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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Werwolves
+
+Author: Elliott O'Donnell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2008 [EBook #26629]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lisa Reigel and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                          BY THE SAME AUTHOR
+
+               SOME HAUNTED HOUSES OF ENGLAND AND WALES
+
+                     THE HAUNTED HOUSES OF LONDON
+
+                         SCOTTISH GHOST TALES
+
+                         BYEWAYS OF GHOSTLAND
+
+                          GHOSTLY PHENOMENA
+
+                 THE REMINISCENCES OF MRS. E. M. WARD
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                          ELLIOTT O'DONNELL
+
+
+                          METHUEN & CO. LTD.
+                         36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
+                                LONDON
+
+
+                      _First Published in 1912_
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+  CHAP.                                                        PAGE
+     I. WHAT IS A WERWOLF?                                        1
+
+    II. WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF
+          LYCANTHROPY                                            20
+
+   III. THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES                                 44
+
+    IV. HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF                                  55
+
+     V. WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM                                   71
+
+    VI. THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES                         92
+
+   VII. THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE                                   110
+
+  VIII. WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS                       126
+
+    IX. WERWOLVES IN GERMANY                                    143
+
+     X. A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE
+          CASE OF THE COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER                 161
+
+    XI. WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA   174
+
+   XII. THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN                                    194
+
+  XIII. THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS              212
+
+   XIV. THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK                      225
+
+    XV. WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN                          236
+
+   XVI. WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND              256
+
+  XVII. THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA                       270
+
+
+
+
+WERWOLVES
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+WHAT IS A WERWOLF?
+
+
+What is a werwolf? To this there is no one very satisfactory reply.
+There are, indeed, so many diverse views held with regard to the nature
+and classification of werwolves, their existence is so keenly disputed,
+and the subject is capable of being regarded from so many standpoints,
+that any attempt at definition in a restricted sense would be well-nigh
+impossible.
+
+The word werwolf (or werewolf) is derived from the Anglo-Saxon _wer_,
+man, and _wulf_, wolf, and has its equivalents in the German _Währwolf_
+and French _loup-garou_, whilst it is also to be found in the languages,
+respectively, of Scandinavia, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkan
+Peninsula, and of certain of the countries of Asia and Africa; from
+which it may be concluded that its range is pretty well universal.
+
+Indeed, there is scarcely a country in the world in which belief in a
+werwolf, or in some other form of lycanthropy, has not once existed,
+though it may have ceased to exist now. But whereas in some countries
+the werwolf is considered wholly physical, in others it is looked upon
+as partly, if not entirely, superphysical. And whilst in some countries
+it is restricted to the male sex, in others it is confined to the
+female; and, again, in others it is to be met with in both sexes.
+
+Hence, when asked to describe a werwolf, or what is generally
+believed to be a werwolf, one can only say that a werwolf is an
+anomaly--sometimes man, sometimes woman (or in the guise of man or
+woman); sometimes adult, sometimes child (or in the guise of
+such)--that, under certain conditions, possesses the property of
+metamorphosing into a wolf, the change being either temporary or
+permanent.
+
+This, perhaps, expresses most of what is general concerning werwolves.
+For more particular features, upon which I will touch later, one must
+look to locality and time.
+
+Those who are sceptical with regard to the existence of the werwolf, and
+refuse to accept, as proof of such existence, the accumulated testimony
+of centuries, attribute the origin of the belief in the phenomenon
+merely to an insane delusion, which, by reason of its novelty, gained a
+footing and attracted followers.
+
+Humanity, they say, has ever been the same; and any fresh idea--no
+matter how bizarre or monstrous, so long as it is monstrous enough--has
+always met with support and won credence.
+
+In favour of this argument it is pointed out that in many of the cases
+of persons accused of werwolfery, tried in France, and elsewhere, in the
+middle of the sixteenth century, when belief in this species of
+lycanthropy was at its zenith, there was an extraordinary readiness
+among the accused to confess, and even to give circumstantial evidence
+of their own metamorphosis; and that this particular form of
+self-accusation at length became so popular among the leading people in
+the land, that the judicial court, having its suspicions awakened, and,
+doubtless, fearful of sentencing so many important personages, acquitted
+the majority of the accused, announcing them to be the victims of
+delusion and hysteria.
+
+Now, if it were admitted, argue these sceptics, that the bulk of
+so-called werwolves were impostors, is it not reasonable to suppose that
+all so-called werwolves were either voluntary or involuntary
+impostors?--the latter, _i.e._, those who were not self-accused, being
+falsely accused by persons whose motive for so doing was revenge. For
+parallel cases one has only to refer to the trials for sorcery and
+witchcraft in England. And with regard to false accusations of
+lycanthropy--accusations founded entirely on hatred of the accused
+person--how easy it was to trump up testimony and get the accused
+convicted. The witnesses were rarely, if ever, subjected to a searching
+examination; the court was always biased, and a confession of guilt,
+when not voluntary--as in the case of the prominent citizen, when it was
+invariably pronounced due to hysteria or delusion--could always be
+obtained by means of torture, though a confession thus obtained,
+needless to say, is completely nullified. Moreover, we have no record of
+metamorphosis taking place in court, or before witnesses chosen for
+their impartiality. On the contrary, the alleged transmutations always
+occurred in obscure places, and in the presence of people who, one has
+reason to believe, were both hysterical and imaginative, and therefore
+predisposed to see wonders. So says this order of sceptic, and, to my
+mind, he says a great deal more than his facts justify; for although
+contemporary writers generally are agreed that a large percentage of
+those people who voluntarily confessed they were werwolves were mere
+dissemblers, there is no recorded conclusive testimony to show that all
+such self-accused persons were shams and delusionaries. Besides, even
+if such testimony were forthcoming, it would in nowise preclude the
+existence of the werwolf.
+
+Nor does the fact that all the accused persons submitted to the rack, or
+other modes of torture, confessed themselves werwolves prove that all
+such confessions were false.
+
+Granted also that some of the charges of lycanthropy were groundless,
+being based on malice--which, by the by, is no argument for the
+non-existence of lycanthropy, since it is acknowledged that accusations
+of all sorts, having been based on malice, have been equally
+groundless--there is nothing in the nature of written evidence that
+would justify one in assuming that all such charges were traceable to
+the same cause, _i.e._, a malicious agency. Neither can one dismiss the
+testimony of those who swore they were actual eye-witnesses of
+metamorphoses, on the mere assumption that all such witnesses were
+liable to hallucination or hysteria, or were hyper-imaginative.
+
+Testimony to an event having taken place must be regarded as positive
+evidence of such an occurrence, until it can be satisfactorily proved to
+be otherwise--and this is where the case of the sceptic breaks down; he
+can only offer assumption, not proof.
+
+Another view, advanced by those who discredit werwolves, is that belief
+in the existence of such an anomaly originates in the impression made
+on man in early times by the great elemental powers of nature. It was,
+they say, man's contemplation of the changes of these great elemental
+powers of nature, _i.e._, the changes of the sun and moon, wind, thunder
+and lightning, of the day and night, sunshine and rain, of the seasons,
+and of life and death, and his deductions therefrom, that led to his
+belief in and worship of gods that could assume varying shapes, such,
+for example, as India (who occasionally took the form of a bull),
+Derketo (who sometimes metamorphosed into a fish), Poseidon, Jupiter
+Ammon, Milosh Kobilitch, Minerva, and countless others--and that it is
+to this particular belief and worship, which is to be found in the
+mythology of every race, that all religions, as well as belief in
+fairies, demons, werwolves, and phantasms, may be traced.
+
+Well, this might be so, if there were not, in my opinion, sufficient
+accumulative corroborative evidence to show that not only were there
+such anomalies as werwolves formerly, but that, in certain restricted
+areas, they are even yet to be encountered.
+
+Taking, then, the actual existence of werwolves to be an established
+fact, it is, of course, just as impossible to state their origin as it
+is to state the origin of any other extraordinary form of creation.
+Every religious creed, every Occult sect, advances its own respective
+views--and has a perfect right to do so, as long as it advances them as
+views and not dogmatisms.
+
+I, for my part, bearing in mind that everything appertaining to the
+creation of man and the universe is a profound mystery, cannot see the
+object on the part of religionists and scientists in being arbitrary
+with regard to a subject which any child of ten will apprehend to be one
+whereon it is futile to do other than theorize. My own theory, or rather
+one of my own theories, is that the property of transmutation, _i.e._,
+the power of assuming any animal guise, was one of the many
+properties--including second sight, the property of becoming invisible
+at will, of divining the presence of water, metals, the advent of death,
+and of projecting the etherical body--which were bestowed on man at the
+time of his creation; and that although mankind in general is no longer
+possessed of them, a few of these properties are still, in a lesser
+degree, to be found among those of us who are termed psychic.
+
+The history of the Jews is full of references to certain of these
+properties. The greatest of all the Superphysical Forces--the creating
+Force (the Hebrew Jah, Jehovah)--so says the Bible, constantly held
+direct communication with His elect--with Adam, Noah, Abraham, and
+Moses, while His emissaries, the angels, or what modern Occultists would
+term Benevolent Elementals, conversed with Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, and
+hosts of others. In this same history, too, there is no lack of
+reference to sorcery; and whilst Black Magic is illustrated in the
+tricks wrought by the magicians before Pharaoh, and the infliction of
+all manner of plagues upon the Egyptians, one is rather inclined to
+attribute to White Magic Daniel's safety among the lions; Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abed-nego's preservation from the flames; Elijah's
+miraculous spinning out of the barrel of meal and cruse of oil, in the
+days of famine, and his raising of the widow's son. Also, to the account
+of White Magic--and should anyone dispute this point let me remind him
+that it is merely a difference in the point of view--I would add
+Elisha's calling up of the bears that made such short work of the
+naughty children who tormented him. There are, too, many examples of
+divination recorded in the Bible. In Genesis, chapter xxx., verses
+27-43, a description is given of a divining rod and its influence over
+sheep and other animals; in Exodus, chapter xvii., verse 15, Moses with
+the aid of a rod discovers water in the rock at Rephidim, and for
+similar instances one has only to refer to Exodus, chapter xiv., verse
+16, and chapter xvii., verses 9-11. The calling up of the phantasm of
+Samuel at Endor more than suggests a biblical precedent for the modern
+practice of spiritualism; and it was, undoubtedly, the abuse of such
+power as that possessed by the witch of Endor, and the prevalence of
+sorcery, such as she practised, that finally led to the decree delivered
+by Moses to the Children of Israel, that on no account were they to
+suffer a witch to live. Reference to yet another property of the
+occult--namely, Etherical Projection--which is clearly exemplified in
+the Scriptures, may be found in Numbers, chapter xii., verse 6; in Job,
+chapter xxxiii., verse 15; in the First Book of Kings, chapter iii.,
+verse 5; in Genesis, chapter xx., verses 3 and 6, and chapter xxxi.,
+verse 24; in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Nahum, and Zechariah; and more
+particularly in the Acts of the Apostles, and in the Revelation of St.
+John. Lastly, in this history of the Jews, which is surely neither more
+nor less authenticated than any other well established history,
+testimony as to the existence of one species of Elemental of much the
+same order as the werwolf is recorded by Isaiah. In chapter xiii., verse
+21, we read: "And their houses shall be full of doleful creatures, and
+owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there." Satyrs! we
+repeat; are not satyrs every whit as grotesque and outrageous as
+werwolves? Why, then, should those who, regarding the Scriptures as
+infallible, confess to a belief in the satyr, reject the possibility of
+a werwolf? And for those who are more logically sceptical--who question
+the veracity of the Bible and are dubious as to its authenticity--there
+are the chronicles of Herodotus, Petronius Arbiter, Baronius, Dôle,
+Olaus Magnus, Marie de France, Thomas Aquinas, Richard Verstegan, and
+many other recognized historians and classics, covering a large area in
+the history of man, all of whom specially testify to the existence--in
+their own respective periods--of werwolves.
+
+And if any further evidence of this once near relationship with the
+Other World is required, one has only to turn to Aristotle, who wrote so
+voluminously on psychic dreams (most of which I am inclined to think
+were due to projection); to the teachings of Pythagoras and his
+followers, Empedocles and Apollonius; to Cicero and Tacitus; to Virgil,
+who frequently talks of ghosts and seers of Tyana; to Plato, the
+exponent of magic; and to Plutarch, whose works swarm with allusions to
+Occultism of all kinds--phantasms of the dead, satyrs, and numerous
+other species of Elementals.
+
+I say, then, that in ages past, before any of the artificialities
+appertaining to our present mode of living were introduced; when the
+world was but thinly populated and there were vast regions of wild
+wastes and silent forests, the Known and Unknown walked hand in hand. It
+was seclusion of this kind, the seclusion of nature, that spirits loved,
+and it was in this seclusion they were always to be found whenever man
+wanted to hold communication with them. To such silent spots--to the
+woods and wildernesses--Buddha, Mohammed, the Hebrew Patriarchs and
+Prophets, all, in their turn, resorted, to solicit the companionship of
+benevolently disposed spirits, to be tutored by them, and, in all
+probability, to receive from them additional powers. To these wastes and
+forests, too, went all those who wished to do ill. There they communed
+with the spirits of darkness, _i.e._, demons, or what are also termed
+Vice Elementals; and from the latter they acquired--possibly in exchange
+for some of their own vitality, for spirits of this order are said to
+have envied man his material body--tuition in sorcery, and such
+properties as second sight, invisibility, and lycanthropy.
+
+This property of lycanthropy, or metamorphosing into a beast, probably
+dates back to man's creation. It was, I am inclined to believe,
+conferred on man at his creation by Malevolent Forces that were
+antagonistic to man's progress; and that these Malevolent Forces had a
+large share in the creation of this universe is, to my mind, extremely
+probable. But, however that may be, I cannot believe that the creation
+of man and the universe were due entirely to one Creator--there are
+assuredly too many inconsistencies in all we see around us to justify
+belief in only one Creative Force. The Creator who inspired man with
+love--love for his fellow beings and love of the beautiful--could not be
+the same Creator who framed that irredeemably cruel principle observable
+throughout nature, _i.e._, the survival of the fittest; the preying of
+the stronger on the weaker--of the tiger on the feebler beasts of the
+jungle; the eagle on the smaller birds of the air; the wolf on the
+sheep; the shark on the poor, defenceless fish, and so on; neither could
+He be the Creator that deals in diseases--foul and filthy diseases,
+common, not only to all divisions of the human species, but to
+quadrupeds, birds, fish, and even flora; that brings into existence
+cripples and idiots, the blind, the deaf and dumb; and watches with
+passive inertness the most acute sufferings, not only of adults, but of
+sinless children and all manner of helpless animals. No! It is
+impossible to conceive that such incompatibilities can be the work of
+one Creator. But, supposing, for the sake of argument, we may admit the
+possibility of only one Creator, we cannot concede that this Creator is
+at the same time both omnipotent and merciful. My own belief, which is
+merely based on common sense and observation, is that this earth was
+created by many Forces--that everything that makes for man's welfare is
+due to Benevolent Forces; and that everything that tends to his
+detriment is due to antagonistic Malevolent Forces; and that the
+Malevolent Forces exist for the very simple reason that the Benevolent
+Forces are not sufficiently powerful to destroy them.
+
+These Malevolent Forces, then--the originators of all evil--created
+werwolves; and the property of lycanthropy becoming in many cases
+hereditary, there were families that could look back upon countless
+generations possessed of it. But lycanthropy did not remain in the
+exclusive possession of a few families; the bestowal of it continued
+long after its original creation, and I doubt if this bestowal has, even
+now, become entirely a thing of the past. There are still a few
+regions--desolate and isolated regions in Europe (in Russia,
+Scandinavia, and even France), to say nothing of Asia, Africa and
+America, Australasia and Polynesia--which are unquestionably the haunts
+of Vagrarians, Barrowvians, and other kinds of undesirable Elementals,
+and it is quite possible that, through the agency of these spirits, the
+property of lycanthropy might be acquired by those who have learned in
+solitude how to commune with them.
+
+I have already referred to the werwolf as an anomaly, and for its
+designation I do not think I could have chosen a more suitable term.
+Though its movements and actions are physical--for what could be more
+material than the act of devouring flesh and blood?--the actual process
+of the metamorphosis savours of the superphysical; whilst to still
+further strengthen its relationship with the latter, its appearance is
+sometimes half man and half wolf, which is certainly more than
+suggestive of the semi-human and by no means uncommon type of Elemental.
+Its inconsistency, too, which is a striking characteristic of all
+psychic phenomena, is also suggestive of the superphysical; and
+there is certainly neither consistency as to the nature of the
+metamorphosis--which is sometimes brought about at will and sometimes
+entirely controlled by the hour of day, or by the seasons--nor as to the
+outward form of the werwolf, which is sometimes merely that of a wolf,
+and sometimes partly wolf and partly human; nor as to its shape at the
+moment of death, when in some cases there is metamorphosis, whilst in
+other cases there is no metamorphosis. Nor is this inconsistency only
+characteristic of the movements, actions, and shape of the werwolf. It
+is also characteristic of it psychologically. When the metamorphosis is
+involuntary, and is enforced by agencies over which the subject has no
+control, the werwolf, though filled with all the passions characteristic
+of a beast of prey, when a wolf, is not of necessity cruel and savage
+when a human being, that is to say, before the transmutations take
+place. There are many instances of such werwolves being, as people,
+affectionate and kindly disposed. On the other hand, in some cases of
+involuntary metamorphosis, and in the majority of cases of voluntary
+metamorphosis--that is to say, when the transmutation is compassed by
+means of magic--the werwolf, as a person, is evilly disposed, and as a
+wolf shows a distinct blending of the beast with the passions, subtle
+ingenuity, and reasoning powers of the human being. From this it is
+obvious, then, that the werwolf is a hybrid of the material and
+immaterial--of man and Elemental, known and Unknown. The latter term
+does not, of course, meet with acceptance at the hands of the
+Rationalists, who profess to believe that all phenomena can be explained
+by perfectly natural causes. They suggest that belief in the werwolf (as
+indeed in all other forms of lycanthropy) is traceable to the craving
+for blood which is innate in certain natures and is sometimes
+accompanied by hallucination, the subject genuinely believing himself to
+be a wolf (or whatever beast of prey is most common in the district),
+and, in imitation of that animal's habits, committing acts of
+devastation at night, selecting his victims principally from among women
+and children--those, in fact, who are too feeble to resist him.
+
+Often, however, say these Rationalists, there is no suggestion of
+hallucination, the question resolving itself into one of vulgar
+trickery. The anthropophagi, unable to suppress their appetite for human
+food, taking advantage of the general awe in which the wolf is held by
+their neighbours, dress themselves up in the skins of that beast, and
+prowling about lonely, isolated spots at night, pounce upon those people
+they can most easily overpower. Rumours (most probably started by the
+murderers themselves) speedily get in circulation that the mangled and
+half-eaten remains of the villagers are attributable to creatures, half
+human and half wolf, that have been seen gliding about certain places
+after dark. The simple country-folk, among whom superstitions are rife,
+are only too ready to give credence to such reports; the existence of
+the monsters becomes an established thing, whilst the localities that
+harbour them are regarded with horror, and looked upon as the happy
+hunting ground of every imaginable occult power of evil.
+
+Now, although such an explanation of werwolves might be applicable in
+certain districts of West Africa, where the native population is
+excessively bloodthirsty and ignorant, it could not for one moment be
+applied to werwolfery in Germany, France, or Scandinavia, where the
+peasantry are, generally speaking, kindly and intelligent people, whom
+one could certainly accuse neither of being sanguinary nor of possessing
+any natural taste for cannibalism.
+
+The rationalist view can therefore only be said to be feasible in
+certain limited spheres, outside of which it is grotesque and
+ridiculous.
+
+Now a question that has occurred to me, and which, I fancy, may give
+rise to some interesting speculation, is, whether some of the werwolves
+stated to have been seen may not have been some peculiar type of
+phantasm. I make this suggestion because I have seen several sub-human
+and sub-animal occult phenomena in England, and have, too, met other
+people who have had similar experiences.
+
+With our limited knowledge of the Unknown it is, of course, impossible
+to be arbitrary as to the class of spirits to which such phenomena
+belong. They may be Vice Elementals, _i.e._, spirits that have never
+inhabited any material body, whether human or animal, and which are
+wholly inimical to man's progress--such spirits assume an infinite
+number of shapes, agreeable and otherwise; or they may be phantasms of
+dead human beings--vicious and carnal-minded people, idiots, and
+imbecile epileptics. It is an old belief that the souls of cataleptic
+and epileptic people, during the body's unconsciousness, adjourned
+temporarily to animals, and it is therefore only in keeping with such a
+view to suggest that on the deaths of such people their spirits take
+permanently the form of animals. This would account for the fact that
+places where cataleptics and idiots have died are often haunted by semi
+and by wholly animal types of phantasms.
+
+According to Paracelsus Man has in him two spirits--an animal spirit and
+a human spirit--and that in after life he appears in the shape of
+whichever of these two spirits he has allowed to dominate him. If, for
+example, he has obeyed the spirit that prompts him to be sober and
+temperate, then his phantasm resembles a man; but on the other hand, if
+he has given way to his carnal and bestial cravings, then his phantasm
+is earthbound, in the guise of some terrifying and repellent
+animal--maybe a wolf, bear, dog, or cat--all of which shapes are far
+from uncommon in psychic manifestations.
+
+This view has been held either _in toto_, or with certain reservations,
+by many other writers on the subject, and I, too, in a great measure
+endorse it--its pronouncement of a limit to man's phantasms being,
+perhaps, the only important point to which I cannot accede. My own view
+is that so complex a creature as man--complex both physically and
+psychologically--may have a representative spirit for each of his
+personalities. Hence on man's physical dissolution there may emanate
+from him a host of phantasms, each with a shape most fitting the
+personality it represents. And what more thoroughly representative of
+cruelty, savageness, and treachery than a wolf, or even something partly
+lupine! Therefore, as I have suggested elsewhere, in some instances, but
+emphatically not in all, what were thought to have been werwolves may
+only have been phantasms of the dead, or Elementals.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF LYCANTHROPY
+
+
+The wolf is not the only animal whose shape, it is stated, man may
+possess the power of assuming; and it may be of some interest to inquire
+briefly into the varying branches of lycanthropy, comparing them with
+the one already under discussion.
+
+In Orissa, the power of metamorphosing into a tiger is asserted by the
+Kandhs to be hereditary, and also to be acquired through the practice of
+magic; many who have travelled in this country have assured me that
+there is a very great amount of truth in this assertion; and that
+although there are, without doubt, a number of impostors among those
+designated wer-tigers, there are most certainly many who are genuine.
+
+As with the werwolf, so with the wer-tiger, the metamorphosis is usually
+dependent on the hour of the day, and generally occurs cotemporaneous
+with the setting of the sun.
+
+But the lycanthropy of the wer-tiger differs from that of the werwolf
+inasmuch as there is a definite god or spirit, in the shape of a tiger,
+that is directly responsible for the bestowal of the property. This
+tiger deity is looked upon and worshipped as a totem or national
+deity--that is to say, as a divine being that has the welfare of the
+Kandh nation especially at heart. It is communed with at home, but more
+particularly in the wild dreariness of the jungle, where, on the
+condition that the prayers of its devotees are sufficiently concentrated
+and in earnest, it confers--as an honour and privilege--the power of
+transmutation into its own shape. Some idea of its appearance may
+perhaps be gathered from the following description of it given me by a
+Mr. K----, whose name I see in the list of passengers reported "missing"
+in the deplorable disaster to the "Titanic."
+
+"Anxious to see," Mr. K---- stated, "if there was anything of truth in
+the alleged materialization of the tiger totem to those supplicating it,
+I went one evening to a spot in the jungle--some two or three miles from
+the village--where I had been informed the manifestations took place. As
+the jungle was universally held to be haunted I met no one; and in spite
+of my dread of the snakes, big cats, wild boars, scorpions, and other
+poisonous vermin with which the place was swarming, arrived without
+mishap at the place that had been so carefully described to me--a
+circular clearing of about twenty feet in diameter, surrounded on all
+sides by rank grass of a prodigious height, trolsee shrubs, kulpa and
+tamarind-trees. Quickly concealing myself, I waited the coming of the
+would-be tiger-man.
+
+"He was hardly more than a boy--slim and almost feminine--and came
+gallivanting along the narrow path through the brushwood, like some
+careless, high-spirited, brown-skinned hoyden.
+
+"The moment he reached the edge of the mystic circle, however, his
+behaviour changed; the light of laughter died from his eyes, his lips
+straightened, his limbs stiffened, and his whole demeanour became one of
+respect and humility.
+
+"Advancing with bare head and feet some three or so feet into the
+clearing, he knelt down, and, touching the ground three times in
+succession with his forehead, looked up at a giant kulpa-tree opposite
+him, chanting as he did so some weird and monotonous refrain, the
+meaning of which was unintelligible to me. Up to then it had been
+light--the sky, like all Indian skies at that season, one blaze of
+moonbeams and stars; but now it gradually grew dark. An unnatural,
+awe-inspiring shade seemed to swoop down from the far distant mountains
+and to hush into breathless silence everything it touched. Not a bird
+sang, not an insect ticked, not a leaf stirred. One might have said all
+nature slept, had it not been for an uncomfortable sensation that the
+silence was but the silence of intense expectation--merely the prelude
+to some unpleasant revelation that was to follow. At this juncture my
+feelings were certainly novel--entirely different from any I had
+hitherto experienced.
+
+"I had not believed in the supernatural, and had had absolutely no
+apprehensions of coming across anything of a ghostly character--all my
+fears had been of malicious natives and tigers; they now, however,
+changed, and I was confronted with a dread of what I could not
+understand and could not analyse--of something that suggested an
+appearance, alarming on account of its very vagueness.
+
+"The pulsations of my heart became irregular, I grew faint and sick, and
+painfully susceptible to a sensation of excessive coldness, which
+instinct told me was quite independent of any actual change in the
+atmosphere.
+
+"I made several attempts to remove my gaze from the kulpa-tree, which
+intuition told me would be the spot where the something, whatever it
+was, that was going to happen would manifest itself. My eyes, however,
+refused to obey, and I was obliged to keep them steadily fixed on this
+spot, which grew more and more gloomy. All of a sudden the silence was
+broken, and a cry, half human and half animal, but horribly ominous,
+sounding at first faint and distant, speedily grew louder and louder.
+Soon I heard footsteps, the footsteps of something running towards us
+and covering the ground with huge, light strides. Nearer and nearer it
+came, till, with a sudden spring, it burst into view--the giant reeds
+and trolsees were dashed aside, and I saw standing in front of the
+kulpa-tree a vertical column of crimson light of perhaps seven feet in
+height and one or so in width. A column--only a column, though the
+suggestion conveyed to me by the column was nasty--nasty with a
+nastiness that baffles description. I looked at the native, and the
+expression in his eyes and mouth assured me he saw more--a very great
+deal more. For some seconds he only gasped; then, by degrees, the
+rolling of his eyes and twitching of his lips ceased. He stretched out a
+hand and made some sign on the ground. Then he produced a string of
+beads, and after placing it over the scratchings he had made on the
+soil, jerked out some strange incantation in a voice that thickened and
+quivered with terror. I then saw a stream of red light steal from the
+base of the column and dart like forked lightning to the beads, which
+instantly shone a luminous red. The native now picked them up, and,
+putting them round his neck, clapped the palms of his hands vigorously
+together, uttering as he did so a succession of shrill cries, that
+gradually became more and more animal in tone, and finally ended in a
+roar that converted every particle of blood in my veins into ice. The
+crimson colour now abruptly vanished--whither it went I know not--the
+shade that had been veiling the jungle was dissipated, and in the burst
+of brilliant moonlight that succeeded I saw, peering up at me, from the
+spot where the native had lain, the yellow, glittering, malevolent eyes,
+not of a man, but a tiger--a tiger thirsting for human blood. The shock
+was so great that for a second or two I was paralysed, and could only
+stare back at the thing in fascinated helplessness. Then a big bird
+close at hand screeched, and some small quadruped flew past me
+terrified; and with these awakenings of nature all my faculties revived,
+and I simply jumped on my feet and--fled!
+
+"Some fifty yards ahead of me, and showing their tops well above the
+moon-kissed reeds and bushes, were two trees--a tamarind and a kulpa
+briksha. God knows why I decided on the latter! Probably through a mere
+fluke, for I hadn't the remotest idea which of the trees offered the
+best facilities to a poor climber. My mind once made up, there was no
+time to alter. The wer-tiger was already terribly close behind. I could
+gauge its distance by the patter of its feet--apparently the
+metamorphosis had only been in part--and by the steadily intensifying
+purr, purr; so unmistakably interpretative of the brute's utter
+satisfaction in its power to overtake me, as well as at the prospect of
+so good a meal. I was just thirteen stone, seemingly a most unlucky
+number even in weight! Had the tiger wanted, I am sure he could have
+caught me at once, but I fancy it wished to play with me a little
+first--to let me think I was going to escape, and then, when it had got
+all the amusement possible out of me, just to give a little sprint and
+haul me over. Perhaps it was my anger at such undignified treatment of
+the human race that gave a kind of sting to my running, for I certainly
+got over the ground at twice the speed I had ever done before, or ever
+thought myself capable of doing. At times my limbs were on the verge of
+mutiny, but I forced them onward, and though my lungs seemed bursting, I
+never paused. At last a clearing was reached and the kulpa-tree stood
+fully revealed. I glanced at once at the trunk. The lowest branch of any
+size was some eight feet from the ground. . . . Could I reach it?
+Summoning up all my efforts for this final, and in all probability
+fatal, rush, I hurled myself forward. There was a low exultant roar, a
+soft, almost feminine purr, and a long hairy paw, with black, gleaming
+claws shot past my cheek. I gave a great gasp of anguish, and with all
+the pent-up force of despair clutched at the branch overhead. My
+finger-tips just curled over it; I tightened them, but, at the most, it
+was a very feeble, puny grasp, and totally insufficient to enable me to
+swing my body out of reach of the tiger. I immediately gave myself up as
+lost, and was endeavouring to reconcile myself to the idea of being
+slowly chewed alive, when an extraordinary thing happened. The wer-tiger
+gave a low growl of terror and, bounding away, was speedily lost in the
+jungle. Fearing it might return, I waited for some time in the tree, and
+then, as there were no signs of it, descended, and very cautiously made
+my way back to the village.
+
+"That night an entire family, father, mother, son, and daughter, were
+murdered, and their mutilated and half-eaten bodies were discovered on
+the floor of their hut in the morning. Evidence pointed to their having
+been killed by a tiger; and as they had been the sworn enemies of the
+young man whose metamorphosis I had witnessed, it was not difficult to
+guess at the identity of their destroyer.
+
+"I related my adventure to one of the chief people, and he informed me
+he knew that particular kulpa-tree well. 'You undoubtedly owe your
+salvation to having touched it,' he said. 'The original kulpa, which now
+stands in the first heaven, is said to have been one of the fourteen
+remarkable things turned up by the churning of the ocean by the gods and
+demons; and the name of Ram and his consort Seeter are written on the
+silvery trunks of all its earthly descendants. If once you touch any
+portion of a kulpa briksha tree, you are quite safe from any
+animal--that is why the wer-tiger snarled and ran away! But take my
+advice, sahib, and leave the village.'
+
+"I did so, and on the way to my home in the hills visited the tree.
+There, sure enough, plainly visible on the silvery surface in the
+twilight, was the name of the incarnation of Vishnu, written in Sanskrit
+characters, and apparently by some supernatural hand; that is to say,
+there was a softness in the impression, as if the finger of some
+supernatural being had traced the characters. I did not want any further
+proofs--I had had enough; and taking good care to see my gun was loaded,
+I hurried off. Nor have I ever ventured into that neighbourhood since."
+
+Mr. K----, continuing, informed me that from what he had been told by
+his friend in the Kandh village, he concluded that only those who had
+been initiated into the full rites of magic in their early youth could
+see the totem in its full state of materialization, _i.e._, an enormous
+tiger--half man and half beast. To those who were in some degree
+clairvoyant it would appear as it had appeared to him, a mere column of
+crimson light (crimson on account of its association with Black Magic);
+whilst to those who were not in any way clairvoyant it would remain
+entirely invisible. The young Kandh had prayed for the property of
+lycanthropy solely as a means of revenge on those whom he imagined had
+wronged him; and as a wer-tiger he was able to destroy them in the most
+cruel manner possible. The property when once acquired, however, could
+never be cast off, and the young man would, willy-nilly, undergo
+transmutation every night, and in all probability continue killing and
+eating people till some one plucked up the courage--for wer-tigers were
+not only dreaded, but held in the greatest awe--to shoot him.
+
+There are certain tribes in India known to be adepts in Occultism, and
+therefore one is not surprised to find lycanthropy linked with the
+mysterious jugglery, etherical projection, and other psychic feats
+accomplished by these tribesmen. The wer-tiger is not confined to the
+Kandhs: it is met with in Malaysia, in the gorgeous tropical forests of
+Java and Sumatra, where it is feared more than anything on earth by the
+gentle and intelligent natives; and, if rumour be true, in the great,
+lone mountains and dense jungles, and along the hot, unhealthy
+river-banks of New Guinea.
+
+In Arawak, it gives place to the wer-jaguar; in Ashangoland, and many
+parts of West Africa, to the wer-leopard. Of course, there are cases of
+charlatanism in lycanthropy as in medicine, politics, palmistry, and in
+every other science. But most, if not all, of these cases of sham
+lycanthropy seem to come from West Africa, where leopard societies are
+from time to time formed by young savages unable to restrain their
+craving for cannibalism. These human vampires dress up in leopard-skins,
+and stealing stealthily through the woods at night, attack stray
+pedestrians or isolated households. After killing their victims, they
+cut off any portions of the body--usually the breasts and thighs--they
+fancy most for eating, and then mutilate the rest with the signia of
+their society, _i.e._, long and deep scratchings, which are made either
+with the claws of a leopard or some other beast, or with sharp iron
+nails. Whole districts are often put in a state of panic by these
+marauders, who, retiring to their retreat in the heart of some little
+known, vast, and almost impenetrable forest, successfully defy capture.
+But the fact of there being pseudo-wer-leopards by no means disposes of
+the fact that there are genuine ones, any more than the fact that there
+are charlatan palmists precludes the possibility of there being _bona
+fide_ palmists; and I am inclined to believe lycanthropy exists in
+certain parts of West Africa (_i.e._, where primitive conditions are
+most in evidence), although not, perhaps, to the same extent as it does
+in Asia and Europe. I do not think the negro's relationship to the
+Occult Forces is quite the same as that of other races. He is often
+clairvoyant and clairaudiant, and always very much in awe of the
+superphysical; but it is rarely he can ever claim close intimacy with
+it--not close enough, at all events, to be the recipient of its special
+gifts.
+
+In werwolfery there is no "totem." The property of metamorphosis, in
+this branch of lycanthropy, is not deemed the gift of a national deity,
+but either of the Occult Powers in general or of some particular local
+phantasm. In other branches of lycanthropy, viz., that of the wer-tiger
+and wer-leopard--I am doubtful about the wer-jaguar--the property of
+transmutation is said to be conferred solely by the god, or a god, of
+the tribe.
+
+But although these various properties of lycanthropy are apparently
+derived from different sources, the difference is only in outward form;
+and I have no hesitation in saying that the occult power from which all
+lycanthropy proceeds, whether in the form of a wolf, tiger, leopard, or
+any other beast, is in reality the same species of Elemental.[32:1] But
+whether a Vagrarian, Vice, or some other Elemental, I cannot possibly
+say.
+
+I have stated that I am doubtful as to whether totemism exists in
+Arawak. The truth is, with regard to this question, I am in receipt of
+somewhat conflicting testimony. Some say that the natives have as their
+god a deity in the form of a jaguar, to whom they pray for vengeance on
+their foes and for the property of lycanthropy; which property (_vide_
+the case of the Kandhs) would give them the additional pleasure of
+executing vengeance in their own person. On the other hand, I have heard
+that the form of a jaguar is the form most commonly assumed by spirits
+in Arawak, particularly by those invoked at séances. Hence it is
+extremely difficult to arrive at the truth. From the corroborating
+testimony of various people, however, I conclude that whereas among the
+Kandhs and West African negroes the property of lycanthropy (unless, of
+course, hereditary) is rarely conferred on females, or on anyone younger
+than sixteen, in Arawak and Malaysia it is awarded regardless of sex or
+age.
+
+Some years ago there was current, among certain tribes of the natives in
+Arawak, a story to this effect:--
+
+A Dutch trader, of the name of Van Hielen, was visiting for purely
+business purposes an Indian settlement in a very remote part of the
+colony. Roaming about the village one evening, he came to a hut standing
+alone on the outskirts of one of those dense forests that are so
+characteristic of Arawak. Van Hielen paused, and was marvelling how
+anyone could choose to live in so outlandish and lonely a spot, when a
+shrill scream, followed by a series of violent guttural ejaculations,
+came from the interior of the building, and the next moment a little
+boy--some seven or eight years of age--rushed out of the house, pursued
+by a prodigiously fat woman, who whacked him soundly across the
+shoulders with a knotted club and then halted for want of breath. Van
+Hielen, who was well versed in the native language, politely asked her
+what the boy had done to deserve so severe a chastisement.
+
+"Done!" the woman replied, opening her beady little eyes to their full
+extent; "why, he's not done anything--that's why I beat him--he's
+incorrigibly idle. He and his sister spend all their time amid the trees
+yonder conversing with the bad spirits. They learned that trick from
+Guska, with the evil eye. She has bewitched them. She was shot to death
+with arrows in the market-place last year, and my only regret is that
+she wasn't put out of the way ten years sooner. Ah! there's that wicked
+girl Yarakna--she's been hiding from me all the day. I must punish her,
+too!" and before Van Hielen could speak the indignant parent waddled
+off--with surprising swiftness for one of her vast proportions--and
+reappeared dragging by the wrist an elfish-looking girl of about ten.
+She gave the urchin one blow, and was about to give her another, when
+Van Hielen, whose heart was particularly tender where children were
+concerned, interfered, and by dint of bribery persuaded her to desist.
+She retired indoors, and Van Hielen found himself alone with the child.
+
+"May the spirit of the woods for ever be your friend!" the maiden said.
+"But for you my poor back would have been beaten to a tonka bean. My
+brother and I have suffered enough at the hands of the old woman--we'll
+suffer no more."
+
+"What will you do then?" Van Hielen asked, shocked at the revengeful
+expression that marred the otherwise pretty features of the child.
+"Remember, she is your mother, and has every right to expect you to be
+obedient and industrious."
+
+"She is not our mother!" the girl answered. "Our mother is the spirit of
+the woods. We work for her--not for this old woman, and in return she
+tells us tales and amuses us."
+
+"You work for her!" Van Hielen said in amazement. "What do you mean?"
+
+The child smiled--the ignorance of the white man tickled her. "We gather
+aloes for medicine for her sick children; the core of the lechugilla for
+their food, yucca leaves for plumes for their heads, and scarlet
+panicles of the _Fouquiera splendens_ for their clothes. My brother and
+I will go to her to-night when the old woman is sleeping. Where? Ah! we
+do not tell anyone that. Do we see her? The spirit of the woods, you
+mean? Yes, we see her, but it is not every one who can see her--only
+those who have sight like ours. But I must go now--my brother is calling
+me."
+
+Van Hielen could hear nothing; though he did not doubt, from the child's
+behaviour, that she had been called. She ran merrily away, and he
+watched her black head disappear in the thick undergrowth facing him.
+Van Hielen's curiosity was roused. What the child had said impressed him
+deeply; and against his saner judgment he resolved to secrete himself
+near the hut and watch. After it had been dusk some time, and all sounds
+had ceased, he saw the two children emerge from the hut, and, tiptoeing
+softly towards the trees, fall on their hands and knees and crawl along
+a tiny, deviating path. Hardly knowing what he was doing, but impelled
+by a force he could not resist, Van Hielen followed them. It was a
+delicious night--at that time of year every night in Arawak is
+delicious--and Van Hielen, who was very simple in his love of nature,
+imbibed delight through every pore in his body. As he trod gently along,
+pushing first this branch and then that out of the way, and stooping
+down to half his height to creep under a formidable bramble, countless
+voices from animal land fell on his ears. From a glimmering patch of
+water, away on his left, came the trump of a bull-frog and the wail of
+the whip-poor-will; a monkey chattered, a parrot screeched, whilst a
+shrill cry of terror, accompanied by a savage growl, plainly told of the
+surprise and slaughter of some defenceless animal by one of the many big
+beasts of prey that made every tree their lurking place.
+
+On any other occasion Van Hielen would have thought twice before
+embarking on such an expedition; but that night he seemed to be
+labouring under some charm which had lulled to sleep all sense of
+insecurity. It was true he was armed, but of what avail is a rifle
+against the unexpected spring of a jaguar or leopard--from a bough some
+ten or twenty feet directly over one's head--or the sudden lunge of a
+boa constrictor!
+
+At first, the path wound its way through a dense chapparal consisting of
+the various shrubs and plants rarely to be met with in other parts of
+Arawak, namely, acacias, aloes, lechuguillas, and the _Fouquiera
+splendens_. But after a short time this kind of vegetation was succeeded
+by something far more imposing--by dense masses of trees, many of them
+at the least one hundred and fifty feet in height: the mora, which from
+a distance appears like a hillock clothed with the brightest vegetation;
+the ayucari, or red cedar; and the cuamara, laden with tonka beans. So
+thick was their foliage overhead that one by one Van Hielen watched the
+stars disappear; and the path ahead of him darkened till it was as much
+as he could do to grope along. Still he was not afraid. The thought of
+that elfish little maiden with the luminous eyes crawling along in front
+of him inspired him with extraordinary confidence and he plunged on,
+anxious only to catch another glimpse of her and see the play out. Once
+his progress was interrupted by something hot and leathery, that pushed
+him nearly off his feet and puffed rudely in his face. It was on the tip
+of his tongue to give vent to his ruffled feelings in forcible language,
+but the knowledge that this would assuredly warn the children of his
+proximity kept him quiet, and he contented himself with striking a
+vigorous blow. There was a loud snort, a crashing and breaking of
+brushwood, and the thing, whatever it was, rushed away. Another time he
+stumbled over a snake which was gliding from one side of the path to the
+other. The creature hissed, and Van Hielen, giving himself up for lost,
+jumped for all he was worth. As luck would have it the snake missed, and
+Van Hielen, escaping with nothing more serious than a few scratches and
+a bump or two, was able to continue his course. After long gropings the
+path at length came to an end, the trees cleared, and Van Hielen saw
+before him a pool, radiantly illuminated by the moon, and in the very
+centre--an immense Victoria Regia water-lily.
+
+Though accustomed to the fine species of this plant in Guiana--which is
+the home of the Victoria Regia--Van Hielen was doubtful if he had ever
+before beheld such a magnificent specimen. The silvery moonlight,
+falling on its white and pink petals, threw into relief all the
+exquisite delicacy of their composition, and gave to them a glow which
+could only have been rivalled in Elysium. Indeed, the whole scene,
+enhanced by the glamour of the hour and the sweet scent of plants and
+flowers, was so reminiscent of fairyland that Van Hielen--enraptured
+beyond description--stood and gazed in open-mouthed ecstasy.
+
+Then his eyes fell on the children and he noiselessly slipped back under
+cover of a tree.
+
+Hand in hand the boy and girl advanced to the water's edge, and
+kneeling, commenced to recite some strange incantation, which Van Hielen
+tried in vain to interpret. Sometimes their voices reached a high,
+plaintive key; sometimes they sank to a low murmur, strangely musical,
+and strangely suggestive of the babbling of brook water over stones and
+pebbles. When they had finished their incantation, they got up, and
+running to some bushes, returned in a few seconds with their arms full
+of flowers, which they threw with great dexterity on to the leaves of
+the giant lily. With their faces still turned to the water they remained
+standing, side by side, whilst a silence--deep and impressive, and
+shared, so it appeared to Van Hielen, by all nature--fell upon them.
+
+A cold current of air, rising apparently from the pool, blew across the
+opening, and sweeping past Van Hielen, set all the leaves in motion. It
+rustled on till its echoes gradually ceased, and all was still again. It
+now seemed to Van Hielen that the character of everything around
+underwent a subtle change; and the feeling that every object around him
+was indulging in a hearty laugh at his expense intensified with every
+breath he drew. For the first time Van Hielen was afraid. He could not
+define the cause of his fear--but that only made his fear the more
+acute. He was frightened of the wind and darkness, and of something more
+than the wind and darkness--something concealed in--something cloaked by
+the wind and darkness. Even the atmosphere had altered--it, too, was
+making game of him. It distorted his vision. The things he saw around
+him were no longer stationary--they moved. They twirled and twisted
+themselves into all sorts of grotesque and fanciful attitudes; grew
+large, then small; nearer and then more distant. The plot of ground in
+front of which the children knelt played all manner of pranks--pranks
+Van Hielen did not at all like. It moved round and round--faster and
+faster, until it eventually became a whirlpool; which suddenly reversed
+and assumed the appearance of a pyramid revolving on its apex. Quicker
+and quicker it spun round--closer and closer it drew; until, without
+warning, it suddenly stopped and disappeared; whilst its place was taken
+by an oddly shaped bulge in the ground, which, swaying backward and
+forward, increased and increased in stature, till it attained the height
+of some seven or eight feet. Van Hielen could not compare this with
+anything he had ever seen. It was monstrous but shapeless--a mere mass
+of irregular lumps, a dull leadish white, and vibrating horribly in the
+moonlight. He thought of the children; but where they had stood he saw
+only two greenish-yellow spheres that, twirling round and round,
+suddenly approached him. As he started back to escape them, all was
+again changed. The lumpy figure had vanished, the atmosphere cleared,
+and everything was absolutely normal. There were now, however, solid
+grounds for fear. Advancing on him with flashing eyes and scintillating
+teeth were two vividly marked jaguars--a male and female. Van Hielen,
+usually calm and collected in the face of danger, on this occasion lost
+his presence of mind: his gun dropped from his hands, his knees
+quivered, and, helpless and inert, he reeled against the tree under
+which he had been standing. The jaguars--which seemed to be unusually
+savage even for jaguars--prepared to spring, and Van Hielen, certain
+his hour had come, was about to close his eyes and resign himself to his
+fate, when the female brute, although the bigger and more formidable,
+hesitated--thrust its dark, handsomely spotted head almost in its
+victim's face, and then, lashing its companion sharply with its tail,
+swerved aside and was off like a dart.
+
+It took Van Hielen some minutes to realize his escape, and then, more in
+a dream than awake, he mechanically shouldered his rifle and slowly
+followed in the beasts' wake.
+
+An hour's walking brought him to the end of the forest. The dawn was
+breaking, and the track leading to the settlement was just beginning to
+exhibit the mellowing influence of the first rays of the sun. There was
+an exhilarating freshness in the air that made Van Hielen keenly
+sensitive to the ambitious demands of a newly awakened stomach. Opposite
+him was the hut of the old woman, the entrance somewhat clumsily blocked
+with a makeshift door. As Van Hielen looked at it curiously, wondering
+if the woman was in the habit of barricading it in this fashion on
+account of her proximity to the forest, sounds greeted him from within.
+
+Stepping lightly up to the hut, Van Hielen listened attentively. Some
+big animal--a hound most probably--was gnawing a bone--crunch, crunch,
+crunch!
+
+Van Hielen moved away, but hadn't gone very far before an indefinable
+something made him turn back. That crunching, was it a dog or was
+it----? His heart turned sick within him at the bare thought. Again he
+listened at the threshold, and again he heard the sounds--gnaw, gnaw,
+gnaw--crunch, crunch, crunch! He rapped at first gently, and then
+loudly, ever so loudly.
+
+The gnawing at once stopped, but no one answered him. Then he
+called--once, twice, thrice: there was no reply. Assured now there was
+something amiss, he gripped his rifle, and putting his shoulder to the
+door, burst it open. A flood of daylight rushed in, and he saw before
+him on the floor the mutilated and half-eaten remains of a woman,
+and--did his eyes deceive him or did he see?--crouching in a corner all
+ready to spring, two magnificent jaguars. Van Hielen raised his rifle,
+but--in less than a second--it fell from his grasp.
+
+Towards him, from the same spot--their small mouths and slender hands
+smeared with blood--ran Yarakna and her brother.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[32:1] A spirit that has never inhabited any material body. Elementals
+are a genus of a large order, and include innumerable species.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES
+
+
+It seems that there is a disposition in certain minds to associate
+lycanthropy with the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. A brief
+examination of the latter will, however, suffice to show there is very
+little analogy between the two.
+
+Transmigration of souls, a metempsychosis, deals solely with the passing
+of the soul after death into another mortal form. Lycanthropy confines
+itself to the metamorphosis of physical man to animal form only during
+man's physical lifetime.
+
+Metempsychosis is a change of condition dependent on the principle of
+evolution (_i.e._ evolution upward and retrogressive). Lycanthropy is a
+change of condition relative to a property, entirely independent of
+evolution. The one is wholly determined by man's spiritual state at the
+time of his physical dissolution; the other is simply a faculty of
+sense, either handed down to man by his forefathers or acquired by man,
+during his lifetime, through the knowledge and practice of magic.
+
+There are absolutely no grounds, other than purely hypothetical ones,
+for supposing a werwolf to be a reincarnation; but on the other hand
+there is reason to believe that the wolf personality of the werwolf, at
+the latter's physical dissolution, remains earthbound in the form of a
+lupine phantasm. So that although there is nothing to associate
+lycanthropy with metempsychosis, there is, at all events, something in
+common between lycanthropy and animism. Animism, be it understood, holds
+that every living thing, whether man, beast, reptile, insect, or
+vegetable, has a representative spirit.
+
+As an example of a lupine phantasm representing the personality of the
+werwolf, I will quote a case, reported to me some years ago as having
+occurred in Estonia, on the shores of the Baltic. A gentleman and his
+sister, whom I will call Stanislaus and Anno D'Adhemar, were invited to
+spend a few weeks with their old friends, the Baron and Baroness Von
+A----, at their country home in Estonia. On the day arranged, they set
+out for their friends' house, and alighting at a little station, within
+twenty miles of their destination, were met by the Baron's droshky. It
+was one of those exquisite evenings--a night light without moon, a day
+shady without clouds--peculiar to that clime. Indeed, it seemed as if
+the last glow of the evening and the first grey of the morning had
+melted together, and as if all the luminaries of the sky merely rested
+their beams without withdrawing them. To Stanislaus and Anno, jaded with
+the wear and tear of life in a big city, the calm and quiet of the
+country-side was most refreshing, and they heaved great sighs of
+contentment as they leaned far back amid the luxurious upholstery of the
+carriage, and drew in deep breaths of the smokeless, pure, scented air.
+Their surroundings modelled their thoughts. Instead of discussing
+monetary matters, which had so long been uppermost in their minds, they
+discoursed on the wonderful economy of happiness in a world full of toil
+and struggle; the fewer the joys, they argued, the higher the enjoyment,
+till the last and highest joy of all, true peace of mind, _i.e._,
+content, was the one joy found to contain every other joy. Occasionally
+they paused to remark on the brilliant lustre of the stars, and, not
+infrequently, alluded to the Creator's graciousness in allowing them to
+behold such beauty. Occasionally, too, they would break off in the midst
+of their conversation to listen to the plaintive utterings of some night
+bird or the shrill cry of a startled hare. The rate at which they were
+progressing--for the horses were young and fresh--speedily brought them
+to an end of the open country, and they found themselves suddenly
+immersed in the deepening gloom of a dense and extensive forest of
+pines. The track now was not quite so smooth; here and there were big
+ruts, and Stanislaus and his sister were subjected to such a vigorous
+bumping that they had to hold on to the sides of the droshky, and to one
+another. In the altered conditions of their travel, conversation was
+well-nigh impossible. The little they attempted was unceremoniously
+jerked out of them, and the nature of it--I am loath to admit--had
+somewhat deteriorated. It had, in fact, in accordance with their
+surroundings, undergone a considerable change.
+
+"What a vile road!" Stanislaus exclaimed, clutching the side of the
+droshky with both hands to save himself from being precipitated into
+space.
+
+"Yes--isn't--it?" gasped Anno, as she lunged forward, and in a vain
+attempt to regain her seat fell on their handbag, which gave an ominous
+squish. "I declare there--there--will be--nothing left of me--by the--by
+the time we get there. Oh dear! Whatever shall I do? Wherever have you
+got to, Stanislaus?"
+
+The upper half of Stanislaus was nowhere to be seen! His lower half,
+however, was discovered by his sister convulsively pressed against the
+side of the droshky. In another moment this, too, would undoubtedly have
+disappeared, and the lower extremities would have gone in pursuit of the
+upper, had not Anno with admirable presence of mind effected a rescue.
+She tugged at her brother's coat-tails in the very nick of time, with
+the result that his whole body once again hove into view.
+
+Just then a bird sang its final song before retiring for the night, and
+Stanislaus, hot and trembling all over, shouted out: "What a hideous
+noise! I declare it quite frightened me"; whilst Anno shuddered and put
+her fingers in her ears. They once more abused the road; then the trees.
+"Great ugly things," they said; "they shut out all the light." And then
+they abused the driver for not looking out where he was going, and
+finally they began to abuse one another. Anno abused Stanislaus, because
+he had disarranged her hat and hair, and Stanislaus, Anno, because he
+couldn't hear all she said, and because what he did hear was silly. Then
+the Stygian darkness of the great pines grew; and the silence of wonder
+fell on the two quarrellers. On, on, on rolled the droshky, a monotonous
+rumble, rumble, that sounded very loud amid the intense hush that had
+suddenly fallen on the forest. Stanislaus and Anno grew drowsy; the cold
+night air, crowning their exertions of the day, induced sleep, and they
+were soon very much in the land of nods: Stanislaus with his head thrust
+back as far as it would go, and Anno with her head leaning slightly
+forward and her chin deeply rooted in the silvery recesses of her rich
+fur coat.
+
+The driver stopped for a moment. He had to attend to his lights, which,
+he reflected, were behaving in rather an odd manner. Then, scratching
+his head thoughtfully, he cracked his whip and drove hurriedly on. Once
+again, rumble, rumble, rumble; and no other sounds but far away echoes
+and the gentle cooing of a soft night breeze through the forked and
+ragged branches of the sad and stately pines. On, on, on, the light
+uncertain and the horses brisk. Suddenly the driver hears something--he
+strains his ears to catch the meaning of the sounds--a peculiar, quick
+patter, patter--coming from far away in the droshky's wake. There is
+something--he can't exactly tell what--in those sounds he doesn't like;
+they are human, and yet not human; they may proceed from some one
+running--some one tall and lithe, with an unusually long stride. They
+may--and he casts a shuddering look over his shoulder as the thought
+strikes him--they may be nothing human--they may be the patter of a
+wolf! A huge, gaunt, hungry wolf! an abnormally big wolf! a wolf with a
+gallop like that of a horse! The driver was new to these parts; he had
+but lately come from the Baron's establishment in St. Petersburg. He had
+never been in this wood after dark, and he had never seen a wolf save in
+the Zoological Gardens. The atmosphere now began to sharpen. From being
+merely cold it became positively icy, and muttering, "I never felt
+anything like this in St. Petersburg," the driver shrank into the depths
+of his furs, and tried to settle himself more comfortably in his seat.
+The horses, too, four in number, were strangers in Estonia, the Baron
+having only recently paid a heavy price for them in Nava on account of
+their beauty. Not that they were merely handsome; despite their small
+and graceful build, and the glossy sleekness of their coats, they were
+both strong and spirited, and could cover twenty-five versts without a
+pause. But now they, too, heard the sounds--there was no doubt of
+that--and felt the cold. At first they shivered, then whined, and then
+came to an abrupt halt; and then, without the slightest warning, tore
+the shifting tag and rag tight around them, and bounding forward, were
+off like the wind. Then, away in their rear, and plainly audible above
+the thunder of their hoofs, came a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry,
+which was almost instantly repeated, not once, but again and again.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno, who had been rudely awakened from their slumbers by
+the unusual behaviour of the horses, were now on the _qui vive_.
+
+"Good heavens! What's that?" they cried in chorus.
+
+"What's that, coachman?" shrieked Anno, digging the shivering driver in
+the back.
+
+"Volki, mistress, volki!" was the reply, and on flew the droshky faster,
+faster, faster!
+
+To Stanislaus and Anno the word "wolves" came as a stunning shock. All
+the tales they had ever heard of these ferocious beasts crowded their
+minds at once. Wolves! was it possible that those dreadful bogies of
+their childhood--those grim and awful creatures, grotesquely but none
+the less vividly portrayed in their imagination by horror-loving
+nurses--were actually close at hand! Supposing the brutes caught them,
+who would be eaten first? Anno, Stanislaus, or the driver? Would they
+devour them with their clothes on? If not, how would they get them off?
+Then, filled with morbid curiosity, they strained their ears and
+listened. Again--this time nearer, much nearer--came that cry, dismal,
+protracted, nerve-racking. Nor was that all, for they could now discern
+the pat-pat, pat-pat of footsteps--long, soft, loping footsteps, as of
+huge furry paws or naked human feet. However, they could see
+nothing--nothing but blackness, intensified by the feeble flickering of
+the droshky's lanterns.
+
+"Faster! drive faster!" Anno shouted, turning round and poking the
+coachman in the ribs with her umbrella. "Do you want us all to be
+eaten?"
+
+"I can't mistress, I can't!" the man expostulated; "the horses are
+outstripping the wind as it is. They can't go quicker." And the driver,
+consigning Stanislaus and his sister to the innermost recesses of hell,
+prayed to the Virgin to save him.
+
+Nearer and nearer drew the steps, and again a cry--a cry close behind
+them, perhaps fifty yards--fifty yards at the most. And as they were
+trying to locate it there burst into view a gigantic figure--nude and
+luminous, a figure that glowed like a glow-worm and bent slightly
+forward as it ran. It covered the ground with long, easy, swinging
+strides, without any apparent effort. In general form its body was like
+that of a man, saving that the limbs were longer and covered with short
+hair, and the feet and hands, besides being larger as a whole, had
+longer toes and fingers. Its head was partly human, partly lupine--the
+skull, ears, teeth, and eyes were those of a wolf, whilst the remaining
+features were those of a man. Its complexion was devoid of colour,
+startlingly white; its eyes green and lurid, its expression hellish.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno did not know what to make of it. Was it some
+terrible monstrosity that had escaped from a show, or something that was
+peculiar to the forest itself, something generated by the giant trees
+and dark, silent road? In their sublime terror they shrieked aloud, beat
+the air with their hands to ward it off, and finally left their seats to
+cling on to the back of the driver's box.
+
+But it came nearer, nearer, and nearer, until they were almost within
+reach of its arms. They read death in the glinting greenness of its eyes
+and in the flashing of its long bared teeth. The climax of their agony,
+they argued, could no longer be postponed. The thing had only to make a
+grab at them and they would die of horror--die even before it touched
+them. But this was not to be.
+
+They were still staring into the pale malevolent face drawing nearer and
+nearer, and wondering when the long twitching fingers would catch them
+by the throats, when the droshky with a mad swirl forward cleared the
+forest, and they found themselves gazing wildly into empty moonlit
+space, with no sign of their pursuer anywhere.
+
+An hour later they narrated their adventure to the Baron. Nothing could
+have exceeded his distress. "My dear friends!" he said, "I owe you a
+profound apology. I ought to have told my man to choose any other road
+rather than that through the forest, which is well known to be haunted.
+According to rumour, a werwolf--we have good reason to believe in
+werwolfs here--was killed there many years ago."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF
+
+
+As I have already stated, in some people lycanthropy is hereditary; and
+when it is not hereditary it may be acquired through the performance of
+certain of the rites ordained by Black Magic. For the present I can only
+deal with the more general features of these rites (which vary according
+to locality) and the conditions of mind essential to those who would
+successfully practise these rites. In the first place, it is necessary
+that the person desirous of acquiring the property of lycanthropy should
+be in earnest and a believer in those superphysical powers whose favour
+he is about to ask.
+
+Assuming we have such an individual he must, first of all, betake
+himself to a spot remote from the haunts of men. The powers to be
+petitioned are not to be found promiscuously--anywhere. They favour only
+such waste and solitary places as the deserts, woods, and mountain-tops.
+
+The locality chosen, our candidate must next select a night when the
+moon is new and strong.[56:1] He must then choose a perfectly level
+piece of ground, and on it, at midnight, he must mark, either with chalk
+or string--it really does not matter which--a circle of not less than
+seven feet in radius, and within this, and from the same centre, another
+circle of three feet in radius. Then, in the centre of this inner circle
+he must kindle a fire, and over the fire place an iron tripod containing
+an iron vessel of water. As soon as the water begins to boil the
+would-be lycanthropist must throw into it handfuls of any three of the
+following substances: Asafoetida, parsley, opium, hemlock, henbane,
+saffron, aloe, poppy-seed and solanum; repeating as he does so these
+words:--
+
+     "Spirits from the deep
+      Who never sleep,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits from the grave
+      Without a soul to save,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the trees
+      That grow upon the leas,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the air,
+      Foul and black, not fair,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Water spirits hateful,
+      To ships and bathers fateful,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of earthbound dead
+      That glide with noiseless tread,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of heat and fire,
+      Destructive in your ire,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of cold and ice,
+      Patrons of crime and vice,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Wolves, vampires, satyrs, ghosts!
+      Elect of all the devilish hosts!
+        I pray you send hither,
+        Send hither, send hither,
+        The great grey shape that makes men shiver!
+        Shiver, shiver, shiver!
+        Come! Come! Come!"
+
+The supplicant then takes off his vest and shirt and smears his body
+with the fat of some newly killed animal (preferably a cat), mixed with
+aniseed, camphor, and opium. Then he binds round his loins a girdle made
+of wolf's-skin, and kneeling down within the circumference of the first
+circle, waits for the advent of the Unknown. When the fire burns blue
+and quickly dies out, the Unknown is about to manifest itself; if it
+does not then actually appear it will make its presence felt.
+
+There is little consistency in the various methods of the spirit's
+advent: sometimes a deep unnatural silence immediately precedes it;
+sometimes crashes and bangs, groanings and shriekings, herald its
+approach. When it remains invisible its presence is indicated and
+accompanied by a sensation of abnormal cold and the most acute terror.
+It is sometimes visible in the guise of a huntsman--which is, perhaps,
+its most popular shape--sometimes in the form of a monstrosity, partly
+man and partly beast--and sometimes it is seen ill defined and only
+partially materialized. To what order of spirits it belongs is, of
+course, purely a matter of conjecture. I believe it to be some
+malevolent, superphysical, creative power, such as, in my opinion,
+participated largely in the creation of this and other planets. I do not
+believe it to be the Devil, because I do not believe in the existence of
+only one devil, but in countless devils. It is difficult to say to what
+extent the Unknown is believed to be powerful by those who approach it
+for the purpose of acquiring the gift of lycanthropy; but I am inclined
+to think that the majority of these, at all events, do not ascribe to it
+any supreme power, but regard it merely as a local spirit--the spirit
+of some particular wilderness or forest.
+
+Of course, it is quite possible that the property of werwolfery might be
+acquired by other than a direct personal communication with the Unknown,
+as, for example, by eating a wolf's brains, by drinking water out of a
+wolf's footprints, or by drinking out of a stream from which three or
+more wolves have been seen to drink; but as most of the stories I have
+heard of werwolfery acquired in this way are of a wild and improbable
+nature, I think there is little to be learned from the _modus operandi_
+they advocate. The following story, which I believe to be true in the
+main, was told me by a Dr. Broniervski, whom I met in Boulogne.
+
+"Ten years ago," my informant began, "I was engaged in a geological
+expedition in Montenegro. I left Cetinge in company with my escort,
+Dugald Dalghetty, a Dalmatian who had served me on many former
+occasions; but owing to an accident I was compelled to leave him behind
+at a village about thirty miles east of the capital. As it was
+absolutely necessary for me to have a guide, I chose a Montenegrin
+called Kniaz. Dalghetty warned me against him. 'Kniaz has the evil eye,'
+he said; 'he will bring misfortune on you. Choose some one else.'
+
+"Kniaz was certainly not particularly prepossessing. He was tall and
+angular, and pock-marked and sandy-haired; and his eyes had a peculiar
+cast--only a cast, of course, nothing more. To balance these detractions
+he was civil in his manners and extremely moderate in his terms.
+Dalghetty, faithful fellow, almost wept as he watched us depart. 'I
+shall never see you again,' he said. 'Never!'
+
+"Just outside the last cottage in the village we passed a gigantic,
+broad-shouldered man, clad in the usual clothes of frieze, a black
+skullcap, wide trousers, and tights from the knee to the ankle. Over his
+shoulders was a new white strookah, of which he seemed very proud;
+whilst he had a perfect armament of weapons--rifles, pistols,
+yatagan--polished up to the knocker--and cartouche-box. He was
+conversing with a girl at one of the windows, but turned as we came up
+to him and leered impudently at Kniaz. The sallow in Kniaz's cheeks
+turned to white, and the cast in his eyes became ten times more
+pronounced. But he said nothing--only drooped his head and shuffled a
+little closer to me.
+
+"For the rest of the day he spoke little; and I could tell from his
+expression and general air of dejection that he was still brooding over
+the incident. The following morning--we stayed the night in a wayside
+inn--Kniaz informed me that the route we had intended taking to
+Skaravoski--the town I meant to make the head quarters for my daily
+excursions--was blocked (a blood feud had suddenly been declared between
+two tribes), and that consequently we should have to go by some other
+way. I inquired who had told him and whether he was sure the information
+was correct. He replied that our host had given him the warning, and
+that the possibility of such an occurrence had been suggested to him
+before leaving Cetinge. 'But,' he added, 'there is no need to worry, for
+the other road, though somewhat wild and rough, is, in reality, quite as
+safe, and certainly a good league and a half shorter.' As it made no
+very great difference to me which way I went, I acquiesced. There was no
+reason to suspect Kniaz of any sinister motive--cases of treachery on
+the part of escorts are practically unknown in Montenegro--and if it
+were true that some of the tribes were engaged in a vendetta, then I
+certainly agreed that we could not give them too wide a berth. At the
+same time I could not help observing a strange innovation in Kniaz's
+character. Besides the sullenness that had laid hold of him since his
+encounter with the man and girl, he now exhibited a restless
+eagerness--his eyes were never still, his lips constantly moved, and I
+could frequently hear him muttering to himself as we trudged along. He
+asked me several times if I believed in the supernatural, and when I
+laughingly replied 'No, I am far too practical and level-headed,' he
+said 'Wait. We are now in the land of spirits. You will soon change your
+opinion.'
+
+"The country we were traversing was certainly forbidding--forbidding
+enough to be the hunting ground of legions of ferocious animals. But the
+supernatural! Bah! I flouted such an idea. All day we journeyed along a
+lofty ridge, from which, shortly before dusk, it became necessary to
+descend by a narrow and precipitous declivity, full of danger and
+difficulty. At the bottom we halted three or four hours, to wait for the
+moon, in a position sufficiently romantic and uncomfortable. A
+north-east wind, cold and biting, came whistling over the hills, and
+seemed to be sucked down into the hollow where we sat on the chilly
+stones. The moment we sighted the slightly depressed orb of the moon
+over the vast hill of rocks, and the Milky Way spanning the heavens with
+a brilliancy seen only in the East, we pushed on again. On, along a
+painfully rough and uneven track, flanked on either side by
+perpendicular masses of rock that reared themselves, black and frowning,
+like some huge ruined wall. On, till we eventually came to the end of
+the defile. Then an extraordinary scene burst upon us.
+
+"Whilst the irregular line of rocks continued close on our left, beyond
+it--glittering in the miraculously magnifying moonlight with more
+gigantic proportions than nature had afforded--was a huge pile of white
+rocks, looking like the fortifications of some vast fabulous city. There
+were yawning gateways flanked by bastions of great altitude; towers and
+pyramids; crescents and domes; and dizzy pinnacles; and castellated
+heights; all invested with the unearthly grandeur of the moon, yet
+showing in their wide breaches and indescribable ruin sure proofs that
+during a long course of ages they had been battered and undermined by
+rain, hurricane, and lightning, and all the mighty artillery of time.
+Piled on one another, and repeated over and over again, these strangely
+contorted rocks stretched as far as the eye could reach, sinking,
+however, as they receded, and leading the mind, though not the eye, down
+to the plain below, through which a turbid stream wound its way
+rebelliously, like some great twisting, twirling, silvery-scaled
+serpent.
+
+"It was into this gorge that Kniaz in a voice thrilling with excitement
+informed me we must plunge.
+
+"'It is called,' he explained to me, 'the haunted valley, and it is said
+to have been from time immemorial under the spell of the grey spirits--a
+species of phantasm, half man and half animal, that have the power of
+metamorphosing men into wild beasts.' Horses, he went on to inform me,
+showed the greatest reluctance to enter the valley, which was a sure
+proof that the place was in very truth phantom-ridden. I must say its
+appearance favoured that theory. The path by which we descended was
+almost perpendicular, and filled with shadows. Precipices hemmed us in
+on every side; and here and there a huge fragment of rock, standing like
+a petrified giant, its summit gleaming white in the moonbeams, barred
+our way.
+
+"On reaching the bottom we found ourselves exactly opposite the pile of
+white rocks, at the base of which roared the stream. Kniaz now declared
+that our best plan was to halt and bivouac here for the night. I
+expostulated, saying that I did not feel in the least degree tired, that
+the spot was far from comfortable, and that I preferred to push on.
+Kniaz then pleaded that he was too exhausted to proceed, and, in fact,
+whined to such an extent that in the end I gave way, and lying down
+under cover of a boulder, tried to imagine myself in bed. I did actually
+fall asleep, and awoke with the sensation of something crawling over my
+face. Sitting up, I looked around for Kniaz--he was nowhere to be seen.
+The oddness of his behaviour, his alternate talkativeness and
+sullenness, and the anxiety he had manifested to come by this route,
+made me at last suspicious. Had he any ulterior motive in leading me
+hither? What had become of him? Where was he? I got up and approached
+the margin of the stream, and then for the first time I felt frightened.
+The illimitable possibilities of that enormous mass of castellated rocks
+towering above me both quelled and fascinated me. Were these flickering
+shadows shadows, or--or had Kniaz, after all, spoken the truth when he
+said this valley was haunted? The moonlight rendered every object I
+looked upon so startlingly vivid, that not even the most trivial detail
+escaped my notice, and the more I scrutinized the more firmly the
+conviction grew on me that I was in a neighbourhood differing
+essentially from any spot I had hitherto visited. I saw nothing with
+which I had been formerly conversant. The few trees at hand resembled no
+growth of either the torrid, temperate, or northern frigid zones, and
+were altogether unlike those of the southern latitudes with which I was
+most familiar. The very rocks were novel in their mass, their colour,
+and their stratification; and the stream itself, utterly incredible as
+it may appear, had so little in common with the streams of other
+countries that I shrank away from it in alarm. I am at a loss to give
+any distinct idea of the nature of the water. I can only say it was not
+like ordinary water, either in appearance or behaviour. Even in the
+moonlight it was not colourless, nor was it of any one colour,
+presenting to the eye every variety of green and blue. Although it fell
+over stones and rocks with the same rapid descent as ordinary water, it
+made no sound, neither splash nor gurgle. Summoning up courage, I dipped
+my fingers in the stream; it was quite cold and limpid. The difference
+did not lie there. I was still puzzling over this phenomenon, still
+debating in my mind the possibility of the valley being haunted, when I
+heard a cry--a peculiarly ominous cry--human and yet animal. For a few
+seconds I was too overcome with fear to move. At last, however, having
+in some measure pulled myself together, I ventured cautiously in the
+direction of the noise, and after treading as lightly as I could over
+the rough and rocky soil for some couple of hundred yards, suddenly came
+to an abrupt standstill.
+
+"Kneeling beside the stream with its back turned to me was an
+extraordinary figure--a thing with a man's body and an animal's head--a
+dark, shaggy head with unmistakable prick ears. I gazed at it aghast.
+What was it? What was it doing? As I stared it bent down, lapped the
+water, and raising its head, uttered the same harrowing sound that had
+brought me thither. I then saw, with a fresh start of wonder, that its
+hands, which shone very white in the moonlight, were undergoing a
+gradual metamorphosis. I watched carefully, and first one finger, and
+then another, became amalgamated in a long, furry paw, armed with sharp,
+formidable talons.
+
+"I suppose that in my fear and astonishment I made some sound of
+sufficient magnitude to attract attention; anyhow, the creature at once
+swung round, and, with a snarl of rage, rushed savagely at me. Being
+unarmed, and also, I confess, unnerved, I completely lost my presence of
+mind, and not attempting to escape--though flight would have been
+futile, for I was nothing of a runner--shrieked aloud for help. The
+thing sprang at me, its jaws wide open, its eyes red with rage. I struck
+at it wildly, and have dim recollections of my puny blows landing on its
+face. It closed in on me, and gripping me tightly round the body with
+its sinewy arms, hurled me to the ground. My head came in violent
+contact with a stone, and I lost consciousness. On recovering my senses,
+I was immeasurably surprised to find Dalghetty sitting on a rock
+watching me, whilst close beside him was Kniaz, bloodstained and
+motionless.
+
+"Dalghetty explained the situation. 'Convinced that evil would befall
+you in the company of such a man,' he said, pointing to the figure at
+his feet, 'I determined to set out in pursuit of you. By a miracle,
+which I attribute to Our Lady, the effects of my accident suddenly wore
+off, and I felt absolutely well. I borrowed a horse, and, starting from
+Cetinge at nine this morning, reached the inn where you passed last
+night at eleven. There I learned the route you had taken, and leaving
+the horse behind--on such a road I was safer on my legs--I pressed on.
+The ground, being moist in places, revealed your footprints, and I had
+no difficulty at all in tracing you to the bottom of the declivity.
+There I was at sea for some moments, since the rocky soil was too hard
+to receive any impressions. But hearing the howl of some wild animal, I
+concluded you were attacked, and, guided by the sound, I arrived here to
+find a werwolf actually preparing to devour you. A bullet from my rifle
+speedily rendered the creature harmless, and a close inspection of it
+proved that my surmises were only too correct. It was none other than
+our friend here with the evil eye--Kniaz!'
+
+"'Kniaz a werwolf!' I ejaculated.
+
+"'Yes! he inveigled you here because he had made up his mind to drink
+the water of the enchanted stream, and so become metamorphosed from a
+man to a wild beast. His object in doing so was to destroy a young
+farmer who had stolen his sweetheart, and for whom he, as a man, was no
+match. However, he is harmless now, but it is a warning to you in future
+to trust no one who has the evil eye.'"
+
+Belief in the evil eye is everywhere prevalent in the East, and it is
+undoubtedly true that people who have certain peculiarities in their
+eyes, both with regard to expression, colour, and formation, are people
+to be avoided. If malevolently inclined, they invariably bring ill-luck
+on all who become acquainted with them. I have followed the careers of
+several people in whom I have noticed this baneful feature, and their
+histories have been one long tale of sin or sorrow--often both.
+
+But though the evil eye denotes an evil superphysical influence, the
+werwolf is not necessarily possessed of it. Sometimes a werwolf may be
+told by the long, straight, slanting eyebrows, which meet in an angle
+over the nose; sometimes by the hands, the third finger of which is a
+trifle the longest; or by the finger-nails, which are red,
+almond-shaped, and curved; sometimes by the ears, which are set rather
+low, and far back on their heads; and sometimes by a noticeably long,
+swinging stride, which is strongly suggestive of some animal. Either one
+or other of these features is always present in hereditary werwolves,
+and is also frequently developed in those people who become werwolves,
+either at the same time as or soon after they acquire the property.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[56:1] Psychic influences are demonstrated by the position of the
+planets. For instance, at a new moon, cusp of Seventh House, and
+cojoined with Saturn in opposition to Jupiter, sinister superphysical
+presences are much in evidence on the earth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM
+
+
+In the preceding chapter I touched on one or two modes of evoking the
+spirits that have it in their power to confer the property of
+lycanthropy; I now pass on to the question of exorcism in relation to
+werwolves.
+
+Is it possible to exorcize the evil power of metamorphosis possessed by
+the werwolf, or, as those would say who see in the werwolf, not the
+possession of a property, but a spirit, "to exorcize the evil spirit"?
+
+For my own part, and basing my opinion on my own experiences with other
+forms of the superphysical, with regard to the success of exorcism I am
+sceptical. I have been present when exorcism has been tried--tried on
+people supposed to be obsessed with demoniacal spirits, and tried on
+spontaneous psychic phenomena in haunted houses--and in both cases it
+has failed. Now, although, as I have said, I regard lycanthropy in the
+light of a property, and do not believe in the lycanthropist being
+possessed of a separate individual spirit, I am inclined to think, were
+exorcism efficacious at all, that it would take effect on werwolves,
+since the property of werwolfery is a gift which is, more or less,
+directly acquired from the malevolent spirits.
+
+But I am not only dubious as to the powers of exorcism generally, I am
+also dubious as to its effect on werwolves. I have come across a good
+many alleged cases of its having been successfully practised on
+werwolves, but in regard to these cases, the authority is not very
+reliable, nor the corroborative evidence strong.
+
+Nearly all the methods prescribed embrace the use of some potion; such,
+for example, as sulphur, asafœtida, and castoreum, mixed with clear
+spring water; or hypericum, compounded with vinegar--which two potions
+seem to have been (and to be still) the most favoured recipes for
+removing the devilish power.
+
+The ceremony of exorcism proceeded as follows: The werwolf was sprinkled
+three times with one of the above solutions, and saluted with the sign
+of the cross, or addressed thrice by his baptismal name, each address
+being accompanied by a blow on the forehead with a knife; or he was
+sprinkled, whilst at the same time his girdle was removed; or in lieu of
+being sprinkled, he had three drops of blood drawn from his chest, or
+was compelled to kneel in one spot for a great number of years.
+
+A full description of the practice and failure of exorcism was cited to
+me the other day in connexion with a comparatively recent happening in
+Asiatic Russia:--
+
+Tina Peroviskei, a wealthy young widow, who lived in St. Nicholas
+Street, Moscow--not a hundred yards from the house of Herr Schauman, the
+well-known German banker and horticulturist (every one in Russia has
+heard of the Schauman tulips)--met a gentleman named Ivan Baranoff at a
+friend's house, and, despite the warning of her brother, married him.
+
+Ivan Baranoff did not look more than thirty years of age. He was usually
+dressed in grey furs--a grey fur coat, grey fur leggings, and a grey fur
+cap. His features were very handsome--at least, so Tina thought--his
+hair was flaxen, glossy, and bright as a mirror; and his mouth, when
+open, displayed a most brilliant set of even, white teeth. Tina had
+three children by her first husband, and the fuss Ivan Baranoff made of
+them pleased her immensely. Their own father never evinced a greater
+anxiety for their welfare. Ivan brought them the most expensive toys and
+sweetmeats--particularly sweetmeats--and would insist on seeing for
+himself that they had plenty of rich, creamy milk, fresh eggs, and the
+best of butter.
+
+"You'll kill them with kindness," Tina often remonstrated. "They are too
+fat by half now."
+
+"They can't be too fat," Ivan would reply. "No one is too fat. I love to
+see rosy cheeks and stout limbs. Wait till you're in the country! Then
+you may talk about putting on flesh. The air there will fatten you even
+more than the food."
+
+"Then we shall burst, and there will be an end of us," Tina would
+laughingly say.
+
+But despite all this, despite the way in which he fondled and caressed
+them, the children involuntarily shrank away from Ivan; and on Tina
+angrily demanding the reason, they told her they could not help
+it--there was something in his bright eyes and touch that frightened
+them. When Tina's brothers and sisters heard of this, they upheld the
+children.
+
+"We are not in the least surprised," they said; "his eyes are cruel--so
+are his lips; and as for his eyebrows--those dark, straight eyebrows
+that meet in a point over the nose--why, every one knows what a bad sign
+that is!"
+
+But Tina grew so angry they had to desist. "You are jealous," she said
+to her brothers. "You envy him his looks and money." And to her sisters
+she said, "You only wish you could have had him yourselves. You know I
+love him already far more than I ever loved Rupert." (Rupert was her
+first husband.)
+
+And within a month or so of the marriage Tina left all her relatives in
+Moscow, and, accompanied by her children and dogs--some people hinted
+that Tina was fonder of her dogs than of her children--went with Ivan
+Baranoff to his ancestral home near Orsk.
+
+Though accustomed to the cold, Tina found the climate of Orsk almost
+more than she could bear. Her husband's house, which occupied an
+extremely solitary position on the confines of a gloomy forest, some few
+miles from the town, was a large, grey stone building full of dark
+winding passages and dungeon-like rooms. The furniture was scant, and
+the rooms, with the exception of those devoted to herself, her husband
+and the children, which were covered with crimson drugget, were
+carpetless. A more barren, inhospitable looking house could not be
+imagined, and the moment Tina entered it, her spirits sank to zero. The
+atmosphere of the place frightened her the most. It was not that it was
+merely forlorn and cheerless, but there was a something in it that
+reminded her of the smell of the animal houses in the Zoological Gardens
+in Moscow, and a something she could not analyse--a something which she
+concluded must be peculiar to the house. The children were very much
+upset. The sight of the dark entrance hall and wide, silent staircases,
+bathed in gloom, terrified them.
+
+"Oh, mother!" they cried, clutching hold of Tina Baranoff and dragging
+her back, "we can never live here. Take us away at once. Look at those
+things. Whatever are they?" And they pointed to the shadows--queerly
+shaped shadows--that lay in thick clusters on the stairs and all around
+them.
+
+Tina did not know what to say. Her own apprehensions and the only too
+obvious terror of the dogs, whom she had literally to drive across the
+threshold, and who whined and cringed at her feet, confirming the
+children's fears, made it impossible for her to check them. Moreover,
+since leaving Moscow the warnings of her friends and relations had often
+come back to her. Though Ivan had never ceased to be kind, his conduct
+roused her suspicions. During the journey, which he had insisted should
+be performed in a droshky, he halted every evening directly the moon
+became invisible, and used to disappear regularly between dusk and
+sunrise. He would never tell her where he went or attempt to explain the
+oddness of his conduct, but when pressed by her would merely say:
+
+"It is a habit. I always like to roam abroad in the night-time--it would
+be very bad for my health if I did not."
+
+And this was all Tina could get out of him. She noticed, too, what her
+blind infatuation had prevented her observing before, that there was a
+fierce expression in his eyes when he set out on these nocturnal
+rambles, and that on his return the corners of his mouth and his long
+finger-nails were always smeared with blood. Furthermore, she noticed
+that although he was concerned about the appetites of herself and the
+children, he ate very little cooked food himself--never vegetables or
+bread--and would often furtively put a raw piece of meat into his mouth
+when he thought no one was looking.
+
+Tina hoped that these irregularities would cease on their arrival at the
+château, but, on the contrary, they rather increased, and she became
+greatly perturbed.
+
+The second night after their arrival, when she had been in bed some time
+and was nearly asleep, Tina, between her half-closed eyelids, watched
+her husband get out of bed, stealthily open the window, and drop from
+the sill. Some hours later she was again aroused. She heard the growl of
+a wolf--and immediately afterwards saw Ivan's grey-clad head at the
+window. He came softly into the room, and as he tiptoed across the floor
+to the washstand, Tina saw splashes of blood on his face and coat,
+whilst it dripped freely from his finger-tips. In the morning the news
+was brought her by the children that one of her favourite dogs was
+dead--eaten by some wild animal, presumably a wolf. Tina's position now
+became painful in the extreme. She was more than suspicious of her
+husband, and had no one--saving her children--in whom she could confide.
+The house seemed to be under a ban; no one, not even a postman or
+tradesman, ever came near it, and with the exception of the two
+servants, whose silent, gliding movements and light glittering eyes
+filled both her and her children with infinite dread, she did not see a
+soul.
+
+On four consecutive nights one of her four dogs was killed, each in
+precisely the same manner; and on each of these consecutive nights Tina
+watched Ivan surreptitiously leave the house and return all
+bloodstained, and accompanied by the distant howl of wolves. And on the
+day following the death of each dog respectively, Tina noticed the grey
+glinting eyes of the two servants become more and more earnestly fixed
+on the children and herself. At meal-times the eyes never left her; she
+was conscious of their scrutiny at every mouthful she took; and when she
+passed them in the passages, she instinctively felt their gaze following
+her steadily till she was out of sight. Sometimes, hearing a stealthy
+breathing outside her room, she would quickly open the door, demanding
+who was there; and she invariably caught one or other of the servants
+slinking away disconcerted, but still peeping at her furtively from
+under his long pointed eyebrows. When she spoke to them they answered
+her in harsh, curiously discordant tones, and usually only in
+monosyllables; but she never heard them converse with one another save
+in whispers--always in whispers. The house was now full of shadows--and
+whispers. They haunted her even in her sleep. For the first two or three
+days her husband had been communicative; but he gradually grew more and
+more taciturn, until at last he rarely said anything at all. He merely
+watched her--watched her wherever she went, and whatever she did; and he
+watched the children--particularly the children--with the same
+expression, the same undefinable secretive expression that harmonized so
+well with the shadows and whispers. And it was this treatment--the
+treatment she now received from her husband--that made Tina appreciate
+the company of her children. Before, they had been quite a tertiary
+consideration--Ivan had come first; then the dogs; and lastly, Hilda,
+Olga, and Peter. But this order was at length reversed; and on the death
+of the last of her pets, Hilda, Olga and Peter stood first. She spent
+practically every minute of the day with them; and, despite the
+protestations of her husband, converted her dressing-room into a bedroom
+for them. The first evening of their removal to their new quarters, Tina
+sat and played with them till one after another they fell asleep from
+sheer exhaustion. Then she sat beside them and examined them curiously.
+Hilda, the eldest, was lying composed and orderly, with pale cheek and
+smooth hair, her limbs straight, her head slightly bent, the bedclothes
+unruffled upon the regularly heaving chest. How pretty Hilda looked, and
+how odd it was that she, Tina, had never noticed the beauty of the child
+before! Why, with her fair complexion, delicate features, and perfectly
+shaped arms and hands she would undoubtedly one day take all Moscow by
+storm; and every one would say, "Do you know who that lovely girl is?
+She is the daughter of Tina--Tina Baranoff. [She shuddered at the name
+Baranoff.] No wonder she is beautiful!"
+
+Tina turned from Hilda to Olga. What a contrast, but not an unpleasant
+one--for Olga was pretty, too, though in a different style. What a
+sight!--defying all order and bursting all bounds, flushed, tumbled and
+awry--the round arms tossed up, the rosy face flung back, the bedclothes
+pushed off, the pillow flung out, the nightcap one way, the hair
+another--all that was disorderly and lovely by night, all that was
+unruly and winning by day. Tina--dainty, elegant, perfumed, manicured
+Tina--bent over untidy little Olga and kissed her.
+
+Then she turned to Peter, and, unable to resist the temptation, tickled
+his toes and woke him. When she had at last sent him to sleep again, it
+was almost dinner-time; and she had barely got into her dress when one
+of the servants rapped at the door to say that the meal was ready. The
+house was very large, and Tina had to pass through two halls and down a
+long corridor before reaching the room where the dinner was served.
+Rather to her relief than otherwise, her husband did not put in an
+appearance, and a note from him informed her that he had unexpectedly
+been called away on business and would not be able to return till late
+the following day.
+
+Tina did not enjoy her dinner. The soup had rather a peculiar flavour,
+but she knew it was useless to make any comment. The servants either
+could not or would not understand, and Ivan invariably upheld them in
+everything they did. Unable to bear the man's eyes continually fixed on
+her, she told him not to wait, and hurried through the meal so as to get
+him out of the way, and be left for the rest of the evening in peace.
+The big wood fire appealed to Tina--it was the only thing in that part
+of the house that seemed to have any life--and she resolved to sit by
+it, and, perhaps, skim through a book. Tina seldom read--in Moscow, all
+her evenings were spent at cards. She remembered, however, that somebody
+had told her repeatedly, and emphatically, that she ought to read
+Tolstoy's "Resurrection," and she had actually brought it with her. Now
+she would wade through it. But whether it was the heat of the fire, or
+the lateness of the hour, or both, her senses grew more and more drowsy,
+and before she had begun to read, she fell asleep.
+
+She was, at length, partially awakened by a loud noise. At first her
+sleepy senses paid little attention and she dozed on. But again she was
+roused. A noise which grew louder and louder at last compelled her to
+shake off sleep, and starting up, she opened the door and looked into
+the passage. A few streaks of moonlight, streaming through an iron
+grating high up in the wall, enabled her to see a tall figure stealing
+softly along the corridor, with its back towards her. The thing was so
+extraordinary that for a moment or so she fancied she must still be
+dreaming; but the cold night air blowing freely in her face speedily
+assured her that what she saw was grim reality. The thing was a
+monstrosity, a hideous hybrid of man and beast, and as she gazed at it,
+too horror-stricken to move, a second and third form exactly similar to
+it crept out from among the shadows against the wall and joined it. And
+Tina, yielding to a sudden fascination, followed in their wake. In this
+fashion they crossed the hall and ascended the staircase, Tina keeping
+well behind them. She knew where they were aiming for, and any little
+doubt that she might have had was set at rest, when they turned into the
+passage leading to her bedroom. A moaning cry of fear from one of the
+children told her that they, too, knew by intuition of their coming
+danger. Tina was now in an agony of mind as to what to do for the best.
+That the intention of these hideous creatures--be they what they
+might--phantasms or things of flesh and blood--was sinister, she had not
+the slightest doubt; but how could she prevent them getting at her
+children? The most she could do would be to shout to Hilda and tell her
+to lock the two doors. But would that keep them out? She opened her
+mouth and jerked out "Hilda!" She tried again, but her throat had
+completely dried up, and she could not articulate another syllable. The
+sound, however, though faint, had been sufficient to attract the
+attention of the hindermost creature. It turned, and the light from the
+moon, coming through the half-open door of her bedroom, shone on its
+glittering eyes and white teeth. It sprang towards her. With one
+convulsive bound Tina cleared the threshold of a room immediately behind
+her, dashed the door to--locked it--barred it--flung a chair against it;
+and stood in an agony, for which no words exist. She seemed to see, all
+in a moment, herself safe, and her children--not a door closed between
+them and those dreadful jaws! She then became stupefied with terror, and
+a strange, dinning sound, like the pulsation of her heart, filled her
+ears and shut out every sense.
+
+"It is a devil! a devil!" she repeated mechanically; and then, forcing
+herself out of the trance-like feeling that oppressed her, she combated
+with the cowardice that prevented her rushing out--if only to die in an
+attempt to save her children. She had not realized till then that it was
+possible to care for them more even--much more even--than she had cared
+for her dogs. She placed one hand on the lock, and looked round for some
+weapon of defence. There was not a thing she could use--not a stanchion
+to the window, not a rod to the bed. And even if there had been, how
+futile in her puny grip! She glanced at her tiny white fingers with
+their carefully trimmed and polished nails, and smiled--a grim smile of
+irony. Then she placed her ear against the panels of the door and
+listened--and from the other side came the sound of heavy panting and
+the stealthy movement of hands. Suddenly a scream rang out, so clear and
+vibrating, so full of terror, that her heart stood still and her blood
+congealed. It was Hilda! Hilda shrieking "Mother!" There it was again,
+"Mother! Mother! Help! Help!" Then a series of savage snarls and growls
+and more shrieks--the combined shrieks of all three children. Shrieks
+and growls were then mingled together in one dreadful, hideous
+pandemonium, which all of a sudden ceased, and was succeeded by the loud
+crunching and cracking of bones. At last that, too, ceased, and Tina
+heard footsteps rapidly approaching her door. For a moment the room and
+everything in it swam round her. She felt choked; the dinning in her
+ears came again, it beat louder and louder and completely paralysed her.
+A crash on the door panel, however, abruptly restored her faculties, and
+the idea of escaping by the window for the first time entered her mind.
+If her husband could use the window as a means of exit, why couldn't
+she? Not a second was to be lost--the creatures outside were now
+striving their utmost to get in. It was the work of a moment to throw
+open the window, and almost before she knew she had opened it, she found
+herself standing on the ground beneath. The night had grown darker; she
+could not see the path; she knew that she was losing time, and yet that
+all depended on her haste; she felt fevered with impatience, yet torpid
+with terror. At length she disengaged herself from the broken, uneven
+soil on to which she had dropped, and struggled forward. On and on she
+went, not knowing where her next step would land her, and dreading every
+moment to hear the steps of her pursuers. The darkness of the night
+favoured her, and by dodging in and out the bushes and never keeping to
+the same track, although still keeping a forward course, she
+successfully eluded her enemies, whose hoarse cries gradually grew
+fainter and fainter. By good luck she reached the high road, which
+eventually brought her to Orsk; and there she sought shelter in a hotel.
+In the morning, on learning from the landlord that a friend of hers, a
+Colonel Majendie, was in the town, Tina sought him out, and into his
+sympathizing ears poured the story of her adventures.
+
+Now it so happened that a priest of the name of Rappaport, a friend of
+the Colonel's, came in before Tina had finished her story, and on being
+told what had happened, declared that Ivan Baranoff and his servants had
+long been suspected of being werwolves. He then begged that before
+anything was done to them he might be allowed to try his powers of
+exorcism. The Colonel ridiculed the idea, but in the end was persuaded
+to postpone his visit to the château till the evening, and to go there
+with an escort, a quartette of his most trusted soldiers, and
+accompanied by his friend the Rev. Father Rappaport. Accordingly, at
+about nine o'clock the party set out, and, on arriving at the house,
+found it in total darkness and apparently deserted.
+
+But they had not waited long before a series of savage growls from the
+adjacent thicket put them on their guard, and almost immediately
+afterwards three werwolves stalked across the path and prepared to enter
+the house. At a word from the Colonel the soldiers leaped forward, and
+after a most desperate scuffle, in which they were all more or less
+badly mauled, succeeded in securing their quarry. In more civilized
+parts of the country the police would have been called in, but here,
+where that good old law, "Might is right," still held good, a man in the
+Colonel's position could do whatever he deemed most expedient, and
+Colonel Majendie had made up his mind that justice should no longer be
+delayed. The château had borne an ill reputation for generations. From
+time immemorial Ivan Baranoff's ancestors had been suspected of
+lycanthropy, and this last deed of the family was their crowning
+atrocity.
+
+"You may exorcize the devils first," the Colonel grimly remarked to the
+priest, wiping the blood off his sleeves. "We will hang and quarter the
+brutes afterwards."
+
+To this the holy Father willingly agreed, for he did not care what
+happened so long as his exorcism was successful.
+
+The rites that were performed in connexion with this ceremony (and which
+I understand are those most commonly observed in exorcizing all manner
+of evil spirits) were as follows:--
+
+A circle of seven feet radius was drawn on the ground in white chalk. At
+the centre of the circle were inscribed, in yellow chalk, certain
+magical figures representing Mercury, and about them was drawn, in white
+chalk, a triangle within a circle of three feet radius--the centre of
+the circle being the same as that of the outer circle. Within this inner
+circle were then placed the three captive werwolves. It would be well to
+explain here that in exorcism, as well as in the evocation of spirits,
+great attention must be paid to the position of the stars, as astrology
+exercises the greatest influence on the spirit world. The present
+occasion, the reverend Father pointed out, was specially favourable for
+the casting out of devils, since from 8.32 p.m. to 9.16 p.m. was under
+the dominion of the great angel Mercury--the most bitter opponent of
+all evil spirits; that is to say, Mercury was in 17° ♊. on the cusp
+of Seventh House, slightly to south of due west.
+
+     ☽ going to ♂ with ☿ in 14° ♊.
+     ☿ to ♂ ♆ ☿ 130° ♄
+
+Round the outer circle the reverend Father now proceeded to place, at
+equal intervals, hand-lamps, burning olive oil. He then erected a rude
+altar of wood, about a foot to the southeast of the circumference of the
+inner circle. Exactly opposite this altar, and about 1-1/2 feet to the
+far side of the circumference of the inner circle, he ordered the
+soldiers to build a fire, and to place over it a tripod and pot, the
+latter containing two pints of pure spring water.
+
+He then prepared a mixture consisting of these ingredients:--
+
+     2 drachms of sulphur.
+     1/2 oz. of castoreum.
+     6 drachms of opium.
+     3 drachms of asafœtida.
+     1/2 oz. of hypericum.
+     3/4 oz. of ammonia.
+     1/2 oz. of camphor.
+
+When this was thoroughly mixed he put it in the water in the pot, adding
+to it a portion of a mandrake root, a live snake, two live toads in
+linen bags, and a fungus. He then bound together, with red tape, a wand
+consisting of three sprigs taken, respectively, from an ash, birch, and
+white poplar.
+
+He next proceeded to pray, kneeling in front of the altar; and continued
+praying till the unearthly cries of the toads announced the fact that
+the water, in which they were immersed, was beginning to boil. Slowly
+getting up and crossing himself, he went to the fire, and dipping a cup
+in the pot, solemnly approached the werwolves, and slashing them
+severely across the head with his wand, dashed in their faces the
+seething liquid, calling out as he did so: "In the name of Our Blessed
+Lady I command thee to depart. Black, evil devils from hell, begone!
+Begone! Again I say, Begone!" He repeated this three times to the
+vociferous yells of the smarting werwolves, who struggled so frantically
+that they succeeded in bursting their bonds, and, leaping to their feet,
+endeavoured to escape into the bushes. The soldiers at once rose in
+pursuit and the priest was left alone. He had got rid of the flesh and
+blood, and he presumed he had got rid of the devils. But that remained
+to be proved.
+
+In the chase that ensued one of the werwolves was shot, and,
+simultaneously with death, metamorphosis into the complete form of a
+huge grey wolf took place. The other two eluded their pursuers for some
+time, but were eventually tracked owing to the discovery of the
+half-eaten remains of an old woman and two children in a cave. True to
+their lupine natures,[91:1] they showed no fight when cornered, and a
+couple of well-directed bullets put an end to their existence--the same
+metamorphosis occurring in their case as in the case of their companion.
+With the death of the three werwolves the château, one would naturally
+have thought, might have emerged from its ban. But no such thing. It
+speedily acquired a reputation for being haunted.
+
+And that it was haunted--haunted not only by werwolves but by all sorts
+of ghastly phantasms--I have no doubt.
+
+I was told, not long ago, that Tina, whose property it became, pulled it
+down, and that another house, replete with every modern luxury--but
+equally haunted[91:2]--now marks the site of the old château.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[91:1] The wolf and puma, alone among savage animals, give in directly
+they are brought to bay.
+
+[91:2] The hauntings in houses are often due to something connected with
+the ground on which the houses are built.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES
+
+
+It is commonly known that there were once wolves in Great Britain and
+Scotland. Whilst history tells us of a king who tried to get rid of them
+by offering so much for every wolf's head that was brought to him, we
+read in romance how Llewellyn slew Gelert, the faithful hound that,
+having slain the wolf, saved his infant's life; and tradition has handed
+down to us many other stories of them. But the news that werwolves, too,
+once flourished in these climes will come as a surprise to many.
+
+Yet Halliwell, quoting from a Bodleian MS., says: "Ther ben somme that
+eten chyldren and men, and eteth noon other flesh fro that tyme that
+thei be a-charmed with mannys flesh for rather thei wolde be deed; and
+thei be cleped werewolfes for men shulde be war of them."
+
+Nor is this the only reference to them in ancient chronicles, for
+Gervase of Tilbury, in his "Otia Imperiala," writes:--
+
+"Vidimus enim frequenter in Anglia per lunationes homines in lupos
+mutari, quod hominum genus gerulphos Galli nominant, Angli vero
+were-wulf dicunt." And Richard Verstegan, in his "Restitution of Decayed
+Intelligence," 1605, says: "The were-wolves are certain sorcerers who
+having anointed their bodies with an ointment which they make by the
+instinct of the devil, and putting on a certain enchanted girdle, do not
+only unto the view of others seem as wolves, but to their own thinking
+have both the shape and nature of wolves, so long as they wear the said
+girdle; and they do dispose themselves as very wolves in worrying and
+killing, and eating most of human creatures."
+
+In my investigations of haunted houses and my psychical research work
+generally, I have come across much that I believe to be good evidence in
+support of the testimony of these writers. For instance, in localities
+once known to have been the favourite haunts of wolves, I have met
+people who have informed me they have seen phantasms, in shape half
+human and half beast, that might well be the earth-bound spirits of
+werwolves.
+
+A Miss St. Denis told me she was once staying on a farm, in
+Merionethshire, where she witnessed a phenomenon of this class. The
+farm, though some distance from the village, was not far off the railway
+station, a very diminutive affair, with only one platform and a mere box
+that served as a waiting-room and booking-office combined. It was,
+moreover, one of those stations where the separate duties of
+station-master, porter, booking-clerk, and ticket-collector are
+performed by one and the same person, and where the signal always
+appears to be down. As the platform commanded the only paintable view in
+the neighbourhood, Miss St. Denis often used to resort there with her
+sketch-book. On one occasion she had stayed rather later than usual, and
+on rising hurriedly from her camp-stool saw, to her surprise, a figure
+which she took to be that of a man, sitting on a truck a few yards
+distant, peering at her. I say to her surprise, because, excepting on
+the rare occasion of a train arriving, she had never seen anyone at the
+station besides the station-master, and in the evening the platform was
+invariably deserted. The loneliness of the place was for the first time
+brought forcibly home to her. The station-master's tiny house was at
+least some hundred yards away, and beyond that there was not another
+habitation nearer than the farm. On all sides of her, too, were black,
+frowning precipices, full of seams and fissures and inequalities,
+showing vague and shadowy in the fading rays of the sun. Here and there
+were the huge, gaping mouths of gloomy slate quarries that had long been
+disused, and were now half full of foul water. Around them the earth was
+heaped with loose fragments of rock which had evidently been detached
+from the principal mass and shivered to pieces in the fall. A few trees,
+among which were the black walnut, the slippery elm, and here and there
+an oak, grew among the rocks, and attested by their dwarfish stature the
+ungrateful soil in which they had taken root. It was not an exhilarating
+scene, but it was one that had a peculiar fascination for Miss St.
+Denis--a fascination she could not explain, and which she now began to
+regret. The darkness had come on very rapidly, and was especially
+concentrated, so it seemed to her, round the spot where she sat, and she
+could make nothing out of the silent figure on the truck, save that it
+had unpleasantly bright eyes and there was something queer about it. She
+coughed to see if that would have any effect, and as it had none she
+coughed again. Then she spoke and said, "Can you tell me the time,
+please?" But there was no reply, and the figure still sat there staring
+at her. Then she grew uneasy and, packing up her things, walked out of
+the station, trying her best to look as if nothing had occurred. She
+glanced over her shoulder; the figure was following her. Quickening her
+pace, she assumed a jaunty air and whistled, and turning round again,
+saw the strange figure still coming after her. The road would soon be at
+its worst stage of loneliness, and, owing to the cliffs on either side
+of it, almost pitch dark. Indeed, the spot positively invited murder,
+and she might shriek herself hoarse without the remotest chance of
+making herself heard. To go on with this _outré_ figure so unmistakably
+and persistently stalking her, was out of the question. Screwing up
+courage, she swung round, and, raising herself to her full height,
+cried: "What do you want? How dare you?"--She got no further, for a
+sudden spurt of dying sunlight, playing over the figure, showed her it
+was nothing human, nothing she had ever conceived possible. It was a
+nude grey thing, not unlike a man in body, but with a wolf's head. As it
+sprang forward, its light eyes ablaze with ferocity, she instinctively
+felt in her pocket, whipped out a pocket flash-light, and pressed the
+button. The effect was magical; the creature shrank back, and putting
+two paw-like hands in front of its face to protect its eyes, faded into
+nothingness.
+
+She subsequently made inquiries, but could learn nothing beyond the
+fact that, in one of the quarries close to the place where the phantasm
+had vanished, some curious bones, partly human and partly animal, had
+been unearthed, and that the locality was always shunned after dusk.
+Miss St. Denis thought as I did, that what she had seen might very well
+have been the earth-bound spirit of a werwolf.
+
+The case of another haunting of this nature was related to me last year.
+A young married couple of the name of Anderson, having acquired, through
+the death of a relative, a snug fortune, resolved to retire from
+business and spend the rest of their lives in indolence and ease. Being
+fond of the country, they bought some land in Cumberland, at the foot of
+some hills, far away from any town, and built on it a large two-storied
+villa.
+
+They soon, however, began to experience trouble with their servants, who
+left them on the pretext that the place was lonely, and that they could
+not put up with the noises that they heard at night. The Andersons
+ridiculed their servants, but when their children remarked on the same
+thing they viewed the matter more seriously. "What are the noises like?"
+they inquired. "Wild animals," Willie, the eldest child, replied. "They
+come howling round the window at night and we hear their feet patter
+along the passage and stop at our door." Much mystified, Mr. and Mrs.
+Anderson decided to sit up with the children and listen. They did so,
+and between two and three in the morning were much startled by a noise
+that sounded like the growling of a wolf--Mr. Anderson had heard wolves
+in Canada--immediately beneath the window. Throwing open the window, he
+peered out; the moon was fully up and every stick and stone was plainly
+discernible; but there was now no sound and no sign of any animal. When
+he had closed the window the growling at once recommenced, yet when he
+looked again nothing was to be seen. After a while the growling ceased,
+and they heard the front door, which they had locked before coming
+upstairs, open, and the footsteps of some big, soft-footed animal ascend
+the stairs. Mr. Anderson waited till the steps were just outside the
+room and then flung open the door, but the light from his acetylene lamp
+revealed a passage full of moonbeams--nothing else.
+
+He and his wife were now thoroughly mystified. In the morning they
+explored the grounds, but could find no trace of footmarks, nothing to
+indicate the nature of their visitant. It was now close on Christmas,
+and as the noises had not been heard for some time, it was hoped that
+the disturbances would not occur again. The Andersons, like all modern
+parents, made idols of their children. They never did wrong, nothing was
+too good for them, and everything they wanted they had. At Christmas,
+perhaps, their authority was more particularly in evidence; at any rate,
+it was then that the greatest care was taken that the menu should be in
+strict accordance with their instructions. "What shall Santa Claus bring
+you this time, my darlings?" Mr. Anderson asked, a week or so before the
+great day arrived; and Willie, aged six, at once cried out: "What a fool
+you are, daddy! It is all tosh about old Claus, there's no such person!"
+
+"Wait and see!" Mr. Anderson meekly replied. "You mark my words, he will
+come into your room on Christmas Eve laden with presents."
+
+"I don't believe it!" Willie retorted. "You told us that silly tale last
+year and I never saw any Claus!"
+
+"He came when you were asleep, dearie," Mrs. Anderson ventured to
+remark.
+
+"Well! I'll keep awake this time!" Willie shouted.
+
+"And we'll take the presents first and pinch old Claus afterwards,"
+Violet Evelyn, the second child, joined in.
+
+"And I'll prick his towsers wif pins!" Horace, aged three and a half,
+echoed. "I don't care nothink for old Santa Claus!" and he pulled a long
+nose in the manner his doting father had taught him.
+
+Christmas Eve came at last--a typical old-fashioned Christmas with heaps
+of snow on the ground and frost on the window-panes and trees. The
+Andersons' house was warm and comfortable--for once in a way the windows
+were shut--and enormous fires blazed merrily away in the grates. Whilst
+the children spent most of the day viewing the good things in the larder
+and speculating how much they could eat of each, and which would taste
+the nicest, Mr. Anderson rehearsed in full costume the rôle of Santa
+Claus. He had an enormous sack full of presents--everything the children
+had demanded--and he meant to enter their room with it on his shoulder
+at about twelve o'clock.
+
+Tea-time came, and during the interval between that meal and supper all
+hands--even Horace's--were at work, decorating the hall and staircases
+with holly and mistletoe. After supper "Good King Wencelas," "Noël," and
+one or two other carols were sung, and the children then decided to go
+to bed.
+
+It was then ten o'clock; and exactly two hours later their father,
+elaborately clad as Santa Claus, and staggering, in the orthodox
+fashion, beneath a load of presents, shuffled softly down the passage
+leading to their room. The snow had ceased falling, the moon was out,
+and the passage flooded with a soft, phosphorescent glow that threw into
+strong relief every minute object. Mr. Anderson had got half-way along
+it when on his ears there suddenly fell a faint sound of yelping! His
+whole frame thrilled and his mind reverted to the scenes of his
+youth--to the prairies in the far-off West, where, over and over again,
+he had heard these sounds, and his faithful Winchester repeater had
+stood him in good service. Again the yelping--this time nearer. Yes! it
+was undoubtedly a wolf; and yet there was an intonation in that yelping
+not altogether wolfish--something Mr. Anderson had never heard before,
+and which he was consequently at a loss to define. Again it rang
+out--much nearer this time--much more trying to the nerves, and the cold
+sweat of fear burst out all over him. Again--close under the wall of the
+house--a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry that ended in a whine so
+piercing that Mr. Anderson's knees shook. One of the children, Violet
+Evelyn he thought, stirred in her bed and muttered: "Santa Claus! Santa
+Claus!" and Mr. Anderson, with a desperate effort, staggered on under
+his load and opened their door. The clock in the hall beneath began to
+strike twelve. Santa Claus, striving hard to appear jolly and genial,
+entered the room, and a huge grey, shadowy figure entered with him. A
+slipper thrown by Willie whizzed through the air, and, narrowly missing
+Santa Claus, fell to the ground with a clatter. There was then a deathly
+silence, and Violet and Horace, raising their heads, saw two strange
+figures standing in the centre of the room staring at one another--the
+one figure they at once identified by the costume. He was Santa
+Claus--but not the genial, rosy-cheeked Santa Claus their father had
+depicted. On the contrary, it was a Santa Claus with a very white face
+and frightened eyes--a Santa Claus that shook as if the snow and ice had
+given him the ague. But the other figure--what was it? Something very
+tall, far taller than their father, nude and grey, something like a man
+with the head of a wolf--a wolf with white pointed teeth and horrid,
+light eyes. Then they understood why it was that Santa Claus trembled;
+and Willie stood by the side of his bed, white and silent. It is
+impossible to say how long this state of things would have lasted, or
+what would eventually have happened, had not Mrs. Anderson, anxious to
+see how Santa Claus was faring, and rather wondering why he was gone so
+long, resolved herself to visit the children's room. As the light from
+her candle appeared on the threshold of the room the thing with the
+wolf's head vanished.
+
+"Why, whatever were you all doing?" she began. Then Santa Claus and the
+children all spoke at once--whilst the sack of presents tumbled unheeded
+on the floor. Every available candle was soon lighted, and mother and
+father and Willie, Violet and Horace all spent the remainder of that
+night in close company. On the following day it was proposed, and
+carried unanimously, that the house should be put up for sale. This was
+done at the earliest opportunity, and fortunately for the Andersons
+suitable tenants were soon found. Before leaving, however, Mr. Anderson
+made another and more exhaustive search of the grounds, and discovered,
+in a cave in the hills immediately behind the house, a number of bones.
+Amongst them was the skull of a wolf, and lying close beside it a human
+skeleton, with only the skull missing. Mr. Anderson burnt the bones,
+hoping that by so doing he would rid the house of its unwelcome visitor;
+and, as his tenants so far have not complained, he believes that the
+hauntings have actually ceased.
+
+A lady whom I met at Tavistock some years ago told me that she had seen
+a phantasm, which she believed to be that of a werwolf, in the Valley of
+the Doones, Exmoor. She was walking home alone, late one evening, when
+she saw on the path directly in front of her the tall grey figure of a
+man with a wolf's head. Advancing stealthily forward, this creature was
+preparing to spring on a large rabbit that was crouching on the ground,
+apparently too terror-stricken to move, when the abrupt appearance of a
+stag bursting through the bushes in a wild state of stampede caused it
+to vanish. Prior to this occurrence, my informant had never seen a
+ghost, nor had she, indeed, believed in them; but now, she assures me,
+she is quite convinced as to their existence, and is of the opinion that
+the sub-human phenomenon she had witnessed was the spirit of one of
+those werwolves referred to by Gervase of Tilbury and Richard
+Verstegan--werwolves who were still earthbound owing to their
+incorrigible ferocity.
+
+This opinion I can readily endorse, adding only that, considering the
+number of werwolves there must once have been in England, it is a matter
+of some surprise to me that phantasms are not more frequently seen.
+
+Here is another account of this type of haunting narrated to me some
+summers ago by a Mr. Warren, who at the time he saw the phenomenon was
+staying in the Hebrides, which part of the British Isles is probably
+richer than any other in spooks of all sorts.
+
+"I was about fifteen years of age at the time," Mr. Warren said, "and
+had for several years been residing with my grandfather, who was an
+elder in the Kirk of Scotland. He was much interested in geology, and
+literally filled the house with fossils from the pits and caves round
+where we dwelt. One morning he came home in a great state of excitement,
+and made me go with him to look at some ancient remains he had found at
+the bottom of a dried-up tarn. 'Look!' he cried, bending down and
+pointing at them, 'here is a human skeleton with a wolf's head. What do
+you make of it?' I told him I did not know, but supposed it must be some
+kind of monstrosity. 'It's a werwolf!' he rejoined, 'that's what it is.
+A werwolf! This island was once overrun with satyrs and werwolves! Help
+me carry it to the house.' I did as he bid me, and we placed it on the
+table in the back kitchen. That evening I was left alone in the house,
+my grandfather and the other members of the household having gone to the
+kirk. For some time I amused myself reading, and then, fancying I heard
+a noise in the back premises, I went into the kitchen. There was no one
+about, and becoming convinced that it could only have been a rat that
+had disturbed me, I sat on the table alongside the alleged remains of
+the werwolf, and waited to see if the noises would recommence. I was
+thus waiting in a listless sort of way, my back bent, my elbows on my
+knees, looking at the floor and thinking of nothing in particular, when
+there came a loud rat, tat, tat of knuckles on the window-pane. I
+immediately turned in the direction of the noise and encountered, to my
+alarm, a dark face looking in at me. At first dim and indistinct, it
+became more and more complete, until it developed into a very perfectly
+defined head of a wolf terminating in the neck of a human being. Though
+greatly shocked, my first act was to look in every direction for a
+possible reflection--but in vain. There was no light either without or
+within, other than that from the setting sun--nothing that could in any
+way have produced an illusion. I looked at the face and marked each
+feature intently. It was unmistakably a wolf's face, the jaws slightly
+distended; the lips wreathed in a savage snarl; the teeth sharp and
+white; the eyes light green; the ears pointed. The expression of the
+face was diabolically malignant, and as it gazed straight at me my
+horror was as intense as my wonder. This it seemed to notice, for a
+look of savage exultation crept into its eyes, and it raised one hand--a
+slender hand, like that of a woman, though with prodigiously long and
+curved finger-nails--menacingly, as if about to dash in the window-pane.
+Remembering what my grandfather had told me about evil spirits, I
+crossed myself; but as this had no effect, and I really feared the thing
+would get at me, I ran out of the kitchen and shut and locked the door,
+remaining in the hall till the family returned. My grandfather was much
+upset when I told him what had happened, and attributed my failure to
+make the spirit depart to my want of faith. Had he been there, he
+assured me, he would soon have got rid of it; but he nevertheless made
+me help him remove the bones from the kitchen, and we reinterred them in
+the very spot where we had found them, and where, for aught I know to
+the contrary, they still lie."
+
+The peasant class in all parts of the British Isles are so sensitive to
+ridicule, and so suspicious of being "got at," that it is very difficult
+to extract any information from them with regard to the superphysical.
+At first they invariably deny their belief in spirits, and it is only by
+dint of the utmost persuasion unaccompanied by any air of
+patronage--which the Celtic peasant detests--that one is finally able to
+loosen their tongues as to uncanny occurrences, hauntings, and rumours
+of hauntings, in their neighbourhood. In eliciting information of this
+nature, I have, I think, by reason of my tactful manner, often succeeded
+where others have failed.
+
+In a village at the foot of Ben MacDhui a shepherd of the name of Colin
+Graeme informed me that he remembered hearing his grandfather, who died
+at the age of ninety, speak of an old man called Tam McPherson whom
+he--the grandfather--had known intimately as a boy. This old man, so
+Colin's grandfather said, had perfect recollections of a man in the
+village called Saunderson being suspected of being a werwolf. He used to
+describe Saunderson as "a mon with evil, leerie eyes, and eyebrows that
+met in a point over his nose"; and went on to say that Saunderson lived
+in a cave in the mountains where his forefathers, also suspected of
+being werwolves, had lived before him, and that when on
+his--Saunderson's--death this cave was visited by some of the villagers,
+a quantity of queer bones--some human and some belonging to wolves--were
+discovered lying in corners, partially covered with stones and loose
+earth.
+
+I have heard similar stories in Wales, and have been conducted to one or
+two spots, one near Iremadac and the other on the Epynt Hills, where,
+local tradition still has it, werwolves once flourished.
+
+According to legend St. Patrick turned Vereticus, a Welsh king, into a
+wolf, whilst the werwolf daughter of a Welsh prince was said to have
+destroyed her father's enemies during her nocturnal metamorphoses. In
+Ireland, too, are many legends of werwolves; and it is said of at least
+some half-dozen of the old families that at some period--as the result
+of a curse--each member of the clan was doomed to be a wolf for seven
+years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE
+
+
+In no country has the werwolf flourished as in France, where it is known
+as the _loup garou_; where it has existed in all parts, in every age,
+and where it is even yet to be found in the more remote districts. Hence
+one could fill a dozen volumes with the stories, many of them well
+authenticated, of French werwolves. As far back as the sixth century we
+hear of them infesting the woods and valleys of Brittany and Burgundy,
+the Landes, and the mountainous regions of the Côte d'Or and the
+Cevennes.
+
+Occasionally a werwolf would break into a convent and make its meal off
+the defenceless nuns; occasionally it would select for its repast some
+nice fat abbot waddling unsuspectingly home to his monastery.
+
+Not all these werwolves were evilly disposed people; many, on the
+contrary, were exceedingly virtuous, and owed their metamorphosis to
+the vengeance of witch or wizard. When this was the case their piety
+sometimes prevailed to such an extent that not even metamorphosis into
+wolfish form could render it ineffective; and there are instances where
+werwolves of this type have not only refrained from taking human life,
+but have actually gone out of their way to protect it. Of such
+instances, well authenticated, probably none would be more remarkable
+than those I am about to narrate.
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE ABBOT GILBERT, OF THE ARC MONASTERY, ON THE BANKS OF THE
+LOIRE
+
+Gilbert had been to a village fair, where the good vintage and hot sun
+combined had proved so trying that on his way home, through a dense and
+lonely forest, he had gone to sleep and been thrown from his horse. In
+falling he had bruised and cut himself so prodigiously that the blood
+from his wounds attracted to the spot a number of big wild cats. Taken
+at a strong disadvantage, and without any weapons to defend himself,
+Gilbert would soon have fallen a victim to the ferocity of these savage
+creatures had it not been for the opportune arrival of a werwolf. A
+desperate battle at once ensued, in which the werwolf eventually gained
+the victory, though not without being severely lacerated.
+
+Despite Gilbert's protestations, for he was loath to be seen in such
+strange company, the werwolf accompanied him back to the monastery,
+where, upon hearing the Abbot's story, it was enthusiastically welcomed
+and its wounds attended to. At dawn it was restored to its natural
+shape, and the monks, one and all, were startled out of their senses to
+find themselves in the presence of a stern and awesome dignitary of the
+Church, who immediately began to lecture the Abbot for his unseemly
+conduct the previous day, ordering him to undergo such penance as
+eventually, robbing him of half his size and all his self-importance,
+led to his resignation.
+
+
+THE CASE OF ROLAND BERTIN
+
+André Bonivon, the hero of the other incident, was eminently a man of
+war. He commanded a schooner called the "Bonaventure," which was engaged
+in harassing the Huguenot settlements along the shores of the Gulf of
+Lions, during the reign of Louis XIV. On one of his marauding
+expeditions Bonivon sailed up an estuary of the Rhone rather further
+than he had intended, and having no pilot on board, ran ashore in the
+darkness. A thunderstorm came on; a general panic ensued; and Bonivon
+soon found himself struggling in a whirlpool. Powerful swimmer though he
+was, he would most certainly have been drowned had not some one come to
+his assistance, and, freeing him from the heavy clothes which weighed
+him down, dragged him on dry land. The moment Bonivon got on _terra
+firma_, sailor-like, he extended his hand to grip that of his rescuer,
+when, to his dismay and terror, instead of a hand he grasped a huge
+hairy paw.
+
+Convinced that he was in the presence of the Devil, who doubtless highly
+approved of the thousand and one atrocities he had perpetrated on the
+helpless Huguenots, he threw himself on his knees and implored the
+forgiveness of Heaven.
+
+His rescuer waited awhile in grim silence, and then, lifting him gently
+to his feet, led him some considerable distance inland till they arrived
+at a house on the outskirts of a small town.
+
+Here Bonivon's conductor halted, and, opening the door, signed to the
+captain to enter. All within was dark and silent, and the air was
+tainted with a sickly, pungent odour that filled Bonivon with the
+gravest apprehensions. Dragging him along, Bonivon's guide took him into
+a room, and leaving him there for some seconds, reappeared carrying a
+lantern. Bonivon now saw for the first time the face of his
+conductor--it was that of a werwolf. With a shriek of terror Bonivon
+turned to run, but, catching his foot on a mat, fell sprawling on the
+floor.
+
+Here he remained sobbing and shaking with fear till he was once more
+taken by the werwolf and set gently on his feet.
+
+To Bonivon's surprise a tray full of eatables was standing on the table,
+and the werwolf, motioning to him to sit down, signed to him to eat.
+
+Being ravenously hungry, Bonivon "fell to," and, despite his fears--for
+being by nature alive to, and, by reason of his calling, forced to guard
+against the treachery of his fellow creatures, he more than half
+suspected some subtle design underlying this act of kindness--demolished
+every particle of food. The meal thus concluded, Bonivon's benefactor
+retired, locking the door after him.
+
+No sooner had the sound of his steps in the stone hall ceased than
+Bonivon ran to the window, hoping thereby to make his escape. But the
+iron bars were too firmly fixed--no matter how hard he pulled, tugged
+and wrenched, they remained as immovable as ever. Then his heart began
+to palpitate, his hair to bristle up, and his knees to totter; his
+thoughts were full of speculations as to how he would be killed and what
+it would feel like to be eaten alive. His conscience, too, rising up in
+judgment against him, added its own paroxysms of dismay, paroxysms which
+were still further augmented by the finding of the dead body of a woman,
+nude and horribly mutilated, lying doubled up and partly concealed by a
+curtain. Such a discovery could not fail to fill his heart with
+unspeakable horror; for he concluded that he himself, unless saved by a
+miracle--a favour he could hardly hope for, considering his past
+conduct--would undergo the same fate before morning. At a loss to know
+what else to do, he sat upon the corner of the table, resting his chin
+on the palms of his hands, and engaged in anticipations of the most
+frightful nature.
+
+Shortly after dawn he heard the sound of footsteps approaching the room;
+the door slowly began to open: a little wider and a little wider, and
+then, when Bonivon's heart was on the point of bursting, it suddenly
+swung open wide, and the cold, grey dawn falling on the threshold
+revealed not a werwolf, but--a human being: a man in the unmistakable
+garb of a Huguenot minister!
+
+The reaction was so great that Bonivon rolled off the table and went
+into paroxysms of ungovernable laughter.
+
+At length, when he had sobered down, the Huguenot, laying a hand on his
+shoulder, said: "Do you know now where you are? Do you recognize this
+room? No! Well, I will explain. You are in the house of Roland Bertin,
+and the body lying over yonder is that of my wife, whom your crew
+barbarously murdered yesterday when they sacked this village. They took
+me with them, and it was your intention to have me tortured and then
+drowned as soon as you got to sea. Do you know me now?"
+
+Bonivon nodded--he could not have spoken to save his life.
+
+"Bien!" the minister went on. "I am a werwolf--I was bewitched some
+years ago by the woman Grénier, Mère Grénier, who lives in the forest at
+the back of our village. As soon as it was dark I metamorphosed; then
+the ship ran ashore, and every one leaped overboard. I saw you drowning.
+I saved you."
+
+The captain again made a fruitless effort to speak, and the Huguenot
+continued:--
+
+"Why did I save you?--you, who had been instrumental in murdering my
+wife and ruining my home! Why? I do not know! Had I preferred for you a
+less pleasant death than drowning, I could have taken you ashore and
+killed you. Yet--I did not, because it is not in my nature to destroy
+anything. I have never in my life killed an animal, nor, to my
+knowledge, an insect; I love all life--animal life and vegetable
+life--everything that breathes and grows. Yet I am a Huguenot!--one of
+the race you hate and despise and are paid to exterminate. Assassin, I
+have spared you. Be not ungenerous. Spare others."
+
+The captain was moved. Still speechless, he seized the minister's hands
+and wrung them. And from that hour to the day of his death--which was
+not for many years afterwards--the Huguenots had no truer friend than
+André Bonivon.
+
+
+WERWOLVES AND WITCHES
+
+Other instances of werwolves of a benignant nature are to be found in
+the "Bisclaveret" in Marie de France's poem, composed in 1200 A.D.; and
+in the hero of "William and the Werwolf" (translated from the French
+about 1350).
+
+To inflict the evil property of werwolfery upon those against whom
+they--or some other--bore a grudge was, in the Middle Ages, a method of
+revenge frequently resorted to by witches; and countless knights and
+ladies were thus victimized. Nor were such practices confined to ancient
+times; for as late as the eighteenth century a case of this kind of
+witchcraft is reported to have happened in the vicinity of Blois.
+
+In a village some three miles from Blois, on the outskirts of a forest,
+dwelt an innkeeper called Antonio Cellini, who, as the name suggests,
+was of Italian origin. Antonio had only one child, Beatrice, a very
+pretty girl, who at the time of this story was about nineteen years of
+age. As might be expected, Beatrice had many admirers; but none were so
+passionately attached to her as Herbert Poyer, a handsome youth, and one
+Henri Sangfeu, an extremely plain youth. Beatrice--and one can scarcely
+blame her for it--preferred Herbert, and with the whole-hearted approval
+of her father consented to marry him. Sangfeu was not unnaturally upset;
+but, in all probability, he would have eventually resigned himself to
+the inevitable, had it not been for a village wag, who in an idle moment
+wrote a poem and entitled it
+
+     "_Sansfeu the Ugly; or, Love Unrequited._"
+
+The poem, which was illustrated with several clever caricatures of the
+unfortunate Henri and contained much caustic wit, took like wildfire in
+the village; and Henri, in consequence, had a very bad time. Eventually
+it was shown to Beatrice, and it was then that the climax was reached.
+Although Henri was present at the moment, unable to restrain herself,
+she went into peals of laughter at the drawings, saying over and over
+again: "How like him--how very like! His nose to a nicety! It is
+certainly correct to style him Sansfeu--for no one could call him
+Sansnez!"
+
+Her mirth was infectious; every one joined in; only Henri slunk away,
+crimson with rage and mortification. He hated Beatrice now as much as he
+had loved her before; and he thirsted only for revenge.
+
+Some distance from the village and in the heart of the forest lived an
+old woman known as Mère Maxim, who was said to be a witch, and,
+therefore, shunned by every one. All sorts of unsavoury stories were
+told of her, and she was held responsible for several outbreaks of
+epidemics--hitherto unknown in the neighbourhood--many accidents, and
+more than one death.
+
+The spot where she lived was carefully avoided. Those who ventured far
+in the forest after nightfall either never came back at all or returned
+half imbecile with terror, and afterwards poured out to their affrighted
+friends incoherent stories of the strange lights and terrible forms they
+had encountered, moving about amid the trees. Up to the present Henri
+had been just as scared by these tales as the rest of the villagers; but
+so intense was his longing for revenge that he at length resolved to
+visit Mère Maxim and solicit her assistance. Choosing a morning when the
+sun was shining brightly, he screwed up his courage, and after many bad
+scares finally succeeded in reaching her dwelling--or, I might say, her
+shanty, for by a more appropriate term than the latter such a
+queer-looking untidy habitation could not be described. To his
+astonishment Mère Maxim was by no means so unprepossessing as he had
+imagined. On the contrary, she was more than passably good-looking, with
+black hair, rosy cheeks, and exceedingly white teeth. What he did not
+altogether like were her eyes--which, though large and well shaped, had
+in them an occasional glitter--and her hands, which, though remarkably
+white and slender, had very long and curved nails, that to his mind
+suggested all sorts of unpleasant ideas. She was becomingly dressed in
+brown--brown woolly garments, with a brown fur cap, brown stockings, and
+brown shoes ornamented with very bright silver buckles. Altogether she
+was decidedly chic; and if a little incongruous in her surroundings,
+such incongruity only made her the more alluring; and as far as Henri
+was concerned rather added to her charms.
+
+At all events, he needed no second invitation to seat himself by her
+side in the chimney-corner, and his heart thumped as it had never
+thumped before when she encouraged him to put his arm round her waist
+and kiss her. It was the first time a woman had ever suffered him to
+kiss her without violent protestations and avowals of disgust.
+
+"You are not very handsome, it is true," Mère Maxim remarked, "but you
+are fat--and I like fat young men," and she pinched his cheeks playfully
+and patted his hands. "Are you sure no one knows you have come to see
+me?" she asked.
+
+"Certain!" Henri replied; "I haven't confided in a soul; I haven't even
+so much as dropped a hint that I intended seeing you."
+
+"That is good!" Mère Maxim said. "Tell no one, otherwise I shall not be
+able to help you. Also, on no account let the girl Beatrice think you
+bear her animosity. Be civil and friendly to her whenever you meet; then
+give her, as a wedding present, this belt and box of bonbons." So
+saying, she handed him a beautiful belt composed of the skin of some
+wild animal and fastened with a gold buckle, and a box of delicious pink
+and white sugarplums. "Do not give her these things till the marriage
+eve," she added, "and directly you have given them come and see
+me--always observing the greatest secrecy." She then kissed him, and he
+went away brimming over with passion for her, and longing feverishly for
+the hour to arrive when he could be with her again.
+
+All day and all night he thought of her--of her gay and sparkling
+beauty, of her kisses and caresses, and the delightful coolness of her
+thin and supple hands. His mad infatuation for her made him oblivious
+to the taunts and jeers of the villagers, who seldom saw him without
+making ribald allusion to the poem.
+
+"There goes Sansfeu! alias Monsieur Grosnez!" they called out. "Why
+don't you cut off your nose for a present to mademoiselle? She would
+then have no need to buy a kitchen poker. Ha! ha! ha!" But their coarse
+wit fell flat. Henri hardly heard it--all his thoughts, his burning
+love, his unquenchable passion, were centred in Mère Maxim: in spirit he
+was with her, alone with her, in the innermost recesses of the grim,
+silent forest.
+
+The marriage eve came; he handed Beatrice the presents, and ere she had
+time to thank him--for the magnificence of the belt rendered her
+momentarily speechless--he had flown from the house, and was hurrying as
+fast as his legs could carry him to his tryst. The shadows of night were
+already on the forest when he entered it; and the silence and solitude
+of the place, the indistinct images of the trees, and their dismal
+sighing, that seemed to foretell a storm, all combined to disturb his
+fancy and raise strange spectres in his imagination. The shrill hooting
+of an owl, as it rustled overhead, caused him an unprecedented shock,
+and the great rush of blood to his head made him stagger and clutch
+hold of the nearest object for support. He had barely recovered from
+this alarm when his eyes almost started out of their sockets with fright
+as he caught sight of a queer shape gliding silently from tree to tree;
+and shortly afterwards he was again terrified--this time by a pale face,
+whether of a human being or animal he could not say, peering down at him
+from the gnarled and fantastic branches of a gigantic oak. He was now so
+frightened that he ran, and queer--indefinably queer footsteps ran after
+him, and followed him persistently until he reached the shanty, when he
+heard them turn and leap lightly away.
+
+On this occasion, the occurrence of Henri's second visit, Mère Maxim was
+more captivating than ever. She was dressed with wonderful effect all in
+white. She wore sparkling jewels at her throat and waist, buckles of
+burnished gold on her shoes; her teeth flashed like polished ivory, and
+her nails like agates. Henri was enraptured. He fell on his knees before
+her, he caught her hands and covered them with kisses.
+
+"How nice you look to-day, my sweetheart," she said; "and how fat! It
+does my heart good to see you. Come in, and sit close to me, and tell me
+how you have fared."
+
+She led him in, and after locking and barring the door, conducted him
+to the chimney-corner. And there he lay in her arms. She fondled him;
+she pressed her lips on his, and gleefully felt his cheeks and arms. And
+after a time, when, intoxicated with the joy of it all, he lay still and
+quiet, wishing only to remain like that for eternity, she stooped down,
+and, fetching a knot of cord from under the seat, began laughingly to
+bind his hands and feet. And at each turn and twist of the rope she
+laughed the louder. And when she had finished binding his arms and legs
+she made him lie on his back, and lashed him so tightly to the seat
+that, had he possessed the strength of six men, he could not have freed
+himself.
+
+Then she sat beside him, and moving aside the clothes that covered his
+chest and throat, said:--
+
+"By this time Beatrice--pretty Beatrice, vain and sensual Beatrice, the
+Beatrice you once loved and admired so much--will have worn the belt,
+will have eaten the sweets. She is now a werwolf. Every night at twelve
+o'clock she will creep out of bed and glide about the house and village
+in search of human prey, some bonny babe, or weak, defenceless woman,
+but always some one fat, tender, and juicy--some one like you." And
+bending low over him, she bared her teeth, and dug her cruel nails deep
+into his flesh. A flame from the wood fire suddenly shot up. It
+flickered oddly on the figure of Mère Maxim--so oddly that Henri
+received a shock. He realized with an awful thrill that the face into
+which he peered was no longer that of a human being; it was--but he
+could no longer think--he could only gaze.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS
+
+
+Throughout the Middle Ages, and even in the seventeenth century, trials
+for lycanthropy were of common occurrence in France. Among the most
+famous were those of the Grandillon family in the Jura, in 1598; that of
+the tailor of Châlons; of Roulet, in Angers; of Gilles Garnier, in Dôle,
+in 1573; and of Jean Garnier, at Bordeaux, in 1603. The last case was,
+perhaps, the most remarkable of all. Garnier, who was only fourteen
+years of age, was employed in looking after cattle. He was a handsome
+lad, with dark, flashing eyes and very white teeth. As soon as it was
+time for the metamorphosis to take place he used to go into some lonely
+spot, and then, in the guise of a wolf, return, and run to earth
+isolated women and children. One of his favourite haunts was a thicket
+close to a pool of water. Here he used to lie and watch for hours at a
+time. Once he surprised two girls bathing. One escaped, and fled home
+naked, but the other he flung on the ground, and having shaken her into
+submission, devoured a portion of her one day, and the rest of her the
+next. He confessed to having eaten over fifty children. Nor did he
+always confine himself to attacking the solitary few and defenceless;
+for on several occasions, when hard pressed by hunger, he assailed a
+whole crowd, and was once severely handled by a pack of young girls who
+successfully drove him off with sharply pointed stakes. Far from wishing
+to conceal his guilt, Jean Garnier was most eager to tell everything,
+and to a court thronged with eager, attentive people, he related in the
+most graphic manner possible his sanguinary experiences. One old woman,
+he said, whom he found alone in a cottage, showed extraordinary agility
+in trying to escape. She raced round tables, clambered over chairs,
+crawled under a bed, and finally hid in a cupboard and held the door so
+fast that he had to exert all his force to open it. "And then," he
+added, "in spite of all my trouble she proved to be as tough as
+leather----" and he made a grimace that provoked much laughter.
+
+He complained bitterly of one child. "It made such a dreadful noise,"
+he said, "when I lifted it out of its crib, and when I got ready for my
+first bite it shrieked so loud it almost deafened me."
+
+The name Grénier, like that of Garnier, was closely associated with
+lycanthropy, and in Blois, where there were more instances of
+lycanthropy than in any other part of France, every one called Grénier
+or Garnier was set down as a werwolf.
+
+Amongst the Vaudois lycanthropy was also widely prevalent, and many of
+these werwolves were brought to trial and executed.
+
+
+THE CASE OF SERGEANT BERTRAND
+
+The case of Sergeant Bertrand, which is the last authenticated case of
+this kind, occurred in 1847, when, on the 10th of July, an investigation
+was held before a military council presided over by Colonel Manselon.
+For some months the cemeteries in and around Paris had been the scenes
+of frightful violations, the culprits (or culprit), in some
+extraordinary manner, eluding every attempt made to ensnare them. At one
+time the custodians of the cemeteries were suspected, then the local
+police, and for a brief space suspicion fell even on the relations of
+the dead. The first burial-place to be so mysteriously visited was the
+Cemetery of Père Lachaise. Here, at night, those in charge declared
+they saw a strange form, partly human and partly animal, glide about
+from tomb to tomb. Try how they would they could not catch it--it always
+vanished--vanished just like a phantom directly they came up to it; and
+the dogs when urged to seize it would only bark and howl, and show
+indications of the most abject terror.
+
+Always when morning broke the ravages of this unsavoury visitant were
+only too plainly visible--graves had been dug up, coffins burst open,
+and the contents nibbled, and gnawed, and scattered all over the ground.
+Expert medical opinion was sought, but with no fresh result. The
+doctors, too, were agreed that the mutilations of the dead were produced
+by the bites of what certainly seemed to be human teeth.
+
+The sensation caused by this announcement was without parallel; and one
+and all, old and young, rich and poor, were wanting to know whatever
+sort of being it could be that possessed so foul an appetite. The watch
+was doubled; all to no purpose. A young soldier was arrested, but on
+declaring he had merely entered the cemetery to meet a friend, and
+exhibiting no evidences of guilt, was let go.
+
+At length the violation ceased in Père Lachaise and broke out elsewhere.
+A little girl, greatly beloved by her relatives and friends, died, and
+a big concourse of people attended the funeral. On the following
+morning, to the intense indignation of every one, the grave was
+discovered dug up, the coffin forced open, and the body half eaten. In
+its wild fury at such an unheard-of atrocity the public called loudly
+for the culprit. The father of the dead girl was first of all arrested,
+but his innocence being quickly established, he was set free. Every
+means was then taken to guard against any recurrence, but in spite of
+all precautions the same thing happened again shortly afterwards; and
+happened repeatedly. The fact that the cemetery was surrounded by very
+high walls, and that iron gates, which were always kept shut, formed the
+only legitimate entrance, added to the mystery, and made it seem
+impossible that any creature of solid flesh and blood could be
+responsible for the outrages.
+
+Having observed that at one place, in particular, the wall, though
+nearly ten feet high, showed signs of having been frequently scaled, an
+old army officer set a trap there, consisting of a wire connected with
+an explosive, which was so arranged that no one could climb over the
+wall without treading on the wire and causing an explosion.
+
+A strong posse of detectives kept watch, and at midnight a loud report
+was heard. The detectives were not, however, as quick as their quarry.
+They saw a man, or what they took to be a man, and fired at him, but he
+was gone like a flash of lightning, scaling the wall with the agility of
+a monkey. Finding a trail of blood, however, and pieces of torn uniform
+accompanying the bloodstains, they concluded that the enemy was wounded,
+and that the marauder was, moreover, a soldier.
+
+Still, it is doubtful whether his identity would have been proved, had
+not one of the grave-diggers of the cemetery chanced to overhear some
+sappers of the 74th Regiment remark that on the preceding night one of
+their comrades--a sergeant--had been conveyed to the military hospital
+of Val de Grâce badly wounded. The matter was at once inquired into, and
+the wounded soldier, Sergeant Bertrand, was found to be the author of
+the long series of hideous violations. Bertrand freely confessed his
+guilt, declaring that he was driven to it against his own will by some
+external force he could not define, and which allowed him no peace. He
+had, he said, in one night exhumed and bitten as many as fifteen bodies.
+He employed no implements, but tore up the soil after the manner of a
+wild beast, paying no heed to the bruising and laceration of his hands
+so long as he could get at the dead. He could not describe what his
+sensations were like when he was thus occupied; he only knew that he
+was not himself but some ravenous, ferocious animal. He added, that
+after these nocturnal expeditions he invariably fell into a profound
+sleep, often before he could get home, and that always, during that
+sleep, he was conscious of undergoing peculiar metamorphosis. When
+interrogated, he informed the court of inquiry that, as a child, he
+preferred the company of all kinds of animals to that of his fellow
+creatures, and that in order to get in close touch with his four-footed
+friends he used to frequent the most solitary and out-of-the-way
+places--moors, woods, and deserts. He said that it was immediately after
+one of these excursions that he first experienced the sensation of
+undergoing some great change in his sleep, and that the following
+evening, when passing close to a cemetery where the grave-diggers were
+covering a body that had just been interred, yielding to a sudden
+impulse, he crept in and watched them. A sharp shower of rain
+interrupting their labours, they went away, leaving their task
+unfinished. "At the sight of the coffin," Bertrand said, "horrible
+desires seized me; my head throbbed, my heart palpitated, and had it not
+been for the timely arrival of friends I should have then and there
+yielded to my inclinations. From that time forth I was never
+free--these terrible cravings invariably came on directly after sunset."
+
+Medical men who examined Bertram unanimously gave it as their opinion
+that he was sane, and could only account for his extraordinary nocturnal
+actions by the supposition that he must be the victim of some strange
+monomania. His companions, with whom he was most popular, all testified
+to his amiability and lovable disposition. In the end he was sentenced
+to a year's imprisonment, and after his release was never again heard
+of. There can, I think, be little doubt, from what he himself said, that
+he was in reality a werwolf. His preference for the society of animals
+and love of isolated regions; his sudden fallings asleep and sensations
+of undergoing metamorphosis, though that metamorphosis was spiritual and
+metaphysical only, which is very often the case, all help to
+substantiate that belief.
+
+
+VAMPIRISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+It has been asserted that Bertrand was a vampire; but there are
+absolutely no grounds for associating him with vampirism. A vampire is
+an Elemental that under certain conditions inhabits a dead body, whether
+human or otherwise; and, thus incarcerated, comes out of a grave at
+night to suck the blood of a living person. It never touches the dead.
+
+A werwolf has already been defined. It has an existence entirely
+separate from the vampire. The werwolf feeds on both the living and
+dead, which it bites and mangles after the nature of all beasts of prey.
+
+Vampirism is infectious; every one who has been sucked by a vampire, on
+physical dissolution, becomes a vampire, and remains one until his
+corpse is destroyed in a certain prescribed manner. Lycanthropy is not
+infectious.
+
+There are many well-authenticated cases of vampirism in France and
+Germany. In a newspaper published in the reign of Louis XV there
+appeared an announcement to the effect that Arnold Paul, a native of
+Madveiga, being crushed to death by a wagon and buried, had since become
+a vampire, and that he had been previously bitten by one. The
+authorities being informed of the terror his visits were occasioning,
+and several people having died with all the symptoms of vampirism, his
+grave was opened; and although he had been dead forty days his body was
+like that of a very full-blooded, living man.
+
+Following the mode of exorcism traditionally observed on such occasions,
+a stake was driven into the corpse, whereupon it uttered a frightful
+cry--half human and half animal; after which its head was cut off, and
+trunk and head burned. Four other bodies which had died from the
+consequences of the bites, and which were found in the same perfectly
+healthy condition, were served in a similar manner; and it was hoped
+these vigorous measures would end the mischief. But no such thing; cases
+of deaths from the same cause--_i.e._, loss of blood--still continued,
+and five years afterwards became so rife that the authorities were
+compelled to take the matter up for the second time. On this occasion
+the graves of many people, of all ages and both sexes, were opened, and
+the bodies of all those suspected of plaguing the living by their
+nocturnal visits were found in the vampire state--full almost to
+overflowing with blood, and free from every symptom of death. On their
+being served in the same manner as the corpse of Arnold Paul the
+epidemic of vampirism ceased, and no more cases of it have since been
+reported as occurring in that district. A rumour of these proceedings
+reaching the ears of Louis XV, he at once ordered his Minister at Vienna
+to report upon them. This was done. The documents forwarded to the King
+(and which are still in existence) give a detailed account of all the
+occurrences to which I have referred. They bear the date of June 7,
+1732, and are signed and witnessed by three surgeons and several other
+persons.
+
+The facts, which are indubitable, point to no other satisfactory
+explanation saving that of vampirism--an explanation that finds ample
+corroboration in thousands of like cases reported, at one time or
+another, in every country in Eastern Europe.
+
+
+GHOULISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+Sergeant Bertrand has also been declared a ghoul. Ghoulism bears a
+somewhat closer resemblance than vampirism to lycanthropy. A ghoul is an
+Elemental that visits any place where human or animal remains have been
+interred. It digs them up and bites them, showing a keen liking for
+brains, which it sucks in the same manner as a vampire sucks blood.
+
+Ghouls either remain in spirit form or steal the bodies of living
+beings--living beings only--either human or animal. They can only do
+this when the spirit of the living person, during sleep (either natural
+or induced hypnotically), is separated from the material body; or, in
+other words, when the spirit is projected. The ghoul then pounces on the
+physical body, and, often refusing to restore it to its rightful owner,
+the latter is compelled to roam about as a phantasm for just so long a
+time as the ghoul chooses to inhabit the body it has stolen.
+
+
+THE CASE OF CONSTANCE ARMANDE, GHOUL
+
+_À propos_ of ghouls, the following incident was related to me as having
+occurred recently in Brittany. A young girl named Constance Armande, in
+a good station of life, much against the wishes of her family, took up
+spiritualism and constantly attended séances. At these séances she
+witnessed all sorts of phenomena--some in all probability produced by
+mere trickery on the part of the medium or a confederate, whilst
+others were, without doubt, the manifestations of _bona fide_
+spirits--earthbound phantasms of the lowest and most undesirable
+order--murderers, lunatics, Vice Elementals, and ghouls. It is most
+unwise to risk coming in contact with such spirits, for when they have
+once made your acquaintance they will attach themselves to you, and are
+got rid of only with the greatest difficulty. They were most unremitting
+in their persecution of Constance Armande; they followed her home, and
+were always rapping on the walls of her room and disturbing and annoying
+her. In short, she got no peace, either asleep or awake. In the night
+she would often wake up screaming, and in an agony of mind rush into her
+parents' room and implore their protection, declaring she had dreamed in
+the most vivid manner possible that frightful-looking creatures, too
+awful for her to describe, were trying to prevent her awaking in order
+to keep her with them always. She told a spiritualist, and he informed
+her that such dreams were not in reality dreams at all, but
+projections--that she had, at séances, acquired the power of projection;
+and, having no control over that power, she projected herself
+unconsciously, the projection almost always taking place in her sleep.
+
+A medical expert was also consulted, and in accordance with his advice
+Constance Armande went to the seaside and resorted to every kind of
+pleasure--balls, concerts, and theatres. But the annoyances still
+continued, and she was seldom permitted to rest a whole night without
+being disturbed in a most harrowing manner.
+
+Being a really beautiful girl, she had countless admirers, and
+eventually she became engaged to Alphonse Mabane, the only son of a very
+wealthy widow.
+
+Shortly before the day fixed for their marriage Madame Mabane was seized
+with a fit of apoplexy and died. Every one, especially Constance
+Armande, was overwhelmed with grief, whilst preparations were made for a
+most impressive funeral.
+
+On the afternoon of the day preceding that on which the funeral was to
+take place Constance, complaining of a bad headache, went to lie down
+on her bed, and two hours later strange footsteps were heard coming out
+of her room and bounding down the stairs. Wondering who it could be,
+Madame Armande ran to look, and was astonished beyond measure to see
+Constance--but a Constance she hardly knew--a Constance with the glitter
+of a ferocious beast in her eyes, and a grim, savage expression in the
+corners of her mouth. She did not appear to notice her mother, but
+passed her by with a light, stealthy tread, utterly unlike her usual
+walk, crossed the hall, and went out at the front door. Madame Armande
+was too startled to try and intercept her, or even to make any remark,
+and returned to the drawing-room greatly agitated. As hour after hour
+passed and Constance did not come home, her alarm increased, and she
+mentioned the incident to her husband, who caused immediate inquiries to
+be made. Just about the hour the family usually retired to rest there
+came a violent ring at the front-door bell. It was Alphonse Mabane, pale
+and ghastly.
+
+"Have you found her?" Monsieur and Madame Armande cried, catching hold
+of him in their agitation, and dragging him into the hall.
+
+Alphonse nodded. "Let me sit down a moment first," he gasped. "It will
+give me time to collect my senses. My nerves are all to pieces!"
+
+He sank into a chair, and, burying his face in his hands, shook
+convulsively. Monsieur and Madame Armande stood and watched him in
+agonized silence. After some minutes--to the Armandes it seemed an
+eternity--spent in this fashion, Alphonse raised his head. "Your
+servant," he said, "came to my house at nine o'clock and asked if
+Mademoiselle Constance was with me. I said 'No,' that I had not seen her
+all day, and was much alarmed when I was informed that she had left home
+early in the afternoon and had not yet returned. I said I would join in
+the search for her, and was in my bedroom putting on my overcoat, when
+there came a tap at my door, and Jacques, my valet, with a face as white
+as a sheet, begged me to go with him upstairs. He led me to the door of
+my mother's room, where she lay in her coffin, not yet screwed down.
+'Hark!' he whispered, touching me on the sleeve, 'do you hear that?'
+
+"I listened, and from the interior of the room came a curious noise like
+munching--a steady gnaw, gnaw, gnaw. 'I heard it just now,' he
+whispered, 'when I was going to shut the landing window--and other
+sounds, too. Hush!'
+
+"I held my breath, and heard distinctly the swishing and rustling of a
+dress.
+
+"'Have you been in?' I asked.
+
+"He shook his head. 'I daren't,' he whispered. 'I wouldn't go in by
+myself if you were to offer me a million pounds,' and he trembled so
+violently that he had to lean against me for support.
+
+"A great terror then seized me, and bidding Jacques follow, I crept
+downstairs and summoned the rest of the servants. Armed with sticks and
+lights, we then went in a body to my mother's room, and throwing open
+the door, rushed in.
+
+"The lid of the coffin was off, the corpse was lying huddled up on the
+floor, and crouching over it was Constance. For God's sake don't ask me
+to describe more--the sounds we heard explained everything. When she saw
+us she emitted a series of savage snarls, sprang at one of the maids,
+scratched her in the face, and before we could stop her, flew downstairs
+and out into the street. As soon as our shocked senses had sufficiently
+recovered we started off in pursuit, but have not been able to find the
+slightest trace of her."
+
+At the conclusion of Monsieur Mabane's story the search was continued.
+The police were summoned, and a general hue and cry raised, with the
+result that Constance was eventually found in a cemetery digging
+frantically at a newly made grave.
+
+At last brought to bay in the chase that ensued, fortunately for her
+and for all concerned, she plunged into a river, was swept away by the
+current, and drowned.
+
+This case of Constance Armande seems to me to be clearly a case of
+ghoulism. What the spiritualist had told her was correct--she had
+projected herself unconsciously, and the hideous things she imagined
+were phantoms in a dream were Elementals--ghouls--her projected spirit
+encountered on the superphysical plane.
+
+After sundry efforts to steal her body when she was thus separated from
+it, one of them had at length succeeded, and, incarcerated in her
+beautiful frame, had hastened to satisfy its craving for human carrion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+WERWOLVES IN GERMANY
+
+
+No country in the world is richer in stories of everything appertaining
+to the supernatural than Germany. The Rhine is the favourite river of
+nymphs and sirens, to whose irresistible and fatal fascinations so many
+men have fallen victims. Along its shores are countless haunted castles,
+in its woods innumerable terrifying phantoms.
+
+The werwolf, however, seems to have confined itself almost entirely to
+the Harz Mountains, where it was formerly most common and more dreaded
+than any other visitant from the Unknown. But of these werwolves many of
+the best authenticated cases have been told so often, that it is
+difficult for me to alight on any that is not already well known.
+Perhaps the following, though as striking as any, may be new to at least
+a few of my readers.
+
+
+THE CASE OF HERR HELLEN AND THE WERWOLVES OF THE HARZ MOUNTAINS
+
+Two gentlemen, named respectively Hellen and Schiller, were on a walking
+tour in the Harz Mountains, in the early summer of the year 1840, when
+Schiller, slipping down, sprained his ankle and was unable to go on.
+They were some miles from any village, in the centre of an extensive
+forest, and it was beginning to get dark.
+
+"Leave me here," cried the injured man to his friend, "while you see if
+you can discover any habitation. I have been told these woods are full
+of charcoal-burners' and wood-cutters' huts, so that if you walk
+straight ahead for a mile or two, you are very likely to come across
+one. Do go, there's a good fellow, and if you are too tired to return
+yourself, send some one to carry me."
+
+Hellen did not like leaving his comrade in such a dreary spot, alone and
+helpless, but as Schiller was persistent he at length yielded, and
+stepping briskly out, advanced along the track that had brought them
+hither. Once or twice he halted, fancying he heard voices, and several
+times his heart pulsated wildly at what he took to be the cry of a
+wolf--for neither Schiller nor he had no weapons excepting
+sheath-knives. At last he came to an open spot hedged in on all sides
+by gloomy pines, the shadows from which were beginning to fall thick and
+fast athwart the vivid greensward. It was one of those places--they are
+to be found in pretty nearly every country--studiously avoided by local
+woodsmen as the haunt of all manner of evil influences. Hellen
+recognized it as such the moment he saw it, but as it lay right across
+his path, and time was pressing, he had no alternative but to keep
+boldly on. He was half-way across the spot when he was startled by a
+groan, and looking in the direction of the sound, he saw a man seated on
+the ground endeavouring to bandage his hand. Wondering why he had not
+observed him before, but thankful to meet some one at last, Hellen went
+up to him and asked what was the matter.
+
+"I've broken my wrist," the man replied. "I was gathering sticks for my
+fire to-morrow when I heard the howl of a wolf, and in my anxiety to
+escape a conflict with the brute I climbed this tree. As I descended one
+of the branches gave way, and I fell down with all my weight on my right
+arm. Will you see if you can bind it for me? I'm a bit awkward with my
+left hand."
+
+"I will do my best," Hellen said, and kneeling beside the man, he took
+off the bandages and wrapped them round again. "There," he exclaimed,
+"I think that is better--at least it is the best I can do."
+
+The stranger was now most profuse in his thanks, and when Hellen
+informed him of Schiller's condition, at once cried out, "You must both
+come to my cottage; it is only a short distance from here. Let us hasten
+thither now, and my daughter, who is very strong, shall go back with you
+and help you carry your friend. We are not rich, but we can make you
+both fairly comfortable, and all we have shall be at your disposal. But
+I wonder if you know what you have incurred by coming to this spot at
+this hour?"
+
+"Why, no," Hellen said, laughing. "What?"
+
+"The gratification of two wishes--the first two wishes you make! Of
+course, you will say it is all humbug, but, believe me, very queer
+things do happen in this forest. I have experienced them myself."
+
+"Well!" Hellen replied, laughing more heartily than before, "if I wish
+anything at all it is that my wife were here to see how beautifully I
+have bandaged your wrist."
+
+"Where is your wife?" the stranger inquired.
+
+"At Frankfort, most likely taking a final peep at the children in bed
+before retiring to rest herself!" Hellen said, still laughing.
+
+"Then you have children!" the stranger ejaculated, evidently
+interested.
+
+"Yes, three--all girls--and such bonny girls, too. Marcella, Christina,
+and Fredericka. I wish I had them here for you to see."
+
+"I should much like to see them, certainly," the stranger said. "And now
+you have told me so much of interest about yourself, let me tell you
+something of my own history in exchange. My name is Wilfred Gaverstein.
+I am an artist by profession, and have come to live here during the
+summer months in order to paint nature--nature as it really is--in all
+its varying moods. Nature is my only god--I adore it. I don't believe in
+souls. I love the trees and flowers and shrubs, the rivulets, the
+fountains, the birds and insects."
+
+"Everything but the wolves!" Hellen remarked jocularly. Hardly, however,
+had he spoken these words before he had reason to alter his tone. "Great
+heavens! do you hear that?" he cried. "There is no mistake about it this
+time. It is a wolf, or may I never live to hear one again."
+
+"You are right, friend," Wilfred said. "It is a wolf, and not very far
+away, either. Come, we must be quick," and thrusting his arm through
+that of Hellen, he hurried him along. After some minutes' fast walking
+they came in sight of a neatly thatched whitewashed cottage, at the
+entrance to which two women and several children were collected. "That's
+my home," Wilfred said.
+
+"And that's my wife!" Hellen cried, rubbing his eyes to make sure he was
+not dreaming. "God in heaven, what's the meaning of it all? My wife and
+children--all three of them! Am I mad?"
+
+"It is merely the answer to your wishes," Wilfred rejoined calmly. "See,
+they recognize you and are waving."
+
+As one in a sleep Hellen now staggered forward, and was soon in the
+midst of his family, who, rushing up to him, implored him to explain
+what had happened, and how on earth they came to be there.
+
+"I am just as much at sea as you are," Hellen said, feeling them each in
+turn to make sure it was really they. "It's an insoluble mystery to me."
+
+"And to us, too," they all cried. "A few minutes ago we were in our beds
+in Frankfort, and then suddenly we found ourselves here--here in this
+dreadful looking forest. Oh, take us away, take us home, do!"
+
+Hellen was in despair. It was all like a hideous nightmare to him. What
+was he to do?
+
+"You must be my guests for to-night, at all events," Wilfred said; "and
+in the morning we will discuss what is to be done. Fortunately we have
+enough room to accommodate you all. There is food in abundance. Let me
+introduce you to my daughter Marguerite," and the next moment Hellen
+found himself shaking hands with a girl of about twenty years of age.
+She was clad in what appeared to be a travelling dress, deeply bordered
+with white fur, and wore a most becoming cap of white ermine. Her feet
+were shod in long, pointed, and very elegant buckskin shoes, adorned
+with bright silver buckles. Her hair, which was yellow and glossy, was
+parted down the middle, and waved in a most becoming fashion low over
+the forehead and ears; and her features--at least so Hellen
+thought--were very beautiful. Her mouth, though a trifle large, had very
+daintily cut lips, and was furnished with unusually white and even
+teeth. But there was a peculiar furtive expression in her eyes, which
+were of a very pretty shape and colour, that aroused Hellen's curiosity,
+and made him scrutinize her carefully. Her hands were noticeably long
+and slender, with tapering fingers and long, almond-shaped, rosy nails,
+that glittered each time they caught the rays of the fast fading
+sunlight. Hellen's first impression of her was that she was marvellously
+beautiful, but that there was a something about her that he did not
+understand--a something he had never seen in anyone before, a something
+that in an ugly woman might have put him on his guard, but in this face
+of such surpassing beauty a something he seemed only too ready to
+ignore. Hellen was a good, and up to the present, certainly, a faithful
+husband, but he was only a man after all, and the more he looked at the
+girl the more he admired her.
+
+At a word from Wilfred, Marguerite smilingly led the way indoors, and
+showed the guests two bedrooms, small but exquisitely clean. There was a
+double bed in one, and two single ones in the other. The bed-linen was
+of the very finest material, and white as snow.
+
+"I think," Wilfred remarked, "two of the girls can squeeze in one
+bed--they are neither of them very big--though it does my heart good to
+see them so bonny."
+
+"And mine, too," Marguerite joined in, patting the three children on the
+cheeks in turn, and drawing them to her and caressing them.
+
+Mrs. Hellen, still dazed, and apparently hardly realizing what was
+happening, stammered out her thanks, and the party then descended to the
+kitchen to partake of a substantial supper that was speedily prepared
+for them.
+
+"Had you not better go and look for your friend now?" Wilfred observed,
+just as Hellen was about to seat himself beside his wife and children.
+"Marguerite will go with you, and on your return the three of you can
+have your meal in here after the children have gone to bed."
+
+Hellen readily assented, and kissing his wife and little ones, who
+tearfully implored him not to be gone long, set out, accompanied by
+Marguerite.
+
+At each step they took, Marguerite's beauty became more irresistible.
+The soft rays of the moon falling directly on her features enhanced
+their loveliness, and Hellen could not keep his eyes off her. The
+ominous cry of a night bird startled her; she edged timidly up to him;
+and he had to exert all his self-control, so eager was he to clasp her
+to him. In a strained, unnatural manner he kept up a flow of small-talk,
+eliciting the information that she was an art student, and that she had
+studied in Paris and Antwerp, had exhibited in Munich and Turin, and was
+contemplating visiting London the following spring. They talked on in
+this strain until Hellen, remembering their mission, exclaimed:--
+
+"We must be very close to where I left Schiller. I will call to him."
+
+He did so--not once, but many times; and the reverberation of his voice
+rang out loud and clear in the silence of the vast, moon-kissed forest.
+But there was no response, nothing but the rustling of branches and the
+shivering of leaves.
+
+"What's that?" Marguerite suddenly cried, clutching hold of Hellen's
+arm. "There! right in front of us, lying on the ground. There!" and she
+indicated the object with her gleaming finger-tip.
+
+"It looks remarkably like Schiller," Hellen said. "Can he be asleep?"
+
+Quickening their pace, they speedily arrived at the spot. It was
+Schiller, or rather what had once been Schiller, for there was now very
+little left of him but the face and hands and feet; the rest had only
+too obviously been eaten. The spectacle was so shocking that for some
+minutes Hellen was too overcome to speak.
+
+"It must have been wolves!" he said at length. "I fancied I heard them
+several times. Would to God I had never left him! What a death!"
+
+"Horrible!" Marguerite whispered, and she turned her head away to avoid
+so harrowing a sight.
+
+"Well," Hellen observed in a voice broken with emotion, "it's no use
+staying here. We can't be of any service to him now. I will gather the
+remains together in the morning, and with the assistance of your father
+see that they are decently interred. Come! let us be going." And
+offering Marguerite his arm, they began to retrace their steps.
+
+For some time Hellen was too occupied with thoughts of his friend's
+cruel death to think of anything else, but the close proximity of
+Marguerite gradually made itself felt, and by the time they had reached
+the open clearing--the spot where he had encountered Wilfred--his
+passion completely overpowered him. Throwing discretion to the winds,
+and oblivious of wife, children, home, honour, everything save
+Marguerite--the lustre of her eyes and the dainty curving of her
+lips--he slipped his arm round her waist, and pressing her close to him,
+smothered her in kisses.
+
+"How dare you, sir!" she panted, slowly shaking herself free. "Aren't
+you ashamed of such behaviour? What would your wife say, if she knew?"
+
+"I couldn't help it," Hellen pleaded. "I'm not myself to-night. Your
+beauty has bewitched me, and I would risk anything to have you in my
+arms." He spoke so earnestly and looked at her so appealingly that she
+smiled.
+
+"I know I am beautiful," she said, and the intonation of her voice
+thrilled him to the very marrow of his bones. "Dozens of men have told
+me so. Consequently, since there seems to have been some excuse for
+you, I forgive you, only----," but before she could say another word,
+Hellen had again seized her, and this time he did not loosen his hold
+till from sheer exhaustion he could kiss her no more.
+
+"It's no use!" he panted. "I can't help it. I love you as I never loved
+a woman before, and if you were to ask me to do so I would go to Hell
+with you this very minute."
+
+"It is dangerous to express such sentiments here," Marguerite said.
+"Don't you know this spot is full of supernatural influences, and that
+the first two things you wish for will be granted?"
+
+"I have already wished," Hellen said. "I wished when I was here with
+your father."
+
+"Then wish again," Marguerite replied; "I assure you your wishes will be
+fulfilled." And again she looked at him in a way that sent all the blood
+in his body surging wildly to his head, and roused his passion in hot
+and furious rebellion against his reason.
+
+"I wish, then," he cried, seizing hold of her hands and pressing them to
+his lips--"I wish every obstacle removed that prevents my having you
+always with me--that is wish number one."
+
+"And wish number two?" the girl interrogated, her warm, scented breath
+fanning his cheeks and nostrils. "Won't you wish that you may be mine
+for ever? Always mine, mine to eternity!"
+
+"I will!" Hellen cried. "May I be yours always--yours to do what you
+like with--in this life and the next."
+
+"And now you shall have your reward," Marguerite exclaimed, clapping her
+hands gleefully. "I will kiss you of my own free will," and throwing her
+arms round his neck, she drew his head down to hers, and kissed him,
+kissed him not once but many times.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An hour later they left the spot and slowly made their way to the
+cottage. As they neared it, loud screams for help rent the air, and
+Hellen, to his horror, heard his wife and children--he could recognize
+their individual voices--shrieking to him to save them.
+
+In an instant he was himself again. All his old affection for home and
+family was restored, and with a loud answering shout he started to rush
+to their assistance. But Marguerite willed otherwise. With a dexterous
+movement of her feet she got in his way and tripped him, and before he
+had time to realize what was happening, she had flung herself on the top
+of him and pinioned him down.
+
+"No!" she said playfully, "you shall not go! You are mine, mine always,
+remember, and if I choose to keep you here with me, here you must
+remain."
+
+He strove to push her off, but he strove in vain; for the slender,
+rounded limbs he had admired so much possessed sinews of steel, and he
+was speedily reduced to a state of utter impotence.
+
+The shrieks from the cottage were gradually lapsing into groans and
+gurgles, all horribly suggestive of what was taking place, but it was
+not until every sound had ceased that Marguerite permitted Hellen to
+rise.
+
+"You may go now," she said with a mischievous smile, kissing him gaily
+on the forehead and giving his cheeks a gentle slap. "Go--and see what a
+lucky man you are, and how speedily your first wish has been gratified."
+
+Sick with apprehension, Hellen flew to the cottage. His worst
+forebodings were realized. Stretched on the floor of their respective
+rooms, with big, gaping wounds in their chests and throats, lay his wife
+and children; whilst cross-legged, on a chest in the kitchen, his dark
+saturnine face suffused with glee, squatted Wilfred.
+
+"Fiend!" shouted Hellen. "I understand it all now. I have been dealing
+with the Spirits of the Harz Mountains. But be you the Devil himself
+you shan't escape me," and snatching an axe from the wall, he aimed a
+terrific blow at Wilfred's head.
+
+The weapon passed right through the form of Wilfred, and Hellen, losing
+his balance, fell heavily to the ground. At this moment Marguerite
+entered.
+
+"Fool!" she cried; "fool, to think any weapon can harm either Wilfred or
+me. We are phantasms--phantasms beyond the power of either Heaven or
+Hell. Come here!"
+
+Impelled by a force he could not resist, Hellen obeyed--and as he gazed
+into her eyes all his blind infatuation for her came back.
+
+"We must part now," she said; "but only for a while--for remember, you
+belong to me. Here is a token"--and she thrust into his hand a wisp of
+her long, golden hair. "Sleep on it and dream of me. Do not look so sad.
+I shall come for you without fail, and by this sign you shall know when
+I am coming. When this mark begins to heal," she said, as, with the nail
+on the forefinger of the right hand, she scratched his forehead, "get
+ready!"
+
+There was then a loud crash--the room and everything in it swam before
+Hellen's eyes, the floor rose and fell, and sinking backwards he
+remembered no more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When he recovered he was lying in the centre of the haunted plot. There
+was nothing to be seen around him except the trees--dark lofty pines
+that, swaying to and fro in the chill night breeze, shook their sombre
+heads at him. A great sigh of relief broke from him--his experiences of
+course had only been a dream. He was trying to collect his thoughts,
+when he discovered that he was holding something tightly clasped in one
+of his hands. Unable to think what it could be, he rose, and held it in
+the full light of the moon. He then saw that it was a tuft of white
+fur--the fur of some animal. Much puzzled, he put it in his pocket, and
+suddenly recollecting his friend, set out for the place where he had
+left him. "I shall soon know," he said to himself, "whether I have been
+asleep all this time--God grant it may be so!" His heart beat fearfully
+as he pressed forward, and he shouted out "Schiller" several times. But
+there was no reply, and presently he came upon the remains, just as he
+had seen them when accompanied by Marguerite. Convinced now that all
+that had taken place was grim reality, he went back along the route
+Schiller and he had taken the preceding day, and in due time reached the
+village. To the landlord of the inn where they had stayed he related
+what had happened. "I am truly sorry for you," the landlord said; "your
+experience has indeed been a terrible one. Every one here knows the
+forest is haunted in that particular spot, and we all give it as wide a
+berth as possible. But you have been most unfortunate, for Wilfred and
+Marguerite, who are werwolves, only visit these parts periodically. I
+last heard of them being seen when I was about ten years of age, and
+they then ate a pedlar called Schwann and his wife."
+
+As soon as Schiller's remains had been brought to the village and
+interred in the cemetery, Hellen, armed to the teeth and accompanied by
+several of the biggest and strongest hounds he could hire--for he could
+get none of the villagers to go with him--spent a whole day searching
+for Wilfred's cottage. But although he was convinced he had found the
+exact spot where it had stood, there were now no traces of it to be
+seen.
+
+At length he returned to the village, and on the following morning set
+out for Frankfort. On his arrival home he was immediately apprised of
+the fact that a terrible tragedy had occurred in his house. His wife and
+children had been found dead in their beds, with their throats cut and
+dreadful wounds in their chests, and the police had not been able to
+find the slightest clue to the murderers. With a terrible sinking at the
+heart Hellen asked for particulars, and learned, as he knew only too
+well he would learn, that the date of the tragedy was identical with
+that of his adventure in the forest.
+
+He tried hard to persuade himself that the coincidence was a mere
+coincidence; but--he knew better. Besides, there was the scratch!--the
+scratch on his forehead.
+
+Moreover, the scratch remained. It remained fresh and raw till a few
+days prior to his death, when it began to heal. And on the day he died
+it had completely healed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE CASE OF THE
+COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER
+
+
+Another case of lycanthropy in Germany, connected with the Harz
+Mountains, occurred somewhere about the beginning of the last century.
+
+Count Von Breber, chief of the police of Magdeburg, whilst away from
+home on a holiday with his young and beautiful wife, the Countess Hilda,
+happened to pass a night in the village of Grautz, in the centre of the
+Harz Mountains.
+
+In the course of a conversation with the innkeeper, the Countess
+remarked: "On our way here this morning we crossed a brook, and
+experienced the greatest difficulty in persuading our dogs to go into
+the water. It is most unusual, as they are generally only too ready for
+a dip. Can you in any way account for it?"
+
+"Were there two very tall poplars, one on either side of the brook?" the
+innkeeper asked; "and did you notice a peculiar--one cannot describe it
+as altogether unpleasant--smell there?"
+
+"We did!" the Count and Countess exclaimed in chorus.
+
+"Then it was the spot locally known as Wolf Hollow," the innkeeper said.
+"No one ventures there after dark, as it has a very evil reputation."
+
+"Stuff and nonsense!" the Count snapped.
+
+"That is as your honour pleases," the innkeeper said humbly. "We village
+folk believe it to be haunted; but, of course, if the subject appears
+ridiculous to you, I will take care I do not refer to it again."
+
+"Please do!" the Countess cried. "I love anything to do with the
+supernatural. Tell us all about it."
+
+The innkeeper gave a little nervous cough, and glancing uneasily at the
+Count, whose face looked more than usually stern in the fading sunlight,
+observed: "They do say, madam, that whoever drinks the water of that
+stream----"
+
+"Yes, yes?" the Countess cried eagerly.
+
+"Suffers a grave misfortune."
+
+"Of what nature?" the Countess demanded; but before the innkeeper could
+answer, the Count cut in:--
+
+"I forbid you to say another word. The Countess has drunk the water
+there, and your cock-and-bull stories will frighten her into fits.
+Confess it is all made up for the benefit of travellers like ourselves."
+
+"Yes, your honour!" the innkeeper stammered, his knees shaking; "I
+confess it is mere talk, but we all be--be--lieve it."
+
+"That will do--go!" the Count cried; and the innkeeper, terrified out of
+his wits, flew out of the room.
+
+Some minutes later mine host received a peremptory summons to appear
+before the Count, who was alone and scowling horribly, in the best
+parlour. He had barely got inside the room before the Count burst out
+wrathfully:--
+
+"I've sent for you, sir, in order to impress upon you the fact that if
+either you or your minions mention one word about that brook to the
+Countess, or to her servants--mark that--I will have the breath flogged
+out of your body and your tongue snipped. Do you hear?"
+
+"Y--yes, your honour," the innkeeper cried. "I ful--fully
+un--understand, and if her ladyship asks me any--anything abou--out the
+br--br--brook, I will lie."
+
+"Which won't trouble you much, eh?"
+
+"N--n--o, your honour! I mean y--yes, your honour! It will be a burden
+on my con--conscience, but I will do anything to pl--please your
+honour."
+
+The interview then terminated, and the innkeeper, bathed in perspiration
+and wishing his lot in life anything but what it was, hastened to
+prepare dinner.
+
+"I hope nothing dreadful will happen to me; I feel that something will,"
+the Countess said, as she let down her long beautiful hair that night.
+"Carl, why did you let me drink the water?"
+
+"The water be ----!" the Count growled. "Didn't you hear what the
+innkeeper said?--that the story was mere invention! If you believe all
+the idle tales you hear, you will soon be in an asylum. Hilda, I'm
+ashamed of you!"
+
+"And I'm ashamed of myself," the Countess cried, "so there!" and she
+flung her arms round his neck and kissed him.
+
+The following morning they left the inn, and, retracing their steps,
+journeyed homewards. The Count looked at his wife somewhat critically;
+she was very pale, and there were dark rims under her eyes.
+
+"I do believe, Hilda," he observed with an assumed gaiety, "you are
+still worrying about that water!"
+
+"I am," she replied; "I had such queer dreams."
+
+He asked her to narrate them, but she refused; and as her sleep now
+became constantly disturbed, and she was getting thin and worried, the
+Count determined that as soon as he reached home he would call in a
+doctor. The latter, examining the Countess, attributed the cause of her
+indisposition to dyspepsia, and ordered her a diet of milk food. But she
+did not get better, and now insisted upon sleeping alone, choosing a
+bedroom situated in a secluded part of the house, where there was
+absolute silence.
+
+The Count remonstrated. "You might at least let me occupy the room next
+to you!" he said.
+
+"No," she replied; "I should hear you if you did. I am sensible now of
+the very slightest sounds, and besides disturbing me, they are a source
+of the greatest annoyance. I feel I shall never get well again unless I
+can have complete rest and quiet. Do let me!" and she fixed her big blue
+eyes on him so earnestly, that he vowed he would see that all her
+wishes, no matter how fanciful, were gratified.
+
+"I hope she won't go mad!" he said to himself; "her behaviour is odd, to
+say the least of it. Odd!--wholly inexplicable."
+
+It was rather too bad that just now, when his mind was harassed with
+misgivings at home, he should also be bothered with disturbances outside
+his own home. But so it was. Events of an unprecedented nature were
+taking place in the town, and it fell to his lot to cope with them.
+Night after night children--mostly of the poorer class--disappeared, and
+despite frantic yet careful and thorough searches, no clue as to what
+had befallen them had, so far, been discovered. The Count doubled the
+men on night duty, but in spite of these and other extraordinary
+precautions the disappearances continued, and the affair--already of the
+utmost gravity--promised to be one that would prove disastrous, not
+merely to the heads of families, but to the head of the police himself.
+So long as the missing ones had been of the lower orders only, the Count
+had not had much to fear--the murmurings of their parents could easily
+be held in check--but now that a few of the children of the rich had
+been spirited away, there was every likelihood of the matter reaching
+the ears of the Court. One evening, when the Count had hardly recovered
+his equanimity after a stormy interview with Herr Meichen, the banker,
+whose three-year-old daughter had vanished, and a still more distressing
+scene with Otto Schmidt, the lawyer, whose six-year-old daughter had
+disappeared, his patience was called upon to undergo a still further
+trial in consequence of a visit from General Carl Rittenberg, a person
+of the greatest importance, not only in the town, but in the whole
+province. Purple in the face with suppressed fury, the General burst
+into the room where the head of the police sat.
+
+"Count!" he cried, striking the table with his fist, "this is beyond a
+joke. My child--my only child--Elizabeth, whom my wife and I
+passionately love, has been stolen. She was walking by my side in
+Frederick Street this afternoon, and as it suddenly became foggy, I left
+her a moment to hail a vehicle to take us home. I wasn't gone from her
+more than half a minute at the most, but when I returned she had gone. I
+searched everywhere, shouting her name; and passers by, compassionate
+strangers, joined me in my search; but though we have looked high and
+low not a trace of her have we been able to discover. I have not told
+her mother yet. God help me--I dare not! I dare not even show my face at
+home without her--my wife will never forgive me----"; and so great was
+his emotion that he buried his face in his hands, and his great body
+heaved and shook. Then he started to his feet, his eyes bulging and
+lurid. "Curse you!" he shrieked; "curse you, Count! it's all your fault!
+Day after day you've sat here, when you ought to have been hunting up
+these rascally police of yours. You've no right to rest one second--not
+one second, do you hear?--till the mystery surrounding these poor lost
+children has been cleared up, and, living or dead--God forbid it should
+prove to be the latter!--they are restored to their parents. Now, mark
+my words, Count, unless my child Elizabeth is found, I'll make your name
+a byword throughout the length and breadth of the country--I'll----";
+but words failed him, and, shaking his fist, he staggered out of the
+room.
+
+The Count was much perturbed. The General was one of the few people in
+the town who really had it in their power to do him harm--the one man
+above all others with whom he had hitherto made it his business to keep
+in. He had not the least doubt but that the General meant all he said,
+and he recognized only too well that his one and only hope of salvation
+lay in the recovery of Elizabeth. But, God in heaven, where could he
+look for her? Sick at heart, he marshalled every policeman in the force,
+and within an hour every street in Magdeburg was being subjected to a
+most rigorous search. The Count was just quitting his office, resolved
+to join in the hunt himself, when a shabbily dressed woman brushed past
+the custodian at the door, and racing up to him, flung herself at his
+feet.
+
+"What the devil does she want?" the Count demanded savagely. "Who is
+she?"
+
+"Martha Brochel, your honour, a poor half-witted creature, who was one
+of the first in the town to lose a child," the door-porter replied; "and
+the shock of it has driven her mad!"
+
+"Mad! mad! Yes! that is just what I am--mad!" the woman broke out.
+"Everything is in darkness. It is always night! There are no houses, no
+chimneys, no lanterns, only trees--big, black trees that rustle in the
+wind, and shake their heads mockingly. And then something hideous comes!
+What is it? Take it away! Take it away! Give her back to me!" And as
+Martha's voice rose to a shriek, she threw her hands over her head, and,
+clenching them, growled and snarled like a wild animal.
+
+"Put her outside!" the Count said with an impatient gesture; "and take
+good care she does not get in here again."
+
+"No! Don't turn me away! Don't! don't!" Martha screamed; "I forgot what
+it was I wanted to tell you--but I remember now. I've seen it!--seen the
+thing that stole my child. There is light--light again! Oh! hear me!"
+
+"Where have you seen it, Martha?" the porter inquired; and looking at
+the Count, he said respectfully: "It is just possible, your honour,
+this woman might be of use to us, and that she has actually seen the
+person who stole her child."
+
+"Rubbish! What right has she to have children?" the Count snapped, and
+he spurned the supplicant with his boot.
+
+The moment she was in the street, however, the head of the police was
+after her. Keeping close behind her, he resolutely dogged her steps. The
+evening was now far advanced, and the fog so dense that the Count,
+though he knew the city, was soon at a total loss as to his whereabouts.
+But on and on the woman went, now deviating to the right, now to the
+left; sometimes pausing as if listening, then tearing on again at such a
+rate that the Count was obliged to run to keep up with her. Suddenly she
+uttered a shrill cry:
+
+"There it is! There it is! The thing that took my child!" and the figure
+of what certainly appeared to be a woman, muffled, and carrying a sack
+on her shoulder, glided across the road just in front of them and
+disappeared in the impenetrable darkness. Martha sped after her, and the
+Count, his hopes raised high, followed in hot pursuit. He failed to
+recognize the ground they were traversing, and presently they came to a
+high wall, over which Martha scrambled with the agility of an acrobat.
+The Count, in attempting to imitate her, damaged his knee and tore his
+clothes, but he also landed safely on the other side. Then on they went,
+Martha with unabated energy, the Count horribly exhausted, and beginning
+to think of turning back, when they were abruptly brought to a
+standstill. The walls of some building loomed right ahead of them. The
+object of their pursuit, again visible, darted through a doorway; whilst
+Martha, with a loud cry of triumph, sprang in after her; but before the
+Count could cross the threshold the door was slammed and locked in his
+face. Then he heard a chorus of the most appalling sounds--sounds so
+strange and unearthly that his blood turned to ice and his hair rose
+straight on end. Rushing footsteps mingled with peculiar soft
+patterings; agonized human screams coupled with the growls and snappings
+of an animal; a heavy thud; gurgles; and then silence.
+
+The Count's courage revived: he hurled himself against the door; it gave
+with a crash, and the next moment he was inside. But what a sight met
+his eyes! The place, which somehow or the other seemed oddly familiar to
+him, was a veritable shambles--floor, walls, and furniture were sodden
+with blood. In every corner were mangled human remains; whilst stretched
+on the ground, opposite the doorway, lay the body of Martha, her face
+unrecognizable and her breast and stomach ripped right open. This was
+terrible enough, but more terrible by far was the author of it all, who,
+having cast aside wraps, now stood fully revealed in the yellow glow of
+a lantern. What the Count saw was a monstrosity--a thing with a woman's
+breast, a woman's hair, golden and curly, but the face and feet were
+those of a wolf; whilst the hands, white and slender, were armed with
+long, glittering nails, cruelly sharp and dripping with blood.
+
+To the Count's astonishment the creature did not attack him, but
+uttering a low plaintive cry, veered round and endeavoured to escape.
+But escape was the very last thing Van Breber would permit. Whatever the
+thing was--beast or devil--it had caused him endless trouble, and if
+allowed to get away now, would go on with its escapades, and so bring
+about his ruin. No! he must kill it. Kill it even at the risk of his own
+life. With a shout of wrath he plunged his sword up to its hilt in the
+thing's back.
+
+It fell to the floor and the Count bent over it curiously. Something was
+happening--something strange and terrifying; but he could not look--he
+was forced to shut his eyes. When he opened them he no longer saw the
+hairy visage of a wolf--he was gazing fondly into the dying eyes of his
+beautiful and much-loved wife. With a rapidity like lightning, he
+recognized his surroundings. He was in a long disused summer-house that
+stood in a remote corner of his own grounds!
+
+"God help me and you, too!" the Countess Hilda whispered, clasping him
+fondly in her arms. "It was the water!--the water I drank in the Harz
+Mountains! I have been bewitched----"; and kissing him feverishly on the
+lips, she sank back--dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE FAMILY OF KLOSKA AND THE LYCANTHROPOUS FLOWER
+
+In the mountainous regions of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula
+are certain flowers credited with the property of converting into
+werwolves whoever plucks and wears them. Needless to say, these flowers
+are very rare, but I have heard of their having been found,
+comparatively recently, both in the Transylvanian Alps and the Balkans.
+A story _à propos_ of one of these discoveries was told me last summer.
+
+Ivan and Olga were the children of Otto and Vera Kloska--the former a
+storekeeper of Kerovitch, a village on the Roumanian side of the
+Transylvanian Alps. One morning they were out with their mother,
+watching her wash clothes in a brook at the back of their house, when,
+getting tired of their occupation, they wandered into a thicket.
+
+"Let's make a chaplet of flowers," Olga said, plucking a daisy. "You
+gather the flowers and I'll weave them together."
+
+"It's not much of a game," Ivan grumbled, "but I can't think of anything
+more exciting just now, so I'll play it. But let's both make wreaths and
+see which makes the best."
+
+To this Olga agreed, and they were soon busily hunting amidst the grass
+and undergrowth, and scrambling into all sorts of possible and
+impossible places.
+
+Presently Ivan heard a scream, followed by a heavy thud, and running in
+the direction of the noise, narrowly avoided falling into a pit, the
+sides of which were partly overgrown with weeds and brambles.
+
+"It's all right," Olga shouted; "I'm not hurt. I landed on soft ground.
+It's not very deep, and there's such a queer flower here--I don't know
+what it is; I've never seen one like it before."
+
+Ivan's curiosity thus aroused, he carefully examined the sides of the
+pit, and, selecting the shallowest spot, lowered himself slowly over and
+then dropped. It was nothing of a distance, seven or eight feet at the
+most, and he alighted without mishap on a clump of rank, luxuriant
+grass. "See! here it is," his sister cried, pointing to a large, very
+vivid white flower, shaped something like a sunflower, but soft and
+pulpy, and full of a sweet, nauseating odour. "It's too big to put in a
+wreath, so I'll wear it in my buttonhole."
+
+"Better not," Ivan said, snatching it from her; "I don't like it. It's a
+nasty-looking thing. I believe it's a sort of fungus."
+
+Olga then began to cry, and as Ivan was desirous of keeping the peace,
+he gave her back the flower. She was a prepossessing child, with black
+hair and large dark eyes, pretty teeth and plump, sunburnt cheeks. Nor
+was she altogether unaware of her attractions, for even at so early an
+age she had a goodly share of the inordinate vanity common to her sex,
+and liked nothing better than appearing out-of-doors in a new frock
+plentifully besprinkled with rosettes and ribbons. The flower, she told
+herself, would look well on her scarlet bodice, and would be a good
+set-off to her black hair and olive complexion. All this was, of course,
+beyond the comprehension of Ivan, who regarded his sister's weakness
+with the most supreme contempt, and for his own part was never so happy
+as when skylarking with other boys and getting into every conceivable
+kind of mischief. Yet for all that he was in the main sensible, almost
+beyond his years, and extremely fond, and--though he would not admit
+it--proud of Olga.
+
+She fixed the flower in her dress, and imitating to the best of her
+knowledge the carriage of royalty, strutted up and down, saying "Am I
+not grand? Don't I look nice? Ivan--salute me!"
+
+And Ivan was preparing to salute her in the proper military style,
+taught him by a great friend of his in the village, a soldier in the
+carabineers for whom he had an intense admiration, when his jaw suddenly
+fell and his eyes bulged.
+
+"Whatever is the matter with you?" Olga asked.
+
+"There's nothing the matter with me," Ivan cried, shrinking away from
+her; "but there is with you. Don't! don't make such faces--they frighten
+me," and turning round, he ran to the place where he had made his
+descent and tried to climb up.
+
+Some minutes later the mother of the children, hearing piercing shrieks
+for help, flew to the pit, and, missing her footing, slipped over the
+brink, and falling some ten or more feet, broke one of her legs and
+otherwise bruised herself. For some seconds she was unconscious, and the
+first sight that met her eyes on coming to was Ivan kneeling on the
+ground, feebly endeavouring to hold at bay a gaunt grey wolf that had
+already bitten him about the legs and thigh, and was now trying hard to
+fix its wicked white fangs into his throat.
+
+"Help me, mother!" Ivan gasped; "I'm getting exhausted. It's Olga."
+
+"Olga!" the mother screamed, making frantic efforts to come to his
+assistance. "Olga! what do you mean?"
+
+"It's all owing to a flower--a white flower," Ivan panted; "Olga would
+pluck it, and no sooner had she fixed it on her dress than she turned
+into a wolf! Quick, quick! I can't hold it off any longer."
+
+Thus adjured the wretched woman made a terrific effort to rise, and
+failing in this, clenched her teeth, and, lying down, rolled over and
+over till she arrived at the spot where the struggle was taking place.
+By this time, however, the wolf had broken through Ivan's guard, and he
+was now on his back with his right arm in the grip of his ferocious
+enemy.
+
+The mother had not a knife, but she had a long steel skewer she used for
+sticking into a tree as a means of fastening one end of her washing
+line. She wore it hanging to her girdle, and it was quite by a miracle
+it had not run into her when she fell.
+
+"Take care, mother," Ivan cried, as she raised it ready to strike;
+"remember, it is Olga."
+
+This indeed was an ugly fact that the woman in her anxiety to save the
+boy had forgotten. What should she do? To merely wound the animal would
+be to make it ten times more savage, in which case it would almost
+inevitably destroy them both. To kill it would mean killing Olga. Which
+did she love the most, the boy or the girl? Never was a mother placed in
+such a dilemma. And she had no time to deliberate, not even a second.
+God help her, she chose. And like ninety-nine out of a hundred mothers
+would have done, she chose the boy; he--he at all costs must be saved.
+She struck, struck with all the pent-up energy of despair, and in her
+blind, mad zeal she struck again.
+
+The first blow, penetrating the werwolf's eye, sank deep into its brain,
+but the second blow missed--missed, and falling aslant, alighted on the
+form beneath.
+
+An hour later a villager on his way home, hearing extraordinary sounds
+of mirth, went to the side of the pit and peeped over.
+
+"Vera Kloska!" he screamed; "Heaven have mercy on us, what have you
+there?"
+
+"He! he! he!" came the answer. "He! he! he! My children! Don't they look
+funny? Olga has such a pretty white flower in her buttonhole, and Ivan a
+red stain on his forehead. They are deaf--they won't reply when I speak
+to them. See if you can make them hear."
+
+But the villager shook his head. "They'll never hear again in this
+world, mad soul," he muttered. "You've murdered them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Besides this white flower there is a yellow one, of the same shape and
+size as a snapdragon; and a red one, something similar to an ox-eyed
+daisy, both of which have the power of metamorphosing the plucker and
+wearer into a werwolf. Both have the same peculiar vividness of colour,
+the same thick, sticky sap, and the same sickly, faint odour. They are
+both natives of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula, and are
+occasionally to be met with in damp, marshy places.
+
+Certain flowers (lilies-of-the-valley, marigolds, and azaleas), as also
+diamonds, are said to attract werwolves, thus proving a source of danger
+to those who wear them. And _à propos_ of this magnetic property of
+diamonds the following anecdote comes to me from the Tyrol:--
+
+
+A WERWOLF IN INNSBRUCK
+
+Madame Mildau was one of the prettiest women in Innsbruck. She had
+golden hair, large violet eyes, a smile that would melt a Loyola, and
+diamonds that set every woman's mouth watering. With such inducements to
+seduction, how could Madame Mildau help delighting in balls and fêtes,
+and in promenading constantly before the public? She revelled in a
+universal admiration--she aimed at a monopoly--and she lived wholly and
+solely to exact homage. To be deprived of any single opportunity of
+displaying her charms and consequent triumphs would indeed have been a
+hardship, and to nothing short of a very serious indisposition would
+Madame Mildau have sacrificed her pleasure.
+
+Now it so happened that three of the most brilliant entertainments of
+the season fell on the same night, and Madame Mildau, with all the
+unreason of her sex, desired to attend each one of them.
+
+"I have accepted these three invitations," she informed her husband,
+"and to these three balls I mean to go. I shall apportion the time
+equally between them. You forget," she added, "that the success of these
+entertainments really depends on me. Crowds go only to see me, and I
+should never forgive myself if I disappointed them."
+
+But her husband, with the perversity characteristic of gout and middle
+age, combined, no doubt, with a not unnatural modicum of jealousy,
+maintained that one such fête should be sufficient amusement for one
+night. She might take her choice of one; he would on no account permit
+her to attend all three. Much to his surprise and delight Madame Mildau
+made no scene, but graciously submitted after a few mild protestations.
+A little later her husband remarked encouragingly:--
+
+"I congratulate you, Julia, on your philosophy and self-restraint. In
+yielding to my wishes you have pleased me immeasurably, and I should
+like to show my gratification in some substantial manner. As it is some
+months since I gave you a present, I have resolved to make you one now.
+You may choose what you like."
+
+"I have chosen," Madame Mildau replied calmly.
+
+"What, already!" her husband cried. "You sly creature. You have been
+keeping this up your sleeve. What is it?"
+
+"A diamond tiara," was the cool reply. "The one you said you could not
+afford last Christmas."
+
+"Mon Dieu!" her husband gasped. "I shall be ruined."
+
+"You will be ruined if you do not give it to me," Madame Mildau replied,
+"for in that case I should leave you. I couldn't live with a liar."
+
+Her husband wrung his hands. He implored her to choose something else,
+but it was of no avail, and within two hours Madame Mildau had visited
+the jeweller and the tiara was hers.
+
+The eventful day came at last, and Madame Mildau, escorted by her
+husband, attended one of the most popular balls of the season. She did
+not wear her tiara. There had been several highway jewellery robberies
+in the neighbourhood of late, and she pleased her husband immensely by
+leaving her diamonds carefully locked up at home.
+
+"You are prudence itself," he said, gazing at her in admiration. "And as
+a reward you shall dance all the evening whilst I look on and admire
+you."
+
+But soon Madame Mildau could dance no longer. She had a very bad
+headache, and begged her husband to take her home. M. Mildau was very
+sympathetic. He was very sorry for his wife, and suggested that she
+should take some brandy. She readily agreed that a little brandy might
+do her good, and they took some together in their bedroom, after which
+madame's husband remembered little more. He had a vague notion that his
+wife was rolling his neck-handkerchief round his forehead in the form of
+a Turkish turban, and patting him on the cheeks and smilingly wishing
+him a thousand pleasant dreams, and then--all was a blank. He might as
+well have been dead. With madame it was otherwise. The headache was, of
+course, a ruse. The brandy she had given her husband had been well
+drugged, and no sooner had she made sure it had taken effect than she
+snapped her daintily manicured finger-tips in the air, and retiring to
+her dressing-room, changed the dress she was wearing for one ten times
+more costly and beautiful--a dress of rose-coloured gauze, upon which a
+drapery of lace was suspended by agraffes of diamonds. A wreath of pale
+roses, that seemed to have been bathed in the dew of the morning, the
+better to harmonize with the delicate complexion of her lovely face,
+nestled in her hair, and above it, more magnificent than anything yet
+seen in Innsbruck, and setting off to perfection the dazzling lustre of
+her yellow curls, the tiara of diamonds.
+
+After a final survey of herself in the glass, she slipped on her cloak,
+and stole softly out to join her intimate friend, the Countess Linitz,
+who was also going to the ball. All things so far had worked wonderfully
+well; not even a servant suspected her. In order to avoid trusting her
+secret to anyone in the house, she had employed a stranger to hire an
+elegant carriage, which was in waiting for her at a discreet distance
+from the front door. The ball at which Madame Mildau soon arrived with
+her friend was much more to her liking than the one to which she had
+been previously escorted by her husband. The music was more harmonious,
+the conversation more amiable, the dresses more elaborate, and, what
+was more important than all, Madame Mildau's success was even more
+instantaneous and complete. The whole room--host, guests, musicians,
+even waiters--one and all were literally dumbfounded at the
+extraordinary beauty of her face and costume, to say nothing of her
+jewels. Such an entrancing spectacle was without parallel in a ballroom
+in Innsbruck; and when she left, before the entertainment was over, all
+the life, the light, the gaiety went with her.
+
+But it was at the third ball, to which the same equipage surreptitiously
+bore her, that Madame Mildau's enjoyment and triumphs reached their
+zenith; and it was only towards the close of that entertainment--when
+she felt, by that revelation of instinct which never deceives women on
+similar occasions, that it was time to depart; that the brilliancy of
+her eyes, no less than the beauty of her dress, was fading; that her
+lips, parched with fatigue, had lost that humid red which rendered them
+so pretty and inviting, and that the dust had taken the beautiful gloss
+off her hair--that she experienced, for the first time, a sentiment of
+uneasiness in reviewing the rashness of her conduct. How was it
+possible, she asked herself, to prevent a casual acquaintance--her
+friends she could warn--letting out in conversation before her husband
+that she had been to these balls. And supposing he thus got to know of
+her deceit, what then?
+
+This idea--the idea of being found out--with all its consequences, rose
+before her. Her exhausted imagination could find nothing to oppose it,
+nothing to relieve the feeling of depression which took possession of
+her, and she almost felt remorse when she threw herself into her
+carriage. It was a very dark night, cold and windy, and she was only too
+thankful to nestle close into the soft cushions at her back, and bury
+her face in the warm fur of her costly wrap. For some minutes she
+remained absorbed in thought; but it was not long before the monotonous
+rumble, rumble of the carriage produced a sensation of drowsiness, from
+which she was rudely awakened by the sound of a cough. Glancing in the
+direction from whence it came, to her utmost dismay and astonishment she
+saw, seated in the opposite corner of the vehicle, a young man of good,
+if somewhat peculiar appearance, and extremely well dressed. Madame
+Mildau instantly took in all the disadvantages of her situation, and,
+overwhelmed by the imprudence of her conduct, exclaimed in a tone in
+which dignity and terror struggled for mastery, "Sir, what audacity!"
+
+"Yes, indeed, what audacity!" the stranger replied, affecting to be
+shocked. "What pride! What a love of display!" and he rolled his big
+eyes at her and bared his teeth.
+
+"But, sir," Madame Mildau cried in horror, concluding that the unknown
+was a madman, "this is _my_ carriage. I beg you will depart--I beseech
+you--I command you. I will summon my servants."
+
+"That will be a vain waste of valuable breath," replied the young man
+coolly. "You may call your servants--but there is only one, and he is
+mine. He will not answer you."
+
+"Where am I, then? How infamous!" exclaimed Madame Mildau, and she burst
+into tears. "Oh, how cruelly punished I am!"
+
+"It is true, madame, you will be punished for having been agreeable,
+gay, and brilliant to-night without the consent of your husband; but at
+present he knows nothing about it, for at this moment he reposes in the
+sleep of the just, confident that you are enjoying the same repose close
+to him. As to yourself, madame, why this fear? You will have nothing to
+dread, I assure you, from my indiscretion; but, as you may be aware,
+there is no fault, however small, that has not its expiation. Nay, do
+not weep. Am I so ugly? Why should you dread me so, madame? I am a great
+admirer of your charms, desirous to know you better. Nay, have no
+suspicions as to my morality--I am no profligate. I came to the ball
+to-night for quite another purpose."
+
+"Sir, I understand you. You are employed by my husband. A spy!
+Detestable!"
+
+"Stop, madame," the stranger said, laying his hand gently on hers.
+"Debase not the dignity of man by imagining for one instant that there
+is anyone who would lend himself so readily to act the odious part you
+impute to me. I am no spy."
+
+"In Heaven's name, then," Madame Mildau exclaimed, "what brings you
+here? What do you want? Who are you?"
+
+"One at a time, madame," the young man ejaculated. "To begin with, it
+was those diamonds of yours--those rings on your soft and delicate
+fingers, those bracelets on your slender rounded wrists, that necklace
+and pendant on your snowy breast, and over and above all that splendid
+tiara on your matchless hair. It was the sight of all those bright and
+gleaming stars that attracted me, just as the light of a candle attracts
+a moth. I could not resist them."
+
+"Then you--you are a robber!" stammered the lady, ready to faint with
+terror.
+
+"Wrong again!" the young man said; "I admire your jewels, it is true,
+but I am no thief."
+
+"Then, in mercy's name, what are you?" demanded the lady.
+
+"Well!" the stranger replied, speaking with a slight snarl, "I am a man
+now, but I shall soon change."
+
+"A man and will soon change?" Madame Mildau cried; "oh, you're mad,
+mad--and I'm shut up in here with a lunatic! Help! help!"
+
+"Calmly, calmly," the stranger exclaimed, lifting her hands to his lips
+and kissing them. "I'm perfectly sane, and at present perfectly
+harmless. Now tell me, madame--and mind, be candid with me--why don't
+you love your husband?"
+
+"How do you know I don't?" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"Tut, tut!" the young man said. "Anyone could see that with half an eye.
+Besides, consider your conduct to-night! Answer my questions."
+
+"Well, you see!" Madame Mildau stammered, having come to the conclusion
+that even if the man were not mad it would be highly impolitic to
+provoke him, "I'm so much younger than he is. I'm only twenty-three,
+whereas he is forty-five. Besides, he detests all amusements, and I love
+them--especially dances. He is too fat to----"
+
+"Are you sure he is fat? Will you swear he is fat?" the stranger asked,
+grasping her hands so tightly that she screamed.
+
+"I swear it!" she said, "he is quite the fattest man I know."
+
+"And tender! But no, he can't be very tender!"
+
+"What questions to ask!" Madame Mildau said. "How do I know whether he
+is tender! Besides, what does it concern you?"
+
+"It concerns me much," the young man retorted; "and you, too, madame.
+You asked me just now a question concerning myself. Your curiosity shall
+be satisfied. I am a werwolf. My servant on the box who took the place
+of your employé is a werwolf. In an hour the metamorphosis will take
+place. You are out here in the Wood of Arlan alone with us."
+
+"In the Wood of Arlan!"
+
+"Yes, madame, in the Wood of Arlan, which is, as you know, one of the
+wildest and least frequented spots in this part of the Tyrol. We are
+both ravenously hungry, and--well, you can judge the rest!"
+
+Madame Mildau, who regarded werwolves in the same category as satyrs and
+mermaids, was once more convinced that she had to deal with a lunatic,
+but thinking it wisest to humour him, she said, "I shouldn't advise you
+to eat me. I'm not at all nice. I'm dreadfully tough."
+
+"You're not that," the young man said, "but I'm not at all sure that
+the paint and powder on your cheeks might not prove injurious. Anyhow, I
+have decided to spare you on one condition!"
+
+"Yes! and that is?" Madame Mildau exclaimed, clapping her hands
+joyfully.
+
+"That you let me have your husband instead. Give me the keys of your
+house, and my man and I will fetch him. Did you leave him sound asleep?"
+
+"Yes!" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"In other words you drugged him! I knew it! I can read it in your eyes.
+Well--so much the better. Your foresight has proved quite providential.
+We will bind you securely and leave you here whilst we are gone, and
+when we return with your husband you shall be freed, and my man shall
+drive you home. The key?"
+
+Madame Mildau gave it him. With the aid of his servant--a huge man, well
+over six feet and with the chest and limbs of a Hercules--the stranger
+then proceeded to gag and bind Madame Mildau hand and foot, and lifting
+her gently on to the road, fastened her securely to the trunk of a tree.
+
+"Au revoir!" he exclaimed, kissing her lightly on the forehead. "We
+shan't be long! These horses go like the wind."
+
+The next moment he was gone. For some seconds Madame Mildau struggled
+desperately to free herself; then, recognizing the futility of her
+efforts, resigned herself to her fate. At last she heard the clatter of
+horses' hoofs and the rumble of wheels, and in a few minutes she was
+once again free.
+
+"Quick!" the stranger said, leading her by the arm, "there's not a
+moment to lose. The transmutation has already begun. In a few seconds we
+shall both be wolves and your fate will be sealed. We've got your
+husband, and, fortunately for you, he is as you described him, nice and
+plump. If you want to take a final peep at him, do so at once; it's your
+last chance."
+
+But Madame Mildau had no such desire. She moved aside as her husband,
+clad in his pyjamas and still sleeping soundly, was lifted out of the
+vehicle and placed on the ground, and then, hurriedly brushing past him,
+was about to enter the carriage, when the young man interposed.
+
+"On the box, madame. We could not find you a coachman--you must drive
+yourself; and as you value your life, drive like the----"
+
+But madame did not wait for further instructions. Springing lightly on
+the box, she picked up the reins, and with a crack of the whip the
+horses were off. A minute later, and the wild howl of wolves, followed
+by a piercing human scream, rang out in the still morning air.
+
+"That's my husband! I recognize his voice," Madame Mildau sighed. "Ah,
+well! thank God, the man wasn't a robber. My diamonds are safe."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN
+
+
+Werwolves are, perhaps, rather less common in Spain than in any other
+part of Europe. They are there almost entirely confined to the
+mountainous regions (more particularly to the Sierra de Guadarrama, the
+Cantabrian, and the Pyrenees), and are usually of the male species.
+Generally speaking the property of lycanthropy in Spain appears to be
+hereditary; and, as one would naturally expect in a country so
+pronouncedly Roman Catholic, to rid the lycanthropist of his unenviable
+property it is the custom to resort to exorcism. Though they are
+extremely rare, both flowers and streams possessing the power of
+transmitting the property of werwolfery are to be found in the
+Cantabrian mountains and the Pyrenees.
+
+And in Spain, as in Austria-Hungary, precious stones--particularly
+rubies--not infrequently, and often with disastrous results, attract
+the werwolf.
+
+The following case of a Spanish werwolf may be taken as typical:--
+
+In the month of September, 1853, a young man, one Paul Nicholas, arrived
+from Paris at Pamplona, and took up his abode at l'Hôtel Hervada.
+
+He was rich, idle, sleek; and the sole object of his stay at Pamplona
+was the pursuit of some little adventure wherewith he might be
+temporarily employed, and whereof perchance he might afterwards boast.
+Well, in the hotel there had arrived, a day or two before Monsieur
+Nicholas, a young and beautiful lady, the effect of whose personal
+attractions was intensified by certain mysterious circumstances. No one
+knew her; she had no one with her--not even a servant to be bribed--and
+although eminently fitted to shine in society, she went neither to the
+opera nor the dance. As may be readily understood, she was soon the sole
+topic of conversation in the hotel. Every one talked of her rare beauty,
+elegance, and musical genius, and immediately after dinner, when she
+retired to her room, many of the guests would steal upstairs after her,
+and, stationing themselves outside her door, would remain there for
+hours to listen to her singing.
+
+Paul Nicholas's head was completely turned. To have such a neighbour,
+with the face and voice of an angel, and yet not to know her! It was
+enough to drive him wild. At last, to every one's surprise, the
+mysterious lady, apparently so exclusive, permitted the advances of a
+very commonplace, middle-aged gentleman with hardly a hair on his head
+and a paunch that was voted quite disgusting.
+
+The friendship between the two ripened fast. In defiance of all
+conventionality, the lady took to sitting out late at night with her
+elderly admirer, and, with an absolute disregard of decorum, accompanied
+him on long excursions. Finally, she went away with him altogether. On
+the occasion of this latter event every one in the hotel heaved a sigh
+of relief, saving Paul.
+
+Paul was disconsolate. He stayed on, hovering about the places she had
+most frequented, and hoping to see in every fresh arrival at the hotel
+his adored one come back. His pitiable condition gained no sympathy.
+
+"Silly fellow!" was the general comment. "He is desperately in love! And
+with such a creature! What an idiot!"
+
+But Paul's patience was at length rewarded, his devotion apparently
+justified, for the lady returned, unaccompanied; and so great was the
+charm of her personality that within two days of her reappearance she
+had completely won back the hearts of her fellow-guests. Again every
+one raved of her.
+
+Meanwhile, Paul Nicholas became more enamoured than ever. He bought a
+guitar, and composed love lyrics--which he sang outside her door, from
+morning till night, with all that wealth of tenderness so uniquely
+expressible in a human voice--but it was all in vain. For the lady,
+whose name had at last leaked out--it was Isabelle de Nurrez--had
+yielded to the attentions of another stout, middle-aged gentleman, with
+whom in due course she departed.
+
+This was too much even for her most ardent admirers. Every guest in the
+hotel protested, and petitioned that she might not be readmitted.
+
+But mine host shook his head with scant apology. "I cannot help it," he
+said. "The lady pays more for her rooms than all the rest of you put
+together, so why should I turn her out? After all, if she likes to have
+many sweethearts, why shouldn't she? It is her own concern, neither
+yours nor mine. It harms no one!"
+
+And some of the guests, seeing logic in their landlord's views,
+remained; others went. As for Paul, he was immeasurably shocked at the
+bad taste of his adored one; but he stayed on, and within a few days, as
+he had fondly hoped, the fickle creature returned--and, as before,
+returned alone. It was then that he resolved on writing to her. With a
+crow-quill almost as fine as the long silky eyelashes of Isabella, on a
+sheet of paper whose border of Cupids, grapes, vases, and roses left
+little--too little--space for writing, he indited his letter, which,
+when completed, he sealed with a seal of azure blue wax, bearing the
+device of a dove ready for flight. And so scented was this epistle that
+it perfumed the entire hotel in its transit by means of a servant (well
+paid for the purpose) to mademoiselle's room. Again--this time for an
+endless amount of trouble and expense--Paul was rewarded. When next he
+met mademoiselle, and an opportune moment arrived, she looked at him,
+and as her lovely eyes scanned his manly, if somewhat portly figure, she
+smiled--smiled a smile of satisfaction which meant much. Paul Nicholas
+was in ecstasies. He hardly knew how to contain himself; he sighed,
+radiated, and wriggled about to such an extent that the attention of
+every one in the place was directed to him; whereupon Mlle de Nurrez
+turned very red and frowned. Paul's expectations now sank to zero; for
+the rest of the day he was almost too miserable to live. But Mlle de
+Nurrez, no doubt perceiving him to be truly penitent for having so
+embarrassed her, forgave him, and on his way to dinner he received a
+note in her own pretty handwriting giving him permission to make her
+acquaintance without any further introduction. The way thus paved,
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, overjoyed, lost no time in seeking out the lady.
+She was singing a wild sweet song as he entered her sitting-room, and
+her back, turned to the door, gave him an opportunity of observing, as
+she leant over her guitar, the most exquisite shoulders and the
+prettiest-shaped head in the world. With graceful confusion she rose to
+greet him, and her long eyelashes fell over eyes black and brilliant as
+those that awakened the furore of two continents--the eyes of Lola
+Montez. She was dressed in white; her rich dark hair was held in place
+with combs of gold; her girdle was of gold, and so also were the massive
+bracelets on her arms, which--so perfect was their symmetry--might well
+have been fashioned by a sculptor.
+
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, with the air of a prince, escorted her to the
+dining-room; and over champagne, coffee, and liqueurs their friendship
+grew apace. Some hours later, when ensconced together in a cosy retreat
+on the terrace, and the fast disappearing lights in the hotel windows
+warned them it would soon be prudent to retire, Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed
+with a sigh:--
+
+"You have told me so much about yourself, whilst I--I have told you
+nothing in return. Alas! I have a history. My parents are dead--my
+mother died when I was a baby, and my father, who was a very wealthy
+man--having accumulated his money in the business of a cork merchant
+which he carried on for years in Portugal--died just six months ago. He
+was on a voyage for his health in the Mediterranean, when he formed an
+acquaintance with a young Hindu, Prince Dajarah who soon acquired
+unbounded influence over him. My father died on this voyage, and--God
+forgive my suspicions!--but his death was strange and sudden. On opening
+his will, it was found that all his property was left to me--but only on
+the condition that I married Prince Dajarah."
+
+"Marry a black man! Mon Dieu, how terrible!" Paul Nicholas cried.
+
+"You are right. It was terrible!" Mlle de Nurrez went on. "And if I
+refused to marry Prince Dajarah, he, according to the will, would
+inherit everything. Well, Prince Dajarah was persistent; he declared
+that it was my duty to marry him, to fulfil my father's dying wish. It
+was in vain that I implored his mercy--that I told him I could never
+return his affections. And at last, finding that upon Prince Dajarah
+neither remonstrance nor reproach had any effect, I fled to a town some
+ten miles distant from this hotel, taking with me what money and
+jewellery I possessed.
+
+"Alas! he soon discovered my whereabouts, and with the sole object of
+continuing his persecution of me, speedily established himself in the
+house--which, unfortunately for me, happened to be vacant--next to mine.
+My money is nearly exhausted, I have no resources, and unless some one
+intervenes, some one brave and fearless, some one who really loves me, I
+shall undoubtedly be forced into a marriage with this odious wretch.
+Heavens, the bare idea of it is poisonous! You remember the two men who
+paid such marked attentions to me a short time ago?"
+
+Paul Nicholas nodded. His emotion was such he could not speak.
+
+"They both imagined they were in love with me. They swore they would
+confront the black tyrant and kill him; but when they were put to the
+test--when I took them and pointed him out to them--they went white as a
+sheet, and--fled."
+
+"Why torture me thus?" Paul Nicholas cried. "Tell me--only tell me what
+it is you want me to do!"
+
+"Do you love me?"
+
+"More than my life."
+
+"More than your soul?"
+
+"More than my soul."
+
+"Will you save me from a fate more horrible than death?"
+
+"If I go to Hell for you--yes!" Paul said, gazing on a face lovely as a
+dream.
+
+"You must come with me to his house to-morrow then! You must come armed.
+You must kill him."
+
+"Kill him!" Paul cried, turning pale.
+
+"Well?"
+
+"But it will be murder--assassination."
+
+"Murder, to kill him--a tyrant--a black man! Bah! Are you too a coward?"
+And she sprang to her feet, the veins swelling on her white brow, her
+cheeks colouring, her eyes flashing fire, as if she, at least, knew not
+the meaning of fear. "Sooner than let such a wretch inherit my father's
+wealth," she cried out, "I will kill him myself--kill him, or perish in
+the attempt."
+
+Paul Nicholas encountered the earnest gaze of her large, bright eyes,
+the pleading of her beautiful mouth, and the sweetness of her breath
+fanned his nostrils. A terrific wave of passion swept over him. He loved
+as he had never loved before--as he had never deemed it possible to
+love: and in his mad worship of the woman he believed to be as pure as
+she was fair, he forgot that the devil hides safest where he is least
+suspected. Seizing her small white hands in his, he swore upon them to
+do her will; and he would have gone on making all sorts of wild,
+impassioned speeches had not Mlle de Nurrez reminded him that it was
+past locking-up time.
+
+She crossed the main hall of the hotel with him, and as she turned to
+bid him good night prior to ascending to her quarters, her eyes met
+his--met his in one long, lingering glance that he assured himself could
+only have meant love.
+
+Next morning the guests in the hotel received another shock. Mlle de
+Nurrez had gone off again--this time with Monsieur Paul Nicholas--that
+good-looking, well-to-do young man, at whom all the matrons with
+marriageable daughters had in vain cast longing eyes.
+
+Now, although Paul Nicholas had little knowledge of geography, he could
+not help remarking, as he journeyed with Mlle Nurrez, that their route
+was in an exactly opposite direction to that leading to the town which
+his companion had named to him as her place of residence. He pointed out
+his difficulty, but Mlle de Nurrez only laughed.
+
+"Wait!" she said. "Wait and see. We shall get there all right. You must
+trust to my wit."
+
+Paul Nicholas made no further comment. He was already in the seventh
+heaven--that was enough for him; and leaning back, he continued gazing
+at her profile.
+
+The afternoon passed away, the sun sank, and night and its shadows moved
+solemnly on them. Gradually the roadside trees became distinguishable
+only as deeper masses of shadow, and Paul Nicholas could only tell they
+were trees by the peculiar sodden odour that, from time to time,
+sluggishly flowed in at the open window of the carriage. Of necessity,
+they were proceeding slowly--the road was for the most part uphill, and
+the horses, though tough and hardy natives of the mountains, had begun
+to show signs of flagging. They did not pass by a soul, and even the
+sighs of astonished cattle, whose ruminating slumbers they had routed,
+at last became events of the greatest rarity. At each yard they advanced
+the wildness of the country increased, and although the landscape was
+hidden, its influence was felt. Paul Nicholas knew, as well as if he had
+seen them, that he was in the presence of grotesque, isolated boulders,
+wide patches of bare, desolate soil, gaunt trees, and profound
+straggling fissures.
+
+Being so long confined in a limited space, although in that space was a
+paradise, he felt the exquisite agony of cramp, and when, after sundry
+attempts to stretch himself, he at length found a position that afforded
+him temporary relief, it was only to become aware of a more refined
+species of torture. The springs of the carriage rising and falling
+regularly, produced a rhythmical beat, which began to painfully absorb
+his attention, and to slowly merge into a senseless echo of one of his
+observations to Mlle de Nurrez. And when he was becoming reconciled to
+this inferno, another forced itself upon him. How quiet the driver was!
+Was there any driver? He couldn't see any. Possibly, nay, probably--why
+not?--the driver was lying gagged and bound on the roadside, and a
+bandit, one of the notorious Spanish bandits, against whom his friends
+in Paris had so emphatically warned him, was on the box driving him to
+his obscure lair in the heart of the mountains. Or was the original
+driver himself a bandit, and the beautiful girl reclining on the
+cushions a bandit's daughter? He dozed, and on coming to his waking
+senses again, discovered that the darkness had slightly lifted. He could
+see the distant horizon, defined by inky woods, outlined on a lighter
+sky. A few stars, scattered here and there in this tableau, whilst
+emphasizing the vastness of the space overhead--a vastness that was
+positively annihilating--at the same time conveyed a sense of solitude
+and loneliness, in perfect harmony with the trees, and rocks, and
+gorges. The effect was only transitory, for with a suddenness almost
+reminding one of stage mechanism, the moon burst through its temporary
+covering of clouds, and in a moment the whole country-side was illumined
+with a soft white glow. It was a warm night, and the breeze that rolled
+down from the mountain peaks, so remote and passionless, was charged to
+overflowing with resinous odours, mingled with which, and just strong
+enough to be recognizable, was the faint, pungent smell of decay. A
+couple of hares, looking somewhat ashamed of themselves, sprang into
+upright positions, and with frightened whisks of their tails disappeared
+into a clump of ferns. With a startled hiss a big snake drew back under
+cover of a boulder, and a hawk, balked of its prey by the sudden
+brilliant metamorphosis, uttered an indignant croak. But none of these
+protests against the moon's innocent behaviour were heeded by Paul
+Nicholas, whose whole attention was riveted on a large sombre building
+standing close by the side of the road. At the first glimpse of the
+place, so huge, grim, and silent, he was seized with a sensation of
+absolute terror. Nothing mortal could surely inhabit such a house. The
+dark, frowning walls and vacant, eye-like windows threw back a thousand
+shadows, and suggested as many eerie fancies--fancies that were
+corroborated by a few rank sedges and two or three white trunks of
+decayed trees that rose up on either side of the building; but of
+life--human life--there was not the barest suspicion.
+
+"What a nightmare of a house!" Paul Nicholas exclaimed, gazing with a
+shudder upon the remodelled and inverted images of the grey sedge, the
+ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant, eye-like windows in a black and
+lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre along the edge of the wood.
+
+"It's where he lives!" Mlle de Nurrez whispered.
+
+"What! do you mean to say that it is to this house you have brought me?"
+Paul shrieked. "To this awful, deserted ghostly mansion! Why have you
+lied to me?"
+
+"I was afraid you wouldn't care to come if I described the place too
+accurately," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Forgive me--and pity me, too, for it
+is here that Prince Dajarah would have me spend my life."
+
+Paul trembled.
+
+"For God's sake, don't desert me!" Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed, laying her
+hand softly on his shoulder. "Think of the terrible fate that will
+befall me! Think of your promises, your vows!"
+
+But Paul Nicholas did not respond all at once. His brain was in a
+whirl. He had been deceived, cruelly deceived! And with what motive? Was
+Mlle de Nurrez's explanation genuine? Could there be anything genuine
+about a girl who told an untruth? Once a liar always a liar! Did not
+that maxim hold good? Was it not one he had heard repeatedly from
+childhood? What should he do? What could he do? He was here, alone with
+this woman and her coachman, in one of the wildest and most outlandish
+regions of Spain. God alone knew where! To attempt to return would be
+hopeless--sheer imbecility; he would most certainly get lost on the
+mountains, and perish from hunger and thirst, or fall over some
+precipice, or into the jaws of a bear; or, at all events, come to some
+kind of an untimely end. No! there was no alternative, he must remain
+and trust in Mlle de Nurrez. But the house was appalling; he did not
+like looking at it, and the bare thought of its interior froze his
+blood. Then he awoke to the fact that she was still addressing him, that
+her soft hands were lying on his, that her beautiful eyes were gazing
+entreatingly at him, that her full ripe lips were within a few inches of
+his own. The moon lent her its glamour, and his old love reasserting
+itself with quick, tempestuous force, he drew her into his arms and
+kissed her repeatedly. Some minutes later and they had crossed the
+threshold of the mansion. All was as he had pictured it--grim and
+hushed, and bathed in moonbeams.
+
+The coachman led the way, and with muffled, stealthy footstep conducted
+them across dark halls and along intricate passages, up long and winding
+staircases--all bare and cold; through vast gloomy rooms, the walls and
+floors of which were of black oak, the former richly carved, and in
+places hung with ancient tapestry, displaying the most grotesque and
+startling devices. The windows, long, narrow, and pointed, with
+trellised panes, were at so great a height from the ground that the
+light was limited, and whilst certain spots were illuminated, many of
+the remoter angles and recesses were left in total darkness. Monsieur
+Paul Nicholas did not attempt to explore. At each step he took he fully
+anticipated a something, too dreadful to imagine, would spring out on
+him. The rustling of drapery and the rattling of phantasmagoric armorial
+trophies, in response to the vibration of their footsteps, made his hair
+stand on end, and he was reduced to a state of the most abject terror
+long before they arrived at their destination.
+
+At last he was ushered into a small, bare, dimly lighted room. From the
+centre of the ceiling was suspended an oil lamp, and immediately under
+it was a marble table. Walls and floor were composed of rough uncovered
+granite. The atmosphere was fetid, and tainted with the same peculiar,
+pungent odour noticeable outside.
+
+"This is the room," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Prince Dajarah will be here in
+a minute. Have you your pistol ready?"
+
+"Yes, see!" and Paul Nicholas pulled it out from his coat-pocket and
+showed it her.
+
+"Have you any other weapons?" she asked, examining it curiously.
+
+"Yes, a sheath-knife," Paul Nicholas replied a trifle nervously.
+
+"Let me look at it," Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed. "I have a weakness for
+knives--a rather uncommon trait in a woman, isn't it?"
+
+He handed it to her, and she fingered the blade cautiously. Then with a
+sudden movement she leaped away from him.
+
+"Fool!" she cried. "Do you think I could ever love a man as fat as you?
+The story I told you was a lie from beginning to end. I don't remember
+either of my parents--my mother ran away from home when I was two, and
+my father died the following year. I married entirely of my own free
+will--married the man I loved, and he--happened to be a werwolf!"
+
+"A werwolf!" Paul Nicholas shrieked. "God help me! I thought there were
+no such things!"
+
+"Not in France, perhaps," Mlle de Nurrez said derisively; "but in Spain,
+in the Pyrenees, many! At certain times of the year my husband won't
+touch animal food, and if I didn't procure him human flesh he would die
+of starvation, or in sheer despair eat me. Here he is."
+
+And as she spoke the door opened, and on the threshold stood a
+singularly handsome young man clad in the gay uniform of a Carlist
+general.
+
+"Capital!" he exclaimed, as his eyes fell on Paul. "Magnificent! He is
+quite as fat as the other two. How clever of you, darling!" and throwing
+his arms round her, he embraced her tenderly. A few seconds later and he
+suddenly thrust her from him.
+
+"Quick! quick!" he cried. "Run away, darling! run away instantly. I can
+feel myself changing!" and he pushed her gently to the door.
+
+Mlle de Nurrez took one glance at Paul as she left the room. "Poor
+fool!" she said, half pityingly, half mockingly. "Poor fat fool! Though
+you may no longer believe in women you will certainly believe in
+werwolves--now." And as the door slammed after her, the wildest of
+shrieks from within demonstrated that, for once in her life, Mlle de
+Nurrez had spoken the truth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS
+
+
+Belgium abounds in stories of werwolves, all more or less of the same
+type. As in France, the werwolf, in Belgium, is not restricted to one
+sex, but is, in an equal proportion, common to both.
+
+By far the greater number of werwolfery cases in this country are to be
+met with amongst the sand-dunes on the sea coast. They also occur in the
+district of the Sambre; but I have never heard of any lycanthropous
+streams or pools in Belgium, nor yet of any wolf-producing flowers, such
+as are, at times, found in the Balkan Peninsula.
+
+Though the property of lycanthropy here as elsewhere has been acquired
+through the invocation of spirits--the ceremony being much the same as
+that described in an earlier chapter--nearly all the cases of werwolfery
+in Belgium are hereditary.
+
+In Belgium, as in other Roman Catholic countries, great faith is
+attached to exorcism, and for the expulsion of every sort of "evil
+spirit" various methods of exorcism are employed. For example, a werwolf
+is sprinkled with a compound either of 1/2 ounce of sulphur, 4 drachms
+of asafœtida, 1/4 ounce of castoreum; or of 3/4 ounce of hypericum in
+3 ounces of vinegar; or with a solution of carbolic acid further diluted
+with a pint of clear spring water. The sprinkling must be done over the
+head and shoulders, and the werwolf must at the same time be addressed
+in his Christian name. But as to the success or non-success of these
+various methods of exorcism I cannot make any positive statement. I have
+neither sufficient evidence to affirm their efficacy nor to deny it. Rye
+and mistletoe are considered safeguards against werwolves, as is also a
+sprig from a mountain ash. This latter tree, by the way, attracts evil
+spirits in some countries--Ireland, India, Spain, for instance--and
+repels them in others. It was held in high esteem, as a preservative
+against phantasms and witches, by the Druids, and it may to this day be
+seen growing, more frequently than any other, in the neighbourhood of
+Druidical circles, both in Great Britain and on the Continent.
+
+In many parts of Belgium the peasantry would not consider their house
+safe unless a mountain ash were growing within a few feet of it.
+
+
+A CASE OF WERWOLVES IN THE ARDENNES
+
+A case of werwolfery is reported to have happened, not so long ago, in
+the Ardennes. A young man, named Bernard Vernand, was returning home one
+night from his work in the fields, when his dog suddenly began to bark
+savagely, whilst its hair stood on end. The next moment there was a
+crackle in the hedge by the roadside, and three trampish-looking men
+slouched out. They looked at Vernand, and, remarking that it was
+beautiful weather, followed closely at his heels.
+
+Vernand noticed that the eyebrows of all three met in a point over their
+noses, a peculiarity which gave them a very singular and unpleasant
+appearance. When he quickened his pace, they quickened theirs; whilst
+his dog still continued to bark and show every indication of excessive
+fear. In this way they all four proceeded till they came to a very dark
+spot in the road, where the trees nearly met overhead. The sound of
+their footsteps then suddenly ceased, and Vernand, peeping stealthily
+round, perceived to his horror lurid eyes--that were not the eyes of
+human beings--glaring after him. His dog took to its heels and fled,
+and, ignominious though he felt it to be, Vernand followed suit. The
+next moment there was a chorus of piercing whines, and a loud pattering
+of heavy feet announced the fact that he was pursued.
+
+Fortunately Vernand was a fast runner--he had carried off many prizes in
+races at the village fair--and now that he was running for his life, he
+went like the wind.
+
+But his pursuers were fleet of foot, too, and, despite his pace, they
+gradually gained on him. Happily for Vernand, he retained a certain
+amount of presence of mind, and possessing rather more wit than many of
+the peasants, he suddenly bethought him of a possible avenue of escape.
+In a conversation with the pastor of the village some months before, the
+latter had told him how an old woman had once escaped from a wode[215:1]
+by climbing up a mountain ash. And if, reasoned Vernand, the ash is a
+protection against one form of evil spirits, why not against another? He
+recollected that there was an ash-tree close at hand, and diverting his
+course, he instantly headed for it. Not a moment too soon. As he swarmed
+up the slender trunk, his pursuers--three monstrous werwolves--came to a
+dead halt at the foot of the tree. However, after giving vent to the
+disappointment of losing their supper in a series of prodigious howls,
+they veered round and bounded off, doubtless in pursuit of a less
+knowing prey.
+
+
+A SIMILAR CASE NEAR WATERLOO
+
+A similar case once happened to a young man when returning from Quatre
+Bras to Waterloo. He was attacked by three werwolves and saved himself
+by leaping into a rye-field.
+
+
+A CASE ON THE SAND-DUNES
+
+The following story of werwolfery is of traditional authenticity only:--
+
+Von Grumboldt, a young man of good appearance, and his sweetheart, Nina
+Gosset, were out walking together one evening on the sand-dunes near
+Nina's home, when Von Grumboldt uttered an exclamation of astonishment,
+and bending down, picked up something which he excitedly showed to Nina.
+It was a girdle composed of dark, plaited hair fastened with a plain
+gold buckle. To the young man's surprise Nina shrank away from it.
+
+"Oh!" she cried, "don't touch it! I don't know why--but it gives me such
+a horrid impression. I'm sure there is an unpleasant history attached to
+it."
+
+"Pooh!" Von Grumboldt said laughingly; "that's only your fancy. I think
+it would look remarkably well round your waist," and he made pretence
+to encircle her with it.
+
+Nina, turning very white, fainted, and Von Grumboldt, who was really
+very much in love with her, was greatly alarmed. He ran to a brook,
+fetched some water, and sprinkled her forehead with it. To his intense
+relief his sweetheart soon came to. As soon as she could speak she
+implored him, as he valued her life, on no account to touch her with the
+girdle. To this request Von Grumboldt readily assented, and whistling to
+his dog--a big collie--in spite of Nina's protests and the animal's
+frantic struggles, he playfully fastened the belt round the creature's
+body. Then turning to Nina he began: "Doesn't Nippo (that was the
+collie's name) look fine----" and suddenly left off. The expression in
+Nina's eyes made his blood run cold.
+
+"For Heaven's sake," he cried, "what is it? What's the matter?"
+
+White as death again, Nina pointed a finger, and Von Grumboldt, looking
+in the direction she indicated, saw--not Nippo, but an awful-looking
+thing in Nippo's place--a big black object, partly dog and partly some
+other animal, that grew and grew until, within a few seconds, it had
+grown to at least thrice Nippo's size. With a hideous howl it rushed at
+Von Grumboldt. The latter, though a strong athletic young man, was
+speedily overcome, and being dashed to the ground, would soon have been
+torn to pieces had not Nina, recovering from a temporary helplessness,
+come to the rescue.
+
+Catching hold of the girdle round the creature's body, she unclasped the
+buckle, and in a trice the evil thing had vanished; and there was Nippo,
+his own self, standing before them.
+
+"It is a werwolf belt!" Nina exclaimed, throwing it away from her. "You
+see, I was right; it is devilish, and no doubt belongs to some one near
+here who practises Black Magic--Mad Valerie, perhaps. This cross that I
+wear round my neck, which is made of yew, no doubt warned me of this
+danger and so saved me from an awful fate. You smile!--but I am certain
+of it. The yew-tree is just as efficacious in the case of evil spirits
+as the ash!"
+
+"What shall we do with the beastly thing?" Von Grumboldt asked. "It
+doesn't seem right to leave it here, in case some one else, with less
+sense than you, should find it and a dreadful catastrophe result."
+
+"We must burn it," Nina said. "That's the only way of getting rid of the
+evil influence. Let us do so at once."
+
+Von Grumboldt was nothing loath, and in a few minutes all that remained
+of the lycanthropous girdle was a tiny heap of ashes.
+
+To burn the object to which the lycanthropous property is attached is
+the only recognized method of destroying that property. I have had many
+proofs, too, of the efficacy of burning in the case of superphysical
+influences other than lycanthropy; such, for example, as haunted
+furniture, trees, and buildings; and I am quite sure the one and only
+way to get rid of an occult presence attached to any particular object
+is to burn that object.
+
+I have been told of "burning" having been successfully practised in the
+following cases:--
+
+     _Case No. 1._--A barrow in the North of England that had long
+     been haunted by a Barrowian order of Elemental. (The barrow
+     was excavated, and when the remains therein had been burnt,
+     the hauntings ceased.)
+
+     _Case No. 2._--A cave in Wales haunted by the phantasm of a
+     horse, though, whether the real spirit of the horse or merely
+     an Elemental I cannot say. (On the soil in the cave being
+     excavated, and the several skeletons, presumably of
+     prehistoric animals, found being burnt, there were no longer
+     any disturbances.)
+
+     _Case No. 3._--A house in London containing an oak chest,
+     attached to which was the phantasm of an old woman, who used
+     to disturb the inmates of the place nightly. (On the chest
+     being burnt she was seen no more.)
+
+     _Case No. 4._--A tree in Ireland, haunted every night by a
+     Vagrarian. (Immediately after the tree had been burnt the
+     manifestations ceased.)
+
+Burial is a great mistake. As long as a single bone remains, the spirit
+of the dead person may still be attracted to it, and consequently remain
+earthbound; but when the corpse is cremated, and the ashes scattered
+abroad, then the spirit is set free. And, for this reason alone, I
+advocate cremation as the best method possible of dealing with a corpse.
+
+Before concluding this chapter on the werwolf in Belgium, let me add
+that werwolfery was not the only form of lycanthropy in that country.
+According to Grimm, in his "Deutsche Sagen," two warlocks who were
+executed in the year 1810 at Liége for having, under the form of
+werwolves, killed and eaten several children, had as their colleague a
+boy of twelve years of age. The boy, in the form of a raven, consumed
+those portions of the prey which the warlocks left.
+
+
+WERWOLVES IN THE NETHERLANDS
+
+Cases of werwolves are of less frequent occurrence in Holland than in
+either France or Belgium. Also, they are almost entirely restricted to
+the male sex.
+
+Exorcism here is seldom practised, the working of a spell being the
+usual means employed for getting rid of the evil property. The procedure
+in working the spell is as follows:--
+
+First of all, a night when the moon is in the full is selected. Then at
+twelve o'clock the werwolf is seized, securely bound, and taken to an
+isolated spot. Here, a circle of about seven feet in diameter is
+carefully inscribed on the ground, and in the exact centre of it the
+werwolf is placed, and so fastened that he cannot possibly get away.
+Then three girls--always girls--come forward armed with ash twigs with
+which they flog him most unmercifully, calling out as they do so:--
+
+     "Greywolf ugly, greywolf old,
+      Do at once as you are told.
+      Leave this man and fly away--
+      Right away, far away,
+      Where 'tis night and never day."
+
+They keep on repeating these words and whipping him; and it is not until
+the face, back, and limbs of the werwolf are covered with blood that
+they desist.
+
+The oldest person present then comes forward and gives the werwolf a
+hearty kick, saying as he (or she) does so:--
+
+     "Go, fly, away to the sky;
+      Devil of greywolf, thee we defy.
+      Out, out, with a howl and yell,
+      'Twill carry thee faster and surer to hell."
+
+Every one present then dips a cup or mug in a concoction of sulphur,
+tar, vinegar, and castoreum, just removed from boiling-point, and,
+forming a circle round the werwolf, they souse him all over with this
+unpleasant and painfully hot mixture, calling out as they do so:--
+
+          "Away, away, shoo, shoo, shoo!
+           Do you think we care a jot for you?
+     We'll whip thee again, with a crack, crack, crack!
+     Scourge thee and beat thee till thou art black;
+     Fool of a greywolf, we have thee at last,
+     Back to thy hell home, out of him fast--
+               Fast, fast, fast!
+           Our patience won't last.
+         We'll scratch thee, we'll prick thee,
+         We'll prod thee, we'll scald thee.
+           Fast, fast, out of him, fast!"
+
+They keep on shouting these words over and over again till the liquid
+has given out and the clock strikes one; when, with a final blow or kick
+at the prostrate werwolf, they run away.
+
+The evil spirit is then said to leave the man, who quickly recovers his
+proper shape, and with a loud cry of joy rushes after his friends and
+relations.
+
+When the Spaniards invaded Holland they resorted to a surer, if a
+somewhat more drastic, mode of getting rid of lycanthropy--they burned
+the subject possessed of it.
+
+One of the best known cases of a werwolf in the Netherlands is as
+follows:--
+
+A young man, whilst on his way to a shooting match at Rousse, was
+suddenly startled by hearing loud screams for help proceeding from a
+field a few yards distant. To jump a dike and scramble over a low wall
+was but the work of a few seconds, and in less time than it takes to
+tell, the young man, whose name was Van Renner, found himself face to
+face with a huge grey wolf. Quick as thought, he fitted an arrow to his
+bow, and shot. The missile struck the wolf in the side, and with a howl
+of pain the wounded creature turned tail and fled for his life.
+
+All might now have ended like some delightful romance, for the rescued
+one proved to be an exceedingly attractive maiden, with bright yellow
+hair and big blue eyes; but unfortunately--or perhaps fortunately, who
+knows?--the girl had a husband, and Van Renner a wife; and so, instead
+of the incident being the prelude to a love affair, it was merely an
+occasion for grateful acknowledgment--and--farewell. On his return home
+that evening Van Renner was met with an urgent request to visit his
+friend, the Burgomaster. He hastened to obey the summons, and found the
+Burgomaster in bed, suffering agonies of pain from a wound which he had
+received in his side some hours previously.
+
+"I can't die without telling you," he whispered, clutching Van Renner by
+the hand. "God help me, I'm a werwolf! I've always been one. It's in my
+family--it's hereditary. It was your arrow that has wounded me fatally."
+
+Van Renner was too aghast to speak. He was really fond of the
+Burgomaster, and to think of him a werwolf--well! it was too dreadful to
+contemplate. The dying man gazed eagerly, hungrily, piteously into his
+friend's face.
+
+"Don't say you hate me," he cried. "There is little hope for me, if any,
+in the next world; and in all probability I shall either go direct to
+hell or remain earthbound; but, for God's sake, let me die in the
+knowledge that I leave behind me at least one friend!"
+
+Van Renner tried hard to speak; he made every effort to speak; his lungs
+swelled, his tongue wobbled, the muscles of his lips twitched; but not a
+syllable could he utter--and the Burgomaster died.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[215:1] A phantom horseman, that goes hunting on certain nights in the
+year, accompanied by phantom dogs. The author has witnessed the
+phenomenon himself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK
+
+
+Since so much has already been written upon the subject of werwolves in
+Denmark, it is my intention only to touch upon it briefly. It is, I
+believe, generally acknowledged that, at one time, werwolves were to be
+met with almost daily in Denmark, and that they were almost always of
+the male sex; but I can find no records of any particular form of
+exorcism practised by the Danes with the object of getting rid of the
+werwolf, nor of any spell used by them for the same purpose; neither
+does there appear to be, amongst their traditions, any reference to a
+lycanthropous flower or stream. Opinions differ as to whether werwolves
+are yet to be found in Denmark, but, from all I have heard, I am
+inclined to think that they still exist in the more remote districts of
+that country.
+
+The following case may be regarded as illustrative of a typical Danish
+werwolf:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF PETER ANDERSEN, WERWOLF
+
+Peter Andersen, who was a werwolf by descent, his ancestors having been
+werwolves for countless generations, fell in love with a beautiful young
+girl named Elisa, and without telling her he was a werwolf, for fear
+that she would give him up, married her.
+
+Shortly after his marriage, he was returning home one evening with Elisa
+from a neighbouring fair, where there had been much merrymaking, when,
+suddenly feeling that the metamorphosis was coming on, he got down from
+the cart in which they were driving, and said to his wife, very
+earnestly, "If anything comes towards you, do not be afraid, and do not
+hurt it; merely strike it with your apron." He then ran off at a great
+rate into the fields, leaving Elisa very much surprised and impressed. A
+few minutes afterwards she heard the howl of a wild animal, and, while
+she was holding in the horse and endeavouring to pacify it, a huge grey
+wolf suddenly leaped into the road and sprang at her.
+
+Recollecting what her husband had told her, with wonderful presence of
+mind she whipped off her apron and struck the wolf in the face with it.
+The animal tore at the apron, and biting a piece out of it, turned tail
+and ran away. Some time afterwards Andersen returned, and holding out to
+Elisa the missing piece of her apron, asked if she guessed how he came
+by it.
+
+"Good God, man!" Elisa cried, the pupils of her eyes dilating with
+terror, "it was you! I know it by the expression in your face. Heaven
+preserve me! You're a werwolf!"
+
+"I was a werwolf," Peter said, "but thanks to your brave action in
+throwing the apron in my face, I am one no longer. I know I did wrong in
+not telling you of my misfortune before we were married, but I dreaded
+the idea of losing you. Forgive me, forgive me, I implore you!" and
+Elisa, after some slight hesitation, granted his request.
+
+This method of getting rid of the lycanthropous spirit seems to have
+been (and still to be) the one most in vogue in Denmark.
+
+Another well-known story, of a similar kind, is to the effect that while
+a party of haymakers were at work in a field, a man, who, like Andersen,
+had kept the fact of his being a werwolf from his family, feeling that
+he was about to be transmuted, gave his son injunctions that if an
+animal approached him he was on no account to hurt it, but merely to
+throw his hat at it. The boy promising to obey, the father hastily left
+the field. Some minutes later a grey wolf appeared, swimming a stream.
+It rushed at the boy, who, mad with terror, forgot his father's
+instructions, and struck at it with a pitchfork.
+
+The prongs of the fork, entering the wolf's side, pierced its heart; and
+transmutation again taking place, to the horror of all present there lay
+on the ground, not the body of a beast, but the corpse of the boy's
+father.
+
+In Denmark it is said that if a woman stretches between four sticks the
+membrane of a newly born foal, and creeps through it naked, she will
+bring forth children without pain, but all the boys will be werwolves
+and the girls maras.
+
+As is the case with the werwolf of other countries, the Danish werwolf
+retains its human form by day; but after sunset, unlike the werwolf of
+any other nationality, it sometimes adopts the shape of a dog on three
+legs before it finally metamorphoses into a wolf.
+
+In addition to these methods (alluded to above) of expelling a
+lycanthropous spirit in Denmark, there may be added that of addressing
+the obsessed person as a werwolf and reproaching him roundly. But as I
+have no proof of the effectiveness of this crude mode of exorcism, I
+cannot commit myself to any verdict with regard to it.
+
+
+MARAS
+
+The mara, to which I have briefly alluded in a foregoing chapter, is to
+be met with in Denmark almost as often as the werwolf; and the
+superphysical property, characteristic of the mara no less than of the
+werwolf, justifies me in a somewhat detailed description of the former
+here.
+
+A mara is popularly understood to be a woman by day and at night a
+spirit that torments human beings and horses by sitting astride them and
+causing them nightmare.
+
+In the main I agree with this definition; though I am inclined to think
+that the mara is, in reality, less hoydenish and more subtle and complex
+than public opinion would have us believe. In all probability maras are
+women who have either inherited or, by the practice of Black Magic,
+acquired the faculty of a certain species of projection--differing from
+the projection which is common to both sexes in the following points,
+viz., that it can always be accomplished (during certain hours) at will;
+that it is invariably practised with the sole desire to do ill; that the
+projected spirit is fully conscious of all that is happening around it;
+and that it possesses most--if not all--of the faculties, motives, and
+nervous susceptibilities of the physical body.
+
+Whatever may be the character of the mara by day, she is essentially
+mischievous by night--owing, no doubt, to the fact that this faculty of
+projection has come to her through the occult powers inimical to man.
+
+From the complexity of their nature, maras present the same difficulty
+of classification as werwolves--both are human, both are Elemental, and
+consequently both are an anomaly.
+
+The belief in maras is still prevalent in all parts of Scandinavia,
+including Jutland, whence comes the following case which I quote for the
+purpose of comparison.
+
+
+A CASE OF A MARA IN JUTLAND
+
+Some reapers in a field, near a village in Jutland, came one evening
+upon a naked woman lying under a hedge, apparently asleep. Much
+surprised, they regarded her closely, and at length coming to the
+conclusion that her sleep was not natural, they summoned a shepherd who
+was generally regarded as very intelligent. On seeing the woman the
+shepherd at once said, "She is not a real person, though she looks like
+one. She is a mara, and has stripped for the purpose of riding some one
+to-night." At this there was loud laughter, and the reapers said, "Tell
+us another, Eric. A mara indeed! If this isn't a woman, our mothers are
+not women, for she is just as much of flesh and blood as they are."
+"All right," the shepherd replied, "wait and see." And bending over her,
+he whispered something in her ear, whereupon a queer little animal about
+two inches long came out of the grass, and running up her body,
+disappeared in her mouth. Then Eric pushed her, and she rolled over
+three times, then sprang to her feet, and with a wild startled cry
+leaped a high bush and disappeared. Nor could they, when they ran to the
+other side of the bush, find any traces of her.
+
+Another recorded case is the following:
+
+
+THE MARA OF VILVORDE
+
+Christine Jansen had two lovers--Nielsen and Osdeven. Nielsen, who was a
+very good-looking young man, began to suffer from nightmare. He had the
+most appalling dreams of being strangled and suffocated, and they at
+last grew so frightful, and proved such a strain on his nerves, that he
+was forced to consult a doctor. The doctor attributed the cause to
+indigestion, and prescribed a special diet for him. But it was all of no
+avail; the bad dreams still continued, and Nielsen's health became more
+and more impaired.
+
+At length, when he was almost worn out, having spent the greater part of
+many nights reading instead of sleeping, in order to avoid the
+frightful visions, he happened to mention his insufferable condition to
+Osdeven. Far from ridiculing his rival, Osdeven, with great earnestness,
+encouraged him to relate everything that had happened to him in his
+sleep; and when Nielsen had done so, exclaimed, "I'll tell you what it
+is--these dreams you have are not ordinary nightmares; they are due to a
+mara--I know their type well."
+
+"To a mara!" Nielsen cried; "how ridiculous! Why not say to a
+mise--or--grim? It would be equally sensible; they are all idle
+superstitions."
+
+"So you say now," Osdeven rejoined, "but wait! When you get into bed
+to-night, lie on your back, and in your right hand hold a sharp knife on
+your breast, the point upwards. Remain in this attitude from between
+eleven o'clock till two, and see what happens."
+
+Nielsen laughed, but all the same decided to do as Osdeven suggested.
+Night came, and, knife in hand, he lay in his bed.
+
+Minutes passed, and nothing happening, he was beginning to think what a
+fool he was for wasting his time thus, when suddenly he perceived
+bending over him the luminous figure of a beautiful nude woman, whom, to
+his utter astonishment, he identified as Christine Jansen--Christine
+Jansen in all but expression. The expression in the eyes he now looked
+into was not human--it was hellish. The figure got on the bed and was
+in the act of sitting astride him, when it came in contact with the
+knife. Then it uttered a frightful scream of baffled rage and pain, and
+vanished.
+
+Nielsen, shaking with terror and dreading another visitation, struck a
+light. The point of his knife was dripping with blood.
+
+An hour later, overcome with weariness, he fell asleep, and for the
+first time for weeks his slumber was sound and undisturbed. Awaking in
+the morning much refreshed, he would have attributed his experience to
+imagination or to a dream, had it not been for the spots of blood on the
+bedclothes and the stains on his knife, and this evidence, as to the
+reality of what had happened, was strengthened by his discovery of
+certain circumstances in connexion with Miss Jansen, towards whom his
+sentiments had now undergone a complete change.
+
+Curious to learn if anything had befallen her, he made cautious
+inquiries, and was informed that owing to a sudden indisposition--the
+nature of which was carefully hidden from him--she had been ordered
+abroad, where, in all probability, she would remain indefinitely.
+
+Nielsen now had no more nightmare, and he and Osdeven, becoming firm
+friends, agreed that the next time they fell in love they would take
+good care it was not with a mara.
+
+Another method of getting rid of maras was to sprinkle the air with
+sand, at the same time uttering a brief incantation. For example, in a
+village on the borders of Schleswig-Holstein, a woman who suffered
+agonies from nightmare consulted a man locally reported to be well
+versed in occult matters.
+
+"Make your mind easy," said this man, after she had described her dreams
+to him; "I will soon put an end to your disturbances. It is a mara that
+is tormenting you. Don't be frightened if she suddenly manifests herself
+when I sprinkle this sand, for there will be nothing very alarming in
+her appearance, and she won't be able to harm you." He then proceeded to
+scatter several handfuls about the room, repeating as he did so a brief
+incantation.
+
+He was still occupied thus, when, without a moment's warning, the figure
+of a very tall, naked woman appeared crouching on the bed. With a yell
+of rage she leaped on to the floor, her eyes flashing, and her lips
+twitching convulsively; and raising her hands as if she would like to
+scratch the incantator's face to pieces, she rushed furiously at him.
+
+Far from being intimidated, however, he quite coolly dashed a handful of
+sand in her eyes, whereupon she instantly disappeared. "Now," he said,
+turning to the lady, who was half dead with terror, "you won't have the
+nightmare again"--which prophecy proved to be correct.
+
+These instances will, I think, suffice to show the similarity between
+werwolves and maras. Both anomalies are dependent on properties of an
+entirely baneful nature; and both properties are either hereditary,
+having been established in families through the intercourse of those
+families in ages past with the superphysical Powers inimical to man; or
+are capable of being acquired through the practice of Black Magic.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN
+
+
+As in Denmark, werwolves were once so numerous in Norway and Sweden,
+that these countries naturally came to be regarded as the true home of
+lycanthropy.
+
+With the advent of the tourist, however, and the consequent springing up
+of fresh villages, together with the gradual increase of native
+population, Norway and Sweden have slowly undergone a metamorphosis,
+with the result that it is now only in the most remote districts, such
+as the northern portion of the Kiolen Mountains and the borders of
+Lapland, that werwolves are to be found.
+
+Here, amid the primitive solitude of vast pine forests, flow
+lycanthropous rivers; here, too, grow lycanthropous shrubs and flowers.
+
+Werwolfery in Norway and Sweden is not confined to one sex; it is common
+to both; and in these countries various forms of spells, both for
+invoking and expelling lycanthropous spirits, are current.
+
+As far as I can gather, a Norwegian or Swedish peasant, when he wishes
+to become a werwolf, kneels by the side of a lycanthropous stream at
+midnight, having chosen a night when the moon is in the full, and
+incants some such words as these:--
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the moon shines white
+        Over pine and snow-capped hill;
+      The shadows stray through burn and brae
+        And dance in the sparkling rill.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the devil's light
+        Casts glimmering beams around.
+      The maras dance, the nisses prance
+        On the flower-enamelled ground.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the werwolf's might
+        Makes man and nature shiver.
+      Yet its fierce grey head and stealthy tread
+        Are nought to thee, oh river!
+            River, river, river.
+
+     "Oh water strong, that swirls along,
+        I prithee a werwolf make me.
+      Of all things dear, my soul, I swear,
+        In death shall not forsake thee."
+
+The supplicant then strikes the banks of the river three times with his
+forehead; then dips his head into the river thrice, at each dip gulping
+down a mouthful of the water. This concludes the ceremony--he has
+become a werwolf, and twenty-four hours later will undergo the first
+metamorphosis.
+
+Lycanthropous water is said, by those who dwell near to it, to differ
+from other water in subtle details only--details that would, in all
+probability, escape the notice of all who were not connoisseurs of the
+superphysical. A strange, faint odour, comparable with nothing,
+distinguishes lycanthropous water; there is a lurid sparkle in it,
+strongly suggestive of some peculiar, individual life; the noise it
+makes, as it rushes along, so closely resembles the muttering and
+whispering of human voices as to be often mistaken for them; whilst at
+night it sometimes utters piercing screams, and howls, and groans, in
+such a manner as to terrify all who pass near it. Dogs and horses, in
+particular, are susceptible to its influence, and they exhibit the
+greatest signs of terror at the mere sound of it.
+
+Another means of becoming a werwolf, resorted to by the Swedish and
+Norwegian peasant, consists in the plucking and wearing of a
+lycanthropous flower after sunset, and on a night when the moon is in
+the full. Lycanthropous flowers, no less than lycanthropous water,
+possess properties peculiar to themselves; properties which are,
+probably, only discernible to those who are well acquainted with them.
+Their scent is described as faint and subtly suggestive of death, whilst
+their sap is rather offensively white and sticky. In appearance they are
+much the same as other flowers, and are usually white and yellow.
+
+Yet another method of acquiring the property of lycanthropy consists in
+making: first, a magic circle on the ground, at twelve o'clock, on a
+night when the moon is in the full (there is no strict rule as to the
+magnitude of the circle, though one of about seven feet in diameter
+would seem to be the size most commonly adopted); then, in the centre of
+the circle, a wood fire, heating thereon an iron vessel containing one
+pint of clear spring water, and any seven of the following ingredients:
+hemlock (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), aloe (30 grains), opium (2 to 4-1/2
+drachms), mandrake (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces), solanum (1/2 ounce), poppy
+seed (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), asafœtida (3/4 ounce to 1 ounce), and
+parsley (2 to 3 ounces).
+
+Whilst the mixture is heating, the experimenter prostrates himself in
+front of the fire and prays to the Great Spirit of the Unknown to confer
+on him the property of metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a werwolf. His
+prayers take no one particular form, but are quite extempore; though he
+usually adds to them some such recognised incantation as:--
+
+     "Come, spirit so powerful! come, spirit so dread,
+      From the home of the werwolf, the home of the dead.
+      Come, give me thy blessing! come, lend me thine ear!
+      Oh spirit of darkness! oh spirit so drear!
+
+     "Come, mighty phantom! come, great Unknown!
+      Come from thy dwelling so gloomy and lone.
+      Come, I beseech thee; depart from thy lair,
+      And body and soul shall be thine, I declare.
+
+     "Haste, haste, haste, horrid spirit, haste!
+      Speed, speed, speed, scaring spirit, speed!
+      Fast, fast, fast, fateful spirit, fast!"
+
+He then makes the following formal declaration:--
+
+"I (here insert name) offer to thee, Great Spirit of the Unknown, this
+night (here insert date), my body and soul, on condition that thou
+grantest me, from this night to the hour of my death, the power of
+metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a wolf. I beg, I pray, I implore
+thee--thee, unparalleled Phantom of Darkness, to make me a werwolf--a
+werwolf!"--and striking the ground three times with his forehead, he
+gets up. As soon as the concoction in the vessel is boiling, he dips a
+cup into it, and sprinkles the contents on the ground, repeating the
+action until he has sprinkled the whole interior of the circle.
+
+Then he kneels on the ground close to the fire, and in a loud voice
+cries out, "Come, oh come!" and, if he is fortunate, a phantom suddenly
+manifests itself over the fire. Sometimes the phantom is indefinite--a
+cylindrical, luminous, pillar-like thing, about seven feet in height,
+having no discernible features; sometimes it assumes a definite shape,
+and appears either as a monstrous hooded figure with a death's head, or
+as a sub-human, sub-animal type of Elemental.
+
+Whatever form the Unknown adopts, it is invariably terrifying. It never
+speaks, but indicates its assent by stretching out an arm, or what
+serves as an arm, and then disappears. It never remains visible for more
+than half a minute. As soon as it vanishes the supplicant, who is always
+half mad with terror, springs from the ground and rushes home--or
+anywhere to get again within reach of human beings. By the morning,
+however, all his fears have departed; and at sunset he creeps off into
+the forest, or into some equally secluded spot, to experience, for the
+first time, the extraordinary sensations of metamorphosing into a wolf,
+or, perhaps, a semi-wolf, _i.e._, a creature half man and half wolf; for
+the degree of metamorphosis varies according to locality. The hour of
+metamorphosis also varies according to locality--though it is at sunset
+that the change most usually takes place, the transmutation back to man
+generally occurring at dawn.
+
+When a werwolf, in human shape at the time, is killed, he sometimes
+(not always) metamorphoses into a wolf, and if in wolf's form at the
+time he is killed he sometimes (not always) metamorphoses into a human
+being--here again the nature of the transmutation depending on locality.
+
+In certain of the forests of Sweden dwell old women called Vargamors,
+who are closely allied to werwolves, and exercise complete control over
+all the wolves in the neighbourhood, keeping the latter well supplied in
+food. As an illustration of the Vargamor I have chosen the following
+story:--
+
+
+LISO OF SOROA
+
+Liso was thoroughly spoilt. Every one had told her how beautiful she was
+from the day she had first learned to walk, and, consequently, it was
+only natural that when she grew up she cared for no one but herself, and
+for nothing so much as gazing at herself in the looking-glass and
+expatiating on the loveliness of her own reflection. As a girl at home
+she was allowed to do precisely what she liked--neither father nor
+mother, relatives (with one exception) nor friends ever thwarted her;
+and when she married it was the same: her husband bowed down to her, and
+was always ready to indulge her every wish and whim.
+
+She had three children, two boys and a girl, whom she occasionally
+condescended to notice; but only when there was nothing else at hand to
+entertain her.
+
+The one person of whom Liso stood in awe was her aunt, a rich old lady
+with distinct views of her own, and a vigorous method of expressing
+them. Now, one of the old lady's peculiar ideas--at least peculiar in
+Liso's estimation--was that woman was made to be man's helpmate, and
+that married women should think of their husbands first, their children
+next, and themselves last--an order of consideration which Liso thought
+was exactly the reverse of what it should be.
+
+Had her aunt been poor, it is quite certain that Liso would have had
+nothing whatsoever to do with her. But circumstances alter cases. This
+aunt was rich, and, moreover, had no one more nearly related to her than
+Liso.
+
+One day, in the depth of winter, Liso received a letter from her aunt
+containing a pressing invitation to start off at once on a visit to the
+latter at Skatea, a small town some twelve miles from Soroa. "Bring your
+children," so the letter ran, "I should so love to see them, and stay
+the night." Liso was greatly annoyed. She had just arranged a meeting
+with one of her numerous lovers, and this invitation upset everything.
+However, as it was of vital importance to her to keep in with her aunt,
+she at once decided to put off her previous engagement and take her
+children to see their rich old relative.
+
+Hoping that her lover might perhaps join her on the road and thus
+convert a boring journey into a pleasant pastime, Liso, in spite of her
+husband's entreaties, refused to take a servant, and insisted upon
+driving herself. As she had anticipated, her lover met her on the
+outskirts of the town, but, to her chagrin, was unable to accompany her
+any part of the way to Skatea. He was most profuse in his apologies,
+adding, "I wish you weren't going; I hear the road you will be
+traversing is infested with bears and wolves."
+
+"Thank you!" she exclaimed mockingly, "I am not afraid, if you are. I
+can quite understand now why you cannot come. Good-bye!" And with a
+haughty inclination of her head she drove off, without deigning to
+notice the young man's outstretched hand. Liso was now in a very bad
+temper; and, having no other means of venting it, savagely silenced the
+children whenever they attempted to speak.
+
+The vehicle in which the party travelled was a light sledge, drawn by
+one horse only--a beast of matchless beauty and size, which, under
+ordinary circumstances, could cover twelve miles in an almost
+inconceivably short space of time. But now, owing to a heavy fall of
+snow, the track, though well beaten, was heavy, and the piled-up snow
+on each side so deep that to turn back, without the risk of sticking
+fast, was an impossibility.
+
+The first half of the journey passed without accident, and they were
+skirting the borders of a pine forest when Liso suddenly became
+conscious of a suspicious noise behind her. Looking round, she saw, to
+her horror, a troop of gaunt grey wolves issue from the forest and
+commence running after the sledge. She instantly slashed the horse with
+her whip, and the next moment the chase began in grim earnest. But,
+gallop as fast as it would, the horse could not outpace the wolves, whom
+hunger had made fleet as the wind, and it was not many minutes before
+two of the biggest of them appeared on either side of the vehicle.
+Though their intention was, in all probability, only to attack the
+horse, yet the safety both of Liso and the children depended on the
+preservation of the animal.
+
+It was indeed a beautiful creature, and the danger only enhanced its
+value; it seemed, in fact, almost entitled to claim for its preservation
+an extraordinary sacrifice. And Liso did not hesitate. It was one life
+against three--the world would excuse her, if God did not.
+
+"You, Charles," she said hoarsely, "you are the eldest; it is your duty
+to go first"--and before Charles had time to realize what was
+happening, she had gripped him round the waist, and with strength
+generated by the crisis hurled him into the snow. She did not see where
+he fell--the sledge was moving far too fast for that; but she heard the
+sound of the concussion, and then frantic screaming, accompanied by
+howls of triumph and joyful yapping. There was a momentary lull--only
+momentary--and then the patting footsteps recommenced.
+
+Nearer and nearer they came, until she could hear a deep and regular
+pant, pant, pant, drowned every now and then by prolonged howls and
+piercing, nerve-racking whines. Once again two murder-breathing forms
+are racing along at the side of the sledge, biting and snapping at the
+horse's legs with their gleaming, foam-flecked jaws.
+
+"George," Liso shouted, "you must go now. You are a boy, and boys and
+men should always die to save their sisters." But George, though
+younger, was not so easy to dispose of as Charles. Charles had been
+taken unawares, but George guessed what was coming and was on his guard.
+
+"No, no," he cried, clinging on to the sledge with both his chubby
+hands. "The wolves will eat me! Take sissy."
+
+"Wretch!" shrieked Liso, boxing his ears furiously. "Selfish little
+wretch! So this is the result of all the kindness I have lavished on
+you. Let go at once"--and tearing at his baby wrists with all her
+might, she succeeded in loosening them, and the next instant he was in
+the road.
+
+Then there was a repetition of what had happened before--a few wild
+screeches, savage howls of triumph, and snarls and grunts that suggested
+much. Then--comparative quiet, and then--patterings. Mad with fear, Liso
+stood up and lashed the horse. God of mercy! there was now only one more
+life between hers and the fate that, of all fates in the world, seemed
+to her just then to be the most dreadful. With the thick and gloomy
+forest before and behind her, and the nearer and nearer trampling of her
+ravenous pursuers, she almost collapsed from sheer anguish; but the
+thought of all her beauty perishing in such an ignominious and painful
+fashion braced her up. Perhaps, too--at least, let us hope
+so--underlying it all, though so much in the background, there was a
+genuine longing to save the little mite--her exact counterpart, so
+people said--that nestled its sunny head in the folds of her soft and
+costly sealskin coat.
+
+She did not venture to look behind her, only in front--at the seemingly
+never-ending white track; at the dense mass of trees--trees that shook
+their heads mockingly at her as the wind rustled through them; at the
+great splash of red right across the sky, so horribly remindful of
+blood that she shuddered. Night birds hoot; wild cats glare down at her;
+and shadows of every kind glide noiselessly out from behind the great
+trunks, and await her approach with inexplicable flickerings and
+flutterings.
+
+All at once two rough paws are laid on her shoulders, and the wide-open,
+bloody jaws of an enormous wolf hang over her head. It is the most
+ferocious beast of the troop, which, having partly missed its leap at
+the sledge, is dragged along with it, in vain seeking with its hinder
+legs for a resting-place to enable it to get wholly on to the frail
+vehicle. Liso looks down at the little girl beside her and their eyes
+meet.
+
+"Not me! not me!" the tiny one cried, clutching hold of her wrist in its
+anxiety. "I have been good, have I not? You will not throw me into the
+snow like the others?" Liso's lips tightened. The weight of the body of
+the wolf drew her gradually backwards--another minute and she would be
+out of the sledge. Her life was of assuredly more value than that of the
+child. Besides, one so young would not feel the horrors of death so
+acutely as she would, who was grown up. Anything rather than such a
+devilish ending. Providence willed it--Providence must bear the
+responsibility. And, steeling her soul to pity, she snatches up her
+daughter and throws her into the gleaming jaws of the wolf, which,
+springing off the sledge, hastily departs with its prey into the forest,
+where it is followed by hosts of other wolves. Exhausted, stunned,
+senseless--for her escape has been extremely narrow--Liso drops the
+reins, and, sinking back into the luxurious cushions of the vehicle,
+gives a great sigh of relief and shuts her eyes.
+
+Meantime the trees grow thinner, and an isolated house, to which a
+side-road leads, appears at no great distance off. The horse, left to
+itself, follows this new path; it enters through an open gate, and,
+panting and foaming, comes to a dead halt before a ponderous oak door
+studded with huge iron nails. Presently Liso recovers. She finds herself
+seated before a roaring fire; and a woman with a white face, dark,
+piercing eyes, and a beak-like nose, is bending over her. The woman
+presents such an extraordinary spectacle that Liso is oblivious of
+everything else, and gazes at her with a cold sensation of fear creeping
+down her spine.
+
+"You've had a narrow escape," the woman presently exclaims in peculiarly
+hoarse tones. "And the danger is not over yet! Listen!" To Liso's terror
+an inferno of howls and whines sounds from the yard outside, and she
+sees, gleaming in at her through the window-panes, scores of wild, hairy
+faces with pale, lurid eyes. "They are there!" the woman remarks, a
+saturnine smile in her eyes and playing round her lips. "There--all
+ready to rend and tear you to pieces as they did your children--your
+three pretty, loving children. I've only to open the door, and in they
+will rush!"
+
+"But you won't," Liso gasped feebly. "You won't be so cruel. Besides,
+they could eat you, too."
+
+"Oh no, they couldn't," the woman laughed. "I'm a Vargamor. Every one of
+these wolves knows me and loves me as a mother. With you it is very
+different. Shall I----?"
+
+"Oh no! for pity's sake spare me!" Liso cried, throwing herself at the
+woman's feet and catching hold of her hands. "Spare me, and I will do
+anything you want."
+
+"Well," said the woman, after some consideration, "I will spare you on
+one condition, namely, that you live with me and do the housework; I'm
+getting too old for it."
+
+"I suppose I may see my family occasionally?" Liso said.
+
+"No!" the old woman snapped, "you may not. You must never go out of
+sight of this house. Now, what do you say? Recollect, it is either that
+or the wolves! Quick," and she hobbled to the door as she spoke.
+
+"I've chosen!" Liso shrieked. "I'll stay with you. Anything rather than
+such an awful death. Tell me what I have to do and I'll begin at once."
+
+The old woman took her at her word. She speedily set Liso a task, and
+from that time onward, kept her so continuously employed, not allowing
+her a moment to herself, that her life soon became unbearable. She tried
+to escape, but each time she left the house the fierce howling of the
+wolves sent her back to it in terror, and she discovered that, night and
+day, certain of the beasts were supervising her movements. After she had
+been there a week the old woman said to her, "I fear it is useless to
+think of keeping you any longer! Times are bad--food is scarce. The
+wolves are hungry--I must give you to them."
+
+But Liso fell on her knees and pleaded so hard that the Vargamor
+relented, "Well, well!" she said, "I will spare you, provided you can
+procure me a substitute. If you like to sit down and write to some one I
+will see that the note is delivered."
+
+Then Liso, almost beside herself at the thought of the hungry wolves,
+sat down and wrote a letter to her husband, telling him she had met with
+an accident, and desiring him to come to her at once. She dared not give
+him the slightest hint as to what had actually befallen her, as she knew
+the old woman would read the letter.
+
+When she had finished her note, the Vargamor took it, and for the next
+twelve hours Liso had a very anxious time.
+
+"If he doesn't come soon," the old woman at length said to her, with an
+evil chuckle, "I shall have to let the wolves in. They are famishing;
+and I, too, want something tastier than rabbits and squirrels."
+
+The minutes passed, and Liso was nearly fainting with suspense, when
+there suddenly broke on her ears the distant tramp of horses' feet; and
+in a very few moments a droshky dashed up to the door.
+
+"Call him in here," the Vargamor said, "and run up and hide in your
+bedroom. My pets and I will enjoy him all the better by the fire, and
+there won't be so much risk of them being hurt."
+
+Liso, afraid to do otherwise, ran up the rickety ladder leading to her
+room, shouting as she did so, "Oscar! Oscar! come in, come in."
+
+The joyful note in her husband's voice as he replied to her invitation
+struck a new chord in Liso's nature--a chord which had been there all
+the time, but had got choked and clogged through over-indulgence. Full
+of a courage that dared anything in its determination to save him, she
+crept cautiously down the stairs, and just as he crossed the threshold,
+and the Vargamor was about to summon the wolves, she dashed up to the
+old woman and struck her with all her might. Then, seizing her husband,
+she dragged him out of the house, and, hustling him into the carriage,
+jumped in by his side and told the coachman to drive home with the
+utmost speed.
+
+All this was done in less time than it takes to tell, and once again the
+familiar sounds of pattering--patterings on the snow in the wake of the
+carriage--fell on Liso's ears, and all the old horrors of the preceding
+journey came back to her with full force.
+
+Slowly, despite the fact that there were two horses now, the wolves
+gained on them, and once again the same harrowing question arose in
+Liso's mind. Some one must be sacrificed. Which should it be? The
+coachman! without doubt the coachman. He was only a poor, uneducated
+man, a hireling, and his life was as nothing compared either with that
+of her husband or her own.
+
+But she now remembered that Oscar, though usually a mere straw in her
+hands, and ready to do anything she asked him, had one or two
+peculiarities--fondness for children and animals, and a great respect
+for life--life in every grade. Would he consent to sacrifice the
+coachman? And as she glanced at him, a feeling of awe came over her.
+What a big, strong man this husband of hers was, and what strength he
+had--strength of all kinds, physical as well as mental--if he cared to
+exert it. But then he loved, worshipped, and adored her; he would never
+treat her with anything but the utmost deference and kindness, no matter
+what she said or did. Still, when she got ready to whisper the fatal
+suggestion in his ear, her heart failed her. And then the new something
+within her--that something that had already spoken and seemed inclined
+to be painfully officious--once more asserted itself. The coachman was
+married, he had children--four people dependent on him, four hearts that
+loved him! With her it was different: no one was actually dependent on
+her--there were no children now! Nothing but the memory of them!
+Memory--what a hateful thing it was! She had forced them to give her
+their lives; would it not be some atonement for her act if she were now
+to offer hers? She made the offer--breathed it with a shuddering soul
+into her husband's ears--and with a great round oath he rejected it.
+
+"What! You! Let you be thrown to the wolves?" he roared. "No--sooner
+than that, ten thousand times sooner, I will jump out! But I don't think
+there is any need. Knowing there were wolves about, I brought arms. If
+occasion arises we can easily account for half of them. But we shall
+outdistance them yet."
+
+He spoke the truth. Bit by bit the powerful horses drew away from the
+pack, and ere the last trees of the forest were passed, the howlings
+were no longer heard and all danger was at an end.
+
+Then, and not till then, did Oscar learn what had become of the
+children.
+
+He listened to Liso's explanation in silence, and it was not until she
+had finished that the surprise came. She was anticipating
+commiseration--commiseration for the awful hell she had undergone. She
+little guessed the struggle that was taking place beneath her husband's
+seemingly calm exterior. The revelation came with an abruptness that
+staggered her. "Woman!" he cried, "you are a murderess. Sooner than have
+sacrificed your children you should have suffered three deaths
+yourself--that is the elementary instinct of all mothers, human and
+otherwise. You are below the standard of a beast--of the Vargamor you
+slew. Go! go back to those parents who bore you, and tell them I'll have
+nought to do with you--that I want a woman for my wife, not a
+monstrosity."
+
+He bade the coachman pull up, and, alighting, told the man to drive Liso
+to the home of her parents.
+
+But Liso did not hear him--she sat huddled up on the seat with her eyes
+staring blankly before her. For the first time in her life she was
+conscious that she loved!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND
+
+
+The Bersekir of Iceland are credited with the rare property of dual
+metamorphosis--that is to say, they are credited with the power of being
+able to adopt the individual forms of two animals--the bear and the
+wolf.
+
+For substantiation as to the _bona-fide_ existence of this rare property
+of dual metamorphosis one has only to refer to the historical literature
+of the country (the authenticity of which is beyond dispute), wherein
+many cases of it are recorded.
+
+The following story, illustrative of dual metamorphosis, was told to me
+on fairly good authority.
+
+A very unprepossessing Bersekir, named Rerir, falling in love with
+Signi, the beautiful daughter of a neighbouring Bersekir, proposed to
+her and was scornfully rejected. Smarting under the many insults that
+had been heaped on him--for Signi had a most cutting tongue--Rerir, who,
+like most of the Bersekir, was both a werwolf and a wer-bear, resolved
+to be revenged. Assuming the shape of a bear--the animal he deemed the
+more formidable--Rerir stole to the house where Signi and her parents
+lived, and climbing on the roof, tore away at it with his claws till he
+had made a hole big enough to admit him. Dropping through the aperture
+he had thus effected, he alighted on the top of some one in bed--one of
+the servants of the house--whom he hugged to death before she had time
+to utter a cry. He then stole out into the passage and made his way,
+cautiously and noiselessly, to the room in which he imagined Signi
+slept. Here, however, instead of finding the object of his passions, he
+came upon her parents, one of whom--the mother--was awake; and aiming a
+blow at the latter's head, he crushed in her skull with one stroke of
+his powerful paw. The noise awoke Signi's father, who, taking in the
+situation at a glance, also metamorphosed into a bear and straightway
+closed with his assailant. A desperate encounter between the two
+wer-animals now commenced, and the whole household, aroused from their
+slumber, came trooping in. For some time the issue of the combat was
+dubious, both adversaries being fairly well matched. But at length
+Rerir began to prevail, and Signi's father cried out for some one to
+help him. Then Signi, anxious to save her parent's life, seized a knife,
+and, aiming a frantic blow, inadvertently struck her father, who
+instantly sank on the ground, leaving her at the mercy of his furious
+opponent.
+
+With a loud snarl of triumph, Rerir rushed at the girl, and was bearing
+her triumphantly away, when the cook--an old woman who had followed the
+fortunes of the Bersekir all her life--had a sudden inspiration.
+Standing on a shelf in the corner of the room was a jar containing a
+preparation of sulphur, asafœtida, and castoreum, which her mistress
+had always given her to understand was a preventive against evil
+spirits. Snatching it up, she darted after the wer-bear and flung the
+contents of it in its face, just as it was about to descend the stairs
+with Signi. In a moment there was a sudden and startling metamorphosis,
+and in the place of the bear stood the ugly, misshapen man, Rerir.
+
+The hunchback now would gladly have departed without attempting further
+mischief; for although the household boasted no man apart from its
+incapacitated master, there were still three formidable women and some
+big dogs to be faced.
+
+But to let him escape, after the irreparable harm he had done, was the
+very last thing Signi would permit; and with an air of stern authority
+she commanded the servants to fall on him with any weapons they could
+find, whilst she would summon the hounds.
+
+Now, indeed, the tables were completely turned. Rerir was easily
+overpowered and bound securely hand and foot by Signi and her servants,
+and after undergoing a brief trial the following morning he was
+summarily executed.
+
+Those Icelanders who possessed the property of metamorphosis into wolves
+and bears (they were always of the male sex), more often than not used
+it for the purpose of either wreaking vengeance or of executing justice.
+The terrible temper--for the rage of the Bersekir has been a byword for
+centuries--commonly attributed to Icelanders and Scandinavians in
+general, is undoubtedly traceable to the werwolves and wer-bears into
+which the Bersekirs metamorphosed.
+
+It is said that in Iceland there are both lycanthropous streams and
+flowers, and that they differ little if at all from those to be met with
+in other countries.
+
+
+THE WERWOLVES OF LAPLAND
+
+In Lapland werwolves are still much to the fore. In many families the
+property is hereditary, whilst it is not infrequently sought and
+acquired through the practice of Black Magic. Though, perhaps, more
+common among males, there are, nevertheless, many instances of it among
+females.
+
+The following case comes from the country bordering on Lake Enara.
+
+The child of a peasant woman named Martha, just able to trot alone, and
+consequently left to wander just where it pleased, came home one morning
+with its forehead apparently licked raw, all its fingers more or less
+injured, and two of them seemingly sucked and mumbled to a mere pulp.
+
+On being interrogated as to what had happened, it told a most astounding
+tale: A very beautiful lady had picked it up and carried it away to her
+house, where she had put it in a room with her three children, who were
+all very pretty and daintily dressed. At sunset, however, both the lady
+and her children metamorphosed into wolves, and would undoubtedly have
+eaten it, had they not satiated their appetites on a portion of a girl
+which had been kept over from the preceding day. The newcomer was
+intended for their meal on the morrow, and obeying the injunctions of
+their mother, the young werwolves had forborne to devour the child,
+though they had all tasted it.
+
+The child's parents were simply dumbfounded--they could scarcely credit
+their senses--and made their offspring repeat its narrative over and
+over again. And as it stuck to what it had said, they ultimately
+concluded that it was true, and that the lady described could be none
+other than Madame Tonno, the wife of their landlord and patron--a person
+of immense importance in the neighbourhood.
+
+But what could they do? How could they protect their children from
+another raid?
+
+To accuse the lady, who was rich and influential, of being a werwolf
+would be useless. No one would believe them--no one dare believe
+them--and they would be severely punished for their indiscretion. Being
+poor, they were entirely at her mercy, and if she chose to eat their
+children, they could not prevent her, unless they could catch her in the
+act.
+
+One evening the mother was washing clothes before the door of her house,
+with her second child, a little girl of four years of age, playing about
+close by. The cottage stood in a lonely part of the estate, forming
+almost an island in the midst of low boggy ground; and there was no
+house nearer than that of M. Tonno. Martha, bending over her wash-tub,
+was making every effort to complete her task, when a fearful cry made
+her look up, and there was the child, gripped by one shoulder, in the
+jaws of a great she-wolf, the arm that was free extended towards her.
+Martha was so close that she managed to clutch a bit of the child's
+clothing in one hand, whilst with the other she beat the brute with all
+her might to make it let go its hold. But all in vain: the relentless
+jaws did not show the slightest sign of relaxing, and with a saturnine
+glitter in its deep-set eyes it emitted a hoarse burr-burr, and set off
+at full speed towards the forest, dragging the mother, who was still
+clinging to the garment of her child, with it.
+
+But they did not long continue thus. The wolf turned into some low-lying
+uneven track, and Martha, falling over the jagged trunk of a tree, found
+herself lying on the ground with only a little piece of torn clothing
+tightly clasped in her hand. Hitherto, comforted by Martha's presence,
+the little one had not uttered a sound; but now, feeling itself
+deserted, it gave vent to the most heartrending screams--screams that
+abruptly disturbed the silence of that lonely spot and pierced to the
+depths of Martha's soul. In an instant she rose, and, dashing on,
+bounded over stock and stone, tearing herself pitiably, but heeding it
+not in her intense anxiety to save her child. But the wolf had now
+increased its speed; the undergrowth was thick, the ground heavier, and
+soon screams became her only guide. Still on and on she dashed, now
+snatching up a little shoe which was clinging to the bushes, now
+shrieking with agony as she saw fragments of the child's hair and
+clothes on the low jagged boughs obstructing her path. On, on, on, until
+the screams grew fainter, then louder, and then ceased altogether.
+
+Late that night the husband, Max, found his wife lying dead, just
+outside the grounds of his patron's château. Guessing what had happened,
+and having but one thought in his mind--namely, revenge--Max, arming
+himself with the branch of a tree, marched boldly up to the house, and
+rapped loudly at the door.
+
+M. Tonno answered this peremptory summons himself, and demanded in an
+angry voice what Max meant by daring to announce himself thus.
+
+Max pointed in the direction of the corpse. "That!" he shrieked; "that
+is the reason of my visit. Madame Tonno is a werwolf--she has murdered
+both my wife and child, and I am here to demand justice."
+
+"Come inside," M. Tonno said, the tone of his voice suddenly changing.
+"We can discuss the matter indoors in the privacy of my study." And he
+conducted Max to a room in the rear of the house.
+
+But no sooner had Max crossed the threshold than the door was slammed
+on him, and he found himself a prisoner. He turned to the window, but
+there was no hope there--it was heavily barred. But although a
+peasant--and a fool, so he told himself, to have thus deliberately
+walked into a trap--Max was not altogether without wits, and he searched
+the room thoroughly, eventually discovering a loose board. Tearing it
+up, he saw that the space under the floor--that is to say, between the
+floor and the foundation of the house--was just deep enough for him to
+lie there at full length. Here, then, was a possible avenue of escape.
+Setting to work, he succeeded, after much effort, in wrenching up
+another board, and then another, and getting into the excavation thus
+made, he worked his way along on his stomach, until he came to a
+grating, which, to his utmost joy, proved to be loose. It was but the
+work of a few minutes to force it out and to dislodge a few bricks, and
+Max was once again free. His one idea now was to tell his tale to his
+brother peasants and rouse them to immediate action, and with this end
+in view he set off running at full speed to the nearest settlement.
+
+The peasants of Lapland are slow and stolid and take a lot of rousing,
+but when once they are roused, few people are so terrible.
+
+Fortunately for Max, he was not the only sufferer; several other people
+in the neighbourhood had lately lost their children, and the story he
+told found ready credence. In less than an hour a large body of men and
+women, armed with every variety of weapon, from a sword to a pitchfork,
+had gathered together, and setting off direct to the château, they
+surrounded it on all sides, and forcing an entrance, seized M. Tonno and
+his werwolf wife and werwolf children, and binding them hand and foot,
+led them to the shores of Lake Enara and drowned them. They then went
+back to the house and, setting fire to it, burned it to the ground, thus
+making certain of destroying any werwolf influence it might still
+contain.
+
+With this wholesale extermination a case that may be taken as a
+characteristic type of Lapland lycanthropy in all its grim and sordid
+details concludes.
+
+
+FINLAND WERWOLVES
+
+Finland teems with stories of werwolves--stories ancient and modern, for
+the werwolf is said to still flourish in various parts of the country.
+
+The property is not restricted to one sex; it is equally common to both.
+Spells and various forms of exorcism are used, and certain streams are
+held to be lycanthropous.
+
+However, in Finland as in Scandinavia, it is very difficult to procure
+information as to werwolves. The common peasant, who alone knows
+anything about the anomaly, is withheld by superstition from even
+mentioning its name; and if he mentions a werwolf at all, designates him
+only as the "old one," or the "grey one," or the "great dog," feeling
+that to call this terror by its true name is a sure way to exasperate
+it. It is only by strategy one learns from a peasant that when a fine
+young ox is found in the morning breathing hard, his hide bathed in
+foam, and with every sign of fright and exhaustion, while, perhaps, only
+one trifling wound is discovered on the whole body, which swells and
+inflames as if poison had been infused, the animal generally dying
+before night; and that when, on examination of the corpse, the
+intestines are found to be torn as with the claws of a wolf, and the
+whole body is in a state of inflammation, it is accounted certain that
+the mischief has been caused by a werwolf.
+
+It is thus a werwolf serves his quarry when he kills for the mere love
+of killing, and not for food.
+
+In Finland, perhaps more than in other countries, werwolves are credited
+with demoniacal power, and old women who possess the property of
+metamorphosing into wolves are said to be able to paralyse cattle and
+children with their eyes, and to have poison in their nails, one wound
+from which causes certain death.
+
+To illustrate the foregoing I have selected an incident which happened
+near Diolen, a village on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, at
+the distance of about a hundred wersts from the ancient city of Mawa.
+Here vegetation is of a more varied and luxuriant kind than is usually
+found in the Northern latitude; the oak and the bela, intermingled with
+rich plots of grass, grow at the very edge of the sea--a phenomenon
+accountable for by the fact that the Baltic is tideless.
+
+For about half a werst in breadth, the shore continues a level,
+luxuriant stretch, when it suddenly rises in three successive cliffs,
+each about a hundred feet in height, and placed about the same space of
+half a werst, one behind the other, like huge steps leading to the
+table-land above. In some places the rocks are completely hidden from
+the view by a thick fence of trees, which take root at their base, while
+each level is covered by a minute forest of firs, in which grow a
+variety of herbs and shrubs, including the English whitethorn, and wild
+strawberries.
+
+It was to gather the latter that Savanich and his seven-year-old son,
+Peter, came one afternoon early in summer. They had filled two baskets
+and were contemplating returning home with their spoil, when Caspan, the
+big sheepdog, uttered a low growl.
+
+"Hey, Caspan, what is it?" Peter cried. "Footsteps! And such curious
+ones!"
+
+"They are curious," Savanich said, bending down to examine them. "They
+are larger and coarser than those of Caspan, longer in shape, and with a
+deep indentation of the ball of the foot. They are those of a wolf--an
+old one, because of the deepness of the tracks. Old wolves walk heavy.
+And here's a wound the brute has got in its paw. See! there is a slight
+irregularity on the print of the hind feet, as if from a dislocated
+claw. We must be on our guard. Wolves are hungry now: the waters have
+driven them up together, and the cattle are not let out yet. The beast
+is not far off, either. An old wolf like this will prowl about for days
+together, round the same place, till he picks up something."
+
+"I hope it won't attack us, father," Peter said, catching hold of
+Savanich by the hand. "What should you do if it did?"
+
+But before Savanich could reply, Caspan gave a loud bark and dashed into
+the thicket, and the next moment a terrible pandemonium of yells, and
+snorts, and sharp howls filled the air. Drawing his knife from its
+sheath, and telling Peter to keep close at his heels, Savanich followed
+Caspan and speedily came upon the scene of the encounter. Caspan had
+hold of a huge grey wolf by the neck, and was hanging on to it like grim
+death, in spite of the brute's frantic efforts to free itself.
+
+There was but little doubt that the brave dog would have, eventually,
+paid the penalty for its rashness--for the wolf had mauled it badly, and
+it was beginning to show signs of exhaustion through loss of blood--had
+not Savanich arrived in the nick of time. A couple of thrusts from his
+knife stretched the wolf on the ground, when, to his utmost horror, it
+suddenly metamorphosed into a hideous old hag.
+
+"A werwolf!" Savanich gasped, crossing himself. "Get out of her way,
+Peter, quick!"
+
+But it was too late. Thrusting out a skinny hand, the hag scratched
+Peter on the ankle with the long curved, poisonous nail of her
+forefinger. Then, with an evil smile on her lips, she turned over on her
+back, and expired. And before Peter could be got home he, too, was dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA
+
+
+The ideal home of all things weird and uncanny--is cold, grey, gaunt,
+and giant Russia. Nowhere is the werwolf so much in evidence to-day as
+in the land of the Czar, where all the primitive conditions favourable
+to such anomalies, still exist, and where they have undergone but little
+change in the last ten thousand years.
+
+A thinly-populated country--vast stretches of wild uncultivated land,
+full of dense forests, rich in trees most favourable to Elementals, and
+watered by deep, silent tarns, and stealthily moving streams,--its very
+atmosphere is impregnated with lycanthropy.
+
+At the base of giant firs and poplars, or poking out their heads
+impudently, from amidst brambles and ferns, are werwolf flowers--flowers
+with all the characteristics of those found in Hungary and the Balkan
+Peninsula, but of a greater variety. There are, for example, in
+addition to the white, yellow, and red species, those of a bluish-white
+hue, that emit a glow at night like the phosphorescent glow emanating
+from decaying animal and vegetable matter; and those of a brilliant
+orange, covered with black, protruding spots, suggestive of some
+particularly offensive disease, that show a marked preference for damp
+places, and are specially to be met with growing in the slime and mud at
+the edge of a pool, or in the soft, rotten mould of morasses.
+
+Werwolves haunt the plains, too--the great barren, undulating deserts
+that roll up to the foot of the Urals, Caucasus, Altai, Yablonoi, and
+Stanovoi Mountains--and the Tundras along the shores of the Arctic
+Ocean--dreary swamps in summer and ice-covered wastes in winter. Here,
+at night, they wander over the rough, stony, arid ground, picking their
+way surreptitiously through the scant vegetation, and avoiding all
+frequented localities; pausing, every now and then, to slake their
+thirst in deep sunk wells, or to listen for the sounds of quarry. Hazel
+hen, swans, duck, geese, squirrels, hares, elk, reindeer, roes,
+fallowdeer, and wild sheep, all are food to the werwolf, though nothing
+is so heartily appreciated by it as fat tender children or young and
+plump women.
+
+In its nocturnal ramblings the werwolf often encounters enemies--bears,
+wolves, and panthers--with which it struggles for dominion--dominion of
+forest, plain and mountain; and when the combat ends to its
+disadvantage, its metamorphosed corpse is at once devoured by its
+conqueror.
+
+Of all parts of Russia, the werwolf loves best the Caucasus and Ural
+Mountains. They are to Russia what the Harz Mountains were to Germany,
+centuries ago--the head-quarters of all manner of psychic phenomena, the
+happy hunting ground of phantom and fairy; and over them still lingers,
+almost, if not quite, as forcibly as ever, the glamour and mystery
+inseparable from the superphysical.
+
+Times without number have the great black beetling crags of these
+mountains been scaled by the furry, sinewy feet of werwolves; times
+without number have the shadows of these anomalies fallen on the
+moon-kissed, snowy peaks, towering high into the sky, or mingled with
+the rank and dewy herbage in the pine-clad valleys, and narrow abysmal
+gorges deep down below.
+
+It was here, in these lone Russian mountains, so legend relates, that
+Peter and Paul turned an impious wife and husband, who refused them
+shelter, into wolves: but Peter and Paul, apparently, had not the
+monopoly of this power; for it was here, too, in a Ural village, that
+the Devil is alleged to have metamorphosed half a dozen men into wolves
+for not paying him sufficient homage.
+
+There is no restriction as to the sex of werwolves in Russia and
+Siberia--male and female werwolves are about equal in number, though
+perhaps there is a slight preponderance in favour of the female.
+Vargamors are to be encountered in almost all the less frequented woody
+regions, but more especially in those in the immediate vicinity of the
+Urals and Caucasus.
+
+Though many of the werwolves inherit the property, many, too, have
+acquired it through direct intercourse with the superphysical; and the
+invocation of spirits, whether performed individually or collectively,
+is far from uncommon.
+
+Black Magic is said to be practised in the Urals, Caucasus, Yerkhoiansk,
+and Stanovoi Mountains; in the Tundras, the Plains of East Russia, the
+Timan Range, the Kola Peninsula, and various parts of Siberia.
+
+I am told that the usual initiating ceremony consists of drawing a
+circle, from seven to nine feet in radius, in the centre of which circle
+a wood fire is kindled--the wood selected being black poplar, pine or
+larch, never ash. A fumigation in an iron vessel, heated over the fire,
+is then made out of a mixture of any four or five of the following
+substances: Hemlock (2 to 3 ounces), henbane (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces),
+saffron (3 ounces), poppy seed (any amount), aloe (3 drachms), opium
+(1/4 ounce), asafœtida (2 ounces), solanum (2 to 3 drachms), parsley
+(any amount).
+
+As soon as the vessel is placed over the fire so that it can heat, the
+person who would invoke the spirit that can bestow upon him the property
+of metamorphosing into a wolf kneels within the circle, and prays a
+preliminary impromptu prayer. He then resorts to an incantation, which
+runs, so I have been told, as follows:--
+
+     "Hail, hail, hail, great wolf spirit, hail!
+      A boon I ask thee, mighty shade. Within this circle I have made,
+      Make me a werwolf strong and bold,
+      The terror alike of young and old.
+      Grant me a figure tall and spare;
+      The speed of the elk, the claws of the bear;
+      The poison of snakes, the wit of the fox;
+      The stealth of the wolf, the strength of the ox;
+      The jaws of the tiger, the teeth of the shark;
+      The eyes of a cat that sees in the dark.
+      Make me climb like a monkey, scent like a dog,
+      Swim like a fish, and eat like a hog.
+      Haste, haste, haste, lonely spirit, haste!
+      Here, wan and drear, magic spell making,
+      Findest thou me--shaking, quaking.
+      Softly fan me as I lie,
+      And thy mystic touch apply--
+      Touch apply, and I swear that when I die,
+      When I die, I will serve thee evermore,
+      Evermore, in grey wolf land, cold and raw."
+
+The incantation concluded, the supplicant then kisses the ground three
+times, and advancing to the fire, takes off the iron vessel, and
+whirling it smoking round his head, cries out:--
+
+     "Make me a werwolf! make me a man-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a woman-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a child-eater!
+      I pine for blood! human blood!
+      Give it me! give it me to-night!
+      Great Wolf Spirit! give it me, and
+      Heart, body, and soul, I am yours."
+
+The trees then begin to rustle, and the wind to moan, and out of the
+sudden darkness that envelops everything glows the tall, cylindrical,
+pillar-like phantom of the Unknown, seven or eight feet in height. It
+sometimes develops further, and assumes the form of a tall, thin
+monstrosity, half human and half animal, grey and nude, with very long
+legs and arms, and the feet and claws of a wolf. Its head is shaped like
+that of a wolf, but surrounded with the hair of a woman, that falls
+about its bare shoulders in yellow ringlets. It has wolf's ears and a
+wolf's mouth. Its aquiline nose and pale eyes are fashioned like those
+of a human being, but animated with an expression too diabolically
+malignant to proceed from anything but the superphysical.
+
+It seldom if ever speaks, but either utters some extraordinary noise--a
+prolonged howl that seems to proceed from the bowels of the earth, a
+piercing, harrowing whine, or a low laugh full of hellish glee, any of
+which sounds may be taken to express its assent to the favour asked.
+
+It only remains visible for a minute at the most, and then disappears
+with startling abruptness. The supplicant is now a werwolf. He undergoes
+his first metamorphosis into wolf form the following evening at sunset,
+reassuming his human shape at dawn; and so on, day after day, till his
+death, when he may once more metamorphose either from man form to wolf
+form, or vice versa, his corpse retaining whichever form has been
+assumed at the moment of death. However, with regard to this final
+metamorphosis there is no consistency: it may or may not take place. In
+the practice of exorcism, for the purpose of eradicating the evil
+property of werwolfery, all manner of methods are employed. Sometimes
+the werwolf is soundly whipped with ash twigs, and saturated with a
+potion such as I described in a previous chapter; sometimes he is made
+to lie or sit over, or lie or stand close beside, a vessel containing a
+fumigation mixture composed of sulphur, asafœtida, and castoreum, or
+hypericum and vinegar; or sometimes, again, he is well whipped and
+rubbed all over with the juice of the mistletoe berry. Occasionally a
+priest is summoned, and then a formal ceremony takes place.
+
+An altar is erected. On it are placed lighted candles, a Bible, a
+crucifix. The werwolf, in wolf form, bound hand and foot, is then placed
+on the ground at the foot of the altar, and fumigated with incense and
+sprinkled with holy water. The sign of the cross is made on his
+forehead, chest, back, and on the palms of his hands. Various prayers
+are read, and the affair concludes when the priest in a loud voice
+adjures the evil influence to depart, in the name of God the Father, the
+Son, the Holy Ghost, and the Virgin Mary.
+
+I have never, however, heard of any well-authenticated case testifying
+to the efficacy of this or of any other mode of exorcism. As far as I
+know, once a werwolf always a werwolf is an inviolable rule.
+
+Apparently women are more desirous of becoming werwolves than men, more
+women than men having acquired the property of werwolfery through their
+own act. In the case of women candidates for this evil property, the
+inspiring motive is almost always one of revenge, sometimes on a
+faithless lover, but more often on another woman; and when once women
+metamorphose thus, their craving for human flesh is simply
+insatiable--in fact, they are far more cruel and daring, and much more
+to be dreaded, than male werwolves. The following story seems to bear
+out the truth of this assertion:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF IVAN OF SHIGANSKA
+
+Shiganska was--for it no longer exists, having been obliterated about
+fifty years ago by a blizzard--a small village on the left bank of the
+Petchora, about a hundred miles from its mouth.
+
+Owing chiefly to the character of the adjacent country, Shiganska was
+wanting in every beauty and variety that charms the eye. It was situated
+on a stretch of flat land between two mountain ranges, _i.e._, the Ural
+on one side and the Taman on the other, and surrounded by a wood so
+thick that it was with the greatest difficulty anyone could force a way
+into it, supposing they had been sufficiently fortunate to escape
+sticking fast in the morasses of soft, rotten mould, that lie hidden in
+the least suspicious looking places, on its borders. Here were to be
+found lycanthropous blue and white flowers, which those desirous of
+becoming werwolves sought from far and wide, some even coming from
+Siberia, and some from away down South as far as Astrakan. And the woods
+abounded not only in werwolves, but in all sorts of supernatural
+horrors--phantoms of the dead, _i.e._ (of murderers and suicides) Vice
+Elementals and Vagrarians, vampires and ghouls; no region in Russia
+boasted so many, and for this reason it was scrupulously avoided by all
+sensible people after sunset.
+
+Ivan, like most of the male inhabitants of Shiganska, lived by the
+chase: the black fox, the sable, the fox with the dark-coloured throat,
+the red fox, white fox, squirrel, ermine, and black bear alike fell
+victims to his gun; whilst in the Petchora, when the weather permitted
+it, he caught, besides many other kinds of fish, a goodly proportion of
+salmon, nelma (a kind of salmon trout), bleak, sturgeon, sterlet, tochü,
+muksun, omul, and _Salmo Lavaretus_.
+
+It was a good living, that of the chase, albeit fraught with grave
+dangers; and Ivan, thanks to his exceptional powers with the rod as well
+as the rifle, was on the high road to prosperity.
+
+He lived with his mother and two sisters in a pretty house about a kös
+from Shiganska, and facing it was a level stretch of reed-grass
+terminating in the hemlock-covered banks of the Petchora. A few trees,
+chiefly birch and larch, dotted about the reed-grass afforded a
+delightful shade from the fierce heat of the short summer sun; and birds
+of all sorts, whose singing was a source of the keenest delight to Ivan
+and his sisters, made their homes in them.
+
+Unlike any other hunter in Shiganska, Ivan was fond of poetry and
+music; moreover, he had a dreamy disposition, and when his day's work
+was done he was content--nay, more than content--to watch the changing
+colours in the sky, or see in the glowing embers of the charcoal fire
+strange scenes and wildly familiar faces.
+
+One morning, in the month of April, Ivan set off to the woods, gun in
+hand, accompanied by his old and faithful dog, Dolk, in search of big
+game. He paused every now and then to look at the ice on the summits of
+the distant mountains. The sunlight falling on it imparted to it many
+different hues, and made it sparkle like flaming jewels. He stopped
+repeatedly to listen to the croaking of the raven, the cawing of the
+crows, and the piping of the bullfinches--sounds of which he was never
+weary, and never tired of trying to interpret.
+
+On this occasion, as usual, it was not until long after noon that he
+began seriously to think of looking for his quarry, and it was not until
+he had searched for some time that he at length came upon the tracks of
+a wild reindeer. Loosing Dolk, and tightening the buckles of his
+snow-shoes, he set to work to stalk the animal, and eventually sighted
+it browsing on a clump of reed-grass that grew on the bank of a mountain
+stream. The chase now began in earnest. It was a beautiful animal, and
+Ivan strained every effort to get within shooting range by leaping from
+rock to rock, and springing over stream after stream. In this manner he
+had progressed for more than a kös, when blood from the feet of the
+reindeer began to be visible on the fresh frozen snow; from its
+faltering pace the poor creature was evidently tired out, and Dolk was
+drawing closer and closer to it. In these circumstances Ivan was
+counting on the likelihood of his soon being near enough to fire, when
+suddenly the joyful barking of the dog changed to a prodigious howl of
+agony. With redoubled speed Ivan pushed ahead, and, presently, at a
+distance of about two gunshots, he saw two small black objects lying on
+the snow covered with blood.
+
+They were the remains of Dolk, who, having come up with the reindeer and
+driven it into a small brook, was keeping it there until Ivan arrived,
+when a hungry wolf had leaped down the side of a rock and, seizing him
+in his powerful jaws, had bitten him in half. The wolf had evidently
+intended to eat Dolk, but, catching sight of Ivan, had made off.
+
+Ivan was inconsolable. Dolk had hunted with him as a puppy of six months
+old, and for eight years the dog had never let him know a hungry day.
+Ivan had been offered ten reindeer for him, but he would not have parted
+with him for any number, and without Dolk he knew not how to show
+himself at home, for both his mother and sisters were devoted to the
+faithful animal.
+
+Determined on vengeance, Ivan followed the wolf's tracks, which led, by
+an unfamiliar path, to the mouth of a vast and gloomy cavern. There he
+lost sight of them, and he was deliberating what to do next, when a loud
+peal of silvery laughter broke on his ears and awoke the silent echoes
+of the grim walls around him. Ivan started in open-mouthed astonishment.
+Standing before him was a girl more lovely--ten thousand times more
+lovely--than any woman he had hitherto seen. To the magic of a beautiful
+form in woman--the necromancy of female grace--there was no more ready
+and willing subject than Ivan; and here, at last, he had found grace
+personified, incarnate, the highest ideal of all his wildest and most
+cherished dreams. His most magnificent "castle" had never contained a
+princess half as fair as this one. Her figure was rather above the
+medium height, supple and slender. Her feet and hands were small, her
+wrists well rounded, her fingers long and white, and tipped with pink
+and glossy almond-shaped nails--if anything a trifle too long. But it
+was her face that so attracted Ivan as to almost hold him
+spellbound--the neat and delicately moulded features all in perfect
+harmony; the daintily cut lips; the white gleaming teeth; the low
+forehead crowned with golden curls; the long, thick-lashed, blue eyes
+that looked steadily into his, and seemed to read his very soul.
+
+Moreover, in her blue eyes there was bewildering depth; a sense of
+coldness that was positively benumbing, and which was reminiscent of the
+blue petrifying waters of the Ural Lakes; a magnetism that was
+paralysing, that held in complete obeisance both mind and limb, and was
+comparable to nothing so nearly as the hypnotic influence of the tiger
+or snake, but which differed from the latter inasmuch as its
+inspirations were just as delightful as those of the tiger and snake are
+harrowing and terrifying.
+
+She was clad from head to foot in fur--white fur--but neither her dress
+nor her presence excited any other thoughts in Ivan except those of
+intense admiration--admiration which surged through every pore of his
+skin.
+
+"Well!" she demanded, "what brings you here, my good man? There is no
+game in this cave."
+
+"Isn't there?" Ivan stammered, his eyes looking at her adoringly. "All
+the same I would cheerfully forgo all the pleasures of the chase to come
+here."
+
+"You are very gallant for a huntsman, sir," the girl replied with a
+smile; "but for your own sake I must urge you to go away at once. I live
+here with my father--a confirmed recluse who detests the sight of human
+beings; were he to discover me talking to one I should get into sad
+trouble, and with regard to you I could not say what might happen."
+
+But Ivan came of a race that paid little heed to any warning when once
+their blood was fired; consequently, despite the repeated admonitions of
+his beautiful companion--admonitions which her eyes seemed to
+contradict--he stayed and stayed, whilst--forgetful of mother and
+sisters, home, and even Dolk--he made a passionate avowal of his love.
+The afternoon quickly passed, and the sun was beginning to set, when the
+girl, whose name he had learned was Breda, almost pushed him out of the
+cavern.
+
+"If you don't go now," she urged, "I may never see you again."
+
+"And would you care?" he asked.
+
+"Perhaps," she replied; "perhaps, just a little--a wee, wee bit. You
+see, I don't get the opportunity of meeting many people!"
+
+He caught her by the hand and kissed it passionately; and with the sound
+of her light, intoxicating laughter thrilling through his soul, he
+descended to the bed of the mountain streamlet, and turned his steps
+blithely towards home.
+
+That was the beginning, but not the end. He courted her--he married her
+and she came to live with his mother and sisters, who for his sake tried
+to like her and even pretended that they did like her. But in secret
+they said to one another, "She has no heart; she is cold as an icicle;
+her lips are thin and cruel. She would serve Ivan badly if we were not
+here to check her."
+
+And Breda certainly had her idiosyncrasies. She preferred raw to cooked
+meat, and would not sleep in the same room as her husband. She grew very
+angry when Ivan expostulated, saying, "You promised you would never
+thwart me. If you do not keep your word, I shall despise you, scorn you,
+hate you." And Ivan, who loved his wife beyond anything, yielded.
+
+Some weeks after their marriage, neighbours complained of losing cattle
+and horses. They said there was a wolf about, and that its tracks, which
+they had followed, always ended under the walls of Ivan's house. They
+asked Ivan if he had not heard the brute. But he had heard nothing, he
+slept very soundly. Then they inquired of Ivan's sisters and mother, who
+also replied in the negative; but there was hesitation in their voices,
+and they looked very frightened and ashamed. And then people began to
+talk. They looked at Breda curiously, and finally they cut her. One
+night, when there was a downfall of snow, and the wind howled down the
+chimneys of Ivan's house and blew the snow, with heavy thumps against
+the window-panes, Ivan, who could not sleep for the storm, heard the
+door of Breda's room open very softly, and light steps steal stealthily
+down the passage. Then there came a half-suppressed, half-smothered cry,
+a groan, and all was still. Ivan got out of bed and opened his door, but
+his wife's voice called to him from the darkness and bade him go back.
+
+"Do not be alarmed and make a fuss," she said; "I was ill a moment ago,
+but am quite well again now. Go back to bed at once, or I shall be very
+angry." And Ivan obeyed her.
+
+In the morning his eldest sister, Beata, was found dead in bed, her
+throat, breast, and stomach slit open, as is the custom with wolves, and
+her flesh all mangled and eaten.
+
+Breda took no food that day, and Ivan's mother and other sister,
+Malvina, looked at her out of the corner of their eyes and shuddered.
+But Ivan said nothing. A week later the same fate befell Malvina. Then
+Ivan's mother spoke. She told him that he must assuredly be under some
+evil spell, or he would never remain idle whilst his sisters' destroyer
+was at large, and she adjured him, by all that he held holy, not to
+allow himself a moment's rest till he had had ample vengeance for the
+loss of two such valuable lives.
+
+Roused at last, Ivan, instead of going to bed, sat up, gun in hand, and
+watched. He passed many nights thus, and his patience was well nigh
+exhausted when, during one of the vigils, he fell asleep, dreaming as
+usual of the blue eyes and golden curls of Breda, whose beauty held him
+just as much enthralled as ever. From this slumber he was awakened by
+loud screams for help. Seizing his gun, and taking a random aim at a
+huge white wolf as he went (though without stopping to see the effects
+of the shot), he ran to his mother's bedside. She was dead. Her throat
+and body were slit; but she was not eaten.
+
+Wild with grief and thirsting for revenge, Ivan started off in pursuit
+of the wolf, and discovered, in the passage, a track of blood which
+terminated at his wife's door. Receiving no reply when he asked for
+admittance, he entered the room and found Breda lying on the floor, in
+her nightdress, the blood streaming from a wound in her shoulder. Ivan
+knelt down and examined her. She had been struck by a bullet, and the
+bullet fitted the bore of his gun.
+
+He knew the truth then--the truth he might have known all along, had he
+not, in his blind love, thrust it far from him--and, in the sudden
+alteration of his feeling, he raised his knife to kill her. But Breda
+opened her eyes, and the weapon fell from his hand.
+
+"You know part of my secret now," she whispered, "but you don't know
+everything. I am a werwolf, not by inheritance, but of my own free will.
+In order to become one I ate the blue flowers in the wood. I did so to
+be avenged on my husband."
+
+"Your husband!" Ivan cried; "good God! then you were a widow when I met
+you?"
+
+"Yes," Breda said slowly and with apparent effort. "I was forced into my
+first marriage by my all too worldly parents, and my husband ill-used
+and beat me!"
+
+"The devil! the cold-hearted, cowardly devil!" Ivan ejaculated, "I would
+have killed him."
+
+"That is what I did," Breda remarked; "I did kill him, and it was in
+order to make certain of killing him that I became a werwolf."
+
+"Did you eat him?" Ivan asked, horribly fascinated.
+
+"Don't ask questions," Breda said, averting her eyes, "and for God's
+sake don't lose any more time. As you love me, screen me from detection;
+hide all traces of to-night's handiwork as quickly as possible."
+
+As usual, Ivan did as she requested him, and giving out that his mother
+had died suddenly, from heart failure, he had her interred with as
+little publicity as possible.
+
+Before very long, however, the neighbours began to ask such pointed
+questions, that Ivan now lived in a state of chronic suspense. He feared
+every moment that the truth would leak out, and that his beautiful young
+wife would receive condign punishment.
+
+At last, finding such a state of apprehension intolerable, he confided
+in an old man who was reputed a sage and metaphysician--one who was
+extremely well versed in all matters appertaining to the spiritual
+world. "There is only one course to pursue," the old man said, "you must
+have the evil spirit in her exorcized, and you must have it done
+immediately. Otherwise, she will continue her depredations, and your
+good neighbours will find her out and kill her. They more than half
+suspect her now, and are talking of paying a visit some night, when you
+are snug and safe in bed, to the cemetery, to see if the story you told
+them about your mother's and sisters' sudden deaths is correct."
+
+"What kind of exorcism would you use?" Ivan inquired nervously. "You
+would not hurt her?"
+
+"The form of exorcism I should make use of would do her no lasting
+harm," the old man said feelingly; "you can rely on me for that."
+
+"But is exorcism always effectual?" Ivan persisted.
+
+"When exorcism is ineffectual it is the exception, not the rule," the
+old man replied, "and there are very few cases of exorcism being
+employed ineffectually upon those who have become werwolves through the
+practice of magic, or the medium of flowers or of water."
+
+"Should my wife refuse to undergo the ceremony, what would you advise
+then?" Ivan asked.
+
+"Strategy and force," the old man said, "anything to prevent her
+continuing in her demoniacal ways, and being burned or drowned by an
+infuriated mob."
+
+Thus admonished, Ivan, without delay, broached the matter to Breda. But
+she was so angry with him for having dared even to mention exorcism,
+that he thought it best to act on the advice of the old occultist and to
+catch her unawares. Consequently, one evening, when the moon was in the
+full, and she had just changed into wolf form, he stole into her room
+accompanied by the old man and two assistants. After a desperate
+struggle, Ivan and the three exorcists overpowered her, and bound her so
+securely that she could not move.
+
+They then took her out of doors, to a lonely spot at the back of the
+house, and placed her in the centre of an equilateral triangle that had
+been carefully marked on the ground, in red chalk. At seven or eight
+feet to the west of the triangle they then kindled a wood fire, and
+placed over it a vessel containing a fumigation mixture of hypericum,
+vinegar, sulphur, cayenne, and mountain ash berries.
+
+The old man then knelt down, and crossing himself on his forehead and
+chest, prayed vigorously, until the preparation in the pot began to give
+off strong fumes. He then arose, and both he and his assistants took up
+specially prepared switches, cut from a mountain ash, and gripping them
+tightly in their hands, approached the recumbent form of the werwolf.
+This, however, was more than Ivan could stand--he had objected strongly
+enough to the fumigation, which, being nauseous and irritating, had made
+his wolf-wife gasp and choke; but when it came to flogging her--well, it
+turned him sick and cold. He forgot discretion, prudence, everything,
+saving the one great fact--monstrous, incredible, abominable--that the
+being he loved, adored, and worshipped was about to be beaten with rods!
+With a shout of wrath he rushed at the trio, and snatching their wands
+from them, laid them so soundly about their backs that they all three
+fled from the ground, shrieking with pain and terror. Then he knelt by
+his prostrate wife, and cutting the thongs that bound her, set her free.
+She rose on her feet a huge, white wolf. Regarding him steadily for a
+moment from out of her gleaming grey eyes, she swung slowly round, and
+with one more look, more human than animal, she darted swiftly away, and
+was speedily lost in the gloom.
+
+
+
+
+METHUEN'S POPULAR NOVELS
+
+AUTUMN 1912
+
+
+THE BIG FISH
+
+By H. B. Marriott Watson, Author of 'Alise of Astra.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[July
+
+This strange tale of adventure in the mountains of Peru has a certain
+basis in fact. 'The Big Fish' is the name by which the lost treasure of
+the Incas is known, and the story describes the search for it, which
+opens in a London auction room and, after many tragic adventures, ends
+in the lonely mountains in a manner which neither of the seekers had
+anticipated, but with which both are satisfied.
+
+
+HER SERENE HIGHNESS
+
+By Philip Laurence Oliphant. Cr. 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+Disillusioned, and disgusted with Western civilization, the hero of this
+story, a man of remarkable force and quality, turns to the ideals of the
+East, becomes to all intents an Oriental, and makes for himself a great
+position as the white ruler of a black people in Central India. His wife
+deserted him in early life under a misunderstanding, goes in search of
+him, and finding him at last, throws in her lot with his, and succeeds
+in winning him back; but not until through jealousy and other passions,
+he is forced to witness the sacrifice of his power and fly for very
+life.
+
+
+JUDITH LEE: Some Pages from her Life
+
+By Richard Marsh, Author of 'A Royal Indiscretion.' With Four
+Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+The world has already been introduced to the famous female detective
+Judith Lee in the pages of the Strand Magazine, where her popularity
+was very great. The child of parents who were teachers of the oral
+system to the deaf and dumb, as soon almost as she learnt to speak she
+learnt to read what people were saying by watching their lips. Devoting
+her whole life to the improvement of a very singular natural aptitude,
+and employing it in the discovery and frustration of crime, she has
+become, as we find in this book, a constant source of wonder and
+delight, and a very encyclopædia of adventure.
+
+
+THE OAKUM PICKERS
+
+By L. S. Gibson, Author of 'The Heart of Desire.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+A story treating of modern social life, and incidentally of the
+hardships inflicted by certain phases of the Divorce Laws upon the
+innocent partner in an unhappy marriage. The two very dissimilar women
+are well delineated and contrasted. Cynthia and Elizabeth, each in her
+own way, are so human and sympathetic that the reader can hardly fail to
+endorse the quotation on the title-page, 'I do not blame such women, but
+for love they pick much oakum.' The men are drawn with no less strength
+and sincerity; while Lady Juliet--the brilliant, heartless, little
+mondaine who precipitates the tragedy of three lives--is a thumb-nail
+sketch of a fascinating, if worthless, type.
+
+
+HAUNTING SHADOWS; or, The House of Terror
+
+By M. F. Hutchinson. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+An English girl, brought up under harsh surroundings, considers that
+opportunity suddenly opens the doors of Life. But these doors swing back
+to the accompaniment of sinister and terrible things. The very threshold
+of the new life is a place of terror. A harsh and inexorable fate forces
+her reluctant feet along a difficult way, where it seems as if none of
+the joys of existence can lighten the darkness. The story shows with
+what results to herself and others Elaine Westcourt became an inmate of
+the 'House of Terror.'
+
+
+A WILDERNESS WOOING
+
+By W. Victor Cook, Author of 'Anton of the Alps.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A thrilling story of the early French-Canadian pioneers, and the
+romantic adventures of a young heir to an English earldom. The novel,
+which is full of excitement and dramatic incident, presents a series of
+vivid pictures of the days when the great pathfinder La Salle was
+carrying the lilies of France at utmost hazard into the Western wilds.
+The love interest is strong, and attractively handled, and even such
+strange-seeming affairs as the 'Ship of Women' and the marriage market
+at Quebec have their historical sanction.
+
+
+NANCE OF MANCHESTER
+
+By Orme Agnus, Author of 'Sarah Fuldon's Lovers.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Dr. Anthony Belton called Nance 'the bravest girl in Manchester,' and he
+was a good judge. She assumed maternal cares at an early age, and she
+lived for her children. Later she took up her residence in the South of
+England with Mrs. Nolliver, and there struck up a friendship with Miss
+Denise Martayne, a lady whose gifts had put her in an exalted if not a
+happy position. It was a friendship that dispelled gloom and created
+happiness. 'Nance of Manchester' is a tribute to the omnipotence of
+love.
+
+
+A KINGDOM DIVIDED
+
+By David Lisle, Author of 'A Painter of Souls.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+This new novel by the author of A Painter of Souls may be described as
+actively controversial. It deals largely with poignant chapters in the
+life of a young clergyman, and in its pages we find an amazing array of
+startling facts connected with the march of Ritualism and the future of
+England. Side by side with the history of a tragic struggle we find
+glowing descriptions of scenery and of brilliant social life. The scene
+is laid in Devon, and, later on, at Biarritz.
+
+
+A WOMAN IN THE LIMELIGHT
+
+By Charles Gleig, Author of 'The Nancy Manœuvres.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A Woman in the Limelight presents candidly a typical actress of the
+Musical Comedy Stage, treating of her career and her love affairs with a
+realism that is convincing, but free of offence. The heroine allures and
+for a long time retains the devotion and affection of a typical solitary
+Londoner, who is not less devoted to the bon motif; but the inevitable
+break occurs. There is plenty of humour and of first-hand knowledge in
+this study of upper Bohemian life of to-day, and the characters are
+vividly drawn.
+
+
+BURIED ALIVE
+
+By Arnold Bennett, Author of 'Clayhanger.' A New Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+This is a reprint of one of Mr. Bennett's most delightful stories. It
+has been out of print for some time.
+
+
+THE STREET CALLED STRAIGHT
+
+By the Author of 'The Wild Olive.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The anonymous author of those very interesting novels The Inner Shrine
+and The Wild Olive has in the new book dealt with a financial man's
+case of conscience. The story, which is laid for the most part in
+Boston, illustrates the New England proverb, 'By the street called
+straight'--should it not be strait?--'we come to the house called
+beautiful.'
+
+
+IT HAPPENED IN SMYRNA
+
+By Thomas Edgelow. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+A vivid record of Eastern travel and adventure by a new author, who is
+introduced to the novel-reading public by no less a sponsor than
+Baroness von Hutten--the authoress of Pam whose cheery preface in the
+form of an open letter will be found in Mr. Edgelow's first book. The
+story opens on a German liner off the East African coast, and leads us
+via Port Said to Smyrna. There and in the interior of Turkey-in-Asia
+are laid the scenes of Tony Paynter's adventures. It is in the Smyrna
+bazaars that he and Sylvia Sayers first encounter the Turk who is
+destined to play so important a rôle in their two lives, and it is
+from Smyrna that, at last, they sail away when all has happily ended.
+
+
+DEVOTED SPARKES
+
+By W. Pett Ridge, Author of 'Thanks to Sanderson.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Mr. Pett Ridge's new novel, an animated story of London life, concerns a
+girl sent out to service by her stepmother. Taking the management of
+her career into her own hands, and holding the reins, goes first to a
+house on the north side of Regent's Park, afterwards to the
+neighbourhood of Berkeley Square; and her adventures in both situations,
+her acquaintances, and the person to whom she is devoted, are described
+in Mr. Pett Ridge's brightest manner.
+
+
+THE ANGLO-INDIANS
+
+By Alice Perrin, Author of 'The Charm.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The background of this novel is the contrast between official life in
+India and a pensioned existence in England. The theme of the story is
+the affection, almost amounting to a passion, that the heroine feels
+towards India, where she has spent part of her childhood and her early
+girlhood; it leads to a love adventure involving the chief problem
+between the East and West.
+
+
+THE HEATHER MOON
+
+By C. N. and A. M. Williamson, Authors of 'The Lightning Conductor.'
+Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of a motor tour in Scotland and many quests. The drama shows
+us a girl in search of her mother, who has her own reasons for not
+wishing to be found by a pretty grown-up daughter. A man in search of
+some lost illusions is also here, and the girl helps him to discover
+that they are not illusions but splendid truths. Other seekers are a
+woman in search of love, and her brother in search of materials for a
+novel. In finding or failing to find these things a romance of a very
+original kind with many conflicting interests has been evolved.
+
+
+THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE
+
+By John Oxenham, Author of 'The Long Road.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+By 'The Golden Rose' the author means the Spirit of Romance--Love--and
+all that pertains thereto. The story tells how three very typical
+Englishmen--surgeon--artist--barrister--encounter it in odd fashion
+while tramping the High Alps, and follow it up each in his own peculiar
+way to his destined end. Their various testings, mental, moral, and
+physical, make the story, which is replete with the joy, the sorrow, and
+the tragedy of life.
+
+
+OLIVIA MARY
+
+By E. Maria Albanesi, Author of 'The Glad Heart.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+In this, her first new novel to be published since The Glad Heart,
+Madame Albanesi strikes new ground. Although full of able and
+sympathetic characterization and that elusive charm which belongs to all
+her books, this story is unlike any that she has yet written. The author
+deals with a problem which is the outcome of emotions at once simple,
+even ordinary, and yet at the same time profound and most touching.
+
+
+SALLY
+
+By Dorothea Conyers, Author of 'Two Impostors and Tinker.' Crown 8vo,
+6s. [August
+
+A hunting novel of Irish life. The scene is laid in the wilds of
+Connemara, where a man suffering from melancholia starts hunting over
+the mountains and the bogs. A seaside lodge close to him is taken by
+some strangers, and the plot of the book then turns on the lonely man,
+who has not spoken for years save when obliged to, being charmed from
+his loneliness by Sally Stannard, and the subsequent complications which
+ensue betwixt her and her various lovers.
+
+
+LAMORNA
+
+By Mrs. A. Sidgwick, Author of 'The Severins.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of two girls united by kinship and affection, but divided by
+character and temperament. Lamorna, the elder one, has to look on while
+her cousin makes a tragedy of her life and successively becomes the
+victim of a roué and a mischief-monger. Lamorna's own fate is at one
+time so enmeshed with her cousin's that she requires all her sense and
+strength to escape from the toils set by a man who would override all
+scruple and all honour to win her.
+
+
+THE HAPPY FAMILY
+
+By Frank Swinnerton, Author of 'The Young Idea.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+The Happy Family is a realistic comedy of life in London suburbs. The
+scenes are laid principally in Kentish Town, with excursions to
+Hampstead, Highgate, and Gospel Oak; while unusual pictures of the
+publishing trade form a setting to the highly-important office-life of
+the chief male characters. The interplay of diverse temperaments, the
+conflict between the ideal and the actual, are the basis of the story,
+which, however, is concerned with people rather than problems.
+
+
+DARNELEY PLACE
+
+By Richard Bagot, Author of 'Donna Diana.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+The scene of Mr. Richard Bagot's new novel is laid partly in England and
+partly in Italy. The story turns upon the double life led by a wealthy
+English landowner in consequence of the abduction in his more youthful
+days of the daughter of an old Italian house at a period when he had no
+prospect of succeeding to the position he subsequently attained.
+Incidentally, the novel deals with certain phases of Italian
+Spiritualism, and Mr. Bagot's readers will again resume their
+acquaintance with some of the most sympathetic characters described in
+his previous work The Passport.
+
+
+A KNIGHT OF SPAIN
+
+By Marjorie Bowen, Author of 'I Will Maintain.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+This story is laid in the stormy and sombre last half of the sixteenth
+century, and deals with the fortunes of the Royal House of Spain, the
+most powerful, cruel, and tragic dynasty of modern Europe. The hero is
+Charles V's son, the gay, beautiful, and heroic Don Juan of Austria, who
+rose to an unparalleled renown in Christendom as the victor of Lepanto,
+intoxicated himself with visions of a crown and the rank of 'Infant' of
+Spain, and from the moment of his apogee was swiftly cast down by his
+brother, Philip II, sent to undertake the impossible task of ruling the
+Low Countries, and left to die, forsaken, of a mysterious illness, at
+the age of twenty-eight, in a camp outside Namur. The story embraces the
+greater part of this Prince's short life, which was one glowing romance
+of love and war, played in the various splendours of Spain, Genoa,
+Venice, Naples, Sicily, Africa, Paris, and Brussels.
+
+
+REMITTANCE BILLY
+
+By Ashton Hilliers, Author of 'Memoirs of a Person of Quality.' Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In this book Mr. Ashton Hilliers, again finding his material in the
+world we live in, tells of the quite excusable muddling of a straight,
+but rather stupid young gentleman, whose ignorance of 'business' is too
+severely punished by 'business-like relations,' who regard him as
+hopeless, until he, saved by his love of nature, and befriended by
+outsiders who see stuff in the fellow, muddles through, to the surprise
+of his family and himself. There is a nice girl in it, and a militant
+suffragette, but only two unfortunate marriages, and one of these comes
+right at last.
+
+
+HONOURS EASY
+
+By Mrs. J. O. Arnold, Author of 'The Fiddler.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+The interest of this story centres in the will of a Professor Clifford,
+in which a large sum of money is left to the scientist who shall within
+a specified time finish the testator's life research. Failing its
+completion the money is to revert to his stepdaughter. Humphrey Wyatt
+undertakes the task, incidentally falling in love with the stepdaughter,
+of whose relationship to the Professor he is unaware. What happens
+before and after he discovers her identity makes a charming romantic
+ending to the book.
+
+
+LONDON LAVENDER: An Entertainment
+
+By E. V. Lucas, Author of 'Mr. Ingleside.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+This will make Mr. Lucas's fourth novel, or 'Entertainment' as he
+prefers to call his stories; and readers of the preceding three may find
+some old acquaintances. The scene is again laid principally in London,
+and again an odd company of types converse and have urbane adventures.
+
+
+THE HOLIDAY ROUND
+
+By A. A. Milne, Author of 'The Day's Play.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+Among our younger humorists none has so quickly found his way to the
+hearts of readers as 'A. A. M.' of Punch, whose special gift and
+privilege it is to touch Wednesdays with irresponsibility and fun. He
+has now brought together a further collection of his contributions to
+Punch, similar in character to The Day's Play published two years
+ago. The history of the Rabbits is continued, and is supplemented by
+'Little Plays for Amateurs,' 'Stories of Successful Lives,' and many
+other of his recent dialogues and sketches.
+
+
+THE ROYAL ROAD: Being the Story of the Life, Death, and Resurrection of
+Edward Hankey of London
+
+By Alfred Ollivant, Author of 'Owd Bob.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In the pages of this book the reader follows the courageous spirit of a
+working man down the alley of life. We hear his laughter; share his
+joys; and watch the heroic struggle of his soul against the circumstance
+that is oppressing him. The book, remorseless in its representation of
+things as they are, is strong in hope: for it finds its inspiration in
+the Love that shall some day conquer the world. It is a story for all
+who seek to succour our England in her distress. To read it is to
+understand something of her troubles of this present time, and to have a
+glimpse of the glory that shall be revealed in her. A stern book, it is
+to those who read aright a joyful one. For it is a prophecy of dawn.
+
+
+MARY PECHELL
+
+By Mrs. Belloc Lowndes, Author of 'The Uttermost Farthing,' etc. Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In her new novel Mrs. Belloc Lowndes returns to the manner of Barbara
+Rebell. It is an ample, spacious tale of English country-house life,
+laid in a quiet Sussex village, dominated by the ruins of an ancient
+castle, the scene of the last Lord Wolferstan's lawless but not ignoble
+passion. The writer shows all her old power of presenting the passion of
+love in each of its Protean phases. Mary Pechell herself is a lovely,
+gracious figure, whose compelling charm the reader feels from the first.
+In half-humorous, half-pathetic contrast is the middle-aged romance of
+Miss Rose Charnwood, touched with the tenderest sentiment, and not
+belied by the happiness in store both for her and for Mary Pechell
+herself.
+
+
+THE SILVER DRESS
+
+By Mrs. George Norman, Author of 'Lady Fanny.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+A novel describing the life of an attractive and still young woman whose
+circumstances are those of so many others of her type in England, for
+she has no acquaintances but women, is approaching 'the youth of middle
+age' without yet knowing love or any vital interest. Then, quite
+unexpectedly, adventure, and, subsequently, love coming to her, she
+lives for the first time.
+
+
+THE SUBURBAN
+
+By H. C. Bailey, Author of 'Storm and Treasure.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+In this novel Mr. H. C. Bailey, who is best known by his spirited
+historical romances, has deserted the past for the present. He tells a
+story of modern London. The scenes are laid in poor middle-class life,
+in the worlds of journalism and theoretical revolutionaries and
+business. His hero is one of the most ordinary of men, fighting his way
+up from the borders of poverty to respectable suburban comfort. With him
+is contrasted a much more brilliant creature, an apostle of the newest
+creeds of revolt. Both have to do with the master of one of the great
+modern organizations of finance and industry. In the heroine Mr. Bailey
+has given us a study of one of the newest types of young women of the
+middle class.
+
+
+BETTY HARRIS
+
+By Jennette Lee, Author of 'Uncle William' and 'Happy Island.' Crown
+8vo, 3s. 6d. [September
+
+Betty Harris, the only child of an American millionaire, strays one day
+into the shop of a Greek fruit-dealer, Achilles Alexandrakis, and
+watches the flight of a butterfly that the Greek liberates from its grey
+cocoon. The story is of the friendship that grew out of this meeting,
+and a rescue that grew out of the friendship. This blend of the spirit
+of the old world and the new, meeting in the grimy Chicago shop and
+finding out their need of each other, gives the book a piquancy.
+
+
+THE FOOL IN CHRIST
+
+By Gerhart Hauptmann. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+A translation of Hauptmann's most wonderful novel--a work that attempts
+to place the living human Christ before sophisticated twentieth-century
+eyes. Whatever other effect it may have, the book cannot fail to cause
+discussion. In Quint, a figure at once pathetic and inspiring, the
+author has drawn a character whose divine charm should be felt by every
+reader.
+
+
+CHARLES THE GREAT
+
+By Mrs. H. H. Penrose, Author of 'The Sheltered Woman,' etc. Crown 8vo,
+6s. [September
+
+Charles the Great is a very light comedy, and it therefore counts as a
+new departure for Mrs. H. H. Penrose. Those who like their fiction to
+provide them with 'a good laugh' will doubtless prefer this book, which
+is packed from cover to cover with mirth-provoking material, to those
+other books by the same author, in which humour acts chiefly as
+train-bearer to tragedy. The determination of Charles to invent for
+himself a greatness which he is incapable of otherwise achieving, and
+its effect on his circle of intimates, are set forth in an exceedingly
+lively story, the plot of which it would be unfair to give away.
+
+
+THE ACE OF HEARTS
+
+By C. Thomas-Stanford. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+An English Member of Parliament, spending a holiday in the Portuguese
+island of Madeira in January 1912, becomes unwittingly privy to a plot
+against the Republican Government. The conspirators, fearful that he
+will betray their secrets, make him prisoner; but he escapes to
+experience a series of adventures on the rugged coast, and amid the wild
+mountains of the island. Through the tangled web of plot and
+counter-plot runs the thread of a love story.
+
+
+METHUEN & CO. LTD., 36 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF BOOKS
+PUBLISHED BY METHUEN
+AND CO. LTD., LONDON
+36 ESSEX STREET
+W.C.
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                             PAGE
+
+General Literature                                              2
+  Ancient Cities                                               12
+  Antiquary's Books                                            12
+  Arden Shakespeare                                            13
+  Classics of Art                                              13
+  "Complete" Series                                            13
+  Connoisseur's Library                                        14
+  Handbooks of English Church History                          14
+  Handbooks of Theology                                        14
+  "Home Life" Series                                           14
+  Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books       15
+  Leaders of Religion                                          15
+  Library of Devotion                                          16
+  Little Books on Art                                          16
+  Little Galleries                                             17
+  Little Guides                                                17
+  Little Library                                               18
+  Little Quarto Shakespeare                                    19
+  Miniature Library                                            19
+  New Library of Medicine                                      19
+  New Library of Music                                         19
+  Oxford Biographies                                           19
+  Three Plays                                                  20
+  States of Italy                                              20
+  Westminster Commentaries                                     20
+  "Young" Series                                               20
+  Shilling Library                                             21
+Books for Travellers                                           21
+Some Books on Art                                              21
+Some Books on Italy                                            22
+Fiction                                                        23
+  Two-Shilling Novels                                          27
+  Books for Boys and Girls                                     27
+  Shilling Novels                                              28
+  Novels of Alexandre Dumas                                    28
+  Sixpenny Books                                               29
+
+
+JULY 1912
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF
+Messrs. Methuen's
+PUBLICATIONS
+
+
+In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
+that the book is in the press.
+
+Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. Methuen's Novels issued
+at a price above 2s. 6d., and similar editions are published of some
+works of General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation
+in the British Colonies and India.
+
+All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought
+at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to
+the discount which the bookseller allows.
+
+Messrs. Methuen's books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If
+there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very
+glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be
+sent on receipt of the published price plus postage for net books, and
+of the published price for ordinary books.
+
+This Catalogue contains only a selection of the more important books
+published by Messrs. Methuen. A complete and illustrated catalogue of
+their publications may be obtained on application.
+
+
+Andrewes (Lancelot). PRECES PRIVATAE. Translated and edited, with Notes,
+by F. E. Brightman. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Aristotle. THE ETHICS. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by John
+Burnet. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Atkinson (C. T.). A HISTORY OF GERMANY, 1715-1815. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Atkinson (T. D.). ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. 3s.
+6d. net.
+
+A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+ENGLISH AND WELSH CATHEDRALS. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bain (F. W.). A DIGIT OF THE MOON: A Hindoo Love Story. Ninth Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE DESCENT OF THE SUN: A Cycle of Birth. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+A HEIFER OF THE DAWN. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+IN THE GREAT GOD'S HAIR. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+A DRAUGHT OF THE BLUE. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN ESSENCE OF THE DUSK. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN INCARNATION OF THE SNOW. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+A MINE OF FAULTS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE ASHES OF A GOD. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+*BUBBLES OF THE FOAM. Fcap 4to. 5s. net. Also Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Balfour (Graham). THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. Illustrated.
+Fifth Edition in one Volume. Cr. 8vo. Buckram, 6s. Also Fcap.
+8vo. 1s. net.
+
+
+Baring (Hon. Maurice). A YEAR IN RUSSIA. Second Edition. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+LANDMARKS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
+net.
+
+RUSSIAN ESSAYS AND STORIES. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.). THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Royal 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+THE TRAGEDY OF THE CÆSARS: A Study of the Characters of the Cæsars of
+the Julian and Claudian Houses. Illustrated. Seventh Edition. Royal
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+THE VICAR OF MORWENSTOW. With a Portrait. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. *Also Fcap. 8vo. 1s. net.
+
+OLD COUNTRY LIFE. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Large Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF CORNWALL. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF DARTMOOR. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF DEVON. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.) and Sheppard (H. Fleetwood). A GARLAND OF COUNTRY
+SONG. English Folk Songs with their Traditional Melodies. Demy 4to.
+6s.
+
+SONGS OF THE WEST: Folk Songs of Devon and Cornwall. Collected from the
+Mouths of the People. New and Revised Edition, under the musical
+editorship of Cecil J. Sharp. Large Imperial 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+
+Barker (E.). THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLE. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bastable (C. F.). THE COMMERCE OF NATIONS. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+2s. 6d.
+
+
+Beckford (Peter). THOUGHTS ON HUNTING. Edited by J. Otho Paget.
+Illustrated. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Belloc (H.). PARIS. Illustrated. Second Edition, Revised. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+HILLS AND THE SEA. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON NOTHING AND KINDRED SUBJECTS. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON EVERYTHING. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON SOMETHING. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+FIRST AND LAST. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+MARIE ANTOINETTE. Illustrated. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+THE PYRENEES. Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bennett (W. H.). A PRIMER OF THE BIBLE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 2s.
+6d.
+
+
+Bennett (W. H.) and Adeney (W. F.). A BIBLICAL INTRODUCTION. With a
+concise Bibliography. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 7s. 6d. Also in Two
+Volumes. Cr. 8vo. Each 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Benson (Archbishop). GOD'S BOARD. Communion Addresses. Second Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bicknell (Ethel E.). PARIS AND HER TREASURES. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo.
+Round corners. 5s. net.
+
+
+Blake (William). ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOOK OF JOB. With a General
+Introduction by Laurence Binyon. Illustrated. Quarto. 21s. net.
+
+
+Bloemfontein (Bishop of). ARA CÅ’LI: An Essay in Mystical Theology.
+Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+FAITH AND EXPERIENCE. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bowden (E. M.). THE IMITATION OF BUDDHA: Quotations from Buddhist
+Literature for each Day in the Year. Sixth Edition. Cr. 16mo. 2s.
+6d.
+
+
+Brabant (F. G.). RAMBLES IN SUSSEX. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bradley (A. G.). ROUND ABOUT WILTSHIRE. Illustrated. Second Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE ROMANCE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Braid (James). ADVANCED GOLF. Illustrated. Seventh Edition. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Brodrick (Mary) and Morton (A. Anderson). A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF
+EGYPTIAN ARCHÆOLOGY. A Handbook for Students and Travellers.
+Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+Browning. (Robert). PARACELSUS. Edited with an Introduction, Notes, and
+Bibliography by Margaret L. Lee and Katharine B. Locock. Fcap. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Buckton (A. M.). EAGER HEART: A Christmas Mystery-Play. Tenth Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 1s. net.
+
+
+Bull (Paul). GOD AND OUR SOLDIERS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Burns (Robert). THE POEMS AND SONGS. Edited by Andrew Lang and W. A.
+Craigie. With Portrait. Third Edition. Wide Demy 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Calman (W. T.). THE LIFE OF CRUSTACEA. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Carlyle (Thomas). THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Edited by C. R. L. Fletcher.
+Three Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 18s.
+
+THE LETTERS AND SPEECHES OF OLIVER CROMWELL. With an Introduction by C.
+H. Firth, and Notes and Appendices by S. C. Lomas. Three Volumes.
+Demy 8vo. 18s. net.
+
+
+Celano (Brother Thomas of). THE LIVES OF S. FRANCIS OF ASSISI.
+Translated by A. G. Ferrers Howell. With a Frontispiece. Cr. 8vo. 5s.
+net.
+
+
+Chambers (Mrs. Lambert). LAWN TENNIS FOR LADIES. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo.
+2s. 6d. net.
+
+
+*Chesser, (Elizabeth Sloan). PERFECT HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Cr.
+8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Chesterfield (Lord). THE LETTERS OF THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD TO HIS SON.
+Edited, with an Introduction by C. Strachey, and Notes by A. Calthrop.
+Two Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 12s.
+
+
+Chesterton (G. K.). CHARLES DICKENS. With two Portraits in Photogravure.
+Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. Sixth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+TREMENDOUS TRIFLES. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ALARMS AND DISCURSIONS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+THE BALLAD OF THE WHITE HORSE. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+*TYPES OF MEN. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+
+Clausen (George). SIX LECTURES ON PAINTING. Illustrated. Third
+Edition. Large Post 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+AIMS AND IDEALS IN ART. Eight Lectures delivered to the Students of the
+Royal Academy of Arts. Illustrated. Second Edition. Large Post 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+
+Clutton-Brock (A.). SHELLEY: THE MAN AND THE POET. Illustrated. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Cobb (W. F.). THE BOOK OF PSALMS. With an Introduction and Notes. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
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+"Little Books on Art." See page 16.
+
+"The Little Galleries." See page 17.
+
+
+Some Books on Italy.
+
+A History of Milan under the Sforza. Cecilia M. Ady. Illustrated. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+A History of Verona. A. M. Allen. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.
+net.
+
+A History of Perugia. William Heywood. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 12s.
+6d. net.
+
+The Lakes of Northern Italy. Richard Bagot. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+Woman in Italy. W. Boulting. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+Old Etruria and Modern Tuscany. Mary L. Cameron. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s. net.
+
+Florence and the Cities of Northern Tuscany, with Genoa. Edward Hutton.
+Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+Siena and Southern Tuscany. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+In Unknown Tuscany. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+Venice and Venetia. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+Venice on Foot. H. A. Douglas. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+Venice and Her Treasures. H. A. Douglas. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+net.
+
+*The Doges of Venice. Mrs. Aubrey Richardson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+Florence: Her History and Art to the Fall of the Republic. F. A. Hyett.
+Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+Florence and Her Treasures. H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+Country Walks about Florence. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+Naples: Past and Present. A. H. Norway. Illustrated. Third Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+The Naples Riviera. H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+Sicily: The New Winter Resort. Douglas Sladen. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+Sicily. F. H. Jackson. Illustrated. Small Pott 8vo. Cloth, 2s. 6d.
+net; leather, 3s. 6d. net.
+
+Rome. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A Roman Pilgrimage. R. E. Roberts. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+net.
+
+Rome. C. G. Ellaby. Illustrated. Small Pott 8vo. Cloth, 2s. 6d. net;
+leather, 3s. 6d. net.
+
+The Cities of Umbria. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Fourth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+*The Cities of Lombardy. Edward Hutton. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+The Lives of S. Francis of Assisi. Brother Thomas of Celano. Cr. 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+Lorenzo the Magnificent. E. L. S. Horsburgh. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+Girolamo Savonarola. E. L. S. Horsburgh. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 5s.
+net.
+
+St. Catherine of Siena and Her Times. By the Author of "Mdlle Mori."
+Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+Dante and his Italy. Lonsdale Ragg. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.
+net.
+
+Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works. Paget Toynbee. Illustrated. Cr.
+8vo. 5s. net.
+
+The Medici Popes. H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+Shelley and His Friends in Italy. Helen R. Angeli. Illustrated. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+Home Life in Italy. Lina Duff Gordon. Illustrated. Second Edition.
+Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+Skies Italian: A Little Breviary for Travellers in Italy. Ruth S.
+Phelps. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+*A Wanderer in Florence. E. V. Lucas. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*United Italy. F. M. Underwood. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+
+
+Part III.--A Selection of Works of Fiction
+
+
+Albanesi (E. Maria). SUSANNAH AND ONE OTHER. Fourth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+LOVE AND LOUISA. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE BROWN EYES OF MARY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+I KNOW A MAIDEN. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE INVINCIBLE AMELIA: or, The Polite Adventuress. Third Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+THE GLAD HEART. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*OLIVIA MARY. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bagot (Richard). A ROMAN MYSTERY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE PASSPORT. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ANTHONY CUTHBERT. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+LOVE'S PROXY. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DONNA DIANA. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+CASTING OF NETS. Twelfth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE HOUSE OF SERRAVALLE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bailey (H. C.). STORM AND TREASURE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE LONELY QUEEN. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.). IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+MARGERY OF QUETHER. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE QUEEN OF LOVE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+JACQUETTA. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+KITTY ALONE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+NOÉMI. Illustrated. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE BROOM-SQUIRE. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DARTMOOR IDYLLS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+GUAVAS THE TINNER. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BLADYS OF THE STEWPONEY. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+PABO THE PRIEST. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+WINEFRED. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ROYAL GEORGIE. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+CHRIS OF ALL SORTS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+IN DEWISLAND. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+MRS. CURGENVEN OF CURGENVEN. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Barr (Robert). IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE COUNTESS TEKLA. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE MUTABLE MANY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Begbie (Harold). THE CURIOUS AND DIVERTING ADVENTURES OF SIR JOHN
+SPARROW, Bart.; or, The Progress of an Open Mind. Second Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Belloc (H.). EMMANUEL BURDEN, MERCHANT. Illustrated. Second Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A CHANGE IN THE CABINET. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Belloc-Lowndes (Mrs.). THE CHINK IN THE ARMOUR. Fourth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+*MARY PECHELL. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bennett (Arnold). CLAYHANGER. Tenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE CARD. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+HILDA LESSWAYS. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*BURIED ALIVE. A New Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A MAN FROM THE NORTH. A New Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE MATADOR OF THE FIVE TOWNS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Benson (E. F.). DODO: A Detail of the Day. Sixteenth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Birmingham (George A.). SPANISH GOLD. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE SEARCH PARTY. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+LALAGE'S LOVERS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bowen (Marjorie). I WILL MAINTAIN. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*A KNIGHT OF SPAIN. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE QUEST OF GLORY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+GOD AND THE KING. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Clifford (Mrs. W. K.). THE GETTING WELL OF DOROTHY. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+Conrad (Joseph). THE SECRET AGENT: A Simple Tale. Fourth Ed. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+A SET OF SIX. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+UNDER WESTERN EYES. Second Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+*Conyers (Dorothea.). THE LONELY MAN. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Corelli (Marie). A ROMANCE OF TWO WORLDS. Thirty-first Ed. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+VENDETTA; or, The Story of one Forgotten. Twenty-ninth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+THELMA: A Norwegian Princess. Forty-second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ARDATH: The Story of a Dead Self. Twentieth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE SOUL OF LILITH. Seventeenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+WORMWOOD: A Drama of Paris. Eighteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BARABBAS: A Dream of the World's Tragedy. Forty-sixth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+THE SORROWS OF SATAN. Fifty-seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE MASTER-CHRISTIAN. Thirteenth Edition. 179th Thousand. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+TEMPORAL POWER: A Study in Supremacy. Second Edition. 150th
+Thousand. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+GOD'S GOOD MAN: A Simple Love Story. Fifteenth Edition. 154th
+Thousand. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+HOLY ORDERS: the Tragedy of a Quiet Life. Second Edition. 120th
+Thousand. Crown 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE MIGHTY ATOM. Twenty-ninth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BOY: a Sketch. Twelfth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+CAMEOS. Fourteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE LIFE EVERLASTING. Fifth Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Crockett (S. R.). LOCHINVAR. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+THE STANDARD BEARER. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Croker (B. M.). THE OLD CANTONMENT. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+JOHANNA. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE HAPPY VALLEY. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A NINE DAYS' WONDER. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+PEGGY OF THE BARTONS. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ANGEL. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+KATHERINE THE ARROGANT. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BABES IN THE WOOD. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Danby (Frank.). JOSEPH IN JEOPARDY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Doyle (Sir A. Conan). ROUND THE RED LAMP. Twelfth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+
+Fenn (G. Manville). SYD BELTON: The Boy who would not go to Sea.
+Illustrated. Second Ed. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+Findlater (J. H.). THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE. Fifth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+THE LADDER TO THE STARS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Findlater (Mary). A NARROW WAY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+OVER THE HILLS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE ROSE OF JOY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BLIND BIRD'S NEST. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Fry (B. and C. B.). A MOTHER'S SON. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Harraden (Beatrice). IN VARYING MOODS. Fourteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+HILDA STRAFFORD and THE REMITTANCE MAN. Twelfth Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+INTERPLAY. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Hichens (Robert). THE PROPHET OF BERKELEY SQUARE. Second Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+TONGUES OF CONSCIENCE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE WOMAN WITH THE FAN. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BYEWAYS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE GARDEN OF ALLAH. Twenty-first Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE BLACK SPANIEL. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE CALL OF THE BLOOD. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BARBARY SHEEP. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+THE DWELLER ON THE THRESHOLD. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Hope (Anthony). THE GOD IN THE CAR. Eleventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A CHANGE OF AIR. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A MAN OF MARK. Seventh Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+PHROSO. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+SIMON DALE. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE KING'S MIRROR. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+QUISANTÉ. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE DOLLY DIALOGUES. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+TALES OF TWO PEOPLE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE GREAT MISS DRIVER. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+MRS. MAXON PROTESTS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Hutten (Baroness von). THE HALO. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+'Inner Shrine' (Author of the). THE WILD OLIVE. Third Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Jacobs (W. W.). MANY CARGOES. Thirty-second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s.
+6d. *Also Illustrated in colour. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+SEA URCHINS. Sixteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+A MASTER OF CRAFT. Illustrated. Ninth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+LIGHT FREIGHTS. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+THE SKIPPER'S WOOING. Eleventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+AT SUNWICH PORT. Illustrated. Tenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+DIALSTONE LANE. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+ODD CRAFT. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+THE LADY OF THE BARGE. Illustrated. Ninth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s.
+6d.
+
+SALTHAVEN. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+SAILORS' KNOTS. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+SHORT CRUISES. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+James (Henry). THE GOLDEN BOWL. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Le Queux (William). THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER. Third Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+THE CLOSED BOOK. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BEHIND THE THRONE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+London (Jack). WHITE FANG. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Lucas (E. V.). LISTENER'S LURE: An Oblique Narration. Eighth Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+OVER BEMERTON'S: An Easy-going Chronicle. Ninth Edition. Fcap. 8vo.
+5s.
+
+MR. INGLESIDE. Eighth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+LONDON LAVENDER. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Lyall (Edna). DERRICK VAUGHAN, NOVELIST. 44th Thousand. Cr. 8vo.
+3s. 6d.
+
+
+Macnaughtan (S.). THE FORTUNE OF CHRISTINA M'NAB. Fifth Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+PETER AND JANE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+Malet (Lucas). A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+THE WAGES OF SIN. Sixteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE CARISSIMA. Fifth Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE GATELESS BARRIER. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Maxwell (W. B.). THE RAGGED MESSENGER. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE GUARDED FLAME. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ODD LENGTHS. Second Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+HILL RISE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE COUNTESS OF MAYBURY: Between You and I. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+THE REST CURE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Milne (A. A.). THE DAY'S PLAY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*THE HOLIDAY ROUND. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Montague (C. E.). A HIND LET LOOSE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Morrison (Arthur). TALES OF MEAN STREETS. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+A CHILD OF THE JAGO. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE HOLE IN THE WALL. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DIVERS VANITIES. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Ollivant (Alfred). OWD BOB, THE GREY DOG OF KENMUIR. With a
+Frontispiece. Eleventh Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE TAMING OF JOHN BLUNT. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*THE ROYAL ROAD. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Onions (Oliver). GOOD BOY SELDOM: A Romance of Advertisement. Second
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Oppenheim (E. Phillips). MASTER OF MEN. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+THE MISSING DELORA. Illustrated. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Orczy (Baroness). FIRE IN STUBBLE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+
+
+Oxenham (John). A WEAVER OF WEBS. Illustrated. Fifth Ed. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+PROFIT AND LOSS. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE LONG ROAD. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE SONG OF HYACINTH, and Other Stories. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+MY LADY OF SHADOWS. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+LAURISTONS. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE COIL OF CARNE. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Parker (Gilbert). PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+MRS. FALCHION. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE TRANSLATION OF A SAVAGE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD. Illustrated. Tenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC: The Story of a Lost Napoleon. Seventh
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+AN ADVENTURER OF THE NORTH. The Last Adventures of 'Pretty Pierre.'
+Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE BATTLE OF THE STRONG: a Romance of Two Kingdoms. Illustrated.
+Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+NORTHERN LIGHTS. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Pasture (Mrs. Henry de la). THE TYRANT. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+
+Pemberton (Max). THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE. Illustrated. Fourth
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+I CROWN THEE KING. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+LOVE THE HARVESTER: A Story of the Shires. Illustrated. Third Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+THE MYSTERY OF THE GREEN HEART. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Perrin (Alice). THE CHARM. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*THE ANGLO-INDIANS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Phillpotts (Eden). LYING PROPHETS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+CHILDREN OF THE MIST. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE HUMAN BOY. With a Frontispiece. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+SONS OF THE MORNING. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE RIVER. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE AMERICAN PRISONER. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+KNOCK AT A VENTURE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE PORTREEVE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE POACHER'S WIFE. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE STRIKING HOURS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DEMETER'S DAUGHTER. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Pickthall (Marmaduke). SA�D THE FISHERMAN. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+
+'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch). THE WHITE WOLF. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+THE MAYOR OF TROY. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+MERRY-GARDEN and other Stories. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+MAJOR VIGOUREUX. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Ridge (W. Pett). ERB. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A SON OF THE STATE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+A BREAKER OF LAWS. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+MRS. GALER'S BUSINESS. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE WICKHAMSES. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+NAME OF GARLAND. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+SPLENDID BROTHER. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+NINE TO SIX-THIRTY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THANKS TO SANDERSON. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*DEVOTED SPARKES. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Russell (W. Clark). MASTER ROCKAFELLAR'S VOYAGE. Illustrated. Fourth
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred). THE KINSMAN. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr.
+8vo. 6s.
+
+THE LANTERN-BEARERS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ANTHEA'S GUEST. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+*LAMORNA. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Somerville (E. Å’.) and Ross (Martin). DAN RUSSEL THE FOX.
+Illustrated. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Thurston (E. Temple). MIRAGE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
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+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Whitby (Beatrice). ROSAMUND. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Williamson (C. N. and A. M.). THE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR: The Strange
+Adventures of a Motor Car. Illustrated. Seventeenth Edition. Cr.
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+
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+*THE INVINCIBLE AMELIA.
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+
+Anstey (F.). A BAYARD OF BENGAL.
+
+
+Austen (J.). PRIDE AND PREJUDICE.
+
+
+Bagot (Richard). A ROMAN MYSTERY.
+
+CASTING OF NETS.
+
+DONNA DIANA.
+
+
+Balfour (Andrew). BY STROKE OF SWORD.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.). FURZE BLOOM.
+
+CHEAP JACK ZITA.
+
+KITTY ALONE.
+
+URITH.
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+THE BROOM SQUIRE.
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+IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA.
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+NOÉMI.
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+A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES. Illustrated.
+
+LITTLE TU'PENNY.
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+WINEFRED.
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+THE FROBISHERS.
+
+THE QUEEN OF LOVE.
+
+ARMINELL.
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+BLADYS OF THE STEWPONEY.
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+CHRIS OF ALL SORTS.
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+
+Barr (Robert). JENNIE BAXTER.
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+IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS.
+
+THE COUNTESS TEKLA.
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+THE MUTABLE MANY.
+
+
+Benson (E. F.). DODO.
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+THE VINTAGE.
+
+
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+
+
+Brownell (C. L.). THE HEART OF JAPAN.
+
+
+Burton (J. Bloundelle). ACROSS THE SALT SEAS.
+
+
+Caffyn (Mrs.). ANNE MAULEVERER.
+
+
+Capes (Bernard). THE GREAT SKENE MYSTERY.
+
+
+Clifford (Mrs. W. K.). A FLASH OF SUMMER.
+
+MRS. KEITH'S CRIME.
+
+
+Corbett (Julian). A BUSINESS IN GREAT WATERS.
+
+
+Croker (Mrs. B. M.). ANGEL.
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+A STATE SECRET.
+
+PEGGY OF THE BARTONS.
+
+JOHANNA.
+
+
+Dante (Alighieri). THE DIVINE COMEDY (Cary).
+
+
+Doyle (Sir A. Conan). ROUND THE RED LAMP.
+
+
+Duncan (Sara Jeannette).THOSE DELIGHTFUL AMERICANS.
+
+
+Eliot (George). THE MILL ON THE FLOSS.
+
+
+Findlater (Jane H.). THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE.
+
+
+Gallon (Tom). RICKERBY'S FOLLY.
+
+
+Gaskell (Mrs.). CRANFORD.
+
+MARY BARTON.
+
+NORTH AND SOUTH.
+
+
+Gerard (Dorothea). HOLY MATRIMONY.
+
+THE CONQUEST OF LONDON.
+
+MADE OF MONEY.
+
+
+Gissing (G.). THE TOWN TRAVELLER.
+
+THE CROWN OF LIFE.
+
+
+Glanville (Ernest). THE INCA'S TREASURE.
+
+THE KLOOF BRIDE.
+
+
+Gleig (Charles). BUNTER'S CRUISE.
+
+
+Grimm (The Brothers). GRIMM'S FAIRY TALES.
+
+
+Hope (Anthony). A MAN OF MARK.
+
+A CHANGE OF AIR.
+
+THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO.
+
+PHROSO.
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+THE DOLLY DIALOGUES.
+
+
+Hornung (E. W.). DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES.
+
+
+Hyne (C. J. C.). PRINCE RUPERT THE BUCCANEER.
+
+
+Ingraham (J. H.). THE THRONE OF DAVID.
+
+
+Le Queux (W.). THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER.
+
+THE CROOKED WAY.
+
+THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW.
+
+
+Levett-Yeats (S. K.). THE TRAITOR'S WAY.
+
+ORRAIN.
+
+
+Linton (E. Lynn). THE TRUE HISTORY OF JOSHUA DAVIDSON.
+
+
+Lyall (Edna). DERRICK VAUGHAN.
+
+
+Malet (Lucas). THE CARISSIMA.
+
+A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION.
+
+
+Mann (Mrs. M. E.). MRS. PETER HOWARD.
+
+A LOST ESTATE.
+
+THE CEDAR STAR.
+
+THE PATTEN EXPERIMENT.
+
+A WINTER'S TALE.
+
+
+Marchmont (A. W.). MISER HOADLEY'S SECRET.
+
+A MOMENT'S ERROR.
+
+
+Marryat (Captain). PETER SIMPLE.
+
+JACOB FAITHFUL.
+
+
+March (Richard). A METAMORPHOSIS.
+
+THE TWICKENHAM PEERAGE.
+
+THE GODDESS.
+
+THE JOSS.
+
+
+Mason (A. E. W.). CLEMENTINA.
+
+
+Mathers (Helen). HONEY.
+
+GRIFF OF GRIFFITHSCOURT.
+
+SAM'S SWEETHEART.
+
+THE FERRYMAN.
+
+
+Meade (Mrs. L. T.). DRIFT.
+
+
+Miller (Esther). LIVING LIES.
+
+
+Mitford (Bertram). THE SIGN OF THE SPIDER.
+
+
+Montrésor (F. F.). THE ALIEN.
+
+
+Morrison (Arthur). THE HOLE IN THE WALL.
+
+
+Nesbit (E.). THE RED HOUSE.
+
+
+Norris (W. E.). HIS GRACE.
+
+GILES INGILBY.
+
+THE CREDIT OF THE COUNTY.
+
+LORD LEONARD THE LUCKLESS.
+
+MATTHEW AUSTEN.
+
+CLARISSA FURIOSA.
+
+
+Oliphant (Mrs.). THE LADY'S WALK.
+
+SIR ROBERT'S FORTUNE.
+
+THE PRODIGALS
+
+THE TWO MARYS.
+
+
+Oppenheim (E. P.). MASTER OF MEN.
+
+
+Parker (Sir Gilbert). THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES.
+
+WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC.
+
+THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD.
+
+
+Pemberton (Max). THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE.
+
+I CROWN THEE KING.
+
+
+Phillpotts (Eden). THE HUMAN BOY.
+
+CHILDREN OF THE MIST.
+
+THE POACHER'S WIFE.
+
+THE RIVER.
+
+
+'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch). THE WHITE WOLF.
+
+
+Ridge (W. Pett). A SON OF THE STATE.
+
+LOST PROPERTY.
+
+GEORGE and THE GENERAL.
+
+A BREAKER OF LAWS.
+
+ERB.
+
+
+Russell (W. Clark). ABANDONED.
+
+A MARRIAGE AT SEA.
+
+MY DANISH SWEETHEART.
+
+HIS ISLAND PRINCESS.
+
+
+Sergeant (Adeline). THE MASTER OF BEECHWOOD.
+
+BALBARA'S MONEY.
+
+THE YELLOW DIAMOND.
+
+THE LOVE THAT OVERCAME.
+
+
+Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred). THE KINSMAN.
+
+
+Surtees (R. S.). HANDLEY CROSS.
+
+MR. SPONGE'S SPORTING TOUR.
+
+ASK MAMMA.
+
+
+Walford (Mrs. L. B.). MR. SMITH.
+
+COUSINS.
+
+THE BABY'S GRANDMOTHER.
+
+TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS.
+
+
+Wallace (General Lew). BEN-HUR.
+
+THE FAIR GOD.
+
+
+Watson (H. B. Marriott). THE ADVENTURERS.
+
+CAPTAIN FORTUNE.
+
+
+Weekes (A. B.). PRISONERS OF WAR.
+
+
+Wells (H. G.). THE SEA LADY.
+
+
+Whitby (Beatrice). THE RESULT OF AN ACCIDENT.
+
+
+White (Percy). A PASSIONATE PILGRIM.
+
+
+Williamson (Mrs. C. N.). PAPA.
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED,
+LONDON AND WOKING.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
+
+
+The word "earth-bound" appears with and without an hyphen. The word has
+been spelled as in the original.
+
+Variations in spelling appear as in the original. Examples include the
+following:
+
+     lechugilla/lechuguillas
+     RUBA'IYAT/Rubáiyát
+     werewolfes/werwolfs/werwolves/WEREWOLVES
+
+Ellipses appear as in the original.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Werwolves
+
+Author: Elliott O'Donnell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2008 [EBook #26629]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lisa Reigel and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                          BY THE SAME AUTHOR
+
+               SOME HAUNTED HOUSES OF ENGLAND AND WALES
+
+                     THE HAUNTED HOUSES OF LONDON
+
+                         SCOTTISH GHOST TALES
+
+                         BYEWAYS OF GHOSTLAND
+
+                          GHOSTLY PHENOMENA
+
+                 THE REMINISCENCES OF MRS. E. M. WARD
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                          ELLIOTT O'DONNELL
+
+
+                          METHUEN & CO. LTD.
+                         36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
+                                LONDON
+
+
+                      _First Published in 1912_
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+  CHAP.                                                        PAGE
+     I. WHAT IS A WERWOLF?                                        1
+
+    II. WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF
+          LYCANTHROPY                                            20
+
+   III. THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES                                 44
+
+    IV. HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF                                  55
+
+     V. WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM                                   71
+
+    VI. THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES                         92
+
+   VII. THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE                                   110
+
+  VIII. WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS                       126
+
+    IX. WERWOLVES IN GERMANY                                    143
+
+     X. A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE
+          CASE OF THE COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER                 161
+
+    XI. WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA   174
+
+   XII. THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN                                    194
+
+  XIII. THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS              212
+
+   XIV. THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK                      225
+
+    XV. WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN                          236
+
+   XVI. WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND              256
+
+  XVII. THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA                       270
+
+
+
+
+WERWOLVES
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+WHAT IS A WERWOLF?
+
+
+What is a werwolf? To this there is no one very satisfactory reply.
+There are, indeed, so many diverse views held with regard to the nature
+and classification of werwolves, their existence is so keenly disputed,
+and the subject is capable of being regarded from so many standpoints,
+that any attempt at definition in a restricted sense would be well-nigh
+impossible.
+
+The word werwolf (or werewolf) is derived from the Anglo-Saxon _wer_,
+man, and _wulf_, wolf, and has its equivalents in the German _Währwolf_
+and French _loup-garou_, whilst it is also to be found in the languages,
+respectively, of Scandinavia, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkan
+Peninsula, and of certain of the countries of Asia and Africa; from
+which it may be concluded that its range is pretty well universal.
+
+Indeed, there is scarcely a country in the world in which belief in a
+werwolf, or in some other form of lycanthropy, has not once existed,
+though it may have ceased to exist now. But whereas in some countries
+the werwolf is considered wholly physical, in others it is looked upon
+as partly, if not entirely, superphysical. And whilst in some countries
+it is restricted to the male sex, in others it is confined to the
+female; and, again, in others it is to be met with in both sexes.
+
+Hence, when asked to describe a werwolf, or what is generally
+believed to be a werwolf, one can only say that a werwolf is an
+anomaly--sometimes man, sometimes woman (or in the guise of man or
+woman); sometimes adult, sometimes child (or in the guise of
+such)--that, under certain conditions, possesses the property of
+metamorphosing into a wolf, the change being either temporary or
+permanent.
+
+This, perhaps, expresses most of what is general concerning werwolves.
+For more particular features, upon which I will touch later, one must
+look to locality and time.
+
+Those who are sceptical with regard to the existence of the werwolf, and
+refuse to accept, as proof of such existence, the accumulated testimony
+of centuries, attribute the origin of the belief in the phenomenon
+merely to an insane delusion, which, by reason of its novelty, gained a
+footing and attracted followers.
+
+Humanity, they say, has ever been the same; and any fresh idea--no
+matter how bizarre or monstrous, so long as it is monstrous enough--has
+always met with support and won credence.
+
+In favour of this argument it is pointed out that in many of the cases
+of persons accused of werwolfery, tried in France, and elsewhere, in the
+middle of the sixteenth century, when belief in this species of
+lycanthropy was at its zenith, there was an extraordinary readiness
+among the accused to confess, and even to give circumstantial evidence
+of their own metamorphosis; and that this particular form of
+self-accusation at length became so popular among the leading people in
+the land, that the judicial court, having its suspicions awakened, and,
+doubtless, fearful of sentencing so many important personages, acquitted
+the majority of the accused, announcing them to be the victims of
+delusion and hysteria.
+
+Now, if it were admitted, argue these sceptics, that the bulk of
+so-called werwolves were impostors, is it not reasonable to suppose that
+all so-called werwolves were either voluntary or involuntary
+impostors?--the latter, _i.e._, those who were not self-accused, being
+falsely accused by persons whose motive for so doing was revenge. For
+parallel cases one has only to refer to the trials for sorcery and
+witchcraft in England. And with regard to false accusations of
+lycanthropy--accusations founded entirely on hatred of the accused
+person--how easy it was to trump up testimony and get the accused
+convicted. The witnesses were rarely, if ever, subjected to a searching
+examination; the court was always biased, and a confession of guilt,
+when not voluntary--as in the case of the prominent citizen, when it was
+invariably pronounced due to hysteria or delusion--could always be
+obtained by means of torture, though a confession thus obtained,
+needless to say, is completely nullified. Moreover, we have no record of
+metamorphosis taking place in court, or before witnesses chosen for
+their impartiality. On the contrary, the alleged transmutations always
+occurred in obscure places, and in the presence of people who, one has
+reason to believe, were both hysterical and imaginative, and therefore
+predisposed to see wonders. So says this order of sceptic, and, to my
+mind, he says a great deal more than his facts justify; for although
+contemporary writers generally are agreed that a large percentage of
+those people who voluntarily confessed they were werwolves were mere
+dissemblers, there is no recorded conclusive testimony to show that all
+such self-accused persons were shams and delusionaries. Besides, even
+if such testimony were forthcoming, it would in nowise preclude the
+existence of the werwolf.
+
+Nor does the fact that all the accused persons submitted to the rack, or
+other modes of torture, confessed themselves werwolves prove that all
+such confessions were false.
+
+Granted also that some of the charges of lycanthropy were groundless,
+being based on malice--which, by the by, is no argument for the
+non-existence of lycanthropy, since it is acknowledged that accusations
+of all sorts, having been based on malice, have been equally
+groundless--there is nothing in the nature of written evidence that
+would justify one in assuming that all such charges were traceable to
+the same cause, _i.e._, a malicious agency. Neither can one dismiss the
+testimony of those who swore they were actual eye-witnesses of
+metamorphoses, on the mere assumption that all such witnesses were
+liable to hallucination or hysteria, or were hyper-imaginative.
+
+Testimony to an event having taken place must be regarded as positive
+evidence of such an occurrence, until it can be satisfactorily proved to
+be otherwise--and this is where the case of the sceptic breaks down; he
+can only offer assumption, not proof.
+
+Another view, advanced by those who discredit werwolves, is that belief
+in the existence of such an anomaly originates in the impression made
+on man in early times by the great elemental powers of nature. It was,
+they say, man's contemplation of the changes of these great elemental
+powers of nature, _i.e._, the changes of the sun and moon, wind, thunder
+and lightning, of the day and night, sunshine and rain, of the seasons,
+and of life and death, and his deductions therefrom, that led to his
+belief in and worship of gods that could assume varying shapes, such,
+for example, as India (who occasionally took the form of a bull),
+Derketo (who sometimes metamorphosed into a fish), Poseidon, Jupiter
+Ammon, Milosh Kobilitch, Minerva, and countless others--and that it is
+to this particular belief and worship, which is to be found in the
+mythology of every race, that all religions, as well as belief in
+fairies, demons, werwolves, and phantasms, may be traced.
+
+Well, this might be so, if there were not, in my opinion, sufficient
+accumulative corroborative evidence to show that not only were there
+such anomalies as werwolves formerly, but that, in certain restricted
+areas, they are even yet to be encountered.
+
+Taking, then, the actual existence of werwolves to be an established
+fact, it is, of course, just as impossible to state their origin as it
+is to state the origin of any other extraordinary form of creation.
+Every religious creed, every Occult sect, advances its own respective
+views--and has a perfect right to do so, as long as it advances them as
+views and not dogmatisms.
+
+I, for my part, bearing in mind that everything appertaining to the
+creation of man and the universe is a profound mystery, cannot see the
+object on the part of religionists and scientists in being arbitrary
+with regard to a subject which any child of ten will apprehend to be one
+whereon it is futile to do other than theorize. My own theory, or rather
+one of my own theories, is that the property of transmutation, _i.e._,
+the power of assuming any animal guise, was one of the many
+properties--including second sight, the property of becoming invisible
+at will, of divining the presence of water, metals, the advent of death,
+and of projecting the etherical body--which were bestowed on man at the
+time of his creation; and that although mankind in general is no longer
+possessed of them, a few of these properties are still, in a lesser
+degree, to be found among those of us who are termed psychic.
+
+The history of the Jews is full of references to certain of these
+properties. The greatest of all the Superphysical Forces--the creating
+Force (the Hebrew Jah, Jehovah)--so says the Bible, constantly held
+direct communication with His elect--with Adam, Noah, Abraham, and
+Moses, while His emissaries, the angels, or what modern Occultists would
+term Benevolent Elementals, conversed with Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, and
+hosts of others. In this same history, too, there is no lack of
+reference to sorcery; and whilst Black Magic is illustrated in the
+tricks wrought by the magicians before Pharaoh, and the infliction of
+all manner of plagues upon the Egyptians, one is rather inclined to
+attribute to White Magic Daniel's safety among the lions; Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abed-nego's preservation from the flames; Elijah's
+miraculous spinning out of the barrel of meal and cruse of oil, in the
+days of famine, and his raising of the widow's son. Also, to the account
+of White Magic--and should anyone dispute this point let me remind him
+that it is merely a difference in the point of view--I would add
+Elisha's calling up of the bears that made such short work of the
+naughty children who tormented him. There are, too, many examples of
+divination recorded in the Bible. In Genesis, chapter xxx., verses
+27-43, a description is given of a divining rod and its influence over
+sheep and other animals; in Exodus, chapter xvii., verse 15, Moses with
+the aid of a rod discovers water in the rock at Rephidim, and for
+similar instances one has only to refer to Exodus, chapter xiv., verse
+16, and chapter xvii., verses 9-11. The calling up of the phantasm of
+Samuel at Endor more than suggests a biblical precedent for the modern
+practice of spiritualism; and it was, undoubtedly, the abuse of such
+power as that possessed by the witch of Endor, and the prevalence of
+sorcery, such as she practised, that finally led to the decree delivered
+by Moses to the Children of Israel, that on no account were they to
+suffer a witch to live. Reference to yet another property of the
+occult--namely, Etherical Projection--which is clearly exemplified in
+the Scriptures, may be found in Numbers, chapter xii., verse 6; in Job,
+chapter xxxiii., verse 15; in the First Book of Kings, chapter iii.,
+verse 5; in Genesis, chapter xx., verses 3 and 6, and chapter xxxi.,
+verse 24; in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Nahum, and Zechariah; and more
+particularly in the Acts of the Apostles, and in the Revelation of St.
+John. Lastly, in this history of the Jews, which is surely neither more
+nor less authenticated than any other well established history,
+testimony as to the existence of one species of Elemental of much the
+same order as the werwolf is recorded by Isaiah. In chapter xiii., verse
+21, we read: "And their houses shall be full of doleful creatures, and
+owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there." Satyrs! we
+repeat; are not satyrs every whit as grotesque and outrageous as
+werwolves? Why, then, should those who, regarding the Scriptures as
+infallible, confess to a belief in the satyr, reject the possibility of
+a werwolf? And for those who are more logically sceptical--who question
+the veracity of the Bible and are dubious as to its authenticity--there
+are the chronicles of Herodotus, Petronius Arbiter, Baronius, Dôle,
+Olaus Magnus, Marie de France, Thomas Aquinas, Richard Verstegan, and
+many other recognized historians and classics, covering a large area in
+the history of man, all of whom specially testify to the existence--in
+their own respective periods--of werwolves.
+
+And if any further evidence of this once near relationship with the
+Other World is required, one has only to turn to Aristotle, who wrote so
+voluminously on psychic dreams (most of which I am inclined to think
+were due to projection); to the teachings of Pythagoras and his
+followers, Empedocles and Apollonius; to Cicero and Tacitus; to Virgil,
+who frequently talks of ghosts and seers of Tyana; to Plato, the
+exponent of magic; and to Plutarch, whose works swarm with allusions to
+Occultism of all kinds--phantasms of the dead, satyrs, and numerous
+other species of Elementals.
+
+I say, then, that in ages past, before any of the artificialities
+appertaining to our present mode of living were introduced; when the
+world was but thinly populated and there were vast regions of wild
+wastes and silent forests, the Known and Unknown walked hand in hand. It
+was seclusion of this kind, the seclusion of nature, that spirits loved,
+and it was in this seclusion they were always to be found whenever man
+wanted to hold communication with them. To such silent spots--to the
+woods and wildernesses--Buddha, Mohammed, the Hebrew Patriarchs and
+Prophets, all, in their turn, resorted, to solicit the companionship of
+benevolently disposed spirits, to be tutored by them, and, in all
+probability, to receive from them additional powers. To these wastes and
+forests, too, went all those who wished to do ill. There they communed
+with the spirits of darkness, _i.e._, demons, or what are also termed
+Vice Elementals; and from the latter they acquired--possibly in exchange
+for some of their own vitality, for spirits of this order are said to
+have envied man his material body--tuition in sorcery, and such
+properties as second sight, invisibility, and lycanthropy.
+
+This property of lycanthropy, or metamorphosing into a beast, probably
+dates back to man's creation. It was, I am inclined to believe,
+conferred on man at his creation by Malevolent Forces that were
+antagonistic to man's progress; and that these Malevolent Forces had a
+large share in the creation of this universe is, to my mind, extremely
+probable. But, however that may be, I cannot believe that the creation
+of man and the universe were due entirely to one Creator--there are
+assuredly too many inconsistencies in all we see around us to justify
+belief in only one Creative Force. The Creator who inspired man with
+love--love for his fellow beings and love of the beautiful--could not be
+the same Creator who framed that irredeemably cruel principle observable
+throughout nature, _i.e._, the survival of the fittest; the preying of
+the stronger on the weaker--of the tiger on the feebler beasts of the
+jungle; the eagle on the smaller birds of the air; the wolf on the
+sheep; the shark on the poor, defenceless fish, and so on; neither could
+He be the Creator that deals in diseases--foul and filthy diseases,
+common, not only to all divisions of the human species, but to
+quadrupeds, birds, fish, and even flora; that brings into existence
+cripples and idiots, the blind, the deaf and dumb; and watches with
+passive inertness the most acute sufferings, not only of adults, but of
+sinless children and all manner of helpless animals. No! It is
+impossible to conceive that such incompatibilities can be the work of
+one Creator. But, supposing, for the sake of argument, we may admit the
+possibility of only one Creator, we cannot concede that this Creator is
+at the same time both omnipotent and merciful. My own belief, which is
+merely based on common sense and observation, is that this earth was
+created by many Forces--that everything that makes for man's welfare is
+due to Benevolent Forces; and that everything that tends to his
+detriment is due to antagonistic Malevolent Forces; and that the
+Malevolent Forces exist for the very simple reason that the Benevolent
+Forces are not sufficiently powerful to destroy them.
+
+These Malevolent Forces, then--the originators of all evil--created
+werwolves; and the property of lycanthropy becoming in many cases
+hereditary, there were families that could look back upon countless
+generations possessed of it. But lycanthropy did not remain in the
+exclusive possession of a few families; the bestowal of it continued
+long after its original creation, and I doubt if this bestowal has, even
+now, become entirely a thing of the past. There are still a few
+regions--desolate and isolated regions in Europe (in Russia,
+Scandinavia, and even France), to say nothing of Asia, Africa and
+America, Australasia and Polynesia--which are unquestionably the haunts
+of Vagrarians, Barrowvians, and other kinds of undesirable Elementals,
+and it is quite possible that, through the agency of these spirits, the
+property of lycanthropy might be acquired by those who have learned in
+solitude how to commune with them.
+
+I have already referred to the werwolf as an anomaly, and for its
+designation I do not think I could have chosen a more suitable term.
+Though its movements and actions are physical--for what could be more
+material than the act of devouring flesh and blood?--the actual process
+of the metamorphosis savours of the superphysical; whilst to still
+further strengthen its relationship with the latter, its appearance is
+sometimes half man and half wolf, which is certainly more than
+suggestive of the semi-human and by no means uncommon type of Elemental.
+Its inconsistency, too, which is a striking characteristic of all
+psychic phenomena, is also suggestive of the superphysical; and
+there is certainly neither consistency as to the nature of the
+metamorphosis--which is sometimes brought about at will and sometimes
+entirely controlled by the hour of day, or by the seasons--nor as to the
+outward form of the werwolf, which is sometimes merely that of a wolf,
+and sometimes partly wolf and partly human; nor as to its shape at the
+moment of death, when in some cases there is metamorphosis, whilst in
+other cases there is no metamorphosis. Nor is this inconsistency only
+characteristic of the movements, actions, and shape of the werwolf. It
+is also characteristic of it psychologically. When the metamorphosis is
+involuntary, and is enforced by agencies over which the subject has no
+control, the werwolf, though filled with all the passions characteristic
+of a beast of prey, when a wolf, is not of necessity cruel and savage
+when a human being, that is to say, before the transmutations take
+place. There are many instances of such werwolves being, as people,
+affectionate and kindly disposed. On the other hand, in some cases of
+involuntary metamorphosis, and in the majority of cases of voluntary
+metamorphosis--that is to say, when the transmutation is compassed by
+means of magic--the werwolf, as a person, is evilly disposed, and as a
+wolf shows a distinct blending of the beast with the passions, subtle
+ingenuity, and reasoning powers of the human being. From this it is
+obvious, then, that the werwolf is a hybrid of the material and
+immaterial--of man and Elemental, known and Unknown. The latter term
+does not, of course, meet with acceptance at the hands of the
+Rationalists, who profess to believe that all phenomena can be explained
+by perfectly natural causes. They suggest that belief in the werwolf (as
+indeed in all other forms of lycanthropy) is traceable to the craving
+for blood which is innate in certain natures and is sometimes
+accompanied by hallucination, the subject genuinely believing himself to
+be a wolf (or whatever beast of prey is most common in the district),
+and, in imitation of that animal's habits, committing acts of
+devastation at night, selecting his victims principally from among women
+and children--those, in fact, who are too feeble to resist him.
+
+Often, however, say these Rationalists, there is no suggestion of
+hallucination, the question resolving itself into one of vulgar
+trickery. The anthropophagi, unable to suppress their appetite for human
+food, taking advantage of the general awe in which the wolf is held by
+their neighbours, dress themselves up in the skins of that beast, and
+prowling about lonely, isolated spots at night, pounce upon those people
+they can most easily overpower. Rumours (most probably started by the
+murderers themselves) speedily get in circulation that the mangled and
+half-eaten remains of the villagers are attributable to creatures, half
+human and half wolf, that have been seen gliding about certain places
+after dark. The simple country-folk, among whom superstitions are rife,
+are only too ready to give credence to such reports; the existence of
+the monsters becomes an established thing, whilst the localities that
+harbour them are regarded with horror, and looked upon as the happy
+hunting ground of every imaginable occult power of evil.
+
+Now, although such an explanation of werwolves might be applicable in
+certain districts of West Africa, where the native population is
+excessively bloodthirsty and ignorant, it could not for one moment be
+applied to werwolfery in Germany, France, or Scandinavia, where the
+peasantry are, generally speaking, kindly and intelligent people, whom
+one could certainly accuse neither of being sanguinary nor of possessing
+any natural taste for cannibalism.
+
+The rationalist view can therefore only be said to be feasible in
+certain limited spheres, outside of which it is grotesque and
+ridiculous.
+
+Now a question that has occurred to me, and which, I fancy, may give
+rise to some interesting speculation, is, whether some of the werwolves
+stated to have been seen may not have been some peculiar type of
+phantasm. I make this suggestion because I have seen several sub-human
+and sub-animal occult phenomena in England, and have, too, met other
+people who have had similar experiences.
+
+With our limited knowledge of the Unknown it is, of course, impossible
+to be arbitrary as to the class of spirits to which such phenomena
+belong. They may be Vice Elementals, _i.e._, spirits that have never
+inhabited any material body, whether human or animal, and which are
+wholly inimical to man's progress--such spirits assume an infinite
+number of shapes, agreeable and otherwise; or they may be phantasms of
+dead human beings--vicious and carnal-minded people, idiots, and
+imbecile epileptics. It is an old belief that the souls of cataleptic
+and epileptic people, during the body's unconsciousness, adjourned
+temporarily to animals, and it is therefore only in keeping with such a
+view to suggest that on the deaths of such people their spirits take
+permanently the form of animals. This would account for the fact that
+places where cataleptics and idiots have died are often haunted by semi
+and by wholly animal types of phantasms.
+
+According to Paracelsus Man has in him two spirits--an animal spirit and
+a human spirit--and that in after life he appears in the shape of
+whichever of these two spirits he has allowed to dominate him. If, for
+example, he has obeyed the spirit that prompts him to be sober and
+temperate, then his phantasm resembles a man; but on the other hand, if
+he has given way to his carnal and bestial cravings, then his phantasm
+is earthbound, in the guise of some terrifying and repellent
+animal--maybe a wolf, bear, dog, or cat--all of which shapes are far
+from uncommon in psychic manifestations.
+
+This view has been held either _in toto_, or with certain reservations,
+by many other writers on the subject, and I, too, in a great measure
+endorse it--its pronouncement of a limit to man's phantasms being,
+perhaps, the only important point to which I cannot accede. My own view
+is that so complex a creature as man--complex both physically and
+psychologically--may have a representative spirit for each of his
+personalities. Hence on man's physical dissolution there may emanate
+from him a host of phantasms, each with a shape most fitting the
+personality it represents. And what more thoroughly representative of
+cruelty, savageness, and treachery than a wolf, or even something partly
+lupine! Therefore, as I have suggested elsewhere, in some instances, but
+emphatically not in all, what were thought to have been werwolves may
+only have been phantasms of the dead, or Elementals.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF LYCANTHROPY
+
+
+The wolf is not the only animal whose shape, it is stated, man may
+possess the power of assuming; and it may be of some interest to inquire
+briefly into the varying branches of lycanthropy, comparing them with
+the one already under discussion.
+
+In Orissa, the power of metamorphosing into a tiger is asserted by the
+Kandhs to be hereditary, and also to be acquired through the practice of
+magic; many who have travelled in this country have assured me that
+there is a very great amount of truth in this assertion; and that
+although there are, without doubt, a number of impostors among those
+designated wer-tigers, there are most certainly many who are genuine.
+
+As with the werwolf, so with the wer-tiger, the metamorphosis is usually
+dependent on the hour of the day, and generally occurs cotemporaneous
+with the setting of the sun.
+
+But the lycanthropy of the wer-tiger differs from that of the werwolf
+inasmuch as there is a definite god or spirit, in the shape of a tiger,
+that is directly responsible for the bestowal of the property. This
+tiger deity is looked upon and worshipped as a totem or national
+deity--that is to say, as a divine being that has the welfare of the
+Kandh nation especially at heart. It is communed with at home, but more
+particularly in the wild dreariness of the jungle, where, on the
+condition that the prayers of its devotees are sufficiently concentrated
+and in earnest, it confers--as an honour and privilege--the power of
+transmutation into its own shape. Some idea of its appearance may
+perhaps be gathered from the following description of it given me by a
+Mr. K----, whose name I see in the list of passengers reported "missing"
+in the deplorable disaster to the "Titanic."
+
+"Anxious to see," Mr. K---- stated, "if there was anything of truth in
+the alleged materialization of the tiger totem to those supplicating it,
+I went one evening to a spot in the jungle--some two or three miles from
+the village--where I had been informed the manifestations took place. As
+the jungle was universally held to be haunted I met no one; and in spite
+of my dread of the snakes, big cats, wild boars, scorpions, and other
+poisonous vermin with which the place was swarming, arrived without
+mishap at the place that had been so carefully described to me--a
+circular clearing of about twenty feet in diameter, surrounded on all
+sides by rank grass of a prodigious height, trolsee shrubs, kulpa and
+tamarind-trees. Quickly concealing myself, I waited the coming of the
+would-be tiger-man.
+
+"He was hardly more than a boy--slim and almost feminine--and came
+gallivanting along the narrow path through the brushwood, like some
+careless, high-spirited, brown-skinned hoyden.
+
+"The moment he reached the edge of the mystic circle, however, his
+behaviour changed; the light of laughter died from his eyes, his lips
+straightened, his limbs stiffened, and his whole demeanour became one of
+respect and humility.
+
+"Advancing with bare head and feet some three or so feet into the
+clearing, he knelt down, and, touching the ground three times in
+succession with his forehead, looked up at a giant kulpa-tree opposite
+him, chanting as he did so some weird and monotonous refrain, the
+meaning of which was unintelligible to me. Up to then it had been
+light--the sky, like all Indian skies at that season, one blaze of
+moonbeams and stars; but now it gradually grew dark. An unnatural,
+awe-inspiring shade seemed to swoop down from the far distant mountains
+and to hush into breathless silence everything it touched. Not a bird
+sang, not an insect ticked, not a leaf stirred. One might have said all
+nature slept, had it not been for an uncomfortable sensation that the
+silence was but the silence of intense expectation--merely the prelude
+to some unpleasant revelation that was to follow. At this juncture my
+feelings were certainly novel--entirely different from any I had
+hitherto experienced.
+
+"I had not believed in the supernatural, and had had absolutely no
+apprehensions of coming across anything of a ghostly character--all my
+fears had been of malicious natives and tigers; they now, however,
+changed, and I was confronted with a dread of what I could not
+understand and could not analyse--of something that suggested an
+appearance, alarming on account of its very vagueness.
+
+"The pulsations of my heart became irregular, I grew faint and sick, and
+painfully susceptible to a sensation of excessive coldness, which
+instinct told me was quite independent of any actual change in the
+atmosphere.
+
+"I made several attempts to remove my gaze from the kulpa-tree, which
+intuition told me would be the spot where the something, whatever it
+was, that was going to happen would manifest itself. My eyes, however,
+refused to obey, and I was obliged to keep them steadily fixed on this
+spot, which grew more and more gloomy. All of a sudden the silence was
+broken, and a cry, half human and half animal, but horribly ominous,
+sounding at first faint and distant, speedily grew louder and louder.
+Soon I heard footsteps, the footsteps of something running towards us
+and covering the ground with huge, light strides. Nearer and nearer it
+came, till, with a sudden spring, it burst into view--the giant reeds
+and trolsees were dashed aside, and I saw standing in front of the
+kulpa-tree a vertical column of crimson light of perhaps seven feet in
+height and one or so in width. A column--only a column, though the
+suggestion conveyed to me by the column was nasty--nasty with a
+nastiness that baffles description. I looked at the native, and the
+expression in his eyes and mouth assured me he saw more--a very great
+deal more. For some seconds he only gasped; then, by degrees, the
+rolling of his eyes and twitching of his lips ceased. He stretched out a
+hand and made some sign on the ground. Then he produced a string of
+beads, and after placing it over the scratchings he had made on the
+soil, jerked out some strange incantation in a voice that thickened and
+quivered with terror. I then saw a stream of red light steal from the
+base of the column and dart like forked lightning to the beads, which
+instantly shone a luminous red. The native now picked them up, and,
+putting them round his neck, clapped the palms of his hands vigorously
+together, uttering as he did so a succession of shrill cries, that
+gradually became more and more animal in tone, and finally ended in a
+roar that converted every particle of blood in my veins into ice. The
+crimson colour now abruptly vanished--whither it went I know not--the
+shade that had been veiling the jungle was dissipated, and in the burst
+of brilliant moonlight that succeeded I saw, peering up at me, from the
+spot where the native had lain, the yellow, glittering, malevolent eyes,
+not of a man, but a tiger--a tiger thirsting for human blood. The shock
+was so great that for a second or two I was paralysed, and could only
+stare back at the thing in fascinated helplessness. Then a big bird
+close at hand screeched, and some small quadruped flew past me
+terrified; and with these awakenings of nature all my faculties revived,
+and I simply jumped on my feet and--fled!
+
+"Some fifty yards ahead of me, and showing their tops well above the
+moon-kissed reeds and bushes, were two trees--a tamarind and a kulpa
+briksha. God knows why I decided on the latter! Probably through a mere
+fluke, for I hadn't the remotest idea which of the trees offered the
+best facilities to a poor climber. My mind once made up, there was no
+time to alter. The wer-tiger was already terribly close behind. I could
+gauge its distance by the patter of its feet--apparently the
+metamorphosis had only been in part--and by the steadily intensifying
+purr, purr; so unmistakably interpretative of the brute's utter
+satisfaction in its power to overtake me, as well as at the prospect of
+so good a meal. I was just thirteen stone, seemingly a most unlucky
+number even in weight! Had the tiger wanted, I am sure he could have
+caught me at once, but I fancy it wished to play with me a little
+first--to let me think I was going to escape, and then, when it had got
+all the amusement possible out of me, just to give a little sprint and
+haul me over. Perhaps it was my anger at such undignified treatment of
+the human race that gave a kind of sting to my running, for I certainly
+got over the ground at twice the speed I had ever done before, or ever
+thought myself capable of doing. At times my limbs were on the verge of
+mutiny, but I forced them onward, and though my lungs seemed bursting, I
+never paused. At last a clearing was reached and the kulpa-tree stood
+fully revealed. I glanced at once at the trunk. The lowest branch of any
+size was some eight feet from the ground. . . . Could I reach it?
+Summoning up all my efforts for this final, and in all probability
+fatal, rush, I hurled myself forward. There was a low exultant roar, a
+soft, almost feminine purr, and a long hairy paw, with black, gleaming
+claws shot past my cheek. I gave a great gasp of anguish, and with all
+the pent-up force of despair clutched at the branch overhead. My
+finger-tips just curled over it; I tightened them, but, at the most, it
+was a very feeble, puny grasp, and totally insufficient to enable me to
+swing my body out of reach of the tiger. I immediately gave myself up as
+lost, and was endeavouring to reconcile myself to the idea of being
+slowly chewed alive, when an extraordinary thing happened. The wer-tiger
+gave a low growl of terror and, bounding away, was speedily lost in the
+jungle. Fearing it might return, I waited for some time in the tree, and
+then, as there were no signs of it, descended, and very cautiously made
+my way back to the village.
+
+"That night an entire family, father, mother, son, and daughter, were
+murdered, and their mutilated and half-eaten bodies were discovered on
+the floor of their hut in the morning. Evidence pointed to their having
+been killed by a tiger; and as they had been the sworn enemies of the
+young man whose metamorphosis I had witnessed, it was not difficult to
+guess at the identity of their destroyer.
+
+"I related my adventure to one of the chief people, and he informed me
+he knew that particular kulpa-tree well. 'You undoubtedly owe your
+salvation to having touched it,' he said. 'The original kulpa, which now
+stands in the first heaven, is said to have been one of the fourteen
+remarkable things turned up by the churning of the ocean by the gods and
+demons; and the name of Ram and his consort Seeter are written on the
+silvery trunks of all its earthly descendants. If once you touch any
+portion of a kulpa briksha tree, you are quite safe from any
+animal--that is why the wer-tiger snarled and ran away! But take my
+advice, sahib, and leave the village.'
+
+"I did so, and on the way to my home in the hills visited the tree.
+There, sure enough, plainly visible on the silvery surface in the
+twilight, was the name of the incarnation of Vishnu, written in Sanskrit
+characters, and apparently by some supernatural hand; that is to say,
+there was a softness in the impression, as if the finger of some
+supernatural being had traced the characters. I did not want any further
+proofs--I had had enough; and taking good care to see my gun was loaded,
+I hurried off. Nor have I ever ventured into that neighbourhood since."
+
+Mr. K----, continuing, informed me that from what he had been told by
+his friend in the Kandh village, he concluded that only those who had
+been initiated into the full rites of magic in their early youth could
+see the totem in its full state of materialization, _i.e._, an enormous
+tiger--half man and half beast. To those who were in some degree
+clairvoyant it would appear as it had appeared to him, a mere column of
+crimson light (crimson on account of its association with Black Magic);
+whilst to those who were not in any way clairvoyant it would remain
+entirely invisible. The young Kandh had prayed for the property of
+lycanthropy solely as a means of revenge on those whom he imagined had
+wronged him; and as a wer-tiger he was able to destroy them in the most
+cruel manner possible. The property when once acquired, however, could
+never be cast off, and the young man would, willy-nilly, undergo
+transmutation every night, and in all probability continue killing and
+eating people till some one plucked up the courage--for wer-tigers were
+not only dreaded, but held in the greatest awe--to shoot him.
+
+There are certain tribes in India known to be adepts in Occultism, and
+therefore one is not surprised to find lycanthropy linked with the
+mysterious jugglery, etherical projection, and other psychic feats
+accomplished by these tribesmen. The wer-tiger is not confined to the
+Kandhs: it is met with in Malaysia, in the gorgeous tropical forests of
+Java and Sumatra, where it is feared more than anything on earth by the
+gentle and intelligent natives; and, if rumour be true, in the great,
+lone mountains and dense jungles, and along the hot, unhealthy
+river-banks of New Guinea.
+
+In Arawak, it gives place to the wer-jaguar; in Ashangoland, and many
+parts of West Africa, to the wer-leopard. Of course, there are cases of
+charlatanism in lycanthropy as in medicine, politics, palmistry, and in
+every other science. But most, if not all, of these cases of sham
+lycanthropy seem to come from West Africa, where leopard societies are
+from time to time formed by young savages unable to restrain their
+craving for cannibalism. These human vampires dress up in leopard-skins,
+and stealing stealthily through the woods at night, attack stray
+pedestrians or isolated households. After killing their victims, they
+cut off any portions of the body--usually the breasts and thighs--they
+fancy most for eating, and then mutilate the rest with the signia of
+their society, _i.e._, long and deep scratchings, which are made either
+with the claws of a leopard or some other beast, or with sharp iron
+nails. Whole districts are often put in a state of panic by these
+marauders, who, retiring to their retreat in the heart of some little
+known, vast, and almost impenetrable forest, successfully defy capture.
+But the fact of there being pseudo-wer-leopards by no means disposes of
+the fact that there are genuine ones, any more than the fact that there
+are charlatan palmists precludes the possibility of there being _bona
+fide_ palmists; and I am inclined to believe lycanthropy exists in
+certain parts of West Africa (_i.e._, where primitive conditions are
+most in evidence), although not, perhaps, to the same extent as it does
+in Asia and Europe. I do not think the negro's relationship to the
+Occult Forces is quite the same as that of other races. He is often
+clairvoyant and clairaudiant, and always very much in awe of the
+superphysical; but it is rarely he can ever claim close intimacy with
+it--not close enough, at all events, to be the recipient of its special
+gifts.
+
+In werwolfery there is no "totem." The property of metamorphosis, in
+this branch of lycanthropy, is not deemed the gift of a national deity,
+but either of the Occult Powers in general or of some particular local
+phantasm. In other branches of lycanthropy, viz., that of the wer-tiger
+and wer-leopard--I am doubtful about the wer-jaguar--the property of
+transmutation is said to be conferred solely by the god, or a god, of
+the tribe.
+
+But although these various properties of lycanthropy are apparently
+derived from different sources, the difference is only in outward form;
+and I have no hesitation in saying that the occult power from which all
+lycanthropy proceeds, whether in the form of a wolf, tiger, leopard, or
+any other beast, is in reality the same species of Elemental.[32:1] But
+whether a Vagrarian, Vice, or some other Elemental, I cannot possibly
+say.
+
+I have stated that I am doubtful as to whether totemism exists in
+Arawak. The truth is, with regard to this question, I am in receipt of
+somewhat conflicting testimony. Some say that the natives have as their
+god a deity in the form of a jaguar, to whom they pray for vengeance on
+their foes and for the property of lycanthropy; which property (_vide_
+the case of the Kandhs) would give them the additional pleasure of
+executing vengeance in their own person. On the other hand, I have heard
+that the form of a jaguar is the form most commonly assumed by spirits
+in Arawak, particularly by those invoked at séances. Hence it is
+extremely difficult to arrive at the truth. From the corroborating
+testimony of various people, however, I conclude that whereas among the
+Kandhs and West African negroes the property of lycanthropy (unless, of
+course, hereditary) is rarely conferred on females, or on anyone younger
+than sixteen, in Arawak and Malaysia it is awarded regardless of sex or
+age.
+
+Some years ago there was current, among certain tribes of the natives in
+Arawak, a story to this effect:--
+
+A Dutch trader, of the name of Van Hielen, was visiting for purely
+business purposes an Indian settlement in a very remote part of the
+colony. Roaming about the village one evening, he came to a hut standing
+alone on the outskirts of one of those dense forests that are so
+characteristic of Arawak. Van Hielen paused, and was marvelling how
+anyone could choose to live in so outlandish and lonely a spot, when a
+shrill scream, followed by a series of violent guttural ejaculations,
+came from the interior of the building, and the next moment a little
+boy--some seven or eight years of age--rushed out of the house, pursued
+by a prodigiously fat woman, who whacked him soundly across the
+shoulders with a knotted club and then halted for want of breath. Van
+Hielen, who was well versed in the native language, politely asked her
+what the boy had done to deserve so severe a chastisement.
+
+"Done!" the woman replied, opening her beady little eyes to their full
+extent; "why, he's not done anything--that's why I beat him--he's
+incorrigibly idle. He and his sister spend all their time amid the trees
+yonder conversing with the bad spirits. They learned that trick from
+Guska, with the evil eye. She has bewitched them. She was shot to death
+with arrows in the market-place last year, and my only regret is that
+she wasn't put out of the way ten years sooner. Ah! there's that wicked
+girl Yarakna--she's been hiding from me all the day. I must punish her,
+too!" and before Van Hielen could speak the indignant parent waddled
+off--with surprising swiftness for one of her vast proportions--and
+reappeared dragging by the wrist an elfish-looking girl of about ten.
+She gave the urchin one blow, and was about to give her another, when
+Van Hielen, whose heart was particularly tender where children were
+concerned, interfered, and by dint of bribery persuaded her to desist.
+She retired indoors, and Van Hielen found himself alone with the child.
+
+"May the spirit of the woods for ever be your friend!" the maiden said.
+"But for you my poor back would have been beaten to a tonka bean. My
+brother and I have suffered enough at the hands of the old woman--we'll
+suffer no more."
+
+"What will you do then?" Van Hielen asked, shocked at the revengeful
+expression that marred the otherwise pretty features of the child.
+"Remember, she is your mother, and has every right to expect you to be
+obedient and industrious."
+
+"She is not our mother!" the girl answered. "Our mother is the spirit of
+the woods. We work for her--not for this old woman, and in return she
+tells us tales and amuses us."
+
+"You work for her!" Van Hielen said in amazement. "What do you mean?"
+
+The child smiled--the ignorance of the white man tickled her. "We gather
+aloes for medicine for her sick children; the core of the lechugilla for
+their food, yucca leaves for plumes for their heads, and scarlet
+panicles of the _Fouquiera splendens_ for their clothes. My brother and
+I will go to her to-night when the old woman is sleeping. Where? Ah! we
+do not tell anyone that. Do we see her? The spirit of the woods, you
+mean? Yes, we see her, but it is not every one who can see her--only
+those who have sight like ours. But I must go now--my brother is calling
+me."
+
+Van Hielen could hear nothing; though he did not doubt, from the child's
+behaviour, that she had been called. She ran merrily away, and he
+watched her black head disappear in the thick undergrowth facing him.
+Van Hielen's curiosity was roused. What the child had said impressed him
+deeply; and against his saner judgment he resolved to secrete himself
+near the hut and watch. After it had been dusk some time, and all sounds
+had ceased, he saw the two children emerge from the hut, and, tiptoeing
+softly towards the trees, fall on their hands and knees and crawl along
+a tiny, deviating path. Hardly knowing what he was doing, but impelled
+by a force he could not resist, Van Hielen followed them. It was a
+delicious night--at that time of year every night in Arawak is
+delicious--and Van Hielen, who was very simple in his love of nature,
+imbibed delight through every pore in his body. As he trod gently along,
+pushing first this branch and then that out of the way, and stooping
+down to half his height to creep under a formidable bramble, countless
+voices from animal land fell on his ears. From a glimmering patch of
+water, away on his left, came the trump of a bull-frog and the wail of
+the whip-poor-will; a monkey chattered, a parrot screeched, whilst a
+shrill cry of terror, accompanied by a savage growl, plainly told of the
+surprise and slaughter of some defenceless animal by one of the many big
+beasts of prey that made every tree their lurking place.
+
+On any other occasion Van Hielen would have thought twice before
+embarking on such an expedition; but that night he seemed to be
+labouring under some charm which had lulled to sleep all sense of
+insecurity. It was true he was armed, but of what avail is a rifle
+against the unexpected spring of a jaguar or leopard--from a bough some
+ten or twenty feet directly over one's head--or the sudden lunge of a
+boa constrictor!
+
+At first, the path wound its way through a dense chapparal consisting of
+the various shrubs and plants rarely to be met with in other parts of
+Arawak, namely, acacias, aloes, lechuguillas, and the _Fouquiera
+splendens_. But after a short time this kind of vegetation was succeeded
+by something far more imposing--by dense masses of trees, many of them
+at the least one hundred and fifty feet in height: the mora, which from
+a distance appears like a hillock clothed with the brightest vegetation;
+the ayucari, or red cedar; and the cuamara, laden with tonka beans. So
+thick was their foliage overhead that one by one Van Hielen watched the
+stars disappear; and the path ahead of him darkened till it was as much
+as he could do to grope along. Still he was not afraid. The thought of
+that elfish little maiden with the luminous eyes crawling along in front
+of him inspired him with extraordinary confidence and he plunged on,
+anxious only to catch another glimpse of her and see the play out. Once
+his progress was interrupted by something hot and leathery, that pushed
+him nearly off his feet and puffed rudely in his face. It was on the tip
+of his tongue to give vent to his ruffled feelings in forcible language,
+but the knowledge that this would assuredly warn the children of his
+proximity kept him quiet, and he contented himself with striking a
+vigorous blow. There was a loud snort, a crashing and breaking of
+brushwood, and the thing, whatever it was, rushed away. Another time he
+stumbled over a snake which was gliding from one side of the path to the
+other. The creature hissed, and Van Hielen, giving himself up for lost,
+jumped for all he was worth. As luck would have it the snake missed, and
+Van Hielen, escaping with nothing more serious than a few scratches and
+a bump or two, was able to continue his course. After long gropings the
+path at length came to an end, the trees cleared, and Van Hielen saw
+before him a pool, radiantly illuminated by the moon, and in the very
+centre--an immense Victoria Regia water-lily.
+
+Though accustomed to the fine species of this plant in Guiana--which is
+the home of the Victoria Regia--Van Hielen was doubtful if he had ever
+before beheld such a magnificent specimen. The silvery moonlight,
+falling on its white and pink petals, threw into relief all the
+exquisite delicacy of their composition, and gave to them a glow which
+could only have been rivalled in Elysium. Indeed, the whole scene,
+enhanced by the glamour of the hour and the sweet scent of plants and
+flowers, was so reminiscent of fairyland that Van Hielen--enraptured
+beyond description--stood and gazed in open-mouthed ecstasy.
+
+Then his eyes fell on the children and he noiselessly slipped back under
+cover of a tree.
+
+Hand in hand the boy and girl advanced to the water's edge, and
+kneeling, commenced to recite some strange incantation, which Van Hielen
+tried in vain to interpret. Sometimes their voices reached a high,
+plaintive key; sometimes they sank to a low murmur, strangely musical,
+and strangely suggestive of the babbling of brook water over stones and
+pebbles. When they had finished their incantation, they got up, and
+running to some bushes, returned in a few seconds with their arms full
+of flowers, which they threw with great dexterity on to the leaves of
+the giant lily. With their faces still turned to the water they remained
+standing, side by side, whilst a silence--deep and impressive, and
+shared, so it appeared to Van Hielen, by all nature--fell upon them.
+
+A cold current of air, rising apparently from the pool, blew across the
+opening, and sweeping past Van Hielen, set all the leaves in motion. It
+rustled on till its echoes gradually ceased, and all was still again. It
+now seemed to Van Hielen that the character of everything around
+underwent a subtle change; and the feeling that every object around him
+was indulging in a hearty laugh at his expense intensified with every
+breath he drew. For the first time Van Hielen was afraid. He could not
+define the cause of his fear--but that only made his fear the more
+acute. He was frightened of the wind and darkness, and of something more
+than the wind and darkness--something concealed in--something cloaked by
+the wind and darkness. Even the atmosphere had altered--it, too, was
+making game of him. It distorted his vision. The things he saw around
+him were no longer stationary--they moved. They twirled and twisted
+themselves into all sorts of grotesque and fanciful attitudes; grew
+large, then small; nearer and then more distant. The plot of ground in
+front of which the children knelt played all manner of pranks--pranks
+Van Hielen did not at all like. It moved round and round--faster and
+faster, until it eventually became a whirlpool; which suddenly reversed
+and assumed the appearance of a pyramid revolving on its apex. Quicker
+and quicker it spun round--closer and closer it drew; until, without
+warning, it suddenly stopped and disappeared; whilst its place was taken
+by an oddly shaped bulge in the ground, which, swaying backward and
+forward, increased and increased in stature, till it attained the height
+of some seven or eight feet. Van Hielen could not compare this with
+anything he had ever seen. It was monstrous but shapeless--a mere mass
+of irregular lumps, a dull leadish white, and vibrating horribly in the
+moonlight. He thought of the children; but where they had stood he saw
+only two greenish-yellow spheres that, twirling round and round,
+suddenly approached him. As he started back to escape them, all was
+again changed. The lumpy figure had vanished, the atmosphere cleared,
+and everything was absolutely normal. There were now, however, solid
+grounds for fear. Advancing on him with flashing eyes and scintillating
+teeth were two vividly marked jaguars--a male and female. Van Hielen,
+usually calm and collected in the face of danger, on this occasion lost
+his presence of mind: his gun dropped from his hands, his knees
+quivered, and, helpless and inert, he reeled against the tree under
+which he had been standing. The jaguars--which seemed to be unusually
+savage even for jaguars--prepared to spring, and Van Hielen, certain
+his hour had come, was about to close his eyes and resign himself to his
+fate, when the female brute, although the bigger and more formidable,
+hesitated--thrust its dark, handsomely spotted head almost in its
+victim's face, and then, lashing its companion sharply with its tail,
+swerved aside and was off like a dart.
+
+It took Van Hielen some minutes to realize his escape, and then, more in
+a dream than awake, he mechanically shouldered his rifle and slowly
+followed in the beasts' wake.
+
+An hour's walking brought him to the end of the forest. The dawn was
+breaking, and the track leading to the settlement was just beginning to
+exhibit the mellowing influence of the first rays of the sun. There was
+an exhilarating freshness in the air that made Van Hielen keenly
+sensitive to the ambitious demands of a newly awakened stomach. Opposite
+him was the hut of the old woman, the entrance somewhat clumsily blocked
+with a makeshift door. As Van Hielen looked at it curiously, wondering
+if the woman was in the habit of barricading it in this fashion on
+account of her proximity to the forest, sounds greeted him from within.
+
+Stepping lightly up to the hut, Van Hielen listened attentively. Some
+big animal--a hound most probably--was gnawing a bone--crunch, crunch,
+crunch!
+
+Van Hielen moved away, but hadn't gone very far before an indefinable
+something made him turn back. That crunching, was it a dog or was
+it----? His heart turned sick within him at the bare thought. Again he
+listened at the threshold, and again he heard the sounds--gnaw, gnaw,
+gnaw--crunch, crunch, crunch! He rapped at first gently, and then
+loudly, ever so loudly.
+
+The gnawing at once stopped, but no one answered him. Then he
+called--once, twice, thrice: there was no reply. Assured now there was
+something amiss, he gripped his rifle, and putting his shoulder to the
+door, burst it open. A flood of daylight rushed in, and he saw before
+him on the floor the mutilated and half-eaten remains of a woman,
+and--did his eyes deceive him or did he see?--crouching in a corner all
+ready to spring, two magnificent jaguars. Van Hielen raised his rifle,
+but--in less than a second--it fell from his grasp.
+
+Towards him, from the same spot--their small mouths and slender hands
+smeared with blood--ran Yarakna and her brother.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[32:1] A spirit that has never inhabited any material body. Elementals
+are a genus of a large order, and include innumerable species.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES
+
+
+It seems that there is a disposition in certain minds to associate
+lycanthropy with the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. A brief
+examination of the latter will, however, suffice to show there is very
+little analogy between the two.
+
+Transmigration of souls, a metempsychosis, deals solely with the passing
+of the soul after death into another mortal form. Lycanthropy confines
+itself to the metamorphosis of physical man to animal form only during
+man's physical lifetime.
+
+Metempsychosis is a change of condition dependent on the principle of
+evolution (_i.e._ evolution upward and retrogressive). Lycanthropy is a
+change of condition relative to a property, entirely independent of
+evolution. The one is wholly determined by man's spiritual state at the
+time of his physical dissolution; the other is simply a faculty of
+sense, either handed down to man by his forefathers or acquired by man,
+during his lifetime, through the knowledge and practice of magic.
+
+There are absolutely no grounds, other than purely hypothetical ones,
+for supposing a werwolf to be a reincarnation; but on the other hand
+there is reason to believe that the wolf personality of the werwolf, at
+the latter's physical dissolution, remains earthbound in the form of a
+lupine phantasm. So that although there is nothing to associate
+lycanthropy with metempsychosis, there is, at all events, something in
+common between lycanthropy and animism. Animism, be it understood, holds
+that every living thing, whether man, beast, reptile, insect, or
+vegetable, has a representative spirit.
+
+As an example of a lupine phantasm representing the personality of the
+werwolf, I will quote a case, reported to me some years ago as having
+occurred in Estonia, on the shores of the Baltic. A gentleman and his
+sister, whom I will call Stanislaus and Anno D'Adhemar, were invited to
+spend a few weeks with their old friends, the Baron and Baroness Von
+A----, at their country home in Estonia. On the day arranged, they set
+out for their friends' house, and alighting at a little station, within
+twenty miles of their destination, were met by the Baron's droshky. It
+was one of those exquisite evenings--a night light without moon, a day
+shady without clouds--peculiar to that clime. Indeed, it seemed as if
+the last glow of the evening and the first grey of the morning had
+melted together, and as if all the luminaries of the sky merely rested
+their beams without withdrawing them. To Stanislaus and Anno, jaded with
+the wear and tear of life in a big city, the calm and quiet of the
+country-side was most refreshing, and they heaved great sighs of
+contentment as they leaned far back amid the luxurious upholstery of the
+carriage, and drew in deep breaths of the smokeless, pure, scented air.
+Their surroundings modelled their thoughts. Instead of discussing
+monetary matters, which had so long been uppermost in their minds, they
+discoursed on the wonderful economy of happiness in a world full of toil
+and struggle; the fewer the joys, they argued, the higher the enjoyment,
+till the last and highest joy of all, true peace of mind, _i.e._,
+content, was the one joy found to contain every other joy. Occasionally
+they paused to remark on the brilliant lustre of the stars, and, not
+infrequently, alluded to the Creator's graciousness in allowing them to
+behold such beauty. Occasionally, too, they would break off in the midst
+of their conversation to listen to the plaintive utterings of some night
+bird or the shrill cry of a startled hare. The rate at which they were
+progressing--for the horses were young and fresh--speedily brought them
+to an end of the open country, and they found themselves suddenly
+immersed in the deepening gloom of a dense and extensive forest of
+pines. The track now was not quite so smooth; here and there were big
+ruts, and Stanislaus and his sister were subjected to such a vigorous
+bumping that they had to hold on to the sides of the droshky, and to one
+another. In the altered conditions of their travel, conversation was
+well-nigh impossible. The little they attempted was unceremoniously
+jerked out of them, and the nature of it--I am loath to admit--had
+somewhat deteriorated. It had, in fact, in accordance with their
+surroundings, undergone a considerable change.
+
+"What a vile road!" Stanislaus exclaimed, clutching the side of the
+droshky with both hands to save himself from being precipitated into
+space.
+
+"Yes--isn't--it?" gasped Anno, as she lunged forward, and in a vain
+attempt to regain her seat fell on their handbag, which gave an ominous
+squish. "I declare there--there--will be--nothing left of me--by the--by
+the time we get there. Oh dear! Whatever shall I do? Wherever have you
+got to, Stanislaus?"
+
+The upper half of Stanislaus was nowhere to be seen! His lower half,
+however, was discovered by his sister convulsively pressed against the
+side of the droshky. In another moment this, too, would undoubtedly have
+disappeared, and the lower extremities would have gone in pursuit of the
+upper, had not Anno with admirable presence of mind effected a rescue.
+She tugged at her brother's coat-tails in the very nick of time, with
+the result that his whole body once again hove into view.
+
+Just then a bird sang its final song before retiring for the night, and
+Stanislaus, hot and trembling all over, shouted out: "What a hideous
+noise! I declare it quite frightened me"; whilst Anno shuddered and put
+her fingers in her ears. They once more abused the road; then the trees.
+"Great ugly things," they said; "they shut out all the light." And then
+they abused the driver for not looking out where he was going, and
+finally they began to abuse one another. Anno abused Stanislaus, because
+he had disarranged her hat and hair, and Stanislaus, Anno, because he
+couldn't hear all she said, and because what he did hear was silly. Then
+the Stygian darkness of the great pines grew; and the silence of wonder
+fell on the two quarrellers. On, on, on rolled the droshky, a monotonous
+rumble, rumble, that sounded very loud amid the intense hush that had
+suddenly fallen on the forest. Stanislaus and Anno grew drowsy; the cold
+night air, crowning their exertions of the day, induced sleep, and they
+were soon very much in the land of nods: Stanislaus with his head thrust
+back as far as it would go, and Anno with her head leaning slightly
+forward and her chin deeply rooted in the silvery recesses of her rich
+fur coat.
+
+The driver stopped for a moment. He had to attend to his lights, which,
+he reflected, were behaving in rather an odd manner. Then, scratching
+his head thoughtfully, he cracked his whip and drove hurriedly on. Once
+again, rumble, rumble, rumble; and no other sounds but far away echoes
+and the gentle cooing of a soft night breeze through the forked and
+ragged branches of the sad and stately pines. On, on, on, the light
+uncertain and the horses brisk. Suddenly the driver hears something--he
+strains his ears to catch the meaning of the sounds--a peculiar, quick
+patter, patter--coming from far away in the droshky's wake. There is
+something--he can't exactly tell what--in those sounds he doesn't like;
+they are human, and yet not human; they may proceed from some one
+running--some one tall and lithe, with an unusually long stride. They
+may--and he casts a shuddering look over his shoulder as the thought
+strikes him--they may be nothing human--they may be the patter of a
+wolf! A huge, gaunt, hungry wolf! an abnormally big wolf! a wolf with a
+gallop like that of a horse! The driver was new to these parts; he had
+but lately come from the Baron's establishment in St. Petersburg. He had
+never been in this wood after dark, and he had never seen a wolf save in
+the Zoological Gardens. The atmosphere now began to sharpen. From being
+merely cold it became positively icy, and muttering, "I never felt
+anything like this in St. Petersburg," the driver shrank into the depths
+of his furs, and tried to settle himself more comfortably in his seat.
+The horses, too, four in number, were strangers in Estonia, the Baron
+having only recently paid a heavy price for them in Nava on account of
+their beauty. Not that they were merely handsome; despite their small
+and graceful build, and the glossy sleekness of their coats, they were
+both strong and spirited, and could cover twenty-five versts without a
+pause. But now they, too, heard the sounds--there was no doubt of
+that--and felt the cold. At first they shivered, then whined, and then
+came to an abrupt halt; and then, without the slightest warning, tore
+the shifting tag and rag tight around them, and bounding forward, were
+off like the wind. Then, away in their rear, and plainly audible above
+the thunder of their hoofs, came a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry,
+which was almost instantly repeated, not once, but again and again.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno, who had been rudely awakened from their slumbers by
+the unusual behaviour of the horses, were now on the _qui vive_.
+
+"Good heavens! What's that?" they cried in chorus.
+
+"What's that, coachman?" shrieked Anno, digging the shivering driver in
+the back.
+
+"Volki, mistress, volki!" was the reply, and on flew the droshky faster,
+faster, faster!
+
+To Stanislaus and Anno the word "wolves" came as a stunning shock. All
+the tales they had ever heard of these ferocious beasts crowded their
+minds at once. Wolves! was it possible that those dreadful bogies of
+their childhood--those grim and awful creatures, grotesquely but none
+the less vividly portrayed in their imagination by horror-loving
+nurses--were actually close at hand! Supposing the brutes caught them,
+who would be eaten first? Anno, Stanislaus, or the driver? Would they
+devour them with their clothes on? If not, how would they get them off?
+Then, filled with morbid curiosity, they strained their ears and
+listened. Again--this time nearer, much nearer--came that cry, dismal,
+protracted, nerve-racking. Nor was that all, for they could now discern
+the pat-pat, pat-pat of footsteps--long, soft, loping footsteps, as of
+huge furry paws or naked human feet. However, they could see
+nothing--nothing but blackness, intensified by the feeble flickering of
+the droshky's lanterns.
+
+"Faster! drive faster!" Anno shouted, turning round and poking the
+coachman in the ribs with her umbrella. "Do you want us all to be
+eaten?"
+
+"I can't mistress, I can't!" the man expostulated; "the horses are
+outstripping the wind as it is. They can't go quicker." And the driver,
+consigning Stanislaus and his sister to the innermost recesses of hell,
+prayed to the Virgin to save him.
+
+Nearer and nearer drew the steps, and again a cry--a cry close behind
+them, perhaps fifty yards--fifty yards at the most. And as they were
+trying to locate it there burst into view a gigantic figure--nude and
+luminous, a figure that glowed like a glow-worm and bent slightly
+forward as it ran. It covered the ground with long, easy, swinging
+strides, without any apparent effort. In general form its body was like
+that of a man, saving that the limbs were longer and covered with short
+hair, and the feet and hands, besides being larger as a whole, had
+longer toes and fingers. Its head was partly human, partly lupine--the
+skull, ears, teeth, and eyes were those of a wolf, whilst the remaining
+features were those of a man. Its complexion was devoid of colour,
+startlingly white; its eyes green and lurid, its expression hellish.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno did not know what to make of it. Was it some
+terrible monstrosity that had escaped from a show, or something that was
+peculiar to the forest itself, something generated by the giant trees
+and dark, silent road? In their sublime terror they shrieked aloud, beat
+the air with their hands to ward it off, and finally left their seats to
+cling on to the back of the driver's box.
+
+But it came nearer, nearer, and nearer, until they were almost within
+reach of its arms. They read death in the glinting greenness of its eyes
+and in the flashing of its long bared teeth. The climax of their agony,
+they argued, could no longer be postponed. The thing had only to make a
+grab at them and they would die of horror--die even before it touched
+them. But this was not to be.
+
+They were still staring into the pale malevolent face drawing nearer and
+nearer, and wondering when the long twitching fingers would catch them
+by the throats, when the droshky with a mad swirl forward cleared the
+forest, and they found themselves gazing wildly into empty moonlit
+space, with no sign of their pursuer anywhere.
+
+An hour later they narrated their adventure to the Baron. Nothing could
+have exceeded his distress. "My dear friends!" he said, "I owe you a
+profound apology. I ought to have told my man to choose any other road
+rather than that through the forest, which is well known to be haunted.
+According to rumour, a werwolf--we have good reason to believe in
+werwolfs here--was killed there many years ago."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF
+
+
+As I have already stated, in some people lycanthropy is hereditary; and
+when it is not hereditary it may be acquired through the performance of
+certain of the rites ordained by Black Magic. For the present I can only
+deal with the more general features of these rites (which vary according
+to locality) and the conditions of mind essential to those who would
+successfully practise these rites. In the first place, it is necessary
+that the person desirous of acquiring the property of lycanthropy should
+be in earnest and a believer in those superphysical powers whose favour
+he is about to ask.
+
+Assuming we have such an individual he must, first of all, betake
+himself to a spot remote from the haunts of men. The powers to be
+petitioned are not to be found promiscuously--anywhere. They favour only
+such waste and solitary places as the deserts, woods, and mountain-tops.
+
+The locality chosen, our candidate must next select a night when the
+moon is new and strong.[56:1] He must then choose a perfectly level
+piece of ground, and on it, at midnight, he must mark, either with chalk
+or string--it really does not matter which--a circle of not less than
+seven feet in radius, and within this, and from the same centre, another
+circle of three feet in radius. Then, in the centre of this inner circle
+he must kindle a fire, and over the fire place an iron tripod containing
+an iron vessel of water. As soon as the water begins to boil the
+would-be lycanthropist must throw into it handfuls of any three of the
+following substances: Asafoetida, parsley, opium, hemlock, henbane,
+saffron, aloe, poppy-seed and solanum; repeating as he does so these
+words:--
+
+     "Spirits from the deep
+      Who never sleep,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits from the grave
+      Without a soul to save,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the trees
+      That grow upon the leas,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the air,
+      Foul and black, not fair,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Water spirits hateful,
+      To ships and bathers fateful,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of earthbound dead
+      That glide with noiseless tread,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of heat and fire,
+      Destructive in your ire,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of cold and ice,
+      Patrons of crime and vice,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Wolves, vampires, satyrs, ghosts!
+      Elect of all the devilish hosts!
+        I pray you send hither,
+        Send hither, send hither,
+        The great grey shape that makes men shiver!
+        Shiver, shiver, shiver!
+        Come! Come! Come!"
+
+The supplicant then takes off his vest and shirt and smears his body
+with the fat of some newly killed animal (preferably a cat), mixed with
+aniseed, camphor, and opium. Then he binds round his loins a girdle made
+of wolf's-skin, and kneeling down within the circumference of the first
+circle, waits for the advent of the Unknown. When the fire burns blue
+and quickly dies out, the Unknown is about to manifest itself; if it
+does not then actually appear it will make its presence felt.
+
+There is little consistency in the various methods of the spirit's
+advent: sometimes a deep unnatural silence immediately precedes it;
+sometimes crashes and bangs, groanings and shriekings, herald its
+approach. When it remains invisible its presence is indicated and
+accompanied by a sensation of abnormal cold and the most acute terror.
+It is sometimes visible in the guise of a huntsman--which is, perhaps,
+its most popular shape--sometimes in the form of a monstrosity, partly
+man and partly beast--and sometimes it is seen ill defined and only
+partially materialized. To what order of spirits it belongs is, of
+course, purely a matter of conjecture. I believe it to be some
+malevolent, superphysical, creative power, such as, in my opinion,
+participated largely in the creation of this and other planets. I do not
+believe it to be the Devil, because I do not believe in the existence of
+only one devil, but in countless devils. It is difficult to say to what
+extent the Unknown is believed to be powerful by those who approach it
+for the purpose of acquiring the gift of lycanthropy; but I am inclined
+to think that the majority of these, at all events, do not ascribe to it
+any supreme power, but regard it merely as a local spirit--the spirit
+of some particular wilderness or forest.
+
+Of course, it is quite possible that the property of werwolfery might be
+acquired by other than a direct personal communication with the Unknown,
+as, for example, by eating a wolf's brains, by drinking water out of a
+wolf's footprints, or by drinking out of a stream from which three or
+more wolves have been seen to drink; but as most of the stories I have
+heard of werwolfery acquired in this way are of a wild and improbable
+nature, I think there is little to be learned from the _modus operandi_
+they advocate. The following story, which I believe to be true in the
+main, was told me by a Dr. Broniervski, whom I met in Boulogne.
+
+"Ten years ago," my informant began, "I was engaged in a geological
+expedition in Montenegro. I left Cetinge in company with my escort,
+Dugald Dalghetty, a Dalmatian who had served me on many former
+occasions; but owing to an accident I was compelled to leave him behind
+at a village about thirty miles east of the capital. As it was
+absolutely necessary for me to have a guide, I chose a Montenegrin
+called Kniaz. Dalghetty warned me against him. 'Kniaz has the evil eye,'
+he said; 'he will bring misfortune on you. Choose some one else.'
+
+"Kniaz was certainly not particularly prepossessing. He was tall and
+angular, and pock-marked and sandy-haired; and his eyes had a peculiar
+cast--only a cast, of course, nothing more. To balance these detractions
+he was civil in his manners and extremely moderate in his terms.
+Dalghetty, faithful fellow, almost wept as he watched us depart. 'I
+shall never see you again,' he said. 'Never!'
+
+"Just outside the last cottage in the village we passed a gigantic,
+broad-shouldered man, clad in the usual clothes of frieze, a black
+skullcap, wide trousers, and tights from the knee to the ankle. Over his
+shoulders was a new white strookah, of which he seemed very proud;
+whilst he had a perfect armament of weapons--rifles, pistols,
+yatagan--polished up to the knocker--and cartouche-box. He was
+conversing with a girl at one of the windows, but turned as we came up
+to him and leered impudently at Kniaz. The sallow in Kniaz's cheeks
+turned to white, and the cast in his eyes became ten times more
+pronounced. But he said nothing--only drooped his head and shuffled a
+little closer to me.
+
+"For the rest of the day he spoke little; and I could tell from his
+expression and general air of dejection that he was still brooding over
+the incident. The following morning--we stayed the night in a wayside
+inn--Kniaz informed me that the route we had intended taking to
+Skaravoski--the town I meant to make the head quarters for my daily
+excursions--was blocked (a blood feud had suddenly been declared between
+two tribes), and that consequently we should have to go by some other
+way. I inquired who had told him and whether he was sure the information
+was correct. He replied that our host had given him the warning, and
+that the possibility of such an occurrence had been suggested to him
+before leaving Cetinge. 'But,' he added, 'there is no need to worry, for
+the other road, though somewhat wild and rough, is, in reality, quite as
+safe, and certainly a good league and a half shorter.' As it made no
+very great difference to me which way I went, I acquiesced. There was no
+reason to suspect Kniaz of any sinister motive--cases of treachery on
+the part of escorts are practically unknown in Montenegro--and if it
+were true that some of the tribes were engaged in a vendetta, then I
+certainly agreed that we could not give them too wide a berth. At the
+same time I could not help observing a strange innovation in Kniaz's
+character. Besides the sullenness that had laid hold of him since his
+encounter with the man and girl, he now exhibited a restless
+eagerness--his eyes were never still, his lips constantly moved, and I
+could frequently hear him muttering to himself as we trudged along. He
+asked me several times if I believed in the supernatural, and when I
+laughingly replied 'No, I am far too practical and level-headed,' he
+said 'Wait. We are now in the land of spirits. You will soon change your
+opinion.'
+
+"The country we were traversing was certainly forbidding--forbidding
+enough to be the hunting ground of legions of ferocious animals. But the
+supernatural! Bah! I flouted such an idea. All day we journeyed along a
+lofty ridge, from which, shortly before dusk, it became necessary to
+descend by a narrow and precipitous declivity, full of danger and
+difficulty. At the bottom we halted three or four hours, to wait for the
+moon, in a position sufficiently romantic and uncomfortable. A
+north-east wind, cold and biting, came whistling over the hills, and
+seemed to be sucked down into the hollow where we sat on the chilly
+stones. The moment we sighted the slightly depressed orb of the moon
+over the vast hill of rocks, and the Milky Way spanning the heavens with
+a brilliancy seen only in the East, we pushed on again. On, along a
+painfully rough and uneven track, flanked on either side by
+perpendicular masses of rock that reared themselves, black and frowning,
+like some huge ruined wall. On, till we eventually came to the end of
+the defile. Then an extraordinary scene burst upon us.
+
+"Whilst the irregular line of rocks continued close on our left, beyond
+it--glittering in the miraculously magnifying moonlight with more
+gigantic proportions than nature had afforded--was a huge pile of white
+rocks, looking like the fortifications of some vast fabulous city. There
+were yawning gateways flanked by bastions of great altitude; towers and
+pyramids; crescents and domes; and dizzy pinnacles; and castellated
+heights; all invested with the unearthly grandeur of the moon, yet
+showing in their wide breaches and indescribable ruin sure proofs that
+during a long course of ages they had been battered and undermined by
+rain, hurricane, and lightning, and all the mighty artillery of time.
+Piled on one another, and repeated over and over again, these strangely
+contorted rocks stretched as far as the eye could reach, sinking,
+however, as they receded, and leading the mind, though not the eye, down
+to the plain below, through which a turbid stream wound its way
+rebelliously, like some great twisting, twirling, silvery-scaled
+serpent.
+
+"It was into this gorge that Kniaz in a voice thrilling with excitement
+informed me we must plunge.
+
+"'It is called,' he explained to me, 'the haunted valley, and it is said
+to have been from time immemorial under the spell of the grey spirits--a
+species of phantasm, half man and half animal, that have the power of
+metamorphosing men into wild beasts.' Horses, he went on to inform me,
+showed the greatest reluctance to enter the valley, which was a sure
+proof that the place was in very truth phantom-ridden. I must say its
+appearance favoured that theory. The path by which we descended was
+almost perpendicular, and filled with shadows. Precipices hemmed us in
+on every side; and here and there a huge fragment of rock, standing like
+a petrified giant, its summit gleaming white in the moonbeams, barred
+our way.
+
+"On reaching the bottom we found ourselves exactly opposite the pile of
+white rocks, at the base of which roared the stream. Kniaz now declared
+that our best plan was to halt and bivouac here for the night. I
+expostulated, saying that I did not feel in the least degree tired, that
+the spot was far from comfortable, and that I preferred to push on.
+Kniaz then pleaded that he was too exhausted to proceed, and, in fact,
+whined to such an extent that in the end I gave way, and lying down
+under cover of a boulder, tried to imagine myself in bed. I did actually
+fall asleep, and awoke with the sensation of something crawling over my
+face. Sitting up, I looked around for Kniaz--he was nowhere to be seen.
+The oddness of his behaviour, his alternate talkativeness and
+sullenness, and the anxiety he had manifested to come by this route,
+made me at last suspicious. Had he any ulterior motive in leading me
+hither? What had become of him? Where was he? I got up and approached
+the margin of the stream, and then for the first time I felt frightened.
+The illimitable possibilities of that enormous mass of castellated rocks
+towering above me both quelled and fascinated me. Were these flickering
+shadows shadows, or--or had Kniaz, after all, spoken the truth when he
+said this valley was haunted? The moonlight rendered every object I
+looked upon so startlingly vivid, that not even the most trivial detail
+escaped my notice, and the more I scrutinized the more firmly the
+conviction grew on me that I was in a neighbourhood differing
+essentially from any spot I had hitherto visited. I saw nothing with
+which I had been formerly conversant. The few trees at hand resembled no
+growth of either the torrid, temperate, or northern frigid zones, and
+were altogether unlike those of the southern latitudes with which I was
+most familiar. The very rocks were novel in their mass, their colour,
+and their stratification; and the stream itself, utterly incredible as
+it may appear, had so little in common with the streams of other
+countries that I shrank away from it in alarm. I am at a loss to give
+any distinct idea of the nature of the water. I can only say it was not
+like ordinary water, either in appearance or behaviour. Even in the
+moonlight it was not colourless, nor was it of any one colour,
+presenting to the eye every variety of green and blue. Although it fell
+over stones and rocks with the same rapid descent as ordinary water, it
+made no sound, neither splash nor gurgle. Summoning up courage, I dipped
+my fingers in the stream; it was quite cold and limpid. The difference
+did not lie there. I was still puzzling over this phenomenon, still
+debating in my mind the possibility of the valley being haunted, when I
+heard a cry--a peculiarly ominous cry--human and yet animal. For a few
+seconds I was too overcome with fear to move. At last, however, having
+in some measure pulled myself together, I ventured cautiously in the
+direction of the noise, and after treading as lightly as I could over
+the rough and rocky soil for some couple of hundred yards, suddenly came
+to an abrupt standstill.
+
+"Kneeling beside the stream with its back turned to me was an
+extraordinary figure--a thing with a man's body and an animal's head--a
+dark, shaggy head with unmistakable prick ears. I gazed at it aghast.
+What was it? What was it doing? As I stared it bent down, lapped the
+water, and raising its head, uttered the same harrowing sound that had
+brought me thither. I then saw, with a fresh start of wonder, that its
+hands, which shone very white in the moonlight, were undergoing a
+gradual metamorphosis. I watched carefully, and first one finger, and
+then another, became amalgamated in a long, furry paw, armed with sharp,
+formidable talons.
+
+"I suppose that in my fear and astonishment I made some sound of
+sufficient magnitude to attract attention; anyhow, the creature at once
+swung round, and, with a snarl of rage, rushed savagely at me. Being
+unarmed, and also, I confess, unnerved, I completely lost my presence of
+mind, and not attempting to escape--though flight would have been
+futile, for I was nothing of a runner--shrieked aloud for help. The
+thing sprang at me, its jaws wide open, its eyes red with rage. I struck
+at it wildly, and have dim recollections of my puny blows landing on its
+face. It closed in on me, and gripping me tightly round the body with
+its sinewy arms, hurled me to the ground. My head came in violent
+contact with a stone, and I lost consciousness. On recovering my senses,
+I was immeasurably surprised to find Dalghetty sitting on a rock
+watching me, whilst close beside him was Kniaz, bloodstained and
+motionless.
+
+"Dalghetty explained the situation. 'Convinced that evil would befall
+you in the company of such a man,' he said, pointing to the figure at
+his feet, 'I determined to set out in pursuit of you. By a miracle,
+which I attribute to Our Lady, the effects of my accident suddenly wore
+off, and I felt absolutely well. I borrowed a horse, and, starting from
+Cetinge at nine this morning, reached the inn where you passed last
+night at eleven. There I learned the route you had taken, and leaving
+the horse behind--on such a road I was safer on my legs--I pressed on.
+The ground, being moist in places, revealed your footprints, and I had
+no difficulty at all in tracing you to the bottom of the declivity.
+There I was at sea for some moments, since the rocky soil was too hard
+to receive any impressions. But hearing the howl of some wild animal, I
+concluded you were attacked, and, guided by the sound, I arrived here to
+find a werwolf actually preparing to devour you. A bullet from my rifle
+speedily rendered the creature harmless, and a close inspection of it
+proved that my surmises were only too correct. It was none other than
+our friend here with the evil eye--Kniaz!'
+
+"'Kniaz a werwolf!' I ejaculated.
+
+"'Yes! he inveigled you here because he had made up his mind to drink
+the water of the enchanted stream, and so become metamorphosed from a
+man to a wild beast. His object in doing so was to destroy a young
+farmer who had stolen his sweetheart, and for whom he, as a man, was no
+match. However, he is harmless now, but it is a warning to you in future
+to trust no one who has the evil eye.'"
+
+Belief in the evil eye is everywhere prevalent in the East, and it is
+undoubtedly true that people who have certain peculiarities in their
+eyes, both with regard to expression, colour, and formation, are people
+to be avoided. If malevolently inclined, they invariably bring ill-luck
+on all who become acquainted with them. I have followed the careers of
+several people in whom I have noticed this baneful feature, and their
+histories have been one long tale of sin or sorrow--often both.
+
+But though the evil eye denotes an evil superphysical influence, the
+werwolf is not necessarily possessed of it. Sometimes a werwolf may be
+told by the long, straight, slanting eyebrows, which meet in an angle
+over the nose; sometimes by the hands, the third finger of which is a
+trifle the longest; or by the finger-nails, which are red,
+almond-shaped, and curved; sometimes by the ears, which are set rather
+low, and far back on their heads; and sometimes by a noticeably long,
+swinging stride, which is strongly suggestive of some animal. Either one
+or other of these features is always present in hereditary werwolves,
+and is also frequently developed in those people who become werwolves,
+either at the same time as or soon after they acquire the property.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[56:1] Psychic influences are demonstrated by the position of the
+planets. For instance, at a new moon, cusp of Seventh House, and
+cojoined with Saturn in opposition to Jupiter, sinister superphysical
+presences are much in evidence on the earth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM
+
+
+In the preceding chapter I touched on one or two modes of evoking the
+spirits that have it in their power to confer the property of
+lycanthropy; I now pass on to the question of exorcism in relation to
+werwolves.
+
+Is it possible to exorcize the evil power of metamorphosis possessed by
+the werwolf, or, as those would say who see in the werwolf, not the
+possession of a property, but a spirit, "to exorcize the evil spirit"?
+
+For my own part, and basing my opinion on my own experiences with other
+forms of the superphysical, with regard to the success of exorcism I am
+sceptical. I have been present when exorcism has been tried--tried on
+people supposed to be obsessed with demoniacal spirits, and tried on
+spontaneous psychic phenomena in haunted houses--and in both cases it
+has failed. Now, although, as I have said, I regard lycanthropy in the
+light of a property, and do not believe in the lycanthropist being
+possessed of a separate individual spirit, I am inclined to think, were
+exorcism efficacious at all, that it would take effect on werwolves,
+since the property of werwolfery is a gift which is, more or less,
+directly acquired from the malevolent spirits.
+
+But I am not only dubious as to the powers of exorcism generally, I am
+also dubious as to its effect on werwolves. I have come across a good
+many alleged cases of its having been successfully practised on
+werwolves, but in regard to these cases, the authority is not very
+reliable, nor the corroborative evidence strong.
+
+Nearly all the methods prescribed embrace the use of some potion; such,
+for example, as sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, mixed with clear
+spring water; or hypericum, compounded with vinegar--which two potions
+seem to have been (and to be still) the most favoured recipes for
+removing the devilish power.
+
+The ceremony of exorcism proceeded as follows: The werwolf was sprinkled
+three times with one of the above solutions, and saluted with the sign
+of the cross, or addressed thrice by his baptismal name, each address
+being accompanied by a blow on the forehead with a knife; or he was
+sprinkled, whilst at the same time his girdle was removed; or in lieu of
+being sprinkled, he had three drops of blood drawn from his chest, or
+was compelled to kneel in one spot for a great number of years.
+
+A full description of the practice and failure of exorcism was cited to
+me the other day in connexion with a comparatively recent happening in
+Asiatic Russia:--
+
+Tina Peroviskei, a wealthy young widow, who lived in St. Nicholas
+Street, Moscow--not a hundred yards from the house of Herr Schauman, the
+well-known German banker and horticulturist (every one in Russia has
+heard of the Schauman tulips)--met a gentleman named Ivan Baranoff at a
+friend's house, and, despite the warning of her brother, married him.
+
+Ivan Baranoff did not look more than thirty years of age. He was usually
+dressed in grey furs--a grey fur coat, grey fur leggings, and a grey fur
+cap. His features were very handsome--at least, so Tina thought--his
+hair was flaxen, glossy, and bright as a mirror; and his mouth, when
+open, displayed a most brilliant set of even, white teeth. Tina had
+three children by her first husband, and the fuss Ivan Baranoff made of
+them pleased her immensely. Their own father never evinced a greater
+anxiety for their welfare. Ivan brought them the most expensive toys and
+sweetmeats--particularly sweetmeats--and would insist on seeing for
+himself that they had plenty of rich, creamy milk, fresh eggs, and the
+best of butter.
+
+"You'll kill them with kindness," Tina often remonstrated. "They are too
+fat by half now."
+
+"They can't be too fat," Ivan would reply. "No one is too fat. I love to
+see rosy cheeks and stout limbs. Wait till you're in the country! Then
+you may talk about putting on flesh. The air there will fatten you even
+more than the food."
+
+"Then we shall burst, and there will be an end of us," Tina would
+laughingly say.
+
+But despite all this, despite the way in which he fondled and caressed
+them, the children involuntarily shrank away from Ivan; and on Tina
+angrily demanding the reason, they told her they could not help
+it--there was something in his bright eyes and touch that frightened
+them. When Tina's brothers and sisters heard of this, they upheld the
+children.
+
+"We are not in the least surprised," they said; "his eyes are cruel--so
+are his lips; and as for his eyebrows--those dark, straight eyebrows
+that meet in a point over the nose--why, every one knows what a bad sign
+that is!"
+
+But Tina grew so angry they had to desist. "You are jealous," she said
+to her brothers. "You envy him his looks and money." And to her sisters
+she said, "You only wish you could have had him yourselves. You know I
+love him already far more than I ever loved Rupert." (Rupert was her
+first husband.)
+
+And within a month or so of the marriage Tina left all her relatives in
+Moscow, and, accompanied by her children and dogs--some people hinted
+that Tina was fonder of her dogs than of her children--went with Ivan
+Baranoff to his ancestral home near Orsk.
+
+Though accustomed to the cold, Tina found the climate of Orsk almost
+more than she could bear. Her husband's house, which occupied an
+extremely solitary position on the confines of a gloomy forest, some few
+miles from the town, was a large, grey stone building full of dark
+winding passages and dungeon-like rooms. The furniture was scant, and
+the rooms, with the exception of those devoted to herself, her husband
+and the children, which were covered with crimson drugget, were
+carpetless. A more barren, inhospitable looking house could not be
+imagined, and the moment Tina entered it, her spirits sank to zero. The
+atmosphere of the place frightened her the most. It was not that it was
+merely forlorn and cheerless, but there was a something in it that
+reminded her of the smell of the animal houses in the Zoological Gardens
+in Moscow, and a something she could not analyse--a something which she
+concluded must be peculiar to the house. The children were very much
+upset. The sight of the dark entrance hall and wide, silent staircases,
+bathed in gloom, terrified them.
+
+"Oh, mother!" they cried, clutching hold of Tina Baranoff and dragging
+her back, "we can never live here. Take us away at once. Look at those
+things. Whatever are they?" And they pointed to the shadows--queerly
+shaped shadows--that lay in thick clusters on the stairs and all around
+them.
+
+Tina did not know what to say. Her own apprehensions and the only too
+obvious terror of the dogs, whom she had literally to drive across the
+threshold, and who whined and cringed at her feet, confirming the
+children's fears, made it impossible for her to check them. Moreover,
+since leaving Moscow the warnings of her friends and relations had often
+come back to her. Though Ivan had never ceased to be kind, his conduct
+roused her suspicions. During the journey, which he had insisted should
+be performed in a droshky, he halted every evening directly the moon
+became invisible, and used to disappear regularly between dusk and
+sunrise. He would never tell her where he went or attempt to explain the
+oddness of his conduct, but when pressed by her would merely say:
+
+"It is a habit. I always like to roam abroad in the night-time--it would
+be very bad for my health if I did not."
+
+And this was all Tina could get out of him. She noticed, too, what her
+blind infatuation had prevented her observing before, that there was a
+fierce expression in his eyes when he set out on these nocturnal
+rambles, and that on his return the corners of his mouth and his long
+finger-nails were always smeared with blood. Furthermore, she noticed
+that although he was concerned about the appetites of herself and the
+children, he ate very little cooked food himself--never vegetables or
+bread--and would often furtively put a raw piece of meat into his mouth
+when he thought no one was looking.
+
+Tina hoped that these irregularities would cease on their arrival at the
+château, but, on the contrary, they rather increased, and she became
+greatly perturbed.
+
+The second night after their arrival, when she had been in bed some time
+and was nearly asleep, Tina, between her half-closed eyelids, watched
+her husband get out of bed, stealthily open the window, and drop from
+the sill. Some hours later she was again aroused. She heard the growl of
+a wolf--and immediately afterwards saw Ivan's grey-clad head at the
+window. He came softly into the room, and as he tiptoed across the floor
+to the washstand, Tina saw splashes of blood on his face and coat,
+whilst it dripped freely from his finger-tips. In the morning the news
+was brought her by the children that one of her favourite dogs was
+dead--eaten by some wild animal, presumably a wolf. Tina's position now
+became painful in the extreme. She was more than suspicious of her
+husband, and had no one--saving her children--in whom she could confide.
+The house seemed to be under a ban; no one, not even a postman or
+tradesman, ever came near it, and with the exception of the two
+servants, whose silent, gliding movements and light glittering eyes
+filled both her and her children with infinite dread, she did not see a
+soul.
+
+On four consecutive nights one of her four dogs was killed, each in
+precisely the same manner; and on each of these consecutive nights Tina
+watched Ivan surreptitiously leave the house and return all
+bloodstained, and accompanied by the distant howl of wolves. And on the
+day following the death of each dog respectively, Tina noticed the grey
+glinting eyes of the two servants become more and more earnestly fixed
+on the children and herself. At meal-times the eyes never left her; she
+was conscious of their scrutiny at every mouthful she took; and when she
+passed them in the passages, she instinctively felt their gaze following
+her steadily till she was out of sight. Sometimes, hearing a stealthy
+breathing outside her room, she would quickly open the door, demanding
+who was there; and she invariably caught one or other of the servants
+slinking away disconcerted, but still peeping at her furtively from
+under his long pointed eyebrows. When she spoke to them they answered
+her in harsh, curiously discordant tones, and usually only in
+monosyllables; but she never heard them converse with one another save
+in whispers--always in whispers. The house was now full of shadows--and
+whispers. They haunted her even in her sleep. For the first two or three
+days her husband had been communicative; but he gradually grew more and
+more taciturn, until at last he rarely said anything at all. He merely
+watched her--watched her wherever she went, and whatever she did; and he
+watched the children--particularly the children--with the same
+expression, the same undefinable secretive expression that harmonized so
+well with the shadows and whispers. And it was this treatment--the
+treatment she now received from her husband--that made Tina appreciate
+the company of her children. Before, they had been quite a tertiary
+consideration--Ivan had come first; then the dogs; and lastly, Hilda,
+Olga, and Peter. But this order was at length reversed; and on the death
+of the last of her pets, Hilda, Olga and Peter stood first. She spent
+practically every minute of the day with them; and, despite the
+protestations of her husband, converted her dressing-room into a bedroom
+for them. The first evening of their removal to their new quarters, Tina
+sat and played with them till one after another they fell asleep from
+sheer exhaustion. Then she sat beside them and examined them curiously.
+Hilda, the eldest, was lying composed and orderly, with pale cheek and
+smooth hair, her limbs straight, her head slightly bent, the bedclothes
+unruffled upon the regularly heaving chest. How pretty Hilda looked, and
+how odd it was that she, Tina, had never noticed the beauty of the child
+before! Why, with her fair complexion, delicate features, and perfectly
+shaped arms and hands she would undoubtedly one day take all Moscow by
+storm; and every one would say, "Do you know who that lovely girl is?
+She is the daughter of Tina--Tina Baranoff. [She shuddered at the name
+Baranoff.] No wonder she is beautiful!"
+
+Tina turned from Hilda to Olga. What a contrast, but not an unpleasant
+one--for Olga was pretty, too, though in a different style. What a
+sight!--defying all order and bursting all bounds, flushed, tumbled and
+awry--the round arms tossed up, the rosy face flung back, the bedclothes
+pushed off, the pillow flung out, the nightcap one way, the hair
+another--all that was disorderly and lovely by night, all that was
+unruly and winning by day. Tina--dainty, elegant, perfumed, manicured
+Tina--bent over untidy little Olga and kissed her.
+
+Then she turned to Peter, and, unable to resist the temptation, tickled
+his toes and woke him. When she had at last sent him to sleep again, it
+was almost dinner-time; and she had barely got into her dress when one
+of the servants rapped at the door to say that the meal was ready. The
+house was very large, and Tina had to pass through two halls and down a
+long corridor before reaching the room where the dinner was served.
+Rather to her relief than otherwise, her husband did not put in an
+appearance, and a note from him informed her that he had unexpectedly
+been called away on business and would not be able to return till late
+the following day.
+
+Tina did not enjoy her dinner. The soup had rather a peculiar flavour,
+but she knew it was useless to make any comment. The servants either
+could not or would not understand, and Ivan invariably upheld them in
+everything they did. Unable to bear the man's eyes continually fixed on
+her, she told him not to wait, and hurried through the meal so as to get
+him out of the way, and be left for the rest of the evening in peace.
+The big wood fire appealed to Tina--it was the only thing in that part
+of the house that seemed to have any life--and she resolved to sit by
+it, and, perhaps, skim through a book. Tina seldom read--in Moscow, all
+her evenings were spent at cards. She remembered, however, that somebody
+had told her repeatedly, and emphatically, that she ought to read
+Tolstoy's "Resurrection," and she had actually brought it with her. Now
+she would wade through it. But whether it was the heat of the fire, or
+the lateness of the hour, or both, her senses grew more and more drowsy,
+and before she had begun to read, she fell asleep.
+
+She was, at length, partially awakened by a loud noise. At first her
+sleepy senses paid little attention and she dozed on. But again she was
+roused. A noise which grew louder and louder at last compelled her to
+shake off sleep, and starting up, she opened the door and looked into
+the passage. A few streaks of moonlight, streaming through an iron
+grating high up in the wall, enabled her to see a tall figure stealing
+softly along the corridor, with its back towards her. The thing was so
+extraordinary that for a moment or so she fancied she must still be
+dreaming; but the cold night air blowing freely in her face speedily
+assured her that what she saw was grim reality. The thing was a
+monstrosity, a hideous hybrid of man and beast, and as she gazed at it,
+too horror-stricken to move, a second and third form exactly similar to
+it crept out from among the shadows against the wall and joined it. And
+Tina, yielding to a sudden fascination, followed in their wake. In this
+fashion they crossed the hall and ascended the staircase, Tina keeping
+well behind them. She knew where they were aiming for, and any little
+doubt that she might have had was set at rest, when they turned into the
+passage leading to her bedroom. A moaning cry of fear from one of the
+children told her that they, too, knew by intuition of their coming
+danger. Tina was now in an agony of mind as to what to do for the best.
+That the intention of these hideous creatures--be they what they
+might--phantasms or things of flesh and blood--was sinister, she had not
+the slightest doubt; but how could she prevent them getting at her
+children? The most she could do would be to shout to Hilda and tell her
+to lock the two doors. But would that keep them out? She opened her
+mouth and jerked out "Hilda!" She tried again, but her throat had
+completely dried up, and she could not articulate another syllable. The
+sound, however, though faint, had been sufficient to attract the
+attention of the hindermost creature. It turned, and the light from the
+moon, coming through the half-open door of her bedroom, shone on its
+glittering eyes and white teeth. It sprang towards her. With one
+convulsive bound Tina cleared the threshold of a room immediately behind
+her, dashed the door to--locked it--barred it--flung a chair against it;
+and stood in an agony, for which no words exist. She seemed to see, all
+in a moment, herself safe, and her children--not a door closed between
+them and those dreadful jaws! She then became stupefied with terror, and
+a strange, dinning sound, like the pulsation of her heart, filled her
+ears and shut out every sense.
+
+"It is a devil! a devil!" she repeated mechanically; and then, forcing
+herself out of the trance-like feeling that oppressed her, she combated
+with the cowardice that prevented her rushing out--if only to die in an
+attempt to save her children. She had not realized till then that it was
+possible to care for them more even--much more even--than she had cared
+for her dogs. She placed one hand on the lock, and looked round for some
+weapon of defence. There was not a thing she could use--not a stanchion
+to the window, not a rod to the bed. And even if there had been, how
+futile in her puny grip! She glanced at her tiny white fingers with
+their carefully trimmed and polished nails, and smiled--a grim smile of
+irony. Then she placed her ear against the panels of the door and
+listened--and from the other side came the sound of heavy panting and
+the stealthy movement of hands. Suddenly a scream rang out, so clear and
+vibrating, so full of terror, that her heart stood still and her blood
+congealed. It was Hilda! Hilda shrieking "Mother!" There it was again,
+"Mother! Mother! Help! Help!" Then a series of savage snarls and growls
+and more shrieks--the combined shrieks of all three children. Shrieks
+and growls were then mingled together in one dreadful, hideous
+pandemonium, which all of a sudden ceased, and was succeeded by the loud
+crunching and cracking of bones. At last that, too, ceased, and Tina
+heard footsteps rapidly approaching her door. For a moment the room and
+everything in it swam round her. She felt choked; the dinning in her
+ears came again, it beat louder and louder and completely paralysed her.
+A crash on the door panel, however, abruptly restored her faculties, and
+the idea of escaping by the window for the first time entered her mind.
+If her husband could use the window as a means of exit, why couldn't
+she? Not a second was to be lost--the creatures outside were now
+striving their utmost to get in. It was the work of a moment to throw
+open the window, and almost before she knew she had opened it, she found
+herself standing on the ground beneath. The night had grown darker; she
+could not see the path; she knew that she was losing time, and yet that
+all depended on her haste; she felt fevered with impatience, yet torpid
+with terror. At length she disengaged herself from the broken, uneven
+soil on to which she had dropped, and struggled forward. On and on she
+went, not knowing where her next step would land her, and dreading every
+moment to hear the steps of her pursuers. The darkness of the night
+favoured her, and by dodging in and out the bushes and never keeping to
+the same track, although still keeping a forward course, she
+successfully eluded her enemies, whose hoarse cries gradually grew
+fainter and fainter. By good luck she reached the high road, which
+eventually brought her to Orsk; and there she sought shelter in a hotel.
+In the morning, on learning from the landlord that a friend of hers, a
+Colonel Majendie, was in the town, Tina sought him out, and into his
+sympathizing ears poured the story of her adventures.
+
+Now it so happened that a priest of the name of Rappaport, a friend of
+the Colonel's, came in before Tina had finished her story, and on being
+told what had happened, declared that Ivan Baranoff and his servants had
+long been suspected of being werwolves. He then begged that before
+anything was done to them he might be allowed to try his powers of
+exorcism. The Colonel ridiculed the idea, but in the end was persuaded
+to postpone his visit to the château till the evening, and to go there
+with an escort, a quartette of his most trusted soldiers, and
+accompanied by his friend the Rev. Father Rappaport. Accordingly, at
+about nine o'clock the party set out, and, on arriving at the house,
+found it in total darkness and apparently deserted.
+
+But they had not waited long before a series of savage growls from the
+adjacent thicket put them on their guard, and almost immediately
+afterwards three werwolves stalked across the path and prepared to enter
+the house. At a word from the Colonel the soldiers leaped forward, and
+after a most desperate scuffle, in which they were all more or less
+badly mauled, succeeded in securing their quarry. In more civilized
+parts of the country the police would have been called in, but here,
+where that good old law, "Might is right," still held good, a man in the
+Colonel's position could do whatever he deemed most expedient, and
+Colonel Majendie had made up his mind that justice should no longer be
+delayed. The château had borne an ill reputation for generations. From
+time immemorial Ivan Baranoff's ancestors had been suspected of
+lycanthropy, and this last deed of the family was their crowning
+atrocity.
+
+"You may exorcize the devils first," the Colonel grimly remarked to the
+priest, wiping the blood off his sleeves. "We will hang and quarter the
+brutes afterwards."
+
+To this the holy Father willingly agreed, for he did not care what
+happened so long as his exorcism was successful.
+
+The rites that were performed in connexion with this ceremony (and which
+I understand are those most commonly observed in exorcizing all manner
+of evil spirits) were as follows:--
+
+A circle of seven feet radius was drawn on the ground in white chalk. At
+the centre of the circle were inscribed, in yellow chalk, certain
+magical figures representing Mercury, and about them was drawn, in white
+chalk, a triangle within a circle of three feet radius--the centre of
+the circle being the same as that of the outer circle. Within this inner
+circle were then placed the three captive werwolves. It would be well to
+explain here that in exorcism, as well as in the evocation of spirits,
+great attention must be paid to the position of the stars, as astrology
+exercises the greatest influence on the spirit world. The present
+occasion, the reverend Father pointed out, was specially favourable for
+the casting out of devils, since from 8.32 p.m. to 9.16 p.m. was under
+the dominion of the great angel Mercury--the most bitter opponent of
+all evil spirits; that is to say, Mercury was in 17° [Gemini symbol] on
+the cusp of Seventh House, slightly to south of due west.
+
+     [waxing crescent Moon symbol] going to [Mars symbol] with
+         [Mercury symbol] in 14° [Gemini symbol]
+     [Mercury symbol] to [Mars symbol] [Neptune symbol] [Mercury
+         symbol] 130° [Saturn symbol]
+
+Round the outer circle the reverend Father now proceeded to place, at
+equal intervals, hand-lamps, burning olive oil. He then erected a rude
+altar of wood, about a foot to the southeast of the circumference of the
+inner circle. Exactly opposite this altar, and about 1-1/2 feet to the
+far side of the circumference of the inner circle, he ordered the
+soldiers to build a fire, and to place over it a tripod and pot, the
+latter containing two pints of pure spring water.
+
+He then prepared a mixture consisting of these ingredients:--
+
+     2 drachms of sulphur.
+     1/2 oz. of castoreum.
+     6 drachms of opium.
+     3 drachms of asafoetida.
+     1/2 oz. of hypericum.
+     3/4 oz. of ammonia.
+     1/2 oz. of camphor.
+
+When this was thoroughly mixed he put it in the water in the pot, adding
+to it a portion of a mandrake root, a live snake, two live toads in
+linen bags, and a fungus. He then bound together, with red tape, a wand
+consisting of three sprigs taken, respectively, from an ash, birch, and
+white poplar.
+
+He next proceeded to pray, kneeling in front of the altar; and continued
+praying till the unearthly cries of the toads announced the fact that
+the water, in which they were immersed, was beginning to boil. Slowly
+getting up and crossing himself, he went to the fire, and dipping a cup
+in the pot, solemnly approached the werwolves, and slashing them
+severely across the head with his wand, dashed in their faces the
+seething liquid, calling out as he did so: "In the name of Our Blessed
+Lady I command thee to depart. Black, evil devils from hell, begone!
+Begone! Again I say, Begone!" He repeated this three times to the
+vociferous yells of the smarting werwolves, who struggled so frantically
+that they succeeded in bursting their bonds, and, leaping to their feet,
+endeavoured to escape into the bushes. The soldiers at once rose in
+pursuit and the priest was left alone. He had got rid of the flesh and
+blood, and he presumed he had got rid of the devils. But that remained
+to be proved.
+
+In the chase that ensued one of the werwolves was shot, and,
+simultaneously with death, metamorphosis into the complete form of a
+huge grey wolf took place. The other two eluded their pursuers for some
+time, but were eventually tracked owing to the discovery of the
+half-eaten remains of an old woman and two children in a cave. True to
+their lupine natures,[91:1] they showed no fight when cornered, and a
+couple of well-directed bullets put an end to their existence--the same
+metamorphosis occurring in their case as in the case of their companion.
+With the death of the three werwolves the château, one would naturally
+have thought, might have emerged from its ban. But no such thing. It
+speedily acquired a reputation for being haunted.
+
+And that it was haunted--haunted not only by werwolves but by all sorts
+of ghastly phantasms--I have no doubt.
+
+I was told, not long ago, that Tina, whose property it became, pulled it
+down, and that another house, replete with every modern luxury--but
+equally haunted[91:2]--now marks the site of the old château.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[91:1] The wolf and puma, alone among savage animals, give in directly
+they are brought to bay.
+
+[91:2] The hauntings in houses are often due to something connected with
+the ground on which the houses are built.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES
+
+
+It is commonly known that there were once wolves in Great Britain and
+Scotland. Whilst history tells us of a king who tried to get rid of them
+by offering so much for every wolf's head that was brought to him, we
+read in romance how Llewellyn slew Gelert, the faithful hound that,
+having slain the wolf, saved his infant's life; and tradition has handed
+down to us many other stories of them. But the news that werwolves, too,
+once flourished in these climes will come as a surprise to many.
+
+Yet Halliwell, quoting from a Bodleian MS., says: "Ther ben somme that
+eten chyldren and men, and eteth noon other flesh fro that tyme that
+thei be a-charmed with mannys flesh for rather thei wolde be deed; and
+thei be cleped werewolfes for men shulde be war of them."
+
+Nor is this the only reference to them in ancient chronicles, for
+Gervase of Tilbury, in his "Otia Imperiala," writes:--
+
+"Vidimus enim frequenter in Anglia per lunationes homines in lupos
+mutari, quod hominum genus gerulphos Galli nominant, Angli vero
+were-wulf dicunt." And Richard Verstegan, in his "Restitution of Decayed
+Intelligence," 1605, says: "The were-wolves are certain sorcerers who
+having anointed their bodies with an ointment which they make by the
+instinct of the devil, and putting on a certain enchanted girdle, do not
+only unto the view of others seem as wolves, but to their own thinking
+have both the shape and nature of wolves, so long as they wear the said
+girdle; and they do dispose themselves as very wolves in worrying and
+killing, and eating most of human creatures."
+
+In my investigations of haunted houses and my psychical research work
+generally, I have come across much that I believe to be good evidence in
+support of the testimony of these writers. For instance, in localities
+once known to have been the favourite haunts of wolves, I have met
+people who have informed me they have seen phantasms, in shape half
+human and half beast, that might well be the earth-bound spirits of
+werwolves.
+
+A Miss St. Denis told me she was once staying on a farm, in
+Merionethshire, where she witnessed a phenomenon of this class. The
+farm, though some distance from the village, was not far off the railway
+station, a very diminutive affair, with only one platform and a mere box
+that served as a waiting-room and booking-office combined. It was,
+moreover, one of those stations where the separate duties of
+station-master, porter, booking-clerk, and ticket-collector are
+performed by one and the same person, and where the signal always
+appears to be down. As the platform commanded the only paintable view in
+the neighbourhood, Miss St. Denis often used to resort there with her
+sketch-book. On one occasion she had stayed rather later than usual, and
+on rising hurriedly from her camp-stool saw, to her surprise, a figure
+which she took to be that of a man, sitting on a truck a few yards
+distant, peering at her. I say to her surprise, because, excepting on
+the rare occasion of a train arriving, she had never seen anyone at the
+station besides the station-master, and in the evening the platform was
+invariably deserted. The loneliness of the place was for the first time
+brought forcibly home to her. The station-master's tiny house was at
+least some hundred yards away, and beyond that there was not another
+habitation nearer than the farm. On all sides of her, too, were black,
+frowning precipices, full of seams and fissures and inequalities,
+showing vague and shadowy in the fading rays of the sun. Here and there
+were the huge, gaping mouths of gloomy slate quarries that had long been
+disused, and were now half full of foul water. Around them the earth was
+heaped with loose fragments of rock which had evidently been detached
+from the principal mass and shivered to pieces in the fall. A few trees,
+among which were the black walnut, the slippery elm, and here and there
+an oak, grew among the rocks, and attested by their dwarfish stature the
+ungrateful soil in which they had taken root. It was not an exhilarating
+scene, but it was one that had a peculiar fascination for Miss St.
+Denis--a fascination she could not explain, and which she now began to
+regret. The darkness had come on very rapidly, and was especially
+concentrated, so it seemed to her, round the spot where she sat, and she
+could make nothing out of the silent figure on the truck, save that it
+had unpleasantly bright eyes and there was something queer about it. She
+coughed to see if that would have any effect, and as it had none she
+coughed again. Then she spoke and said, "Can you tell me the time,
+please?" But there was no reply, and the figure still sat there staring
+at her. Then she grew uneasy and, packing up her things, walked out of
+the station, trying her best to look as if nothing had occurred. She
+glanced over her shoulder; the figure was following her. Quickening her
+pace, she assumed a jaunty air and whistled, and turning round again,
+saw the strange figure still coming after her. The road would soon be at
+its worst stage of loneliness, and, owing to the cliffs on either side
+of it, almost pitch dark. Indeed, the spot positively invited murder,
+and she might shriek herself hoarse without the remotest chance of
+making herself heard. To go on with this _outré_ figure so unmistakably
+and persistently stalking her, was out of the question. Screwing up
+courage, she swung round, and, raising herself to her full height,
+cried: "What do you want? How dare you?"--She got no further, for a
+sudden spurt of dying sunlight, playing over the figure, showed her it
+was nothing human, nothing she had ever conceived possible. It was a
+nude grey thing, not unlike a man in body, but with a wolf's head. As it
+sprang forward, its light eyes ablaze with ferocity, she instinctively
+felt in her pocket, whipped out a pocket flash-light, and pressed the
+button. The effect was magical; the creature shrank back, and putting
+two paw-like hands in front of its face to protect its eyes, faded into
+nothingness.
+
+She subsequently made inquiries, but could learn nothing beyond the
+fact that, in one of the quarries close to the place where the phantasm
+had vanished, some curious bones, partly human and partly animal, had
+been unearthed, and that the locality was always shunned after dusk.
+Miss St. Denis thought as I did, that what she had seen might very well
+have been the earth-bound spirit of a werwolf.
+
+The case of another haunting of this nature was related to me last year.
+A young married couple of the name of Anderson, having acquired, through
+the death of a relative, a snug fortune, resolved to retire from
+business and spend the rest of their lives in indolence and ease. Being
+fond of the country, they bought some land in Cumberland, at the foot of
+some hills, far away from any town, and built on it a large two-storied
+villa.
+
+They soon, however, began to experience trouble with their servants, who
+left them on the pretext that the place was lonely, and that they could
+not put up with the noises that they heard at night. The Andersons
+ridiculed their servants, but when their children remarked on the same
+thing they viewed the matter more seriously. "What are the noises like?"
+they inquired. "Wild animals," Willie, the eldest child, replied. "They
+come howling round the window at night and we hear their feet patter
+along the passage and stop at our door." Much mystified, Mr. and Mrs.
+Anderson decided to sit up with the children and listen. They did so,
+and between two and three in the morning were much startled by a noise
+that sounded like the growling of a wolf--Mr. Anderson had heard wolves
+in Canada--immediately beneath the window. Throwing open the window, he
+peered out; the moon was fully up and every stick and stone was plainly
+discernible; but there was now no sound and no sign of any animal. When
+he had closed the window the growling at once recommenced, yet when he
+looked again nothing was to be seen. After a while the growling ceased,
+and they heard the front door, which they had locked before coming
+upstairs, open, and the footsteps of some big, soft-footed animal ascend
+the stairs. Mr. Anderson waited till the steps were just outside the
+room and then flung open the door, but the light from his acetylene lamp
+revealed a passage full of moonbeams--nothing else.
+
+He and his wife were now thoroughly mystified. In the morning they
+explored the grounds, but could find no trace of footmarks, nothing to
+indicate the nature of their visitant. It was now close on Christmas,
+and as the noises had not been heard for some time, it was hoped that
+the disturbances would not occur again. The Andersons, like all modern
+parents, made idols of their children. They never did wrong, nothing was
+too good for them, and everything they wanted they had. At Christmas,
+perhaps, their authority was more particularly in evidence; at any rate,
+it was then that the greatest care was taken that the menu should be in
+strict accordance with their instructions. "What shall Santa Claus bring
+you this time, my darlings?" Mr. Anderson asked, a week or so before the
+great day arrived; and Willie, aged six, at once cried out: "What a fool
+you are, daddy! It is all tosh about old Claus, there's no such person!"
+
+"Wait and see!" Mr. Anderson meekly replied. "You mark my words, he will
+come into your room on Christmas Eve laden with presents."
+
+"I don't believe it!" Willie retorted. "You told us that silly tale last
+year and I never saw any Claus!"
+
+"He came when you were asleep, dearie," Mrs. Anderson ventured to
+remark.
+
+"Well! I'll keep awake this time!" Willie shouted.
+
+"And we'll take the presents first and pinch old Claus afterwards,"
+Violet Evelyn, the second child, joined in.
+
+"And I'll prick his towsers wif pins!" Horace, aged three and a half,
+echoed. "I don't care nothink for old Santa Claus!" and he pulled a long
+nose in the manner his doting father had taught him.
+
+Christmas Eve came at last--a typical old-fashioned Christmas with heaps
+of snow on the ground and frost on the window-panes and trees. The
+Andersons' house was warm and comfortable--for once in a way the windows
+were shut--and enormous fires blazed merrily away in the grates. Whilst
+the children spent most of the day viewing the good things in the larder
+and speculating how much they could eat of each, and which would taste
+the nicest, Mr. Anderson rehearsed in full costume the rôle of Santa
+Claus. He had an enormous sack full of presents--everything the children
+had demanded--and he meant to enter their room with it on his shoulder
+at about twelve o'clock.
+
+Tea-time came, and during the interval between that meal and supper all
+hands--even Horace's--were at work, decorating the hall and staircases
+with holly and mistletoe. After supper "Good King Wencelas," "Noël," and
+one or two other carols were sung, and the children then decided to go
+to bed.
+
+It was then ten o'clock; and exactly two hours later their father,
+elaborately clad as Santa Claus, and staggering, in the orthodox
+fashion, beneath a load of presents, shuffled softly down the passage
+leading to their room. The snow had ceased falling, the moon was out,
+and the passage flooded with a soft, phosphorescent glow that threw into
+strong relief every minute object. Mr. Anderson had got half-way along
+it when on his ears there suddenly fell a faint sound of yelping! His
+whole frame thrilled and his mind reverted to the scenes of his
+youth--to the prairies in the far-off West, where, over and over again,
+he had heard these sounds, and his faithful Winchester repeater had
+stood him in good service. Again the yelping--this time nearer. Yes! it
+was undoubtedly a wolf; and yet there was an intonation in that yelping
+not altogether wolfish--something Mr. Anderson had never heard before,
+and which he was consequently at a loss to define. Again it rang
+out--much nearer this time--much more trying to the nerves, and the cold
+sweat of fear burst out all over him. Again--close under the wall of the
+house--a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry that ended in a whine so
+piercing that Mr. Anderson's knees shook. One of the children, Violet
+Evelyn he thought, stirred in her bed and muttered: "Santa Claus! Santa
+Claus!" and Mr. Anderson, with a desperate effort, staggered on under
+his load and opened their door. The clock in the hall beneath began to
+strike twelve. Santa Claus, striving hard to appear jolly and genial,
+entered the room, and a huge grey, shadowy figure entered with him. A
+slipper thrown by Willie whizzed through the air, and, narrowly missing
+Santa Claus, fell to the ground with a clatter. There was then a deathly
+silence, and Violet and Horace, raising their heads, saw two strange
+figures standing in the centre of the room staring at one another--the
+one figure they at once identified by the costume. He was Santa
+Claus--but not the genial, rosy-cheeked Santa Claus their father had
+depicted. On the contrary, it was a Santa Claus with a very white face
+and frightened eyes--a Santa Claus that shook as if the snow and ice had
+given him the ague. But the other figure--what was it? Something very
+tall, far taller than their father, nude and grey, something like a man
+with the head of a wolf--a wolf with white pointed teeth and horrid,
+light eyes. Then they understood why it was that Santa Claus trembled;
+and Willie stood by the side of his bed, white and silent. It is
+impossible to say how long this state of things would have lasted, or
+what would eventually have happened, had not Mrs. Anderson, anxious to
+see how Santa Claus was faring, and rather wondering why he was gone so
+long, resolved herself to visit the children's room. As the light from
+her candle appeared on the threshold of the room the thing with the
+wolf's head vanished.
+
+"Why, whatever were you all doing?" she began. Then Santa Claus and the
+children all spoke at once--whilst the sack of presents tumbled unheeded
+on the floor. Every available candle was soon lighted, and mother and
+father and Willie, Violet and Horace all spent the remainder of that
+night in close company. On the following day it was proposed, and
+carried unanimously, that the house should be put up for sale. This was
+done at the earliest opportunity, and fortunately for the Andersons
+suitable tenants were soon found. Before leaving, however, Mr. Anderson
+made another and more exhaustive search of the grounds, and discovered,
+in a cave in the hills immediately behind the house, a number of bones.
+Amongst them was the skull of a wolf, and lying close beside it a human
+skeleton, with only the skull missing. Mr. Anderson burnt the bones,
+hoping that by so doing he would rid the house of its unwelcome visitor;
+and, as his tenants so far have not complained, he believes that the
+hauntings have actually ceased.
+
+A lady whom I met at Tavistock some years ago told me that she had seen
+a phantasm, which she believed to be that of a werwolf, in the Valley of
+the Doones, Exmoor. She was walking home alone, late one evening, when
+she saw on the path directly in front of her the tall grey figure of a
+man with a wolf's head. Advancing stealthily forward, this creature was
+preparing to spring on a large rabbit that was crouching on the ground,
+apparently too terror-stricken to move, when the abrupt appearance of a
+stag bursting through the bushes in a wild state of stampede caused it
+to vanish. Prior to this occurrence, my informant had never seen a
+ghost, nor had she, indeed, believed in them; but now, she assures me,
+she is quite convinced as to their existence, and is of the opinion that
+the sub-human phenomenon she had witnessed was the spirit of one of
+those werwolves referred to by Gervase of Tilbury and Richard
+Verstegan--werwolves who were still earthbound owing to their
+incorrigible ferocity.
+
+This opinion I can readily endorse, adding only that, considering the
+number of werwolves there must once have been in England, it is a matter
+of some surprise to me that phantasms are not more frequently seen.
+
+Here is another account of this type of haunting narrated to me some
+summers ago by a Mr. Warren, who at the time he saw the phenomenon was
+staying in the Hebrides, which part of the British Isles is probably
+richer than any other in spooks of all sorts.
+
+"I was about fifteen years of age at the time," Mr. Warren said, "and
+had for several years been residing with my grandfather, who was an
+elder in the Kirk of Scotland. He was much interested in geology, and
+literally filled the house with fossils from the pits and caves round
+where we dwelt. One morning he came home in a great state of excitement,
+and made me go with him to look at some ancient remains he had found at
+the bottom of a dried-up tarn. 'Look!' he cried, bending down and
+pointing at them, 'here is a human skeleton with a wolf's head. What do
+you make of it?' I told him I did not know, but supposed it must be some
+kind of monstrosity. 'It's a werwolf!' he rejoined, 'that's what it is.
+A werwolf! This island was once overrun with satyrs and werwolves! Help
+me carry it to the house.' I did as he bid me, and we placed it on the
+table in the back kitchen. That evening I was left alone in the house,
+my grandfather and the other members of the household having gone to the
+kirk. For some time I amused myself reading, and then, fancying I heard
+a noise in the back premises, I went into the kitchen. There was no one
+about, and becoming convinced that it could only have been a rat that
+had disturbed me, I sat on the table alongside the alleged remains of
+the werwolf, and waited to see if the noises would recommence. I was
+thus waiting in a listless sort of way, my back bent, my elbows on my
+knees, looking at the floor and thinking of nothing in particular, when
+there came a loud rat, tat, tat of knuckles on the window-pane. I
+immediately turned in the direction of the noise and encountered, to my
+alarm, a dark face looking in at me. At first dim and indistinct, it
+became more and more complete, until it developed into a very perfectly
+defined head of a wolf terminating in the neck of a human being. Though
+greatly shocked, my first act was to look in every direction for a
+possible reflection--but in vain. There was no light either without or
+within, other than that from the setting sun--nothing that could in any
+way have produced an illusion. I looked at the face and marked each
+feature intently. It was unmistakably a wolf's face, the jaws slightly
+distended; the lips wreathed in a savage snarl; the teeth sharp and
+white; the eyes light green; the ears pointed. The expression of the
+face was diabolically malignant, and as it gazed straight at me my
+horror was as intense as my wonder. This it seemed to notice, for a
+look of savage exultation crept into its eyes, and it raised one hand--a
+slender hand, like that of a woman, though with prodigiously long and
+curved finger-nails--menacingly, as if about to dash in the window-pane.
+Remembering what my grandfather had told me about evil spirits, I
+crossed myself; but as this had no effect, and I really feared the thing
+would get at me, I ran out of the kitchen and shut and locked the door,
+remaining in the hall till the family returned. My grandfather was much
+upset when I told him what had happened, and attributed my failure to
+make the spirit depart to my want of faith. Had he been there, he
+assured me, he would soon have got rid of it; but he nevertheless made
+me help him remove the bones from the kitchen, and we reinterred them in
+the very spot where we had found them, and where, for aught I know to
+the contrary, they still lie."
+
+The peasant class in all parts of the British Isles are so sensitive to
+ridicule, and so suspicious of being "got at," that it is very difficult
+to extract any information from them with regard to the superphysical.
+At first they invariably deny their belief in spirits, and it is only by
+dint of the utmost persuasion unaccompanied by any air of
+patronage--which the Celtic peasant detests--that one is finally able to
+loosen their tongues as to uncanny occurrences, hauntings, and rumours
+of hauntings, in their neighbourhood. In eliciting information of this
+nature, I have, I think, by reason of my tactful manner, often succeeded
+where others have failed.
+
+In a village at the foot of Ben MacDhui a shepherd of the name of Colin
+Graeme informed me that he remembered hearing his grandfather, who died
+at the age of ninety, speak of an old man called Tam McPherson whom
+he--the grandfather--had known intimately as a boy. This old man, so
+Colin's grandfather said, had perfect recollections of a man in the
+village called Saunderson being suspected of being a werwolf. He used to
+describe Saunderson as "a mon with evil, leerie eyes, and eyebrows that
+met in a point over his nose"; and went on to say that Saunderson lived
+in a cave in the mountains where his forefathers, also suspected of
+being werwolves, had lived before him, and that when on
+his--Saunderson's--death this cave was visited by some of the villagers,
+a quantity of queer bones--some human and some belonging to wolves--were
+discovered lying in corners, partially covered with stones and loose
+earth.
+
+I have heard similar stories in Wales, and have been conducted to one or
+two spots, one near Iremadac and the other on the Epynt Hills, where,
+local tradition still has it, werwolves once flourished.
+
+According to legend St. Patrick turned Vereticus, a Welsh king, into a
+wolf, whilst the werwolf daughter of a Welsh prince was said to have
+destroyed her father's enemies during her nocturnal metamorphoses. In
+Ireland, too, are many legends of werwolves; and it is said of at least
+some half-dozen of the old families that at some period--as the result
+of a curse--each member of the clan was doomed to be a wolf for seven
+years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE
+
+
+In no country has the werwolf flourished as in France, where it is known
+as the _loup garou_; where it has existed in all parts, in every age,
+and where it is even yet to be found in the more remote districts. Hence
+one could fill a dozen volumes with the stories, many of them well
+authenticated, of French werwolves. As far back as the sixth century we
+hear of them infesting the woods and valleys of Brittany and Burgundy,
+the Landes, and the mountainous regions of the Côte d'Or and the
+Cevennes.
+
+Occasionally a werwolf would break into a convent and make its meal off
+the defenceless nuns; occasionally it would select for its repast some
+nice fat abbot waddling unsuspectingly home to his monastery.
+
+Not all these werwolves were evilly disposed people; many, on the
+contrary, were exceedingly virtuous, and owed their metamorphosis to
+the vengeance of witch or wizard. When this was the case their piety
+sometimes prevailed to such an extent that not even metamorphosis into
+wolfish form could render it ineffective; and there are instances where
+werwolves of this type have not only refrained from taking human life,
+but have actually gone out of their way to protect it. Of such
+instances, well authenticated, probably none would be more remarkable
+than those I am about to narrate.
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE ABBOT GILBERT, OF THE ARC MONASTERY, ON THE BANKS OF THE
+LOIRE
+
+Gilbert had been to a village fair, where the good vintage and hot sun
+combined had proved so trying that on his way home, through a dense and
+lonely forest, he had gone to sleep and been thrown from his horse. In
+falling he had bruised and cut himself so prodigiously that the blood
+from his wounds attracted to the spot a number of big wild cats. Taken
+at a strong disadvantage, and without any weapons to defend himself,
+Gilbert would soon have fallen a victim to the ferocity of these savage
+creatures had it not been for the opportune arrival of a werwolf. A
+desperate battle at once ensued, in which the werwolf eventually gained
+the victory, though not without being severely lacerated.
+
+Despite Gilbert's protestations, for he was loath to be seen in such
+strange company, the werwolf accompanied him back to the monastery,
+where, upon hearing the Abbot's story, it was enthusiastically welcomed
+and its wounds attended to. At dawn it was restored to its natural
+shape, and the monks, one and all, were startled out of their senses to
+find themselves in the presence of a stern and awesome dignitary of the
+Church, who immediately began to lecture the Abbot for his unseemly
+conduct the previous day, ordering him to undergo such penance as
+eventually, robbing him of half his size and all his self-importance,
+led to his resignation.
+
+
+THE CASE OF ROLAND BERTIN
+
+André Bonivon, the hero of the other incident, was eminently a man of
+war. He commanded a schooner called the "Bonaventure," which was engaged
+in harassing the Huguenot settlements along the shores of the Gulf of
+Lions, during the reign of Louis XIV. On one of his marauding
+expeditions Bonivon sailed up an estuary of the Rhone rather further
+than he had intended, and having no pilot on board, ran ashore in the
+darkness. A thunderstorm came on; a general panic ensued; and Bonivon
+soon found himself struggling in a whirlpool. Powerful swimmer though he
+was, he would most certainly have been drowned had not some one come to
+his assistance, and, freeing him from the heavy clothes which weighed
+him down, dragged him on dry land. The moment Bonivon got on _terra
+firma_, sailor-like, he extended his hand to grip that of his rescuer,
+when, to his dismay and terror, instead of a hand he grasped a huge
+hairy paw.
+
+Convinced that he was in the presence of the Devil, who doubtless highly
+approved of the thousand and one atrocities he had perpetrated on the
+helpless Huguenots, he threw himself on his knees and implored the
+forgiveness of Heaven.
+
+His rescuer waited awhile in grim silence, and then, lifting him gently
+to his feet, led him some considerable distance inland till they arrived
+at a house on the outskirts of a small town.
+
+Here Bonivon's conductor halted, and, opening the door, signed to the
+captain to enter. All within was dark and silent, and the air was
+tainted with a sickly, pungent odour that filled Bonivon with the
+gravest apprehensions. Dragging him along, Bonivon's guide took him into
+a room, and leaving him there for some seconds, reappeared carrying a
+lantern. Bonivon now saw for the first time the face of his
+conductor--it was that of a werwolf. With a shriek of terror Bonivon
+turned to run, but, catching his foot on a mat, fell sprawling on the
+floor.
+
+Here he remained sobbing and shaking with fear till he was once more
+taken by the werwolf and set gently on his feet.
+
+To Bonivon's surprise a tray full of eatables was standing on the table,
+and the werwolf, motioning to him to sit down, signed to him to eat.
+
+Being ravenously hungry, Bonivon "fell to," and, despite his fears--for
+being by nature alive to, and, by reason of his calling, forced to guard
+against the treachery of his fellow creatures, he more than half
+suspected some subtle design underlying this act of kindness--demolished
+every particle of food. The meal thus concluded, Bonivon's benefactor
+retired, locking the door after him.
+
+No sooner had the sound of his steps in the stone hall ceased than
+Bonivon ran to the window, hoping thereby to make his escape. But the
+iron bars were too firmly fixed--no matter how hard he pulled, tugged
+and wrenched, they remained as immovable as ever. Then his heart began
+to palpitate, his hair to bristle up, and his knees to totter; his
+thoughts were full of speculations as to how he would be killed and what
+it would feel like to be eaten alive. His conscience, too, rising up in
+judgment against him, added its own paroxysms of dismay, paroxysms which
+were still further augmented by the finding of the dead body of a woman,
+nude and horribly mutilated, lying doubled up and partly concealed by a
+curtain. Such a discovery could not fail to fill his heart with
+unspeakable horror; for he concluded that he himself, unless saved by a
+miracle--a favour he could hardly hope for, considering his past
+conduct--would undergo the same fate before morning. At a loss to know
+what else to do, he sat upon the corner of the table, resting his chin
+on the palms of his hands, and engaged in anticipations of the most
+frightful nature.
+
+Shortly after dawn he heard the sound of footsteps approaching the room;
+the door slowly began to open: a little wider and a little wider, and
+then, when Bonivon's heart was on the point of bursting, it suddenly
+swung open wide, and the cold, grey dawn falling on the threshold
+revealed not a werwolf, but--a human being: a man in the unmistakable
+garb of a Huguenot minister!
+
+The reaction was so great that Bonivon rolled off the table and went
+into paroxysms of ungovernable laughter.
+
+At length, when he had sobered down, the Huguenot, laying a hand on his
+shoulder, said: "Do you know now where you are? Do you recognize this
+room? No! Well, I will explain. You are in the house of Roland Bertin,
+and the body lying over yonder is that of my wife, whom your crew
+barbarously murdered yesterday when they sacked this village. They took
+me with them, and it was your intention to have me tortured and then
+drowned as soon as you got to sea. Do you know me now?"
+
+Bonivon nodded--he could not have spoken to save his life.
+
+"Bien!" the minister went on. "I am a werwolf--I was bewitched some
+years ago by the woman Grénier, Mère Grénier, who lives in the forest at
+the back of our village. As soon as it was dark I metamorphosed; then
+the ship ran ashore, and every one leaped overboard. I saw you drowning.
+I saved you."
+
+The captain again made a fruitless effort to speak, and the Huguenot
+continued:--
+
+"Why did I save you?--you, who had been instrumental in murdering my
+wife and ruining my home! Why? I do not know! Had I preferred for you a
+less pleasant death than drowning, I could have taken you ashore and
+killed you. Yet--I did not, because it is not in my nature to destroy
+anything. I have never in my life killed an animal, nor, to my
+knowledge, an insect; I love all life--animal life and vegetable
+life--everything that breathes and grows. Yet I am a Huguenot!--one of
+the race you hate and despise and are paid to exterminate. Assassin, I
+have spared you. Be not ungenerous. Spare others."
+
+The captain was moved. Still speechless, he seized the minister's hands
+and wrung them. And from that hour to the day of his death--which was
+not for many years afterwards--the Huguenots had no truer friend than
+André Bonivon.
+
+
+WERWOLVES AND WITCHES
+
+Other instances of werwolves of a benignant nature are to be found in
+the "Bisclaveret" in Marie de France's poem, composed in 1200 A.D.; and
+in the hero of "William and the Werwolf" (translated from the French
+about 1350).
+
+To inflict the evil property of werwolfery upon those against whom
+they--or some other--bore a grudge was, in the Middle Ages, a method of
+revenge frequently resorted to by witches; and countless knights and
+ladies were thus victimized. Nor were such practices confined to ancient
+times; for as late as the eighteenth century a case of this kind of
+witchcraft is reported to have happened in the vicinity of Blois.
+
+In a village some three miles from Blois, on the outskirts of a forest,
+dwelt an innkeeper called Antonio Cellini, who, as the name suggests,
+was of Italian origin. Antonio had only one child, Beatrice, a very
+pretty girl, who at the time of this story was about nineteen years of
+age. As might be expected, Beatrice had many admirers; but none were so
+passionately attached to her as Herbert Poyer, a handsome youth, and one
+Henri Sangfeu, an extremely plain youth. Beatrice--and one can scarcely
+blame her for it--preferred Herbert, and with the whole-hearted approval
+of her father consented to marry him. Sangfeu was not unnaturally upset;
+but, in all probability, he would have eventually resigned himself to
+the inevitable, had it not been for a village wag, who in an idle moment
+wrote a poem and entitled it
+
+     "_Sansfeu the Ugly; or, Love Unrequited._"
+
+The poem, which was illustrated with several clever caricatures of the
+unfortunate Henri and contained much caustic wit, took like wildfire in
+the village; and Henri, in consequence, had a very bad time. Eventually
+it was shown to Beatrice, and it was then that the climax was reached.
+Although Henri was present at the moment, unable to restrain herself,
+she went into peals of laughter at the drawings, saying over and over
+again: "How like him--how very like! His nose to a nicety! It is
+certainly correct to style him Sansfeu--for no one could call him
+Sansnez!"
+
+Her mirth was infectious; every one joined in; only Henri slunk away,
+crimson with rage and mortification. He hated Beatrice now as much as he
+had loved her before; and he thirsted only for revenge.
+
+Some distance from the village and in the heart of the forest lived an
+old woman known as Mère Maxim, who was said to be a witch, and,
+therefore, shunned by every one. All sorts of unsavoury stories were
+told of her, and she was held responsible for several outbreaks of
+epidemics--hitherto unknown in the neighbourhood--many accidents, and
+more than one death.
+
+The spot where she lived was carefully avoided. Those who ventured far
+in the forest after nightfall either never came back at all or returned
+half imbecile with terror, and afterwards poured out to their affrighted
+friends incoherent stories of the strange lights and terrible forms they
+had encountered, moving about amid the trees. Up to the present Henri
+had been just as scared by these tales as the rest of the villagers; but
+so intense was his longing for revenge that he at length resolved to
+visit Mère Maxim and solicit her assistance. Choosing a morning when the
+sun was shining brightly, he screwed up his courage, and after many bad
+scares finally succeeded in reaching her dwelling--or, I might say, her
+shanty, for by a more appropriate term than the latter such a
+queer-looking untidy habitation could not be described. To his
+astonishment Mère Maxim was by no means so unprepossessing as he had
+imagined. On the contrary, she was more than passably good-looking, with
+black hair, rosy cheeks, and exceedingly white teeth. What he did not
+altogether like were her eyes--which, though large and well shaped, had
+in them an occasional glitter--and her hands, which, though remarkably
+white and slender, had very long and curved nails, that to his mind
+suggested all sorts of unpleasant ideas. She was becomingly dressed in
+brown--brown woolly garments, with a brown fur cap, brown stockings, and
+brown shoes ornamented with very bright silver buckles. Altogether she
+was decidedly chic; and if a little incongruous in her surroundings,
+such incongruity only made her the more alluring; and as far as Henri
+was concerned rather added to her charms.
+
+At all events, he needed no second invitation to seat himself by her
+side in the chimney-corner, and his heart thumped as it had never
+thumped before when she encouraged him to put his arm round her waist
+and kiss her. It was the first time a woman had ever suffered him to
+kiss her without violent protestations and avowals of disgust.
+
+"You are not very handsome, it is true," Mère Maxim remarked, "but you
+are fat--and I like fat young men," and she pinched his cheeks playfully
+and patted his hands. "Are you sure no one knows you have come to see
+me?" she asked.
+
+"Certain!" Henri replied; "I haven't confided in a soul; I haven't even
+so much as dropped a hint that I intended seeing you."
+
+"That is good!" Mère Maxim said. "Tell no one, otherwise I shall not be
+able to help you. Also, on no account let the girl Beatrice think you
+bear her animosity. Be civil and friendly to her whenever you meet; then
+give her, as a wedding present, this belt and box of bonbons." So
+saying, she handed him a beautiful belt composed of the skin of some
+wild animal and fastened with a gold buckle, and a box of delicious pink
+and white sugarplums. "Do not give her these things till the marriage
+eve," she added, "and directly you have given them come and see
+me--always observing the greatest secrecy." She then kissed him, and he
+went away brimming over with passion for her, and longing feverishly for
+the hour to arrive when he could be with her again.
+
+All day and all night he thought of her--of her gay and sparkling
+beauty, of her kisses and caresses, and the delightful coolness of her
+thin and supple hands. His mad infatuation for her made him oblivious
+to the taunts and jeers of the villagers, who seldom saw him without
+making ribald allusion to the poem.
+
+"There goes Sansfeu! alias Monsieur Grosnez!" they called out. "Why
+don't you cut off your nose for a present to mademoiselle? She would
+then have no need to buy a kitchen poker. Ha! ha! ha!" But their coarse
+wit fell flat. Henri hardly heard it--all his thoughts, his burning
+love, his unquenchable passion, were centred in Mère Maxim: in spirit he
+was with her, alone with her, in the innermost recesses of the grim,
+silent forest.
+
+The marriage eve came; he handed Beatrice the presents, and ere she had
+time to thank him--for the magnificence of the belt rendered her
+momentarily speechless--he had flown from the house, and was hurrying as
+fast as his legs could carry him to his tryst. The shadows of night were
+already on the forest when he entered it; and the silence and solitude
+of the place, the indistinct images of the trees, and their dismal
+sighing, that seemed to foretell a storm, all combined to disturb his
+fancy and raise strange spectres in his imagination. The shrill hooting
+of an owl, as it rustled overhead, caused him an unprecedented shock,
+and the great rush of blood to his head made him stagger and clutch
+hold of the nearest object for support. He had barely recovered from
+this alarm when his eyes almost started out of their sockets with fright
+as he caught sight of a queer shape gliding silently from tree to tree;
+and shortly afterwards he was again terrified--this time by a pale face,
+whether of a human being or animal he could not say, peering down at him
+from the gnarled and fantastic branches of a gigantic oak. He was now so
+frightened that he ran, and queer--indefinably queer footsteps ran after
+him, and followed him persistently until he reached the shanty, when he
+heard them turn and leap lightly away.
+
+On this occasion, the occurrence of Henri's second visit, Mère Maxim was
+more captivating than ever. She was dressed with wonderful effect all in
+white. She wore sparkling jewels at her throat and waist, buckles of
+burnished gold on her shoes; her teeth flashed like polished ivory, and
+her nails like agates. Henri was enraptured. He fell on his knees before
+her, he caught her hands and covered them with kisses.
+
+"How nice you look to-day, my sweetheart," she said; "and how fat! It
+does my heart good to see you. Come in, and sit close to me, and tell me
+how you have fared."
+
+She led him in, and after locking and barring the door, conducted him
+to the chimney-corner. And there he lay in her arms. She fondled him;
+she pressed her lips on his, and gleefully felt his cheeks and arms. And
+after a time, when, intoxicated with the joy of it all, he lay still and
+quiet, wishing only to remain like that for eternity, she stooped down,
+and, fetching a knot of cord from under the seat, began laughingly to
+bind his hands and feet. And at each turn and twist of the rope she
+laughed the louder. And when she had finished binding his arms and legs
+she made him lie on his back, and lashed him so tightly to the seat
+that, had he possessed the strength of six men, he could not have freed
+himself.
+
+Then she sat beside him, and moving aside the clothes that covered his
+chest and throat, said:--
+
+"By this time Beatrice--pretty Beatrice, vain and sensual Beatrice, the
+Beatrice you once loved and admired so much--will have worn the belt,
+will have eaten the sweets. She is now a werwolf. Every night at twelve
+o'clock she will creep out of bed and glide about the house and village
+in search of human prey, some bonny babe, or weak, defenceless woman,
+but always some one fat, tender, and juicy--some one like you." And
+bending low over him, she bared her teeth, and dug her cruel nails deep
+into his flesh. A flame from the wood fire suddenly shot up. It
+flickered oddly on the figure of Mère Maxim--so oddly that Henri
+received a shock. He realized with an awful thrill that the face into
+which he peered was no longer that of a human being; it was--but he
+could no longer think--he could only gaze.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS
+
+
+Throughout the Middle Ages, and even in the seventeenth century, trials
+for lycanthropy were of common occurrence in France. Among the most
+famous were those of the Grandillon family in the Jura, in 1598; that of
+the tailor of Châlons; of Roulet, in Angers; of Gilles Garnier, in Dôle,
+in 1573; and of Jean Garnier, at Bordeaux, in 1603. The last case was,
+perhaps, the most remarkable of all. Garnier, who was only fourteen
+years of age, was employed in looking after cattle. He was a handsome
+lad, with dark, flashing eyes and very white teeth. As soon as it was
+time for the metamorphosis to take place he used to go into some lonely
+spot, and then, in the guise of a wolf, return, and run to earth
+isolated women and children. One of his favourite haunts was a thicket
+close to a pool of water. Here he used to lie and watch for hours at a
+time. Once he surprised two girls bathing. One escaped, and fled home
+naked, but the other he flung on the ground, and having shaken her into
+submission, devoured a portion of her one day, and the rest of her the
+next. He confessed to having eaten over fifty children. Nor did he
+always confine himself to attacking the solitary few and defenceless;
+for on several occasions, when hard pressed by hunger, he assailed a
+whole crowd, and was once severely handled by a pack of young girls who
+successfully drove him off with sharply pointed stakes. Far from wishing
+to conceal his guilt, Jean Garnier was most eager to tell everything,
+and to a court thronged with eager, attentive people, he related in the
+most graphic manner possible his sanguinary experiences. One old woman,
+he said, whom he found alone in a cottage, showed extraordinary agility
+in trying to escape. She raced round tables, clambered over chairs,
+crawled under a bed, and finally hid in a cupboard and held the door so
+fast that he had to exert all his force to open it. "And then," he
+added, "in spite of all my trouble she proved to be as tough as
+leather----" and he made a grimace that provoked much laughter.
+
+He complained bitterly of one child. "It made such a dreadful noise,"
+he said, "when I lifted it out of its crib, and when I got ready for my
+first bite it shrieked so loud it almost deafened me."
+
+The name Grénier, like that of Garnier, was closely associated with
+lycanthropy, and in Blois, where there were more instances of
+lycanthropy than in any other part of France, every one called Grénier
+or Garnier was set down as a werwolf.
+
+Amongst the Vaudois lycanthropy was also widely prevalent, and many of
+these werwolves were brought to trial and executed.
+
+
+THE CASE OF SERGEANT BERTRAND
+
+The case of Sergeant Bertrand, which is the last authenticated case of
+this kind, occurred in 1847, when, on the 10th of July, an investigation
+was held before a military council presided over by Colonel Manselon.
+For some months the cemeteries in and around Paris had been the scenes
+of frightful violations, the culprits (or culprit), in some
+extraordinary manner, eluding every attempt made to ensnare them. At one
+time the custodians of the cemeteries were suspected, then the local
+police, and for a brief space suspicion fell even on the relations of
+the dead. The first burial-place to be so mysteriously visited was the
+Cemetery of Père Lachaise. Here, at night, those in charge declared
+they saw a strange form, partly human and partly animal, glide about
+from tomb to tomb. Try how they would they could not catch it--it always
+vanished--vanished just like a phantom directly they came up to it; and
+the dogs when urged to seize it would only bark and howl, and show
+indications of the most abject terror.
+
+Always when morning broke the ravages of this unsavoury visitant were
+only too plainly visible--graves had been dug up, coffins burst open,
+and the contents nibbled, and gnawed, and scattered all over the ground.
+Expert medical opinion was sought, but with no fresh result. The
+doctors, too, were agreed that the mutilations of the dead were produced
+by the bites of what certainly seemed to be human teeth.
+
+The sensation caused by this announcement was without parallel; and one
+and all, old and young, rich and poor, were wanting to know whatever
+sort of being it could be that possessed so foul an appetite. The watch
+was doubled; all to no purpose. A young soldier was arrested, but on
+declaring he had merely entered the cemetery to meet a friend, and
+exhibiting no evidences of guilt, was let go.
+
+At length the violation ceased in Père Lachaise and broke out elsewhere.
+A little girl, greatly beloved by her relatives and friends, died, and
+a big concourse of people attended the funeral. On the following
+morning, to the intense indignation of every one, the grave was
+discovered dug up, the coffin forced open, and the body half eaten. In
+its wild fury at such an unheard-of atrocity the public called loudly
+for the culprit. The father of the dead girl was first of all arrested,
+but his innocence being quickly established, he was set free. Every
+means was then taken to guard against any recurrence, but in spite of
+all precautions the same thing happened again shortly afterwards; and
+happened repeatedly. The fact that the cemetery was surrounded by very
+high walls, and that iron gates, which were always kept shut, formed the
+only legitimate entrance, added to the mystery, and made it seem
+impossible that any creature of solid flesh and blood could be
+responsible for the outrages.
+
+Having observed that at one place, in particular, the wall, though
+nearly ten feet high, showed signs of having been frequently scaled, an
+old army officer set a trap there, consisting of a wire connected with
+an explosive, which was so arranged that no one could climb over the
+wall without treading on the wire and causing an explosion.
+
+A strong posse of detectives kept watch, and at midnight a loud report
+was heard. The detectives were not, however, as quick as their quarry.
+They saw a man, or what they took to be a man, and fired at him, but he
+was gone like a flash of lightning, scaling the wall with the agility of
+a monkey. Finding a trail of blood, however, and pieces of torn uniform
+accompanying the bloodstains, they concluded that the enemy was wounded,
+and that the marauder was, moreover, a soldier.
+
+Still, it is doubtful whether his identity would have been proved, had
+not one of the grave-diggers of the cemetery chanced to overhear some
+sappers of the 74th Regiment remark that on the preceding night one of
+their comrades--a sergeant--had been conveyed to the military hospital
+of Val de Grâce badly wounded. The matter was at once inquired into, and
+the wounded soldier, Sergeant Bertrand, was found to be the author of
+the long series of hideous violations. Bertrand freely confessed his
+guilt, declaring that he was driven to it against his own will by some
+external force he could not define, and which allowed him no peace. He
+had, he said, in one night exhumed and bitten as many as fifteen bodies.
+He employed no implements, but tore up the soil after the manner of a
+wild beast, paying no heed to the bruising and laceration of his hands
+so long as he could get at the dead. He could not describe what his
+sensations were like when he was thus occupied; he only knew that he
+was not himself but some ravenous, ferocious animal. He added, that
+after these nocturnal expeditions he invariably fell into a profound
+sleep, often before he could get home, and that always, during that
+sleep, he was conscious of undergoing peculiar metamorphosis. When
+interrogated, he informed the court of inquiry that, as a child, he
+preferred the company of all kinds of animals to that of his fellow
+creatures, and that in order to get in close touch with his four-footed
+friends he used to frequent the most solitary and out-of-the-way
+places--moors, woods, and deserts. He said that it was immediately after
+one of these excursions that he first experienced the sensation of
+undergoing some great change in his sleep, and that the following
+evening, when passing close to a cemetery where the grave-diggers were
+covering a body that had just been interred, yielding to a sudden
+impulse, he crept in and watched them. A sharp shower of rain
+interrupting their labours, they went away, leaving their task
+unfinished. "At the sight of the coffin," Bertrand said, "horrible
+desires seized me; my head throbbed, my heart palpitated, and had it not
+been for the timely arrival of friends I should have then and there
+yielded to my inclinations. From that time forth I was never
+free--these terrible cravings invariably came on directly after sunset."
+
+Medical men who examined Bertram unanimously gave it as their opinion
+that he was sane, and could only account for his extraordinary nocturnal
+actions by the supposition that he must be the victim of some strange
+monomania. His companions, with whom he was most popular, all testified
+to his amiability and lovable disposition. In the end he was sentenced
+to a year's imprisonment, and after his release was never again heard
+of. There can, I think, be little doubt, from what he himself said, that
+he was in reality a werwolf. His preference for the society of animals
+and love of isolated regions; his sudden fallings asleep and sensations
+of undergoing metamorphosis, though that metamorphosis was spiritual and
+metaphysical only, which is very often the case, all help to
+substantiate that belief.
+
+
+VAMPIRISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+It has been asserted that Bertrand was a vampire; but there are
+absolutely no grounds for associating him with vampirism. A vampire is
+an Elemental that under certain conditions inhabits a dead body, whether
+human or otherwise; and, thus incarcerated, comes out of a grave at
+night to suck the blood of a living person. It never touches the dead.
+
+A werwolf has already been defined. It has an existence entirely
+separate from the vampire. The werwolf feeds on both the living and
+dead, which it bites and mangles after the nature of all beasts of prey.
+
+Vampirism is infectious; every one who has been sucked by a vampire, on
+physical dissolution, becomes a vampire, and remains one until his
+corpse is destroyed in a certain prescribed manner. Lycanthropy is not
+infectious.
+
+There are many well-authenticated cases of vampirism in France and
+Germany. In a newspaper published in the reign of Louis XV there
+appeared an announcement to the effect that Arnold Paul, a native of
+Madveiga, being crushed to death by a wagon and buried, had since become
+a vampire, and that he had been previously bitten by one. The
+authorities being informed of the terror his visits were occasioning,
+and several people having died with all the symptoms of vampirism, his
+grave was opened; and although he had been dead forty days his body was
+like that of a very full-blooded, living man.
+
+Following the mode of exorcism traditionally observed on such occasions,
+a stake was driven into the corpse, whereupon it uttered a frightful
+cry--half human and half animal; after which its head was cut off, and
+trunk and head burned. Four other bodies which had died from the
+consequences of the bites, and which were found in the same perfectly
+healthy condition, were served in a similar manner; and it was hoped
+these vigorous measures would end the mischief. But no such thing; cases
+of deaths from the same cause--_i.e._, loss of blood--still continued,
+and five years afterwards became so rife that the authorities were
+compelled to take the matter up for the second time. On this occasion
+the graves of many people, of all ages and both sexes, were opened, and
+the bodies of all those suspected of plaguing the living by their
+nocturnal visits were found in the vampire state--full almost to
+overflowing with blood, and free from every symptom of death. On their
+being served in the same manner as the corpse of Arnold Paul the
+epidemic of vampirism ceased, and no more cases of it have since been
+reported as occurring in that district. A rumour of these proceedings
+reaching the ears of Louis XV, he at once ordered his Minister at Vienna
+to report upon them. This was done. The documents forwarded to the King
+(and which are still in existence) give a detailed account of all the
+occurrences to which I have referred. They bear the date of June 7,
+1732, and are signed and witnessed by three surgeons and several other
+persons.
+
+The facts, which are indubitable, point to no other satisfactory
+explanation saving that of vampirism--an explanation that finds ample
+corroboration in thousands of like cases reported, at one time or
+another, in every country in Eastern Europe.
+
+
+GHOULISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+Sergeant Bertrand has also been declared a ghoul. Ghoulism bears a
+somewhat closer resemblance than vampirism to lycanthropy. A ghoul is an
+Elemental that visits any place where human or animal remains have been
+interred. It digs them up and bites them, showing a keen liking for
+brains, which it sucks in the same manner as a vampire sucks blood.
+
+Ghouls either remain in spirit form or steal the bodies of living
+beings--living beings only--either human or animal. They can only do
+this when the spirit of the living person, during sleep (either natural
+or induced hypnotically), is separated from the material body; or, in
+other words, when the spirit is projected. The ghoul then pounces on the
+physical body, and, often refusing to restore it to its rightful owner,
+the latter is compelled to roam about as a phantasm for just so long a
+time as the ghoul chooses to inhabit the body it has stolen.
+
+
+THE CASE OF CONSTANCE ARMANDE, GHOUL
+
+_À propos_ of ghouls, the following incident was related to me as having
+occurred recently in Brittany. A young girl named Constance Armande, in
+a good station of life, much against the wishes of her family, took up
+spiritualism and constantly attended séances. At these séances she
+witnessed all sorts of phenomena--some in all probability produced by
+mere trickery on the part of the medium or a confederate, whilst
+others were, without doubt, the manifestations of _bona fide_
+spirits--earthbound phantasms of the lowest and most undesirable
+order--murderers, lunatics, Vice Elementals, and ghouls. It is most
+unwise to risk coming in contact with such spirits, for when they have
+once made your acquaintance they will attach themselves to you, and are
+got rid of only with the greatest difficulty. They were most unremitting
+in their persecution of Constance Armande; they followed her home, and
+were always rapping on the walls of her room and disturbing and annoying
+her. In short, she got no peace, either asleep or awake. In the night
+she would often wake up screaming, and in an agony of mind rush into her
+parents' room and implore their protection, declaring she had dreamed in
+the most vivid manner possible that frightful-looking creatures, too
+awful for her to describe, were trying to prevent her awaking in order
+to keep her with them always. She told a spiritualist, and he informed
+her that such dreams were not in reality dreams at all, but
+projections--that she had, at séances, acquired the power of projection;
+and, having no control over that power, she projected herself
+unconsciously, the projection almost always taking place in her sleep.
+
+A medical expert was also consulted, and in accordance with his advice
+Constance Armande went to the seaside and resorted to every kind of
+pleasure--balls, concerts, and theatres. But the annoyances still
+continued, and she was seldom permitted to rest a whole night without
+being disturbed in a most harrowing manner.
+
+Being a really beautiful girl, she had countless admirers, and
+eventually she became engaged to Alphonse Mabane, the only son of a very
+wealthy widow.
+
+Shortly before the day fixed for their marriage Madame Mabane was seized
+with a fit of apoplexy and died. Every one, especially Constance
+Armande, was overwhelmed with grief, whilst preparations were made for a
+most impressive funeral.
+
+On the afternoon of the day preceding that on which the funeral was to
+take place Constance, complaining of a bad headache, went to lie down
+on her bed, and two hours later strange footsteps were heard coming out
+of her room and bounding down the stairs. Wondering who it could be,
+Madame Armande ran to look, and was astonished beyond measure to see
+Constance--but a Constance she hardly knew--a Constance with the glitter
+of a ferocious beast in her eyes, and a grim, savage expression in the
+corners of her mouth. She did not appear to notice her mother, but
+passed her by with a light, stealthy tread, utterly unlike her usual
+walk, crossed the hall, and went out at the front door. Madame Armande
+was too startled to try and intercept her, or even to make any remark,
+and returned to the drawing-room greatly agitated. As hour after hour
+passed and Constance did not come home, her alarm increased, and she
+mentioned the incident to her husband, who caused immediate inquiries to
+be made. Just about the hour the family usually retired to rest there
+came a violent ring at the front-door bell. It was Alphonse Mabane, pale
+and ghastly.
+
+"Have you found her?" Monsieur and Madame Armande cried, catching hold
+of him in their agitation, and dragging him into the hall.
+
+Alphonse nodded. "Let me sit down a moment first," he gasped. "It will
+give me time to collect my senses. My nerves are all to pieces!"
+
+He sank into a chair, and, burying his face in his hands, shook
+convulsively. Monsieur and Madame Armande stood and watched him in
+agonized silence. After some minutes--to the Armandes it seemed an
+eternity--spent in this fashion, Alphonse raised his head. "Your
+servant," he said, "came to my house at nine o'clock and asked if
+Mademoiselle Constance was with me. I said 'No,' that I had not seen her
+all day, and was much alarmed when I was informed that she had left home
+early in the afternoon and had not yet returned. I said I would join in
+the search for her, and was in my bedroom putting on my overcoat, when
+there came a tap at my door, and Jacques, my valet, with a face as white
+as a sheet, begged me to go with him upstairs. He led me to the door of
+my mother's room, where she lay in her coffin, not yet screwed down.
+'Hark!' he whispered, touching me on the sleeve, 'do you hear that?'
+
+"I listened, and from the interior of the room came a curious noise like
+munching--a steady gnaw, gnaw, gnaw. 'I heard it just now,' he
+whispered, 'when I was going to shut the landing window--and other
+sounds, too. Hush!'
+
+"I held my breath, and heard distinctly the swishing and rustling of a
+dress.
+
+"'Have you been in?' I asked.
+
+"He shook his head. 'I daren't,' he whispered. 'I wouldn't go in by
+myself if you were to offer me a million pounds,' and he trembled so
+violently that he had to lean against me for support.
+
+"A great terror then seized me, and bidding Jacques follow, I crept
+downstairs and summoned the rest of the servants. Armed with sticks and
+lights, we then went in a body to my mother's room, and throwing open
+the door, rushed in.
+
+"The lid of the coffin was off, the corpse was lying huddled up on the
+floor, and crouching over it was Constance. For God's sake don't ask me
+to describe more--the sounds we heard explained everything. When she saw
+us she emitted a series of savage snarls, sprang at one of the maids,
+scratched her in the face, and before we could stop her, flew downstairs
+and out into the street. As soon as our shocked senses had sufficiently
+recovered we started off in pursuit, but have not been able to find the
+slightest trace of her."
+
+At the conclusion of Monsieur Mabane's story the search was continued.
+The police were summoned, and a general hue and cry raised, with the
+result that Constance was eventually found in a cemetery digging
+frantically at a newly made grave.
+
+At last brought to bay in the chase that ensued, fortunately for her
+and for all concerned, she plunged into a river, was swept away by the
+current, and drowned.
+
+This case of Constance Armande seems to me to be clearly a case of
+ghoulism. What the spiritualist had told her was correct--she had
+projected herself unconsciously, and the hideous things she imagined
+were phantoms in a dream were Elementals--ghouls--her projected spirit
+encountered on the superphysical plane.
+
+After sundry efforts to steal her body when she was thus separated from
+it, one of them had at length succeeded, and, incarcerated in her
+beautiful frame, had hastened to satisfy its craving for human carrion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+WERWOLVES IN GERMANY
+
+
+No country in the world is richer in stories of everything appertaining
+to the supernatural than Germany. The Rhine is the favourite river of
+nymphs and sirens, to whose irresistible and fatal fascinations so many
+men have fallen victims. Along its shores are countless haunted castles,
+in its woods innumerable terrifying phantoms.
+
+The werwolf, however, seems to have confined itself almost entirely to
+the Harz Mountains, where it was formerly most common and more dreaded
+than any other visitant from the Unknown. But of these werwolves many of
+the best authenticated cases have been told so often, that it is
+difficult for me to alight on any that is not already well known.
+Perhaps the following, though as striking as any, may be new to at least
+a few of my readers.
+
+
+THE CASE OF HERR HELLEN AND THE WERWOLVES OF THE HARZ MOUNTAINS
+
+Two gentlemen, named respectively Hellen and Schiller, were on a walking
+tour in the Harz Mountains, in the early summer of the year 1840, when
+Schiller, slipping down, sprained his ankle and was unable to go on.
+They were some miles from any village, in the centre of an extensive
+forest, and it was beginning to get dark.
+
+"Leave me here," cried the injured man to his friend, "while you see if
+you can discover any habitation. I have been told these woods are full
+of charcoal-burners' and wood-cutters' huts, so that if you walk
+straight ahead for a mile or two, you are very likely to come across
+one. Do go, there's a good fellow, and if you are too tired to return
+yourself, send some one to carry me."
+
+Hellen did not like leaving his comrade in such a dreary spot, alone and
+helpless, but as Schiller was persistent he at length yielded, and
+stepping briskly out, advanced along the track that had brought them
+hither. Once or twice he halted, fancying he heard voices, and several
+times his heart pulsated wildly at what he took to be the cry of a
+wolf--for neither Schiller nor he had no weapons excepting
+sheath-knives. At last he came to an open spot hedged in on all sides
+by gloomy pines, the shadows from which were beginning to fall thick and
+fast athwart the vivid greensward. It was one of those places--they are
+to be found in pretty nearly every country--studiously avoided by local
+woodsmen as the haunt of all manner of evil influences. Hellen
+recognized it as such the moment he saw it, but as it lay right across
+his path, and time was pressing, he had no alternative but to keep
+boldly on. He was half-way across the spot when he was startled by a
+groan, and looking in the direction of the sound, he saw a man seated on
+the ground endeavouring to bandage his hand. Wondering why he had not
+observed him before, but thankful to meet some one at last, Hellen went
+up to him and asked what was the matter.
+
+"I've broken my wrist," the man replied. "I was gathering sticks for my
+fire to-morrow when I heard the howl of a wolf, and in my anxiety to
+escape a conflict with the brute I climbed this tree. As I descended one
+of the branches gave way, and I fell down with all my weight on my right
+arm. Will you see if you can bind it for me? I'm a bit awkward with my
+left hand."
+
+"I will do my best," Hellen said, and kneeling beside the man, he took
+off the bandages and wrapped them round again. "There," he exclaimed,
+"I think that is better--at least it is the best I can do."
+
+The stranger was now most profuse in his thanks, and when Hellen
+informed him of Schiller's condition, at once cried out, "You must both
+come to my cottage; it is only a short distance from here. Let us hasten
+thither now, and my daughter, who is very strong, shall go back with you
+and help you carry your friend. We are not rich, but we can make you
+both fairly comfortable, and all we have shall be at your disposal. But
+I wonder if you know what you have incurred by coming to this spot at
+this hour?"
+
+"Why, no," Hellen said, laughing. "What?"
+
+"The gratification of two wishes--the first two wishes you make! Of
+course, you will say it is all humbug, but, believe me, very queer
+things do happen in this forest. I have experienced them myself."
+
+"Well!" Hellen replied, laughing more heartily than before, "if I wish
+anything at all it is that my wife were here to see how beautifully I
+have bandaged your wrist."
+
+"Where is your wife?" the stranger inquired.
+
+"At Frankfort, most likely taking a final peep at the children in bed
+before retiring to rest herself!" Hellen said, still laughing.
+
+"Then you have children!" the stranger ejaculated, evidently
+interested.
+
+"Yes, three--all girls--and such bonny girls, too. Marcella, Christina,
+and Fredericka. I wish I had them here for you to see."
+
+"I should much like to see them, certainly," the stranger said. "And now
+you have told me so much of interest about yourself, let me tell you
+something of my own history in exchange. My name is Wilfred Gaverstein.
+I am an artist by profession, and have come to live here during the
+summer months in order to paint nature--nature as it really is--in all
+its varying moods. Nature is my only god--I adore it. I don't believe in
+souls. I love the trees and flowers and shrubs, the rivulets, the
+fountains, the birds and insects."
+
+"Everything but the wolves!" Hellen remarked jocularly. Hardly, however,
+had he spoken these words before he had reason to alter his tone. "Great
+heavens! do you hear that?" he cried. "There is no mistake about it this
+time. It is a wolf, or may I never live to hear one again."
+
+"You are right, friend," Wilfred said. "It is a wolf, and not very far
+away, either. Come, we must be quick," and thrusting his arm through
+that of Hellen, he hurried him along. After some minutes' fast walking
+they came in sight of a neatly thatched whitewashed cottage, at the
+entrance to which two women and several children were collected. "That's
+my home," Wilfred said.
+
+"And that's my wife!" Hellen cried, rubbing his eyes to make sure he was
+not dreaming. "God in heaven, what's the meaning of it all? My wife and
+children--all three of them! Am I mad?"
+
+"It is merely the answer to your wishes," Wilfred rejoined calmly. "See,
+they recognize you and are waving."
+
+As one in a sleep Hellen now staggered forward, and was soon in the
+midst of his family, who, rushing up to him, implored him to explain
+what had happened, and how on earth they came to be there.
+
+"I am just as much at sea as you are," Hellen said, feeling them each in
+turn to make sure it was really they. "It's an insoluble mystery to me."
+
+"And to us, too," they all cried. "A few minutes ago we were in our beds
+in Frankfort, and then suddenly we found ourselves here--here in this
+dreadful looking forest. Oh, take us away, take us home, do!"
+
+Hellen was in despair. It was all like a hideous nightmare to him. What
+was he to do?
+
+"You must be my guests for to-night, at all events," Wilfred said; "and
+in the morning we will discuss what is to be done. Fortunately we have
+enough room to accommodate you all. There is food in abundance. Let me
+introduce you to my daughter Marguerite," and the next moment Hellen
+found himself shaking hands with a girl of about twenty years of age.
+She was clad in what appeared to be a travelling dress, deeply bordered
+with white fur, and wore a most becoming cap of white ermine. Her feet
+were shod in long, pointed, and very elegant buckskin shoes, adorned
+with bright silver buckles. Her hair, which was yellow and glossy, was
+parted down the middle, and waved in a most becoming fashion low over
+the forehead and ears; and her features--at least so Hellen
+thought--were very beautiful. Her mouth, though a trifle large, had very
+daintily cut lips, and was furnished with unusually white and even
+teeth. But there was a peculiar furtive expression in her eyes, which
+were of a very pretty shape and colour, that aroused Hellen's curiosity,
+and made him scrutinize her carefully. Her hands were noticeably long
+and slender, with tapering fingers and long, almond-shaped, rosy nails,
+that glittered each time they caught the rays of the fast fading
+sunlight. Hellen's first impression of her was that she was marvellously
+beautiful, but that there was a something about her that he did not
+understand--a something he had never seen in anyone before, a something
+that in an ugly woman might have put him on his guard, but in this face
+of such surpassing beauty a something he seemed only too ready to
+ignore. Hellen was a good, and up to the present, certainly, a faithful
+husband, but he was only a man after all, and the more he looked at the
+girl the more he admired her.
+
+At a word from Wilfred, Marguerite smilingly led the way indoors, and
+showed the guests two bedrooms, small but exquisitely clean. There was a
+double bed in one, and two single ones in the other. The bed-linen was
+of the very finest material, and white as snow.
+
+"I think," Wilfred remarked, "two of the girls can squeeze in one
+bed--they are neither of them very big--though it does my heart good to
+see them so bonny."
+
+"And mine, too," Marguerite joined in, patting the three children on the
+cheeks in turn, and drawing them to her and caressing them.
+
+Mrs. Hellen, still dazed, and apparently hardly realizing what was
+happening, stammered out her thanks, and the party then descended to the
+kitchen to partake of a substantial supper that was speedily prepared
+for them.
+
+"Had you not better go and look for your friend now?" Wilfred observed,
+just as Hellen was about to seat himself beside his wife and children.
+"Marguerite will go with you, and on your return the three of you can
+have your meal in here after the children have gone to bed."
+
+Hellen readily assented, and kissing his wife and little ones, who
+tearfully implored him not to be gone long, set out, accompanied by
+Marguerite.
+
+At each step they took, Marguerite's beauty became more irresistible.
+The soft rays of the moon falling directly on her features enhanced
+their loveliness, and Hellen could not keep his eyes off her. The
+ominous cry of a night bird startled her; she edged timidly up to him;
+and he had to exert all his self-control, so eager was he to clasp her
+to him. In a strained, unnatural manner he kept up a flow of small-talk,
+eliciting the information that she was an art student, and that she had
+studied in Paris and Antwerp, had exhibited in Munich and Turin, and was
+contemplating visiting London the following spring. They talked on in
+this strain until Hellen, remembering their mission, exclaimed:--
+
+"We must be very close to where I left Schiller. I will call to him."
+
+He did so--not once, but many times; and the reverberation of his voice
+rang out loud and clear in the silence of the vast, moon-kissed forest.
+But there was no response, nothing but the rustling of branches and the
+shivering of leaves.
+
+"What's that?" Marguerite suddenly cried, clutching hold of Hellen's
+arm. "There! right in front of us, lying on the ground. There!" and she
+indicated the object with her gleaming finger-tip.
+
+"It looks remarkably like Schiller," Hellen said. "Can he be asleep?"
+
+Quickening their pace, they speedily arrived at the spot. It was
+Schiller, or rather what had once been Schiller, for there was now very
+little left of him but the face and hands and feet; the rest had only
+too obviously been eaten. The spectacle was so shocking that for some
+minutes Hellen was too overcome to speak.
+
+"It must have been wolves!" he said at length. "I fancied I heard them
+several times. Would to God I had never left him! What a death!"
+
+"Horrible!" Marguerite whispered, and she turned her head away to avoid
+so harrowing a sight.
+
+"Well," Hellen observed in a voice broken with emotion, "it's no use
+staying here. We can't be of any service to him now. I will gather the
+remains together in the morning, and with the assistance of your father
+see that they are decently interred. Come! let us be going." And
+offering Marguerite his arm, they began to retrace their steps.
+
+For some time Hellen was too occupied with thoughts of his friend's
+cruel death to think of anything else, but the close proximity of
+Marguerite gradually made itself felt, and by the time they had reached
+the open clearing--the spot where he had encountered Wilfred--his
+passion completely overpowered him. Throwing discretion to the winds,
+and oblivious of wife, children, home, honour, everything save
+Marguerite--the lustre of her eyes and the dainty curving of her
+lips--he slipped his arm round her waist, and pressing her close to him,
+smothered her in kisses.
+
+"How dare you, sir!" she panted, slowly shaking herself free. "Aren't
+you ashamed of such behaviour? What would your wife say, if she knew?"
+
+"I couldn't help it," Hellen pleaded. "I'm not myself to-night. Your
+beauty has bewitched me, and I would risk anything to have you in my
+arms." He spoke so earnestly and looked at her so appealingly that she
+smiled.
+
+"I know I am beautiful," she said, and the intonation of her voice
+thrilled him to the very marrow of his bones. "Dozens of men have told
+me so. Consequently, since there seems to have been some excuse for
+you, I forgive you, only----," but before she could say another word,
+Hellen had again seized her, and this time he did not loosen his hold
+till from sheer exhaustion he could kiss her no more.
+
+"It's no use!" he panted. "I can't help it. I love you as I never loved
+a woman before, and if you were to ask me to do so I would go to Hell
+with you this very minute."
+
+"It is dangerous to express such sentiments here," Marguerite said.
+"Don't you know this spot is full of supernatural influences, and that
+the first two things you wish for will be granted?"
+
+"I have already wished," Hellen said. "I wished when I was here with
+your father."
+
+"Then wish again," Marguerite replied; "I assure you your wishes will be
+fulfilled." And again she looked at him in a way that sent all the blood
+in his body surging wildly to his head, and roused his passion in hot
+and furious rebellion against his reason.
+
+"I wish, then," he cried, seizing hold of her hands and pressing them to
+his lips--"I wish every obstacle removed that prevents my having you
+always with me--that is wish number one."
+
+"And wish number two?" the girl interrogated, her warm, scented breath
+fanning his cheeks and nostrils. "Won't you wish that you may be mine
+for ever? Always mine, mine to eternity!"
+
+"I will!" Hellen cried. "May I be yours always--yours to do what you
+like with--in this life and the next."
+
+"And now you shall have your reward," Marguerite exclaimed, clapping her
+hands gleefully. "I will kiss you of my own free will," and throwing her
+arms round his neck, she drew his head down to hers, and kissed him,
+kissed him not once but many times.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An hour later they left the spot and slowly made their way to the
+cottage. As they neared it, loud screams for help rent the air, and
+Hellen, to his horror, heard his wife and children--he could recognize
+their individual voices--shrieking to him to save them.
+
+In an instant he was himself again. All his old affection for home and
+family was restored, and with a loud answering shout he started to rush
+to their assistance. But Marguerite willed otherwise. With a dexterous
+movement of her feet she got in his way and tripped him, and before he
+had time to realize what was happening, she had flung herself on the top
+of him and pinioned him down.
+
+"No!" she said playfully, "you shall not go! You are mine, mine always,
+remember, and if I choose to keep you here with me, here you must
+remain."
+
+He strove to push her off, but he strove in vain; for the slender,
+rounded limbs he had admired so much possessed sinews of steel, and he
+was speedily reduced to a state of utter impotence.
+
+The shrieks from the cottage were gradually lapsing into groans and
+gurgles, all horribly suggestive of what was taking place, but it was
+not until every sound had ceased that Marguerite permitted Hellen to
+rise.
+
+"You may go now," she said with a mischievous smile, kissing him gaily
+on the forehead and giving his cheeks a gentle slap. "Go--and see what a
+lucky man you are, and how speedily your first wish has been gratified."
+
+Sick with apprehension, Hellen flew to the cottage. His worst
+forebodings were realized. Stretched on the floor of their respective
+rooms, with big, gaping wounds in their chests and throats, lay his wife
+and children; whilst cross-legged, on a chest in the kitchen, his dark
+saturnine face suffused with glee, squatted Wilfred.
+
+"Fiend!" shouted Hellen. "I understand it all now. I have been dealing
+with the Spirits of the Harz Mountains. But be you the Devil himself
+you shan't escape me," and snatching an axe from the wall, he aimed a
+terrific blow at Wilfred's head.
+
+The weapon passed right through the form of Wilfred, and Hellen, losing
+his balance, fell heavily to the ground. At this moment Marguerite
+entered.
+
+"Fool!" she cried; "fool, to think any weapon can harm either Wilfred or
+me. We are phantasms--phantasms beyond the power of either Heaven or
+Hell. Come here!"
+
+Impelled by a force he could not resist, Hellen obeyed--and as he gazed
+into her eyes all his blind infatuation for her came back.
+
+"We must part now," she said; "but only for a while--for remember, you
+belong to me. Here is a token"--and she thrust into his hand a wisp of
+her long, golden hair. "Sleep on it and dream of me. Do not look so sad.
+I shall come for you without fail, and by this sign you shall know when
+I am coming. When this mark begins to heal," she said, as, with the nail
+on the forefinger of the right hand, she scratched his forehead, "get
+ready!"
+
+There was then a loud crash--the room and everything in it swam before
+Hellen's eyes, the floor rose and fell, and sinking backwards he
+remembered no more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When he recovered he was lying in the centre of the haunted plot. There
+was nothing to be seen around him except the trees--dark lofty pines
+that, swaying to and fro in the chill night breeze, shook their sombre
+heads at him. A great sigh of relief broke from him--his experiences of
+course had only been a dream. He was trying to collect his thoughts,
+when he discovered that he was holding something tightly clasped in one
+of his hands. Unable to think what it could be, he rose, and held it in
+the full light of the moon. He then saw that it was a tuft of white
+fur--the fur of some animal. Much puzzled, he put it in his pocket, and
+suddenly recollecting his friend, set out for the place where he had
+left him. "I shall soon know," he said to himself, "whether I have been
+asleep all this time--God grant it may be so!" His heart beat fearfully
+as he pressed forward, and he shouted out "Schiller" several times. But
+there was no reply, and presently he came upon the remains, just as he
+had seen them when accompanied by Marguerite. Convinced now that all
+that had taken place was grim reality, he went back along the route
+Schiller and he had taken the preceding day, and in due time reached the
+village. To the landlord of the inn where they had stayed he related
+what had happened. "I am truly sorry for you," the landlord said; "your
+experience has indeed been a terrible one. Every one here knows the
+forest is haunted in that particular spot, and we all give it as wide a
+berth as possible. But you have been most unfortunate, for Wilfred and
+Marguerite, who are werwolves, only visit these parts periodically. I
+last heard of them being seen when I was about ten years of age, and
+they then ate a pedlar called Schwann and his wife."
+
+As soon as Schiller's remains had been brought to the village and
+interred in the cemetery, Hellen, armed to the teeth and accompanied by
+several of the biggest and strongest hounds he could hire--for he could
+get none of the villagers to go with him--spent a whole day searching
+for Wilfred's cottage. But although he was convinced he had found the
+exact spot where it had stood, there were now no traces of it to be
+seen.
+
+At length he returned to the village, and on the following morning set
+out for Frankfort. On his arrival home he was immediately apprised of
+the fact that a terrible tragedy had occurred in his house. His wife and
+children had been found dead in their beds, with their throats cut and
+dreadful wounds in their chests, and the police had not been able to
+find the slightest clue to the murderers. With a terrible sinking at the
+heart Hellen asked for particulars, and learned, as he knew only too
+well he would learn, that the date of the tragedy was identical with
+that of his adventure in the forest.
+
+He tried hard to persuade himself that the coincidence was a mere
+coincidence; but--he knew better. Besides, there was the scratch!--the
+scratch on his forehead.
+
+Moreover, the scratch remained. It remained fresh and raw till a few
+days prior to his death, when it began to heal. And on the day he died
+it had completely healed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE CASE OF THE
+COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER
+
+
+Another case of lycanthropy in Germany, connected with the Harz
+Mountains, occurred somewhere about the beginning of the last century.
+
+Count Von Breber, chief of the police of Magdeburg, whilst away from
+home on a holiday with his young and beautiful wife, the Countess Hilda,
+happened to pass a night in the village of Grautz, in the centre of the
+Harz Mountains.
+
+In the course of a conversation with the innkeeper, the Countess
+remarked: "On our way here this morning we crossed a brook, and
+experienced the greatest difficulty in persuading our dogs to go into
+the water. It is most unusual, as they are generally only too ready for
+a dip. Can you in any way account for it?"
+
+"Were there two very tall poplars, one on either side of the brook?" the
+innkeeper asked; "and did you notice a peculiar--one cannot describe it
+as altogether unpleasant--smell there?"
+
+"We did!" the Count and Countess exclaimed in chorus.
+
+"Then it was the spot locally known as Wolf Hollow," the innkeeper said.
+"No one ventures there after dark, as it has a very evil reputation."
+
+"Stuff and nonsense!" the Count snapped.
+
+"That is as your honour pleases," the innkeeper said humbly. "We village
+folk believe it to be haunted; but, of course, if the subject appears
+ridiculous to you, I will take care I do not refer to it again."
+
+"Please do!" the Countess cried. "I love anything to do with the
+supernatural. Tell us all about it."
+
+The innkeeper gave a little nervous cough, and glancing uneasily at the
+Count, whose face looked more than usually stern in the fading sunlight,
+observed: "They do say, madam, that whoever drinks the water of that
+stream----"
+
+"Yes, yes?" the Countess cried eagerly.
+
+"Suffers a grave misfortune."
+
+"Of what nature?" the Countess demanded; but before the innkeeper could
+answer, the Count cut in:--
+
+"I forbid you to say another word. The Countess has drunk the water
+there, and your cock-and-bull stories will frighten her into fits.
+Confess it is all made up for the benefit of travellers like ourselves."
+
+"Yes, your honour!" the innkeeper stammered, his knees shaking; "I
+confess it is mere talk, but we all be--be--lieve it."
+
+"That will do--go!" the Count cried; and the innkeeper, terrified out of
+his wits, flew out of the room.
+
+Some minutes later mine host received a peremptory summons to appear
+before the Count, who was alone and scowling horribly, in the best
+parlour. He had barely got inside the room before the Count burst out
+wrathfully:--
+
+"I've sent for you, sir, in order to impress upon you the fact that if
+either you or your minions mention one word about that brook to the
+Countess, or to her servants--mark that--I will have the breath flogged
+out of your body and your tongue snipped. Do you hear?"
+
+"Y--yes, your honour," the innkeeper cried. "I ful--fully
+un--understand, and if her ladyship asks me any--anything abou--out the
+br--br--brook, I will lie."
+
+"Which won't trouble you much, eh?"
+
+"N--n--o, your honour! I mean y--yes, your honour! It will be a burden
+on my con--conscience, but I will do anything to pl--please your
+honour."
+
+The interview then terminated, and the innkeeper, bathed in perspiration
+and wishing his lot in life anything but what it was, hastened to
+prepare dinner.
+
+"I hope nothing dreadful will happen to me; I feel that something will,"
+the Countess said, as she let down her long beautiful hair that night.
+"Carl, why did you let me drink the water?"
+
+"The water be ----!" the Count growled. "Didn't you hear what the
+innkeeper said?--that the story was mere invention! If you believe all
+the idle tales you hear, you will soon be in an asylum. Hilda, I'm
+ashamed of you!"
+
+"And I'm ashamed of myself," the Countess cried, "so there!" and she
+flung her arms round his neck and kissed him.
+
+The following morning they left the inn, and, retracing their steps,
+journeyed homewards. The Count looked at his wife somewhat critically;
+she was very pale, and there were dark rims under her eyes.
+
+"I do believe, Hilda," he observed with an assumed gaiety, "you are
+still worrying about that water!"
+
+"I am," she replied; "I had such queer dreams."
+
+He asked her to narrate them, but she refused; and as her sleep now
+became constantly disturbed, and she was getting thin and worried, the
+Count determined that as soon as he reached home he would call in a
+doctor. The latter, examining the Countess, attributed the cause of her
+indisposition to dyspepsia, and ordered her a diet of milk food. But she
+did not get better, and now insisted upon sleeping alone, choosing a
+bedroom situated in a secluded part of the house, where there was
+absolute silence.
+
+The Count remonstrated. "You might at least let me occupy the room next
+to you!" he said.
+
+"No," she replied; "I should hear you if you did. I am sensible now of
+the very slightest sounds, and besides disturbing me, they are a source
+of the greatest annoyance. I feel I shall never get well again unless I
+can have complete rest and quiet. Do let me!" and she fixed her big blue
+eyes on him so earnestly, that he vowed he would see that all her
+wishes, no matter how fanciful, were gratified.
+
+"I hope she won't go mad!" he said to himself; "her behaviour is odd, to
+say the least of it. Odd!--wholly inexplicable."
+
+It was rather too bad that just now, when his mind was harassed with
+misgivings at home, he should also be bothered with disturbances outside
+his own home. But so it was. Events of an unprecedented nature were
+taking place in the town, and it fell to his lot to cope with them.
+Night after night children--mostly of the poorer class--disappeared, and
+despite frantic yet careful and thorough searches, no clue as to what
+had befallen them had, so far, been discovered. The Count doubled the
+men on night duty, but in spite of these and other extraordinary
+precautions the disappearances continued, and the affair--already of the
+utmost gravity--promised to be one that would prove disastrous, not
+merely to the heads of families, but to the head of the police himself.
+So long as the missing ones had been of the lower orders only, the Count
+had not had much to fear--the murmurings of their parents could easily
+be held in check--but now that a few of the children of the rich had
+been spirited away, there was every likelihood of the matter reaching
+the ears of the Court. One evening, when the Count had hardly recovered
+his equanimity after a stormy interview with Herr Meichen, the banker,
+whose three-year-old daughter had vanished, and a still more distressing
+scene with Otto Schmidt, the lawyer, whose six-year-old daughter had
+disappeared, his patience was called upon to undergo a still further
+trial in consequence of a visit from General Carl Rittenberg, a person
+of the greatest importance, not only in the town, but in the whole
+province. Purple in the face with suppressed fury, the General burst
+into the room where the head of the police sat.
+
+"Count!" he cried, striking the table with his fist, "this is beyond a
+joke. My child--my only child--Elizabeth, whom my wife and I
+passionately love, has been stolen. She was walking by my side in
+Frederick Street this afternoon, and as it suddenly became foggy, I left
+her a moment to hail a vehicle to take us home. I wasn't gone from her
+more than half a minute at the most, but when I returned she had gone. I
+searched everywhere, shouting her name; and passers by, compassionate
+strangers, joined me in my search; but though we have looked high and
+low not a trace of her have we been able to discover. I have not told
+her mother yet. God help me--I dare not! I dare not even show my face at
+home without her--my wife will never forgive me----"; and so great was
+his emotion that he buried his face in his hands, and his great body
+heaved and shook. Then he started to his feet, his eyes bulging and
+lurid. "Curse you!" he shrieked; "curse you, Count! it's all your fault!
+Day after day you've sat here, when you ought to have been hunting up
+these rascally police of yours. You've no right to rest one second--not
+one second, do you hear?--till the mystery surrounding these poor lost
+children has been cleared up, and, living or dead--God forbid it should
+prove to be the latter!--they are restored to their parents. Now, mark
+my words, Count, unless my child Elizabeth is found, I'll make your name
+a byword throughout the length and breadth of the country--I'll----";
+but words failed him, and, shaking his fist, he staggered out of the
+room.
+
+The Count was much perturbed. The General was one of the few people in
+the town who really had it in their power to do him harm--the one man
+above all others with whom he had hitherto made it his business to keep
+in. He had not the least doubt but that the General meant all he said,
+and he recognized only too well that his one and only hope of salvation
+lay in the recovery of Elizabeth. But, God in heaven, where could he
+look for her? Sick at heart, he marshalled every policeman in the force,
+and within an hour every street in Magdeburg was being subjected to a
+most rigorous search. The Count was just quitting his office, resolved
+to join in the hunt himself, when a shabbily dressed woman brushed past
+the custodian at the door, and racing up to him, flung herself at his
+feet.
+
+"What the devil does she want?" the Count demanded savagely. "Who is
+she?"
+
+"Martha Brochel, your honour, a poor half-witted creature, who was one
+of the first in the town to lose a child," the door-porter replied; "and
+the shock of it has driven her mad!"
+
+"Mad! mad! Yes! that is just what I am--mad!" the woman broke out.
+"Everything is in darkness. It is always night! There are no houses, no
+chimneys, no lanterns, only trees--big, black trees that rustle in the
+wind, and shake their heads mockingly. And then something hideous comes!
+What is it? Take it away! Take it away! Give her back to me!" And as
+Martha's voice rose to a shriek, she threw her hands over her head, and,
+clenching them, growled and snarled like a wild animal.
+
+"Put her outside!" the Count said with an impatient gesture; "and take
+good care she does not get in here again."
+
+"No! Don't turn me away! Don't! don't!" Martha screamed; "I forgot what
+it was I wanted to tell you--but I remember now. I've seen it!--seen the
+thing that stole my child. There is light--light again! Oh! hear me!"
+
+"Where have you seen it, Martha?" the porter inquired; and looking at
+the Count, he said respectfully: "It is just possible, your honour,
+this woman might be of use to us, and that she has actually seen the
+person who stole her child."
+
+"Rubbish! What right has she to have children?" the Count snapped, and
+he spurned the supplicant with his boot.
+
+The moment she was in the street, however, the head of the police was
+after her. Keeping close behind her, he resolutely dogged her steps. The
+evening was now far advanced, and the fog so dense that the Count,
+though he knew the city, was soon at a total loss as to his whereabouts.
+But on and on the woman went, now deviating to the right, now to the
+left; sometimes pausing as if listening, then tearing on again at such a
+rate that the Count was obliged to run to keep up with her. Suddenly she
+uttered a shrill cry:
+
+"There it is! There it is! The thing that took my child!" and the figure
+of what certainly appeared to be a woman, muffled, and carrying a sack
+on her shoulder, glided across the road just in front of them and
+disappeared in the impenetrable darkness. Martha sped after her, and the
+Count, his hopes raised high, followed in hot pursuit. He failed to
+recognize the ground they were traversing, and presently they came to a
+high wall, over which Martha scrambled with the agility of an acrobat.
+The Count, in attempting to imitate her, damaged his knee and tore his
+clothes, but he also landed safely on the other side. Then on they went,
+Martha with unabated energy, the Count horribly exhausted, and beginning
+to think of turning back, when they were abruptly brought to a
+standstill. The walls of some building loomed right ahead of them. The
+object of their pursuit, again visible, darted through a doorway; whilst
+Martha, with a loud cry of triumph, sprang in after her; but before the
+Count could cross the threshold the door was slammed and locked in his
+face. Then he heard a chorus of the most appalling sounds--sounds so
+strange and unearthly that his blood turned to ice and his hair rose
+straight on end. Rushing footsteps mingled with peculiar soft
+patterings; agonized human screams coupled with the growls and snappings
+of an animal; a heavy thud; gurgles; and then silence.
+
+The Count's courage revived: he hurled himself against the door; it gave
+with a crash, and the next moment he was inside. But what a sight met
+his eyes! The place, which somehow or the other seemed oddly familiar to
+him, was a veritable shambles--floor, walls, and furniture were sodden
+with blood. In every corner were mangled human remains; whilst stretched
+on the ground, opposite the doorway, lay the body of Martha, her face
+unrecognizable and her breast and stomach ripped right open. This was
+terrible enough, but more terrible by far was the author of it all, who,
+having cast aside wraps, now stood fully revealed in the yellow glow of
+a lantern. What the Count saw was a monstrosity--a thing with a woman's
+breast, a woman's hair, golden and curly, but the face and feet were
+those of a wolf; whilst the hands, white and slender, were armed with
+long, glittering nails, cruelly sharp and dripping with blood.
+
+To the Count's astonishment the creature did not attack him, but
+uttering a low plaintive cry, veered round and endeavoured to escape.
+But escape was the very last thing Van Breber would permit. Whatever the
+thing was--beast or devil--it had caused him endless trouble, and if
+allowed to get away now, would go on with its escapades, and so bring
+about his ruin. No! he must kill it. Kill it even at the risk of his own
+life. With a shout of wrath he plunged his sword up to its hilt in the
+thing's back.
+
+It fell to the floor and the Count bent over it curiously. Something was
+happening--something strange and terrifying; but he could not look--he
+was forced to shut his eyes. When he opened them he no longer saw the
+hairy visage of a wolf--he was gazing fondly into the dying eyes of his
+beautiful and much-loved wife. With a rapidity like lightning, he
+recognized his surroundings. He was in a long disused summer-house that
+stood in a remote corner of his own grounds!
+
+"God help me and you, too!" the Countess Hilda whispered, clasping him
+fondly in her arms. "It was the water!--the water I drank in the Harz
+Mountains! I have been bewitched----"; and kissing him feverishly on the
+lips, she sank back--dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE FAMILY OF KLOSKA AND THE LYCANTHROPOUS FLOWER
+
+In the mountainous regions of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula
+are certain flowers credited with the property of converting into
+werwolves whoever plucks and wears them. Needless to say, these flowers
+are very rare, but I have heard of their having been found,
+comparatively recently, both in the Transylvanian Alps and the Balkans.
+A story _à propos_ of one of these discoveries was told me last summer.
+
+Ivan and Olga were the children of Otto and Vera Kloska--the former a
+storekeeper of Kerovitch, a village on the Roumanian side of the
+Transylvanian Alps. One morning they were out with their mother,
+watching her wash clothes in a brook at the back of their house, when,
+getting tired of their occupation, they wandered into a thicket.
+
+"Let's make a chaplet of flowers," Olga said, plucking a daisy. "You
+gather the flowers and I'll weave them together."
+
+"It's not much of a game," Ivan grumbled, "but I can't think of anything
+more exciting just now, so I'll play it. But let's both make wreaths and
+see which makes the best."
+
+To this Olga agreed, and they were soon busily hunting amidst the grass
+and undergrowth, and scrambling into all sorts of possible and
+impossible places.
+
+Presently Ivan heard a scream, followed by a heavy thud, and running in
+the direction of the noise, narrowly avoided falling into a pit, the
+sides of which were partly overgrown with weeds and brambles.
+
+"It's all right," Olga shouted; "I'm not hurt. I landed on soft ground.
+It's not very deep, and there's such a queer flower here--I don't know
+what it is; I've never seen one like it before."
+
+Ivan's curiosity thus aroused, he carefully examined the sides of the
+pit, and, selecting the shallowest spot, lowered himself slowly over and
+then dropped. It was nothing of a distance, seven or eight feet at the
+most, and he alighted without mishap on a clump of rank, luxuriant
+grass. "See! here it is," his sister cried, pointing to a large, very
+vivid white flower, shaped something like a sunflower, but soft and
+pulpy, and full of a sweet, nauseating odour. "It's too big to put in a
+wreath, so I'll wear it in my buttonhole."
+
+"Better not," Ivan said, snatching it from her; "I don't like it. It's a
+nasty-looking thing. I believe it's a sort of fungus."
+
+Olga then began to cry, and as Ivan was desirous of keeping the peace,
+he gave her back the flower. She was a prepossessing child, with black
+hair and large dark eyes, pretty teeth and plump, sunburnt cheeks. Nor
+was she altogether unaware of her attractions, for even at so early an
+age she had a goodly share of the inordinate vanity common to her sex,
+and liked nothing better than appearing out-of-doors in a new frock
+plentifully besprinkled with rosettes and ribbons. The flower, she told
+herself, would look well on her scarlet bodice, and would be a good
+set-off to her black hair and olive complexion. All this was, of course,
+beyond the comprehension of Ivan, who regarded his sister's weakness
+with the most supreme contempt, and for his own part was never so happy
+as when skylarking with other boys and getting into every conceivable
+kind of mischief. Yet for all that he was in the main sensible, almost
+beyond his years, and extremely fond, and--though he would not admit
+it--proud of Olga.
+
+She fixed the flower in her dress, and imitating to the best of her
+knowledge the carriage of royalty, strutted up and down, saying "Am I
+not grand? Don't I look nice? Ivan--salute me!"
+
+And Ivan was preparing to salute her in the proper military style,
+taught him by a great friend of his in the village, a soldier in the
+carabineers for whom he had an intense admiration, when his jaw suddenly
+fell and his eyes bulged.
+
+"Whatever is the matter with you?" Olga asked.
+
+"There's nothing the matter with me," Ivan cried, shrinking away from
+her; "but there is with you. Don't! don't make such faces--they frighten
+me," and turning round, he ran to the place where he had made his
+descent and tried to climb up.
+
+Some minutes later the mother of the children, hearing piercing shrieks
+for help, flew to the pit, and, missing her footing, slipped over the
+brink, and falling some ten or more feet, broke one of her legs and
+otherwise bruised herself. For some seconds she was unconscious, and the
+first sight that met her eyes on coming to was Ivan kneeling on the
+ground, feebly endeavouring to hold at bay a gaunt grey wolf that had
+already bitten him about the legs and thigh, and was now trying hard to
+fix its wicked white fangs into his throat.
+
+"Help me, mother!" Ivan gasped; "I'm getting exhausted. It's Olga."
+
+"Olga!" the mother screamed, making frantic efforts to come to his
+assistance. "Olga! what do you mean?"
+
+"It's all owing to a flower--a white flower," Ivan panted; "Olga would
+pluck it, and no sooner had she fixed it on her dress than she turned
+into a wolf! Quick, quick! I can't hold it off any longer."
+
+Thus adjured the wretched woman made a terrific effort to rise, and
+failing in this, clenched her teeth, and, lying down, rolled over and
+over till she arrived at the spot where the struggle was taking place.
+By this time, however, the wolf had broken through Ivan's guard, and he
+was now on his back with his right arm in the grip of his ferocious
+enemy.
+
+The mother had not a knife, but she had a long steel skewer she used for
+sticking into a tree as a means of fastening one end of her washing
+line. She wore it hanging to her girdle, and it was quite by a miracle
+it had not run into her when she fell.
+
+"Take care, mother," Ivan cried, as she raised it ready to strike;
+"remember, it is Olga."
+
+This indeed was an ugly fact that the woman in her anxiety to save the
+boy had forgotten. What should she do? To merely wound the animal would
+be to make it ten times more savage, in which case it would almost
+inevitably destroy them both. To kill it would mean killing Olga. Which
+did she love the most, the boy or the girl? Never was a mother placed in
+such a dilemma. And she had no time to deliberate, not even a second.
+God help her, she chose. And like ninety-nine out of a hundred mothers
+would have done, she chose the boy; he--he at all costs must be saved.
+She struck, struck with all the pent-up energy of despair, and in her
+blind, mad zeal she struck again.
+
+The first blow, penetrating the werwolf's eye, sank deep into its brain,
+but the second blow missed--missed, and falling aslant, alighted on the
+form beneath.
+
+An hour later a villager on his way home, hearing extraordinary sounds
+of mirth, went to the side of the pit and peeped over.
+
+"Vera Kloska!" he screamed; "Heaven have mercy on us, what have you
+there?"
+
+"He! he! he!" came the answer. "He! he! he! My children! Don't they look
+funny? Olga has such a pretty white flower in her buttonhole, and Ivan a
+red stain on his forehead. They are deaf--they won't reply when I speak
+to them. See if you can make them hear."
+
+But the villager shook his head. "They'll never hear again in this
+world, mad soul," he muttered. "You've murdered them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Besides this white flower there is a yellow one, of the same shape and
+size as a snapdragon; and a red one, something similar to an ox-eyed
+daisy, both of which have the power of metamorphosing the plucker and
+wearer into a werwolf. Both have the same peculiar vividness of colour,
+the same thick, sticky sap, and the same sickly, faint odour. They are
+both natives of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula, and are
+occasionally to be met with in damp, marshy places.
+
+Certain flowers (lilies-of-the-valley, marigolds, and azaleas), as also
+diamonds, are said to attract werwolves, thus proving a source of danger
+to those who wear them. And _à propos_ of this magnetic property of
+diamonds the following anecdote comes to me from the Tyrol:--
+
+
+A WERWOLF IN INNSBRUCK
+
+Madame Mildau was one of the prettiest women in Innsbruck. She had
+golden hair, large violet eyes, a smile that would melt a Loyola, and
+diamonds that set every woman's mouth watering. With such inducements to
+seduction, how could Madame Mildau help delighting in balls and fêtes,
+and in promenading constantly before the public? She revelled in a
+universal admiration--she aimed at a monopoly--and she lived wholly and
+solely to exact homage. To be deprived of any single opportunity of
+displaying her charms and consequent triumphs would indeed have been a
+hardship, and to nothing short of a very serious indisposition would
+Madame Mildau have sacrificed her pleasure.
+
+Now it so happened that three of the most brilliant entertainments of
+the season fell on the same night, and Madame Mildau, with all the
+unreason of her sex, desired to attend each one of them.
+
+"I have accepted these three invitations," she informed her husband,
+"and to these three balls I mean to go. I shall apportion the time
+equally between them. You forget," she added, "that the success of these
+entertainments really depends on me. Crowds go only to see me, and I
+should never forgive myself if I disappointed them."
+
+But her husband, with the perversity characteristic of gout and middle
+age, combined, no doubt, with a not unnatural modicum of jealousy,
+maintained that one such fête should be sufficient amusement for one
+night. She might take her choice of one; he would on no account permit
+her to attend all three. Much to his surprise and delight Madame Mildau
+made no scene, but graciously submitted after a few mild protestations.
+A little later her husband remarked encouragingly:--
+
+"I congratulate you, Julia, on your philosophy and self-restraint. In
+yielding to my wishes you have pleased me immeasurably, and I should
+like to show my gratification in some substantial manner. As it is some
+months since I gave you a present, I have resolved to make you one now.
+You may choose what you like."
+
+"I have chosen," Madame Mildau replied calmly.
+
+"What, already!" her husband cried. "You sly creature. You have been
+keeping this up your sleeve. What is it?"
+
+"A diamond tiara," was the cool reply. "The one you said you could not
+afford last Christmas."
+
+"Mon Dieu!" her husband gasped. "I shall be ruined."
+
+"You will be ruined if you do not give it to me," Madame Mildau replied,
+"for in that case I should leave you. I couldn't live with a liar."
+
+Her husband wrung his hands. He implored her to choose something else,
+but it was of no avail, and within two hours Madame Mildau had visited
+the jeweller and the tiara was hers.
+
+The eventful day came at last, and Madame Mildau, escorted by her
+husband, attended one of the most popular balls of the season. She did
+not wear her tiara. There had been several highway jewellery robberies
+in the neighbourhood of late, and she pleased her husband immensely by
+leaving her diamonds carefully locked up at home.
+
+"You are prudence itself," he said, gazing at her in admiration. "And as
+a reward you shall dance all the evening whilst I look on and admire
+you."
+
+But soon Madame Mildau could dance no longer. She had a very bad
+headache, and begged her husband to take her home. M. Mildau was very
+sympathetic. He was very sorry for his wife, and suggested that she
+should take some brandy. She readily agreed that a little brandy might
+do her good, and they took some together in their bedroom, after which
+madame's husband remembered little more. He had a vague notion that his
+wife was rolling his neck-handkerchief round his forehead in the form of
+a Turkish turban, and patting him on the cheeks and smilingly wishing
+him a thousand pleasant dreams, and then--all was a blank. He might as
+well have been dead. With madame it was otherwise. The headache was, of
+course, a ruse. The brandy she had given her husband had been well
+drugged, and no sooner had she made sure it had taken effect than she
+snapped her daintily manicured finger-tips in the air, and retiring to
+her dressing-room, changed the dress she was wearing for one ten times
+more costly and beautiful--a dress of rose-coloured gauze, upon which a
+drapery of lace was suspended by agraffes of diamonds. A wreath of pale
+roses, that seemed to have been bathed in the dew of the morning, the
+better to harmonize with the delicate complexion of her lovely face,
+nestled in her hair, and above it, more magnificent than anything yet
+seen in Innsbruck, and setting off to perfection the dazzling lustre of
+her yellow curls, the tiara of diamonds.
+
+After a final survey of herself in the glass, she slipped on her cloak,
+and stole softly out to join her intimate friend, the Countess Linitz,
+who was also going to the ball. All things so far had worked wonderfully
+well; not even a servant suspected her. In order to avoid trusting her
+secret to anyone in the house, she had employed a stranger to hire an
+elegant carriage, which was in waiting for her at a discreet distance
+from the front door. The ball at which Madame Mildau soon arrived with
+her friend was much more to her liking than the one to which she had
+been previously escorted by her husband. The music was more harmonious,
+the conversation more amiable, the dresses more elaborate, and, what
+was more important than all, Madame Mildau's success was even more
+instantaneous and complete. The whole room--host, guests, musicians,
+even waiters--one and all were literally dumbfounded at the
+extraordinary beauty of her face and costume, to say nothing of her
+jewels. Such an entrancing spectacle was without parallel in a ballroom
+in Innsbruck; and when she left, before the entertainment was over, all
+the life, the light, the gaiety went with her.
+
+But it was at the third ball, to which the same equipage surreptitiously
+bore her, that Madame Mildau's enjoyment and triumphs reached their
+zenith; and it was only towards the close of that entertainment--when
+she felt, by that revelation of instinct which never deceives women on
+similar occasions, that it was time to depart; that the brilliancy of
+her eyes, no less than the beauty of her dress, was fading; that her
+lips, parched with fatigue, had lost that humid red which rendered them
+so pretty and inviting, and that the dust had taken the beautiful gloss
+off her hair--that she experienced, for the first time, a sentiment of
+uneasiness in reviewing the rashness of her conduct. How was it
+possible, she asked herself, to prevent a casual acquaintance--her
+friends she could warn--letting out in conversation before her husband
+that she had been to these balls. And supposing he thus got to know of
+her deceit, what then?
+
+This idea--the idea of being found out--with all its consequences, rose
+before her. Her exhausted imagination could find nothing to oppose it,
+nothing to relieve the feeling of depression which took possession of
+her, and she almost felt remorse when she threw herself into her
+carriage. It was a very dark night, cold and windy, and she was only too
+thankful to nestle close into the soft cushions at her back, and bury
+her face in the warm fur of her costly wrap. For some minutes she
+remained absorbed in thought; but it was not long before the monotonous
+rumble, rumble of the carriage produced a sensation of drowsiness, from
+which she was rudely awakened by the sound of a cough. Glancing in the
+direction from whence it came, to her utmost dismay and astonishment she
+saw, seated in the opposite corner of the vehicle, a young man of good,
+if somewhat peculiar appearance, and extremely well dressed. Madame
+Mildau instantly took in all the disadvantages of her situation, and,
+overwhelmed by the imprudence of her conduct, exclaimed in a tone in
+which dignity and terror struggled for mastery, "Sir, what audacity!"
+
+"Yes, indeed, what audacity!" the stranger replied, affecting to be
+shocked. "What pride! What a love of display!" and he rolled his big
+eyes at her and bared his teeth.
+
+"But, sir," Madame Mildau cried in horror, concluding that the unknown
+was a madman, "this is _my_ carriage. I beg you will depart--I beseech
+you--I command you. I will summon my servants."
+
+"That will be a vain waste of valuable breath," replied the young man
+coolly. "You may call your servants--but there is only one, and he is
+mine. He will not answer you."
+
+"Where am I, then? How infamous!" exclaimed Madame Mildau, and she burst
+into tears. "Oh, how cruelly punished I am!"
+
+"It is true, madame, you will be punished for having been agreeable,
+gay, and brilliant to-night without the consent of your husband; but at
+present he knows nothing about it, for at this moment he reposes in the
+sleep of the just, confident that you are enjoying the same repose close
+to him. As to yourself, madame, why this fear? You will have nothing to
+dread, I assure you, from my indiscretion; but, as you may be aware,
+there is no fault, however small, that has not its expiation. Nay, do
+not weep. Am I so ugly? Why should you dread me so, madame? I am a great
+admirer of your charms, desirous to know you better. Nay, have no
+suspicions as to my morality--I am no profligate. I came to the ball
+to-night for quite another purpose."
+
+"Sir, I understand you. You are employed by my husband. A spy!
+Detestable!"
+
+"Stop, madame," the stranger said, laying his hand gently on hers.
+"Debase not the dignity of man by imagining for one instant that there
+is anyone who would lend himself so readily to act the odious part you
+impute to me. I am no spy."
+
+"In Heaven's name, then," Madame Mildau exclaimed, "what brings you
+here? What do you want? Who are you?"
+
+"One at a time, madame," the young man ejaculated. "To begin with, it
+was those diamonds of yours--those rings on your soft and delicate
+fingers, those bracelets on your slender rounded wrists, that necklace
+and pendant on your snowy breast, and over and above all that splendid
+tiara on your matchless hair. It was the sight of all those bright and
+gleaming stars that attracted me, just as the light of a candle attracts
+a moth. I could not resist them."
+
+"Then you--you are a robber!" stammered the lady, ready to faint with
+terror.
+
+"Wrong again!" the young man said; "I admire your jewels, it is true,
+but I am no thief."
+
+"Then, in mercy's name, what are you?" demanded the lady.
+
+"Well!" the stranger replied, speaking with a slight snarl, "I am a man
+now, but I shall soon change."
+
+"A man and will soon change?" Madame Mildau cried; "oh, you're mad,
+mad--and I'm shut up in here with a lunatic! Help! help!"
+
+"Calmly, calmly," the stranger exclaimed, lifting her hands to his lips
+and kissing them. "I'm perfectly sane, and at present perfectly
+harmless. Now tell me, madame--and mind, be candid with me--why don't
+you love your husband?"
+
+"How do you know I don't?" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"Tut, tut!" the young man said. "Anyone could see that with half an eye.
+Besides, consider your conduct to-night! Answer my questions."
+
+"Well, you see!" Madame Mildau stammered, having come to the conclusion
+that even if the man were not mad it would be highly impolitic to
+provoke him, "I'm so much younger than he is. I'm only twenty-three,
+whereas he is forty-five. Besides, he detests all amusements, and I love
+them--especially dances. He is too fat to----"
+
+"Are you sure he is fat? Will you swear he is fat?" the stranger asked,
+grasping her hands so tightly that she screamed.
+
+"I swear it!" she said, "he is quite the fattest man I know."
+
+"And tender! But no, he can't be very tender!"
+
+"What questions to ask!" Madame Mildau said. "How do I know whether he
+is tender! Besides, what does it concern you?"
+
+"It concerns me much," the young man retorted; "and you, too, madame.
+You asked me just now a question concerning myself. Your curiosity shall
+be satisfied. I am a werwolf. My servant on the box who took the place
+of your employé is a werwolf. In an hour the metamorphosis will take
+place. You are out here in the Wood of Arlan alone with us."
+
+"In the Wood of Arlan!"
+
+"Yes, madame, in the Wood of Arlan, which is, as you know, one of the
+wildest and least frequented spots in this part of the Tyrol. We are
+both ravenously hungry, and--well, you can judge the rest!"
+
+Madame Mildau, who regarded werwolves in the same category as satyrs and
+mermaids, was once more convinced that she had to deal with a lunatic,
+but thinking it wisest to humour him, she said, "I shouldn't advise you
+to eat me. I'm not at all nice. I'm dreadfully tough."
+
+"You're not that," the young man said, "but I'm not at all sure that
+the paint and powder on your cheeks might not prove injurious. Anyhow, I
+have decided to spare you on one condition!"
+
+"Yes! and that is?" Madame Mildau exclaimed, clapping her hands
+joyfully.
+
+"That you let me have your husband instead. Give me the keys of your
+house, and my man and I will fetch him. Did you leave him sound asleep?"
+
+"Yes!" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"In other words you drugged him! I knew it! I can read it in your eyes.
+Well--so much the better. Your foresight has proved quite providential.
+We will bind you securely and leave you here whilst we are gone, and
+when we return with your husband you shall be freed, and my man shall
+drive you home. The key?"
+
+Madame Mildau gave it him. With the aid of his servant--a huge man, well
+over six feet and with the chest and limbs of a Hercules--the stranger
+then proceeded to gag and bind Madame Mildau hand and foot, and lifting
+her gently on to the road, fastened her securely to the trunk of a tree.
+
+"Au revoir!" he exclaimed, kissing her lightly on the forehead. "We
+shan't be long! These horses go like the wind."
+
+The next moment he was gone. For some seconds Madame Mildau struggled
+desperately to free herself; then, recognizing the futility of her
+efforts, resigned herself to her fate. At last she heard the clatter of
+horses' hoofs and the rumble of wheels, and in a few minutes she was
+once again free.
+
+"Quick!" the stranger said, leading her by the arm, "there's not a
+moment to lose. The transmutation has already begun. In a few seconds we
+shall both be wolves and your fate will be sealed. We've got your
+husband, and, fortunately for you, he is as you described him, nice and
+plump. If you want to take a final peep at him, do so at once; it's your
+last chance."
+
+But Madame Mildau had no such desire. She moved aside as her husband,
+clad in his pyjamas and still sleeping soundly, was lifted out of the
+vehicle and placed on the ground, and then, hurriedly brushing past him,
+was about to enter the carriage, when the young man interposed.
+
+"On the box, madame. We could not find you a coachman--you must drive
+yourself; and as you value your life, drive like the----"
+
+But madame did not wait for further instructions. Springing lightly on
+the box, she picked up the reins, and with a crack of the whip the
+horses were off. A minute later, and the wild howl of wolves, followed
+by a piercing human scream, rang out in the still morning air.
+
+"That's my husband! I recognize his voice," Madame Mildau sighed. "Ah,
+well! thank God, the man wasn't a robber. My diamonds are safe."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN
+
+
+Werwolves are, perhaps, rather less common in Spain than in any other
+part of Europe. They are there almost entirely confined to the
+mountainous regions (more particularly to the Sierra de Guadarrama, the
+Cantabrian, and the Pyrenees), and are usually of the male species.
+Generally speaking the property of lycanthropy in Spain appears to be
+hereditary; and, as one would naturally expect in a country so
+pronouncedly Roman Catholic, to rid the lycanthropist of his unenviable
+property it is the custom to resort to exorcism. Though they are
+extremely rare, both flowers and streams possessing the power of
+transmitting the property of werwolfery are to be found in the
+Cantabrian mountains and the Pyrenees.
+
+And in Spain, as in Austria-Hungary, precious stones--particularly
+rubies--not infrequently, and often with disastrous results, attract
+the werwolf.
+
+The following case of a Spanish werwolf may be taken as typical:--
+
+In the month of September, 1853, a young man, one Paul Nicholas, arrived
+from Paris at Pamplona, and took up his abode at l'Hôtel Hervada.
+
+He was rich, idle, sleek; and the sole object of his stay at Pamplona
+was the pursuit of some little adventure wherewith he might be
+temporarily employed, and whereof perchance he might afterwards boast.
+Well, in the hotel there had arrived, a day or two before Monsieur
+Nicholas, a young and beautiful lady, the effect of whose personal
+attractions was intensified by certain mysterious circumstances. No one
+knew her; she had no one with her--not even a servant to be bribed--and
+although eminently fitted to shine in society, she went neither to the
+opera nor the dance. As may be readily understood, she was soon the sole
+topic of conversation in the hotel. Every one talked of her rare beauty,
+elegance, and musical genius, and immediately after dinner, when she
+retired to her room, many of the guests would steal upstairs after her,
+and, stationing themselves outside her door, would remain there for
+hours to listen to her singing.
+
+Paul Nicholas's head was completely turned. To have such a neighbour,
+with the face and voice of an angel, and yet not to know her! It was
+enough to drive him wild. At last, to every one's surprise, the
+mysterious lady, apparently so exclusive, permitted the advances of a
+very commonplace, middle-aged gentleman with hardly a hair on his head
+and a paunch that was voted quite disgusting.
+
+The friendship between the two ripened fast. In defiance of all
+conventionality, the lady took to sitting out late at night with her
+elderly admirer, and, with an absolute disregard of decorum, accompanied
+him on long excursions. Finally, she went away with him altogether. On
+the occasion of this latter event every one in the hotel heaved a sigh
+of relief, saving Paul.
+
+Paul was disconsolate. He stayed on, hovering about the places she had
+most frequented, and hoping to see in every fresh arrival at the hotel
+his adored one come back. His pitiable condition gained no sympathy.
+
+"Silly fellow!" was the general comment. "He is desperately in love! And
+with such a creature! What an idiot!"
+
+But Paul's patience was at length rewarded, his devotion apparently
+justified, for the lady returned, unaccompanied; and so great was the
+charm of her personality that within two days of her reappearance she
+had completely won back the hearts of her fellow-guests. Again every
+one raved of her.
+
+Meanwhile, Paul Nicholas became more enamoured than ever. He bought a
+guitar, and composed love lyrics--which he sang outside her door, from
+morning till night, with all that wealth of tenderness so uniquely
+expressible in a human voice--but it was all in vain. For the lady,
+whose name had at last leaked out--it was Isabelle de Nurrez--had
+yielded to the attentions of another stout, middle-aged gentleman, with
+whom in due course she departed.
+
+This was too much even for her most ardent admirers. Every guest in the
+hotel protested, and petitioned that she might not be readmitted.
+
+But mine host shook his head with scant apology. "I cannot help it," he
+said. "The lady pays more for her rooms than all the rest of you put
+together, so why should I turn her out? After all, if she likes to have
+many sweethearts, why shouldn't she? It is her own concern, neither
+yours nor mine. It harms no one!"
+
+And some of the guests, seeing logic in their landlord's views,
+remained; others went. As for Paul, he was immeasurably shocked at the
+bad taste of his adored one; but he stayed on, and within a few days, as
+he had fondly hoped, the fickle creature returned--and, as before,
+returned alone. It was then that he resolved on writing to her. With a
+crow-quill almost as fine as the long silky eyelashes of Isabella, on a
+sheet of paper whose border of Cupids, grapes, vases, and roses left
+little--too little--space for writing, he indited his letter, which,
+when completed, he sealed with a seal of azure blue wax, bearing the
+device of a dove ready for flight. And so scented was this epistle that
+it perfumed the entire hotel in its transit by means of a servant (well
+paid for the purpose) to mademoiselle's room. Again--this time for an
+endless amount of trouble and expense--Paul was rewarded. When next he
+met mademoiselle, and an opportune moment arrived, she looked at him,
+and as her lovely eyes scanned his manly, if somewhat portly figure, she
+smiled--smiled a smile of satisfaction which meant much. Paul Nicholas
+was in ecstasies. He hardly knew how to contain himself; he sighed,
+radiated, and wriggled about to such an extent that the attention of
+every one in the place was directed to him; whereupon Mlle de Nurrez
+turned very red and frowned. Paul's expectations now sank to zero; for
+the rest of the day he was almost too miserable to live. But Mlle de
+Nurrez, no doubt perceiving him to be truly penitent for having so
+embarrassed her, forgave him, and on his way to dinner he received a
+note in her own pretty handwriting giving him permission to make her
+acquaintance without any further introduction. The way thus paved,
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, overjoyed, lost no time in seeking out the lady.
+She was singing a wild sweet song as he entered her sitting-room, and
+her back, turned to the door, gave him an opportunity of observing, as
+she leant over her guitar, the most exquisite shoulders and the
+prettiest-shaped head in the world. With graceful confusion she rose to
+greet him, and her long eyelashes fell over eyes black and brilliant as
+those that awakened the furore of two continents--the eyes of Lola
+Montez. She was dressed in white; her rich dark hair was held in place
+with combs of gold; her girdle was of gold, and so also were the massive
+bracelets on her arms, which--so perfect was their symmetry--might well
+have been fashioned by a sculptor.
+
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, with the air of a prince, escorted her to the
+dining-room; and over champagne, coffee, and liqueurs their friendship
+grew apace. Some hours later, when ensconced together in a cosy retreat
+on the terrace, and the fast disappearing lights in the hotel windows
+warned them it would soon be prudent to retire, Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed
+with a sigh:--
+
+"You have told me so much about yourself, whilst I--I have told you
+nothing in return. Alas! I have a history. My parents are dead--my
+mother died when I was a baby, and my father, who was a very wealthy
+man--having accumulated his money in the business of a cork merchant
+which he carried on for years in Portugal--died just six months ago. He
+was on a voyage for his health in the Mediterranean, when he formed an
+acquaintance with a young Hindu, Prince Dajarah who soon acquired
+unbounded influence over him. My father died on this voyage, and--God
+forgive my suspicions!--but his death was strange and sudden. On opening
+his will, it was found that all his property was left to me--but only on
+the condition that I married Prince Dajarah."
+
+"Marry a black man! Mon Dieu, how terrible!" Paul Nicholas cried.
+
+"You are right. It was terrible!" Mlle de Nurrez went on. "And if I
+refused to marry Prince Dajarah, he, according to the will, would
+inherit everything. Well, Prince Dajarah was persistent; he declared
+that it was my duty to marry him, to fulfil my father's dying wish. It
+was in vain that I implored his mercy--that I told him I could never
+return his affections. And at last, finding that upon Prince Dajarah
+neither remonstrance nor reproach had any effect, I fled to a town some
+ten miles distant from this hotel, taking with me what money and
+jewellery I possessed.
+
+"Alas! he soon discovered my whereabouts, and with the sole object of
+continuing his persecution of me, speedily established himself in the
+house--which, unfortunately for me, happened to be vacant--next to mine.
+My money is nearly exhausted, I have no resources, and unless some one
+intervenes, some one brave and fearless, some one who really loves me, I
+shall undoubtedly be forced into a marriage with this odious wretch.
+Heavens, the bare idea of it is poisonous! You remember the two men who
+paid such marked attentions to me a short time ago?"
+
+Paul Nicholas nodded. His emotion was such he could not speak.
+
+"They both imagined they were in love with me. They swore they would
+confront the black tyrant and kill him; but when they were put to the
+test--when I took them and pointed him out to them--they went white as a
+sheet, and--fled."
+
+"Why torture me thus?" Paul Nicholas cried. "Tell me--only tell me what
+it is you want me to do!"
+
+"Do you love me?"
+
+"More than my life."
+
+"More than your soul?"
+
+"More than my soul."
+
+"Will you save me from a fate more horrible than death?"
+
+"If I go to Hell for you--yes!" Paul said, gazing on a face lovely as a
+dream.
+
+"You must come with me to his house to-morrow then! You must come armed.
+You must kill him."
+
+"Kill him!" Paul cried, turning pale.
+
+"Well?"
+
+"But it will be murder--assassination."
+
+"Murder, to kill him--a tyrant--a black man! Bah! Are you too a coward?"
+And she sprang to her feet, the veins swelling on her white brow, her
+cheeks colouring, her eyes flashing fire, as if she, at least, knew not
+the meaning of fear. "Sooner than let such a wretch inherit my father's
+wealth," she cried out, "I will kill him myself--kill him, or perish in
+the attempt."
+
+Paul Nicholas encountered the earnest gaze of her large, bright eyes,
+the pleading of her beautiful mouth, and the sweetness of her breath
+fanned his nostrils. A terrific wave of passion swept over him. He loved
+as he had never loved before--as he had never deemed it possible to
+love: and in his mad worship of the woman he believed to be as pure as
+she was fair, he forgot that the devil hides safest where he is least
+suspected. Seizing her small white hands in his, he swore upon them to
+do her will; and he would have gone on making all sorts of wild,
+impassioned speeches had not Mlle de Nurrez reminded him that it was
+past locking-up time.
+
+She crossed the main hall of the hotel with him, and as she turned to
+bid him good night prior to ascending to her quarters, her eyes met
+his--met his in one long, lingering glance that he assured himself could
+only have meant love.
+
+Next morning the guests in the hotel received another shock. Mlle de
+Nurrez had gone off again--this time with Monsieur Paul Nicholas--that
+good-looking, well-to-do young man, at whom all the matrons with
+marriageable daughters had in vain cast longing eyes.
+
+Now, although Paul Nicholas had little knowledge of geography, he could
+not help remarking, as he journeyed with Mlle Nurrez, that their route
+was in an exactly opposite direction to that leading to the town which
+his companion had named to him as her place of residence. He pointed out
+his difficulty, but Mlle de Nurrez only laughed.
+
+"Wait!" she said. "Wait and see. We shall get there all right. You must
+trust to my wit."
+
+Paul Nicholas made no further comment. He was already in the seventh
+heaven--that was enough for him; and leaning back, he continued gazing
+at her profile.
+
+The afternoon passed away, the sun sank, and night and its shadows moved
+solemnly on them. Gradually the roadside trees became distinguishable
+only as deeper masses of shadow, and Paul Nicholas could only tell they
+were trees by the peculiar sodden odour that, from time to time,
+sluggishly flowed in at the open window of the carriage. Of necessity,
+they were proceeding slowly--the road was for the most part uphill, and
+the horses, though tough and hardy natives of the mountains, had begun
+to show signs of flagging. They did not pass by a soul, and even the
+sighs of astonished cattle, whose ruminating slumbers they had routed,
+at last became events of the greatest rarity. At each yard they advanced
+the wildness of the country increased, and although the landscape was
+hidden, its influence was felt. Paul Nicholas knew, as well as if he had
+seen them, that he was in the presence of grotesque, isolated boulders,
+wide patches of bare, desolate soil, gaunt trees, and profound
+straggling fissures.
+
+Being so long confined in a limited space, although in that space was a
+paradise, he felt the exquisite agony of cramp, and when, after sundry
+attempts to stretch himself, he at length found a position that afforded
+him temporary relief, it was only to become aware of a more refined
+species of torture. The springs of the carriage rising and falling
+regularly, produced a rhythmical beat, which began to painfully absorb
+his attention, and to slowly merge into a senseless echo of one of his
+observations to Mlle de Nurrez. And when he was becoming reconciled to
+this inferno, another forced itself upon him. How quiet the driver was!
+Was there any driver? He couldn't see any. Possibly, nay, probably--why
+not?--the driver was lying gagged and bound on the roadside, and a
+bandit, one of the notorious Spanish bandits, against whom his friends
+in Paris had so emphatically warned him, was on the box driving him to
+his obscure lair in the heart of the mountains. Or was the original
+driver himself a bandit, and the beautiful girl reclining on the
+cushions a bandit's daughter? He dozed, and on coming to his waking
+senses again, discovered that the darkness had slightly lifted. He could
+see the distant horizon, defined by inky woods, outlined on a lighter
+sky. A few stars, scattered here and there in this tableau, whilst
+emphasizing the vastness of the space overhead--a vastness that was
+positively annihilating--at the same time conveyed a sense of solitude
+and loneliness, in perfect harmony with the trees, and rocks, and
+gorges. The effect was only transitory, for with a suddenness almost
+reminding one of stage mechanism, the moon burst through its temporary
+covering of clouds, and in a moment the whole country-side was illumined
+with a soft white glow. It was a warm night, and the breeze that rolled
+down from the mountain peaks, so remote and passionless, was charged to
+overflowing with resinous odours, mingled with which, and just strong
+enough to be recognizable, was the faint, pungent smell of decay. A
+couple of hares, looking somewhat ashamed of themselves, sprang into
+upright positions, and with frightened whisks of their tails disappeared
+into a clump of ferns. With a startled hiss a big snake drew back under
+cover of a boulder, and a hawk, balked of its prey by the sudden
+brilliant metamorphosis, uttered an indignant croak. But none of these
+protests against the moon's innocent behaviour were heeded by Paul
+Nicholas, whose whole attention was riveted on a large sombre building
+standing close by the side of the road. At the first glimpse of the
+place, so huge, grim, and silent, he was seized with a sensation of
+absolute terror. Nothing mortal could surely inhabit such a house. The
+dark, frowning walls and vacant, eye-like windows threw back a thousand
+shadows, and suggested as many eerie fancies--fancies that were
+corroborated by a few rank sedges and two or three white trunks of
+decayed trees that rose up on either side of the building; but of
+life--human life--there was not the barest suspicion.
+
+"What a nightmare of a house!" Paul Nicholas exclaimed, gazing with a
+shudder upon the remodelled and inverted images of the grey sedge, the
+ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant, eye-like windows in a black and
+lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre along the edge of the wood.
+
+"It's where he lives!" Mlle de Nurrez whispered.
+
+"What! do you mean to say that it is to this house you have brought me?"
+Paul shrieked. "To this awful, deserted ghostly mansion! Why have you
+lied to me?"
+
+"I was afraid you wouldn't care to come if I described the place too
+accurately," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Forgive me--and pity me, too, for it
+is here that Prince Dajarah would have me spend my life."
+
+Paul trembled.
+
+"For God's sake, don't desert me!" Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed, laying her
+hand softly on his shoulder. "Think of the terrible fate that will
+befall me! Think of your promises, your vows!"
+
+But Paul Nicholas did not respond all at once. His brain was in a
+whirl. He had been deceived, cruelly deceived! And with what motive? Was
+Mlle de Nurrez's explanation genuine? Could there be anything genuine
+about a girl who told an untruth? Once a liar always a liar! Did not
+that maxim hold good? Was it not one he had heard repeatedly from
+childhood? What should he do? What could he do? He was here, alone with
+this woman and her coachman, in one of the wildest and most outlandish
+regions of Spain. God alone knew where! To attempt to return would be
+hopeless--sheer imbecility; he would most certainly get lost on the
+mountains, and perish from hunger and thirst, or fall over some
+precipice, or into the jaws of a bear; or, at all events, come to some
+kind of an untimely end. No! there was no alternative, he must remain
+and trust in Mlle de Nurrez. But the house was appalling; he did not
+like looking at it, and the bare thought of its interior froze his
+blood. Then he awoke to the fact that she was still addressing him, that
+her soft hands were lying on his, that her beautiful eyes were gazing
+entreatingly at him, that her full ripe lips were within a few inches of
+his own. The moon lent her its glamour, and his old love reasserting
+itself with quick, tempestuous force, he drew her into his arms and
+kissed her repeatedly. Some minutes later and they had crossed the
+threshold of the mansion. All was as he had pictured it--grim and
+hushed, and bathed in moonbeams.
+
+The coachman led the way, and with muffled, stealthy footstep conducted
+them across dark halls and along intricate passages, up long and winding
+staircases--all bare and cold; through vast gloomy rooms, the walls and
+floors of which were of black oak, the former richly carved, and in
+places hung with ancient tapestry, displaying the most grotesque and
+startling devices. The windows, long, narrow, and pointed, with
+trellised panes, were at so great a height from the ground that the
+light was limited, and whilst certain spots were illuminated, many of
+the remoter angles and recesses were left in total darkness. Monsieur
+Paul Nicholas did not attempt to explore. At each step he took he fully
+anticipated a something, too dreadful to imagine, would spring out on
+him. The rustling of drapery and the rattling of phantasmagoric armorial
+trophies, in response to the vibration of their footsteps, made his hair
+stand on end, and he was reduced to a state of the most abject terror
+long before they arrived at their destination.
+
+At last he was ushered into a small, bare, dimly lighted room. From the
+centre of the ceiling was suspended an oil lamp, and immediately under
+it was a marble table. Walls and floor were composed of rough uncovered
+granite. The atmosphere was fetid, and tainted with the same peculiar,
+pungent odour noticeable outside.
+
+"This is the room," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Prince Dajarah will be here in
+a minute. Have you your pistol ready?"
+
+"Yes, see!" and Paul Nicholas pulled it out from his coat-pocket and
+showed it her.
+
+"Have you any other weapons?" she asked, examining it curiously.
+
+"Yes, a sheath-knife," Paul Nicholas replied a trifle nervously.
+
+"Let me look at it," Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed. "I have a weakness for
+knives--a rather uncommon trait in a woman, isn't it?"
+
+He handed it to her, and she fingered the blade cautiously. Then with a
+sudden movement she leaped away from him.
+
+"Fool!" she cried. "Do you think I could ever love a man as fat as you?
+The story I told you was a lie from beginning to end. I don't remember
+either of my parents--my mother ran away from home when I was two, and
+my father died the following year. I married entirely of my own free
+will--married the man I loved, and he--happened to be a werwolf!"
+
+"A werwolf!" Paul Nicholas shrieked. "God help me! I thought there were
+no such things!"
+
+"Not in France, perhaps," Mlle de Nurrez said derisively; "but in Spain,
+in the Pyrenees, many! At certain times of the year my husband won't
+touch animal food, and if I didn't procure him human flesh he would die
+of starvation, or in sheer despair eat me. Here he is."
+
+And as she spoke the door opened, and on the threshold stood a
+singularly handsome young man clad in the gay uniform of a Carlist
+general.
+
+"Capital!" he exclaimed, as his eyes fell on Paul. "Magnificent! He is
+quite as fat as the other two. How clever of you, darling!" and throwing
+his arms round her, he embraced her tenderly. A few seconds later and he
+suddenly thrust her from him.
+
+"Quick! quick!" he cried. "Run away, darling! run away instantly. I can
+feel myself changing!" and he pushed her gently to the door.
+
+Mlle de Nurrez took one glance at Paul as she left the room. "Poor
+fool!" she said, half pityingly, half mockingly. "Poor fat fool! Though
+you may no longer believe in women you will certainly believe in
+werwolves--now." And as the door slammed after her, the wildest of
+shrieks from within demonstrated that, for once in her life, Mlle de
+Nurrez had spoken the truth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS
+
+
+Belgium abounds in stories of werwolves, all more or less of the same
+type. As in France, the werwolf, in Belgium, is not restricted to one
+sex, but is, in an equal proportion, common to both.
+
+By far the greater number of werwolfery cases in this country are to be
+met with amongst the sand-dunes on the sea coast. They also occur in the
+district of the Sambre; but I have never heard of any lycanthropous
+streams or pools in Belgium, nor yet of any wolf-producing flowers, such
+as are, at times, found in the Balkan Peninsula.
+
+Though the property of lycanthropy here as elsewhere has been acquired
+through the invocation of spirits--the ceremony being much the same as
+that described in an earlier chapter--nearly all the cases of werwolfery
+in Belgium are hereditary.
+
+In Belgium, as in other Roman Catholic countries, great faith is
+attached to exorcism, and for the expulsion of every sort of "evil
+spirit" various methods of exorcism are employed. For example, a werwolf
+is sprinkled with a compound either of 1/2 ounce of sulphur, 4 drachms
+of asafoetida, 1/4 ounce of castoreum; or of 3/4 ounce of hypericum in
+3 ounces of vinegar; or with a solution of carbolic acid further diluted
+with a pint of clear spring water. The sprinkling must be done over the
+head and shoulders, and the werwolf must at the same time be addressed
+in his Christian name. But as to the success or non-success of these
+various methods of exorcism I cannot make any positive statement. I have
+neither sufficient evidence to affirm their efficacy nor to deny it. Rye
+and mistletoe are considered safeguards against werwolves, as is also a
+sprig from a mountain ash. This latter tree, by the way, attracts evil
+spirits in some countries--Ireland, India, Spain, for instance--and
+repels them in others. It was held in high esteem, as a preservative
+against phantasms and witches, by the Druids, and it may to this day be
+seen growing, more frequently than any other, in the neighbourhood of
+Druidical circles, both in Great Britain and on the Continent.
+
+In many parts of Belgium the peasantry would not consider their house
+safe unless a mountain ash were growing within a few feet of it.
+
+
+A CASE OF WERWOLVES IN THE ARDENNES
+
+A case of werwolfery is reported to have happened, not so long ago, in
+the Ardennes. A young man, named Bernard Vernand, was returning home one
+night from his work in the fields, when his dog suddenly began to bark
+savagely, whilst its hair stood on end. The next moment there was a
+crackle in the hedge by the roadside, and three trampish-looking men
+slouched out. They looked at Vernand, and, remarking that it was
+beautiful weather, followed closely at his heels.
+
+Vernand noticed that the eyebrows of all three met in a point over their
+noses, a peculiarity which gave them a very singular and unpleasant
+appearance. When he quickened his pace, they quickened theirs; whilst
+his dog still continued to bark and show every indication of excessive
+fear. In this way they all four proceeded till they came to a very dark
+spot in the road, where the trees nearly met overhead. The sound of
+their footsteps then suddenly ceased, and Vernand, peeping stealthily
+round, perceived to his horror lurid eyes--that were not the eyes of
+human beings--glaring after him. His dog took to its heels and fled,
+and, ignominious though he felt it to be, Vernand followed suit. The
+next moment there was a chorus of piercing whines, and a loud pattering
+of heavy feet announced the fact that he was pursued.
+
+Fortunately Vernand was a fast runner--he had carried off many prizes in
+races at the village fair--and now that he was running for his life, he
+went like the wind.
+
+But his pursuers were fleet of foot, too, and, despite his pace, they
+gradually gained on him. Happily for Vernand, he retained a certain
+amount of presence of mind, and possessing rather more wit than many of
+the peasants, he suddenly bethought him of a possible avenue of escape.
+In a conversation with the pastor of the village some months before, the
+latter had told him how an old woman had once escaped from a wode[215:1]
+by climbing up a mountain ash. And if, reasoned Vernand, the ash is a
+protection against one form of evil spirits, why not against another? He
+recollected that there was an ash-tree close at hand, and diverting his
+course, he instantly headed for it. Not a moment too soon. As he swarmed
+up the slender trunk, his pursuers--three monstrous werwolves--came to a
+dead halt at the foot of the tree. However, after giving vent to the
+disappointment of losing their supper in a series of prodigious howls,
+they veered round and bounded off, doubtless in pursuit of a less
+knowing prey.
+
+
+A SIMILAR CASE NEAR WATERLOO
+
+A similar case once happened to a young man when returning from Quatre
+Bras to Waterloo. He was attacked by three werwolves and saved himself
+by leaping into a rye-field.
+
+
+A CASE ON THE SAND-DUNES
+
+The following story of werwolfery is of traditional authenticity only:--
+
+Von Grumboldt, a young man of good appearance, and his sweetheart, Nina
+Gosset, were out walking together one evening on the sand-dunes near
+Nina's home, when Von Grumboldt uttered an exclamation of astonishment,
+and bending down, picked up something which he excitedly showed to Nina.
+It was a girdle composed of dark, plaited hair fastened with a plain
+gold buckle. To the young man's surprise Nina shrank away from it.
+
+"Oh!" she cried, "don't touch it! I don't know why--but it gives me such
+a horrid impression. I'm sure there is an unpleasant history attached to
+it."
+
+"Pooh!" Von Grumboldt said laughingly; "that's only your fancy. I think
+it would look remarkably well round your waist," and he made pretence
+to encircle her with it.
+
+Nina, turning very white, fainted, and Von Grumboldt, who was really
+very much in love with her, was greatly alarmed. He ran to a brook,
+fetched some water, and sprinkled her forehead with it. To his intense
+relief his sweetheart soon came to. As soon as she could speak she
+implored him, as he valued her life, on no account to touch her with the
+girdle. To this request Von Grumboldt readily assented, and whistling to
+his dog--a big collie--in spite of Nina's protests and the animal's
+frantic struggles, he playfully fastened the belt round the creature's
+body. Then turning to Nina he began: "Doesn't Nippo (that was the
+collie's name) look fine----" and suddenly left off. The expression in
+Nina's eyes made his blood run cold.
+
+"For Heaven's sake," he cried, "what is it? What's the matter?"
+
+White as death again, Nina pointed a finger, and Von Grumboldt, looking
+in the direction she indicated, saw--not Nippo, but an awful-looking
+thing in Nippo's place--a big black object, partly dog and partly some
+other animal, that grew and grew until, within a few seconds, it had
+grown to at least thrice Nippo's size. With a hideous howl it rushed at
+Von Grumboldt. The latter, though a strong athletic young man, was
+speedily overcome, and being dashed to the ground, would soon have been
+torn to pieces had not Nina, recovering from a temporary helplessness,
+come to the rescue.
+
+Catching hold of the girdle round the creature's body, she unclasped the
+buckle, and in a trice the evil thing had vanished; and there was Nippo,
+his own self, standing before them.
+
+"It is a werwolf belt!" Nina exclaimed, throwing it away from her. "You
+see, I was right; it is devilish, and no doubt belongs to some one near
+here who practises Black Magic--Mad Valerie, perhaps. This cross that I
+wear round my neck, which is made of yew, no doubt warned me of this
+danger and so saved me from an awful fate. You smile!--but I am certain
+of it. The yew-tree is just as efficacious in the case of evil spirits
+as the ash!"
+
+"What shall we do with the beastly thing?" Von Grumboldt asked. "It
+doesn't seem right to leave it here, in case some one else, with less
+sense than you, should find it and a dreadful catastrophe result."
+
+"We must burn it," Nina said. "That's the only way of getting rid of the
+evil influence. Let us do so at once."
+
+Von Grumboldt was nothing loath, and in a few minutes all that remained
+of the lycanthropous girdle was a tiny heap of ashes.
+
+To burn the object to which the lycanthropous property is attached is
+the only recognized method of destroying that property. I have had many
+proofs, too, of the efficacy of burning in the case of superphysical
+influences other than lycanthropy; such, for example, as haunted
+furniture, trees, and buildings; and I am quite sure the one and only
+way to get rid of an occult presence attached to any particular object
+is to burn that object.
+
+I have been told of "burning" having been successfully practised in the
+following cases:--
+
+     _Case No. 1._--A barrow in the North of England that had long
+     been haunted by a Barrowian order of Elemental. (The barrow
+     was excavated, and when the remains therein had been burnt,
+     the hauntings ceased.)
+
+     _Case No. 2._--A cave in Wales haunted by the phantasm of a
+     horse, though, whether the real spirit of the horse or merely
+     an Elemental I cannot say. (On the soil in the cave being
+     excavated, and the several skeletons, presumably of
+     prehistoric animals, found being burnt, there were no longer
+     any disturbances.)
+
+     _Case No. 3._--A house in London containing an oak chest,
+     attached to which was the phantasm of an old woman, who used
+     to disturb the inmates of the place nightly. (On the chest
+     being burnt she was seen no more.)
+
+     _Case No. 4._--A tree in Ireland, haunted every night by a
+     Vagrarian. (Immediately after the tree had been burnt the
+     manifestations ceased.)
+
+Burial is a great mistake. As long as a single bone remains, the spirit
+of the dead person may still be attracted to it, and consequently remain
+earthbound; but when the corpse is cremated, and the ashes scattered
+abroad, then the spirit is set free. And, for this reason alone, I
+advocate cremation as the best method possible of dealing with a corpse.
+
+Before concluding this chapter on the werwolf in Belgium, let me add
+that werwolfery was not the only form of lycanthropy in that country.
+According to Grimm, in his "Deutsche Sagen," two warlocks who were
+executed in the year 1810 at Liége for having, under the form of
+werwolves, killed and eaten several children, had as their colleague a
+boy of twelve years of age. The boy, in the form of a raven, consumed
+those portions of the prey which the warlocks left.
+
+
+WERWOLVES IN THE NETHERLANDS
+
+Cases of werwolves are of less frequent occurrence in Holland than in
+either France or Belgium. Also, they are almost entirely restricted to
+the male sex.
+
+Exorcism here is seldom practised, the working of a spell being the
+usual means employed for getting rid of the evil property. The procedure
+in working the spell is as follows:--
+
+First of all, a night when the moon is in the full is selected. Then at
+twelve o'clock the werwolf is seized, securely bound, and taken to an
+isolated spot. Here, a circle of about seven feet in diameter is
+carefully inscribed on the ground, and in the exact centre of it the
+werwolf is placed, and so fastened that he cannot possibly get away.
+Then three girls--always girls--come forward armed with ash twigs with
+which they flog him most unmercifully, calling out as they do so:--
+
+     "Greywolf ugly, greywolf old,
+      Do at once as you are told.
+      Leave this man and fly away--
+      Right away, far away,
+      Where 'tis night and never day."
+
+They keep on repeating these words and whipping him; and it is not until
+the face, back, and limbs of the werwolf are covered with blood that
+they desist.
+
+The oldest person present then comes forward and gives the werwolf a
+hearty kick, saying as he (or she) does so:--
+
+     "Go, fly, away to the sky;
+      Devil of greywolf, thee we defy.
+      Out, out, with a howl and yell,
+      'Twill carry thee faster and surer to hell."
+
+Every one present then dips a cup or mug in a concoction of sulphur,
+tar, vinegar, and castoreum, just removed from boiling-point, and,
+forming a circle round the werwolf, they souse him all over with this
+unpleasant and painfully hot mixture, calling out as they do so:--
+
+          "Away, away, shoo, shoo, shoo!
+           Do you think we care a jot for you?
+     We'll whip thee again, with a crack, crack, crack!
+     Scourge thee and beat thee till thou art black;
+     Fool of a greywolf, we have thee at last,
+     Back to thy hell home, out of him fast--
+               Fast, fast, fast!
+           Our patience won't last.
+         We'll scratch thee, we'll prick thee,
+         We'll prod thee, we'll scald thee.
+           Fast, fast, out of him, fast!"
+
+They keep on shouting these words over and over again till the liquid
+has given out and the clock strikes one; when, with a final blow or kick
+at the prostrate werwolf, they run away.
+
+The evil spirit is then said to leave the man, who quickly recovers his
+proper shape, and with a loud cry of joy rushes after his friends and
+relations.
+
+When the Spaniards invaded Holland they resorted to a surer, if a
+somewhat more drastic, mode of getting rid of lycanthropy--they burned
+the subject possessed of it.
+
+One of the best known cases of a werwolf in the Netherlands is as
+follows:--
+
+A young man, whilst on his way to a shooting match at Rousse, was
+suddenly startled by hearing loud screams for help proceeding from a
+field a few yards distant. To jump a dike and scramble over a low wall
+was but the work of a few seconds, and in less time than it takes to
+tell, the young man, whose name was Van Renner, found himself face to
+face with a huge grey wolf. Quick as thought, he fitted an arrow to his
+bow, and shot. The missile struck the wolf in the side, and with a howl
+of pain the wounded creature turned tail and fled for his life.
+
+All might now have ended like some delightful romance, for the rescued
+one proved to be an exceedingly attractive maiden, with bright yellow
+hair and big blue eyes; but unfortunately--or perhaps fortunately, who
+knows?--the girl had a husband, and Van Renner a wife; and so, instead
+of the incident being the prelude to a love affair, it was merely an
+occasion for grateful acknowledgment--and--farewell. On his return home
+that evening Van Renner was met with an urgent request to visit his
+friend, the Burgomaster. He hastened to obey the summons, and found the
+Burgomaster in bed, suffering agonies of pain from a wound which he had
+received in his side some hours previously.
+
+"I can't die without telling you," he whispered, clutching Van Renner by
+the hand. "God help me, I'm a werwolf! I've always been one. It's in my
+family--it's hereditary. It was your arrow that has wounded me fatally."
+
+Van Renner was too aghast to speak. He was really fond of the
+Burgomaster, and to think of him a werwolf--well! it was too dreadful to
+contemplate. The dying man gazed eagerly, hungrily, piteously into his
+friend's face.
+
+"Don't say you hate me," he cried. "There is little hope for me, if any,
+in the next world; and in all probability I shall either go direct to
+hell or remain earthbound; but, for God's sake, let me die in the
+knowledge that I leave behind me at least one friend!"
+
+Van Renner tried hard to speak; he made every effort to speak; his lungs
+swelled, his tongue wobbled, the muscles of his lips twitched; but not a
+syllable could he utter--and the Burgomaster died.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[215:1] A phantom horseman, that goes hunting on certain nights in the
+year, accompanied by phantom dogs. The author has witnessed the
+phenomenon himself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK
+
+
+Since so much has already been written upon the subject of werwolves in
+Denmark, it is my intention only to touch upon it briefly. It is, I
+believe, generally acknowledged that, at one time, werwolves were to be
+met with almost daily in Denmark, and that they were almost always of
+the male sex; but I can find no records of any particular form of
+exorcism practised by the Danes with the object of getting rid of the
+werwolf, nor of any spell used by them for the same purpose; neither
+does there appear to be, amongst their traditions, any reference to a
+lycanthropous flower or stream. Opinions differ as to whether werwolves
+are yet to be found in Denmark, but, from all I have heard, I am
+inclined to think that they still exist in the more remote districts of
+that country.
+
+The following case may be regarded as illustrative of a typical Danish
+werwolf:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF PETER ANDERSEN, WERWOLF
+
+Peter Andersen, who was a werwolf by descent, his ancestors having been
+werwolves for countless generations, fell in love with a beautiful young
+girl named Elisa, and without telling her he was a werwolf, for fear
+that she would give him up, married her.
+
+Shortly after his marriage, he was returning home one evening with Elisa
+from a neighbouring fair, where there had been much merrymaking, when,
+suddenly feeling that the metamorphosis was coming on, he got down from
+the cart in which they were driving, and said to his wife, very
+earnestly, "If anything comes towards you, do not be afraid, and do not
+hurt it; merely strike it with your apron." He then ran off at a great
+rate into the fields, leaving Elisa very much surprised and impressed. A
+few minutes afterwards she heard the howl of a wild animal, and, while
+she was holding in the horse and endeavouring to pacify it, a huge grey
+wolf suddenly leaped into the road and sprang at her.
+
+Recollecting what her husband had told her, with wonderful presence of
+mind she whipped off her apron and struck the wolf in the face with it.
+The animal tore at the apron, and biting a piece out of it, turned tail
+and ran away. Some time afterwards Andersen returned, and holding out to
+Elisa the missing piece of her apron, asked if she guessed how he came
+by it.
+
+"Good God, man!" Elisa cried, the pupils of her eyes dilating with
+terror, "it was you! I know it by the expression in your face. Heaven
+preserve me! You're a werwolf!"
+
+"I was a werwolf," Peter said, "but thanks to your brave action in
+throwing the apron in my face, I am one no longer. I know I did wrong in
+not telling you of my misfortune before we were married, but I dreaded
+the idea of losing you. Forgive me, forgive me, I implore you!" and
+Elisa, after some slight hesitation, granted his request.
+
+This method of getting rid of the lycanthropous spirit seems to have
+been (and still to be) the one most in vogue in Denmark.
+
+Another well-known story, of a similar kind, is to the effect that while
+a party of haymakers were at work in a field, a man, who, like Andersen,
+had kept the fact of his being a werwolf from his family, feeling that
+he was about to be transmuted, gave his son injunctions that if an
+animal approached him he was on no account to hurt it, but merely to
+throw his hat at it. The boy promising to obey, the father hastily left
+the field. Some minutes later a grey wolf appeared, swimming a stream.
+It rushed at the boy, who, mad with terror, forgot his father's
+instructions, and struck at it with a pitchfork.
+
+The prongs of the fork, entering the wolf's side, pierced its heart; and
+transmutation again taking place, to the horror of all present there lay
+on the ground, not the body of a beast, but the corpse of the boy's
+father.
+
+In Denmark it is said that if a woman stretches between four sticks the
+membrane of a newly born foal, and creeps through it naked, she will
+bring forth children without pain, but all the boys will be werwolves
+and the girls maras.
+
+As is the case with the werwolf of other countries, the Danish werwolf
+retains its human form by day; but after sunset, unlike the werwolf of
+any other nationality, it sometimes adopts the shape of a dog on three
+legs before it finally metamorphoses into a wolf.
+
+In addition to these methods (alluded to above) of expelling a
+lycanthropous spirit in Denmark, there may be added that of addressing
+the obsessed person as a werwolf and reproaching him roundly. But as I
+have no proof of the effectiveness of this crude mode of exorcism, I
+cannot commit myself to any verdict with regard to it.
+
+
+MARAS
+
+The mara, to which I have briefly alluded in a foregoing chapter, is to
+be met with in Denmark almost as often as the werwolf; and the
+superphysical property, characteristic of the mara no less than of the
+werwolf, justifies me in a somewhat detailed description of the former
+here.
+
+A mara is popularly understood to be a woman by day and at night a
+spirit that torments human beings and horses by sitting astride them and
+causing them nightmare.
+
+In the main I agree with this definition; though I am inclined to think
+that the mara is, in reality, less hoydenish and more subtle and complex
+than public opinion would have us believe. In all probability maras are
+women who have either inherited or, by the practice of Black Magic,
+acquired the faculty of a certain species of projection--differing from
+the projection which is common to both sexes in the following points,
+viz., that it can always be accomplished (during certain hours) at will;
+that it is invariably practised with the sole desire to do ill; that the
+projected spirit is fully conscious of all that is happening around it;
+and that it possesses most--if not all--of the faculties, motives, and
+nervous susceptibilities of the physical body.
+
+Whatever may be the character of the mara by day, she is essentially
+mischievous by night--owing, no doubt, to the fact that this faculty of
+projection has come to her through the occult powers inimical to man.
+
+From the complexity of their nature, maras present the same difficulty
+of classification as werwolves--both are human, both are Elemental, and
+consequently both are an anomaly.
+
+The belief in maras is still prevalent in all parts of Scandinavia,
+including Jutland, whence comes the following case which I quote for the
+purpose of comparison.
+
+
+A CASE OF A MARA IN JUTLAND
+
+Some reapers in a field, near a village in Jutland, came one evening
+upon a naked woman lying under a hedge, apparently asleep. Much
+surprised, they regarded her closely, and at length coming to the
+conclusion that her sleep was not natural, they summoned a shepherd who
+was generally regarded as very intelligent. On seeing the woman the
+shepherd at once said, "She is not a real person, though she looks like
+one. She is a mara, and has stripped for the purpose of riding some one
+to-night." At this there was loud laughter, and the reapers said, "Tell
+us another, Eric. A mara indeed! If this isn't a woman, our mothers are
+not women, for she is just as much of flesh and blood as they are."
+"All right," the shepherd replied, "wait and see." And bending over her,
+he whispered something in her ear, whereupon a queer little animal about
+two inches long came out of the grass, and running up her body,
+disappeared in her mouth. Then Eric pushed her, and she rolled over
+three times, then sprang to her feet, and with a wild startled cry
+leaped a high bush and disappeared. Nor could they, when they ran to the
+other side of the bush, find any traces of her.
+
+Another recorded case is the following:
+
+
+THE MARA OF VILVORDE
+
+Christine Jansen had two lovers--Nielsen and Osdeven. Nielsen, who was a
+very good-looking young man, began to suffer from nightmare. He had the
+most appalling dreams of being strangled and suffocated, and they at
+last grew so frightful, and proved such a strain on his nerves, that he
+was forced to consult a doctor. The doctor attributed the cause to
+indigestion, and prescribed a special diet for him. But it was all of no
+avail; the bad dreams still continued, and Nielsen's health became more
+and more impaired.
+
+At length, when he was almost worn out, having spent the greater part of
+many nights reading instead of sleeping, in order to avoid the
+frightful visions, he happened to mention his insufferable condition to
+Osdeven. Far from ridiculing his rival, Osdeven, with great earnestness,
+encouraged him to relate everything that had happened to him in his
+sleep; and when Nielsen had done so, exclaimed, "I'll tell you what it
+is--these dreams you have are not ordinary nightmares; they are due to a
+mara--I know their type well."
+
+"To a mara!" Nielsen cried; "how ridiculous! Why not say to a
+mise--or--grim? It would be equally sensible; they are all idle
+superstitions."
+
+"So you say now," Osdeven rejoined, "but wait! When you get into bed
+to-night, lie on your back, and in your right hand hold a sharp knife on
+your breast, the point upwards. Remain in this attitude from between
+eleven o'clock till two, and see what happens."
+
+Nielsen laughed, but all the same decided to do as Osdeven suggested.
+Night came, and, knife in hand, he lay in his bed.
+
+Minutes passed, and nothing happening, he was beginning to think what a
+fool he was for wasting his time thus, when suddenly he perceived
+bending over him the luminous figure of a beautiful nude woman, whom, to
+his utter astonishment, he identified as Christine Jansen--Christine
+Jansen in all but expression. The expression in the eyes he now looked
+into was not human--it was hellish. The figure got on the bed and was
+in the act of sitting astride him, when it came in contact with the
+knife. Then it uttered a frightful scream of baffled rage and pain, and
+vanished.
+
+Nielsen, shaking with terror and dreading another visitation, struck a
+light. The point of his knife was dripping with blood.
+
+An hour later, overcome with weariness, he fell asleep, and for the
+first time for weeks his slumber was sound and undisturbed. Awaking in
+the morning much refreshed, he would have attributed his experience to
+imagination or to a dream, had it not been for the spots of blood on the
+bedclothes and the stains on his knife, and this evidence, as to the
+reality of what had happened, was strengthened by his discovery of
+certain circumstances in connexion with Miss Jansen, towards whom his
+sentiments had now undergone a complete change.
+
+Curious to learn if anything had befallen her, he made cautious
+inquiries, and was informed that owing to a sudden indisposition--the
+nature of which was carefully hidden from him--she had been ordered
+abroad, where, in all probability, she would remain indefinitely.
+
+Nielsen now had no more nightmare, and he and Osdeven, becoming firm
+friends, agreed that the next time they fell in love they would take
+good care it was not with a mara.
+
+Another method of getting rid of maras was to sprinkle the air with
+sand, at the same time uttering a brief incantation. For example, in a
+village on the borders of Schleswig-Holstein, a woman who suffered
+agonies from nightmare consulted a man locally reported to be well
+versed in occult matters.
+
+"Make your mind easy," said this man, after she had described her dreams
+to him; "I will soon put an end to your disturbances. It is a mara that
+is tormenting you. Don't be frightened if she suddenly manifests herself
+when I sprinkle this sand, for there will be nothing very alarming in
+her appearance, and she won't be able to harm you." He then proceeded to
+scatter several handfuls about the room, repeating as he did so a brief
+incantation.
+
+He was still occupied thus, when, without a moment's warning, the figure
+of a very tall, naked woman appeared crouching on the bed. With a yell
+of rage she leaped on to the floor, her eyes flashing, and her lips
+twitching convulsively; and raising her hands as if she would like to
+scratch the incantator's face to pieces, she rushed furiously at him.
+
+Far from being intimidated, however, he quite coolly dashed a handful of
+sand in her eyes, whereupon she instantly disappeared. "Now," he said,
+turning to the lady, who was half dead with terror, "you won't have the
+nightmare again"--which prophecy proved to be correct.
+
+These instances will, I think, suffice to show the similarity between
+werwolves and maras. Both anomalies are dependent on properties of an
+entirely baneful nature; and both properties are either hereditary,
+having been established in families through the intercourse of those
+families in ages past with the superphysical Powers inimical to man; or
+are capable of being acquired through the practice of Black Magic.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN
+
+
+As in Denmark, werwolves were once so numerous in Norway and Sweden,
+that these countries naturally came to be regarded as the true home of
+lycanthropy.
+
+With the advent of the tourist, however, and the consequent springing up
+of fresh villages, together with the gradual increase of native
+population, Norway and Sweden have slowly undergone a metamorphosis,
+with the result that it is now only in the most remote districts, such
+as the northern portion of the Kiolen Mountains and the borders of
+Lapland, that werwolves are to be found.
+
+Here, amid the primitive solitude of vast pine forests, flow
+lycanthropous rivers; here, too, grow lycanthropous shrubs and flowers.
+
+Werwolfery in Norway and Sweden is not confined to one sex; it is common
+to both; and in these countries various forms of spells, both for
+invoking and expelling lycanthropous spirits, are current.
+
+As far as I can gather, a Norwegian or Swedish peasant, when he wishes
+to become a werwolf, kneels by the side of a lycanthropous stream at
+midnight, having chosen a night when the moon is in the full, and
+incants some such words as these:--
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the moon shines white
+        Over pine and snow-capped hill;
+      The shadows stray through burn and brae
+        And dance in the sparkling rill.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the devil's light
+        Casts glimmering beams around.
+      The maras dance, the nisses prance
+        On the flower-enamelled ground.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the werwolf's might
+        Makes man and nature shiver.
+      Yet its fierce grey head and stealthy tread
+        Are nought to thee, oh river!
+            River, river, river.
+
+     "Oh water strong, that swirls along,
+        I prithee a werwolf make me.
+      Of all things dear, my soul, I swear,
+        In death shall not forsake thee."
+
+The supplicant then strikes the banks of the river three times with his
+forehead; then dips his head into the river thrice, at each dip gulping
+down a mouthful of the water. This concludes the ceremony--he has
+become a werwolf, and twenty-four hours later will undergo the first
+metamorphosis.
+
+Lycanthropous water is said, by those who dwell near to it, to differ
+from other water in subtle details only--details that would, in all
+probability, escape the notice of all who were not connoisseurs of the
+superphysical. A strange, faint odour, comparable with nothing,
+distinguishes lycanthropous water; there is a lurid sparkle in it,
+strongly suggestive of some peculiar, individual life; the noise it
+makes, as it rushes along, so closely resembles the muttering and
+whispering of human voices as to be often mistaken for them; whilst at
+night it sometimes utters piercing screams, and howls, and groans, in
+such a manner as to terrify all who pass near it. Dogs and horses, in
+particular, are susceptible to its influence, and they exhibit the
+greatest signs of terror at the mere sound of it.
+
+Another means of becoming a werwolf, resorted to by the Swedish and
+Norwegian peasant, consists in the plucking and wearing of a
+lycanthropous flower after sunset, and on a night when the moon is in
+the full. Lycanthropous flowers, no less than lycanthropous water,
+possess properties peculiar to themselves; properties which are,
+probably, only discernible to those who are well acquainted with them.
+Their scent is described as faint and subtly suggestive of death, whilst
+their sap is rather offensively white and sticky. In appearance they are
+much the same as other flowers, and are usually white and yellow.
+
+Yet another method of acquiring the property of lycanthropy consists in
+making: first, a magic circle on the ground, at twelve o'clock, on a
+night when the moon is in the full (there is no strict rule as to the
+magnitude of the circle, though one of about seven feet in diameter
+would seem to be the size most commonly adopted); then, in the centre of
+the circle, a wood fire, heating thereon an iron vessel containing one
+pint of clear spring water, and any seven of the following ingredients:
+hemlock (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), aloe (30 grains), opium (2 to 4-1/2
+drachms), mandrake (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces), solanum (1/2 ounce), poppy
+seed (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), asafoetida (3/4 ounce to 1 ounce), and
+parsley (2 to 3 ounces).
+
+Whilst the mixture is heating, the experimenter prostrates himself in
+front of the fire and prays to the Great Spirit of the Unknown to confer
+on him the property of metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a werwolf. His
+prayers take no one particular form, but are quite extempore; though he
+usually adds to them some such recognised incantation as:--
+
+     "Come, spirit so powerful! come, spirit so dread,
+      From the home of the werwolf, the home of the dead.
+      Come, give me thy blessing! come, lend me thine ear!
+      Oh spirit of darkness! oh spirit so drear!
+
+     "Come, mighty phantom! come, great Unknown!
+      Come from thy dwelling so gloomy and lone.
+      Come, I beseech thee; depart from thy lair,
+      And body and soul shall be thine, I declare.
+
+     "Haste, haste, haste, horrid spirit, haste!
+      Speed, speed, speed, scaring spirit, speed!
+      Fast, fast, fast, fateful spirit, fast!"
+
+He then makes the following formal declaration:--
+
+"I (here insert name) offer to thee, Great Spirit of the Unknown, this
+night (here insert date), my body and soul, on condition that thou
+grantest me, from this night to the hour of my death, the power of
+metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a wolf. I beg, I pray, I implore
+thee--thee, unparalleled Phantom of Darkness, to make me a werwolf--a
+werwolf!"--and striking the ground three times with his forehead, he
+gets up. As soon as the concoction in the vessel is boiling, he dips a
+cup into it, and sprinkles the contents on the ground, repeating the
+action until he has sprinkled the whole interior of the circle.
+
+Then he kneels on the ground close to the fire, and in a loud voice
+cries out, "Come, oh come!" and, if he is fortunate, a phantom suddenly
+manifests itself over the fire. Sometimes the phantom is indefinite--a
+cylindrical, luminous, pillar-like thing, about seven feet in height,
+having no discernible features; sometimes it assumes a definite shape,
+and appears either as a monstrous hooded figure with a death's head, or
+as a sub-human, sub-animal type of Elemental.
+
+Whatever form the Unknown adopts, it is invariably terrifying. It never
+speaks, but indicates its assent by stretching out an arm, or what
+serves as an arm, and then disappears. It never remains visible for more
+than half a minute. As soon as it vanishes the supplicant, who is always
+half mad with terror, springs from the ground and rushes home--or
+anywhere to get again within reach of human beings. By the morning,
+however, all his fears have departed; and at sunset he creeps off into
+the forest, or into some equally secluded spot, to experience, for the
+first time, the extraordinary sensations of metamorphosing into a wolf,
+or, perhaps, a semi-wolf, _i.e._, a creature half man and half wolf; for
+the degree of metamorphosis varies according to locality. The hour of
+metamorphosis also varies according to locality--though it is at sunset
+that the change most usually takes place, the transmutation back to man
+generally occurring at dawn.
+
+When a werwolf, in human shape at the time, is killed, he sometimes
+(not always) metamorphoses into a wolf, and if in wolf's form at the
+time he is killed he sometimes (not always) metamorphoses into a human
+being--here again the nature of the transmutation depending on locality.
+
+In certain of the forests of Sweden dwell old women called Vargamors,
+who are closely allied to werwolves, and exercise complete control over
+all the wolves in the neighbourhood, keeping the latter well supplied in
+food. As an illustration of the Vargamor I have chosen the following
+story:--
+
+
+LISO OF SOROA
+
+Liso was thoroughly spoilt. Every one had told her how beautiful she was
+from the day she had first learned to walk, and, consequently, it was
+only natural that when she grew up she cared for no one but herself, and
+for nothing so much as gazing at herself in the looking-glass and
+expatiating on the loveliness of her own reflection. As a girl at home
+she was allowed to do precisely what she liked--neither father nor
+mother, relatives (with one exception) nor friends ever thwarted her;
+and when she married it was the same: her husband bowed down to her, and
+was always ready to indulge her every wish and whim.
+
+She had three children, two boys and a girl, whom she occasionally
+condescended to notice; but only when there was nothing else at hand to
+entertain her.
+
+The one person of whom Liso stood in awe was her aunt, a rich old lady
+with distinct views of her own, and a vigorous method of expressing
+them. Now, one of the old lady's peculiar ideas--at least peculiar in
+Liso's estimation--was that woman was made to be man's helpmate, and
+that married women should think of their husbands first, their children
+next, and themselves last--an order of consideration which Liso thought
+was exactly the reverse of what it should be.
+
+Had her aunt been poor, it is quite certain that Liso would have had
+nothing whatsoever to do with her. But circumstances alter cases. This
+aunt was rich, and, moreover, had no one more nearly related to her than
+Liso.
+
+One day, in the depth of winter, Liso received a letter from her aunt
+containing a pressing invitation to start off at once on a visit to the
+latter at Skatea, a small town some twelve miles from Soroa. "Bring your
+children," so the letter ran, "I should so love to see them, and stay
+the night." Liso was greatly annoyed. She had just arranged a meeting
+with one of her numerous lovers, and this invitation upset everything.
+However, as it was of vital importance to her to keep in with her aunt,
+she at once decided to put off her previous engagement and take her
+children to see their rich old relative.
+
+Hoping that her lover might perhaps join her on the road and thus
+convert a boring journey into a pleasant pastime, Liso, in spite of her
+husband's entreaties, refused to take a servant, and insisted upon
+driving herself. As she had anticipated, her lover met her on the
+outskirts of the town, but, to her chagrin, was unable to accompany her
+any part of the way to Skatea. He was most profuse in his apologies,
+adding, "I wish you weren't going; I hear the road you will be
+traversing is infested with bears and wolves."
+
+"Thank you!" she exclaimed mockingly, "I am not afraid, if you are. I
+can quite understand now why you cannot come. Good-bye!" And with a
+haughty inclination of her head she drove off, without deigning to
+notice the young man's outstretched hand. Liso was now in a very bad
+temper; and, having no other means of venting it, savagely silenced the
+children whenever they attempted to speak.
+
+The vehicle in which the party travelled was a light sledge, drawn by
+one horse only--a beast of matchless beauty and size, which, under
+ordinary circumstances, could cover twelve miles in an almost
+inconceivably short space of time. But now, owing to a heavy fall of
+snow, the track, though well beaten, was heavy, and the piled-up snow
+on each side so deep that to turn back, without the risk of sticking
+fast, was an impossibility.
+
+The first half of the journey passed without accident, and they were
+skirting the borders of a pine forest when Liso suddenly became
+conscious of a suspicious noise behind her. Looking round, she saw, to
+her horror, a troop of gaunt grey wolves issue from the forest and
+commence running after the sledge. She instantly slashed the horse with
+her whip, and the next moment the chase began in grim earnest. But,
+gallop as fast as it would, the horse could not outpace the wolves, whom
+hunger had made fleet as the wind, and it was not many minutes before
+two of the biggest of them appeared on either side of the vehicle.
+Though their intention was, in all probability, only to attack the
+horse, yet the safety both of Liso and the children depended on the
+preservation of the animal.
+
+It was indeed a beautiful creature, and the danger only enhanced its
+value; it seemed, in fact, almost entitled to claim for its preservation
+an extraordinary sacrifice. And Liso did not hesitate. It was one life
+against three--the world would excuse her, if God did not.
+
+"You, Charles," she said hoarsely, "you are the eldest; it is your duty
+to go first"--and before Charles had time to realize what was
+happening, she had gripped him round the waist, and with strength
+generated by the crisis hurled him into the snow. She did not see where
+he fell--the sledge was moving far too fast for that; but she heard the
+sound of the concussion, and then frantic screaming, accompanied by
+howls of triumph and joyful yapping. There was a momentary lull--only
+momentary--and then the patting footsteps recommenced.
+
+Nearer and nearer they came, until she could hear a deep and regular
+pant, pant, pant, drowned every now and then by prolonged howls and
+piercing, nerve-racking whines. Once again two murder-breathing forms
+are racing along at the side of the sledge, biting and snapping at the
+horse's legs with their gleaming, foam-flecked jaws.
+
+"George," Liso shouted, "you must go now. You are a boy, and boys and
+men should always die to save their sisters." But George, though
+younger, was not so easy to dispose of as Charles. Charles had been
+taken unawares, but George guessed what was coming and was on his guard.
+
+"No, no," he cried, clinging on to the sledge with both his chubby
+hands. "The wolves will eat me! Take sissy."
+
+"Wretch!" shrieked Liso, boxing his ears furiously. "Selfish little
+wretch! So this is the result of all the kindness I have lavished on
+you. Let go at once"--and tearing at his baby wrists with all her
+might, she succeeded in loosening them, and the next instant he was in
+the road.
+
+Then there was a repetition of what had happened before--a few wild
+screeches, savage howls of triumph, and snarls and grunts that suggested
+much. Then--comparative quiet, and then--patterings. Mad with fear, Liso
+stood up and lashed the horse. God of mercy! there was now only one more
+life between hers and the fate that, of all fates in the world, seemed
+to her just then to be the most dreadful. With the thick and gloomy
+forest before and behind her, and the nearer and nearer trampling of her
+ravenous pursuers, she almost collapsed from sheer anguish; but the
+thought of all her beauty perishing in such an ignominious and painful
+fashion braced her up. Perhaps, too--at least, let us hope
+so--underlying it all, though so much in the background, there was a
+genuine longing to save the little mite--her exact counterpart, so
+people said--that nestled its sunny head in the folds of her soft and
+costly sealskin coat.
+
+She did not venture to look behind her, only in front--at the seemingly
+never-ending white track; at the dense mass of trees--trees that shook
+their heads mockingly at her as the wind rustled through them; at the
+great splash of red right across the sky, so horribly remindful of
+blood that she shuddered. Night birds hoot; wild cats glare down at her;
+and shadows of every kind glide noiselessly out from behind the great
+trunks, and await her approach with inexplicable flickerings and
+flutterings.
+
+All at once two rough paws are laid on her shoulders, and the wide-open,
+bloody jaws of an enormous wolf hang over her head. It is the most
+ferocious beast of the troop, which, having partly missed its leap at
+the sledge, is dragged along with it, in vain seeking with its hinder
+legs for a resting-place to enable it to get wholly on to the frail
+vehicle. Liso looks down at the little girl beside her and their eyes
+meet.
+
+"Not me! not me!" the tiny one cried, clutching hold of her wrist in its
+anxiety. "I have been good, have I not? You will not throw me into the
+snow like the others?" Liso's lips tightened. The weight of the body of
+the wolf drew her gradually backwards--another minute and she would be
+out of the sledge. Her life was of assuredly more value than that of the
+child. Besides, one so young would not feel the horrors of death so
+acutely as she would, who was grown up. Anything rather than such a
+devilish ending. Providence willed it--Providence must bear the
+responsibility. And, steeling her soul to pity, she snatches up her
+daughter and throws her into the gleaming jaws of the wolf, which,
+springing off the sledge, hastily departs with its prey into the forest,
+where it is followed by hosts of other wolves. Exhausted, stunned,
+senseless--for her escape has been extremely narrow--Liso drops the
+reins, and, sinking back into the luxurious cushions of the vehicle,
+gives a great sigh of relief and shuts her eyes.
+
+Meantime the trees grow thinner, and an isolated house, to which a
+side-road leads, appears at no great distance off. The horse, left to
+itself, follows this new path; it enters through an open gate, and,
+panting and foaming, comes to a dead halt before a ponderous oak door
+studded with huge iron nails. Presently Liso recovers. She finds herself
+seated before a roaring fire; and a woman with a white face, dark,
+piercing eyes, and a beak-like nose, is bending over her. The woman
+presents such an extraordinary spectacle that Liso is oblivious of
+everything else, and gazes at her with a cold sensation of fear creeping
+down her spine.
+
+"You've had a narrow escape," the woman presently exclaims in peculiarly
+hoarse tones. "And the danger is not over yet! Listen!" To Liso's terror
+an inferno of howls and whines sounds from the yard outside, and she
+sees, gleaming in at her through the window-panes, scores of wild, hairy
+faces with pale, lurid eyes. "They are there!" the woman remarks, a
+saturnine smile in her eyes and playing round her lips. "There--all
+ready to rend and tear you to pieces as they did your children--your
+three pretty, loving children. I've only to open the door, and in they
+will rush!"
+
+"But you won't," Liso gasped feebly. "You won't be so cruel. Besides,
+they could eat you, too."
+
+"Oh no, they couldn't," the woman laughed. "I'm a Vargamor. Every one of
+these wolves knows me and loves me as a mother. With you it is very
+different. Shall I----?"
+
+"Oh no! for pity's sake spare me!" Liso cried, throwing herself at the
+woman's feet and catching hold of her hands. "Spare me, and I will do
+anything you want."
+
+"Well," said the woman, after some consideration, "I will spare you on
+one condition, namely, that you live with me and do the housework; I'm
+getting too old for it."
+
+"I suppose I may see my family occasionally?" Liso said.
+
+"No!" the old woman snapped, "you may not. You must never go out of
+sight of this house. Now, what do you say? Recollect, it is either that
+or the wolves! Quick," and she hobbled to the door as she spoke.
+
+"I've chosen!" Liso shrieked. "I'll stay with you. Anything rather than
+such an awful death. Tell me what I have to do and I'll begin at once."
+
+The old woman took her at her word. She speedily set Liso a task, and
+from that time onward, kept her so continuously employed, not allowing
+her a moment to herself, that her life soon became unbearable. She tried
+to escape, but each time she left the house the fierce howling of the
+wolves sent her back to it in terror, and she discovered that, night and
+day, certain of the beasts were supervising her movements. After she had
+been there a week the old woman said to her, "I fear it is useless to
+think of keeping you any longer! Times are bad--food is scarce. The
+wolves are hungry--I must give you to them."
+
+But Liso fell on her knees and pleaded so hard that the Vargamor
+relented, "Well, well!" she said, "I will spare you, provided you can
+procure me a substitute. If you like to sit down and write to some one I
+will see that the note is delivered."
+
+Then Liso, almost beside herself at the thought of the hungry wolves,
+sat down and wrote a letter to her husband, telling him she had met with
+an accident, and desiring him to come to her at once. She dared not give
+him the slightest hint as to what had actually befallen her, as she knew
+the old woman would read the letter.
+
+When she had finished her note, the Vargamor took it, and for the next
+twelve hours Liso had a very anxious time.
+
+"If he doesn't come soon," the old woman at length said to her, with an
+evil chuckle, "I shall have to let the wolves in. They are famishing;
+and I, too, want something tastier than rabbits and squirrels."
+
+The minutes passed, and Liso was nearly fainting with suspense, when
+there suddenly broke on her ears the distant tramp of horses' feet; and
+in a very few moments a droshky dashed up to the door.
+
+"Call him in here," the Vargamor said, "and run up and hide in your
+bedroom. My pets and I will enjoy him all the better by the fire, and
+there won't be so much risk of them being hurt."
+
+Liso, afraid to do otherwise, ran up the rickety ladder leading to her
+room, shouting as she did so, "Oscar! Oscar! come in, come in."
+
+The joyful note in her husband's voice as he replied to her invitation
+struck a new chord in Liso's nature--a chord which had been there all
+the time, but had got choked and clogged through over-indulgence. Full
+of a courage that dared anything in its determination to save him, she
+crept cautiously down the stairs, and just as he crossed the threshold,
+and the Vargamor was about to summon the wolves, she dashed up to the
+old woman and struck her with all her might. Then, seizing her husband,
+she dragged him out of the house, and, hustling him into the carriage,
+jumped in by his side and told the coachman to drive home with the
+utmost speed.
+
+All this was done in less time than it takes to tell, and once again the
+familiar sounds of pattering--patterings on the snow in the wake of the
+carriage--fell on Liso's ears, and all the old horrors of the preceding
+journey came back to her with full force.
+
+Slowly, despite the fact that there were two horses now, the wolves
+gained on them, and once again the same harrowing question arose in
+Liso's mind. Some one must be sacrificed. Which should it be? The
+coachman! without doubt the coachman. He was only a poor, uneducated
+man, a hireling, and his life was as nothing compared either with that
+of her husband or her own.
+
+But she now remembered that Oscar, though usually a mere straw in her
+hands, and ready to do anything she asked him, had one or two
+peculiarities--fondness for children and animals, and a great respect
+for life--life in every grade. Would he consent to sacrifice the
+coachman? And as she glanced at him, a feeling of awe came over her.
+What a big, strong man this husband of hers was, and what strength he
+had--strength of all kinds, physical as well as mental--if he cared to
+exert it. But then he loved, worshipped, and adored her; he would never
+treat her with anything but the utmost deference and kindness, no matter
+what she said or did. Still, when she got ready to whisper the fatal
+suggestion in his ear, her heart failed her. And then the new something
+within her--that something that had already spoken and seemed inclined
+to be painfully officious--once more asserted itself. The coachman was
+married, he had children--four people dependent on him, four hearts that
+loved him! With her it was different: no one was actually dependent on
+her--there were no children now! Nothing but the memory of them!
+Memory--what a hateful thing it was! She had forced them to give her
+their lives; would it not be some atonement for her act if she were now
+to offer hers? She made the offer--breathed it with a shuddering soul
+into her husband's ears--and with a great round oath he rejected it.
+
+"What! You! Let you be thrown to the wolves?" he roared. "No--sooner
+than that, ten thousand times sooner, I will jump out! But I don't think
+there is any need. Knowing there were wolves about, I brought arms. If
+occasion arises we can easily account for half of them. But we shall
+outdistance them yet."
+
+He spoke the truth. Bit by bit the powerful horses drew away from the
+pack, and ere the last trees of the forest were passed, the howlings
+were no longer heard and all danger was at an end.
+
+Then, and not till then, did Oscar learn what had become of the
+children.
+
+He listened to Liso's explanation in silence, and it was not until she
+had finished that the surprise came. She was anticipating
+commiseration--commiseration for the awful hell she had undergone. She
+little guessed the struggle that was taking place beneath her husband's
+seemingly calm exterior. The revelation came with an abruptness that
+staggered her. "Woman!" he cried, "you are a murderess. Sooner than have
+sacrificed your children you should have suffered three deaths
+yourself--that is the elementary instinct of all mothers, human and
+otherwise. You are below the standard of a beast--of the Vargamor you
+slew. Go! go back to those parents who bore you, and tell them I'll have
+nought to do with you--that I want a woman for my wife, not a
+monstrosity."
+
+He bade the coachman pull up, and, alighting, told the man to drive Liso
+to the home of her parents.
+
+But Liso did not hear him--she sat huddled up on the seat with her eyes
+staring blankly before her. For the first time in her life she was
+conscious that she loved!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND
+
+
+The Bersekir of Iceland are credited with the rare property of dual
+metamorphosis--that is to say, they are credited with the power of being
+able to adopt the individual forms of two animals--the bear and the
+wolf.
+
+For substantiation as to the _bona-fide_ existence of this rare property
+of dual metamorphosis one has only to refer to the historical literature
+of the country (the authenticity of which is beyond dispute), wherein
+many cases of it are recorded.
+
+The following story, illustrative of dual metamorphosis, was told to me
+on fairly good authority.
+
+A very unprepossessing Bersekir, named Rerir, falling in love with
+Signi, the beautiful daughter of a neighbouring Bersekir, proposed to
+her and was scornfully rejected. Smarting under the many insults that
+had been heaped on him--for Signi had a most cutting tongue--Rerir, who,
+like most of the Bersekir, was both a werwolf and a wer-bear, resolved
+to be revenged. Assuming the shape of a bear--the animal he deemed the
+more formidable--Rerir stole to the house where Signi and her parents
+lived, and climbing on the roof, tore away at it with his claws till he
+had made a hole big enough to admit him. Dropping through the aperture
+he had thus effected, he alighted on the top of some one in bed--one of
+the servants of the house--whom he hugged to death before she had time
+to utter a cry. He then stole out into the passage and made his way,
+cautiously and noiselessly, to the room in which he imagined Signi
+slept. Here, however, instead of finding the object of his passions, he
+came upon her parents, one of whom--the mother--was awake; and aiming a
+blow at the latter's head, he crushed in her skull with one stroke of
+his powerful paw. The noise awoke Signi's father, who, taking in the
+situation at a glance, also metamorphosed into a bear and straightway
+closed with his assailant. A desperate encounter between the two
+wer-animals now commenced, and the whole household, aroused from their
+slumber, came trooping in. For some time the issue of the combat was
+dubious, both adversaries being fairly well matched. But at length
+Rerir began to prevail, and Signi's father cried out for some one to
+help him. Then Signi, anxious to save her parent's life, seized a knife,
+and, aiming a frantic blow, inadvertently struck her father, who
+instantly sank on the ground, leaving her at the mercy of his furious
+opponent.
+
+With a loud snarl of triumph, Rerir rushed at the girl, and was bearing
+her triumphantly away, when the cook--an old woman who had followed the
+fortunes of the Bersekir all her life--had a sudden inspiration.
+Standing on a shelf in the corner of the room was a jar containing a
+preparation of sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, which her mistress
+had always given her to understand was a preventive against evil
+spirits. Snatching it up, she darted after the wer-bear and flung the
+contents of it in its face, just as it was about to descend the stairs
+with Signi. In a moment there was a sudden and startling metamorphosis,
+and in the place of the bear stood the ugly, misshapen man, Rerir.
+
+The hunchback now would gladly have departed without attempting further
+mischief; for although the household boasted no man apart from its
+incapacitated master, there were still three formidable women and some
+big dogs to be faced.
+
+But to let him escape, after the irreparable harm he had done, was the
+very last thing Signi would permit; and with an air of stern authority
+she commanded the servants to fall on him with any weapons they could
+find, whilst she would summon the hounds.
+
+Now, indeed, the tables were completely turned. Rerir was easily
+overpowered and bound securely hand and foot by Signi and her servants,
+and after undergoing a brief trial the following morning he was
+summarily executed.
+
+Those Icelanders who possessed the property of metamorphosis into wolves
+and bears (they were always of the male sex), more often than not used
+it for the purpose of either wreaking vengeance or of executing justice.
+The terrible temper--for the rage of the Bersekir has been a byword for
+centuries--commonly attributed to Icelanders and Scandinavians in
+general, is undoubtedly traceable to the werwolves and wer-bears into
+which the Bersekirs metamorphosed.
+
+It is said that in Iceland there are both lycanthropous streams and
+flowers, and that they differ little if at all from those to be met with
+in other countries.
+
+
+THE WERWOLVES OF LAPLAND
+
+In Lapland werwolves are still much to the fore. In many families the
+property is hereditary, whilst it is not infrequently sought and
+acquired through the practice of Black Magic. Though, perhaps, more
+common among males, there are, nevertheless, many instances of it among
+females.
+
+The following case comes from the country bordering on Lake Enara.
+
+The child of a peasant woman named Martha, just able to trot alone, and
+consequently left to wander just where it pleased, came home one morning
+with its forehead apparently licked raw, all its fingers more or less
+injured, and two of them seemingly sucked and mumbled to a mere pulp.
+
+On being interrogated as to what had happened, it told a most astounding
+tale: A very beautiful lady had picked it up and carried it away to her
+house, where she had put it in a room with her three children, who were
+all very pretty and daintily dressed. At sunset, however, both the lady
+and her children metamorphosed into wolves, and would undoubtedly have
+eaten it, had they not satiated their appetites on a portion of a girl
+which had been kept over from the preceding day. The newcomer was
+intended for their meal on the morrow, and obeying the injunctions of
+their mother, the young werwolves had forborne to devour the child,
+though they had all tasted it.
+
+The child's parents were simply dumbfounded--they could scarcely credit
+their senses--and made their offspring repeat its narrative over and
+over again. And as it stuck to what it had said, they ultimately
+concluded that it was true, and that the lady described could be none
+other than Madame Tonno, the wife of their landlord and patron--a person
+of immense importance in the neighbourhood.
+
+But what could they do? How could they protect their children from
+another raid?
+
+To accuse the lady, who was rich and influential, of being a werwolf
+would be useless. No one would believe them--no one dare believe
+them--and they would be severely punished for their indiscretion. Being
+poor, they were entirely at her mercy, and if she chose to eat their
+children, they could not prevent her, unless they could catch her in the
+act.
+
+One evening the mother was washing clothes before the door of her house,
+with her second child, a little girl of four years of age, playing about
+close by. The cottage stood in a lonely part of the estate, forming
+almost an island in the midst of low boggy ground; and there was no
+house nearer than that of M. Tonno. Martha, bending over her wash-tub,
+was making every effort to complete her task, when a fearful cry made
+her look up, and there was the child, gripped by one shoulder, in the
+jaws of a great she-wolf, the arm that was free extended towards her.
+Martha was so close that she managed to clutch a bit of the child's
+clothing in one hand, whilst with the other she beat the brute with all
+her might to make it let go its hold. But all in vain: the relentless
+jaws did not show the slightest sign of relaxing, and with a saturnine
+glitter in its deep-set eyes it emitted a hoarse burr-burr, and set off
+at full speed towards the forest, dragging the mother, who was still
+clinging to the garment of her child, with it.
+
+But they did not long continue thus. The wolf turned into some low-lying
+uneven track, and Martha, falling over the jagged trunk of a tree, found
+herself lying on the ground with only a little piece of torn clothing
+tightly clasped in her hand. Hitherto, comforted by Martha's presence,
+the little one had not uttered a sound; but now, feeling itself
+deserted, it gave vent to the most heartrending screams--screams that
+abruptly disturbed the silence of that lonely spot and pierced to the
+depths of Martha's soul. In an instant she rose, and, dashing on,
+bounded over stock and stone, tearing herself pitiably, but heeding it
+not in her intense anxiety to save her child. But the wolf had now
+increased its speed; the undergrowth was thick, the ground heavier, and
+soon screams became her only guide. Still on and on she dashed, now
+snatching up a little shoe which was clinging to the bushes, now
+shrieking with agony as she saw fragments of the child's hair and
+clothes on the low jagged boughs obstructing her path. On, on, on, until
+the screams grew fainter, then louder, and then ceased altogether.
+
+Late that night the husband, Max, found his wife lying dead, just
+outside the grounds of his patron's château. Guessing what had happened,
+and having but one thought in his mind--namely, revenge--Max, arming
+himself with the branch of a tree, marched boldly up to the house, and
+rapped loudly at the door.
+
+M. Tonno answered this peremptory summons himself, and demanded in an
+angry voice what Max meant by daring to announce himself thus.
+
+Max pointed in the direction of the corpse. "That!" he shrieked; "that
+is the reason of my visit. Madame Tonno is a werwolf--she has murdered
+both my wife and child, and I am here to demand justice."
+
+"Come inside," M. Tonno said, the tone of his voice suddenly changing.
+"We can discuss the matter indoors in the privacy of my study." And he
+conducted Max to a room in the rear of the house.
+
+But no sooner had Max crossed the threshold than the door was slammed
+on him, and he found himself a prisoner. He turned to the window, but
+there was no hope there--it was heavily barred. But although a
+peasant--and a fool, so he told himself, to have thus deliberately
+walked into a trap--Max was not altogether without wits, and he searched
+the room thoroughly, eventually discovering a loose board. Tearing it
+up, he saw that the space under the floor--that is to say, between the
+floor and the foundation of the house--was just deep enough for him to
+lie there at full length. Here, then, was a possible avenue of escape.
+Setting to work, he succeeded, after much effort, in wrenching up
+another board, and then another, and getting into the excavation thus
+made, he worked his way along on his stomach, until he came to a
+grating, which, to his utmost joy, proved to be loose. It was but the
+work of a few minutes to force it out and to dislodge a few bricks, and
+Max was once again free. His one idea now was to tell his tale to his
+brother peasants and rouse them to immediate action, and with this end
+in view he set off running at full speed to the nearest settlement.
+
+The peasants of Lapland are slow and stolid and take a lot of rousing,
+but when once they are roused, few people are so terrible.
+
+Fortunately for Max, he was not the only sufferer; several other people
+in the neighbourhood had lately lost their children, and the story he
+told found ready credence. In less than an hour a large body of men and
+women, armed with every variety of weapon, from a sword to a pitchfork,
+had gathered together, and setting off direct to the château, they
+surrounded it on all sides, and forcing an entrance, seized M. Tonno and
+his werwolf wife and werwolf children, and binding them hand and foot,
+led them to the shores of Lake Enara and drowned them. They then went
+back to the house and, setting fire to it, burned it to the ground, thus
+making certain of destroying any werwolf influence it might still
+contain.
+
+With this wholesale extermination a case that may be taken as a
+characteristic type of Lapland lycanthropy in all its grim and sordid
+details concludes.
+
+
+FINLAND WERWOLVES
+
+Finland teems with stories of werwolves--stories ancient and modern, for
+the werwolf is said to still flourish in various parts of the country.
+
+The property is not restricted to one sex; it is equally common to both.
+Spells and various forms of exorcism are used, and certain streams are
+held to be lycanthropous.
+
+However, in Finland as in Scandinavia, it is very difficult to procure
+information as to werwolves. The common peasant, who alone knows
+anything about the anomaly, is withheld by superstition from even
+mentioning its name; and if he mentions a werwolf at all, designates him
+only as the "old one," or the "grey one," or the "great dog," feeling
+that to call this terror by its true name is a sure way to exasperate
+it. It is only by strategy one learns from a peasant that when a fine
+young ox is found in the morning breathing hard, his hide bathed in
+foam, and with every sign of fright and exhaustion, while, perhaps, only
+one trifling wound is discovered on the whole body, which swells and
+inflames as if poison had been infused, the animal generally dying
+before night; and that when, on examination of the corpse, the
+intestines are found to be torn as with the claws of a wolf, and the
+whole body is in a state of inflammation, it is accounted certain that
+the mischief has been caused by a werwolf.
+
+It is thus a werwolf serves his quarry when he kills for the mere love
+of killing, and not for food.
+
+In Finland, perhaps more than in other countries, werwolves are credited
+with demoniacal power, and old women who possess the property of
+metamorphosing into wolves are said to be able to paralyse cattle and
+children with their eyes, and to have poison in their nails, one wound
+from which causes certain death.
+
+To illustrate the foregoing I have selected an incident which happened
+near Diolen, a village on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, at
+the distance of about a hundred wersts from the ancient city of Mawa.
+Here vegetation is of a more varied and luxuriant kind than is usually
+found in the Northern latitude; the oak and the bela, intermingled with
+rich plots of grass, grow at the very edge of the sea--a phenomenon
+accountable for by the fact that the Baltic is tideless.
+
+For about half a werst in breadth, the shore continues a level,
+luxuriant stretch, when it suddenly rises in three successive cliffs,
+each about a hundred feet in height, and placed about the same space of
+half a werst, one behind the other, like huge steps leading to the
+table-land above. In some places the rocks are completely hidden from
+the view by a thick fence of trees, which take root at their base, while
+each level is covered by a minute forest of firs, in which grow a
+variety of herbs and shrubs, including the English whitethorn, and wild
+strawberries.
+
+It was to gather the latter that Savanich and his seven-year-old son,
+Peter, came one afternoon early in summer. They had filled two baskets
+and were contemplating returning home with their spoil, when Caspan, the
+big sheepdog, uttered a low growl.
+
+"Hey, Caspan, what is it?" Peter cried. "Footsteps! And such curious
+ones!"
+
+"They are curious," Savanich said, bending down to examine them. "They
+are larger and coarser than those of Caspan, longer in shape, and with a
+deep indentation of the ball of the foot. They are those of a wolf--an
+old one, because of the deepness of the tracks. Old wolves walk heavy.
+And here's a wound the brute has got in its paw. See! there is a slight
+irregularity on the print of the hind feet, as if from a dislocated
+claw. We must be on our guard. Wolves are hungry now: the waters have
+driven them up together, and the cattle are not let out yet. The beast
+is not far off, either. An old wolf like this will prowl about for days
+together, round the same place, till he picks up something."
+
+"I hope it won't attack us, father," Peter said, catching hold of
+Savanich by the hand. "What should you do if it did?"
+
+But before Savanich could reply, Caspan gave a loud bark and dashed into
+the thicket, and the next moment a terrible pandemonium of yells, and
+snorts, and sharp howls filled the air. Drawing his knife from its
+sheath, and telling Peter to keep close at his heels, Savanich followed
+Caspan and speedily came upon the scene of the encounter. Caspan had
+hold of a huge grey wolf by the neck, and was hanging on to it like grim
+death, in spite of the brute's frantic efforts to free itself.
+
+There was but little doubt that the brave dog would have, eventually,
+paid the penalty for its rashness--for the wolf had mauled it badly, and
+it was beginning to show signs of exhaustion through loss of blood--had
+not Savanich arrived in the nick of time. A couple of thrusts from his
+knife stretched the wolf on the ground, when, to his utmost horror, it
+suddenly metamorphosed into a hideous old hag.
+
+"A werwolf!" Savanich gasped, crossing himself. "Get out of her way,
+Peter, quick!"
+
+But it was too late. Thrusting out a skinny hand, the hag scratched
+Peter on the ankle with the long curved, poisonous nail of her
+forefinger. Then, with an evil smile on her lips, she turned over on her
+back, and expired. And before Peter could be got home he, too, was dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA
+
+
+The ideal home of all things weird and uncanny--is cold, grey, gaunt,
+and giant Russia. Nowhere is the werwolf so much in evidence to-day as
+in the land of the Czar, where all the primitive conditions favourable
+to such anomalies, still exist, and where they have undergone but little
+change in the last ten thousand years.
+
+A thinly-populated country--vast stretches of wild uncultivated land,
+full of dense forests, rich in trees most favourable to Elementals, and
+watered by deep, silent tarns, and stealthily moving streams,--its very
+atmosphere is impregnated with lycanthropy.
+
+At the base of giant firs and poplars, or poking out their heads
+impudently, from amidst brambles and ferns, are werwolf flowers--flowers
+with all the characteristics of those found in Hungary and the Balkan
+Peninsula, but of a greater variety. There are, for example, in
+addition to the white, yellow, and red species, those of a bluish-white
+hue, that emit a glow at night like the phosphorescent glow emanating
+from decaying animal and vegetable matter; and those of a brilliant
+orange, covered with black, protruding spots, suggestive of some
+particularly offensive disease, that show a marked preference for damp
+places, and are specially to be met with growing in the slime and mud at
+the edge of a pool, or in the soft, rotten mould of morasses.
+
+Werwolves haunt the plains, too--the great barren, undulating deserts
+that roll up to the foot of the Urals, Caucasus, Altai, Yablonoi, and
+Stanovoi Mountains--and the Tundras along the shores of the Arctic
+Ocean--dreary swamps in summer and ice-covered wastes in winter. Here,
+at night, they wander over the rough, stony, arid ground, picking their
+way surreptitiously through the scant vegetation, and avoiding all
+frequented localities; pausing, every now and then, to slake their
+thirst in deep sunk wells, or to listen for the sounds of quarry. Hazel
+hen, swans, duck, geese, squirrels, hares, elk, reindeer, roes,
+fallowdeer, and wild sheep, all are food to the werwolf, though nothing
+is so heartily appreciated by it as fat tender children or young and
+plump women.
+
+In its nocturnal ramblings the werwolf often encounters enemies--bears,
+wolves, and panthers--with which it struggles for dominion--dominion of
+forest, plain and mountain; and when the combat ends to its
+disadvantage, its metamorphosed corpse is at once devoured by its
+conqueror.
+
+Of all parts of Russia, the werwolf loves best the Caucasus and Ural
+Mountains. They are to Russia what the Harz Mountains were to Germany,
+centuries ago--the head-quarters of all manner of psychic phenomena, the
+happy hunting ground of phantom and fairy; and over them still lingers,
+almost, if not quite, as forcibly as ever, the glamour and mystery
+inseparable from the superphysical.
+
+Times without number have the great black beetling crags of these
+mountains been scaled by the furry, sinewy feet of werwolves; times
+without number have the shadows of these anomalies fallen on the
+moon-kissed, snowy peaks, towering high into the sky, or mingled with
+the rank and dewy herbage in the pine-clad valleys, and narrow abysmal
+gorges deep down below.
+
+It was here, in these lone Russian mountains, so legend relates, that
+Peter and Paul turned an impious wife and husband, who refused them
+shelter, into wolves: but Peter and Paul, apparently, had not the
+monopoly of this power; for it was here, too, in a Ural village, that
+the Devil is alleged to have metamorphosed half a dozen men into wolves
+for not paying him sufficient homage.
+
+There is no restriction as to the sex of werwolves in Russia and
+Siberia--male and female werwolves are about equal in number, though
+perhaps there is a slight preponderance in favour of the female.
+Vargamors are to be encountered in almost all the less frequented woody
+regions, but more especially in those in the immediate vicinity of the
+Urals and Caucasus.
+
+Though many of the werwolves inherit the property, many, too, have
+acquired it through direct intercourse with the superphysical; and the
+invocation of spirits, whether performed individually or collectively,
+is far from uncommon.
+
+Black Magic is said to be practised in the Urals, Caucasus, Yerkhoiansk,
+and Stanovoi Mountains; in the Tundras, the Plains of East Russia, the
+Timan Range, the Kola Peninsula, and various parts of Siberia.
+
+I am told that the usual initiating ceremony consists of drawing a
+circle, from seven to nine feet in radius, in the centre of which circle
+a wood fire is kindled--the wood selected being black poplar, pine or
+larch, never ash. A fumigation in an iron vessel, heated over the fire,
+is then made out of a mixture of any four or five of the following
+substances: Hemlock (2 to 3 ounces), henbane (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces),
+saffron (3 ounces), poppy seed (any amount), aloe (3 drachms), opium
+(1/4 ounce), asafoetida (2 ounces), solanum (2 to 3 drachms), parsley
+(any amount).
+
+As soon as the vessel is placed over the fire so that it can heat, the
+person who would invoke the spirit that can bestow upon him the property
+of metamorphosing into a wolf kneels within the circle, and prays a
+preliminary impromptu prayer. He then resorts to an incantation, which
+runs, so I have been told, as follows:--
+
+     "Hail, hail, hail, great wolf spirit, hail!
+      A boon I ask thee, mighty shade. Within this circle I have made,
+      Make me a werwolf strong and bold,
+      The terror alike of young and old.
+      Grant me a figure tall and spare;
+      The speed of the elk, the claws of the bear;
+      The poison of snakes, the wit of the fox;
+      The stealth of the wolf, the strength of the ox;
+      The jaws of the tiger, the teeth of the shark;
+      The eyes of a cat that sees in the dark.
+      Make me climb like a monkey, scent like a dog,
+      Swim like a fish, and eat like a hog.
+      Haste, haste, haste, lonely spirit, haste!
+      Here, wan and drear, magic spell making,
+      Findest thou me--shaking, quaking.
+      Softly fan me as I lie,
+      And thy mystic touch apply--
+      Touch apply, and I swear that when I die,
+      When I die, I will serve thee evermore,
+      Evermore, in grey wolf land, cold and raw."
+
+The incantation concluded, the supplicant then kisses the ground three
+times, and advancing to the fire, takes off the iron vessel, and
+whirling it smoking round his head, cries out:--
+
+     "Make me a werwolf! make me a man-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a woman-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a child-eater!
+      I pine for blood! human blood!
+      Give it me! give it me to-night!
+      Great Wolf Spirit! give it me, and
+      Heart, body, and soul, I am yours."
+
+The trees then begin to rustle, and the wind to moan, and out of the
+sudden darkness that envelops everything glows the tall, cylindrical,
+pillar-like phantom of the Unknown, seven or eight feet in height. It
+sometimes develops further, and assumes the form of a tall, thin
+monstrosity, half human and half animal, grey and nude, with very long
+legs and arms, and the feet and claws of a wolf. Its head is shaped like
+that of a wolf, but surrounded with the hair of a woman, that falls
+about its bare shoulders in yellow ringlets. It has wolf's ears and a
+wolf's mouth. Its aquiline nose and pale eyes are fashioned like those
+of a human being, but animated with an expression too diabolically
+malignant to proceed from anything but the superphysical.
+
+It seldom if ever speaks, but either utters some extraordinary noise--a
+prolonged howl that seems to proceed from the bowels of the earth, a
+piercing, harrowing whine, or a low laugh full of hellish glee, any of
+which sounds may be taken to express its assent to the favour asked.
+
+It only remains visible for a minute at the most, and then disappears
+with startling abruptness. The supplicant is now a werwolf. He undergoes
+his first metamorphosis into wolf form the following evening at sunset,
+reassuming his human shape at dawn; and so on, day after day, till his
+death, when he may once more metamorphose either from man form to wolf
+form, or vice versa, his corpse retaining whichever form has been
+assumed at the moment of death. However, with regard to this final
+metamorphosis there is no consistency: it may or may not take place. In
+the practice of exorcism, for the purpose of eradicating the evil
+property of werwolfery, all manner of methods are employed. Sometimes
+the werwolf is soundly whipped with ash twigs, and saturated with a
+potion such as I described in a previous chapter; sometimes he is made
+to lie or sit over, or lie or stand close beside, a vessel containing a
+fumigation mixture composed of sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, or
+hypericum and vinegar; or sometimes, again, he is well whipped and
+rubbed all over with the juice of the mistletoe berry. Occasionally a
+priest is summoned, and then a formal ceremony takes place.
+
+An altar is erected. On it are placed lighted candles, a Bible, a
+crucifix. The werwolf, in wolf form, bound hand and foot, is then placed
+on the ground at the foot of the altar, and fumigated with incense and
+sprinkled with holy water. The sign of the cross is made on his
+forehead, chest, back, and on the palms of his hands. Various prayers
+are read, and the affair concludes when the priest in a loud voice
+adjures the evil influence to depart, in the name of God the Father, the
+Son, the Holy Ghost, and the Virgin Mary.
+
+I have never, however, heard of any well-authenticated case testifying
+to the efficacy of this or of any other mode of exorcism. As far as I
+know, once a werwolf always a werwolf is an inviolable rule.
+
+Apparently women are more desirous of becoming werwolves than men, more
+women than men having acquired the property of werwolfery through their
+own act. In the case of women candidates for this evil property, the
+inspiring motive is almost always one of revenge, sometimes on a
+faithless lover, but more often on another woman; and when once women
+metamorphose thus, their craving for human flesh is simply
+insatiable--in fact, they are far more cruel and daring, and much more
+to be dreaded, than male werwolves. The following story seems to bear
+out the truth of this assertion:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF IVAN OF SHIGANSKA
+
+Shiganska was--for it no longer exists, having been obliterated about
+fifty years ago by a blizzard--a small village on the left bank of the
+Petchora, about a hundred miles from its mouth.
+
+Owing chiefly to the character of the adjacent country, Shiganska was
+wanting in every beauty and variety that charms the eye. It was situated
+on a stretch of flat land between two mountain ranges, _i.e._, the Ural
+on one side and the Taman on the other, and surrounded by a wood so
+thick that it was with the greatest difficulty anyone could force a way
+into it, supposing they had been sufficiently fortunate to escape
+sticking fast in the morasses of soft, rotten mould, that lie hidden in
+the least suspicious looking places, on its borders. Here were to be
+found lycanthropous blue and white flowers, which those desirous of
+becoming werwolves sought from far and wide, some even coming from
+Siberia, and some from away down South as far as Astrakan. And the woods
+abounded not only in werwolves, but in all sorts of supernatural
+horrors--phantoms of the dead, _i.e._ (of murderers and suicides) Vice
+Elementals and Vagrarians, vampires and ghouls; no region in Russia
+boasted so many, and for this reason it was scrupulously avoided by all
+sensible people after sunset.
+
+Ivan, like most of the male inhabitants of Shiganska, lived by the
+chase: the black fox, the sable, the fox with the dark-coloured throat,
+the red fox, white fox, squirrel, ermine, and black bear alike fell
+victims to his gun; whilst in the Petchora, when the weather permitted
+it, he caught, besides many other kinds of fish, a goodly proportion of
+salmon, nelma (a kind of salmon trout), bleak, sturgeon, sterlet, tochü,
+muksun, omul, and _Salmo Lavaretus_.
+
+It was a good living, that of the chase, albeit fraught with grave
+dangers; and Ivan, thanks to his exceptional powers with the rod as well
+as the rifle, was on the high road to prosperity.
+
+He lived with his mother and two sisters in a pretty house about a kös
+from Shiganska, and facing it was a level stretch of reed-grass
+terminating in the hemlock-covered banks of the Petchora. A few trees,
+chiefly birch and larch, dotted about the reed-grass afforded a
+delightful shade from the fierce heat of the short summer sun; and birds
+of all sorts, whose singing was a source of the keenest delight to Ivan
+and his sisters, made their homes in them.
+
+Unlike any other hunter in Shiganska, Ivan was fond of poetry and
+music; moreover, he had a dreamy disposition, and when his day's work
+was done he was content--nay, more than content--to watch the changing
+colours in the sky, or see in the glowing embers of the charcoal fire
+strange scenes and wildly familiar faces.
+
+One morning, in the month of April, Ivan set off to the woods, gun in
+hand, accompanied by his old and faithful dog, Dolk, in search of big
+game. He paused every now and then to look at the ice on the summits of
+the distant mountains. The sunlight falling on it imparted to it many
+different hues, and made it sparkle like flaming jewels. He stopped
+repeatedly to listen to the croaking of the raven, the cawing of the
+crows, and the piping of the bullfinches--sounds of which he was never
+weary, and never tired of trying to interpret.
+
+On this occasion, as usual, it was not until long after noon that he
+began seriously to think of looking for his quarry, and it was not until
+he had searched for some time that he at length came upon the tracks of
+a wild reindeer. Loosing Dolk, and tightening the buckles of his
+snow-shoes, he set to work to stalk the animal, and eventually sighted
+it browsing on a clump of reed-grass that grew on the bank of a mountain
+stream. The chase now began in earnest. It was a beautiful animal, and
+Ivan strained every effort to get within shooting range by leaping from
+rock to rock, and springing over stream after stream. In this manner he
+had progressed for more than a kös, when blood from the feet of the
+reindeer began to be visible on the fresh frozen snow; from its
+faltering pace the poor creature was evidently tired out, and Dolk was
+drawing closer and closer to it. In these circumstances Ivan was
+counting on the likelihood of his soon being near enough to fire, when
+suddenly the joyful barking of the dog changed to a prodigious howl of
+agony. With redoubled speed Ivan pushed ahead, and, presently, at a
+distance of about two gunshots, he saw two small black objects lying on
+the snow covered with blood.
+
+They were the remains of Dolk, who, having come up with the reindeer and
+driven it into a small brook, was keeping it there until Ivan arrived,
+when a hungry wolf had leaped down the side of a rock and, seizing him
+in his powerful jaws, had bitten him in half. The wolf had evidently
+intended to eat Dolk, but, catching sight of Ivan, had made off.
+
+Ivan was inconsolable. Dolk had hunted with him as a puppy of six months
+old, and for eight years the dog had never let him know a hungry day.
+Ivan had been offered ten reindeer for him, but he would not have parted
+with him for any number, and without Dolk he knew not how to show
+himself at home, for both his mother and sisters were devoted to the
+faithful animal.
+
+Determined on vengeance, Ivan followed the wolf's tracks, which led, by
+an unfamiliar path, to the mouth of a vast and gloomy cavern. There he
+lost sight of them, and he was deliberating what to do next, when a loud
+peal of silvery laughter broke on his ears and awoke the silent echoes
+of the grim walls around him. Ivan started in open-mouthed astonishment.
+Standing before him was a girl more lovely--ten thousand times more
+lovely--than any woman he had hitherto seen. To the magic of a beautiful
+form in woman--the necromancy of female grace--there was no more ready
+and willing subject than Ivan; and here, at last, he had found grace
+personified, incarnate, the highest ideal of all his wildest and most
+cherished dreams. His most magnificent "castle" had never contained a
+princess half as fair as this one. Her figure was rather above the
+medium height, supple and slender. Her feet and hands were small, her
+wrists well rounded, her fingers long and white, and tipped with pink
+and glossy almond-shaped nails--if anything a trifle too long. But it
+was her face that so attracted Ivan as to almost hold him
+spellbound--the neat and delicately moulded features all in perfect
+harmony; the daintily cut lips; the white gleaming teeth; the low
+forehead crowned with golden curls; the long, thick-lashed, blue eyes
+that looked steadily into his, and seemed to read his very soul.
+
+Moreover, in her blue eyes there was bewildering depth; a sense of
+coldness that was positively benumbing, and which was reminiscent of the
+blue petrifying waters of the Ural Lakes; a magnetism that was
+paralysing, that held in complete obeisance both mind and limb, and was
+comparable to nothing so nearly as the hypnotic influence of the tiger
+or snake, but which differed from the latter inasmuch as its
+inspirations were just as delightful as those of the tiger and snake are
+harrowing and terrifying.
+
+She was clad from head to foot in fur--white fur--but neither her dress
+nor her presence excited any other thoughts in Ivan except those of
+intense admiration--admiration which surged through every pore of his
+skin.
+
+"Well!" she demanded, "what brings you here, my good man? There is no
+game in this cave."
+
+"Isn't there?" Ivan stammered, his eyes looking at her adoringly. "All
+the same I would cheerfully forgo all the pleasures of the chase to come
+here."
+
+"You are very gallant for a huntsman, sir," the girl replied with a
+smile; "but for your own sake I must urge you to go away at once. I live
+here with my father--a confirmed recluse who detests the sight of human
+beings; were he to discover me talking to one I should get into sad
+trouble, and with regard to you I could not say what might happen."
+
+But Ivan came of a race that paid little heed to any warning when once
+their blood was fired; consequently, despite the repeated admonitions of
+his beautiful companion--admonitions which her eyes seemed to
+contradict--he stayed and stayed, whilst--forgetful of mother and
+sisters, home, and even Dolk--he made a passionate avowal of his love.
+The afternoon quickly passed, and the sun was beginning to set, when the
+girl, whose name he had learned was Breda, almost pushed him out of the
+cavern.
+
+"If you don't go now," she urged, "I may never see you again."
+
+"And would you care?" he asked.
+
+"Perhaps," she replied; "perhaps, just a little--a wee, wee bit. You
+see, I don't get the opportunity of meeting many people!"
+
+He caught her by the hand and kissed it passionately; and with the sound
+of her light, intoxicating laughter thrilling through his soul, he
+descended to the bed of the mountain streamlet, and turned his steps
+blithely towards home.
+
+That was the beginning, but not the end. He courted her--he married her
+and she came to live with his mother and sisters, who for his sake tried
+to like her and even pretended that they did like her. But in secret
+they said to one another, "She has no heart; she is cold as an icicle;
+her lips are thin and cruel. She would serve Ivan badly if we were not
+here to check her."
+
+And Breda certainly had her idiosyncrasies. She preferred raw to cooked
+meat, and would not sleep in the same room as her husband. She grew very
+angry when Ivan expostulated, saying, "You promised you would never
+thwart me. If you do not keep your word, I shall despise you, scorn you,
+hate you." And Ivan, who loved his wife beyond anything, yielded.
+
+Some weeks after their marriage, neighbours complained of losing cattle
+and horses. They said there was a wolf about, and that its tracks, which
+they had followed, always ended under the walls of Ivan's house. They
+asked Ivan if he had not heard the brute. But he had heard nothing, he
+slept very soundly. Then they inquired of Ivan's sisters and mother, who
+also replied in the negative; but there was hesitation in their voices,
+and they looked very frightened and ashamed. And then people began to
+talk. They looked at Breda curiously, and finally they cut her. One
+night, when there was a downfall of snow, and the wind howled down the
+chimneys of Ivan's house and blew the snow, with heavy thumps against
+the window-panes, Ivan, who could not sleep for the storm, heard the
+door of Breda's room open very softly, and light steps steal stealthily
+down the passage. Then there came a half-suppressed, half-smothered cry,
+a groan, and all was still. Ivan got out of bed and opened his door, but
+his wife's voice called to him from the darkness and bade him go back.
+
+"Do not be alarmed and make a fuss," she said; "I was ill a moment ago,
+but am quite well again now. Go back to bed at once, or I shall be very
+angry." And Ivan obeyed her.
+
+In the morning his eldest sister, Beata, was found dead in bed, her
+throat, breast, and stomach slit open, as is the custom with wolves, and
+her flesh all mangled and eaten.
+
+Breda took no food that day, and Ivan's mother and other sister,
+Malvina, looked at her out of the corner of their eyes and shuddered.
+But Ivan said nothing. A week later the same fate befell Malvina. Then
+Ivan's mother spoke. She told him that he must assuredly be under some
+evil spell, or he would never remain idle whilst his sisters' destroyer
+was at large, and she adjured him, by all that he held holy, not to
+allow himself a moment's rest till he had had ample vengeance for the
+loss of two such valuable lives.
+
+Roused at last, Ivan, instead of going to bed, sat up, gun in hand, and
+watched. He passed many nights thus, and his patience was well nigh
+exhausted when, during one of the vigils, he fell asleep, dreaming as
+usual of the blue eyes and golden curls of Breda, whose beauty held him
+just as much enthralled as ever. From this slumber he was awakened by
+loud screams for help. Seizing his gun, and taking a random aim at a
+huge white wolf as he went (though without stopping to see the effects
+of the shot), he ran to his mother's bedside. She was dead. Her throat
+and body were slit; but she was not eaten.
+
+Wild with grief and thirsting for revenge, Ivan started off in pursuit
+of the wolf, and discovered, in the passage, a track of blood which
+terminated at his wife's door. Receiving no reply when he asked for
+admittance, he entered the room and found Breda lying on the floor, in
+her nightdress, the blood streaming from a wound in her shoulder. Ivan
+knelt down and examined her. She had been struck by a bullet, and the
+bullet fitted the bore of his gun.
+
+He knew the truth then--the truth he might have known all along, had he
+not, in his blind love, thrust it far from him--and, in the sudden
+alteration of his feeling, he raised his knife to kill her. But Breda
+opened her eyes, and the weapon fell from his hand.
+
+"You know part of my secret now," she whispered, "but you don't know
+everything. I am a werwolf, not by inheritance, but of my own free will.
+In order to become one I ate the blue flowers in the wood. I did so to
+be avenged on my husband."
+
+"Your husband!" Ivan cried; "good God! then you were a widow when I met
+you?"
+
+"Yes," Breda said slowly and with apparent effort. "I was forced into my
+first marriage by my all too worldly parents, and my husband ill-used
+and beat me!"
+
+"The devil! the cold-hearted, cowardly devil!" Ivan ejaculated, "I would
+have killed him."
+
+"That is what I did," Breda remarked; "I did kill him, and it was in
+order to make certain of killing him that I became a werwolf."
+
+"Did you eat him?" Ivan asked, horribly fascinated.
+
+"Don't ask questions," Breda said, averting her eyes, "and for God's
+sake don't lose any more time. As you love me, screen me from detection;
+hide all traces of to-night's handiwork as quickly as possible."
+
+As usual, Ivan did as she requested him, and giving out that his mother
+had died suddenly, from heart failure, he had her interred with as
+little publicity as possible.
+
+Before very long, however, the neighbours began to ask such pointed
+questions, that Ivan now lived in a state of chronic suspense. He feared
+every moment that the truth would leak out, and that his beautiful young
+wife would receive condign punishment.
+
+At last, finding such a state of apprehension intolerable, he confided
+in an old man who was reputed a sage and metaphysician--one who was
+extremely well versed in all matters appertaining to the spiritual
+world. "There is only one course to pursue," the old man said, "you must
+have the evil spirit in her exorcized, and you must have it done
+immediately. Otherwise, she will continue her depredations, and your
+good neighbours will find her out and kill her. They more than half
+suspect her now, and are talking of paying a visit some night, when you
+are snug and safe in bed, to the cemetery, to see if the story you told
+them about your mother's and sisters' sudden deaths is correct."
+
+"What kind of exorcism would you use?" Ivan inquired nervously. "You
+would not hurt her?"
+
+"The form of exorcism I should make use of would do her no lasting
+harm," the old man said feelingly; "you can rely on me for that."
+
+"But is exorcism always effectual?" Ivan persisted.
+
+"When exorcism is ineffectual it is the exception, not the rule," the
+old man replied, "and there are very few cases of exorcism being
+employed ineffectually upon those who have become werwolves through the
+practice of magic, or the medium of flowers or of water."
+
+"Should my wife refuse to undergo the ceremony, what would you advise
+then?" Ivan asked.
+
+"Strategy and force," the old man said, "anything to prevent her
+continuing in her demoniacal ways, and being burned or drowned by an
+infuriated mob."
+
+Thus admonished, Ivan, without delay, broached the matter to Breda. But
+she was so angry with him for having dared even to mention exorcism,
+that he thought it best to act on the advice of the old occultist and to
+catch her unawares. Consequently, one evening, when the moon was in the
+full, and she had just changed into wolf form, he stole into her room
+accompanied by the old man and two assistants. After a desperate
+struggle, Ivan and the three exorcists overpowered her, and bound her so
+securely that she could not move.
+
+They then took her out of doors, to a lonely spot at the back of the
+house, and placed her in the centre of an equilateral triangle that had
+been carefully marked on the ground, in red chalk. At seven or eight
+feet to the west of the triangle they then kindled a wood fire, and
+placed over it a vessel containing a fumigation mixture of hypericum,
+vinegar, sulphur, cayenne, and mountain ash berries.
+
+The old man then knelt down, and crossing himself on his forehead and
+chest, prayed vigorously, until the preparation in the pot began to give
+off strong fumes. He then arose, and both he and his assistants took up
+specially prepared switches, cut from a mountain ash, and gripping them
+tightly in their hands, approached the recumbent form of the werwolf.
+This, however, was more than Ivan could stand--he had objected strongly
+enough to the fumigation, which, being nauseous and irritating, had made
+his wolf-wife gasp and choke; but when it came to flogging her--well, it
+turned him sick and cold. He forgot discretion, prudence, everything,
+saving the one great fact--monstrous, incredible, abominable--that the
+being he loved, adored, and worshipped was about to be beaten with rods!
+With a shout of wrath he rushed at the trio, and snatching their wands
+from them, laid them so soundly about their backs that they all three
+fled from the ground, shrieking with pain and terror. Then he knelt by
+his prostrate wife, and cutting the thongs that bound her, set her free.
+She rose on her feet a huge, white wolf. Regarding him steadily for a
+moment from out of her gleaming grey eyes, she swung slowly round, and
+with one more look, more human than animal, she darted swiftly away, and
+was speedily lost in the gloom.
+
+
+
+
+METHUEN'S POPULAR NOVELS
+
+AUTUMN 1912
+
+
+THE BIG FISH
+
+By H. B. Marriott Watson, Author of 'Alise of Astra.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[July
+
+This strange tale of adventure in the mountains of Peru has a certain
+basis in fact. 'The Big Fish' is the name by which the lost treasure of
+the Incas is known, and the story describes the search for it, which
+opens in a London auction room and, after many tragic adventures, ends
+in the lonely mountains in a manner which neither of the seekers had
+anticipated, but with which both are satisfied.
+
+
+HER SERENE HIGHNESS
+
+By Philip Laurence Oliphant. Cr. 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+Disillusioned, and disgusted with Western civilization, the hero of this
+story, a man of remarkable force and quality, turns to the ideals of the
+East, becomes to all intents an Oriental, and makes for himself a great
+position as the white ruler of a black people in Central India. His wife
+deserted him in early life under a misunderstanding, goes in search of
+him, and finding him at last, throws in her lot with his, and succeeds
+in winning him back; but not until through jealousy and other passions,
+he is forced to witness the sacrifice of his power and fly for very
+life.
+
+
+JUDITH LEE: Some Pages from her Life
+
+By Richard Marsh, Author of 'A Royal Indiscretion.' With Four
+Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+The world has already been introduced to the famous female detective
+Judith Lee in the pages of the Strand Magazine, where her popularity
+was very great. The child of parents who were teachers of the oral
+system to the deaf and dumb, as soon almost as she learnt to speak she
+learnt to read what people were saying by watching their lips. Devoting
+her whole life to the improvement of a very singular natural aptitude,
+and employing it in the discovery and frustration of crime, she has
+become, as we find in this book, a constant source of wonder and
+delight, and a very encyclopædia of adventure.
+
+
+THE OAKUM PICKERS
+
+By L. S. Gibson, Author of 'The Heart of Desire.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+A story treating of modern social life, and incidentally of the
+hardships inflicted by certain phases of the Divorce Laws upon the
+innocent partner in an unhappy marriage. The two very dissimilar women
+are well delineated and contrasted. Cynthia and Elizabeth, each in her
+own way, are so human and sympathetic that the reader can hardly fail to
+endorse the quotation on the title-page, 'I do not blame such women, but
+for love they pick much oakum.' The men are drawn with no less strength
+and sincerity; while Lady Juliet--the brilliant, heartless, little
+mondaine who precipitates the tragedy of three lives--is a thumb-nail
+sketch of a fascinating, if worthless, type.
+
+
+HAUNTING SHADOWS; or, The House of Terror
+
+By M. F. Hutchinson. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+An English girl, brought up under harsh surroundings, considers that
+opportunity suddenly opens the doors of Life. But these doors swing back
+to the accompaniment of sinister and terrible things. The very threshold
+of the new life is a place of terror. A harsh and inexorable fate forces
+her reluctant feet along a difficult way, where it seems as if none of
+the joys of existence can lighten the darkness. The story shows with
+what results to herself and others Elaine Westcourt became an inmate of
+the 'House of Terror.'
+
+
+A WILDERNESS WOOING
+
+By W. Victor Cook, Author of 'Anton of the Alps.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A thrilling story of the early French-Canadian pioneers, and the
+romantic adventures of a young heir to an English earldom. The novel,
+which is full of excitement and dramatic incident, presents a series of
+vivid pictures of the days when the great pathfinder La Salle was
+carrying the lilies of France at utmost hazard into the Western wilds.
+The love interest is strong, and attractively handled, and even such
+strange-seeming affairs as the 'Ship of Women' and the marriage market
+at Quebec have their historical sanction.
+
+
+NANCE OF MANCHESTER
+
+By Orme Agnus, Author of 'Sarah Fuldon's Lovers.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Dr. Anthony Belton called Nance 'the bravest girl in Manchester,' and he
+was a good judge. She assumed maternal cares at an early age, and she
+lived for her children. Later she took up her residence in the South of
+England with Mrs. Nolliver, and there struck up a friendship with Miss
+Denise Martayne, a lady whose gifts had put her in an exalted if not a
+happy position. It was a friendship that dispelled gloom and created
+happiness. 'Nance of Manchester' is a tribute to the omnipotence of
+love.
+
+
+A KINGDOM DIVIDED
+
+By David Lisle, Author of 'A Painter of Souls.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+This new novel by the author of A Painter of Souls may be described as
+actively controversial. It deals largely with poignant chapters in the
+life of a young clergyman, and in its pages we find an amazing array of
+startling facts connected with the march of Ritualism and the future of
+England. Side by side with the history of a tragic struggle we find
+glowing descriptions of scenery and of brilliant social life. The scene
+is laid in Devon, and, later on, at Biarritz.
+
+
+A WOMAN IN THE LIMELIGHT
+
+By Charles Gleig, Author of 'The Nancy Manoeuvres.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A Woman in the Limelight presents candidly a typical actress of the
+Musical Comedy Stage, treating of her career and her love affairs with a
+realism that is convincing, but free of offence. The heroine allures and
+for a long time retains the devotion and affection of a typical solitary
+Londoner, who is not less devoted to the bon motif; but the inevitable
+break occurs. There is plenty of humour and of first-hand knowledge in
+this study of upper Bohemian life of to-day, and the characters are
+vividly drawn.
+
+
+BURIED ALIVE
+
+By Arnold Bennett, Author of 'Clayhanger.' A New Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+This is a reprint of one of Mr. Bennett's most delightful stories. It
+has been out of print for some time.
+
+
+THE STREET CALLED STRAIGHT
+
+By the Author of 'The Wild Olive.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The anonymous author of those very interesting novels The Inner Shrine
+and The Wild Olive has in the new book dealt with a financial man's
+case of conscience. The story, which is laid for the most part in
+Boston, illustrates the New England proverb, 'By the street called
+straight'--should it not be strait?--'we come to the house called
+beautiful.'
+
+
+IT HAPPENED IN SMYRNA
+
+By Thomas Edgelow. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+A vivid record of Eastern travel and adventure by a new author, who is
+introduced to the novel-reading public by no less a sponsor than
+Baroness von Hutten--the authoress of Pam whose cheery preface in the
+form of an open letter will be found in Mr. Edgelow's first book. The
+story opens on a German liner off the East African coast, and leads us
+via Port Said to Smyrna. There and in the interior of Turkey-in-Asia
+are laid the scenes of Tony Paynter's adventures. It is in the Smyrna
+bazaars that he and Sylvia Sayers first encounter the Turk who is
+destined to play so important a rôle in their two lives, and it is
+from Smyrna that, at last, they sail away when all has happily ended.
+
+
+DEVOTED SPARKES
+
+By W. Pett Ridge, Author of 'Thanks to Sanderson.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Mr. Pett Ridge's new novel, an animated story of London life, concerns a
+girl sent out to service by her stepmother. Taking the management of
+her career into her own hands, and holding the reins, goes first to a
+house on the north side of Regent's Park, afterwards to the
+neighbourhood of Berkeley Square; and her adventures in both situations,
+her acquaintances, and the person to whom she is devoted, are described
+in Mr. Pett Ridge's brightest manner.
+
+
+THE ANGLO-INDIANS
+
+By Alice Perrin, Author of 'The Charm.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The background of this novel is the contrast between official life in
+India and a pensioned existence in England. The theme of the story is
+the affection, almost amounting to a passion, that the heroine feels
+towards India, where she has spent part of her childhood and her early
+girlhood; it leads to a love adventure involving the chief problem
+between the East and West.
+
+
+THE HEATHER MOON
+
+By C. N. and A. M. Williamson, Authors of 'The Lightning Conductor.'
+Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of a motor tour in Scotland and many quests. The drama shows
+us a girl in search of her mother, who has her own reasons for not
+wishing to be found by a pretty grown-up daughter. A man in search of
+some lost illusions is also here, and the girl helps him to discover
+that they are not illusions but splendid truths. Other seekers are a
+woman in search of love, and her brother in search of materials for a
+novel. In finding or failing to find these things a romance of a very
+original kind with many conflicting interests has been evolved.
+
+
+THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE
+
+By John Oxenham, Author of 'The Long Road.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+By 'The Golden Rose' the author means the Spirit of Romance--Love--and
+all that pertains thereto. The story tells how three very typical
+Englishmen--surgeon--artist--barrister--encounter it in odd fashion
+while tramping the High Alps, and follow it up each in his own peculiar
+way to his destined end. Their various testings, mental, moral, and
+physical, make the story, which is replete with the joy, the sorrow, and
+the tragedy of life.
+
+
+OLIVIA MARY
+
+By E. Maria Albanesi, Author of 'The Glad Heart.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+In this, her first new novel to be published since The Glad Heart,
+Madame Albanesi strikes new ground. Although full of able and
+sympathetic characterization and that elusive charm which belongs to all
+her books, this story is unlike any that she has yet written. The author
+deals with a problem which is the outcome of emotions at once simple,
+even ordinary, and yet at the same time profound and most touching.
+
+
+SALLY
+
+By Dorothea Conyers, Author of 'Two Impostors and Tinker.' Crown 8vo,
+6s. [August
+
+A hunting novel of Irish life. The scene is laid in the wilds of
+Connemara, where a man suffering from melancholia starts hunting over
+the mountains and the bogs. A seaside lodge close to him is taken by
+some strangers, and the plot of the book then turns on the lonely man,
+who has not spoken for years save when obliged to, being charmed from
+his loneliness by Sally Stannard, and the subsequent complications which
+ensue betwixt her and her various lovers.
+
+
+LAMORNA
+
+By Mrs. A. Sidgwick, Author of 'The Severins.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of two girls united by kinship and affection, but divided by
+character and temperament. Lamorna, the elder one, has to look on while
+her cousin makes a tragedy of her life and successively becomes the
+victim of a roué and a mischief-monger. Lamorna's own fate is at one
+time so enmeshed with her cousin's that she requires all her sense and
+strength to escape from the toils set by a man who would override all
+scruple and all honour to win her.
+
+
+THE HAPPY FAMILY
+
+By Frank Swinnerton, Author of 'The Young Idea.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+The Happy Family is a realistic comedy of life in London suburbs. The
+scenes are laid principally in Kentish Town, with excursions to
+Hampstead, Highgate, and Gospel Oak; while unusual pictures of the
+publishing trade form a setting to the highly-important office-life of
+the chief male characters. The interplay of diverse temperaments, the
+conflict between the ideal and the actual, are the basis of the story,
+which, however, is concerned with people rather than problems.
+
+
+DARNELEY PLACE
+
+By Richard Bagot, Author of 'Donna Diana.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+The scene of Mr. Richard Bagot's new novel is laid partly in England and
+partly in Italy. The story turns upon the double life led by a wealthy
+English landowner in consequence of the abduction in his more youthful
+days of the daughter of an old Italian house at a period when he had no
+prospect of succeeding to the position he subsequently attained.
+Incidentally, the novel deals with certain phases of Italian
+Spiritualism, and Mr. Bagot's readers will again resume their
+acquaintance with some of the most sympathetic characters described in
+his previous work The Passport.
+
+
+A KNIGHT OF SPAIN
+
+By Marjorie Bowen, Author of 'I Will Maintain.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+This story is laid in the stormy and sombre last half of the sixteenth
+century, and deals with the fortunes of the Royal House of Spain, the
+most powerful, cruel, and tragic dynasty of modern Europe. The hero is
+Charles V's son, the gay, beautiful, and heroic Don Juan of Austria, who
+rose to an unparalleled renown in Christendom as the victor of Lepanto,
+intoxicated himself with visions of a crown and the rank of 'Infant' of
+Spain, and from the moment of his apogee was swiftly cast down by his
+brother, Philip II, sent to undertake the impossible task of ruling the
+Low Countries, and left to die, forsaken, of a mysterious illness, at
+the age of twenty-eight, in a camp outside Namur. The story embraces the
+greater part of this Prince's short life, which was one glowing romance
+of love and war, played in the various splendours of Spain, Genoa,
+Venice, Naples, Sicily, Africa, Paris, and Brussels.
+
+
+REMITTANCE BILLY
+
+By Ashton Hilliers, Author of 'Memoirs of a Person of Quality.' Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In this book Mr. Ashton Hilliers, again finding his material in the
+world we live in, tells of the quite excusable muddling of a straight,
+but rather stupid young gentleman, whose ignorance of 'business' is too
+severely punished by 'business-like relations,' who regard him as
+hopeless, until he, saved by his love of nature, and befriended by
+outsiders who see stuff in the fellow, muddles through, to the surprise
+of his family and himself. There is a nice girl in it, and a militant
+suffragette, but only two unfortunate marriages, and one of these comes
+right at last.
+
+
+HONOURS EASY
+
+By Mrs. J. O. Arnold, Author of 'The Fiddler.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+The interest of this story centres in the will of a Professor Clifford,
+in which a large sum of money is left to the scientist who shall within
+a specified time finish the testator's life research. Failing its
+completion the money is to revert to his stepdaughter. Humphrey Wyatt
+undertakes the task, incidentally falling in love with the stepdaughter,
+of whose relationship to the Professor he is unaware. What happens
+before and after he discovers her identity makes a charming romantic
+ending to the book.
+
+
+LONDON LAVENDER: An Entertainment
+
+By E. V. Lucas, Author of 'Mr. Ingleside.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+This will make Mr. Lucas's fourth novel, or 'Entertainment' as he
+prefers to call his stories; and readers of the preceding three may find
+some old acquaintances. The scene is again laid principally in London,
+and again an odd company of types converse and have urbane adventures.
+
+
+THE HOLIDAY ROUND
+
+By A. A. Milne, Author of 'The Day's Play.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+Among our younger humorists none has so quickly found his way to the
+hearts of readers as 'A. A. M.' of Punch, whose special gift and
+privilege it is to touch Wednesdays with irresponsibility and fun. He
+has now brought together a further collection of his contributions to
+Punch, similar in character to The Day's Play published two years
+ago. The history of the Rabbits is continued, and is supplemented by
+'Little Plays for Amateurs,' 'Stories of Successful Lives,' and many
+other of his recent dialogues and sketches.
+
+
+THE ROYAL ROAD: Being the Story of the Life, Death, and Resurrection of
+Edward Hankey of London
+
+By Alfred Ollivant, Author of 'Owd Bob.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In the pages of this book the reader follows the courageous spirit of a
+working man down the alley of life. We hear his laughter; share his
+joys; and watch the heroic struggle of his soul against the circumstance
+that is oppressing him. The book, remorseless in its representation of
+things as they are, is strong in hope: for it finds its inspiration in
+the Love that shall some day conquer the world. It is a story for all
+who seek to succour our England in her distress. To read it is to
+understand something of her troubles of this present time, and to have a
+glimpse of the glory that shall be revealed in her. A stern book, it is
+to those who read aright a joyful one. For it is a prophecy of dawn.
+
+
+MARY PECHELL
+
+By Mrs. Belloc Lowndes, Author of 'The Uttermost Farthing,' etc. Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In her new novel Mrs. Belloc Lowndes returns to the manner of Barbara
+Rebell. It is an ample, spacious tale of English country-house life,
+laid in a quiet Sussex village, dominated by the ruins of an ancient
+castle, the scene of the last Lord Wolferstan's lawless but not ignoble
+passion. The writer shows all her old power of presenting the passion of
+love in each of its Protean phases. Mary Pechell herself is a lovely,
+gracious figure, whose compelling charm the reader feels from the first.
+In half-humorous, half-pathetic contrast is the middle-aged romance of
+Miss Rose Charnwood, touched with the tenderest sentiment, and not
+belied by the happiness in store both for her and for Mary Pechell
+herself.
+
+
+THE SILVER DRESS
+
+By Mrs. George Norman, Author of 'Lady Fanny.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+A novel describing the life of an attractive and still young woman whose
+circumstances are those of so many others of her type in England, for
+she has no acquaintances but women, is approaching 'the youth of middle
+age' without yet knowing love or any vital interest. Then, quite
+unexpectedly, adventure, and, subsequently, love coming to her, she
+lives for the first time.
+
+
+THE SUBURBAN
+
+By H. C. Bailey, Author of 'Storm and Treasure.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+In this novel Mr. H. C. Bailey, who is best known by his spirited
+historical romances, has deserted the past for the present. He tells a
+story of modern London. The scenes are laid in poor middle-class life,
+in the worlds of journalism and theoretical revolutionaries and
+business. His hero is one of the most ordinary of men, fighting his way
+up from the borders of poverty to respectable suburban comfort. With him
+is contrasted a much more brilliant creature, an apostle of the newest
+creeds of revolt. Both have to do with the master of one of the great
+modern organizations of finance and industry. In the heroine Mr. Bailey
+has given us a study of one of the newest types of young women of the
+middle class.
+
+
+BETTY HARRIS
+
+By Jennette Lee, Author of 'Uncle William' and 'Happy Island.' Crown
+8vo, 3s. 6d. [September
+
+Betty Harris, the only child of an American millionaire, strays one day
+into the shop of a Greek fruit-dealer, Achilles Alexandrakis, and
+watches the flight of a butterfly that the Greek liberates from its grey
+cocoon. The story is of the friendship that grew out of this meeting,
+and a rescue that grew out of the friendship. This blend of the spirit
+of the old world and the new, meeting in the grimy Chicago shop and
+finding out their need of each other, gives the book a piquancy.
+
+
+THE FOOL IN CHRIST
+
+By Gerhart Hauptmann. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+A translation of Hauptmann's most wonderful novel--a work that attempts
+to place the living human Christ before sophisticated twentieth-century
+eyes. Whatever other effect it may have, the book cannot fail to cause
+discussion. In Quint, a figure at once pathetic and inspiring, the
+author has drawn a character whose divine charm should be felt by every
+reader.
+
+
+CHARLES THE GREAT
+
+By Mrs. H. H. Penrose, Author of 'The Sheltered Woman,' etc. Crown 8vo,
+6s. [September
+
+Charles the Great is a very light comedy, and it therefore counts as a
+new departure for Mrs. H. H. Penrose. Those who like their fiction to
+provide them with 'a good laugh' will doubtless prefer this book, which
+is packed from cover to cover with mirth-provoking material, to those
+other books by the same author, in which humour acts chiefly as
+train-bearer to tragedy. The determination of Charles to invent for
+himself a greatness which he is incapable of otherwise achieving, and
+its effect on his circle of intimates, are set forth in an exceedingly
+lively story, the plot of which it would be unfair to give away.
+
+
+THE ACE OF HEARTS
+
+By C. Thomas-Stanford. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+An English Member of Parliament, spending a holiday in the Portuguese
+island of Madeira in January 1912, becomes unwittingly privy to a plot
+against the Republican Government. The conspirators, fearful that he
+will betray their secrets, make him prisoner; but he escapes to
+experience a series of adventures on the rugged coast, and amid the wild
+mountains of the island. Through the tangled web of plot and
+counter-plot runs the thread of a love story.
+
+
+METHUEN & CO. LTD., 36 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF BOOKS
+PUBLISHED BY METHUEN
+AND CO. LTD., LONDON
+36 ESSEX STREET
+W.C.
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                             PAGE
+
+General Literature                                              2
+  Ancient Cities                                               12
+  Antiquary's Books                                            12
+  Arden Shakespeare                                            13
+  Classics of Art                                              13
+  "Complete" Series                                            13
+  Connoisseur's Library                                        14
+  Handbooks of English Church History                          14
+  Handbooks of Theology                                        14
+  "Home Life" Series                                           14
+  Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books       15
+  Leaders of Religion                                          15
+  Library of Devotion                                          16
+  Little Books on Art                                          16
+  Little Galleries                                             17
+  Little Guides                                                17
+  Little Library                                               18
+  Little Quarto Shakespeare                                    19
+  Miniature Library                                            19
+  New Library of Medicine                                      19
+  New Library of Music                                         19
+  Oxford Biographies                                           19
+  Three Plays                                                  20
+  States of Italy                                              20
+  Westminster Commentaries                                     20
+  "Young" Series                                               20
+  Shilling Library                                             21
+Books for Travellers                                           21
+Some Books on Art                                              21
+Some Books on Italy                                            22
+Fiction                                                        23
+  Two-Shilling Novels                                          27
+  Books for Boys and Girls                                     27
+  Shilling Novels                                              28
+  Novels of Alexandre Dumas                                    28
+  Sixpenny Books                                               29
+
+
+JULY 1912
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF
+Messrs. Methuen's
+PUBLICATIONS
+
+
+In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
+that the book is in the press.
+
+Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. Methuen's Novels issued
+at a price above 2s. 6d., and similar editions are published of some
+works of General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation
+in the British Colonies and India.
+
+All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought
+at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to
+the discount which the bookseller allows.
+
+Messrs. Methuen's books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If
+there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very
+glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be
+sent on receipt of the published price plus postage for net books, and
+of the published price for ordinary books.
+
+This Catalogue contains only a selection of the more important books
+published by Messrs. Methuen. A complete and illustrated catalogue of
+their publications may be obtained on application.
+
+
+Andrewes (Lancelot). PRECES PRIVATAE. Translated and edited, with Notes,
+by F. E. Brightman. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Aristotle. THE ETHICS. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by John
+Burnet. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Atkinson (C. T.). A HISTORY OF GERMANY, 1715-1815. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Atkinson (T. D.). ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. 3s.
+6d. net.
+
+A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+ENGLISH AND WELSH CATHEDRALS. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bain (F. W.). A DIGIT OF THE MOON: A Hindoo Love Story. Ninth Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE DESCENT OF THE SUN: A Cycle of Birth. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+A HEIFER OF THE DAWN. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+IN THE GREAT GOD'S HAIR. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+A DRAUGHT OF THE BLUE. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN ESSENCE OF THE DUSK. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN INCARNATION OF THE SNOW. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+A MINE OF FAULTS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE ASHES OF A GOD. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+*BUBBLES OF THE FOAM. Fcap 4to. 5s. net. Also Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Balfour (Graham). THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. Illustrated.
+Fifth Edition in one Volume. Cr. 8vo. Buckram, 6s. Also Fcap.
+8vo. 1s. net.
+
+
+Baring (Hon. Maurice). A YEAR IN RUSSIA. Second Edition. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+LANDMARKS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
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+
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+Findlater (Mary). A NARROW WAY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+London (Jack). WHITE FANG. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Lucas (E. V.). LISTENER'S LURE: An Oblique Narration. Eighth Edition.
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+A MOMENT'S ERROR.
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+
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+GRIFF OF GRIFFITHSCOURT.
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+THE FERRYMAN.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
+THE POACHER'S WIFE.
+
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+
+
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+
+
+Ridge (W. Pett). A SON OF THE STATE.
+
+LOST PROPERTY.
+
+GEORGE and THE GENERAL.
+
+A BREAKER OF LAWS.
+
+ERB.
+
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+Russell (W. Clark). ABANDONED.
+
+A MARRIAGE AT SEA.
+
+MY DANISH SWEETHEART.
+
+HIS ISLAND PRINCESS.
+
+
+Sergeant (Adeline). THE MASTER OF BEECHWOOD.
+
+BALBARA'S MONEY.
+
+THE YELLOW DIAMOND.
+
+THE LOVE THAT OVERCAME.
+
+
+Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred). THE KINSMAN.
+
+
+Surtees (R. S.). HANDLEY CROSS.
+
+MR. SPONGE'S SPORTING TOUR.
+
+ASK MAMMA.
+
+
+Walford (Mrs. L. B.). MR. SMITH.
+
+COUSINS.
+
+THE BABY'S GRANDMOTHER.
+
+TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS.
+
+
+Wallace (General Lew). BEN-HUR.
+
+THE FAIR GOD.
+
+
+Watson (H. B. Marriott). THE ADVENTURERS.
+
+CAPTAIN FORTUNE.
+
+
+Weekes (A. B.). PRISONERS OF WAR.
+
+
+Wells (H. G.). THE SEA LADY.
+
+
+Whitby (Beatrice). THE RESULT OF AN ACCIDENT.
+
+
+White (Percy). A PASSIONATE PILGRIM.
+
+
+Williamson (Mrs. C. N.). PAPA.
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED,
+LONDON AND WOKING.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
+
+
+The word "earth-bound" appears with and without an hyphen. The word has
+been spelled as in the original.
+
+Variations in spelling appear as in the original. Examples include the
+following:
+
+     lechugilla/lechuguillas
+     RUBA'IYAT/Rubáiyát
+     werewolfes/werwolfs/werwolves/WEREWOLVES
+
+The following words use an oe ligature in the original:
+
+     asafoetida
+     COELI
+     Manoeuvres
+
+The name "E. OE. Somerville" uses an oe ligature in the original.
+
+Ellipses appear as in the original.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 26629-8.txt or 26629-8.zip *****
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Werwolves
+
+Author: Elliott O'Donnell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2008 [EBook #26629]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lisa Reigel and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class = "notebox"><p>Transcriber's Notes:<br /><br />
+Symbols that may not display correctly in all browsers are
+<ins class="symbol" title="like this">underlined</ins> in the text. Position your
+mouse over the line to see a description of the symbol.</p>
+
+<p>Click on the page number to see an image of the page.</p>
+
+<p>More notes <a href="#TN">follow</a> the text.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="smallgap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i"></a>[<a href="./images/i.png">i</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+
+<h1>WERWOLVES</h1>
+
+<p class="gap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii"></a>[<a href="./images/ii.png">ii</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="p2">BY THE SAME AUTHOR</p>
+
+<p class="p4">SOME HAUNTED HOUSES OF ENGLAND AND WALES</p>
+
+<p class="p4">THE HAUNTED HOUSES OF LONDON</p>
+
+<p class="p4">SCOTTISH GHOST TALES</p>
+
+<p class="p4">BYEWAYS OF GHOSTLAND</p>
+
+<p class="p4">GHOSTLY PHENOMENA</p>
+
+<p class="p4">THE REMINISCENCES OF MRS. E. M. WARD</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="biggap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii"></a>[<a href="./images/iii.png">iii</a>]</span></p>
+<h1>WERWOLVES</h1>
+<p class="gap">&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>ELLIOTT O'DONNELL</h2>
+<p class="biggap">&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>METHUEN &amp; CO. LTD.</h4>
+<h4>36 ESSEX STREET W.C.</h4>
+<h4>LONDON</h4>
+
+
+<p class="biggap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv"></a>[<a href="./images/iv.png">iv</a>]</span></p>
+<h4><i>First Published in 1912</i></h4>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v"></a>[<a href="./images/v.png">v</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="Table of Contents" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:x-small">CHAP.</span></td>
+  <td class="tdright"><span style="font-size:x-small">PAGE</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">I.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WHAT IS A WERWOLF?</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">II.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF LYCANTHROPY</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">III.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">IV.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">V.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">VI.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">VII.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb" style="padding-left: 5em;"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">VIII.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">IX.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES IN GERMANY</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_143">143</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">X.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE CASE OF THE COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_161">161</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XI.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XII.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi"></a>[<a href="./images/vi.png">vi</a>]</span>XIII.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_212">212</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XIV.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_225">225</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XV.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_236">236</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XVI.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_256">256</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightt">XVII.</td>
+  <td class="tdlefth">THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA</td>
+  <td class="tdrightb"><a href="#Page_270">270</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii"></a>[<a href="./images/vii.png">vii</a>]</span></p>
+<h1>WERWOLVES</h1>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii"></a>[<a href="./images/viii.png">viii</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>[<a href="./images/1.png">1</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER I</h2>
+
+<h3>WHAT IS A WERWOLF?</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">W</span>HAT is a werwolf? To this there is no one very satisfactory reply.
+There are, indeed, so many diverse views held with regard to the nature
+and classification of werwolves, their existence is so keenly disputed,
+and the subject is capable of being regarded from so many standpoints,
+that any attempt at definition in a restricted sense would be well-nigh
+impossible.</p>
+
+<p>The word werwolf (or werewolf) is derived from the Anglo-Saxon <i>wer</i>,
+man, and <i>wulf</i>, wolf, and has its equivalents in the German <i>W&auml;hrwolf</i>
+and French <i>loup-garou</i>, whilst it is also to be found in the languages,
+respectively, of Scandinavia, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkan
+Peninsula, and of certain of the countries of Asia and Africa; from
+which it may <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a>[<a href="./images/2.png">2</a>]</span>be concluded that its range is pretty well universal.</p>
+
+<p>Indeed, there is scarcely a country in the world in which belief in a
+werwolf, or in some other form of lycanthropy, has not once existed,
+though it may have ceased to exist now. But whereas in some countries
+the werwolf is considered wholly physical, in others it is looked upon
+as partly, if not entirely, superphysical. And whilst in some countries
+it is restricted to the male sex, in others it is confined to the
+female; and, again, in others it is to be met with in both sexes.</p>
+
+<p>Hence, when asked to describe a werwolf, or what is generally believed
+to be a werwolf, one can only say that a werwolf is an
+anomaly&mdash;sometimes man, sometimes woman (or in the guise of man or
+woman); sometimes adult, sometimes child (or in the guise of
+such)&mdash;that, under certain conditions, possesses the property of
+metamorphosing into a wolf, the change being either temporary or
+permanent.</p>
+
+<p>This, perhaps, expresses most of what is general concerning werwolves.
+For more particular features, upon which I will touch later, one must
+look to locality and time.</p>
+
+<p>Those who are sceptical with regard to the existence of the werwolf, and
+refuse to accept, as proof of such existence, the accumulated testimony
+of centuries, attribute the origin of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>[<a href="./images/3.png">3</a>]</span>the belief in the phenomenon
+merely to an insane delusion, which, by reason of its novelty, gained a
+footing and attracted followers.</p>
+
+<p>Humanity, they say, has ever been the same; and any fresh idea&mdash;no
+matter how bizarre or monstrous, so long as it is monstrous enough&mdash;has
+always met with support and won credence.</p>
+
+<p>In favour of this argument it is pointed out that in many of the cases
+of persons accused of werwolfery, tried in France, and elsewhere, in the
+middle of the sixteenth century, when belief in this species of
+lycanthropy was at its zenith, there was an extraordinary readiness
+among the accused to confess, and even to give circumstantial evidence
+of their own metamorphosis; and that this particular form of
+self-accusation at length became so popular among the leading people in
+the land, that the judicial court, having its suspicions awakened, and,
+doubtless, fearful of sentencing so many important personages, acquitted
+the majority of the accused, announcing them to be the victims of
+delusion and hysteria.</p>
+
+<p>Now, if it were admitted, argue these sceptics, that the bulk of
+so-called werwolves were impostors, is it not reasonable to suppose that
+all so-called werwolves were either voluntary or involuntary
+impostors?&mdash;the latter, <i>i.e.</i>, those who were not self-accused, being
+falsely accused by persons whose motive for so doing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>[<a href="./images/4.png">4</a>]</span>was revenge. For
+parallel cases one has only to refer to the trials for sorcery and
+witchcraft in England. And with regard to false accusations of
+lycanthropy&mdash;accusations founded entirely on hatred of the accused
+person&mdash;how easy it was to trump up testimony and get the accused
+convicted. The witnesses were rarely, if ever, subjected to a searching
+examination; the court was always biased, and a confession of guilt,
+when not voluntary&mdash;as in the case of the prominent citizen, when it was
+invariably pronounced due to hysteria or delusion&mdash;could always be
+obtained by means of torture, though a confession thus obtained,
+needless to say, is completely nullified. Moreover, we have no record of
+metamorphosis taking place in court, or before witnesses chosen for
+their impartiality. On the contrary, the alleged transmutations always
+occurred in obscure places, and in the presence of people who, one has
+reason to believe, were both hysterical and imaginative, and therefore
+predisposed to see wonders. So says this order of sceptic, and, to my
+mind, he says a great deal more than his facts justify; for although
+contemporary writers generally are agreed that a large percentage of
+those people who voluntarily confessed they were werwolves were mere
+dissemblers, there is no recorded conclusive testimony to show that all
+such self-accused persons were shams and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>[<a href="./images/5.png">5</a>]</span>delusionaries. Besides, even
+if such testimony were forthcoming, it would in nowise preclude the
+existence of the werwolf.</p>
+
+<p>Nor does the fact that all the accused persons submitted to the rack, or
+other modes of torture, confessed themselves werwolves prove that all
+such confessions were false.</p>
+
+<p>Granted also that some of the charges of lycanthropy were groundless,
+being based on malice&mdash;which, by the by, is no argument for the
+non-existence of lycanthropy, since it is acknowledged that accusations
+of all sorts, having been based on malice, have been equally
+groundless&mdash;there is nothing in the nature of written evidence that
+would justify one in assuming that all such charges were traceable to
+the same cause, <i>i.e.</i>, a malicious agency. Neither can one dismiss the
+testimony of those who swore they were actual eye-witnesses of
+metamorphoses, on the mere assumption that all such witnesses were
+liable to hallucination or hysteria, or were hyper-imaginative.</p>
+
+<p>Testimony to an event having taken place must be regarded as positive
+evidence of such an occurrence, until it can be satisfactorily proved to
+be otherwise&mdash;and this is where the case of the sceptic breaks down; he
+can only offer assumption, not proof.</p>
+
+<p>Another view, advanced by those who discredit werwolves, is that belief
+in the existence <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>[<a href="./images/6.png">6</a>]</span>of such an anomaly originates in the impression made
+on man in early times by the great elemental powers of nature. It was,
+they say, man's contemplation of the changes of these great elemental
+powers of nature, <i>i.e.</i>, the changes of the sun and moon, wind, thunder
+and lightning, of the day and night, sunshine and rain, of the seasons,
+and of life and death, and his deductions therefrom, that led to his
+belief in and worship of gods that could assume varying shapes, such,
+for example, as India (who occasionally took the form of a bull),
+Derketo (who sometimes metamorphosed into a fish), Poseidon, Jupiter
+Ammon, Milosh Kobilitch, Minerva, and countless others&mdash;and that it is
+to this particular belief and worship, which is to be found in the
+mythology of every race, that all religions, as well as belief in
+fairies, demons, werwolves, and phantasms, may be traced.</p>
+
+<p>Well, this might be so, if there were not, in my opinion, sufficient
+accumulative corroborative evidence to show that not only were there
+such anomalies as werwolves formerly, but that, in certain restricted
+areas, they are even yet to be encountered.</p>
+
+<p>Taking, then, the actual existence of werwolves to be an established
+fact, it is, of course, just as impossible to state their origin as it
+is to state the origin of any other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>[<a href="./images/7.png">7</a>]</span>extraordinary form of creation.
+Every religious creed, every Occult sect, advances its own respective
+views&mdash;and has a perfect right to do so, as long as it advances them as
+views and not dogmatisms.</p>
+
+<p>I, for my part, bearing in mind that everything appertaining to the
+creation of man and the universe is a profound mystery, cannot see the
+object on the part of religionists and scientists in being arbitrary
+with regard to a subject which any child of ten will apprehend to be one
+whereon it is futile to do other than theorize. My own theory, or rather
+one of my own theories, is that the property of transmutation, <i>i.e.</i>,
+the power of assuming any animal guise, was one of the many
+properties&mdash;including second sight, the property of becoming invisible
+at will, of divining the presence of water, metals, the advent of death,
+and of projecting the etherical body&mdash;which were bestowed on man at the
+time of his creation; and that although mankind in general is no longer
+possessed of them, a few of these properties are still, in a lesser
+degree, to be found among those of us who are termed psychic.</p>
+
+<p>The history of the Jews is full of references to certain of these
+properties. The greatest of all the Superphysical Forces&mdash;the creating
+Force (the Hebrew Jah, Jehovah)&mdash;so says the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>[<a href="./images/8.png">8</a>]</span>Bible, constantly held
+direct communication with His elect&mdash;with Adam, Noah, Abraham, and
+Moses, while His emissaries, the angels, or what modern Occultists would
+term Benevolent Elementals, conversed with Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, and
+hosts of others. In this same history, too, there is no lack of
+reference to sorcery; and whilst Black Magic is illustrated in the
+tricks wrought by the magicians before Pharaoh, and the infliction of
+all manner of plagues upon the Egyptians, one is rather inclined to
+attribute to White Magic Daniel's safety among the lions; Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abed-nego's preservation from the flames; Elijah's
+miraculous spinning out of the barrel of meal and cruse of oil, in the
+days of famine, and his raising of the widow's son. Also, to the account
+of White Magic&mdash;and should anyone dispute this point let me remind him
+that it is merely a difference in the point of view&mdash;I would add
+Elisha's calling up of the bears that made such short work of the
+naughty children who tormented him. There are, too, many examples of
+divination recorded in the Bible. In Genesis, chapter xxx., verses
+27-43, a description is given of a divining rod and its influence over
+sheep and other animals; in Exodus, chapter xvii., verse 15, Moses with
+the aid of a rod discovers water in the rock at Rephidim, and for
+similar <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>[<a href="./images/9.png">9</a>]</span>instances one has only to refer to Exodus, chapter xiv., verse
+16, and chapter xvii., verses 9-11. The calling up of the phantasm of
+Samuel at Endor more than suggests a biblical precedent for the modern
+practice of spiritualism; and it was, undoubtedly, the abuse of such
+power as that possessed by the witch of Endor, and the prevalence of
+sorcery, such as she practised, that finally led to the decree delivered
+by Moses to the Children of Israel, that on no account were they to
+suffer a witch to live. Reference to yet another property of the
+occult&mdash;namely, Etherical Projection&mdash;which is clearly exemplified in
+the Scriptures, may be found in Numbers, chapter xii., verse 6; in Job,
+chapter xxxiii., verse 15; in the First Book of Kings, chapter iii.,
+verse 5; in Genesis, chapter xx., verses 3 and 6, and chapter xxxi.,
+verse 24; in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Nahum, and Zechariah; and more
+particularly in the Acts of the Apostles, and in the Revelation of St.
+John. Lastly, in this history of the Jews, which is surely neither more
+nor less authenticated than any other well established history,
+testimony as to the existence of one species of Elemental of much the
+same order as the werwolf is recorded by Isaiah. In chapter xiii., verse
+21, we read: "And their houses shall be full of doleful <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>[<a href="./images/10.png">10</a>]</span>creatures, and
+owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there." Satyrs! we
+repeat; are not satyrs every whit as grotesque and outrageous as
+werwolves? Why, then, should those who, regarding the Scriptures as
+infallible, confess to a belief in the satyr, reject the possibility of
+a werwolf? And for those who are more logically sceptical&mdash;who question
+the veracity of the Bible and are dubious as to its authenticity&mdash;there
+are the chronicles of Herodotus, Petronius Arbiter, Baronius, D&ocirc;le,
+Olaus Magnus, Marie de France, Thomas Aquinas, Richard Verstegan, and
+many other recognized historians and classics, covering a large area in
+the history of man, all of whom specially testify to the existence&mdash;in
+their own respective periods&mdash;of werwolves.</p>
+
+<p>And if any further evidence of this once near relationship with the
+Other World is required, one has only to turn to Aristotle, who wrote so
+voluminously on psychic dreams (most of which I am inclined to think
+were due to projection); to the teachings of Pythagoras and his
+followers, Empedocles and Apollonius; to Cicero and Tacitus; to Virgil,
+who frequently talks of ghosts and seers of Tyana; to Plato, the
+exponent of magic; and to Plutarch, whose works swarm with allusions to
+Occultism of all <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>[<a href="./images/11.png">11</a>]</span>kinds&mdash;phantasms of the dead, satyrs, and numerous
+other species of Elementals.</p>
+
+<p>I say, then, that in ages past, before any of the artificialities
+appertaining to our present mode of living were introduced; when the
+world was but thinly populated and there were vast regions of wild
+wastes and silent forests, the Known and Unknown walked hand in hand. It
+was seclusion of this kind, the seclusion of nature, that spirits loved,
+and it was in this seclusion they were always to be found whenever man
+wanted to hold communication with them. To such silent spots&mdash;to the
+woods and wildernesses&mdash;Buddha, Mohammed, the Hebrew Patriarchs and
+Prophets, all, in their turn, resorted, to solicit the companionship of
+benevolently disposed spirits, to be tutored by them, and, in all
+probability, to receive from them additional powers. To these wastes and
+forests, too, went all those who wished to do ill. There they communed
+with the spirits of darkness, <i>i.e.</i>, demons, or what are also termed
+Vice Elementals; and from the latter they acquired&mdash;possibly in exchange
+for some of their own vitality, for spirits of this order are said to
+have envied man his material body&mdash;tuition in sorcery, and such
+properties as second sight, invisibility, and lycanthropy.</p>
+
+<p>This property of lycanthropy, or metamorphosing into a beast, probably
+dates back to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>[<a href="./images/12.png">12</a>]</span>man's creation. It was, I am inclined to believe,
+conferred on man at his creation by Malevolent Forces that were
+antagonistic to man's progress; and that these Malevolent Forces had a
+large share in the creation of this universe is, to my mind, extremely
+probable. But, however that may be, I cannot believe that the creation
+of man and the universe were due entirely to one Creator&mdash;there are
+assuredly too many inconsistencies in all we see around us to justify
+belief in only one Creative Force. The Creator who inspired man with
+love&mdash;love for his fellow beings and love of the beautiful&mdash;could not be
+the same Creator who framed that irredeemably cruel principle observable
+throughout nature, <i>i.e.</i>, the survival of the fittest; the preying of
+the stronger on the weaker&mdash;of the tiger on the feebler beasts of the
+jungle; the eagle on the smaller birds of the air; the wolf on the
+sheep; the shark on the poor, defenceless fish, and so on; neither could
+He be the Creator that deals in diseases&mdash;foul and filthy diseases,
+common, not only to all divisions of the human species, but to
+quadrupeds, birds, fish, and even flora; that brings into existence
+cripples and idiots, the blind, the deaf and dumb; and watches with
+passive inertness the most acute sufferings, not only of adults, but of
+sinless children and all manner of helpless animals. No! It is
+impossible to conceive <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>[<a href="./images/13.png">13</a>]</span>that such incompatibilities can be the work of
+one Creator. But, supposing, for the sake of argument, we may admit the
+possibility of only one Creator, we cannot concede that this Creator is
+at the same time both omnipotent and merciful. My own belief, which is
+merely based on common sense and observation, is that this earth was
+created by many Forces&mdash;that everything that makes for man's welfare is
+due to Benevolent Forces; and that everything that tends to his
+detriment is due to antagonistic Malevolent Forces; and that the
+Malevolent Forces exist for the very simple reason that the Benevolent
+Forces are not sufficiently powerful to destroy them.</p>
+
+<p>These Malevolent Forces, then&mdash;the originators of all evil&mdash;created
+werwolves; and the property of lycanthropy becoming in many cases
+hereditary, there were families that could look back upon countless
+generations possessed of it. But lycanthropy did not remain in the
+exclusive possession of a few families; the bestowal of it continued
+long after its original creation, and I doubt if this bestowal has, even
+now, become entirely a thing of the past. There are still a few
+regions&mdash;desolate and isolated regions in Europe (in Russia,
+Scandinavia, and even France), to say nothing of Asia, Africa and
+America, Australasia and Polynesia&mdash;which are unquestionably the haunts
+of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>[<a href="./images/14.png">14</a>]</span>Vagrarians, Barrowvians, and other kinds of undesirable Elementals,
+and it is quite possible that, through the agency of these spirits, the
+property of lycanthropy might be acquired by those who have learned in
+solitude how to commune with them.</p>
+
+<p>I have already referred to the werwolf as an anomaly, and for its
+designation I do not think I could have chosen a more suitable term.
+Though its movements and actions are physical&mdash;for what could be more
+material than the act of devouring flesh and blood?&mdash;the actual process
+of the metamorphosis savours of the superphysical; whilst to still
+further strengthen its relationship with the latter, its appearance is
+sometimes half man and half wolf, which is certainly more than
+suggestive of the semi-human and by no means uncommon type of Elemental.
+Its inconsistency, too, which is a striking characteristic of all
+psychic phenomena, is also suggestive of the superphysical; and there is
+certainly neither consistency as to the nature of the
+metamorphosis&mdash;which is sometimes brought about at will and sometimes
+entirely controlled by the hour of day, or by the seasons&mdash;nor as to the
+outward form of the werwolf, which is sometimes merely that of a wolf,
+and sometimes partly wolf and partly human; nor as to its shape at the
+moment of death, when in some cases there is metamorphosis, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>[<a href="./images/15.png">15</a>]</span>whilst in
+other cases there is no metamorphosis. Nor is this inconsistency only
+characteristic of the movements, actions, and shape of the werwolf. It
+is also characteristic of it psychologically. When the metamorphosis is
+involuntary, and is enforced by agencies over which the subject has no
+control, the werwolf, though filled with all the passions characteristic
+of a beast of prey, when a wolf, is not of necessity cruel and savage
+when a human being, that is to say, before the transmutations take
+place. There are many instances of such werwolves being, as people,
+affectionate and kindly disposed. On the other hand, in some cases of
+involuntary metamorphosis, and in the majority of cases of voluntary
+metamorphosis&mdash;that is to say, when the transmutation is compassed by
+means of magic&mdash;the werwolf, as a person, is evilly disposed, and as a
+wolf shows a distinct blending of the beast with the passions, subtle
+ingenuity, and reasoning powers of the human being. From this it is
+obvious, then, that the werwolf is a hybrid of the material and
+immaterial&mdash;of man and Elemental, known and Unknown. The latter term
+does not, of course, meet with acceptance at the hands of the
+Rationalists, who profess to believe that all phenomena can be explained
+by perfectly natural causes. They suggest that belief in the werwolf (as
+indeed in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>[<a href="./images/16.png">16</a>]</span>all other forms of lycanthropy) is traceable to the craving
+for blood which is innate in certain natures and is sometimes
+accompanied by hallucination, the subject genuinely believing himself to
+be a wolf (or whatever beast of prey is most common in the district),
+and, in imitation of that animal's habits, committing acts of
+devastation at night, selecting his victims principally from among women
+and children&mdash;those, in fact, who are too feeble to resist him.</p>
+
+<p>Often, however, say these Rationalists, there is no suggestion of
+hallucination, the question resolving itself into one of vulgar
+trickery. The anthropophagi, unable to suppress their appetite for human
+food, taking advantage of the general awe in which the wolf is held by
+their neighbours, dress themselves up in the skins of that beast, and
+prowling about lonely, isolated spots at night, pounce upon those people
+they can most easily overpower. Rumours (most probably started by the
+murderers themselves) speedily get in circulation that the mangled and
+half-eaten remains of the villagers are attributable to creatures, half
+human and half wolf, that have been seen gliding about certain places
+after dark. The simple country-folk, among whom superstitions are rife,
+are only too ready to give credence to such reports; the existence of
+the monsters becomes an established thing, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a>[<a href="./images/17.png">17</a>]</span>whilst the localities that
+harbour them are regarded with horror, and looked upon as the happy
+hunting ground of every imaginable occult power of evil.</p>
+
+<p>Now, although such an explanation of werwolves might be applicable in
+certain districts of West Africa, where the native population is
+excessively bloodthirsty and ignorant, it could not for one moment be
+applied to werwolfery in Germany, France, or Scandinavia, where the
+peasantry are, generally speaking, kindly and intelligent people, whom
+one could certainly accuse neither of being sanguinary nor of possessing
+any natural taste for cannibalism.</p>
+
+<p>The rationalist view can therefore only be said to be feasible in
+certain limited spheres, outside of which it is grotesque and
+ridiculous.</p>
+
+<p>Now a question that has occurred to me, and which, I fancy, may give
+rise to some interesting speculation, is, whether some of the werwolves
+stated to have been seen may not have been some peculiar type of
+phantasm. I make this suggestion because I have seen several sub-human
+and sub-animal occult phenomena in England, and have, too, met other
+people who have had similar experiences.</p>
+
+<p>With our limited knowledge of the Unknown it is, of course, impossible
+to be arbitrary as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>[<a href="./images/18.png">18</a>]</span>to the class of spirits to which such phenomena
+belong. They may be Vice Elementals, <i>i.e.</i>, spirits that have never
+inhabited any material body, whether human or animal, and which are
+wholly inimical to man's progress&mdash;such spirits assume an infinite
+number of shapes, agreeable and otherwise; or they may be phantasms of
+dead human beings&mdash;vicious and carnal-minded people, idiots, and
+imbecile epileptics. It is an old belief that the souls of cataleptic
+and epileptic people, during the body's unconsciousness, adjourned
+temporarily to animals, and it is therefore only in keeping with such a
+view to suggest that on the deaths of such people their spirits take
+permanently the form of animals. This would account for the fact that
+places where cataleptics and idiots have died are often haunted by semi
+and by wholly animal types of phantasms.</p>
+
+<p>According to Paracelsus Man has in him two spirits&mdash;an animal spirit and
+a human spirit&mdash;and that in after life he appears in the shape of
+whichever of these two spirits he has allowed to dominate him. If, for
+example, he has obeyed the spirit that prompts him to be sober and
+temperate, then his phantasm resembles a man; but on the other hand, if
+he has given way to his carnal and bestial cravings, then his phantasm
+is earthbound, in the guise of some terrifying and repellent
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>[<a href="./images/19.png">19</a>]</span>animal&mdash;maybe a wolf, bear, dog, or cat&mdash;all of which shapes are far
+from uncommon in psychic manifestations.</p>
+
+<p>This view has been held either <i>in toto</i>, or with certain reservations,
+by many other writers on the subject, and I, too, in a great measure
+endorse it&mdash;its pronouncement of a limit to man's phantasms being,
+perhaps, the only important point to which I cannot accede. My own view
+is that so complex a creature as man&mdash;complex both physically and
+psychologically&mdash;may have a representative spirit for each of his
+personalities. Hence on man's physical dissolution there may emanate
+from him a host of phantasms, each with a shape most fitting the
+personality it represents. And what more thoroughly representative of
+cruelty, savageness, and treachery than a wolf, or even something partly
+lupine! Therefore, as I have suggested elsewhere, in some instances, but
+emphatically not in all, what were thought to have been werwolves may
+only have been phantasms of the dead, or Elementals.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>[<a href="./images/20.png">20</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER II</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF LYCANTHROPY</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">T</span>HE wolf is not the only animal whose shape, it is stated, man may
+possess the power of assuming; and it may be of some interest to inquire
+briefly into the varying branches of lycanthropy, comparing them with
+the one already under discussion.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Kandhs" id="Kandhs"></a>In Orissa, the power of metamorphosing into a tiger is asserted by the
+Kandhs to be hereditary, and also to be acquired through the practice of
+magic; many who have travelled in this country have assured me that
+there is a very great amount of truth in this assertion; and that
+although there are, without doubt, a number of impostors among those
+designated wer-tigers, there are most certainly many who are genuine.</p>
+
+<p>As with the werwolf, so with the wer-tiger, the metamorphosis is usually
+dependent on the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>[<a href="./images/21.png">21</a>]</span>hour of the day, and generally occurs cotemporaneous
+with the setting of the sun.</p>
+
+<p>But the lycanthropy of the wer-tiger differs from that of the werwolf
+inasmuch as there is a definite god or spirit, in the shape of a tiger,
+that is directly responsible for the bestowal of the property. This
+tiger deity is looked upon and worshipped as a totem or national
+deity&mdash;that is to say, as a divine being that has the welfare of the
+Kandh nation especially at heart. It is communed with at home, but more
+particularly in the wild dreariness of the jungle, where, on the
+condition that the prayers of its devotees are sufficiently concentrated
+and in earnest, it confers&mdash;as an honour and privilege&mdash;the power of
+transmutation into its own shape. Some idea of its appearance may
+perhaps be gathered from the following description of it given me by a
+Mr. K&mdash;&mdash;, whose name I see in the list of passengers reported "missing"
+in the deplorable disaster to the "Titanic."</p>
+
+<p>"Anxious to see," Mr. K&mdash;&mdash; stated, "if there was anything of truth in
+the alleged materialization of the tiger totem to those supplicating it,
+I went one evening to a spot in the jungle&mdash;some two or three miles from
+the village&mdash;where I had been informed the manifestations took place. As
+the jungle was universally held to be haunted I met no one; and in spite
+of my dread of the snakes, big <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>[<a href="./images/22.png">22</a>]</span>cats, wild boars, scorpions, and other
+poisonous vermin with which the place was swarming, arrived without
+mishap at the place that had been so carefully described to me&mdash;a
+circular clearing of about twenty feet in diameter, surrounded on all
+sides by rank grass of a prodigious height, trolsee shrubs, kulpa and
+tamarind-trees. Quickly concealing myself, I waited the coming of the
+would-be tiger-man.</p>
+
+<p>"He was hardly more than a boy&mdash;slim and almost feminine&mdash;and came
+gallivanting along the narrow path through the brushwood, like some
+careless, high-spirited, brown-skinned hoyden.</p>
+
+<p>"The moment he reached the edge of the mystic circle, however, his
+behaviour changed; the light of laughter died from his eyes, his lips
+straightened, his limbs stiffened, and his whole demeanour became one of
+respect and humility.</p>
+
+<p>"Advancing with bare head and feet some three or so feet into the
+clearing, he knelt down, and, touching the ground three times in
+succession with his forehead, looked up at a giant kulpa-tree opposite
+him, chanting as he did so some weird and monotonous refrain, the
+meaning of which was unintelligible to me. Up to then it had been
+light&mdash;the sky, like all Indian skies at that season, one blaze of
+moonbeams and stars; but now it gradually grew <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>[<a href="./images/23.png">23</a>]</span>dark. An unnatural,
+awe-inspiring shade seemed to swoop down from the far distant mountains
+and to hush into breathless silence everything it touched. Not a bird
+sang, not an insect ticked, not a leaf stirred. One might have said all
+nature slept, had it not been for an uncomfortable sensation that the
+silence was but the silence of intense expectation&mdash;merely the prelude
+to some unpleasant revelation that was to follow. At this juncture my
+feelings were certainly novel&mdash;entirely different from any I had
+hitherto experienced.</p>
+
+<p>"I had not believed in the supernatural, and had had absolutely no
+apprehensions of coming across anything of a ghostly character&mdash;all my
+fears had been of malicious natives and tigers; they now, however,
+changed, and I was confronted with a dread of what I could not
+understand and could not analyse&mdash;of something that suggested an
+appearance, alarming on account of its very vagueness.</p>
+
+<p>"The pulsations of my heart became irregular, I grew faint and sick, and
+painfully susceptible to a sensation of excessive coldness, which
+instinct told me was quite independent of any actual change in the
+atmosphere.</p>
+
+<p>"I made several attempts to remove my gaze from the kulpa-tree, which
+intuition told me would be the spot where the something, whatever it
+was, that was going to happen would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>[<a href="./images/24.png">24</a>]</span>manifest itself. My eyes, however,
+refused to obey, and I was obliged to keep them steadily fixed on this
+spot, which grew more and more gloomy. All of a sudden the silence was
+broken, and a cry, half human and half animal, but horribly ominous,
+sounding at first faint and distant, speedily grew louder and louder.
+Soon I heard footsteps, the footsteps of something running towards us
+and covering the ground with huge, light strides. Nearer and nearer it
+came, till, with a sudden spring, it burst into view&mdash;the giant reeds
+and trolsees were dashed aside, and I saw standing in front of the
+kulpa-tree a vertical column of crimson light of perhaps seven feet in
+height and one or so in width. A column&mdash;only a column, though the
+suggestion conveyed to me by the column was nasty&mdash;nasty with a
+nastiness that baffles description. I looked at the native, and the
+expression in his eyes and mouth assured me he saw more&mdash;a very great
+deal more. For some seconds he only gasped; then, by degrees, the
+rolling of his eyes and twitching of his lips ceased. He stretched out a
+hand and made some sign on the ground. Then he produced a string of
+beads, and after placing it over the scratchings he had made on the
+soil, jerked out some strange incantation in a voice that thickened and
+quivered with terror. I then saw a stream of red light steal from the
+base of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>[<a href="./images/25.png">25</a>]</span>column and dart like forked lightning to the beads, which
+instantly shone a luminous red. The native now picked them up, and,
+putting them round his neck, clapped the palms of his hands vigorously
+together, uttering as he did so a succession of shrill cries, that
+gradually became more and more animal in tone, and finally ended in a
+roar that converted every particle of blood in my veins into ice. The
+crimson colour now abruptly vanished&mdash;whither it went I know not&mdash;the
+shade that had been veiling the jungle was dissipated, and in the burst
+of brilliant moonlight that succeeded I saw, peering up at me, from the
+spot where the native had lain, the yellow, glittering, malevolent eyes,
+not of a man, but a tiger&mdash;a tiger thirsting for human blood. The shock
+was so great that for a second or two I was paralysed, and could only
+stare back at the thing in fascinated helplessness. Then a big bird
+close at hand screeched, and some small quadruped flew past me
+terrified; and with these awakenings of nature all my faculties revived,
+and I simply jumped on my feet and&mdash;fled!</p>
+
+<p>"Some fifty yards ahead of me, and showing their tops well above the
+moon-kissed reeds and bushes, were two trees&mdash;a tamarind and a kulpa
+briksha. God knows why I decided on the latter! Probably through a mere
+fluke, for I hadn't the remotest idea which of the trees <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>[<a href="./images/26.png">26</a>]</span>offered the
+best facilities to a poor climber. My mind once made up, there was no
+time to alter. The wer-tiger was already terribly close behind. I could
+gauge its distance by the patter of its feet&mdash;apparently the
+metamorphosis had only been in part&mdash;and by the steadily intensifying
+purr, purr; so unmistakably interpretative of the brute's utter
+satisfaction in its power to overtake me, as well as at the prospect of
+so good a meal. I was just thirteen stone, seemingly a most unlucky
+number even in weight! Had the tiger wanted, I am sure he could have
+caught me at once, but I fancy it wished to play with me a little
+first&mdash;to let me think I was going to escape, and then, when it had got
+all the amusement possible out of me, just to give a little sprint and
+haul me over. Perhaps it was my anger at such undignified treatment of
+the human race that gave a kind of sting to my running, for I certainly
+got over the ground at twice the speed I had ever done before, or ever
+thought myself capable of doing. At times my limbs were on the verge of
+mutiny, but I forced them onward, and though my lungs seemed bursting, I
+never paused. At last a clearing was reached and the kulpa-tree stood
+fully revealed. I glanced at once at the trunk. The lowest branch of any
+size was some eight feet from the ground.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>[<a href="./images/27.png">27</a>]</span>Could I reach it?
+Summoning up all my efforts for this final, and in all probability
+fatal, rush, I hurled myself forward. There was a low exultant roar, a
+soft, almost feminine purr, and a long hairy paw, with black, gleaming
+claws shot past my cheek. I gave a great gasp of anguish, and with all
+the pent-up force of despair clutched at the branch overhead. My
+finger-tips just curled over it; I tightened them, but, at the most, it
+was a very feeble, puny grasp, and totally insufficient to enable me to
+swing my body out of reach of the tiger. I immediately gave myself up as
+lost, and was endeavouring to reconcile myself to the idea of being
+slowly chewed alive, when an extraordinary thing happened. The wer-tiger
+gave a low growl of terror and, bounding away, was speedily lost in the
+jungle. Fearing it might return, I waited for some time in the tree, and
+then, as there were no signs of it, descended, and very cautiously made
+my way back to the village.</p>
+
+<p>"That night an entire family, father, mother, son, and daughter, were
+murdered, and their mutilated and half-eaten bodies were discovered on
+the floor of their hut in the morning. Evidence pointed to their having
+been killed by a tiger; and as they had been the sworn enemies of the
+young man whose metamorphosis I had witnessed, it was not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>[<a href="./images/28.png">28</a>]</span>difficult to
+guess at the identity of their destroyer.</p>
+
+<p>"I related my adventure to one of the chief people, and he informed me
+he knew that particular kulpa-tree well. 'You undoubtedly owe your
+salvation to having touched it,' he said. 'The original kulpa, which now
+stands in the first heaven, is said to have been one of the fourteen
+remarkable things turned up by the churning of the ocean by the gods and
+demons; and the name of Ram and his consort Seeter are written on the
+silvery trunks of all its earthly descendants. If once you touch any
+portion of a kulpa briksha tree, you are quite safe from any
+animal&mdash;that is why the wer-tiger snarled and ran away! But take my
+advice, sahib, and leave the village.'</p>
+
+<p>"I did so, and on the way to my home in the hills visited the tree.
+There, sure enough, plainly visible on the silvery surface in the
+twilight, was the name of the incarnation of Vishnu, written in Sanskrit
+characters, and apparently by some supernatural hand; that is to say,
+there was a softness in the impression, as if the finger of some
+supernatural being had traced the characters. I did not want any further
+proofs&mdash;I had had enough; and taking good care to see my gun was loaded,
+I hurried off. Nor have I ever ventured into that neighbourhood since."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>[<a href="./images/29.png">29</a>]</span>Mr. K&mdash;&mdash;, continuing, informed me that from what he had been told by
+his friend in the Kandh village, he concluded that only those who had
+been initiated into the full rites of magic in their early youth could
+see the totem in its full state of materialization, <i>i.e.</i>, an enormous
+tiger&mdash;half man and half beast. To those who were in some degree
+clairvoyant it would appear as it had appeared to him, a mere column of
+crimson light (crimson on account of its association with Black Magic);
+whilst to those who were not in any way clairvoyant it would remain
+entirely invisible. The young Kandh had prayed for the property of
+lycanthropy solely as a means of revenge on those whom he imagined had
+wronged him; and as a wer-tiger he was able to destroy them in the most
+cruel manner possible. The property when once acquired, however, could
+never be cast off, and the young man would, willy-nilly, undergo
+transmutation every night, and in all probability continue killing and
+eating people till some one plucked up the courage&mdash;for wer-tigers were
+not only dreaded, but held in the greatest awe&mdash;to shoot him.</p>
+
+<p>There are certain tribes in India known to be adepts in Occultism, and
+therefore one is not surprised to find lycanthropy linked with the
+mysterious jugglery, etherical projection, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>[<a href="./images/30.png">30</a>]</span>and other psychic feats
+accomplished by these tribesmen. The wer-tiger is not confined to the
+Kandhs: it is met with in Malaysia, in the gorgeous tropical forests of
+Java and Sumatra, where it is feared more than anything on earth by the
+gentle and intelligent natives; and, if rumour be true, in the great,
+lone mountains and dense jungles, and along the hot, unhealthy
+river-banks of New Guinea.</p>
+
+<p>In Arawak, it gives place to the wer-jaguar; in Ashangoland, and many
+parts of West Africa, to the wer-leopard. Of course, there are cases of
+charlatanism in lycanthropy as in medicine, politics, palmistry, and in
+every other science. But most, if not all, of these cases of sham
+lycanthropy seem to come from West Africa, where leopard societies are
+from time to time formed by young savages unable to restrain their
+craving for cannibalism. These human vampires dress up in leopard-skins,
+and stealing stealthily through the woods at night, attack stray
+pedestrians or isolated households. After killing their victims, they
+cut off any portions of the body&mdash;usually the breasts and thighs&mdash;they
+fancy most for eating, and then mutilate the rest with the signia of
+their society, <i>i.e.</i>, long and deep scratchings, which are made either
+with the claws of a leopard or some other beast, or with sharp iron
+nails. Whole districts are <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a>[<a href="./images/31.png">31</a>]</span>often put in a state of panic by these
+marauders, who, retiring to their retreat in the heart of some little
+known, vast, and almost impenetrable forest, successfully defy capture.
+But the fact of there being pseudo-wer-leopards by no means disposes of
+the fact that there are genuine ones, any more than the fact that there
+are charlatan palmists precludes the possibility of there being <i>bona
+fide</i> palmists; and I am inclined to believe lycanthropy exists in
+certain parts of West Africa (<i>i.e.</i>, where primitive conditions are
+most in evidence), although not, perhaps, to the same extent as it does
+in Asia and Europe. I do not think the negro's relationship to the
+Occult Forces is quite the same as that of other races. He is often
+clairvoyant and clairaudiant, and always very much in awe of the
+superphysical; but it is rarely he can ever claim close intimacy with
+it&mdash;not close enough, at all events, to be the recipient of its special
+gifts.</p>
+
+<p>In werwolfery there is no "totem." The property of metamorphosis, in
+this branch of lycanthropy, is not deemed the gift of a national deity,
+but either of the Occult Powers in general or of some particular local
+phantasm. In other branches of lycanthropy, viz., that of the wer-tiger
+and wer-leopard&mdash;I am doubtful about the wer-jaguar&mdash;the property of
+transmutation <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>[<a href="./images/32.png">32</a>]</span>is said to be conferred solely by the god, or a god, of
+the tribe.</p>
+
+<p>But although these various properties of lycanthropy are apparently
+derived from different sources, the difference is only in outward form;
+and I have no hesitation in saying that the occult power from which all
+lycanthropy proceeds, whether in the form of a wolf, tiger, leopard, or
+any other beast, is in reality the same species of Elemental.<a name="FNanchor_32:1_1" id="FNanchor_32:1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_32:1_1" class="fnanchor">[32:1]</a> But
+whether a Vagrarian, Vice, or some other Elemental, I cannot possibly
+say.</p>
+
+<p>I have stated that I am doubtful as to whether totemism exists in
+Arawak. The truth is, with regard to this question, I am in receipt of
+somewhat conflicting testimony. Some say that the natives have as their
+god a deity in the form of a jaguar, to whom they pray for vengeance on
+their foes and for the property of lycanthropy; which property (<i>vide</i>
+the case of the <a href="#Kandhs">Kandhs</a>) would give them the additional pleasure of
+executing vengeance in their own person. On the other hand, I have heard
+that the form of a jaguar is the form most commonly assumed by spirits
+in Arawak, particularly by those invoked at s&eacute;ances. Hence it is
+extremely difficult to arrive at <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>[<a href="./images/33.png">33</a>]</span>the truth. From the corroborating
+testimony of various people, however, I conclude that whereas among the
+Kandhs and West African negroes the property of lycanthropy (unless, of
+course, hereditary) is rarely conferred on females, or on anyone younger
+than sixteen, in Arawak and Malaysia it is awarded regardless of sex or
+age.</p>
+
+<p>Some years ago there was current, among certain tribes of the natives in
+Arawak, a story to this effect:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>A Dutch trader, of the name of Van Hielen, was visiting for purely
+business purposes an Indian settlement in a very remote part of the
+colony. Roaming about the village one evening, he came to a hut standing
+alone on the outskirts of one of those dense forests that are so
+characteristic of Arawak. Van Hielen paused, and was marvelling how
+anyone could choose to live in so outlandish and lonely a spot, when a
+shrill scream, followed by a series of violent guttural ejaculations,
+came from the interior of the building, and the next moment a little
+boy&mdash;some seven or eight years of age&mdash;rushed out of the house, pursued
+by a prodigiously fat woman, who whacked him soundly across the
+shoulders with a knotted club and then halted for want of breath. Van
+Hielen, who was well versed in the native language, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>[<a href="./images/34.png">34</a>]</span>politely asked her
+what the boy had done to deserve so severe a chastisement.</p>
+
+<p>"Done!" the woman replied, opening her beady little eyes to their full
+extent; "why, he's not done anything&mdash;that's why I beat him&mdash;he's
+incorrigibly idle. He and his sister spend all their time amid the trees
+yonder conversing with the bad spirits. They learned that trick from
+Guska, with the evil eye. She has bewitched them. She was shot to death
+with arrows in the market-place last year, and my only regret is that
+she wasn't put out of the way ten years sooner. Ah! there's that wicked
+girl Yarakna&mdash;she's been hiding from me all the day. I must punish her,
+too!" and before Van Hielen could speak the indignant parent waddled
+off&mdash;with surprising swiftness for one of her vast proportions&mdash;and
+reappeared dragging by the wrist an elfish-looking girl of about ten.
+She gave the urchin one blow, and was about to give her another, when
+Van Hielen, whose heart was particularly tender where children were
+concerned, interfered, and by dint of bribery persuaded her to desist.
+She retired indoors, and Van Hielen found himself alone with the child.</p>
+
+<p>"May the spirit of the woods for ever be your friend!" the maiden said.
+"But for you my poor back would have been beaten to a tonka bean. My
+brother and I have suffered <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>[<a href="./images/35.png">35</a>]</span>enough at the hands of the old woman&mdash;we'll
+suffer no more."</p>
+
+<p>"What will you do then?" Van Hielen asked, shocked at the revengeful
+expression that marred the otherwise pretty features of the child.
+"Remember, she is your mother, and has every right to expect you to be
+obedient and industrious."</p>
+
+<p>"She is not our mother!" the girl answered. "Our mother is the spirit of
+the woods. We work for her&mdash;not for this old woman, and in return she
+tells us tales and amuses us."</p>
+
+<p>"You work for her!" Van Hielen said in amazement. "What do you mean?"</p>
+
+<p>The child smiled&mdash;the ignorance of the white man tickled her. "We gather
+aloes for medicine for her sick children; the core of the lechugilla for
+their food, yucca leaves for plumes for their heads, and scarlet
+panicles of the <i>Fouquiera splendens</i> for their clothes. My brother and
+I will go to her to-night when the old woman is sleeping. Where? Ah! we
+do not tell anyone that. Do we see her? The spirit of the woods, you
+mean? Yes, we see her, but it is not every one who can see her&mdash;only
+those who have sight like ours. But I must go now&mdash;my brother is calling
+me."</p>
+
+<p>Van Hielen could hear nothing; though he did not doubt, from the child's
+behaviour, that she had been called. She ran merrily away, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>[<a href="./images/36.png">36</a>]</span>and he
+watched her black head disappear in the thick undergrowth facing him.
+Van Hielen's curiosity was roused. What the child had said impressed him
+deeply; and against his saner judgment he resolved to secrete himself
+near the hut and watch. After it had been dusk some time, and all sounds
+had ceased, he saw the two children emerge from the hut, and, tiptoeing
+softly towards the trees, fall on their hands and knees and crawl along
+a tiny, deviating path. Hardly knowing what he was doing, but impelled
+by a force he could not resist, Van Hielen followed them. It was a
+delicious night&mdash;at that time of year every night in Arawak is
+delicious&mdash;and Van Hielen, who was very simple in his love of nature,
+imbibed delight through every pore in his body. As he trod gently along,
+pushing first this branch and then that out of the way, and stooping
+down to half his height to creep under a formidable bramble, countless
+voices from animal land fell on his ears. From a glimmering patch of
+water, away on his left, came the trump of a bull-frog and the wail of
+the whip-poor-will; a monkey chattered, a parrot screeched, whilst a
+shrill cry of terror, accompanied by a savage growl, plainly told of the
+surprise and slaughter of some defenceless animal by one of the many big
+beasts of prey that made every tree their lurking place.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>[<a href="./images/37.png">37</a>]</span>On any other occasion Van Hielen would have thought twice before
+embarking on such an expedition; but that night he seemed to be
+labouring under some charm which had lulled to sleep all sense of
+insecurity. It was true he was armed, but of what avail is a rifle
+against the unexpected spring of a jaguar or leopard&mdash;from a bough some
+ten or twenty feet directly over one's head&mdash;or the sudden lunge of a
+boa constrictor!</p>
+
+<p>At first, the path wound its way through a dense chapparal consisting of
+the various shrubs and plants rarely to be met with in other parts of
+Arawak, namely, acacias, aloes, lechuguillas, and the <i>Fouquiera
+splendens</i>. But after a short time this kind of vegetation was succeeded
+by something far more imposing&mdash;by dense masses of trees, many of them
+at the least one hundred and fifty feet in height: the mora, which from
+a distance appears like a hillock clothed with the brightest vegetation;
+the ayucari, or red cedar; and the cuamara, laden with tonka beans. So
+thick was their foliage overhead that one by one Van Hielen watched the
+stars disappear; and the path ahead of him darkened till it was as much
+as he could do to grope along. Still he was not afraid. The thought of
+that elfish little maiden with the luminous eyes crawling along in front
+of him inspired him with extraordinary <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>[<a href="./images/38.png">38</a>]</span>confidence and he plunged on,
+anxious only to catch another glimpse of her and see the play out. Once
+his progress was interrupted by something hot and leathery, that pushed
+him nearly off his feet and puffed rudely in his face. It was on the tip
+of his tongue to give vent to his ruffled feelings in forcible language,
+but the knowledge that this would assuredly warn the children of his
+proximity kept him quiet, and he contented himself with striking a
+vigorous blow. There was a loud snort, a crashing and breaking of
+brushwood, and the thing, whatever it was, rushed away. Another time he
+stumbled over a snake which was gliding from one side of the path to the
+other. The creature hissed, and Van Hielen, giving himself up for lost,
+jumped for all he was worth. As luck would have it the snake missed, and
+Van Hielen, escaping with nothing more serious than a few scratches and
+a bump or two, was able to continue his course. After long gropings the
+path at length came to an end, the trees cleared, and Van Hielen saw
+before him a pool, radiantly illuminated by the moon, and in the very
+centre&mdash;an immense Victoria Regia water-lily.</p>
+
+<p>Though accustomed to the fine species of this plant in Guiana&mdash;which is
+the home of the Victoria Regia&mdash;Van Hielen was doubtful if he had ever
+before beheld such a magnificent <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>[<a href="./images/39.png">39</a>]</span>specimen. The silvery moonlight,
+falling on its white and pink petals, threw into relief all the
+exquisite delicacy of their composition, and gave to them a glow which
+could only have been rivalled in Elysium. Indeed, the whole scene,
+enhanced by the glamour of the hour and the sweet scent of plants and
+flowers, was so reminiscent of fairyland that Van Hielen&mdash;enraptured
+beyond description&mdash;stood and gazed in open-mouthed ecstasy.</p>
+
+<p>Then his eyes fell on the children and he noiselessly slipped back under
+cover of a tree.</p>
+
+<p>Hand in hand the boy and girl advanced to the water's edge, and
+kneeling, commenced to recite some strange incantation, which Van Hielen
+tried in vain to interpret. Sometimes their voices reached a high,
+plaintive key; sometimes they sank to a low murmur, strangely musical,
+and strangely suggestive of the babbling of brook water over stones and
+pebbles. When they had finished their incantation, they got up, and
+running to some bushes, returned in a few seconds with their arms full
+of flowers, which they threw with great dexterity on to the leaves of
+the giant lily. With their faces still turned to the water they remained
+standing, side by side, whilst a silence&mdash;deep and impressive, and
+shared, so it appeared to Van Hielen, by all nature&mdash;fell upon them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>[<a href="./images/40.png">40</a>]</span>A cold current of air, rising apparently from the pool, blew across the
+opening, and sweeping past Van Hielen, set all the leaves in motion. It
+rustled on till its echoes gradually ceased, and all was still again. It
+now seemed to Van Hielen that the character of everything around
+underwent a subtle change; and the feeling that every object around him
+was indulging in a hearty laugh at his expense intensified with every
+breath he drew. For the first time Van Hielen was afraid. He could not
+define the cause of his fear&mdash;but that only made his fear the more
+acute. He was frightened of the wind and darkness, and of something more
+than the wind and darkness&mdash;something concealed in&mdash;something cloaked by
+the wind and darkness. Even the atmosphere had altered&mdash;it, too, was
+making game of him. It distorted his vision. The things he saw around
+him were no longer stationary&mdash;they moved. They twirled and twisted
+themselves into all sorts of grotesque and fanciful attitudes; grew
+large, then small; nearer and then more distant. The plot of ground in
+front of which the children knelt played all manner of pranks&mdash;pranks
+Van Hielen did not at all like. It moved round and round&mdash;faster and
+faster, until it eventually became a whirlpool; which suddenly reversed
+and assumed the appearance of a pyramid <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>[<a href="./images/41.png">41</a>]</span>revolving on its apex. Quicker
+and quicker it spun round&mdash;closer and closer it drew; until, without
+warning, it suddenly stopped and disappeared; whilst its place was taken
+by an oddly shaped bulge in the ground, which, swaying backward and
+forward, increased and increased in stature, till it attained the height
+of some seven or eight feet. Van Hielen could not compare this with
+anything he had ever seen. It was monstrous but shapeless&mdash;a mere mass
+of irregular lumps, a dull leadish white, and vibrating horribly in the
+moonlight. He thought of the children; but where they had stood he saw
+only two greenish-yellow spheres that, twirling round and round,
+suddenly approached him. As he started back to escape them, all was
+again changed. The lumpy figure had vanished, the atmosphere cleared,
+and everything was absolutely normal. There were now, however, solid
+grounds for fear. Advancing on him with flashing eyes and scintillating
+teeth were two vividly marked jaguars&mdash;a male and female. Van Hielen,
+usually calm and collected in the face of danger, on this occasion lost
+his presence of mind: his gun dropped from his hands, his knees
+quivered, and, helpless and inert, he reeled against the tree under
+which he had been standing. The jaguars&mdash;which seemed to be unusually
+savage even for jaguars&mdash;prepared <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>[<a href="./images/42.png">42</a>]</span>to spring, and Van Hielen, certain
+his hour had come, was about to close his eyes and resign himself to his
+fate, when the female brute, although the bigger and more formidable,
+hesitated&mdash;thrust its dark, handsomely spotted head almost in its
+victim's face, and then, lashing its companion sharply with its tail,
+swerved aside and was off like a dart.</p>
+
+<p>It took Van Hielen some minutes to realize his escape, and then, more in
+a dream than awake, he mechanically shouldered his rifle and slowly
+followed in the beasts' wake.</p>
+
+<p>An hour's walking brought him to the end of the forest. The dawn was
+breaking, and the track leading to the settlement was just beginning to
+exhibit the mellowing influence of the first rays of the sun. There was
+an exhilarating freshness in the air that made Van Hielen keenly
+sensitive to the ambitious demands of a newly awakened stomach. Opposite
+him was the hut of the old woman, the entrance somewhat clumsily blocked
+with a makeshift door. As Van Hielen looked at it curiously, wondering
+if the woman was in the habit of barricading it in this fashion on
+account of her proximity to the forest, sounds greeted him from within.</p>
+
+<p>Stepping lightly up to the hut, Van Hielen listened attentively. Some
+big animal&mdash;a hound most probably&mdash;was gnawing a bone&mdash;crunch, crunch,
+crunch!</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>[<a href="./images/43.png">43</a>]</span>Van Hielen moved away, but hadn't gone very far before an indefinable
+something made him turn back. That crunching, was it a dog or was
+it&mdash;&mdash;? His heart turned sick within him at the bare thought. Again he
+listened at the threshold, and again he heard the sounds&mdash;gnaw, gnaw,
+gnaw&mdash;crunch, crunch, crunch! He rapped at first gently, and then
+loudly, ever so loudly.</p>
+
+<p>The gnawing at once stopped, but no one answered him. Then he
+called&mdash;once, twice, thrice: there was no reply. Assured now there was
+something amiss, he gripped his rifle, and putting his shoulder to the
+door, burst it open. A flood of daylight rushed in, and he saw before
+him on the floor the mutilated and half-eaten remains of a woman,
+and&mdash;did his eyes deceive him or did he see?&mdash;crouching in a corner all
+ready to spring, two magnificent jaguars. Van Hielen raised his rifle,
+but&mdash;in less than a second&mdash;it fell from his grasp.</p>
+
+<p>Towards him, from the same spot&mdash;their small mouths and slender hands
+smeared with blood&mdash;ran Yarakna and her brother.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 90%;" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32:1_1" id="Footnote_32:1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32:1_1"><span class="label">[32:1]</span></a> A spirit that has never inhabited any material body.
+Elementals are a genus of a large order, and include innumerable
+species.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>[<a href="./images/44.png">44</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER III</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">I</span>T seems that there is a disposition in certain minds to associate
+lycanthropy with the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. A brief
+examination of the latter will, however, suffice to show there is very
+little analogy between the two.</p>
+
+<p>Transmigration of souls, a metempsychosis, deals solely with the passing
+of the soul after death into another mortal form. Lycanthropy confines
+itself to the metamorphosis of physical man to animal form only during
+man's physical lifetime.</p>
+
+<p>Metempsychosis is a change of condition dependent on the principle of
+evolution (<i>i.e.</i> evolution upward and retrogressive). Lycanthropy is a
+change of condition relative to a property, entirely independent of
+evolution. The one is wholly determined by man's spiritual state at the
+time of his physical dissolution; the other is simply a faculty of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a>[<a href="./images/45.png">45</a>]</span>sense, either handed down to man by his forefathers or acquired by man,
+during his lifetime, through the knowledge and practice of magic.</p>
+
+<p>There are absolutely no grounds, other than purely hypothetical ones,
+for supposing a werwolf to be a reincarnation; but on the other hand
+there is reason to believe that the wolf personality of the werwolf, at
+the latter's physical dissolution, remains earthbound in the form of a
+lupine phantasm. So that although there is nothing to associate
+lycanthropy with metempsychosis, there is, at all events, something in
+common between lycanthropy and animism. Animism, be it understood, holds
+that every living thing, whether man, beast, reptile, insect, or
+vegetable, has a representative spirit.</p>
+
+<p>As an example of a lupine phantasm representing the personality of the
+werwolf, I will quote a case, reported to me some years ago as having
+occurred in Estonia, on the shores of the Baltic. A gentleman and his
+sister, whom I will call Stanislaus and Anno D'Adhemar, were invited to
+spend a few weeks with their old friends, the Baron and Baroness Von
+A&mdash;&mdash;, at their country home in Estonia. On the day arranged, they set
+out for their friends' house, and alighting at a little station, within
+twenty miles of their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>[<a href="./images/46.png">46</a>]</span>destination, were met by the Baron's droshky. It
+was one of those exquisite evenings&mdash;a night light without moon, a day
+shady without clouds&mdash;peculiar to that clime. Indeed, it seemed as if
+the last glow of the evening and the first grey of the morning had
+melted together, and as if all the luminaries of the sky merely rested
+their beams without withdrawing them. To Stanislaus and Anno, jaded with
+the wear and tear of life in a big city, the calm and quiet of the
+country-side was most refreshing, and they heaved great sighs of
+contentment as they leaned far back amid the luxurious upholstery of the
+carriage, and drew in deep breaths of the smokeless, pure, scented air.
+Their surroundings modelled their thoughts. Instead of discussing
+monetary matters, which had so long been uppermost in their minds, they
+discoursed on the wonderful economy of happiness in a world full of toil
+and struggle; the fewer the joys, they argued, the higher the enjoyment,
+till the last and highest joy of all, true peace of mind, <i>i.e.</i>,
+content, was the one joy found to contain every other joy. Occasionally
+they paused to remark on the brilliant lustre of the stars, and, not
+infrequently, alluded to the Creator's graciousness in allowing them to
+behold such beauty. Occasionally, too, they would break off in the midst
+of their conversation to listen to the plaintive utterings of some night
+bird or <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>[<a href="./images/47.png">47</a>]</span>the shrill cry of a startled hare. The rate at which they were
+progressing&mdash;for the horses were young and fresh&mdash;speedily brought them
+to an end of the open country, and they found themselves suddenly
+immersed in the deepening gloom of a dense and extensive forest of
+pines. The track now was not quite so smooth; here and there were big
+ruts, and Stanislaus and his sister were subjected to such a vigorous
+bumping that they had to hold on to the sides of the droshky, and to one
+another. In the altered conditions of their travel, conversation was
+well-nigh impossible. The little they attempted was unceremoniously
+jerked out of them, and the nature of it&mdash;I am loath to admit&mdash;had
+somewhat deteriorated. It had, in fact, in accordance with their
+surroundings, undergone a considerable change.</p>
+
+<p>"What a vile road!" Stanislaus exclaimed, clutching the side of the
+droshky with both hands to save himself from being precipitated into
+space.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes&mdash;isn't&mdash;it?" gasped Anno, as she lunged forward, and in a vain
+attempt to regain her seat fell on their handbag, which gave an ominous
+squish. "I declare there&mdash;there&mdash;will be&mdash;nothing left of me&mdash;by the&mdash;by
+the time we get there. Oh dear! Whatever shall I do? Wherever have you
+got to, Stanislaus?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>[<a href="./images/48.png">48</a>]</span>The upper half of Stanislaus was nowhere to be seen! His lower half,
+however, was discovered by his sister convulsively pressed against the
+side of the droshky. In another moment this, too, would undoubtedly have
+disappeared, and the lower extremities would have gone in pursuit of the
+upper, had not Anno with admirable presence of mind effected a rescue.
+She tugged at her brother's coat-tails in the very nick of time, with
+the result that his whole body once again hove into view.</p>
+
+<p>Just then a bird sang its final song before retiring for the night, and
+Stanislaus, hot and trembling all over, shouted out: "What a hideous
+noise! I declare it quite frightened me"; whilst Anno shuddered and put
+her fingers in her ears. They once more abused the road; then the trees.
+"Great ugly things," they said; "they shut out all the light." And then
+they abused the driver for not looking out where he was going, and
+finally they began to abuse one another. Anno abused Stanislaus, because
+he had disarranged her hat and hair, and Stanislaus, Anno, because he
+couldn't hear all she said, and because what he did hear was silly. Then
+the Stygian darkness of the great pines grew; and the silence of wonder
+fell on the two quarrellers. On, on, on rolled the droshky, a monotonous
+rumble, rumble, that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>[<a href="./images/49.png">49</a>]</span>sounded very loud amid the intense hush that had
+suddenly fallen on the forest. Stanislaus and Anno grew drowsy; the cold
+night air, crowning their exertions of the day, induced sleep, and they
+were soon very much in the land of nods: Stanislaus with his head thrust
+back as far as it would go, and Anno with her head leaning slightly
+forward and her chin deeply rooted in the silvery recesses of her rich
+fur coat.</p>
+
+<p>The driver stopped for a moment. He had to attend to his lights, which,
+he reflected, were behaving in rather an odd manner. Then, scratching
+his head thoughtfully, he cracked his whip and drove hurriedly on. Once
+again, rumble, rumble, rumble; and no other sounds but far away echoes
+and the gentle cooing of a soft night breeze through the forked and
+ragged branches of the sad and stately pines. On, on, on, the light
+uncertain and the horses brisk. Suddenly the driver hears something&mdash;he
+strains his ears to catch the meaning of the sounds&mdash;a peculiar, quick
+patter, patter&mdash;coming from far away in the droshky's wake. There is
+something&mdash;he can't exactly tell what&mdash;in those sounds he doesn't like;
+they are human, and yet not human; they may proceed from some one
+running&mdash;some one tall and lithe, with an unusually long stride. They
+may&mdash;and he casts a shuddering look over his shoulder as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>[<a href="./images/50.png">50</a>]</span>the thought
+strikes him&mdash;they may be nothing human&mdash;they may be the patter of a
+wolf! A huge, gaunt, hungry wolf! an abnormally big wolf! a wolf with a
+gallop like that of a horse! The driver was new to these parts; he had
+but lately come from the Baron's establishment in St. Petersburg. He had
+never been in this wood after dark, and he had never seen a wolf save in
+the Zoological Gardens. The atmosphere now began to sharpen. From being
+merely cold it became positively icy, and muttering, "I never felt
+anything like this in St. Petersburg," the driver shrank into the depths
+of his furs, and tried to settle himself more comfortably in his seat.
+The horses, too, four in number, were strangers in Estonia, the Baron
+having only recently paid a heavy price for them in Nava on account of
+their beauty. Not that they were merely handsome; despite their small
+and graceful build, and the glossy sleekness of their coats, they were
+both strong and spirited, and could cover twenty-five versts without a
+pause. But now they, too, heard the sounds&mdash;there was no doubt of
+that&mdash;and felt the cold. At first they shivered, then whined, and then
+came to an abrupt halt; and then, without the slightest warning, tore
+the shifting tag and rag tight around them, and bounding forward, were
+off like the wind. Then, away in their rear, and plainly audible above
+the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>[<a href="./images/51.png">51</a>]</span>thunder of their hoofs, came a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry,
+which was almost instantly repeated, not once, but again and again.</p>
+
+<p>Stanislaus and Anno, who had been rudely awakened from their slumbers by
+the unusual behaviour of the horses, were now on the <i>qui vive</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"Good heavens! What's that?" they cried in chorus.</p>
+
+<p>"What's that, coachman?" shrieked Anno, digging the shivering driver in
+the back.</p>
+
+<p>"Volki, mistress, volki!" was the reply, and on flew the droshky faster,
+faster, faster!</p>
+
+<p>To Stanislaus and Anno the word "wolves" came as a stunning shock. All
+the tales they had ever heard of these ferocious beasts crowded their
+minds at once. Wolves! was it possible that those dreadful bogies of
+their childhood&mdash;those grim and awful creatures, grotesquely but none
+the less vividly portrayed in their imagination by horror-loving
+nurses&mdash;were actually close at hand! Supposing the brutes caught them,
+who would be eaten first? Anno, Stanislaus, or the driver? Would they
+devour them with their clothes on? If not, how would they get them off?
+Then, filled with morbid curiosity, they strained their ears and
+listened. Again&mdash;this time nearer, much nearer&mdash;came that cry, dismal,
+protracted, nerve-racking. Nor was that all, for they could now discern
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>[<a href="./images/52.png">52</a>]</span>the pat-pat, pat-pat of footsteps&mdash;long, soft, loping footsteps, as of
+huge furry paws or naked human feet. However, they could see
+nothing&mdash;nothing but blackness, intensified by the feeble flickering of
+the droshky's lanterns.</p>
+
+<p>"Faster! drive faster!" Anno shouted, turning round and poking the
+coachman in the ribs with her umbrella. "Do you want us all to be
+eaten?"</p>
+
+<p>"I can't mistress, I can't!" the man expostulated; "the horses are
+outstripping the wind as it is. They can't go quicker." And the driver,
+consigning Stanislaus and his sister to the innermost recesses of hell,
+prayed to the Virgin to save him.</p>
+
+<p>Nearer and nearer drew the steps, and again a cry&mdash;a cry close behind
+them, perhaps fifty yards&mdash;fifty yards at the most. And as they were
+trying to locate it there burst into view a gigantic figure&mdash;nude and
+luminous, a figure that glowed like a glow-worm and bent slightly
+forward as it ran. It covered the ground with long, easy, swinging
+strides, without any apparent effort. In general form its body was like
+that of a man, saving that the limbs were longer and covered with short
+hair, and the feet and hands, besides being larger as a whole, had
+longer toes and fingers. Its head was partly human, partly lupine&mdash;the
+skull, ears, teeth, and eyes were those of a wolf, whilst the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>[<a href="./images/53.png">53</a>]</span>remaining
+features were those of a man. Its complexion was devoid of colour,
+startlingly white; its eyes green and lurid, its expression hellish.</p>
+
+<p>Stanislaus and Anno did not know what to make of it. Was it some
+terrible monstrosity that had escaped from a show, or something that was
+peculiar to the forest itself, something generated by the giant trees
+and dark, silent road? In their sublime terror they shrieked aloud, beat
+the air with their hands to ward it off, and finally left their seats to
+cling on to the back of the driver's box.</p>
+
+<p>But it came nearer, nearer, and nearer, until they were almost within
+reach of its arms. They read death in the glinting greenness of its eyes
+and in the flashing of its long bared teeth. The climax of their agony,
+they argued, could no longer be postponed. The thing had only to make a
+grab at them and they would die of horror&mdash;die even before it touched
+them. But this was not to be.</p>
+
+<p>They were still staring into the pale malevolent face drawing nearer and
+nearer, and wondering when the long twitching fingers would catch them
+by the throats, when the droshky with a mad swirl forward cleared the
+forest, and they found themselves gazing wildly into empty moonlit
+space, with no sign of their pursuer anywhere.</p>
+
+<p>An hour later they narrated their adventure <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>[<a href="./images/54.png">54</a>]</span>to the Baron. Nothing could
+have exceeded his distress. "My dear friends!" he said, "I owe you a
+profound apology. I ought to have told my man to choose any other road
+rather than that through the forest, which is well known to be haunted.
+According to rumour, a werwolf&mdash;we have good reason to believe in
+werwolfs here&mdash;was killed there many years ago."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>[<a href="./images/55.png">55</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2>
+
+<h3>HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">A</span>S I have already stated, in some people lycanthropy is hereditary; and
+when it is not hereditary it may be acquired through the performance of
+certain of the rites ordained by Black Magic. For the present I can only
+deal with the more general features of these rites (which vary according
+to locality) and the conditions of mind essential to those who would
+successfully practise these rites. In the first place, it is necessary
+that the person desirous of acquiring the property of lycanthropy should
+be in earnest and a believer in those superphysical powers whose favour
+he is about to ask.</p>
+
+<p>Assuming we have such an individual he must, first of all, betake
+himself to a spot remote from the haunts of men. The powers to be
+petitioned are not to be found promiscuously&mdash;anywhere. They favour only
+such waste and solitary places as the deserts, woods, and mountain-tops.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>[<a href="./images/56.png">56</a>]</span>The locality chosen, our candidate must next select a night when the
+moon is new and strong.<a name="FNanchor_56:1_2" id="FNanchor_56:1_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_56:1_2" class="fnanchor">[56:1]</a> He must then choose a perfectly level
+piece of ground, and on it, at midnight, he must mark, either with chalk
+or string&mdash;it really does not matter which&mdash;a circle of not less than
+seven feet in radius, and within this, and from the same centre, another
+circle of three feet in radius. Then, in the centre of this inner circle
+he must kindle a fire, and over the fire place an iron tripod containing
+an iron vessel of water. As soon as the water begins to boil the
+would-be lycanthropist must throw into it handfuls of any three of the
+following substances: Asaf&oelig;tida, parsley, opium, hemlock, henbane,
+saffron, aloe, poppy-seed and solanum; repeating as he does so these
+words:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits from the deep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Who never sleep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits from the grave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Without a soul to save,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits of the trees<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">That grow upon the leas,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>[<a href="./images/57.png">57</a>]</span><span class="i0">"Spirits of the air,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Foul and black, not fair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Water spirits hateful,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">To ships and bathers fateful,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits of earthbound dead<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">That glide with noiseless tread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits of heat and fire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Destructive in your ire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Spirits of cold and ice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Patrons of crime and vice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Be kind to me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Wolves, vampires, satyrs, ghosts!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Elect of all the devilish hosts!<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">I pray you send hither,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Send hither, send hither,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The great grey shape that makes men shiver!<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Shiver, shiver, shiver!<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Come! Come! Come!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The supplicant then takes off his vest and shirt and smears his body
+with the fat of some newly killed animal (preferably a cat), mixed with
+aniseed, camphor, and opium. Then he binds round his loins a girdle made
+of wolf's-skin, and kneeling down within the circumference of the first
+circle, waits for the advent of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>[<a href="./images/58.png">58</a>]</span>the Unknown. When the fire burns blue
+and quickly dies out, the Unknown is about to manifest itself; if it
+does not then actually appear it will make its presence felt.</p>
+
+<p>There is little consistency in the various methods of the spirit's
+advent: sometimes a deep unnatural silence immediately precedes it;
+sometimes crashes and bangs, groanings and shriekings, herald its
+approach. When it remains invisible its presence is indicated and
+accompanied by a sensation of abnormal cold and the most acute terror.
+It is sometimes visible in the guise of a huntsman&mdash;which is, perhaps,
+its most popular shape&mdash;sometimes in the form of a monstrosity, partly
+man and partly beast&mdash;and sometimes it is seen ill defined and only
+partially materialized. To what order of spirits it belongs is, of
+course, purely a matter of conjecture. I believe it to be some
+malevolent, superphysical, creative power, such as, in my opinion,
+participated largely in the creation of this and other planets. I do not
+believe it to be the Devil, because I do not believe in the existence of
+only one devil, but in countless devils. It is difficult to say to what
+extent the Unknown is believed to be powerful by those who approach it
+for the purpose of acquiring the gift of lycanthropy; but I am inclined
+to think that the majority of these, at all events, do not ascribe to it
+any supreme power, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>[<a href="./images/59.png">59</a>]</span>regard it merely as a local spirit&mdash;the spirit
+of some particular wilderness or forest.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, it is quite possible that the property of werwolfery might be
+acquired by other than a direct personal communication with the Unknown,
+as, for example, by eating a wolf's brains, by drinking water out of a
+wolf's footprints, or by drinking out of a stream from which three or
+more wolves have been seen to drink; but as most of the stories I have
+heard of werwolfery acquired in this way are of a wild and improbable
+nature, I think there is little to be learned from the <i>modus operandi</i>
+they advocate. The following story, which I believe to be true in the
+main, was told me by a Dr. Broniervski, whom I met in Boulogne.</p>
+
+<p>"Ten years ago," my informant began, "I was engaged in a geological
+expedition in Montenegro. I left Cetinge in company with my escort,
+Dugald Dalghetty, a Dalmatian who had served me on many former
+occasions; but owing to an accident I was compelled to leave him behind
+at a village about thirty miles east of the capital. As it was
+absolutely necessary for me to have a guide, I chose a Montenegrin
+called Kniaz. Dalghetty warned me against him. 'Kniaz has the evil eye,'
+he said; 'he will bring misfortune on you. Choose some one else.'</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>[<a href="./images/60.png">60</a>]</span>"Kniaz was certainly not particularly prepossessing. He was tall and
+angular, and pock-marked and sandy-haired; and his eyes had a peculiar
+cast&mdash;only a cast, of course, nothing more. To balance these detractions
+he was civil in his manners and extremely moderate in his terms.
+Dalghetty, faithful fellow, almost wept as he watched us depart. 'I
+shall never see you again,' he said. 'Never!'</p>
+
+<p>"Just outside the last cottage in the village we passed a gigantic,
+broad-shouldered man, clad in the usual clothes of frieze, a black
+skullcap, wide trousers, and tights from the knee to the ankle. Over his
+shoulders was a new white strookah, of which he seemed very proud;
+whilst he had a perfect armament of weapons&mdash;rifles, pistols,
+yatagan&mdash;polished up to the knocker&mdash;and cartouche-box. He was
+conversing with a girl at one of the windows, but turned as we came up
+to him and leered impudently at Kniaz. The sallow in Kniaz's cheeks
+turned to white, and the cast in his eyes became ten times more
+pronounced. But he said nothing&mdash;only drooped his head and shuffled a
+little closer to me.</p>
+
+<p>"For the rest of the day he spoke little; and I could tell from his
+expression and general air of dejection that he was still brooding over
+the incident. The following morning&mdash;we stayed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>[<a href="./images/61.png">61</a>]</span>the night in a wayside
+inn&mdash;Kniaz informed me that the route we had intended taking to
+Skaravoski&mdash;the town I meant to make the head quarters for my daily
+excursions&mdash;was blocked (a blood feud had suddenly been declared between
+two tribes), and that consequently we should have to go by some other
+way. I inquired who had told him and whether he was sure the information
+was correct. He replied that our host had given him the warning, and
+that the possibility of such an occurrence had been suggested to him
+before leaving Cetinge. 'But,' he added, 'there is no need to worry, for
+the other road, though somewhat wild and rough, is, in reality, quite as
+safe, and certainly a good league and a half shorter.' As it made no
+very great difference to me which way I went, I acquiesced. There was no
+reason to suspect Kniaz of any sinister motive&mdash;cases of treachery on
+the part of escorts are practically unknown in Montenegro&mdash;and if it
+were true that some of the tribes were engaged in a vendetta, then I
+certainly agreed that we could not give them too wide a berth. At the
+same time I could not help observing a strange innovation in Kniaz's
+character. Besides the sullenness that had laid hold of him since his
+encounter with the man and girl, he now exhibited a restless
+eagerness&mdash;his eyes were never still, his lips constantly moved, and I
+could frequently <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>[<a href="./images/62.png">62</a>]</span>hear him muttering to himself as we trudged along. He
+asked me several times if I believed in the supernatural, and when I
+laughingly replied 'No, I am far too practical and level-headed,' he
+said 'Wait. We are now in the land of spirits. You will soon change your
+opinion.'</p>
+
+<p>"The country we were traversing was certainly forbidding&mdash;forbidding
+enough to be the hunting ground of legions of ferocious animals. But the
+supernatural! Bah! I flouted such an idea. All day we journeyed along a
+lofty ridge, from which, shortly before dusk, it became necessary to
+descend by a narrow and precipitous declivity, full of danger and
+difficulty. At the bottom we halted three or four hours, to wait for the
+moon, in a position sufficiently romantic and uncomfortable. A
+north-east wind, cold and biting, came whistling over the hills, and
+seemed to be sucked down into the hollow where we sat on the chilly
+stones. The moment we sighted the slightly depressed orb of the moon
+over the vast hill of rocks, and the Milky Way spanning the heavens with
+a brilliancy seen only in the East, we pushed on again. On, along a
+painfully rough and uneven track, flanked on either side by
+perpendicular masses of rock that reared themselves, black and frowning,
+like some huge ruined wall. On, till we eventually came to the end of
+the defile. Then an extraordinary scene burst upon us.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>[<a href="./images/63.png">63</a>]</span>"Whilst the irregular line of rocks continued close on our left, beyond
+it&mdash;glittering in the miraculously magnifying moonlight with more
+gigantic proportions than nature had afforded&mdash;was a huge pile of white
+rocks, looking like the fortifications of some vast fabulous city. There
+were yawning gateways flanked by bastions of great altitude; towers and
+pyramids; crescents and domes; and dizzy pinnacles; and castellated
+heights; all invested with the unearthly grandeur of the moon, yet
+showing in their wide breaches and indescribable ruin sure proofs that
+during a long course of ages they had been battered and undermined by
+rain, hurricane, and lightning, and all the mighty artillery of time.
+Piled on one another, and repeated over and over again, these strangely
+contorted rocks stretched as far as the eye could reach, sinking,
+however, as they receded, and leading the mind, though not the eye, down
+to the plain below, through which a turbid stream wound its way
+rebelliously, like some great twisting, twirling, silvery-scaled
+serpent.</p>
+
+<p>"It was into this gorge that Kniaz in a voice thrilling with excitement
+informed me we must plunge.</p>
+
+<p>"'It is called,' he explained to me, 'the haunted valley, and it is said
+to have been from time immemorial under the spell of the grey spirits&mdash;a
+species of phantasm, half man and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>[<a href="./images/64.png">64</a>]</span>half animal, that have the power of
+metamorphosing men into wild beasts.' Horses, he went on to inform me,
+showed the greatest reluctance to enter the valley, which was a sure
+proof that the place was in very truth phantom-ridden. I must say its
+appearance favoured that theory. The path by which we descended was
+almost perpendicular, and filled with shadows. Precipices hemmed us in
+on every side; and here and there a huge fragment of rock, standing like
+a petrified giant, its summit gleaming white in the moonbeams, barred
+our way.</p>
+
+<p>"On reaching the bottom we found ourselves exactly opposite the pile of
+white rocks, at the base of which roared the stream. Kniaz now declared
+that our best plan was to halt and bivouac here for the night. I
+expostulated, saying that I did not feel in the least degree tired, that
+the spot was far from comfortable, and that I preferred to push on.
+Kniaz then pleaded that he was too exhausted to proceed, and, in fact,
+whined to such an extent that in the end I gave way, and lying down
+under cover of a boulder, tried to imagine myself in bed. I did actually
+fall asleep, and awoke with the sensation of something crawling over my
+face. Sitting up, I looked around for Kniaz&mdash;he was nowhere to be seen.
+The oddness of his behaviour, his alternate <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a>[<a href="./images/65.png">65</a>]</span>talkativeness and
+sullenness, and the anxiety he had manifested to come by this route,
+made me at last suspicious. Had he any ulterior motive in leading me
+hither? What had become of him? Where was he? I got up and approached
+the margin of the stream, and then for the first time I felt frightened.
+The illimitable possibilities of that enormous mass of castellated rocks
+towering above me both quelled and fascinated me. Were these flickering
+shadows shadows, or&mdash;or had Kniaz, after all, spoken the truth when he
+said this valley was haunted? The moonlight rendered every object I
+looked upon so startlingly vivid, that not even the most trivial detail
+escaped my notice, and the more I scrutinized the more firmly the
+conviction grew on me that I was in a neighbourhood differing
+essentially from any spot I had hitherto visited. I saw nothing with
+which I had been formerly conversant. The few trees at hand resembled no
+growth of either the torrid, temperate, or northern frigid zones, and
+were altogether unlike those of the southern latitudes with which I was
+most familiar. The very rocks were novel in their mass, their colour,
+and their stratification; and the stream itself, utterly incredible as
+it may appear, had so little in common with the streams of other
+countries that I shrank away from it in alarm. I am at a loss to give
+any distinct idea of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a>[<a href="./images/66.png">66</a>]</span>nature of the water. I can only say it was not
+like ordinary water, either in appearance or behaviour. Even in the
+moonlight it was not colourless, nor was it of any one colour,
+presenting to the eye every variety of green and blue. Although it fell
+over stones and rocks with the same rapid descent as ordinary water, it
+made no sound, neither splash nor gurgle. Summoning up courage, I dipped
+my fingers in the stream; it was quite cold and limpid. The difference
+did not lie there. I was still puzzling over this phenomenon, still
+debating in my mind the possibility of the valley being haunted, when I
+heard a cry&mdash;a peculiarly ominous cry&mdash;human and yet animal. For a few
+seconds I was too overcome with fear to move. At last, however, having
+in some measure pulled myself together, I ventured cautiously in the
+direction of the noise, and after treading as lightly as I could over
+the rough and rocky soil for some couple of hundred yards, suddenly came
+to an abrupt standstill.</p>
+
+<p>"Kneeling beside the stream with its back turned to me was an
+extraordinary figure&mdash;a thing with a man's body and an animal's head&mdash;a
+dark, shaggy head with unmistakable prick ears. I gazed at it aghast.
+What was it? What was it doing? As I stared it bent down, lapped the
+water, and raising its head, uttered the same harrowing sound that had
+brought <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a>[<a href="./images/67.png">67</a>]</span>me thither. I then saw, with a fresh start of wonder, that its
+hands, which shone very white in the moonlight, were undergoing a
+gradual metamorphosis. I watched carefully, and first one finger, and
+then another, became amalgamated in a long, furry paw, armed with sharp,
+formidable talons.</p>
+
+<p>"I suppose that in my fear and astonishment I made some sound of
+sufficient magnitude to attract attention; anyhow, the creature at once
+swung round, and, with a snarl of rage, rushed savagely at me. Being
+unarmed, and also, I confess, unnerved, I completely lost my presence of
+mind, and not attempting to escape&mdash;though flight would have been
+futile, for I was nothing of a runner&mdash;shrieked aloud for help. The
+thing sprang at me, its jaws wide open, its eyes red with rage. I struck
+at it wildly, and have dim recollections of my puny blows landing on its
+face. It closed in on me, and gripping me tightly round the body with
+its sinewy arms, hurled me to the ground. My head came in violent
+contact with a stone, and I lost consciousness. On recovering my senses,
+I was immeasurably surprised to find Dalghetty sitting on a rock
+watching me, whilst close beside him was Kniaz, bloodstained and
+motionless.</p>
+
+<p>"Dalghetty explained the situation. 'Convinced that evil would befall
+you in the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a>[<a href="./images/68.png">68</a>]</span>company of such a man,' he said, pointing to the figure at
+his feet, 'I determined to set out in pursuit of you. By a miracle,
+which I attribute to Our Lady, the effects of my accident suddenly wore
+off, and I felt absolutely well. I borrowed a horse, and, starting from
+Cetinge at nine this morning, reached the inn where you passed last
+night at eleven. There I learned the route you had taken, and leaving
+the horse behind&mdash;on such a road I was safer on my legs&mdash;I pressed on.
+The ground, being moist in places, revealed your footprints, and I had
+no difficulty at all in tracing you to the bottom of the declivity.
+There I was at sea for some moments, since the rocky soil was too hard
+to receive any impressions. But hearing the howl of some wild animal, I
+concluded you were attacked, and, guided by the sound, I arrived here to
+find a werwolf actually preparing to devour you. A bullet from my rifle
+speedily rendered the creature harmless, and a close inspection of it
+proved that my surmises were only too correct. It was none other than
+our friend here with the evil eye&mdash;Kniaz!'</p>
+
+<p>"'Kniaz a werwolf!' I ejaculated.</p>
+
+<p>"'Yes! he inveigled you here because he had made up his mind to drink
+the water of the enchanted stream, and so become metamorphosed from a
+man to a wild beast. His <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a>[<a href="./images/69.png">69</a>]</span>object in doing so was to destroy a young
+farmer who had stolen his sweetheart, and for whom he, as a man, was no
+match. However, he is harmless now, but it is a warning to you in future
+to trust no one who has the evil eye.'"</p>
+
+<p>Belief in the evil eye is everywhere prevalent in the East, and it is
+undoubtedly true that people who have certain peculiarities in their
+eyes, both with regard to expression, colour, and formation, are people
+to be avoided. If malevolently inclined, they invariably bring ill-luck
+on all who become acquainted with them. I have followed the careers of
+several people in whom I have noticed this baneful feature, and their
+histories have been one long tale of sin or sorrow&mdash;often both.</p>
+
+<p>But though the evil eye denotes an evil superphysical influence, the
+werwolf is not necessarily possessed of it. Sometimes a werwolf may be
+told by the long, straight, slanting eyebrows, which meet in an angle
+over the nose; sometimes by the hands, the third finger of which is a
+trifle the longest; or by the finger-nails, which are red,
+almond-shaped, and curved; sometimes by the ears, which are set rather
+low, and far back on their heads; and sometimes by a noticeably long,
+swinging stride, which is strongly suggestive of some animal. Either one
+or other of these <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a>[<a href="./images/70.png">70</a>]</span>features is always present in hereditary werwolves,
+and is also frequently developed in those people who become werwolves,
+either at the same time as or soon after they acquire the property.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 90%;" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56:1_2" id="Footnote_56:1_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56:1_2"><span class="label">[56:1]</span></a> Psychic influences are demonstrated by the position of
+the planets. For instance, at a new moon, cusp of Seventh House, and
+cojoined with Saturn in opposition to Jupiter, sinister superphysical
+presences are much in evidence on the earth.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a>[<a href="./images/71.png">71</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER V</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">I</span>N the preceding chapter I touched on one or two modes of evoking the
+spirits that have it in their power to confer the property of
+lycanthropy; I now pass on to the question of exorcism in relation to
+werwolves.</p>
+
+<p>Is it possible to exorcize the evil power of metamorphosis possessed by
+the werwolf, or, as those would say who see in the werwolf, not the
+possession of a property, but a spirit, "to exorcize the evil spirit"?</p>
+
+<p>For my own part, and basing my opinion on my own experiences with other
+forms of the superphysical, with regard to the success of exorcism I am
+sceptical. I have been present when exorcism has been tried&mdash;tried on
+people supposed to be obsessed with demoniacal spirits, and tried on
+spontaneous psychic phenomena in haunted houses&mdash;and in both cases it
+has failed. Now, although, as I have said, I regard lycanthropy in the
+light of a property, and do <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a>[<a href="./images/72.png">72</a>]</span>not believe in the lycanthropist being
+possessed of a separate individual spirit, I am inclined to think, were
+exorcism efficacious at all, that it would take effect on werwolves,
+since the property of werwolfery is a gift which is, more or less,
+directly acquired from the malevolent spirits.</p>
+
+<p>But I am not only dubious as to the powers of exorcism generally, I am
+also dubious as to its effect on werwolves. I have come across a good
+many alleged cases of its having been successfully practised on
+werwolves, but in regard to these cases, the authority is not very
+reliable, nor the corroborative evidence strong.</p>
+
+<p>Nearly all the methods prescribed embrace the use of some potion; such,
+for example, as sulphur, asaf&oelig;tida, and castoreum, mixed with clear
+spring water; or hypericum, compounded with vinegar&mdash;which two potions
+seem to have been (and to be still) the most favoured recipes for
+removing the devilish power.</p>
+
+<p>The ceremony of exorcism proceeded as follows: The werwolf was sprinkled
+three times with one of the above solutions, and saluted with the sign
+of the cross, or addressed thrice by his baptismal name, each address
+being accompanied by a blow on the forehead with a knife; or he was
+sprinkled, whilst at the same time his girdle was removed; or in lieu of
+being sprinkled, he had three drops of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a>[<a href="./images/73.png">73</a>]</span>blood drawn from his chest, or
+was compelled to kneel in one spot for a great number of years.</p>
+
+<p>A full description of the practice and failure of exorcism was cited to
+me the other day in connexion with a comparatively recent happening in
+Asiatic Russia:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Tina Peroviskei, a wealthy young widow, who lived in St. Nicholas
+Street, Moscow&mdash;not a hundred yards from the house of Herr Schauman, the
+well-known German banker and horticulturist (every one in Russia has
+heard of the Schauman tulips)&mdash;met a gentleman named Ivan Baranoff at a
+friend's house, and, despite the warning of her brother, married him.</p>
+
+<p>Ivan Baranoff did not look more than thirty years of age. He was usually
+dressed in grey furs&mdash;a grey fur coat, grey fur leggings, and a grey fur
+cap. His features were very handsome&mdash;at least, so Tina thought&mdash;his
+hair was flaxen, glossy, and bright as a mirror; and his mouth, when
+open, displayed a most brilliant set of even, white teeth. Tina had
+three children by her first husband, and the fuss Ivan Baranoff made of
+them pleased her immensely. Their own father never evinced a greater
+anxiety for their welfare. Ivan brought them the most expensive toys and
+sweetmeats&mdash;particularly sweetmeats&mdash;and would insist on seeing for
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a>[<a href="./images/74.png">74</a>]</span>himself that they had plenty of rich, creamy milk, fresh eggs, and the
+best of butter.</p>
+
+<p>"You'll kill them with kindness," Tina often remonstrated. "They are too
+fat by half now."</p>
+
+<p>"They can't be too fat," Ivan would reply. "No one is too fat. I love to
+see rosy cheeks and stout limbs. Wait till you're in the country! Then
+you may talk about putting on flesh. The air there will fatten you even
+more than the food."</p>
+
+<p>"Then we shall burst, and there will be an end of us," Tina would
+laughingly say.</p>
+
+<p>But despite all this, despite the way in which he fondled and caressed
+them, the children involuntarily shrank away from Ivan; and on Tina
+angrily demanding the reason, they told her they could not help
+it&mdash;there was something in his bright eyes and touch that frightened
+them. When Tina's brothers and sisters heard of this, they upheld the
+children.</p>
+
+<p>"We are not in the least surprised," they said; "his eyes are cruel&mdash;so
+are his lips; and as for his eyebrows&mdash;those dark, straight eyebrows
+that meet in a point over the nose&mdash;why, every one knows what a bad sign
+that is!"</p>
+
+<p>But Tina grew so angry they had to desist. "You are jealous," she said
+to her brothers. "You envy him his looks and money." And to her sisters
+she said, "You only wish you could have had him yourselves. You know I
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a>[<a href="./images/75.png">75</a>]</span>love him already far more than I ever loved Rupert." (Rupert was her
+first husband.)</p>
+
+<p>And within a month or so of the marriage Tina left all her relatives in
+Moscow, and, accompanied by her children and dogs&mdash;some people hinted
+that Tina was fonder of her dogs than of her children&mdash;went with Ivan
+Baranoff to his ancestral home near Orsk.</p>
+
+<p>Though accustomed to the cold, Tina found the climate of Orsk almost
+more than she could bear. Her husband's house, which occupied an
+extremely solitary position on the confines of a gloomy forest, some few
+miles from the town, was a large, grey stone building full of dark
+winding passages and dungeon-like rooms. The furniture was scant, and
+the rooms, with the exception of those devoted to herself, her husband
+and the children, which were covered with crimson drugget, were
+carpetless. A more barren, inhospitable looking house could not be
+imagined, and the moment Tina entered it, her spirits sank to zero. The
+atmosphere of the place frightened her the most. It was not that it was
+merely forlorn and cheerless, but there was a something in it that
+reminded her of the smell of the animal houses in the Zoological Gardens
+in Moscow, and a something she could not analyse&mdash;a something which she
+concluded must be peculiar to the house. The children <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a>[<a href="./images/76.png">76</a>]</span>were very much
+upset. The sight of the dark entrance hall and wide, silent staircases,
+bathed in gloom, terrified them.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, mother!" they cried, clutching hold of Tina Baranoff and dragging
+her back, "we can never live here. Take us away at once. Look at those
+things. Whatever are they?" And they pointed to the shadows&mdash;queerly
+shaped shadows&mdash;that lay in thick clusters on the stairs and all around
+them.</p>
+
+<p>Tina did not know what to say. Her own apprehensions and the only too
+obvious terror of the dogs, whom she had literally to drive across the
+threshold, and who whined and cringed at her feet, confirming the
+children's fears, made it impossible for her to check them. Moreover,
+since leaving Moscow the warnings of her friends and relations had often
+come back to her. Though Ivan had never ceased to be kind, his conduct
+roused her suspicions. During the journey, which he had insisted should
+be performed in a droshky, he halted every evening directly the moon
+became invisible, and used to disappear regularly between dusk and
+sunrise. He would never tell her where he went or attempt to explain the
+oddness of his conduct, but when pressed by her would merely say:</p>
+
+<p>"It is a habit. I always like to roam abroad in the night-time&mdash;it would
+be very bad for my health if I did not."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a>[<a href="./images/77.png">77</a>]</span>And this was all Tina could get out of him. She noticed, too, what her
+blind infatuation had prevented her observing before, that there was a
+fierce expression in his eyes when he set out on these nocturnal
+rambles, and that on his return the corners of his mouth and his long
+finger-nails were always smeared with blood. Furthermore, she noticed
+that although he was concerned about the appetites of herself and the
+children, he ate very little cooked food himself&mdash;never vegetables or
+bread&mdash;and would often furtively put a raw piece of meat into his mouth
+when he thought no one was looking.</p>
+
+<p>Tina hoped that these irregularities would cease on their arrival at the
+ch&acirc;teau, but, on the contrary, they rather increased, and she became
+greatly perturbed.</p>
+
+<p>The second night after their arrival, when she had been in bed some time
+and was nearly asleep, Tina, between her half-closed eyelids, watched
+her husband get out of bed, stealthily open the window, and drop from
+the sill. Some hours later she was again aroused. She heard the growl of
+a wolf&mdash;and immediately afterwards saw Ivan's grey-clad head at the
+window. He came softly into the room, and as he tiptoed across the floor
+to the washstand, Tina saw splashes of blood on his face and coat,
+whilst it dripped freely from his finger-tips. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a>[<a href="./images/78.png">78</a>]</span>In the morning the news
+was brought her by the children that one of her favourite dogs was
+dead&mdash;eaten by some wild animal, presumably a wolf. Tina's position now
+became painful in the extreme. She was more than suspicious of her
+husband, and had no one&mdash;saving her children&mdash;in whom she could confide.
+The house seemed to be under a ban; no one, not even a postman or
+tradesman, ever came near it, and with the exception of the two
+servants, whose silent, gliding movements and light glittering eyes
+filled both her and her children with infinite dread, she did not see a
+soul.</p>
+
+<p>On four consecutive nights one of her four dogs was killed, each in
+precisely the same manner; and on each of these consecutive nights Tina
+watched Ivan surreptitiously leave the house and return all
+bloodstained, and accompanied by the distant howl of wolves. And on the
+day following the death of each dog respectively, Tina noticed the grey
+glinting eyes of the two servants become more and more earnestly fixed
+on the children and herself. At meal-times the eyes never left her; she
+was conscious of their scrutiny at every mouthful she took; and when she
+passed them in the passages, she instinctively felt their gaze following
+her steadily till she was out of sight. Sometimes, hearing a stealthy
+breathing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a>[<a href="./images/79.png">79</a>]</span>outside her room, she would quickly open the door, demanding
+who was there; and she invariably caught one or other of the servants
+slinking away disconcerted, but still peeping at her furtively from
+under his long pointed eyebrows. When she spoke to them they answered
+her in harsh, curiously discordant tones, and usually only in
+monosyllables; but she never heard them converse with one another save
+in whispers&mdash;always in whispers. The house was now full of shadows&mdash;and
+whispers. They haunted her even in her sleep. For the first two or three
+days her husband had been communicative; but he gradually grew more and
+more taciturn, until at last he rarely said anything at all. He merely
+watched her&mdash;watched her wherever she went, and whatever she did; and he
+watched the children&mdash;particularly the children&mdash;with the same
+expression, the same undefinable secretive expression that harmonized so
+well with the shadows and whispers. And it was this treatment&mdash;the
+treatment she now received from her husband&mdash;that made Tina appreciate
+the company of her children. Before, they had been quite a tertiary
+consideration&mdash;Ivan had come first; then the dogs; and lastly, Hilda,
+Olga, and Peter. But this order was at length reversed; and on the death
+of the last of her pets, Hilda, Olga and Peter stood first. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a>[<a href="./images/80.png">80</a>]</span>She spent
+practically every minute of the day with them; and, despite the
+protestations of her husband, converted her dressing-room into a bedroom
+for them. The first evening of their removal to their new quarters, Tina
+sat and played with them till one after another they fell asleep from
+sheer exhaustion. Then she sat beside them and examined them curiously.
+Hilda, the eldest, was lying composed and orderly, with pale cheek and
+smooth hair, her limbs straight, her head slightly bent, the bedclothes
+unruffled upon the regularly heaving chest. How pretty Hilda looked, and
+how odd it was that she, Tina, had never noticed the beauty of the child
+before! Why, with her fair complexion, delicate features, and perfectly
+shaped arms and hands she would undoubtedly one day take all Moscow by
+storm; and every one would say, "Do you know who that lovely girl is?
+She is the daughter of Tina&mdash;Tina Baranoff. [She shuddered at the name
+Baranoff.] No wonder she is beautiful!"</p>
+
+<p>Tina turned from Hilda to Olga. What a contrast, but not an unpleasant
+one&mdash;for Olga was pretty, too, though in a different style. What a
+sight!&mdash;defying all order and bursting all bounds, flushed, tumbled and
+awry&mdash;the round arms tossed up, the rosy face flung back, the bedclothes
+pushed off, the pillow flung out, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a>[<a href="./images/81.png">81</a>]</span>the nightcap one way, the hair
+another&mdash;all that was disorderly and lovely by night, all that was
+unruly and winning by day. Tina&mdash;dainty, elegant, perfumed, manicured
+Tina&mdash;bent over untidy little Olga and kissed her.</p>
+
+<p>Then she turned to Peter, and, unable to resist the temptation, tickled
+his toes and woke him. When she had at last sent him to sleep again, it
+was almost dinner-time; and she had barely got into her dress when one
+of the servants rapped at the door to say that the meal was ready. The
+house was very large, and Tina had to pass through two halls and down a
+long corridor before reaching the room where the dinner was served.
+Rather to her relief than otherwise, her husband did not put in an
+appearance, and a note from him informed her that he had unexpectedly
+been called away on business and would not be able to return till late
+the following day.</p>
+
+<p>Tina did not enjoy her dinner. The soup had rather a peculiar flavour,
+but she knew it was useless to make any comment. The servants either
+could not or would not understand, and Ivan invariably upheld them in
+everything they did. Unable to bear the man's eyes continually fixed on
+her, she told him not to wait, and hurried through the meal so as to get
+him out of the way, and be left for the rest of the evening in peace.
+The big <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a>[<a href="./images/82.png">82</a>]</span>wood fire appealed to Tina&mdash;it was the only thing in that part
+of the house that seemed to have any life&mdash;and she resolved to sit by
+it, and, perhaps, skim through a book. Tina seldom read&mdash;in Moscow, all
+her evenings were spent at cards. She remembered, however, that somebody
+had told her repeatedly, and emphatically, that she ought to read
+Tolstoy's "Resurrection," and she had actually brought it with her. Now
+she would wade through it. But whether it was the heat of the fire, or
+the lateness of the hour, or both, her senses grew more and more drowsy,
+and before she had begun to read, she fell asleep.</p>
+
+<p>She was, at length, partially awakened by a loud noise. At first her
+sleepy senses paid little attention and she dozed on. But again she was
+roused. A noise which grew louder and louder at last compelled her to
+shake off sleep, and starting up, she opened the door and looked into
+the passage. A few streaks of moonlight, streaming through an iron
+grating high up in the wall, enabled her to see a tall figure stealing
+softly along the corridor, with its back towards her. The thing was so
+extraordinary that for a moment or so she fancied she must still be
+dreaming; but the cold night air blowing freely in her face speedily
+assured her that what she saw was grim reality. The thing was a
+monstrosity, a hideous hybrid <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a>[<a href="./images/83.png">83</a>]</span>of man and beast, and as she gazed at it,
+too horror-stricken to move, a second and third form exactly similar to
+it crept out from among the shadows against the wall and joined it. And
+Tina, yielding to a sudden fascination, followed in their wake. In this
+fashion they crossed the hall and ascended the staircase, Tina keeping
+well behind them. She knew where they were aiming for, and any little
+doubt that she might have had was set at rest, when they turned into the
+passage leading to her bedroom. A moaning cry of fear from one of the
+children told her that they, too, knew by intuition of their coming
+danger. Tina was now in an agony of mind as to what to do for the best.
+That the intention of these hideous creatures&mdash;be they what they
+might&mdash;phantasms or things of flesh and blood&mdash;was sinister, she had not
+the slightest doubt; but how could she prevent them getting at her
+children? The most she could do would be to shout to Hilda and tell her
+to lock the two doors. But would that keep them out? She opened her
+mouth and jerked out "Hilda!" She tried again, but her throat had
+completely dried up, and she could not articulate another syllable. The
+sound, however, though faint, had been sufficient to attract the
+attention of the hindermost creature. It turned, and the light from the
+moon, coming through the half-open door of her bedroom, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a>[<a href="./images/84.png">84</a>]</span>shone on its
+glittering eyes and white teeth. It sprang towards her. With one
+convulsive bound Tina cleared the threshold of a room immediately behind
+her, dashed the door to&mdash;locked it&mdash;barred it&mdash;flung a chair against it;
+and stood in an agony, for which no words exist. She seemed to see, all
+in a moment, herself safe, and her children&mdash;not a door closed between
+them and those dreadful jaws! She then became stupefied with terror, and
+a strange, dinning sound, like the pulsation of her heart, filled her
+ears and shut out every sense.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a devil! a devil!" she repeated mechanically; and then, forcing
+herself out of the trance-like feeling that oppressed her, she combated
+with the cowardice that prevented her rushing out&mdash;if only to die in an
+attempt to save her children. She had not realized till then that it was
+possible to care for them more even&mdash;much more even&mdash;than she had cared
+for her dogs. She placed one hand on the lock, and looked round for some
+weapon of defence. There was not a thing she could use&mdash;not a stanchion
+to the window, not a rod to the bed. And even if there had been, how
+futile in her puny grip! She glanced at her tiny white fingers with
+their carefully trimmed and polished nails, and smiled&mdash;a grim smile of
+irony. Then she placed her ear against the panels of the door and
+listened&mdash;and from the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a>[<a href="./images/85.png">85</a>]</span>other side came the sound of heavy panting and
+the stealthy movement of hands. Suddenly a scream rang out, so clear and
+vibrating, so full of terror, that her heart stood still and her blood
+congealed. It was Hilda! Hilda shrieking "Mother!" There it was again,
+"Mother! Mother! Help! Help!" Then a series of savage snarls and growls
+and more shrieks&mdash;the combined shrieks of all three children. Shrieks
+and growls were then mingled together in one dreadful, hideous
+pandemonium, which all of a sudden ceased, and was succeeded by the loud
+crunching and cracking of bones. At last that, too, ceased, and Tina
+heard footsteps rapidly approaching her door. For a moment the room and
+everything in it swam round her. She felt choked; the dinning in her
+ears came again, it beat louder and louder and completely paralysed her.
+A crash on the door panel, however, abruptly restored her faculties, and
+the idea of escaping by the window for the first time entered her mind.
+If her husband could use the window as a means of exit, why couldn't
+she? Not a second was to be lost&mdash;the creatures outside were now
+striving their utmost to get in. It was the work of a moment to throw
+open the window, and almost before she knew she had opened it, she found
+herself standing on the ground beneath. The night <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a>[<a href="./images/86.png">86</a>]</span>had grown darker; she
+could not see the path; she knew that she was losing time, and yet that
+all depended on her haste; she felt fevered with impatience, yet torpid
+with terror. At length she disengaged herself from the broken, uneven
+soil on to which she had dropped, and struggled forward. On and on she
+went, not knowing where her next step would land her, and dreading every
+moment to hear the steps of her pursuers. The darkness of the night
+favoured her, and by dodging in and out the bushes and never keeping to
+the same track, although still keeping a forward course, she
+successfully eluded her enemies, whose hoarse cries gradually grew
+fainter and fainter. By good luck she reached the high road, which
+eventually brought her to Orsk; and there she sought shelter in a hotel.
+In the morning, on learning from the landlord that a friend of hers, a
+Colonel Majendie, was in the town, Tina sought him out, and into his
+sympathizing ears poured the story of her adventures.</p>
+
+<p>Now it so happened that a priest of the name of Rappaport, a friend of
+the Colonel's, came in before Tina had finished her story, and on being
+told what had happened, declared that Ivan Baranoff and his servants had
+long been suspected of being werwolves. He then begged that before
+anything was done to them he might be allowed to try his powers of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a>[<a href="./images/87.png">87</a>]</span>exorcism. The Colonel ridiculed the idea, but in the end was persuaded
+to postpone his visit to the ch&acirc;teau till the evening, and to go there
+with an escort, a quartette of his most trusted soldiers, and
+accompanied by his friend the Rev. Father Rappaport. Accordingly, at
+about nine o'clock the party set out, and, on arriving at the house,
+found it in total darkness and apparently deserted.</p>
+
+<p>But they had not waited long before a series of savage growls from the
+adjacent thicket put them on their guard, and almost immediately
+afterwards three werwolves stalked across the path and prepared to enter
+the house. At a word from the Colonel the soldiers leaped forward, and
+after a most desperate scuffle, in which they were all more or less
+badly mauled, succeeded in securing their quarry. In more civilized
+parts of the country the police would have been called in, but here,
+where that good old law, "Might is right," still held good, a man in the
+Colonel's position could do whatever he deemed most expedient, and
+Colonel Majendie had made up his mind that justice should no longer be
+delayed. The ch&acirc;teau had borne an ill reputation for generations. From
+time immemorial Ivan Baranoff's ancestors had been suspected of
+lycanthropy, and this last deed of the family was their crowning
+atrocity.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a>[<a href="./images/88.png">88</a>]</span>"You may exorcize the devils first," the Colonel grimly remarked to the
+priest, wiping the blood off his sleeves. "We will hang and quarter the
+brutes afterwards."</p>
+
+<p>To this the holy Father willingly agreed, for he did not care what
+happened so long as his exorcism was successful.</p>
+
+<p>The rites that were performed in connexion with this ceremony (and which
+I understand are those most commonly observed in exorcizing all manner
+of evil spirits) were as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>A circle of seven feet radius was drawn on the ground in white chalk. At
+the centre of the circle were inscribed, in yellow chalk, certain
+magical figures representing Mercury, and about them was drawn, in white
+chalk, a triangle within a circle of three feet radius&mdash;the centre of
+the circle being the same as that of the outer circle. Within this inner
+circle were then placed the three captive werwolves. It would be well to
+explain here that in exorcism, as well as in the evocation of spirits,
+great attention must be paid to the position of the stars, as astrology
+exercises the greatest influence on the spirit world. The present
+occasion, the reverend Father pointed out, was specially favourable for
+the casting out of devils, since from 8.32 p.m. to 9.16 p.m. was under
+the dominion of the great angel <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a>[<a href="./images/89.png">89</a>]</span>Mercury&mdash;the most bitter opponent of
+all evil spirits; that is to say, Mercury was in 17&deg; <ins class="symbol" title="Gemini">&#9802;</ins>. on the cusp of
+Seventh House, slightly to south of due west.</p>
+
+<div class="moonchart">
+<ins class="symbol" title="waxing crescent moon">&#9789;</ins> going to <ins class="symbol" title="Mars">&#9794;</ins> with <ins class="symbol" title="Mercury">&#9791;</ins> in 14&deg; <ins class="symbol" title="Gemini">&#9802;</ins>.<br />
+<ins class="symbol" title="Mercury">&#9791;</ins> to <ins class="symbol" title="Mars">&#9794;</ins> <ins class="symbol" title="Neptune">&#9798;</ins> <ins class="symbol" title="Mercury">&#9791;</ins> 130&deg; <ins class="symbol" title="Saturn">&#9796;</ins>
+</div>
+
+<p>Round the outer circle the reverend Father now proceeded to place, at
+equal intervals, hand-lamps, burning olive oil. He then erected a rude
+altar of wood, about a foot to the southeast of the circumference of the
+inner circle. Exactly opposite this altar, and about 1-1/2 feet to the
+far side of the circumference of the inner circle, he ordered the
+soldiers to build a fire, and to place over it a tripod and pot, the
+latter containing two pints of pure spring water.</p>
+
+<p>He then prepared a mixture consisting of these ingredients:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>2 drachms of sulphur.<br />
+1/2 oz. of castoreum.<br />
+6 drachms of opium.<br />
+3 drachms of asaf&oelig;tida.<br />
+1/2 oz. of hypericum.<br />
+3/4 oz. of ammonia.<br />
+1/2 oz. of camphor.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When this was thoroughly mixed he put it in the water in the pot, adding
+to it a portion of a mandrake root, a live snake, two live toads in
+linen bags, and a fungus. He then <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a>[<a href="./images/90.png">90</a>]</span>bound together, with red tape, a wand
+consisting of three sprigs taken, respectively, from an ash, birch, and
+white poplar.</p>
+
+<p>He next proceeded to pray, kneeling in front of the altar; and continued
+praying till the unearthly cries of the toads announced the fact that
+the water, in which they were immersed, was beginning to boil. Slowly
+getting up and crossing himself, he went to the fire, and dipping a cup
+in the pot, solemnly approached the werwolves, and slashing them
+severely across the head with his wand, dashed in their faces the
+seething liquid, calling out as he did so: "In the name of Our Blessed
+Lady I command thee to depart. Black, evil devils from hell, begone!
+Begone! Again I say, Begone!" He repeated this three times to the
+vociferous yells of the smarting werwolves, who struggled so frantically
+that they succeeded in bursting their bonds, and, leaping to their feet,
+endeavoured to escape into the bushes. The soldiers at once rose in
+pursuit and the priest was left alone. He had got rid of the flesh and
+blood, and he presumed he had got rid of the devils. But that remained
+to be proved.</p>
+
+<p>In the chase that ensued one of the werwolves was shot, and,
+simultaneously with death, metamorphosis into the complete form of a
+huge grey wolf took place. The other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a>[<a href="./images/91.png">91</a>]</span>two eluded their pursuers for some
+time, but were eventually tracked owing to the discovery of the
+half-eaten remains of an old woman and two children in a cave. True to
+their lupine natures,<a name="FNanchor_91:1_3" id="FNanchor_91:1_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_91:1_3" class="fnanchor">[91:1]</a> they showed no fight when cornered, and a
+couple of well-directed bullets put an end to their existence&mdash;the same
+metamorphosis occurring in their case as in the case of their companion.
+With the death of the three werwolves the ch&acirc;teau, one would naturally
+have thought, might have emerged from its ban. But no such thing. It
+speedily acquired a reputation for being haunted.</p>
+
+<p>And that it was haunted&mdash;haunted not only by werwolves but by all sorts
+of ghastly phantasms&mdash;I have no doubt.</p>
+
+<p>I was told, not long ago, that Tina, whose property it became, pulled it
+down, and that another house, replete with every modern luxury&mdash;but
+equally haunted<a name="FNanchor_91:2_4" id="FNanchor_91:2_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_91:2_4" class="fnanchor">[91:2]</a>&mdash;now marks the site of the old ch&acirc;teau.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 90%;" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91:1_3" id="Footnote_91:1_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91:1_3"><span class="label">[91:1]</span></a> The wolf and puma, alone among savage animals, give in
+directly they are brought to bay.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91:2_4" id="Footnote_91:2_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91:2_4"><span class="label">[91:2]</span></a> The hauntings in houses are often due to something
+connected with the ground on which the houses are built.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a>[<a href="./images/92.png">92</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VI</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">I</span>T is commonly known that there were once wolves in Great Britain and
+Scotland. Whilst history tells us of a king who tried to get rid of them
+by offering so much for every wolf's head that was brought to him, we
+read in romance how Llewellyn slew Gelert, the faithful hound that,
+having slain the wolf, saved his infant's life; and tradition has handed
+down to us many other stories of them. But the news that werwolves, too,
+once flourished in these climes will come as a surprise to many.</p>
+
+<p>Yet Halliwell, quoting from a Bodleian MS., says: "Ther ben somme that
+eten chyldren and men, and eteth noon other flesh fro that tyme that
+thei be a-charmed with mannys flesh for rather thei wolde be deed; and
+thei be cleped werewolfes for men shulde be war of them."</p>
+
+<p>Nor is this the only reference to them in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a>[<a href="./images/93.png">93</a>]</span>ancient chronicles, for
+Gervase of Tilbury, in his "Otia Imperiala," writes:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Vidimus enim frequenter in Anglia per lunationes homines in lupos
+mutari, quod hominum genus gerulphos Galli nominant, Angli vero
+were-wulf dicunt." And Richard Verstegan, in his "Restitution of Decayed
+Intelligence," 1605, says: "The were-wolves are certain sorcerers who
+having anointed their bodies with an ointment which they make by the
+instinct of the devil, and putting on a certain enchanted girdle, do not
+only unto the view of others seem as wolves, but to their own thinking
+have both the shape and nature of wolves, so long as they wear the said
+girdle; and they do dispose themselves as very wolves in worrying and
+killing, and eating most of human creatures."</p>
+
+<p>In my investigations of haunted houses and my psychical research work
+generally, I have come across much that I believe to be good evidence in
+support of the testimony of these writers. For instance, in localities
+once known to have been the favourite haunts of wolves, I have met
+people who have informed me they have seen phantasms, in shape half
+human and half beast, that might well be the earth-bound spirits of
+werwolves.</p>
+
+<p>A Miss St. Denis told me she was once staying on a farm, in
+Merionethshire, where <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a>[<a href="./images/94.png">94</a>]</span>she witnessed a phenomenon of this class. The
+farm, though some distance from the village, was not far off the railway
+station, a very diminutive affair, with only one platform and a mere box
+that served as a waiting-room and booking-office combined. It was,
+moreover, one of those stations where the separate duties of
+station-master, porter, booking-clerk, and ticket-collector are
+performed by one and the same person, and where the signal always
+appears to be down. As the platform commanded the only paintable view in
+the neighbourhood, Miss St. Denis often used to resort there with her
+sketch-book. On one occasion she had stayed rather later than usual, and
+on rising hurriedly from her camp-stool saw, to her surprise, a figure
+which she took to be that of a man, sitting on a truck a few yards
+distant, peering at her. I say to her surprise, because, excepting on
+the rare occasion of a train arriving, she had never seen anyone at the
+station besides the station-master, and in the evening the platform was
+invariably deserted. The loneliness of the place was for the first time
+brought forcibly home to her. The station-master's tiny house was at
+least some hundred yards away, and beyond that there was not another
+habitation nearer than the farm. On all sides of her, too, were black,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a>[<a href="./images/95.png">95</a>]</span>frowning precipices, full of seams and fissures and inequalities,
+showing vague and shadowy in the fading rays of the sun. Here and there
+were the huge, gaping mouths of gloomy slate quarries that had long been
+disused, and were now half full of foul water. Around them the earth was
+heaped with loose fragments of rock which had evidently been detached
+from the principal mass and shivered to pieces in the fall. A few trees,
+among which were the black walnut, the slippery elm, and here and there
+an oak, grew among the rocks, and attested by their dwarfish stature the
+ungrateful soil in which they had taken root. It was not an exhilarating
+scene, but it was one that had a peculiar fascination for Miss St.
+Denis&mdash;a fascination she could not explain, and which she now began to
+regret. The darkness had come on very rapidly, and was especially
+concentrated, so it seemed to her, round the spot where she sat, and she
+could make nothing out of the silent figure on the truck, save that it
+had unpleasantly bright eyes and there was something queer about it. She
+coughed to see if that would have any effect, and as it had none she
+coughed again. Then she spoke and said, "Can you tell me the time,
+please?" But there was no reply, and the figure still sat there staring
+at her. Then she grew <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a>[<a href="./images/96.png">96</a>]</span>uneasy and, packing up her things, walked out of
+the station, trying her best to look as if nothing had occurred. She
+glanced over her shoulder; the figure was following her. Quickening her
+pace, she assumed a jaunty air and whistled, and turning round again,
+saw the strange figure still coming after her. The road would soon be at
+its worst stage of loneliness, and, owing to the cliffs on either side
+of it, almost pitch dark. Indeed, the spot positively invited murder,
+and she might shriek herself hoarse without the remotest chance of
+making herself heard. To go on with this <i>outr&eacute;</i> figure so unmistakably
+and persistently stalking her, was out of the question. Screwing up
+courage, she swung round, and, raising herself to her full height,
+cried: "What do you want? How dare you?"&mdash;She got no further, for a
+sudden spurt of dying sunlight, playing over the figure, showed her it
+was nothing human, nothing she had ever conceived possible. It was a
+nude grey thing, not unlike a man in body, but with a wolf's head. As it
+sprang forward, its light eyes ablaze with ferocity, she instinctively
+felt in her pocket, whipped out a pocket flash-light, and pressed the
+button. The effect was magical; the creature shrank back, and putting
+two paw-like hands in front of its face to protect its eyes, faded into
+nothingness.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a>[<a href="./images/97.png">97</a>]</span>She subsequently made inquiries, but could learn nothing beyond the
+fact that, in one of the quarries close to the place where the phantasm
+had vanished, some curious bones, partly human and partly animal, had
+been unearthed, and that the locality was always shunned after dusk.
+Miss St. Denis thought as I did, that what she had seen might very well
+have been the earth-bound spirit of a werwolf.</p>
+
+<p>The case of another haunting of this nature was related to me last year.
+A young married couple of the name of Anderson, having acquired, through
+the death of a relative, a snug fortune, resolved to retire from
+business and spend the rest of their lives in indolence and ease. Being
+fond of the country, they bought some land in Cumberland, at the foot of
+some hills, far away from any town, and built on it a large two-storied
+villa.</p>
+
+<p>They soon, however, began to experience trouble with their servants, who
+left them on the pretext that the place was lonely, and that they could
+not put up with the noises that they heard at night. The Andersons
+ridiculed their servants, but when their children remarked on the same
+thing they viewed the matter more seriously. "What are the noises like?"
+they inquired. "Wild animals," Willie, the eldest child, replied. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a>[<a href="./images/98.png">98</a>]</span>"They
+come howling round the window at night and we hear their feet patter
+along the passage and stop at our door." Much mystified, Mr. and Mrs.
+Anderson decided to sit up with the children and listen. They did so,
+and between two and three in the morning were much startled by a noise
+that sounded like the growling of a wolf&mdash;Mr. Anderson had heard wolves
+in Canada&mdash;immediately beneath the window. Throwing open the window, he
+peered out; the moon was fully up and every stick and stone was plainly
+discernible; but there was now no sound and no sign of any animal. When
+he had closed the window the growling at once recommenced, yet when he
+looked again nothing was to be seen. After a while the growling ceased,
+and they heard the front door, which they had locked before coming
+upstairs, open, and the footsteps of some big, soft-footed animal ascend
+the stairs. Mr. Anderson waited till the steps were just outside the
+room and then flung open the door, but the light from his acetylene lamp
+revealed a passage full of moonbeams&mdash;nothing else.</p>
+
+<p>He and his wife were now thoroughly mystified. In the morning they
+explored the grounds, but could find no trace of footmarks, nothing to
+indicate the nature of their visitant. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a>[<a href="./images/99.png">99</a>]</span>It was now close on Christmas,
+and as the noises had not been heard for some time, it was hoped that
+the disturbances would not occur again. The Andersons, like all modern
+parents, made idols of their children. They never did wrong, nothing was
+too good for them, and everything they wanted they had. At Christmas,
+perhaps, their authority was more particularly in evidence; at any rate,
+it was then that the greatest care was taken that the menu should be in
+strict accordance with their instructions. "What shall Santa Claus bring
+you this time, my darlings?" Mr. Anderson asked, a week or so before the
+great day arrived; and Willie, aged six, at once cried out: "What a fool
+you are, daddy! It is all tosh about old Claus, there's no such person!"</p>
+
+<p>"Wait and see!" Mr. Anderson meekly replied. "You mark my words, he will
+come into your room on Christmas Eve laden with presents."</p>
+
+<p>"I don't believe it!" Willie retorted. "You told us that silly tale last
+year and I never saw any Claus!"</p>
+
+<p>"He came when you were asleep, dearie," Mrs. Anderson ventured to
+remark.</p>
+
+<p>"Well! I'll keep awake this time!" Willie shouted.</p>
+
+<p>"And we'll take the presents first and pinch <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a>[<a href="./images/100.png">100</a>]</span>old Claus afterwards,"
+Violet Evelyn, the second child, joined in.</p>
+
+<p>"And I'll prick his towsers wif pins!" Horace, aged three and a half,
+echoed. "I don't care nothink for old Santa Claus!" and he pulled a long
+nose in the manner his doting father had taught him.</p>
+
+<p>Christmas Eve came at last&mdash;a typical old-fashioned Christmas with heaps
+of snow on the ground and frost on the window-panes and trees. The
+Andersons' house was warm and comfortable&mdash;for once in a way the windows
+were shut&mdash;and enormous fires blazed merrily away in the grates. Whilst
+the children spent most of the day viewing the good things in the larder
+and speculating how much they could eat of each, and which would taste
+the nicest, Mr. Anderson rehearsed in full costume the r&ocirc;le of Santa
+Claus. He had an enormous sack full of presents&mdash;everything the children
+had demanded&mdash;and he meant to enter their room with it on his shoulder
+at about twelve o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>Tea-time came, and during the interval between that meal and supper all
+hands&mdash;even Horace's&mdash;were at work, decorating the hall and staircases
+with holly and mistletoe. After supper "Good King Wencelas," "No&euml;l," and
+one or two other carols were sung, and the children then decided to go
+to bed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a>[<a href="./images/101.png">101</a>]</span>It was then ten o'clock; and exactly two hours later their father,
+elaborately clad as Santa Claus, and staggering, in the orthodox
+fashion, beneath a load of presents, shuffled softly down the passage
+leading to their room. The snow had ceased falling, the moon was out,
+and the passage flooded with a soft, phosphorescent glow that threw into
+strong relief every minute object. Mr. Anderson had got half-way along
+it when on his ears there suddenly fell a faint sound of yelping! His
+whole frame thrilled and his mind reverted to the scenes of his
+youth&mdash;to the prairies in the far-off West, where, over and over again,
+he had heard these sounds, and his faithful Winchester repeater had
+stood him in good service. Again the yelping&mdash;this time nearer. Yes! it
+was undoubtedly a wolf; and yet there was an intonation in that yelping
+not altogether wolfish&mdash;something Mr. Anderson had never heard before,
+and which he was consequently at a loss to define. Again it rang
+out&mdash;much nearer this time&mdash;much more trying to the nerves, and the cold
+sweat of fear burst out all over him. Again&mdash;close under the wall of the
+house&mdash;a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry that ended in a whine so
+piercing that Mr. Anderson's knees shook. One of the children, Violet
+Evelyn he thought, stirred in her bed and muttered: "Santa Claus! <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a>[<a href="./images/102.png">102</a>]</span>Santa
+Claus!" and Mr. Anderson, with a desperate effort, staggered on under
+his load and opened their door. The clock in the hall beneath began to
+strike twelve. Santa Claus, striving hard to appear jolly and genial,
+entered the room, and a huge grey, shadowy figure entered with him. A
+slipper thrown by Willie whizzed through the air, and, narrowly missing
+Santa Claus, fell to the ground with a clatter. There was then a deathly
+silence, and Violet and Horace, raising their heads, saw two strange
+figures standing in the centre of the room staring at one another&mdash;the
+one figure they at once identified by the costume. He was Santa
+Claus&mdash;but not the genial, rosy-cheeked Santa Claus their father had
+depicted. On the contrary, it was a Santa Claus with a very white face
+and frightened eyes&mdash;a Santa Claus that shook as if the snow and ice had
+given him the ague. But the other figure&mdash;what was it? Something very
+tall, far taller than their father, nude and grey, something like a man
+with the head of a wolf&mdash;a wolf with white pointed teeth and horrid,
+light eyes. Then they understood why it was that Santa Claus trembled;
+and Willie stood by the side of his bed, white and silent. It is
+impossible to say how long this state of things would have lasted, or
+what would eventually have happened, had not Mrs. Anderson, anxious <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a>[<a href="./images/103.png">103</a>]</span>to
+see how Santa Claus was faring, and rather wondering why he was gone so
+long, resolved herself to visit the children's room. As the light from
+her candle appeared on the threshold of the room the thing with the
+wolf's head vanished.</p>
+
+<p>"Why, whatever were you all doing?" she began. Then Santa Claus and the
+children all spoke at once&mdash;whilst the sack of presents tumbled unheeded
+on the floor. Every available candle was soon lighted, and mother and
+father and Willie, Violet and Horace all spent the remainder of that
+night in close company. On the following day it was proposed, and
+carried unanimously, that the house should be put up for sale. This was
+done at the earliest opportunity, and fortunately for the Andersons
+suitable tenants were soon found. Before leaving, however, Mr. Anderson
+made another and more exhaustive search of the grounds, and discovered,
+in a cave in the hills immediately behind the house, a number of bones.
+Amongst them was the skull of a wolf, and lying close beside it a human
+skeleton, with only the skull missing. Mr. Anderson burnt the bones,
+hoping that by so doing he would rid the house of its unwelcome visitor;
+and, as his tenants so far have not complained, he believes that the
+hauntings have actually ceased.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a>[<a href="./images/104.png">104</a>]</span>A lady whom I met at Tavistock some years ago told me that she had seen
+a phantasm, which she believed to be that of a werwolf, in the Valley of
+the Doones, Exmoor. She was walking home alone, late one evening, when
+she saw on the path directly in front of her the tall grey figure of a
+man with a wolf's head. Advancing stealthily forward, this creature was
+preparing to spring on a large rabbit that was crouching on the ground,
+apparently too terror-stricken to move, when the abrupt appearance of a
+stag bursting through the bushes in a wild state of stampede caused it
+to vanish. Prior to this occurrence, my informant had never seen a
+ghost, nor had she, indeed, believed in them; but now, she assures me,
+she is quite convinced as to their existence, and is of the opinion that
+the sub-human phenomenon she had witnessed was the spirit of one of
+those werwolves referred to by Gervase of Tilbury and Richard
+Verstegan&mdash;werwolves who were still earthbound owing to their
+incorrigible ferocity.</p>
+
+<p>This opinion I can readily endorse, adding only that, considering the
+number of werwolves there must once have been in England, it is a matter
+of some surprise to me that phantasms are not more frequently seen.</p>
+
+<p>Here is another account of this type of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a>[<a href="./images/105.png">105</a>]</span>haunting narrated to me some
+summers ago by a Mr. Warren, who at the time he saw the phenomenon was
+staying in the Hebrides, which part of the British Isles is probably
+richer than any other in spooks of all sorts.</p>
+
+<p>"I was about fifteen years of age at the time," Mr. Warren said, "and
+had for several years been residing with my grandfather, who was an
+elder in the Kirk of Scotland. He was much interested in geology, and
+literally filled the house with fossils from the pits and caves round
+where we dwelt. One morning he came home in a great state of excitement,
+and made me go with him to look at some ancient remains he had found at
+the bottom of a dried-up tarn. 'Look!' he cried, bending down and
+pointing at them, 'here is a human skeleton with a wolf's head. What do
+you make of it?' I told him I did not know, but supposed it must be some
+kind of monstrosity. 'It's a werwolf!' he rejoined, 'that's what it is.
+A werwolf! This island was once overrun with satyrs and werwolves! Help
+me carry it to the house.' I did as he bid me, and we placed it on the
+table in the back kitchen. That evening I was left alone in the house,
+my grandfather and the other members of the household having gone to the
+kirk. For some time I amused myself reading, and then, fancying I heard
+a noise in the back premises, I <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a>[<a href="./images/106.png">106</a>]</span>went into the kitchen. There was no one
+about, and becoming convinced that it could only have been a rat that
+had disturbed me, I sat on the table alongside the alleged remains of
+the werwolf, and waited to see if the noises would recommence. I was
+thus waiting in a listless sort of way, my back bent, my elbows on my
+knees, looking at the floor and thinking of nothing in particular, when
+there came a loud rat, tat, tat of knuckles on the window-pane. I
+immediately turned in the direction of the noise and encountered, to my
+alarm, a dark face looking in at me. At first dim and indistinct, it
+became more and more complete, until it developed into a very perfectly
+defined head of a wolf terminating in the neck of a human being. Though
+greatly shocked, my first act was to look in every direction for a
+possible reflection&mdash;but in vain. There was no light either without or
+within, other than that from the setting sun&mdash;nothing that could in any
+way have produced an illusion. I looked at the face and marked each
+feature intently. It was unmistakably a wolf's face, the jaws slightly
+distended; the lips wreathed in a savage snarl; the teeth sharp and
+white; the eyes light green; the ears pointed. The expression of the
+face was diabolically malignant, and as it gazed straight at me my
+horror was as intense as my wonder. This it <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a>[<a href="./images/107.png">107</a>]</span>seemed to notice, for a
+look of savage exultation crept into its eyes, and it raised one hand&mdash;a
+slender hand, like that of a woman, though with prodigiously long and
+curved finger-nails&mdash;menacingly, as if about to dash in the window-pane.
+Remembering what my grandfather had told me about evil spirits, I
+crossed myself; but as this had no effect, and I really feared the thing
+would get at me, I ran out of the kitchen and shut and locked the door,
+remaining in the hall till the family returned. My grandfather was much
+upset when I told him what had happened, and attributed my failure to
+make the spirit depart to my want of faith. Had he been there, he
+assured me, he would soon have got rid of it; but he nevertheless made
+me help him remove the bones from the kitchen, and we reinterred them in
+the very spot where we had found them, and where, for aught I know to
+the contrary, they still lie."</p>
+
+<p>The peasant class in all parts of the British Isles are so sensitive to
+ridicule, and so suspicious of being "got at," that it is very difficult
+to extract any information from them with regard to the superphysical.
+At first they invariably deny their belief in spirits, and it is only by
+dint of the utmost persuasion unaccompanied by any air of
+patronage&mdash;which the Celtic peasant detests&mdash;that one is finally able to
+loosen their tongues as to uncanny <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a>[<a href="./images/108.png">108</a>]</span>occurrences, hauntings, and rumours
+of hauntings, in their neighbourhood. In eliciting information of this
+nature, I have, I think, by reason of my tactful manner, often succeeded
+where others have failed.</p>
+
+<p>In a village at the foot of Ben MacDhui a shepherd of the name of Colin
+Graeme informed me that he remembered hearing his grandfather, who died
+at the age of ninety, speak of an old man called Tam McPherson whom
+he&mdash;the grandfather&mdash;had known intimately as a boy. This old man, so
+Colin's grandfather said, had perfect recollections of a man in the
+village called Saunderson being suspected of being a werwolf. He used to
+describe Saunderson as "a mon with evil, leerie eyes, and eyebrows that
+met in a point over his nose"; and went on to say that Saunderson lived
+in a cave in the mountains where his forefathers, also suspected of
+being werwolves, had lived before him, and that when on
+his&mdash;Saunderson's&mdash;death this cave was visited by some of the villagers,
+a quantity of queer bones&mdash;some human and some belonging to wolves&mdash;were
+discovered lying in corners, partially covered with stones and loose
+earth.</p>
+
+<p>I have heard similar stories in Wales, and have been conducted to one or
+two spots, one near Iremadac and the other on the Epynt <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a>[<a href="./images/109.png">109</a>]</span>Hills, where,
+local tradition still has it, werwolves once flourished.</p>
+
+<p>According to legend St. Patrick turned Vereticus, a Welsh king, into a
+wolf, whilst the werwolf daughter of a Welsh prince was said to have
+destroyed her father's enemies during her nocturnal metamorphoses. In
+Ireland, too, are many legends of werwolves; and it is said of at least
+some half-dozen of the old families that at some period&mdash;as the result
+of a curse&mdash;each member of the clan was doomed to be a wolf for seven
+years.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a>[<a href="./images/110.png">110</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">I</span>N no country has the werwolf flourished as in France, where it is known
+as the <i>loup garou</i>; where it has existed in all parts, in every age,
+and where it is even yet to be found in the more remote districts. Hence
+one could fill a dozen volumes with the stories, many of them well
+authenticated, of French werwolves. As far back as the sixth century we
+hear of them infesting the woods and valleys of Brittany and Burgundy,
+the Landes, and the mountainous regions of the C&ocirc;te d'Or and the
+Cevennes.</p>
+
+<p>Occasionally a werwolf would break into a convent and make its meal off
+the defenceless nuns; occasionally it would select for its repast some
+nice fat abbot waddling unsuspectingly home to his monastery.</p>
+
+<p>Not all these werwolves were evilly disposed people; many, on the
+contrary, were exceedingly virtuous, and owed their metamorphosis <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a>[<a href="./images/111.png">111</a>]</span>to
+the vengeance of witch or wizard. When this was the case their piety
+sometimes prevailed to such an extent that not even metamorphosis into
+wolfish form could render it ineffective; and there are instances where
+werwolves of this type have not only refrained from taking human life,
+but have actually gone out of their way to protect it. Of such
+instances, well authenticated, probably none would be more remarkable
+than those I am about to narrate.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of the Abbot Gilbert, of the Arc Monastery, on the Banks of the
+Loire</p>
+
+<p>Gilbert had been to a village fair, where the good vintage and hot sun
+combined had proved so trying that on his way home, through a dense and
+lonely forest, he had gone to sleep and been thrown from his horse. In
+falling he had bruised and cut himself so prodigiously that the blood
+from his wounds attracted to the spot a number of big wild cats. Taken
+at a strong disadvantage, and without any weapons to defend himself,
+Gilbert would soon have fallen a victim to the ferocity of these savage
+creatures had it not been for the opportune arrival of a werwolf. A
+desperate battle at once ensued, in which the werwolf eventually gained
+the victory, though not without being severely lacerated.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a>[<a href="./images/112.png">112</a>]</span>Despite Gilbert's protestations, for he was loath to be seen in such
+strange company, the werwolf accompanied him back to the monastery,
+where, upon hearing the Abbot's story, it was enthusiastically welcomed
+and its wounds attended to. At dawn it was restored to its natural
+shape, and the monks, one and all, were startled out of their senses to
+find themselves in the presence of a stern and awesome dignitary of the
+Church, who immediately began to lecture the Abbot for his unseemly
+conduct the previous day, ordering him to undergo such penance as
+eventually, robbing him of half his size and all his self-importance,
+led to his resignation.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Roland Bertin</p>
+
+<p>Andr&eacute; Bonivon, the hero of the other incident, was eminently a man of
+war. He commanded a schooner called the "Bonaventure," which was engaged
+in harassing the Huguenot settlements along the shores of the Gulf of
+Lions, during the reign of Louis XIV. On one of his marauding
+expeditions Bonivon sailed up an estuary of the Rhone rather further
+than he had intended, and having no pilot on board, ran ashore in the
+darkness. A thunderstorm came on; a general panic ensued; and Bonivon
+soon found himself struggling in a whirlpool. Powerful swimmer though he
+was, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a>[<a href="./images/113.png">113</a>]</span>he would most certainly have been drowned had not some one come to
+his assistance, and, freeing him from the heavy clothes which weighed
+him down, dragged him on dry land. The moment Bonivon got on <i>terra
+firma</i>, sailor-like, he extended his hand to grip that of his rescuer,
+when, to his dismay and terror, instead of a hand he grasped a huge
+hairy paw.</p>
+
+<p>Convinced that he was in the presence of the Devil, who doubtless highly
+approved of the thousand and one atrocities he had perpetrated on the
+helpless Huguenots, he threw himself on his knees and implored the
+forgiveness of Heaven.</p>
+
+<p>His rescuer waited awhile in grim silence, and then, lifting him gently
+to his feet, led him some considerable distance inland till they arrived
+at a house on the outskirts of a small town.</p>
+
+<p>Here Bonivon's conductor halted, and, opening the door, signed to the
+captain to enter. All within was dark and silent, and the air was
+tainted with a sickly, pungent odour that filled Bonivon with the
+gravest apprehensions. Dragging him along, Bonivon's guide took him into
+a room, and leaving him there for some seconds, reappeared carrying a
+lantern. Bonivon now saw for the first time the face of his
+conductor&mdash;it was that of a werwolf. With a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a>[<a href="./images/114.png">114</a>]</span>shriek of terror Bonivon
+turned to run, but, catching his foot on a mat, fell sprawling on the
+floor.</p>
+
+<p>Here he remained sobbing and shaking with fear till he was once more
+taken by the werwolf and set gently on his feet.</p>
+
+<p>To Bonivon's surprise a tray full of eatables was standing on the table,
+and the werwolf, motioning to him to sit down, signed to him to eat.</p>
+
+<p>Being ravenously hungry, Bonivon "fell to," and, despite his fears&mdash;for
+being by nature alive to, and, by reason of his calling, forced to guard
+against the treachery of his fellow creatures, he more than half
+suspected some subtle design underlying this act of kindness&mdash;demolished
+every particle of food. The meal thus concluded, Bonivon's benefactor
+retired, locking the door after him.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had the sound of his steps in the stone hall ceased than
+Bonivon ran to the window, hoping thereby to make his escape. But the
+iron bars were too firmly fixed&mdash;no matter how hard he pulled, tugged
+and wrenched, they remained as immovable as ever. Then his heart began
+to palpitate, his hair to bristle up, and his knees to totter; his
+thoughts were full of speculations as to how he would be killed and what
+it would feel like to be eaten alive. His conscience, too, rising up <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a>[<a href="./images/115.png">115</a>]</span>in
+judgment against him, added its own paroxysms of dismay, paroxysms which
+were still further augmented by the finding of the dead body of a woman,
+nude and horribly mutilated, lying doubled up and partly concealed by a
+curtain. Such a discovery could not fail to fill his heart with
+unspeakable horror; for he concluded that he himself, unless saved by a
+miracle&mdash;a favour he could hardly hope for, considering his past
+conduct&mdash;would undergo the same fate before morning. At a loss to know
+what else to do, he sat upon the corner of the table, resting his chin
+on the palms of his hands, and engaged in anticipations of the most
+frightful nature.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after dawn he heard the sound of footsteps approaching the room;
+the door slowly began to open: a little wider and a little wider, and
+then, when Bonivon's heart was on the point of bursting, it suddenly
+swung open wide, and the cold, grey dawn falling on the threshold
+revealed not a werwolf, but&mdash;a human being: a man in the unmistakable
+garb of a Huguenot minister!</p>
+
+<p>The reaction was so great that Bonivon rolled off the table and went
+into paroxysms of ungovernable laughter.</p>
+
+<p>At length, when he had sobered down, the Huguenot, laying a hand on his
+shoulder, said: "Do you know now where you are? Do you <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a>[<a href="./images/116.png">116</a>]</span>recognize this
+room? No! Well, I will explain. You are in the house of Roland Bertin,
+and the body lying over yonder is that of my wife, whom your crew
+barbarously murdered yesterday when they sacked this village. They took
+me with them, and it was your intention to have me tortured and then
+drowned as soon as you got to sea. Do you know me now?"</p>
+
+<p>Bonivon nodded&mdash;he could not have spoken to save his life.</p>
+
+<p>"Bien!" the minister went on. "I am a werwolf&mdash;I was bewitched some
+years ago by the woman Gr&eacute;nier, M&egrave;re Gr&eacute;nier, who lives in the forest at
+the back of our village. As soon as it was dark I metamorphosed; then
+the ship ran ashore, and every one leaped overboard. I saw you drowning.
+I saved you."</p>
+
+<p>The captain again made a fruitless effort to speak, and the Huguenot
+continued:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Why did I save you?&mdash;you, who had been instrumental in murdering my
+wife and ruining my home! Why? I do not know! Had I preferred for you a
+less pleasant death than drowning, I could have taken you ashore and
+killed you. Yet&mdash;I did not, because it is not in my nature to destroy
+anything. I have never in my life killed an animal, nor, to my
+knowledge, an insect; I love all life&mdash;animal life and vegetable
+life&mdash;everything that breathes and grows. Yet I am a Huguenot!&mdash;one of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a>[<a href="./images/117.png">117</a>]</span>the race you hate and despise and are paid to exterminate. Assassin, I
+have spared you. Be not ungenerous. Spare others."</p>
+
+<p>The captain was moved. Still speechless, he seized the minister's hands
+and wrung them. And from that hour to the day of his death&mdash;which was
+not for many years afterwards&mdash;the Huguenots had no truer friend than
+Andr&eacute; Bonivon.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Werwolves and Witches</p>
+
+<p>Other instances of werwolves of a benignant nature are to be found in
+the "Bisclaveret" in Marie de France's poem, composed in 1200 <span class="smcap">a.d.</span>; and
+in the hero of "William and the Werwolf" (translated from the French
+about 1350).</p>
+
+<p>To inflict the evil property of werwolfery upon those against whom
+they&mdash;or some other&mdash;bore a grudge was, in the Middle Ages, a method of
+revenge frequently resorted to by witches; and countless knights and
+ladies were thus victimized. Nor were such practices confined to ancient
+times; for as late as the eighteenth century a case of this kind of
+witchcraft is reported to have happened in the vicinity of Blois.</p>
+
+<p>In a village some three miles from Blois, on the outskirts of a forest,
+dwelt an innkeeper called Antonio Cellini, who, as the name suggests,
+was of Italian origin. Antonio had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a>[<a href="./images/118.png">118</a>]</span>only one child, Beatrice, a very
+pretty girl, who at the time of this story was about nineteen years of
+age. As might be expected, Beatrice had many admirers; but none were so
+passionately attached to her as Herbert Poyer, a handsome youth, and one
+Henri Sangfeu, an extremely plain youth. Beatrice&mdash;and one can scarcely
+blame her for it&mdash;preferred Herbert, and with the whole-hearted approval
+of her father consented to marry him. Sangfeu was not unnaturally upset;
+but, in all probability, he would have eventually resigned himself to
+the inevitable, had it not been for a village wag, who in an idle moment
+wrote a poem and entitled it</p>
+
+<p class="center">"<i>Sansfeu the Ugly; or, Love Unrequited.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>The poem, which was illustrated with several clever caricatures of the
+unfortunate Henri and contained much caustic wit, took like wildfire in
+the village; and Henri, in consequence, had a very bad time. Eventually
+it was shown to Beatrice, and it was then that the climax was reached.
+Although Henri was present at the moment, unable to restrain herself,
+she went into peals of laughter at the drawings, saying over and over
+again: "How like him&mdash;how very like! His nose to a nicety! It is
+certainly correct to style him Sansfeu&mdash;for no one could call him
+Sansnez!"</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a>[<a href="./images/119.png">119</a>]</span>Her mirth was infectious; every one joined in; only Henri slunk away,
+crimson with rage and mortification. He hated Beatrice now as much as he
+had loved her before; and he thirsted only for revenge.</p>
+
+<p>Some distance from the village and in the heart of the forest lived an
+old woman known as M&egrave;re Maxim, who was said to be a witch, and,
+therefore, shunned by every one. All sorts of unsavoury stories were
+told of her, and she was held responsible for several outbreaks of
+epidemics&mdash;hitherto unknown in the neighbourhood&mdash;many accidents, and
+more than one death.</p>
+
+<p>The spot where she lived was carefully avoided. Those who ventured far
+in the forest after nightfall either never came back at all or returned
+half imbecile with terror, and afterwards poured out to their affrighted
+friends incoherent stories of the strange lights and terrible forms they
+had encountered, moving about amid the trees. Up to the present Henri
+had been just as scared by these tales as the rest of the villagers; but
+so intense was his longing for revenge that he at length resolved to
+visit M&egrave;re Maxim and solicit her assistance. Choosing a morning when the
+sun was shining brightly, he screwed up his courage, and after many bad
+scares finally succeeded in reaching her dwelling&mdash;or, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a>[<a href="./images/120.png">120</a>]</span>I might say, her
+shanty, for by a more appropriate term than the latter such a
+queer-looking untidy habitation could not be described. To his
+astonishment M&egrave;re Maxim was by no means so unprepossessing as he had
+imagined. On the contrary, she was more than passably good-looking, with
+black hair, rosy cheeks, and exceedingly white teeth. What he did not
+altogether like were her eyes&mdash;which, though large and well shaped, had
+in them an occasional glitter&mdash;and her hands, which, though remarkably
+white and slender, had very long and curved nails, that to his mind
+suggested all sorts of unpleasant ideas. She was becomingly dressed in
+brown&mdash;brown woolly garments, with a brown fur cap, brown stockings, and
+brown shoes ornamented with very bright silver buckles. Altogether she
+was decidedly chic; and if a little incongruous in her surroundings,
+such incongruity only made her the more alluring; and as far as Henri
+was concerned rather added to her charms.</p>
+
+<p>At all events, he needed no second invitation to seat himself by her
+side in the chimney-corner, and his heart thumped as it had never
+thumped before when she encouraged him to put his arm round her waist
+and kiss her. It was the first time a woman had ever suffered him to
+kiss her without violent protestations and avowals of disgust.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a>[<a href="./images/121.png">121</a>]</span>"You are not very handsome, it is true," M&egrave;re Maxim remarked, "but you
+are fat&mdash;and I like fat young men," and she pinched his cheeks playfully
+and patted his hands. "Are you sure no one knows you have come to see
+me?" she asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Certain!" Henri replied; "I haven't confided in a soul; I haven't even
+so much as dropped a hint that I intended seeing you."</p>
+
+<p>"That is good!" M&egrave;re Maxim said. "Tell no one, otherwise I shall not be
+able to help you. Also, on no account let the girl Beatrice think you
+bear her animosity. Be civil and friendly to her whenever you meet; then
+give her, as a wedding present, this belt and box of bonbons." So
+saying, she handed him a beautiful belt composed of the skin of some
+wild animal and fastened with a gold buckle, and a box of delicious pink
+and white sugarplums. "Do not give her these things till the marriage
+eve," she added, "and directly you have given them come and see
+me&mdash;always observing the greatest secrecy." She then kissed him, and he
+went away brimming over with passion for her, and longing feverishly for
+the hour to arrive when he could be with her again.</p>
+
+<p>All day and all night he thought of her&mdash;of her gay and sparkling
+beauty, of her kisses and caresses, and the delightful coolness of her
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a>[<a href="./images/122.png">122</a>]</span>thin and supple hands. His mad infatuation for her made him oblivious
+to the taunts and jeers of the villagers, who seldom saw him without
+making ribald allusion to the poem.</p>
+
+<p>"There goes Sansfeu! alias Monsieur Grosnez!" they called out. "Why
+don't you cut off your nose for a present to mademoiselle? She would
+then have no need to buy a kitchen poker. Ha! ha! ha!" But their coarse
+wit fell flat. Henri hardly heard it&mdash;all his thoughts, his burning
+love, his unquenchable passion, were centred in M&egrave;re Maxim: in spirit he
+was with her, alone with her, in the innermost recesses of the grim,
+silent forest.</p>
+
+<p>The marriage eve came; he handed Beatrice the presents, and ere she had
+time to thank him&mdash;for the magnificence of the belt rendered her
+momentarily speechless&mdash;he had flown from the house, and was hurrying as
+fast as his legs could carry him to his tryst. The shadows of night were
+already on the forest when he entered it; and the silence and solitude
+of the place, the indistinct images of the trees, and their dismal
+sighing, that seemed to foretell a storm, all combined to disturb his
+fancy and raise strange spectres in his imagination. The shrill hooting
+of an owl, as it rustled overhead, caused him an unprecedented shock,
+and the great rush of blood to his head made him <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a>[<a href="./images/123.png">123</a>]</span>stagger and clutch
+hold of the nearest object for support. He had barely recovered from
+this alarm when his eyes almost started out of their sockets with fright
+as he caught sight of a queer shape gliding silently from tree to tree;
+and shortly afterwards he was again terrified&mdash;this time by a pale face,
+whether of a human being or animal he could not say, peering down at him
+from the gnarled and fantastic branches of a gigantic oak. He was now so
+frightened that he ran, and queer&mdash;indefinably queer footsteps ran after
+him, and followed him persistently until he reached the shanty, when he
+heard them turn and leap lightly away.</p>
+
+<p>On this occasion, the occurrence of Henri's second visit, M&egrave;re Maxim was
+more captivating than ever. She was dressed with wonderful effect all in
+white. She wore sparkling jewels at her throat and waist, buckles of
+burnished gold on her shoes; her teeth flashed like polished ivory, and
+her nails like agates. Henri was enraptured. He fell on his knees before
+her, he caught her hands and covered them with kisses.</p>
+
+<p>"How nice you look to-day, my sweetheart," she said; "and how fat! It
+does my heart good to see you. Come in, and sit close to me, and tell me
+how you have fared."</p>
+
+<p>She led him in, and after locking and barring <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a>[<a href="./images/124.png">124</a>]</span>the door, conducted him
+to the chimney-corner. And there he lay in her arms. She fondled him;
+she pressed her lips on his, and gleefully felt his cheeks and arms. And
+after a time, when, intoxicated with the joy of it all, he lay still and
+quiet, wishing only to remain like that for eternity, she stooped down,
+and, fetching a knot of cord from under the seat, began laughingly to
+bind his hands and feet. And at each turn and twist of the rope she
+laughed the louder. And when she had finished binding his arms and legs
+she made him lie on his back, and lashed him so tightly to the seat
+that, had he possessed the strength of six men, he could not have freed
+himself.</p>
+
+<p>Then she sat beside him, and moving aside the clothes that covered his
+chest and throat, said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"By this time Beatrice&mdash;pretty Beatrice, vain and sensual Beatrice, the
+Beatrice you once loved and admired so much&mdash;will have worn the belt,
+will have eaten the sweets. She is now a werwolf. Every night at twelve
+o'clock she will creep out of bed and glide about the house and village
+in search of human prey, some bonny babe, or weak, defenceless woman,
+but always some one fat, tender, and juicy&mdash;some one like you." And
+bending low over him, she bared her teeth, and dug her cruel nails deep
+into his flesh. A flame from the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a>[<a href="./images/125.png">125</a>]</span>wood fire suddenly shot up. It
+flickered oddly on the figure of M&egrave;re Maxim&mdash;so oddly that Henri
+received a shock. He realized with an awful thrill that the face into
+which he peered was no longer that of a human being; it was&mdash;but he
+could no longer think&mdash;he could only gaze.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a>[<a href="./images/126.png">126</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">T</span>HROUGHOUT the Middle Ages, and even in the seventeenth century, trials
+for lycanthropy were of common occurrence in France. Among the most
+famous were those of the Grandillon family in the Jura, in 1598; that of
+the tailor of Ch&acirc;lons; of Roulet, in Angers; of Gilles Garnier, in D&ocirc;le,
+in 1573; and of Jean Garnier, at Bordeaux, in 1603. The last case was,
+perhaps, the most remarkable of all. Garnier, who was only fourteen
+years of age, was employed in looking after cattle. He was a handsome
+lad, with dark, flashing eyes and very white teeth. As soon as it was
+time for the metamorphosis to take place he used to go into some lonely
+spot, and then, in the guise of a wolf, return, and run to earth
+isolated women and children. One of his favourite haunts was a thicket
+close to a pool <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a>[<a href="./images/127.png">127</a>]</span>of water. Here he used to lie and watch for hours at a
+time. Once he surprised two girls bathing. One escaped, and fled home
+naked, but the other he flung on the ground, and having shaken her into
+submission, devoured a portion of her one day, and the rest of her the
+next. He confessed to having eaten over fifty children. Nor did he
+always confine himself to attacking the solitary few and defenceless;
+for on several occasions, when hard pressed by hunger, he assailed a
+whole crowd, and was once severely handled by a pack of young girls who
+successfully drove him off with sharply pointed stakes. Far from wishing
+to conceal his guilt, Jean Garnier was most eager to tell everything,
+and to a court thronged with eager, attentive people, he related in the
+most graphic manner possible his sanguinary experiences. One old woman,
+he said, whom he found alone in a cottage, showed extraordinary agility
+in trying to escape. She raced round tables, clambered over chairs,
+crawled under a bed, and finally hid in a cupboard and held the door so
+fast that he had to exert all his force to open it. "And then," he
+added, "in spite of all my trouble she proved to be as tough as
+leather&mdash;&mdash;" and he made a grimace that provoked much laughter.</p>
+
+<p>He complained bitterly of one child. "It <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a>[<a href="./images/128.png">128</a>]</span>made such a dreadful noise,"
+he said, "when I lifted it out of its crib, and when I got ready for my
+first bite it shrieked so loud it almost deafened me."</p>
+
+<p>The name Gr&eacute;nier, like that of Garnier, was closely associated with
+lycanthropy, and in Blois, where there were more instances of
+lycanthropy than in any other part of France, every one called Gr&eacute;nier
+or Garnier was set down as a werwolf.</p>
+
+<p>Amongst the Vaudois lycanthropy was also widely prevalent, and many of
+these werwolves were brought to trial and executed.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Sergeant Bertrand</p>
+
+<p>The case of Sergeant Bertrand, which is the last authenticated case of
+this kind, occurred in 1847, when, on the 10th of July, an investigation
+was held before a military council presided over by Colonel Manselon.
+For some months the cemeteries in and around Paris had been the scenes
+of frightful violations, the culprits (or culprit), in some
+extraordinary manner, eluding every attempt made to ensnare them. At one
+time the custodians of the cemeteries were suspected, then the local
+police, and for a brief space suspicion fell even on the relations of
+the dead. The first burial-place to be so mysteriously visited was the
+Cemetery of P&egrave;re Lachaise. Here, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a>[<a href="./images/129.png">129</a>]</span>at night, those in charge declared
+they saw a strange form, partly human and partly animal, glide about
+from tomb to tomb. Try how they would they could not catch it&mdash;it always
+vanished&mdash;vanished just like a phantom directly they came up to it; and
+the dogs when urged to seize it would only bark and howl, and show
+indications of the most abject terror.</p>
+
+<p>Always when morning broke the ravages of this unsavoury visitant were
+only too plainly visible&mdash;graves had been dug up, coffins burst open,
+and the contents nibbled, and gnawed, and scattered all over the ground.
+Expert medical opinion was sought, but with no fresh result. The
+doctors, too, were agreed that the mutilations of the dead were produced
+by the bites of what certainly seemed to be human teeth.</p>
+
+<p>The sensation caused by this announcement was without parallel; and one
+and all, old and young, rich and poor, were wanting to know whatever
+sort of being it could be that possessed so foul an appetite. The watch
+was doubled; all to no purpose. A young soldier was arrested, but on
+declaring he had merely entered the cemetery to meet a friend, and
+exhibiting no evidences of guilt, was let go.</p>
+
+<p>At length the violation ceased in P&egrave;re Lachaise and broke out elsewhere.
+A little girl, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a>[<a href="./images/130.png">130</a>]</span>greatly beloved by her relatives and friends, died, and
+a big concourse of people attended the funeral. On the following
+morning, to the intense indignation of every one, the grave was
+discovered dug up, the coffin forced open, and the body half eaten. In
+its wild fury at such an unheard-of atrocity the public called loudly
+for the culprit. The father of the dead girl was first of all arrested,
+but his innocence being quickly established, he was set free. Every
+means was then taken to guard against any recurrence, but in spite of
+all precautions the same thing happened again shortly afterwards; and
+happened repeatedly. The fact that the cemetery was surrounded by very
+high walls, and that iron gates, which were always kept shut, formed the
+only legitimate entrance, added to the mystery, and made it seem
+impossible that any creature of solid flesh and blood could be
+responsible for the outrages.</p>
+
+<p>Having observed that at one place, in particular, the wall, though
+nearly ten feet high, showed signs of having been frequently scaled, an
+old army officer set a trap there, consisting of a wire connected with
+an explosive, which was so arranged that no one could climb over the
+wall without treading on the wire and causing an explosion.</p>
+
+<p>A strong posse of detectives kept watch, and at midnight a loud report
+was heard. The <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a>[<a href="./images/131.png">131</a>]</span>detectives were not, however, as quick as their quarry.
+They saw a man, or what they took to be a man, and fired at him, but he
+was gone like a flash of lightning, scaling the wall with the agility of
+a monkey. Finding a trail of blood, however, and pieces of torn uniform
+accompanying the bloodstains, they concluded that the enemy was wounded,
+and that the marauder was, moreover, a soldier.</p>
+
+<p>Still, it is doubtful whether his identity would have been proved, had
+not one of the grave-diggers of the cemetery chanced to overhear some
+sappers of the 74th Regiment remark that on the preceding night one of
+their comrades&mdash;a sergeant&mdash;had been conveyed to the military hospital
+of Val de Gr&acirc;ce badly wounded. The matter was at once inquired into, and
+the wounded soldier, Sergeant Bertrand, was found to be the author of
+the long series of hideous violations. Bertrand freely confessed his
+guilt, declaring that he was driven to it against his own will by some
+external force he could not define, and which allowed him no peace. He
+had, he said, in one night exhumed and bitten as many as fifteen bodies.
+He employed no implements, but tore up the soil after the manner of a
+wild beast, paying no heed to the bruising and laceration of his hands
+so long as he could get at the dead. He could not describe what his
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a>[<a href="./images/132.png">132</a>]</span>sensations were like when he was thus occupied; he only knew that he
+was not himself but some ravenous, ferocious animal. He added, that
+after these nocturnal expeditions he invariably fell into a profound
+sleep, often before he could get home, and that always, during that
+sleep, he was conscious of undergoing peculiar metamorphosis. When
+interrogated, he informed the court of inquiry that, as a child, he
+preferred the company of all kinds of animals to that of his fellow
+creatures, and that in order to get in close touch with his four-footed
+friends he used to frequent the most solitary and out-of-the-way
+places&mdash;moors, woods, and deserts. He said that it was immediately after
+one of these excursions that he first experienced the sensation of
+undergoing some great change in his sleep, and that the following
+evening, when passing close to a cemetery where the grave-diggers were
+covering a body that had just been interred, yielding to a sudden
+impulse, he crept in and watched them. A sharp shower of rain
+interrupting their labours, they went away, leaving their task
+unfinished. "At the sight of the coffin," Bertrand said, "horrible
+desires seized me; my head throbbed, my heart palpitated, and had it not
+been for the timely arrival of friends I should have then and there
+yielded to my inclinations. From <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a>[<a href="./images/133.png">133</a>]</span>that time forth I was never
+free&mdash;these terrible cravings invariably came on directly after sunset."</p>
+
+<p>Medical men who examined Bertram unanimously gave it as their opinion
+that he was sane, and could only account for his extraordinary nocturnal
+actions by the supposition that he must be the victim of some strange
+monomania. His companions, with whom he was most popular, all testified
+to his amiability and lovable disposition. In the end he was sentenced
+to a year's imprisonment, and after his release was never again heard
+of. There can, I think, be little doubt, from what he himself said, that
+he was in reality a werwolf. His preference for the society of animals
+and love of isolated regions; his sudden fallings asleep and sensations
+of undergoing metamorphosis, though that metamorphosis was spiritual and
+metaphysical only, which is very often the case, all help to
+substantiate that belief.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Vampirism and Lycanthropy</p>
+
+<p>It has been asserted that Bertrand was a vampire; but there are
+absolutely no grounds for associating him with vampirism. A vampire is
+an Elemental that under certain conditions inhabits a dead body, whether
+human or otherwise; and, thus incarcerated, comes out of a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a>[<a href="./images/134.png">134</a>]</span>grave at
+night to suck the blood of a living person. It never touches the dead.</p>
+
+<p>A werwolf has already been defined. It has an existence entirely
+separate from the vampire. The werwolf feeds on both the living and
+dead, which it bites and mangles after the nature of all beasts of prey.</p>
+
+<p>Vampirism is infectious; every one who has been sucked by a vampire, on
+physical dissolution, becomes a vampire, and remains one until his
+corpse is destroyed in a certain prescribed manner. Lycanthropy is not
+infectious.</p>
+
+<p>There are many well-authenticated cases of vampirism in France and
+Germany. In a newspaper published in the reign of Louis XV there
+appeared an announcement to the effect that Arnold Paul, a native of
+Madveiga, being crushed to death by a wagon and buried, had since become
+a vampire, and that he had been previously bitten by one. The
+authorities being informed of the terror his visits were occasioning,
+and several people having died with all the symptoms of vampirism, his
+grave was opened; and although he had been dead forty days his body was
+like that of a very full-blooded, living man.</p>
+
+<p>Following the mode of exorcism traditionally observed on such occasions,
+a stake was driven into the corpse, whereupon it uttered a frightful
+cry&mdash;half human and half animal; after which <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a>[<a href="./images/135.png">135</a>]</span>its head was cut off, and
+trunk and head burned. Four other bodies which had died from the
+consequences of the bites, and which were found in the same perfectly
+healthy condition, were served in a similar manner; and it was hoped
+these vigorous measures would end the mischief. But no such thing; cases
+of deaths from the same cause&mdash;<i>i.e.</i>, loss of blood&mdash;still continued,
+and five years afterwards became so rife that the authorities were
+compelled to take the matter up for the second time. On this occasion
+the graves of many people, of all ages and both sexes, were opened, and
+the bodies of all those suspected of plaguing the living by their
+nocturnal visits were found in the vampire state&mdash;full almost to
+overflowing with blood, and free from every symptom of death. On their
+being served in the same manner as the corpse of Arnold Paul the
+epidemic of vampirism ceased, and no more cases of it have since been
+reported as occurring in that district. A rumour of these proceedings
+reaching the ears of Louis XV, he at once ordered his Minister at Vienna
+to report upon them. This was done. The documents forwarded to the King
+(and which are still in existence) give a detailed account of all the
+occurrences to which I have referred. They bear the date of June 7,
+1732, and are signed and witnessed by three surgeons and several other
+persons.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a>[<a href="./images/136.png">136</a>]</span>The facts, which are indubitable, point to no other satisfactory
+explanation saving that of vampirism&mdash;an explanation that finds ample
+corroboration in thousands of like cases reported, at one time or
+another, in every country in Eastern Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Ghoulism and Lycanthropy</p>
+
+<p>Sergeant Bertrand has also been declared a ghoul. Ghoulism bears a
+somewhat closer resemblance than vampirism to lycanthropy. A ghoul is an
+Elemental that visits any place where human or animal remains have been
+interred. It digs them up and bites them, showing a keen liking for
+brains, which it sucks in the same manner as a vampire sucks blood.</p>
+
+<p>Ghouls either remain in spirit form or steal the bodies of living
+beings&mdash;living beings only&mdash;either human or animal. They can only do
+this when the spirit of the living person, during sleep (either natural
+or induced hypnotically), is separated from the material body; or, in
+other words, when the spirit is projected. The ghoul then pounces on the
+physical body, and, often refusing to restore it to its rightful owner,
+the latter is compelled to roam about as a phantasm for just so long a
+time as the ghoul chooses to inhabit the body it has stolen.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a>[<a href="./images/137.png">137</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Constance Armande, Ghoul</p>
+
+<p><i>&Agrave; propos</i> of ghouls, the following incident was related to me as having
+occurred recently in Brittany. A young girl named Constance Armande, in
+a good station of life, much against the wishes of her family, took up
+spiritualism and constantly attended s&eacute;ances. At these s&eacute;ances she
+witnessed all sorts of phenomena&mdash;some in all probability produced by
+mere trickery on the part of the medium or a confederate, whilst others
+were, without doubt, the manifestations of <i>bona fide</i>
+spirits&mdash;earthbound phantasms of the lowest and most undesirable
+order&mdash;murderers, lunatics, Vice Elementals, and ghouls. It is most
+unwise to risk coming in contact with such spirits, for when they have
+once made your acquaintance they will attach themselves to you, and are
+got rid of only with the greatest difficulty. They were most unremitting
+in their persecution of Constance Armande; they followed her home, and
+were always rapping on the walls of her room and disturbing and annoying
+her. In short, she got no peace, either asleep or awake. In the night
+she would often wake up screaming, and in an agony of mind rush into her
+parents' room and implore their protection, declaring she had dreamed in
+the most vivid manner possible that frightful-looking creatures, too
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a>[<a href="./images/138.png">138</a>]</span>awful for her to describe, were trying to prevent her awaking in order
+to keep her with them always. She told a spiritualist, and he informed
+her that such dreams were not in reality dreams at all, but
+projections&mdash;that she had, at s&eacute;ances, acquired the power of projection;
+and, having no control over that power, she projected herself
+unconsciously, the projection almost always taking place in her sleep.</p>
+
+<p>A medical expert was also consulted, and in accordance with his advice
+Constance Armande went to the seaside and resorted to every kind of
+pleasure&mdash;balls, concerts, and theatres. But the annoyances still
+continued, and she was seldom permitted to rest a whole night without
+being disturbed in a most harrowing manner.</p>
+
+<p>Being a really beautiful girl, she had countless admirers, and
+eventually she became engaged to Alphonse Mabane, the only son of a very
+wealthy widow.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly before the day fixed for their marriage Madame Mabane was seized
+with a fit of apoplexy and died. Every one, especially Constance
+Armande, was overwhelmed with grief, whilst preparations were made for a
+most impressive funeral.</p>
+
+<p>On the afternoon of the day preceding that on which the funeral was to
+take place Constance, complaining of a bad headache, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a>[<a href="./images/139.png">139</a>]</span>went to lie down
+on her bed, and two hours later strange footsteps were heard coming out
+of her room and bounding down the stairs. Wondering who it could be,
+Madame Armande ran to look, and was astonished beyond measure to see
+Constance&mdash;but a Constance she hardly knew&mdash;a Constance with the glitter
+of a ferocious beast in her eyes, and a grim, savage expression in the
+corners of her mouth. She did not appear to notice her mother, but
+passed her by with a light, stealthy tread, utterly unlike her usual
+walk, crossed the hall, and went out at the front door. Madame Armande
+was too startled to try and intercept her, or even to make any remark,
+and returned to the drawing-room greatly agitated. As hour after hour
+passed and Constance did not come home, her alarm increased, and she
+mentioned the incident to her husband, who caused immediate inquiries to
+be made. Just about the hour the family usually retired to rest there
+came a violent ring at the front-door bell. It was Alphonse Mabane, pale
+and ghastly.</p>
+
+<p>"Have you found her?" Monsieur and Madame Armande cried, catching hold
+of him in their agitation, and dragging him into the hall.</p>
+
+<p>Alphonse nodded. "Let me sit down a moment first," he gasped. "It will
+give me <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a>[<a href="./images/140.png">140</a>]</span>time to collect my senses. My nerves are all to pieces!"</p>
+
+<p>He sank into a chair, and, burying his face in his hands, shook
+convulsively. Monsieur and Madame Armande stood and watched him in
+agonized silence. After some minutes&mdash;to the Armandes it seemed an
+eternity&mdash;spent in this fashion, Alphonse raised his head. "Your
+servant," he said, "came to my house at nine o'clock and asked if
+Mademoiselle Constance was with me. I said 'No,' that I had not seen her
+all day, and was much alarmed when I was informed that she had left home
+early in the afternoon and had not yet returned. I said I would join in
+the search for her, and was in my bedroom putting on my overcoat, when
+there came a tap at my door, and Jacques, my valet, with a face as white
+as a sheet, begged me to go with him upstairs. He led me to the door of
+my mother's room, where she lay in her coffin, not yet screwed down.
+'Hark!' he whispered, touching me on the sleeve, 'do you hear that?'</p>
+
+<p>"I listened, and from the interior of the room came a curious noise like
+munching&mdash;a steady gnaw, gnaw, gnaw. 'I heard it just now,' he
+whispered, 'when I was going to shut the landing window&mdash;and other
+sounds, too. Hush!'</p>
+
+<p>"I held my breath, and heard distinctly the swishing and rustling of a
+dress.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></a>[<a href="./images/141.png">141</a>]</span>"'Have you been in?' I asked.</p>
+
+<p>"He shook his head. 'I daren't,' he whispered. 'I wouldn't go in by
+myself if you were to offer me a million pounds,' and he trembled so
+violently that he had to lean against me for support.</p>
+
+<p>"A great terror then seized me, and bidding Jacques follow, I crept
+downstairs and summoned the rest of the servants. Armed with sticks and
+lights, we then went in a body to my mother's room, and throwing open
+the door, rushed in.</p>
+
+<p>"The lid of the coffin was off, the corpse was lying huddled up on the
+floor, and crouching over it was Constance. For God's sake don't ask me
+to describe more&mdash;the sounds we heard explained everything. When she saw
+us she emitted a series of savage snarls, sprang at one of the maids,
+scratched her in the face, and before we could stop her, flew downstairs
+and out into the street. As soon as our shocked senses had sufficiently
+recovered we started off in pursuit, but have not been able to find the
+slightest trace of her."</p>
+
+<p>At the conclusion of Monsieur Mabane's story the search was continued.
+The police were summoned, and a general hue and cry raised, with the
+result that Constance was eventually found in a cemetery digging
+frantically at a newly made grave.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a>[<a href="./images/142.png">142</a>]</span>At last brought to bay in the chase that ensued, fortunately for her
+and for all concerned, she plunged into a river, was swept away by the
+current, and drowned.</p>
+
+<p>This case of Constance Armande seems to me to be clearly a case of
+ghoulism. What the spiritualist had told her was correct&mdash;she had
+projected herself unconsciously, and the hideous things she imagined
+were phantoms in a dream were Elementals&mdash;ghouls&mdash;her projected spirit
+encountered on the superphysical plane.</p>
+
+<p>After sundry efforts to steal her body when she was thus separated from
+it, one of them had at length succeeded, and, incarcerated in her
+beautiful frame, had hastened to satisfy its craving for human carrion.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></a>[<a href="./images/143.png">143</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER IX</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES IN GERMANY</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">N</span>O country in the world is richer in stories of everything appertaining
+to the supernatural than Germany. The Rhine is the favourite river of
+nymphs and sirens, to whose irresistible and fatal fascinations so many
+men have fallen victims. Along its shores are countless haunted castles,
+in its woods innumerable terrifying phantoms.</p>
+
+<p>The werwolf, however, seems to have confined itself almost entirely to
+the Harz Mountains, where it was formerly most common and more dreaded
+than any other visitant from the Unknown. But of these werwolves many of
+the best authenticated cases have been told so often, that it is
+difficult for me to alight on any that is not already well known.
+Perhaps the following, though as striking as any, may be new to at least
+a few of my readers.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a>[<a href="./images/144.png">144</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Herr Hellen and the Werwolves of the Harz Mountains</p>
+
+<p>Two gentlemen, named respectively Hellen and Schiller, were on a walking
+tour in the Harz Mountains, in the early summer of the year 1840, when
+Schiller, slipping down, sprained his ankle and was unable to go on.
+They were some miles from any village, in the centre of an extensive
+forest, and it was beginning to get dark.</p>
+
+<p>"Leave me here," cried the injured man to his friend, "while you see if
+you can discover any habitation. I have been told these woods are full
+of charcoal-burners' and wood-cutters' huts, so that if you walk
+straight ahead for a mile or two, you are very likely to come across
+one. Do go, there's a good fellow, and if you are too tired to return
+yourself, send some one to carry me."</p>
+
+<p>Hellen did not like leaving his comrade in such a dreary spot, alone and
+helpless, but as Schiller was persistent he at length yielded, and
+stepping briskly out, advanced along the track that had brought them
+hither. Once or twice he halted, fancying he heard voices, and several
+times his heart pulsated wildly at what he took to be the cry of a
+wolf&mdash;for neither Schiller nor he had no weapons excepting
+sheath-knives. At last he came to an <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></a>[<a href="./images/145.png">145</a>]</span>open spot hedged in on all sides
+by gloomy pines, the shadows from which were beginning to fall thick and
+fast athwart the vivid greensward. It was one of those places&mdash;they are
+to be found in pretty nearly every country&mdash;studiously avoided by local
+woodsmen as the haunt of all manner of evil influences. Hellen
+recognized it as such the moment he saw it, but as it lay right across
+his path, and time was pressing, he had no alternative but to keep
+boldly on. He was half-way across the spot when he was startled by a
+groan, and looking in the direction of the sound, he saw a man seated on
+the ground endeavouring to bandage his hand. Wondering why he had not
+observed him before, but thankful to meet some one at last, Hellen went
+up to him and asked what was the matter.</p>
+
+<p>"I've broken my wrist," the man replied. "I was gathering sticks for my
+fire to-morrow when I heard the howl of a wolf, and in my anxiety to
+escape a conflict with the brute I climbed this tree. As I descended one
+of the branches gave way, and I fell down with all my weight on my right
+arm. Will you see if you can bind it for me? I'm a bit awkward with my
+left hand."</p>
+
+<p>"I will do my best," Hellen said, and kneeling beside the man, he took
+off the bandages and wrapped them round again. "There," he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a>[<a href="./images/146.png">146</a>]</span>exclaimed,
+"I think that is better&mdash;at least it is the best I can do."</p>
+
+<p>The stranger was now most profuse in his thanks, and when Hellen
+informed him of Schiller's condition, at once cried out, "You must both
+come to my cottage; it is only a short distance from here. Let us hasten
+thither now, and my daughter, who is very strong, shall go back with you
+and help you carry your friend. We are not rich, but we can make you
+both fairly comfortable, and all we have shall be at your disposal. But
+I wonder if you know what you have incurred by coming to this spot at
+this hour?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, no," Hellen said, laughing. "What?"</p>
+
+<p>"The gratification of two wishes&mdash;the first two wishes you make! Of
+course, you will say it is all humbug, but, believe me, very queer
+things do happen in this forest. I have experienced them myself."</p>
+
+<p>"Well!" Hellen replied, laughing more heartily than before, "if I wish
+anything at all it is that my wife were here to see how beautifully I
+have bandaged your wrist."</p>
+
+<p>"Where is your wife?" the stranger inquired.</p>
+
+<p>"At Frankfort, most likely taking a final peep at the children in bed
+before retiring to rest herself!" Hellen said, still laughing.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></a>[<a href="./images/147.png">147</a>]</span>"Then you have children!" the stranger ejaculated, evidently
+interested.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, three&mdash;all girls&mdash;and such bonny girls, too. Marcella, Christina,
+and Fredericka. I wish I had them here for you to see."</p>
+
+<p>"I should much like to see them, certainly," the stranger said. "And now
+you have told me so much of interest about yourself, let me tell you
+something of my own history in exchange. My name is Wilfred Gaverstein.
+I am an artist by profession, and have come to live here during the
+summer months in order to paint nature&mdash;nature as it really is&mdash;in all
+its varying moods. Nature is my only god&mdash;I adore it. I don't believe in
+souls. I love the trees and flowers and shrubs, the rivulets, the
+fountains, the birds and insects."</p>
+
+<p>"Everything but the wolves!" Hellen remarked jocularly. Hardly, however,
+had he spoken these words before he had reason to alter his tone. "Great
+heavens! do you hear that?" he cried. "There is no mistake about it this
+time. It is a wolf, or may I never live to hear one again."</p>
+
+<p>"You are right, friend," Wilfred said. "It is a wolf, and not very far
+away, either. Come, we must be quick," and thrusting his arm through
+that of Hellen, he hurried him along. After some minutes' fast walking
+they came in sight of a neatly thatched whitewashed cottage, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a>[<a href="./images/148.png">148</a>]</span>at the
+entrance to which two women and several children were collected. "That's
+my home," Wilfred said.</p>
+
+<p>"And that's my wife!" Hellen cried, rubbing his eyes to make sure he was
+not dreaming. "God in heaven, what's the meaning of it all? My wife and
+children&mdash;all three of them! Am I mad?"</p>
+
+<p>"It is merely the answer to your wishes," Wilfred rejoined calmly. "See,
+they recognize you and are waving."</p>
+
+<p>As one in a sleep Hellen now staggered forward, and was soon in the
+midst of his family, who, rushing up to him, implored him to explain
+what had happened, and how on earth they came to be there.</p>
+
+<p>"I am just as much at sea as you are," Hellen said, feeling them each in
+turn to make sure it was really they. "It's an insoluble mystery to me."</p>
+
+<p>"And to us, too," they all cried. "A few minutes ago we were in our beds
+in Frankfort, and then suddenly we found ourselves here&mdash;here in this
+dreadful looking forest. Oh, take us away, take us home, do!"</p>
+
+<p>Hellen was in despair. It was all like a hideous nightmare to him. What
+was he to do?</p>
+
+<p>"You must be my guests for to-night, at all events," Wilfred said; "and
+in the morning <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></a>[<a href="./images/149.png">149</a>]</span>we will discuss what is to be done. Fortunately we have
+enough room to accommodate you all. There is food in abundance. Let me
+introduce you to my daughter Marguerite," and the next moment Hellen
+found himself shaking hands with a girl of about twenty years of age.
+She was clad in what appeared to be a travelling dress, deeply bordered
+with white fur, and wore a most becoming cap of white ermine. Her feet
+were shod in long, pointed, and very elegant buckskin shoes, adorned
+with bright silver buckles. Her hair, which was yellow and glossy, was
+parted down the middle, and waved in a most becoming fashion low over
+the forehead and ears; and her features&mdash;at least so Hellen
+thought&mdash;were very beautiful. Her mouth, though a trifle large, had very
+daintily cut lips, and was furnished with unusually white and even
+teeth. But there was a peculiar furtive expression in her eyes, which
+were of a very pretty shape and colour, that aroused Hellen's curiosity,
+and made him scrutinize her carefully. Her hands were noticeably long
+and slender, with tapering fingers and long, almond-shaped, rosy nails,
+that glittered each time they caught the rays of the fast fading
+sunlight. Hellen's first impression of her was that she was marvellously
+beautiful, but that there was a something about her that he did not
+understand&mdash;a something he had never seen in anyone <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a>[<a href="./images/150.png">150</a>]</span>before, a something
+that in an ugly woman might have put him on his guard, but in this face
+of such surpassing beauty a something he seemed only too ready to
+ignore. Hellen was a good, and up to the present, certainly, a faithful
+husband, but he was only a man after all, and the more he looked at the
+girl the more he admired her.</p>
+
+<p>At a word from Wilfred, Marguerite smilingly led the way indoors, and
+showed the guests two bedrooms, small but exquisitely clean. There was a
+double bed in one, and two single ones in the other. The bed-linen was
+of the very finest material, and white as snow.</p>
+
+<p>"I think," Wilfred remarked, "two of the girls can squeeze in one
+bed&mdash;they are neither of them very big&mdash;though it does my heart good to
+see them so bonny."</p>
+
+<p>"And mine, too," Marguerite joined in, patting the three children on the
+cheeks in turn, and drawing them to her and caressing them.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Hellen, still dazed, and apparently hardly realizing what was
+happening, stammered out her thanks, and the party then descended to the
+kitchen to partake of a substantial supper that was speedily prepared
+for them.</p>
+
+<p>"Had you not better go and look for your friend now?" Wilfred observed,
+just as Hellen was about to seat himself beside his wife and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></a>[<a href="./images/151.png">151</a>]</span>children.
+"Marguerite will go with you, and on your return the three of you can
+have your meal in here after the children have gone to bed."</p>
+
+<p>Hellen readily assented, and kissing his wife and little ones, who
+tearfully implored him not to be gone long, set out, accompanied by
+Marguerite.</p>
+
+<p>At each step they took, Marguerite's beauty became more irresistible.
+The soft rays of the moon falling directly on her features enhanced
+their loveliness, and Hellen could not keep his eyes off her. The
+ominous cry of a night bird startled her; she edged timidly up to him;
+and he had to exert all his self-control, so eager was he to clasp her
+to him. In a strained, unnatural manner he kept up a flow of small-talk,
+eliciting the information that she was an art student, and that she had
+studied in Paris and Antwerp, had exhibited in Munich and Turin, and was
+contemplating visiting London the following spring. They talked on in
+this strain until Hellen, remembering their mission, exclaimed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"We must be very close to where I left Schiller. I will call to him."</p>
+
+<p>He did so&mdash;not once, but many times; and the reverberation of his voice
+rang out loud and clear in the silence of the vast, moon-kissed forest.
+But there was no response, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a>[<a href="./images/152.png">152</a>]</span>nothing but the rustling of branches and the
+shivering of leaves.</p>
+
+<p>"What's that?" Marguerite suddenly cried, clutching hold of Hellen's
+arm. "There! right in front of us, lying on the ground. There!" and she
+indicated the object with her gleaming finger-tip.</p>
+
+<p>"It looks remarkably like Schiller," Hellen said. "Can he be asleep?"</p>
+
+<p>Quickening their pace, they speedily arrived at the spot. It was
+Schiller, or rather what had once been Schiller, for there was now very
+little left of him but the face and hands and feet; the rest had only
+too obviously been eaten. The spectacle was so shocking that for some
+minutes Hellen was too overcome to speak.</p>
+
+<p>"It must have been wolves!" he said at length. "I fancied I heard them
+several times. Would to God I had never left him! What a death!"</p>
+
+<p>"Horrible!" Marguerite whispered, and she turned her head away to avoid
+so harrowing a sight.</p>
+
+<p>"Well," Hellen observed in a voice broken with emotion, "it's no use
+staying here. We can't be of any service to him now. I will gather the
+remains together in the morning, and with the assistance of your father
+see that they are decently interred. Come! let <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></a>[<a href="./images/153.png">153</a>]</span>us be going." And
+offering Marguerite his arm, they began to retrace their steps.</p>
+
+<p>For some time Hellen was too occupied with thoughts of his friend's
+cruel death to think of anything else, but the close proximity of
+Marguerite gradually made itself felt, and by the time they had reached
+the open clearing&mdash;the spot where he had encountered Wilfred&mdash;his
+passion completely overpowered him. Throwing discretion to the winds,
+and oblivious of wife, children, home, honour, everything save
+Marguerite&mdash;the lustre of her eyes and the dainty curving of her
+lips&mdash;he slipped his arm round her waist, and pressing her close to him,
+smothered her in kisses.</p>
+
+<p>"How dare you, sir!" she panted, slowly shaking herself free. "Aren't
+you ashamed of such behaviour? What would your wife say, if she knew?"</p>
+
+<p>"I couldn't help it," Hellen pleaded. "I'm not myself to-night. Your
+beauty has bewitched me, and I would risk anything to have you in my
+arms." He spoke so earnestly and looked at her so appealingly that she
+smiled.</p>
+
+<p>"I know I am beautiful," she said, and the intonation of her voice
+thrilled him to the very marrow of his bones. "Dozens of men have told
+me so. Consequently, since there <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a>[<a href="./images/154.png">154</a>]</span>seems to have been some excuse for
+you, I forgive you, only&mdash;&mdash;," but before she could say another word,
+Hellen had again seized her, and this time he did not loosen his hold
+till from sheer exhaustion he could kiss her no more.</p>
+
+<p>"It's no use!" he panted. "I can't help it. I love you as I never loved
+a woman before, and if you were to ask me to do so I would go to Hell
+with you this very minute."</p>
+
+<p>"It is dangerous to express such sentiments here," Marguerite said.
+"Don't you know this spot is full of supernatural influences, and that
+the first two things you wish for will be granted?"</p>
+
+<p>"I have already wished," Hellen said. "I wished when I was here with
+your father."</p>
+
+<p>"Then wish again," Marguerite replied; "I assure you your wishes will be
+fulfilled." And again she looked at him in a way that sent all the blood
+in his body surging wildly to his head, and roused his passion in hot
+and furious rebellion against his reason.</p>
+
+<p>"I wish, then," he cried, seizing hold of her hands and pressing them to
+his lips&mdash;"I wish every obstacle removed that prevents my having you
+always with me&mdash;that is wish number one."</p>
+
+<p>"And wish number two?" the girl <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155"></a>[<a href="./images/155.png">155</a>]</span>interrogated, her warm, scented breath
+fanning his cheeks and nostrils. "Won't you wish that you may be mine
+for ever? Always mine, mine to eternity!"</p>
+
+<p>"I will!" Hellen cried. "May I be yours always&mdash;yours to do what you
+like with&mdash;in this life and the next."</p>
+
+<p>"And now you shall have your reward," Marguerite exclaimed, clapping her
+hands gleefully. "I will kiss you of my own free will," and throwing her
+arms round his neck, she drew his head down to hers, and kissed him,
+kissed him not once but many times.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>An hour later they left the spot and slowly made their way to the
+cottage. As they neared it, loud screams for help rent the air, and
+Hellen, to his horror, heard his wife and children&mdash;he could recognize
+their individual voices&mdash;shrieking to him to save them.</p>
+
+<p>In an instant he was himself again. All his old affection for home and
+family was restored, and with a loud answering shout he started to rush
+to their assistance. But Marguerite willed otherwise. With a dexterous
+movement of her feet she got in his way and tripped him, and before he
+had time to realize what was happening, she had flung herself on the top
+of him and pinioned him down.</p>
+
+<p>"No!" she said playfully, "you shall not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a>[<a href="./images/156.png">156</a>]</span>go! You are mine, mine always,
+remember, and if I choose to keep you here with me, here you must
+remain."</p>
+
+<p>He strove to push her off, but he strove in vain; for the slender,
+rounded limbs he had admired so much possessed sinews of steel, and he
+was speedily reduced to a state of utter impotence.</p>
+
+<p>The shrieks from the cottage were gradually lapsing into groans and
+gurgles, all horribly suggestive of what was taking place, but it was
+not until every sound had ceased that Marguerite permitted Hellen to
+rise.</p>
+
+<p>"You may go now," she said with a mischievous smile, kissing him gaily
+on the forehead and giving his cheeks a gentle slap. "Go&mdash;and see what a
+lucky man you are, and how speedily your first wish has been gratified."</p>
+
+<p>Sick with apprehension, Hellen flew to the cottage. His worst
+forebodings were realized. Stretched on the floor of their respective
+rooms, with big, gaping wounds in their chests and throats, lay his wife
+and children; whilst cross-legged, on a chest in the kitchen, his dark
+saturnine face suffused with glee, squatted Wilfred.</p>
+
+<p>"Fiend!" shouted Hellen. "I understand it all now. I have been dealing
+with the Spirits of the Harz Mountains. But be you <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157"></a>[<a href="./images/157.png">157</a>]</span>the Devil himself
+you shan't escape me," and snatching an axe from the wall, he aimed a
+terrific blow at Wilfred's head.</p>
+
+<p>The weapon passed right through the form of Wilfred, and Hellen, losing
+his balance, fell heavily to the ground. At this moment Marguerite
+entered.</p>
+
+<p>"Fool!" she cried; "fool, to think any weapon can harm either Wilfred or
+me. We are phantasms&mdash;phantasms beyond the power of either Heaven or
+Hell. Come here!"</p>
+
+<p>Impelled by a force he could not resist, Hellen obeyed&mdash;and as he gazed
+into her eyes all his blind infatuation for her came back.</p>
+
+<p>"We must part now," she said; "but only for a while&mdash;for remember, you
+belong to me. Here is a token"&mdash;and she thrust into his hand a wisp of
+her long, golden hair. "Sleep on it and dream of me. Do not look so sad.
+I shall come for you without fail, and by this sign you shall know when
+I am coming. When this mark begins to heal," she said, as, with the nail
+on the forefinger of the right hand, she scratched his forehead, "get
+ready!"</p>
+
+<p>There was then a loud crash&mdash;the room and everything in it swam before
+Hellen's eyes, the floor rose and fell, and sinking backwards he
+remembered no more.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a>[<a href="./images/158.png">158</a>]</span>When he recovered he was lying in the centre of the haunted plot. There
+was nothing to be seen around him except the trees&mdash;dark lofty pines
+that, swaying to and fro in the chill night breeze, shook their sombre
+heads at him. A great sigh of relief broke from him&mdash;his experiences of
+course had only been a dream. He was trying to collect his thoughts,
+when he discovered that he was holding something tightly clasped in one
+of his hands. Unable to think what it could be, he rose, and held it in
+the full light of the moon. He then saw that it was a tuft of white
+fur&mdash;the fur of some animal. Much puzzled, he put it in his pocket, and
+suddenly recollecting his friend, set out for the place where he had
+left him. "I shall soon know," he said to himself, "whether I have been
+asleep all this time&mdash;God grant it may be so!" His heart beat fearfully
+as he pressed forward, and he shouted out "Schiller" several times. But
+there was no reply, and presently he came upon the remains, just as he
+had seen them when accompanied by Marguerite. Convinced now that all
+that had taken place was grim reality, he went back along the route
+Schiller and he had taken the preceding day, and in due time reached the
+village. To the landlord of the inn where they had stayed he related
+what had happened. "I am truly sorry for you," <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159"></a>[<a href="./images/159.png">159</a>]</span>the landlord said; "your
+experience has indeed been a terrible one. Every one here knows the
+forest is haunted in that particular spot, and we all give it as wide a
+berth as possible. But you have been most unfortunate, for Wilfred and
+Marguerite, who are werwolves, only visit these parts periodically. I
+last heard of them being seen when I was about ten years of age, and
+they then ate a pedlar called Schwann and his wife."</p>
+
+<p>As soon as Schiller's remains had been brought to the village and
+interred in the cemetery, Hellen, armed to the teeth and accompanied by
+several of the biggest and strongest hounds he could hire&mdash;for he could
+get none of the villagers to go with him&mdash;spent a whole day searching
+for Wilfred's cottage. But although he was convinced he had found the
+exact spot where it had stood, there were now no traces of it to be
+seen.</p>
+
+<p>At length he returned to the village, and on the following morning set
+out for Frankfort. On his arrival home he was immediately apprised of
+the fact that a terrible tragedy had occurred in his house. His wife and
+children had been found dead in their beds, with their throats cut and
+dreadful wounds in their chests, and the police had not been able to
+find the slightest clue to the murderers. With a terrible sinking at the
+heart Hellen <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a>[<a href="./images/160.png">160</a>]</span>asked for particulars, and learned, as he knew only too
+well he would learn, that the date of the tragedy was identical with
+that of his adventure in the forest.</p>
+
+<p>He tried hard to persuade himself that the coincidence was a mere
+coincidence; but&mdash;he knew better. Besides, there was the scratch!&mdash;the
+scratch on his forehead.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, the scratch remained. It remained fresh and raw till a few
+days prior to his death, when it began to heal. And on the day he died
+it had completely healed.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161"></a>[<a href="./images/161.png">161</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER X</h2>
+
+<h3>A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE CASE OF THE
+COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">A</span>NOTHER case of lycanthropy in Germany, connected with the Harz
+Mountains, occurred somewhere about the beginning of the last century.</p>
+
+<p>Count Von Breber, chief of the police of Magdeburg, whilst away from
+home on a holiday with his young and beautiful wife, the Countess Hilda,
+happened to pass a night in the village of Grautz, in the centre of the
+Harz Mountains.</p>
+
+<p>In the course of a conversation with the innkeeper, the Countess
+remarked: "On our way here this morning we crossed a brook, and
+experienced the greatest difficulty in persuading our dogs to go into
+the water. It is most unusual, as they are generally only too ready <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a>[<a href="./images/162.png">162</a>]</span>for
+a dip. Can you in any way account for it?"</p>
+
+<p>"Were there two very tall poplars, one on either side of the brook?" the
+innkeeper asked; "and did you notice a peculiar&mdash;one cannot describe it
+as altogether unpleasant&mdash;smell there?"</p>
+
+<p>"We did!" the Count and Countess exclaimed in chorus.</p>
+
+<p>"Then it was the spot locally known as Wolf Hollow," the innkeeper said.
+"No one ventures there after dark, as it has a very evil reputation."</p>
+
+<p>"Stuff and nonsense!" the Count snapped.</p>
+
+<p>"That is as your honour pleases," the innkeeper said humbly. "We village
+folk believe it to be haunted; but, of course, if the subject appears
+ridiculous to you, I will take care I do not refer to it again."</p>
+
+<p>"Please do!" the Countess cried. "I love anything to do with the
+supernatural. Tell us all about it."</p>
+
+<p>The innkeeper gave a little nervous cough, and glancing uneasily at the
+Count, whose face looked more than usually stern in the fading sunlight,
+observed: "They do say, madam, that whoever drinks the water of that
+stream&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, yes?" the Countess cried eagerly.</p>
+
+<p>"Suffers a grave misfortune."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163"></a>[<a href="./images/163.png">163</a>]</span>"Of what nature?" the Countess demanded; but before the innkeeper could
+answer, the Count cut in:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I forbid you to say another word. The Countess has drunk the water
+there, and your cock-and-bull stories will frighten her into fits.
+Confess it is all made up for the benefit of travellers like ourselves."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, your honour!" the innkeeper stammered, his knees shaking; "I
+confess it is mere talk, but we all be&mdash;be&mdash;lieve it."</p>
+
+<p>"That will do&mdash;go!" the Count cried; and the innkeeper, terrified out of
+his wits, flew out of the room.</p>
+
+<p>Some minutes later mine host received a peremptory summons to appear
+before the Count, who was alone and scowling horribly, in the best
+parlour. He had barely got inside the room before the Count burst out
+wrathfully:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I've sent for you, sir, in order to impress upon you the fact that if
+either you or your minions mention one word about that brook to the
+Countess, or to her servants&mdash;mark that&mdash;I will have the breath flogged
+out of your body and your tongue snipped. Do you hear?"</p>
+
+<p>"Y&mdash;yes, your honour," the innkeeper cried. "I ful&mdash;fully
+un&mdash;understand, and if her ladyship asks me any&mdash;anything abou&mdash;out the
+br&mdash;br&mdash;brook, I will lie."</p>
+
+<p>"Which won't trouble you much, eh?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a>[<a href="./images/164.png">164</a>]</span>"N&mdash;n&mdash;o, your honour! I mean y&mdash;yes, your honour! It will be a burden
+on my con&mdash;conscience, but I will do anything to pl&mdash;please your
+honour."</p>
+
+<p>The interview then terminated, and the innkeeper, bathed in perspiration
+and wishing his lot in life anything but what it was, hastened to
+prepare dinner.</p>
+
+<p>"I hope nothing dreadful will happen to me; I feel that something will,"
+the Countess said, as she let down her long beautiful hair that night.
+"Carl, why did you let me drink the water?"</p>
+
+<p>"The water be &mdash;&mdash;!" the Count growled. "Didn't you hear what the
+innkeeper said?&mdash;that the story was mere invention! If you believe all
+the idle tales you hear, you will soon be in an asylum. Hilda, I'm
+ashamed of you!"</p>
+
+<p>"And I'm ashamed of myself," the Countess cried, "so there!" and she
+flung her arms round his neck and kissed him.</p>
+
+<p>The following morning they left the inn, and, retracing their steps,
+journeyed homewards. The Count looked at his wife somewhat critically;
+she was very pale, and there were dark rims under her eyes.</p>
+
+<p>"I do believe, Hilda," he observed with an assumed gaiety, "you are
+still worrying about that water!"</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165"></a>[<a href="./images/165.png">165</a>]</span>"I am," she replied; "I had such queer dreams."</p>
+
+<p>He asked her to narrate them, but she refused; and as her sleep now
+became constantly disturbed, and she was getting thin and worried, the
+Count determined that as soon as he reached home he would call in a
+doctor. The latter, examining the Countess, attributed the cause of her
+indisposition to dyspepsia, and ordered her a diet of milk food. But she
+did not get better, and now insisted upon sleeping alone, choosing a
+bedroom situated in a secluded part of the house, where there was
+absolute silence.</p>
+
+<p>The Count remonstrated. "You might at least let me occupy the room next
+to you!" he said.</p>
+
+<p>"No," she replied; "I should hear you if you did. I am sensible now of
+the very slightest sounds, and besides disturbing me, they are a source
+of the greatest annoyance. I feel I shall never get well again unless I
+can have complete rest and quiet. Do let me!" and she fixed her big blue
+eyes on him so earnestly, that he vowed he would see that all her
+wishes, no matter how fanciful, were gratified.</p>
+
+<p>"I hope she won't go mad!" he said to himself; "her behaviour is odd, to
+say the least of it. Odd!&mdash;wholly inexplicable."</p>
+
+<p>It was rather too bad that just now, when <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a>[<a href="./images/166.png">166</a>]</span>his mind was harassed with
+misgivings at home, he should also be bothered with disturbances outside
+his own home. But so it was. Events of an unprecedented nature were
+taking place in the town, and it fell to his lot to cope with them.
+Night after night children&mdash;mostly of the poorer class&mdash;disappeared, and
+despite frantic yet careful and thorough searches, no clue as to what
+had befallen them had, so far, been discovered. The Count doubled the
+men on night duty, but in spite of these and other extraordinary
+precautions the disappearances continued, and the affair&mdash;already of the
+utmost gravity&mdash;promised to be one that would prove disastrous, not
+merely to the heads of families, but to the head of the police himself.
+So long as the missing ones had been of the lower orders only, the Count
+had not had much to fear&mdash;the murmurings of their parents could easily
+be held in check&mdash;but now that a few of the children of the rich had
+been spirited away, there was every likelihood of the matter reaching
+the ears of the Court. One evening, when the Count had hardly recovered
+his equanimity after a stormy interview with Herr Meichen, the banker,
+whose three-year-old daughter had vanished, and a still more distressing
+scene with Otto Schmidt, the lawyer, whose six-year-old daughter had
+disappeared, his patience was called upon to undergo a still <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167"></a>[<a href="./images/167.png">167</a>]</span>further
+trial in consequence of a visit from General Carl Rittenberg, a person
+of the greatest importance, not only in the town, but in the whole
+province. Purple in the face with suppressed fury, the General burst
+into the room where the head of the police sat.</p>
+
+<p>"Count!" he cried, striking the table with his fist, "this is beyond a
+joke. My child&mdash;my only child&mdash;Elizabeth, whom my wife and I
+passionately love, has been stolen. She was walking by my side in
+Frederick Street this afternoon, and as it suddenly became foggy, I left
+her a moment to hail a vehicle to take us home. I wasn't gone from her
+more than half a minute at the most, but when I returned she had gone. I
+searched everywhere, shouting her name; and passers by, compassionate
+strangers, joined me in my search; but though we have looked high and
+low not a trace of her have we been able to discover. I have not told
+her mother yet. God help me&mdash;I dare not! I dare not even show my face at
+home without her&mdash;my wife will never forgive me&mdash;&mdash;"; and so great was
+his emotion that he buried his face in his hands, and his great body
+heaved and shook. Then he started to his feet, his eyes bulging and
+lurid. "Curse you!" he shrieked; "curse you, Count! it's all your fault!
+Day after day you've sat here, when you ought to have been hunting up
+these <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a>[<a href="./images/168.png">168</a>]</span>rascally police of yours. You've no right to rest one second&mdash;not
+one second, do you hear?&mdash;till the mystery surrounding these poor lost
+children has been cleared up, and, living or dead&mdash;God forbid it should
+prove to be the latter!&mdash;they are restored to their parents. Now, mark
+my words, Count, unless my child Elizabeth is found, I'll make your name
+a byword throughout the length and breadth of the country&mdash;I'll&mdash;&mdash;";
+but words failed him, and, shaking his fist, he staggered out of the
+room.</p>
+
+<p>The Count was much perturbed. The General was one of the few people in
+the town who really had it in their power to do him harm&mdash;the one man
+above all others with whom he had hitherto made it his business to keep
+in. He had not the least doubt but that the General meant all he said,
+and he recognized only too well that his one and only hope of salvation
+lay in the recovery of Elizabeth. But, God in heaven, where could he
+look for her? Sick at heart, he marshalled every policeman in the force,
+and within an hour every street in Magdeburg was being subjected to a
+most rigorous search. The Count was just quitting his office, resolved
+to join in the hunt himself, when a shabbily dressed woman brushed past
+the custodian at the door, and racing up to him, flung herself at his
+feet.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169"></a>[<a href="./images/169.png">169</a>]</span>"What the devil does she want?" the Count demanded savagely. "Who is
+she?"</p>
+
+<p>"Martha Brochel, your honour, a poor half-witted creature, who was one
+of the first in the town to lose a child," the door-porter replied; "and
+the shock of it has driven her mad!"</p>
+
+<p>"Mad! mad! Yes! that is just what I am&mdash;mad!" the woman broke out.
+"Everything is in darkness. It is always night! There are no houses, no
+chimneys, no lanterns, only trees&mdash;big, black trees that rustle in the
+wind, and shake their heads mockingly. And then something hideous comes!
+What is it? Take it away! Take it away! Give her back to me!" And as
+Martha's voice rose to a shriek, she threw her hands over her head, and,
+clenching them, growled and snarled like a wild animal.</p>
+
+<p>"Put her outside!" the Count said with an impatient gesture; "and take
+good care she does not get in here again."</p>
+
+<p>"No! Don't turn me away! Don't! don't!" Martha screamed; "I forgot what
+it was I wanted to tell you&mdash;but I remember now. I've seen it!&mdash;seen the
+thing that stole my child. There is light&mdash;light again! Oh! hear me!"</p>
+
+<p>"Where have you seen it, Martha?" the porter inquired; and looking at
+the Count, he said respectfully: "It is just possible, your <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a>[<a href="./images/170.png">170</a>]</span>honour,
+this woman might be of use to us, and that she has actually seen the
+person who stole her child."</p>
+
+<p>"Rubbish! What right has she to have children?" the Count snapped, and
+he spurned the supplicant with his boot.</p>
+
+<p>The moment she was in the street, however, the head of the police was
+after her. Keeping close behind her, he resolutely dogged her steps. The
+evening was now far advanced, and the fog so dense that the Count,
+though he knew the city, was soon at a total loss as to his whereabouts.
+But on and on the woman went, now deviating to the right, now to the
+left; sometimes pausing as if listening, then tearing on again at such a
+rate that the Count was obliged to run to keep up with her. Suddenly she
+uttered a shrill cry:</p>
+
+<p>"There it is! There it is! The thing that took my child!" and the figure
+of what certainly appeared to be a woman, muffled, and carrying a sack
+on her shoulder, glided across the road just in front of them and
+disappeared in the impenetrable darkness. Martha sped after her, and the
+Count, his hopes raised high, followed in hot pursuit. He failed to
+recognize the ground they were traversing, and presently they came to a
+high wall, over which Martha scrambled with the agility of an acrobat.
+The Count, in attempting to imitate her, damaged <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171"></a>[<a href="./images/171.png">171</a>]</span>his knee and tore his
+clothes, but he also landed safely on the other side. Then on they went,
+Martha with unabated energy, the Count horribly exhausted, and beginning
+to think of turning back, when they were abruptly brought to a
+standstill. The walls of some building loomed right ahead of them. The
+object of their pursuit, again visible, darted through a doorway; whilst
+Martha, with a loud cry of triumph, sprang in after her; but before the
+Count could cross the threshold the door was slammed and locked in his
+face. Then he heard a chorus of the most appalling sounds&mdash;sounds so
+strange and unearthly that his blood turned to ice and his hair rose
+straight on end. Rushing footsteps mingled with peculiar soft
+patterings; agonized human screams coupled with the growls and snappings
+of an animal; a heavy thud; gurgles; and then silence.</p>
+
+<p>The Count's courage revived: he hurled himself against the door; it gave
+with a crash, and the next moment he was inside. But what a sight met
+his eyes! The place, which somehow or the other seemed oddly familiar to
+him, was a veritable shambles&mdash;floor, walls, and furniture were sodden
+with blood. In every corner were mangled human remains; whilst stretched
+on the ground, opposite the doorway, lay the body of Martha, her face
+unrecognizable and her breast and stomach ripped <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a>[<a href="./images/172.png">172</a>]</span>right open. This was
+terrible enough, but more terrible by far was the author of it all, who,
+having cast aside wraps, now stood fully revealed in the yellow glow of
+a lantern. What the Count saw was a monstrosity&mdash;a thing with a woman's
+breast, a woman's hair, golden and curly, but the face and feet were
+those of a wolf; whilst the hands, white and slender, were armed with
+long, glittering nails, cruelly sharp and dripping with blood.</p>
+
+<p>To the Count's astonishment the creature did not attack him, but
+uttering a low plaintive cry, veered round and endeavoured to escape.
+But escape was the very last thing Van Breber would permit. Whatever the
+thing was&mdash;beast or devil&mdash;it had caused him endless trouble, and if
+allowed to get away now, would go on with its escapades, and so bring
+about his ruin. No! he must kill it. Kill it even at the risk of his own
+life. With a shout of wrath he plunged his sword up to its hilt in the
+thing's back.</p>
+
+<p>It fell to the floor and the Count bent over it curiously. Something was
+happening&mdash;something strange and terrifying; but he could not look&mdash;he
+was forced to shut his eyes. When he opened them he no longer saw the
+hairy visage of a wolf&mdash;he was gazing fondly into the dying eyes of his
+beautiful and much-loved wife. With a rapidity like lightning, he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173"></a>[<a href="./images/173.png">173</a>]</span>recognized his surroundings. He was in a long disused summer-house that
+stood in a remote corner of his own grounds!</p>
+
+<p>"God help me and you, too!" the Countess Hilda whispered, clasping him
+fondly in her arms. "It was the water!&mdash;the water I drank in the Harz
+Mountains! I have been bewitched&mdash;&mdash;"; and kissing him feverishly on the
+lips, she sank back&mdash;dead.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a>[<a href="./images/174.png">174</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XI</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA</h3>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of the Family of Kloska and the Lycanthropous Flower</p>
+
+<p><span class="dc">I</span>N the mountainous regions of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula
+are certain flowers credited with the property of converting into
+werwolves whoever plucks and wears them. Needless to say, these flowers
+are very rare, but I have heard of their having been found,
+comparatively recently, both in the Transylvanian Alps and the Balkans.
+A story <i>&agrave; propos</i> of one of these discoveries was told me last summer.</p>
+
+<p>Ivan and Olga were the children of Otto and Vera Kloska&mdash;the former a
+storekeeper of Kerovitch, a village on the Roumanian side of the
+Transylvanian Alps. One morning they were out with their mother,
+watching her wash clothes in a brook at the back of their house, when,
+getting tired of their occupation, they wandered into a thicket.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175"></a>[<a href="./images/175.png">175</a>]</span>"Let's make a chaplet of flowers," Olga said, plucking a daisy. "You
+gather the flowers and I'll weave them together."</p>
+
+<p>"It's not much of a game," Ivan grumbled, "but I can't think of anything
+more exciting just now, so I'll play it. But let's both make wreaths and
+see which makes the best."</p>
+
+<p>To this Olga agreed, and they were soon busily hunting amidst the grass
+and undergrowth, and scrambling into all sorts of possible and
+impossible places.</p>
+
+<p>Presently Ivan heard a scream, followed by a heavy thud, and running in
+the direction of the noise, narrowly avoided falling into a pit, the
+sides of which were partly overgrown with weeds and brambles.</p>
+
+<p>"It's all right," Olga shouted; "I'm not hurt. I landed on soft ground.
+It's not very deep, and there's such a queer flower here&mdash;I don't know
+what it is; I've never seen one like it before."</p>
+
+<p>Ivan's curiosity thus aroused, he carefully examined the sides of the
+pit, and, selecting the shallowest spot, lowered himself slowly over and
+then dropped. It was nothing of a distance, seven or eight feet at the
+most, and he alighted without mishap on a clump of rank, luxuriant
+grass. "See! here it is," his sister cried, pointing to a large, very
+vivid white flower, shaped something like a sunflower, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a>[<a href="./images/176.png">176</a>]</span>soft and
+pulpy, and full of a sweet, nauseating odour. "It's too big to put in a
+wreath, so I'll wear it in my buttonhole."</p>
+
+<p>"Better not," Ivan said, snatching it from her; "I don't like it. It's a
+nasty-looking thing. I believe it's a sort of fungus."</p>
+
+<p>Olga then began to cry, and as Ivan was desirous of keeping the peace,
+he gave her back the flower. She was a prepossessing child, with black
+hair and large dark eyes, pretty teeth and plump, sunburnt cheeks. Nor
+was she altogether unaware of her attractions, for even at so early an
+age she had a goodly share of the inordinate vanity common to her sex,
+and liked nothing better than appearing out-of-doors in a new frock
+plentifully besprinkled with rosettes and ribbons. The flower, she told
+herself, would look well on her scarlet bodice, and would be a good
+set-off to her black hair and olive complexion. All this was, of course,
+beyond the comprehension of Ivan, who regarded his sister's weakness
+with the most supreme contempt, and for his own part was never so happy
+as when skylarking with other boys and getting into every conceivable
+kind of mischief. Yet for all that he was in the main sensible, almost
+beyond his years, and extremely fond, and&mdash;though he would not admit
+it&mdash;proud of Olga.</p>
+
+<p>She fixed the flower in her dress, and imitating <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177"></a>[<a href="./images/177.png">177</a>]</span>to the best of her
+knowledge the carriage of royalty, strutted up and down, saying "Am I
+not grand? Don't I look nice? Ivan&mdash;salute me!"</p>
+
+<p>And Ivan was preparing to salute her in the proper military style,
+taught him by a great friend of his in the village, a soldier in the
+carabineers for whom he had an intense admiration, when his jaw suddenly
+fell and his eyes bulged.</p>
+
+<p>"Whatever is the matter with you?" Olga asked.</p>
+
+<p>"There's nothing the matter with me," Ivan cried, shrinking away from
+her; "but there is with you. Don't! don't make such faces&mdash;they frighten
+me," and turning round, he ran to the place where he had made his
+descent and tried to climb up.</p>
+
+<p>Some minutes later the mother of the children, hearing piercing shrieks
+for help, flew to the pit, and, missing her footing, slipped over the
+brink, and falling some ten or more feet, broke one of her legs and
+otherwise bruised herself. For some seconds she was unconscious, and the
+first sight that met her eyes on coming to was Ivan kneeling on the
+ground, feebly endeavouring to hold at bay a gaunt grey wolf that had
+already bitten him about the legs and thigh, and was now trying hard to
+fix its wicked white fangs into his throat.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178"></a>[<a href="./images/178.png">178</a>]</span>"Help me, mother!" Ivan gasped; "I'm getting exhausted. It's Olga."</p>
+
+<p>"Olga!" the mother screamed, making frantic efforts to come to his
+assistance. "Olga! what do you mean?"</p>
+
+<p>"It's all owing to a flower&mdash;a white flower," Ivan panted; "Olga would
+pluck it, and no sooner had she fixed it on her dress than she turned
+into a wolf! Quick, quick! I can't hold it off any longer."</p>
+
+<p>Thus adjured the wretched woman made a terrific effort to rise, and
+failing in this, clenched her teeth, and, lying down, rolled over and
+over till she arrived at the spot where the struggle was taking place.
+By this time, however, the wolf had broken through Ivan's guard, and he
+was now on his back with his right arm in the grip of his ferocious
+enemy.</p>
+
+<p>The mother had not a knife, but she had a long steel skewer she used for
+sticking into a tree as a means of fastening one end of her washing
+line. She wore it hanging to her girdle, and it was quite by a miracle
+it had not run into her when she fell.</p>
+
+<p>"Take care, mother," Ivan cried, as she raised it ready to strike;
+"remember, it is Olga."</p>
+
+<p>This indeed was an ugly fact that the woman in her anxiety to save the
+boy had forgotten. What should she do? To merely wound the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179"></a>[<a href="./images/179.png">179</a>]</span>animal would
+be to make it ten times more savage, in which case it would almost
+inevitably destroy them both. To kill it would mean killing Olga. Which
+did she love the most, the boy or the girl? Never was a mother placed in
+such a dilemma. And she had no time to deliberate, not even a second.
+God help her, she chose. And like ninety-nine out of a hundred mothers
+would have done, she chose the boy; he&mdash;he at all costs must be saved.
+She struck, struck with all the pent-up energy of despair, and in her
+blind, mad zeal she struck again.</p>
+
+<p>The first blow, penetrating the werwolf's eye, sank deep into its brain,
+but the second blow missed&mdash;missed, and falling aslant, alighted on the
+form beneath.</p>
+
+<p>An hour later a villager on his way home, hearing extraordinary sounds
+of mirth, went to the side of the pit and peeped over.</p>
+
+<p>"Vera Kloska!" he screamed; "Heaven have mercy on us, what have you
+there?"</p>
+
+<p>"He! he! he!" came the answer. "He! he! he! My children! Don't they look
+funny? Olga has such a pretty white flower in her buttonhole, and Ivan a
+red stain on his forehead. They are deaf&mdash;they won't reply when I speak
+to them. See if you can make them hear."</p>
+
+<p>But the villager shook his head. "They'll <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180"></a>[<a href="./images/180.png">180</a>]</span>never hear again in this
+world, mad soul," he muttered. "You've murdered them."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>Besides this white flower there is a yellow one, of the same shape and
+size as a snapdragon; and a red one, something similar to an ox-eyed
+daisy, both of which have the power of metamorphosing the plucker and
+wearer into a werwolf. Both have the same peculiar vividness of colour,
+the same thick, sticky sap, and the same sickly, faint odour. They are
+both natives of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula, and are
+occasionally to be met with in damp, marshy places.</p>
+
+<p>Certain flowers (lilies-of-the-valley, marigolds, and azaleas), as also
+diamonds, are said to attract werwolves, thus proving a source of danger
+to those who wear them. And <i>&agrave; propos</i> of this magnetic property of
+diamonds the following anecdote comes to me from the Tyrol:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">A Werwolf in Innsbruck</p>
+
+<p>Madame Mildau was one of the prettiest women in Innsbruck. She had
+golden hair, large violet eyes, a smile that would melt a Loyola, and
+diamonds that set every woman's mouth watering. With such inducements to
+seduction, how could Madame Mildau help delighting in balls and f&ecirc;tes,
+and in promenading <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181"></a>[<a href="./images/181.png">181</a>]</span>constantly before the public? She revelled in a
+universal admiration&mdash;she aimed at a monopoly&mdash;and she lived wholly and
+solely to exact homage. To be deprived of any single opportunity of
+displaying her charms and consequent triumphs would indeed have been a
+hardship, and to nothing short of a very serious indisposition would
+Madame Mildau have sacrificed her pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>Now it so happened that three of the most brilliant entertainments of
+the season fell on the same night, and Madame Mildau, with all the
+unreason of her sex, desired to attend each one of them.</p>
+
+<p>"I have accepted these three invitations," she informed her husband,
+"and to these three balls I mean to go. I shall apportion the time
+equally between them. You forget," she added, "that the success of these
+entertainments really depends on me. Crowds go only to see me, and I
+should never forgive myself if I disappointed them."</p>
+
+<p>But her husband, with the perversity characteristic of gout and middle
+age, combined, no doubt, with a not unnatural modicum of jealousy,
+maintained that one such f&ecirc;te should be sufficient amusement for one
+night. She might take her choice of one; he would on no account permit
+her to attend all three. Much to his surprise and delight Madame <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182"></a>[<a href="./images/182.png">182</a>]</span>Mildau
+made no scene, but graciously submitted after a few mild protestations.
+A little later her husband remarked encouragingly:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I congratulate you, Julia, on your philosophy and self-restraint. In
+yielding to my wishes you have pleased me immeasurably, and I should
+like to show my gratification in some substantial manner. As it is some
+months since I gave you a present, I have resolved to make you one now.
+You may choose what you like."</p>
+
+<p>"I have chosen," Madame Mildau replied calmly.</p>
+
+<p>"What, already!" her husband cried. "You sly creature. You have been
+keeping this up your sleeve. What is it?"</p>
+
+<p>"A diamond tiara," was the cool reply. "The one you said you could not
+afford last Christmas."</p>
+
+<p>"Mon Dieu!" her husband gasped. "I shall be ruined."</p>
+
+<p>"You will be ruined if you do not give it to me," Madame Mildau replied,
+"for in that case I should leave you. I couldn't live with a liar."</p>
+
+<p>Her husband wrung his hands. He implored her to choose something else,
+but it was of no avail, and within two hours Madame Mildau had visited
+the jeweller and the tiara was hers.</p>
+
+<p>The eventful day came at last, and Madame <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183"></a>[<a href="./images/183.png">183</a>]</span>Mildau, escorted by her
+husband, attended one of the most popular balls of the season. She did
+not wear her tiara. There had been several highway jewellery robberies
+in the neighbourhood of late, and she pleased her husband immensely by
+leaving her diamonds carefully locked up at home.</p>
+
+<p>"You are prudence itself," he said, gazing at her in admiration. "And as
+a reward you shall dance all the evening whilst I look on and admire
+you."</p>
+
+<p>But soon Madame Mildau could dance no longer. She had a very bad
+headache, and begged her husband to take her home. M. Mildau was very
+sympathetic. He was very sorry for his wife, and suggested that she
+should take some brandy. She readily agreed that a little brandy might
+do her good, and they took some together in their bedroom, after which
+madame's husband remembered little more. He had a vague notion that his
+wife was rolling his neck-handkerchief round his forehead in the form of
+a Turkish turban, and patting him on the cheeks and smilingly wishing
+him a thousand pleasant dreams, and then&mdash;all was a blank. He might as
+well have been dead. With madame it was otherwise. The headache was, of
+course, a ruse. The brandy she had given her husband had been well
+drugged, and no sooner had she made sure it had taken <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184"></a>[<a href="./images/184.png">184</a>]</span>effect than she
+snapped her daintily manicured finger-tips in the air, and retiring to
+her dressing-room, changed the dress she was wearing for one ten times
+more costly and beautiful&mdash;a dress of rose-coloured gauze, upon which a
+drapery of lace was suspended by agraffes of diamonds. A wreath of pale
+roses, that seemed to have been bathed in the dew of the morning, the
+better to harmonize with the delicate complexion of her lovely face,
+nestled in her hair, and above it, more magnificent than anything yet
+seen in Innsbruck, and setting off to perfection the dazzling lustre of
+her yellow curls, the tiara of diamonds.</p>
+
+<p>After a final survey of herself in the glass, she slipped on her cloak,
+and stole softly out to join her intimate friend, the Countess Linitz,
+who was also going to the ball. All things so far had worked wonderfully
+well; not even a servant suspected her. In order to avoid trusting her
+secret to anyone in the house, she had employed a stranger to hire an
+elegant carriage, which was in waiting for her at a discreet distance
+from the front door. The ball at which Madame Mildau soon arrived with
+her friend was much more to her liking than the one to which she had
+been previously escorted by her husband. The music was more harmonious,
+the conversation more amiable, the dresses more elaborate, and, what
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185"></a>[<a href="./images/185.png">185</a>]</span>was more important than all, Madame Mildau's success was even more
+instantaneous and complete. The whole room&mdash;host, guests, musicians,
+even waiters&mdash;one and all were literally dumbfounded at the
+extraordinary beauty of her face and costume, to say nothing of her
+jewels. Such an entrancing spectacle was without parallel in a ballroom
+in Innsbruck; and when she left, before the entertainment was over, all
+the life, the light, the gaiety went with her.</p>
+
+<p>But it was at the third ball, to which the same equipage surreptitiously
+bore her, that Madame Mildau's enjoyment and triumphs reached their
+zenith; and it was only towards the close of that entertainment&mdash;when
+she felt, by that revelation of instinct which never deceives women on
+similar occasions, that it was time to depart; that the brilliancy of
+her eyes, no less than the beauty of her dress, was fading; that her
+lips, parched with fatigue, had lost that humid red which rendered them
+so pretty and inviting, and that the dust had taken the beautiful gloss
+off her hair&mdash;that she experienced, for the first time, a sentiment of
+uneasiness in reviewing the rashness of her conduct. How was it
+possible, she asked herself, to prevent a casual acquaintance&mdash;her
+friends she could warn&mdash;letting out in conversation before her husband
+that she had been <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186"></a>[<a href="./images/186.png">186</a>]</span>to these balls. And supposing he thus got to know of
+her deceit, what then?</p>
+
+<p>This idea&mdash;the idea of being found out&mdash;with all its consequences, rose
+before her. Her exhausted imagination could find nothing to oppose it,
+nothing to relieve the feeling of depression which took possession of
+her, and she almost felt remorse when she threw herself into her
+carriage. It was a very dark night, cold and windy, and she was only too
+thankful to nestle close into the soft cushions at her back, and bury
+her face in the warm fur of her costly wrap. For some minutes she
+remained absorbed in thought; but it was not long before the monotonous
+rumble, rumble of the carriage produced a sensation of drowsiness, from
+which she was rudely awakened by the sound of a cough. Glancing in the
+direction from whence it came, to her utmost dismay and astonishment she
+saw, seated in the opposite corner of the vehicle, a young man of good,
+if somewhat peculiar appearance, and extremely well dressed. Madame
+Mildau instantly took in all the disadvantages of her situation, and,
+overwhelmed by the imprudence of her conduct, exclaimed in a tone in
+which dignity and terror struggled for mastery, "Sir, what audacity!"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, indeed, what audacity!" the stranger replied, affecting to be
+shocked. "What <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187"></a>[<a href="./images/187.png">187</a>]</span>pride! What a love of display!" and he rolled his big
+eyes at her and bared his teeth.</p>
+
+<p>"But, sir," Madame Mildau cried in horror, concluding that the unknown
+was a madman, "this is <i>my</i> carriage. I beg you will depart&mdash;I beseech
+you&mdash;I command you. I will summon my servants."</p>
+
+<p>"That will be a vain waste of valuable breath," replied the young man
+coolly. "You may call your servants&mdash;but there is only one, and he is
+mine. He will not answer you."</p>
+
+<p>"Where am I, then? How infamous!" exclaimed Madame Mildau, and she burst
+into tears. "Oh, how cruelly punished I am!"</p>
+
+<p>"It is true, madame, you will be punished for having been agreeable,
+gay, and brilliant to-night without the consent of your husband; but at
+present he knows nothing about it, for at this moment he reposes in the
+sleep of the just, confident that you are enjoying the same repose close
+to him. As to yourself, madame, why this fear? You will have nothing to
+dread, I assure you, from my indiscretion; but, as you may be aware,
+there is no fault, however small, that has not its expiation. Nay, do
+not weep. Am I so ugly? Why should you dread me so, madame? I am a great
+admirer of your charms, desirous to know you better. Nay, have no
+suspicions as to my morality&mdash;I <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188"></a>[<a href="./images/188.png">188</a>]</span>am no profligate. I came to the ball
+to-night for quite another purpose."</p>
+
+<p>"Sir, I understand you. You are employed by my husband. A spy!
+Detestable!"</p>
+
+<p>"Stop, madame," the stranger said, laying his hand gently on hers.
+"Debase not the dignity of man by imagining for one instant that there
+is anyone who would lend himself so readily to act the odious part you
+impute to me. I am no spy."</p>
+
+<p>"In Heaven's name, then," Madame Mildau exclaimed, "what brings you
+here? What do you want? Who are you?"</p>
+
+<p>"One at a time, madame," the young man ejaculated. "To begin with, it
+was those diamonds of yours&mdash;those rings on your soft and delicate
+fingers, those bracelets on your slender rounded wrists, that necklace
+and pendant on your snowy breast, and over and above all that splendid
+tiara on your matchless hair. It was the sight of all those bright and
+gleaming stars that attracted me, just as the light of a candle attracts
+a moth. I could not resist them."</p>
+
+<p>"Then you&mdash;you are a robber!" stammered the lady, ready to faint with
+terror.</p>
+
+<p>"Wrong again!" the young man said; "I admire your jewels, it is true,
+but I am no thief."</p>
+
+<p>"Then, in mercy's name, what are you?" demanded the lady.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189"></a>[<a href="./images/189.png">189</a>]</span>"Well!" the stranger replied, speaking with a slight snarl, "I am a man
+now, but I shall soon change."</p>
+
+<p>"A man and will soon change?" Madame Mildau cried; "oh, you're mad,
+mad&mdash;and I'm shut up in here with a lunatic! Help! help!"</p>
+
+<p>"Calmly, calmly," the stranger exclaimed, lifting her hands to his lips
+and kissing them. "I'm perfectly sane, and at present perfectly
+harmless. Now tell me, madame&mdash;and mind, be candid with me&mdash;why don't
+you love your husband?"</p>
+
+<p>"How do you know I don't?" Madame Mildau faltered.</p>
+
+<p>"Tut, tut!" the young man said. "Anyone could see that with half an eye.
+Besides, consider your conduct to-night! Answer my questions."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, you see!" Madame Mildau stammered, having come to the conclusion
+that even if the man were not mad it would be highly impolitic to
+provoke him, "I'm so much younger than he is. I'm only twenty-three,
+whereas he is forty-five. Besides, he detests all amusements, and I love
+them&mdash;especially dances. He is too fat to&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Are you sure he is fat? Will you swear he is fat?" the stranger asked,
+grasping her hands so tightly that she screamed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190"></a>[<a href="./images/190.png">190</a>]</span>"I swear it!" she said, "he is quite the fattest man I know."</p>
+
+<p>"And tender! But no, he can't be very tender!"</p>
+
+<p>"What questions to ask!" Madame Mildau said. "How do I know whether he
+is tender! Besides, what does it concern you?"</p>
+
+<p>"It concerns me much," the young man retorted; "and you, too, madame.
+You asked me just now a question concerning myself. Your curiosity shall
+be satisfied. I am a werwolf. My servant on the box who took the place
+of your employ&eacute; is a werwolf. In an hour the metamorphosis will take
+place. You are out here in the Wood of Arlan alone with us."</p>
+
+<p>"In the Wood of Arlan!"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, madame, in the Wood of Arlan, which is, as you know, one of the
+wildest and least frequented spots in this part of the Tyrol. We are
+both ravenously hungry, and&mdash;well, you can judge the rest!"</p>
+
+<p>Madame Mildau, who regarded werwolves in the same category as satyrs and
+mermaids, was once more convinced that she had to deal with a lunatic,
+but thinking it wisest to humour him, she said, "I shouldn't advise you
+to eat me. I'm not at all nice. I'm dreadfully tough."</p>
+
+<p>"You're not that," the young man said, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191"></a>[<a href="./images/191.png">191</a>]</span>"but I'm not at all sure that
+the paint and powder on your cheeks might not prove injurious. Anyhow, I
+have decided to spare you on one condition!"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes! and that is?" Madame Mildau exclaimed, clapping her hands
+joyfully.</p>
+
+<p>"That you let me have your husband instead. Give me the keys of your
+house, and my man and I will fetch him. Did you leave him sound asleep?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes!" Madame Mildau faltered.</p>
+
+<p>"In other words you drugged him! I knew it! I can read it in your eyes.
+Well&mdash;so much the better. Your foresight has proved quite providential.
+We will bind you securely and leave you here whilst we are gone, and
+when we return with your husband you shall be freed, and my man shall
+drive you home. The key?"</p>
+
+<p>Madame Mildau gave it him. With the aid of his servant&mdash;a huge man, well
+over six feet and with the chest and limbs of a Hercules&mdash;the stranger
+then proceeded to gag and bind Madame Mildau hand and foot, and lifting
+her gently on to the road, fastened her securely to the trunk of a tree.</p>
+
+<p>"Au revoir!" he exclaimed, kissing her lightly on the forehead. "We
+shan't be long! These horses go like the wind."</p>
+
+<p>The next moment he was gone. For some <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192"></a>[<a href="./images/192.png">192</a>]</span>seconds Madame Mildau struggled
+desperately to free herself; then, recognizing the futility of her
+efforts, resigned herself to her fate. At last she heard the clatter of
+horses' hoofs and the rumble of wheels, and in a few minutes she was
+once again free.</p>
+
+<p>"Quick!" the stranger said, leading her by the arm, "there's not a
+moment to lose. The transmutation has already begun. In a few seconds we
+shall both be wolves and your fate will be sealed. We've got your
+husband, and, fortunately for you, he is as you described him, nice and
+plump. If you want to take a final peep at him, do so at once; it's your
+last chance."</p>
+
+<p>But Madame Mildau had no such desire. She moved aside as her husband,
+clad in his pyjamas and still sleeping soundly, was lifted out of the
+vehicle and placed on the ground, and then, hurriedly brushing past him,
+was about to enter the carriage, when the young man interposed.</p>
+
+<p>"On the box, madame. We could not find you a coachman&mdash;you must drive
+yourself; and as you value your life, drive like the&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>But madame did not wait for further instructions. Springing lightly on
+the box, she picked up the reins, and with a crack of the whip the
+horses were off. A minute later, and the wild howl of wolves, followed
+by a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193"></a>[<a href="./images/193.png">193</a>]</span>piercing human scream, rang out in the still morning air.</p>
+
+<p>"That's my husband! I recognize his voice," Madame Mildau sighed. "Ah,
+well! thank God, the man wasn't a robber. My diamonds are safe."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194"></a>[<a href="./images/194.png">194</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">W</span>ERWOLVES are, perhaps, rather less common in Spain than in any other
+part of Europe. They are there almost entirely confined to the
+mountainous regions (more particularly to the Sierra de Guadarrama, the
+Cantabrian, and the Pyrenees), and are usually of the male species.
+Generally speaking the property of lycanthropy in Spain appears to be
+hereditary; and, as one would naturally expect in a country so
+pronouncedly Roman Catholic, to rid the lycanthropist of his unenviable
+property it is the custom to resort to exorcism. Though they are
+extremely rare, both flowers and streams possessing the power of
+transmitting the property of werwolfery are to be found in the
+Cantabrian mountains and the Pyrenees.</p>
+
+<p>And in Spain, as in Austria-Hungary, precious stones&mdash;particularly
+rubies&mdash;not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195"></a>[<a href="./images/195.png">195</a>]</span>infrequently, and often with disastrous results, attract
+the werwolf.</p>
+
+<p>The following case of a Spanish werwolf may be taken as typical:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>In the month of September, 1853, a young man, one Paul Nicholas, arrived
+from Paris at Pamplona, and took up his abode at l'H&ocirc;tel Hervada.</p>
+
+<p>He was rich, idle, sleek; and the sole object of his stay at Pamplona
+was the pursuit of some little adventure wherewith he might be
+temporarily employed, and whereof perchance he might afterwards boast.
+Well, in the hotel there had arrived, a day or two before Monsieur
+Nicholas, a young and beautiful lady, the effect of whose personal
+attractions was intensified by certain mysterious circumstances. No one
+knew her; she had no one with her&mdash;not even a servant to be bribed&mdash;and
+although eminently fitted to shine in society, she went neither to the
+opera nor the dance. As may be readily understood, she was soon the sole
+topic of conversation in the hotel. Every one talked of her rare beauty,
+elegance, and musical genius, and immediately after dinner, when she
+retired to her room, many of the guests would steal upstairs after her,
+and, stationing themselves outside her door, would remain there for
+hours to listen to her singing.</p>
+
+<p>Paul Nicholas's head was completely turned. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196"></a>[<a href="./images/196.png">196</a>]</span>To have such a neighbour,
+with the face and voice of an angel, and yet not to know her! It was
+enough to drive him wild. At last, to every one's surprise, the
+mysterious lady, apparently so exclusive, permitted the advances of a
+very commonplace, middle-aged gentleman with hardly a hair on his head
+and a paunch that was voted quite disgusting.</p>
+
+<p>The friendship between the two ripened fast. In defiance of all
+conventionality, the lady took to sitting out late at night with her
+elderly admirer, and, with an absolute disregard of decorum, accompanied
+him on long excursions. Finally, she went away with him altogether. On
+the occasion of this latter event every one in the hotel heaved a sigh
+of relief, saving Paul.</p>
+
+<p>Paul was disconsolate. He stayed on, hovering about the places she had
+most frequented, and hoping to see in every fresh arrival at the hotel
+his adored one come back. His pitiable condition gained no sympathy.</p>
+
+<p>"Silly fellow!" was the general comment. "He is desperately in love! And
+with such a creature! What an idiot!"</p>
+
+<p>But Paul's patience was at length rewarded, his devotion apparently
+justified, for the lady returned, unaccompanied; and so great was the
+charm of her personality that within two days of her reappearance she
+had completely <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197"></a>[<a href="./images/197.png">197</a>]</span>won back the hearts of her fellow-guests. Again every
+one raved of her.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, Paul Nicholas became more enamoured than ever. He bought a
+guitar, and composed love lyrics&mdash;which he sang outside her door, from
+morning till night, with all that wealth of tenderness so uniquely
+expressible in a human voice&mdash;but it was all in vain. For the lady,
+whose name had at last leaked out&mdash;it was Isabelle de Nurrez&mdash;had
+yielded to the attentions of another stout, middle-aged gentleman, with
+whom in due course she departed.</p>
+
+<p>This was too much even for her most ardent admirers. Every guest in the
+hotel protested, and petitioned that she might not be readmitted.</p>
+
+<p>But mine host shook his head with scant apology. "I cannot help it," he
+said. "The lady pays more for her rooms than all the rest of you put
+together, so why should I turn her out? After all, if she likes to have
+many sweethearts, why shouldn't she? It is her own concern, neither
+yours nor mine. It harms no one!"</p>
+
+<p>And some of the guests, seeing logic in their landlord's views,
+remained; others went. As for Paul, he was immeasurably shocked at the
+bad taste of his adored one; but he stayed on, and within a few days, as
+he had fondly hoped, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198"></a>[<a href="./images/198.png">198</a>]</span>the fickle creature returned&mdash;and, as before,
+returned alone. It was then that he resolved on writing to her. With a
+crow-quill almost as fine as the long silky eyelashes of Isabella, on a
+sheet of paper whose border of Cupids, grapes, vases, and roses left
+little&mdash;too little&mdash;space for writing, he indited his letter, which,
+when completed, he sealed with a seal of azure blue wax, bearing the
+device of a dove ready for flight. And so scented was this epistle that
+it perfumed the entire hotel in its transit by means of a servant (well
+paid for the purpose) to mademoiselle's room. Again&mdash;this time for an
+endless amount of trouble and expense&mdash;Paul was rewarded. When next he
+met mademoiselle, and an opportune moment arrived, she looked at him,
+and as her lovely eyes scanned his manly, if somewhat portly figure, she
+smiled&mdash;smiled a smile of satisfaction which meant much. Paul Nicholas
+was in ecstasies. He hardly knew how to contain himself; he sighed,
+radiated, and wriggled about to such an extent that the attention of
+every one in the place was directed to him; whereupon Mlle de Nurrez
+turned very red and frowned. Paul's expectations now sank to zero; for
+the rest of the day he was almost too miserable to live. But Mlle de
+Nurrez, no doubt perceiving him to be truly penitent for having so
+embarrassed her, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199"></a>[<a href="./images/199.png">199</a>]</span>forgave him, and on his way to dinner he received a
+note in her own pretty handwriting giving him permission to make her
+acquaintance without any further introduction. The way thus paved,
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, overjoyed, lost no time in seeking out the lady.
+She was singing a wild sweet song as he entered her sitting-room, and
+her back, turned to the door, gave him an opportunity of observing, as
+she leant over her guitar, the most exquisite shoulders and the
+prettiest-shaped head in the world. With graceful confusion she rose to
+greet him, and her long eyelashes fell over eyes black and brilliant as
+those that awakened the furore of two continents&mdash;the eyes of Lola
+Montez. She was dressed in white; her rich dark hair was held in place
+with combs of gold; her girdle was of gold, and so also were the massive
+bracelets on her arms, which&mdash;so perfect was their symmetry&mdash;might well
+have been fashioned by a sculptor.</p>
+
+<p>Monsieur Paul Nicholas, with the air of a prince, escorted her to the
+dining-room; and over champagne, coffee, and liqueurs their friendship
+grew apace. Some hours later, when ensconced together in a cosy retreat
+on the terrace, and the fast disappearing lights in the hotel windows
+warned them it would soon be prudent to retire, Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed
+with a sigh:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200"></a>[<a href="./images/200.png">200</a>]</span>"You have told me so much about yourself, whilst I&mdash;I have told you
+nothing in return. Alas! I have a history. My parents are dead&mdash;my
+mother died when I was a baby, and my father, who was a very wealthy
+man&mdash;having accumulated his money in the business of a cork merchant
+which he carried on for years in Portugal&mdash;died just six months ago. He
+was on a voyage for his health in the Mediterranean, when he formed an
+acquaintance with a young Hindu, Prince Dajarah who soon acquired
+unbounded influence over him. My father died on this voyage, and&mdash;God
+forgive my suspicions!&mdash;but his death was strange and sudden. On opening
+his will, it was found that all his property was left to me&mdash;but only on
+the condition that I married Prince Dajarah."</p>
+
+<p>"Marry a black man! Mon Dieu, how terrible!" Paul Nicholas cried.</p>
+
+<p>"You are right. It was terrible!" Mlle de Nurrez went on. "And if I
+refused to marry Prince Dajarah, he, according to the will, would
+inherit everything. Well, Prince Dajarah was persistent; he declared
+that it was my duty to marry him, to fulfil my father's dying wish. It
+was in vain that I implored his mercy&mdash;that I told him I could never
+return his affections. And at last, finding that upon Prince Dajarah
+neither <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201"></a>[<a href="./images/201.png">201</a>]</span>remonstrance nor reproach had any effect, I fled to a town some
+ten miles distant from this hotel, taking with me what money and
+jewellery I possessed.</p>
+
+<p>"Alas! he soon discovered my whereabouts, and with the sole object of
+continuing his persecution of me, speedily established himself in the
+house&mdash;which, unfortunately for me, happened to be vacant&mdash;next to mine.
+My money is nearly exhausted, I have no resources, and unless some one
+intervenes, some one brave and fearless, some one who really loves me, I
+shall undoubtedly be forced into a marriage with this odious wretch.
+Heavens, the bare idea of it is poisonous! You remember the two men who
+paid such marked attentions to me a short time ago?"</p>
+
+<p>Paul Nicholas nodded. His emotion was such he could not speak.</p>
+
+<p>"They both imagined they were in love with me. They swore they would
+confront the black tyrant and kill him; but when they were put to the
+test&mdash;when I took them and pointed him out to them&mdash;they went white as a
+sheet, and&mdash;fled."</p>
+
+<p>"Why torture me thus?" Paul Nicholas cried. "Tell me&mdash;only tell me what
+it is you want me to do!"</p>
+
+<p>"Do you love me?"</p>
+
+<p>"More than my life."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202"></a>[<a href="./images/202.png">202</a>]</span>"More than your soul?"</p>
+
+<p>"More than my soul."</p>
+
+<p>"Will you save me from a fate more horrible than death?"</p>
+
+<p>"If I go to Hell for you&mdash;yes!" Paul said, gazing on a face lovely as a
+dream.</p>
+
+<p>"You must come with me to his house to-morrow then! You must come armed.
+You must kill him."</p>
+
+<p>"Kill him!" Paul cried, turning pale.</p>
+
+<p>"Well?"</p>
+
+<p>"But it will be murder&mdash;assassination."</p>
+
+<p>"Murder, to kill him&mdash;a tyrant&mdash;a black man! Bah! Are you too a coward?"
+And she sprang to her feet, the veins swelling on her white brow, her
+cheeks colouring, her eyes flashing fire, as if she, at least, knew not
+the meaning of fear. "Sooner than let such a wretch inherit my father's
+wealth," she cried out, "I will kill him myself&mdash;kill him, or perish in
+the attempt."</p>
+
+<p>Paul Nicholas encountered the earnest gaze of her large, bright eyes,
+the pleading of her beautiful mouth, and the sweetness of her breath
+fanned his nostrils. A terrific wave of passion swept over him. He loved
+as he had never loved before&mdash;as he had never deemed it possible to
+love: and in his mad worship of the woman he believed to be as pure as
+she was fair, he forgot that the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203"></a>[<a href="./images/203.png">203</a>]</span>devil hides safest where he is least
+suspected. Seizing her small white hands in his, he swore upon them to
+do her will; and he would have gone on making all sorts of wild,
+impassioned speeches had not Mlle de Nurrez reminded him that it was
+past locking-up time.</p>
+
+<p>She crossed the main hall of the hotel with him, and as she turned to
+bid him good night prior to ascending to her quarters, her eyes met
+his&mdash;met his in one long, lingering glance that he assured himself could
+only have meant love.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning the guests in the hotel received another shock. Mlle de
+Nurrez had gone off again&mdash;this time with Monsieur Paul Nicholas&mdash;that
+good-looking, well-to-do young man, at whom all the matrons with
+marriageable daughters had in vain cast longing eyes.</p>
+
+<p>Now, although Paul Nicholas had little knowledge of geography, he could
+not help remarking, as he journeyed with Mlle Nurrez, that their route
+was in an exactly opposite direction to that leading to the town which
+his companion had named to him as her place of residence. He pointed out
+his difficulty, but Mlle de Nurrez only laughed.</p>
+
+<p>"Wait!" she said. "Wait and see. We shall get there all right. You must
+trust to my wit."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204"></a>[<a href="./images/204.png">204</a>]</span>Paul Nicholas made no further comment. He was already in the seventh
+heaven&mdash;that was enough for him; and leaning back, he continued gazing
+at her profile.</p>
+
+<p>The afternoon passed away, the sun sank, and night and its shadows moved
+solemnly on them. Gradually the roadside trees became distinguishable
+only as deeper masses of shadow, and Paul Nicholas could only tell they
+were trees by the peculiar sodden odour that, from time to time,
+sluggishly flowed in at the open window of the carriage. Of necessity,
+they were proceeding slowly&mdash;the road was for the most part uphill, and
+the horses, though tough and hardy natives of the mountains, had begun
+to show signs of flagging. They did not pass by a soul, and even the
+sighs of astonished cattle, whose ruminating slumbers they had routed,
+at last became events of the greatest rarity. At each yard they advanced
+the wildness of the country increased, and although the landscape was
+hidden, its influence was felt. Paul Nicholas knew, as well as if he had
+seen them, that he was in the presence of grotesque, isolated boulders,
+wide patches of bare, desolate soil, gaunt trees, and profound
+straggling fissures.</p>
+
+<p>Being so long confined in a limited space, although in that space was a
+paradise, he felt the exquisite agony of cramp, and when, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205"></a>[<a href="./images/205.png">205</a>]</span>after sundry
+attempts to stretch himself, he at length found a position that afforded
+him temporary relief, it was only to become aware of a more refined
+species of torture. The springs of the carriage rising and falling
+regularly, produced a rhythmical beat, which began to painfully absorb
+his attention, and to slowly merge into a senseless echo of one of his
+observations to Mlle de Nurrez. And when he was becoming reconciled to
+this inferno, another forced itself upon him. How quiet the driver was!
+Was there any driver? He couldn't see any. Possibly, nay, probably&mdash;why
+not?&mdash;the driver was lying gagged and bound on the roadside, and a
+bandit, one of the notorious Spanish bandits, against whom his friends
+in Paris had so emphatically warned him, was on the box driving him to
+his obscure lair in the heart of the mountains. Or was the original
+driver himself a bandit, and the beautiful girl reclining on the
+cushions a bandit's daughter? He dozed, and on coming to his waking
+senses again, discovered that the darkness had slightly lifted. He could
+see the distant horizon, defined by inky woods, outlined on a lighter
+sky. A few stars, scattered here and there in this tableau, whilst
+emphasizing the vastness of the space overhead&mdash;a vastness that was
+positively annihilating&mdash;at the same time conveyed a sense of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206"></a>[<a href="./images/206.png">206</a>]</span>solitude
+and loneliness, in perfect harmony with the trees, and rocks, and
+gorges. The effect was only transitory, for with a suddenness almost
+reminding one of stage mechanism, the moon burst through its temporary
+covering of clouds, and in a moment the whole country-side was illumined
+with a soft white glow. It was a warm night, and the breeze that rolled
+down from the mountain peaks, so remote and passionless, was charged to
+overflowing with resinous odours, mingled with which, and just strong
+enough to be recognizable, was the faint, pungent smell of decay. A
+couple of hares, looking somewhat ashamed of themselves, sprang into
+upright positions, and with frightened whisks of their tails disappeared
+into a clump of ferns. With a startled hiss a big snake drew back under
+cover of a boulder, and a hawk, balked of its prey by the sudden
+brilliant metamorphosis, uttered an indignant croak. But none of these
+protests against the moon's innocent behaviour were heeded by Paul
+Nicholas, whose whole attention was riveted on a large sombre building
+standing close by the side of the road. At the first glimpse of the
+place, so huge, grim, and silent, he was seized with a sensation of
+absolute terror. Nothing mortal could surely inhabit such a house. The
+dark, frowning walls and vacant, eye-like <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207"></a>[<a href="./images/207.png">207</a>]</span>windows threw back a thousand
+shadows, and suggested as many eerie fancies&mdash;fancies that were
+corroborated by a few rank sedges and two or three white trunks of
+decayed trees that rose up on either side of the building; but of
+life&mdash;human life&mdash;there was not the barest suspicion.</p>
+
+<p>"What a nightmare of a house!" Paul Nicholas exclaimed, gazing with a
+shudder upon the remodelled and inverted images of the grey sedge, the
+ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant, eye-like windows in a black and
+lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre along the edge of the wood.</p>
+
+<p>"It's where he lives!" Mlle de Nurrez whispered.</p>
+
+<p>"What! do you mean to say that it is to this house you have brought me?"
+Paul shrieked. "To this awful, deserted ghostly mansion! Why have you
+lied to me?"</p>
+
+<p>"I was afraid you wouldn't care to come if I described the place too
+accurately," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Forgive me&mdash;and pity me, too, for it
+is here that Prince Dajarah would have me spend my life."</p>
+
+<p>Paul trembled.</p>
+
+<p>"For God's sake, don't desert me!" Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed, laying her
+hand softly on his shoulder. "Think of the terrible fate that will
+befall me! Think of your promises, your vows!"</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208"></a>[<a href="./images/208.png">208</a>]</span>But Paul Nicholas did not respond all at once. His brain was in a
+whirl. He had been deceived, cruelly deceived! And with what motive? Was
+Mlle de Nurrez's explanation genuine? Could there be anything genuine
+about a girl who told an untruth? Once a liar always a liar! Did not
+that maxim hold good? Was it not one he had heard repeatedly from
+childhood? What should he do? What could he do? He was here, alone with
+this woman and her coachman, in one of the wildest and most outlandish
+regions of Spain. God alone knew where! To attempt to return would be
+hopeless&mdash;sheer imbecility; he would most certainly get lost on the
+mountains, and perish from hunger and thirst, or fall over some
+precipice, or into the jaws of a bear; or, at all events, come to some
+kind of an untimely end. No! there was no alternative, he must remain
+and trust in Mlle de Nurrez. But the house was appalling; he did not
+like looking at it, and the bare thought of its interior froze his
+blood. Then he awoke to the fact that she was still addressing him, that
+her soft hands were lying on his, that her beautiful eyes were gazing
+entreatingly at him, that her full ripe lips were within a few inches of
+his own. The moon lent her its glamour, and his old love reasserting
+itself with quick, tempestuous force, he drew her into his arms and
+kissed her <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209"></a>[<a href="./images/209.png">209</a>]</span>repeatedly. Some minutes later and they had crossed the
+threshold of the mansion. All was as he had pictured it&mdash;grim and
+hushed, and bathed in moonbeams.</p>
+
+<p>The coachman led the way, and with muffled, stealthy footstep conducted
+them across dark halls and along intricate passages, up long and winding
+staircases&mdash;all bare and cold; through vast gloomy rooms, the walls and
+floors of which were of black oak, the former richly carved, and in
+places hung with ancient tapestry, displaying the most grotesque and
+startling devices. The windows, long, narrow, and pointed, with
+trellised panes, were at so great a height from the ground that the
+light was limited, and whilst certain spots were illuminated, many of
+the remoter angles and recesses were left in total darkness. Monsieur
+Paul Nicholas did not attempt to explore. At each step he took he fully
+anticipated a something, too dreadful to imagine, would spring out on
+him. The rustling of drapery and the rattling of phantasmagoric armorial
+trophies, in response to the vibration of their footsteps, made his hair
+stand on end, and he was reduced to a state of the most abject terror
+long before they arrived at their destination.</p>
+
+<p>At last he was ushered into a small, bare, dimly lighted room. From the
+centre of the ceiling was suspended an oil lamp, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210"></a>[<a href="./images/210.png">210</a>]</span>immediately under
+it was a marble table. Walls and floor were composed of rough uncovered
+granite. The atmosphere was fetid, and tainted with the same peculiar,
+pungent odour noticeable outside.</p>
+
+<p>"This is the room," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Prince Dajarah will be here in
+a minute. Have you your pistol ready?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, see!" and Paul Nicholas pulled it out from his coat-pocket and
+showed it her.</p>
+
+<p>"Have you any other weapons?" she asked, examining it curiously.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, a sheath-knife," Paul Nicholas replied a trifle nervously.</p>
+
+<p>"Let me look at it," Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed. "I have a weakness for
+knives&mdash;a rather uncommon trait in a woman, isn't it?"</p>
+
+<p>He handed it to her, and she fingered the blade cautiously. Then with a
+sudden movement she leaped away from him.</p>
+
+<p>"Fool!" she cried. "Do you think I could ever love a man as fat as you?
+The story I told you was a lie from beginning to end. I don't remember
+either of my parents&mdash;my mother ran away from home when I was two, and
+my father died the following year. I married entirely of my own free
+will&mdash;married the man I loved, and he&mdash;happened to be a werwolf!"</p>
+
+<p>"A werwolf!" Paul Nicholas shrieked. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211"></a>[<a href="./images/211.png">211</a>]</span>"God help me! I thought there were
+no such things!"</p>
+
+<p>"Not in France, perhaps," Mlle de Nurrez said derisively; "but in Spain,
+in the Pyrenees, many! At certain times of the year my husband won't
+touch animal food, and if I didn't procure him human flesh he would die
+of starvation, or in sheer despair eat me. Here he is."</p>
+
+<p>And as she spoke the door opened, and on the threshold stood a
+singularly handsome young man clad in the gay uniform of a Carlist
+general.</p>
+
+<p>"Capital!" he exclaimed, as his eyes fell on Paul. "Magnificent! He is
+quite as fat as the other two. How clever of you, darling!" and throwing
+his arms round her, he embraced her tenderly. A few seconds later and he
+suddenly thrust her from him.</p>
+
+<p>"Quick! quick!" he cried. "Run away, darling! run away instantly. I can
+feel myself changing!" and he pushed her gently to the door.</p>
+
+<p>Mlle de Nurrez took one glance at Paul as she left the room. "Poor
+fool!" she said, half pityingly, half mockingly. "Poor fat fool! Though
+you may no longer believe in women you will certainly believe in
+werwolves&mdash;now." And as the door slammed after her, the wildest of
+shrieks from within demonstrated that, for once in her life, Mlle de
+Nurrez had spoken the truth.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212"></a>[<a href="./images/212.png">212</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">B</span>ELGIUM abounds in stories of werwolves, all more or less of the same
+type. As in France, the werwolf, in Belgium, is not restricted to one
+sex, but is, in an equal proportion, common to both.</p>
+
+<p>By far the greater number of werwolfery cases in this country are to be
+met with amongst the sand-dunes on the sea coast. They also occur in the
+district of the Sambre; but I have never heard of any lycanthropous
+streams or pools in Belgium, nor yet of any wolf-producing flowers, such
+as are, at times, found in the Balkan Peninsula.</p>
+
+<p>Though the property of lycanthropy here as elsewhere has been acquired
+through the invocation of spirits&mdash;the ceremony being much the same as
+that described in an earlier chapter&mdash;nearly all the cases of werwolfery
+in Belgium are hereditary.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213"></a>[<a href="./images/213.png">213</a>]</span>In Belgium, as in other Roman Catholic countries, great faith is
+attached to exorcism, and for the expulsion of every sort of "evil
+spirit" various methods of exorcism are employed. For example, a werwolf
+is sprinkled with a compound either of 1/2 ounce of sulphur, 4 drachms
+of asaf&oelig;tida, 1/4 ounce of castoreum; or of 3/4 ounce of hypericum in
+3 ounces of vinegar; or with a solution of carbolic acid further diluted
+with a pint of clear spring water. The sprinkling must be done over the
+head and shoulders, and the werwolf must at the same time be addressed
+in his Christian name. But as to the success or non-success of these
+various methods of exorcism I cannot make any positive statement. I have
+neither sufficient evidence to affirm their efficacy nor to deny it. Rye
+and mistletoe are considered safeguards against werwolves, as is also a
+sprig from a mountain ash. This latter tree, by the way, attracts evil
+spirits in some countries&mdash;Ireland, India, Spain, for instance&mdash;and
+repels them in others. It was held in high esteem, as a preservative
+against phantasms and witches, by the Druids, and it may to this day be
+seen growing, more frequently than any other, in the neighbourhood of
+Druidical circles, both in Great Britain and on the Continent.</p>
+
+<p>In many parts of Belgium the peasantry would not consider their house
+safe unless a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214"></a>[<a href="./images/214.png">214</a>]</span>mountain ash were growing within a few feet of it.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">A Case of Werwolves in the Ardennes</p>
+
+<p>A case of werwolfery is reported to have happened, not so long ago, in
+the Ardennes. A young man, named Bernard Vernand, was returning home one
+night from his work in the fields, when his dog suddenly began to bark
+savagely, whilst its hair stood on end. The next moment there was a
+crackle in the hedge by the roadside, and three trampish-looking men
+slouched out. They looked at Vernand, and, remarking that it was
+beautiful weather, followed closely at his heels.</p>
+
+<p>Vernand noticed that the eyebrows of all three met in a point over their
+noses, a peculiarity which gave them a very singular and unpleasant
+appearance. When he quickened his pace, they quickened theirs; whilst
+his dog still continued to bark and show every indication of excessive
+fear. In this way they all four proceeded till they came to a very dark
+spot in the road, where the trees nearly met overhead. The sound of
+their footsteps then suddenly ceased, and Vernand, peeping stealthily
+round, perceived to his horror lurid eyes&mdash;that were not the eyes of
+human beings&mdash;glaring after him. His dog took to its heels and fled,
+and, ignominious though he felt it to be, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215"></a>[<a href="./images/215.png">215</a>]</span>Vernand followed suit. The
+next moment there was a chorus of piercing whines, and a loud pattering
+of heavy feet announced the fact that he was pursued.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately Vernand was a fast runner&mdash;he had carried off many prizes in
+races at the village fair&mdash;and now that he was running for his life, he
+went like the wind.</p>
+
+<p>But his pursuers were fleet of foot, too, and, despite his pace, they
+gradually gained on him. Happily for Vernand, he retained a certain
+amount of presence of mind, and possessing rather more wit than many of
+the peasants, he suddenly bethought him of a possible avenue of escape.
+In a conversation with the pastor of the village some months before, the
+latter had told him how an old woman had once escaped from a wode<a name="FNanchor_215:1_5" id="FNanchor_215:1_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_215:1_5" class="fnanchor">[215:1]</a>
+by climbing up a mountain ash. And if, reasoned Vernand, the ash is a
+protection against one form of evil spirits, why not against another? He
+recollected that there was an ash-tree close at hand, and diverting his
+course, he instantly headed for it. Not a moment too soon. As he swarmed
+up the slender trunk, his pursuers&mdash;three monstrous werwolves&mdash;came to a
+dead halt at the foot of the tree. However, after giving vent to the
+disappointment of losing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216"></a>[<a href="./images/216.png">216</a>]</span>their supper in a series of prodigious howls,
+they veered round and bounded off, doubtless in pursuit of a less
+knowing prey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">A Similar Case near Waterloo</p>
+
+<p>A similar case once happened to a young man when returning from Quatre
+Bras to Waterloo. He was attacked by three werwolves and saved himself
+by leaping into a rye-field.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">A Case on the Sand-dunes</p>
+
+<p>The following story of werwolfery is of traditional authenticity only:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Von Grumboldt, a young man of good appearance, and his sweetheart, Nina
+Gosset, were out walking together one evening on the sand-dunes near
+Nina's home, when Von Grumboldt uttered an exclamation of astonishment,
+and bending down, picked up something which he excitedly showed to Nina.
+It was a girdle composed of dark, plaited hair fastened with a plain
+gold buckle. To the young man's surprise Nina shrank away from it.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh!" she cried, "don't touch it! I don't know why&mdash;but it gives me such
+a horrid impression. I'm sure there is an unpleasant history attached to
+it."</p>
+
+<p>"Pooh!" Von Grumboldt said laughingly; "that's only your fancy. I think
+it would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217"></a>[<a href="./images/217.png">217</a>]</span>look remarkably well round your waist," and he made pretence
+to encircle her with it.</p>
+
+<p>Nina, turning very white, fainted, and Von Grumboldt, who was really
+very much in love with her, was greatly alarmed. He ran to a brook,
+fetched some water, and sprinkled her forehead with it. To his intense
+relief his sweetheart soon came to. As soon as she could speak she
+implored him, as he valued her life, on no account to touch her with the
+girdle. To this request Von Grumboldt readily assented, and whistling to
+his dog&mdash;a big collie&mdash;in spite of Nina's protests and the animal's
+frantic struggles, he playfully fastened the belt round the creature's
+body. Then turning to Nina he began: "Doesn't Nippo (that was the
+collie's name) look fine&mdash;&mdash;" and suddenly left off. The expression in
+Nina's eyes made his blood run cold.</p>
+
+<p>"For Heaven's sake," he cried, "what is it? What's the matter?"</p>
+
+<p>White as death again, Nina pointed a finger, and Von Grumboldt, looking
+in the direction she indicated, saw&mdash;not Nippo, but an awful-looking
+thing in Nippo's place&mdash;a big black object, partly dog and partly some
+other animal, that grew and grew until, within a few seconds, it had
+grown to at least thrice Nippo's size. With a hideous howl it rushed at
+Von Grumboldt. The latter, though a strong <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218"></a>[<a href="./images/218.png">218</a>]</span>athletic young man, was
+speedily overcome, and being dashed to the ground, would soon have been
+torn to pieces had not Nina, recovering from a temporary helplessness,
+come to the rescue.</p>
+
+<p>Catching hold of the girdle round the creature's body, she unclasped the
+buckle, and in a trice the evil thing had vanished; and there was Nippo,
+his own self, standing before them.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a werwolf belt!" Nina exclaimed, throwing it away from her. "You
+see, I was right; it is devilish, and no doubt belongs to some one near
+here who practises Black Magic&mdash;Mad Valerie, perhaps. This cross that I
+wear round my neck, which is made of yew, no doubt warned me of this
+danger and so saved me from an awful fate. You smile!&mdash;but I am certain
+of it. The yew-tree is just as efficacious in the case of evil spirits
+as the ash!"</p>
+
+<p>"What shall we do with the beastly thing?" Von Grumboldt asked. "It
+doesn't seem right to leave it here, in case some one else, with less
+sense than you, should find it and a dreadful catastrophe result."</p>
+
+<p>"We must burn it," Nina said. "That's the only way of getting rid of the
+evil influence. Let us do so at once."</p>
+
+<p>Von Grumboldt was nothing loath, and in a few minutes all that remained
+of the lycanthropous girdle was a tiny heap of ashes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219"></a>[<a href="./images/219.png">219</a>]</span>To burn the object to which the lycanthropous property is attached is
+the only recognized method of destroying that property. I have had many
+proofs, too, of the efficacy of burning in the case of superphysical
+influences other than lycanthropy; such, for example, as haunted
+furniture, trees, and buildings; and I am quite sure the one and only
+way to get rid of an occult presence attached to any particular object
+is to burn that object.</p>
+
+<p>I have been told of "burning" having been successfully practised in the
+following cases:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p><i>Case No. 1.</i>&mdash;A barrow in the North of England that had long
+been haunted by a Barrowian order of Elemental. (The barrow
+was excavated, and when the remains therein had been burnt,
+the hauntings ceased.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Case No. 2.</i>&mdash;A cave in Wales haunted by the phantasm of a
+horse, though, whether the real spirit of the horse or merely
+an Elemental I cannot say. (On the soil in the cave being
+excavated, and the several skeletons, presumably of
+prehistoric animals, found being burnt, there were no longer
+any disturbances.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Case No. 3.</i>&mdash;A house in London containing an oak chest,
+attached to which was the phantasm of an old woman, who used
+to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220"></a>[<a href="./images/220.png">220</a>]</span>disturb the inmates of the place nightly. (On the chest
+being burnt she was seen no more.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Case No. 4.</i>&mdash;A tree in Ireland, haunted every night by a
+Vagrarian. (Immediately after the tree had been burnt the
+manifestations ceased.)</p></div>
+
+<p>Burial is a great mistake. As long as a single bone remains, the spirit
+of the dead person may still be attracted to it, and consequently remain
+earthbound; but when the corpse is cremated, and the ashes scattered
+abroad, then the spirit is set free. And, for this reason alone, I
+advocate cremation as the best method possible of dealing with a corpse.</p>
+
+<p>Before concluding this chapter on the werwolf in Belgium, let me add
+that werwolfery was not the only form of lycanthropy in that country.
+According to Grimm, in his "Deutsche Sagen," two warlocks who were
+executed in the year 1810 at Li&eacute;ge for having, under the form of
+werwolves, killed and eaten several children, had as their colleague a
+boy of twelve years of age. The boy, in the form of a raven, consumed
+those portions of the prey which the warlocks left.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Werwolves in the Netherlands</p>
+
+<p>Cases of werwolves are of less frequent occurrence in Holland than in
+either France <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221"></a>[<a href="./images/221.png">221</a>]</span>or Belgium. Also, they are almost entirely restricted to
+the male sex.</p>
+
+<p>Exorcism here is seldom practised, the working of a spell being the
+usual means employed for getting rid of the evil property. The procedure
+in working the spell is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>First of all, a night when the moon is in the full is selected. Then at
+twelve o'clock the werwolf is seized, securely bound, and taken to an
+isolated spot. Here, a circle of about seven feet in diameter is
+carefully inscribed on the ground, and in the exact centre of it the
+werwolf is placed, and so fastened that he cannot possibly get away.
+Then three girls&mdash;always girls&mdash;come forward armed with ash twigs with
+which they flog him most unmercifully, calling out as they do so:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Greywolf ugly, greywolf old,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Do at once as you are told.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Leave this man and fly away&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Right away, far away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Where 'tis night and never day."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>They keep on repeating these words and whipping him; and it is not until
+the face, back, and limbs of the werwolf are covered with blood that
+they desist.</p>
+
+<p>The oldest person present then comes forward and gives the werwolf a
+hearty kick, saying as he (or she) does so:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222"></a>[<a href="./images/222.png">222</a>]</span>
+<span class="i0">"Go, fly, away to the sky;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Devil of greywolf, thee we defy.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Out, out, with a howl and yell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">'Twill carry thee faster and surer to hell."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Every one present then dips a cup or mug in a concoction of sulphur,
+tar, vinegar, and castoreum, just removed from boiling-point, and,
+forming a circle round the werwolf, they souse him all over with this
+unpleasant and painfully hot mixture, calling out as they do so:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3qt">"Away, away, shoo, shoo, shoo!<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">Do you think we care a jot for you?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We'll whip thee again, with a crack, crack, crack!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scourge thee and beat thee till thou art black;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fool of a greywolf, we have thee at last,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Back to thy hell home, out of him fast&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i5">Fast, fast, fast!<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Our patience won't last.<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">We'll scratch thee, we'll prick thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">We'll prod thee, we'll scald thee.<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Fast, fast, out of him, fast!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>They keep on shouting these words over and over again till the liquid
+has given out and the clock strikes one; when, with a final blow or kick
+at the prostrate werwolf, they run away.</p>
+
+<p>The evil spirit is then said to leave the man, who quickly recovers his
+proper shape, and with a loud cry of joy rushes after his friends and
+relations.</p>
+
+<p>When the Spaniards invaded Holland they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223"></a>[<a href="./images/223.png">223</a>]</span>resorted to a surer, if a
+somewhat more drastic, mode of getting rid of lycanthropy&mdash;they burned
+the subject possessed of it.</p>
+
+<p>One of the best known cases of a werwolf in the Netherlands is as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>A young man, whilst on his way to a shooting match at Rousse, was
+suddenly startled by hearing loud screams for help proceeding from a
+field a few yards distant. To jump a dike and scramble over a low wall
+was but the work of a few seconds, and in less time than it takes to
+tell, the young man, whose name was Van Renner, found himself face to
+face with a huge grey wolf. Quick as thought, he fitted an arrow to his
+bow, and shot. The missile struck the wolf in the side, and with a howl
+of pain the wounded creature turned tail and fled for his life.</p>
+
+<p>All might now have ended like some delightful romance, for the rescued
+one proved to be an exceedingly attractive maiden, with bright yellow
+hair and big blue eyes; but unfortunately&mdash;or perhaps fortunately, who
+knows?&mdash;the girl had a husband, and Van Renner a wife; and so, instead
+of the incident being the prelude to a love affair, it was merely an
+occasion for grateful acknowledgment&mdash;and&mdash;farewell. On his return home
+that evening Van Renner was met with an urgent request to visit his
+friend, the Burgomaster. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224"></a>[<a href="./images/224.png">224</a>]</span>He hastened to obey the summons, and found the
+Burgomaster in bed, suffering agonies of pain from a wound which he had
+received in his side some hours previously.</p>
+
+<p>"I can't die without telling you," he whispered, clutching Van Renner by
+the hand. "God help me, I'm a werwolf! I've always been one. It's in my
+family&mdash;it's hereditary. It was your arrow that has wounded me fatally."</p>
+
+<p>Van Renner was too aghast to speak. He was really fond of the
+Burgomaster, and to think of him a werwolf&mdash;well! it was too dreadful to
+contemplate. The dying man gazed eagerly, hungrily, piteously into his
+friend's face.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't say you hate me," he cried. "There is little hope for me, if any,
+in the next world; and in all probability I shall either go direct to
+hell or remain earthbound; but, for God's sake, let me die in the
+knowledge that I leave behind me at least one friend!"</p>
+
+<p>Van Renner tried hard to speak; he made every effort to speak; his lungs
+swelled, his tongue wobbled, the muscles of his lips twitched; but not a
+syllable could he utter&mdash;and the Burgomaster died.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 90%;" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_215:1_5" id="Footnote_215:1_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215:1_5"><span class="label">[215:1]</span></a> A phantom horseman, that goes hunting on certain nights
+in the year, accompanied by phantom dogs. The author has witnessed the
+phenomenon himself.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225"></a>[<a href="./images/225.png">225</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XIV</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">S</span>INCE so much has already been written upon the subject of werwolves in
+Denmark, it is my intention only to touch upon it briefly. It is, I
+believe, generally acknowledged that, at one time, werwolves were to be
+met with almost daily in Denmark, and that they were almost always of
+the male sex; but I can find no records of any particular form of
+exorcism practised by the Danes with the object of getting rid of the
+werwolf, nor of any spell used by them for the same purpose; neither
+does there appear to be, amongst their traditions, any reference to a
+lycanthropous flower or stream. Opinions differ as to whether werwolves
+are yet to be found in Denmark, but, from all I have heard, I am
+inclined to think that they still exist in the more remote districts of
+that country.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226"></a>[<a href="./images/226.png">226</a>]</span>The following case may be regarded as illustrative of a typical Danish
+werwolf:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Peter Andersen, Werwolf</p>
+
+<p>Peter Andersen, who was a werwolf by descent, his ancestors having been
+werwolves for countless generations, fell in love with a beautiful young
+girl named Elisa, and without telling her he was a werwolf, for fear
+that she would give him up, married her.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after his marriage, he was returning home one evening with Elisa
+from a neighbouring fair, where there had been much merrymaking, when,
+suddenly feeling that the metamorphosis was coming on, he got down from
+the cart in which they were driving, and said to his wife, very
+earnestly, "If anything comes towards you, do not be afraid, and do not
+hurt it; merely strike it with your apron." He then ran off at a great
+rate into the fields, leaving Elisa very much surprised and impressed. A
+few minutes afterwards she heard the howl of a wild animal, and, while
+she was holding in the horse and endeavouring to pacify it, a huge grey
+wolf suddenly leaped into the road and sprang at her.</p>
+
+<p>Recollecting what her husband had told her, with wonderful presence of
+mind she whipped off her apron and struck the wolf <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227"></a>[<a href="./images/227.png">227</a>]</span>in the face with it.
+The animal tore at the apron, and biting a piece out of it, turned tail
+and ran away. Some time afterwards Andersen returned, and holding out to
+Elisa the missing piece of her apron, asked if she guessed how he came
+by it.</p>
+
+<p>"Good God, man!" Elisa cried, the pupils of her eyes dilating with
+terror, "it was you! I know it by the expression in your face. Heaven
+preserve me! You're a werwolf!"</p>
+
+<p>"I was a werwolf," Peter said, "but thanks to your brave action in
+throwing the apron in my face, I am one no longer. I know I did wrong in
+not telling you of my misfortune before we were married, but I dreaded
+the idea of losing you. Forgive me, forgive me, I implore you!" and
+Elisa, after some slight hesitation, granted his request.</p>
+
+<p>This method of getting rid of the lycanthropous spirit seems to have
+been (and still to be) the one most in vogue in Denmark.</p>
+
+<p>Another well-known story, of a similar kind, is to the effect that while
+a party of haymakers were at work in a field, a man, who, like Andersen,
+had kept the fact of his being a werwolf from his family, feeling that
+he was about to be transmuted, gave his son injunctions that if an
+animal approached him he was on no account to hurt it, but merely to
+throw his hat at it. The boy promising <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228"></a>[<a href="./images/228.png">228</a>]</span>to obey, the father hastily left
+the field. Some minutes later a grey wolf appeared, swimming a stream.
+It rushed at the boy, who, mad with terror, forgot his father's
+instructions, and struck at it with a pitchfork.</p>
+
+<p>The prongs of the fork, entering the wolf's side, pierced its heart; and
+transmutation again taking place, to the horror of all present there lay
+on the ground, not the body of a beast, but the corpse of the boy's
+father.</p>
+
+<p>In Denmark it is said that if a woman stretches between four sticks the
+membrane of a newly born foal, and creeps through it naked, she will
+bring forth children without pain, but all the boys will be werwolves
+and the girls maras.</p>
+
+<p>As is the case with the werwolf of other countries, the Danish werwolf
+retains its human form by day; but after sunset, unlike the werwolf of
+any other nationality, it sometimes adopts the shape of a dog on three
+legs before it finally metamorphoses into a wolf.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to these methods (alluded to above) of expelling a
+lycanthropous spirit in Denmark, there may be added that of addressing
+the obsessed person as a werwolf and reproaching him roundly. But as I
+have no proof of the effectiveness of this crude mode of exorcism, I
+cannot commit myself to any verdict with regard to it.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229"></a>[<a href="./images/229.png">229</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="sectctrsc">Maras</p>
+
+<p>The mara, to which I have briefly alluded in a foregoing chapter, is to
+be met with in Denmark almost as often as the werwolf; and the
+superphysical property, characteristic of the mara no less than of the
+werwolf, justifies me in a somewhat detailed description of the former
+here.</p>
+
+<p>A mara is popularly understood to be a woman by day and at night a
+spirit that torments human beings and horses by sitting astride them and
+causing them nightmare.</p>
+
+<p>In the main I agree with this definition; though I am inclined to think
+that the mara is, in reality, less hoydenish and more subtle and complex
+than public opinion would have us believe. In all probability maras are
+women who have either inherited or, by the practice of Black Magic,
+acquired the faculty of a certain species of projection&mdash;differing from
+the projection which is common to both sexes in the following points,
+viz., that it can always be accomplished (during certain hours) at will;
+that it is invariably practised with the sole desire to do ill; that the
+projected spirit is fully conscious of all that is happening around it;
+and that it possesses most&mdash;if not all&mdash;of the faculties, motives, and
+nervous susceptibilities of the physical body.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230"></a>[<a href="./images/230.png">230</a>]</span>Whatever may be the character of the mara by day, she is essentially
+mischievous by night&mdash;owing, no doubt, to the fact that this faculty of
+projection has come to her through the occult powers inimical to man.</p>
+
+<p>From the complexity of their nature, maras present the same difficulty
+of classification as werwolves&mdash;both are human, both are Elemental, and
+consequently both are an anomaly.</p>
+
+<p>The belief in maras is still prevalent in all parts of Scandinavia,
+including Jutland, whence comes the following case which I quote for the
+purpose of comparison.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">A Case of a Mara in Jutland</p>
+
+<p>Some reapers in a field, near a village in Jutland, came one evening
+upon a naked woman lying under a hedge, apparently asleep. Much
+surprised, they regarded her closely, and at length coming to the
+conclusion that her sleep was not natural, they summoned a shepherd who
+was generally regarded as very intelligent. On seeing the woman the
+shepherd at once said, "She is not a real person, though she looks like
+one. She is a mara, and has stripped for the purpose of riding some one
+to-night." At this there was loud laughter, and the reapers said, "Tell
+us another, Eric. A mara indeed! If this isn't a woman, our mothers are
+not women, for she is just as much of flesh and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231"></a>[<a href="./images/231.png">231</a>]</span>blood as they are."
+"All right," the shepherd replied, "wait and see." And bending over her,
+he whispered something in her ear, whereupon a queer little animal about
+two inches long came out of the grass, and running up her body,
+disappeared in her mouth. Then Eric pushed her, and she rolled over
+three times, then sprang to her feet, and with a wild startled cry
+leaped a high bush and disappeared. Nor could they, when they ran to the
+other side of the bush, find any traces of her.</p>
+
+<p>Another recorded case is the following:</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Mara of Vilvorde</p>
+
+<p>Christine Jansen had two lovers&mdash;Nielsen and Osdeven. Nielsen, who was a
+very good-looking young man, began to suffer from nightmare. He had the
+most appalling dreams of being strangled and suffocated, and they at
+last grew so frightful, and proved such a strain on his nerves, that he
+was forced to consult a doctor. The doctor attributed the cause to
+indigestion, and prescribed a special diet for him. But it was all of no
+avail; the bad dreams still continued, and Nielsen's health became more
+and more impaired.</p>
+
+<p>At length, when he was almost worn out, having spent the greater part of
+many nights reading instead of sleeping, in order to avoid <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232"></a>[<a href="./images/232.png">232</a>]</span>the
+frightful visions, he happened to mention his insufferable condition to
+Osdeven. Far from ridiculing his rival, Osdeven, with great earnestness,
+encouraged him to relate everything that had happened to him in his
+sleep; and when Nielsen had done so, exclaimed, "I'll tell you what it
+is&mdash;these dreams you have are not ordinary nightmares; they are due to a
+mara&mdash;I know their type well."</p>
+
+<p>"To a mara!" Nielsen cried; "how ridiculous! Why not say to a
+mise&mdash;or&mdash;grim? It would be equally sensible; they are all idle
+superstitions."</p>
+
+<p>"So you say now," Osdeven rejoined, "but wait! When you get into bed
+to-night, lie on your back, and in your right hand hold a sharp knife on
+your breast, the point upwards. Remain in this attitude from between
+eleven o'clock till two, and see what happens."</p>
+
+<p>Nielsen laughed, but all the same decided to do as Osdeven suggested.
+Night came, and, knife in hand, he lay in his bed.</p>
+
+<p>Minutes passed, and nothing happening, he was beginning to think what a
+fool he was for wasting his time thus, when suddenly he perceived
+bending over him the luminous figure of a beautiful nude woman, whom, to
+his utter astonishment, he identified as Christine Jansen&mdash;Christine
+Jansen in all but expression. The expression in the eyes he now looked
+into was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233"></a>[<a href="./images/233.png">233</a>]</span>not human&mdash;it was hellish. The figure got on the bed and was
+in the act of sitting astride him, when it came in contact with the
+knife. Then it uttered a frightful scream of baffled rage and pain, and
+vanished.</p>
+
+<p>Nielsen, shaking with terror and dreading another visitation, struck a
+light. The point of his knife was dripping with blood.</p>
+
+<p>An hour later, overcome with weariness, he fell asleep, and for the
+first time for weeks his slumber was sound and undisturbed. Awaking in
+the morning much refreshed, he would have attributed his experience to
+imagination or to a dream, had it not been for the spots of blood on the
+bedclothes and the stains on his knife, and this evidence, as to the
+reality of what had happened, was strengthened by his discovery of
+certain circumstances in connexion with Miss Jansen, towards whom his
+sentiments had now undergone a complete change.</p>
+
+<p>Curious to learn if anything had befallen her, he made cautious
+inquiries, and was informed that owing to a sudden indisposition&mdash;the
+nature of which was carefully hidden from him&mdash;she had been ordered
+abroad, where, in all probability, she would remain indefinitely.</p>
+
+<p>Nielsen now had no more nightmare, and he and Osdeven, becoming firm
+friends, agreed that the next time they fell in love they would take
+good care it was not with a mara.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234"></a>[<a href="./images/234.png">234</a>]</span>Another method of getting rid of maras was to sprinkle the air with
+sand, at the same time uttering a brief incantation. For example, in a
+village on the borders of Schleswig-Holstein, a woman who suffered
+agonies from nightmare consulted a man locally reported to be well
+versed in occult matters.</p>
+
+<p>"Make your mind easy," said this man, after she had described her dreams
+to him; "I will soon put an end to your disturbances. It is a mara that
+is tormenting you. Don't be frightened if she suddenly manifests herself
+when I sprinkle this sand, for there will be nothing very alarming in
+her appearance, and she won't be able to harm you." He then proceeded to
+scatter several handfuls about the room, repeating as he did so a brief
+incantation.</p>
+
+<p>He was still occupied thus, when, without a moment's warning, the figure
+of a very tall, naked woman appeared crouching on the bed. With a yell
+of rage she leaped on to the floor, her eyes flashing, and her lips
+twitching convulsively; and raising her hands as if she would like to
+scratch the incantator's face to pieces, she rushed furiously at him.</p>
+
+<p>Far from being intimidated, however, he quite coolly dashed a handful of
+sand in her eyes, whereupon she instantly disappeared. "Now," he said,
+turning to the lady, who was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235"></a>[<a href="./images/235.png">235</a>]</span>half dead with terror, "you won't have the
+nightmare again"&mdash;which prophecy proved to be correct.</p>
+
+<p>These instances will, I think, suffice to show the similarity between
+werwolves and maras. Both anomalies are dependent on properties of an
+entirely baneful nature; and both properties are either hereditary,
+having been established in families through the intercourse of those
+families in ages past with the superphysical Powers inimical to man; or
+are capable of being acquired through the practice of Black Magic.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236"></a>[<a href="./images/236.png">236</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XV</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">A</span>S in Denmark, werwolves were once so numerous in Norway and Sweden,
+that these countries naturally came to be regarded as the true home of
+lycanthropy.</p>
+
+<p>With the advent of the tourist, however, and the consequent springing up
+of fresh villages, together with the gradual increase of native
+population, Norway and Sweden have slowly undergone a metamorphosis,
+with the result that it is now only in the most remote districts, such
+as the northern portion of the Kiolen Mountains and the borders of
+Lapland, that werwolves are to be found.</p>
+
+<p>Here, amid the primitive solitude of vast pine forests, flow
+lycanthropous rivers; here, too, grow lycanthropous shrubs and flowers.</p>
+
+<p>Werwolfery in Norway and Sweden is not confined to one sex; it is common
+to both; and in these countries various forms of spells, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237"></a>[<a href="./images/237.png">237</a>]</span>both for
+invoking and expelling lycanthropous spirits, are current.</p>
+
+<p>As far as I can gather, a Norwegian or Swedish peasant, when he wishes
+to become a werwolf, kneels by the side of a lycanthropous stream at
+midnight, having chosen a night when the moon is in the full, and
+incants some such words as these:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Tis night! 'tis night! and the moon shines white<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Over pine and snow-capped hill;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The shadows stray through burn and brae<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And dance in the sparkling rill.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Tis night! 'tis night! and the devil's light<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Casts glimmering beams around.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The maras dance, the nisses prance<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">On the flower-enamelled ground.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Tis night! 'tis night! and the werwolf's might<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Makes man and nature shiver.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Yet its fierce grey head and stealthy tread<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Are nought to thee, oh river!<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">River, river, river.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Oh water strong, that swirls along,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">I prithee a werwolf make me.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Of all things dear, my soul, I swear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">In death shall not forsake thee."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The supplicant then strikes the banks of the river three times with his
+forehead; then dips his head into the river thrice, at each dip gulping
+down a mouthful of the water. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238"></a>[<a href="./images/238.png">238</a>]</span>This concludes the ceremony&mdash;he has
+become a werwolf, and twenty-four hours later will undergo the first
+metamorphosis.</p>
+
+<p>Lycanthropous water is said, by those who dwell near to it, to differ
+from other water in subtle details only&mdash;details that would, in all
+probability, escape the notice of all who were not connoisseurs of the
+superphysical. A strange, faint odour, comparable with nothing,
+distinguishes lycanthropous water; there is a lurid sparkle in it,
+strongly suggestive of some peculiar, individual life; the noise it
+makes, as it rushes along, so closely resembles the muttering and
+whispering of human voices as to be often mistaken for them; whilst at
+night it sometimes utters piercing screams, and howls, and groans, in
+such a manner as to terrify all who pass near it. Dogs and horses, in
+particular, are susceptible to its influence, and they exhibit the
+greatest signs of terror at the mere sound of it.</p>
+
+<p>Another means of becoming a werwolf, resorted to by the Swedish and
+Norwegian peasant, consists in the plucking and wearing of a
+lycanthropous flower after sunset, and on a night when the moon is in
+the full. Lycanthropous flowers, no less than lycanthropous water,
+possess properties peculiar to themselves; properties which are,
+probably, only discernible to those who are well <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239"></a>[<a href="./images/239.png">239</a>]</span>acquainted with them.
+Their scent is described as faint and subtly suggestive of death, whilst
+their sap is rather offensively white and sticky. In appearance they are
+much the same as other flowers, and are usually white and yellow.</p>
+
+<p>Yet another method of acquiring the property of lycanthropy consists in
+making: first, a magic circle on the ground, at twelve o'clock, on a
+night when the moon is in the full (there is no strict rule as to the
+magnitude of the circle, though one of about seven feet in diameter
+would seem to be the size most commonly adopted); then, in the centre of
+the circle, a wood fire, heating thereon an iron vessel containing one
+pint of clear spring water, and any seven of the following ingredients:
+hemlock (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), aloe (30 grains), opium (2 to 4-1/2
+drachms), mandrake (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces), solanum (1/2 ounce), poppy
+seed (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), asaf&oelig;tida (3/4 ounce to 1 ounce), and
+parsley (2 to 3 ounces).</p>
+
+<p>Whilst the mixture is heating, the experimenter prostrates himself in
+front of the fire and prays to the Great Spirit of the Unknown to confer
+on him the property of metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a werwolf. His
+prayers take no one particular form, but are quite extempore; though he
+usually adds to them some such recognised incantation as:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240"></a>[<a href="./images/240.png">240</a>]</span>
+<span class="i0">"Come, spirit so powerful! come, spirit so dread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">From the home of the werwolf, the home of the dead.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Come, give me thy blessing! come, lend me thine ear!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Oh spirit of darkness! oh spirit so drear!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Come, mighty phantom! come, great Unknown!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Come from thy dwelling so gloomy and lone.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Come, I beseech thee; depart from thy lair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">And body and soul shall be thine, I declare.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Haste, haste, haste, horrid spirit, haste!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Speed, speed, speed, scaring spirit, speed!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Fast, fast, fast, fateful spirit, fast!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He then makes the following formal declaration:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I (here insert name) offer to thee, Great Spirit of the Unknown, this
+night (here insert date), my body and soul, on condition that thou
+grantest me, from this night to the hour of my death, the power of
+metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a wolf. I beg, I pray, I implore
+thee&mdash;thee, unparalleled Phantom of Darkness, to make me a werwolf&mdash;a
+werwolf!"&mdash;and striking the ground three times with his forehead, he
+gets up. As soon as the concoction in the vessel is boiling, he dips a
+cup into it, and sprinkles the contents on the ground, repeating the
+action until he has sprinkled the whole interior of the circle.</p>
+
+<p>Then he kneels on the ground close to the fire, and in a loud voice
+cries out, "Come, oh come!" and, if he is fortunate, a phantom <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241"></a>[<a href="./images/241.png">241</a>]</span>suddenly
+manifests itself over the fire. Sometimes the phantom is indefinite&mdash;a
+cylindrical, luminous, pillar-like thing, about seven feet in height,
+having no discernible features; sometimes it assumes a definite shape,
+and appears either as a monstrous hooded figure with a death's head, or
+as a sub-human, sub-animal type of Elemental.</p>
+
+<p>Whatever form the Unknown adopts, it is invariably terrifying. It never
+speaks, but indicates its assent by stretching out an arm, or what
+serves as an arm, and then disappears. It never remains visible for more
+than half a minute. As soon as it vanishes the supplicant, who is always
+half mad with terror, springs from the ground and rushes home&mdash;or
+anywhere to get again within reach of human beings. By the morning,
+however, all his fears have departed; and at sunset he creeps off into
+the forest, or into some equally secluded spot, to experience, for the
+first time, the extraordinary sensations of metamorphosing into a wolf,
+or, perhaps, a semi-wolf, <i>i.e.</i>, a creature half man and half wolf; for
+the degree of metamorphosis varies according to locality. The hour of
+metamorphosis also varies according to locality&mdash;though it is at sunset
+that the change most usually takes place, the transmutation back to man
+generally occurring at dawn.</p>
+
+<p>When a werwolf, in human shape at the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242"></a>[<a href="./images/242.png">242</a>]</span>time, is killed, he sometimes
+(not always) metamorphoses into a wolf, and if in wolf's form at the
+time he is killed he sometimes (not always) metamorphoses into a human
+being&mdash;here again the nature of the transmutation depending on locality.</p>
+
+<p>In certain of the forests of Sweden dwell old women called Vargamors,
+who are closely allied to werwolves, and exercise complete control over
+all the wolves in the neighbourhood, keeping the latter well supplied in
+food. As an illustration of the Vargamor I have chosen the following
+story:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Liso of Soroa</p>
+
+<p>Liso was thoroughly spoilt. Every one had told her how beautiful she was
+from the day she had first learned to walk, and, consequently, it was
+only natural that when she grew up she cared for no one but herself, and
+for nothing so much as gazing at herself in the looking-glass and
+expatiating on the loveliness of her own reflection. As a girl at home
+she was allowed to do precisely what she liked&mdash;neither father nor
+mother, relatives (with one exception) nor friends ever thwarted her;
+and when she married it was the same: her husband bowed down to her, and
+was always ready to indulge her every wish and whim.</p>
+
+<p>She had three children, two boys and a girl, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243"></a>[<a href="./images/243.png">243</a>]</span>whom she occasionally
+condescended to notice; but only when there was nothing else at hand to
+entertain her.</p>
+
+<p>The one person of whom Liso stood in awe was her aunt, a rich old lady
+with distinct views of her own, and a vigorous method of expressing
+them. Now, one of the old lady's peculiar ideas&mdash;at least peculiar in
+Liso's estimation&mdash;was that woman was made to be man's helpmate, and
+that married women should think of their husbands first, their children
+next, and themselves last&mdash;an order of consideration which Liso thought
+was exactly the reverse of what it should be.</p>
+
+<p>Had her aunt been poor, it is quite certain that Liso would have had
+nothing whatsoever to do with her. But circumstances alter cases. This
+aunt was rich, and, moreover, had no one more nearly related to her than
+Liso.</p>
+
+<p>One day, in the depth of winter, Liso received a letter from her aunt
+containing a pressing invitation to start off at once on a visit to the
+latter at Skatea, a small town some twelve miles from Soroa. "Bring your
+children," so the letter ran, "I should so love to see them, and stay
+the night." Liso was greatly annoyed. She had just arranged a meeting
+with one of her numerous lovers, and this invitation upset everything.
+However, as it was of vital importance to her to keep in with her aunt,
+she <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244"></a>[<a href="./images/244.png">244</a>]</span>at once decided to put off her previous engagement and take her
+children to see their rich old relative.</p>
+
+<p>Hoping that her lover might perhaps join her on the road and thus
+convert a boring journey into a pleasant pastime, Liso, in spite of her
+husband's entreaties, refused to take a servant, and insisted upon
+driving herself. As she had anticipated, her lover met her on the
+outskirts of the town, but, to her chagrin, was unable to accompany her
+any part of the way to Skatea. He was most profuse in his apologies,
+adding, "I wish you weren't going; I hear the road you will be
+traversing is infested with bears and wolves."</p>
+
+<p>"Thank you!" she exclaimed mockingly, "I am not afraid, if you are. I
+can quite understand now why you cannot come. Good-bye!" And with a
+haughty inclination of her head she drove off, without deigning to
+notice the young man's outstretched hand. Liso was now in a very bad
+temper; and, having no other means of venting it, savagely silenced the
+children whenever they attempted to speak.</p>
+
+<p>The vehicle in which the party travelled was a light sledge, drawn by
+one horse only&mdash;a beast of matchless beauty and size, which, under
+ordinary circumstances, could cover twelve miles in an almost
+inconceivably short space of time. But now, owing to a heavy fall of
+snow, the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245"></a>[<a href="./images/245.png">245</a>]</span>track, though well beaten, was heavy, and the piled-up snow
+on each side so deep that to turn back, without the risk of sticking
+fast, was an impossibility.</p>
+
+<p>The first half of the journey passed without accident, and they were
+skirting the borders of a pine forest when Liso suddenly became
+conscious of a suspicious noise behind her. Looking round, she saw, to
+her horror, a troop of gaunt grey wolves issue from the forest and
+commence running after the sledge. She instantly slashed the horse with
+her whip, and the next moment the chase began in grim earnest. But,
+gallop as fast as it would, the horse could not outpace the wolves, whom
+hunger had made fleet as the wind, and it was not many minutes before
+two of the biggest of them appeared on either side of the vehicle.
+Though their intention was, in all probability, only to attack the
+horse, yet the safety both of Liso and the children depended on the
+preservation of the animal.</p>
+
+<p>It was indeed a beautiful creature, and the danger only enhanced its
+value; it seemed, in fact, almost entitled to claim for its preservation
+an extraordinary sacrifice. And Liso did not hesitate. It was one life
+against three&mdash;the world would excuse her, if God did not.</p>
+
+<p>"You, Charles," she said hoarsely, "you are the eldest; it is your duty
+to go first"&mdash;and before Charles had time to realize what was
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246"></a>[<a href="./images/246.png">246</a>]</span>happening, she had gripped him round the waist, and with strength
+generated by the crisis hurled him into the snow. She did not see where
+he fell&mdash;the sledge was moving far too fast for that; but she heard the
+sound of the concussion, and then frantic screaming, accompanied by
+howls of triumph and joyful yapping. There was a momentary lull&mdash;only
+momentary&mdash;and then the patting footsteps recommenced.</p>
+
+<p>Nearer and nearer they came, until she could hear a deep and regular
+pant, pant, pant, drowned every now and then by prolonged howls and
+piercing, nerve-racking whines. Once again two murder-breathing forms
+are racing along at the side of the sledge, biting and snapping at the
+horse's legs with their gleaming, foam-flecked jaws.</p>
+
+<p>"George," Liso shouted, "you must go now. You are a boy, and boys and
+men should always die to save their sisters." But George, though
+younger, was not so easy to dispose of as Charles. Charles had been
+taken unawares, but George guessed what was coming and was on his guard.</p>
+
+<p>"No, no," he cried, clinging on to the sledge with both his chubby
+hands. "The wolves will eat me! Take sissy."</p>
+
+<p>"Wretch!" shrieked Liso, boxing his ears furiously. "Selfish little
+wretch! So this is the result of all the kindness I have lavished on
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247"></a>[<a href="./images/247.png">247</a>]</span>you. Let go at once"&mdash;and tearing at his baby wrists with all her
+might, she succeeded in loosening them, and the next instant he was in
+the road.</p>
+
+<p>Then there was a repetition of what had happened before&mdash;a few wild
+screeches, savage howls of triumph, and snarls and grunts that suggested
+much. Then&mdash;comparative quiet, and then&mdash;patterings. Mad with fear, Liso
+stood up and lashed the horse. God of mercy! there was now only one more
+life between hers and the fate that, of all fates in the world, seemed
+to her just then to be the most dreadful. With the thick and gloomy
+forest before and behind her, and the nearer and nearer trampling of her
+ravenous pursuers, she almost collapsed from sheer anguish; but the
+thought of all her beauty perishing in such an ignominious and painful
+fashion braced her up. Perhaps, too&mdash;at least, let us hope
+so&mdash;underlying it all, though so much in the background, there was a
+genuine longing to save the little mite&mdash;her exact counterpart, so
+people said&mdash;that nestled its sunny head in the folds of her soft and
+costly sealskin coat.</p>
+
+<p>She did not venture to look behind her, only in front&mdash;at the seemingly
+never-ending white track; at the dense mass of trees&mdash;trees that shook
+their heads mockingly at her as the wind rustled through them; at the
+great splash of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248"></a>[<a href="./images/248.png">248</a>]</span>red right across the sky, so horribly remindful of
+blood that she shuddered. Night birds hoot; wild cats glare down at her;
+and shadows of every kind glide noiselessly out from behind the great
+trunks, and await her approach with inexplicable flickerings and
+flutterings.</p>
+
+<p>All at once two rough paws are laid on her shoulders, and the wide-open,
+bloody jaws of an enormous wolf hang over her head. It is the most
+ferocious beast of the troop, which, having partly missed its leap at
+the sledge, is dragged along with it, in vain seeking with its hinder
+legs for a resting-place to enable it to get wholly on to the frail
+vehicle. Liso looks down at the little girl beside her and their eyes
+meet.</p>
+
+<p>"Not me! not me!" the tiny one cried, clutching hold of her wrist in its
+anxiety. "I have been good, have I not? You will not throw me into the
+snow like the others?" Liso's lips tightened. The weight of the body of
+the wolf drew her gradually backwards&mdash;another minute and she would be
+out of the sledge. Her life was of assuredly more value than that of the
+child. Besides, one so young would not feel the horrors of death so
+acutely as she would, who was grown up. Anything rather than such a
+devilish ending. Providence willed it&mdash;Providence must bear the
+responsibility. And, steeling her soul to pity, she snatches up her
+daughter and throws her into <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249"></a>[<a href="./images/249.png">249</a>]</span>the gleaming jaws of the wolf, which,
+springing off the sledge, hastily departs with its prey into the forest,
+where it is followed by hosts of other wolves. Exhausted, stunned,
+senseless&mdash;for her escape has been extremely narrow&mdash;Liso drops the
+reins, and, sinking back into the luxurious cushions of the vehicle,
+gives a great sigh of relief and shuts her eyes.</p>
+
+<p>Meantime the trees grow thinner, and an isolated house, to which a
+side-road leads, appears at no great distance off. The horse, left to
+itself, follows this new path; it enters through an open gate, and,
+panting and foaming, comes to a dead halt before a ponderous oak door
+studded with huge iron nails. Presently Liso recovers. She finds herself
+seated before a roaring fire; and a woman with a white face, dark,
+piercing eyes, and a beak-like nose, is bending over her. The woman
+presents such an extraordinary spectacle that Liso is oblivious of
+everything else, and gazes at her with a cold sensation of fear creeping
+down her spine.</p>
+
+<p>"You've had a narrow escape," the woman presently exclaims in peculiarly
+hoarse tones. "And the danger is not over yet! Listen!" To Liso's terror
+an inferno of howls and whines sounds from the yard outside, and she
+sees, gleaming in at her through the window-panes, scores of wild, hairy
+faces with pale, lurid eyes. "They are there!" the woman <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250"></a>[<a href="./images/250.png">250</a>]</span>remarks, a
+saturnine smile in her eyes and playing round her lips. "There&mdash;all
+ready to rend and tear you to pieces as they did your children&mdash;your
+three pretty, loving children. I've only to open the door, and in they
+will rush!"</p>
+
+<p>"But you won't," Liso gasped feebly. "You won't be so cruel. Besides,
+they could eat you, too."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh no, they couldn't," the woman laughed. "I'm a Vargamor. Every one of
+these wolves knows me and loves me as a mother. With you it is very
+different. Shall I&mdash;&mdash;?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh no! for pity's sake spare me!" Liso cried, throwing herself at the
+woman's feet and catching hold of her hands. "Spare me, and I will do
+anything you want."</p>
+
+<p>"Well," said the woman, after some consideration, "I will spare you on
+one condition, namely, that you live with me and do the housework; I'm
+getting too old for it."</p>
+
+<p>"I suppose I may see my family occasionally?" Liso said.</p>
+
+<p>"No!" the old woman snapped, "you may not. You must never go out of
+sight of this house. Now, what do you say? Recollect, it is either that
+or the wolves! Quick," and she hobbled to the door as she spoke.</p>
+
+<p>"I've chosen!" Liso shrieked. "I'll stay with you. Anything rather than
+such an awful <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251"></a>[<a href="./images/251.png">251</a>]</span>death. Tell me what I have to do and I'll begin at once."</p>
+
+<p>The old woman took her at her word. She speedily set Liso a task, and
+from that time onward, kept her so continuously employed, not allowing
+her a moment to herself, that her life soon became unbearable. She tried
+to escape, but each time she left the house the fierce howling of the
+wolves sent her back to it in terror, and she discovered that, night and
+day, certain of the beasts were supervising her movements. After she had
+been there a week the old woman said to her, "I fear it is useless to
+think of keeping you any longer! Times are bad&mdash;food is scarce. The
+wolves are hungry&mdash;I must give you to them."</p>
+
+<p>But Liso fell on her knees and pleaded so hard that the Vargamor
+relented, "Well, well!" she said, "I will spare you, provided you can
+procure me a substitute. If you like to sit down and write to some one I
+will see that the note is delivered."</p>
+
+<p>Then Liso, almost beside herself at the thought of the hungry wolves,
+sat down and wrote a letter to her husband, telling him she had met with
+an accident, and desiring him to come to her at once. She dared not give
+him the slightest hint as to what had actually befallen her, as she knew
+the old woman would read the letter.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252"></a>[<a href="./images/252.png">252</a>]</span>When she had finished her note, the Vargamor took it, and for the next
+twelve hours Liso had a very anxious time.</p>
+
+<p>"If he doesn't come soon," the old woman at length said to her, with an
+evil chuckle, "I shall have to let the wolves in. They are famishing;
+and I, too, want something tastier than rabbits and squirrels."</p>
+
+<p>The minutes passed, and Liso was nearly fainting with suspense, when
+there suddenly broke on her ears the distant tramp of horses' feet; and
+in a very few moments a droshky dashed up to the door.</p>
+
+<p>"Call him in here," the Vargamor said, "and run up and hide in your
+bedroom. My pets and I will enjoy him all the better by the fire, and
+there won't be so much risk of them being hurt."</p>
+
+<p>Liso, afraid to do otherwise, ran up the rickety ladder leading to her
+room, shouting as she did so, "Oscar! Oscar! come in, come in."</p>
+
+<p>The joyful note in her husband's voice as he replied to her invitation
+struck a new chord in Liso's nature&mdash;a chord which had been there all
+the time, but had got choked and clogged through over-indulgence. Full
+of a courage that dared anything in its determination to save him, she
+crept cautiously down the stairs, and just as he crossed the threshold,
+and the Vargamor was about to summon the wolves, she dashed up to the
+old woman and struck <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253"></a>[<a href="./images/253.png">253</a>]</span>her with all her might. Then, seizing her husband,
+she dragged him out of the house, and, hustling him into the carriage,
+jumped in by his side and told the coachman to drive home with the
+utmost speed.</p>
+
+<p>All this was done in less time than it takes to tell, and once again the
+familiar sounds of pattering&mdash;patterings on the snow in the wake of the
+carriage&mdash;fell on Liso's ears, and all the old horrors of the preceding
+journey came back to her with full force.</p>
+
+<p>Slowly, despite the fact that there were two horses now, the wolves
+gained on them, and once again the same harrowing question arose in
+Liso's mind. Some one must be sacrificed. Which should it be? The
+coachman! without doubt the coachman. He was only a poor, uneducated
+man, a hireling, and his life was as nothing compared either with that
+of her husband or her own.</p>
+
+<p>But she now remembered that Oscar, though usually a mere straw in her
+hands, and ready to do anything she asked him, had one or two
+peculiarities&mdash;fondness for children and animals, and a great respect
+for life&mdash;life in every grade. Would he consent to sacrifice the
+coachman? And as she glanced at him, a feeling of awe came over her.
+What a big, strong man this husband of hers was, and what strength he
+had&mdash;strength of all kinds, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254"></a>[<a href="./images/254.png">254</a>]</span>physical as well as mental&mdash;if he cared to
+exert it. But then he loved, worshipped, and adored her; he would never
+treat her with anything but the utmost deference and kindness, no matter
+what she said or did. Still, when she got ready to whisper the fatal
+suggestion in his ear, her heart failed her. And then the new something
+within her&mdash;that something that had already spoken and seemed inclined
+to be painfully officious&mdash;once more asserted itself. The coachman was
+married, he had children&mdash;four people dependent on him, four hearts that
+loved him! With her it was different: no one was actually dependent on
+her&mdash;there were no children now! Nothing but the memory of them!
+Memory&mdash;what a hateful thing it was! She had forced them to give her
+their lives; would it not be some atonement for her act if she were now
+to offer hers? She made the offer&mdash;breathed it with a shuddering soul
+into her husband's ears&mdash;and with a great round oath he rejected it.</p>
+
+<p>"What! You! Let you be thrown to the wolves?" he roared. "No&mdash;sooner
+than that, ten thousand times sooner, I will jump out! But I don't think
+there is any need. Knowing there were wolves about, I brought arms. If
+occasion arises we can easily account for half of them. But we shall
+outdistance them yet."</p>
+
+<p>He spoke the truth. Bit by bit the powerful <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255"></a>[<a href="./images/255.png">255</a>]</span>horses drew away from the
+pack, and ere the last trees of the forest were passed, the howlings
+were no longer heard and all danger was at an end.</p>
+
+<p>Then, and not till then, did Oscar learn what had become of the
+children.</p>
+
+<p>He listened to Liso's explanation in silence, and it was not until she
+had finished that the surprise came. She was anticipating
+commiseration&mdash;commiseration for the awful hell she had undergone. She
+little guessed the struggle that was taking place beneath her husband's
+seemingly calm exterior. The revelation came with an abruptness that
+staggered her. "Woman!" he cried, "you are a murderess. Sooner than have
+sacrificed your children you should have suffered three deaths
+yourself&mdash;that is the elementary instinct of all mothers, human and
+otherwise. You are below the standard of a beast&mdash;of the Vargamor you
+slew. Go! go back to those parents who bore you, and tell them I'll have
+nought to do with you&mdash;that I want a woman for my wife, not a
+monstrosity."</p>
+
+<p>He bade the coachman pull up, and, alighting, told the man to drive Liso
+to the home of her parents.</p>
+
+<p>But Liso did not hear him&mdash;she sat huddled up on the seat with her eyes
+staring blankly before her. For the first time in her life she was
+conscious that she loved!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256"></a>[<a href="./images/256.png">256</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XVI</h2>
+
+<h3>WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">T</span>HE Bersekir of Iceland are credited with the rare property of dual
+metamorphosis&mdash;that is to say, they are credited with the power of being
+able to adopt the individual forms of two animals&mdash;the bear and the
+wolf.</p>
+
+<p>For substantiation as to the <i>bona-fide</i> existence of this rare property
+of dual metamorphosis one has only to refer to the historical literature
+of the country (the authenticity of which is beyond dispute), wherein
+many cases of it are recorded.</p>
+
+<p>The following story, illustrative of dual metamorphosis, was told to me
+on fairly good authority.</p>
+
+<p>A very unprepossessing Bersekir, named Rerir, falling in love with
+Signi, the beautiful daughter of a neighbouring Bersekir, proposed to
+her and was scornfully rejected. Smarting <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257"></a>[<a href="./images/257.png">257</a>]</span>under the many insults that
+had been heaped on him&mdash;for Signi had a most cutting tongue&mdash;Rerir, who,
+like most of the Bersekir, was both a werwolf and a wer-bear, resolved
+to be revenged. Assuming the shape of a bear&mdash;the animal he deemed the
+more formidable&mdash;Rerir stole to the house where Signi and her parents
+lived, and climbing on the roof, tore away at it with his claws till he
+had made a hole big enough to admit him. Dropping through the aperture
+he had thus effected, he alighted on the top of some one in bed&mdash;one of
+the servants of the house&mdash;whom he hugged to death before she had time
+to utter a cry. He then stole out into the passage and made his way,
+cautiously and noiselessly, to the room in which he imagined Signi
+slept. Here, however, instead of finding the object of his passions, he
+came upon her parents, one of whom&mdash;the mother&mdash;was awake; and aiming a
+blow at the latter's head, he crushed in her skull with one stroke of
+his powerful paw. The noise awoke Signi's father, who, taking in the
+situation at a glance, also metamorphosed into a bear and straightway
+closed with his assailant. A desperate encounter between the two
+wer-animals now commenced, and the whole household, aroused from their
+slumber, came trooping in. For some time the issue of the combat was
+dubious, both adversaries <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258"></a>[<a href="./images/258.png">258</a>]</span>being fairly well matched. But at length
+Rerir began to prevail, and Signi's father cried out for some one to
+help him. Then Signi, anxious to save her parent's life, seized a knife,
+and, aiming a frantic blow, inadvertently struck her father, who
+instantly sank on the ground, leaving her at the mercy of his furious
+opponent.</p>
+
+<p>With a loud snarl of triumph, Rerir rushed at the girl, and was bearing
+her triumphantly away, when the cook&mdash;an old woman who had followed the
+fortunes of the Bersekir all her life&mdash;had a sudden inspiration.
+Standing on a shelf in the corner of the room was a jar containing a
+preparation of sulphur, asaf&oelig;tida, and castoreum, which her mistress
+had always given her to understand was a preventive against evil
+spirits. Snatching it up, she darted after the wer-bear and flung the
+contents of it in its face, just as it was about to descend the stairs
+with Signi. In a moment there was a sudden and startling metamorphosis,
+and in the place of the bear stood the ugly, misshapen man, Rerir.</p>
+
+<p>The hunchback now would gladly have departed without attempting further
+mischief; for although the household boasted no man apart from its
+incapacitated master, there were still three formidable women and some
+big dogs to be faced.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259"></a>[<a href="./images/259.png">259</a>]</span>But to let him escape, after the irreparable harm he had done, was the
+very last thing Signi would permit; and with an air of stern authority
+she commanded the servants to fall on him with any weapons they could
+find, whilst she would summon the hounds.</p>
+
+<p>Now, indeed, the tables were completely turned. Rerir was easily
+overpowered and bound securely hand and foot by Signi and her servants,
+and after undergoing a brief trial the following morning he was
+summarily executed.</p>
+
+<p>Those Icelanders who possessed the property of metamorphosis into wolves
+and bears (they were always of the male sex), more often than not used
+it for the purpose of either wreaking vengeance or of executing justice.
+The terrible temper&mdash;for the rage of the Bersekir has been a byword for
+centuries&mdash;commonly attributed to Icelanders and Scandinavians in
+general, is undoubtedly traceable to the werwolves and wer-bears into
+which the Bersekirs metamorphosed.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that in Iceland there are both lycanthropous streams and
+flowers, and that they differ little if at all from those to be met with
+in other countries.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Werwolves of Lapland</p>
+
+<p>In Lapland werwolves are still much to the fore. In many families the
+property is hereditary, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260"></a>[<a href="./images/260.png">260</a>]</span>whilst it is not infrequently sought and
+acquired through the practice of Black Magic. Though, perhaps, more
+common among males, there are, nevertheless, many instances of it among
+females.</p>
+
+<p>The following case comes from the country bordering on Lake Enara.</p>
+
+<p>The child of a peasant woman named Martha, just able to trot alone, and
+consequently left to wander just where it pleased, came home one morning
+with its forehead apparently licked raw, all its fingers more or less
+injured, and two of them seemingly sucked and mumbled to a mere pulp.</p>
+
+<p>On being interrogated as to what had happened, it told a most astounding
+tale: A very beautiful lady had picked it up and carried it away to her
+house, where she had put it in a room with her three children, who were
+all very pretty and daintily dressed. At sunset, however, both the lady
+and her children metamorphosed into wolves, and would undoubtedly have
+eaten it, had they not satiated their appetites on a portion of a girl
+which had been kept over from the preceding day. The newcomer was
+intended for their meal on the morrow, and obeying the injunctions of
+their mother, the young werwolves had forborne to devour the child,
+though they had all tasted it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261"></a>[<a href="./images/261.png">261</a>]</span>The child's parents were simply dumbfounded&mdash;they could scarcely credit
+their senses&mdash;and made their offspring repeat its narrative over and
+over again. And as it stuck to what it had said, they ultimately
+concluded that it was true, and that the lady described could be none
+other than Madame Tonno, the wife of their landlord and patron&mdash;a person
+of immense importance in the neighbourhood.</p>
+
+<p>But what could they do? How could they protect their children from
+another raid?</p>
+
+<p>To accuse the lady, who was rich and influential, of being a werwolf
+would be useless. No one would believe them&mdash;no one dare believe
+them&mdash;and they would be severely punished for their indiscretion. Being
+poor, they were entirely at her mercy, and if she chose to eat their
+children, they could not prevent her, unless they could catch her in the
+act.</p>
+
+<p>One evening the mother was washing clothes before the door of her house,
+with her second child, a little girl of four years of age, playing about
+close by. The cottage stood in a lonely part of the estate, forming
+almost an island in the midst of low boggy ground; and there was no
+house nearer than that of M. Tonno. Martha, bending over her wash-tub,
+was making every effort to complete her task, when a fearful cry made
+her look up, and there <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262"></a>[<a href="./images/262.png">262</a>]</span>was the child, gripped by one shoulder, in the
+jaws of a great she-wolf, the arm that was free extended towards her.
+Martha was so close that she managed to clutch a bit of the child's
+clothing in one hand, whilst with the other she beat the brute with all
+her might to make it let go its hold. But all in vain: the relentless
+jaws did not show the slightest sign of relaxing, and with a saturnine
+glitter in its deep-set eyes it emitted a hoarse burr-burr, and set off
+at full speed towards the forest, dragging the mother, who was still
+clinging to the garment of her child, with it.</p>
+
+<p>But they did not long continue thus. The wolf turned into some low-lying
+uneven track, and Martha, falling over the jagged trunk of a tree, found
+herself lying on the ground with only a little piece of torn clothing
+tightly clasped in her hand. Hitherto, comforted by Martha's presence,
+the little one had not uttered a sound; but now, feeling itself
+deserted, it gave vent to the most heartrending screams&mdash;screams that
+abruptly disturbed the silence of that lonely spot and pierced to the
+depths of Martha's soul. In an instant she rose, and, dashing on,
+bounded over stock and stone, tearing herself pitiably, but heeding it
+not in her intense anxiety to save her child. But the wolf had now
+increased its speed; the undergrowth was thick, the ground heavier, and
+soon <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263"></a>[<a href="./images/263.png">263</a>]</span>screams became her only guide. Still on and on she dashed, now
+snatching up a little shoe which was clinging to the bushes, now
+shrieking with agony as she saw fragments of the child's hair and
+clothes on the low jagged boughs obstructing her path. On, on, on, until
+the screams grew fainter, then louder, and then ceased altogether.</p>
+
+<p>Late that night the husband, Max, found his wife lying dead, just
+outside the grounds of his patron's ch&acirc;teau. Guessing what had happened,
+and having but one thought in his mind&mdash;namely, revenge&mdash;Max, arming
+himself with the branch of a tree, marched boldly up to the house, and
+rapped loudly at the door.</p>
+
+<p>M. Tonno answered this peremptory summons himself, and demanded in an
+angry voice what Max meant by daring to announce himself thus.</p>
+
+<p>Max pointed in the direction of the corpse. "That!" he shrieked; "that
+is the reason of my visit. Madame Tonno is a werwolf&mdash;she has murdered
+both my wife and child, and I am here to demand justice."</p>
+
+<p>"Come inside," M. Tonno said, the tone of his voice suddenly changing.
+"We can discuss the matter indoors in the privacy of my study." And he
+conducted Max to a room in the rear of the house.</p>
+
+<p>But no sooner had Max crossed the threshold <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264"></a>[<a href="./images/264.png">264</a>]</span>than the door was slammed
+on him, and he found himself a prisoner. He turned to the window, but
+there was no hope there&mdash;it was heavily barred. But although a
+peasant&mdash;and a fool, so he told himself, to have thus deliberately
+walked into a trap&mdash;Max was not altogether without wits, and he searched
+the room thoroughly, eventually discovering a loose board. Tearing it
+up, he saw that the space under the floor&mdash;that is to say, between the
+floor and the foundation of the house&mdash;was just deep enough for him to
+lie there at full length. Here, then, was a possible avenue of escape.
+Setting to work, he succeeded, after much effort, in wrenching up
+another board, and then another, and getting into the excavation thus
+made, he worked his way along on his stomach, until he came to a
+grating, which, to his utmost joy, proved to be loose. It was but the
+work of a few minutes to force it out and to dislodge a few bricks, and
+Max was once again free. His one idea now was to tell his tale to his
+brother peasants and rouse them to immediate action, and with this end
+in view he set off running at full speed to the nearest settlement.</p>
+
+<p>The peasants of Lapland are slow and stolid and take a lot of rousing,
+but when once they are roused, few people are so terrible.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately for Max, he was not the only <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265"></a>[<a href="./images/265.png">265</a>]</span>sufferer; several other people
+in the neighbourhood had lately lost their children, and the story he
+told found ready credence. In less than an hour a large body of men and
+women, armed with every variety of weapon, from a sword to a pitchfork,
+had gathered together, and setting off direct to the ch&acirc;teau, they
+surrounded it on all sides, and forcing an entrance, seized M. Tonno and
+his werwolf wife and werwolf children, and binding them hand and foot,
+led them to the shores of Lake Enara and drowned them. They then went
+back to the house and, setting fire to it, burned it to the ground, thus
+making certain of destroying any werwolf influence it might still
+contain.</p>
+
+<p>With this wholesale extermination a case that may be taken as a
+characteristic type of Lapland lycanthropy in all its grim and sordid
+details concludes.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">Finland Werwolves</p>
+
+<p>Finland teems with stories of werwolves&mdash;stories ancient and modern, for
+the werwolf is said to still flourish in various parts of the country.</p>
+
+<p>The property is not restricted to one sex; it is equally common to both.
+Spells and various forms of exorcism are used, and certain streams are
+held to be lycanthropous.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266"></a>[<a href="./images/266.png">266</a>]</span>However, in Finland as in Scandinavia, it is very difficult to procure
+information as to werwolves. The common peasant, who alone knows
+anything about the anomaly, is withheld by superstition from even
+mentioning its name; and if he mentions a werwolf at all, designates him
+only as the "old one," or the "grey one," or the "great dog," feeling
+that to call this terror by its true name is a sure way to exasperate
+it. It is only by strategy one learns from a peasant that when a fine
+young ox is found in the morning breathing hard, his hide bathed in
+foam, and with every sign of fright and exhaustion, while, perhaps, only
+one trifling wound is discovered on the whole body, which swells and
+inflames as if poison had been infused, the animal generally dying
+before night; and that when, on examination of the corpse, the
+intestines are found to be torn as with the claws of a wolf, and the
+whole body is in a state of inflammation, it is accounted certain that
+the mischief has been caused by a werwolf.</p>
+
+<p>It is thus a werwolf serves his quarry when he kills for the mere love
+of killing, and not for food.</p>
+
+<p>In Finland, perhaps more than in other countries, werwolves are credited
+with demoniacal power, and old women who possess the property of
+metamorphosing into wolves are <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267"></a>[<a href="./images/267.png">267</a>]</span>said to be able to paralyse cattle and
+children with their eyes, and to have poison in their nails, one wound
+from which causes certain death.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate the foregoing I have selected an incident which happened
+near Diolen, a village on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, at
+the distance of about a hundred wersts from the ancient city of Mawa.
+Here vegetation is of a more varied and luxuriant kind than is usually
+found in the Northern latitude; the oak and the bela, intermingled with
+rich plots of grass, grow at the very edge of the sea&mdash;a phenomenon
+accountable for by the fact that the Baltic is tideless.</p>
+
+<p>For about half a werst in breadth, the shore continues a level,
+luxuriant stretch, when it suddenly rises in three successive cliffs,
+each about a hundred feet in height, and placed about the same space of
+half a werst, one behind the other, like huge steps leading to the
+table-land above. In some places the rocks are completely hidden from
+the view by a thick fence of trees, which take root at their base, while
+each level is covered by a minute forest of firs, in which grow a
+variety of herbs and shrubs, including the English whitethorn, and wild
+strawberries.</p>
+
+<p>It was to gather the latter that Savanich and his seven-year-old son,
+Peter, came one afternoon <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268"></a>[<a href="./images/268.png">268</a>]</span>early in summer. They had filled two baskets
+and were contemplating returning home with their spoil, when Caspan, the
+big sheepdog, uttered a low growl.</p>
+
+<p>"Hey, Caspan, what is it?" Peter cried. "Footsteps! And such curious
+ones!"</p>
+
+<p>"They are curious," Savanich said, bending down to examine them. "They
+are larger and coarser than those of Caspan, longer in shape, and with a
+deep indentation of the ball of the foot. They are those of a wolf&mdash;an
+old one, because of the deepness of the tracks. Old wolves walk heavy.
+And here's a wound the brute has got in its paw. See! there is a slight
+irregularity on the print of the hind feet, as if from a dislocated
+claw. We must be on our guard. Wolves are hungry now: the waters have
+driven them up together, and the cattle are not let out yet. The beast
+is not far off, either. An old wolf like this will prowl about for days
+together, round the same place, till he picks up something."</p>
+
+<p>"I hope it won't attack us, father," Peter said, catching hold of
+Savanich by the hand. "What should you do if it did?"</p>
+
+<p>But before Savanich could reply, Caspan gave a loud bark and dashed into
+the thicket, and the next moment a terrible pandemonium of yells, and
+snorts, and sharp howls filled the air. Drawing his knife from its
+sheath, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269"></a>[<a href="./images/269.png">269</a>]</span>telling Peter to keep close at his heels, Savanich followed
+Caspan and speedily came upon the scene of the encounter. Caspan had
+hold of a huge grey wolf by the neck, and was hanging on to it like grim
+death, in spite of the brute's frantic efforts to free itself.</p>
+
+<p>There was but little doubt that the brave dog would have, eventually,
+paid the penalty for its rashness&mdash;for the wolf had mauled it badly, and
+it was beginning to show signs of exhaustion through loss of blood&mdash;had
+not Savanich arrived in the nick of time. A couple of thrusts from his
+knife stretched the wolf on the ground, when, to his utmost horror, it
+suddenly metamorphosed into a hideous old hag.</p>
+
+<p>"A werwolf!" Savanich gasped, crossing himself. "Get out of her way,
+Peter, quick!"</p>
+
+<p>But it was too late. Thrusting out a skinny hand, the hag scratched
+Peter on the ankle with the long curved, poisonous nail of her
+forefinger. Then, with an evil smile on her lips, she turned over on her
+back, and expired. And before Peter could be got home he, too, was dead.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270"></a>[<a href="./images/270.png">270</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XVII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="dc">T</span>HE ideal home of all things weird and uncanny&mdash;is cold, grey, gaunt,
+and giant Russia. Nowhere is the werwolf so much in evidence to-day as
+in the land of the Czar, where all the primitive conditions favourable
+to such anomalies, still exist, and where they have undergone but little
+change in the last ten thousand years.</p>
+
+<p>A thinly-populated country&mdash;vast stretches of wild uncultivated land,
+full of dense forests, rich in trees most favourable to Elementals, and
+watered by deep, silent tarns, and stealthily moving streams,&mdash;its very
+atmosphere is impregnated with lycanthropy.</p>
+
+<p>At the base of giant firs and poplars, or poking out their heads
+impudently, from amidst brambles and ferns, are werwolf flowers&mdash;flowers
+with all the characteristics of those found in Hungary and the Balkan
+Peninsula, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271"></a>[<a href="./images/271.png">271</a>]</span>but of a greater variety. There are, for example, in
+addition to the white, yellow, and red species, those of a bluish-white
+hue, that emit a glow at night like the phosphorescent glow emanating
+from decaying animal and vegetable matter; and those of a brilliant
+orange, covered with black, protruding spots, suggestive of some
+particularly offensive disease, that show a marked preference for damp
+places, and are specially to be met with growing in the slime and mud at
+the edge of a pool, or in the soft, rotten mould of morasses.</p>
+
+<p>Werwolves haunt the plains, too&mdash;the great barren, undulating deserts
+that roll up to the foot of the Urals, Caucasus, Altai, Yablonoi, and
+Stanovoi Mountains&mdash;and the Tundras along the shores of the Arctic
+Ocean&mdash;dreary swamps in summer and ice-covered wastes in winter. Here,
+at night, they wander over the rough, stony, arid ground, picking their
+way surreptitiously through the scant vegetation, and avoiding all
+frequented localities; pausing, every now and then, to slake their
+thirst in deep sunk wells, or to listen for the sounds of quarry. Hazel
+hen, swans, duck, geese, squirrels, hares, elk, reindeer, roes,
+fallowdeer, and wild sheep, all are food to the werwolf, though nothing
+is so heartily appreciated by it as fat tender children or young and
+plump women.</p>
+
+<p>In its nocturnal ramblings the werwolf often <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272"></a>[<a href="./images/272.png">272</a>]</span>encounters enemies&mdash;bears,
+wolves, and panthers&mdash;with which it struggles for dominion&mdash;dominion of
+forest, plain and mountain; and when the combat ends to its
+disadvantage, its metamorphosed corpse is at once devoured by its
+conqueror.</p>
+
+<p>Of all parts of Russia, the werwolf loves best the Caucasus and Ural
+Mountains. They are to Russia what the Harz Mountains were to Germany,
+centuries ago&mdash;the head-quarters of all manner of psychic phenomena, the
+happy hunting ground of phantom and fairy; and over them still lingers,
+almost, if not quite, as forcibly as ever, the glamour and mystery
+inseparable from the superphysical.</p>
+
+<p>Times without number have the great black beetling crags of these
+mountains been scaled by the furry, sinewy feet of werwolves; times
+without number have the shadows of these anomalies fallen on the
+moon-kissed, snowy peaks, towering high into the sky, or mingled with
+the rank and dewy herbage in the pine-clad valleys, and narrow abysmal
+gorges deep down below.</p>
+
+<p>It was here, in these lone Russian mountains, so legend relates, that
+Peter and Paul turned an impious wife and husband, who refused them
+shelter, into wolves: but Peter and Paul, apparently, had not the
+monopoly of this power; for it was here, too, in a Ural village, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273"></a>[<a href="./images/273.png">273</a>]</span>that
+the Devil is alleged to have metamorphosed half a dozen men into wolves
+for not paying him sufficient homage.</p>
+
+<p>There is no restriction as to the sex of werwolves in Russia and
+Siberia&mdash;male and female werwolves are about equal in number, though
+perhaps there is a slight preponderance in favour of the female.
+Vargamors are to be encountered in almost all the less frequented woody
+regions, but more especially in those in the immediate vicinity of the
+Urals and Caucasus.</p>
+
+<p>Though many of the werwolves inherit the property, many, too, have
+acquired it through direct intercourse with the superphysical; and the
+invocation of spirits, whether performed individually or collectively,
+is far from uncommon.</p>
+
+<p>Black Magic is said to be practised in the Urals, Caucasus, Yerkhoiansk,
+and Stanovoi Mountains; in the Tundras, the Plains of East Russia, the
+Timan Range, the Kola Peninsula, and various parts of Siberia.</p>
+
+<p>I am told that the usual initiating ceremony consists of drawing a
+circle, from seven to nine feet in radius, in the centre of which circle
+a wood fire is kindled&mdash;the wood selected being black poplar, pine or
+larch, never ash. A fumigation in an iron vessel, heated over the fire,
+is then made out of a mixture of any four or five of the following
+substances: <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274"></a>[<a href="./images/274.png">274</a>]</span>Hemlock (2 to 3 ounces), henbane (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces),
+saffron (3 ounces), poppy seed (any amount), aloe (3 drachms), opium
+(1/4 ounce), asaf&oelig;tida (2 ounces), solanum (2 to 3 drachms), parsley
+(any amount).</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the vessel is placed over the fire so that it can heat, the
+person who would invoke the spirit that can bestow upon him the property
+of metamorphosing into a wolf kneels within the circle, and prays a
+preliminary impromptu prayer. He then resorts to an incantation, which
+runs, so I have been told, as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Hail, hail, hail, great wolf spirit, hail!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">A boon I ask thee, mighty shade. Within this circle I have made,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Make me a werwolf strong and bold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The terror alike of young and old.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Grant me a figure tall and spare;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The speed of the elk, the claws of the bear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The poison of snakes, the wit of the fox;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The stealth of the wolf, the strength of the ox;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The jaws of the tiger, the teeth of the shark;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">The eyes of a cat that sees in the dark.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Make me climb like a monkey, scent like a dog,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Swim like a fish, and eat like a hog.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Haste, haste, haste, lonely spirit, haste!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Here, wan and drear, magic spell making,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Findest thou me&mdash;shaking, quaking.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Softly fan me as I lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">And thy mystic touch apply&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Touch apply, and I swear that when I die,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">When I die, I will serve thee evermore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Evermore, in grey wolf land, cold and raw."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275"></a>[<a href="./images/275.png">275</a>]</span>The incantation concluded, the supplicant then kisses the ground three
+times, and advancing to the fire, takes off the iron vessel, and
+whirling it smoking round his head, cries out:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Make me a werwolf! make me a man-eater!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Make me a werwolf! make me a woman-eater!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Make me a werwolf! make me a child-eater!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">I pine for blood! human blood!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Give it me! give it me to-night!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Great Wolf Spirit! give it me, and<br /></span>
+<span class="i0ind">Heart, body, and soul, I am yours."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The trees then begin to rustle, and the wind to moan, and out of the
+sudden darkness that envelops everything glows the tall, cylindrical,
+pillar-like phantom of the Unknown, seven or eight feet in height. It
+sometimes develops further, and assumes the form of a tall, thin
+monstrosity, half human and half animal, grey and nude, with very long
+legs and arms, and the feet and claws of a wolf. Its head is shaped like
+that of a wolf, but surrounded with the hair of a woman, that falls
+about its bare shoulders in yellow ringlets. It has wolf's ears and a
+wolf's mouth. Its aquiline nose and pale eyes are fashioned like those
+of a human being, but animated with an expression too diabolically
+malignant to proceed from anything but the superphysical.</p>
+
+<p>It seldom if ever speaks, but either utters <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276"></a>[<a href="./images/276.png">276</a>]</span>some extraordinary noise&mdash;a
+prolonged howl that seems to proceed from the bowels of the earth, a
+piercing, harrowing whine, or a low laugh full of hellish glee, any of
+which sounds may be taken to express its assent to the favour asked.</p>
+
+<p>It only remains visible for a minute at the most, and then disappears
+with startling abruptness. The supplicant is now a werwolf. He undergoes
+his first metamorphosis into wolf form the following evening at sunset,
+reassuming his human shape at dawn; and so on, day after day, till his
+death, when he may once more metamorphose either from man form to wolf
+form, or vice versa, his corpse retaining whichever form has been
+assumed at the moment of death. However, with regard to this final
+metamorphosis there is no consistency: it may or may not take place. In
+the practice of exorcism, for the purpose of eradicating the evil
+property of werwolfery, all manner of methods are employed. Sometimes
+the werwolf is soundly whipped with ash twigs, and saturated with a
+potion such as I described in a previous chapter; sometimes he is made
+to lie or sit over, or lie or stand close beside, a vessel containing a
+fumigation mixture composed of sulphur, asaf&oelig;tida, and castoreum, or
+hypericum and vinegar; or sometimes, again, he is well whipped and
+rubbed all over with the juice of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277"></a>[<a href="./images/277.png">277</a>]</span>the mistletoe berry. Occasionally a
+priest is summoned, and then a formal ceremony takes place.</p>
+
+<p>An altar is erected. On it are placed lighted candles, a Bible, a
+crucifix. The werwolf, in wolf form, bound hand and foot, is then placed
+on the ground at the foot of the altar, and fumigated with incense and
+sprinkled with holy water. The sign of the cross is made on his
+forehead, chest, back, and on the palms of his hands. Various prayers
+are read, and the affair concludes when the priest in a loud voice
+adjures the evil influence to depart, in the name of God the Father, the
+Son, the Holy Ghost, and the Virgin Mary.</p>
+
+<p>I have never, however, heard of any well-authenticated case testifying
+to the efficacy of this or of any other mode of exorcism. As far as I
+know, once a werwolf always a werwolf is an inviolable rule.</p>
+
+<p>Apparently women are more desirous of becoming werwolves than men, more
+women than men having acquired the property of werwolfery through their
+own act. In the case of women candidates for this evil property, the
+inspiring motive is almost always one of revenge, sometimes on a
+faithless lover, but more often on another woman; and when once women
+metamorphose thus, their craving for human flesh is simply
+insatiable&mdash;in fact, they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278"></a>[<a href="./images/278.png">278</a>]</span>are far more cruel and daring, and much more
+to be dreaded, than male werwolves. The following story seems to bear
+out the truth of this assertion:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctrsc">The Case of Ivan of Shiganska</p>
+
+<p>Shiganska was&mdash;for it no longer exists, having been obliterated about
+fifty years ago by a blizzard&mdash;a small village on the left bank of the
+Petchora, about a hundred miles from its mouth.</p>
+
+<p>Owing chiefly to the character of the adjacent country, Shiganska was
+wanting in every beauty and variety that charms the eye. It was situated
+on a stretch of flat land between two mountain ranges, <i>i.e.</i>, the Ural
+on one side and the Taman on the other, and surrounded by a wood so
+thick that it was with the greatest difficulty anyone could force a way
+into it, supposing they had been sufficiently fortunate to escape
+sticking fast in the morasses of soft, rotten mould, that lie hidden in
+the least suspicious looking places, on its borders. Here were to be
+found lycanthropous blue and white flowers, which those desirous of
+becoming werwolves sought from far and wide, some even coming from
+Siberia, and some from away down South as far as Astrakan. And the woods
+abounded not only in werwolves, but in all sorts of supernatural
+horrors&mdash;phantoms <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279"></a>[<a href="./images/279.png">279</a>]</span>of the dead, <i>i.e.</i> (of murderers and suicides) Vice
+Elementals and Vagrarians, vampires and ghouls; no region in Russia
+boasted so many, and for this reason it was scrupulously avoided by all
+sensible people after sunset.</p>
+
+<p>Ivan, like most of the male inhabitants of Shiganska, lived by the
+chase: the black fox, the sable, the fox with the dark-coloured throat,
+the red fox, white fox, squirrel, ermine, and black bear alike fell
+victims to his gun; whilst in the Petchora, when the weather permitted
+it, he caught, besides many other kinds of fish, a goodly proportion of
+salmon, nelma (a kind of salmon trout), bleak, sturgeon, sterlet, toch&uuml;,
+muksun, omul, and <i>Salmo Lavaretus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>It was a good living, that of the chase, albeit fraught with grave
+dangers; and Ivan, thanks to his exceptional powers with the rod as well
+as the rifle, was on the high road to prosperity.</p>
+
+<p>He lived with his mother and two sisters in a pretty house about a k&ouml;s
+from Shiganska, and facing it was a level stretch of reed-grass
+terminating in the hemlock-covered banks of the Petchora. A few trees,
+chiefly birch and larch, dotted about the reed-grass afforded a
+delightful shade from the fierce heat of the short summer sun; and birds
+of all sorts, whose singing was a source of the keenest delight to Ivan
+and his sisters, made their homes in them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280"></a>[<a href="./images/280.png">280</a>]</span>Unlike any other hunter in Shiganska, Ivan was fond of poetry and
+music; moreover, he had a dreamy disposition, and when his day's work
+was done he was content&mdash;nay, more than content&mdash;to watch the changing
+colours in the sky, or see in the glowing embers of the charcoal fire
+strange scenes and wildly familiar faces.</p>
+
+<p>One morning, in the month of April, Ivan set off to the woods, gun in
+hand, accompanied by his old and faithful dog, Dolk, in search of big
+game. He paused every now and then to look at the ice on the summits of
+the distant mountains. The sunlight falling on it imparted to it many
+different hues, and made it sparkle like flaming jewels. He stopped
+repeatedly to listen to the croaking of the raven, the cawing of the
+crows, and the piping of the bullfinches&mdash;sounds of which he was never
+weary, and never tired of trying to interpret.</p>
+
+<p>On this occasion, as usual, it was not until long after noon that he
+began seriously to think of looking for his quarry, and it was not until
+he had searched for some time that he at length came upon the tracks of
+a wild reindeer. Loosing Dolk, and tightening the buckles of his
+snow-shoes, he set to work to stalk the animal, and eventually sighted
+it browsing on a clump of reed-grass that grew on the bank of a mountain
+stream. The chase now began <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281"></a>[<a href="./images/281.png">281</a>]</span>in earnest. It was a beautiful animal, and
+Ivan strained every effort to get within shooting range by leaping from
+rock to rock, and springing over stream after stream. In this manner he
+had progressed for more than a k&ouml;s, when blood from the feet of the
+reindeer began to be visible on the fresh frozen snow; from its
+faltering pace the poor creature was evidently tired out, and Dolk was
+drawing closer and closer to it. In these circumstances Ivan was
+counting on the likelihood of his soon being near enough to fire, when
+suddenly the joyful barking of the dog changed to a prodigious howl of
+agony. With redoubled speed Ivan pushed ahead, and, presently, at a
+distance of about two gunshots, he saw two small black objects lying on
+the snow covered with blood.</p>
+
+<p>They were the remains of Dolk, who, having come up with the reindeer and
+driven it into a small brook, was keeping it there until Ivan arrived,
+when a hungry wolf had leaped down the side of a rock and, seizing him
+in his powerful jaws, had bitten him in half. The wolf had evidently
+intended to eat Dolk, but, catching sight of Ivan, had made off.</p>
+
+<p>Ivan was inconsolable. Dolk had hunted with him as a puppy of six months
+old, and for eight years the dog had never let him know a hungry day.
+Ivan had been offered ten reindeer for him, but he would not have parted
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282"></a>[<a href="./images/282.png">282</a>]</span>with him for any number, and without Dolk he knew not how to show
+himself at home, for both his mother and sisters were devoted to the
+faithful animal.</p>
+
+<p>Determined on vengeance, Ivan followed the wolf's tracks, which led, by
+an unfamiliar path, to the mouth of a vast and gloomy cavern. There he
+lost sight of them, and he was deliberating what to do next, when a loud
+peal of silvery laughter broke on his ears and awoke the silent echoes
+of the grim walls around him. Ivan started in open-mouthed astonishment.
+Standing before him was a girl more lovely&mdash;ten thousand times more
+lovely&mdash;than any woman he had hitherto seen. To the magic of a beautiful
+form in woman&mdash;the necromancy of female grace&mdash;there was no more ready
+and willing subject than Ivan; and here, at last, he had found grace
+personified, incarnate, the highest ideal of all his wildest and most
+cherished dreams. His most magnificent "castle" had never contained a
+princess half as fair as this one. Her figure was rather above the
+medium height, supple and slender. Her feet and hands were small, her
+wrists well rounded, her fingers long and white, and tipped with pink
+and glossy almond-shaped nails&mdash;if anything a trifle too long. But it
+was her face that so attracted Ivan as to almost hold him
+spellbound&mdash;the neat and delicately <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283"></a>[<a href="./images/283.png">283</a>]</span>moulded features all in perfect
+harmony; the daintily cut lips; the white gleaming teeth; the low
+forehead crowned with golden curls; the long, thick-lashed, blue eyes
+that looked steadily into his, and seemed to read his very soul.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, in her blue eyes there was bewildering depth; a sense of
+coldness that was positively benumbing, and which was reminiscent of the
+blue petrifying waters of the Ural Lakes; a magnetism that was
+paralysing, that held in complete obeisance both mind and limb, and was
+comparable to nothing so nearly as the hypnotic influence of the tiger
+or snake, but which differed from the latter inasmuch as its
+inspirations were just as delightful as those of the tiger and snake are
+harrowing and terrifying.</p>
+
+<p>She was clad from head to foot in fur&mdash;white fur&mdash;but neither her dress
+nor her presence excited any other thoughts in Ivan except those of
+intense admiration&mdash;admiration which surged through every pore of his
+skin.</p>
+
+<p>"Well!" she demanded, "what brings you here, my good man? There is no
+game in this cave."</p>
+
+<p>"Isn't there?" Ivan stammered, his eyes looking at her adoringly. "All
+the same I would cheerfully forgo all the pleasures of the chase to come
+here."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284"></a>[<a href="./images/284.png">284</a>]</span>"You are very gallant for a huntsman, sir," the girl replied with a
+smile; "but for your own sake I must urge you to go away at once. I live
+here with my father&mdash;a confirmed recluse who detests the sight of human
+beings; were he to discover me talking to one I should get into sad
+trouble, and with regard to you I could not say what might happen."</p>
+
+<p>But Ivan came of a race that paid little heed to any warning when once
+their blood was fired; consequently, despite the repeated admonitions of
+his beautiful companion&mdash;admonitions which her eyes seemed to
+contradict&mdash;he stayed and stayed, whilst&mdash;forgetful of mother and
+sisters, home, and even Dolk&mdash;he made a passionate avowal of his love.
+The afternoon quickly passed, and the sun was beginning to set, when the
+girl, whose name he had learned was Breda, almost pushed him out of the
+cavern.</p>
+
+<p>"If you don't go now," she urged, "I may never see you again."</p>
+
+<p>"And would you care?" he asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Perhaps," she replied; "perhaps, just a little&mdash;a wee, wee bit. You
+see, I don't get the opportunity of meeting many people!"</p>
+
+<p>He caught her by the hand and kissed it passionately; and with the sound
+of her light, intoxicating laughter thrilling through his soul, he
+descended to the bed of the mountain <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285"></a>[<a href="./images/285.png">285</a>]</span>streamlet, and turned his steps
+blithely towards home.</p>
+
+<p>That was the beginning, but not the end. He courted her&mdash;he married her
+and she came to live with his mother and sisters, who for his sake tried
+to like her and even pretended that they did like her. But in secret
+they said to one another, "She has no heart; she is cold as an icicle;
+her lips are thin and cruel. She would serve Ivan badly if we were not
+here to check her."</p>
+
+<p>And Breda certainly had her idiosyncrasies. She preferred raw to cooked
+meat, and would not sleep in the same room as her husband. She grew very
+angry when Ivan expostulated, saying, "You promised you would never
+thwart me. If you do not keep your word, I shall despise you, scorn you,
+hate you." And Ivan, who loved his wife beyond anything, yielded.</p>
+
+<p>Some weeks after their marriage, neighbours complained of losing cattle
+and horses. They said there was a wolf about, and that its tracks, which
+they had followed, always ended under the walls of Ivan's house. They
+asked Ivan if he had not heard the brute. But he had heard nothing, he
+slept very soundly. Then they inquired of Ivan's sisters and mother, who
+also replied in the negative; but there was hesitation in their voices,
+and they looked very <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286"></a>[<a href="./images/286.png">286</a>]</span>frightened and ashamed. And then people began to
+talk. They looked at Breda curiously, and finally they cut her. One
+night, when there was a downfall of snow, and the wind howled down the
+chimneys of Ivan's house and blew the snow, with heavy thumps against
+the window-panes, Ivan, who could not sleep for the storm, heard the
+door of Breda's room open very softly, and light steps steal stealthily
+down the passage. Then there came a half-suppressed, half-smothered cry,
+a groan, and all was still. Ivan got out of bed and opened his door, but
+his wife's voice called to him from the darkness and bade him go back.</p>
+
+<p>"Do not be alarmed and make a fuss," she said; "I was ill a moment ago,
+but am quite well again now. Go back to bed at once, or I shall be very
+angry." And Ivan obeyed her.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning his eldest sister, Beata, was found dead in bed, her
+throat, breast, and stomach slit open, as is the custom with wolves, and
+her flesh all mangled and eaten.</p>
+
+<p>Breda took no food that day, and Ivan's mother and other sister,
+Malvina, looked at her out of the corner of their eyes and shuddered.
+But Ivan said nothing. A week later the same fate befell Malvina. Then
+Ivan's mother spoke. She told him that he must assuredly be under some
+evil spell, or he would never remain idle whilst his sisters' destroyer
+was at <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287"></a>[<a href="./images/287.png">287</a>]</span>large, and she adjured him, by all that he held holy, not to
+allow himself a moment's rest till he had had ample vengeance for the
+loss of two such valuable lives.</p>
+
+<p>Roused at last, Ivan, instead of going to bed, sat up, gun in hand, and
+watched. He passed many nights thus, and his patience was well nigh
+exhausted when, during one of the vigils, he fell asleep, dreaming as
+usual of the blue eyes and golden curls of Breda, whose beauty held him
+just as much enthralled as ever. From this slumber he was awakened by
+loud screams for help. Seizing his gun, and taking a random aim at a
+huge white wolf as he went (though without stopping to see the effects
+of the shot), he ran to his mother's bedside. She was dead. Her throat
+and body were slit; but she was not eaten.</p>
+
+<p>Wild with grief and thirsting for revenge, Ivan started off in pursuit
+of the wolf, and discovered, in the passage, a track of blood which
+terminated at his wife's door. Receiving no reply when he asked for
+admittance, he entered the room and found Breda lying on the floor, in
+her nightdress, the blood streaming from a wound in her shoulder. Ivan
+knelt down and examined her. She had been struck by a bullet, and the
+bullet fitted the bore of his gun.</p>
+
+<p>He knew the truth then&mdash;the truth he might have known all along, had he
+not, in his blind <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288"></a>[<a href="./images/288.png">288</a>]</span>love, thrust it far from him&mdash;and, in the sudden
+alteration of his feeling, he raised his knife to kill her. But Breda
+opened her eyes, and the weapon fell from his hand.</p>
+
+<p>"You know part of my secret now," she whispered, "but you don't know
+everything. I am a werwolf, not by inheritance, but of my own free will.
+In order to become one I ate the blue flowers in the wood. I did so to
+be avenged on my husband."</p>
+
+<p>"Your husband!" Ivan cried; "good God! then you were a widow when I met
+you?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," Breda said slowly and with apparent effort. "I was forced into my
+first marriage by my all too worldly parents, and my husband ill-used
+and beat me!"</p>
+
+<p>"The devil! the cold-hearted, cowardly devil!" Ivan ejaculated, "I would
+have killed him."</p>
+
+<p>"That is what I did," Breda remarked; "I did kill him, and it was in
+order to make certain of killing him that I became a werwolf."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you eat him?" Ivan asked, horribly fascinated.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't ask questions," Breda said, averting her eyes, "and for God's
+sake don't lose any more time. As you love me, screen me from detection;
+hide all traces of to-night's handiwork as quickly as possible."</p>
+
+<p>As usual, Ivan did as she requested him, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289"></a>[<a href="./images/289.png">289</a>]</span>giving out that his mother
+had died suddenly, from heart failure, he had her interred with as
+little publicity as possible.</p>
+
+<p>Before very long, however, the neighbours began to ask such pointed
+questions, that Ivan now lived in a state of chronic suspense. He feared
+every moment that the truth would leak out, and that his beautiful young
+wife would receive condign punishment.</p>
+
+<p>At last, finding such a state of apprehension intolerable, he confided
+in an old man who was reputed a sage and metaphysician&mdash;one who was
+extremely well versed in all matters appertaining to the spiritual
+world. "There is only one course to pursue," the old man said, "you must
+have the evil spirit in her exorcized, and you must have it done
+immediately. Otherwise, she will continue her depredations, and your
+good neighbours will find her out and kill her. They more than half
+suspect her now, and are talking of paying a visit some night, when you
+are snug and safe in bed, to the cemetery, to see if the story you told
+them about your mother's and sisters' sudden deaths is correct."</p>
+
+<p>"What kind of exorcism would you use?" Ivan inquired nervously. "You
+would not hurt her?"</p>
+
+<p>"The form of exorcism I should make use of would do her no lasting
+harm," the old <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290"></a>[<a href="./images/290.png">290</a>]</span>man said feelingly; "you can rely on me for that."</p>
+
+<p>"But is exorcism always effectual?" Ivan persisted.</p>
+
+<p>"When exorcism is ineffectual it is the exception, not the rule," the
+old man replied, "and there are very few cases of exorcism being
+employed ineffectually upon those who have become werwolves through the
+practice of magic, or the medium of flowers or of water."</p>
+
+<p>"Should my wife refuse to undergo the ceremony, what would you advise
+then?" Ivan asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Strategy and force," the old man said, "anything to prevent her
+continuing in her demoniacal ways, and being burned or drowned by an
+infuriated mob."</p>
+
+<p>Thus admonished, Ivan, without delay, broached the matter to Breda. But
+she was so angry with him for having dared even to mention exorcism,
+that he thought it best to act on the advice of the old occultist and to
+catch her unawares. Consequently, one evening, when the moon was in the
+full, and she had just changed into wolf form, he stole into her room
+accompanied by the old man and two assistants. After a desperate
+struggle, Ivan and the three exorcists overpowered her, and bound her so
+securely that she could not move.</p>
+
+<p>They then took her out of doors, to a lonely <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291"></a>[<a href="./images/291.png">291</a>]</span>spot at the back of the
+house, and placed her in the centre of an equilateral triangle that had
+been carefully marked on the ground, in red chalk. At seven or eight
+feet to the west of the triangle they then kindled a wood fire, and
+placed over it a vessel containing a fumigation mixture of hypericum,
+vinegar, sulphur, cayenne, and mountain ash berries.</p>
+
+<p>The old man then knelt down, and crossing himself on his forehead and
+chest, prayed vigorously, until the preparation in the pot began to give
+off strong fumes. He then arose, and both he and his assistants took up
+specially prepared switches, cut from a mountain ash, and gripping them
+tightly in their hands, approached the recumbent form of the werwolf.
+This, however, was more than Ivan could stand&mdash;he had objected strongly
+enough to the fumigation, which, being nauseous and irritating, had made
+his wolf-wife gasp and choke; but when it came to flogging her&mdash;well, it
+turned him sick and cold. He forgot discretion, prudence, everything,
+saving the one great fact&mdash;monstrous, incredible, abominable&mdash;that the
+being he loved, adored, and worshipped was about to be beaten with rods!
+With a shout of wrath he rushed at the trio, and snatching their wands
+from them, laid them so soundly about their backs that they all three
+fled from the ground, shrieking with pain and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292"></a>[<a href="./images/292.png">292</a>]</span>terror. Then he knelt by
+his prostrate wife, and cutting the thongs that bound her, set her free.
+She rose on her feet a huge, white wolf. Regarding him steadily for a
+moment from out of her gleaming grey eyes, she swung slowly round, and
+with one more look, more human than animal, she darted swiftly away, and
+was speedily lost in the gloom.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="gap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1_booklist1" id="Page_1_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_1.png">1</a>]</span></p>
+<h1>METHUEN'S</h1>
+<h1>POPULAR NOVELS</h1>
+
+<h2><i>AUTUMN 1912</i></h2>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE BIG FISH</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">H. B. Marriott Watson</span>, Author of 'Alise of Astra.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>July</i></span></p>
+
+<p>This strange tale of adventure in the mountains of Peru has a certain
+basis in fact. 'The Big Fish' is the name by which the lost treasure of
+the Incas is known, and the story describes the search for it, which
+opens in a London auction room and, after many tragic adventures, ends
+in the lonely mountains in a manner which neither of the seekers had
+anticipated, but with which both are satisfied.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">HER SERENE HIGHNESS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Philip Laurence Oliphant</span>.<br /> Cr. 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>July</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Disillusioned, and disgusted with Western civilization, the hero of this
+story, a man of remarkable force and quality, turns to the ideals of the
+East, becomes to all intents an Oriental, and makes for himself a great
+position as the white ruler of a black people in Central India. His wife
+deserted him in early life under a misunderstanding, goes in search of
+him, and finding him at last, throws in her lot with his, and succeeds
+in winning him back; but not until through jealousy and other passions,
+he is forced to witness the sacrifice of his power and fly for very
+life.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">JUDITH LEE: Some Pages from her Life</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Richard Marsh</span>, Author of 'A Royal Indiscretion.' With Four
+Illustrations.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>July</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The world has already been introduced to the famous female detective
+Judith Lee in the pages of the <i>Strand Magazine</i>, where her popularity
+was very great. The child of parents who were teachers of the oral
+system to the deaf and dumb, as soon almost as she learnt to speak she
+learnt to read what people were saying by watching their lips. Devoting
+her whole life to the improvement of a very singular natural aptitude,
+and employing it in the discovery and frustration of crime, she has
+become, as we find in this book, a constant source of wonder and
+delight, and a very encyclop&aelig;dia of adventure.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE OAKUM PICKERS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">L. S. Gibson</span>, Author of 'The Heart of Desire.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>July</i></span></p>
+
+<p>A story treating of modern social life, and incidentally of the
+hardships inflicted by certain phases of the Divorce Laws upon the
+innocent partner in an unhappy marriage. The two very dissimilar women
+are well delineated and contrasted. Cynthia and Elizabeth, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2_booklist1" id="Page_2_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_2.png">2</a>]</span>each in her
+own way, are so human and sympathetic that the reader can hardly fail to
+endorse the quotation on the title-page, 'I do not blame such women, but
+for love they pick much oakum.' The men are drawn with no less strength
+and sincerity; while Lady Juliet&mdash;the brilliant, heartless, little
+<i>mondaine</i> who precipitates the tragedy of three lives&mdash;is a thumb-nail
+sketch of a fascinating, if worthless, type.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">HAUNTING SHADOWS; or, The House of Terror</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">M. F. Hutchinson</span>.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>An English girl, brought up under harsh surroundings, considers that
+opportunity suddenly opens the doors of Life. But these doors swing back
+to the accompaniment of sinister and terrible things. The very threshold
+of the new life is a place of terror. A harsh and inexorable fate forces
+her reluctant feet along a difficult way, where it seems as if none of
+the joys of existence can lighten the darkness. The story shows with
+what results to herself and others Elaine Westcourt became an inmate of
+the 'House of Terror.'</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">A WILDERNESS WOOING</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">W. Victor Cook</span>, Author of 'Anton of the Alps.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>A thrilling story of the early French-Canadian pioneers, and the
+romantic adventures of a young heir to an English earldom. The novel,
+which is full of excitement and dramatic incident, presents a series of
+vivid pictures of the days when the great pathfinder La Salle was
+carrying the lilies of France at utmost hazard into the Western wilds.
+The love interest is strong, and attractively handled, and even such
+strange-seeming affairs as the 'Ship of Women' and the marriage market
+at Quebec have their historical sanction.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">NANCE OF MANCHESTER</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Orme Agnus</span>, Author of 'Sarah Fuldon's Lovers.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Dr. Anthony Belton called Nance 'the bravest girl in Manchester,' and he
+was a good judge. She assumed maternal cares at an early age, and she
+lived for her children. Later she took up her residence in the South of
+England with Mrs. Nolliver, and there struck up a friendship with Miss
+Denise Martayne, a lady whose gifts had put her in an exalted if not a
+happy position. It was a friendship that dispelled gloom and created
+happiness. 'Nance of Manchester' is a tribute to the omnipotence of
+love.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">A KINGDOM DIVIDED</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">David Lisle</span>, Author of 'A Painter of Souls.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>This new novel by the author of <i>A Painter of Souls</i> may be described as
+actively controversial. It deals largely with poignant chapters in the
+life of a young clergyman, and in its pages we find an amazing array of
+startling facts connected with the march of Ritualism <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3_booklist1" id="Page_3_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_3.png">3</a>]</span>and the future of
+England. Side by side with the history of a tragic struggle we find
+glowing descriptions of scenery and of brilliant social life. The scene
+is laid in Devon, and, later on, at Biarritz.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">A WOMAN IN THE LIMELIGHT</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Charles Gleig</span>, Author of 'The Nancy Man&oelig;uvres.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p><i>A Woman in the Limelight</i> presents candidly a typical actress of the
+Musical Comedy Stage, treating of her career and her love affairs with a
+realism that is convincing, but free of offence. The heroine allures and
+for a long time retains the devotion and affection of a typical solitary
+Londoner, who is not less devoted to the <i>bon motif</i>; but the inevitable
+break occurs. There is plenty of humour and of first-hand knowledge in
+this study of upper Bohemian life of to-day, and the characters are
+vividly drawn.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">BURIED ALIVE</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Arnold Bennett</span>, Author of 'Clayhanger.' A New Edition.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>This is a reprint of one of Mr. Bennett's most delightful stories. It
+has been out of print for some time.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE STREET CALLED STRAIGHT</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By the Author of 'The Wild Olive.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The anonymous author of those very interesting novels <i>The Inner Shrine</i>
+and <i>The Wild Olive</i> has in the new book dealt with a financial man's
+case of conscience. The story, which is laid for the most part in
+Boston, illustrates the New England proverb, 'By the street called
+straight'&mdash;should it not be strait?&mdash;'we come to the house called
+beautiful.'</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">IT HAPPENED IN SMYRNA</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Thomas Edgelow</span>.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>A vivid record of Eastern travel and adventure by a new author, who is
+introduced to the novel-reading public by no less a sponsor than
+Baroness von Hutten&mdash;the authoress of <i>Pam</i> whose cheery preface in the
+form of an open letter will be found in Mr. Edgelow's first book. The
+story opens on a German liner off the East African coast, and leads us
+<i>via</i> Port Said to Smyrna. There and in the interior of Turkey-in-Asia
+are laid the scenes of Tony Paynter's adventures. It is in the Smyrna
+bazaars that he and Sylvia Sayers first encounter the Turk who is
+destined to play so important a <i>r&ocirc;le</i> in their two lives, and it is
+from Smyrna that, at last, they sail away when all has happily ended.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">DEVOTED SPARKES</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">W. Pett Ridge</span>, Author of 'Thanks to Sanderson.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Pett Ridge's new novel, an animated story of London life, concerns a
+girl sent out to service by her stepmother. Taking the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4_booklist1" id="Page_4_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_4.png">4</a>]</span>management of
+her career into her own hands, and holding the reins, goes first to a
+house on the north side of Regent's Park, afterwards to the
+neighbourhood of Berkeley Square; and her adventures in both situations,
+her acquaintances, and the person to whom she is devoted, are described
+in Mr. Pett Ridge's brightest manner.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE ANGLO-INDIANS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Alice Perrin</span>, Author of 'The Charm.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The background of this novel is the contrast between official life in
+India and a pensioned existence in England. The theme of the story is
+the affection, almost amounting to a passion, that the heroine feels
+towards India, where she has spent part of her childhood and her early
+girlhood; it leads to a love adventure involving the chief problem
+between the East and West.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE HEATHER MOON</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By C. N. and <span class="smcap">A. M. Williamson</span>, Authors of 'The Lightning Conductor.'<br />
+Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The story of a motor tour in Scotland and many quests. The drama shows
+us a girl in search of her mother, who has her own reasons for not
+wishing to be found by a pretty grown-up daughter. A man in search of
+some lost illusions is also here, and the girl helps him to discover
+that they are not illusions but splendid truths. Other seekers are a
+woman in search of love, and her brother in search of materials for a
+novel. In finding or failing to find these things a romance of a very
+original kind with many conflicting interests has been evolved.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">John Oxenham</span>, Author of 'The Long Road.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>By 'The Golden Rose' the author means the Spirit of Romance&mdash;Love&mdash;and
+all that pertains thereto. The story tells how three very typical
+Englishmen&mdash;surgeon&mdash;artist&mdash;barrister&mdash;encounter it in odd fashion
+while tramping the High Alps, and follow it up each in his own peculiar
+way to his destined end. Their various testings, mental, moral, and
+physical, make the story, which is replete with the joy, the sorrow, and
+the tragedy of life.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">OLIVIA MARY</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">E. Maria Albanesi</span>, Author of 'The Glad Heart.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>In this, her first new novel to be published since <i>The Glad Heart</i>,
+Madame Albanesi strikes new ground. Although full of able and
+sympathetic characterization and that elusive charm which belongs to all
+her books, this story is unlike any that she has yet written. The author
+deals with a problem which is the outcome of emotions at once simple,
+even ordinary, and yet at the same time profound and most touching.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">SALLY</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Dorothea Conyers</span>, Author of 'Two Impostors and Tinker.'<br /> Crown 8vo,
+6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5_booklist1" id="Page_5_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_5.png">5</a>]</span>A hunting novel of Irish life. The scene is laid in the wilds of
+Connemara, where a man suffering from melancholia starts hunting over
+the mountains and the bogs. A seaside lodge close to him is taken by
+some strangers, and the plot of the book then turns on the lonely man,
+who has not spoken for years save when obliged to, being charmed from
+his loneliness by Sally Stannard, and the subsequent complications which
+ensue betwixt her and her various lovers.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">LAMORNA</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">A. Sidgwick</span>, Author of 'The Severins.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The story of two girls united by kinship and affection, but divided by
+character and temperament. Lamorna, the elder one, has to look on while
+her cousin makes a tragedy of her life and successively becomes the
+victim of a rou&eacute; and a mischief-monger. Lamorna's own fate is at one
+time so enmeshed with her cousin's that she requires all her sense and
+strength to escape from the toils set by a man who would override all
+scruple and all honour to win her.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE HAPPY FAMILY</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Frank Swinnerton</span>, Author of 'The Young Idea.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>August</i></span></p>
+
+<p><i>The Happy Family</i> is a realistic comedy of life in London suburbs. The
+scenes are laid principally in Kentish Town, with excursions to
+Hampstead, Highgate, and Gospel Oak; while unusual pictures of the
+publishing trade form a setting to the highly-important office-life of
+the chief male characters. The interplay of diverse temperaments, the
+conflict between the ideal and the actual, are the basis of the story,
+which, however, is concerned with people rather than problems.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">DARNELEY PLACE</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Richard Bagot</span>, Author of 'Donna Diana.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The scene of Mr. Richard Bagot's new novel is laid partly in England and
+partly in Italy. The story turns upon the double life led by a wealthy
+English landowner in consequence of the abduction in his more youthful
+days of the daughter of an old Italian house at a period when he had no
+prospect of succeeding to the position he subsequently attained.
+Incidentally, the novel deals with certain phases of Italian
+Spiritualism, and Mr. Bagot's readers will again resume their
+acquaintance with some of the most sympathetic characters described in
+his previous work <i>The Passport</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">A KNIGHT OF SPAIN</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Marjorie Bowen</span>, Author of 'I Will Maintain.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>This story is laid in the stormy and sombre last half of the sixteenth
+century, and deals with the fortunes of the Royal House of Spain, the
+most powerful, cruel, and tragic dynasty of modern Europe. The hero is
+Charles V's son, the gay, beautiful, and heroic Don Juan of Austria, who
+rose to an unparalleled renown in Christendom as the victor of Lepanto,
+intoxicated himself with visions of a crown and the rank of 'Infant' of
+Spain, and from the moment of his apogee <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6_booklist1" id="Page_6_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_6.png">6</a>]</span>was swiftly cast down by his
+brother, Philip II, sent to undertake the impossible task of ruling the
+Low Countries, and left to die, forsaken, of a mysterious illness, at
+the age of twenty-eight, in a camp outside Namur. The story embraces the
+greater part of this Prince's short life, which was one glowing romance
+of love and war, played in the various splendours of Spain, Genoa,
+Venice, Naples, Sicily, Africa, Paris, and Brussels.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">REMITTANCE BILLY</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Ashton Hilliers</span>, Author of 'Memoirs of a Person of Quality.'<br /> Crown
+8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>In this book Mr. Ashton Hilliers, again finding his material in the
+world we live in, tells of the quite excusable muddling of a straight,
+but rather stupid young gentleman, whose ignorance of 'business' is too
+severely punished by 'business-like relations,' who regard him as
+hopeless, until he, saved by his love of nature, and befriended by
+outsiders who see stuff in the fellow, muddles through, to the surprise
+of his family and himself. There is a nice girl in it, and a militant
+suffragette, but only two unfortunate marriages, and one of these comes
+right at last.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">HONOURS EASY</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">J. O. Arnold</span>, Author of 'The Fiddler.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>The interest of this story centres in the will of a Professor Clifford,
+in which a large sum of money is left to the scientist who shall within
+a specified time finish the testator's life research. Failing its
+completion the money is to revert to his stepdaughter. Humphrey Wyatt
+undertakes the task, incidentally falling in love with the stepdaughter,
+of whose relationship to the Professor he is unaware. What happens
+before and after he discovers her identity makes a charming romantic
+ending to the book.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">LONDON LAVENDER: An Entertainment</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">E. V. Lucas</span>, Author of 'Mr. Ingleside.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>This will make Mr. Lucas's fourth novel, or 'Entertainment' as he
+prefers to call his stories; and readers of the preceding three may find
+some old acquaintances. The scene is again laid principally in London,
+and again an odd company of types converse and have urbane adventures.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE HOLIDAY ROUND</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">A. A. Milne</span>, Author of 'The Day's Play.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Among our younger humorists none has so quickly found his way to the
+hearts of readers as 'A. A. M.' of <i>Punch</i>, whose special gift and
+privilege it is to touch Wednesdays with irresponsibility and fun. He
+has now brought together a further collection of his contributions to
+<i>Punch</i>, similar in character to <i>The Day's Play</i> published two years
+ago. The history of the Rabbits is continued, and is supplemented by
+'Little Plays for Amateurs,' 'Stories of Successful Lives,' and many
+other of his recent dialogues and sketches.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7_booklist1" id="Page_7_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_7.png">7</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="bl1title">THE ROYAL ROAD: Being the Story of the Life, Death, and Resurrection of
+Edward Hankey of London</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Alfred Ollivant</span>, Author of 'Owd Bob.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>In the pages of this book the reader follows the courageous spirit of a
+working man down the alley of life. We hear his laughter; share his
+joys; and watch the heroic struggle of his soul against the circumstance
+that is oppressing him. The book, remorseless in its representation of
+things as they are, is strong in hope: for it finds its inspiration in
+the Love that shall some day conquer the world. It is a story for all
+who seek to succour our England in her distress. To read it is to
+understand something of her troubles of this present time, and to have a
+glimpse of the glory that shall be revealed in her. A stern book, it is
+to those who read aright a joyful one. For it is a prophecy of dawn.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">MARY PECHELL</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Belloc Lowndes</span>, Author of 'The Uttermost Farthing,' etc.<br /> Crown
+8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>In her new novel Mrs. Belloc Lowndes returns to the manner of <i>Barbara
+Rebell</i>. It is an ample, spacious tale of English country-house life,
+laid in a quiet Sussex village, dominated by the ruins of an ancient
+castle, the scene of the last Lord Wolferstan's lawless but not ignoble
+passion. The writer shows all her old power of presenting the passion of
+love in each of its Protean phases. Mary Pechell herself is a lovely,
+gracious figure, whose compelling charm the reader feels from the first.
+In half-humorous, half-pathetic contrast is the middle-aged romance of
+Miss Rose Charnwood, touched with the tenderest sentiment, and not
+belied by the happiness in store both for her and for Mary Pechell
+herself.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE SILVER DRESS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">George Norman</span>, Author of 'Lady Fanny.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>A novel describing the life of an attractive and still young woman whose
+circumstances are those of so many others of her type in England, for
+she has no acquaintances but women, is approaching 'the youth of middle
+age' without yet knowing love or any vital interest. Then, quite
+unexpectedly, adventure, and, subsequently, love coming to her, she
+lives for the first time.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE SUBURBAN</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">H. C. Bailey</span>, Author of 'Storm and Treasure.'<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s.
+<span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>In this novel Mr. H. C. Bailey, who is best known by his spirited
+historical romances, has deserted the past for the present. He tells a
+story of modern London. The scenes are laid in poor middle-class life,
+in the worlds of journalism and theoretical revolutionaries and
+business. His hero is one of the most ordinary of men, fighting his way
+up from the borders of poverty to respectable suburban comfort. With him
+is contrasted a much more brilliant creature, an apostle of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8_booklist1" id="Page_8_booklist1"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist1_8.png">8</a>]</span>the newest
+creeds of revolt. Both have to do with the master of one of the great
+modern organizations of finance and industry. In the heroine Mr. Bailey
+has given us a study of one of the newest types of young women of the
+middle class.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">BETTY HARRIS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Jennette Lee</span>, Author of 'Uncle William' and 'Happy Island.'<br /> Crown
+8vo, 3s. 6d. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>Betty Harris, the only child of an American millionaire, strays one day
+into the shop of a Greek fruit-dealer, Achilles Alexandrakis, and
+watches the flight of a butterfly that the Greek liberates from its grey
+cocoon. The story is of the friendship that grew out of this meeting,
+and a rescue that grew out of the friendship. This blend of the spirit
+of the old world and the new, meeting in the grimy Chicago shop and
+finding out their need of each other, gives the book a piquancy.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE FOOL IN CHRIST</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">Gerhart Hauptmann</span>.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>A translation of Hauptmann's most wonderful novel&mdash;a work that attempts
+to place the living human Christ before sophisticated twentieth-century
+eyes. Whatever other effect it may have, the book cannot fail to cause
+discussion. In Quint, a figure at once pathetic and inspiring, the
+author has drawn a character whose divine charm should be felt by every
+reader.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">CHARLES THE GREAT</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">H. H. Penrose</span>, Author of 'The Sheltered Woman,' etc.<br /> Crown 8vo,
+6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Charles the Great</i> is a very light comedy, and it therefore counts as a
+new departure for Mrs. H. H. Penrose. Those who like their fiction to
+provide them with 'a good laugh' will doubtless prefer this book, which
+is packed from cover to cover with mirth-provoking material, to those
+other books by the same author, in which humour acts chiefly as
+train-bearer to tragedy. The determination of Charles to invent for
+himself a greatness which he is incapable of otherwise achieving, and
+its effect on his circle of intimates, are set forth in an exceedingly
+lively story, the plot of which it would be unfair to give away.</p>
+
+
+<p class="bl1title">THE ACE OF HEARTS</p>
+
+<p class="bl1author">By <span class="smcap">C. Thomas-Stanford</span>.<br /> Crown 8vo, 6s. <span class="ralign">[<i>September</i></span></p>
+
+<p>An English Member of Parliament, spending a holiday in the Portuguese
+island of Madeira in January 1912, becomes unwittingly privy to a plot
+against the Republican Government. The conspirators, fearful that he
+will betray their secrets, make him prisoner; but he escapes to
+experience a series of adventures on the rugged coast, and amid the wild
+mountains of the island. Through the tangled web of plot and
+counter-plot runs the thread of a love story.</p>
+
+<p class="p4">METHUEN &amp; CO. LTD., 36 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.</p>
+
+
+<p class="gap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1_booklist2" id="Page_1_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_1.png">1</a>]</span></p>
+<h2>A SELECTION OF BOOKS</h2>
+<h2>PUBLISHED BY METHUEN</h2>
+<h2>AND CO. LTD., LONDON</h2>
+<h2>36 ESSEX STREET</h2>
+<h2>W.C.</h2>
+
+<p class="smallgap">&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CONTENTS</h3>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="Table of Contents for Booklist" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdright" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:x-small">PAGE</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">General Literature</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_2_booklist2">2</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Ancient Cities</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_12_booklist2">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Antiquary's Books</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_12_booklist2">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Arden Shakespeare</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_13_booklist2">13</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Classics of Art</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_13_booklist2">13</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">"Complete" Series</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_13_booklist2">13</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Connoisseur's Library</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_14_booklist2">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Handbooks of English Church History</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_14_booklist2">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Handbooks of Theology</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_14_booklist2">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">"Home Life" Series</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_14_booklist2">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin" style="padding-right: 5em;">Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_15_booklist2">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Leaders of Religion</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_15_booklist2">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Library of Devotion</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_16_booklist2">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Little Books on Art</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_16_booklist2">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Little Galleries</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_17_booklist2">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Little Guides</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_17_booklist2">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Little Library</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_18_booklist2">18</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Little Quarto Shakespeare</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_19_booklist2">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Miniature Library</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_19_booklist2">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">New Library of Medicine</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_19_booklist2">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">New Library of Music</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_19_booklist2">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Oxford Biographies</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_19_booklist2">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Three Plays</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_20_booklist2">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">States of Italy</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_20_booklist2">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Westminster Commentaries</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_20_booklist2">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">"Young" Series</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_20_booklist2">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Shilling Library</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_21_booklist2">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">Books for Travellers</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_21_booklist2">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">Some Books on Art</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_21_booklist2">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">Some Books on Italy</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_22_booklist2">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">Fiction</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_23_booklist2">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Two-Shilling Novels</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_27_booklist2">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Books for Boys and Girls</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_27_booklist2">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Shilling Novels</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_28_booklist2">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Novels of Alexandre Dumas</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_28_booklist2">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftin">Sixpenny Books</td>
+  <td class="tdright"><a href="#Page_29_booklist2">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="p4">JULY 1912</p>
+
+<p class="gap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2_booklist2" id="Page_2_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_2.png">2</a>]</span></p>
+<h3>A SELECTION OF</h3>
+<h2><span class="smcap">Messrs. Methuen's</span></h2>
+<h3>PUBLICATIONS</h3>
+
+
+<p>In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
+that the book is in the press.</p>
+
+<p>Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. <span class="smcap">Methuen's</span> Novels issued
+at a price above <i>2s. 6d.</i>, and similar editions are published of some
+works of General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation
+in the British Colonies and India.</p>
+
+<p>All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought
+at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to
+the discount which the bookseller allows.</p>
+
+<p>Messrs. <span class="smcap">Methuen's</span> books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If
+there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very
+glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be
+sent on receipt of the published price <i>plus</i> postage for net books, and
+of the published price for ordinary books.</p>
+
+<p>This Catalogue contains only a selection of the more important books
+published by Messrs. Methuen. A complete and illustrated catalogue of
+their publications may be obtained on application.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Andrewes (Lancelot).</b> PRECES PRIVATAE. Translated and edited, with Notes,
+by <span class="smcap">F. E. Brightman</span>. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Aristotle.</b> THE ETHICS. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by <span class="smcap">John
+Burnet</span>. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Atkinson (C. T.).</b> A HISTORY OF GERMANY, 1715-1815. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
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+
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+<i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
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+<i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
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+8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
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+
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3_booklist2" id="Page_3_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_3.png">3</a>]</span>
+THE TRAGEDY OF THE C&AElig;SARS: <span class="smcap">A Study of the Characters of the C&aelig;sars of
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+<i>3s. 6d.</i> *<i>Also Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
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+SONG. English Folk Songs with their Traditional Melodies. <i>Demy 4to.</i>
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+<i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Beckford (Peter).</b> THOUGHTS ON HUNTING. Edited by <span class="smcap">J. Otho Paget</span>.
+Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bennett (W. H.)</b> and <b>Adeney (W. F.)</b>. A BIBLICAL INTRODUCTION. With a
+concise Bibliography. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d.</i> <i>Also in Two
+Volumes.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>Each 3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
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+
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+<i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Blake (William).</b> ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOOK OF JOB. With a General
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+
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+<i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
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+
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+
+
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+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE ROMANCE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Braid (James).</b> ADVANCED GOLF. Illustrated. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Brodrick (Mary)</b> and <b>Morton (A. Anderson)</b>. A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF
+EGYPTIAN ARCH&AElig;OLOGY. A Handbook for Students and Travellers.
+Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Browning. (Robert).</b> PARACELSUS. Edited with an Introduction, Notes, and
+Bibliography by <span class="smcap">Margaret L. Lee</span> and <span class="smcap">Katharine B. Locock</span>. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Buckton (A. M.).</b> EAGER HEART: A Christmas Mystery-Play. <i>Tenth Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bull (Paul).</b> GOD AND OUR SOLDIERS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Burns (Robert).</b> THE POEMS AND SONGS. Edited by <span class="smcap">Andrew Lang</span> and <span class="smcap">W. A.
+Craigie</span>. With Portrait. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Wide Demy 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Calman (W. T.).</b> THE LIFE OF CRUSTACEA. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Carlyle (Thomas).</b> THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Edited by <span class="smcap">C. R. L. Fletcher</span>.
+<i>Three Volumes.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>18s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LETTERS AND SPEECHES OF OLIVER CROMWELL. With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">C.
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+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>18s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4_booklist2" id="Page_4_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_4.png">4</a>]</span>
+<b>Celano (Brother Thomas of).</b> THE LIVES OF S. FRANCIS OF ASSISI.
+Translated by <span class="smcap">A. G. Ferrers Howell</span>. With a Frontispiece. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Chambers (Mrs. Lambert).</b> LAWN TENNIS FOR LADIES. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Chesser, (Elizabeth Sloan).</b> PERFECT HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Chesterfield (Lord).</b> THE LETTERS OF THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD TO HIS SON.
+Edited, with an Introduction by <span class="smcap">C. Strachey</span>, and Notes by <span class="smcap">A. Calthrop</span>.
+<i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>12s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Chesterton (G. K.).</b> CHARLES DICKENS. With two Portraits in Photogravure.
+<i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">TREMENDOUS TRIFLES. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ALARMS AND DISCURSIONS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BALLAD OF THE WHITE HORSE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*TYPES OF MEN. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Clausen (George).</b> SIX LECTURES ON PAINTING. Illustrated. <i>Third
+Edition.</i> <i>Large Post 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">AIMS AND IDEALS IN ART. Eight Lectures delivered to the Students of the
+Royal Academy of Arts. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Large Post 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Clutton-Brock (A.).</b> SHELLEY: THE MAN AND THE POET. Illustrated. <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Cobb (W. F.).</b> THE BOOK OF PSALMS. With an Introduction and Notes. <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Conrad (Joseph).</b> THE MIRROR OF THE SEA: Memories and Impressions. <i>Third
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
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+8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Correvon (H.).</b> ALPINE FLORA. Translated and enlarged by <span class="smcap">E. W.
+Clayforth</span>. Illustrated. <i>Square Demy 8vo.</i> <i>16s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Coulton (G. G.).</b> CHAUCER AND HIS ENGLAND. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Cowper (William).</b> THE POEMS. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by <span class="smcap">J.
+C. Bailey</span>. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Cox (J. C.).</b> RAMBLES IN SURREY. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Crowley (Ralph H.).</b> THE HYGIENE OF SCHOOL LIFE. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Davis (H. W. C.).</b> ENGLAND UNDER THE NORMANS AND ANGEVINS: 1066-1272.
+<i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dawbarn (Charles).</b> FRANCE AND THE FRENCH. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dearmer (Mabel).</b> A CHILD'S LIFE OF CHRIST. Illustrated. <i>Large Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Deffand (Madame du).</b> LETTRES DE MADAME DU DEFFAND &Agrave; HORACE WALPOLE.
+Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Index, by Mrs. <span class="smcap">Paget Toynbee</span>. <i>In
+Three Volumes.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>&pound;3 3s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dickinson (G. L.).</b> THE GREEK VIEW OF LIFE. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Crown
+8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ditchfield (P. H.).</b> THE PARISH CLERK. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE OLD-TIME PARSON. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE OLD ENGLISH COUNTRY SQUIRE. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ditchfield (P. H.)</b> and <b>Roe (Fred)</b>. VANISHING ENGLAND. The Book by P. H.
+Ditchfield. Illustrated by <span class="smcap">Fred Roe</span>. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Wide Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Douglas (Hugh A.).</b> VENICE ON FOOT. With the Itinerary of the Grand
+Canal. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Round corners.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">VENICE AND HER TREASURES. Illustrated. <i>Round corners.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dowden (J.).</b> FURTHER STUDIES IN THE PRAYER BOOK. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Driver (S. R.).</b> SERMONS ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE OLD TESTAMENT.
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dumas (Alexandre).</b> THE CRIMES OF THE BORGIAS AND OTHERS. With an
+Introduction by <span class="smcap">R. S. Garnett</span>. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CRIMES OF URBAIN GRANDIER AND OTHERS. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CRIMES OF THE MARQUISE DE BRINVILLIERS AND OTHERS. Illustrated. <i>Cr.
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+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CRIMES OF ALI PACHA AND OTHERS. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5_booklist2" id="Page_5_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_5.png">5</a>]</span>
+MY MEMOIRS. Translated by <span class="smcap">E. M. Waller</span>. With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Andrew
+Lang</span>. With Frontispieces in Photogravure. In six Volumes. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s. each volume.</i></p>
+
+<table summary="Six Volumes of Alexander Dumas' Memoirs" style="margin-left: 10%" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. I.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft" style="padding-right: 5em;">1802-1821.</td>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. IV.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">1830-1831.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. II.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">1822-1825.</td>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. V.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">1831-1832.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. III.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">1826-1830.</td>
+  <td class="tdrightsc">Vol. VI.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">1832-1833.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MY PETS. Newly translated by <span class="smcap">A. R. Allinson</span>. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Duncan (F. M.).</b> OUR INSECT FRIENDS AND FOES. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dunn-Pattison (R. P.).</b> NAPOLEON'S MARSHALS. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>Second Edition.</i> <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BLACK PRINCE. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Durham (The Earl of).</b> THE REPORT ON CANADA. With an Introductory Note.
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>4s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dutt (W. A.).</b> THE NORFOLK BROADS. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Egerton (H. E).</b> A SHORT HISTORY OF BRITISH COLONIAL POLICY. <i>Third
+Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Evans (Herbert A.).</b> CASTLES OF ENGLAND AND WALES. Illustrated. <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Exeter (Bishop of).</b> REGNUM DEI. (The Bampton Lectures of 1901.) <i>A
+Cheaper Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ewald (Carl).</b> MY LITTLE BOY. Translated by <span class="smcap">Alexander Teixeira de Mattos</span>.
+Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Fairbrother (W. H.).</b> THE PHILOSOPHY OF T. H. GREEN. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>ffoulkes (Charles).</b> THE ARMOURER AND HIS CRAFT. Illustrated. <i>Royal
+4to.</i> <i>&pound;2 2s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Firth (C. H.).</b> CROMWELL'S ARMY: A History of the English Soldier during
+the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate. Illustrated.
+<i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Fisher (H. A. L.).</b> THE REPUBLICAN TRADITION IN EUROPE. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>FitzGerald (Edward).</b> THE RUBA'IYAT OF OMAR KHAYY&Aacute;M. Printed from the
+Fifth and last Edition. With a Commentary by <span class="smcap">H. M. Batson</span>, and a
+Biographical Introduction by <span class="smcap">E. D. Ross</span>. <i>Cr. 8vo. 6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Flux (A. W.).</b> ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Fraser (J. F.).</b> ROUND THE WORLD ON A WHEEL. Illustrated. <i>Fifth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Galton (Sir Francis).</b> MEMORIES OF MY LIFE. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gibbins (H. de B.).</b> INDUSTRY IN ENGLAND: HISTORICAL OUTLINES. With Maps
+and Plans. <i>Seventh Edition, Revised.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. With 5 Maps and a Plan. <i>Eighteenth
+and Revised Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORMERS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gibbon (Edward).</b> THE MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF EDWARD GIBBON. Edited by <span class="smcap">G.
+Birkbeck Hill</span>. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Edited, with Notes,
+Appendices, and Maps, by <span class="smcap">J. B. Bury</span>. Illustrated. <i>In Seven Volumes.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>Each 10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Also in Seven Volumes.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s. each.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Glover (T. R.).</b> THE CONFLICT OF RELIGIONS IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE.
+<i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Godley (A.D.).</b> LYRA FRIVOLA. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">VERSES TO ORDER. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SECOND STRINGS. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gostling (Frances M.).</b> THE BRETONS AT HOME. Illustrated. <i>Third
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">AUVERGNE AND ITS PEOPLE. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Gray (Arthur).</b> CAMBRIDGE AND ITS STORY. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Grahame (Kenneth).</b> THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS. Illustrated. <i>Sixth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Granger (Frank).</b> HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY: <span class="smcap">a Text-Book of Politics</span>. <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Grew (Edwin Sharpe).</b> THE GROWTH OF A PLANET. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Griffin (W. Hall)</b> and <b>Minchin (H. C.)</b>. THE LIFE OF ROBERT BROWNING.
+Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hale (J. R.).</b> FAMOUS SEA FIGHTS: <span class="smcap">from Salamis to Tsu-shima</span>. Illustrated.
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6_booklist2" id="Page_6_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_6.png">6</a>]</span>
+*<b>Hall (H. R.).</b> THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE NEAR EAST FROM THE EARLIEST
+PERIOD TO THE PERSIAN INVASION OF GREECE. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hannay (D.).</b> A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ROYAL NAVY. Vol. I., 1217-1688. Vol.
+II., 1689-1815. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>Each 7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Harper (Charles G.).</b> THE AUTOCAR ROAD-BOOK. With Maps. <i>In Four
+Volumes.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>Each 7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">Vol. I.&mdash;<span class="smcap">South of The Thames.</span></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">Vol. II.&mdash;<span class="smcap">North and South Wales and West Midlands.</span></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">Vol. III.&mdash;<span class="smcap">East Anglia and East Midlands.</span></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*Vol. IV.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The North of England and South of Scotland.</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Harris (Frank).</b> THE WOMEN OF SHAKESPEARE. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hassall (Arthur).</b> THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Headley (F. W.).</b> DARWINISM AND MODERN SOCIALISM. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Henderson (M. Sturge).</b> GEORGE MEREDITH: NOVELIST, POET, REFORMER. With a
+Portrait. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Henley (W. E.).</b> ENGLISH LYRICS: CHAUCER TO POE. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hill (George Francis).</b> ONE HUNDRED MASTERPIECES OF SCULPTURE.
+Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hind (C. Lewis).</b> DAYS IN CORNWALL. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hobhouse (L. T.).</b> THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hobson (J. A.).</b> INTERNATIONAL TRADE: <span class="smcap">An Application of Economic Theory</span>.
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PROBLEMS OF POVERTY: <span class="smcap">An Inquiry into the Industrial Condition of the
+Poor</span>. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PROBLEM OF THE UNEMPLOYED: <span class="smcap">An Enquiry and an Economic Policy</span>. <i>Fifth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hodgson (Mrs W.).</b> HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN. Illustrated.
+<i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Post 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Holdich (Sir T. H.).</b> THE INDIAN BORDERLAND, 1880-1900. Illustrated.
+<i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Holdsworth (W. S.).</b> A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LAW. <i>In Four Volumes.</i> <i>Vols.
+I., II., III.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>Each 10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Holland (Clive).</b> TYROL AND ITS PEOPLE. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BELGIANS AT HOME. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Horsburgh (E. L. S.).</b> LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT: <span class="smcap">and Florence in her
+Golden Age</span>. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">WATERLOO: <span class="smcap">a Narrative and a Criticism</span>. With Plans. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LIFE OF SAVONAROLA. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hosie (Alexander).</b> MANCHURIA. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hudson (W. H.).</b> A SHEPHERD'S LIFE: <span class="smcap">Impressions of the South Wiltshire
+Downs</span>. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Humphreys (John H.).</b> PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hutchinson (Horace G.).</b> THE NEW FOREST. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hutton (Edward).</b> THE CITIES OF SPAIN. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CITIES OF UMBRIA. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE CITIES OF LOMBARDY. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">FLORENCE AND NORTHERN TUSCANY WITH GENOA. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SIENA AND SOUTHERN TUSCANY. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">VENICE AND VENETIA. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ROME. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">COUNTRY WALKS ABOUT FLORENCE. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Fcap.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">IN UNKNOWN TUSCANY. With Notes by <span class="smcap">William Heywood</span>. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A BOOK OF THE WYE. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ibsen (Henrik).</b> BRAND. A Dramatic Poem, Translated by <span class="smcap">William Wilson</span>.
+<i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Inge (W. R.).</b> CHRISTIAN MYSTICISM. (The Bampton Lectures of 1899.)
+<i>Second and Cheaper Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7_booklist2" id="Page_7_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_7.png">7</a>]</span>
+<b>Innes (A. D.).</b> A HISTORY OF THE BRITISH IN INDIA. With Maps and Plans.
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ENGLAND UNDER THE TUDORS. With Maps. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Innes (Mary).</b> SCHOOLS OF PAINTING. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Jenks (E.).</b> AN OUTLINE OF ENGLISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+Revised by <span class="smcap">R. C. K. Ensor</span>, <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH LAW: <span class="smcap">from the Earliest Times to the End of
+the Year 1911</span>. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Jerningham (Charles Edward).</b> THE MAXIMS OF MARMADUKE. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Johnston (Sir H. H.).</b> BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Illustrated. <i>Third
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 4to.</i> <i>18s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE NEGRO IN THE NEW WORLD. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>21s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Julian (Lady) of Norwich.</b> REVELATIONS OF DIVINE LOVE. Edited by <span class="smcap">Grace
+Warrack</span>. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Keats (John).</b> THE POEMS. Edited with Introduction and Notes by E. de
+<span class="smcap">S&eacute;lincourt</span>. With a Frontispiece in Photogravure. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Keble (John).</b> THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. With an Introduction and Notes by <span class="smcap">W.
+Lock</span>. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Kempis (Thomas &agrave;).</b> THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. From the Latin, with an
+Introduction by <span class="smcap">Dean Farrar</span>. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Kingston (Edward).</b> A GUIDE TO THE BRITISH PICTURES IN THE NATIONAL
+GALLERY. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Kipling (Rudyard).</b> BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS. <i>108th Thousand.</i> <i>Thirty-first
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i> Also <i>Fcap. 8vo, Leather</i>. <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SEVEN SEAS. <i>89th Thousand.</i> <i>Nineteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i>
+Also <i>Fcap. 8vo, Leather</i>. <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE FIVE NATIONS. <i>72nd Thousand.</i> <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i>
+Also <i>Fcap. 8vo, Leather</i>. <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DEPARTMENTAL DITTIES. <i>Twentieth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i> Also <i>Fcap.
+8vo, Leather</i>. <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b><a name="Lamb_Charles" id="Lamb_Charles"></a>Lamb (Charles</b> and <b>Mary</b>). THE COMPLETE WORKS. Edited with an Introduction
+and Notes by <span class="smcap">E. V. Lucas</span>. <i>A New and Revised Edition in Six Volumes.
+With Frontispiece.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. each.</i> The volumes are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="smcap">i. Miscellaneous Prose. ii. Elia and the Last Essays of Elia. iii. Books
+for Children. iv. Plays and Poems. v.</span> and <span class="smcap">vi. Letters.</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lankester (Sir Ray).</b> SCIENCE FROM AN EASY CHAIR. Illustrated. <i>Fifth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Le Braz (Anatole).</b> THE LAND OF PARDONS. Translated by <span class="smcap">Frances M.
+Gostling</span>. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lock (Walter).</b> ST. PAUL, THE MASTER-BUILDER. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BIBLE AND CHRISTIAN LIFE. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lodge (Sir Oliver).</b> THE SUBSTANCE OF FAITH, ALLIED WITH SCIENCE: A
+Catechism for Parents and Teachers. <i>Eleventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>2s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MAN AND THE UNIVERSE: <span class="smcap">A Study of the Influence of the Advance in
+Scientific Knowledge upon our understanding of Christianity</span>. <i>Ninth
+Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i> <i>Also Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SURVIVAL OF MAN. <span class="smcap">A Study in Unrecognised Human Faculty.</span> <i>Fifth
+Edition.</i> <i>Wide Crown 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">REASON AND BELIEF. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*MODERN PROBLEMS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lorimer (George Horace).</b> LETTERS FROM A SELF-MADE MERCHANT TO HIS SON.
+Illustrated. <i>Twenty-second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i> <i>Also Fcap.
+8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">OLD GORGON GRAHAM. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lucas (E. V.).</b> THE LIFE OF CHARLES LAMB. Illustrated. <i>Fifth Edition.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A WANDERER IN HOLLAND. Illustrated. <i>Thirteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A WANDERER IN LONDON. Illustrated. <i>Twelfth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A WANDERER IN PARIS. Illustrated. <i>Ninth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i>
+<i>Also Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*A WANDERER IN FLORENCE. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE OPEN ROAD: A Little Book for Wayfarers. <i>Eighteenth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i>; <i>India Paper, 7s. 6d.</i> *<i>Also Illustrated in colour.</i> <i>Cr.
+4to.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8_booklist2" id="Page_8_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_8.png">8</a>]</span>THE FRIENDLY TOWN: A Little Book for the Urbane. <i>Sixth Edition.</i>
+<i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i>; <i>India Paper, 7s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">FIRESIDE AND SUNSHINE. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHARACTER AND COMEDY. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
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+
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+8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
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+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9_booklist2" id="Page_9_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_9.png">9</a>]</span></p><p class="secth"><b>Millais (J. G.).</b> THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF SIR JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS.
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+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pakes (W. C. C).</b> THE SCIENCE OF HYGIENE. Illustrated. <i>Second and
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+
+
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+
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+<p class="bl2title"><span class="smcap">Vol. IV. Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty. J. P. Mahaffy.</span></p>
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+
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="smcap">Vol. VI. Egypt in the Middle Ages. Stanley Lane-Poole.</span></p>
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+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pollard (Alfred W.).</b> SHAKESPEARE FOLIOS AND QUARTOS. A Study in the
+Bibliography of Shakespeare's Plays, 1594-1685. Illustrated. <i>Folio.</i>
+<i>21s. net.</i></p>
+
+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Price (L. L.).</b> A SHORT HISTORY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN ENGLAND FROM ADAM
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+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10_booklist2" id="Page_10_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/10.png">booklist2_10</a>]</span><b>Robertson (C. Grant).</b> SELECT STATUTES, CASES, AND DOCUMENTS, 1660-1894.
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>St. Francis of Assisi.</b> THE LITTLE FLOWERS OF THE GLORIOUS MESSER, AND OF
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+
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+
+
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+<p class="bl2title">JACK'S INSECTS. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+
+
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+
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+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Stevenson (R. L.).</b> THE LETTERS OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. Edited by Sir
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Stevenson (M. I.).</b> FROM SARANAC TO THE MARQUESAS AND BEYOND. Being
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+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s. net.</i></p>
+
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+Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s. net.</i></p>
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Taylor (Mrs. Basil) (Harriet Osgood).</b> JAPANESE GARDENS. Illustrated.
+<i>Cr. 4to.</i> <i>21s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Thibaudeau (A. C.).</b> BONAPARTE AND THE CONSULATE. Translated and Edited
+by <span class="smcap">G. K. Fortescue</span>. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Thomas (Edward).</b> MAURICE MAETERLINCK. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Thompson (Francis).</b> SELECTED POEMS OF FRANCIS THOMPSON. With a
+Biographical Note by <span class="smcap">Wilfrid Meynell</span>. With a Portrait in Photogravure.
+<i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Tileston (Mary W.).</b> DAILY STRENGTH FOR DAILY NEEDS. <i>Nineteenth
+Edition.</i> <i>Medium 16mo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Lambskin 3s. 6d. net.</i> Also an
+edition in superior binding, <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE STRONGHOLD OF HOPE. <i>Medium 16mo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Toynbee (Paget).</b> DANTE ALIGHIERI <span class="smcap">His Life and Works</span>. With 16
+Illustrations. <i>Fourth and Enlarged Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11_booklist2" id="Page_11_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/11.png">booklist2_11</a>]</span></p><p class="secth"><b>Trevelyan (G. M.).</b> ENGLAND UNDER THE STUARTS. With Maps and Plans.
+<i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Triggs (H. Inigo).</b> TOWN PLANNING: <span class="smcap">Past, Present, and Possible</span>.
+Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Wide Royal 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Turner (Sir Alfred E.).</b> SIXTY YEARS OF A SOLDIER'S LIFE. <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Underhill (Evelyn).</b> MYSTICISM. A Study in the Nature and Development of
+Man's Spiritual Consciousness. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Underwood (F. M.).</b> UNITED ITALY. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Urwick (E. J.).</b> A PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL PROGRESS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Vaughan (Herbert M.).</b> THE NAPLES RIVIERA. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">FLORENCE AND HER TREASURES. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>Round corners.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Vernon (Hon. W. Warren).</b> READINGS ON THE INFERNO OF DANTE. With an
+Introduction by the <span class="smcap">Rev. Dr. Moore</span>. <i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">READINGS ON THE PURGATORIO OF DANTE. With an Introduction by the late
+<span class="smcap">Dean Church</span>. <i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">READINGS ON THE PARADISO OF DANTE. With an Introduction by the <span class="smcap">Bishop of
+Ripon</span>. <i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wade (G. W.), and Wade (J. H.).</b> RAMBLES IN SOMERSET. Illustrated. <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Waddell (L. A.).</b> LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES. With a Record of the
+Expedition of 1903-1904. Illustrated. <i>Third and Cheaper Edition.</i>
+<i>Medium 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wagner</b> (Richard). RICHARD WAGNER'S MUSIC DRAMAS: Interpretations,
+embodying Wagner's own explanations. By <span class="smcap">Alice Leighton Cleather</span> and
+<span class="smcap">Basil Crump</span>. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. each.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="bl2title"><span class="smcap">The Ring of the Nibelung.</span> <i>Fifth Edition.</i></p>
+<p class="bl2titlesc">Parsifal, Lohengrin, and the Holy Grail.</p>
+<p class="bl2titlesc">Tristan and Isolde.</p>
+<p class="bl2titlesc">Tannh&auml;user and the Mastersingers of Nuremberg.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Waterhouse (Elizabeth).</b> WITH THE SIMPLE-HEARTED: Little Homilies to
+Women in Country Places. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE HOUSE BY THE CHERRY TREE. A Second Series of Little Homilies to
+Women in Country Places. <i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">COMPANIONS OF THE WAY. Being Selections for Morning and Evening Reading.
+Chosen and arranged by <span class="smcap">Elizabeth Waterhouse</span>. <i>Large Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THOUGHTS OF A TERTIARY. <i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>Waters (W. G.). ITALIAN SCULPTORS AND SMITHS. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Watt (Francis).</b> EDINBURGH AND THE LOTHIANS. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">*<b>Wedmore (Sir Frederick).</b> MEMORIES. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Weigall (Arthur E. P.).</b> A GUIDE TO THE ANTIQUITIES OF UPPER EGYPT: From
+Abydos to the Sudan Frontier. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth">Welch (Catharine). THE LITTLE DAUPHIN. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wells (J.).</b> OXFORD AND OXFORD LIFE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s.
+6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A SHORT HISTORY OF ROME. <i>Eleventh Edition.</i> With 3 Maps. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wilde (Oscar).</b> THE WORKS OF OSCAR WILDE. <i>In Twelve Volumes.</i> <i>Fcap.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<span class="smcap">i. Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and the Portrait of Mr. W. H. ii. The
+Duchess of Padua. iii. Poems. iv. Lady Windermere's Fan. v. A Woman of
+No Importance. vi. An Ideal Husband. vii. The Importance of being
+Earnest. viii. A House of Pomegranates. ix. Intentions. x. De Profundis
+and Prison Letters. xi. Essays. xii. Salom&eacute;, A Florentine Tragedy</span>, and
+<span class="smcap">La Sainte Courtisane</span>.
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Williams (H. Noel).</b> THE WOMEN BONAPARTES. The Mother and three Sisters
+of Napoleon. Illustrated. <i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>24s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A ROSE OF SAVOY: <span class="smcap">Marie Ad&eacute;la&iuml;de of Savoy, Duchesse de Bourgogne, Mother
+of Louis xv</span>. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE FASCINATING DUC DE RICHELIEU: <span class="smcap">Louis Fran&ccedil;ois Armand du Plessis
+(1696-1788)</span>. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A PRINCESS OF ADVENTURE: <span class="smcap">Marie Caroline, Duchesse de Berry</span> (1798-1870).
+Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12_booklist2" id="Page_12_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_12.png">12</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="secth"><b>Wood (Sir Evelyn).</b> FROM MIDSHIPMAN TO FIELD-MARSHAL. Illustrated.
+<i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Also Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE REVOLT IN HINDUSTAN (1857-59). Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wood (W. Birkbeck), and Edmonds (Col. J. E.).</b> A HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR
+IN THE UNITED STATES (1861-5). With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Spenser
+Wilkinson</span>. With 24 Maps and Plans. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wordsworth (W.).</b> THE POEMS. With an Introduction and Notes by <span class="smcap">Nowell C.
+Smith</span>. <i>In Three Volumes.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Yeats (W. B.).</b> A BOOK OF IRISH VERSE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s.
+6d.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><span class="smcap">Part II.&mdash;A Selection of Series.</span></h2>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Ancient Cities.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">General Editor, B. C. A. WINDLE.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>4s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">With Illustrations by <span class="smcap">E. H. New</span>, and other Artists.</p>
+
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="titles in Ancient Cities series" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Bristol.</span> Alfred Harvey.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Edinburgh.</span> M. G. Williamson.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Canterbury.</span> J. C. Cox.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Lincoln.</span> E. Mansel Sympson.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Chester.</span> B. C. A. Windle.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Shrewsbury.</span> T. Auden.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft" style="padding-right: 5em;"><span class="smcap">Dublin.</span> S. A. O. Fitzpatrick.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Wells and Glastonbury.</span> T. S. Holmes.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The Antiquary's Books.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">General Editor, J. CHARLES COX</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">With Numerous Illustrations.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Arch&aelig;ology and False Antiquities.</span> R. Munro.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Bells of England, The.</span> Canon J. J. Raven. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Brasses of England, The.</span> Herbert W. Macklin. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times.</span> J. Romilly Allen. <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Castles and Walled Towns of England, The.</span> A. Harvey.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Domesday Inquest, The.</span> Adolphus Ballard.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Church Furniture.</span> J. C. Cox and A. Harvey. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Costume.</span> From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Eighteenth
+Century. George Clinch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Monastic Life.</span> Abbot Gasquet. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Seals.</span> J. Harvey Bloom.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Folk-Lore as an Historical Science.</span> Sir G. L. Gomme.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Gilds and Companies of London, The.</span> George Unwin.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Manor and Manorial Records, The.</span> Nathaniel J. Hone. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Medi&aelig;val Hospitals of England, The.</span> Rotha Mary Clay.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Old English Instruments of Music.</span> F. W. Galpin. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Old English Libraries.</span> James Hutt.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Old Service Books of the English Church.</span> Christopher Wordsworth, and
+Henry Littlehales. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Parish Life in Medi&aelig;val England.</span> Abbot Gasquet. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Parish Registers of England, The.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Remains of the Prehistoric Age in England.</span> B. C. A. Windle. <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Roman Era in Britain, The.</span> J. Ward.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Romano-British Buildings and Earthworks.</span> J. Ward.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Royal Forests of England, The.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Shrines of British Saints.</span> J. C. Wall.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13_booklist2" id="Page_13_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_13.png">13</a>]</span>
+<b>The Arden Shakespeare.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">An edition of Shakespeare in single Plays; each edited with a full
+Introduction, Textual Notes, and a Commentary at the foot of the page.</p>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="Arden Shakespeare volumes" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">All's Well That Ends Well.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Measure for Measure.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Antony and Cleopatra.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Merchant of Venice, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Cymbeline.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Merry Wives of Windsor, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Comedy of Errors, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Midsummer Night's Dream, A.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc"><span class="smcap">Hamlet.</span> <i>Third Edition.</i></td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Othello.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Julius Caesar.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Pericles.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">*King Henry iv. Pt. i.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Romeo and Juliet.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Henry v.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Taming of the Shrew, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Henry vi. Pt. i.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tempest, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Henry vi. Pt. ii.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Timon of Athens.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Henry vi. Pt. iii.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Titus Andronicus.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Lear.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Troilus and Cressida.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">*King Richard ii.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Two Gentlemen of Verona, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">King Richard iii.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Twelfth Night.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc" style="padding-right: 5em;">Life and Death of King John, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Venus and Adonis.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Love's Labour's Lost.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">*Winter's Tale, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Macbeth.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Classics of Art.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by <span class="smcap">Dr.</span> J. H. W. LAING.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>With numerous Illustrations.</i> <i>Wide Royal 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Art of the Greeks.</span> H. B. Walters. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Art of the Romans.</span> H. B. Walters. <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Chardin.</span> H. E. A. Furst. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Donatello.</span> Maud Cruttwell. <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florentine Sculptors of the Renaissance.</span> Wilhelm Bode. Translated by
+Jessie Haynes. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">George Romney.</span> Arthur B. Chamberlain. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Ghirlandaio.</span> Gerald S. Davies. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Michelangelo.</span> Gerald S. Davies. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rubens.</span> Edward Dillon. <i>25s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Raphael.</span> A. P. Opp&eacute;. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rembrandt's Etchings.</span> A. M. Hind.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Sir Thomas Lawrence.</span> Sir Walter Armstrong. <i>21s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Titian.</span> Charles Ricketts. <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Tintoretto.</span> Evelyn March Phillipps. <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Turner's Sketches and Drawings.</span> A. J. Finberg. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Velazquez.</span> A. de Beruete. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The "Complete" Series.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Fully Illustrated.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Billiard Player.</span> Charles Roberts. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Cook.</span> Lilian Whitling. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Cricketer.</span> Albert E. Knight. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Foxhunter.</span> Charles Richardson. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Golfer.</span> Harry Vardon. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Twelfth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Hockey-Player.</span> Eustace E. White. <i>5s. net.</i> <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Lawn Tennis Player.</span> A. Wallis Myers. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Third
+Edition, Revised.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Motorist.</span> Filson Young. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i> <i>New Edition
+(Seventh).</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Mountaineer.</span> G. D. Abraham. <i>15s. net.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Oarsman.</span> R. C. Lehmann. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Photographer.</span> R. Child Bayley. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Fourth
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Rugby Footballer, on the New Zealand System.</span> D. Gallaher
+and W. J. Stead. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Shot.</span> G. T. Teasdale-Buckell. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Third
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Complete Swimmer.</span> F. Sachs. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">The Complete Yachtsman.</span> B. Heckstall-Smith and E. du Boulay. <i>15s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14_booklist2" id="Page_14_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_14.png">14</a>]</span>
+<b>The Connoisseur's Library.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>With numerous Illustrations.</i> <i>Wide Royal 8vo.</i> <i>25s. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Furniture.</span> F. S. Robinson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Coloured Books.</span> Martin Hardie.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Etchings.</span> Sir F. Wedmore. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">European Enamels.</span> Henry H. Cunynghame.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Glass.</span> Edward Dillon.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work.</span> Nelson Dawson. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Illuminated Manuscripts.</span> J. A. Herbert. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Ivories.</span> Alfred Maskell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Jewellery.</span> H. Clifford Smith. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Mezzotints.</span> Cyril Davenport.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Miniatures.</span> Dudley Heath.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Porcelain.</span> Edward Dillon.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Fine Books.</span> A. W. Pollard.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Seals.</span> Walter de Gray Birch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Wood Sculpture.</span> Alfred Maskell. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Handbooks of English Church History.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by J. H. BURN. <i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Foundations of the English Church.</span> J. H. Maude.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Saxon Church and the Norman Conquest.</span> C. T. Cruttwell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Medi&aelig;val Church and the Papacy.</span> A. C. Jennings.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Reformation Period.</span> Henry Gee.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Struggle with Puritanism.</span> Bruce Blaxland.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Church of England in the Eighteenth Century.</span> Alfred Plummer.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Handbooks of Theology.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Doctrine of the Incarnation.</span> R. L. Ottley. <i>Fifth Edition, Revised.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Early Christian Doctrine.</span> J. F. Bethune-Baker. <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">An Introduction to the History of Religion.</span> F. B. Jevons. <i>Fifth
+Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">An Introduction to the History of the Creeds.</span> A. E. Burn. <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Philosophy of Religion in England and America.</span> Alfred Caldecott.
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The</span> XXXIX <span class="smcap">Articles of the Church of England</span>. Edited by E. C. S. Gibson.
+<i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The "Home Life" Series.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>6s. to 10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in America.</span> Katherine G. Busbey. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in France.</span> Miss Betham-Edwards. <i>Fifth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Germany.</span> Mrs. A. Sidgwick. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Holland.</span> D. S. Meldrum. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Italy.</span> Lina Duff Gordon. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Norway.</span> H. K. Daniels.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Russia.</span> Dr. A. S. Rappoport.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Spain.</span> S. L. Bensusan. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15_booklist2" id="Page_15_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_15.png">15</a>]</span>
+<b>The Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Old Coloured Books.</span> George Paston. <i>2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Life and Death of John Mytton, Esq.</span> Nimrod. <i>Fifth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Life of a Sportsman.</span> Nimrod.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Handley Cross.</span> R. S. Surtees. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour.</span> R. S. Surtees. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Jorrocks's Jaunts and Jollities.</span> R. S. Surtees. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Ask Mamma.</span> R. S. Surtees.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Analysis of the Hunting Field.</span> R. S. Surtees.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of the Picturesque.</span> William Combe.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of Consolation.</span> William Combe.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Third Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of a Wife.</span> William Combe.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The History of Johnny Quae Genus.</span> The Author of 'The Three Tours.'</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The English Dance of Death</span>, from the Designs of T. Rowlandson, with
+Metrical Illustrations by the Author of 'Doctor Syntax.' <i>Two Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Dance of Life:</span> A Poem. The Author of 'Dr. Syntax.'</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Life in London.</span> Pierce Egan.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Real Life in London.</span> An Amateur (Pierce Egan). <i>Two Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Life of an Actor.</span> Pierce Egan.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Vicar of Wakefield.</span> Oliver Goldsmith.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Military Adventures of Johnny Newcome.</span> An Officer.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The National Sports of Great Britain.</span> With Descriptions and 50 Coloured
+Plates by Henry Alken.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Adventures of a Post Captain.</span> A Naval Officer.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Gamonia.</span> Lawrence Rawstorne.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">An Academy for Grown Horsemen.</span> Geoffrey Gambado.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Real Life in Ireland.</span> A Real Paddy.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Adventures of Johnny Newcome in the Navy.</span> Alfred Burton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Old English Squire.</span> John Careless.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The English Spy.</span> Bernard Blackmantle. <i>Two Volumes.</i> <i>7s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>WITH PLAIN ILLUSTRATIONS.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Grave:</span> A Poem. Robert Blair.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Illustrations of the Book of Job.</span> Invented and engraved by William
+Blake.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Windsor Castle.</span> W. Harrison Ainsworth.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Tower of London.</span> W. Harrison Ainsworth.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Frank Fairlegh.</span> F. E. Smedley.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Compleat Angler.</span> Izaak Walton and Charles Cotton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Pickwick Papers.</span> Charles Dickens.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Leaders of Religion.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by H. C. BEECHING. <i>With Portraits.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>2s. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cardinal Newman.</span> R. H. Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Wesley.</span> J. H. Overton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Bishop Wilberforce.</span> G. W. Daniell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cardinal Manning.</span> A. W. Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Charles Simeon.</span> H. C. G. Moule.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Knox.</span> F. MacCunn. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Howe.</span> R. F. Horton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Thomas Ken.</span> F. A. Clarke.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">George Fox, the Quaker.</span> T. Hodgkin. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Keble.</span> Walter Lock.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Thomas Chalmers.</span> Mrs. Oliphant. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lancelot Andrewes.</span> R. L. Ottley. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Augustine of Canterbury.</span> E. L. Cutts.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">William Laud.</span> W. H. Hutton. <i>Third Ed.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Donne.</span> Augustus Jessop.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Thomas Cranmer.</span> A. J. Mason.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Latimer.</span> R. M. Carlyle and A. J. Carlyle.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Bishop Butler.</span> W. A. Spooner.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16_booklist2" id="Page_16_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_16.png">16</a>]</span>
+<b>The Library of Devotion.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">With Introductions and (where necessary) Notes.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Small Pott 8vo, cloth, 2s.; leather, 2s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Confessions of St. Augustine.</span> <i>Seventh Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Imitation of Christ.</span> <i>Sixth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Christian Year.</span> <i>Fifth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lyra Innocentium.</span> <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Temple.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Book of Devotions.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life.</span> <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Guide to Eternity.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Inner Way.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">On the Love of God.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Psalms of David.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lyra Apostolica.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Song of Songs.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Thoughts of Pascal.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Manual of Consolation from the Saints and Fathers.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Devotions from the Apocrypha.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Spiritual Combat.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Devotions of St. Anselm.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Bishop Wilson's Sacra Privata.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lyra Sacra: A Book of Sacred Verse.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Day Book from the Saints and Fathers.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Little Book of Heavenly Wisdom.</span> A Selection from the English Mystics.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Light, Life, and Love.</span> A Selection from the German Mystics.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">An Introduction to the Devout Life.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Little Flowers of the Glorious Messer St. Francis and of his Friars.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Death and Immortality.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Spiritual Guide.</span> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Devotions for Every Day in the Week and the Great Festivals.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Preces Privatae.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Horae Mysticae:</span> A Day Book from the Writings of Mystics of Many Nations.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Little Books on Art.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>With many Illustrations.</i> <i>Demy 16mo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p>Each volume consists of about 200 pages, and contains from 30 to 40
+Illustrations, including a Frontispiece in Photogravure.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Albrecht D&uuml;rer.</span> L. J. Allen.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Arts of Japan, The.</span> E. Dillon. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Bookplates.</span> E. Almack.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Botticelli.</span> Mary L. Bonnor.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Burne-Jones.</span> F. de Lisle.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cellini.</span> R. H. H. Cust.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Christian Symbolism.</span> Mrs. H. Jenner.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Christ in Art.</span> Mrs. H. Jenner.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Claude.</span> E. Dillon.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Constable.</span> H. W. Tompkins. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Corot.</span> A. Pollard and E. Birnstingl.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Enamels.</span> Mrs. N. Dawson. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Frederic Leighton.</span> A. Corkran.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">George Romney.</span> G. Paston.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Greek Art.</span> H. B. Walters. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Greuze and Boucher.</span> E. F. Pollard.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Holbein.</span> Mrs. G. Fortescue.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Illuminated Manuscripts.</span> J. W. Bradley.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Jewellery.</span> C. Davenport.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Hoppner.</span> H. P. K. Skipton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sir Joshua Reynolds.</span> J. Sime. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Millet.</span> N. Peacock.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Miniatures.</span> C. Davenport.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Our Lady in Art.</span> Mrs. H. Jenner.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Raphael.</span> A. R. Dryhurst.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rembrandt.</span> Mrs. E. A. Sharp.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Rodin.</span> Muriel Ciolkowska.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Turner.</span> F. Tyrrell-Gill.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Vandyck.</span> M. G. Smallwood.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Velazquez.</span> W. Wilberforce and A. R. Gilbert.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Watts.</span> R. E. D. Sketchley. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17_booklist2" id="Page_17_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_17.png">17</a>]</span>
+<b>The Little Galleries.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Demy 16mo.</i> <i>2s. 6d. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p>Each volume contains 20 plates in Photogravure, together with a short
+outline of the life and work of the master to whom the book is devoted.</p>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="titles in Little Galleries series" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc" style="padding-right: 5em;">A Little Gallery of Reynolds.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">A Little Gallery of Millais.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">A Little Gallery of Romney.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">A Little Gallery of English Poets.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">A Little Gallery of Hoppner.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The Little Guides.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">With many Illustrations by <span class="smcap">E. H. New</span> and other artists, and from
+photographs.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Small Pott 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. net; leather, 3s. 6d. net, each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p>The main features of these Guides are (1) a handy and charming form; (2)
+illustrations from photographs and by well-known artists; (3) good plans
+and maps; (4) an adequate but compact presentation of everything that is
+interesting in the natural features, history, arch&aelig;ology, and
+architecture of the town or district treated.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cambridge and its Colleges.</span> A. H. Thompson. <i>Third Edition, Revised.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Channel Islands, The.</span> E. E. Bicknell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">English Lakes, The.</span> F. G. Brabant.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Isle of Wight, The.</span> G. Clinch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">London.</span> G. Clinch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Malvern Country, The.</span> B. C. A. Windle.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">North Wales.</span> A. T. Story.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Oxford and its Colleges.</span> J. Wells. <i>Ninth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Shakespeare's Country.</span> B. C. A. Windle. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">St. Paul's Cathedral.</span> G. Clinch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Westminster Abbey.</span> G. E. Troutbeck. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Berkshire.</span> F. G. Brabant.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Buckinghamshire.</span> E. S. Roscoe.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cheshire.</span> W. M. Gallichan.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cornwall.</span> A. L. Salmon.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Derbyshire.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Devon.</span> S. Baring-Gould. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Dorset.</span> F. R. Heath. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Essex.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Hampshire.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Hertfordshire.</span> H. W. Tompkins.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Kent.</span> G. Clinch.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Kerry.</span> C. P. Crane.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Leicestershire and Rutland.</span> A. Harvey and V. B. Crowther-Beynon.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Middlesex.</span> J. B. Firth.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Monmouthshire.</span> G. W. Wade and J. H. Wade.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Norfolk.</span> W. A. Dutt. <i>Second Edition, Revised.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Northamptonshire.</span> W. Dry. <i>Second Ed.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Northumberland.</span> J. E. Morris.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Nottinghamshire.</span> L. Guilford.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Oxfordshire.</span> F. G. Brabant.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Shropshire.</span> J. E. Auden.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Somerset.</span> G. W. and J. H. Wade. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Staffordshire.</span> C. Masefield.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Suffolk.</span> W. A. Dutt.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Surrey.</span> J. C. Cox.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sussex.</span> F. G. Brabant. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Wiltshire.</span> F. R. Heath.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Yorkshire, The East Riding.</span> J. E. Morris.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Yorkshire, The North Riding.</span> J. E. Morris.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Yorkshire, The West Riding.</span> J. E. Morris. <i>Cloth, 3s. 6d. net; leather,
+4s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Brittany.</span> S. Baring-Gould.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Normandy.</span> C. Scudamore.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rome.</span> C. G. Ellaby.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sicily.</span> F. H. Jackson.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18_booklist2" id="Page_18_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_18.png">18</a>]</span>
+<b>The Little Library.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">With Introductions, Notes, and Photogravure Frontispieces.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>Each Volume, cloth, 1s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Anon.</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF ENGLISH LYRICS. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Austen (Jane).</b> PRIDE AND PREJUDICE. <i>Two Volumes.</i> NORTHANGER ABBEY.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bacon (Francis).</b> THE ESSAYS OF LORD BACON.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Barham (R. H.).</b> THE INGOLDSBY LEGENDS. <i>Two Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Barnett (Annie).</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF ENGLISH PROSE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Beckford (William).</b> THE HISTORY OF THE CALIPH VATHEK.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Blake (William).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE WORKS OF WILLIAM BLAKE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Borrow (George).</b> LAVENGRO. <i>Two Volumes.</i> THE ROMANY RYE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Browning (Robert).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE EARLY POEMS OF ROBERT BROWNING.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Canning (George).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE ANTI-JACOBIN: with some later
+Poems by <span class="smcap">George Canning</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Cowley (Abraham).</b> THE ESSAYS OF ABRAHAM COWLEY.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Crabbe (George).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF GEORGE CRABBE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Craik (Mrs.).</b> JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN. <i>Two Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Crashaw (Richard).</b> THE ENGLISH POEMS OF RICHARD CRASHAW.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dante Alighieri.</b> THE INFERNO OF DANTE. Translated by <span class="smcap">H. F. Cary</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PURGATORIO OF DANTE. Translated by <span class="smcap">H. F. Cary</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PARADISO OF DANTE. Translated by <span class="smcap">H. F. Cary</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Darley (George).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF GEORGE DARLEY.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Deane (A. C.).</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF LIGHT VERSE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dickens (Charles).</b> CHRISTMAS BOOKS. <i>Two Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ferrier (Susan).</b> MARRIAGE. <i>Two Volumes.</i> THE INHERITANCE. <i>Two
+Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gaskell (Mrs.).</b> CRANFORD. <i>Second Ed.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hawthorne (Nathaniel).</b> THE SCARLET LETTER.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Henderson (T. F.).</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF SCOTTISH VERSE.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Kinglake (A. W.).</b> EOTHEN. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lamb (Charles).</b> ELIA, AND THE LAST ESSAYS OF ELIA.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Locker (F.).</b> LONDON LYRICS.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Marvell (Andrew).</b> THE POEMS OF ANDREW MARVELL.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Milton (John).</b> THE MINOR POEMS OF JOHN MILTON.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Moir (D. M.).</b> MANSIE WAUCH.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Nichols (Bowyer).</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF ENGLISH SONNETS.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Smith (Horace and James).</b> REJECTED ADDRESSES.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Sterne (Laurence).</b> A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Tennyson (Alfred, Lord).</b> THE EARLY POEMS OF ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON. IN
+MEMORIAM. THE PRINCESS. MAUD.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Thackeray (W. M.).</b> VANITY FAIR. <i>Three Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PENDENNIS. <i>Three Volumes.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HENRY ESMOND.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHRISTMAS BOOKS.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Vaughan (Henry).</b> THE POEMS OF HENRY VAUGHAN.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Waterhouse (Elizabeth).</b> A LITTLE BOOK OF LIFE AND DEATH. <i>Thirteenth
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wordsworth (W.).</b> SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.</p>
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wordsworth (W.)</b> and <b>Coleridge (S. T.)</b>. LYRICAL BALLADS. <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19_booklist2" id="Page_19_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_19.png">19</a>]</span>
+<b>The Little Quarto Shakespeare.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by W. J. CRAIG. With Introductions and Notes.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Pott 16mo.</i> <i>In 40 Volumes.</i> <i>Leather, price 1s. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Mahogany Revolving Book Case.</i> <i>10s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Miniature Library.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Demy 32mo.</i> <i>Leather, 1s. net each volume.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Euphranor:</span> A Dialogue on Youth. Edward FitzGerald.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Life of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury.</span> Written by himself.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Polonius:</span> or Wise Saws and Modern Instances. Edward FitzGerald.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Rub&aacute;iy&aacute;t of Omar Khayy&aacute;m.</span> Edward FitzGerald. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The New Library of Medicine.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by C. W. SALEEBY. <i>Demy 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Care of the Body, The.</span> F. Cavanagh. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Children of the Nation, The.</span> The Right Hon. Sir John Gorst. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Control of a Scourge</span>; or, How Cancer is Curable, The. Chas. P. Childe.
+<i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Diseases of Occupation.</span> Sir Thomas Oliver. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second
+Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Drink Problem</span>, in its Medico-Sociological Aspects, The. Edited by T. N.
+Kelynack. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Drugs and the Drug Habit.</span> H. Sainsbury.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Functional Nerve Diseases.</span> A. T. Schofield. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Hygiene of Mind, The.</span> T. S. Clouston. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Infant Mortality.</span> Sir George Newman. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Prevention of Tuberculosis (Consumption), The.</span> Arthur Newsholme. <i>10s.
+6d. net.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Air and Health.</span> Ronald C. Macfie. <i>7s. 6d. net.</i> <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The New Library of Music.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by ERNEST NEWMAN. <i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Brahms.</span> J. A. Fuller-Maitland. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Handel.</span> R. A. Streatfeild. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Hugo Wolf.</span> Ernest Newman.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Oxford Biographies.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>Each volume, cloth, 2s. 6d. net; leather,
+3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Dante Alighieri.</span> Paget Toynbee. <i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Girolamo Savonarola.</span> E. L. S. Horsburgh. <i>Fourth Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Howard.</span> E. C. S. Gibson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Alfred Tennyson.</span> A. C. Benson. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sir Walter Raleigh.</span> I. A. Taylor.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Erasmus.</span> E. F. H. Capey.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Pretender.</span> C. S. Terry.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Robert Burns.</span> T. F. Henderson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Chatham.</span> A. S. McDowall.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Francis of Assisi.</span> Anna M. Stoddart.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Canning.</span> W. Alison Phillips.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Beaconsfield.</span> Walter Sichel.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Johann Wolfgang Goethe.</span> H. G. Atkins.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Fran&ccedil;ois de F&eacute;nelon.</span> Viscount St. Cyres.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20_booklist2" id="Page_20_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_20.png">20</a>]</span>
+<b>Three Plays.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Honeymoon.</span> A Comedy in Three Acts. Arnold Bennett. <i>Second Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Milestones.</span> Arnold Bennett and Edward Knoblauch. <i>Second Edition</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Kismet.</span> Edward Knoblauch.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The States of Italy.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">Edited by E. ARMSTRONG and R. LANGTON DOUGLAS.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Milan under the Sforza.</span> Cecilia M. Ady. <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Verona.</span> A. M. Allen. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Perugia.</span> W. Heywood. <i>12s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The Westminster Commentaries.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">General Editor, WALTER LOCK.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Demy 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Acts of the Apostles.</span> Edited by R. B. Rackham. <i>Sixth Edition.</i>
+<i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians.</span> Edited by H.
+L. Goudge. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Book of Exodus.</span> Edited by A. H. M'Neile. With a Map and 3 Plans.
+<i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Book of Ezekiel.</span> Edited by H. A. Redpath. <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Book of Genesis.</span> Edited with Introduction and Notes by S. R. Driver.
+<i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Book of the Prophet Isaiah.</span> Edited by G. W. Wade. <i>10s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Additions and Corrections in the Seventh and Eighth Editions of The Book
+of Genesis.</span> S. R. Driver. <i>1s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Book of Job.</span> Edited by E. C. S. Gibson. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Epistle of St. James.</span> Edited with Introduction and Notes by R. J.
+Knowling. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The "Young" Series.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Crown 8vo.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Botanist.</span> W. P. Westell and C. S. Cooper. <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Carpenter.</span> Cyril Hall. <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Electrician.</span> Hammond Hall. <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Engineer.</span> Hammond Hall. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Naturalist.</span> W. P. Westell. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Young Ornithologist.</span> W. P. Westell. <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21_booklist2" id="Page_21_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_21.png">21</a>]</span>
+<b>Methuen's Shilling Library.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Condition of England, The.</span> G. F. G. Masterman.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">De Profundis.</span> Oscar Wilde.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">From Midshipman to Field-Marshal.</span> Sir Evelyn Wood, F.M., V.C.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Ideal Husband, An.</span> Oscar Wilde.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Jimmy Glover, His Book.</span> James M. Glover.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">John Boyes, King of the Wa-Kikuyu.</span> John Boyes.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lady Windermere's Fan.</span> Oscar Wilde.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Letters from a Self-Made Merchant to his Son.</span> George Horace Lorimer.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Life of John Ruskin, The.</span> W. G. Collingwood.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Life of Robert Louis Stevenson, The.</span> Graham Balfour.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Life of Tennyson, The.</span> A. C. Benson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Little of Everything, A.</span> E. V. Lucas.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lord Arthur Savile's Crime.</span> Oscar Wilde.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lore of the Honey-Bee, The.</span> Tickner Edwardes.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Man and the Universe.</span> Sir Oliver Lodge.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Mary Magdalene.</span> Maurice Maeterlinck.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Selected Poems.</span> Oscar Wilde.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sevastopol, and Other Stories.</span> Leo Tolstoy.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Blue Bird.</span> Maurice Maeterlinck.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Under Five Reigns.</span> Lady Dorothy Nevill.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Vailima Letters.</span> Robert Louis Stevenson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Vicar of Morwenstow, The.</span> S. Baring-Gould.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Books for Travellers.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>6s. each.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Each volume contains a number of Illustrations in Colour.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">A Wanderer in Florence.</span> E. V. Lucas.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Wanderer in Paris.</span> E. V. Lucas.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Wanderer in Holland.</span> E. V. Lucas.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Wanderer in London.</span> E. V. Lucas.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Norfolk Broads.</span> W. A. Dutt.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The New Forest.</span> Horace G. Hutchinson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Naples.</span> Arthur H. Norway.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Cities of Umbria.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Cities of Spain.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">The Cities of Lombardy.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florence and Northern Tuscany, with Genoa.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Siena and Southern Tuscany.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rome.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Venice and Venetia.</span> Edward Hutton.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Bretons at Home.</span> F. M. Gostling.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Land of Pardons</span> (Brittany). Anatole Le Braz.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Book of the Rhine.</span> S. Baring-Gould.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Naples Riviera.</span> H. M. Vaughan.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Days in Cornwall.</span> C. Lewis Hind.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Through East Anglia in a Motor Car.</span> J. E. Vincent.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Skirts of the Great City.</span> Mrs. A. G. Bell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Round about Wiltshire.</span> A. G. Bradley.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Scotland of To-day.</span> T. F. Henderson and Francis Watt.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Norway and its Fjords.</span> M. A. Wyllie.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Some Books on Art.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Art and Life.</span> T. Sturge Moore. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Aims and Ideals in Art.</span> George Clausen. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Large Post 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Six Lectures on Painting.</span> George Clausen. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i>
+<i>Large Post 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Francesco Guardi</span>, 1712-1793. G. A. Simonson. Illustrated. <i>Imperial
+4to.</i> <i>&pound;2 2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Illustrations of the Book of Job.</span> William Blake. <i>Quarto.</i> <i>&pound;1 1s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">John Lucas, Portrait Painter</span>, 1828-1874. Arthur Lucas. Illustrated.
+<i>Imperial 4to.</i> <i>&pound;3 3s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">One Hundred Masterpieces of Painting.</span> With an Introduction by R. C.
+Witt. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Guide to the British Pictures in the National Gallery.</span> Edward
+Kingston. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22_booklist2" id="Page_22_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_22.png">22</a>]</span>
+<span class="smcap">One Hundred Masterpieces of Sculpture.</span> With an Introduction by G. F.
+Hill. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Romney Folio.</span> With an Essay by A. B. Chamberlain. <i>Imperial Folio.</i>
+<i>&pound;15 15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Saints in Art.</span> Margaret E. Tabor. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Schools of Painting.</span> Mary Innes. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Post Impressionists.</span> C. Lewis Hind. Illustrated. <i>Royal 8vo.</i> <i>7s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times.</span> J. R. Allen. Illustrated.
+<i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">"<span class="smcap">Classics of Art.</span>" See page <a href="#Page_13_booklist2">13</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">"<span class="smcap">The Connoisseur's Library.</span>" See page <a href="#Page_14_booklist2">14</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">"<span class="smcap">Little Books on Art.</span>" See page <a href="#Page_16_booklist2">16</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">"<span class="smcap">The Little Galleries.</span>" See page <a href="#Page_17_booklist2">17</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Some Books on Italy.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Milan under the Sforza.</span> Cecilia M. Ady. Illustrated. <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Verona.</span> A. M. Allen. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A History of Perugia.</span> William Heywood. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s.
+6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Lakes of Northern Italy.</span> Richard Bagot. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Woman in Italy.</span> W. Boulting. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Old Etruria and Modern Tuscany.</span> Mary L. Cameron. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florence and the Cities of Northern Tuscany, with Genoa.</span> Edward Hutton.
+Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Siena and Southern Tuscany.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">In Unknown Tuscany.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Venice and Venetia.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Venice on Foot.</span> H. A. Douglas. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Venice and Her Treasures.</span> H. A. Douglas. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">The Doges of Venice.</span> Mrs. Aubrey Richardson. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i>
+<i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florence:</span> Her History and Art to the Fall of the Republic. F. A. Hyett.
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Florence and Her Treasures.</span> H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Country Walks about Florence.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Naples: Past and Present.</span> A. H. Norway. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Naples Riviera.</span> H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sicily:</span> The New Winter Resort. Douglas Sladen. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sicily.</span> F. H. Jackson. Illustrated. <i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>Cloth, 2s. 6d.
+net; leather, 3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rome.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">A Roman Pilgrimage.</span> R. E. Roberts. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Rome.</span> C. G. Ellaby. Illustrated. <i>Small Pott 8vo.</i> <i>Cloth, 2s. 6d. net;
+leather, 3s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Cities of Umbria.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">The Cities of Lombardy.</span> Edward Hutton. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Lives of S. Francis of Assisi.</span> Brother Thomas of Celano. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lorenzo the Magnificent.</span> E. L. S. Horsburgh. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Girolamo Savonarola.</span> E. L. S. Horsburgh. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">St. Catherine of Siena and Her Times.</span> By the Author of "Mdlle Mori."
+Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Dante and his Italy.</span> Lonsdale Ragg. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>12s. 6d.
+net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Dante Alighieri:</span> His Life and Works. Paget Toynbee. Illustrated. <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Medici Popes.</span> H. M. Vaughan. Illustrated. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>15s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Shelley and His Friends in Italy.</span> Helen R. Angeli. Illustrated. <i>Demy
+8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Home Life in Italy.</span> Lina Duff Gordon. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Skies Italian:</span> A Little Breviary for Travellers in Italy. Ruth S.
+Phelps. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">A Wanderer in Florence.</span> E. V. Lucas. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">United Italy.</span> F. M. Underwood. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>10s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23_booklist2" id="Page_23_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_23.png">23</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><span class="smcap">Part III.&mdash;A Selection of Works of Fiction</span></h2>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Albanesi (E. Maria).</b> SUSANNAH AND ONE OTHER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LOVE AND LOUISA. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BROWN EYES OF MARY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">I KNOW A MAIDEN. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE INVINCIBLE AMELIA: <span class="smcap">or, The Polite Adventuress</span>. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GLAD HEART. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*OLIVIA MARY. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bagot (Richard).</b> A ROMAN MYSTERY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PASSPORT. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ANTHONY CUTHBERT. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LOVE'S PROXY. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DONNA DIANA. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CASTING OF NETS. <i>Twelfth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE HOUSE OF SERRAVALLE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bailey (H. C.).</b> STORM AND TREASURE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LONELY QUEEN. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Baring-Gould (S.).</b> IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MARGERY OF QUETHER. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE QUEEN OF LOVE. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">JACQUETTA. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">KITTY ALONE. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">NO&Eacute;MI. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BROOM-SQUIRE. Illustrated. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DARTMOOR IDYLLS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GUAVAS THE TINNER. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BLADYS OF THE STEWPONEY. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PABO THE PRIEST. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">WINEFRED. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ROYAL GEORGIE. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHRIS OF ALL SORTS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">IN DEWISLAND. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MRS. CURGENVEN OF CURGENVEN. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Barr (Robert).</b> IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE COUNTESS TEKLA. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MUTABLE MANY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Begbie (Harold).</b> THE CURIOUS AND DIVERTING ADVENTURES OF SIR JOHN
+SPARROW, <span class="smcap">Bart.</span>; <span class="smcap">or, The Progress of an Open Mind</span>. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Belloc (H.).</b> EMMANUEL BURDEN, MERCHANT. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A CHANGE IN THE CABINET. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Belloc-Lowndes (Mrs.).</b> THE CHINK IN THE ARMOUR. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*MARY PECHELL. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bennett (Arnold).</b> CLAYHANGER. <i>Tenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CARD. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HILDA LESSWAYS. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*BURIED ALIVE. <i>A New Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A MAN FROM THE NORTH. <i>A New Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MATADOR OF THE FIVE TOWNS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Benson (E. F.).</b> DODO: <span class="smcap">A Detail of the Day</span>. <i>Sixteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Birmingham (George A.).</b> SPANISH GOLD. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SEARCH PARTY. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LALAGE'S LOVERS. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bowen (Marjorie).</b> I WILL MAINTAIN. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*A KNIGHT OF SPAIN. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE QUEST OF GLORY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GOD AND THE KING. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Clifford (Mrs. W. K.).</b> THE GETTING WELL OF DOROTHY. Illustrated. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Conrad (Joseph).</b> THE SECRET AGENT: A Simple Tale. <i>Fourth Ed.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A SET OF SIX. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">UNDER WESTERN EYES. <i>Second Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24_booklist2" id="Page_24_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_24.png">24</a>]</span>
+*<b>Conyers (Dorothea.).</b> THE LONELY MAN. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Corelli (Marie).</b> A ROMANCE OF TWO WORLDS. <i>Thirty-first Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">VENDETTA; <span class="smcap">or, The Story of one Forgotten</span>. <i>Twenty-ninth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THELMA: <span class="smcap">A Norwegian Princess</span>. <i>Forty-second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ARDATH: <span class="smcap">The Story of a Dead Self</span>. <i>Twentieth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SOUL OF LILITH. <i>Seventeenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">WORMWOOD: <span class="smcap">A Drama of Paris</span>. <i>Eighteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BARABBAS: <span class="smcap">A Dream of the World's Tragedy</span>. <i>Forty-sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SORROWS OF SATAN. <i>Fifty-seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MASTER-CHRISTIAN. <i>Thirteenth Edition.</i> <i>179th Thousand.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">TEMPORAL POWER: <span class="smcap">A Study in Supremacy</span>. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>150th
+Thousand.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GOD'S GOOD MAN: <span class="smcap">A Simple Love Story</span>. <i>Fifteenth Edition.</i> <i>154th
+Thousand.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HOLY ORDERS: <span class="smcap">the Tragedy of a Quiet Life</span>. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>120th
+Thousand.</i> <i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MIGHTY ATOM. <i>Twenty-ninth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BOY: a Sketch. <i>Twelfth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CAMEOS. <i>Fourteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LIFE EVERLASTING. <i>Fifth Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Crockett (S. R.).</b> LOCHINVAR. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE STANDARD BEARER. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Croker (B. M.).</b> THE OLD CANTONMENT. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">JOHANNA. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE HAPPY VALLEY. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A NINE DAYS' WONDER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PEGGY OF THE BARTONS. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ANGEL. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">KATHERINE THE ARROGANT. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BABES IN THE WOOD. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Doyle (Sir A. Conan).</b> ROUND THE RED LAMP. <i>Twelfth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Fenn (G. Manville).</b> SYD BELTON: <span class="smcap">The Boy who would not go to Sea</span>.
+Illustrated. <i>Second Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Findlater (J. H.).</b> THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LADDER TO THE STARS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Findlater (Mary).</b> A NARROW WAY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">OVER THE HILLS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">THE ROSE OF JOY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Harraden (Beatrice).</b> IN VARYING MOODS. <i>Fourteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HILDA STRAFFORD and THE REMITTANCE MAN. <i>Twelfth Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">INTERPLAY. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hichens (Robert).</b> THE PROPHET OF BERKELEY SQUARE. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">TONGUES OF CONSCIENCE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">THE WOMAN WITH THE FAN. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+
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+
+<p class="bl2title">A CHANGE OF AIR. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">THE GREAT MISS DRIVER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hutten (Baroness von).</b> THE HALO. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25_booklist2" id="Page_25_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_25.png">25</a>]</span>
+<b>'Inner Shrine' (Author of the).</b> THE WILD OLIVE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Jacobs (W. W.).</b> MANY CARGOES. <i>Thirty-second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s.
+6d.</i> *Also Illustrated in colour. <i>Demy 8vo.</i> <i>7s. 6d. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SEA URCHINS. <i>Sixteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A MASTER OF CRAFT. Illustrated. <i>Ninth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LIGHT FREIGHTS. Illustrated. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SKIPPER'S WOOING. <i>Eleventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">AT SUNWICH PORT. Illustrated. <i>Tenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DIALSTONE LANE. Illustrated. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ODD CRAFT. Illustrated. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LADY OF THE BARGE. Illustrated. <i>Ninth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s.
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+
+<p class="bl2title">SALTHAVEN. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SAILORS' KNOTS. Illustrated. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SHORT CRUISES. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>James (Henry).</b> THE GOLDEN BOWL. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Le Queux (William).</b> THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CLOSED BOOK. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BEHIND THE THRONE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>London (Jack).</b> WHITE FANG. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lucas (E. V.).</b> LISTENER'S LURE: <span class="smcap">An Oblique Narration</span>. <i>Eighth Edition.</i>
+<i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">OVER BEMERTON'S: <span class="smcap">An Easy-going Chronicle</span>. Ninth Edition. <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i>
+<i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MR. INGLESIDE. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Fcap. 8vo.</i> <i>5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LONDON LAVENDER. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lyall (Edna).</b> DERRICK VAUGHAN, NOVELIST. <i>44th Thousand.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Macnaughtan (S.).</b> THE FORTUNE OF CHRISTINA M'NAB. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PETER AND JANE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Malet (Lucas).</b> A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE WAGES OF SIN. <i>Sixteenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CARISSIMA. <i>Fifth Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GATELESS BARRIER. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Maxwell (W. B.).</b> THE RAGGED MESSENGER. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GUARDED FLAME. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ODD LENGTHS. <i>Second Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HILL RISE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE COUNTESS OF MAYBURY: <span class="smcap">Between You and I</span>. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
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+
+<p class="bl2title">THE REST CURE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Milne (A. A.).</b> THE DAY'S PLAY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE HOLIDAY ROUND. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Montague (C. E.).</b> A HIND LET LOOSE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Morrison (Arthur).</b> TALES OF MEAN STREETS. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A CHILD OF THE JAGO. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE HOLE IN THE WALL. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DIVERS VANITIES. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ollivant (Alfred).</b> OWD BOB, THE GREY DOG OF KENMUIR. With a
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+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TAMING OF JOHN BLUNT. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE ROYAL ROAD. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Onions (Oliver).</b> GOOD BOY SELDOM: <span class="smcap">A Romance of Advertisement</span>. <i>Second
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Oppenheim (E. Phillips).</b> MASTER OF MEN. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MISSING DELORA. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Orczy (Baroness).</b> FIRE IN STUBBLE. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Oxenham (John).</b> A WEAVER OF WEBS. Illustrated. <i>Fifth Ed.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PROFIT AND LOSS. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LONG ROAD. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SONG OF HYACINTH, <span class="smcap">and Other Stories</span>. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MY LADY OF SHADOWS. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LAURISTONS. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE COIL OF CARNE. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26_booklist2" id="Page_26_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_26.png">26</a>]</span>
+<b>Parker (Gilbert).</b> PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MRS. FALCHION. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TRANSLATION OF A SAVAGE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD. Illustrated. <i>Tenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC: The Story of a Lost Napoleon. <i>Seventh
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+
+<p class="bl2title">AN ADVENTURER OF THE NORTH. The Last Adventures of 'Pretty Pierre.'
+<i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BATTLE OF THE STRONG: a Romance of Two Kingdoms. Illustrated.
+<i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">NORTHERN LIGHTS. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pasture (Mrs. Henry de la).</b> THE TYRANT. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pemberton (Max).</b> THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE. Illustrated. <i>Fourth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">I CROWN THEE KING. Illustrated. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">LOVE THE HARVESTER: <span class="smcap">A Story of the Shires</span>. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MYSTERY OF THE GREEN HEART. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Perrin (Alice).</b> THE CHARM. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE ANGLO-INDIANS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Phillpotts (Eden).</b> LYING PROPHETS. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHILDREN OF THE MIST. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE HUMAN BOY. With a Frontispiece. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SONS OF THE MORNING. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE RIVER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE AMERICAN PRISONER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">KNOCK AT A VENTURE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PORTREEVE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE POACHER'S WIFE. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE STRIKING HOURS. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">DEMETER'S DAUGHTER. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pickthall (Marmaduke).</b> SA&Iuml;D THE FISHERMAN. <i>Eighth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch).</b> THE WHITE WOLF. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MAYOR OF TROY. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MERRY-GARDEN <span class="smcap">and other Stories</span>. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MAJOR VIGOUREUX. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ridge (W. Pett).</b> ERB. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A SON OF THE STATE. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A BREAKER OF LAWS. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
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+<p class="bl2title">MRS. GALER'S BUSINESS. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE WICKHAMSES. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
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+
+<p class="bl2title">SPLENDID BROTHER. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">NINE TO SIX-THIRTY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THANKS TO SANDERSON. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*DEVOTED SPARKES. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Russell (W. Clark).</b> MASTER ROCKAFELLAR'S VOYAGE. Illustrated. <i>Fourth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred).</b> THE KINSMAN. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LANTERN-BEARERS. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ANTHEA'S GUEST. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*LAMORNA. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Somerville (E. &OElig;.) and Ross (Martin).</b> DAN RUSSEL THE FOX.
+Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Thurston (E. Temple).</b> MIRAGE. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Watson (H. B. Marriott).</b> THE HIGH TOBY. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i>
+<i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PRIVATEERS. Illustrated. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ALISE OF ASTRA. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BIG FISH. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Webling (Peggy).</b> THE STORY OF VIRGINIA PERFECT. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE SPIRIT OF MIRTH. <i>Fifth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">FELIX CHRISTIE. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Weyman (Stanley).</b> UNDER THE RED ROBE. Illustrated. <i>Twenty-third
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Whitby (Beatrice).</b> ROSAMUND. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27_booklist2" id="Page_27_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_27.png">27</a>]</span>
+<b>Williamson</b> (<b>C. N.</b> and <b>A. M.</b>). THE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR: The Strange
+Adventures of a Motor Car. Illustrated. <i>Seventeenth Edition.</i> <i>Cr.
+8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i> Also <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>1s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PRINCESS PASSES: A Romance of a Motor. Illustrated. <i>Ninth Edition.</i>
+<i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LADY BETTY ACROSS THE WATER. <i>Eleventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SCARLET RUNNER. Illustrated. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SET IN SILVER. Illustrated. <i>Fourth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LORD LOVELAND DISCOVERS AMERICA. <i>Second Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GOLDEN SILENCE. <i>Sixth Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GUESTS OF HERCULES. <i>Third Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE HEATHER MOON. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wyllarde (Dolf).</b> THE PATHWAY OF THE PIONEER (Nous Autres). <i>Sixth
+Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE UNOFFICIAL HONEYMOON. <i>Seventh Edition.</i> <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CAREER OF BEAUTY DARLING. <i>Cr. 8vo.</i> <i>6s.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Methuen's Two-Shilling Novels.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>2s. net.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Botor Chaperon, The.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Call of the Blood, The.</span> Robert Hichens.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Car of Destiny and its Errand in Spain, The.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Clementina.</span> A. E. W. Mason.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Colonel Enderby's Wife.</span> Lucas Malet.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Felix.</span> Robert Hichens.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Gate of the Desert, The.</span> John Oxenham.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">My Friend the Chauffeur.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Princess Virginia, The.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Seats of the Mighty, The.</span> Sir Gilbert Parker.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Servant of the Public, A.</span> Anthony Hope.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Set in Silver.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Severins, The.</span> Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Sir Richard Calmady.</span> Lucas Malet.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Vivien.</span> W. B. Maxwell.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>Books for Boys and Girls.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated.</i> <i>Crown 8vo.</i> <i>3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Cross and Dagger.</span> The Crusade of the Children, 1212. W. Scott Durrant.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Getting Well of Dorothy, The.</span> Mrs. W. K. Clifford.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Girl of the People, A.</span> L. T. Meade.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Hepsy Gipsy.</span> L. T. Meade. <i>2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Honourable Miss, The.</span> L. T. Meade.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Master Rockafellar's Voyage.</span> W. Clark Russell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Only a Guard-Room Dog.</span> Edith E. Cuthell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Red Grange, The.</span> Mrs. Molesworth.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Syd Belton:</span> The Boy who would not go to Sea. G. Manville Fenn.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">There was once a Prince.</span> Mrs. M. E. Mann.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28_booklist2" id="Page_28_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_28.png">28</a>]</span>
+<b>Methuen's Shilling Novels.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Anna of the Five Towns.</span> Arnold Bennett.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Barbary Sheep.</span> Robert Hichens.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Charm, The.</span> Alice Perrin.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Demon, The.</span> C. N. and A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Guarded Flame, The.</span> W. B. Maxwell.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Jane.</span> Marie Corelli.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Lady Betty Across the Water.</span> C. N. &amp; A. M. Williamson.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Long Road, The.</span> John Oxenham.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Mighty Atom, The.</span> Marie Corelli.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Mirage.</span> E. Temple Thurston.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Missing Delora, The.</span> E. Phillips Oppenheim.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Round the Red Lamp.</span> Sir A. Conan Doyle.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Secret Woman, The.</span> Eden Phillpotts.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Severins, The.</span> Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Spanish Gold.</span> G. A. Birmingham.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Tales of Mean Streets.</span> Arthur Morrison.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">The Halo.</span> The Baroness von Hutten.</p>
+
+<p class="hang">*<span class="smcap">Tyrant, The.</span> Mrs. Henry de la Pasture.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Under the Red Robe.</span> Stanley J. Weyman.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Virginia Perfect.</span> Peggy Webling.</p>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Woman with the Fan, The.</span> Robert Hichens.</p>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><b>The Novels of Alexandre Dumas.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Medium 8vo.</i> <i>Price 6d.</i> <i>Double Volumes, 1s.</i></p>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table summary="Novels by Alexander Dumas" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Act&eacute;.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Horoscope, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Adventures of Captain Pamphile, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Leone-Leona.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Amaury.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Louise de la Valli&egrave;re.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Bird of Fate, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Man in the Iron Mask, The.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Black Tulip, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Ma&icirc;tre Adam.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Black: the Story of a Dog.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Mouth of Hell, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Castle of Eppstein, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Nanon.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Catherine Blum.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Olympia.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">C&eacute;cile.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Pauline; Pascal Bruno</span>; and <span class="smcap">Bontekoe</span>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Ch&acirc;telet, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">P&egrave;re la Ruine.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Chevalier D'Harmental, The.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Porte Saint-Antoine, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Chicot the Jester.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Prince of Thieves, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Chicot Redivivus.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Reminiscences of Antony, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Comte de Montgommery, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">St. Quentin.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Conscience.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Robin Hood.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Convict's Son, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Samuel Gelb.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft" style="padding-right: 3em;"><span class="smcap">Corsican Brothers, The</span>; and <span class="smcap">Otho the Archer</span>.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Snowball and the Sultanetta, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Crop-Eared Jacquot.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Sylvandire.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Dom Gorenflot.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Taking of Calais, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Duc d'Anjou, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tales of the Supernatural.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Fatal Combat, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tales of Strange Adventure.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Fencing Master, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tales of Terror.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Fernande.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Three Musketeers, The.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Gabriel Lambert.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tourney of the Rue St. Antoine.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Georges.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Tragedy of Nantes, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Great Massacre, The.</td>
+  <td class="tdleft"><span class="smcap">Twenty Years After.</span> (Double volume.)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Henri de Navarre.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Wild-Duck Shooter, The.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">H&eacute;l&egrave;ne de Chaverny.</td>
+  <td class="tdleftsc">Wolf-Leader, The.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="sectctr"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29_booklist2" id="Page_29_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_29.png">29</a>]</span>
+<b>Methuen's Sixpenny Books.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Medium 8vo.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Albanesi (E. Maria).</b> LOVE AND LOUISA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">I KNOW A MAIDEN.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BLUNDER OF AN INNOCENT.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PETER A PARASITE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">*THE INVINCIBLE AMELIA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Anstey (F.).</b> A BAYARD OF BENGAL.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Austen (J.).</b> PRIDE AND PREJUDICE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bagot (Richard).</b> A ROMAN MYSTERY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CASTING OF NETS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">DONNA DIANA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Balfour (Andrew).</b> BY STROKE OF SWORD.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Baring-Gould (S.).</b> FURZE BLOOM.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHEAP JACK ZITA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">KITTY ALONE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">URITH.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BROOM SQUIRE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">NO&Eacute;MI.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LITTLE TU'PENNY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">WINEFRED.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE FROBISHERS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE QUEEN OF LOVE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ARMINELL.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BLADYS OF THE STEWPONEY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHRIS OF ALL SORTS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Barr (Robert).</b> JENNIE BAXTER.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE COUNTESS TEKLA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE MUTABLE MANY.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Benson (E. F.).</b> DODO.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE VINTAGE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Bront&euml; (Charlotte).</b> SHIRLEY.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Brownell (C. L.).</b> THE HEART OF JAPAN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Burton (J. Bloundelle).</b> ACROSS THE SALT SEAS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Caffyn (Mrs.).</b> ANNE MAULEVERER.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Capes (Bernard).</b> THE GREAT SKENE MYSTERY.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Clifford (Mrs. W. K.).</b> A FLASH OF SUMMER.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MRS. KEITH'S CRIME.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Corbett (Julian).</b> A BUSINESS IN GREAT WATERS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Croker (Mrs. B. M.).</b> ANGEL.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A STATE SECRET.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PEGGY OF THE BARTONS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">JOHANNA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Dante (Alighieri).</b> THE DIVINE COMEDY (Cary).</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Doyle (Sir A. Conan).</b> ROUND THE RED LAMP.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Duncan (Sara Jeannette).</b>THOSE DELIGHTFUL AMERICANS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Eliot (George).</b> THE MILL ON THE FLOSS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Findlater (Jane H.).</b> THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gallon (Tom).</b> RICKERBY'S FOLLY.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>Gaskell (Mrs.).</b> CRANFORD.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MARY BARTON.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">NORTH AND SOUTH.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gerard (Dorothea).</b> HOLY MATRIMONY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CONQUEST OF LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MADE OF MONEY.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gissing (G.).</b> THE TOWN TRAVELLER.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CROWN OF LIFE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Glanville (Ernest).</b> THE INCA'S TREASURE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE KLOOF BRIDE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Gleig (Charles).</b> BUNTER'S CRUISE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Grimm (The Brothers).</b> GRIMM'S FAIRY TALES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hope (Anthony).</b> A MAN OF MARK.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A CHANGE OF AIR.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">PHROSO.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE DOLLY DIALOGUES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hornung (E. W.).</b> DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Hyne (C. J. C.).</b> PRINCE RUPERT THE BUCCANEER.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ingraham (J. H.).</b> THE THRONE OF DAVID.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30_booklist2" id="Page_30_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_30.png">30</a>]</span>
+<b>Le Queux (W.).</b> THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CROOKED WAY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Levett-Yeats (S. K.).</b> THE TRAITOR'S WAY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ORRAIN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Linton (E. Lynn).</b> THE TRUE HISTORY OF JOSHUA DAVIDSON.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Lyall (Edna).</b> DERRICK VAUGHAN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Malet (Lucas).</b> THE CARISSIMA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Mann (Mrs. M. E.).</b> MRS. PETER HOWARD.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A LOST ESTATE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CEDAR STAR.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PATTEN EXPERIMENT.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A WINTER'S TALE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Marchmont (A. W.).</b> MISER HOADLEY'S SECRET.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A MOMENT'S ERROR.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Marryat (Captain).</b> PETER SIMPLE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">JACOB FAITHFUL.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>March (Richard).</b> A METAMORPHOSIS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TWICKENHAM PEERAGE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE GODDESS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE JOSS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Mason (A. E. W.).</b> CLEMENTINA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Mathers (Helen).</b> HONEY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GRIFF OF GRIFFITHSCOURT.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SAM'S SWEETHEART.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE FERRYMAN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Meade (Mrs. L. T.).</b> DRIFT.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Miller (Esther).</b> LIVING LIES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Mitford (Bertram).</b> THE SIGN OF THE SPIDER.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Montr&eacute;sor (F. F.).</b> THE ALIEN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Morrison (Arthur).</b> THE HOLE IN THE WALL.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Nesbit (E.).</b> THE RED HOUSE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Norris (W. E.).</b> HIS GRACE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GILES INGILBY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE CREDIT OF THE COUNTY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LORD LEONARD THE LUCKLESS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MATTHEW AUSTEN.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CLARISSA FURIOSA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Oliphant (Mrs.).</b> THE LADY'S WALK.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">SIR ROBERT'S FORTUNE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE PRODIGALS</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TWO MARYS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Oppenheim (E. P.).</b> MASTER OF MEN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Parker (Sir Gilbert).</b> THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Pemberton (Max).</b> THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">I CROWN THEE KING.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Phillpotts (Eden).</b> THE HUMAN BOY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CHILDREN OF THE MIST.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE POACHER'S WIFE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE RIVER.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch).</b> THE WHITE WOLF.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Ridge (W. Pett).</b> A SON OF THE STATE.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">LOST PROPERTY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">GEORGE and THE GENERAL.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A BREAKER OF LAWS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ERB.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Russell (W. Clark).</b> ABANDONED.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">A MARRIAGE AT SEA.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MY DANISH SWEETHEART.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">HIS ISLAND PRINCESS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Sergeant (Adeline).</b> THE MASTER OF BEECHWOOD.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">BALBARA'S MONEY.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE YELLOW DIAMOND.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE LOVE THAT OVERCAME.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred).</b> THE KINSMAN.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Surtees (R. S.).</b> HANDLEY CROSS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">MR. SPONGE'S SPORTING TOUR.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">ASK MAMMA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Walford (Mrs. L. B.).</b> MR. SMITH.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">COUSINS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE BABY'S GRANDMOTHER.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wallace (General Lew).</b> BEN-HUR.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">THE FAIR GOD.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Watson (H. B. Marriott).</b> THE ADVENTURERS.</p>
+
+<p class="bl2title">CAPTAIN FORTUNE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Weekes (A. B.).</b> PRISONERS OF WAR.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Wells (H. G.).</b> THE SEA LADY.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Whitby (Beatrice).</b> THE RESULT OF AN ACCIDENT.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>White (Percy).</b> A PASSIONATE PILGRIM.</p>
+
+
+<p class="secth"><b>Williamson (Mrs. C. N.).</b> PAPA.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="gap"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31_booklist2" id="Page_31_booklist2"></a>[<a href="./images/booklist2_31.png">31</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="p4">PRINTED BY<br />
+UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED,<br />
+LONDON AND WOKING.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="notebox">
+<h2><a name="TN" id="TN"></a>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:</h2>
+
+
+<p>Page viii is blank in the original.</p>
+
+<p>The word "earth-bound" appears with and without an hyphen. The word has
+been spelled as in the original.</p>
+
+<p>Variations in spelling appear as in the original. Examples include the
+following:</p>
+
+<table summary="variations in spelling" style="margin-left: 10%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">lechugilla</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">lechuguillas</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft">RUBA'IYAT</td>
+  <td class="tdleft">Rub&aacute;iy&aacute;t</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="tdleft" colspan="2">werewolfes&nbsp;&nbsp;werwolfs&nbsp;&nbsp;werwolves&nbsp;&nbsp;WEREWOLVES</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Ellipses appear as in the original.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,11237 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Werwolves
+
+Author: Elliott O'Donnell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2008 [EBook #26629]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Lisa Reigel and
+the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                          BY THE SAME AUTHOR
+
+               SOME HAUNTED HOUSES OF ENGLAND AND WALES
+
+                     THE HAUNTED HOUSES OF LONDON
+
+                         SCOTTISH GHOST TALES
+
+                         BYEWAYS OF GHOSTLAND
+
+                          GHOSTLY PHENOMENA
+
+                 THE REMINISCENCES OF MRS. E. M. WARD
+
+
+
+
+                              WERWOLVES
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                          ELLIOTT O'DONNELL
+
+
+                          METHUEN & CO. LTD.
+                         36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
+                                LONDON
+
+
+                      _First Published in 1912_
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+  CHAP.                                                        PAGE
+     I. WHAT IS A WERWOLF?                                        1
+
+    II. WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF
+          LYCANTHROPY                                            20
+
+   III. THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES                                 44
+
+    IV. HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF                                  55
+
+     V. WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM                                   71
+
+    VI. THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES                         92
+
+   VII. THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE                                   110
+
+  VIII. WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS                       126
+
+    IX. WERWOLVES IN GERMANY                                    143
+
+     X. A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE
+          CASE OF THE COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER                 161
+
+    XI. WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA   174
+
+   XII. THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN                                    194
+
+  XIII. THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS              212
+
+   XIV. THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK                      225
+
+    XV. WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN                          236
+
+   XVI. WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND              256
+
+  XVII. THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA                       270
+
+
+
+
+WERWOLVES
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+WHAT IS A WERWOLF?
+
+
+What is a werwolf? To this there is no one very satisfactory reply.
+There are, indeed, so many diverse views held with regard to the nature
+and classification of werwolves, their existence is so keenly disputed,
+and the subject is capable of being regarded from so many standpoints,
+that any attempt at definition in a restricted sense would be well-nigh
+impossible.
+
+The word werwolf (or werewolf) is derived from the Anglo-Saxon _wer_,
+man, and _wulf_, wolf, and has its equivalents in the German _Waehrwolf_
+and French _loup-garou_, whilst it is also to be found in the languages,
+respectively, of Scandinavia, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkan
+Peninsula, and of certain of the countries of Asia and Africa; from
+which it may be concluded that its range is pretty well universal.
+
+Indeed, there is scarcely a country in the world in which belief in a
+werwolf, or in some other form of lycanthropy, has not once existed,
+though it may have ceased to exist now. But whereas in some countries
+the werwolf is considered wholly physical, in others it is looked upon
+as partly, if not entirely, superphysical. And whilst in some countries
+it is restricted to the male sex, in others it is confined to the
+female; and, again, in others it is to be met with in both sexes.
+
+Hence, when asked to describe a werwolf, or what is generally
+believed to be a werwolf, one can only say that a werwolf is an
+anomaly--sometimes man, sometimes woman (or in the guise of man or
+woman); sometimes adult, sometimes child (or in the guise of
+such)--that, under certain conditions, possesses the property of
+metamorphosing into a wolf, the change being either temporary or
+permanent.
+
+This, perhaps, expresses most of what is general concerning werwolves.
+For more particular features, upon which I will touch later, one must
+look to locality and time.
+
+Those who are sceptical with regard to the existence of the werwolf, and
+refuse to accept, as proof of such existence, the accumulated testimony
+of centuries, attribute the origin of the belief in the phenomenon
+merely to an insane delusion, which, by reason of its novelty, gained a
+footing and attracted followers.
+
+Humanity, they say, has ever been the same; and any fresh idea--no
+matter how bizarre or monstrous, so long as it is monstrous enough--has
+always met with support and won credence.
+
+In favour of this argument it is pointed out that in many of the cases
+of persons accused of werwolfery, tried in France, and elsewhere, in the
+middle of the sixteenth century, when belief in this species of
+lycanthropy was at its zenith, there was an extraordinary readiness
+among the accused to confess, and even to give circumstantial evidence
+of their own metamorphosis; and that this particular form of
+self-accusation at length became so popular among the leading people in
+the land, that the judicial court, having its suspicions awakened, and,
+doubtless, fearful of sentencing so many important personages, acquitted
+the majority of the accused, announcing them to be the victims of
+delusion and hysteria.
+
+Now, if it were admitted, argue these sceptics, that the bulk of
+so-called werwolves were impostors, is it not reasonable to suppose that
+all so-called werwolves were either voluntary or involuntary
+impostors?--the latter, _i.e._, those who were not self-accused, being
+falsely accused by persons whose motive for so doing was revenge. For
+parallel cases one has only to refer to the trials for sorcery and
+witchcraft in England. And with regard to false accusations of
+lycanthropy--accusations founded entirely on hatred of the accused
+person--how easy it was to trump up testimony and get the accused
+convicted. The witnesses were rarely, if ever, subjected to a searching
+examination; the court was always biased, and a confession of guilt,
+when not voluntary--as in the case of the prominent citizen, when it was
+invariably pronounced due to hysteria or delusion--could always be
+obtained by means of torture, though a confession thus obtained,
+needless to say, is completely nullified. Moreover, we have no record of
+metamorphosis taking place in court, or before witnesses chosen for
+their impartiality. On the contrary, the alleged transmutations always
+occurred in obscure places, and in the presence of people who, one has
+reason to believe, were both hysterical and imaginative, and therefore
+predisposed to see wonders. So says this order of sceptic, and, to my
+mind, he says a great deal more than his facts justify; for although
+contemporary writers generally are agreed that a large percentage of
+those people who voluntarily confessed they were werwolves were mere
+dissemblers, there is no recorded conclusive testimony to show that all
+such self-accused persons were shams and delusionaries. Besides, even
+if such testimony were forthcoming, it would in nowise preclude the
+existence of the werwolf.
+
+Nor does the fact that all the accused persons submitted to the rack, or
+other modes of torture, confessed themselves werwolves prove that all
+such confessions were false.
+
+Granted also that some of the charges of lycanthropy were groundless,
+being based on malice--which, by the by, is no argument for the
+non-existence of lycanthropy, since it is acknowledged that accusations
+of all sorts, having been based on malice, have been equally
+groundless--there is nothing in the nature of written evidence that
+would justify one in assuming that all such charges were traceable to
+the same cause, _i.e._, a malicious agency. Neither can one dismiss the
+testimony of those who swore they were actual eye-witnesses of
+metamorphoses, on the mere assumption that all such witnesses were
+liable to hallucination or hysteria, or were hyper-imaginative.
+
+Testimony to an event having taken place must be regarded as positive
+evidence of such an occurrence, until it can be satisfactorily proved to
+be otherwise--and this is where the case of the sceptic breaks down; he
+can only offer assumption, not proof.
+
+Another view, advanced by those who discredit werwolves, is that belief
+in the existence of such an anomaly originates in the impression made
+on man in early times by the great elemental powers of nature. It was,
+they say, man's contemplation of the changes of these great elemental
+powers of nature, _i.e._, the changes of the sun and moon, wind, thunder
+and lightning, of the day and night, sunshine and rain, of the seasons,
+and of life and death, and his deductions therefrom, that led to his
+belief in and worship of gods that could assume varying shapes, such,
+for example, as India (who occasionally took the form of a bull),
+Derketo (who sometimes metamorphosed into a fish), Poseidon, Jupiter
+Ammon, Milosh Kobilitch, Minerva, and countless others--and that it is
+to this particular belief and worship, which is to be found in the
+mythology of every race, that all religions, as well as belief in
+fairies, demons, werwolves, and phantasms, may be traced.
+
+Well, this might be so, if there were not, in my opinion, sufficient
+accumulative corroborative evidence to show that not only were there
+such anomalies as werwolves formerly, but that, in certain restricted
+areas, they are even yet to be encountered.
+
+Taking, then, the actual existence of werwolves to be an established
+fact, it is, of course, just as impossible to state their origin as it
+is to state the origin of any other extraordinary form of creation.
+Every religious creed, every Occult sect, advances its own respective
+views--and has a perfect right to do so, as long as it advances them as
+views and not dogmatisms.
+
+I, for my part, bearing in mind that everything appertaining to the
+creation of man and the universe is a profound mystery, cannot see the
+object on the part of religionists and scientists in being arbitrary
+with regard to a subject which any child of ten will apprehend to be one
+whereon it is futile to do other than theorize. My own theory, or rather
+one of my own theories, is that the property of transmutation, _i.e._,
+the power of assuming any animal guise, was one of the many
+properties--including second sight, the property of becoming invisible
+at will, of divining the presence of water, metals, the advent of death,
+and of projecting the etherical body--which were bestowed on man at the
+time of his creation; and that although mankind in general is no longer
+possessed of them, a few of these properties are still, in a lesser
+degree, to be found among those of us who are termed psychic.
+
+The history of the Jews is full of references to certain of these
+properties. The greatest of all the Superphysical Forces--the creating
+Force (the Hebrew Jah, Jehovah)--so says the Bible, constantly held
+direct communication with His elect--with Adam, Noah, Abraham, and
+Moses, while His emissaries, the angels, or what modern Occultists would
+term Benevolent Elementals, conversed with Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, and
+hosts of others. In this same history, too, there is no lack of
+reference to sorcery; and whilst Black Magic is illustrated in the
+tricks wrought by the magicians before Pharaoh, and the infliction of
+all manner of plagues upon the Egyptians, one is rather inclined to
+attribute to White Magic Daniel's safety among the lions; Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abed-nego's preservation from the flames; Elijah's
+miraculous spinning out of the barrel of meal and cruse of oil, in the
+days of famine, and his raising of the widow's son. Also, to the account
+of White Magic--and should anyone dispute this point let me remind him
+that it is merely a difference in the point of view--I would add
+Elisha's calling up of the bears that made such short work of the
+naughty children who tormented him. There are, too, many examples of
+divination recorded in the Bible. In Genesis, chapter xxx., verses
+27-43, a description is given of a divining rod and its influence over
+sheep and other animals; in Exodus, chapter xvii., verse 15, Moses with
+the aid of a rod discovers water in the rock at Rephidim, and for
+similar instances one has only to refer to Exodus, chapter xiv., verse
+16, and chapter xvii., verses 9-11. The calling up of the phantasm of
+Samuel at Endor more than suggests a biblical precedent for the modern
+practice of spiritualism; and it was, undoubtedly, the abuse of such
+power as that possessed by the witch of Endor, and the prevalence of
+sorcery, such as she practised, that finally led to the decree delivered
+by Moses to the Children of Israel, that on no account were they to
+suffer a witch to live. Reference to yet another property of the
+occult--namely, Etherical Projection--which is clearly exemplified in
+the Scriptures, may be found in Numbers, chapter xii., verse 6; in Job,
+chapter xxxiii., verse 15; in the First Book of Kings, chapter iii.,
+verse 5; in Genesis, chapter xx., verses 3 and 6, and chapter xxxi.,
+verse 24; in Isaiah, Jeremiah, Nahum, and Zechariah; and more
+particularly in the Acts of the Apostles, and in the Revelation of St.
+John. Lastly, in this history of the Jews, which is surely neither more
+nor less authenticated than any other well established history,
+testimony as to the existence of one species of Elemental of much the
+same order as the werwolf is recorded by Isaiah. In chapter xiii., verse
+21, we read: "And their houses shall be full of doleful creatures, and
+owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there." Satyrs! we
+repeat; are not satyrs every whit as grotesque and outrageous as
+werwolves? Why, then, should those who, regarding the Scriptures as
+infallible, confess to a belief in the satyr, reject the possibility of
+a werwolf? And for those who are more logically sceptical--who question
+the veracity of the Bible and are dubious as to its authenticity--there
+are the chronicles of Herodotus, Petronius Arbiter, Baronius, Dole,
+Olaus Magnus, Marie de France, Thomas Aquinas, Richard Verstegan, and
+many other recognized historians and classics, covering a large area in
+the history of man, all of whom specially testify to the existence--in
+their own respective periods--of werwolves.
+
+And if any further evidence of this once near relationship with the
+Other World is required, one has only to turn to Aristotle, who wrote so
+voluminously on psychic dreams (most of which I am inclined to think
+were due to projection); to the teachings of Pythagoras and his
+followers, Empedocles and Apollonius; to Cicero and Tacitus; to Virgil,
+who frequently talks of ghosts and seers of Tyana; to Plato, the
+exponent of magic; and to Plutarch, whose works swarm with allusions to
+Occultism of all kinds--phantasms of the dead, satyrs, and numerous
+other species of Elementals.
+
+I say, then, that in ages past, before any of the artificialities
+appertaining to our present mode of living were introduced; when the
+world was but thinly populated and there were vast regions of wild
+wastes and silent forests, the Known and Unknown walked hand in hand. It
+was seclusion of this kind, the seclusion of nature, that spirits loved,
+and it was in this seclusion they were always to be found whenever man
+wanted to hold communication with them. To such silent spots--to the
+woods and wildernesses--Buddha, Mohammed, the Hebrew Patriarchs and
+Prophets, all, in their turn, resorted, to solicit the companionship of
+benevolently disposed spirits, to be tutored by them, and, in all
+probability, to receive from them additional powers. To these wastes and
+forests, too, went all those who wished to do ill. There they communed
+with the spirits of darkness, _i.e._, demons, or what are also termed
+Vice Elementals; and from the latter they acquired--possibly in exchange
+for some of their own vitality, for spirits of this order are said to
+have envied man his material body--tuition in sorcery, and such
+properties as second sight, invisibility, and lycanthropy.
+
+This property of lycanthropy, or metamorphosing into a beast, probably
+dates back to man's creation. It was, I am inclined to believe,
+conferred on man at his creation by Malevolent Forces that were
+antagonistic to man's progress; and that these Malevolent Forces had a
+large share in the creation of this universe is, to my mind, extremely
+probable. But, however that may be, I cannot believe that the creation
+of man and the universe were due entirely to one Creator--there are
+assuredly too many inconsistencies in all we see around us to justify
+belief in only one Creative Force. The Creator who inspired man with
+love--love for his fellow beings and love of the beautiful--could not be
+the same Creator who framed that irredeemably cruel principle observable
+throughout nature, _i.e._, the survival of the fittest; the preying of
+the stronger on the weaker--of the tiger on the feebler beasts of the
+jungle; the eagle on the smaller birds of the air; the wolf on the
+sheep; the shark on the poor, defenceless fish, and so on; neither could
+He be the Creator that deals in diseases--foul and filthy diseases,
+common, not only to all divisions of the human species, but to
+quadrupeds, birds, fish, and even flora; that brings into existence
+cripples and idiots, the blind, the deaf and dumb; and watches with
+passive inertness the most acute sufferings, not only of adults, but of
+sinless children and all manner of helpless animals. No! It is
+impossible to conceive that such incompatibilities can be the work of
+one Creator. But, supposing, for the sake of argument, we may admit the
+possibility of only one Creator, we cannot concede that this Creator is
+at the same time both omnipotent and merciful. My own belief, which is
+merely based on common sense and observation, is that this earth was
+created by many Forces--that everything that makes for man's welfare is
+due to Benevolent Forces; and that everything that tends to his
+detriment is due to antagonistic Malevolent Forces; and that the
+Malevolent Forces exist for the very simple reason that the Benevolent
+Forces are not sufficiently powerful to destroy them.
+
+These Malevolent Forces, then--the originators of all evil--created
+werwolves; and the property of lycanthropy becoming in many cases
+hereditary, there were families that could look back upon countless
+generations possessed of it. But lycanthropy did not remain in the
+exclusive possession of a few families; the bestowal of it continued
+long after its original creation, and I doubt if this bestowal has, even
+now, become entirely a thing of the past. There are still a few
+regions--desolate and isolated regions in Europe (in Russia,
+Scandinavia, and even France), to say nothing of Asia, Africa and
+America, Australasia and Polynesia--which are unquestionably the haunts
+of Vagrarians, Barrowvians, and other kinds of undesirable Elementals,
+and it is quite possible that, through the agency of these spirits, the
+property of lycanthropy might be acquired by those who have learned in
+solitude how to commune with them.
+
+I have already referred to the werwolf as an anomaly, and for its
+designation I do not think I could have chosen a more suitable term.
+Though its movements and actions are physical--for what could be more
+material than the act of devouring flesh and blood?--the actual process
+of the metamorphosis savours of the superphysical; whilst to still
+further strengthen its relationship with the latter, its appearance is
+sometimes half man and half wolf, which is certainly more than
+suggestive of the semi-human and by no means uncommon type of Elemental.
+Its inconsistency, too, which is a striking characteristic of all
+psychic phenomena, is also suggestive of the superphysical; and
+there is certainly neither consistency as to the nature of the
+metamorphosis--which is sometimes brought about at will and sometimes
+entirely controlled by the hour of day, or by the seasons--nor as to the
+outward form of the werwolf, which is sometimes merely that of a wolf,
+and sometimes partly wolf and partly human; nor as to its shape at the
+moment of death, when in some cases there is metamorphosis, whilst in
+other cases there is no metamorphosis. Nor is this inconsistency only
+characteristic of the movements, actions, and shape of the werwolf. It
+is also characteristic of it psychologically. When the metamorphosis is
+involuntary, and is enforced by agencies over which the subject has no
+control, the werwolf, though filled with all the passions characteristic
+of a beast of prey, when a wolf, is not of necessity cruel and savage
+when a human being, that is to say, before the transmutations take
+place. There are many instances of such werwolves being, as people,
+affectionate and kindly disposed. On the other hand, in some cases of
+involuntary metamorphosis, and in the majority of cases of voluntary
+metamorphosis--that is to say, when the transmutation is compassed by
+means of magic--the werwolf, as a person, is evilly disposed, and as a
+wolf shows a distinct blending of the beast with the passions, subtle
+ingenuity, and reasoning powers of the human being. From this it is
+obvious, then, that the werwolf is a hybrid of the material and
+immaterial--of man and Elemental, known and Unknown. The latter term
+does not, of course, meet with acceptance at the hands of the
+Rationalists, who profess to believe that all phenomena can be explained
+by perfectly natural causes. They suggest that belief in the werwolf (as
+indeed in all other forms of lycanthropy) is traceable to the craving
+for blood which is innate in certain natures and is sometimes
+accompanied by hallucination, the subject genuinely believing himself to
+be a wolf (or whatever beast of prey is most common in the district),
+and, in imitation of that animal's habits, committing acts of
+devastation at night, selecting his victims principally from among women
+and children--those, in fact, who are too feeble to resist him.
+
+Often, however, say these Rationalists, there is no suggestion of
+hallucination, the question resolving itself into one of vulgar
+trickery. The anthropophagi, unable to suppress their appetite for human
+food, taking advantage of the general awe in which the wolf is held by
+their neighbours, dress themselves up in the skins of that beast, and
+prowling about lonely, isolated spots at night, pounce upon those people
+they can most easily overpower. Rumours (most probably started by the
+murderers themselves) speedily get in circulation that the mangled and
+half-eaten remains of the villagers are attributable to creatures, half
+human and half wolf, that have been seen gliding about certain places
+after dark. The simple country-folk, among whom superstitions are rife,
+are only too ready to give credence to such reports; the existence of
+the monsters becomes an established thing, whilst the localities that
+harbour them are regarded with horror, and looked upon as the happy
+hunting ground of every imaginable occult power of evil.
+
+Now, although such an explanation of werwolves might be applicable in
+certain districts of West Africa, where the native population is
+excessively bloodthirsty and ignorant, it could not for one moment be
+applied to werwolfery in Germany, France, or Scandinavia, where the
+peasantry are, generally speaking, kindly and intelligent people, whom
+one could certainly accuse neither of being sanguinary nor of possessing
+any natural taste for cannibalism.
+
+The rationalist view can therefore only be said to be feasible in
+certain limited spheres, outside of which it is grotesque and
+ridiculous.
+
+Now a question that has occurred to me, and which, I fancy, may give
+rise to some interesting speculation, is, whether some of the werwolves
+stated to have been seen may not have been some peculiar type of
+phantasm. I make this suggestion because I have seen several sub-human
+and sub-animal occult phenomena in England, and have, too, met other
+people who have had similar experiences.
+
+With our limited knowledge of the Unknown it is, of course, impossible
+to be arbitrary as to the class of spirits to which such phenomena
+belong. They may be Vice Elementals, _i.e._, spirits that have never
+inhabited any material body, whether human or animal, and which are
+wholly inimical to man's progress--such spirits assume an infinite
+number of shapes, agreeable and otherwise; or they may be phantasms of
+dead human beings--vicious and carnal-minded people, idiots, and
+imbecile epileptics. It is an old belief that the souls of cataleptic
+and epileptic people, during the body's unconsciousness, adjourned
+temporarily to animals, and it is therefore only in keeping with such a
+view to suggest that on the deaths of such people their spirits take
+permanently the form of animals. This would account for the fact that
+places where cataleptics and idiots have died are often haunted by semi
+and by wholly animal types of phantasms.
+
+According to Paracelsus Man has in him two spirits--an animal spirit and
+a human spirit--and that in after life he appears in the shape of
+whichever of these two spirits he has allowed to dominate him. If, for
+example, he has obeyed the spirit that prompts him to be sober and
+temperate, then his phantasm resembles a man; but on the other hand, if
+he has given way to his carnal and bestial cravings, then his phantasm
+is earthbound, in the guise of some terrifying and repellent
+animal--maybe a wolf, bear, dog, or cat--all of which shapes are far
+from uncommon in psychic manifestations.
+
+This view has been held either _in toto_, or with certain reservations,
+by many other writers on the subject, and I, too, in a great measure
+endorse it--its pronouncement of a limit to man's phantasms being,
+perhaps, the only important point to which I cannot accede. My own view
+is that so complex a creature as man--complex both physically and
+psychologically--may have a representative spirit for each of his
+personalities. Hence on man's physical dissolution there may emanate
+from him a host of phantasms, each with a shape most fitting the
+personality it represents. And what more thoroughly representative of
+cruelty, savageness, and treachery than a wolf, or even something partly
+lupine! Therefore, as I have suggested elsewhere, in some instances, but
+emphatically not in all, what were thought to have been werwolves may
+only have been phantasms of the dead, or Elementals.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+WERWOLF METAMORPHOSIS COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF LYCANTHROPY
+
+
+The wolf is not the only animal whose shape, it is stated, man may
+possess the power of assuming; and it may be of some interest to inquire
+briefly into the varying branches of lycanthropy, comparing them with
+the one already under discussion.
+
+In Orissa, the power of metamorphosing into a tiger is asserted by the
+Kandhs to be hereditary, and also to be acquired through the practice of
+magic; many who have travelled in this country have assured me that
+there is a very great amount of truth in this assertion; and that
+although there are, without doubt, a number of impostors among those
+designated wer-tigers, there are most certainly many who are genuine.
+
+As with the werwolf, so with the wer-tiger, the metamorphosis is usually
+dependent on the hour of the day, and generally occurs cotemporaneous
+with the setting of the sun.
+
+But the lycanthropy of the wer-tiger differs from that of the werwolf
+inasmuch as there is a definite god or spirit, in the shape of a tiger,
+that is directly responsible for the bestowal of the property. This
+tiger deity is looked upon and worshipped as a totem or national
+deity--that is to say, as a divine being that has the welfare of the
+Kandh nation especially at heart. It is communed with at home, but more
+particularly in the wild dreariness of the jungle, where, on the
+condition that the prayers of its devotees are sufficiently concentrated
+and in earnest, it confers--as an honour and privilege--the power of
+transmutation into its own shape. Some idea of its appearance may
+perhaps be gathered from the following description of it given me by a
+Mr. K----, whose name I see in the list of passengers reported "missing"
+in the deplorable disaster to the "Titanic."
+
+"Anxious to see," Mr. K---- stated, "if there was anything of truth in
+the alleged materialization of the tiger totem to those supplicating it,
+I went one evening to a spot in the jungle--some two or three miles from
+the village--where I had been informed the manifestations took place. As
+the jungle was universally held to be haunted I met no one; and in spite
+of my dread of the snakes, big cats, wild boars, scorpions, and other
+poisonous vermin with which the place was swarming, arrived without
+mishap at the place that had been so carefully described to me--a
+circular clearing of about twenty feet in diameter, surrounded on all
+sides by rank grass of a prodigious height, trolsee shrubs, kulpa and
+tamarind-trees. Quickly concealing myself, I waited the coming of the
+would-be tiger-man.
+
+"He was hardly more than a boy--slim and almost feminine--and came
+gallivanting along the narrow path through the brushwood, like some
+careless, high-spirited, brown-skinned hoyden.
+
+"The moment he reached the edge of the mystic circle, however, his
+behaviour changed; the light of laughter died from his eyes, his lips
+straightened, his limbs stiffened, and his whole demeanour became one of
+respect and humility.
+
+"Advancing with bare head and feet some three or so feet into the
+clearing, he knelt down, and, touching the ground three times in
+succession with his forehead, looked up at a giant kulpa-tree opposite
+him, chanting as he did so some weird and monotonous refrain, the
+meaning of which was unintelligible to me. Up to then it had been
+light--the sky, like all Indian skies at that season, one blaze of
+moonbeams and stars; but now it gradually grew dark. An unnatural,
+awe-inspiring shade seemed to swoop down from the far distant mountains
+and to hush into breathless silence everything it touched. Not a bird
+sang, not an insect ticked, not a leaf stirred. One might have said all
+nature slept, had it not been for an uncomfortable sensation that the
+silence was but the silence of intense expectation--merely the prelude
+to some unpleasant revelation that was to follow. At this juncture my
+feelings were certainly novel--entirely different from any I had
+hitherto experienced.
+
+"I had not believed in the supernatural, and had had absolutely no
+apprehensions of coming across anything of a ghostly character--all my
+fears had been of malicious natives and tigers; they now, however,
+changed, and I was confronted with a dread of what I could not
+understand and could not analyse--of something that suggested an
+appearance, alarming on account of its very vagueness.
+
+"The pulsations of my heart became irregular, I grew faint and sick, and
+painfully susceptible to a sensation of excessive coldness, which
+instinct told me was quite independent of any actual change in the
+atmosphere.
+
+"I made several attempts to remove my gaze from the kulpa-tree, which
+intuition told me would be the spot where the something, whatever it
+was, that was going to happen would manifest itself. My eyes, however,
+refused to obey, and I was obliged to keep them steadily fixed on this
+spot, which grew more and more gloomy. All of a sudden the silence was
+broken, and a cry, half human and half animal, but horribly ominous,
+sounding at first faint and distant, speedily grew louder and louder.
+Soon I heard footsteps, the footsteps of something running towards us
+and covering the ground with huge, light strides. Nearer and nearer it
+came, till, with a sudden spring, it burst into view--the giant reeds
+and trolsees were dashed aside, and I saw standing in front of the
+kulpa-tree a vertical column of crimson light of perhaps seven feet in
+height and one or so in width. A column--only a column, though the
+suggestion conveyed to me by the column was nasty--nasty with a
+nastiness that baffles description. I looked at the native, and the
+expression in his eyes and mouth assured me he saw more--a very great
+deal more. For some seconds he only gasped; then, by degrees, the
+rolling of his eyes and twitching of his lips ceased. He stretched out a
+hand and made some sign on the ground. Then he produced a string of
+beads, and after placing it over the scratchings he had made on the
+soil, jerked out some strange incantation in a voice that thickened and
+quivered with terror. I then saw a stream of red light steal from the
+base of the column and dart like forked lightning to the beads, which
+instantly shone a luminous red. The native now picked them up, and,
+putting them round his neck, clapped the palms of his hands vigorously
+together, uttering as he did so a succession of shrill cries, that
+gradually became more and more animal in tone, and finally ended in a
+roar that converted every particle of blood in my veins into ice. The
+crimson colour now abruptly vanished--whither it went I know not--the
+shade that had been veiling the jungle was dissipated, and in the burst
+of brilliant moonlight that succeeded I saw, peering up at me, from the
+spot where the native had lain, the yellow, glittering, malevolent eyes,
+not of a man, but a tiger--a tiger thirsting for human blood. The shock
+was so great that for a second or two I was paralysed, and could only
+stare back at the thing in fascinated helplessness. Then a big bird
+close at hand screeched, and some small quadruped flew past me
+terrified; and with these awakenings of nature all my faculties revived,
+and I simply jumped on my feet and--fled!
+
+"Some fifty yards ahead of me, and showing their tops well above the
+moon-kissed reeds and bushes, were two trees--a tamarind and a kulpa
+briksha. God knows why I decided on the latter! Probably through a mere
+fluke, for I hadn't the remotest idea which of the trees offered the
+best facilities to a poor climber. My mind once made up, there was no
+time to alter. The wer-tiger was already terribly close behind. I could
+gauge its distance by the patter of its feet--apparently the
+metamorphosis had only been in part--and by the steadily intensifying
+purr, purr; so unmistakably interpretative of the brute's utter
+satisfaction in its power to overtake me, as well as at the prospect of
+so good a meal. I was just thirteen stone, seemingly a most unlucky
+number even in weight! Had the tiger wanted, I am sure he could have
+caught me at once, but I fancy it wished to play with me a little
+first--to let me think I was going to escape, and then, when it had got
+all the amusement possible out of me, just to give a little sprint and
+haul me over. Perhaps it was my anger at such undignified treatment of
+the human race that gave a kind of sting to my running, for I certainly
+got over the ground at twice the speed I had ever done before, or ever
+thought myself capable of doing. At times my limbs were on the verge of
+mutiny, but I forced them onward, and though my lungs seemed bursting, I
+never paused. At last a clearing was reached and the kulpa-tree stood
+fully revealed. I glanced at once at the trunk. The lowest branch of any
+size was some eight feet from the ground. . . . Could I reach it?
+Summoning up all my efforts for this final, and in all probability
+fatal, rush, I hurled myself forward. There was a low exultant roar, a
+soft, almost feminine purr, and a long hairy paw, with black, gleaming
+claws shot past my cheek. I gave a great gasp of anguish, and with all
+the pent-up force of despair clutched at the branch overhead. My
+finger-tips just curled over it; I tightened them, but, at the most, it
+was a very feeble, puny grasp, and totally insufficient to enable me to
+swing my body out of reach of the tiger. I immediately gave myself up as
+lost, and was endeavouring to reconcile myself to the idea of being
+slowly chewed alive, when an extraordinary thing happened. The wer-tiger
+gave a low growl of terror and, bounding away, was speedily lost in the
+jungle. Fearing it might return, I waited for some time in the tree, and
+then, as there were no signs of it, descended, and very cautiously made
+my way back to the village.
+
+"That night an entire family, father, mother, son, and daughter, were
+murdered, and their mutilated and half-eaten bodies were discovered on
+the floor of their hut in the morning. Evidence pointed to their having
+been killed by a tiger; and as they had been the sworn enemies of the
+young man whose metamorphosis I had witnessed, it was not difficult to
+guess at the identity of their destroyer.
+
+"I related my adventure to one of the chief people, and he informed me
+he knew that particular kulpa-tree well. 'You undoubtedly owe your
+salvation to having touched it,' he said. 'The original kulpa, which now
+stands in the first heaven, is said to have been one of the fourteen
+remarkable things turned up by the churning of the ocean by the gods and
+demons; and the name of Ram and his consort Seeter are written on the
+silvery trunks of all its earthly descendants. If once you touch any
+portion of a kulpa briksha tree, you are quite safe from any
+animal--that is why the wer-tiger snarled and ran away! But take my
+advice, sahib, and leave the village.'
+
+"I did so, and on the way to my home in the hills visited the tree.
+There, sure enough, plainly visible on the silvery surface in the
+twilight, was the name of the incarnation of Vishnu, written in Sanskrit
+characters, and apparently by some supernatural hand; that is to say,
+there was a softness in the impression, as if the finger of some
+supernatural being had traced the characters. I did not want any further
+proofs--I had had enough; and taking good care to see my gun was loaded,
+I hurried off. Nor have I ever ventured into that neighbourhood since."
+
+Mr. K----, continuing, informed me that from what he had been told by
+his friend in the Kandh village, he concluded that only those who had
+been initiated into the full rites of magic in their early youth could
+see the totem in its full state of materialization, _i.e._, an enormous
+tiger--half man and half beast. To those who were in some degree
+clairvoyant it would appear as it had appeared to him, a mere column of
+crimson light (crimson on account of its association with Black Magic);
+whilst to those who were not in any way clairvoyant it would remain
+entirely invisible. The young Kandh had prayed for the property of
+lycanthropy solely as a means of revenge on those whom he imagined had
+wronged him; and as a wer-tiger he was able to destroy them in the most
+cruel manner possible. The property when once acquired, however, could
+never be cast off, and the young man would, willy-nilly, undergo
+transmutation every night, and in all probability continue killing and
+eating people till some one plucked up the courage--for wer-tigers were
+not only dreaded, but held in the greatest awe--to shoot him.
+
+There are certain tribes in India known to be adepts in Occultism, and
+therefore one is not surprised to find lycanthropy linked with the
+mysterious jugglery, etherical projection, and other psychic feats
+accomplished by these tribesmen. The wer-tiger is not confined to the
+Kandhs: it is met with in Malaysia, in the gorgeous tropical forests of
+Java and Sumatra, where it is feared more than anything on earth by the
+gentle and intelligent natives; and, if rumour be true, in the great,
+lone mountains and dense jungles, and along the hot, unhealthy
+river-banks of New Guinea.
+
+In Arawak, it gives place to the wer-jaguar; in Ashangoland, and many
+parts of West Africa, to the wer-leopard. Of course, there are cases of
+charlatanism in lycanthropy as in medicine, politics, palmistry, and in
+every other science. But most, if not all, of these cases of sham
+lycanthropy seem to come from West Africa, where leopard societies are
+from time to time formed by young savages unable to restrain their
+craving for cannibalism. These human vampires dress up in leopard-skins,
+and stealing stealthily through the woods at night, attack stray
+pedestrians or isolated households. After killing their victims, they
+cut off any portions of the body--usually the breasts and thighs--they
+fancy most for eating, and then mutilate the rest with the signia of
+their society, _i.e._, long and deep scratchings, which are made either
+with the claws of a leopard or some other beast, or with sharp iron
+nails. Whole districts are often put in a state of panic by these
+marauders, who, retiring to their retreat in the heart of some little
+known, vast, and almost impenetrable forest, successfully defy capture.
+But the fact of there being pseudo-wer-leopards by no means disposes of
+the fact that there are genuine ones, any more than the fact that there
+are charlatan palmists precludes the possibility of there being _bona
+fide_ palmists; and I am inclined to believe lycanthropy exists in
+certain parts of West Africa (_i.e._, where primitive conditions are
+most in evidence), although not, perhaps, to the same extent as it does
+in Asia and Europe. I do not think the negro's relationship to the
+Occult Forces is quite the same as that of other races. He is often
+clairvoyant and clairaudiant, and always very much in awe of the
+superphysical; but it is rarely he can ever claim close intimacy with
+it--not close enough, at all events, to be the recipient of its special
+gifts.
+
+In werwolfery there is no "totem." The property of metamorphosis, in
+this branch of lycanthropy, is not deemed the gift of a national deity,
+but either of the Occult Powers in general or of some particular local
+phantasm. In other branches of lycanthropy, viz., that of the wer-tiger
+and wer-leopard--I am doubtful about the wer-jaguar--the property of
+transmutation is said to be conferred solely by the god, or a god, of
+the tribe.
+
+But although these various properties of lycanthropy are apparently
+derived from different sources, the difference is only in outward form;
+and I have no hesitation in saying that the occult power from which all
+lycanthropy proceeds, whether in the form of a wolf, tiger, leopard, or
+any other beast, is in reality the same species of Elemental.[32:1] But
+whether a Vagrarian, Vice, or some other Elemental, I cannot possibly
+say.
+
+I have stated that I am doubtful as to whether totemism exists in
+Arawak. The truth is, with regard to this question, I am in receipt of
+somewhat conflicting testimony. Some say that the natives have as their
+god a deity in the form of a jaguar, to whom they pray for vengeance on
+their foes and for the property of lycanthropy; which property (_vide_
+the case of the Kandhs) would give them the additional pleasure of
+executing vengeance in their own person. On the other hand, I have heard
+that the form of a jaguar is the form most commonly assumed by spirits
+in Arawak, particularly by those invoked at seances. Hence it is
+extremely difficult to arrive at the truth. From the corroborating
+testimony of various people, however, I conclude that whereas among the
+Kandhs and West African negroes the property of lycanthropy (unless, of
+course, hereditary) is rarely conferred on females, or on anyone younger
+than sixteen, in Arawak and Malaysia it is awarded regardless of sex or
+age.
+
+Some years ago there was current, among certain tribes of the natives in
+Arawak, a story to this effect:--
+
+A Dutch trader, of the name of Van Hielen, was visiting for purely
+business purposes an Indian settlement in a very remote part of the
+colony. Roaming about the village one evening, he came to a hut standing
+alone on the outskirts of one of those dense forests that are so
+characteristic of Arawak. Van Hielen paused, and was marvelling how
+anyone could choose to live in so outlandish and lonely a spot, when a
+shrill scream, followed by a series of violent guttural ejaculations,
+came from the interior of the building, and the next moment a little
+boy--some seven or eight years of age--rushed out of the house, pursued
+by a prodigiously fat woman, who whacked him soundly across the
+shoulders with a knotted club and then halted for want of breath. Van
+Hielen, who was well versed in the native language, politely asked her
+what the boy had done to deserve so severe a chastisement.
+
+"Done!" the woman replied, opening her beady little eyes to their full
+extent; "why, he's not done anything--that's why I beat him--he's
+incorrigibly idle. He and his sister spend all their time amid the trees
+yonder conversing with the bad spirits. They learned that trick from
+Guska, with the evil eye. She has bewitched them. She was shot to death
+with arrows in the market-place last year, and my only regret is that
+she wasn't put out of the way ten years sooner. Ah! there's that wicked
+girl Yarakna--she's been hiding from me all the day. I must punish her,
+too!" and before Van Hielen could speak the indignant parent waddled
+off--with surprising swiftness for one of her vast proportions--and
+reappeared dragging by the wrist an elfish-looking girl of about ten.
+She gave the urchin one blow, and was about to give her another, when
+Van Hielen, whose heart was particularly tender where children were
+concerned, interfered, and by dint of bribery persuaded her to desist.
+She retired indoors, and Van Hielen found himself alone with the child.
+
+"May the spirit of the woods for ever be your friend!" the maiden said.
+"But for you my poor back would have been beaten to a tonka bean. My
+brother and I have suffered enough at the hands of the old woman--we'll
+suffer no more."
+
+"What will you do then?" Van Hielen asked, shocked at the revengeful
+expression that marred the otherwise pretty features of the child.
+"Remember, she is your mother, and has every right to expect you to be
+obedient and industrious."
+
+"She is not our mother!" the girl answered. "Our mother is the spirit of
+the woods. We work for her--not for this old woman, and in return she
+tells us tales and amuses us."
+
+"You work for her!" Van Hielen said in amazement. "What do you mean?"
+
+The child smiled--the ignorance of the white man tickled her. "We gather
+aloes for medicine for her sick children; the core of the lechugilla for
+their food, yucca leaves for plumes for their heads, and scarlet
+panicles of the _Fouquiera splendens_ for their clothes. My brother and
+I will go to her to-night when the old woman is sleeping. Where? Ah! we
+do not tell anyone that. Do we see her? The spirit of the woods, you
+mean? Yes, we see her, but it is not every one who can see her--only
+those who have sight like ours. But I must go now--my brother is calling
+me."
+
+Van Hielen could hear nothing; though he did not doubt, from the child's
+behaviour, that she had been called. She ran merrily away, and he
+watched her black head disappear in the thick undergrowth facing him.
+Van Hielen's curiosity was roused. What the child had said impressed him
+deeply; and against his saner judgment he resolved to secrete himself
+near the hut and watch. After it had been dusk some time, and all sounds
+had ceased, he saw the two children emerge from the hut, and, tiptoeing
+softly towards the trees, fall on their hands and knees and crawl along
+a tiny, deviating path. Hardly knowing what he was doing, but impelled
+by a force he could not resist, Van Hielen followed them. It was a
+delicious night--at that time of year every night in Arawak is
+delicious--and Van Hielen, who was very simple in his love of nature,
+imbibed delight through every pore in his body. As he trod gently along,
+pushing first this branch and then that out of the way, and stooping
+down to half his height to creep under a formidable bramble, countless
+voices from animal land fell on his ears. From a glimmering patch of
+water, away on his left, came the trump of a bull-frog and the wail of
+the whip-poor-will; a monkey chattered, a parrot screeched, whilst a
+shrill cry of terror, accompanied by a savage growl, plainly told of the
+surprise and slaughter of some defenceless animal by one of the many big
+beasts of prey that made every tree their lurking place.
+
+On any other occasion Van Hielen would have thought twice before
+embarking on such an expedition; but that night he seemed to be
+labouring under some charm which had lulled to sleep all sense of
+insecurity. It was true he was armed, but of what avail is a rifle
+against the unexpected spring of a jaguar or leopard--from a bough some
+ten or twenty feet directly over one's head--or the sudden lunge of a
+boa constrictor!
+
+At first, the path wound its way through a dense chapparal consisting of
+the various shrubs and plants rarely to be met with in other parts of
+Arawak, namely, acacias, aloes, lechuguillas, and the _Fouquiera
+splendens_. But after a short time this kind of vegetation was succeeded
+by something far more imposing--by dense masses of trees, many of them
+at the least one hundred and fifty feet in height: the mora, which from
+a distance appears like a hillock clothed with the brightest vegetation;
+the ayucari, or red cedar; and the cuamara, laden with tonka beans. So
+thick was their foliage overhead that one by one Van Hielen watched the
+stars disappear; and the path ahead of him darkened till it was as much
+as he could do to grope along. Still he was not afraid. The thought of
+that elfish little maiden with the luminous eyes crawling along in front
+of him inspired him with extraordinary confidence and he plunged on,
+anxious only to catch another glimpse of her and see the play out. Once
+his progress was interrupted by something hot and leathery, that pushed
+him nearly off his feet and puffed rudely in his face. It was on the tip
+of his tongue to give vent to his ruffled feelings in forcible language,
+but the knowledge that this would assuredly warn the children of his
+proximity kept him quiet, and he contented himself with striking a
+vigorous blow. There was a loud snort, a crashing and breaking of
+brushwood, and the thing, whatever it was, rushed away. Another time he
+stumbled over a snake which was gliding from one side of the path to the
+other. The creature hissed, and Van Hielen, giving himself up for lost,
+jumped for all he was worth. As luck would have it the snake missed, and
+Van Hielen, escaping with nothing more serious than a few scratches and
+a bump or two, was able to continue his course. After long gropings the
+path at length came to an end, the trees cleared, and Van Hielen saw
+before him a pool, radiantly illuminated by the moon, and in the very
+centre--an immense Victoria Regia water-lily.
+
+Though accustomed to the fine species of this plant in Guiana--which is
+the home of the Victoria Regia--Van Hielen was doubtful if he had ever
+before beheld such a magnificent specimen. The silvery moonlight,
+falling on its white and pink petals, threw into relief all the
+exquisite delicacy of their composition, and gave to them a glow which
+could only have been rivalled in Elysium. Indeed, the whole scene,
+enhanced by the glamour of the hour and the sweet scent of plants and
+flowers, was so reminiscent of fairyland that Van Hielen--enraptured
+beyond description--stood and gazed in open-mouthed ecstasy.
+
+Then his eyes fell on the children and he noiselessly slipped back under
+cover of a tree.
+
+Hand in hand the boy and girl advanced to the water's edge, and
+kneeling, commenced to recite some strange incantation, which Van Hielen
+tried in vain to interpret. Sometimes their voices reached a high,
+plaintive key; sometimes they sank to a low murmur, strangely musical,
+and strangely suggestive of the babbling of brook water over stones and
+pebbles. When they had finished their incantation, they got up, and
+running to some bushes, returned in a few seconds with their arms full
+of flowers, which they threw with great dexterity on to the leaves of
+the giant lily. With their faces still turned to the water they remained
+standing, side by side, whilst a silence--deep and impressive, and
+shared, so it appeared to Van Hielen, by all nature--fell upon them.
+
+A cold current of air, rising apparently from the pool, blew across the
+opening, and sweeping past Van Hielen, set all the leaves in motion. It
+rustled on till its echoes gradually ceased, and all was still again. It
+now seemed to Van Hielen that the character of everything around
+underwent a subtle change; and the feeling that every object around him
+was indulging in a hearty laugh at his expense intensified with every
+breath he drew. For the first time Van Hielen was afraid. He could not
+define the cause of his fear--but that only made his fear the more
+acute. He was frightened of the wind and darkness, and of something more
+than the wind and darkness--something concealed in--something cloaked by
+the wind and darkness. Even the atmosphere had altered--it, too, was
+making game of him. It distorted his vision. The things he saw around
+him were no longer stationary--they moved. They twirled and twisted
+themselves into all sorts of grotesque and fanciful attitudes; grew
+large, then small; nearer and then more distant. The plot of ground in
+front of which the children knelt played all manner of pranks--pranks
+Van Hielen did not at all like. It moved round and round--faster and
+faster, until it eventually became a whirlpool; which suddenly reversed
+and assumed the appearance of a pyramid revolving on its apex. Quicker
+and quicker it spun round--closer and closer it drew; until, without
+warning, it suddenly stopped and disappeared; whilst its place was taken
+by an oddly shaped bulge in the ground, which, swaying backward and
+forward, increased and increased in stature, till it attained the height
+of some seven or eight feet. Van Hielen could not compare this with
+anything he had ever seen. It was monstrous but shapeless--a mere mass
+of irregular lumps, a dull leadish white, and vibrating horribly in the
+moonlight. He thought of the children; but where they had stood he saw
+only two greenish-yellow spheres that, twirling round and round,
+suddenly approached him. As he started back to escape them, all was
+again changed. The lumpy figure had vanished, the atmosphere cleared,
+and everything was absolutely normal. There were now, however, solid
+grounds for fear. Advancing on him with flashing eyes and scintillating
+teeth were two vividly marked jaguars--a male and female. Van Hielen,
+usually calm and collected in the face of danger, on this occasion lost
+his presence of mind: his gun dropped from his hands, his knees
+quivered, and, helpless and inert, he reeled against the tree under
+which he had been standing. The jaguars--which seemed to be unusually
+savage even for jaguars--prepared to spring, and Van Hielen, certain
+his hour had come, was about to close his eyes and resign himself to his
+fate, when the female brute, although the bigger and more formidable,
+hesitated--thrust its dark, handsomely spotted head almost in its
+victim's face, and then, lashing its companion sharply with its tail,
+swerved aside and was off like a dart.
+
+It took Van Hielen some minutes to realize his escape, and then, more in
+a dream than awake, he mechanically shouldered his rifle and slowly
+followed in the beasts' wake.
+
+An hour's walking brought him to the end of the forest. The dawn was
+breaking, and the track leading to the settlement was just beginning to
+exhibit the mellowing influence of the first rays of the sun. There was
+an exhilarating freshness in the air that made Van Hielen keenly
+sensitive to the ambitious demands of a newly awakened stomach. Opposite
+him was the hut of the old woman, the entrance somewhat clumsily blocked
+with a makeshift door. As Van Hielen looked at it curiously, wondering
+if the woman was in the habit of barricading it in this fashion on
+account of her proximity to the forest, sounds greeted him from within.
+
+Stepping lightly up to the hut, Van Hielen listened attentively. Some
+big animal--a hound most probably--was gnawing a bone--crunch, crunch,
+crunch!
+
+Van Hielen moved away, but hadn't gone very far before an indefinable
+something made him turn back. That crunching, was it a dog or was
+it----? His heart turned sick within him at the bare thought. Again he
+listened at the threshold, and again he heard the sounds--gnaw, gnaw,
+gnaw--crunch, crunch, crunch! He rapped at first gently, and then
+loudly, ever so loudly.
+
+The gnawing at once stopped, but no one answered him. Then he
+called--once, twice, thrice: there was no reply. Assured now there was
+something amiss, he gripped his rifle, and putting his shoulder to the
+door, burst it open. A flood of daylight rushed in, and he saw before
+him on the floor the mutilated and half-eaten remains of a woman,
+and--did his eyes deceive him or did he see?--crouching in a corner all
+ready to spring, two magnificent jaguars. Van Hielen raised his rifle,
+but--in less than a second--it fell from his grasp.
+
+Towards him, from the same spot--their small mouths and slender hands
+smeared with blood--ran Yarakna and her brother.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[32:1] A spirit that has never inhabited any material body. Elementals
+are a genus of a large order, and include innumerable species.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE SPIRITS OF WERWOLVES
+
+
+It seems that there is a disposition in certain minds to associate
+lycanthropy with the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. A brief
+examination of the latter will, however, suffice to show there is very
+little analogy between the two.
+
+Transmigration of souls, a metempsychosis, deals solely with the passing
+of the soul after death into another mortal form. Lycanthropy confines
+itself to the metamorphosis of physical man to animal form only during
+man's physical lifetime.
+
+Metempsychosis is a change of condition dependent on the principle of
+evolution (_i.e._ evolution upward and retrogressive). Lycanthropy is a
+change of condition relative to a property, entirely independent of
+evolution. The one is wholly determined by man's spiritual state at the
+time of his physical dissolution; the other is simply a faculty of
+sense, either handed down to man by his forefathers or acquired by man,
+during his lifetime, through the knowledge and practice of magic.
+
+There are absolutely no grounds, other than purely hypothetical ones,
+for supposing a werwolf to be a reincarnation; but on the other hand
+there is reason to believe that the wolf personality of the werwolf, at
+the latter's physical dissolution, remains earthbound in the form of a
+lupine phantasm. So that although there is nothing to associate
+lycanthropy with metempsychosis, there is, at all events, something in
+common between lycanthropy and animism. Animism, be it understood, holds
+that every living thing, whether man, beast, reptile, insect, or
+vegetable, has a representative spirit.
+
+As an example of a lupine phantasm representing the personality of the
+werwolf, I will quote a case, reported to me some years ago as having
+occurred in Estonia, on the shores of the Baltic. A gentleman and his
+sister, whom I will call Stanislaus and Anno D'Adhemar, were invited to
+spend a few weeks with their old friends, the Baron and Baroness Von
+A----, at their country home in Estonia. On the day arranged, they set
+out for their friends' house, and alighting at a little station, within
+twenty miles of their destination, were met by the Baron's droshky. It
+was one of those exquisite evenings--a night light without moon, a day
+shady without clouds--peculiar to that clime. Indeed, it seemed as if
+the last glow of the evening and the first grey of the morning had
+melted together, and as if all the luminaries of the sky merely rested
+their beams without withdrawing them. To Stanislaus and Anno, jaded with
+the wear and tear of life in a big city, the calm and quiet of the
+country-side was most refreshing, and they heaved great sighs of
+contentment as they leaned far back amid the luxurious upholstery of the
+carriage, and drew in deep breaths of the smokeless, pure, scented air.
+Their surroundings modelled their thoughts. Instead of discussing
+monetary matters, which had so long been uppermost in their minds, they
+discoursed on the wonderful economy of happiness in a world full of toil
+and struggle; the fewer the joys, they argued, the higher the enjoyment,
+till the last and highest joy of all, true peace of mind, _i.e._,
+content, was the one joy found to contain every other joy. Occasionally
+they paused to remark on the brilliant lustre of the stars, and, not
+infrequently, alluded to the Creator's graciousness in allowing them to
+behold such beauty. Occasionally, too, they would break off in the midst
+of their conversation to listen to the plaintive utterings of some night
+bird or the shrill cry of a startled hare. The rate at which they were
+progressing--for the horses were young and fresh--speedily brought them
+to an end of the open country, and they found themselves suddenly
+immersed in the deepening gloom of a dense and extensive forest of
+pines. The track now was not quite so smooth; here and there were big
+ruts, and Stanislaus and his sister were subjected to such a vigorous
+bumping that they had to hold on to the sides of the droshky, and to one
+another. In the altered conditions of their travel, conversation was
+well-nigh impossible. The little they attempted was unceremoniously
+jerked out of them, and the nature of it--I am loath to admit--had
+somewhat deteriorated. It had, in fact, in accordance with their
+surroundings, undergone a considerable change.
+
+"What a vile road!" Stanislaus exclaimed, clutching the side of the
+droshky with both hands to save himself from being precipitated into
+space.
+
+"Yes--isn't--it?" gasped Anno, as she lunged forward, and in a vain
+attempt to regain her seat fell on their handbag, which gave an ominous
+squish. "I declare there--there--will be--nothing left of me--by the--by
+the time we get there. Oh dear! Whatever shall I do? Wherever have you
+got to, Stanislaus?"
+
+The upper half of Stanislaus was nowhere to be seen! His lower half,
+however, was discovered by his sister convulsively pressed against the
+side of the droshky. In another moment this, too, would undoubtedly have
+disappeared, and the lower extremities would have gone in pursuit of the
+upper, had not Anno with admirable presence of mind effected a rescue.
+She tugged at her brother's coat-tails in the very nick of time, with
+the result that his whole body once again hove into view.
+
+Just then a bird sang its final song before retiring for the night, and
+Stanislaus, hot and trembling all over, shouted out: "What a hideous
+noise! I declare it quite frightened me"; whilst Anno shuddered and put
+her fingers in her ears. They once more abused the road; then the trees.
+"Great ugly things," they said; "they shut out all the light." And then
+they abused the driver for not looking out where he was going, and
+finally they began to abuse one another. Anno abused Stanislaus, because
+he had disarranged her hat and hair, and Stanislaus, Anno, because he
+couldn't hear all she said, and because what he did hear was silly. Then
+the Stygian darkness of the great pines grew; and the silence of wonder
+fell on the two quarrellers. On, on, on rolled the droshky, a monotonous
+rumble, rumble, that sounded very loud amid the intense hush that had
+suddenly fallen on the forest. Stanislaus and Anno grew drowsy; the cold
+night air, crowning their exertions of the day, induced sleep, and they
+were soon very much in the land of nods: Stanislaus with his head thrust
+back as far as it would go, and Anno with her head leaning slightly
+forward and her chin deeply rooted in the silvery recesses of her rich
+fur coat.
+
+The driver stopped for a moment. He had to attend to his lights, which,
+he reflected, were behaving in rather an odd manner. Then, scratching
+his head thoughtfully, he cracked his whip and drove hurriedly on. Once
+again, rumble, rumble, rumble; and no other sounds but far away echoes
+and the gentle cooing of a soft night breeze through the forked and
+ragged branches of the sad and stately pines. On, on, on, the light
+uncertain and the horses brisk. Suddenly the driver hears something--he
+strains his ears to catch the meaning of the sounds--a peculiar, quick
+patter, patter--coming from far away in the droshky's wake. There is
+something--he can't exactly tell what--in those sounds he doesn't like;
+they are human, and yet not human; they may proceed from some one
+running--some one tall and lithe, with an unusually long stride. They
+may--and he casts a shuddering look over his shoulder as the thought
+strikes him--they may be nothing human--they may be the patter of a
+wolf! A huge, gaunt, hungry wolf! an abnormally big wolf! a wolf with a
+gallop like that of a horse! The driver was new to these parts; he had
+but lately come from the Baron's establishment in St. Petersburg. He had
+never been in this wood after dark, and he had never seen a wolf save in
+the Zoological Gardens. The atmosphere now began to sharpen. From being
+merely cold it became positively icy, and muttering, "I never felt
+anything like this in St. Petersburg," the driver shrank into the depths
+of his furs, and tried to settle himself more comfortably in his seat.
+The horses, too, four in number, were strangers in Estonia, the Baron
+having only recently paid a heavy price for them in Nava on account of
+their beauty. Not that they were merely handsome; despite their small
+and graceful build, and the glossy sleekness of their coats, they were
+both strong and spirited, and could cover twenty-five versts without a
+pause. But now they, too, heard the sounds--there was no doubt of
+that--and felt the cold. At first they shivered, then whined, and then
+came to an abrupt halt; and then, without the slightest warning, tore
+the shifting tag and rag tight around them, and bounding forward, were
+off like the wind. Then, away in their rear, and plainly audible above
+the thunder of their hoofs, came a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry,
+which was almost instantly repeated, not once, but again and again.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno, who had been rudely awakened from their slumbers by
+the unusual behaviour of the horses, were now on the _qui vive_.
+
+"Good heavens! What's that?" they cried in chorus.
+
+"What's that, coachman?" shrieked Anno, digging the shivering driver in
+the back.
+
+"Volki, mistress, volki!" was the reply, and on flew the droshky faster,
+faster, faster!
+
+To Stanislaus and Anno the word "wolves" came as a stunning shock. All
+the tales they had ever heard of these ferocious beasts crowded their
+minds at once. Wolves! was it possible that those dreadful bogies of
+their childhood--those grim and awful creatures, grotesquely but none
+the less vividly portrayed in their imagination by horror-loving
+nurses--were actually close at hand! Supposing the brutes caught them,
+who would be eaten first? Anno, Stanislaus, or the driver? Would they
+devour them with their clothes on? If not, how would they get them off?
+Then, filled with morbid curiosity, they strained their ears and
+listened. Again--this time nearer, much nearer--came that cry, dismal,
+protracted, nerve-racking. Nor was that all, for they could now discern
+the pat-pat, pat-pat of footsteps--long, soft, loping footsteps, as of
+huge furry paws or naked human feet. However, they could see
+nothing--nothing but blackness, intensified by the feeble flickering of
+the droshky's lanterns.
+
+"Faster! drive faster!" Anno shouted, turning round and poking the
+coachman in the ribs with her umbrella. "Do you want us all to be
+eaten?"
+
+"I can't mistress, I can't!" the man expostulated; "the horses are
+outstripping the wind as it is. They can't go quicker." And the driver,
+consigning Stanislaus and his sister to the innermost recesses of hell,
+prayed to the Virgin to save him.
+
+Nearer and nearer drew the steps, and again a cry--a cry close behind
+them, perhaps fifty yards--fifty yards at the most. And as they were
+trying to locate it there burst into view a gigantic figure--nude and
+luminous, a figure that glowed like a glow-worm and bent slightly
+forward as it ran. It covered the ground with long, easy, swinging
+strides, without any apparent effort. In general form its body was like
+that of a man, saving that the limbs were longer and covered with short
+hair, and the feet and hands, besides being larger as a whole, had
+longer toes and fingers. Its head was partly human, partly lupine--the
+skull, ears, teeth, and eyes were those of a wolf, whilst the remaining
+features were those of a man. Its complexion was devoid of colour,
+startlingly white; its eyes green and lurid, its expression hellish.
+
+Stanislaus and Anno did not know what to make of it. Was it some
+terrible monstrosity that had escaped from a show, or something that was
+peculiar to the forest itself, something generated by the giant trees
+and dark, silent road? In their sublime terror they shrieked aloud, beat
+the air with their hands to ward it off, and finally left their seats to
+cling on to the back of the driver's box.
+
+But it came nearer, nearer, and nearer, until they were almost within
+reach of its arms. They read death in the glinting greenness of its eyes
+and in the flashing of its long bared teeth. The climax of their agony,
+they argued, could no longer be postponed. The thing had only to make a
+grab at them and they would die of horror--die even before it touched
+them. But this was not to be.
+
+They were still staring into the pale malevolent face drawing nearer and
+nearer, and wondering when the long twitching fingers would catch them
+by the throats, when the droshky with a mad swirl forward cleared the
+forest, and they found themselves gazing wildly into empty moonlit
+space, with no sign of their pursuer anywhere.
+
+An hour later they narrated their adventure to the Baron. Nothing could
+have exceeded his distress. "My dear friends!" he said, "I owe you a
+profound apology. I ought to have told my man to choose any other road
+rather than that through the forest, which is well known to be haunted.
+According to rumour, a werwolf--we have good reason to believe in
+werwolfs here--was killed there many years ago."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+HOW TO BECOME A WERWOLF
+
+
+As I have already stated, in some people lycanthropy is hereditary; and
+when it is not hereditary it may be acquired through the performance of
+certain of the rites ordained by Black Magic. For the present I can only
+deal with the more general features of these rites (which vary according
+to locality) and the conditions of mind essential to those who would
+successfully practise these rites. In the first place, it is necessary
+that the person desirous of acquiring the property of lycanthropy should
+be in earnest and a believer in those superphysical powers whose favour
+he is about to ask.
+
+Assuming we have such an individual he must, first of all, betake
+himself to a spot remote from the haunts of men. The powers to be
+petitioned are not to be found promiscuously--anywhere. They favour only
+such waste and solitary places as the deserts, woods, and mountain-tops.
+
+The locality chosen, our candidate must next select a night when the
+moon is new and strong.[56:1] He must then choose a perfectly level
+piece of ground, and on it, at midnight, he must mark, either with chalk
+or string--it really does not matter which--a circle of not less than
+seven feet in radius, and within this, and from the same centre, another
+circle of three feet in radius. Then, in the centre of this inner circle
+he must kindle a fire, and over the fire place an iron tripod containing
+an iron vessel of water. As soon as the water begins to boil the
+would-be lycanthropist must throw into it handfuls of any three of the
+following substances: Asafoetida, parsley, opium, hemlock, henbane,
+saffron, aloe, poppy-seed and solanum; repeating as he does so these
+words:--
+
+     "Spirits from the deep
+      Who never sleep,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits from the grave
+      Without a soul to save,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the trees
+      That grow upon the leas,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of the air,
+      Foul and black, not fair,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Water spirits hateful,
+      To ships and bathers fateful,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of earthbound dead
+      That glide with noiseless tread,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of heat and fire,
+      Destructive in your ire,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Spirits of cold and ice,
+      Patrons of crime and vice,
+        Be kind to me.
+
+     "Wolves, vampires, satyrs, ghosts!
+      Elect of all the devilish hosts!
+        I pray you send hither,
+        Send hither, send hither,
+        The great grey shape that makes men shiver!
+        Shiver, shiver, shiver!
+        Come! Come! Come!"
+
+The supplicant then takes off his vest and shirt and smears his body
+with the fat of some newly killed animal (preferably a cat), mixed with
+aniseed, camphor, and opium. Then he binds round his loins a girdle made
+of wolf's-skin, and kneeling down within the circumference of the first
+circle, waits for the advent of the Unknown. When the fire burns blue
+and quickly dies out, the Unknown is about to manifest itself; if it
+does not then actually appear it will make its presence felt.
+
+There is little consistency in the various methods of the spirit's
+advent: sometimes a deep unnatural silence immediately precedes it;
+sometimes crashes and bangs, groanings and shriekings, herald its
+approach. When it remains invisible its presence is indicated and
+accompanied by a sensation of abnormal cold and the most acute terror.
+It is sometimes visible in the guise of a huntsman--which is, perhaps,
+its most popular shape--sometimes in the form of a monstrosity, partly
+man and partly beast--and sometimes it is seen ill defined and only
+partially materialized. To what order of spirits it belongs is, of
+course, purely a matter of conjecture. I believe it to be some
+malevolent, superphysical, creative power, such as, in my opinion,
+participated largely in the creation of this and other planets. I do not
+believe it to be the Devil, because I do not believe in the existence of
+only one devil, but in countless devils. It is difficult to say to what
+extent the Unknown is believed to be powerful by those who approach it
+for the purpose of acquiring the gift of lycanthropy; but I am inclined
+to think that the majority of these, at all events, do not ascribe to it
+any supreme power, but regard it merely as a local spirit--the spirit
+of some particular wilderness or forest.
+
+Of course, it is quite possible that the property of werwolfery might be
+acquired by other than a direct personal communication with the Unknown,
+as, for example, by eating a wolf's brains, by drinking water out of a
+wolf's footprints, or by drinking out of a stream from which three or
+more wolves have been seen to drink; but as most of the stories I have
+heard of werwolfery acquired in this way are of a wild and improbable
+nature, I think there is little to be learned from the _modus operandi_
+they advocate. The following story, which I believe to be true in the
+main, was told me by a Dr. Broniervski, whom I met in Boulogne.
+
+"Ten years ago," my informant began, "I was engaged in a geological
+expedition in Montenegro. I left Cetinge in company with my escort,
+Dugald Dalghetty, a Dalmatian who had served me on many former
+occasions; but owing to an accident I was compelled to leave him behind
+at a village about thirty miles east of the capital. As it was
+absolutely necessary for me to have a guide, I chose a Montenegrin
+called Kniaz. Dalghetty warned me against him. 'Kniaz has the evil eye,'
+he said; 'he will bring misfortune on you. Choose some one else.'
+
+"Kniaz was certainly not particularly prepossessing. He was tall and
+angular, and pock-marked and sandy-haired; and his eyes had a peculiar
+cast--only a cast, of course, nothing more. To balance these detractions
+he was civil in his manners and extremely moderate in his terms.
+Dalghetty, faithful fellow, almost wept as he watched us depart. 'I
+shall never see you again,' he said. 'Never!'
+
+"Just outside the last cottage in the village we passed a gigantic,
+broad-shouldered man, clad in the usual clothes of frieze, a black
+skullcap, wide trousers, and tights from the knee to the ankle. Over his
+shoulders was a new white strookah, of which he seemed very proud;
+whilst he had a perfect armament of weapons--rifles, pistols,
+yatagan--polished up to the knocker--and cartouche-box. He was
+conversing with a girl at one of the windows, but turned as we came up
+to him and leered impudently at Kniaz. The sallow in Kniaz's cheeks
+turned to white, and the cast in his eyes became ten times more
+pronounced. But he said nothing--only drooped his head and shuffled a
+little closer to me.
+
+"For the rest of the day he spoke little; and I could tell from his
+expression and general air of dejection that he was still brooding over
+the incident. The following morning--we stayed the night in a wayside
+inn--Kniaz informed me that the route we had intended taking to
+Skaravoski--the town I meant to make the head quarters for my daily
+excursions--was blocked (a blood feud had suddenly been declared between
+two tribes), and that consequently we should have to go by some other
+way. I inquired who had told him and whether he was sure the information
+was correct. He replied that our host had given him the warning, and
+that the possibility of such an occurrence had been suggested to him
+before leaving Cetinge. 'But,' he added, 'there is no need to worry, for
+the other road, though somewhat wild and rough, is, in reality, quite as
+safe, and certainly a good league and a half shorter.' As it made no
+very great difference to me which way I went, I acquiesced. There was no
+reason to suspect Kniaz of any sinister motive--cases of treachery on
+the part of escorts are practically unknown in Montenegro--and if it
+were true that some of the tribes were engaged in a vendetta, then I
+certainly agreed that we could not give them too wide a berth. At the
+same time I could not help observing a strange innovation in Kniaz's
+character. Besides the sullenness that had laid hold of him since his
+encounter with the man and girl, he now exhibited a restless
+eagerness--his eyes were never still, his lips constantly moved, and I
+could frequently hear him muttering to himself as we trudged along. He
+asked me several times if I believed in the supernatural, and when I
+laughingly replied 'No, I am far too practical and level-headed,' he
+said 'Wait. We are now in the land of spirits. You will soon change your
+opinion.'
+
+"The country we were traversing was certainly forbidding--forbidding
+enough to be the hunting ground of legions of ferocious animals. But the
+supernatural! Bah! I flouted such an idea. All day we journeyed along a
+lofty ridge, from which, shortly before dusk, it became necessary to
+descend by a narrow and precipitous declivity, full of danger and
+difficulty. At the bottom we halted three or four hours, to wait for the
+moon, in a position sufficiently romantic and uncomfortable. A
+north-east wind, cold and biting, came whistling over the hills, and
+seemed to be sucked down into the hollow where we sat on the chilly
+stones. The moment we sighted the slightly depressed orb of the moon
+over the vast hill of rocks, and the Milky Way spanning the heavens with
+a brilliancy seen only in the East, we pushed on again. On, along a
+painfully rough and uneven track, flanked on either side by
+perpendicular masses of rock that reared themselves, black and frowning,
+like some huge ruined wall. On, till we eventually came to the end of
+the defile. Then an extraordinary scene burst upon us.
+
+"Whilst the irregular line of rocks continued close on our left, beyond
+it--glittering in the miraculously magnifying moonlight with more
+gigantic proportions than nature had afforded--was a huge pile of white
+rocks, looking like the fortifications of some vast fabulous city. There
+were yawning gateways flanked by bastions of great altitude; towers and
+pyramids; crescents and domes; and dizzy pinnacles; and castellated
+heights; all invested with the unearthly grandeur of the moon, yet
+showing in their wide breaches and indescribable ruin sure proofs that
+during a long course of ages they had been battered and undermined by
+rain, hurricane, and lightning, and all the mighty artillery of time.
+Piled on one another, and repeated over and over again, these strangely
+contorted rocks stretched as far as the eye could reach, sinking,
+however, as they receded, and leading the mind, though not the eye, down
+to the plain below, through which a turbid stream wound its way
+rebelliously, like some great twisting, twirling, silvery-scaled
+serpent.
+
+"It was into this gorge that Kniaz in a voice thrilling with excitement
+informed me we must plunge.
+
+"'It is called,' he explained to me, 'the haunted valley, and it is said
+to have been from time immemorial under the spell of the grey spirits--a
+species of phantasm, half man and half animal, that have the power of
+metamorphosing men into wild beasts.' Horses, he went on to inform me,
+showed the greatest reluctance to enter the valley, which was a sure
+proof that the place was in very truth phantom-ridden. I must say its
+appearance favoured that theory. The path by which we descended was
+almost perpendicular, and filled with shadows. Precipices hemmed us in
+on every side; and here and there a huge fragment of rock, standing like
+a petrified giant, its summit gleaming white in the moonbeams, barred
+our way.
+
+"On reaching the bottom we found ourselves exactly opposite the pile of
+white rocks, at the base of which roared the stream. Kniaz now declared
+that our best plan was to halt and bivouac here for the night. I
+expostulated, saying that I did not feel in the least degree tired, that
+the spot was far from comfortable, and that I preferred to push on.
+Kniaz then pleaded that he was too exhausted to proceed, and, in fact,
+whined to such an extent that in the end I gave way, and lying down
+under cover of a boulder, tried to imagine myself in bed. I did actually
+fall asleep, and awoke with the sensation of something crawling over my
+face. Sitting up, I looked around for Kniaz--he was nowhere to be seen.
+The oddness of his behaviour, his alternate talkativeness and
+sullenness, and the anxiety he had manifested to come by this route,
+made me at last suspicious. Had he any ulterior motive in leading me
+hither? What had become of him? Where was he? I got up and approached
+the margin of the stream, and then for the first time I felt frightened.
+The illimitable possibilities of that enormous mass of castellated rocks
+towering above me both quelled and fascinated me. Were these flickering
+shadows shadows, or--or had Kniaz, after all, spoken the truth when he
+said this valley was haunted? The moonlight rendered every object I
+looked upon so startlingly vivid, that not even the most trivial detail
+escaped my notice, and the more I scrutinized the more firmly the
+conviction grew on me that I was in a neighbourhood differing
+essentially from any spot I had hitherto visited. I saw nothing with
+which I had been formerly conversant. The few trees at hand resembled no
+growth of either the torrid, temperate, or northern frigid zones, and
+were altogether unlike those of the southern latitudes with which I was
+most familiar. The very rocks were novel in their mass, their colour,
+and their stratification; and the stream itself, utterly incredible as
+it may appear, had so little in common with the streams of other
+countries that I shrank away from it in alarm. I am at a loss to give
+any distinct idea of the nature of the water. I can only say it was not
+like ordinary water, either in appearance or behaviour. Even in the
+moonlight it was not colourless, nor was it of any one colour,
+presenting to the eye every variety of green and blue. Although it fell
+over stones and rocks with the same rapid descent as ordinary water, it
+made no sound, neither splash nor gurgle. Summoning up courage, I dipped
+my fingers in the stream; it was quite cold and limpid. The difference
+did not lie there. I was still puzzling over this phenomenon, still
+debating in my mind the possibility of the valley being haunted, when I
+heard a cry--a peculiarly ominous cry--human and yet animal. For a few
+seconds I was too overcome with fear to move. At last, however, having
+in some measure pulled myself together, I ventured cautiously in the
+direction of the noise, and after treading as lightly as I could over
+the rough and rocky soil for some couple of hundred yards, suddenly came
+to an abrupt standstill.
+
+"Kneeling beside the stream with its back turned to me was an
+extraordinary figure--a thing with a man's body and an animal's head--a
+dark, shaggy head with unmistakable prick ears. I gazed at it aghast.
+What was it? What was it doing? As I stared it bent down, lapped the
+water, and raising its head, uttered the same harrowing sound that had
+brought me thither. I then saw, with a fresh start of wonder, that its
+hands, which shone very white in the moonlight, were undergoing a
+gradual metamorphosis. I watched carefully, and first one finger, and
+then another, became amalgamated in a long, furry paw, armed with sharp,
+formidable talons.
+
+"I suppose that in my fear and astonishment I made some sound of
+sufficient magnitude to attract attention; anyhow, the creature at once
+swung round, and, with a snarl of rage, rushed savagely at me. Being
+unarmed, and also, I confess, unnerved, I completely lost my presence of
+mind, and not attempting to escape--though flight would have been
+futile, for I was nothing of a runner--shrieked aloud for help. The
+thing sprang at me, its jaws wide open, its eyes red with rage. I struck
+at it wildly, and have dim recollections of my puny blows landing on its
+face. It closed in on me, and gripping me tightly round the body with
+its sinewy arms, hurled me to the ground. My head came in violent
+contact with a stone, and I lost consciousness. On recovering my senses,
+I was immeasurably surprised to find Dalghetty sitting on a rock
+watching me, whilst close beside him was Kniaz, bloodstained and
+motionless.
+
+"Dalghetty explained the situation. 'Convinced that evil would befall
+you in the company of such a man,' he said, pointing to the figure at
+his feet, 'I determined to set out in pursuit of you. By a miracle,
+which I attribute to Our Lady, the effects of my accident suddenly wore
+off, and I felt absolutely well. I borrowed a horse, and, starting from
+Cetinge at nine this morning, reached the inn where you passed last
+night at eleven. There I learned the route you had taken, and leaving
+the horse behind--on such a road I was safer on my legs--I pressed on.
+The ground, being moist in places, revealed your footprints, and I had
+no difficulty at all in tracing you to the bottom of the declivity.
+There I was at sea for some moments, since the rocky soil was too hard
+to receive any impressions. But hearing the howl of some wild animal, I
+concluded you were attacked, and, guided by the sound, I arrived here to
+find a werwolf actually preparing to devour you. A bullet from my rifle
+speedily rendered the creature harmless, and a close inspection of it
+proved that my surmises were only too correct. It was none other than
+our friend here with the evil eye--Kniaz!'
+
+"'Kniaz a werwolf!' I ejaculated.
+
+"'Yes! he inveigled you here because he had made up his mind to drink
+the water of the enchanted stream, and so become metamorphosed from a
+man to a wild beast. His object in doing so was to destroy a young
+farmer who had stolen his sweetheart, and for whom he, as a man, was no
+match. However, he is harmless now, but it is a warning to you in future
+to trust no one who has the evil eye.'"
+
+Belief in the evil eye is everywhere prevalent in the East, and it is
+undoubtedly true that people who have certain peculiarities in their
+eyes, both with regard to expression, colour, and formation, are people
+to be avoided. If malevolently inclined, they invariably bring ill-luck
+on all who become acquainted with them. I have followed the careers of
+several people in whom I have noticed this baneful feature, and their
+histories have been one long tale of sin or sorrow--often both.
+
+But though the evil eye denotes an evil superphysical influence, the
+werwolf is not necessarily possessed of it. Sometimes a werwolf may be
+told by the long, straight, slanting eyebrows, which meet in an angle
+over the nose; sometimes by the hands, the third finger of which is a
+trifle the longest; or by the finger-nails, which are red,
+almond-shaped, and curved; sometimes by the ears, which are set rather
+low, and far back on their heads; and sometimes by a noticeably long,
+swinging stride, which is strongly suggestive of some animal. Either one
+or other of these features is always present in hereditary werwolves,
+and is also frequently developed in those people who become werwolves,
+either at the same time as or soon after they acquire the property.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[56:1] Psychic influences are demonstrated by the position of the
+planets. For instance, at a new moon, cusp of Seventh House, and
+cojoined with Saturn in opposition to Jupiter, sinister superphysical
+presences are much in evidence on the earth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+WERWOLVES AND EXORCISM
+
+
+In the preceding chapter I touched on one or two modes of evoking the
+spirits that have it in their power to confer the property of
+lycanthropy; I now pass on to the question of exorcism in relation to
+werwolves.
+
+Is it possible to exorcize the evil power of metamorphosis possessed by
+the werwolf, or, as those would say who see in the werwolf, not the
+possession of a property, but a spirit, "to exorcize the evil spirit"?
+
+For my own part, and basing my opinion on my own experiences with other
+forms of the superphysical, with regard to the success of exorcism I am
+sceptical. I have been present when exorcism has been tried--tried on
+people supposed to be obsessed with demoniacal spirits, and tried on
+spontaneous psychic phenomena in haunted houses--and in both cases it
+has failed. Now, although, as I have said, I regard lycanthropy in the
+light of a property, and do not believe in the lycanthropist being
+possessed of a separate individual spirit, I am inclined to think, were
+exorcism efficacious at all, that it would take effect on werwolves,
+since the property of werwolfery is a gift which is, more or less,
+directly acquired from the malevolent spirits.
+
+But I am not only dubious as to the powers of exorcism generally, I am
+also dubious as to its effect on werwolves. I have come across a good
+many alleged cases of its having been successfully practised on
+werwolves, but in regard to these cases, the authority is not very
+reliable, nor the corroborative evidence strong.
+
+Nearly all the methods prescribed embrace the use of some potion; such,
+for example, as sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, mixed with clear
+spring water; or hypericum, compounded with vinegar--which two potions
+seem to have been (and to be still) the most favoured recipes for
+removing the devilish power.
+
+The ceremony of exorcism proceeded as follows: The werwolf was sprinkled
+three times with one of the above solutions, and saluted with the sign
+of the cross, or addressed thrice by his baptismal name, each address
+being accompanied by a blow on the forehead with a knife; or he was
+sprinkled, whilst at the same time his girdle was removed; or in lieu of
+being sprinkled, he had three drops of blood drawn from his chest, or
+was compelled to kneel in one spot for a great number of years.
+
+A full description of the practice and failure of exorcism was cited to
+me the other day in connexion with a comparatively recent happening in
+Asiatic Russia:--
+
+Tina Peroviskei, a wealthy young widow, who lived in St. Nicholas
+Street, Moscow--not a hundred yards from the house of Herr Schauman, the
+well-known German banker and horticulturist (every one in Russia has
+heard of the Schauman tulips)--met a gentleman named Ivan Baranoff at a
+friend's house, and, despite the warning of her brother, married him.
+
+Ivan Baranoff did not look more than thirty years of age. He was usually
+dressed in grey furs--a grey fur coat, grey fur leggings, and a grey fur
+cap. His features were very handsome--at least, so Tina thought--his
+hair was flaxen, glossy, and bright as a mirror; and his mouth, when
+open, displayed a most brilliant set of even, white teeth. Tina had
+three children by her first husband, and the fuss Ivan Baranoff made of
+them pleased her immensely. Their own father never evinced a greater
+anxiety for their welfare. Ivan brought them the most expensive toys and
+sweetmeats--particularly sweetmeats--and would insist on seeing for
+himself that they had plenty of rich, creamy milk, fresh eggs, and the
+best of butter.
+
+"You'll kill them with kindness," Tina often remonstrated. "They are too
+fat by half now."
+
+"They can't be too fat," Ivan would reply. "No one is too fat. I love to
+see rosy cheeks and stout limbs. Wait till you're in the country! Then
+you may talk about putting on flesh. The air there will fatten you even
+more than the food."
+
+"Then we shall burst, and there will be an end of us," Tina would
+laughingly say.
+
+But despite all this, despite the way in which he fondled and caressed
+them, the children involuntarily shrank away from Ivan; and on Tina
+angrily demanding the reason, they told her they could not help
+it--there was something in his bright eyes and touch that frightened
+them. When Tina's brothers and sisters heard of this, they upheld the
+children.
+
+"We are not in the least surprised," they said; "his eyes are cruel--so
+are his lips; and as for his eyebrows--those dark, straight eyebrows
+that meet in a point over the nose--why, every one knows what a bad sign
+that is!"
+
+But Tina grew so angry they had to desist. "You are jealous," she said
+to her brothers. "You envy him his looks and money." And to her sisters
+she said, "You only wish you could have had him yourselves. You know I
+love him already far more than I ever loved Rupert." (Rupert was her
+first husband.)
+
+And within a month or so of the marriage Tina left all her relatives in
+Moscow, and, accompanied by her children and dogs--some people hinted
+that Tina was fonder of her dogs than of her children--went with Ivan
+Baranoff to his ancestral home near Orsk.
+
+Though accustomed to the cold, Tina found the climate of Orsk almost
+more than she could bear. Her husband's house, which occupied an
+extremely solitary position on the confines of a gloomy forest, some few
+miles from the town, was a large, grey stone building full of dark
+winding passages and dungeon-like rooms. The furniture was scant, and
+the rooms, with the exception of those devoted to herself, her husband
+and the children, which were covered with crimson drugget, were
+carpetless. A more barren, inhospitable looking house could not be
+imagined, and the moment Tina entered it, her spirits sank to zero. The
+atmosphere of the place frightened her the most. It was not that it was
+merely forlorn and cheerless, but there was a something in it that
+reminded her of the smell of the animal houses in the Zoological Gardens
+in Moscow, and a something she could not analyse--a something which she
+concluded must be peculiar to the house. The children were very much
+upset. The sight of the dark entrance hall and wide, silent staircases,
+bathed in gloom, terrified them.
+
+"Oh, mother!" they cried, clutching hold of Tina Baranoff and dragging
+her back, "we can never live here. Take us away at once. Look at those
+things. Whatever are they?" And they pointed to the shadows--queerly
+shaped shadows--that lay in thick clusters on the stairs and all around
+them.
+
+Tina did not know what to say. Her own apprehensions and the only too
+obvious terror of the dogs, whom she had literally to drive across the
+threshold, and who whined and cringed at her feet, confirming the
+children's fears, made it impossible for her to check them. Moreover,
+since leaving Moscow the warnings of her friends and relations had often
+come back to her. Though Ivan had never ceased to be kind, his conduct
+roused her suspicions. During the journey, which he had insisted should
+be performed in a droshky, he halted every evening directly the moon
+became invisible, and used to disappear regularly between dusk and
+sunrise. He would never tell her where he went or attempt to explain the
+oddness of his conduct, but when pressed by her would merely say:
+
+"It is a habit. I always like to roam abroad in the night-time--it would
+be very bad for my health if I did not."
+
+And this was all Tina could get out of him. She noticed, too, what her
+blind infatuation had prevented her observing before, that there was a
+fierce expression in his eyes when he set out on these nocturnal
+rambles, and that on his return the corners of his mouth and his long
+finger-nails were always smeared with blood. Furthermore, she noticed
+that although he was concerned about the appetites of herself and the
+children, he ate very little cooked food himself--never vegetables or
+bread--and would often furtively put a raw piece of meat into his mouth
+when he thought no one was looking.
+
+Tina hoped that these irregularities would cease on their arrival at the
+chateau, but, on the contrary, they rather increased, and she became
+greatly perturbed.
+
+The second night after their arrival, when she had been in bed some time
+and was nearly asleep, Tina, between her half-closed eyelids, watched
+her husband get out of bed, stealthily open the window, and drop from
+the sill. Some hours later she was again aroused. She heard the growl of
+a wolf--and immediately afterwards saw Ivan's grey-clad head at the
+window. He came softly into the room, and as he tiptoed across the floor
+to the washstand, Tina saw splashes of blood on his face and coat,
+whilst it dripped freely from his finger-tips. In the morning the news
+was brought her by the children that one of her favourite dogs was
+dead--eaten by some wild animal, presumably a wolf. Tina's position now
+became painful in the extreme. She was more than suspicious of her
+husband, and had no one--saving her children--in whom she could confide.
+The house seemed to be under a ban; no one, not even a postman or
+tradesman, ever came near it, and with the exception of the two
+servants, whose silent, gliding movements and light glittering eyes
+filled both her and her children with infinite dread, she did not see a
+soul.
+
+On four consecutive nights one of her four dogs was killed, each in
+precisely the same manner; and on each of these consecutive nights Tina
+watched Ivan surreptitiously leave the house and return all
+bloodstained, and accompanied by the distant howl of wolves. And on the
+day following the death of each dog respectively, Tina noticed the grey
+glinting eyes of the two servants become more and more earnestly fixed
+on the children and herself. At meal-times the eyes never left her; she
+was conscious of their scrutiny at every mouthful she took; and when she
+passed them in the passages, she instinctively felt their gaze following
+her steadily till she was out of sight. Sometimes, hearing a stealthy
+breathing outside her room, she would quickly open the door, demanding
+who was there; and she invariably caught one or other of the servants
+slinking away disconcerted, but still peeping at her furtively from
+under his long pointed eyebrows. When she spoke to them they answered
+her in harsh, curiously discordant tones, and usually only in
+monosyllables; but she never heard them converse with one another save
+in whispers--always in whispers. The house was now full of shadows--and
+whispers. They haunted her even in her sleep. For the first two or three
+days her husband had been communicative; but he gradually grew more and
+more taciturn, until at last he rarely said anything at all. He merely
+watched her--watched her wherever she went, and whatever she did; and he
+watched the children--particularly the children--with the same
+expression, the same undefinable secretive expression that harmonized so
+well with the shadows and whispers. And it was this treatment--the
+treatment she now received from her husband--that made Tina appreciate
+the company of her children. Before, they had been quite a tertiary
+consideration--Ivan had come first; then the dogs; and lastly, Hilda,
+Olga, and Peter. But this order was at length reversed; and on the death
+of the last of her pets, Hilda, Olga and Peter stood first. She spent
+practically every minute of the day with them; and, despite the
+protestations of her husband, converted her dressing-room into a bedroom
+for them. The first evening of their removal to their new quarters, Tina
+sat and played with them till one after another they fell asleep from
+sheer exhaustion. Then she sat beside them and examined them curiously.
+Hilda, the eldest, was lying composed and orderly, with pale cheek and
+smooth hair, her limbs straight, her head slightly bent, the bedclothes
+unruffled upon the regularly heaving chest. How pretty Hilda looked, and
+how odd it was that she, Tina, had never noticed the beauty of the child
+before! Why, with her fair complexion, delicate features, and perfectly
+shaped arms and hands she would undoubtedly one day take all Moscow by
+storm; and every one would say, "Do you know who that lovely girl is?
+She is the daughter of Tina--Tina Baranoff. [She shuddered at the name
+Baranoff.] No wonder she is beautiful!"
+
+Tina turned from Hilda to Olga. What a contrast, but not an unpleasant
+one--for Olga was pretty, too, though in a different style. What a
+sight!--defying all order and bursting all bounds, flushed, tumbled and
+awry--the round arms tossed up, the rosy face flung back, the bedclothes
+pushed off, the pillow flung out, the nightcap one way, the hair
+another--all that was disorderly and lovely by night, all that was
+unruly and winning by day. Tina--dainty, elegant, perfumed, manicured
+Tina--bent over untidy little Olga and kissed her.
+
+Then she turned to Peter, and, unable to resist the temptation, tickled
+his toes and woke him. When she had at last sent him to sleep again, it
+was almost dinner-time; and she had barely got into her dress when one
+of the servants rapped at the door to say that the meal was ready. The
+house was very large, and Tina had to pass through two halls and down a
+long corridor before reaching the room where the dinner was served.
+Rather to her relief than otherwise, her husband did not put in an
+appearance, and a note from him informed her that he had unexpectedly
+been called away on business and would not be able to return till late
+the following day.
+
+Tina did not enjoy her dinner. The soup had rather a peculiar flavour,
+but she knew it was useless to make any comment. The servants either
+could not or would not understand, and Ivan invariably upheld them in
+everything they did. Unable to bear the man's eyes continually fixed on
+her, she told him not to wait, and hurried through the meal so as to get
+him out of the way, and be left for the rest of the evening in peace.
+The big wood fire appealed to Tina--it was the only thing in that part
+of the house that seemed to have any life--and she resolved to sit by
+it, and, perhaps, skim through a book. Tina seldom read--in Moscow, all
+her evenings were spent at cards. She remembered, however, that somebody
+had told her repeatedly, and emphatically, that she ought to read
+Tolstoy's "Resurrection," and she had actually brought it with her. Now
+she would wade through it. But whether it was the heat of the fire, or
+the lateness of the hour, or both, her senses grew more and more drowsy,
+and before she had begun to read, she fell asleep.
+
+She was, at length, partially awakened by a loud noise. At first her
+sleepy senses paid little attention and she dozed on. But again she was
+roused. A noise which grew louder and louder at last compelled her to
+shake off sleep, and starting up, she opened the door and looked into
+the passage. A few streaks of moonlight, streaming through an iron
+grating high up in the wall, enabled her to see a tall figure stealing
+softly along the corridor, with its back towards her. The thing was so
+extraordinary that for a moment or so she fancied she must still be
+dreaming; but the cold night air blowing freely in her face speedily
+assured her that what she saw was grim reality. The thing was a
+monstrosity, a hideous hybrid of man and beast, and as she gazed at it,
+too horror-stricken to move, a second and third form exactly similar to
+it crept out from among the shadows against the wall and joined it. And
+Tina, yielding to a sudden fascination, followed in their wake. In this
+fashion they crossed the hall and ascended the staircase, Tina keeping
+well behind them. She knew where they were aiming for, and any little
+doubt that she might have had was set at rest, when they turned into the
+passage leading to her bedroom. A moaning cry of fear from one of the
+children told her that they, too, knew by intuition of their coming
+danger. Tina was now in an agony of mind as to what to do for the best.
+That the intention of these hideous creatures--be they what they
+might--phantasms or things of flesh and blood--was sinister, she had not
+the slightest doubt; but how could she prevent them getting at her
+children? The most she could do would be to shout to Hilda and tell her
+to lock the two doors. But would that keep them out? She opened her
+mouth and jerked out "Hilda!" She tried again, but her throat had
+completely dried up, and she could not articulate another syllable. The
+sound, however, though faint, had been sufficient to attract the
+attention of the hindermost creature. It turned, and the light from the
+moon, coming through the half-open door of her bedroom, shone on its
+glittering eyes and white teeth. It sprang towards her. With one
+convulsive bound Tina cleared the threshold of a room immediately behind
+her, dashed the door to--locked it--barred it--flung a chair against it;
+and stood in an agony, for which no words exist. She seemed to see, all
+in a moment, herself safe, and her children--not a door closed between
+them and those dreadful jaws! She then became stupefied with terror, and
+a strange, dinning sound, like the pulsation of her heart, filled her
+ears and shut out every sense.
+
+"It is a devil! a devil!" she repeated mechanically; and then, forcing
+herself out of the trance-like feeling that oppressed her, she combated
+with the cowardice that prevented her rushing out--if only to die in an
+attempt to save her children. She had not realized till then that it was
+possible to care for them more even--much more even--than she had cared
+for her dogs. She placed one hand on the lock, and looked round for some
+weapon of defence. There was not a thing she could use--not a stanchion
+to the window, not a rod to the bed. And even if there had been, how
+futile in her puny grip! She glanced at her tiny white fingers with
+their carefully trimmed and polished nails, and smiled--a grim smile of
+irony. Then she placed her ear against the panels of the door and
+listened--and from the other side came the sound of heavy panting and
+the stealthy movement of hands. Suddenly a scream rang out, so clear and
+vibrating, so full of terror, that her heart stood still and her blood
+congealed. It was Hilda! Hilda shrieking "Mother!" There it was again,
+"Mother! Mother! Help! Help!" Then a series of savage snarls and growls
+and more shrieks--the combined shrieks of all three children. Shrieks
+and growls were then mingled together in one dreadful, hideous
+pandemonium, which all of a sudden ceased, and was succeeded by the loud
+crunching and cracking of bones. At last that, too, ceased, and Tina
+heard footsteps rapidly approaching her door. For a moment the room and
+everything in it swam round her. She felt choked; the dinning in her
+ears came again, it beat louder and louder and completely paralysed her.
+A crash on the door panel, however, abruptly restored her faculties, and
+the idea of escaping by the window for the first time entered her mind.
+If her husband could use the window as a means of exit, why couldn't
+she? Not a second was to be lost--the creatures outside were now
+striving their utmost to get in. It was the work of a moment to throw
+open the window, and almost before she knew she had opened it, she found
+herself standing on the ground beneath. The night had grown darker; she
+could not see the path; she knew that she was losing time, and yet that
+all depended on her haste; she felt fevered with impatience, yet torpid
+with terror. At length she disengaged herself from the broken, uneven
+soil on to which she had dropped, and struggled forward. On and on she
+went, not knowing where her next step would land her, and dreading every
+moment to hear the steps of her pursuers. The darkness of the night
+favoured her, and by dodging in and out the bushes and never keeping to
+the same track, although still keeping a forward course, she
+successfully eluded her enemies, whose hoarse cries gradually grew
+fainter and fainter. By good luck she reached the high road, which
+eventually brought her to Orsk; and there she sought shelter in a hotel.
+In the morning, on learning from the landlord that a friend of hers, a
+Colonel Majendie, was in the town, Tina sought him out, and into his
+sympathizing ears poured the story of her adventures.
+
+Now it so happened that a priest of the name of Rappaport, a friend of
+the Colonel's, came in before Tina had finished her story, and on being
+told what had happened, declared that Ivan Baranoff and his servants had
+long been suspected of being werwolves. He then begged that before
+anything was done to them he might be allowed to try his powers of
+exorcism. The Colonel ridiculed the idea, but in the end was persuaded
+to postpone his visit to the chateau till the evening, and to go there
+with an escort, a quartette of his most trusted soldiers, and
+accompanied by his friend the Rev. Father Rappaport. Accordingly, at
+about nine o'clock the party set out, and, on arriving at the house,
+found it in total darkness and apparently deserted.
+
+But they had not waited long before a series of savage growls from the
+adjacent thicket put them on their guard, and almost immediately
+afterwards three werwolves stalked across the path and prepared to enter
+the house. At a word from the Colonel the soldiers leaped forward, and
+after a most desperate scuffle, in which they were all more or less
+badly mauled, succeeded in securing their quarry. In more civilized
+parts of the country the police would have been called in, but here,
+where that good old law, "Might is right," still held good, a man in the
+Colonel's position could do whatever he deemed most expedient, and
+Colonel Majendie had made up his mind that justice should no longer be
+delayed. The chateau had borne an ill reputation for generations. From
+time immemorial Ivan Baranoff's ancestors had been suspected of
+lycanthropy, and this last deed of the family was their crowning
+atrocity.
+
+"You may exorcize the devils first," the Colonel grimly remarked to the
+priest, wiping the blood off his sleeves. "We will hang and quarter the
+brutes afterwards."
+
+To this the holy Father willingly agreed, for he did not care what
+happened so long as his exorcism was successful.
+
+The rites that were performed in connexion with this ceremony (and which
+I understand are those most commonly observed in exorcizing all manner
+of evil spirits) were as follows:--
+
+A circle of seven feet radius was drawn on the ground in white chalk. At
+the centre of the circle were inscribed, in yellow chalk, certain
+magical figures representing Mercury, and about them was drawn, in white
+chalk, a triangle within a circle of three feet radius--the centre of
+the circle being the same as that of the outer circle. Within this inner
+circle were then placed the three captive werwolves. It would be well to
+explain here that in exorcism, as well as in the evocation of spirits,
+great attention must be paid to the position of the stars, as astrology
+exercises the greatest influence on the spirit world. The present
+occasion, the reverend Father pointed out, was specially favourable for
+the casting out of devils, since from 8.32 p.m. to 9.16 p.m. was under
+the dominion of the great angel Mercury--the most bitter opponent of
+all evil spirits; that is to say, Mercury was in 17 deg. [Gemini symbol]
+on the cusp of Seventh House, slightly to south of due west.
+
+     [waxing crescent Moon symbol] going to [Mars symbol] with
+         [Mercury symbol] in 14 deg. [Gemini symbol]
+     [Mercury symbol] to [Mars symbol] [Neptune symbol] [Mercury
+         symbol] 130 deg. [Saturn symbol]
+
+Round the outer circle the reverend Father now proceeded to place, at
+equal intervals, hand-lamps, burning olive oil. He then erected a rude
+altar of wood, about a foot to the southeast of the circumference of the
+inner circle. Exactly opposite this altar, and about 1-1/2 feet to the
+far side of the circumference of the inner circle, he ordered the
+soldiers to build a fire, and to place over it a tripod and pot, the
+latter containing two pints of pure spring water.
+
+He then prepared a mixture consisting of these ingredients:--
+
+     2 drachms of sulphur.
+     1/2 oz. of castoreum.
+     6 drachms of opium.
+     3 drachms of asafoetida.
+     1/2 oz. of hypericum.
+     3/4 oz. of ammonia.
+     1/2 oz. of camphor.
+
+When this was thoroughly mixed he put it in the water in the pot, adding
+to it a portion of a mandrake root, a live snake, two live toads in
+linen bags, and a fungus. He then bound together, with red tape, a wand
+consisting of three sprigs taken, respectively, from an ash, birch, and
+white poplar.
+
+He next proceeded to pray, kneeling in front of the altar; and continued
+praying till the unearthly cries of the toads announced the fact that
+the water, in which they were immersed, was beginning to boil. Slowly
+getting up and crossing himself, he went to the fire, and dipping a cup
+in the pot, solemnly approached the werwolves, and slashing them
+severely across the head with his wand, dashed in their faces the
+seething liquid, calling out as he did so: "In the name of Our Blessed
+Lady I command thee to depart. Black, evil devils from hell, begone!
+Begone! Again I say, Begone!" He repeated this three times to the
+vociferous yells of the smarting werwolves, who struggled so frantically
+that they succeeded in bursting their bonds, and, leaping to their feet,
+endeavoured to escape into the bushes. The soldiers at once rose in
+pursuit and the priest was left alone. He had got rid of the flesh and
+blood, and he presumed he had got rid of the devils. But that remained
+to be proved.
+
+In the chase that ensued one of the werwolves was shot, and,
+simultaneously with death, metamorphosis into the complete form of a
+huge grey wolf took place. The other two eluded their pursuers for some
+time, but were eventually tracked owing to the discovery of the
+half-eaten remains of an old woman and two children in a cave. True to
+their lupine natures,[91:1] they showed no fight when cornered, and a
+couple of well-directed bullets put an end to their existence--the same
+metamorphosis occurring in their case as in the case of their companion.
+With the death of the three werwolves the chateau, one would naturally
+have thought, might have emerged from its ban. But no such thing. It
+speedily acquired a reputation for being haunted.
+
+And that it was haunted--haunted not only by werwolves but by all sorts
+of ghastly phantasms--I have no doubt.
+
+I was told, not long ago, that Tina, whose property it became, pulled it
+down, and that another house, replete with every modern luxury--but
+equally haunted[91:2]--now marks the site of the old chateau.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[91:1] The wolf and puma, alone among savage animals, give in directly
+they are brought to bay.
+
+[91:2] The hauntings in houses are often due to something connected with
+the ground on which the houses are built.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE WERWOLF IN THE BRITISH ISLES
+
+
+It is commonly known that there were once wolves in Great Britain and
+Scotland. Whilst history tells us of a king who tried to get rid of them
+by offering so much for every wolf's head that was brought to him, we
+read in romance how Llewellyn slew Gelert, the faithful hound that,
+having slain the wolf, saved his infant's life; and tradition has handed
+down to us many other stories of them. But the news that werwolves, too,
+once flourished in these climes will come as a surprise to many.
+
+Yet Halliwell, quoting from a Bodleian MS., says: "Ther ben somme that
+eten chyldren and men, and eteth noon other flesh fro that tyme that
+thei be a-charmed with mannys flesh for rather thei wolde be deed; and
+thei be cleped werewolfes for men shulde be war of them."
+
+Nor is this the only reference to them in ancient chronicles, for
+Gervase of Tilbury, in his "Otia Imperiala," writes:--
+
+"Vidimus enim frequenter in Anglia per lunationes homines in lupos
+mutari, quod hominum genus gerulphos Galli nominant, Angli vero
+were-wulf dicunt." And Richard Verstegan, in his "Restitution of Decayed
+Intelligence," 1605, says: "The were-wolves are certain sorcerers who
+having anointed their bodies with an ointment which they make by the
+instinct of the devil, and putting on a certain enchanted girdle, do not
+only unto the view of others seem as wolves, but to their own thinking
+have both the shape and nature of wolves, so long as they wear the said
+girdle; and they do dispose themselves as very wolves in worrying and
+killing, and eating most of human creatures."
+
+In my investigations of haunted houses and my psychical research work
+generally, I have come across much that I believe to be good evidence in
+support of the testimony of these writers. For instance, in localities
+once known to have been the favourite haunts of wolves, I have met
+people who have informed me they have seen phantasms, in shape half
+human and half beast, that might well be the earth-bound spirits of
+werwolves.
+
+A Miss St. Denis told me she was once staying on a farm, in
+Merionethshire, where she witnessed a phenomenon of this class. The
+farm, though some distance from the village, was not far off the railway
+station, a very diminutive affair, with only one platform and a mere box
+that served as a waiting-room and booking-office combined. It was,
+moreover, one of those stations where the separate duties of
+station-master, porter, booking-clerk, and ticket-collector are
+performed by one and the same person, and where the signal always
+appears to be down. As the platform commanded the only paintable view in
+the neighbourhood, Miss St. Denis often used to resort there with her
+sketch-book. On one occasion she had stayed rather later than usual, and
+on rising hurriedly from her camp-stool saw, to her surprise, a figure
+which she took to be that of a man, sitting on a truck a few yards
+distant, peering at her. I say to her surprise, because, excepting on
+the rare occasion of a train arriving, she had never seen anyone at the
+station besides the station-master, and in the evening the platform was
+invariably deserted. The loneliness of the place was for the first time
+brought forcibly home to her. The station-master's tiny house was at
+least some hundred yards away, and beyond that there was not another
+habitation nearer than the farm. On all sides of her, too, were black,
+frowning precipices, full of seams and fissures and inequalities,
+showing vague and shadowy in the fading rays of the sun. Here and there
+were the huge, gaping mouths of gloomy slate quarries that had long been
+disused, and were now half full of foul water. Around them the earth was
+heaped with loose fragments of rock which had evidently been detached
+from the principal mass and shivered to pieces in the fall. A few trees,
+among which were the black walnut, the slippery elm, and here and there
+an oak, grew among the rocks, and attested by their dwarfish stature the
+ungrateful soil in which they had taken root. It was not an exhilarating
+scene, but it was one that had a peculiar fascination for Miss St.
+Denis--a fascination she could not explain, and which she now began to
+regret. The darkness had come on very rapidly, and was especially
+concentrated, so it seemed to her, round the spot where she sat, and she
+could make nothing out of the silent figure on the truck, save that it
+had unpleasantly bright eyes and there was something queer about it. She
+coughed to see if that would have any effect, and as it had none she
+coughed again. Then she spoke and said, "Can you tell me the time,
+please?" But there was no reply, and the figure still sat there staring
+at her. Then she grew uneasy and, packing up her things, walked out of
+the station, trying her best to look as if nothing had occurred. She
+glanced over her shoulder; the figure was following her. Quickening her
+pace, she assumed a jaunty air and whistled, and turning round again,
+saw the strange figure still coming after her. The road would soon be at
+its worst stage of loneliness, and, owing to the cliffs on either side
+of it, almost pitch dark. Indeed, the spot positively invited murder,
+and she might shriek herself hoarse without the remotest chance of
+making herself heard. To go on with this _outre_ figure so unmistakably
+and persistently stalking her, was out of the question. Screwing up
+courage, she swung round, and, raising herself to her full height,
+cried: "What do you want? How dare you?"--She got no further, for a
+sudden spurt of dying sunlight, playing over the figure, showed her it
+was nothing human, nothing she had ever conceived possible. It was a
+nude grey thing, not unlike a man in body, but with a wolf's head. As it
+sprang forward, its light eyes ablaze with ferocity, she instinctively
+felt in her pocket, whipped out a pocket flash-light, and pressed the
+button. The effect was magical; the creature shrank back, and putting
+two paw-like hands in front of its face to protect its eyes, faded into
+nothingness.
+
+She subsequently made inquiries, but could learn nothing beyond the
+fact that, in one of the quarries close to the place where the phantasm
+had vanished, some curious bones, partly human and partly animal, had
+been unearthed, and that the locality was always shunned after dusk.
+Miss St. Denis thought as I did, that what she had seen might very well
+have been the earth-bound spirit of a werwolf.
+
+The case of another haunting of this nature was related to me last year.
+A young married couple of the name of Anderson, having acquired, through
+the death of a relative, a snug fortune, resolved to retire from
+business and spend the rest of their lives in indolence and ease. Being
+fond of the country, they bought some land in Cumberland, at the foot of
+some hills, far away from any town, and built on it a large two-storied
+villa.
+
+They soon, however, began to experience trouble with their servants, who
+left them on the pretext that the place was lonely, and that they could
+not put up with the noises that they heard at night. The Andersons
+ridiculed their servants, but when their children remarked on the same
+thing they viewed the matter more seriously. "What are the noises like?"
+they inquired. "Wild animals," Willie, the eldest child, replied. "They
+come howling round the window at night and we hear their feet patter
+along the passage and stop at our door." Much mystified, Mr. and Mrs.
+Anderson decided to sit up with the children and listen. They did so,
+and between two and three in the morning were much startled by a noise
+that sounded like the growling of a wolf--Mr. Anderson had heard wolves
+in Canada--immediately beneath the window. Throwing open the window, he
+peered out; the moon was fully up and every stick and stone was plainly
+discernible; but there was now no sound and no sign of any animal. When
+he had closed the window the growling at once recommenced, yet when he
+looked again nothing was to be seen. After a while the growling ceased,
+and they heard the front door, which they had locked before coming
+upstairs, open, and the footsteps of some big, soft-footed animal ascend
+the stairs. Mr. Anderson waited till the steps were just outside the
+room and then flung open the door, but the light from his acetylene lamp
+revealed a passage full of moonbeams--nothing else.
+
+He and his wife were now thoroughly mystified. In the morning they
+explored the grounds, but could find no trace of footmarks, nothing to
+indicate the nature of their visitant. It was now close on Christmas,
+and as the noises had not been heard for some time, it was hoped that
+the disturbances would not occur again. The Andersons, like all modern
+parents, made idols of their children. They never did wrong, nothing was
+too good for them, and everything they wanted they had. At Christmas,
+perhaps, their authority was more particularly in evidence; at any rate,
+it was then that the greatest care was taken that the menu should be in
+strict accordance with their instructions. "What shall Santa Claus bring
+you this time, my darlings?" Mr. Anderson asked, a week or so before the
+great day arrived; and Willie, aged six, at once cried out: "What a fool
+you are, daddy! It is all tosh about old Claus, there's no such person!"
+
+"Wait and see!" Mr. Anderson meekly replied. "You mark my words, he will
+come into your room on Christmas Eve laden with presents."
+
+"I don't believe it!" Willie retorted. "You told us that silly tale last
+year and I never saw any Claus!"
+
+"He came when you were asleep, dearie," Mrs. Anderson ventured to
+remark.
+
+"Well! I'll keep awake this time!" Willie shouted.
+
+"And we'll take the presents first and pinch old Claus afterwards,"
+Violet Evelyn, the second child, joined in.
+
+"And I'll prick his towsers wif pins!" Horace, aged three and a half,
+echoed. "I don't care nothink for old Santa Claus!" and he pulled a long
+nose in the manner his doting father had taught him.
+
+Christmas Eve came at last--a typical old-fashioned Christmas with heaps
+of snow on the ground and frost on the window-panes and trees. The
+Andersons' house was warm and comfortable--for once in a way the windows
+were shut--and enormous fires blazed merrily away in the grates. Whilst
+the children spent most of the day viewing the good things in the larder
+and speculating how much they could eat of each, and which would taste
+the nicest, Mr. Anderson rehearsed in full costume the role of Santa
+Claus. He had an enormous sack full of presents--everything the children
+had demanded--and he meant to enter their room with it on his shoulder
+at about twelve o'clock.
+
+Tea-time came, and during the interval between that meal and supper all
+hands--even Horace's--were at work, decorating the hall and staircases
+with holly and mistletoe. After supper "Good King Wencelas," "Noel," and
+one or two other carols were sung, and the children then decided to go
+to bed.
+
+It was then ten o'clock; and exactly two hours later their father,
+elaborately clad as Santa Claus, and staggering, in the orthodox
+fashion, beneath a load of presents, shuffled softly down the passage
+leading to their room. The snow had ceased falling, the moon was out,
+and the passage flooded with a soft, phosphorescent glow that threw into
+strong relief every minute object. Mr. Anderson had got half-way along
+it when on his ears there suddenly fell a faint sound of yelping! His
+whole frame thrilled and his mind reverted to the scenes of his
+youth--to the prairies in the far-off West, where, over and over again,
+he had heard these sounds, and his faithful Winchester repeater had
+stood him in good service. Again the yelping--this time nearer. Yes! it
+was undoubtedly a wolf; and yet there was an intonation in that yelping
+not altogether wolfish--something Mr. Anderson had never heard before,
+and which he was consequently at a loss to define. Again it rang
+out--much nearer this time--much more trying to the nerves, and the cold
+sweat of fear burst out all over him. Again--close under the wall of the
+house--a moaning, snarling, drawn-out cry that ended in a whine so
+piercing that Mr. Anderson's knees shook. One of the children, Violet
+Evelyn he thought, stirred in her bed and muttered: "Santa Claus! Santa
+Claus!" and Mr. Anderson, with a desperate effort, staggered on under
+his load and opened their door. The clock in the hall beneath began to
+strike twelve. Santa Claus, striving hard to appear jolly and genial,
+entered the room, and a huge grey, shadowy figure entered with him. A
+slipper thrown by Willie whizzed through the air, and, narrowly missing
+Santa Claus, fell to the ground with a clatter. There was then a deathly
+silence, and Violet and Horace, raising their heads, saw two strange
+figures standing in the centre of the room staring at one another--the
+one figure they at once identified by the costume. He was Santa
+Claus--but not the genial, rosy-cheeked Santa Claus their father had
+depicted. On the contrary, it was a Santa Claus with a very white face
+and frightened eyes--a Santa Claus that shook as if the snow and ice had
+given him the ague. But the other figure--what was it? Something very
+tall, far taller than their father, nude and grey, something like a man
+with the head of a wolf--a wolf with white pointed teeth and horrid,
+light eyes. Then they understood why it was that Santa Claus trembled;
+and Willie stood by the side of his bed, white and silent. It is
+impossible to say how long this state of things would have lasted, or
+what would eventually have happened, had not Mrs. Anderson, anxious to
+see how Santa Claus was faring, and rather wondering why he was gone so
+long, resolved herself to visit the children's room. As the light from
+her candle appeared on the threshold of the room the thing with the
+wolf's head vanished.
+
+"Why, whatever were you all doing?" she began. Then Santa Claus and the
+children all spoke at once--whilst the sack of presents tumbled unheeded
+on the floor. Every available candle was soon lighted, and mother and
+father and Willie, Violet and Horace all spent the remainder of that
+night in close company. On the following day it was proposed, and
+carried unanimously, that the house should be put up for sale. This was
+done at the earliest opportunity, and fortunately for the Andersons
+suitable tenants were soon found. Before leaving, however, Mr. Anderson
+made another and more exhaustive search of the grounds, and discovered,
+in a cave in the hills immediately behind the house, a number of bones.
+Amongst them was the skull of a wolf, and lying close beside it a human
+skeleton, with only the skull missing. Mr. Anderson burnt the bones,
+hoping that by so doing he would rid the house of its unwelcome visitor;
+and, as his tenants so far have not complained, he believes that the
+hauntings have actually ceased.
+
+A lady whom I met at Tavistock some years ago told me that she had seen
+a phantasm, which she believed to be that of a werwolf, in the Valley of
+the Doones, Exmoor. She was walking home alone, late one evening, when
+she saw on the path directly in front of her the tall grey figure of a
+man with a wolf's head. Advancing stealthily forward, this creature was
+preparing to spring on a large rabbit that was crouching on the ground,
+apparently too terror-stricken to move, when the abrupt appearance of a
+stag bursting through the bushes in a wild state of stampede caused it
+to vanish. Prior to this occurrence, my informant had never seen a
+ghost, nor had she, indeed, believed in them; but now, she assures me,
+she is quite convinced as to their existence, and is of the opinion that
+the sub-human phenomenon she had witnessed was the spirit of one of
+those werwolves referred to by Gervase of Tilbury and Richard
+Verstegan--werwolves who were still earthbound owing to their
+incorrigible ferocity.
+
+This opinion I can readily endorse, adding only that, considering the
+number of werwolves there must once have been in England, it is a matter
+of some surprise to me that phantasms are not more frequently seen.
+
+Here is another account of this type of haunting narrated to me some
+summers ago by a Mr. Warren, who at the time he saw the phenomenon was
+staying in the Hebrides, which part of the British Isles is probably
+richer than any other in spooks of all sorts.
+
+"I was about fifteen years of age at the time," Mr. Warren said, "and
+had for several years been residing with my grandfather, who was an
+elder in the Kirk of Scotland. He was much interested in geology, and
+literally filled the house with fossils from the pits and caves round
+where we dwelt. One morning he came home in a great state of excitement,
+and made me go with him to look at some ancient remains he had found at
+the bottom of a dried-up tarn. 'Look!' he cried, bending down and
+pointing at them, 'here is a human skeleton with a wolf's head. What do
+you make of it?' I told him I did not know, but supposed it must be some
+kind of monstrosity. 'It's a werwolf!' he rejoined, 'that's what it is.
+A werwolf! This island was once overrun with satyrs and werwolves! Help
+me carry it to the house.' I did as he bid me, and we placed it on the
+table in the back kitchen. That evening I was left alone in the house,
+my grandfather and the other members of the household having gone to the
+kirk. For some time I amused myself reading, and then, fancying I heard
+a noise in the back premises, I went into the kitchen. There was no one
+about, and becoming convinced that it could only have been a rat that
+had disturbed me, I sat on the table alongside the alleged remains of
+the werwolf, and waited to see if the noises would recommence. I was
+thus waiting in a listless sort of way, my back bent, my elbows on my
+knees, looking at the floor and thinking of nothing in particular, when
+there came a loud rat, tat, tat of knuckles on the window-pane. I
+immediately turned in the direction of the noise and encountered, to my
+alarm, a dark face looking in at me. At first dim and indistinct, it
+became more and more complete, until it developed into a very perfectly
+defined head of a wolf terminating in the neck of a human being. Though
+greatly shocked, my first act was to look in every direction for a
+possible reflection--but in vain. There was no light either without or
+within, other than that from the setting sun--nothing that could in any
+way have produced an illusion. I looked at the face and marked each
+feature intently. It was unmistakably a wolf's face, the jaws slightly
+distended; the lips wreathed in a savage snarl; the teeth sharp and
+white; the eyes light green; the ears pointed. The expression of the
+face was diabolically malignant, and as it gazed straight at me my
+horror was as intense as my wonder. This it seemed to notice, for a
+look of savage exultation crept into its eyes, and it raised one hand--a
+slender hand, like that of a woman, though with prodigiously long and
+curved finger-nails--menacingly, as if about to dash in the window-pane.
+Remembering what my grandfather had told me about evil spirits, I
+crossed myself; but as this had no effect, and I really feared the thing
+would get at me, I ran out of the kitchen and shut and locked the door,
+remaining in the hall till the family returned. My grandfather was much
+upset when I told him what had happened, and attributed my failure to
+make the spirit depart to my want of faith. Had he been there, he
+assured me, he would soon have got rid of it; but he nevertheless made
+me help him remove the bones from the kitchen, and we reinterred them in
+the very spot where we had found them, and where, for aught I know to
+the contrary, they still lie."
+
+The peasant class in all parts of the British Isles are so sensitive to
+ridicule, and so suspicious of being "got at," that it is very difficult
+to extract any information from them with regard to the superphysical.
+At first they invariably deny their belief in spirits, and it is only by
+dint of the utmost persuasion unaccompanied by any air of
+patronage--which the Celtic peasant detests--that one is finally able to
+loosen their tongues as to uncanny occurrences, hauntings, and rumours
+of hauntings, in their neighbourhood. In eliciting information of this
+nature, I have, I think, by reason of my tactful manner, often succeeded
+where others have failed.
+
+In a village at the foot of Ben MacDhui a shepherd of the name of Colin
+Graeme informed me that he remembered hearing his grandfather, who died
+at the age of ninety, speak of an old man called Tam McPherson whom
+he--the grandfather--had known intimately as a boy. This old man, so
+Colin's grandfather said, had perfect recollections of a man in the
+village called Saunderson being suspected of being a werwolf. He used to
+describe Saunderson as "a mon with evil, leerie eyes, and eyebrows that
+met in a point over his nose"; and went on to say that Saunderson lived
+in a cave in the mountains where his forefathers, also suspected of
+being werwolves, had lived before him, and that when on
+his--Saunderson's--death this cave was visited by some of the villagers,
+a quantity of queer bones--some human and some belonging to wolves--were
+discovered lying in corners, partially covered with stones and loose
+earth.
+
+I have heard similar stories in Wales, and have been conducted to one or
+two spots, one near Iremadac and the other on the Epynt Hills, where,
+local tradition still has it, werwolves once flourished.
+
+According to legend St. Patrick turned Vereticus, a Welsh king, into a
+wolf, whilst the werwolf daughter of a Welsh prince was said to have
+destroyed her father's enemies during her nocturnal metamorphoses. In
+Ireland, too, are many legends of werwolves; and it is said of at least
+some half-dozen of the old families that at some period--as the result
+of a curse--each member of the clan was doomed to be a wolf for seven
+years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN FRANCE
+
+
+In no country has the werwolf flourished as in France, where it is known
+as the _loup garou_; where it has existed in all parts, in every age,
+and where it is even yet to be found in the more remote districts. Hence
+one could fill a dozen volumes with the stories, many of them well
+authenticated, of French werwolves. As far back as the sixth century we
+hear of them infesting the woods and valleys of Brittany and Burgundy,
+the Landes, and the mountainous regions of the Cote d'Or and the
+Cevennes.
+
+Occasionally a werwolf would break into a convent and make its meal off
+the defenceless nuns; occasionally it would select for its repast some
+nice fat abbot waddling unsuspectingly home to his monastery.
+
+Not all these werwolves were evilly disposed people; many, on the
+contrary, were exceedingly virtuous, and owed their metamorphosis to
+the vengeance of witch or wizard. When this was the case their piety
+sometimes prevailed to such an extent that not even metamorphosis into
+wolfish form could render it ineffective; and there are instances where
+werwolves of this type have not only refrained from taking human life,
+but have actually gone out of their way to protect it. Of such
+instances, well authenticated, probably none would be more remarkable
+than those I am about to narrate.
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE ABBOT GILBERT, OF THE ARC MONASTERY, ON THE BANKS OF THE
+LOIRE
+
+Gilbert had been to a village fair, where the good vintage and hot sun
+combined had proved so trying that on his way home, through a dense and
+lonely forest, he had gone to sleep and been thrown from his horse. In
+falling he had bruised and cut himself so prodigiously that the blood
+from his wounds attracted to the spot a number of big wild cats. Taken
+at a strong disadvantage, and without any weapons to defend himself,
+Gilbert would soon have fallen a victim to the ferocity of these savage
+creatures had it not been for the opportune arrival of a werwolf. A
+desperate battle at once ensued, in which the werwolf eventually gained
+the victory, though not without being severely lacerated.
+
+Despite Gilbert's protestations, for he was loath to be seen in such
+strange company, the werwolf accompanied him back to the monastery,
+where, upon hearing the Abbot's story, it was enthusiastically welcomed
+and its wounds attended to. At dawn it was restored to its natural
+shape, and the monks, one and all, were startled out of their senses to
+find themselves in the presence of a stern and awesome dignitary of the
+Church, who immediately began to lecture the Abbot for his unseemly
+conduct the previous day, ordering him to undergo such penance as
+eventually, robbing him of half his size and all his self-importance,
+led to his resignation.
+
+
+THE CASE OF ROLAND BERTIN
+
+Andre Bonivon, the hero of the other incident, was eminently a man of
+war. He commanded a schooner called the "Bonaventure," which was engaged
+in harassing the Huguenot settlements along the shores of the Gulf of
+Lions, during the reign of Louis XIV. On one of his marauding
+expeditions Bonivon sailed up an estuary of the Rhone rather further
+than he had intended, and having no pilot on board, ran ashore in the
+darkness. A thunderstorm came on; a general panic ensued; and Bonivon
+soon found himself struggling in a whirlpool. Powerful swimmer though he
+was, he would most certainly have been drowned had not some one come to
+his assistance, and, freeing him from the heavy clothes which weighed
+him down, dragged him on dry land. The moment Bonivon got on _terra
+firma_, sailor-like, he extended his hand to grip that of his rescuer,
+when, to his dismay and terror, instead of a hand he grasped a huge
+hairy paw.
+
+Convinced that he was in the presence of the Devil, who doubtless highly
+approved of the thousand and one atrocities he had perpetrated on the
+helpless Huguenots, he threw himself on his knees and implored the
+forgiveness of Heaven.
+
+His rescuer waited awhile in grim silence, and then, lifting him gently
+to his feet, led him some considerable distance inland till they arrived
+at a house on the outskirts of a small town.
+
+Here Bonivon's conductor halted, and, opening the door, signed to the
+captain to enter. All within was dark and silent, and the air was
+tainted with a sickly, pungent odour that filled Bonivon with the
+gravest apprehensions. Dragging him along, Bonivon's guide took him into
+a room, and leaving him there for some seconds, reappeared carrying a
+lantern. Bonivon now saw for the first time the face of his
+conductor--it was that of a werwolf. With a shriek of terror Bonivon
+turned to run, but, catching his foot on a mat, fell sprawling on the
+floor.
+
+Here he remained sobbing and shaking with fear till he was once more
+taken by the werwolf and set gently on his feet.
+
+To Bonivon's surprise a tray full of eatables was standing on the table,
+and the werwolf, motioning to him to sit down, signed to him to eat.
+
+Being ravenously hungry, Bonivon "fell to," and, despite his fears--for
+being by nature alive to, and, by reason of his calling, forced to guard
+against the treachery of his fellow creatures, he more than half
+suspected some subtle design underlying this act of kindness--demolished
+every particle of food. The meal thus concluded, Bonivon's benefactor
+retired, locking the door after him.
+
+No sooner had the sound of his steps in the stone hall ceased than
+Bonivon ran to the window, hoping thereby to make his escape. But the
+iron bars were too firmly fixed--no matter how hard he pulled, tugged
+and wrenched, they remained as immovable as ever. Then his heart began
+to palpitate, his hair to bristle up, and his knees to totter; his
+thoughts were full of speculations as to how he would be killed and what
+it would feel like to be eaten alive. His conscience, too, rising up in
+judgment against him, added its own paroxysms of dismay, paroxysms which
+were still further augmented by the finding of the dead body of a woman,
+nude and horribly mutilated, lying doubled up and partly concealed by a
+curtain. Such a discovery could not fail to fill his heart with
+unspeakable horror; for he concluded that he himself, unless saved by a
+miracle--a favour he could hardly hope for, considering his past
+conduct--would undergo the same fate before morning. At a loss to know
+what else to do, he sat upon the corner of the table, resting his chin
+on the palms of his hands, and engaged in anticipations of the most
+frightful nature.
+
+Shortly after dawn he heard the sound of footsteps approaching the room;
+the door slowly began to open: a little wider and a little wider, and
+then, when Bonivon's heart was on the point of bursting, it suddenly
+swung open wide, and the cold, grey dawn falling on the threshold
+revealed not a werwolf, but--a human being: a man in the unmistakable
+garb of a Huguenot minister!
+
+The reaction was so great that Bonivon rolled off the table and went
+into paroxysms of ungovernable laughter.
+
+At length, when he had sobered down, the Huguenot, laying a hand on his
+shoulder, said: "Do you know now where you are? Do you recognize this
+room? No! Well, I will explain. You are in the house of Roland Bertin,
+and the body lying over yonder is that of my wife, whom your crew
+barbarously murdered yesterday when they sacked this village. They took
+me with them, and it was your intention to have me tortured and then
+drowned as soon as you got to sea. Do you know me now?"
+
+Bonivon nodded--he could not have spoken to save his life.
+
+"Bien!" the minister went on. "I am a werwolf--I was bewitched some
+years ago by the woman Grenier, Mere Grenier, who lives in the forest at
+the back of our village. As soon as it was dark I metamorphosed; then
+the ship ran ashore, and every one leaped overboard. I saw you drowning.
+I saved you."
+
+The captain again made a fruitless effort to speak, and the Huguenot
+continued:--
+
+"Why did I save you?--you, who had been instrumental in murdering my
+wife and ruining my home! Why? I do not know! Had I preferred for you a
+less pleasant death than drowning, I could have taken you ashore and
+killed you. Yet--I did not, because it is not in my nature to destroy
+anything. I have never in my life killed an animal, nor, to my
+knowledge, an insect; I love all life--animal life and vegetable
+life--everything that breathes and grows. Yet I am a Huguenot!--one of
+the race you hate and despise and are paid to exterminate. Assassin, I
+have spared you. Be not ungenerous. Spare others."
+
+The captain was moved. Still speechless, he seized the minister's hands
+and wrung them. And from that hour to the day of his death--which was
+not for many years afterwards--the Huguenots had no truer friend than
+Andre Bonivon.
+
+
+WERWOLVES AND WITCHES
+
+Other instances of werwolves of a benignant nature are to be found in
+the "Bisclaveret" in Marie de France's poem, composed in 1200 A.D.; and
+in the hero of "William and the Werwolf" (translated from the French
+about 1350).
+
+To inflict the evil property of werwolfery upon those against whom
+they--or some other--bore a grudge was, in the Middle Ages, a method of
+revenge frequently resorted to by witches; and countless knights and
+ladies were thus victimized. Nor were such practices confined to ancient
+times; for as late as the eighteenth century a case of this kind of
+witchcraft is reported to have happened in the vicinity of Blois.
+
+In a village some three miles from Blois, on the outskirts of a forest,
+dwelt an innkeeper called Antonio Cellini, who, as the name suggests,
+was of Italian origin. Antonio had only one child, Beatrice, a very
+pretty girl, who at the time of this story was about nineteen years of
+age. As might be expected, Beatrice had many admirers; but none were so
+passionately attached to her as Herbert Poyer, a handsome youth, and one
+Henri Sangfeu, an extremely plain youth. Beatrice--and one can scarcely
+blame her for it--preferred Herbert, and with the whole-hearted approval
+of her father consented to marry him. Sangfeu was not unnaturally upset;
+but, in all probability, he would have eventually resigned himself to
+the inevitable, had it not been for a village wag, who in an idle moment
+wrote a poem and entitled it
+
+     "_Sansfeu the Ugly; or, Love Unrequited._"
+
+The poem, which was illustrated with several clever caricatures of the
+unfortunate Henri and contained much caustic wit, took like wildfire in
+the village; and Henri, in consequence, had a very bad time. Eventually
+it was shown to Beatrice, and it was then that the climax was reached.
+Although Henri was present at the moment, unable to restrain herself,
+she went into peals of laughter at the drawings, saying over and over
+again: "How like him--how very like! His nose to a nicety! It is
+certainly correct to style him Sansfeu--for no one could call him
+Sansnez!"
+
+Her mirth was infectious; every one joined in; only Henri slunk away,
+crimson with rage and mortification. He hated Beatrice now as much as he
+had loved her before; and he thirsted only for revenge.
+
+Some distance from the village and in the heart of the forest lived an
+old woman known as Mere Maxim, who was said to be a witch, and,
+therefore, shunned by every one. All sorts of unsavoury stories were
+told of her, and she was held responsible for several outbreaks of
+epidemics--hitherto unknown in the neighbourhood--many accidents, and
+more than one death.
+
+The spot where she lived was carefully avoided. Those who ventured far
+in the forest after nightfall either never came back at all or returned
+half imbecile with terror, and afterwards poured out to their affrighted
+friends incoherent stories of the strange lights and terrible forms they
+had encountered, moving about amid the trees. Up to the present Henri
+had been just as scared by these tales as the rest of the villagers; but
+so intense was his longing for revenge that he at length resolved to
+visit Mere Maxim and solicit her assistance. Choosing a morning when the
+sun was shining brightly, he screwed up his courage, and after many bad
+scares finally succeeded in reaching her dwelling--or, I might say, her
+shanty, for by a more appropriate term than the latter such a
+queer-looking untidy habitation could not be described. To his
+astonishment Mere Maxim was by no means so unprepossessing as he had
+imagined. On the contrary, she was more than passably good-looking, with
+black hair, rosy cheeks, and exceedingly white teeth. What he did not
+altogether like were her eyes--which, though large and well shaped, had
+in them an occasional glitter--and her hands, which, though remarkably
+white and slender, had very long and curved nails, that to his mind
+suggested all sorts of unpleasant ideas. She was becomingly dressed in
+brown--brown woolly garments, with a brown fur cap, brown stockings, and
+brown shoes ornamented with very bright silver buckles. Altogether she
+was decidedly chic; and if a little incongruous in her surroundings,
+such incongruity only made her the more alluring; and as far as Henri
+was concerned rather added to her charms.
+
+At all events, he needed no second invitation to seat himself by her
+side in the chimney-corner, and his heart thumped as it had never
+thumped before when she encouraged him to put his arm round her waist
+and kiss her. It was the first time a woman had ever suffered him to
+kiss her without violent protestations and avowals of disgust.
+
+"You are not very handsome, it is true," Mere Maxim remarked, "but you
+are fat--and I like fat young men," and she pinched his cheeks playfully
+and patted his hands. "Are you sure no one knows you have come to see
+me?" she asked.
+
+"Certain!" Henri replied; "I haven't confided in a soul; I haven't even
+so much as dropped a hint that I intended seeing you."
+
+"That is good!" Mere Maxim said. "Tell no one, otherwise I shall not be
+able to help you. Also, on no account let the girl Beatrice think you
+bear her animosity. Be civil and friendly to her whenever you meet; then
+give her, as a wedding present, this belt and box of bonbons." So
+saying, she handed him a beautiful belt composed of the skin of some
+wild animal and fastened with a gold buckle, and a box of delicious pink
+and white sugarplums. "Do not give her these things till the marriage
+eve," she added, "and directly you have given them come and see
+me--always observing the greatest secrecy." She then kissed him, and he
+went away brimming over with passion for her, and longing feverishly for
+the hour to arrive when he could be with her again.
+
+All day and all night he thought of her--of her gay and sparkling
+beauty, of her kisses and caresses, and the delightful coolness of her
+thin and supple hands. His mad infatuation for her made him oblivious
+to the taunts and jeers of the villagers, who seldom saw him without
+making ribald allusion to the poem.
+
+"There goes Sansfeu! alias Monsieur Grosnez!" they called out. "Why
+don't you cut off your nose for a present to mademoiselle? She would
+then have no need to buy a kitchen poker. Ha! ha! ha!" But their coarse
+wit fell flat. Henri hardly heard it--all his thoughts, his burning
+love, his unquenchable passion, were centred in Mere Maxim: in spirit he
+was with her, alone with her, in the innermost recesses of the grim,
+silent forest.
+
+The marriage eve came; he handed Beatrice the presents, and ere she had
+time to thank him--for the magnificence of the belt rendered her
+momentarily speechless--he had flown from the house, and was hurrying as
+fast as his legs could carry him to his tryst. The shadows of night were
+already on the forest when he entered it; and the silence and solitude
+of the place, the indistinct images of the trees, and their dismal
+sighing, that seemed to foretell a storm, all combined to disturb his
+fancy and raise strange spectres in his imagination. The shrill hooting
+of an owl, as it rustled overhead, caused him an unprecedented shock,
+and the great rush of blood to his head made him stagger and clutch
+hold of the nearest object for support. He had barely recovered from
+this alarm when his eyes almost started out of their sockets with fright
+as he caught sight of a queer shape gliding silently from tree to tree;
+and shortly afterwards he was again terrified--this time by a pale face,
+whether of a human being or animal he could not say, peering down at him
+from the gnarled and fantastic branches of a gigantic oak. He was now so
+frightened that he ran, and queer--indefinably queer footsteps ran after
+him, and followed him persistently until he reached the shanty, when he
+heard them turn and leap lightly away.
+
+On this occasion, the occurrence of Henri's second visit, Mere Maxim was
+more captivating than ever. She was dressed with wonderful effect all in
+white. She wore sparkling jewels at her throat and waist, buckles of
+burnished gold on her shoes; her teeth flashed like polished ivory, and
+her nails like agates. Henri was enraptured. He fell on his knees before
+her, he caught her hands and covered them with kisses.
+
+"How nice you look to-day, my sweetheart," she said; "and how fat! It
+does my heart good to see you. Come in, and sit close to me, and tell me
+how you have fared."
+
+She led him in, and after locking and barring the door, conducted him
+to the chimney-corner. And there he lay in her arms. She fondled him;
+she pressed her lips on his, and gleefully felt his cheeks and arms. And
+after a time, when, intoxicated with the joy of it all, he lay still and
+quiet, wishing only to remain like that for eternity, she stooped down,
+and, fetching a knot of cord from under the seat, began laughingly to
+bind his hands and feet. And at each turn and twist of the rope she
+laughed the louder. And when she had finished binding his arms and legs
+she made him lie on his back, and lashed him so tightly to the seat
+that, had he possessed the strength of six men, he could not have freed
+himself.
+
+Then she sat beside him, and moving aside the clothes that covered his
+chest and throat, said:--
+
+"By this time Beatrice--pretty Beatrice, vain and sensual Beatrice, the
+Beatrice you once loved and admired so much--will have worn the belt,
+will have eaten the sweets. She is now a werwolf. Every night at twelve
+o'clock she will creep out of bed and glide about the house and village
+in search of human prey, some bonny babe, or weak, defenceless woman,
+but always some one fat, tender, and juicy--some one like you." And
+bending low over him, she bared her teeth, and dug her cruel nails deep
+into his flesh. A flame from the wood fire suddenly shot up. It
+flickered oddly on the figure of Mere Maxim--so oddly that Henri
+received a shock. He realized with an awful thrill that the face into
+which he peered was no longer that of a human being; it was--but he
+could no longer think--he could only gaze.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+WERWOLVES AND VAMPIRES AND GHOULS
+
+
+Throughout the Middle Ages, and even in the seventeenth century, trials
+for lycanthropy were of common occurrence in France. Among the most
+famous were those of the Grandillon family in the Jura, in 1598; that of
+the tailor of Chalons; of Roulet, in Angers; of Gilles Garnier, in Dole,
+in 1573; and of Jean Garnier, at Bordeaux, in 1603. The last case was,
+perhaps, the most remarkable of all. Garnier, who was only fourteen
+years of age, was employed in looking after cattle. He was a handsome
+lad, with dark, flashing eyes and very white teeth. As soon as it was
+time for the metamorphosis to take place he used to go into some lonely
+spot, and then, in the guise of a wolf, return, and run to earth
+isolated women and children. One of his favourite haunts was a thicket
+close to a pool of water. Here he used to lie and watch for hours at a
+time. Once he surprised two girls bathing. One escaped, and fled home
+naked, but the other he flung on the ground, and having shaken her into
+submission, devoured a portion of her one day, and the rest of her the
+next. He confessed to having eaten over fifty children. Nor did he
+always confine himself to attacking the solitary few and defenceless;
+for on several occasions, when hard pressed by hunger, he assailed a
+whole crowd, and was once severely handled by a pack of young girls who
+successfully drove him off with sharply pointed stakes. Far from wishing
+to conceal his guilt, Jean Garnier was most eager to tell everything,
+and to a court thronged with eager, attentive people, he related in the
+most graphic manner possible his sanguinary experiences. One old woman,
+he said, whom he found alone in a cottage, showed extraordinary agility
+in trying to escape. She raced round tables, clambered over chairs,
+crawled under a bed, and finally hid in a cupboard and held the door so
+fast that he had to exert all his force to open it. "And then," he
+added, "in spite of all my trouble she proved to be as tough as
+leather----" and he made a grimace that provoked much laughter.
+
+He complained bitterly of one child. "It made such a dreadful noise,"
+he said, "when I lifted it out of its crib, and when I got ready for my
+first bite it shrieked so loud it almost deafened me."
+
+The name Grenier, like that of Garnier, was closely associated with
+lycanthropy, and in Blois, where there were more instances of
+lycanthropy than in any other part of France, every one called Grenier
+or Garnier was set down as a werwolf.
+
+Amongst the Vaudois lycanthropy was also widely prevalent, and many of
+these werwolves were brought to trial and executed.
+
+
+THE CASE OF SERGEANT BERTRAND
+
+The case of Sergeant Bertrand, which is the last authenticated case of
+this kind, occurred in 1847, when, on the 10th of July, an investigation
+was held before a military council presided over by Colonel Manselon.
+For some months the cemeteries in and around Paris had been the scenes
+of frightful violations, the culprits (or culprit), in some
+extraordinary manner, eluding every attempt made to ensnare them. At one
+time the custodians of the cemeteries were suspected, then the local
+police, and for a brief space suspicion fell even on the relations of
+the dead. The first burial-place to be so mysteriously visited was the
+Cemetery of Pere Lachaise. Here, at night, those in charge declared
+they saw a strange form, partly human and partly animal, glide about
+from tomb to tomb. Try how they would they could not catch it--it always
+vanished--vanished just like a phantom directly they came up to it; and
+the dogs when urged to seize it would only bark and howl, and show
+indications of the most abject terror.
+
+Always when morning broke the ravages of this unsavoury visitant were
+only too plainly visible--graves had been dug up, coffins burst open,
+and the contents nibbled, and gnawed, and scattered all over the ground.
+Expert medical opinion was sought, but with no fresh result. The
+doctors, too, were agreed that the mutilations of the dead were produced
+by the bites of what certainly seemed to be human teeth.
+
+The sensation caused by this announcement was without parallel; and one
+and all, old and young, rich and poor, were wanting to know whatever
+sort of being it could be that possessed so foul an appetite. The watch
+was doubled; all to no purpose. A young soldier was arrested, but on
+declaring he had merely entered the cemetery to meet a friend, and
+exhibiting no evidences of guilt, was let go.
+
+At length the violation ceased in Pere Lachaise and broke out elsewhere.
+A little girl, greatly beloved by her relatives and friends, died, and
+a big concourse of people attended the funeral. On the following
+morning, to the intense indignation of every one, the grave was
+discovered dug up, the coffin forced open, and the body half eaten. In
+its wild fury at such an unheard-of atrocity the public called loudly
+for the culprit. The father of the dead girl was first of all arrested,
+but his innocence being quickly established, he was set free. Every
+means was then taken to guard against any recurrence, but in spite of
+all precautions the same thing happened again shortly afterwards; and
+happened repeatedly. The fact that the cemetery was surrounded by very
+high walls, and that iron gates, which were always kept shut, formed the
+only legitimate entrance, added to the mystery, and made it seem
+impossible that any creature of solid flesh and blood could be
+responsible for the outrages.
+
+Having observed that at one place, in particular, the wall, though
+nearly ten feet high, showed signs of having been frequently scaled, an
+old army officer set a trap there, consisting of a wire connected with
+an explosive, which was so arranged that no one could climb over the
+wall without treading on the wire and causing an explosion.
+
+A strong posse of detectives kept watch, and at midnight a loud report
+was heard. The detectives were not, however, as quick as their quarry.
+They saw a man, or what they took to be a man, and fired at him, but he
+was gone like a flash of lightning, scaling the wall with the agility of
+a monkey. Finding a trail of blood, however, and pieces of torn uniform
+accompanying the bloodstains, they concluded that the enemy was wounded,
+and that the marauder was, moreover, a soldier.
+
+Still, it is doubtful whether his identity would have been proved, had
+not one of the grave-diggers of the cemetery chanced to overhear some
+sappers of the 74th Regiment remark that on the preceding night one of
+their comrades--a sergeant--had been conveyed to the military hospital
+of Val de Grace badly wounded. The matter was at once inquired into, and
+the wounded soldier, Sergeant Bertrand, was found to be the author of
+the long series of hideous violations. Bertrand freely confessed his
+guilt, declaring that he was driven to it against his own will by some
+external force he could not define, and which allowed him no peace. He
+had, he said, in one night exhumed and bitten as many as fifteen bodies.
+He employed no implements, but tore up the soil after the manner of a
+wild beast, paying no heed to the bruising and laceration of his hands
+so long as he could get at the dead. He could not describe what his
+sensations were like when he was thus occupied; he only knew that he
+was not himself but some ravenous, ferocious animal. He added, that
+after these nocturnal expeditions he invariably fell into a profound
+sleep, often before he could get home, and that always, during that
+sleep, he was conscious of undergoing peculiar metamorphosis. When
+interrogated, he informed the court of inquiry that, as a child, he
+preferred the company of all kinds of animals to that of his fellow
+creatures, and that in order to get in close touch with his four-footed
+friends he used to frequent the most solitary and out-of-the-way
+places--moors, woods, and deserts. He said that it was immediately after
+one of these excursions that he first experienced the sensation of
+undergoing some great change in his sleep, and that the following
+evening, when passing close to a cemetery where the grave-diggers were
+covering a body that had just been interred, yielding to a sudden
+impulse, he crept in and watched them. A sharp shower of rain
+interrupting their labours, they went away, leaving their task
+unfinished. "At the sight of the coffin," Bertrand said, "horrible
+desires seized me; my head throbbed, my heart palpitated, and had it not
+been for the timely arrival of friends I should have then and there
+yielded to my inclinations. From that time forth I was never
+free--these terrible cravings invariably came on directly after sunset."
+
+Medical men who examined Bertram unanimously gave it as their opinion
+that he was sane, and could only account for his extraordinary nocturnal
+actions by the supposition that he must be the victim of some strange
+monomania. His companions, with whom he was most popular, all testified
+to his amiability and lovable disposition. In the end he was sentenced
+to a year's imprisonment, and after his release was never again heard
+of. There can, I think, be little doubt, from what he himself said, that
+he was in reality a werwolf. His preference for the society of animals
+and love of isolated regions; his sudden fallings asleep and sensations
+of undergoing metamorphosis, though that metamorphosis was spiritual and
+metaphysical only, which is very often the case, all help to
+substantiate that belief.
+
+
+VAMPIRISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+It has been asserted that Bertrand was a vampire; but there are
+absolutely no grounds for associating him with vampirism. A vampire is
+an Elemental that under certain conditions inhabits a dead body, whether
+human or otherwise; and, thus incarcerated, comes out of a grave at
+night to suck the blood of a living person. It never touches the dead.
+
+A werwolf has already been defined. It has an existence entirely
+separate from the vampire. The werwolf feeds on both the living and
+dead, which it bites and mangles after the nature of all beasts of prey.
+
+Vampirism is infectious; every one who has been sucked by a vampire, on
+physical dissolution, becomes a vampire, and remains one until his
+corpse is destroyed in a certain prescribed manner. Lycanthropy is not
+infectious.
+
+There are many well-authenticated cases of vampirism in France and
+Germany. In a newspaper published in the reign of Louis XV there
+appeared an announcement to the effect that Arnold Paul, a native of
+Madveiga, being crushed to death by a wagon and buried, had since become
+a vampire, and that he had been previously bitten by one. The
+authorities being informed of the terror his visits were occasioning,
+and several people having died with all the symptoms of vampirism, his
+grave was opened; and although he had been dead forty days his body was
+like that of a very full-blooded, living man.
+
+Following the mode of exorcism traditionally observed on such occasions,
+a stake was driven into the corpse, whereupon it uttered a frightful
+cry--half human and half animal; after which its head was cut off, and
+trunk and head burned. Four other bodies which had died from the
+consequences of the bites, and which were found in the same perfectly
+healthy condition, were served in a similar manner; and it was hoped
+these vigorous measures would end the mischief. But no such thing; cases
+of deaths from the same cause--_i.e._, loss of blood--still continued,
+and five years afterwards became so rife that the authorities were
+compelled to take the matter up for the second time. On this occasion
+the graves of many people, of all ages and both sexes, were opened, and
+the bodies of all those suspected of plaguing the living by their
+nocturnal visits were found in the vampire state--full almost to
+overflowing with blood, and free from every symptom of death. On their
+being served in the same manner as the corpse of Arnold Paul the
+epidemic of vampirism ceased, and no more cases of it have since been
+reported as occurring in that district. A rumour of these proceedings
+reaching the ears of Louis XV, he at once ordered his Minister at Vienna
+to report upon them. This was done. The documents forwarded to the King
+(and which are still in existence) give a detailed account of all the
+occurrences to which I have referred. They bear the date of June 7,
+1732, and are signed and witnessed by three surgeons and several other
+persons.
+
+The facts, which are indubitable, point to no other satisfactory
+explanation saving that of vampirism--an explanation that finds ample
+corroboration in thousands of like cases reported, at one time or
+another, in every country in Eastern Europe.
+
+
+GHOULISM AND LYCANTHROPY
+
+Sergeant Bertrand has also been declared a ghoul. Ghoulism bears a
+somewhat closer resemblance than vampirism to lycanthropy. A ghoul is an
+Elemental that visits any place where human or animal remains have been
+interred. It digs them up and bites them, showing a keen liking for
+brains, which it sucks in the same manner as a vampire sucks blood.
+
+Ghouls either remain in spirit form or steal the bodies of living
+beings--living beings only--either human or animal. They can only do
+this when the spirit of the living person, during sleep (either natural
+or induced hypnotically), is separated from the material body; or, in
+other words, when the spirit is projected. The ghoul then pounces on the
+physical body, and, often refusing to restore it to its rightful owner,
+the latter is compelled to roam about as a phantasm for just so long a
+time as the ghoul chooses to inhabit the body it has stolen.
+
+
+THE CASE OF CONSTANCE ARMANDE, GHOUL
+
+_A propos_ of ghouls, the following incident was related to me as having
+occurred recently in Brittany. A young girl named Constance Armande, in
+a good station of life, much against the wishes of her family, took up
+spiritualism and constantly attended seances. At these seances she
+witnessed all sorts of phenomena--some in all probability produced by
+mere trickery on the part of the medium or a confederate, whilst
+others were, without doubt, the manifestations of _bona fide_
+spirits--earthbound phantasms of the lowest and most undesirable
+order--murderers, lunatics, Vice Elementals, and ghouls. It is most
+unwise to risk coming in contact with such spirits, for when they have
+once made your acquaintance they will attach themselves to you, and are
+got rid of only with the greatest difficulty. They were most unremitting
+in their persecution of Constance Armande; they followed her home, and
+were always rapping on the walls of her room and disturbing and annoying
+her. In short, she got no peace, either asleep or awake. In the night
+she would often wake up screaming, and in an agony of mind rush into her
+parents' room and implore their protection, declaring she had dreamed in
+the most vivid manner possible that frightful-looking creatures, too
+awful for her to describe, were trying to prevent her awaking in order
+to keep her with them always. She told a spiritualist, and he informed
+her that such dreams were not in reality dreams at all, but
+projections--that she had, at seances, acquired the power of projection;
+and, having no control over that power, she projected herself
+unconsciously, the projection almost always taking place in her sleep.
+
+A medical expert was also consulted, and in accordance with his advice
+Constance Armande went to the seaside and resorted to every kind of
+pleasure--balls, concerts, and theatres. But the annoyances still
+continued, and she was seldom permitted to rest a whole night without
+being disturbed in a most harrowing manner.
+
+Being a really beautiful girl, she had countless admirers, and
+eventually she became engaged to Alphonse Mabane, the only son of a very
+wealthy widow.
+
+Shortly before the day fixed for their marriage Madame Mabane was seized
+with a fit of apoplexy and died. Every one, especially Constance
+Armande, was overwhelmed with grief, whilst preparations were made for a
+most impressive funeral.
+
+On the afternoon of the day preceding that on which the funeral was to
+take place Constance, complaining of a bad headache, went to lie down
+on her bed, and two hours later strange footsteps were heard coming out
+of her room and bounding down the stairs. Wondering who it could be,
+Madame Armande ran to look, and was astonished beyond measure to see
+Constance--but a Constance she hardly knew--a Constance with the glitter
+of a ferocious beast in her eyes, and a grim, savage expression in the
+corners of her mouth. She did not appear to notice her mother, but
+passed her by with a light, stealthy tread, utterly unlike her usual
+walk, crossed the hall, and went out at the front door. Madame Armande
+was too startled to try and intercept her, or even to make any remark,
+and returned to the drawing-room greatly agitated. As hour after hour
+passed and Constance did not come home, her alarm increased, and she
+mentioned the incident to her husband, who caused immediate inquiries to
+be made. Just about the hour the family usually retired to rest there
+came a violent ring at the front-door bell. It was Alphonse Mabane, pale
+and ghastly.
+
+"Have you found her?" Monsieur and Madame Armande cried, catching hold
+of him in their agitation, and dragging him into the hall.
+
+Alphonse nodded. "Let me sit down a moment first," he gasped. "It will
+give me time to collect my senses. My nerves are all to pieces!"
+
+He sank into a chair, and, burying his face in his hands, shook
+convulsively. Monsieur and Madame Armande stood and watched him in
+agonized silence. After some minutes--to the Armandes it seemed an
+eternity--spent in this fashion, Alphonse raised his head. "Your
+servant," he said, "came to my house at nine o'clock and asked if
+Mademoiselle Constance was with me. I said 'No,' that I had not seen her
+all day, and was much alarmed when I was informed that she had left home
+early in the afternoon and had not yet returned. I said I would join in
+the search for her, and was in my bedroom putting on my overcoat, when
+there came a tap at my door, and Jacques, my valet, with a face as white
+as a sheet, begged me to go with him upstairs. He led me to the door of
+my mother's room, where she lay in her coffin, not yet screwed down.
+'Hark!' he whispered, touching me on the sleeve, 'do you hear that?'
+
+"I listened, and from the interior of the room came a curious noise like
+munching--a steady gnaw, gnaw, gnaw. 'I heard it just now,' he
+whispered, 'when I was going to shut the landing window--and other
+sounds, too. Hush!'
+
+"I held my breath, and heard distinctly the swishing and rustling of a
+dress.
+
+"'Have you been in?' I asked.
+
+"He shook his head. 'I daren't,' he whispered. 'I wouldn't go in by
+myself if you were to offer me a million pounds,' and he trembled so
+violently that he had to lean against me for support.
+
+"A great terror then seized me, and bidding Jacques follow, I crept
+downstairs and summoned the rest of the servants. Armed with sticks and
+lights, we then went in a body to my mother's room, and throwing open
+the door, rushed in.
+
+"The lid of the coffin was off, the corpse was lying huddled up on the
+floor, and crouching over it was Constance. For God's sake don't ask me
+to describe more--the sounds we heard explained everything. When she saw
+us she emitted a series of savage snarls, sprang at one of the maids,
+scratched her in the face, and before we could stop her, flew downstairs
+and out into the street. As soon as our shocked senses had sufficiently
+recovered we started off in pursuit, but have not been able to find the
+slightest trace of her."
+
+At the conclusion of Monsieur Mabane's story the search was continued.
+The police were summoned, and a general hue and cry raised, with the
+result that Constance was eventually found in a cemetery digging
+frantically at a newly made grave.
+
+At last brought to bay in the chase that ensued, fortunately for her
+and for all concerned, she plunged into a river, was swept away by the
+current, and drowned.
+
+This case of Constance Armande seems to me to be clearly a case of
+ghoulism. What the spiritualist had told her was correct--she had
+projected herself unconsciously, and the hideous things she imagined
+were phantoms in a dream were Elementals--ghouls--her projected spirit
+encountered on the superphysical plane.
+
+After sundry efforts to steal her body when she was thus separated from
+it, one of them had at length succeeded, and, incarcerated in her
+beautiful frame, had hastened to satisfy its craving for human carrion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+WERWOLVES IN GERMANY
+
+
+No country in the world is richer in stories of everything appertaining
+to the supernatural than Germany. The Rhine is the favourite river of
+nymphs and sirens, to whose irresistible and fatal fascinations so many
+men have fallen victims. Along its shores are countless haunted castles,
+in its woods innumerable terrifying phantoms.
+
+The werwolf, however, seems to have confined itself almost entirely to
+the Harz Mountains, where it was formerly most common and more dreaded
+than any other visitant from the Unknown. But of these werwolves many of
+the best authenticated cases have been told so often, that it is
+difficult for me to alight on any that is not already well known.
+Perhaps the following, though as striking as any, may be new to at least
+a few of my readers.
+
+
+THE CASE OF HERR HELLEN AND THE WERWOLVES OF THE HARZ MOUNTAINS
+
+Two gentlemen, named respectively Hellen and Schiller, were on a walking
+tour in the Harz Mountains, in the early summer of the year 1840, when
+Schiller, slipping down, sprained his ankle and was unable to go on.
+They were some miles from any village, in the centre of an extensive
+forest, and it was beginning to get dark.
+
+"Leave me here," cried the injured man to his friend, "while you see if
+you can discover any habitation. I have been told these woods are full
+of charcoal-burners' and wood-cutters' huts, so that if you walk
+straight ahead for a mile or two, you are very likely to come across
+one. Do go, there's a good fellow, and if you are too tired to return
+yourself, send some one to carry me."
+
+Hellen did not like leaving his comrade in such a dreary spot, alone and
+helpless, but as Schiller was persistent he at length yielded, and
+stepping briskly out, advanced along the track that had brought them
+hither. Once or twice he halted, fancying he heard voices, and several
+times his heart pulsated wildly at what he took to be the cry of a
+wolf--for neither Schiller nor he had no weapons excepting
+sheath-knives. At last he came to an open spot hedged in on all sides
+by gloomy pines, the shadows from which were beginning to fall thick and
+fast athwart the vivid greensward. It was one of those places--they are
+to be found in pretty nearly every country--studiously avoided by local
+woodsmen as the haunt of all manner of evil influences. Hellen
+recognized it as such the moment he saw it, but as it lay right across
+his path, and time was pressing, he had no alternative but to keep
+boldly on. He was half-way across the spot when he was startled by a
+groan, and looking in the direction of the sound, he saw a man seated on
+the ground endeavouring to bandage his hand. Wondering why he had not
+observed him before, but thankful to meet some one at last, Hellen went
+up to him and asked what was the matter.
+
+"I've broken my wrist," the man replied. "I was gathering sticks for my
+fire to-morrow when I heard the howl of a wolf, and in my anxiety to
+escape a conflict with the brute I climbed this tree. As I descended one
+of the branches gave way, and I fell down with all my weight on my right
+arm. Will you see if you can bind it for me? I'm a bit awkward with my
+left hand."
+
+"I will do my best," Hellen said, and kneeling beside the man, he took
+off the bandages and wrapped them round again. "There," he exclaimed,
+"I think that is better--at least it is the best I can do."
+
+The stranger was now most profuse in his thanks, and when Hellen
+informed him of Schiller's condition, at once cried out, "You must both
+come to my cottage; it is only a short distance from here. Let us hasten
+thither now, and my daughter, who is very strong, shall go back with you
+and help you carry your friend. We are not rich, but we can make you
+both fairly comfortable, and all we have shall be at your disposal. But
+I wonder if you know what you have incurred by coming to this spot at
+this hour?"
+
+"Why, no," Hellen said, laughing. "What?"
+
+"The gratification of two wishes--the first two wishes you make! Of
+course, you will say it is all humbug, but, believe me, very queer
+things do happen in this forest. I have experienced them myself."
+
+"Well!" Hellen replied, laughing more heartily than before, "if I wish
+anything at all it is that my wife were here to see how beautifully I
+have bandaged your wrist."
+
+"Where is your wife?" the stranger inquired.
+
+"At Frankfort, most likely taking a final peep at the children in bed
+before retiring to rest herself!" Hellen said, still laughing.
+
+"Then you have children!" the stranger ejaculated, evidently
+interested.
+
+"Yes, three--all girls--and such bonny girls, too. Marcella, Christina,
+and Fredericka. I wish I had them here for you to see."
+
+"I should much like to see them, certainly," the stranger said. "And now
+you have told me so much of interest about yourself, let me tell you
+something of my own history in exchange. My name is Wilfred Gaverstein.
+I am an artist by profession, and have come to live here during the
+summer months in order to paint nature--nature as it really is--in all
+its varying moods. Nature is my only god--I adore it. I don't believe in
+souls. I love the trees and flowers and shrubs, the rivulets, the
+fountains, the birds and insects."
+
+"Everything but the wolves!" Hellen remarked jocularly. Hardly, however,
+had he spoken these words before he had reason to alter his tone. "Great
+heavens! do you hear that?" he cried. "There is no mistake about it this
+time. It is a wolf, or may I never live to hear one again."
+
+"You are right, friend," Wilfred said. "It is a wolf, and not very far
+away, either. Come, we must be quick," and thrusting his arm through
+that of Hellen, he hurried him along. After some minutes' fast walking
+they came in sight of a neatly thatched whitewashed cottage, at the
+entrance to which two women and several children were collected. "That's
+my home," Wilfred said.
+
+"And that's my wife!" Hellen cried, rubbing his eyes to make sure he was
+not dreaming. "God in heaven, what's the meaning of it all? My wife and
+children--all three of them! Am I mad?"
+
+"It is merely the answer to your wishes," Wilfred rejoined calmly. "See,
+they recognize you and are waving."
+
+As one in a sleep Hellen now staggered forward, and was soon in the
+midst of his family, who, rushing up to him, implored him to explain
+what had happened, and how on earth they came to be there.
+
+"I am just as much at sea as you are," Hellen said, feeling them each in
+turn to make sure it was really they. "It's an insoluble mystery to me."
+
+"And to us, too," they all cried. "A few minutes ago we were in our beds
+in Frankfort, and then suddenly we found ourselves here--here in this
+dreadful looking forest. Oh, take us away, take us home, do!"
+
+Hellen was in despair. It was all like a hideous nightmare to him. What
+was he to do?
+
+"You must be my guests for to-night, at all events," Wilfred said; "and
+in the morning we will discuss what is to be done. Fortunately we have
+enough room to accommodate you all. There is food in abundance. Let me
+introduce you to my daughter Marguerite," and the next moment Hellen
+found himself shaking hands with a girl of about twenty years of age.
+She was clad in what appeared to be a travelling dress, deeply bordered
+with white fur, and wore a most becoming cap of white ermine. Her feet
+were shod in long, pointed, and very elegant buckskin shoes, adorned
+with bright silver buckles. Her hair, which was yellow and glossy, was
+parted down the middle, and waved in a most becoming fashion low over
+the forehead and ears; and her features--at least so Hellen
+thought--were very beautiful. Her mouth, though a trifle large, had very
+daintily cut lips, and was furnished with unusually white and even
+teeth. But there was a peculiar furtive expression in her eyes, which
+were of a very pretty shape and colour, that aroused Hellen's curiosity,
+and made him scrutinize her carefully. Her hands were noticeably long
+and slender, with tapering fingers and long, almond-shaped, rosy nails,
+that glittered each time they caught the rays of the fast fading
+sunlight. Hellen's first impression of her was that she was marvellously
+beautiful, but that there was a something about her that he did not
+understand--a something he had never seen in anyone before, a something
+that in an ugly woman might have put him on his guard, but in this face
+of such surpassing beauty a something he seemed only too ready to
+ignore. Hellen was a good, and up to the present, certainly, a faithful
+husband, but he was only a man after all, and the more he looked at the
+girl the more he admired her.
+
+At a word from Wilfred, Marguerite smilingly led the way indoors, and
+showed the guests two bedrooms, small but exquisitely clean. There was a
+double bed in one, and two single ones in the other. The bed-linen was
+of the very finest material, and white as snow.
+
+"I think," Wilfred remarked, "two of the girls can squeeze in one
+bed--they are neither of them very big--though it does my heart good to
+see them so bonny."
+
+"And mine, too," Marguerite joined in, patting the three children on the
+cheeks in turn, and drawing them to her and caressing them.
+
+Mrs. Hellen, still dazed, and apparently hardly realizing what was
+happening, stammered out her thanks, and the party then descended to the
+kitchen to partake of a substantial supper that was speedily prepared
+for them.
+
+"Had you not better go and look for your friend now?" Wilfred observed,
+just as Hellen was about to seat himself beside his wife and children.
+"Marguerite will go with you, and on your return the three of you can
+have your meal in here after the children have gone to bed."
+
+Hellen readily assented, and kissing his wife and little ones, who
+tearfully implored him not to be gone long, set out, accompanied by
+Marguerite.
+
+At each step they took, Marguerite's beauty became more irresistible.
+The soft rays of the moon falling directly on her features enhanced
+their loveliness, and Hellen could not keep his eyes off her. The
+ominous cry of a night bird startled her; she edged timidly up to him;
+and he had to exert all his self-control, so eager was he to clasp her
+to him. In a strained, unnatural manner he kept up a flow of small-talk,
+eliciting the information that she was an art student, and that she had
+studied in Paris and Antwerp, had exhibited in Munich and Turin, and was
+contemplating visiting London the following spring. They talked on in
+this strain until Hellen, remembering their mission, exclaimed:--
+
+"We must be very close to where I left Schiller. I will call to him."
+
+He did so--not once, but many times; and the reverberation of his voice
+rang out loud and clear in the silence of the vast, moon-kissed forest.
+But there was no response, nothing but the rustling of branches and the
+shivering of leaves.
+
+"What's that?" Marguerite suddenly cried, clutching hold of Hellen's
+arm. "There! right in front of us, lying on the ground. There!" and she
+indicated the object with her gleaming finger-tip.
+
+"It looks remarkably like Schiller," Hellen said. "Can he be asleep?"
+
+Quickening their pace, they speedily arrived at the spot. It was
+Schiller, or rather what had once been Schiller, for there was now very
+little left of him but the face and hands and feet; the rest had only
+too obviously been eaten. The spectacle was so shocking that for some
+minutes Hellen was too overcome to speak.
+
+"It must have been wolves!" he said at length. "I fancied I heard them
+several times. Would to God I had never left him! What a death!"
+
+"Horrible!" Marguerite whispered, and she turned her head away to avoid
+so harrowing a sight.
+
+"Well," Hellen observed in a voice broken with emotion, "it's no use
+staying here. We can't be of any service to him now. I will gather the
+remains together in the morning, and with the assistance of your father
+see that they are decently interred. Come! let us be going." And
+offering Marguerite his arm, they began to retrace their steps.
+
+For some time Hellen was too occupied with thoughts of his friend's
+cruel death to think of anything else, but the close proximity of
+Marguerite gradually made itself felt, and by the time they had reached
+the open clearing--the spot where he had encountered Wilfred--his
+passion completely overpowered him. Throwing discretion to the winds,
+and oblivious of wife, children, home, honour, everything save
+Marguerite--the lustre of her eyes and the dainty curving of her
+lips--he slipped his arm round her waist, and pressing her close to him,
+smothered her in kisses.
+
+"How dare you, sir!" she panted, slowly shaking herself free. "Aren't
+you ashamed of such behaviour? What would your wife say, if she knew?"
+
+"I couldn't help it," Hellen pleaded. "I'm not myself to-night. Your
+beauty has bewitched me, and I would risk anything to have you in my
+arms." He spoke so earnestly and looked at her so appealingly that she
+smiled.
+
+"I know I am beautiful," she said, and the intonation of her voice
+thrilled him to the very marrow of his bones. "Dozens of men have told
+me so. Consequently, since there seems to have been some excuse for
+you, I forgive you, only----," but before she could say another word,
+Hellen had again seized her, and this time he did not loosen his hold
+till from sheer exhaustion he could kiss her no more.
+
+"It's no use!" he panted. "I can't help it. I love you as I never loved
+a woman before, and if you were to ask me to do so I would go to Hell
+with you this very minute."
+
+"It is dangerous to express such sentiments here," Marguerite said.
+"Don't you know this spot is full of supernatural influences, and that
+the first two things you wish for will be granted?"
+
+"I have already wished," Hellen said. "I wished when I was here with
+your father."
+
+"Then wish again," Marguerite replied; "I assure you your wishes will be
+fulfilled." And again she looked at him in a way that sent all the blood
+in his body surging wildly to his head, and roused his passion in hot
+and furious rebellion against his reason.
+
+"I wish, then," he cried, seizing hold of her hands and pressing them to
+his lips--"I wish every obstacle removed that prevents my having you
+always with me--that is wish number one."
+
+"And wish number two?" the girl interrogated, her warm, scented breath
+fanning his cheeks and nostrils. "Won't you wish that you may be mine
+for ever? Always mine, mine to eternity!"
+
+"I will!" Hellen cried. "May I be yours always--yours to do what you
+like with--in this life and the next."
+
+"And now you shall have your reward," Marguerite exclaimed, clapping her
+hands gleefully. "I will kiss you of my own free will," and throwing her
+arms round his neck, she drew his head down to hers, and kissed him,
+kissed him not once but many times.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An hour later they left the spot and slowly made their way to the
+cottage. As they neared it, loud screams for help rent the air, and
+Hellen, to his horror, heard his wife and children--he could recognize
+their individual voices--shrieking to him to save them.
+
+In an instant he was himself again. All his old affection for home and
+family was restored, and with a loud answering shout he started to rush
+to their assistance. But Marguerite willed otherwise. With a dexterous
+movement of her feet she got in his way and tripped him, and before he
+had time to realize what was happening, she had flung herself on the top
+of him and pinioned him down.
+
+"No!" she said playfully, "you shall not go! You are mine, mine always,
+remember, and if I choose to keep you here with me, here you must
+remain."
+
+He strove to push her off, but he strove in vain; for the slender,
+rounded limbs he had admired so much possessed sinews of steel, and he
+was speedily reduced to a state of utter impotence.
+
+The shrieks from the cottage were gradually lapsing into groans and
+gurgles, all horribly suggestive of what was taking place, but it was
+not until every sound had ceased that Marguerite permitted Hellen to
+rise.
+
+"You may go now," she said with a mischievous smile, kissing him gaily
+on the forehead and giving his cheeks a gentle slap. "Go--and see what a
+lucky man you are, and how speedily your first wish has been gratified."
+
+Sick with apprehension, Hellen flew to the cottage. His worst
+forebodings were realized. Stretched on the floor of their respective
+rooms, with big, gaping wounds in their chests and throats, lay his wife
+and children; whilst cross-legged, on a chest in the kitchen, his dark
+saturnine face suffused with glee, squatted Wilfred.
+
+"Fiend!" shouted Hellen. "I understand it all now. I have been dealing
+with the Spirits of the Harz Mountains. But be you the Devil himself
+you shan't escape me," and snatching an axe from the wall, he aimed a
+terrific blow at Wilfred's head.
+
+The weapon passed right through the form of Wilfred, and Hellen, losing
+his balance, fell heavily to the ground. At this moment Marguerite
+entered.
+
+"Fool!" she cried; "fool, to think any weapon can harm either Wilfred or
+me. We are phantasms--phantasms beyond the power of either Heaven or
+Hell. Come here!"
+
+Impelled by a force he could not resist, Hellen obeyed--and as he gazed
+into her eyes all his blind infatuation for her came back.
+
+"We must part now," she said; "but only for a while--for remember, you
+belong to me. Here is a token"--and she thrust into his hand a wisp of
+her long, golden hair. "Sleep on it and dream of me. Do not look so sad.
+I shall come for you without fail, and by this sign you shall know when
+I am coming. When this mark begins to heal," she said, as, with the nail
+on the forefinger of the right hand, she scratched his forehead, "get
+ready!"
+
+There was then a loud crash--the room and everything in it swam before
+Hellen's eyes, the floor rose and fell, and sinking backwards he
+remembered no more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When he recovered he was lying in the centre of the haunted plot. There
+was nothing to be seen around him except the trees--dark lofty pines
+that, swaying to and fro in the chill night breeze, shook their sombre
+heads at him. A great sigh of relief broke from him--his experiences of
+course had only been a dream. He was trying to collect his thoughts,
+when he discovered that he was holding something tightly clasped in one
+of his hands. Unable to think what it could be, he rose, and held it in
+the full light of the moon. He then saw that it was a tuft of white
+fur--the fur of some animal. Much puzzled, he put it in his pocket, and
+suddenly recollecting his friend, set out for the place where he had
+left him. "I shall soon know," he said to himself, "whether I have been
+asleep all this time--God grant it may be so!" His heart beat fearfully
+as he pressed forward, and he shouted out "Schiller" several times. But
+there was no reply, and presently he came upon the remains, just as he
+had seen them when accompanied by Marguerite. Convinced now that all
+that had taken place was grim reality, he went back along the route
+Schiller and he had taken the preceding day, and in due time reached the
+village. To the landlord of the inn where they had stayed he related
+what had happened. "I am truly sorry for you," the landlord said; "your
+experience has indeed been a terrible one. Every one here knows the
+forest is haunted in that particular spot, and we all give it as wide a
+berth as possible. But you have been most unfortunate, for Wilfred and
+Marguerite, who are werwolves, only visit these parts periodically. I
+last heard of them being seen when I was about ten years of age, and
+they then ate a pedlar called Schwann and his wife."
+
+As soon as Schiller's remains had been brought to the village and
+interred in the cemetery, Hellen, armed to the teeth and accompanied by
+several of the biggest and strongest hounds he could hire--for he could
+get none of the villagers to go with him--spent a whole day searching
+for Wilfred's cottage. But although he was convinced he had found the
+exact spot where it had stood, there were now no traces of it to be
+seen.
+
+At length he returned to the village, and on the following morning set
+out for Frankfort. On his arrival home he was immediately apprised of
+the fact that a terrible tragedy had occurred in his house. His wife and
+children had been found dead in their beds, with their throats cut and
+dreadful wounds in their chests, and the police had not been able to
+find the slightest clue to the murderers. With a terrible sinking at the
+heart Hellen asked for particulars, and learned, as he knew only too
+well he would learn, that the date of the tragedy was identical with
+that of his adventure in the forest.
+
+He tried hard to persuade himself that the coincidence was a mere
+coincidence; but--he knew better. Besides, there was the scratch!--the
+scratch on his forehead.
+
+Moreover, the scratch remained. It remained fresh and raw till a few
+days prior to his death, when it began to heal. And on the day he died
+it had completely healed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+A LYCANTHROPOUS BROOK IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS; OR, THE CASE OF THE
+COUNTESS HILDA VON BREBER
+
+
+Another case of lycanthropy in Germany, connected with the Harz
+Mountains, occurred somewhere about the beginning of the last century.
+
+Count Von Breber, chief of the police of Magdeburg, whilst away from
+home on a holiday with his young and beautiful wife, the Countess Hilda,
+happened to pass a night in the village of Grautz, in the centre of the
+Harz Mountains.
+
+In the course of a conversation with the innkeeper, the Countess
+remarked: "On our way here this morning we crossed a brook, and
+experienced the greatest difficulty in persuading our dogs to go into
+the water. It is most unusual, as they are generally only too ready for
+a dip. Can you in any way account for it?"
+
+"Were there two very tall poplars, one on either side of the brook?" the
+innkeeper asked; "and did you notice a peculiar--one cannot describe it
+as altogether unpleasant--smell there?"
+
+"We did!" the Count and Countess exclaimed in chorus.
+
+"Then it was the spot locally known as Wolf Hollow," the innkeeper said.
+"No one ventures there after dark, as it has a very evil reputation."
+
+"Stuff and nonsense!" the Count snapped.
+
+"That is as your honour pleases," the innkeeper said humbly. "We village
+folk believe it to be haunted; but, of course, if the subject appears
+ridiculous to you, I will take care I do not refer to it again."
+
+"Please do!" the Countess cried. "I love anything to do with the
+supernatural. Tell us all about it."
+
+The innkeeper gave a little nervous cough, and glancing uneasily at the
+Count, whose face looked more than usually stern in the fading sunlight,
+observed: "They do say, madam, that whoever drinks the water of that
+stream----"
+
+"Yes, yes?" the Countess cried eagerly.
+
+"Suffers a grave misfortune."
+
+"Of what nature?" the Countess demanded; but before the innkeeper could
+answer, the Count cut in:--
+
+"I forbid you to say another word. The Countess has drunk the water
+there, and your cock-and-bull stories will frighten her into fits.
+Confess it is all made up for the benefit of travellers like ourselves."
+
+"Yes, your honour!" the innkeeper stammered, his knees shaking; "I
+confess it is mere talk, but we all be--be--lieve it."
+
+"That will do--go!" the Count cried; and the innkeeper, terrified out of
+his wits, flew out of the room.
+
+Some minutes later mine host received a peremptory summons to appear
+before the Count, who was alone and scowling horribly, in the best
+parlour. He had barely got inside the room before the Count burst out
+wrathfully:--
+
+"I've sent for you, sir, in order to impress upon you the fact that if
+either you or your minions mention one word about that brook to the
+Countess, or to her servants--mark that--I will have the breath flogged
+out of your body and your tongue snipped. Do you hear?"
+
+"Y--yes, your honour," the innkeeper cried. "I ful--fully
+un--understand, and if her ladyship asks me any--anything abou--out the
+br--br--brook, I will lie."
+
+"Which won't trouble you much, eh?"
+
+"N--n--o, your honour! I mean y--yes, your honour! It will be a burden
+on my con--conscience, but I will do anything to pl--please your
+honour."
+
+The interview then terminated, and the innkeeper, bathed in perspiration
+and wishing his lot in life anything but what it was, hastened to
+prepare dinner.
+
+"I hope nothing dreadful will happen to me; I feel that something will,"
+the Countess said, as she let down her long beautiful hair that night.
+"Carl, why did you let me drink the water?"
+
+"The water be ----!" the Count growled. "Didn't you hear what the
+innkeeper said?--that the story was mere invention! If you believe all
+the idle tales you hear, you will soon be in an asylum. Hilda, I'm
+ashamed of you!"
+
+"And I'm ashamed of myself," the Countess cried, "so there!" and she
+flung her arms round his neck and kissed him.
+
+The following morning they left the inn, and, retracing their steps,
+journeyed homewards. The Count looked at his wife somewhat critically;
+she was very pale, and there were dark rims under her eyes.
+
+"I do believe, Hilda," he observed with an assumed gaiety, "you are
+still worrying about that water!"
+
+"I am," she replied; "I had such queer dreams."
+
+He asked her to narrate them, but she refused; and as her sleep now
+became constantly disturbed, and she was getting thin and worried, the
+Count determined that as soon as he reached home he would call in a
+doctor. The latter, examining the Countess, attributed the cause of her
+indisposition to dyspepsia, and ordered her a diet of milk food. But she
+did not get better, and now insisted upon sleeping alone, choosing a
+bedroom situated in a secluded part of the house, where there was
+absolute silence.
+
+The Count remonstrated. "You might at least let me occupy the room next
+to you!" he said.
+
+"No," she replied; "I should hear you if you did. I am sensible now of
+the very slightest sounds, and besides disturbing me, they are a source
+of the greatest annoyance. I feel I shall never get well again unless I
+can have complete rest and quiet. Do let me!" and she fixed her big blue
+eyes on him so earnestly, that he vowed he would see that all her
+wishes, no matter how fanciful, were gratified.
+
+"I hope she won't go mad!" he said to himself; "her behaviour is odd, to
+say the least of it. Odd!--wholly inexplicable."
+
+It was rather too bad that just now, when his mind was harassed with
+misgivings at home, he should also be bothered with disturbances outside
+his own home. But so it was. Events of an unprecedented nature were
+taking place in the town, and it fell to his lot to cope with them.
+Night after night children--mostly of the poorer class--disappeared, and
+despite frantic yet careful and thorough searches, no clue as to what
+had befallen them had, so far, been discovered. The Count doubled the
+men on night duty, but in spite of these and other extraordinary
+precautions the disappearances continued, and the affair--already of the
+utmost gravity--promised to be one that would prove disastrous, not
+merely to the heads of families, but to the head of the police himself.
+So long as the missing ones had been of the lower orders only, the Count
+had not had much to fear--the murmurings of their parents could easily
+be held in check--but now that a few of the children of the rich had
+been spirited away, there was every likelihood of the matter reaching
+the ears of the Court. One evening, when the Count had hardly recovered
+his equanimity after a stormy interview with Herr Meichen, the banker,
+whose three-year-old daughter had vanished, and a still more distressing
+scene with Otto Schmidt, the lawyer, whose six-year-old daughter had
+disappeared, his patience was called upon to undergo a still further
+trial in consequence of a visit from General Carl Rittenberg, a person
+of the greatest importance, not only in the town, but in the whole
+province. Purple in the face with suppressed fury, the General burst
+into the room where the head of the police sat.
+
+"Count!" he cried, striking the table with his fist, "this is beyond a
+joke. My child--my only child--Elizabeth, whom my wife and I
+passionately love, has been stolen. She was walking by my side in
+Frederick Street this afternoon, and as it suddenly became foggy, I left
+her a moment to hail a vehicle to take us home. I wasn't gone from her
+more than half a minute at the most, but when I returned she had gone. I
+searched everywhere, shouting her name; and passers by, compassionate
+strangers, joined me in my search; but though we have looked high and
+low not a trace of her have we been able to discover. I have not told
+her mother yet. God help me--I dare not! I dare not even show my face at
+home without her--my wife will never forgive me----"; and so great was
+his emotion that he buried his face in his hands, and his great body
+heaved and shook. Then he started to his feet, his eyes bulging and
+lurid. "Curse you!" he shrieked; "curse you, Count! it's all your fault!
+Day after day you've sat here, when you ought to have been hunting up
+these rascally police of yours. You've no right to rest one second--not
+one second, do you hear?--till the mystery surrounding these poor lost
+children has been cleared up, and, living or dead--God forbid it should
+prove to be the latter!--they are restored to their parents. Now, mark
+my words, Count, unless my child Elizabeth is found, I'll make your name
+a byword throughout the length and breadth of the country--I'll----";
+but words failed him, and, shaking his fist, he staggered out of the
+room.
+
+The Count was much perturbed. The General was one of the few people in
+the town who really had it in their power to do him harm--the one man
+above all others with whom he had hitherto made it his business to keep
+in. He had not the least doubt but that the General meant all he said,
+and he recognized only too well that his one and only hope of salvation
+lay in the recovery of Elizabeth. But, God in heaven, where could he
+look for her? Sick at heart, he marshalled every policeman in the force,
+and within an hour every street in Magdeburg was being subjected to a
+most rigorous search. The Count was just quitting his office, resolved
+to join in the hunt himself, when a shabbily dressed woman brushed past
+the custodian at the door, and racing up to him, flung herself at his
+feet.
+
+"What the devil does she want?" the Count demanded savagely. "Who is
+she?"
+
+"Martha Brochel, your honour, a poor half-witted creature, who was one
+of the first in the town to lose a child," the door-porter replied; "and
+the shock of it has driven her mad!"
+
+"Mad! mad! Yes! that is just what I am--mad!" the woman broke out.
+"Everything is in darkness. It is always night! There are no houses, no
+chimneys, no lanterns, only trees--big, black trees that rustle in the
+wind, and shake their heads mockingly. And then something hideous comes!
+What is it? Take it away! Take it away! Give her back to me!" And as
+Martha's voice rose to a shriek, she threw her hands over her head, and,
+clenching them, growled and snarled like a wild animal.
+
+"Put her outside!" the Count said with an impatient gesture; "and take
+good care she does not get in here again."
+
+"No! Don't turn me away! Don't! don't!" Martha screamed; "I forgot what
+it was I wanted to tell you--but I remember now. I've seen it!--seen the
+thing that stole my child. There is light--light again! Oh! hear me!"
+
+"Where have you seen it, Martha?" the porter inquired; and looking at
+the Count, he said respectfully: "It is just possible, your honour,
+this woman might be of use to us, and that she has actually seen the
+person who stole her child."
+
+"Rubbish! What right has she to have children?" the Count snapped, and
+he spurned the supplicant with his boot.
+
+The moment she was in the street, however, the head of the police was
+after her. Keeping close behind her, he resolutely dogged her steps. The
+evening was now far advanced, and the fog so dense that the Count,
+though he knew the city, was soon at a total loss as to his whereabouts.
+But on and on the woman went, now deviating to the right, now to the
+left; sometimes pausing as if listening, then tearing on again at such a
+rate that the Count was obliged to run to keep up with her. Suddenly she
+uttered a shrill cry:
+
+"There it is! There it is! The thing that took my child!" and the figure
+of what certainly appeared to be a woman, muffled, and carrying a sack
+on her shoulder, glided across the road just in front of them and
+disappeared in the impenetrable darkness. Martha sped after her, and the
+Count, his hopes raised high, followed in hot pursuit. He failed to
+recognize the ground they were traversing, and presently they came to a
+high wall, over which Martha scrambled with the agility of an acrobat.
+The Count, in attempting to imitate her, damaged his knee and tore his
+clothes, but he also landed safely on the other side. Then on they went,
+Martha with unabated energy, the Count horribly exhausted, and beginning
+to think of turning back, when they were abruptly brought to a
+standstill. The walls of some building loomed right ahead of them. The
+object of their pursuit, again visible, darted through a doorway; whilst
+Martha, with a loud cry of triumph, sprang in after her; but before the
+Count could cross the threshold the door was slammed and locked in his
+face. Then he heard a chorus of the most appalling sounds--sounds so
+strange and unearthly that his blood turned to ice and his hair rose
+straight on end. Rushing footsteps mingled with peculiar soft
+patterings; agonized human screams coupled with the growls and snappings
+of an animal; a heavy thud; gurgles; and then silence.
+
+The Count's courage revived: he hurled himself against the door; it gave
+with a crash, and the next moment he was inside. But what a sight met
+his eyes! The place, which somehow or the other seemed oddly familiar to
+him, was a veritable shambles--floor, walls, and furniture were sodden
+with blood. In every corner were mangled human remains; whilst stretched
+on the ground, opposite the doorway, lay the body of Martha, her face
+unrecognizable and her breast and stomach ripped right open. This was
+terrible enough, but more terrible by far was the author of it all, who,
+having cast aside wraps, now stood fully revealed in the yellow glow of
+a lantern. What the Count saw was a monstrosity--a thing with a woman's
+breast, a woman's hair, golden and curly, but the face and feet were
+those of a wolf; whilst the hands, white and slender, were armed with
+long, glittering nails, cruelly sharp and dripping with blood.
+
+To the Count's astonishment the creature did not attack him, but
+uttering a low plaintive cry, veered round and endeavoured to escape.
+But escape was the very last thing Van Breber would permit. Whatever the
+thing was--beast or devil--it had caused him endless trouble, and if
+allowed to get away now, would go on with its escapades, and so bring
+about his ruin. No! he must kill it. Kill it even at the risk of his own
+life. With a shout of wrath he plunged his sword up to its hilt in the
+thing's back.
+
+It fell to the floor and the Count bent over it curiously. Something was
+happening--something strange and terrifying; but he could not look--he
+was forced to shut his eyes. When he opened them he no longer saw the
+hairy visage of a wolf--he was gazing fondly into the dying eyes of his
+beautiful and much-loved wife. With a rapidity like lightning, he
+recognized his surroundings. He was in a long disused summer-house that
+stood in a remote corner of his own grounds!
+
+"God help me and you, too!" the Countess Hilda whispered, clasping him
+fondly in her arms. "It was the water!--the water I drank in the Harz
+Mountains! I have been bewitched----"; and kissing him feverishly on the
+lips, she sank back--dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+WERWOLVES IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE BALKAN PENINSULA
+
+
+THE CASE OF THE FAMILY OF KLOSKA AND THE LYCANTHROPOUS FLOWER
+
+In the mountainous regions of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula
+are certain flowers credited with the property of converting into
+werwolves whoever plucks and wears them. Needless to say, these flowers
+are very rare, but I have heard of their having been found,
+comparatively recently, both in the Transylvanian Alps and the Balkans.
+A story _a propos_ of one of these discoveries was told me last summer.
+
+Ivan and Olga were the children of Otto and Vera Kloska--the former a
+storekeeper of Kerovitch, a village on the Roumanian side of the
+Transylvanian Alps. One morning they were out with their mother,
+watching her wash clothes in a brook at the back of their house, when,
+getting tired of their occupation, they wandered into a thicket.
+
+"Let's make a chaplet of flowers," Olga said, plucking a daisy. "You
+gather the flowers and I'll weave them together."
+
+"It's not much of a game," Ivan grumbled, "but I can't think of anything
+more exciting just now, so I'll play it. But let's both make wreaths and
+see which makes the best."
+
+To this Olga agreed, and they were soon busily hunting amidst the grass
+and undergrowth, and scrambling into all sorts of possible and
+impossible places.
+
+Presently Ivan heard a scream, followed by a heavy thud, and running in
+the direction of the noise, narrowly avoided falling into a pit, the
+sides of which were partly overgrown with weeds and brambles.
+
+"It's all right," Olga shouted; "I'm not hurt. I landed on soft ground.
+It's not very deep, and there's such a queer flower here--I don't know
+what it is; I've never seen one like it before."
+
+Ivan's curiosity thus aroused, he carefully examined the sides of the
+pit, and, selecting the shallowest spot, lowered himself slowly over and
+then dropped. It was nothing of a distance, seven or eight feet at the
+most, and he alighted without mishap on a clump of rank, luxuriant
+grass. "See! here it is," his sister cried, pointing to a large, very
+vivid white flower, shaped something like a sunflower, but soft and
+pulpy, and full of a sweet, nauseating odour. "It's too big to put in a
+wreath, so I'll wear it in my buttonhole."
+
+"Better not," Ivan said, snatching it from her; "I don't like it. It's a
+nasty-looking thing. I believe it's a sort of fungus."
+
+Olga then began to cry, and as Ivan was desirous of keeping the peace,
+he gave her back the flower. She was a prepossessing child, with black
+hair and large dark eyes, pretty teeth and plump, sunburnt cheeks. Nor
+was she altogether unaware of her attractions, for even at so early an
+age she had a goodly share of the inordinate vanity common to her sex,
+and liked nothing better than appearing out-of-doors in a new frock
+plentifully besprinkled with rosettes and ribbons. The flower, she told
+herself, would look well on her scarlet bodice, and would be a good
+set-off to her black hair and olive complexion. All this was, of course,
+beyond the comprehension of Ivan, who regarded his sister's weakness
+with the most supreme contempt, and for his own part was never so happy
+as when skylarking with other boys and getting into every conceivable
+kind of mischief. Yet for all that he was in the main sensible, almost
+beyond his years, and extremely fond, and--though he would not admit
+it--proud of Olga.
+
+She fixed the flower in her dress, and imitating to the best of her
+knowledge the carriage of royalty, strutted up and down, saying "Am I
+not grand? Don't I look nice? Ivan--salute me!"
+
+And Ivan was preparing to salute her in the proper military style,
+taught him by a great friend of his in the village, a soldier in the
+carabineers for whom he had an intense admiration, when his jaw suddenly
+fell and his eyes bulged.
+
+"Whatever is the matter with you?" Olga asked.
+
+"There's nothing the matter with me," Ivan cried, shrinking away from
+her; "but there is with you. Don't! don't make such faces--they frighten
+me," and turning round, he ran to the place where he had made his
+descent and tried to climb up.
+
+Some minutes later the mother of the children, hearing piercing shrieks
+for help, flew to the pit, and, missing her footing, slipped over the
+brink, and falling some ten or more feet, broke one of her legs and
+otherwise bruised herself. For some seconds she was unconscious, and the
+first sight that met her eyes on coming to was Ivan kneeling on the
+ground, feebly endeavouring to hold at bay a gaunt grey wolf that had
+already bitten him about the legs and thigh, and was now trying hard to
+fix its wicked white fangs into his throat.
+
+"Help me, mother!" Ivan gasped; "I'm getting exhausted. It's Olga."
+
+"Olga!" the mother screamed, making frantic efforts to come to his
+assistance. "Olga! what do you mean?"
+
+"It's all owing to a flower--a white flower," Ivan panted; "Olga would
+pluck it, and no sooner had she fixed it on her dress than she turned
+into a wolf! Quick, quick! I can't hold it off any longer."
+
+Thus adjured the wretched woman made a terrific effort to rise, and
+failing in this, clenched her teeth, and, lying down, rolled over and
+over till she arrived at the spot where the struggle was taking place.
+By this time, however, the wolf had broken through Ivan's guard, and he
+was now on his back with his right arm in the grip of his ferocious
+enemy.
+
+The mother had not a knife, but she had a long steel skewer she used for
+sticking into a tree as a means of fastening one end of her washing
+line. She wore it hanging to her girdle, and it was quite by a miracle
+it had not run into her when she fell.
+
+"Take care, mother," Ivan cried, as she raised it ready to strike;
+"remember, it is Olga."
+
+This indeed was an ugly fact that the woman in her anxiety to save the
+boy had forgotten. What should she do? To merely wound the animal would
+be to make it ten times more savage, in which case it would almost
+inevitably destroy them both. To kill it would mean killing Olga. Which
+did she love the most, the boy or the girl? Never was a mother placed in
+such a dilemma. And she had no time to deliberate, not even a second.
+God help her, she chose. And like ninety-nine out of a hundred mothers
+would have done, she chose the boy; he--he at all costs must be saved.
+She struck, struck with all the pent-up energy of despair, and in her
+blind, mad zeal she struck again.
+
+The first blow, penetrating the werwolf's eye, sank deep into its brain,
+but the second blow missed--missed, and falling aslant, alighted on the
+form beneath.
+
+An hour later a villager on his way home, hearing extraordinary sounds
+of mirth, went to the side of the pit and peeped over.
+
+"Vera Kloska!" he screamed; "Heaven have mercy on us, what have you
+there?"
+
+"He! he! he!" came the answer. "He! he! he! My children! Don't they look
+funny? Olga has such a pretty white flower in her buttonhole, and Ivan a
+red stain on his forehead. They are deaf--they won't reply when I speak
+to them. See if you can make them hear."
+
+But the villager shook his head. "They'll never hear again in this
+world, mad soul," he muttered. "You've murdered them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Besides this white flower there is a yellow one, of the same shape and
+size as a snapdragon; and a red one, something similar to an ox-eyed
+daisy, both of which have the power of metamorphosing the plucker and
+wearer into a werwolf. Both have the same peculiar vividness of colour,
+the same thick, sticky sap, and the same sickly, faint odour. They are
+both natives of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula, and are
+occasionally to be met with in damp, marshy places.
+
+Certain flowers (lilies-of-the-valley, marigolds, and azaleas), as also
+diamonds, are said to attract werwolves, thus proving a source of danger
+to those who wear them. And _a propos_ of this magnetic property of
+diamonds the following anecdote comes to me from the Tyrol:--
+
+
+A WERWOLF IN INNSBRUCK
+
+Madame Mildau was one of the prettiest women in Innsbruck. She had
+golden hair, large violet eyes, a smile that would melt a Loyola, and
+diamonds that set every woman's mouth watering. With such inducements to
+seduction, how could Madame Mildau help delighting in balls and fetes,
+and in promenading constantly before the public? She revelled in a
+universal admiration--she aimed at a monopoly--and she lived wholly and
+solely to exact homage. To be deprived of any single opportunity of
+displaying her charms and consequent triumphs would indeed have been a
+hardship, and to nothing short of a very serious indisposition would
+Madame Mildau have sacrificed her pleasure.
+
+Now it so happened that three of the most brilliant entertainments of
+the season fell on the same night, and Madame Mildau, with all the
+unreason of her sex, desired to attend each one of them.
+
+"I have accepted these three invitations," she informed her husband,
+"and to these three balls I mean to go. I shall apportion the time
+equally between them. You forget," she added, "that the success of these
+entertainments really depends on me. Crowds go only to see me, and I
+should never forgive myself if I disappointed them."
+
+But her husband, with the perversity characteristic of gout and middle
+age, combined, no doubt, with a not unnatural modicum of jealousy,
+maintained that one such fete should be sufficient amusement for one
+night. She might take her choice of one; he would on no account permit
+her to attend all three. Much to his surprise and delight Madame Mildau
+made no scene, but graciously submitted after a few mild protestations.
+A little later her husband remarked encouragingly:--
+
+"I congratulate you, Julia, on your philosophy and self-restraint. In
+yielding to my wishes you have pleased me immeasurably, and I should
+like to show my gratification in some substantial manner. As it is some
+months since I gave you a present, I have resolved to make you one now.
+You may choose what you like."
+
+"I have chosen," Madame Mildau replied calmly.
+
+"What, already!" her husband cried. "You sly creature. You have been
+keeping this up your sleeve. What is it?"
+
+"A diamond tiara," was the cool reply. "The one you said you could not
+afford last Christmas."
+
+"Mon Dieu!" her husband gasped. "I shall be ruined."
+
+"You will be ruined if you do not give it to me," Madame Mildau replied,
+"for in that case I should leave you. I couldn't live with a liar."
+
+Her husband wrung his hands. He implored her to choose something else,
+but it was of no avail, and within two hours Madame Mildau had visited
+the jeweller and the tiara was hers.
+
+The eventful day came at last, and Madame Mildau, escorted by her
+husband, attended one of the most popular balls of the season. She did
+not wear her tiara. There had been several highway jewellery robberies
+in the neighbourhood of late, and she pleased her husband immensely by
+leaving her diamonds carefully locked up at home.
+
+"You are prudence itself," he said, gazing at her in admiration. "And as
+a reward you shall dance all the evening whilst I look on and admire
+you."
+
+But soon Madame Mildau could dance no longer. She had a very bad
+headache, and begged her husband to take her home. M. Mildau was very
+sympathetic. He was very sorry for his wife, and suggested that she
+should take some brandy. She readily agreed that a little brandy might
+do her good, and they took some together in their bedroom, after which
+madame's husband remembered little more. He had a vague notion that his
+wife was rolling his neck-handkerchief round his forehead in the form of
+a Turkish turban, and patting him on the cheeks and smilingly wishing
+him a thousand pleasant dreams, and then--all was a blank. He might as
+well have been dead. With madame it was otherwise. The headache was, of
+course, a ruse. The brandy she had given her husband had been well
+drugged, and no sooner had she made sure it had taken effect than she
+snapped her daintily manicured finger-tips in the air, and retiring to
+her dressing-room, changed the dress she was wearing for one ten times
+more costly and beautiful--a dress of rose-coloured gauze, upon which a
+drapery of lace was suspended by agraffes of diamonds. A wreath of pale
+roses, that seemed to have been bathed in the dew of the morning, the
+better to harmonize with the delicate complexion of her lovely face,
+nestled in her hair, and above it, more magnificent than anything yet
+seen in Innsbruck, and setting off to perfection the dazzling lustre of
+her yellow curls, the tiara of diamonds.
+
+After a final survey of herself in the glass, she slipped on her cloak,
+and stole softly out to join her intimate friend, the Countess Linitz,
+who was also going to the ball. All things so far had worked wonderfully
+well; not even a servant suspected her. In order to avoid trusting her
+secret to anyone in the house, she had employed a stranger to hire an
+elegant carriage, which was in waiting for her at a discreet distance
+from the front door. The ball at which Madame Mildau soon arrived with
+her friend was much more to her liking than the one to which she had
+been previously escorted by her husband. The music was more harmonious,
+the conversation more amiable, the dresses more elaborate, and, what
+was more important than all, Madame Mildau's success was even more
+instantaneous and complete. The whole room--host, guests, musicians,
+even waiters--one and all were literally dumbfounded at the
+extraordinary beauty of her face and costume, to say nothing of her
+jewels. Such an entrancing spectacle was without parallel in a ballroom
+in Innsbruck; and when she left, before the entertainment was over, all
+the life, the light, the gaiety went with her.
+
+But it was at the third ball, to which the same equipage surreptitiously
+bore her, that Madame Mildau's enjoyment and triumphs reached their
+zenith; and it was only towards the close of that entertainment--when
+she felt, by that revelation of instinct which never deceives women on
+similar occasions, that it was time to depart; that the brilliancy of
+her eyes, no less than the beauty of her dress, was fading; that her
+lips, parched with fatigue, had lost that humid red which rendered them
+so pretty and inviting, and that the dust had taken the beautiful gloss
+off her hair--that she experienced, for the first time, a sentiment of
+uneasiness in reviewing the rashness of her conduct. How was it
+possible, she asked herself, to prevent a casual acquaintance--her
+friends she could warn--letting out in conversation before her husband
+that she had been to these balls. And supposing he thus got to know of
+her deceit, what then?
+
+This idea--the idea of being found out--with all its consequences, rose
+before her. Her exhausted imagination could find nothing to oppose it,
+nothing to relieve the feeling of depression which took possession of
+her, and she almost felt remorse when she threw herself into her
+carriage. It was a very dark night, cold and windy, and she was only too
+thankful to nestle close into the soft cushions at her back, and bury
+her face in the warm fur of her costly wrap. For some minutes she
+remained absorbed in thought; but it was not long before the monotonous
+rumble, rumble of the carriage produced a sensation of drowsiness, from
+which she was rudely awakened by the sound of a cough. Glancing in the
+direction from whence it came, to her utmost dismay and astonishment she
+saw, seated in the opposite corner of the vehicle, a young man of good,
+if somewhat peculiar appearance, and extremely well dressed. Madame
+Mildau instantly took in all the disadvantages of her situation, and,
+overwhelmed by the imprudence of her conduct, exclaimed in a tone in
+which dignity and terror struggled for mastery, "Sir, what audacity!"
+
+"Yes, indeed, what audacity!" the stranger replied, affecting to be
+shocked. "What pride! What a love of display!" and he rolled his big
+eyes at her and bared his teeth.
+
+"But, sir," Madame Mildau cried in horror, concluding that the unknown
+was a madman, "this is _my_ carriage. I beg you will depart--I beseech
+you--I command you. I will summon my servants."
+
+"That will be a vain waste of valuable breath," replied the young man
+coolly. "You may call your servants--but there is only one, and he is
+mine. He will not answer you."
+
+"Where am I, then? How infamous!" exclaimed Madame Mildau, and she burst
+into tears. "Oh, how cruelly punished I am!"
+
+"It is true, madame, you will be punished for having been agreeable,
+gay, and brilliant to-night without the consent of your husband; but at
+present he knows nothing about it, for at this moment he reposes in the
+sleep of the just, confident that you are enjoying the same repose close
+to him. As to yourself, madame, why this fear? You will have nothing to
+dread, I assure you, from my indiscretion; but, as you may be aware,
+there is no fault, however small, that has not its expiation. Nay, do
+not weep. Am I so ugly? Why should you dread me so, madame? I am a great
+admirer of your charms, desirous to know you better. Nay, have no
+suspicions as to my morality--I am no profligate. I came to the ball
+to-night for quite another purpose."
+
+"Sir, I understand you. You are employed by my husband. A spy!
+Detestable!"
+
+"Stop, madame," the stranger said, laying his hand gently on hers.
+"Debase not the dignity of man by imagining for one instant that there
+is anyone who would lend himself so readily to act the odious part you
+impute to me. I am no spy."
+
+"In Heaven's name, then," Madame Mildau exclaimed, "what brings you
+here? What do you want? Who are you?"
+
+"One at a time, madame," the young man ejaculated. "To begin with, it
+was those diamonds of yours--those rings on your soft and delicate
+fingers, those bracelets on your slender rounded wrists, that necklace
+and pendant on your snowy breast, and over and above all that splendid
+tiara on your matchless hair. It was the sight of all those bright and
+gleaming stars that attracted me, just as the light of a candle attracts
+a moth. I could not resist them."
+
+"Then you--you are a robber!" stammered the lady, ready to faint with
+terror.
+
+"Wrong again!" the young man said; "I admire your jewels, it is true,
+but I am no thief."
+
+"Then, in mercy's name, what are you?" demanded the lady.
+
+"Well!" the stranger replied, speaking with a slight snarl, "I am a man
+now, but I shall soon change."
+
+"A man and will soon change?" Madame Mildau cried; "oh, you're mad,
+mad--and I'm shut up in here with a lunatic! Help! help!"
+
+"Calmly, calmly," the stranger exclaimed, lifting her hands to his lips
+and kissing them. "I'm perfectly sane, and at present perfectly
+harmless. Now tell me, madame--and mind, be candid with me--why don't
+you love your husband?"
+
+"How do you know I don't?" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"Tut, tut!" the young man said. "Anyone could see that with half an eye.
+Besides, consider your conduct to-night! Answer my questions."
+
+"Well, you see!" Madame Mildau stammered, having come to the conclusion
+that even if the man were not mad it would be highly impolitic to
+provoke him, "I'm so much younger than he is. I'm only twenty-three,
+whereas he is forty-five. Besides, he detests all amusements, and I love
+them--especially dances. He is too fat to----"
+
+"Are you sure he is fat? Will you swear he is fat?" the stranger asked,
+grasping her hands so tightly that she screamed.
+
+"I swear it!" she said, "he is quite the fattest man I know."
+
+"And tender! But no, he can't be very tender!"
+
+"What questions to ask!" Madame Mildau said. "How do I know whether he
+is tender! Besides, what does it concern you?"
+
+"It concerns me much," the young man retorted; "and you, too, madame.
+You asked me just now a question concerning myself. Your curiosity shall
+be satisfied. I am a werwolf. My servant on the box who took the place
+of your employe is a werwolf. In an hour the metamorphosis will take
+place. You are out here in the Wood of Arlan alone with us."
+
+"In the Wood of Arlan!"
+
+"Yes, madame, in the Wood of Arlan, which is, as you know, one of the
+wildest and least frequented spots in this part of the Tyrol. We are
+both ravenously hungry, and--well, you can judge the rest!"
+
+Madame Mildau, who regarded werwolves in the same category as satyrs and
+mermaids, was once more convinced that she had to deal with a lunatic,
+but thinking it wisest to humour him, she said, "I shouldn't advise you
+to eat me. I'm not at all nice. I'm dreadfully tough."
+
+"You're not that," the young man said, "but I'm not at all sure that
+the paint and powder on your cheeks might not prove injurious. Anyhow, I
+have decided to spare you on one condition!"
+
+"Yes! and that is?" Madame Mildau exclaimed, clapping her hands
+joyfully.
+
+"That you let me have your husband instead. Give me the keys of your
+house, and my man and I will fetch him. Did you leave him sound asleep?"
+
+"Yes!" Madame Mildau faltered.
+
+"In other words you drugged him! I knew it! I can read it in your eyes.
+Well--so much the better. Your foresight has proved quite providential.
+We will bind you securely and leave you here whilst we are gone, and
+when we return with your husband you shall be freed, and my man shall
+drive you home. The key?"
+
+Madame Mildau gave it him. With the aid of his servant--a huge man, well
+over six feet and with the chest and limbs of a Hercules--the stranger
+then proceeded to gag and bind Madame Mildau hand and foot, and lifting
+her gently on to the road, fastened her securely to the trunk of a tree.
+
+"Au revoir!" he exclaimed, kissing her lightly on the forehead. "We
+shan't be long! These horses go like the wind."
+
+The next moment he was gone. For some seconds Madame Mildau struggled
+desperately to free herself; then, recognizing the futility of her
+efforts, resigned herself to her fate. At last she heard the clatter of
+horses' hoofs and the rumble of wheels, and in a few minutes she was
+once again free.
+
+"Quick!" the stranger said, leading her by the arm, "there's not a
+moment to lose. The transmutation has already begun. In a few seconds we
+shall both be wolves and your fate will be sealed. We've got your
+husband, and, fortunately for you, he is as you described him, nice and
+plump. If you want to take a final peep at him, do so at once; it's your
+last chance."
+
+But Madame Mildau had no such desire. She moved aside as her husband,
+clad in his pyjamas and still sleeping soundly, was lifted out of the
+vehicle and placed on the ground, and then, hurriedly brushing past him,
+was about to enter the carriage, when the young man interposed.
+
+"On the box, madame. We could not find you a coachman--you must drive
+yourself; and as you value your life, drive like the----"
+
+But madame did not wait for further instructions. Springing lightly on
+the box, she picked up the reins, and with a crack of the whip the
+horses were off. A minute later, and the wild howl of wolves, followed
+by a piercing human scream, rang out in the still morning air.
+
+"That's my husband! I recognize his voice," Madame Mildau sighed. "Ah,
+well! thank God, the man wasn't a robber. My diamonds are safe."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN SPAIN
+
+
+Werwolves are, perhaps, rather less common in Spain than in any other
+part of Europe. They are there almost entirely confined to the
+mountainous regions (more particularly to the Sierra de Guadarrama, the
+Cantabrian, and the Pyrenees), and are usually of the male species.
+Generally speaking the property of lycanthropy in Spain appears to be
+hereditary; and, as one would naturally expect in a country so
+pronouncedly Roman Catholic, to rid the lycanthropist of his unenviable
+property it is the custom to resort to exorcism. Though they are
+extremely rare, both flowers and streams possessing the power of
+transmitting the property of werwolfery are to be found in the
+Cantabrian mountains and the Pyrenees.
+
+And in Spain, as in Austria-Hungary, precious stones--particularly
+rubies--not infrequently, and often with disastrous results, attract
+the werwolf.
+
+The following case of a Spanish werwolf may be taken as typical:--
+
+In the month of September, 1853, a young man, one Paul Nicholas, arrived
+from Paris at Pamplona, and took up his abode at l'Hotel Hervada.
+
+He was rich, idle, sleek; and the sole object of his stay at Pamplona
+was the pursuit of some little adventure wherewith he might be
+temporarily employed, and whereof perchance he might afterwards boast.
+Well, in the hotel there had arrived, a day or two before Monsieur
+Nicholas, a young and beautiful lady, the effect of whose personal
+attractions was intensified by certain mysterious circumstances. No one
+knew her; she had no one with her--not even a servant to be bribed--and
+although eminently fitted to shine in society, she went neither to the
+opera nor the dance. As may be readily understood, she was soon the sole
+topic of conversation in the hotel. Every one talked of her rare beauty,
+elegance, and musical genius, and immediately after dinner, when she
+retired to her room, many of the guests would steal upstairs after her,
+and, stationing themselves outside her door, would remain there for
+hours to listen to her singing.
+
+Paul Nicholas's head was completely turned. To have such a neighbour,
+with the face and voice of an angel, and yet not to know her! It was
+enough to drive him wild. At last, to every one's surprise, the
+mysterious lady, apparently so exclusive, permitted the advances of a
+very commonplace, middle-aged gentleman with hardly a hair on his head
+and a paunch that was voted quite disgusting.
+
+The friendship between the two ripened fast. In defiance of all
+conventionality, the lady took to sitting out late at night with her
+elderly admirer, and, with an absolute disregard of decorum, accompanied
+him on long excursions. Finally, she went away with him altogether. On
+the occasion of this latter event every one in the hotel heaved a sigh
+of relief, saving Paul.
+
+Paul was disconsolate. He stayed on, hovering about the places she had
+most frequented, and hoping to see in every fresh arrival at the hotel
+his adored one come back. His pitiable condition gained no sympathy.
+
+"Silly fellow!" was the general comment. "He is desperately in love! And
+with such a creature! What an idiot!"
+
+But Paul's patience was at length rewarded, his devotion apparently
+justified, for the lady returned, unaccompanied; and so great was the
+charm of her personality that within two days of her reappearance she
+had completely won back the hearts of her fellow-guests. Again every
+one raved of her.
+
+Meanwhile, Paul Nicholas became more enamoured than ever. He bought a
+guitar, and composed love lyrics--which he sang outside her door, from
+morning till night, with all that wealth of tenderness so uniquely
+expressible in a human voice--but it was all in vain. For the lady,
+whose name had at last leaked out--it was Isabelle de Nurrez--had
+yielded to the attentions of another stout, middle-aged gentleman, with
+whom in due course she departed.
+
+This was too much even for her most ardent admirers. Every guest in the
+hotel protested, and petitioned that she might not be readmitted.
+
+But mine host shook his head with scant apology. "I cannot help it," he
+said. "The lady pays more for her rooms than all the rest of you put
+together, so why should I turn her out? After all, if she likes to have
+many sweethearts, why shouldn't she? It is her own concern, neither
+yours nor mine. It harms no one!"
+
+And some of the guests, seeing logic in their landlord's views,
+remained; others went. As for Paul, he was immeasurably shocked at the
+bad taste of his adored one; but he stayed on, and within a few days, as
+he had fondly hoped, the fickle creature returned--and, as before,
+returned alone. It was then that he resolved on writing to her. With a
+crow-quill almost as fine as the long silky eyelashes of Isabella, on a
+sheet of paper whose border of Cupids, grapes, vases, and roses left
+little--too little--space for writing, he indited his letter, which,
+when completed, he sealed with a seal of azure blue wax, bearing the
+device of a dove ready for flight. And so scented was this epistle that
+it perfumed the entire hotel in its transit by means of a servant (well
+paid for the purpose) to mademoiselle's room. Again--this time for an
+endless amount of trouble and expense--Paul was rewarded. When next he
+met mademoiselle, and an opportune moment arrived, she looked at him,
+and as her lovely eyes scanned his manly, if somewhat portly figure, she
+smiled--smiled a smile of satisfaction which meant much. Paul Nicholas
+was in ecstasies. He hardly knew how to contain himself; he sighed,
+radiated, and wriggled about to such an extent that the attention of
+every one in the place was directed to him; whereupon Mlle de Nurrez
+turned very red and frowned. Paul's expectations now sank to zero; for
+the rest of the day he was almost too miserable to live. But Mlle de
+Nurrez, no doubt perceiving him to be truly penitent for having so
+embarrassed her, forgave him, and on his way to dinner he received a
+note in her own pretty handwriting giving him permission to make her
+acquaintance without any further introduction. The way thus paved,
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, overjoyed, lost no time in seeking out the lady.
+She was singing a wild sweet song as he entered her sitting-room, and
+her back, turned to the door, gave him an opportunity of observing, as
+she leant over her guitar, the most exquisite shoulders and the
+prettiest-shaped head in the world. With graceful confusion she rose to
+greet him, and her long eyelashes fell over eyes black and brilliant as
+those that awakened the furore of two continents--the eyes of Lola
+Montez. She was dressed in white; her rich dark hair was held in place
+with combs of gold; her girdle was of gold, and so also were the massive
+bracelets on her arms, which--so perfect was their symmetry--might well
+have been fashioned by a sculptor.
+
+Monsieur Paul Nicholas, with the air of a prince, escorted her to the
+dining-room; and over champagne, coffee, and liqueurs their friendship
+grew apace. Some hours later, when ensconced together in a cosy retreat
+on the terrace, and the fast disappearing lights in the hotel windows
+warned them it would soon be prudent to retire, Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed
+with a sigh:--
+
+"You have told me so much about yourself, whilst I--I have told you
+nothing in return. Alas! I have a history. My parents are dead--my
+mother died when I was a baby, and my father, who was a very wealthy
+man--having accumulated his money in the business of a cork merchant
+which he carried on for years in Portugal--died just six months ago. He
+was on a voyage for his health in the Mediterranean, when he formed an
+acquaintance with a young Hindu, Prince Dajarah who soon acquired
+unbounded influence over him. My father died on this voyage, and--God
+forgive my suspicions!--but his death was strange and sudden. On opening
+his will, it was found that all his property was left to me--but only on
+the condition that I married Prince Dajarah."
+
+"Marry a black man! Mon Dieu, how terrible!" Paul Nicholas cried.
+
+"You are right. It was terrible!" Mlle de Nurrez went on. "And if I
+refused to marry Prince Dajarah, he, according to the will, would
+inherit everything. Well, Prince Dajarah was persistent; he declared
+that it was my duty to marry him, to fulfil my father's dying wish. It
+was in vain that I implored his mercy--that I told him I could never
+return his affections. And at last, finding that upon Prince Dajarah
+neither remonstrance nor reproach had any effect, I fled to a town some
+ten miles distant from this hotel, taking with me what money and
+jewellery I possessed.
+
+"Alas! he soon discovered my whereabouts, and with the sole object of
+continuing his persecution of me, speedily established himself in the
+house--which, unfortunately for me, happened to be vacant--next to mine.
+My money is nearly exhausted, I have no resources, and unless some one
+intervenes, some one brave and fearless, some one who really loves me, I
+shall undoubtedly be forced into a marriage with this odious wretch.
+Heavens, the bare idea of it is poisonous! You remember the two men who
+paid such marked attentions to me a short time ago?"
+
+Paul Nicholas nodded. His emotion was such he could not speak.
+
+"They both imagined they were in love with me. They swore they would
+confront the black tyrant and kill him; but when they were put to the
+test--when I took them and pointed him out to them--they went white as a
+sheet, and--fled."
+
+"Why torture me thus?" Paul Nicholas cried. "Tell me--only tell me what
+it is you want me to do!"
+
+"Do you love me?"
+
+"More than my life."
+
+"More than your soul?"
+
+"More than my soul."
+
+"Will you save me from a fate more horrible than death?"
+
+"If I go to Hell for you--yes!" Paul said, gazing on a face lovely as a
+dream.
+
+"You must come with me to his house to-morrow then! You must come armed.
+You must kill him."
+
+"Kill him!" Paul cried, turning pale.
+
+"Well?"
+
+"But it will be murder--assassination."
+
+"Murder, to kill him--a tyrant--a black man! Bah! Are you too a coward?"
+And she sprang to her feet, the veins swelling on her white brow, her
+cheeks colouring, her eyes flashing fire, as if she, at least, knew not
+the meaning of fear. "Sooner than let such a wretch inherit my father's
+wealth," she cried out, "I will kill him myself--kill him, or perish in
+the attempt."
+
+Paul Nicholas encountered the earnest gaze of her large, bright eyes,
+the pleading of her beautiful mouth, and the sweetness of her breath
+fanned his nostrils. A terrific wave of passion swept over him. He loved
+as he had never loved before--as he had never deemed it possible to
+love: and in his mad worship of the woman he believed to be as pure as
+she was fair, he forgot that the devil hides safest where he is least
+suspected. Seizing her small white hands in his, he swore upon them to
+do her will; and he would have gone on making all sorts of wild,
+impassioned speeches had not Mlle de Nurrez reminded him that it was
+past locking-up time.
+
+She crossed the main hall of the hotel with him, and as she turned to
+bid him good night prior to ascending to her quarters, her eyes met
+his--met his in one long, lingering glance that he assured himself could
+only have meant love.
+
+Next morning the guests in the hotel received another shock. Mlle de
+Nurrez had gone off again--this time with Monsieur Paul Nicholas--that
+good-looking, well-to-do young man, at whom all the matrons with
+marriageable daughters had in vain cast longing eyes.
+
+Now, although Paul Nicholas had little knowledge of geography, he could
+not help remarking, as he journeyed with Mlle Nurrez, that their route
+was in an exactly opposite direction to that leading to the town which
+his companion had named to him as her place of residence. He pointed out
+his difficulty, but Mlle de Nurrez only laughed.
+
+"Wait!" she said. "Wait and see. We shall get there all right. You must
+trust to my wit."
+
+Paul Nicholas made no further comment. He was already in the seventh
+heaven--that was enough for him; and leaning back, he continued gazing
+at her profile.
+
+The afternoon passed away, the sun sank, and night and its shadows moved
+solemnly on them. Gradually the roadside trees became distinguishable
+only as deeper masses of shadow, and Paul Nicholas could only tell they
+were trees by the peculiar sodden odour that, from time to time,
+sluggishly flowed in at the open window of the carriage. Of necessity,
+they were proceeding slowly--the road was for the most part uphill, and
+the horses, though tough and hardy natives of the mountains, had begun
+to show signs of flagging. They did not pass by a soul, and even the
+sighs of astonished cattle, whose ruminating slumbers they had routed,
+at last became events of the greatest rarity. At each yard they advanced
+the wildness of the country increased, and although the landscape was
+hidden, its influence was felt. Paul Nicholas knew, as well as if he had
+seen them, that he was in the presence of grotesque, isolated boulders,
+wide patches of bare, desolate soil, gaunt trees, and profound
+straggling fissures.
+
+Being so long confined in a limited space, although in that space was a
+paradise, he felt the exquisite agony of cramp, and when, after sundry
+attempts to stretch himself, he at length found a position that afforded
+him temporary relief, it was only to become aware of a more refined
+species of torture. The springs of the carriage rising and falling
+regularly, produced a rhythmical beat, which began to painfully absorb
+his attention, and to slowly merge into a senseless echo of one of his
+observations to Mlle de Nurrez. And when he was becoming reconciled to
+this inferno, another forced itself upon him. How quiet the driver was!
+Was there any driver? He couldn't see any. Possibly, nay, probably--why
+not?--the driver was lying gagged and bound on the roadside, and a
+bandit, one of the notorious Spanish bandits, against whom his friends
+in Paris had so emphatically warned him, was on the box driving him to
+his obscure lair in the heart of the mountains. Or was the original
+driver himself a bandit, and the beautiful girl reclining on the
+cushions a bandit's daughter? He dozed, and on coming to his waking
+senses again, discovered that the darkness had slightly lifted. He could
+see the distant horizon, defined by inky woods, outlined on a lighter
+sky. A few stars, scattered here and there in this tableau, whilst
+emphasizing the vastness of the space overhead--a vastness that was
+positively annihilating--at the same time conveyed a sense of solitude
+and loneliness, in perfect harmony with the trees, and rocks, and
+gorges. The effect was only transitory, for with a suddenness almost
+reminding one of stage mechanism, the moon burst through its temporary
+covering of clouds, and in a moment the whole country-side was illumined
+with a soft white glow. It was a warm night, and the breeze that rolled
+down from the mountain peaks, so remote and passionless, was charged to
+overflowing with resinous odours, mingled with which, and just strong
+enough to be recognizable, was the faint, pungent smell of decay. A
+couple of hares, looking somewhat ashamed of themselves, sprang into
+upright positions, and with frightened whisks of their tails disappeared
+into a clump of ferns. With a startled hiss a big snake drew back under
+cover of a boulder, and a hawk, balked of its prey by the sudden
+brilliant metamorphosis, uttered an indignant croak. But none of these
+protests against the moon's innocent behaviour were heeded by Paul
+Nicholas, whose whole attention was riveted on a large sombre building
+standing close by the side of the road. At the first glimpse of the
+place, so huge, grim, and silent, he was seized with a sensation of
+absolute terror. Nothing mortal could surely inhabit such a house. The
+dark, frowning walls and vacant, eye-like windows threw back a thousand
+shadows, and suggested as many eerie fancies--fancies that were
+corroborated by a few rank sedges and two or three white trunks of
+decayed trees that rose up on either side of the building; but of
+life--human life--there was not the barest suspicion.
+
+"What a nightmare of a house!" Paul Nicholas exclaimed, gazing with a
+shudder upon the remodelled and inverted images of the grey sedge, the
+ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant, eye-like windows in a black and
+lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre along the edge of the wood.
+
+"It's where he lives!" Mlle de Nurrez whispered.
+
+"What! do you mean to say that it is to this house you have brought me?"
+Paul shrieked. "To this awful, deserted ghostly mansion! Why have you
+lied to me?"
+
+"I was afraid you wouldn't care to come if I described the place too
+accurately," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Forgive me--and pity me, too, for it
+is here that Prince Dajarah would have me spend my life."
+
+Paul trembled.
+
+"For God's sake, don't desert me!" Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed, laying her
+hand softly on his shoulder. "Think of the terrible fate that will
+befall me! Think of your promises, your vows!"
+
+But Paul Nicholas did not respond all at once. His brain was in a
+whirl. He had been deceived, cruelly deceived! And with what motive? Was
+Mlle de Nurrez's explanation genuine? Could there be anything genuine
+about a girl who told an untruth? Once a liar always a liar! Did not
+that maxim hold good? Was it not one he had heard repeatedly from
+childhood? What should he do? What could he do? He was here, alone with
+this woman and her coachman, in one of the wildest and most outlandish
+regions of Spain. God alone knew where! To attempt to return would be
+hopeless--sheer imbecility; he would most certainly get lost on the
+mountains, and perish from hunger and thirst, or fall over some
+precipice, or into the jaws of a bear; or, at all events, come to some
+kind of an untimely end. No! there was no alternative, he must remain
+and trust in Mlle de Nurrez. But the house was appalling; he did not
+like looking at it, and the bare thought of its interior froze his
+blood. Then he awoke to the fact that she was still addressing him, that
+her soft hands were lying on his, that her beautiful eyes were gazing
+entreatingly at him, that her full ripe lips were within a few inches of
+his own. The moon lent her its glamour, and his old love reasserting
+itself with quick, tempestuous force, he drew her into his arms and
+kissed her repeatedly. Some minutes later and they had crossed the
+threshold of the mansion. All was as he had pictured it--grim and
+hushed, and bathed in moonbeams.
+
+The coachman led the way, and with muffled, stealthy footstep conducted
+them across dark halls and along intricate passages, up long and winding
+staircases--all bare and cold; through vast gloomy rooms, the walls and
+floors of which were of black oak, the former richly carved, and in
+places hung with ancient tapestry, displaying the most grotesque and
+startling devices. The windows, long, narrow, and pointed, with
+trellised panes, were at so great a height from the ground that the
+light was limited, and whilst certain spots were illuminated, many of
+the remoter angles and recesses were left in total darkness. Monsieur
+Paul Nicholas did not attempt to explore. At each step he took he fully
+anticipated a something, too dreadful to imagine, would spring out on
+him. The rustling of drapery and the rattling of phantasmagoric armorial
+trophies, in response to the vibration of their footsteps, made his hair
+stand on end, and he was reduced to a state of the most abject terror
+long before they arrived at their destination.
+
+At last he was ushered into a small, bare, dimly lighted room. From the
+centre of the ceiling was suspended an oil lamp, and immediately under
+it was a marble table. Walls and floor were composed of rough uncovered
+granite. The atmosphere was fetid, and tainted with the same peculiar,
+pungent odour noticeable outside.
+
+"This is the room," Mlle de Nurrez said. "Prince Dajarah will be here in
+a minute. Have you your pistol ready?"
+
+"Yes, see!" and Paul Nicholas pulled it out from his coat-pocket and
+showed it her.
+
+"Have you any other weapons?" she asked, examining it curiously.
+
+"Yes, a sheath-knife," Paul Nicholas replied a trifle nervously.
+
+"Let me look at it," Mlle de Nurrez exclaimed. "I have a weakness for
+knives--a rather uncommon trait in a woman, isn't it?"
+
+He handed it to her, and she fingered the blade cautiously. Then with a
+sudden movement she leaped away from him.
+
+"Fool!" she cried. "Do you think I could ever love a man as fat as you?
+The story I told you was a lie from beginning to end. I don't remember
+either of my parents--my mother ran away from home when I was two, and
+my father died the following year. I married entirely of my own free
+will--married the man I loved, and he--happened to be a werwolf!"
+
+"A werwolf!" Paul Nicholas shrieked. "God help me! I thought there were
+no such things!"
+
+"Not in France, perhaps," Mlle de Nurrez said derisively; "but in Spain,
+in the Pyrenees, many! At certain times of the year my husband won't
+touch animal food, and if I didn't procure him human flesh he would die
+of starvation, or in sheer despair eat me. Here he is."
+
+And as she spoke the door opened, and on the threshold stood a
+singularly handsome young man clad in the gay uniform of a Carlist
+general.
+
+"Capital!" he exclaimed, as his eyes fell on Paul. "Magnificent! He is
+quite as fat as the other two. How clever of you, darling!" and throwing
+his arms round her, he embraced her tenderly. A few seconds later and he
+suddenly thrust her from him.
+
+"Quick! quick!" he cried. "Run away, darling! run away instantly. I can
+feel myself changing!" and he pushed her gently to the door.
+
+Mlle de Nurrez took one glance at Paul as she left the room. "Poor
+fool!" she said, half pityingly, half mockingly. "Poor fat fool! Though
+you may no longer believe in women you will certainly believe in
+werwolves--now." And as the door slammed after her, the wildest of
+shrieks from within demonstrated that, for once in her life, Mlle de
+Nurrez had spoken the truth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS
+
+
+Belgium abounds in stories of werwolves, all more or less of the same
+type. As in France, the werwolf, in Belgium, is not restricted to one
+sex, but is, in an equal proportion, common to both.
+
+By far the greater number of werwolfery cases in this country are to be
+met with amongst the sand-dunes on the sea coast. They also occur in the
+district of the Sambre; but I have never heard of any lycanthropous
+streams or pools in Belgium, nor yet of any wolf-producing flowers, such
+as are, at times, found in the Balkan Peninsula.
+
+Though the property of lycanthropy here as elsewhere has been acquired
+through the invocation of spirits--the ceremony being much the same as
+that described in an earlier chapter--nearly all the cases of werwolfery
+in Belgium are hereditary.
+
+In Belgium, as in other Roman Catholic countries, great faith is
+attached to exorcism, and for the expulsion of every sort of "evil
+spirit" various methods of exorcism are employed. For example, a werwolf
+is sprinkled with a compound either of 1/2 ounce of sulphur, 4 drachms
+of asafoetida, 1/4 ounce of castoreum; or of 3/4 ounce of hypericum in
+3 ounces of vinegar; or with a solution of carbolic acid further diluted
+with a pint of clear spring water. The sprinkling must be done over the
+head and shoulders, and the werwolf must at the same time be addressed
+in his Christian name. But as to the success or non-success of these
+various methods of exorcism I cannot make any positive statement. I have
+neither sufficient evidence to affirm their efficacy nor to deny it. Rye
+and mistletoe are considered safeguards against werwolves, as is also a
+sprig from a mountain ash. This latter tree, by the way, attracts evil
+spirits in some countries--Ireland, India, Spain, for instance--and
+repels them in others. It was held in high esteem, as a preservative
+against phantasms and witches, by the Druids, and it may to this day be
+seen growing, more frequently than any other, in the neighbourhood of
+Druidical circles, both in Great Britain and on the Continent.
+
+In many parts of Belgium the peasantry would not consider their house
+safe unless a mountain ash were growing within a few feet of it.
+
+
+A CASE OF WERWOLVES IN THE ARDENNES
+
+A case of werwolfery is reported to have happened, not so long ago, in
+the Ardennes. A young man, named Bernard Vernand, was returning home one
+night from his work in the fields, when his dog suddenly began to bark
+savagely, whilst its hair stood on end. The next moment there was a
+crackle in the hedge by the roadside, and three trampish-looking men
+slouched out. They looked at Vernand, and, remarking that it was
+beautiful weather, followed closely at his heels.
+
+Vernand noticed that the eyebrows of all three met in a point over their
+noses, a peculiarity which gave them a very singular and unpleasant
+appearance. When he quickened his pace, they quickened theirs; whilst
+his dog still continued to bark and show every indication of excessive
+fear. In this way they all four proceeded till they came to a very dark
+spot in the road, where the trees nearly met overhead. The sound of
+their footsteps then suddenly ceased, and Vernand, peeping stealthily
+round, perceived to his horror lurid eyes--that were not the eyes of
+human beings--glaring after him. His dog took to its heels and fled,
+and, ignominious though he felt it to be, Vernand followed suit. The
+next moment there was a chorus of piercing whines, and a loud pattering
+of heavy feet announced the fact that he was pursued.
+
+Fortunately Vernand was a fast runner--he had carried off many prizes in
+races at the village fair--and now that he was running for his life, he
+went like the wind.
+
+But his pursuers were fleet of foot, too, and, despite his pace, they
+gradually gained on him. Happily for Vernand, he retained a certain
+amount of presence of mind, and possessing rather more wit than many of
+the peasants, he suddenly bethought him of a possible avenue of escape.
+In a conversation with the pastor of the village some months before, the
+latter had told him how an old woman had once escaped from a wode[215:1]
+by climbing up a mountain ash. And if, reasoned Vernand, the ash is a
+protection against one form of evil spirits, why not against another? He
+recollected that there was an ash-tree close at hand, and diverting his
+course, he instantly headed for it. Not a moment too soon. As he swarmed
+up the slender trunk, his pursuers--three monstrous werwolves--came to a
+dead halt at the foot of the tree. However, after giving vent to the
+disappointment of losing their supper in a series of prodigious howls,
+they veered round and bounded off, doubtless in pursuit of a less
+knowing prey.
+
+
+A SIMILAR CASE NEAR WATERLOO
+
+A similar case once happened to a young man when returning from Quatre
+Bras to Waterloo. He was attacked by three werwolves and saved himself
+by leaping into a rye-field.
+
+
+A CASE ON THE SAND-DUNES
+
+The following story of werwolfery is of traditional authenticity only:--
+
+Von Grumboldt, a young man of good appearance, and his sweetheart, Nina
+Gosset, were out walking together one evening on the sand-dunes near
+Nina's home, when Von Grumboldt uttered an exclamation of astonishment,
+and bending down, picked up something which he excitedly showed to Nina.
+It was a girdle composed of dark, plaited hair fastened with a plain
+gold buckle. To the young man's surprise Nina shrank away from it.
+
+"Oh!" she cried, "don't touch it! I don't know why--but it gives me such
+a horrid impression. I'm sure there is an unpleasant history attached to
+it."
+
+"Pooh!" Von Grumboldt said laughingly; "that's only your fancy. I think
+it would look remarkably well round your waist," and he made pretence
+to encircle her with it.
+
+Nina, turning very white, fainted, and Von Grumboldt, who was really
+very much in love with her, was greatly alarmed. He ran to a brook,
+fetched some water, and sprinkled her forehead with it. To his intense
+relief his sweetheart soon came to. As soon as she could speak she
+implored him, as he valued her life, on no account to touch her with the
+girdle. To this request Von Grumboldt readily assented, and whistling to
+his dog--a big collie--in spite of Nina's protests and the animal's
+frantic struggles, he playfully fastened the belt round the creature's
+body. Then turning to Nina he began: "Doesn't Nippo (that was the
+collie's name) look fine----" and suddenly left off. The expression in
+Nina's eyes made his blood run cold.
+
+"For Heaven's sake," he cried, "what is it? What's the matter?"
+
+White as death again, Nina pointed a finger, and Von Grumboldt, looking
+in the direction she indicated, saw--not Nippo, but an awful-looking
+thing in Nippo's place--a big black object, partly dog and partly some
+other animal, that grew and grew until, within a few seconds, it had
+grown to at least thrice Nippo's size. With a hideous howl it rushed at
+Von Grumboldt. The latter, though a strong athletic young man, was
+speedily overcome, and being dashed to the ground, would soon have been
+torn to pieces had not Nina, recovering from a temporary helplessness,
+come to the rescue.
+
+Catching hold of the girdle round the creature's body, she unclasped the
+buckle, and in a trice the evil thing had vanished; and there was Nippo,
+his own self, standing before them.
+
+"It is a werwolf belt!" Nina exclaimed, throwing it away from her. "You
+see, I was right; it is devilish, and no doubt belongs to some one near
+here who practises Black Magic--Mad Valerie, perhaps. This cross that I
+wear round my neck, which is made of yew, no doubt warned me of this
+danger and so saved me from an awful fate. You smile!--but I am certain
+of it. The yew-tree is just as efficacious in the case of evil spirits
+as the ash!"
+
+"What shall we do with the beastly thing?" Von Grumboldt asked. "It
+doesn't seem right to leave it here, in case some one else, with less
+sense than you, should find it and a dreadful catastrophe result."
+
+"We must burn it," Nina said. "That's the only way of getting rid of the
+evil influence. Let us do so at once."
+
+Von Grumboldt was nothing loath, and in a few minutes all that remained
+of the lycanthropous girdle was a tiny heap of ashes.
+
+To burn the object to which the lycanthropous property is attached is
+the only recognized method of destroying that property. I have had many
+proofs, too, of the efficacy of burning in the case of superphysical
+influences other than lycanthropy; such, for example, as haunted
+furniture, trees, and buildings; and I am quite sure the one and only
+way to get rid of an occult presence attached to any particular object
+is to burn that object.
+
+I have been told of "burning" having been successfully practised in the
+following cases:--
+
+     _Case No. 1._--A barrow in the North of England that had long
+     been haunted by a Barrowian order of Elemental. (The barrow
+     was excavated, and when the remains therein had been burnt,
+     the hauntings ceased.)
+
+     _Case No. 2._--A cave in Wales haunted by the phantasm of a
+     horse, though, whether the real spirit of the horse or merely
+     an Elemental I cannot say. (On the soil in the cave being
+     excavated, and the several skeletons, presumably of
+     prehistoric animals, found being burnt, there were no longer
+     any disturbances.)
+
+     _Case No. 3._--A house in London containing an oak chest,
+     attached to which was the phantasm of an old woman, who used
+     to disturb the inmates of the place nightly. (On the chest
+     being burnt she was seen no more.)
+
+     _Case No. 4._--A tree in Ireland, haunted every night by a
+     Vagrarian. (Immediately after the tree had been burnt the
+     manifestations ceased.)
+
+Burial is a great mistake. As long as a single bone remains, the spirit
+of the dead person may still be attracted to it, and consequently remain
+earthbound; but when the corpse is cremated, and the ashes scattered
+abroad, then the spirit is set free. And, for this reason alone, I
+advocate cremation as the best method possible of dealing with a corpse.
+
+Before concluding this chapter on the werwolf in Belgium, let me add
+that werwolfery was not the only form of lycanthropy in that country.
+According to Grimm, in his "Deutsche Sagen," two warlocks who were
+executed in the year 1810 at Liege for having, under the form of
+werwolves, killed and eaten several children, had as their colleague a
+boy of twelve years of age. The boy, in the form of a raven, consumed
+those portions of the prey which the warlocks left.
+
+
+WERWOLVES IN THE NETHERLANDS
+
+Cases of werwolves are of less frequent occurrence in Holland than in
+either France or Belgium. Also, they are almost entirely restricted to
+the male sex.
+
+Exorcism here is seldom practised, the working of a spell being the
+usual means employed for getting rid of the evil property. The procedure
+in working the spell is as follows:--
+
+First of all, a night when the moon is in the full is selected. Then at
+twelve o'clock the werwolf is seized, securely bound, and taken to an
+isolated spot. Here, a circle of about seven feet in diameter is
+carefully inscribed on the ground, and in the exact centre of it the
+werwolf is placed, and so fastened that he cannot possibly get away.
+Then three girls--always girls--come forward armed with ash twigs with
+which they flog him most unmercifully, calling out as they do so:--
+
+     "Greywolf ugly, greywolf old,
+      Do at once as you are told.
+      Leave this man and fly away--
+      Right away, far away,
+      Where 'tis night and never day."
+
+They keep on repeating these words and whipping him; and it is not until
+the face, back, and limbs of the werwolf are covered with blood that
+they desist.
+
+The oldest person present then comes forward and gives the werwolf a
+hearty kick, saying as he (or she) does so:--
+
+     "Go, fly, away to the sky;
+      Devil of greywolf, thee we defy.
+      Out, out, with a howl and yell,
+      'Twill carry thee faster and surer to hell."
+
+Every one present then dips a cup or mug in a concoction of sulphur,
+tar, vinegar, and castoreum, just removed from boiling-point, and,
+forming a circle round the werwolf, they souse him all over with this
+unpleasant and painfully hot mixture, calling out as they do so:--
+
+          "Away, away, shoo, shoo, shoo!
+           Do you think we care a jot for you?
+     We'll whip thee again, with a crack, crack, crack!
+     Scourge thee and beat thee till thou art black;
+     Fool of a greywolf, we have thee at last,
+     Back to thy hell home, out of him fast--
+               Fast, fast, fast!
+           Our patience won't last.
+         We'll scratch thee, we'll prick thee,
+         We'll prod thee, we'll scald thee.
+           Fast, fast, out of him, fast!"
+
+They keep on shouting these words over and over again till the liquid
+has given out and the clock strikes one; when, with a final blow or kick
+at the prostrate werwolf, they run away.
+
+The evil spirit is then said to leave the man, who quickly recovers his
+proper shape, and with a loud cry of joy rushes after his friends and
+relations.
+
+When the Spaniards invaded Holland they resorted to a surer, if a
+somewhat more drastic, mode of getting rid of lycanthropy--they burned
+the subject possessed of it.
+
+One of the best known cases of a werwolf in the Netherlands is as
+follows:--
+
+A young man, whilst on his way to a shooting match at Rousse, was
+suddenly startled by hearing loud screams for help proceeding from a
+field a few yards distant. To jump a dike and scramble over a low wall
+was but the work of a few seconds, and in less time than it takes to
+tell, the young man, whose name was Van Renner, found himself face to
+face with a huge grey wolf. Quick as thought, he fitted an arrow to his
+bow, and shot. The missile struck the wolf in the side, and with a howl
+of pain the wounded creature turned tail and fled for his life.
+
+All might now have ended like some delightful romance, for the rescued
+one proved to be an exceedingly attractive maiden, with bright yellow
+hair and big blue eyes; but unfortunately--or perhaps fortunately, who
+knows?--the girl had a husband, and Van Renner a wife; and so, instead
+of the incident being the prelude to a love affair, it was merely an
+occasion for grateful acknowledgment--and--farewell. On his return home
+that evening Van Renner was met with an urgent request to visit his
+friend, the Burgomaster. He hastened to obey the summons, and found the
+Burgomaster in bed, suffering agonies of pain from a wound which he had
+received in his side some hours previously.
+
+"I can't die without telling you," he whispered, clutching Van Renner by
+the hand. "God help me, I'm a werwolf! I've always been one. It's in my
+family--it's hereditary. It was your arrow that has wounded me fatally."
+
+Van Renner was too aghast to speak. He was really fond of the
+Burgomaster, and to think of him a werwolf--well! it was too dreadful to
+contemplate. The dying man gazed eagerly, hungrily, piteously into his
+friend's face.
+
+"Don't say you hate me," he cried. "There is little hope for me, if any,
+in the next world; and in all probability I shall either go direct to
+hell or remain earthbound; but, for God's sake, let me die in the
+knowledge that I leave behind me at least one friend!"
+
+Van Renner tried hard to speak; he made every effort to speak; his lungs
+swelled, his tongue wobbled, the muscles of his lips twitched; but not a
+syllable could he utter--and the Burgomaster died.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[215:1] A phantom horseman, that goes hunting on certain nights in the
+year, accompanied by phantom dogs. The author has witnessed the
+phenomenon himself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+THE WERWOLVES AND MARAS OF DENMARK
+
+
+Since so much has already been written upon the subject of werwolves in
+Denmark, it is my intention only to touch upon it briefly. It is, I
+believe, generally acknowledged that, at one time, werwolves were to be
+met with almost daily in Denmark, and that they were almost always of
+the male sex; but I can find no records of any particular form of
+exorcism practised by the Danes with the object of getting rid of the
+werwolf, nor of any spell used by them for the same purpose; neither
+does there appear to be, amongst their traditions, any reference to a
+lycanthropous flower or stream. Opinions differ as to whether werwolves
+are yet to be found in Denmark, but, from all I have heard, I am
+inclined to think that they still exist in the more remote districts of
+that country.
+
+The following case may be regarded as illustrative of a typical Danish
+werwolf:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF PETER ANDERSEN, WERWOLF
+
+Peter Andersen, who was a werwolf by descent, his ancestors having been
+werwolves for countless generations, fell in love with a beautiful young
+girl named Elisa, and without telling her he was a werwolf, for fear
+that she would give him up, married her.
+
+Shortly after his marriage, he was returning home one evening with Elisa
+from a neighbouring fair, where there had been much merrymaking, when,
+suddenly feeling that the metamorphosis was coming on, he got down from
+the cart in which they were driving, and said to his wife, very
+earnestly, "If anything comes towards you, do not be afraid, and do not
+hurt it; merely strike it with your apron." He then ran off at a great
+rate into the fields, leaving Elisa very much surprised and impressed. A
+few minutes afterwards she heard the howl of a wild animal, and, while
+she was holding in the horse and endeavouring to pacify it, a huge grey
+wolf suddenly leaped into the road and sprang at her.
+
+Recollecting what her husband had told her, with wonderful presence of
+mind she whipped off her apron and struck the wolf in the face with it.
+The animal tore at the apron, and biting a piece out of it, turned tail
+and ran away. Some time afterwards Andersen returned, and holding out to
+Elisa the missing piece of her apron, asked if she guessed how he came
+by it.
+
+"Good God, man!" Elisa cried, the pupils of her eyes dilating with
+terror, "it was you! I know it by the expression in your face. Heaven
+preserve me! You're a werwolf!"
+
+"I was a werwolf," Peter said, "but thanks to your brave action in
+throwing the apron in my face, I am one no longer. I know I did wrong in
+not telling you of my misfortune before we were married, but I dreaded
+the idea of losing you. Forgive me, forgive me, I implore you!" and
+Elisa, after some slight hesitation, granted his request.
+
+This method of getting rid of the lycanthropous spirit seems to have
+been (and still to be) the one most in vogue in Denmark.
+
+Another well-known story, of a similar kind, is to the effect that while
+a party of haymakers were at work in a field, a man, who, like Andersen,
+had kept the fact of his being a werwolf from his family, feeling that
+he was about to be transmuted, gave his son injunctions that if an
+animal approached him he was on no account to hurt it, but merely to
+throw his hat at it. The boy promising to obey, the father hastily left
+the field. Some minutes later a grey wolf appeared, swimming a stream.
+It rushed at the boy, who, mad with terror, forgot his father's
+instructions, and struck at it with a pitchfork.
+
+The prongs of the fork, entering the wolf's side, pierced its heart; and
+transmutation again taking place, to the horror of all present there lay
+on the ground, not the body of a beast, but the corpse of the boy's
+father.
+
+In Denmark it is said that if a woman stretches between four sticks the
+membrane of a newly born foal, and creeps through it naked, she will
+bring forth children without pain, but all the boys will be werwolves
+and the girls maras.
+
+As is the case with the werwolf of other countries, the Danish werwolf
+retains its human form by day; but after sunset, unlike the werwolf of
+any other nationality, it sometimes adopts the shape of a dog on three
+legs before it finally metamorphoses into a wolf.
+
+In addition to these methods (alluded to above) of expelling a
+lycanthropous spirit in Denmark, there may be added that of addressing
+the obsessed person as a werwolf and reproaching him roundly. But as I
+have no proof of the effectiveness of this crude mode of exorcism, I
+cannot commit myself to any verdict with regard to it.
+
+
+MARAS
+
+The mara, to which I have briefly alluded in a foregoing chapter, is to
+be met with in Denmark almost as often as the werwolf; and the
+superphysical property, characteristic of the mara no less than of the
+werwolf, justifies me in a somewhat detailed description of the former
+here.
+
+A mara is popularly understood to be a woman by day and at night a
+spirit that torments human beings and horses by sitting astride them and
+causing them nightmare.
+
+In the main I agree with this definition; though I am inclined to think
+that the mara is, in reality, less hoydenish and more subtle and complex
+than public opinion would have us believe. In all probability maras are
+women who have either inherited or, by the practice of Black Magic,
+acquired the faculty of a certain species of projection--differing from
+the projection which is common to both sexes in the following points,
+viz., that it can always be accomplished (during certain hours) at will;
+that it is invariably practised with the sole desire to do ill; that the
+projected spirit is fully conscious of all that is happening around it;
+and that it possesses most--if not all--of the faculties, motives, and
+nervous susceptibilities of the physical body.
+
+Whatever may be the character of the mara by day, she is essentially
+mischievous by night--owing, no doubt, to the fact that this faculty of
+projection has come to her through the occult powers inimical to man.
+
+From the complexity of their nature, maras present the same difficulty
+of classification as werwolves--both are human, both are Elemental, and
+consequently both are an anomaly.
+
+The belief in maras is still prevalent in all parts of Scandinavia,
+including Jutland, whence comes the following case which I quote for the
+purpose of comparison.
+
+
+A CASE OF A MARA IN JUTLAND
+
+Some reapers in a field, near a village in Jutland, came one evening
+upon a naked woman lying under a hedge, apparently asleep. Much
+surprised, they regarded her closely, and at length coming to the
+conclusion that her sleep was not natural, they summoned a shepherd who
+was generally regarded as very intelligent. On seeing the woman the
+shepherd at once said, "She is not a real person, though she looks like
+one. She is a mara, and has stripped for the purpose of riding some one
+to-night." At this there was loud laughter, and the reapers said, "Tell
+us another, Eric. A mara indeed! If this isn't a woman, our mothers are
+not women, for she is just as much of flesh and blood as they are."
+"All right," the shepherd replied, "wait and see." And bending over her,
+he whispered something in her ear, whereupon a queer little animal about
+two inches long came out of the grass, and running up her body,
+disappeared in her mouth. Then Eric pushed her, and she rolled over
+three times, then sprang to her feet, and with a wild startled cry
+leaped a high bush and disappeared. Nor could they, when they ran to the
+other side of the bush, find any traces of her.
+
+Another recorded case is the following:
+
+
+THE MARA OF VILVORDE
+
+Christine Jansen had two lovers--Nielsen and Osdeven. Nielsen, who was a
+very good-looking young man, began to suffer from nightmare. He had the
+most appalling dreams of being strangled and suffocated, and they at
+last grew so frightful, and proved such a strain on his nerves, that he
+was forced to consult a doctor. The doctor attributed the cause to
+indigestion, and prescribed a special diet for him. But it was all of no
+avail; the bad dreams still continued, and Nielsen's health became more
+and more impaired.
+
+At length, when he was almost worn out, having spent the greater part of
+many nights reading instead of sleeping, in order to avoid the
+frightful visions, he happened to mention his insufferable condition to
+Osdeven. Far from ridiculing his rival, Osdeven, with great earnestness,
+encouraged him to relate everything that had happened to him in his
+sleep; and when Nielsen had done so, exclaimed, "I'll tell you what it
+is--these dreams you have are not ordinary nightmares; they are due to a
+mara--I know their type well."
+
+"To a mara!" Nielsen cried; "how ridiculous! Why not say to a
+mise--or--grim? It would be equally sensible; they are all idle
+superstitions."
+
+"So you say now," Osdeven rejoined, "but wait! When you get into bed
+to-night, lie on your back, and in your right hand hold a sharp knife on
+your breast, the point upwards. Remain in this attitude from between
+eleven o'clock till two, and see what happens."
+
+Nielsen laughed, but all the same decided to do as Osdeven suggested.
+Night came, and, knife in hand, he lay in his bed.
+
+Minutes passed, and nothing happening, he was beginning to think what a
+fool he was for wasting his time thus, when suddenly he perceived
+bending over him the luminous figure of a beautiful nude woman, whom, to
+his utter astonishment, he identified as Christine Jansen--Christine
+Jansen in all but expression. The expression in the eyes he now looked
+into was not human--it was hellish. The figure got on the bed and was
+in the act of sitting astride him, when it came in contact with the
+knife. Then it uttered a frightful scream of baffled rage and pain, and
+vanished.
+
+Nielsen, shaking with terror and dreading another visitation, struck a
+light. The point of his knife was dripping with blood.
+
+An hour later, overcome with weariness, he fell asleep, and for the
+first time for weeks his slumber was sound and undisturbed. Awaking in
+the morning much refreshed, he would have attributed his experience to
+imagination or to a dream, had it not been for the spots of blood on the
+bedclothes and the stains on his knife, and this evidence, as to the
+reality of what had happened, was strengthened by his discovery of
+certain circumstances in connexion with Miss Jansen, towards whom his
+sentiments had now undergone a complete change.
+
+Curious to learn if anything had befallen her, he made cautious
+inquiries, and was informed that owing to a sudden indisposition--the
+nature of which was carefully hidden from him--she had been ordered
+abroad, where, in all probability, she would remain indefinitely.
+
+Nielsen now had no more nightmare, and he and Osdeven, becoming firm
+friends, agreed that the next time they fell in love they would take
+good care it was not with a mara.
+
+Another method of getting rid of maras was to sprinkle the air with
+sand, at the same time uttering a brief incantation. For example, in a
+village on the borders of Schleswig-Holstein, a woman who suffered
+agonies from nightmare consulted a man locally reported to be well
+versed in occult matters.
+
+"Make your mind easy," said this man, after she had described her dreams
+to him; "I will soon put an end to your disturbances. It is a mara that
+is tormenting you. Don't be frightened if she suddenly manifests herself
+when I sprinkle this sand, for there will be nothing very alarming in
+her appearance, and she won't be able to harm you." He then proceeded to
+scatter several handfuls about the room, repeating as he did so a brief
+incantation.
+
+He was still occupied thus, when, without a moment's warning, the figure
+of a very tall, naked woman appeared crouching on the bed. With a yell
+of rage she leaped on to the floor, her eyes flashing, and her lips
+twitching convulsively; and raising her hands as if she would like to
+scratch the incantator's face to pieces, she rushed furiously at him.
+
+Far from being intimidated, however, he quite coolly dashed a handful of
+sand in her eyes, whereupon she instantly disappeared. "Now," he said,
+turning to the lady, who was half dead with terror, "you won't have the
+nightmare again"--which prophecy proved to be correct.
+
+These instances will, I think, suffice to show the similarity between
+werwolves and maras. Both anomalies are dependent on properties of an
+entirely baneful nature; and both properties are either hereditary,
+having been established in families through the intercourse of those
+families in ages past with the superphysical Powers inimical to man; or
+are capable of being acquired through the practice of Black Magic.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+WERWOLVES IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN
+
+
+As in Denmark, werwolves were once so numerous in Norway and Sweden,
+that these countries naturally came to be regarded as the true home of
+lycanthropy.
+
+With the advent of the tourist, however, and the consequent springing up
+of fresh villages, together with the gradual increase of native
+population, Norway and Sweden have slowly undergone a metamorphosis,
+with the result that it is now only in the most remote districts, such
+as the northern portion of the Kiolen Mountains and the borders of
+Lapland, that werwolves are to be found.
+
+Here, amid the primitive solitude of vast pine forests, flow
+lycanthropous rivers; here, too, grow lycanthropous shrubs and flowers.
+
+Werwolfery in Norway and Sweden is not confined to one sex; it is common
+to both; and in these countries various forms of spells, both for
+invoking and expelling lycanthropous spirits, are current.
+
+As far as I can gather, a Norwegian or Swedish peasant, when he wishes
+to become a werwolf, kneels by the side of a lycanthropous stream at
+midnight, having chosen a night when the moon is in the full, and
+incants some such words as these:--
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the moon shines white
+        Over pine and snow-capped hill;
+      The shadows stray through burn and brae
+        And dance in the sparkling rill.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the devil's light
+        Casts glimmering beams around.
+      The maras dance, the nisses prance
+        On the flower-enamelled ground.
+
+     "'Tis night! 'tis night! and the werwolf's might
+        Makes man and nature shiver.
+      Yet its fierce grey head and stealthy tread
+        Are nought to thee, oh river!
+            River, river, river.
+
+     "Oh water strong, that swirls along,
+        I prithee a werwolf make me.
+      Of all things dear, my soul, I swear,
+        In death shall not forsake thee."
+
+The supplicant then strikes the banks of the river three times with his
+forehead; then dips his head into the river thrice, at each dip gulping
+down a mouthful of the water. This concludes the ceremony--he has
+become a werwolf, and twenty-four hours later will undergo the first
+metamorphosis.
+
+Lycanthropous water is said, by those who dwell near to it, to differ
+from other water in subtle details only--details that would, in all
+probability, escape the notice of all who were not connoisseurs of the
+superphysical. A strange, faint odour, comparable with nothing,
+distinguishes lycanthropous water; there is a lurid sparkle in it,
+strongly suggestive of some peculiar, individual life; the noise it
+makes, as it rushes along, so closely resembles the muttering and
+whispering of human voices as to be often mistaken for them; whilst at
+night it sometimes utters piercing screams, and howls, and groans, in
+such a manner as to terrify all who pass near it. Dogs and horses, in
+particular, are susceptible to its influence, and they exhibit the
+greatest signs of terror at the mere sound of it.
+
+Another means of becoming a werwolf, resorted to by the Swedish and
+Norwegian peasant, consists in the plucking and wearing of a
+lycanthropous flower after sunset, and on a night when the moon is in
+the full. Lycanthropous flowers, no less than lycanthropous water,
+possess properties peculiar to themselves; properties which are,
+probably, only discernible to those who are well acquainted with them.
+Their scent is described as faint and subtly suggestive of death, whilst
+their sap is rather offensively white and sticky. In appearance they are
+much the same as other flowers, and are usually white and yellow.
+
+Yet another method of acquiring the property of lycanthropy consists in
+making: first, a magic circle on the ground, at twelve o'clock, on a
+night when the moon is in the full (there is no strict rule as to the
+magnitude of the circle, though one of about seven feet in diameter
+would seem to be the size most commonly adopted); then, in the centre of
+the circle, a wood fire, heating thereon an iron vessel containing one
+pint of clear spring water, and any seven of the following ingredients:
+hemlock (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), aloe (30 grains), opium (2 to 4-1/2
+drachms), mandrake (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces), solanum (1/2 ounce), poppy
+seed (1/2 ounce to 1 ounce), asafoetida (3/4 ounce to 1 ounce), and
+parsley (2 to 3 ounces).
+
+Whilst the mixture is heating, the experimenter prostrates himself in
+front of the fire and prays to the Great Spirit of the Unknown to confer
+on him the property of metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a werwolf. His
+prayers take no one particular form, but are quite extempore; though he
+usually adds to them some such recognised incantation as:--
+
+     "Come, spirit so powerful! come, spirit so dread,
+      From the home of the werwolf, the home of the dead.
+      Come, give me thy blessing! come, lend me thine ear!
+      Oh spirit of darkness! oh spirit so drear!
+
+     "Come, mighty phantom! come, great Unknown!
+      Come from thy dwelling so gloomy and lone.
+      Come, I beseech thee; depart from thy lair,
+      And body and soul shall be thine, I declare.
+
+     "Haste, haste, haste, horrid spirit, haste!
+      Speed, speed, speed, scaring spirit, speed!
+      Fast, fast, fast, fateful spirit, fast!"
+
+He then makes the following formal declaration:--
+
+"I (here insert name) offer to thee, Great Spirit of the Unknown, this
+night (here insert date), my body and soul, on condition that thou
+grantest me, from this night to the hour of my death, the power of
+metamorphosing, nocturnally, into a wolf. I beg, I pray, I implore
+thee--thee, unparalleled Phantom of Darkness, to make me a werwolf--a
+werwolf!"--and striking the ground three times with his forehead, he
+gets up. As soon as the concoction in the vessel is boiling, he dips a
+cup into it, and sprinkles the contents on the ground, repeating the
+action until he has sprinkled the whole interior of the circle.
+
+Then he kneels on the ground close to the fire, and in a loud voice
+cries out, "Come, oh come!" and, if he is fortunate, a phantom suddenly
+manifests itself over the fire. Sometimes the phantom is indefinite--a
+cylindrical, luminous, pillar-like thing, about seven feet in height,
+having no discernible features; sometimes it assumes a definite shape,
+and appears either as a monstrous hooded figure with a death's head, or
+as a sub-human, sub-animal type of Elemental.
+
+Whatever form the Unknown adopts, it is invariably terrifying. It never
+speaks, but indicates its assent by stretching out an arm, or what
+serves as an arm, and then disappears. It never remains visible for more
+than half a minute. As soon as it vanishes the supplicant, who is always
+half mad with terror, springs from the ground and rushes home--or
+anywhere to get again within reach of human beings. By the morning,
+however, all his fears have departed; and at sunset he creeps off into
+the forest, or into some equally secluded spot, to experience, for the
+first time, the extraordinary sensations of metamorphosing into a wolf,
+or, perhaps, a semi-wolf, _i.e._, a creature half man and half wolf; for
+the degree of metamorphosis varies according to locality. The hour of
+metamorphosis also varies according to locality--though it is at sunset
+that the change most usually takes place, the transmutation back to man
+generally occurring at dawn.
+
+When a werwolf, in human shape at the time, is killed, he sometimes
+(not always) metamorphoses into a wolf, and if in wolf's form at the
+time he is killed he sometimes (not always) metamorphoses into a human
+being--here again the nature of the transmutation depending on locality.
+
+In certain of the forests of Sweden dwell old women called Vargamors,
+who are closely allied to werwolves, and exercise complete control over
+all the wolves in the neighbourhood, keeping the latter well supplied in
+food. As an illustration of the Vargamor I have chosen the following
+story:--
+
+
+LISO OF SOROA
+
+Liso was thoroughly spoilt. Every one had told her how beautiful she was
+from the day she had first learned to walk, and, consequently, it was
+only natural that when she grew up she cared for no one but herself, and
+for nothing so much as gazing at herself in the looking-glass and
+expatiating on the loveliness of her own reflection. As a girl at home
+she was allowed to do precisely what she liked--neither father nor
+mother, relatives (with one exception) nor friends ever thwarted her;
+and when she married it was the same: her husband bowed down to her, and
+was always ready to indulge her every wish and whim.
+
+She had three children, two boys and a girl, whom she occasionally
+condescended to notice; but only when there was nothing else at hand to
+entertain her.
+
+The one person of whom Liso stood in awe was her aunt, a rich old lady
+with distinct views of her own, and a vigorous method of expressing
+them. Now, one of the old lady's peculiar ideas--at least peculiar in
+Liso's estimation--was that woman was made to be man's helpmate, and
+that married women should think of their husbands first, their children
+next, and themselves last--an order of consideration which Liso thought
+was exactly the reverse of what it should be.
+
+Had her aunt been poor, it is quite certain that Liso would have had
+nothing whatsoever to do with her. But circumstances alter cases. This
+aunt was rich, and, moreover, had no one more nearly related to her than
+Liso.
+
+One day, in the depth of winter, Liso received a letter from her aunt
+containing a pressing invitation to start off at once on a visit to the
+latter at Skatea, a small town some twelve miles from Soroa. "Bring your
+children," so the letter ran, "I should so love to see them, and stay
+the night." Liso was greatly annoyed. She had just arranged a meeting
+with one of her numerous lovers, and this invitation upset everything.
+However, as it was of vital importance to her to keep in with her aunt,
+she at once decided to put off her previous engagement and take her
+children to see their rich old relative.
+
+Hoping that her lover might perhaps join her on the road and thus
+convert a boring journey into a pleasant pastime, Liso, in spite of her
+husband's entreaties, refused to take a servant, and insisted upon
+driving herself. As she had anticipated, her lover met her on the
+outskirts of the town, but, to her chagrin, was unable to accompany her
+any part of the way to Skatea. He was most profuse in his apologies,
+adding, "I wish you weren't going; I hear the road you will be
+traversing is infested with bears and wolves."
+
+"Thank you!" she exclaimed mockingly, "I am not afraid, if you are. I
+can quite understand now why you cannot come. Good-bye!" And with a
+haughty inclination of her head she drove off, without deigning to
+notice the young man's outstretched hand. Liso was now in a very bad
+temper; and, having no other means of venting it, savagely silenced the
+children whenever they attempted to speak.
+
+The vehicle in which the party travelled was a light sledge, drawn by
+one horse only--a beast of matchless beauty and size, which, under
+ordinary circumstances, could cover twelve miles in an almost
+inconceivably short space of time. But now, owing to a heavy fall of
+snow, the track, though well beaten, was heavy, and the piled-up snow
+on each side so deep that to turn back, without the risk of sticking
+fast, was an impossibility.
+
+The first half of the journey passed without accident, and they were
+skirting the borders of a pine forest when Liso suddenly became
+conscious of a suspicious noise behind her. Looking round, she saw, to
+her horror, a troop of gaunt grey wolves issue from the forest and
+commence running after the sledge. She instantly slashed the horse with
+her whip, and the next moment the chase began in grim earnest. But,
+gallop as fast as it would, the horse could not outpace the wolves, whom
+hunger had made fleet as the wind, and it was not many minutes before
+two of the biggest of them appeared on either side of the vehicle.
+Though their intention was, in all probability, only to attack the
+horse, yet the safety both of Liso and the children depended on the
+preservation of the animal.
+
+It was indeed a beautiful creature, and the danger only enhanced its
+value; it seemed, in fact, almost entitled to claim for its preservation
+an extraordinary sacrifice. And Liso did not hesitate. It was one life
+against three--the world would excuse her, if God did not.
+
+"You, Charles," she said hoarsely, "you are the eldest; it is your duty
+to go first"--and before Charles had time to realize what was
+happening, she had gripped him round the waist, and with strength
+generated by the crisis hurled him into the snow. She did not see where
+he fell--the sledge was moving far too fast for that; but she heard the
+sound of the concussion, and then frantic screaming, accompanied by
+howls of triumph and joyful yapping. There was a momentary lull--only
+momentary--and then the patting footsteps recommenced.
+
+Nearer and nearer they came, until she could hear a deep and regular
+pant, pant, pant, drowned every now and then by prolonged howls and
+piercing, nerve-racking whines. Once again two murder-breathing forms
+are racing along at the side of the sledge, biting and snapping at the
+horse's legs with their gleaming, foam-flecked jaws.
+
+"George," Liso shouted, "you must go now. You are a boy, and boys and
+men should always die to save their sisters." But George, though
+younger, was not so easy to dispose of as Charles. Charles had been
+taken unawares, but George guessed what was coming and was on his guard.
+
+"No, no," he cried, clinging on to the sledge with both his chubby
+hands. "The wolves will eat me! Take sissy."
+
+"Wretch!" shrieked Liso, boxing his ears furiously. "Selfish little
+wretch! So this is the result of all the kindness I have lavished on
+you. Let go at once"--and tearing at his baby wrists with all her
+might, she succeeded in loosening them, and the next instant he was in
+the road.
+
+Then there was a repetition of what had happened before--a few wild
+screeches, savage howls of triumph, and snarls and grunts that suggested
+much. Then--comparative quiet, and then--patterings. Mad with fear, Liso
+stood up and lashed the horse. God of mercy! there was now only one more
+life between hers and the fate that, of all fates in the world, seemed
+to her just then to be the most dreadful. With the thick and gloomy
+forest before and behind her, and the nearer and nearer trampling of her
+ravenous pursuers, she almost collapsed from sheer anguish; but the
+thought of all her beauty perishing in such an ignominious and painful
+fashion braced her up. Perhaps, too--at least, let us hope
+so--underlying it all, though so much in the background, there was a
+genuine longing to save the little mite--her exact counterpart, so
+people said--that nestled its sunny head in the folds of her soft and
+costly sealskin coat.
+
+She did not venture to look behind her, only in front--at the seemingly
+never-ending white track; at the dense mass of trees--trees that shook
+their heads mockingly at her as the wind rustled through them; at the
+great splash of red right across the sky, so horribly remindful of
+blood that she shuddered. Night birds hoot; wild cats glare down at her;
+and shadows of every kind glide noiselessly out from behind the great
+trunks, and await her approach with inexplicable flickerings and
+flutterings.
+
+All at once two rough paws are laid on her shoulders, and the wide-open,
+bloody jaws of an enormous wolf hang over her head. It is the most
+ferocious beast of the troop, which, having partly missed its leap at
+the sledge, is dragged along with it, in vain seeking with its hinder
+legs for a resting-place to enable it to get wholly on to the frail
+vehicle. Liso looks down at the little girl beside her and their eyes
+meet.
+
+"Not me! not me!" the tiny one cried, clutching hold of her wrist in its
+anxiety. "I have been good, have I not? You will not throw me into the
+snow like the others?" Liso's lips tightened. The weight of the body of
+the wolf drew her gradually backwards--another minute and she would be
+out of the sledge. Her life was of assuredly more value than that of the
+child. Besides, one so young would not feel the horrors of death so
+acutely as she would, who was grown up. Anything rather than such a
+devilish ending. Providence willed it--Providence must bear the
+responsibility. And, steeling her soul to pity, she snatches up her
+daughter and throws her into the gleaming jaws of the wolf, which,
+springing off the sledge, hastily departs with its prey into the forest,
+where it is followed by hosts of other wolves. Exhausted, stunned,
+senseless--for her escape has been extremely narrow--Liso drops the
+reins, and, sinking back into the luxurious cushions of the vehicle,
+gives a great sigh of relief and shuts her eyes.
+
+Meantime the trees grow thinner, and an isolated house, to which a
+side-road leads, appears at no great distance off. The horse, left to
+itself, follows this new path; it enters through an open gate, and,
+panting and foaming, comes to a dead halt before a ponderous oak door
+studded with huge iron nails. Presently Liso recovers. She finds herself
+seated before a roaring fire; and a woman with a white face, dark,
+piercing eyes, and a beak-like nose, is bending over her. The woman
+presents such an extraordinary spectacle that Liso is oblivious of
+everything else, and gazes at her with a cold sensation of fear creeping
+down her spine.
+
+"You've had a narrow escape," the woman presently exclaims in peculiarly
+hoarse tones. "And the danger is not over yet! Listen!" To Liso's terror
+an inferno of howls and whines sounds from the yard outside, and she
+sees, gleaming in at her through the window-panes, scores of wild, hairy
+faces with pale, lurid eyes. "They are there!" the woman remarks, a
+saturnine smile in her eyes and playing round her lips. "There--all
+ready to rend and tear you to pieces as they did your children--your
+three pretty, loving children. I've only to open the door, and in they
+will rush!"
+
+"But you won't," Liso gasped feebly. "You won't be so cruel. Besides,
+they could eat you, too."
+
+"Oh no, they couldn't," the woman laughed. "I'm a Vargamor. Every one of
+these wolves knows me and loves me as a mother. With you it is very
+different. Shall I----?"
+
+"Oh no! for pity's sake spare me!" Liso cried, throwing herself at the
+woman's feet and catching hold of her hands. "Spare me, and I will do
+anything you want."
+
+"Well," said the woman, after some consideration, "I will spare you on
+one condition, namely, that you live with me and do the housework; I'm
+getting too old for it."
+
+"I suppose I may see my family occasionally?" Liso said.
+
+"No!" the old woman snapped, "you may not. You must never go out of
+sight of this house. Now, what do you say? Recollect, it is either that
+or the wolves! Quick," and she hobbled to the door as she spoke.
+
+"I've chosen!" Liso shrieked. "I'll stay with you. Anything rather than
+such an awful death. Tell me what I have to do and I'll begin at once."
+
+The old woman took her at her word. She speedily set Liso a task, and
+from that time onward, kept her so continuously employed, not allowing
+her a moment to herself, that her life soon became unbearable. She tried
+to escape, but each time she left the house the fierce howling of the
+wolves sent her back to it in terror, and she discovered that, night and
+day, certain of the beasts were supervising her movements. After she had
+been there a week the old woman said to her, "I fear it is useless to
+think of keeping you any longer! Times are bad--food is scarce. The
+wolves are hungry--I must give you to them."
+
+But Liso fell on her knees and pleaded so hard that the Vargamor
+relented, "Well, well!" she said, "I will spare you, provided you can
+procure me a substitute. If you like to sit down and write to some one I
+will see that the note is delivered."
+
+Then Liso, almost beside herself at the thought of the hungry wolves,
+sat down and wrote a letter to her husband, telling him she had met with
+an accident, and desiring him to come to her at once. She dared not give
+him the slightest hint as to what had actually befallen her, as she knew
+the old woman would read the letter.
+
+When she had finished her note, the Vargamor took it, and for the next
+twelve hours Liso had a very anxious time.
+
+"If he doesn't come soon," the old woman at length said to her, with an
+evil chuckle, "I shall have to let the wolves in. They are famishing;
+and I, too, want something tastier than rabbits and squirrels."
+
+The minutes passed, and Liso was nearly fainting with suspense, when
+there suddenly broke on her ears the distant tramp of horses' feet; and
+in a very few moments a droshky dashed up to the door.
+
+"Call him in here," the Vargamor said, "and run up and hide in your
+bedroom. My pets and I will enjoy him all the better by the fire, and
+there won't be so much risk of them being hurt."
+
+Liso, afraid to do otherwise, ran up the rickety ladder leading to her
+room, shouting as she did so, "Oscar! Oscar! come in, come in."
+
+The joyful note in her husband's voice as he replied to her invitation
+struck a new chord in Liso's nature--a chord which had been there all
+the time, but had got choked and clogged through over-indulgence. Full
+of a courage that dared anything in its determination to save him, she
+crept cautiously down the stairs, and just as he crossed the threshold,
+and the Vargamor was about to summon the wolves, she dashed up to the
+old woman and struck her with all her might. Then, seizing her husband,
+she dragged him out of the house, and, hustling him into the carriage,
+jumped in by his side and told the coachman to drive home with the
+utmost speed.
+
+All this was done in less time than it takes to tell, and once again the
+familiar sounds of pattering--patterings on the snow in the wake of the
+carriage--fell on Liso's ears, and all the old horrors of the preceding
+journey came back to her with full force.
+
+Slowly, despite the fact that there were two horses now, the wolves
+gained on them, and once again the same harrowing question arose in
+Liso's mind. Some one must be sacrificed. Which should it be? The
+coachman! without doubt the coachman. He was only a poor, uneducated
+man, a hireling, and his life was as nothing compared either with that
+of her husband or her own.
+
+But she now remembered that Oscar, though usually a mere straw in her
+hands, and ready to do anything she asked him, had one or two
+peculiarities--fondness for children and animals, and a great respect
+for life--life in every grade. Would he consent to sacrifice the
+coachman? And as she glanced at him, a feeling of awe came over her.
+What a big, strong man this husband of hers was, and what strength he
+had--strength of all kinds, physical as well as mental--if he cared to
+exert it. But then he loved, worshipped, and adored her; he would never
+treat her with anything but the utmost deference and kindness, no matter
+what she said or did. Still, when she got ready to whisper the fatal
+suggestion in his ear, her heart failed her. And then the new something
+within her--that something that had already spoken and seemed inclined
+to be painfully officious--once more asserted itself. The coachman was
+married, he had children--four people dependent on him, four hearts that
+loved him! With her it was different: no one was actually dependent on
+her--there were no children now! Nothing but the memory of them!
+Memory--what a hateful thing it was! She had forced them to give her
+their lives; would it not be some atonement for her act if she were now
+to offer hers? She made the offer--breathed it with a shuddering soul
+into her husband's ears--and with a great round oath he rejected it.
+
+"What! You! Let you be thrown to the wolves?" he roared. "No--sooner
+than that, ten thousand times sooner, I will jump out! But I don't think
+there is any need. Knowing there were wolves about, I brought arms. If
+occasion arises we can easily account for half of them. But we shall
+outdistance them yet."
+
+He spoke the truth. Bit by bit the powerful horses drew away from the
+pack, and ere the last trees of the forest were passed, the howlings
+were no longer heard and all danger was at an end.
+
+Then, and not till then, did Oscar learn what had become of the
+children.
+
+He listened to Liso's explanation in silence, and it was not until she
+had finished that the surprise came. She was anticipating
+commiseration--commiseration for the awful hell she had undergone. She
+little guessed the struggle that was taking place beneath her husband's
+seemingly calm exterior. The revelation came with an abruptness that
+staggered her. "Woman!" he cried, "you are a murderess. Sooner than have
+sacrificed your children you should have suffered three deaths
+yourself--that is the elementary instinct of all mothers, human and
+otherwise. You are below the standard of a beast--of the Vargamor you
+slew. Go! go back to those parents who bore you, and tell them I'll have
+nought to do with you--that I want a woman for my wife, not a
+monstrosity."
+
+He bade the coachman pull up, and, alighting, told the man to drive Liso
+to the home of her parents.
+
+But Liso did not hear him--she sat huddled up on the seat with her eyes
+staring blankly before her. For the first time in her life she was
+conscious that she loved!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+WERWOLVES IN ICELAND, LAPLAND, AND FINLAND
+
+
+The Bersekir of Iceland are credited with the rare property of dual
+metamorphosis--that is to say, they are credited with the power of being
+able to adopt the individual forms of two animals--the bear and the
+wolf.
+
+For substantiation as to the _bona-fide_ existence of this rare property
+of dual metamorphosis one has only to refer to the historical literature
+of the country (the authenticity of which is beyond dispute), wherein
+many cases of it are recorded.
+
+The following story, illustrative of dual metamorphosis, was told to me
+on fairly good authority.
+
+A very unprepossessing Bersekir, named Rerir, falling in love with
+Signi, the beautiful daughter of a neighbouring Bersekir, proposed to
+her and was scornfully rejected. Smarting under the many insults that
+had been heaped on him--for Signi had a most cutting tongue--Rerir, who,
+like most of the Bersekir, was both a werwolf and a wer-bear, resolved
+to be revenged. Assuming the shape of a bear--the animal he deemed the
+more formidable--Rerir stole to the house where Signi and her parents
+lived, and climbing on the roof, tore away at it with his claws till he
+had made a hole big enough to admit him. Dropping through the aperture
+he had thus effected, he alighted on the top of some one in bed--one of
+the servants of the house--whom he hugged to death before she had time
+to utter a cry. He then stole out into the passage and made his way,
+cautiously and noiselessly, to the room in which he imagined Signi
+slept. Here, however, instead of finding the object of his passions, he
+came upon her parents, one of whom--the mother--was awake; and aiming a
+blow at the latter's head, he crushed in her skull with one stroke of
+his powerful paw. The noise awoke Signi's father, who, taking in the
+situation at a glance, also metamorphosed into a bear and straightway
+closed with his assailant. A desperate encounter between the two
+wer-animals now commenced, and the whole household, aroused from their
+slumber, came trooping in. For some time the issue of the combat was
+dubious, both adversaries being fairly well matched. But at length
+Rerir began to prevail, and Signi's father cried out for some one to
+help him. Then Signi, anxious to save her parent's life, seized a knife,
+and, aiming a frantic blow, inadvertently struck her father, who
+instantly sank on the ground, leaving her at the mercy of his furious
+opponent.
+
+With a loud snarl of triumph, Rerir rushed at the girl, and was bearing
+her triumphantly away, when the cook--an old woman who had followed the
+fortunes of the Bersekir all her life--had a sudden inspiration.
+Standing on a shelf in the corner of the room was a jar containing a
+preparation of sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, which her mistress
+had always given her to understand was a preventive against evil
+spirits. Snatching it up, she darted after the wer-bear and flung the
+contents of it in its face, just as it was about to descend the stairs
+with Signi. In a moment there was a sudden and startling metamorphosis,
+and in the place of the bear stood the ugly, misshapen man, Rerir.
+
+The hunchback now would gladly have departed without attempting further
+mischief; for although the household boasted no man apart from its
+incapacitated master, there were still three formidable women and some
+big dogs to be faced.
+
+But to let him escape, after the irreparable harm he had done, was the
+very last thing Signi would permit; and with an air of stern authority
+she commanded the servants to fall on him with any weapons they could
+find, whilst she would summon the hounds.
+
+Now, indeed, the tables were completely turned. Rerir was easily
+overpowered and bound securely hand and foot by Signi and her servants,
+and after undergoing a brief trial the following morning he was
+summarily executed.
+
+Those Icelanders who possessed the property of metamorphosis into wolves
+and bears (they were always of the male sex), more often than not used
+it for the purpose of either wreaking vengeance or of executing justice.
+The terrible temper--for the rage of the Bersekir has been a byword for
+centuries--commonly attributed to Icelanders and Scandinavians in
+general, is undoubtedly traceable to the werwolves and wer-bears into
+which the Bersekirs metamorphosed.
+
+It is said that in Iceland there are both lycanthropous streams and
+flowers, and that they differ little if at all from those to be met with
+in other countries.
+
+
+THE WERWOLVES OF LAPLAND
+
+In Lapland werwolves are still much to the fore. In many families the
+property is hereditary, whilst it is not infrequently sought and
+acquired through the practice of Black Magic. Though, perhaps, more
+common among males, there are, nevertheless, many instances of it among
+females.
+
+The following case comes from the country bordering on Lake Enara.
+
+The child of a peasant woman named Martha, just able to trot alone, and
+consequently left to wander just where it pleased, came home one morning
+with its forehead apparently licked raw, all its fingers more or less
+injured, and two of them seemingly sucked and mumbled to a mere pulp.
+
+On being interrogated as to what had happened, it told a most astounding
+tale: A very beautiful lady had picked it up and carried it away to her
+house, where she had put it in a room with her three children, who were
+all very pretty and daintily dressed. At sunset, however, both the lady
+and her children metamorphosed into wolves, and would undoubtedly have
+eaten it, had they not satiated their appetites on a portion of a girl
+which had been kept over from the preceding day. The newcomer was
+intended for their meal on the morrow, and obeying the injunctions of
+their mother, the young werwolves had forborne to devour the child,
+though they had all tasted it.
+
+The child's parents were simply dumbfounded--they could scarcely credit
+their senses--and made their offspring repeat its narrative over and
+over again. And as it stuck to what it had said, they ultimately
+concluded that it was true, and that the lady described could be none
+other than Madame Tonno, the wife of their landlord and patron--a person
+of immense importance in the neighbourhood.
+
+But what could they do? How could they protect their children from
+another raid?
+
+To accuse the lady, who was rich and influential, of being a werwolf
+would be useless. No one would believe them--no one dare believe
+them--and they would be severely punished for their indiscretion. Being
+poor, they were entirely at her mercy, and if she chose to eat their
+children, they could not prevent her, unless they could catch her in the
+act.
+
+One evening the mother was washing clothes before the door of her house,
+with her second child, a little girl of four years of age, playing about
+close by. The cottage stood in a lonely part of the estate, forming
+almost an island in the midst of low boggy ground; and there was no
+house nearer than that of M. Tonno. Martha, bending over her wash-tub,
+was making every effort to complete her task, when a fearful cry made
+her look up, and there was the child, gripped by one shoulder, in the
+jaws of a great she-wolf, the arm that was free extended towards her.
+Martha was so close that she managed to clutch a bit of the child's
+clothing in one hand, whilst with the other she beat the brute with all
+her might to make it let go its hold. But all in vain: the relentless
+jaws did not show the slightest sign of relaxing, and with a saturnine
+glitter in its deep-set eyes it emitted a hoarse burr-burr, and set off
+at full speed towards the forest, dragging the mother, who was still
+clinging to the garment of her child, with it.
+
+But they did not long continue thus. The wolf turned into some low-lying
+uneven track, and Martha, falling over the jagged trunk of a tree, found
+herself lying on the ground with only a little piece of torn clothing
+tightly clasped in her hand. Hitherto, comforted by Martha's presence,
+the little one had not uttered a sound; but now, feeling itself
+deserted, it gave vent to the most heartrending screams--screams that
+abruptly disturbed the silence of that lonely spot and pierced to the
+depths of Martha's soul. In an instant she rose, and, dashing on,
+bounded over stock and stone, tearing herself pitiably, but heeding it
+not in her intense anxiety to save her child. But the wolf had now
+increased its speed; the undergrowth was thick, the ground heavier, and
+soon screams became her only guide. Still on and on she dashed, now
+snatching up a little shoe which was clinging to the bushes, now
+shrieking with agony as she saw fragments of the child's hair and
+clothes on the low jagged boughs obstructing her path. On, on, on, until
+the screams grew fainter, then louder, and then ceased altogether.
+
+Late that night the husband, Max, found his wife lying dead, just
+outside the grounds of his patron's chateau. Guessing what had happened,
+and having but one thought in his mind--namely, revenge--Max, arming
+himself with the branch of a tree, marched boldly up to the house, and
+rapped loudly at the door.
+
+M. Tonno answered this peremptory summons himself, and demanded in an
+angry voice what Max meant by daring to announce himself thus.
+
+Max pointed in the direction of the corpse. "That!" he shrieked; "that
+is the reason of my visit. Madame Tonno is a werwolf--she has murdered
+both my wife and child, and I am here to demand justice."
+
+"Come inside," M. Tonno said, the tone of his voice suddenly changing.
+"We can discuss the matter indoors in the privacy of my study." And he
+conducted Max to a room in the rear of the house.
+
+But no sooner had Max crossed the threshold than the door was slammed
+on him, and he found himself a prisoner. He turned to the window, but
+there was no hope there--it was heavily barred. But although a
+peasant--and a fool, so he told himself, to have thus deliberately
+walked into a trap--Max was not altogether without wits, and he searched
+the room thoroughly, eventually discovering a loose board. Tearing it
+up, he saw that the space under the floor--that is to say, between the
+floor and the foundation of the house--was just deep enough for him to
+lie there at full length. Here, then, was a possible avenue of escape.
+Setting to work, he succeeded, after much effort, in wrenching up
+another board, and then another, and getting into the excavation thus
+made, he worked his way along on his stomach, until he came to a
+grating, which, to his utmost joy, proved to be loose. It was but the
+work of a few minutes to force it out and to dislodge a few bricks, and
+Max was once again free. His one idea now was to tell his tale to his
+brother peasants and rouse them to immediate action, and with this end
+in view he set off running at full speed to the nearest settlement.
+
+The peasants of Lapland are slow and stolid and take a lot of rousing,
+but when once they are roused, few people are so terrible.
+
+Fortunately for Max, he was not the only sufferer; several other people
+in the neighbourhood had lately lost their children, and the story he
+told found ready credence. In less than an hour a large body of men and
+women, armed with every variety of weapon, from a sword to a pitchfork,
+had gathered together, and setting off direct to the chateau, they
+surrounded it on all sides, and forcing an entrance, seized M. Tonno and
+his werwolf wife and werwolf children, and binding them hand and foot,
+led them to the shores of Lake Enara and drowned them. They then went
+back to the house and, setting fire to it, burned it to the ground, thus
+making certain of destroying any werwolf influence it might still
+contain.
+
+With this wholesale extermination a case that may be taken as a
+characteristic type of Lapland lycanthropy in all its grim and sordid
+details concludes.
+
+
+FINLAND WERWOLVES
+
+Finland teems with stories of werwolves--stories ancient and modern, for
+the werwolf is said to still flourish in various parts of the country.
+
+The property is not restricted to one sex; it is equally common to both.
+Spells and various forms of exorcism are used, and certain streams are
+held to be lycanthropous.
+
+However, in Finland as in Scandinavia, it is very difficult to procure
+information as to werwolves. The common peasant, who alone knows
+anything about the anomaly, is withheld by superstition from even
+mentioning its name; and if he mentions a werwolf at all, designates him
+only as the "old one," or the "grey one," or the "great dog," feeling
+that to call this terror by its true name is a sure way to exasperate
+it. It is only by strategy one learns from a peasant that when a fine
+young ox is found in the morning breathing hard, his hide bathed in
+foam, and with every sign of fright and exhaustion, while, perhaps, only
+one trifling wound is discovered on the whole body, which swells and
+inflames as if poison had been infused, the animal generally dying
+before night; and that when, on examination of the corpse, the
+intestines are found to be torn as with the claws of a wolf, and the
+whole body is in a state of inflammation, it is accounted certain that
+the mischief has been caused by a werwolf.
+
+It is thus a werwolf serves his quarry when he kills for the mere love
+of killing, and not for food.
+
+In Finland, perhaps more than in other countries, werwolves are credited
+with demoniacal power, and old women who possess the property of
+metamorphosing into wolves are said to be able to paralyse cattle and
+children with their eyes, and to have poison in their nails, one wound
+from which causes certain death.
+
+To illustrate the foregoing I have selected an incident which happened
+near Diolen, a village on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, at
+the distance of about a hundred wersts from the ancient city of Mawa.
+Here vegetation is of a more varied and luxuriant kind than is usually
+found in the Northern latitude; the oak and the bela, intermingled with
+rich plots of grass, grow at the very edge of the sea--a phenomenon
+accountable for by the fact that the Baltic is tideless.
+
+For about half a werst in breadth, the shore continues a level,
+luxuriant stretch, when it suddenly rises in three successive cliffs,
+each about a hundred feet in height, and placed about the same space of
+half a werst, one behind the other, like huge steps leading to the
+table-land above. In some places the rocks are completely hidden from
+the view by a thick fence of trees, which take root at their base, while
+each level is covered by a minute forest of firs, in which grow a
+variety of herbs and shrubs, including the English whitethorn, and wild
+strawberries.
+
+It was to gather the latter that Savanich and his seven-year-old son,
+Peter, came one afternoon early in summer. They had filled two baskets
+and were contemplating returning home with their spoil, when Caspan, the
+big sheepdog, uttered a low growl.
+
+"Hey, Caspan, what is it?" Peter cried. "Footsteps! And such curious
+ones!"
+
+"They are curious," Savanich said, bending down to examine them. "They
+are larger and coarser than those of Caspan, longer in shape, and with a
+deep indentation of the ball of the foot. They are those of a wolf--an
+old one, because of the deepness of the tracks. Old wolves walk heavy.
+And here's a wound the brute has got in its paw. See! there is a slight
+irregularity on the print of the hind feet, as if from a dislocated
+claw. We must be on our guard. Wolves are hungry now: the waters have
+driven them up together, and the cattle are not let out yet. The beast
+is not far off, either. An old wolf like this will prowl about for days
+together, round the same place, till he picks up something."
+
+"I hope it won't attack us, father," Peter said, catching hold of
+Savanich by the hand. "What should you do if it did?"
+
+But before Savanich could reply, Caspan gave a loud bark and dashed into
+the thicket, and the next moment a terrible pandemonium of yells, and
+snorts, and sharp howls filled the air. Drawing his knife from its
+sheath, and telling Peter to keep close at his heels, Savanich followed
+Caspan and speedily came upon the scene of the encounter. Caspan had
+hold of a huge grey wolf by the neck, and was hanging on to it like grim
+death, in spite of the brute's frantic efforts to free itself.
+
+There was but little doubt that the brave dog would have, eventually,
+paid the penalty for its rashness--for the wolf had mauled it badly, and
+it was beginning to show signs of exhaustion through loss of blood--had
+not Savanich arrived in the nick of time. A couple of thrusts from his
+knife stretched the wolf on the ground, when, to his utmost horror, it
+suddenly metamorphosed into a hideous old hag.
+
+"A werwolf!" Savanich gasped, crossing himself. "Get out of her way,
+Peter, quick!"
+
+But it was too late. Thrusting out a skinny hand, the hag scratched
+Peter on the ankle with the long curved, poisonous nail of her
+forefinger. Then, with an evil smile on her lips, she turned over on her
+back, and expired. And before Peter could be got home he, too, was dead.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+THE WERWOLF IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA
+
+
+The ideal home of all things weird and uncanny--is cold, grey, gaunt,
+and giant Russia. Nowhere is the werwolf so much in evidence to-day as
+in the land of the Czar, where all the primitive conditions favourable
+to such anomalies, still exist, and where they have undergone but little
+change in the last ten thousand years.
+
+A thinly-populated country--vast stretches of wild uncultivated land,
+full of dense forests, rich in trees most favourable to Elementals, and
+watered by deep, silent tarns, and stealthily moving streams,--its very
+atmosphere is impregnated with lycanthropy.
+
+At the base of giant firs and poplars, or poking out their heads
+impudently, from amidst brambles and ferns, are werwolf flowers--flowers
+with all the characteristics of those found in Hungary and the Balkan
+Peninsula, but of a greater variety. There are, for example, in
+addition to the white, yellow, and red species, those of a bluish-white
+hue, that emit a glow at night like the phosphorescent glow emanating
+from decaying animal and vegetable matter; and those of a brilliant
+orange, covered with black, protruding spots, suggestive of some
+particularly offensive disease, that show a marked preference for damp
+places, and are specially to be met with growing in the slime and mud at
+the edge of a pool, or in the soft, rotten mould of morasses.
+
+Werwolves haunt the plains, too--the great barren, undulating deserts
+that roll up to the foot of the Urals, Caucasus, Altai, Yablonoi, and
+Stanovoi Mountains--and the Tundras along the shores of the Arctic
+Ocean--dreary swamps in summer and ice-covered wastes in winter. Here,
+at night, they wander over the rough, stony, arid ground, picking their
+way surreptitiously through the scant vegetation, and avoiding all
+frequented localities; pausing, every now and then, to slake their
+thirst in deep sunk wells, or to listen for the sounds of quarry. Hazel
+hen, swans, duck, geese, squirrels, hares, elk, reindeer, roes,
+fallowdeer, and wild sheep, all are food to the werwolf, though nothing
+is so heartily appreciated by it as fat tender children or young and
+plump women.
+
+In its nocturnal ramblings the werwolf often encounters enemies--bears,
+wolves, and panthers--with which it struggles for dominion--dominion of
+forest, plain and mountain; and when the combat ends to its
+disadvantage, its metamorphosed corpse is at once devoured by its
+conqueror.
+
+Of all parts of Russia, the werwolf loves best the Caucasus and Ural
+Mountains. They are to Russia what the Harz Mountains were to Germany,
+centuries ago--the head-quarters of all manner of psychic phenomena, the
+happy hunting ground of phantom and fairy; and over them still lingers,
+almost, if not quite, as forcibly as ever, the glamour and mystery
+inseparable from the superphysical.
+
+Times without number have the great black beetling crags of these
+mountains been scaled by the furry, sinewy feet of werwolves; times
+without number have the shadows of these anomalies fallen on the
+moon-kissed, snowy peaks, towering high into the sky, or mingled with
+the rank and dewy herbage in the pine-clad valleys, and narrow abysmal
+gorges deep down below.
+
+It was here, in these lone Russian mountains, so legend relates, that
+Peter and Paul turned an impious wife and husband, who refused them
+shelter, into wolves: but Peter and Paul, apparently, had not the
+monopoly of this power; for it was here, too, in a Ural village, that
+the Devil is alleged to have metamorphosed half a dozen men into wolves
+for not paying him sufficient homage.
+
+There is no restriction as to the sex of werwolves in Russia and
+Siberia--male and female werwolves are about equal in number, though
+perhaps there is a slight preponderance in favour of the female.
+Vargamors are to be encountered in almost all the less frequented woody
+regions, but more especially in those in the immediate vicinity of the
+Urals and Caucasus.
+
+Though many of the werwolves inherit the property, many, too, have
+acquired it through direct intercourse with the superphysical; and the
+invocation of spirits, whether performed individually or collectively,
+is far from uncommon.
+
+Black Magic is said to be practised in the Urals, Caucasus, Yerkhoiansk,
+and Stanovoi Mountains; in the Tundras, the Plains of East Russia, the
+Timan Range, the Kola Peninsula, and various parts of Siberia.
+
+I am told that the usual initiating ceremony consists of drawing a
+circle, from seven to nine feet in radius, in the centre of which circle
+a wood fire is kindled--the wood selected being black poplar, pine or
+larch, never ash. A fumigation in an iron vessel, heated over the fire,
+is then made out of a mixture of any four or five of the following
+substances: Hemlock (2 to 3 ounces), henbane (1 ounce to 1-1/2 ounces),
+saffron (3 ounces), poppy seed (any amount), aloe (3 drachms), opium
+(1/4 ounce), asafoetida (2 ounces), solanum (2 to 3 drachms), parsley
+(any amount).
+
+As soon as the vessel is placed over the fire so that it can heat, the
+person who would invoke the spirit that can bestow upon him the property
+of metamorphosing into a wolf kneels within the circle, and prays a
+preliminary impromptu prayer. He then resorts to an incantation, which
+runs, so I have been told, as follows:--
+
+     "Hail, hail, hail, great wolf spirit, hail!
+      A boon I ask thee, mighty shade. Within this circle I have made,
+      Make me a werwolf strong and bold,
+      The terror alike of young and old.
+      Grant me a figure tall and spare;
+      The speed of the elk, the claws of the bear;
+      The poison of snakes, the wit of the fox;
+      The stealth of the wolf, the strength of the ox;
+      The jaws of the tiger, the teeth of the shark;
+      The eyes of a cat that sees in the dark.
+      Make me climb like a monkey, scent like a dog,
+      Swim like a fish, and eat like a hog.
+      Haste, haste, haste, lonely spirit, haste!
+      Here, wan and drear, magic spell making,
+      Findest thou me--shaking, quaking.
+      Softly fan me as I lie,
+      And thy mystic touch apply--
+      Touch apply, and I swear that when I die,
+      When I die, I will serve thee evermore,
+      Evermore, in grey wolf land, cold and raw."
+
+The incantation concluded, the supplicant then kisses the ground three
+times, and advancing to the fire, takes off the iron vessel, and
+whirling it smoking round his head, cries out:--
+
+     "Make me a werwolf! make me a man-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a woman-eater!
+      Make me a werwolf! make me a child-eater!
+      I pine for blood! human blood!
+      Give it me! give it me to-night!
+      Great Wolf Spirit! give it me, and
+      Heart, body, and soul, I am yours."
+
+The trees then begin to rustle, and the wind to moan, and out of the
+sudden darkness that envelops everything glows the tall, cylindrical,
+pillar-like phantom of the Unknown, seven or eight feet in height. It
+sometimes develops further, and assumes the form of a tall, thin
+monstrosity, half human and half animal, grey and nude, with very long
+legs and arms, and the feet and claws of a wolf. Its head is shaped like
+that of a wolf, but surrounded with the hair of a woman, that falls
+about its bare shoulders in yellow ringlets. It has wolf's ears and a
+wolf's mouth. Its aquiline nose and pale eyes are fashioned like those
+of a human being, but animated with an expression too diabolically
+malignant to proceed from anything but the superphysical.
+
+It seldom if ever speaks, but either utters some extraordinary noise--a
+prolonged howl that seems to proceed from the bowels of the earth, a
+piercing, harrowing whine, or a low laugh full of hellish glee, any of
+which sounds may be taken to express its assent to the favour asked.
+
+It only remains visible for a minute at the most, and then disappears
+with startling abruptness. The supplicant is now a werwolf. He undergoes
+his first metamorphosis into wolf form the following evening at sunset,
+reassuming his human shape at dawn; and so on, day after day, till his
+death, when he may once more metamorphose either from man form to wolf
+form, or vice versa, his corpse retaining whichever form has been
+assumed at the moment of death. However, with regard to this final
+metamorphosis there is no consistency: it may or may not take place. In
+the practice of exorcism, for the purpose of eradicating the evil
+property of werwolfery, all manner of methods are employed. Sometimes
+the werwolf is soundly whipped with ash twigs, and saturated with a
+potion such as I described in a previous chapter; sometimes he is made
+to lie or sit over, or lie or stand close beside, a vessel containing a
+fumigation mixture composed of sulphur, asafoetida, and castoreum, or
+hypericum and vinegar; or sometimes, again, he is well whipped and
+rubbed all over with the juice of the mistletoe berry. Occasionally a
+priest is summoned, and then a formal ceremony takes place.
+
+An altar is erected. On it are placed lighted candles, a Bible, a
+crucifix. The werwolf, in wolf form, bound hand and foot, is then placed
+on the ground at the foot of the altar, and fumigated with incense and
+sprinkled with holy water. The sign of the cross is made on his
+forehead, chest, back, and on the palms of his hands. Various prayers
+are read, and the affair concludes when the priest in a loud voice
+adjures the evil influence to depart, in the name of God the Father, the
+Son, the Holy Ghost, and the Virgin Mary.
+
+I have never, however, heard of any well-authenticated case testifying
+to the efficacy of this or of any other mode of exorcism. As far as I
+know, once a werwolf always a werwolf is an inviolable rule.
+
+Apparently women are more desirous of becoming werwolves than men, more
+women than men having acquired the property of werwolfery through their
+own act. In the case of women candidates for this evil property, the
+inspiring motive is almost always one of revenge, sometimes on a
+faithless lover, but more often on another woman; and when once women
+metamorphose thus, their craving for human flesh is simply
+insatiable--in fact, they are far more cruel and daring, and much more
+to be dreaded, than male werwolves. The following story seems to bear
+out the truth of this assertion:--
+
+
+THE CASE OF IVAN OF SHIGANSKA
+
+Shiganska was--for it no longer exists, having been obliterated about
+fifty years ago by a blizzard--a small village on the left bank of the
+Petchora, about a hundred miles from its mouth.
+
+Owing chiefly to the character of the adjacent country, Shiganska was
+wanting in every beauty and variety that charms the eye. It was situated
+on a stretch of flat land between two mountain ranges, _i.e._, the Ural
+on one side and the Taman on the other, and surrounded by a wood so
+thick that it was with the greatest difficulty anyone could force a way
+into it, supposing they had been sufficiently fortunate to escape
+sticking fast in the morasses of soft, rotten mould, that lie hidden in
+the least suspicious looking places, on its borders. Here were to be
+found lycanthropous blue and white flowers, which those desirous of
+becoming werwolves sought from far and wide, some even coming from
+Siberia, and some from away down South as far as Astrakan. And the woods
+abounded not only in werwolves, but in all sorts of supernatural
+horrors--phantoms of the dead, _i.e._ (of murderers and suicides) Vice
+Elementals and Vagrarians, vampires and ghouls; no region in Russia
+boasted so many, and for this reason it was scrupulously avoided by all
+sensible people after sunset.
+
+Ivan, like most of the male inhabitants of Shiganska, lived by the
+chase: the black fox, the sable, the fox with the dark-coloured throat,
+the red fox, white fox, squirrel, ermine, and black bear alike fell
+victims to his gun; whilst in the Petchora, when the weather permitted
+it, he caught, besides many other kinds of fish, a goodly proportion of
+salmon, nelma (a kind of salmon trout), bleak, sturgeon, sterlet, tochue,
+muksun, omul, and _Salmo Lavaretus_.
+
+It was a good living, that of the chase, albeit fraught with grave
+dangers; and Ivan, thanks to his exceptional powers with the rod as well
+as the rifle, was on the high road to prosperity.
+
+He lived with his mother and two sisters in a pretty house about a koes
+from Shiganska, and facing it was a level stretch of reed-grass
+terminating in the hemlock-covered banks of the Petchora. A few trees,
+chiefly birch and larch, dotted about the reed-grass afforded a
+delightful shade from the fierce heat of the short summer sun; and birds
+of all sorts, whose singing was a source of the keenest delight to Ivan
+and his sisters, made their homes in them.
+
+Unlike any other hunter in Shiganska, Ivan was fond of poetry and
+music; moreover, he had a dreamy disposition, and when his day's work
+was done he was content--nay, more than content--to watch the changing
+colours in the sky, or see in the glowing embers of the charcoal fire
+strange scenes and wildly familiar faces.
+
+One morning, in the month of April, Ivan set off to the woods, gun in
+hand, accompanied by his old and faithful dog, Dolk, in search of big
+game. He paused every now and then to look at the ice on the summits of
+the distant mountains. The sunlight falling on it imparted to it many
+different hues, and made it sparkle like flaming jewels. He stopped
+repeatedly to listen to the croaking of the raven, the cawing of the
+crows, and the piping of the bullfinches--sounds of which he was never
+weary, and never tired of trying to interpret.
+
+On this occasion, as usual, it was not until long after noon that he
+began seriously to think of looking for his quarry, and it was not until
+he had searched for some time that he at length came upon the tracks of
+a wild reindeer. Loosing Dolk, and tightening the buckles of his
+snow-shoes, he set to work to stalk the animal, and eventually sighted
+it browsing on a clump of reed-grass that grew on the bank of a mountain
+stream. The chase now began in earnest. It was a beautiful animal, and
+Ivan strained every effort to get within shooting range by leaping from
+rock to rock, and springing over stream after stream. In this manner he
+had progressed for more than a koes, when blood from the feet of the
+reindeer began to be visible on the fresh frozen snow; from its
+faltering pace the poor creature was evidently tired out, and Dolk was
+drawing closer and closer to it. In these circumstances Ivan was
+counting on the likelihood of his soon being near enough to fire, when
+suddenly the joyful barking of the dog changed to a prodigious howl of
+agony. With redoubled speed Ivan pushed ahead, and, presently, at a
+distance of about two gunshots, he saw two small black objects lying on
+the snow covered with blood.
+
+They were the remains of Dolk, who, having come up with the reindeer and
+driven it into a small brook, was keeping it there until Ivan arrived,
+when a hungry wolf had leaped down the side of a rock and, seizing him
+in his powerful jaws, had bitten him in half. The wolf had evidently
+intended to eat Dolk, but, catching sight of Ivan, had made off.
+
+Ivan was inconsolable. Dolk had hunted with him as a puppy of six months
+old, and for eight years the dog had never let him know a hungry day.
+Ivan had been offered ten reindeer for him, but he would not have parted
+with him for any number, and without Dolk he knew not how to show
+himself at home, for both his mother and sisters were devoted to the
+faithful animal.
+
+Determined on vengeance, Ivan followed the wolf's tracks, which led, by
+an unfamiliar path, to the mouth of a vast and gloomy cavern. There he
+lost sight of them, and he was deliberating what to do next, when a loud
+peal of silvery laughter broke on his ears and awoke the silent echoes
+of the grim walls around him. Ivan started in open-mouthed astonishment.
+Standing before him was a girl more lovely--ten thousand times more
+lovely--than any woman he had hitherto seen. To the magic of a beautiful
+form in woman--the necromancy of female grace--there was no more ready
+and willing subject than Ivan; and here, at last, he had found grace
+personified, incarnate, the highest ideal of all his wildest and most
+cherished dreams. His most magnificent "castle" had never contained a
+princess half as fair as this one. Her figure was rather above the
+medium height, supple and slender. Her feet and hands were small, her
+wrists well rounded, her fingers long and white, and tipped with pink
+and glossy almond-shaped nails--if anything a trifle too long. But it
+was her face that so attracted Ivan as to almost hold him
+spellbound--the neat and delicately moulded features all in perfect
+harmony; the daintily cut lips; the white gleaming teeth; the low
+forehead crowned with golden curls; the long, thick-lashed, blue eyes
+that looked steadily into his, and seemed to read his very soul.
+
+Moreover, in her blue eyes there was bewildering depth; a sense of
+coldness that was positively benumbing, and which was reminiscent of the
+blue petrifying waters of the Ural Lakes; a magnetism that was
+paralysing, that held in complete obeisance both mind and limb, and was
+comparable to nothing so nearly as the hypnotic influence of the tiger
+or snake, but which differed from the latter inasmuch as its
+inspirations were just as delightful as those of the tiger and snake are
+harrowing and terrifying.
+
+She was clad from head to foot in fur--white fur--but neither her dress
+nor her presence excited any other thoughts in Ivan except those of
+intense admiration--admiration which surged through every pore of his
+skin.
+
+"Well!" she demanded, "what brings you here, my good man? There is no
+game in this cave."
+
+"Isn't there?" Ivan stammered, his eyes looking at her adoringly. "All
+the same I would cheerfully forgo all the pleasures of the chase to come
+here."
+
+"You are very gallant for a huntsman, sir," the girl replied with a
+smile; "but for your own sake I must urge you to go away at once. I live
+here with my father--a confirmed recluse who detests the sight of human
+beings; were he to discover me talking to one I should get into sad
+trouble, and with regard to you I could not say what might happen."
+
+But Ivan came of a race that paid little heed to any warning when once
+their blood was fired; consequently, despite the repeated admonitions of
+his beautiful companion--admonitions which her eyes seemed to
+contradict--he stayed and stayed, whilst--forgetful of mother and
+sisters, home, and even Dolk--he made a passionate avowal of his love.
+The afternoon quickly passed, and the sun was beginning to set, when the
+girl, whose name he had learned was Breda, almost pushed him out of the
+cavern.
+
+"If you don't go now," she urged, "I may never see you again."
+
+"And would you care?" he asked.
+
+"Perhaps," she replied; "perhaps, just a little--a wee, wee bit. You
+see, I don't get the opportunity of meeting many people!"
+
+He caught her by the hand and kissed it passionately; and with the sound
+of her light, intoxicating laughter thrilling through his soul, he
+descended to the bed of the mountain streamlet, and turned his steps
+blithely towards home.
+
+That was the beginning, but not the end. He courted her--he married her
+and she came to live with his mother and sisters, who for his sake tried
+to like her and even pretended that they did like her. But in secret
+they said to one another, "She has no heart; she is cold as an icicle;
+her lips are thin and cruel. She would serve Ivan badly if we were not
+here to check her."
+
+And Breda certainly had her idiosyncrasies. She preferred raw to cooked
+meat, and would not sleep in the same room as her husband. She grew very
+angry when Ivan expostulated, saying, "You promised you would never
+thwart me. If you do not keep your word, I shall despise you, scorn you,
+hate you." And Ivan, who loved his wife beyond anything, yielded.
+
+Some weeks after their marriage, neighbours complained of losing cattle
+and horses. They said there was a wolf about, and that its tracks, which
+they had followed, always ended under the walls of Ivan's house. They
+asked Ivan if he had not heard the brute. But he had heard nothing, he
+slept very soundly. Then they inquired of Ivan's sisters and mother, who
+also replied in the negative; but there was hesitation in their voices,
+and they looked very frightened and ashamed. And then people began to
+talk. They looked at Breda curiously, and finally they cut her. One
+night, when there was a downfall of snow, and the wind howled down the
+chimneys of Ivan's house and blew the snow, with heavy thumps against
+the window-panes, Ivan, who could not sleep for the storm, heard the
+door of Breda's room open very softly, and light steps steal stealthily
+down the passage. Then there came a half-suppressed, half-smothered cry,
+a groan, and all was still. Ivan got out of bed and opened his door, but
+his wife's voice called to him from the darkness and bade him go back.
+
+"Do not be alarmed and make a fuss," she said; "I was ill a moment ago,
+but am quite well again now. Go back to bed at once, or I shall be very
+angry." And Ivan obeyed her.
+
+In the morning his eldest sister, Beata, was found dead in bed, her
+throat, breast, and stomach slit open, as is the custom with wolves, and
+her flesh all mangled and eaten.
+
+Breda took no food that day, and Ivan's mother and other sister,
+Malvina, looked at her out of the corner of their eyes and shuddered.
+But Ivan said nothing. A week later the same fate befell Malvina. Then
+Ivan's mother spoke. She told him that he must assuredly be under some
+evil spell, or he would never remain idle whilst his sisters' destroyer
+was at large, and she adjured him, by all that he held holy, not to
+allow himself a moment's rest till he had had ample vengeance for the
+loss of two such valuable lives.
+
+Roused at last, Ivan, instead of going to bed, sat up, gun in hand, and
+watched. He passed many nights thus, and his patience was well nigh
+exhausted when, during one of the vigils, he fell asleep, dreaming as
+usual of the blue eyes and golden curls of Breda, whose beauty held him
+just as much enthralled as ever. From this slumber he was awakened by
+loud screams for help. Seizing his gun, and taking a random aim at a
+huge white wolf as he went (though without stopping to see the effects
+of the shot), he ran to his mother's bedside. She was dead. Her throat
+and body were slit; but she was not eaten.
+
+Wild with grief and thirsting for revenge, Ivan started off in pursuit
+of the wolf, and discovered, in the passage, a track of blood which
+terminated at his wife's door. Receiving no reply when he asked for
+admittance, he entered the room and found Breda lying on the floor, in
+her nightdress, the blood streaming from a wound in her shoulder. Ivan
+knelt down and examined her. She had been struck by a bullet, and the
+bullet fitted the bore of his gun.
+
+He knew the truth then--the truth he might have known all along, had he
+not, in his blind love, thrust it far from him--and, in the sudden
+alteration of his feeling, he raised his knife to kill her. But Breda
+opened her eyes, and the weapon fell from his hand.
+
+"You know part of my secret now," she whispered, "but you don't know
+everything. I am a werwolf, not by inheritance, but of my own free will.
+In order to become one I ate the blue flowers in the wood. I did so to
+be avenged on my husband."
+
+"Your husband!" Ivan cried; "good God! then you were a widow when I met
+you?"
+
+"Yes," Breda said slowly and with apparent effort. "I was forced into my
+first marriage by my all too worldly parents, and my husband ill-used
+and beat me!"
+
+"The devil! the cold-hearted, cowardly devil!" Ivan ejaculated, "I would
+have killed him."
+
+"That is what I did," Breda remarked; "I did kill him, and it was in
+order to make certain of killing him that I became a werwolf."
+
+"Did you eat him?" Ivan asked, horribly fascinated.
+
+"Don't ask questions," Breda said, averting her eyes, "and for God's
+sake don't lose any more time. As you love me, screen me from detection;
+hide all traces of to-night's handiwork as quickly as possible."
+
+As usual, Ivan did as she requested him, and giving out that his mother
+had died suddenly, from heart failure, he had her interred with as
+little publicity as possible.
+
+Before very long, however, the neighbours began to ask such pointed
+questions, that Ivan now lived in a state of chronic suspense. He feared
+every moment that the truth would leak out, and that his beautiful young
+wife would receive condign punishment.
+
+At last, finding such a state of apprehension intolerable, he confided
+in an old man who was reputed a sage and metaphysician--one who was
+extremely well versed in all matters appertaining to the spiritual
+world. "There is only one course to pursue," the old man said, "you must
+have the evil spirit in her exorcized, and you must have it done
+immediately. Otherwise, she will continue her depredations, and your
+good neighbours will find her out and kill her. They more than half
+suspect her now, and are talking of paying a visit some night, when you
+are snug and safe in bed, to the cemetery, to see if the story you told
+them about your mother's and sisters' sudden deaths is correct."
+
+"What kind of exorcism would you use?" Ivan inquired nervously. "You
+would not hurt her?"
+
+"The form of exorcism I should make use of would do her no lasting
+harm," the old man said feelingly; "you can rely on me for that."
+
+"But is exorcism always effectual?" Ivan persisted.
+
+"When exorcism is ineffectual it is the exception, not the rule," the
+old man replied, "and there are very few cases of exorcism being
+employed ineffectually upon those who have become werwolves through the
+practice of magic, or the medium of flowers or of water."
+
+"Should my wife refuse to undergo the ceremony, what would you advise
+then?" Ivan asked.
+
+"Strategy and force," the old man said, "anything to prevent her
+continuing in her demoniacal ways, and being burned or drowned by an
+infuriated mob."
+
+Thus admonished, Ivan, without delay, broached the matter to Breda. But
+she was so angry with him for having dared even to mention exorcism,
+that he thought it best to act on the advice of the old occultist and to
+catch her unawares. Consequently, one evening, when the moon was in the
+full, and she had just changed into wolf form, he stole into her room
+accompanied by the old man and two assistants. After a desperate
+struggle, Ivan and the three exorcists overpowered her, and bound her so
+securely that she could not move.
+
+They then took her out of doors, to a lonely spot at the back of the
+house, and placed her in the centre of an equilateral triangle that had
+been carefully marked on the ground, in red chalk. At seven or eight
+feet to the west of the triangle they then kindled a wood fire, and
+placed over it a vessel containing a fumigation mixture of hypericum,
+vinegar, sulphur, cayenne, and mountain ash berries.
+
+The old man then knelt down, and crossing himself on his forehead and
+chest, prayed vigorously, until the preparation in the pot began to give
+off strong fumes. He then arose, and both he and his assistants took up
+specially prepared switches, cut from a mountain ash, and gripping them
+tightly in their hands, approached the recumbent form of the werwolf.
+This, however, was more than Ivan could stand--he had objected strongly
+enough to the fumigation, which, being nauseous and irritating, had made
+his wolf-wife gasp and choke; but when it came to flogging her--well, it
+turned him sick and cold. He forgot discretion, prudence, everything,
+saving the one great fact--monstrous, incredible, abominable--that the
+being he loved, adored, and worshipped was about to be beaten with rods!
+With a shout of wrath he rushed at the trio, and snatching their wands
+from them, laid them so soundly about their backs that they all three
+fled from the ground, shrieking with pain and terror. Then he knelt by
+his prostrate wife, and cutting the thongs that bound her, set her free.
+She rose on her feet a huge, white wolf. Regarding him steadily for a
+moment from out of her gleaming grey eyes, she swung slowly round, and
+with one more look, more human than animal, she darted swiftly away, and
+was speedily lost in the gloom.
+
+
+
+
+METHUEN'S POPULAR NOVELS
+
+AUTUMN 1912
+
+
+THE BIG FISH
+
+By H. B. Marriott Watson, Author of 'Alise of Astra.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[July
+
+This strange tale of adventure in the mountains of Peru has a certain
+basis in fact. 'The Big Fish' is the name by which the lost treasure of
+the Incas is known, and the story describes the search for it, which
+opens in a London auction room and, after many tragic adventures, ends
+in the lonely mountains in a manner which neither of the seekers had
+anticipated, but with which both are satisfied.
+
+
+HER SERENE HIGHNESS
+
+By Philip Laurence Oliphant. Cr. 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+Disillusioned, and disgusted with Western civilization, the hero of this
+story, a man of remarkable force and quality, turns to the ideals of the
+East, becomes to all intents an Oriental, and makes for himself a great
+position as the white ruler of a black people in Central India. His wife
+deserted him in early life under a misunderstanding, goes in search of
+him, and finding him at last, throws in her lot with his, and succeeds
+in winning him back; but not until through jealousy and other passions,
+he is forced to witness the sacrifice of his power and fly for very
+life.
+
+
+JUDITH LEE: Some Pages from her Life
+
+By Richard Marsh, Author of 'A Royal Indiscretion.' With Four
+Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+The world has already been introduced to the famous female detective
+Judith Lee in the pages of the Strand Magazine, where her popularity
+was very great. The child of parents who were teachers of the oral
+system to the deaf and dumb, as soon almost as she learnt to speak she
+learnt to read what people were saying by watching their lips. Devoting
+her whole life to the improvement of a very singular natural aptitude,
+and employing it in the discovery and frustration of crime, she has
+become, as we find in this book, a constant source of wonder and
+delight, and a very encyclopaedia of adventure.
+
+
+THE OAKUM PICKERS
+
+By L. S. Gibson, Author of 'The Heart of Desire.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [July
+
+A story treating of modern social life, and incidentally of the
+hardships inflicted by certain phases of the Divorce Laws upon the
+innocent partner in an unhappy marriage. The two very dissimilar women
+are well delineated and contrasted. Cynthia and Elizabeth, each in her
+own way, are so human and sympathetic that the reader can hardly fail to
+endorse the quotation on the title-page, 'I do not blame such women, but
+for love they pick much oakum.' The men are drawn with no less strength
+and sincerity; while Lady Juliet--the brilliant, heartless, little
+mondaine who precipitates the tragedy of three lives--is a thumb-nail
+sketch of a fascinating, if worthless, type.
+
+
+HAUNTING SHADOWS; or, The House of Terror
+
+By M. F. Hutchinson. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+An English girl, brought up under harsh surroundings, considers that
+opportunity suddenly opens the doors of Life. But these doors swing back
+to the accompaniment of sinister and terrible things. The very threshold
+of the new life is a place of terror. A harsh and inexorable fate forces
+her reluctant feet along a difficult way, where it seems as if none of
+the joys of existence can lighten the darkness. The story shows with
+what results to herself and others Elaine Westcourt became an inmate of
+the 'House of Terror.'
+
+
+A WILDERNESS WOOING
+
+By W. Victor Cook, Author of 'Anton of the Alps.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A thrilling story of the early French-Canadian pioneers, and the
+romantic adventures of a young heir to an English earldom. The novel,
+which is full of excitement and dramatic incident, presents a series of
+vivid pictures of the days when the great pathfinder La Salle was
+carrying the lilies of France at utmost hazard into the Western wilds.
+The love interest is strong, and attractively handled, and even such
+strange-seeming affairs as the 'Ship of Women' and the marriage market
+at Quebec have their historical sanction.
+
+
+NANCE OF MANCHESTER
+
+By Orme Agnus, Author of 'Sarah Fuldon's Lovers.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Dr. Anthony Belton called Nance 'the bravest girl in Manchester,' and he
+was a good judge. She assumed maternal cares at an early age, and she
+lived for her children. Later she took up her residence in the South of
+England with Mrs. Nolliver, and there struck up a friendship with Miss
+Denise Martayne, a lady whose gifts had put her in an exalted if not a
+happy position. It was a friendship that dispelled gloom and created
+happiness. 'Nance of Manchester' is a tribute to the omnipotence of
+love.
+
+
+A KINGDOM DIVIDED
+
+By David Lisle, Author of 'A Painter of Souls.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+This new novel by the author of A Painter of Souls may be described as
+actively controversial. It deals largely with poignant chapters in the
+life of a young clergyman, and in its pages we find an amazing array of
+startling facts connected with the march of Ritualism and the future of
+England. Side by side with the history of a tragic struggle we find
+glowing descriptions of scenery and of brilliant social life. The scene
+is laid in Devon, and, later on, at Biarritz.
+
+
+A WOMAN IN THE LIMELIGHT
+
+By Charles Gleig, Author of 'The Nancy Manoeuvres.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+A Woman in the Limelight presents candidly a typical actress of the
+Musical Comedy Stage, treating of her career and her love affairs with a
+realism that is convincing, but free of offence. The heroine allures and
+for a long time retains the devotion and affection of a typical solitary
+Londoner, who is not less devoted to the bon motif; but the inevitable
+break occurs. There is plenty of humour and of first-hand knowledge in
+this study of upper Bohemian life of to-day, and the characters are
+vividly drawn.
+
+
+BURIED ALIVE
+
+By Arnold Bennett, Author of 'Clayhanger.' A New Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+This is a reprint of one of Mr. Bennett's most delightful stories. It
+has been out of print for some time.
+
+
+THE STREET CALLED STRAIGHT
+
+By the Author of 'The Wild Olive.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The anonymous author of those very interesting novels The Inner Shrine
+and The Wild Olive has in the new book dealt with a financial man's
+case of conscience. The story, which is laid for the most part in
+Boston, illustrates the New England proverb, 'By the street called
+straight'--should it not be strait?--'we come to the house called
+beautiful.'
+
+
+IT HAPPENED IN SMYRNA
+
+By Thomas Edgelow. Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+A vivid record of Eastern travel and adventure by a new author, who is
+introduced to the novel-reading public by no less a sponsor than
+Baroness von Hutten--the authoress of Pam whose cheery preface in the
+form of an open letter will be found in Mr. Edgelow's first book. The
+story opens on a German liner off the East African coast, and leads us
+via Port Said to Smyrna. There and in the interior of Turkey-in-Asia
+are laid the scenes of Tony Paynter's adventures. It is in the Smyrna
+bazaars that he and Sylvia Sayers first encounter the Turk who is
+destined to play so important a role in their two lives, and it is
+from Smyrna that, at last, they sail away when all has happily ended.
+
+
+DEVOTED SPARKES
+
+By W. Pett Ridge, Author of 'Thanks to Sanderson.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+Mr. Pett Ridge's new novel, an animated story of London life, concerns a
+girl sent out to service by her stepmother. Taking the management of
+her career into her own hands, and holding the reins, goes first to a
+house on the north side of Regent's Park, afterwards to the
+neighbourhood of Berkeley Square; and her adventures in both situations,
+her acquaintances, and the person to whom she is devoted, are described
+in Mr. Pett Ridge's brightest manner.
+
+
+THE ANGLO-INDIANS
+
+By Alice Perrin, Author of 'The Charm.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The background of this novel is the contrast between official life in
+India and a pensioned existence in England. The theme of the story is
+the affection, almost amounting to a passion, that the heroine feels
+towards India, where she has spent part of her childhood and her early
+girlhood; it leads to a love adventure involving the chief problem
+between the East and West.
+
+
+THE HEATHER MOON
+
+By C. N. and A. M. Williamson, Authors of 'The Lightning Conductor.'
+Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of a motor tour in Scotland and many quests. The drama shows
+us a girl in search of her mother, who has her own reasons for not
+wishing to be found by a pretty grown-up daughter. A man in search of
+some lost illusions is also here, and the girl helps him to discover
+that they are not illusions but splendid truths. Other seekers are a
+woman in search of love, and her brother in search of materials for a
+novel. In finding or failing to find these things a romance of a very
+original kind with many conflicting interests has been evolved.
+
+
+THE QUEST OF THE GOLDEN ROSE
+
+By John Oxenham, Author of 'The Long Road.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+By 'The Golden Rose' the author means the Spirit of Romance--Love--and
+all that pertains thereto. The story tells how three very typical
+Englishmen--surgeon--artist--barrister--encounter it in odd fashion
+while tramping the High Alps, and follow it up each in his own peculiar
+way to his destined end. Their various testings, mental, moral, and
+physical, make the story, which is replete with the joy, the sorrow, and
+the tragedy of life.
+
+
+OLIVIA MARY
+
+By E. Maria Albanesi, Author of 'The Glad Heart.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+In this, her first new novel to be published since The Glad Heart,
+Madame Albanesi strikes new ground. Although full of able and
+sympathetic characterization and that elusive charm which belongs to all
+her books, this story is unlike any that she has yet written. The author
+deals with a problem which is the outcome of emotions at once simple,
+even ordinary, and yet at the same time profound and most touching.
+
+
+SALLY
+
+By Dorothea Conyers, Author of 'Two Impostors and Tinker.' Crown 8vo,
+6s. [August
+
+A hunting novel of Irish life. The scene is laid in the wilds of
+Connemara, where a man suffering from melancholia starts hunting over
+the mountains and the bogs. A seaside lodge close to him is taken by
+some strangers, and the plot of the book then turns on the lonely man,
+who has not spoken for years save when obliged to, being charmed from
+his loneliness by Sally Stannard, and the subsequent complications which
+ensue betwixt her and her various lovers.
+
+
+LAMORNA
+
+By Mrs. A. Sidgwick, Author of 'The Severins.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [August
+
+The story of two girls united by kinship and affection, but divided by
+character and temperament. Lamorna, the elder one, has to look on while
+her cousin makes a tragedy of her life and successively becomes the
+victim of a roue and a mischief-monger. Lamorna's own fate is at one
+time so enmeshed with her cousin's that she requires all her sense and
+strength to escape from the toils set by a man who would override all
+scruple and all honour to win her.
+
+
+THE HAPPY FAMILY
+
+By Frank Swinnerton, Author of 'The Young Idea.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[August
+
+The Happy Family is a realistic comedy of life in London suburbs. The
+scenes are laid principally in Kentish Town, with excursions to
+Hampstead, Highgate, and Gospel Oak; while unusual pictures of the
+publishing trade form a setting to the highly-important office-life of
+the chief male characters. The interplay of diverse temperaments, the
+conflict between the ideal and the actual, are the basis of the story,
+which, however, is concerned with people rather than problems.
+
+
+DARNELEY PLACE
+
+By Richard Bagot, Author of 'Donna Diana.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+The scene of Mr. Richard Bagot's new novel is laid partly in England and
+partly in Italy. The story turns upon the double life led by a wealthy
+English landowner in consequence of the abduction in his more youthful
+days of the daughter of an old Italian house at a period when he had no
+prospect of succeeding to the position he subsequently attained.
+Incidentally, the novel deals with certain phases of Italian
+Spiritualism, and Mr. Bagot's readers will again resume their
+acquaintance with some of the most sympathetic characters described in
+his previous work The Passport.
+
+
+A KNIGHT OF SPAIN
+
+By Marjorie Bowen, Author of 'I Will Maintain.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+This story is laid in the stormy and sombre last half of the sixteenth
+century, and deals with the fortunes of the Royal House of Spain, the
+most powerful, cruel, and tragic dynasty of modern Europe. The hero is
+Charles V's son, the gay, beautiful, and heroic Don Juan of Austria, who
+rose to an unparalleled renown in Christendom as the victor of Lepanto,
+intoxicated himself with visions of a crown and the rank of 'Infant' of
+Spain, and from the moment of his apogee was swiftly cast down by his
+brother, Philip II, sent to undertake the impossible task of ruling the
+Low Countries, and left to die, forsaken, of a mysterious illness, at
+the age of twenty-eight, in a camp outside Namur. The story embraces the
+greater part of this Prince's short life, which was one glowing romance
+of love and war, played in the various splendours of Spain, Genoa,
+Venice, Naples, Sicily, Africa, Paris, and Brussels.
+
+
+REMITTANCE BILLY
+
+By Ashton Hilliers, Author of 'Memoirs of a Person of Quality.' Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In this book Mr. Ashton Hilliers, again finding his material in the
+world we live in, tells of the quite excusable muddling of a straight,
+but rather stupid young gentleman, whose ignorance of 'business' is too
+severely punished by 'business-like relations,' who regard him as
+hopeless, until he, saved by his love of nature, and befriended by
+outsiders who see stuff in the fellow, muddles through, to the surprise
+of his family and himself. There is a nice girl in it, and a militant
+suffragette, but only two unfortunate marriages, and one of these comes
+right at last.
+
+
+HONOURS EASY
+
+By Mrs. J. O. Arnold, Author of 'The Fiddler.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+The interest of this story centres in the will of a Professor Clifford,
+in which a large sum of money is left to the scientist who shall within
+a specified time finish the testator's life research. Failing its
+completion the money is to revert to his stepdaughter. Humphrey Wyatt
+undertakes the task, incidentally falling in love with the stepdaughter,
+of whose relationship to the Professor he is unaware. What happens
+before and after he discovers her identity makes a charming romantic
+ending to the book.
+
+
+LONDON LAVENDER: An Entertainment
+
+By E. V. Lucas, Author of 'Mr. Ingleside.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+This will make Mr. Lucas's fourth novel, or 'Entertainment' as he
+prefers to call his stories; and readers of the preceding three may find
+some old acquaintances. The scene is again laid principally in London,
+and again an odd company of types converse and have urbane adventures.
+
+
+THE HOLIDAY ROUND
+
+By A. A. Milne, Author of 'The Day's Play.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+Among our younger humorists none has so quickly found his way to the
+hearts of readers as 'A. A. M.' of Punch, whose special gift and
+privilege it is to touch Wednesdays with irresponsibility and fun. He
+has now brought together a further collection of his contributions to
+Punch, similar in character to The Day's Play published two years
+ago. The history of the Rabbits is continued, and is supplemented by
+'Little Plays for Amateurs,' 'Stories of Successful Lives,' and many
+other of his recent dialogues and sketches.
+
+
+THE ROYAL ROAD: Being the Story of the Life, Death, and Resurrection of
+Edward Hankey of London
+
+By Alfred Ollivant, Author of 'Owd Bob.' Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In the pages of this book the reader follows the courageous spirit of a
+working man down the alley of life. We hear his laughter; share his
+joys; and watch the heroic struggle of his soul against the circumstance
+that is oppressing him. The book, remorseless in its representation of
+things as they are, is strong in hope: for it finds its inspiration in
+the Love that shall some day conquer the world. It is a story for all
+who seek to succour our England in her distress. To read it is to
+understand something of her troubles of this present time, and to have a
+glimpse of the glory that shall be revealed in her. A stern book, it is
+to those who read aright a joyful one. For it is a prophecy of dawn.
+
+
+MARY PECHELL
+
+By Mrs. Belloc Lowndes, Author of 'The Uttermost Farthing,' etc. Crown
+8vo, 6s. [September
+
+In her new novel Mrs. Belloc Lowndes returns to the manner of Barbara
+Rebell. It is an ample, spacious tale of English country-house life,
+laid in a quiet Sussex village, dominated by the ruins of an ancient
+castle, the scene of the last Lord Wolferstan's lawless but not ignoble
+passion. The writer shows all her old power of presenting the passion of
+love in each of its Protean phases. Mary Pechell herself is a lovely,
+gracious figure, whose compelling charm the reader feels from the first.
+In half-humorous, half-pathetic contrast is the middle-aged romance of
+Miss Rose Charnwood, touched with the tenderest sentiment, and not
+belied by the happiness in store both for her and for Mary Pechell
+herself.
+
+
+THE SILVER DRESS
+
+By Mrs. George Norman, Author of 'Lady Fanny.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+A novel describing the life of an attractive and still young woman whose
+circumstances are those of so many others of her type in England, for
+she has no acquaintances but women, is approaching 'the youth of middle
+age' without yet knowing love or any vital interest. Then, quite
+unexpectedly, adventure, and, subsequently, love coming to her, she
+lives for the first time.
+
+
+THE SUBURBAN
+
+By H. C. Bailey, Author of 'Storm and Treasure.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
+[September
+
+In this novel Mr. H. C. Bailey, who is best known by his spirited
+historical romances, has deserted the past for the present. He tells a
+story of modern London. The scenes are laid in poor middle-class life,
+in the worlds of journalism and theoretical revolutionaries and
+business. His hero is one of the most ordinary of men, fighting his way
+up from the borders of poverty to respectable suburban comfort. With him
+is contrasted a much more brilliant creature, an apostle of the newest
+creeds of revolt. Both have to do with the master of one of the great
+modern organizations of finance and industry. In the heroine Mr. Bailey
+has given us a study of one of the newest types of young women of the
+middle class.
+
+
+BETTY HARRIS
+
+By Jennette Lee, Author of 'Uncle William' and 'Happy Island.' Crown
+8vo, 3s. 6d. [September
+
+Betty Harris, the only child of an American millionaire, strays one day
+into the shop of a Greek fruit-dealer, Achilles Alexandrakis, and
+watches the flight of a butterfly that the Greek liberates from its grey
+cocoon. The story is of the friendship that grew out of this meeting,
+and a rescue that grew out of the friendship. This blend of the spirit
+of the old world and the new, meeting in the grimy Chicago shop and
+finding out their need of each other, gives the book a piquancy.
+
+
+THE FOOL IN CHRIST
+
+By Gerhart Hauptmann. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+A translation of Hauptmann's most wonderful novel--a work that attempts
+to place the living human Christ before sophisticated twentieth-century
+eyes. Whatever other effect it may have, the book cannot fail to cause
+discussion. In Quint, a figure at once pathetic and inspiring, the
+author has drawn a character whose divine charm should be felt by every
+reader.
+
+
+CHARLES THE GREAT
+
+By Mrs. H. H. Penrose, Author of 'The Sheltered Woman,' etc. Crown 8vo,
+6s. [September
+
+Charles the Great is a very light comedy, and it therefore counts as a
+new departure for Mrs. H. H. Penrose. Those who like their fiction to
+provide them with 'a good laugh' will doubtless prefer this book, which
+is packed from cover to cover with mirth-provoking material, to those
+other books by the same author, in which humour acts chiefly as
+train-bearer to tragedy. The determination of Charles to invent for
+himself a greatness which he is incapable of otherwise achieving, and
+its effect on his circle of intimates, are set forth in an exceedingly
+lively story, the plot of which it would be unfair to give away.
+
+
+THE ACE OF HEARTS
+
+By C. Thomas-Stanford. Crown 8vo, 6s. [September
+
+An English Member of Parliament, spending a holiday in the Portuguese
+island of Madeira in January 1912, becomes unwittingly privy to a plot
+against the Republican Government. The conspirators, fearful that he
+will betray their secrets, make him prisoner; but he escapes to
+experience a series of adventures on the rugged coast, and amid the wild
+mountains of the island. Through the tangled web of plot and
+counter-plot runs the thread of a love story.
+
+
+METHUEN & CO. LTD., 36 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF BOOKS
+PUBLISHED BY METHUEN
+AND CO. LTD., LONDON
+36 ESSEX STREET
+W.C.
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                             PAGE
+
+General Literature                                              2
+  Ancient Cities                                               12
+  Antiquary's Books                                            12
+  Arden Shakespeare                                            13
+  Classics of Art                                              13
+  "Complete" Series                                            13
+  Connoisseur's Library                                        14
+  Handbooks of English Church History                          14
+  Handbooks of Theology                                        14
+  "Home Life" Series                                           14
+  Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books       15
+  Leaders of Religion                                          15
+  Library of Devotion                                          16
+  Little Books on Art                                          16
+  Little Galleries                                             17
+  Little Guides                                                17
+  Little Library                                               18
+  Little Quarto Shakespeare                                    19
+  Miniature Library                                            19
+  New Library of Medicine                                      19
+  New Library of Music                                         19
+  Oxford Biographies                                           19
+  Three Plays                                                  20
+  States of Italy                                              20
+  Westminster Commentaries                                     20
+  "Young" Series                                               20
+  Shilling Library                                             21
+Books for Travellers                                           21
+Some Books on Art                                              21
+Some Books on Italy                                            22
+Fiction                                                        23
+  Two-Shilling Novels                                          27
+  Books for Boys and Girls                                     27
+  Shilling Novels                                              28
+  Novels of Alexandre Dumas                                    28
+  Sixpenny Books                                               29
+
+
+JULY 1912
+
+
+
+
+A SELECTION OF
+Messrs. Methuen's
+PUBLICATIONS
+
+
+In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
+that the book is in the press.
+
+Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. Methuen's Novels issued
+at a price above 2s. 6d., and similar editions are published of some
+works of General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation
+in the British Colonies and India.
+
+All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought
+at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to
+the discount which the bookseller allows.
+
+Messrs. Methuen's books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If
+there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very
+glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be
+sent on receipt of the published price plus postage for net books, and
+of the published price for ordinary books.
+
+This Catalogue contains only a selection of the more important books
+published by Messrs. Methuen. A complete and illustrated catalogue of
+their publications may be obtained on application.
+
+
+Andrewes (Lancelot). PRECES PRIVATAE. Translated and edited, with Notes,
+by F. E. Brightman. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Aristotle. THE ETHICS. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by John
+Burnet. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Atkinson (C. T.). A HISTORY OF GERMANY, 1715-1815. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Atkinson (T. D.). ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. 3s.
+6d. net.
+
+A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+ENGLISH AND WELSH CATHEDRALS. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bain (F. W.). A DIGIT OF THE MOON: A Hindoo Love Story. Ninth Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE DESCENT OF THE SUN: A Cycle of Birth. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+A HEIFER OF THE DAWN. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+IN THE GREAT GOD'S HAIR. Fifth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+A DRAUGHT OF THE BLUE. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN ESSENCE OF THE DUSK. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+AN INCARNATION OF THE SNOW. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+A MINE OF FAULTS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+THE ASHES OF A GOD. Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+*BUBBLES OF THE FOAM. Fcap 4to. 5s. net. Also Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+
+Balfour (Graham). THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. Illustrated.
+Fifth Edition in one Volume. Cr. 8vo. Buckram, 6s. Also Fcap.
+8vo. 1s. net.
+
+
+Baring (Hon. Maurice). A YEAR IN RUSSIA. Second Edition. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+LANDMARKS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
+net.
+
+RUSSIAN ESSAYS AND STORIES. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.). THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Royal 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+THE TRAGEDY OF THE CAESARS: A Study of the Characters of the Caesars of
+the Julian and Claudian Houses. Illustrated. Seventh Edition. Royal
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+THE VICAR OF MORWENSTOW. With a Portrait. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. *Also Fcap. 8vo. 1s. net.
+
+OLD COUNTRY LIFE. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Large Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF CORNWALL. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF DARTMOOR. Illustrated. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+A BOOK OF DEVON. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.) and Sheppard (H. Fleetwood). A GARLAND OF COUNTRY
+SONG. English Folk Songs with their Traditional Melodies. Demy 4to.
+6s.
+
+SONGS OF THE WEST: Folk Songs of Devon and Cornwall. Collected from the
+Mouths of the People. New and Revised Edition, under the musical
+editorship of Cecil J. Sharp. Large Imperial 8vo. 5s. net.
+
+
+Barker (E.). THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLE. Demy 8vo.
+10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bastable (C. F.). THE COMMERCE OF NATIONS. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
+2s. 6d.
+
+
+Beckford (Peter). THOUGHTS ON HUNTING. Edited by J. Otho Paget.
+Illustrated. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Belloc (H.). PARIS. Illustrated. Second Edition, Revised. Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+HILLS AND THE SEA. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON NOTHING AND KINDRED SUBJECTS. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON EVERYTHING. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ON SOMETHING. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+FIRST AND LAST. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+MARIE ANTOINETTE. Illustrated. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 15s. net.
+
+THE PYRENEES. Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bennett (W. H.). A PRIMER OF THE BIBLE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 2s.
+6d.
+
+
+Bennett (W. H.) and Adeney (W. F.). A BIBLICAL INTRODUCTION. With a
+concise Bibliography. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 7s. 6d. Also in Two
+Volumes. Cr. 8vo. Each 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Benson (Archbishop). GOD'S BOARD. Communion Addresses. Second Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bicknell (Ethel E.). PARIS AND HER TREASURES. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo.
+Round corners. 5s. net.
+
+
+Blake (William). ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOOK OF JOB. With a General
+Introduction by Laurence Binyon. Illustrated. Quarto. 21s. net.
+
+
+Bloemfontein (Bishop of). ARA COELI: An Essay in Mystical Theology.
+Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+FAITH AND EXPERIENCE. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Bowden (E. M.). THE IMITATION OF BUDDHA: Quotations from Buddhist
+Literature for each Day in the Year. Sixth Edition. Cr. 16mo. 2s.
+6d.
+
+
+Brabant (F. G.). RAMBLES IN SUSSEX. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Bradley (A. G.). ROUND ABOUT WILTSHIRE. Illustrated. Second Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE ROMANCE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. Illustrated. Second Edition. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Braid (James). ADVANCED GOLF. Illustrated. Seventh Edition. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Brodrick (Mary) and Morton (A. Anderson). A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF
+EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY. A Handbook for Students and Travellers.
+Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
+
+
+Browning. (Robert). PARACELSUS. Edited with an Introduction, Notes, and
+Bibliography by Margaret L. Lee and Katharine B. Locock. Fcap. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Buckton (A. M.). EAGER HEART: A Christmas Mystery-Play. Tenth Edition.
+Cr. 8vo. 1s. net.
+
+
+Bull (Paul). GOD AND OUR SOLDIERS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Burns (Robert). THE POEMS AND SONGS. Edited by Andrew Lang and W. A.
+Craigie. With Portrait. Third Edition. Wide Demy 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Calman (W. T.). THE LIFE OF CRUSTACEA. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Carlyle (Thomas). THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Edited by C. R. L. Fletcher.
+Three Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 18s.
+
+THE LETTERS AND SPEECHES OF OLIVER CROMWELL. With an Introduction by C.
+H. Firth, and Notes and Appendices by S. C. Lomas. Three Volumes.
+Demy 8vo. 18s. net.
+
+
+Celano (Brother Thomas of). THE LIVES OF S. FRANCIS OF ASSISI.
+Translated by A. G. Ferrers Howell. With a Frontispiece. Cr. 8vo. 5s.
+net.
+
+
+Chambers (Mrs. Lambert). LAWN TENNIS FOR LADIES. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo.
+2s. 6d. net.
+
+
+*Chesser, (Elizabeth Sloan). PERFECT HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Cr.
+8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Chesterfield (Lord). THE LETTERS OF THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD TO HIS SON.
+Edited, with an Introduction by C. Strachey, and Notes by A. Calthrop.
+Two Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 12s.
+
+
+Chesterton (G. K.). CHARLES DICKENS. With two Portraits in Photogravure.
+Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. Sixth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+TREMENDOUS TRIFLES. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+ALARMS AND DISCURSIONS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+THE BALLAD OF THE WHITE HORSE. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+*TYPES OF MEN. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+
+Clausen (George). SIX LECTURES ON PAINTING. Illustrated. Third
+Edition. Large Post 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+AIMS AND IDEALS IN ART. Eight Lectures delivered to the Students of the
+Royal Academy of Arts. Illustrated. Second Edition. Large Post 8vo.
+5s. net.
+
+
+Clutton-Brock (A.). SHELLEY: THE MAN AND THE POET. Illustrated. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Cobb (W. F.). THE BOOK OF PSALMS. With an Introduction and Notes. Demy
+8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Conrad (Joseph). THE MIRROR OF THE SEA: Memories and Impressions. Third
+Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Coolidge (W. A. B.). THE ALPS: IN NATURE AND HISTORY. Illustrated. Demy
+8vo. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+
+*Correvon (H.). ALPINE FLORA. Translated and enlarged by E. W.
+Clayforth. Illustrated. Square Demy 8vo. 16s. net.
+
+
+Coulton (G. G.). CHAUCER AND HIS ENGLAND. Illustrated. Second Edition.
+Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Cowper (William). THE POEMS. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by J.
+C. Bailey. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Cox (J. C.). RAMBLES IN SURREY. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Crowley (Ralph H.). THE HYGIENE OF SCHOOL LIFE. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Davis (H. W. C.). ENGLAND UNDER THE NORMANS AND ANGEVINS: 1066-1272.
+Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.
+
+
+Dawbarn (Charles). FRANCE AND THE FRENCH. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 10s.
+6d. net.
+
+
+Dearmer (Mabel). A CHILD'S LIFE OF CHRIST. Illustrated. Large Cr. 8vo.
+6s.
+
+
+Deffand (Madame du). LETTRES DE MADAME DU DEFFAND A HORACE WALPOLE.
+Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Index, by Mrs. Paget Toynbee. In
+Three Volumes. Demy 8vo. L3 3s. net.
+
+
+Dickinson (G. L.). THE GREEK VIEW OF LIFE. Seventh Edition. Crown
+8vo. 2s. 6d. net.
+
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+Bagot (Richard). A ROMAN MYSTERY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Benson (E. F.). DODO: A Detail of the Day. Sixteenth Edition. Cr.
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+Corelli (Marie). A ROMANCE OF TWO WORLDS. Thirty-first Ed. Cr. 8vo.
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+VENDETTA; or, The Story of one Forgotten. Twenty-ninth Edition. Cr.
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+Croker (B. M.). THE OLD CANTONMENT. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Danby (Frank.). JOSEPH IN JEOPARDY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Doyle (Sir A. Conan). ROUND THE RED LAMP. Twelfth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+
+Fenn (G. Manville). SYD BELTON: The Boy who would not go to Sea.
+Illustrated. Second Ed. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+Findlater (J. H.). THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE. Fifth Edition. Cr.
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+
+THE LADDER TO THE STARS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
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+Findlater (Mary). A NARROW WAY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+OVER THE HILLS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Fry (B. and C. B.). A MOTHER'S SON. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Harraden (Beatrice). IN VARYING MOODS. Fourteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+HILDA STRAFFORD and THE REMITTANCE MAN. Twelfth Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
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+Hichens (Robert). THE PROPHET OF BERKELEY SQUARE. Second Edition. Cr.
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+
+TONGUES OF CONSCIENCE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE WOMAN WITH THE FAN. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+BYEWAYS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE GARDEN OF ALLAH. Twenty-first Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+BARBARY SHEEP. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+THE DWELLER ON THE THRESHOLD. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Hope (Anthony). THE GOD IN THE CAR. Eleventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+A MAN OF MARK. Seventh Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+PHROSO. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+MRS. MAXON PROTESTS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Hutten (Baroness von). THE HALO. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
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+'Inner Shrine' (Author of the). THE WILD OLIVE. Third Edition. Cr.
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+Jacobs (W. W.). MANY CARGOES. Thirty-second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s.
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+A MASTER OF CRAFT. Illustrated. Ninth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+LIGHT FREIGHTS. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+THE SKIPPER'S WOOING. Eleventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+DIALSTONE LANE. Illustrated. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+ODD CRAFT. Illustrated. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
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+THE LADY OF THE BARGE. Illustrated. Ninth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s.
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+James (Henry). THE GOLDEN BOWL. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Le Queux (William). THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER. Third Edition. Cr.
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+
+THE CLOSED BOOK. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW. Illustrated. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+BEHIND THE THRONE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+London (Jack). WHITE FANG. Eighth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Lucas (E. V.). LISTENER'S LURE: An Oblique Narration. Eighth Edition.
+Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+OVER BEMERTON'S: An Easy-going Chronicle. Ninth Edition. Fcap. 8vo.
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+MR. INGLESIDE. Eighth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
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+LONDON LAVENDER. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Lyall (Edna). DERRICK VAUGHAN, NOVELIST. 44th Thousand. Cr. 8vo.
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+Macnaughtan (S.). THE FORTUNE OF CHRISTINA M'NAB. Fifth Edition. Cr.
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+
+PETER AND JANE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+Malet (Lucas). A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+THE WAGES OF SIN. Sixteenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE CARISSIMA. Fifth Ed. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Maxwell (W. B.). THE RAGGED MESSENGER. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
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+THE COUNTESS OF MAYBURY: Between You and I. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+Milne (A. A.). THE DAY'S PLAY. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+
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+Montague (C. E.). A HIND LET LOOSE. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Morrison (Arthur). TALES OF MEAN STREETS. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+A CHILD OF THE JAGO. Sixth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE HOLE IN THE WALL. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+DIVERS VANITIES. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Ollivant (Alfred). OWD BOB, THE GREY DOG OF KENMUIR. With a
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+THE TAMING OF JOHN BLUNT. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Onions (Oliver). GOOD BOY SELDOM: A Romance of Advertisement. Second
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+Oppenheim (E. Phillips). MASTER OF MEN. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+THE MISSING DELORA. Illustrated. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Orczy (Baroness). FIRE IN STUBBLE. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+Oxenham (John). A WEAVER OF WEBS. Illustrated. Fifth Ed. Cr. 8vo.
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+Parker (Gilbert). PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+MRS. FALCHION. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE TRANSLATION OF A SAVAGE. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD. Illustrated. Tenth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC: The Story of a Lost Napoleon. Seventh
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+AN ADVENTURER OF THE NORTH. The Last Adventures of 'Pretty Pierre.'
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+Pasture (Mrs. Henry de la). THE TYRANT. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo.
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+I CROWN THEE KING. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+LOVE THE HARVESTER: A Story of the Shires. Illustrated. Third Edition.
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+Perrin (Alice). THE CHARM. Fifth Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Phillpotts (Eden). LYING PROPHETS. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE HUMAN BOY. With a Frontispiece. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+Weyman (Stanley). UNDER THE RED ROBE. Illustrated. Twenty-third
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+Whitby (Beatrice). ROSAMUND. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE UNOFFICIAL HONEYMOON. Seventh Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
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+THE CAREER OF BEAUTY DARLING. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
+
+
+Methuen's Two-Shilling Novels.
+
+Crown 8vo. 2s. net.
+
+*Botor Chaperon, The. C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
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+*Call of the Blood, The. Robert Hichens.
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+Car of Destiny and its Errand in Spain, The. C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
+
+Clementina. A. E. W. Mason.
+
+Colonel Enderby's Wife. Lucas Malet.
+
+Felix. Robert Hichens.
+
+Gate of the Desert, The. John Oxenham.
+
+My Friend the Chauffeur. C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
+
+Princess Virginia, The. C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
+
+Seats of the Mighty, The. Sir Gilbert Parker.
+
+Servant of the Public, A. Anthony Hope.
+
+*Set in Silver. C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
+
+Severins, The. Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick.
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+Sir Richard Calmady. Lucas Malet.
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+*Vivien. W. B. Maxwell.
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+Books for Boys and Girls.
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+Hepsy Gipsy. L. T. Meade. 2s. 6d.
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+Honourable Miss, The. L. T. Meade.
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+Master Rockafellar's Voyage. W. Clark Russell.
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+Only a Guard-Room Dog. Edith E. Cuthell.
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+Red Grange, The. Mrs. Molesworth.
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+Syd Belton: The Boy who would not go to Sea. G. Manville Fenn.
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+There was once a Prince. Mrs. M. E. Mann.
+
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+Methuen's Shilling Novels.
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+*Anna of the Five Towns. Arnold Bennett.
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+Barbary Sheep. Robert Hichens.
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+Charm, The. Alice Perrin.
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+
+Guarded Flame, The. W. B. Maxwell.
+
+Jane. Marie Corelli.
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+Lady Betty Across the Water. C. N. & A. M. Williamson.
+
+*Long Road, The. John Oxenham.
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+Mighty Atom, The. Marie Corelli.
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+Mirage. E. Temple Thurston.
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+Missing Delora, The. E. Phillips Oppenheim.
+
+Round the Red Lamp. Sir A. Conan Doyle.
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+*Secret Woman, The. Eden Phillpotts.
+
+*Severins, The. Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick.
+
+Spanish Gold. G. A. Birmingham.
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+Tales of Mean Streets. Arthur Morrison.
+
+The Halo. The Baroness von Hutten.
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+*Tyrant, The. Mrs. Henry de la Pasture.
+
+Under the Red Robe. Stanley J. Weyman.
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+Virginia Perfect. Peggy Webling.
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+Woman with the Fan, The. Robert Hichens.
+
+
+The Novels of Alexandre Dumas.
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+Medium 8vo. Price 6d. Double Volumes, 1s.
+
+     Acte.
+     Adventures of Captain Pamphile, The.
+     Amaury.
+     Bird of Fate, The.
+     Black Tulip, The.
+     Black: the Story of a Dog.
+     Castle of Eppstein, The.
+     Catherine Blum.
+     Cecile.
+     Chatelet, The.
+     Chevalier D'Harmental, The. (Double volume.)
+     Chicot the Jester.
+     Chicot Redivivus.
+     Comte de Montgommery, The.
+     Conscience.
+     Convict's Son, The.
+     Corsican Brothers, The; and Otho the Archer.
+     Crop-Eared Jacquot.
+     Dom Gorenflot.
+     Duc d'Anjou, The.
+     Fatal Combat, The.
+     Fencing Master, The.
+     Fernande.
+     Gabriel Lambert.
+     Georges.
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+     Henri de Navarre.
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+     St. Quentin.
+     Robin Hood.
+     Samuel Gelb.
+     Snowball and the Sultanetta, The.
+     Sylvandire.
+     Taking of Calais, The.
+     Tales of the Supernatural.
+     Tales of Strange Adventure.
+     Tales of Terror.
+     Three Musketeers, The. (Double volume.)
+     Tourney of the Rue St. Antoine.
+     Tragedy of Nantes, The.
+     Twenty Years After. (Double volume.)
+     Wild-Duck Shooter, The.
+     Wolf-Leader, The.
+
+
+Methuen's Sixpenny Books.
+
+Medium 8vo.
+
+
+Albanesi (E. Maria). LOVE AND LOUISA.
+
+I KNOW A MAIDEN.
+
+THE BLUNDER OF AN INNOCENT.
+
+PETER A PARASITE.
+
+*THE INVINCIBLE AMELIA.
+
+
+Anstey (F.). A BAYARD OF BENGAL.
+
+
+Austen (J.). PRIDE AND PREJUDICE.
+
+
+Bagot (Richard). A ROMAN MYSTERY.
+
+CASTING OF NETS.
+
+DONNA DIANA.
+
+
+Balfour (Andrew). BY STROKE OF SWORD.
+
+
+Baring-Gould (S.). FURZE BLOOM.
+
+CHEAP JACK ZITA.
+
+KITTY ALONE.
+
+URITH.
+
+THE BROOM SQUIRE.
+
+IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA.
+
+NOEMI.
+
+A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES. Illustrated.
+
+LITTLE TU'PENNY.
+
+WINEFRED.
+
+THE FROBISHERS.
+
+THE QUEEN OF LOVE.
+
+ARMINELL.
+
+BLADYS OF THE STEWPONEY.
+
+CHRIS OF ALL SORTS.
+
+
+Barr (Robert). JENNIE BAXTER.
+
+IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS.
+
+THE COUNTESS TEKLA.
+
+THE MUTABLE MANY.
+
+
+Benson (E. F.). DODO.
+
+THE VINTAGE.
+
+
+Bronte (Charlotte). SHIRLEY.
+
+
+Brownell (C. L.). THE HEART OF JAPAN.
+
+
+Burton (J. Bloundelle). ACROSS THE SALT SEAS.
+
+
+Caffyn (Mrs.). ANNE MAULEVERER.
+
+
+Capes (Bernard). THE GREAT SKENE MYSTERY.
+
+
+Clifford (Mrs. W. K.). A FLASH OF SUMMER.
+
+MRS. KEITH'S CRIME.
+
+
+Corbett (Julian). A BUSINESS IN GREAT WATERS.
+
+
+Croker (Mrs. B. M.). ANGEL.
+
+A STATE SECRET.
+
+PEGGY OF THE BARTONS.
+
+JOHANNA.
+
+
+Dante (Alighieri). THE DIVINE COMEDY (Cary).
+
+
+Doyle (Sir A. Conan). ROUND THE RED LAMP.
+
+
+Duncan (Sara Jeannette).THOSE DELIGHTFUL AMERICANS.
+
+
+Eliot (George). THE MILL ON THE FLOSS.
+
+
+Findlater (Jane H.). THE GREEN GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE.
+
+
+Gallon (Tom). RICKERBY'S FOLLY.
+
+
+Gaskell (Mrs.). CRANFORD.
+
+MARY BARTON.
+
+NORTH AND SOUTH.
+
+
+Gerard (Dorothea). HOLY MATRIMONY.
+
+THE CONQUEST OF LONDON.
+
+MADE OF MONEY.
+
+
+Gissing (G.). THE TOWN TRAVELLER.
+
+THE CROWN OF LIFE.
+
+
+Glanville (Ernest). THE INCA'S TREASURE.
+
+THE KLOOF BRIDE.
+
+
+Gleig (Charles). BUNTER'S CRUISE.
+
+
+Grimm (The Brothers). GRIMM'S FAIRY TALES.
+
+
+Hope (Anthony). A MAN OF MARK.
+
+A CHANGE OF AIR.
+
+THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO.
+
+PHROSO.
+
+THE DOLLY DIALOGUES.
+
+
+Hornung (E. W.). DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES.
+
+
+Hyne (C. J. C.). PRINCE RUPERT THE BUCCANEER.
+
+
+Ingraham (J. H.). THE THRONE OF DAVID.
+
+
+Le Queux (W.). THE HUNCHBACK OF WESTMINSTER.
+
+THE CROOKED WAY.
+
+THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW.
+
+
+Levett-Yeats (S. K.). THE TRAITOR'S WAY.
+
+ORRAIN.
+
+
+Linton (E. Lynn). THE TRUE HISTORY OF JOSHUA DAVIDSON.
+
+
+Lyall (Edna). DERRICK VAUGHAN.
+
+
+Malet (Lucas). THE CARISSIMA.
+
+A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION.
+
+
+Mann (Mrs. M. E.). MRS. PETER HOWARD.
+
+A LOST ESTATE.
+
+THE CEDAR STAR.
+
+THE PATTEN EXPERIMENT.
+
+A WINTER'S TALE.
+
+
+Marchmont (A. W.). MISER HOADLEY'S SECRET.
+
+A MOMENT'S ERROR.
+
+
+Marryat (Captain). PETER SIMPLE.
+
+JACOB FAITHFUL.
+
+
+March (Richard). A METAMORPHOSIS.
+
+THE TWICKENHAM PEERAGE.
+
+THE GODDESS.
+
+THE JOSS.
+
+
+Mason (A. E. W.). CLEMENTINA.
+
+
+Mathers (Helen). HONEY.
+
+GRIFF OF GRIFFITHSCOURT.
+
+SAM'S SWEETHEART.
+
+THE FERRYMAN.
+
+
+Meade (Mrs. L. T.). DRIFT.
+
+
+Miller (Esther). LIVING LIES.
+
+
+Mitford (Bertram). THE SIGN OF THE SPIDER.
+
+
+Montresor (F. F.). THE ALIEN.
+
+
+Morrison (Arthur). THE HOLE IN THE WALL.
+
+
+Nesbit (E.). THE RED HOUSE.
+
+
+Norris (W. E.). HIS GRACE.
+
+GILES INGILBY.
+
+THE CREDIT OF THE COUNTY.
+
+LORD LEONARD THE LUCKLESS.
+
+MATTHEW AUSTEN.
+
+CLARISSA FURIOSA.
+
+
+Oliphant (Mrs.). THE LADY'S WALK.
+
+SIR ROBERT'S FORTUNE.
+
+THE PRODIGALS
+
+THE TWO MARYS.
+
+
+Oppenheim (E. P.). MASTER OF MEN.
+
+
+Parker (Sir Gilbert). THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES.
+
+WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC.
+
+THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD.
+
+
+Pemberton (Max). THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE.
+
+I CROWN THEE KING.
+
+
+Phillpotts (Eden). THE HUMAN BOY.
+
+CHILDREN OF THE MIST.
+
+THE POACHER'S WIFE.
+
+THE RIVER.
+
+
+'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch). THE WHITE WOLF.
+
+
+Ridge (W. Pett). A SON OF THE STATE.
+
+LOST PROPERTY.
+
+GEORGE and THE GENERAL.
+
+A BREAKER OF LAWS.
+
+ERB.
+
+
+Russell (W. Clark). ABANDONED.
+
+A MARRIAGE AT SEA.
+
+MY DANISH SWEETHEART.
+
+HIS ISLAND PRINCESS.
+
+
+Sergeant (Adeline). THE MASTER OF BEECHWOOD.
+
+BALBARA'S MONEY.
+
+THE YELLOW DIAMOND.
+
+THE LOVE THAT OVERCAME.
+
+
+Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred). THE KINSMAN.
+
+
+Surtees (R. S.). HANDLEY CROSS.
+
+MR. SPONGE'S SPORTING TOUR.
+
+ASK MAMMA.
+
+
+Walford (Mrs. L. B.). MR. SMITH.
+
+COUSINS.
+
+THE BABY'S GRANDMOTHER.
+
+TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS.
+
+
+Wallace (General Lew). BEN-HUR.
+
+THE FAIR GOD.
+
+
+Watson (H. B. Marriott). THE ADVENTURERS.
+
+CAPTAIN FORTUNE.
+
+
+Weekes (A. B.). PRISONERS OF WAR.
+
+
+Wells (H. G.). THE SEA LADY.
+
+
+Whitby (Beatrice). THE RESULT OF AN ACCIDENT.
+
+
+White (Percy). A PASSIONATE PILGRIM.
+
+
+Williamson (Mrs. C. N.). PAPA.
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED,
+LONDON AND WOKING.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
+
+
+The word "earth-bound" appears with and without an hyphen. The word has
+been spelled as in the original.
+
+Variations in spelling appear as in the original. Examples include the
+following:
+
+     lechugilla/lechuguillas
+     RUBA'IYAT/Rubaiyat
+     werewolfes/werwolfs/werwolves/WEREWOLVES
+
+The following words use an oe ligature in the original:
+
+     asafoetida
+     COELI
+     Manoeuvres
+
+The name "E. OE. Somerville" uses an oe ligature in the original.
+
+Ellipses appear as in the original.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Werwolves, by Elliott O'Donnell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WERWOLVES ***
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