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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2, 
+February 1886, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2,  February 1886
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2008 [EBook #26682]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+   DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+   Vol. XV.    BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.     No. 2
+
+     "THE future of the Irish race in this country, will depend largely
+     upon their capability of assuming an independent attitude in
+     American politics."--RIGHT REV. DOCTOR IRELAND, _St. Paul_, _Minn._
+
+
+
+
+
+The Columbian Abbey of Derry.
+
+
+One bright sunny day last summer I found myself in the city of Derry,
+with some hours to spare. I passed them in rambling aimlessly about
+whither fancy or accident led me,--now on the walls, endeavoring to
+recall the particulars of that siege so graphically described by
+Macaulay, now in the Protestant Cathedral musing on the proximity of
+luxuriously-cushioned pew and cold sepulchral monument along which the
+sun, streaming through the stained windows, threw a mellow glow that
+softened but did not remove the hideousness of the death's emblems on
+them--now wandering down the busy street and admiring the beauties of
+the Casino College, which, like the alien cathedral a little distance
+up, rejoices in the patronage of St. Columb and is built on the site of
+his old monastery. Here I lingered long, trying to picture to myself the
+olden glories of the spot on which I stood, for
+
+   "I do love these ancient ruins;
+   We never tread upon them
+   But we set our foot upon some reverend history;"
+
+although here not an ivy-clasped gable, or even a mossy stone remains to
+claim the "passing tribute" of a sigh, or a vain regret for the golden
+days of our Irish Church. Yet its very barrenness of ruins made it
+dearer to my heart, for one never clings more fondly to the memory of a
+dear friend than when all mementoes of him are lost. As warned by the
+stroke of the town-clock, I hurried down to the station to be whirled
+away to Dublin, I thought that perhaps my fellow-readers of the MAGAZINE
+would bear with me while I gossiped for half an hour on the story of
+this grand old monastery, the mother-house of Iona.
+
+You know where Derry is, or if you don't your atlas will tell you, that
+it is away up in the north of Ireland, where, situated on the shores of
+the Lough Foyle, coiling its streets round the slopes of a hill till on
+the very summit they culminate in the cross-crowned tower of St.
+Columb's Cathedral, it lies in the midst of a beautiful country just
+like a cameo fallen into a basket of flowers. The houses cluster round
+the base of the hill on the land side, spread themselves in irregular
+masses over the adjoining level, or clamber up the opposite rise on the
+brow of which stands St. Eugene's Cathedral, yet unfinished, and the
+pile of turrets which constitute Magee College. A noble bridge spans the
+Foyle, and through a forest of shipmasts one may see on the other side
+the city rising up from the water, and stretching along the bending
+shore till it becomes lost in the villa-studded woods of Prehen.
+
+The massive walls, half hidden by encroaching commerce, the grim-looking
+gates, and the old rusty cannon whose mouth thundered the "No" of the
+"Maiden City" to the rough advances of James, in 1689, give the city a
+medi�val air that well accords with its monastic origin. For, let her
+citizens gild the bitter pill as they may, the cradle of Derry--the
+Rochelle of Irish Protestantism--was rocked by monks--aye, by monks in
+as close communion with Rome as are the dread Jesuits to-day.
+
+Fourteen hundred years ago the Foyle flowed on to mingle its waters with
+ocean as calmly as it does to-day, but its peaceful bosom reflected a
+far different scene. Then the fair, fresh face of nature was unsullied
+by the hand of man. "The tides flowed round the hill which was of an
+oval form, and rose 119 feet above the level of the sea, thus forming an
+island of about 200 acres."[1] A Daire or oak grove spread its leafy
+shade over the whole, and gave shelter to the red deer and an unceasing
+choir of little songsters. It was called in the language of the time
+"Daire-Calgachi." The first part of the name in the modern form of
+Derry, still remains--though now the stately rows of oak have given way
+to the streets of a busy city, and the smoke of numerous factories
+clouds the atmosphere.
+
+One day, in the early part of 546, there visited the grove, in company
+with the local chieftain, a youth named Columba, a scion of the royal
+race of the O'Donnells. He was captivated by its beauty. It seemed the
+very spot for the monastery he was anxious to establish. He was only a
+deacon; but the fame of his sanctity had already filled the land, and
+the princes of his family were ever urging him to found a monastery
+whose monks, they hoped, would reflect his virtues and increase the
+faith and piety of their clan. This seemed the very spot for such an
+establishment. The neighborhood of the royal fortress of Aileach, that
+
+       "Sits evermore like a queen on her throne
+   And smiles on the valleys of green Innishowen,"
+
+promised security; the river an unfailing supply of fish; the woods
+material to build with; and, better than all, the lord of the district
+was his cousin Ainmire, from whom Columba had only to ask to receive. He
+did ask the island for God, and his request was joyfully complied with.
+
+It was just three years after the deacon-abbot of Monte Casino had
+passed to his reward, that the young Irish deacon began his monastery.
+To erect monastic buildings in those days was a work of very little
+labor. A wooden church, destined in the course of time to give place to
+a more durable edifice--the seat of a bishopric--was first erected. Then
+the cells of the monks were put up. They were of circular form and of
+the simplest construction. A stout post was firmly planted in what was
+to be the centre, and a number of slighter poles were then placed at
+equal distances round it. The interstices--space however having been
+left for a door--were filled up with willow or hazel saplings in the
+form of basketwork. From the outer poles rafters sprang to the
+centre-posts, and across them were laid rows of laths over which a fibry
+web of sod was thrown, and the whole thatched with straw or rushes. The
+inside of the wall was lined with moss--the outside plastered with soft
+clay. A rough wooden bed--and in the case of Columba himself and many of
+his monks--a stone pillow, a polaire or leathern satchel for holding
+books, a writing-desk and seat, formed the furniture of this rude cell,
+which was the ordinary dwelling of monk and student during the golden
+age of the Irish Church.
+
+Only a few weeks elapsed from the time that the first tree was felled
+till the new community, or rather order, took up their abode in it, and
+the swelling strain of their vespers was borne down the Lough by the
+rippling breeze and echoed by the religious, whose convents, presided
+over by SS. Frigidian and Cardens sentinelled the mouth of the Lough at
+Moville and Coleraine. The habit of these monks--similar to that of Iona
+and Lindisfarne, consisted of "[2]the cowl--of coarse texture, made of
+wool, retaining its natural color and the tunic, or under habit, which
+was also white. If the weather was particularly severe an amphibalus, or
+double mantle, was permitted. When engaged at work on the farm the
+brethern wore sandals which were not used within the monastery."
+
+Though their time was mainly devoted to prayer, meditation and the
+various other religious exercises, yet their rule made them apply every
+spare moment to copying and illuminating MSS. or some other kind of
+manual or intellectual labor, according as their strength and talents
+permitted. By this, people were attracted to the spot. Houses sprang up
+in the neighborhood of the monastery, that continually increasing in
+number, at length grew into a city, just as from a similar monastic germ
+have sprung nearly all the great German cities.
+
+Columba in the busy years that elapsed between 546 and his final
+departure from Ireland in 563, looked upon Derry as his home. It was his
+first and dearest monastery. It was in his own Tyrconnell, but a few
+miles from that home by Lough Gartan, where he first saw the light, and
+from his foster home amid the mountains of Kilmacrenan, that, rising
+with their green belts of trees and purple mantles of heather over the
+valleys, seemed like huge festoons hung from the blue-patched horizon.
+Then the very air was redolent of sanctity. If he turned to the south,
+the warm breezes that swayed his cowl reminded him that away behind
+those wooded hills in Ardstraw, prayed Eugene, destined to share with
+him the patronage of the diocese, and that farther up, St. Creggan,
+whose name the Presbyterian farmers unconsciously preserve in the
+designation of their townland, Magheracreggan, presided over
+Scarrabern, the daughter-house of Ardstraw. Then turning slowly
+northwards he would meet with the persons, or relics, of St. O'Heney in
+Banagher, St. Sura in Maghera, St. Martin in Desertmartin, St. Canice in
+Limavady, St. Goar in Aghadoey, St. Cardens in Coleraine, St. Frigidian
+in Moville, St. Comgell in Culdaff, St. McCartin in Donagh, St. Egneach
+in the wildly beautiful pass of Mamore, St. Mura in Fahan, and his own
+old teacher, St. Cruithnecan in Kilmacrenan. All these, and many others,
+whose names tradition but feebly echoes, were contemporary, or nearly
+so, with him; and with many of them, he was united in the warmest bonds
+of friendship,--a friendship that served to rivet him the more to Derry.
+Even the budding glories of Durrow and Kells could not draw him away
+from his "loved oak-grove;" and at length, when the time had come for
+him to go forth and plant the faith in a foreign land, it was the monks
+of Derry who received his last embrace ere he seated himself with his
+twelve companions, also monks of Derry, in his little osier coracle, and
+with tearful eyes watched his grove till the topmost leaf had sunk
+beneath the curving wave.
+
+When twenty-seven years after he visited his native land, as the deputy
+of an infant nation and the saviour of the bards, on whom, but for his
+kindly intercession, the hand of infuriated justice had heavily fallen,
+his first visit was to Derry. It was probably during this visit that he
+founded that church on the other side of the Foyle, whose ivy-clad walls
+and gravelled area the reader of "Thackeray's Sketch Book" may remember;
+but few know that it was wantonly demolished by Dr. Weston (1467-1484),
+the only Englishman who ever held the See of Derry; and "who," adds
+Colgan, "began out of the ruins to build a palace for himself, which the
+avenging hand of God did not allow him to complete."
+
+Columba's heart ever yearned to Derry. In one of his poems he tells us
+"how my boat would fly if its prow were turned to my Irish oak grove."
+And one day when "that grey eye, which ever turned to Erin," was gazing
+wistfully at the horizon, where Ireland ought to appear, his love for
+Derry found expression in a little poem, the English version of which I
+transcribed from Cardinal Moran's "Irish Saints."
+
+   "Were the tribute of all Alba mine,
+   From its centre to its border,
+   I would prefer the sight of one cell
+   In the middle of fair Derry.
+
+   "The reason I love Derry is
+   For its quietness, for its purity;
+   Crowded full of heaven's angels,
+   Is every leaf of the oaks of Derry.
+
+   "My Derry, my little oak grove,
+   My abode and my little cell,
+   O eternal God in heaven above,
+   Woe be to him who violates it."
+
+With the same love that he himself had for his "little oak grove," he
+seems to have inspired the annalists of his race, for on turning over
+the pages of the Four Masters, the eye is arrested by such entries as,--
+
+   "1146, a violent tempest blew down sixty oaks in Derry-Columbkille."
+   "1178, a storm prostrated one hundred and twenty oaks in
+   Derry-Columbkille."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These little tokens of reverence for the trees, which had been
+sanctified by his presence and love, show us how deep a root his memory
+had in the affections of the Donegal Franciscans, when they paused in
+their serious and compendious work to record every little accident that
+happened to his monastery. But, alas, all the protection that
+O'Donnell's clan might afford, all the fear that Columba's "Woe" might
+inspire, could not save his grove. Like many a similar one in Ireland,
+storms, and the destructive hand of man, have combined to blot it off
+the face of the landscape, and nothing now remains but the name.
+
+The monastery, too, shared the same fate. Burned by the Danes in 812,
+989, 997 and 1095, phoenix-like it rose again from its ashes, each
+time in greater beauty. The church, after one of these burnings, was
+rebuilt of stone; and from its charred and blackened appearance after
+the next burning, received the name of Dubh-Regles or Black Church of
+the Abbey--a name by which in the Annals the monastery itself is often
+called.
+
+But Derry had other enemies than the Danes. In 1124 we find "Ardgar,
+Prince of Aileach, killed by the ecclesiastics of Doire-Columbkille in
+the defence of their church. His followers in revenge burned the town
+and churches." The then abbot was St. Gelasius, who, after presiding
+sixteen years over the monastery, which he had entered a novice in early
+youth, was, in 1137, raised to the Primatial See of Armagh; and dying in
+1174, nearly closes the long calendar of Irish Saints. The first year of
+his abbacy (1121) had been marked by the death in the monastery of
+"Domwald Magloughlin Ardrigh of Erin, a generous prince, charitable to
+the poor and liberal to the rich, who, feeling his end approaching, had
+withdrawn thither,"--a fact which shows the great veneration in which
+this monastery was held.
+
+The name of the next abbot, Flathbert O'Brolcan, or Bradley, is one of
+the brightest in the Annals of Derry. He was greatly distinguished for
+his sanctity and learning, but still more for his administrative
+abilities. As abbot of Derry he was present at the Synod of Kells in
+1152. Six years after, at the Synod of Brightaig (near Trim, county
+Meath), a continuation or prorogation of that of Kells, Derry was
+created an Episcopal See and Flathbert appointed its first bishop. A
+much more honorable distinction was given him, when by the same synod,
+he was appointed "prefect general of all the abbeys of Ireland," an
+appointment which must probably be limited to the Columbian Abbeys,
+which were at the time very numerous. Some idea of the wealth and power
+of the Columbian order may be gathered from the records that the Masters
+have given us of Flathbert's visitations. "In 1150 he visited Tireoghain
+(Tyrone), and obtained a horse from every chieftain; a cow from every
+two biataghs; a cow from every three freeholders; a cow from every four
+villeins; and twenty cows from the king himself; a gold ring of five
+ounces, his horse and battle-dregs from the son of O'Lochlain, king of
+Ireland." "In 1153 he visited Down and Antrim and got a horse from
+every chieftain; a sheep from every hearth; a horse and five cows from
+O'Dunlevy, and an ounce of gold from his wife." And in 1161 he visited
+Ossory, and "in lieu of the tribute of seven score oxen due to him,
+accepted four hundred and twenty ounces of pure silver."
+
+But though thus honored by the hierarchy and people, enemies were not
+wanting to him. In 1144 the monastery had been burned and hostile clouds
+were again gathering round it, when in 1163 Flathbert erected a cashel
+or series of earthen fortifications, which baffled for a time the enmity
+of the plunderer. A passing calm was thus assured him, of which he took
+advantage, in 1164, to commence the building of his Cathedral, called in
+Irish "Teampull-mor," a name which one of the city parishes still
+retains. But the times were troublous, and hardly was the Cathedral
+finished than we find in 1166 "O'More burning Derry as far as the church
+Dubh-Regles."
+
+In 1175, on the death of their abbot the monks of Iona elected
+Flathbert; but he felt that the shadows of death were gathering round
+him, and he would not leave his own monastery of Derry. He died the same
+year, and "was buried in the monastery, leaving a great reputation for
+wisdom and liberality;" but before his death he had the pleasure of
+knowing that "1175, Donough O'Carolan perfected a treaty of friendship
+with the abbey and town, and gave to the abbey a betagh townland of
+Donoughmore and certain duties."
+
+Some years before his death Flathbert had resigned the See of Derry in
+favor of Dr. Muredach O'Coffey,[3] who, having been consecrated bishop
+of Ardstraw had, in 1150, transferred that See to Maghera or Rathlure,
+thus uniting Ardstraw and Rathlure. His accession to Derry joined the
+three into one, to which under Dr. O'Carolan in the next century,
+Innishowen was added, thus forming the modern diocese.
+
+Dr. O'Coffey took up his residence in the abbey where, on the 10th of
+February, 1173, he breathed his last. Archdall in his Monasticon calls
+him "St. Muredach;" but the old Annalists content themselves with saying
+that "he was the sun of science, the precious stone and resplendent gem
+of knowledge, the bright star and rich treasury of learning; and as in
+charity so, too, was he powerful in pilgrimage and prayer." The Masters
+add that "a great miracle was performed on the night of his death; the
+dark night was illumined from midnight to day-break; and the neighboring
+parts of the world which were visible were in one blaze of light; and
+all persons arose from their beds imagining it was day."
+
+But I must now hasten to the end, for there is little in the history of
+the next four centuries over which one loves to linger. The story it
+tells is the old one of robberies and murders and burnings. It records
+the first rumblings of that storm so soon to break over that land and
+make of our island a vast coliseum, drenching it with the blood of
+martyrs. I have often thought what a pang it must have cost the heart of
+Brother Michael Oblery to pen such entries as these:
+
+     "1195, Rury, son of Dunlere, chief of Ulidia, plunders
+     Derry-Columbkille with an English force."
+
+     "1197, Sir John De Courcy plunders the abbey of Derry."
+
+     "1198, Sir John De Courcy again plunders Derry abbey."
+
+How his eyes must have filled as he glanced in memory over the long tale
+of his country's sufferings, on the record of which he was about to
+enter. 'Twas bad enough to see the Dane lay sacrilegious hands on the
+sacred vessels; but it was worse still to behold one's fellow-Catholic
+apply the robber's torch to the church of God where, perhaps, at that
+very moment our Lord himself lay hid under the sacramental veils. Yet
+these were the men who, from the Loire to the Jordan had fought the
+church's battle so gallantly,--whose countrymen would only hold the
+Calabrian kingdom, that their lances had purchased so dearly, as vassals
+of the Pope,--the very men who themselves were studding the Pale with
+those architectural gems, of which the ruins of Dunbrody and its sister
+abbeys still speak so eloquently. It was a strange fancy that made them
+tumble the Irish monastery to-day, and lay the foundation of an
+Anglo-Irish one to-morrow. Yet so it was; for in the charters of many of
+those monasteries, in which, it was enacted in 1380, that no mere
+Irishman should be allowed to take vows, the name of John De Courcy is
+entered as founder or benefactor. One hardly knows whether to condemn
+him for destroying Columba's favorite abbey, or praise him for the
+solicitude he expresses in his letter to the Pope for the proper
+preservation of Columba's relics. The acts of the man and his nation are
+so contradictory, that the only reasonable conclusion we can draw from
+them is the practical one, never again to wonder that the faith of such
+men withered at the first blast of persecution.
+
+Nevertheless, the monastery survived these attacks; for in the early
+part of the fifteenth century, we find the then abbot of Derry
+negotiating a peace between the English and O'Donnell. But in its
+subsequent annals nothing more than the mere date of an inmate's death
+meets us till we come to the great catastrophe, which ended at once the
+monastery and order of Columba. Cox thus tells the story: "Colonel
+Saintlow succeeded Randolph in the command of the garrison and lived as
+quietly as could be desired, for the rebels were so daunted by the
+former defeat that they did not dare to make any new attempt; but
+unluckily on the 24th of April, 1566, the ammunition took fire and blew
+up the town and fort of Derry, so that the soldiers were obliged to
+embark for Dublin."[4] "This disaster was regarded at the time as a
+divine chastisement for the profanation of St. Columba's church and
+cell, the latter being used by the heretical soldiery as a repository of
+ammunition, while the former was defiled by their profane worship."[5]
+
+                                                     J. MCH.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 1: Sampson.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Cardinal Moran "Irish Saints in G. Brit." p 121.]
+
+[Footnote 3: Theiner. Mon. Vat. p. 48.]
+
+
+An actor once delivered a letter of introduction to a manager, which
+described him as an actor of great merit, and concluded: "He plays
+Virginius, Richelieu, Hamlet, Shylock, and billiards. He plays billiards
+the best."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 4: Cox. Hist. pt. I. p. 322.]
+
+[Footnote 5: O'Sulliv. Cath. Hist. p. 96.]
+
+
+
+
+The Penitent on the Cross.
+
+
+   Few deeds of guilt are strangers to my eyes,
+     These hands of mine have wrought full share of sin,
+   My very heart seemed steeled to pity's cries:
+     Whence then this thought that melts my soul within?
+
+   What is there in that Form that moves me so?
+     So sweet a victim ne'er mine eyes beheld;
+   That beauteous face, that majesty of woe,
+     That hidden something from my sight withheld.
+
+   Cease thou at least, nor join the mocking throng,
+     Thou heartless sharer in our common doom!
+   Just meed for us, but He hath done no wrong;
+     All seems so strange--what means the gathering gloom?
+
+   That lonely mother, there oppressed with woe,
+     O'erheard me now I saw her raise her eyes;
+   To bless me--and with clasping hands as though
+     She craved a something, through the darkening skies.
+
+   Hear how the priests discuss with mocking scorn
+     The triple scroll above His crown�d head.
+   "Jesus of Nazareth," the lowly born;
+     "King of the Jews," in Royal David's stead.
+
+   Ah, me; but I have heard that name of old
+     From waylaid victims in my outlaw den.
+   They won me from fell purpose as they told
+     His deeds of love and wonder amongst men.
+
+   They told me how the sea in billows dashed
+     Became as marble smooth beneath His feet;
+   How He rebuked the winds to fury lashed,
+     And they were hushed to murmurs low and sweet.
+
+   He, then it was that gave the blind their sight,
+     And made the palsied leap with bounding tread;
+   And as you'd wake the sleeping in the night
+     From even their sleep awoke the slumbering dead.
+
+   Oh, Master, had I known Thee in those days,
+     Fain might I too have followed Thee as Friend;
+   But then I was an outlaw by the ways,
+     And now 'tis late--my days are at an end.
+
+   "No, not too late." Oh, God! whose is that voice
+     That sounds within me such a heavenly strain,
+   And makes my being to its depths rejoice
+     As if it felt creation's touch again?
+
+   What is that light, that glorious light which brings
+     Such wondrous knowledge of things all unseen,
+   And yet wherein I see fair, far-off things
+     To mortal vision hid, however keen.
+
+   And centred in that flood of golden light,
+     One truth that catches all its scattered beams--
+   Illumed above the rest so fair, so bright:
+     It is thy God whose blood beside thee streams.
+
+   Oh, God of glory! hear the outlaw's prayer,
+     And in Thy home but kindly think of me;
+   I dare but ask to be remembered there,
+     Nor heaven I seek, but to be loved by Thee.
+
+   From off the Cross whereon the Saviour hung
+     Fell on his ears response of wondrous love,
+   More sweet than though the cherubim had sung
+     The sweetest songs they sing in heaven above.
+
+   Yes, loved but not remembered thou shalt be--
+     The absent only may remembrance claim--
+   But in my kingdom thou shalt dwell with me,
+     Companion of my glory as my shame.
+
+   Amen, amen, I say to thee that thou,
+     Ere yet another day illume the skies,
+   With crown unlike to this that binds my brow
+     Shalt share the glories of my paradise.
+
+                                                 F. E. EMON.
+
+
+
+
+The Celt in America.
+
+It is the common delusion of our day that Americans as a people are of
+Anglo-Saxon lineage. This has been said and reiterated, until it
+descends into the lowest depths of sycophancy and utter folly. It is
+false in fact, for above all other claimants, that of the Celt is by far
+the best. Glancing back to our primeval history, we find the Kelt to be
+the centre-figure of its legends and traditions. We are told by an old
+chronicle, that Brendan, an Irishman, discovered this continent about
+550 A. D., and named it Irland-Kir-Mikla, or Great Eire; this is
+corroborated by the Scandinavians. Iceland was settled in the sixth
+century by Irish, and when the Norsemen settled there, they found the
+remains of an Irish civilization in churches, ruins, crosses and urns:
+thus, it is not at all improbable that the Celts of those islands sent
+out exploring parties who discovered for the first time the American
+continent. Passing over the myths and legends of that curious and quaint
+era, let us read the pages of authentic American history.
+
+On that memorable October day, when the caravels of Columbus came to
+anchor in the New World, the Celt acted well his part in that great
+drama. He who first reached land, from the ships of Columbus, was a
+Patrick Maguiras, an Irishman. Columbus in his second voyage had on
+board an Irish priest, Father Boyle, and several of his crew were Celts.
+In the early discoveries and settlements the Kelt was ever in the van of
+the pioneers of Western civilization; he explored rivers, bays, and
+forests, while the Anglo-Saxon scarce tread on American soil until the
+close of the sixteenth century. The first gateway to civilization for
+the West, was made by priests from France, among whom were many Irish
+missionaries, who were forced to fly their native land and seek shelter
+elsewhere. St. Augustine and New Mexico were founded by the Spaniards
+long before a cabin was built in Jamestown, and the Spanish and French
+sovereigns ruled numerous flourishing dependencies in the New World ere
+the English Pilgrims had seen Plymouth. The Anglo-Saxons, then, were not
+so forward in explorations and discoveries as their neighbors, the Celts
+and Latins. Review the epoch of the colonial development, and we find
+that the Celt surpasses the Saxon.
+
+The Huguenots fled from France; the Scotchman left his native heather to
+escape despotism; the Irishman exiled from his patrimony sought a home
+in the American wilds. Many a Spaniard made his Nova Iberia in the
+South, and the log-cabins of the French pioneers dotted the
+north-western wilderness. The Swedes founded Delaware, and New York was
+created by the stolid Dutch. The Moravians and the Welsh came hither
+likewise; the Puritans fled Merry England and Quakers sought religious
+freedom in America; but the great body of the English people believing
+in the State and the religion of their sovereign, had no desire to risk
+fortune here, especially when the laws were made for their benefit even
+if at the expense of the colonists. Thus, with exceptions of the Quaker
+and the Puritan, some few Cavaliers and the paupers, the great body of
+the Anglo-Saxon people remained at home. In American colonization,
+Anglo-Saxonism was but a drop in the bucket. Among all the famous
+thirteen colonies there was not one settled by Saxons exclusively; and
+in all of the colonies the Celt predominated. The Puritans when they
+founded Massachusetts, rigorously excluded all who differed from them;
+nevertheless the Celt waxed strong in New England. "It was," says
+Hawthorne, "no uncommon thing in those days to see an
+advertisement in the colonial paper, of the
+arrival of fresh Irish slaves and potatoes." Bunker Hill itself was
+named after a knoll in county Antrim. Faneuil Hall was the gift of a
+Celt, and the plan of it was drawn by Berkeley, the Irish philosopher,
+who said prophetically,
+
+   "Westward the course of empire takes its way;
+     The four first acts already past,
+   A fifth shall close the drama with the day;
+     Time's noblest empire is the last."
+
+The Boston Irish Charitable Society was organized near a century and a
+half ago, and the first paper mill in Massachusetts was built by a Celt
+named Thomas Smith. The names of Belfast, Londonderry, Ulster, Sullivan
+and Bangor show the nationality of their settlers. The founders of the
+Empire State were Teutons; but when it passed to the English realm,
+James II. sent over as Governor, Colonel Dongan, an Irishman. This
+Governor during his term of office, brought over large numbers of Irish
+emigrants. Pennsylvania was the most Keltic of the colonies. The first
+daily paper in the United States was founded by John Dunlap, an
+Irishman. So great was Celtic emigration to this State that in one year
+(1729) there came to Pennsylvania no fewer than 6,208 persons, of whom
+242 were Germans, 247 English, and 5,653 Irishmen. So numerous were
+Celts that Washington once said, "Put me in Rockbridge County, and I'll
+find men enough to save the Revolution." In Maryland it was the same.
+The first ship that sailed into Baltimore was Irish, though the
+figure-head, Cecil Calvert, was English; but the town from which he
+derived his title, and after which the metropolis of Maryland is named,
+is in Galway, Ireland. In the Old Dominion, the first settlers were in
+good part English. The Scotch and Welsh were very powerful, and the
+Irish were very numerous. The impress if the Celts in Virginia is seen
+in Carroll and Logan counties, Lynchburg, Burkesville, Brucktown and
+Wheeling.
+
+In 1652, Cromwell recommended that Irishwomen be sold to merchants, and
+shipped to New England and Virginia, there to be sold as wives to the
+colonists. A manuscript of Dr. Lingard's puts the number sold, at about
+60,000; Brondin, a contemporary, places the number at 100,000. The names
+of these women have become anglicized, for the English law forbade the
+Irish to have an Irish name, and commanded them to assume English names.
+North Carolina was settled mainly by the Scotch and Welsh, with English
+and Irish additions. So was Georgia. In South Carolina the Irish
+predominated. "Of all the countries," says the historian of South
+Carolina, "none has furnished this province with so many inhabitants as
+Ireland. Scarce a ship leaves any of its ports for Charleston that is
+not crowded with men, women, and children." So much for the so-called
+English colonies. Among the foremost of distinguished men in the
+colonial times were the Celts. The first man elected to an office, not
+appointed by the Crown, was James Moore, Governor of North Carolina.
+James Logan, the successor of Penn, and William Thompson, were both
+Celts. Let us glance at the Revolution; it is in this struggle that the
+Celt was covered with glory; and either on the field or in the forum he
+was always in the van. The Celts of Mecklenburg made a declaration of
+freedom over a year before the Declaration of Independence was made.
+
+Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, was of
+Welsh ancestry, and thus a Celt. John Hancock inherited Celtic blood
+from his mother, Nora O'Flaherty. Behold the array of Celts who signed
+the Declaration in 1776: Carroll, Thornton, McKean, Rutledge, Lewis,
+Hart, Lynch, Jefferson and Reed. A merchant of Philadelphia, John Nixon,
+first read to the people that immortal paper. Charles Thompson, Thomas
+McHenry and Patrick Henry, the Demosthenes of the Revolution, were
+Celts. The poetry of the loyal English writers afford abundant proof of
+the influence and numbers of the Celts in those days. The first blow for
+Independence was struck by James Sullivan of New Hampshire, and the
+first blow on sea was struck by Jeremiah O'Brien, of Machias, Maine. A
+Celt, Thomas Cargill, of Ballyshannon, saved the records of Concord when
+the British soldiery went out from Boston to destroy the military stores
+in Middlesex. Nor was it in the opening scenes alone that the Celts were
+prominent; but from the death of McClary on Bunker Hill, to the close of
+the war, they fought with a vigor and bravery unsurpassed. Who charged
+through the snowdrifts around Quebec but Montgomery, a Celt.
+
+Who fought so bravely at Brandywine? at Bemis's Heights, who saved the
+day but Morgan's Irish Rifles. Was it not mad Anthony Wayne, a Celt, who
+won Stony Point? General Sullivan, a Celt, avenged the Wyoming Massacre.
+General Hand, a Celt, first routed the Hessians. The hero of Bennington
+was a Celt, General Stark; so were Generals Conway, Knox, Greene, Lewis,
+Brigadier Generals Moore, Fitzgerald, Hogan, Colonels Moylan and Butler.
+In fact, American annals are so replete with trophies of Celtic valor
+that it would be vain to narrate them all.
+
+   "A hundred battlefields attest, a hundred victories show,
+   How well at liberty's behest they fought our country's foe."
+
+The only society that ever had the honor of enrolling the name of
+Washington among its members was the Friendly Knights of St. Patrick. It
+is an incident worthy of remark that at Yorktown it was a Celt, General
+O'Hara, who gave to America the symbol of England's final defeat. When
+the war of the Revolution was ended the Celt laid aside the sword to
+engage in the arts of peace and build up the industries of the country.
+
+Twenty Irish merchants subscribed $500,000 to pay the soldiers, and they
+aided in every possible way the young and weak government. Then the
+Celtic statesmen rose to view Hamilton, Jefferson, Gov. Sullivan of New
+Hampshire, Gov. Sullivan of Massachusetts, De Witt Clinton of New York,
+John Armstrong, jr., of Pennsylvania, Calhoun, Louis McLane and George
+Campbell. Since those days the numbers and influence of the Celts has
+been constantly increasing, and were it not for the sturdy Scotchman,
+the Welshman, and Irishman our nation would still be a conjury of the
+future. On the battlefield Grant, Meade, McClellan, Scott, Sheridan,
+McDowell, Shields, Butler, McCook, McPherson, Kearney, Stonewall
+Jackson, McClernand, Rowan, Corcoran, Porter, Claiborne and Logan show
+the valor of the Celt. Jones, Barry, Decatur, McDonough, Stewart and
+Blakely are the ideals of the American sailor. Morse, McCormack, Fulton
+are among our greatest inventors. Jackson, Pierce, Buchanan, Wilson,
+Cameron, Douglas, Blaine, Arthur and Hill are our Celtic statesmen.
+Charles O'Conor, McVeagh, Stuart, Black, Campbell, McKinley, McLean,
+Rutledge are our greatest jurists. Poe, Greeley, Shea, Baker, Savage,
+England, Hughes, Spalding, O'Rielly, Barrett, Purcell, Keene,
+McCullough, Boucicault, Bennett, Connery and Jones are Celts, names
+famous in journalism, religion, literature and drama. The Celt, in the
+words of Henry Clay, are "bone of our bone" and "flesh of our flesh,"
+thus acknowledging him to be part and parcel of our nation.
+
+Let us leave the flowery field of rhetoric and strike the hard pan of
+statistics. The official census of 1870 numbers the Celts at 24,000,000,
+the Saxons at 5,000,000, and the whole population at 38,500,000. In
+proportion the Celts were five-eighths and the Saxons one-eighth of the
+people of the country, two-eighths being of other origin. There are now
+50,000,000 inhabitants, of which (20,000,000 are Irish-Americans)
+five-eighths are Celts who number 32,500,000, and one-eighth Saxon, or
+7,000,000, and the residue being filled with other races. Thus we see
+that in numbers the nation is Celtic or nearly so. Let not national
+vanity or prejudice of race assert itself too strongly, for here came
+all to obtain their just and lawful liberty.
+
+   Worcester, Mass.                             J. SULLIVAN.
+
+
+
+
+Southern Sketches.
+
+XVII.
+
+IN HAVANA, CUBA.--DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY, ITS PEOPLE, CHURCHES AND
+CIVIL INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+On approaching the Isle of Cuba, the sight of this queen of the Antilles
+seemed like the realization of some beautiful Eastern dream. As our
+vessel neared the verdant, palm-clad hills, our party were caressed by
+warm, odorous breezes. The softest of blue skies looked down upon us,
+and we gazed on the smoothest and clearest of seas. No wonder that the
+brave and holy Columbus, with his crew, should feel transported with joy
+at the sight of the tropical isles on which they first set foot. The
+poetic effect of the scenes then viewed must have been greatly increased
+by the appearance of the native Indians, whose costumes and wild graces
+were so strange to European eyes.
+
+Richly painted boats filled with gay, chattering Cubans moved briskly
+over the waters as we neared the entrance to the harbor. A beautiful
+picture now appeared before us. It seemed as if enchanted palaces,
+gardens, castles and towers had suddenly issued from the depths of the
+green, transparent waves. Nearly every building had a peculiarly
+exquisite tint, and all were flooded and enriched with the mellow,
+tropical sunlight. Fort Morro, to the left, beetled over the waves like
+some sombre and impregnable defence of the Middle Ages. Its golden-brown
+and colossal walls sprung like a master-piece of feudal art from the
+dark, wave-washed, slippery rocks below. The tall, slender light-house
+connected with it greatly added to its attractions. Soldiers in bright
+uniforms paced to and fro on the ramparts, while the flag of old Spain,
+with its mingled hues of blood and gold, floated proudly above the
+battlements. The harbor was narrow at the entrance and widened further
+on, appearing in shape like the palm of one's hand. I felt so dazzled
+with the splendors around me, that I could not grasp at once the
+beauties of individual objects.
+
+Opposite Fort Morro stood El Castillo de La Punta, an older, but
+smaller defence erected by Philip II., in 1589. Immediately behind the
+Morro, Fort La Cahanas spread away for nearly half a mile on the top of
+a picturesque range of hills. This is one of the largest forts in the
+world, and cost (as I was informed) thirty million dollars. When the
+King of Spain heard of its vast price, he took his telescope at once,
+and told his courtiers that so expensive a building ought to be plainly
+seen from the top of his Madrid palace. White-stoned cottages lined the
+waters to the left, and decorated the slopes of the hills, which were
+full of cacti, century plants and thousands of other floral beauties.
+Everything around us reflected the poetry of color and motion. The great
+walls of the prison (el Carcel) appeared at the rear of the Punta, and
+the hoary, weather-stained walls and towers of the cathedral were
+conspicuous amid the many highly-colored houses of the city. The sight
+of this strange and picturesquely colored town made me feel like
+visiting the queer and lovely old Moorish cities of Spain, so charmingly
+described by Washington Irving.
+
+Havana has two quarters, the _intramural_ and the _extramural_; the
+former lies along the bay. It has the narrowest streets and the oldest
+buildings, dim, dusty, but poetic. The latter quarter spreads along the
+ocean, and has the newest structures and widest streets, adorned with
+palm and Indian laurel trees. The contrast from the moving ship appeared
+very fine, and the glowing panorama was enriched by the presence of
+stately men-of-war and merchant vessels from the United States, France,
+Spain, Italy and other nations. Every mast, spar, flag and rope was
+reflected on the dazzling waters. Through the vast collection of masts,
+golden vistas were seen up the bay. Lovely isles and emerald shores
+presented their wealth of waving palms, bananas, and tropical growths.
+The fact of the thermometer being up to eighty degrees on this February
+morning added immensely to the sense of enjoyment derived from these
+luxuriant scenes. The booming of cannon from the Morro, the sound of
+trumpets calling soldiers to their posts, and the whistling, laughing
+and shouting of boatmen contributed no little interest to the picture.
+Numerous boats sped here and there over the bay as our vessel anchored
+in the basin outside the custom-house. Each one had some lively Cuban
+boatmen and messengers from hotels, who came to row passengers to shore,
+and solicit patronage for particular houses. The whole scene presented a
+most animated picture, and the green, red, blue and yellow boats, with
+the white-dressed, broad-hatted, dark-eyed occupants looked uncommonly
+grand. When the health-officer came on board, each person was inspected
+as to his sanitary condition, and then left to excited crowds, who
+delivered their solicitations for patronage in excellent Spanish mixed
+with a little broken English. Cards, bearing pictures of "the Hotel de
+San Carlos," "El Teleprafo," "Hotel de Inglaterra," "de Europa," and
+others were tossed rather than handed to us by white-clad characters who
+thronged the decks. Among the smaller brown-faced, curly-headed boatmen
+were some lithe and powerful Cubans dressed in simple white shirt and
+pants, blue neck-ties and Panama hats. Having agreed with one of these
+to go from the vessel to the city at the rate of fifty cents apiece in
+gold, our party passed down the companion-ladder and entered a
+well-built bumboat, painted in green, blue and yellow, adorned with
+carpets, cushions, one sail and a gorgeous awning. The soft, tropical
+sun shone down on this poetical scene, and as the powerful arms of the
+oarsmen propelled the boat, the breezes played over us and the green
+waters.
+
+On embarking at the custom-house, an unpretending wooden structure, our
+luggage was carefully overhauled by a courteous officer, attired in
+spotless, light-blue linen. Passing through the building I emerged on
+the street where crowds of negroes, Cuban and foreigners were engaged in
+smoking, chatting, and watching the newly-arrived travellers. Numerous
+coaches were drawn up in this neighborhood, and a person could visit any
+part of the city in one of them for a trifling sum. The Hotel de Europa,
+where I intended to stay, was only a few minutes' walk from the
+custom-house, and was delightfully situated on the Plaza de St.
+Francisco, facing the bay.
+
+The first sight of Havana reveals to the United States visitor, who
+never saw a Spanish city, a style of architecture, habits and scenes
+entirely characteristic of Spain. The streets through which I passed
+were but wide enough for one vehicle; the sidewalks could only
+accommodate one foot passenger, and the houses, usually of one story,
+were built of stone as thick, solid and gloomy looking as fortresses. On
+my way I noticed that the windows had no glass, but were as large as
+doors, fortified within by iron bars like those of a prison, and
+additionally defended by heavy, wooden shutters generally painted green.
+The shops were on a level with the pavement, and their rich and rare
+collection of goods were all exposed to the view of the public. Awnings
+now and then extended overhead across the street. Now some darkies and
+Chinamen moved along bearing big burthens on their heads, and announcing
+their wares in loud tones in the Spanish language. These were followed
+by what appeared to me to be mysterious moving stalks of corn. As the
+latter came nearer, the heads and legs of donkeys were seen amidst the
+green mass. Then came a Cuban chicken vender from the country, with a
+great big hat and blue shirt, leading his mule by the reins, while the
+panniers on each side of the animal's back were filled with live fowl.
+Immense wagons, laden with hogsheads of sugar and molasses, rattled over
+the rough pavements as they were drawn by huge oxen, that were steered
+by stout ropes, which were cruelly passed through their nostrils. I was
+not a little surprised to see three or four cows walking silently on and
+stopping at the doors of the houses to be milked before the public.
+Customers need have no fears that any adulteration could take place on
+such occasions, as the liquid comes from the pure and natural fountain
+right before their eyes. Two old sailors, each minus an arm, were
+singing patriotic songs and the signors, signoras and signoritas who
+listened to them at the doors and balconies, seemed thrilled with
+delight, at the musical recital of the grand victories of old Spain.
+Peddlers moved along with an immense heap of miscellaneous wares fixed
+in boxes on the backs of their mules. Tall, stately negresses, with
+long, trailing dresses, of flashy green and yellow, walked along quite
+independently, as at Key West, smoking cigars which in New York would
+cost twenty-five cents a piece. One or two Cuban ladies hurried by,
+wearing satin slippers, silken dresses and mantillas of rich black lace.
+The Hotel de Europa, which I soon reached, is a large, plain, solid
+building adorned by a piazza, which runs along the second story, and by
+numerous little balconies higher up. It is a very well-managed
+institution, has an agreeable interpreter in its office, an excellent
+table, and on the hottest day a cool, refreshing breeze from the bay
+sweeps through the rooms. The office on the second story is reached by a
+large stone staircase. The house is built around a spacious courtyard,
+in the centre of which is a beautiful fountain, encircled by choice
+native flowers. The music of the fountain and the shade of the trees
+have a pleasing and cooling effect.
+
+After securing my room I was shown to it by a bright-eyed, garrulous
+Cuban youth named "Josepho," who was well acquainted with his own, but
+lamentably ignorant of the English language. He tried to compensate for
+this drawback by a copious and intelligent use of gesture. Josepho soon
+led me to my room, which stood at the end of a corridor, that was
+flanked on one side by the courtyard, and on the other by sleeping
+apartments. Two great jars, of Pompeian style, stood on a side-board
+outside the door, and were full of cold water. These were for the use of
+the guests on the corridor. When I entered my room I found it had a
+floor of red and yellow tiles, immense, thick rough rafters overhead,
+painted blue and white, an iron bedstead, a great chest of drawers, no
+carpet, and shutters as heavy and ponderous as those of some old
+European prison. Yet everything was pleasant and cool. The view from the
+window of the bay, forts, shipping and houses was very beautiful, and,
+surely, I had keener apprehension of it than the lazy mulateers, whom I
+saw sleeping in their ox-carts below on the square, their red-blue caps
+and white jackets flooded in sunshine. The visitors to Cuba need not
+expect the luxury of a feather bed or a mattress. Neither was visible in
+my room. The couch consisted of a piece of canvas tightly spread over
+the iron frame, and strongly attached to it. A single sheet constituted
+the only covering, and the stranger will find that the pillow, filled
+with the moss of the island is not at all too soft. The nights are so
+pleasant that Cuban hotel keepers think this amount of bed furniture
+quite sufficient.
+
+After a little rest, I decided that the famous Jesuit College, "De
+Belen," would be the first institution worth seeing. I went alone, and
+soon found it on the corner of Lutz and Compostilla Streets. A stranger
+cannot miss it, as it is one of the most formidable buildings in Havana.
+Though its style has something of the barbaric about it, yet it is
+chiefly so on account of its ruggedness, vastness and stern grandeur. It
+is built of stone, cemented and brown in color. The main arched entrance
+is very lofty, and on the steps as I passed by I noticed a gaunt,
+diseased and ragged negro, with outstretched arms soliciting alms. I
+rang the bell. A porter admitted me, and after asking for one of the
+priests in fair Spanish, I was conducted to a grand saloon up stairs and
+politely requested to await the arrival of Father Pinan who was
+conversant with English. The saloon was a magnificent apartment, about
+one hundred feet long by thirty wide. Its walls were adorned with
+splendid paintings done by ancient masters, and all represented dear,
+religious scenes. The lofty white pillars and the blue mouldings of the
+saloon produced a charming effect. Several rows of rocking-chairs,
+placed in pairs so that those occupying them would face one another and
+converse freely, were in this saloon, as is the custom in all others in
+Cuba. As I was admiring the pictures Father Pinan entered, and at once
+welcomed me very cordially to the college. The news, from the States
+interested him, and he promised to give me all the information he could
+regarding the college. "Ah," said he, "it is good to hear that there are
+so many good Catholics and converts in the United States. I do hope that
+they will persevere earnestly."
+
+Father Pinan's frankness, intelligence and hospitality charmed and
+encouraged me. Passing from the saloon through a lofty arch, we entered
+the Museum of Natural History, which was very large and contained a
+splendid collection. Here I saw gorgeous stuffed birds from tropical
+lands, ostriches' eggs, skins of boas, the maha (a large, harmless
+snake), porcupines, sea bulls, flying fish, immense sword fish, jaws of
+enormous sharks, brilliant big butterflies from South America, and an
+immense sea cockroach caught by Spanish men-of-war and presented by a
+general of the navy. Very large sponges, natural crosses of white rock
+from Spain, splendid pearls, magnificent shells from the Pacific Ocean
+and Mediterranean Sea, ivory baskets and miniature churches from China,
+beautiful Oriental slippers, Chinese grapes and apples, royal green
+birds from Mexico, relics of Columbus from St. Domingo, fragments of the
+stone on which General Pizarro sat after his victories, cannon balls
+used by Cortez in his conquest of Mexico, dust from the streets of
+Naples, lava from Vesuvius, pebbles from Mount Ararat, fragments from
+the homes of the vestals of Pompeii, and some of the ruins of Ninevah.
+Here Father Pinan was obliged to take his leave to attend class, and his
+place was splendidly filled by Father Osoro, a young and engaging
+Spanish priest, who was passionately attached to the sciences of Natural
+History and Philosophy. He introduced me at once to the relics with the
+spirit of an enthusiast. He pointed out to me some of the remains of
+Babylon, grand illuminated copies of the Holy Bible and of the office of
+the Blessed Virgin, done on parchment by the monks in 1514, and
+handsomely embellished with gold. He showed me gifts from kings and
+princes of marvellous precious stones, opals, rubies, sapphires,
+diamonds, agates, amethysts, cups of agate, golden snuff-boxes, natural
+crosses in agate, skulls made into cases and pocket books, brilliant
+mosaics and rosaries of gold. Father Osoro directed my attention to the
+paper money of the French Revolution, of the Cuban (so-called) Republic
+and of St. Domingo. He showed me Roman, Spanish, Lusatanian, English,
+French, Belgian, Australian, German, Swedish, Danish, Chinese and
+Japanese coins. Here were immense stone earrings of Indians, mineral and
+geological relics of Guatamala, grand green crystals, teeth of
+antedeluvian beasts, fossils of various kinds, sulphur and iron ore of
+Cuba, and specimens of one hundred and eight different kinds of wood
+that grow on the island. I saw hundreds of other rare and lovely
+curiosities, but it would take a volume to describe all of them. Father
+Osoro next introduced me to the hall of Chemistry and Natural
+Philosophy, a fine room, full of all the modern instruments designed to
+practically illustrate the workings of these useful and interesting
+systems.
+
+From there we went to the refectory, which was capable of seating five
+hundred pupils. Everything here was remarkable for neatness, solidity
+and order. The dormitories, containing five hundred beds, were very
+lofty and airy. I saw handsome crucifixes in conspicuous places here,
+and holy pictures, also, all to remind the pupils of the spirit of
+devotion which they owed to God and his saints. We noticed men washing
+and ironing in the large laundry; no women were employed in the house.
+Here were several grand marble swimming basins for the boys, with large
+apparatuses for hot and cold water, splendid gymnasiums, forty or fifty
+feet long by thirty wide, with pillars painted sky blue, and supporting
+a magnificent ceiling. Swings, dumb-bells, Indian clubs and instruments
+for raising weights were strewn all over the sawdust floors. We passed
+by six court-yards adorned with statues, flowers, fountains and ponds
+full of gold fish. I noticed in front of the church entrance a large and
+splendid representation of the grotto of Lourdes made by one of the
+Jesuit Fathers. Two noble palm-trees which grew near the grotto, added
+greatly to its beauty. The exterior of the church was plain, but massive
+in its appearance, and the interior with its handsome marble floor,
+paintings, frescos and altars, formed a sight of no little interest to
+the stranger. Soft vermillion, pink, rosy and violet reflections from
+the stained glass windows filled the sacred edifice, and gave an
+exquisite coloring to the superb old pictures. On the right, a grand and
+costly crucifix looked down with life-like agony on the priests who were
+vesting in the sacristy. Enormous chests lined the walls of several
+rooms, and in those were stored gorgeous vestments, wonderfully
+beautiful in color and material, and enriched with gold and precious
+stones. Costly presents from kings and Spanish grandees were shown to me
+by the brother sacristan, who took an honest pride in exhibiting those
+blessed things. Magnificent society banners, used during processions on
+great festivals, were subjects of intense interest to the good brother.
+I saw lace albs there, with crotchet work marvellously executed by hand,
+and adorned with brilliants. Each of these cost $1,500. The chapel of
+St. Placidus, attached to the church is a perfect gem with its pillars
+of white and gold. While in Havana, I had the pleasure of saying Mass in
+the Jesuit Church. Other priests were celebrating at the same time, and
+a magnificent congregation of men and women attended. The music was
+exquisitely rendered, but I could not see how the people could continue
+standing and kneeling so patiently all the time. In this, as in the rest
+of the Cuban churches, there are but a few pews. The majority of the
+people, who bring neither seats nor cushions with them, stand, kneel, or
+sit on their heels at intervals. I do not think our Catholics in the
+United States could muster up sufficient courage to endure all this.
+
+After seeing the handsome, dark-eyed boys of the college, its fine
+library and other interesting apartments, I ascended with Father Osoro
+to look at the observatory en the top of the building.
+
+This solid and business-like structure possesses the newest and most
+complete astronomical and meteorological instruments, and the accuracy
+of the scientific results arrived at by the Fathers, has become justly
+celebrated. They received a manifestation of merit from the Centennial
+Exposition of '76, on account of their meteorological observations, and
+the Parisian Exhibition presented them with a magnificent medal. Father
+Benito Vines, the president, communicates regularly with Washington and
+nearly every civilized nation. After viewing the interior of the
+observatory, we came out on the roof, and here I beheld a novel and
+wonderfully lovely sight. Stone and brick walks, four or five feet wide,
+with railings at each side spread away, intersecting each other at
+different points, and all were above the dark, red-tiled roofs of the
+institution. Strong little edifices like watch towers, painted in blue
+and white, stood out prominently near the walks, and no sooner did the
+eye turn from these immediate objects, than it was dazzled by the superb
+panorama of city, ocean, bay, sky and woodland that spread before it.
+
+Father Osoro enjoyed the expressions of admiration that escaped me, as I
+gazed on the high and low roofs on every side, the black turrets, the
+walls of houses, red, green, blue, crimson, yellow, and white all
+mellowed by age. Down below us were the narrow streets, the iron-barred
+windows, the curious shops, verandas, balconies, flag staffs, flying
+pigeons, flowers blooming on the roofs, and bananas growing. Away to the
+north-east stood the grand Morro Castle, the sentinel of the harbor,
+with its frowning guns, and its grand, revolving light shining like a
+gem above the sea. Behind it, Fort Caba�a looked long, bold and ancient,
+backed on the east by evergreen hills, and decorated on the south by
+palms and other tropical trees. The harbor, which glittered with
+sunlight, was full of ships, buoys, sail-boats, music and sailors. On
+this side of the bay appeared the old cathedral, with its dark gray
+walls and black and brown roof. Yellow pillars, old towers, picturesque
+wind-mills, brown iron stairs running up to the roofs of mansions,
+palaces, domes, cupolas, plants of great beauty in vases on roofs, and
+numerous old spires intervened. On the right, near the bay, could be
+seen the old church, de San Francisco (now a customs storehouse), the
+church de San Augustin, the church de Sancto Spiritu, and the palace of
+the admiral to the south, the church de Mercede, that of St. Paul, the
+arsenal, military hospital, gas houses, the Castello de Princepe, and
+the suburban gardens of the captain-general. On the north, we beheld the
+ocean, the Castello de Punta and the Casus de Benefecentia.
+The Campo de Marte, Parque de Isabella, the parade grounds, trees,
+statues, fountains and hotels appeared to the west. A refreshing breeze
+stirred an atmosphere of seventy-eight degrees, and not a particle of
+dust arose on street or house-top as the rain which fell on the
+preceding night made all things clean. I would have remained on the top
+of the college 'till dusk, contemplating that superb prospect, but I had
+no time, so bidding good-by to the kind Fathers I determined to see more
+of the city. Before leaving them, however, I could not help reflecting
+upon the immense amount of good which they were doing in Havana. Before
+the Liberals got hold of the Spanish government, the constitutional
+authority of the church in Cuba was not interfered with, but since the
+accession of Freemasons and Freethinkers to power, ecclesiastical
+property has suffered violence from the hands of the State, and the
+nomination and appointment of priests and bishops to place has been
+arrogantly wrested from those appointed by God to legislate in
+spirituals, and assumed by a class of irreligious despots. Though the
+State pays the clergy, still it owns the church property, and entirely
+cripples the power of the bishop, who cannot remove a bad and refractory
+priest, if it suits not the pleasure of the civil authorities. Such a
+state of things naturally caused some demoralization among the clergy,
+and, as a consequence, much religious indifference among the people.
+Societies like the Jesuits, who have been but a few years in Havana, are
+gradually removing pernicious influences like these by the learning,
+piety and zeal which they exhibit from the pulpit and among the people.
+Hundreds of men, as well as of women, are drawn to the sacraments by
+their persuasive eloquence and self-sacrificing, holy lives. The good
+work will continue and bear glorious fruit, if these noble men be not
+persecuted in Havana. My earnest hope is that the glorious influence of
+Catholic Spain will protect them from danger.
+
+                                          REV. M. W. NEWMAN.
+
+
+
+
+A Valiant Soldier of the Cross.
+
+By the Author of "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy."
+
+
+In describing scenes over which mine eye has wandered, I have kept so
+faithfully to the land of the sun, where winter seldom or never leaves
+his icy footprints, that my discursive papers were not improperly styled
+"Southern Sketches." Yet other latitudes in America are not wholly
+unknown to me. Month after month have I gazed on the white monotony of
+unthawing snow. No one could admire more than I the chaste beauty of the
+feathery flakes, or the gorgeous sparkle of trees bereft of leaves and
+covered with crystals that flashed every hue of the rainbow. But even in
+this bright September day, with the mercury among the eighties, I get
+chilled through and through, and shake with the "shivers" when I imagine
+myself once more among the hard frosts of New Hampshire. Unlike the
+brave soldier of Christ whom I am about to introduce to the readers of
+the "Irish Monthly," and who found the heat of a short Northern summer
+simply "intolerable," the tropics and their environs rather allure me.
+True, soldiers and old residents speak of places between which and the
+lower regions there is but a sheet of non-combustible tissue paper.
+Nevertheless, the writer who has lived in both places would rather, as a
+matter of choice, summer in the Tropics than winter in New Hampshire.
+
+Though this State, in which my hero passed the greater part of his holy
+life, be the Switzerland of America, a grandly beautiful section, full
+of picturesque rivers, tall mountains, and dreamy-looking lakes,
+attracting more tourists than any other place in America save Niagara,
+yet I will pass over its stern and rugged scenery to write of a man
+whose titles to our admiration are wholly of the supernatural order.
+
+To me, the finest landscape is but a painted picture unless a human
+being enliven it. Just one fisherwoman on a sandy beach, or a lone
+shepherd on a bleak hill-side, and fancy can weave a drama of hope and
+love and beauty about either. Faith tells of a beautiful immortal soul
+imprisoned in forms gaunt and shrunken; a prayer that we may meet again
+in heaven surges up in my heart. The landscape is made alive for me in
+the twinkling of an eye, and stretches from this lower world to the
+better and brighter land above. Father MacDonald was for forty-one years
+the light of a manufacturing town. And when I think of its looms and
+spindles and fire-engines, and forests of tall, red chimneys, and tens
+of thousands of operatives, Father MacDonald is the figure which
+illumines for me the weird and grimy spectacle, and casts over it a halo
+of the supernatural. Little cared he for the sparkling rivers, or
+bewitching lakes, or romantic mountains of the Granite State; his whole
+interest was centred in souls.
+
+Some fifty years ago, Irish immigrants began to come timidly, and in
+small numbers, to the little manufacturing town of Manchester which
+rises on both sides of the laughing waters of the Merrimac. Here, in the
+heart of New Hampshire, one of the original thirteen States, and a
+stronghold of everything non-Catholic, these poor but industrious aliens
+knocked at the gates of the Puritan[6] for work. Strong and willing arms
+were wanted; and Bishop Fitzpatrick, of Boston, learning that some
+hundreds of Catholics working in the Manchester factories were sighing
+for the ministrations of a parish, sent Father MacDonald, in July, 1844,
+to take charge of their spiritual interests.
+
+William MacDonald was born in the county Leitrim, in 1813, being the
+youngest of a family of six sons and one daughter, whose parents were
+John MacDonald and Winifred Reynolds. The now aged daughter is the sole
+survivor of this large family. They were very strictly brought up by
+their virtuous, pious parents, and through long and chequered lines,
+were upright, honorable citizens, and thoroughly practical Catholics.
+Years ago, the writer was told that no descendant of Mr. and Mrs.
+MacDonald had ever seen the inside of a non-Catholic school. Charles and
+William became priests, the former emigrating when quite young. William
+attended the school of his native parish, where he received a solid
+rudimentary education, after which he pursued his classical studies in
+Dublin. In 1833, he joined his brother Charles, who was pastor of a
+church at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Father Charles died in
+his prime, with a high reputation for sanctity. William always carried
+about him a little Latin Imitation of Christ, which had also been the
+_vade mecum_ of his beloved brother. The spiritual life of both was
+formed in that wonderful book, and Father William was wont to prescribe
+a suitable chapter in the same for every mental trouble, difficulty, or
+temptation referred to him.
+
+Father MacDonald's education was finished in the College of Three
+Rivers, Canada, under the Sulpician Fathers. After his ordination he
+exercised the ministry in several places till sent by the Bishop of
+Boston to Manchester. Here he found his co-religionists and countrymen
+regarded as Helots, and far more despised by Yankee and Puritan than the
+slaves in the South by their rulers. The Irish were denied the privilege
+of sidewalks, and obliged, in order to avoid perpetual quarrels, to walk
+in the middle of the streets. Wherever they appeared, they were hissed
+and hooted, and "blood-hounds of hell" was the affectionate epithet the
+ubiquitous small boy bestowed on them. Previous to Father MacDonald's
+arrival, Father Daly, whose parish included nearly all New Hampshire and
+Vermont, used to say Mass in Manchester with unfailing regularity every
+three months. On one of these occasions, the floor of the temporary
+chapel gave way, and priest, altar, and congregation, were precipitated
+into the cellar. Providentially, beyond a few bruises and abrasions, no
+one was injured. The previous day, the bigots having heard that Mass was
+to be said in the room, had cut the supports from under the floor.
+
+To these people, a priest was an object of hatred and scorn, whom they
+believed it would be a good work to kill, and Father MacDonald settled
+among them at the risk of his life. But when duty was in question, he
+knew not fear. _The servant is not greater than his master_, he would
+say: _If they have persecuted me they will persecute you also_. It was
+in vain they used every means their perverse ingenuity suggested to
+intimidate this dangerous papist. They even began to like him. Slowly
+but surely, he won his way among them, and within a year of his arrival
+he was able to hire the Granite Hall as a temporary chapel. In 1849, he
+built a church on a square purchased with his own patrimony, at the
+corner of Union and Merrimac Streets.
+
+Besides the theological virtues which the "natives" valued not, Father
+MacDonald possessed all the natural virtues which they pretend to
+canonize. He was most frugal. To great objects he would give royally,
+but it was doubtful if he ever wasted a dollar. He sought to live on as
+little as possible, but it was that he might have more for the needy. He
+was industrious; not a moment of his day was lost. For many years, he
+was one of the only two priests in the State; but when his parochial
+duties left him a little leisure, he was seen to handle the trowel and
+use the broom. He paid cash for everything he bought, and whoever worked
+for him received full pay on the day and hour agreed upon: no cutting
+down of rates. If they wished to give to the church, very well; but they
+must take their pay from him to the last farthing. He was neatness
+personified. The fresh complexion and fine physique common among his
+countrymen he did not possess. Barely reaching middle height, his spare
+form, sharp features, sallow complexion, and keen, spectacled eyes, made
+him look like a son of the soil. As for energy, no Yankee ever had more,
+or perhaps so much. Non-Catholics knew that his power over his flock was
+absolute. But they admitted that his wish, his word, and his work, were
+always on the side of order, sobriety, frugality, and good citizenship.
+
+When Father MacDonald's beautiful church was finished, the
+Know-Nothings, or Native American Party, by way of celebrating in a
+fitting manner the independence of the United States, burst upon the
+defenceless Catholics, July 4, tore down their houses, destroyed their
+furniture, dragged their sick out of bed into the streets, and finally
+riddled the beautiful stained glass windows of the church. For these
+damages no compensation was ever made. An Irishman having some dispute
+with a native, the latter seized a monkey-wrench that was near, and
+killed him. Father MacDonald asked for justice, but the officials
+refused to arrest the murderer. Through his wise counsels, the
+Catholics, though boiling with indignation, did not retaliate, and, as
+it takes two parties to make a fight, the Know-Nothing excitement having
+spent itself, soon subsided. But for years, the Irishmen of Manchester
+and their brave pastor had to take turns at night to guard the church
+buildings from sacrilegious hands.
+
+So far from being frightened at the lawlessness of the mob, Father
+MacDonald, at the height of the excitement, announced a daring project.
+He would bring nuns to Manchester, and he called a meeting of his
+parishioners to devise ways and means. But, for the first and last time,
+they strenuously opposed him. "It would be madness. They had frequently
+heard their employers say they would never allow a nunnery in the city."
+He soon saw that if he waited for encouragement from any quarter his
+object would never be accomplished. He built his convent. It was set on
+fire when completed, but he was not to be baffled. He repaired the
+damages. Though he declined some compensation offered on this occasion,
+he was not slow to express his opinion as to the effect such evidences
+of New England culture might have on his beloved and most generous
+flock. He invited Sisters of Mercy from Providence, R.I., and had the
+pleasure of welcoming them, July 16, 1858.
+
+He received them in his own house, which they mistook for their convent.
+Great was their surprise when they heard that the handsome pillared
+edifice in the next square was theirs. "I will conduct you thither,"
+said he; "but first we will visit our Lord in the church." The Rev.
+Mother, M. Frances Warde, and the Sisters, admired the exquisite church,
+and the extreme neatness and beauty of the altar. "No hand," said he,
+"but mine has ever touched that altar. No secular has ever been admitted
+within the sanctuary rails even to sweep. I myself sweep the sanctuary,
+and attend to the cleanliness of everything that approaches the Blessed
+Sacrament. But my work as sole priest here is now so arduous, that I
+will resign this sweet and sacred duty to you."
+
+Schools were immediately opened for boys, girls, adults. Night schools
+and an academy for the higher studies followed. On account of the
+superior instruction given in this institution, it has always been well
+patronized by the best Protestant families in New Hampshire. Indeed, the
+success of the Sisters of Mercy in this stronghold of Puritanism has
+been phenomenal. During Father MacDonald's incumbency, Catholics
+increased from a few despised aliens to more than half the population of
+Manchester. He was never obliged to ask them for money; they gave him
+all he needed. He never failed to meet his engagements; and in one way
+or another every coin he handled went to God's church or God's poor. He
+laid up nothing for himself. He had the most exalted ideas of the
+priesthood, and he carried them out to the letter in his daily life.
+Thousands of young men have been enrolled in his sodalities. As an
+example to them, he totally abstained from tobacco and from intoxicating
+drink. St. John's Total Abstinence Society was the pride of his heart.
+One of his "Sodality Boys," Right Rev. Denis Bradley, became first
+bishop of Manchester, and many have become zealous priests. From the
+girls' schools and the sodalities, too, many religious vocations have
+sprung, and the number of converts under instruction is always very
+large. This worthy priest brought free Catholic education within the
+reach of every Catholic in his adopted city. As soon as he finished one
+good work he began another, and splendid churches, convents, schools,
+orphanage, hospital, home for old ladies, etc., remain as monuments of
+his zeal. These institutions are not excelled in the country. They are
+all administered by the Sisters of Mercy, to whom he was a most generous
+benefactor.
+
+During the forty-one years of Father MacDonald's life in Manchester, he
+never took a vacation but one, which his bishop compelled him to take.
+He was so methodical in the distribution of his time that it was said he
+did the work of six priests, and did it well. He knew every member of
+his flock, and was to all friend and father as well as priest, their
+refuge in every emergency. Every day he studied some point of theology,
+visited his schools and other institutions, and went the rounds of his
+sick and poor. Every home had its allotted duty, and grave, indeed,
+should be the reasons that could induce him to deviate one iota from his
+ordinary routine. His charities were unbounded, yet given with
+discrimination, nor did his left hand know what his right hand gave.
+With the sick and the aged, he was like a woman, or a mother. He would
+make their fires, warm drinks for them, see that they had sufficient
+covering. Though they all doated on "Father Mac," they must not thank
+him, or even pretend they saw what he was doing for them, so well did
+they know that he worked solely _for Him who seeth in secret_. Monday,
+August 24, 1885, this holy man was stricken with paralysis of the brain,
+and died two days later, while the bishop and the Sisters of Mercy were
+praying for his soul. It is almost certain that he had some presentiment
+of his death, as he selected the Gregorian Requiem Mass for his
+obsequies, and asked the choir to practise it. August 28, his sacred
+remains were committed to the earth, the funeral sermon being preached
+by the bishop, who had been as a son to the venerable patriarch. In
+real, personal holiness, Father MacDonald possessed the only power that
+makes the knee bend. Over twenty years ago, his sexton said to the
+writer: "I never opened the church in the morning that I did not find
+Father MacDonald kneeling before the Blessed Sacrament." What time he
+entered it, no one knew. How edifying this must have been to the poor
+factory hands, who were wont to beg God's blessing on their daily labor,
+in the short, scorching summer, and the bitter cold of the long winter,
+for at that time the church was not heated. Never did these children of
+toil miss that bent and venerable form, absorbed in prayer before the
+hidden Jesus, of whose august presence he had such a vivid realization.
+
+Before such a life of toil and prayer, no bigotry could stand. By sheer
+force of virtue alone, this holy man wrought a complete change in the
+sentiments of his adversaries. Hence the extraordinary respect shown to
+his memory. The non-Catholic press says that no man ever exercised so
+much influence in Manchester for forty years as Father MacDonald, and
+that he was the man whom Manchester could least afford to lose. The
+mayor and the city government attended his obsequies in a body, and the
+governor of New Hampshire wrote to express his regret that absence
+hindered his paying the last tribute of respect to a priest he so highly
+revered. Business was suspended and all the factories closed, that the
+whole city might follow his remains to the tomb. On Sunday, August 30,
+the non-Catholic pulpits of the thrifty city resounded with the praises
+of this humble priest, whose chief characteristics were stainless
+integrity, an entire absence of human respect, burning zeal for God's
+glory, and life-long efforts to promote it. He feared no man and sought
+the favor of none, and his noble independence of character won him the
+admiration of all who had the privilege of knowing him. His death was
+universally deplored as the greatest calamity that ever befell
+Manchester. Among the Protestant ministers who eulogized him in their
+sermons, August 30, was Rev. Dr. Spalding, who thanked God for raising
+up a man whose life was remarkable "for its large consecration to Church
+and people, for its high earnestness, its sacrifices and unselfishness,
+its purity and truthfulness. God grant unto us all," he continued, "a
+desire to imitate this life in its devotion to others, and its trust in
+Him."
+
+As a preacher, Father MacDonald was rather solid than brilliant. In
+manner, he was somewhat blunt. He conversed pleasantly and sensibly; but
+people given to gossip or foolish talk soon learned to steer clear of
+him. Hospitality was with him a Christian duty. If he heard that some
+ecclesiastic was at the hotel--and he heard everything--he would at once
+go for him, and place his own neat, comfortable house at his disposal.
+"Many a time," he would say, "has a young priest acquired a taste for
+card-playing by spending but one night in a hotel." So fearful was he of
+the least thing that might disedify the weaklings of his flock, that,
+when the writer knew him, he was accustomed to send to Boston for altar
+wine. "If I buy it here," he said, "some poor fellows will think I don't
+practise what I preach. They will want stimulants as well as I. Even the
+people who sell will never think of altar wine." Father MacDonald had a
+great love for the South. Its material advancement gave him pleasure,
+but his chief interest lay in its spiritual progress. Six years ago, the
+writer met him after an interval of sixteen years. After the usual
+greetings, he began to question: "Now, tell me, how is religion in New
+Orleans? Are the priests zealous? Have you a live bishop? Are the public
+institutions well attended by priests and religious? But, above and
+before all else, are your Catholic children all in Catholic schools? And
+have you superior schools, so that children will have no excuse for
+going to the godless schools? How are the Masses attended? Are the
+people well instructed? Do many lead lives of piety?" He was then in his
+sixty-seventh year, rather broken from incessant labors, but as active
+as ever. His hair had changed from black to white since last we met.
+When I gave some edifying details, he would say: "God be praised. I am
+so glad of what you tell me. Thanks be to God." And he called the
+attention of a young priest at the other end of the room: "Listen! Hear
+what they are doing in the South for the school-children, and the waifs
+and street arabs. And all that is done for the sick and the prisoners.
+Oh, blessed be God! How happy all this makes me."
+
+I felt as though I were listening to St. Alfonso, so irresistably did
+this remind me of him. I was no longer among the crisp snows of New
+Hampshire, that had crackled beneath my feet that morning. Fancy had
+transported me to the genial clime of Naples. I stood by the bed-ridden
+Bishop of St. Agatha, in the old Redemptorist's Convent at Pagani, and
+listened to the touching dialogue between Mauro, the royal architect,
+and the saint: "And the churches in the city of Naples, are they much
+frequented?"--"Oh, yes, Monsignor, and you cannot imagine the good that
+results from this. All classes, especially the working people, crowd
+them, and we have saints even among the coachmen." At these words the
+saint rose from his recumbent position, and cried out in tones of joy
+and triumph: "Saintly coachmen at Naples! Gloria Patri." He could not
+sleep for joy at this intelligence, but during the night would
+frequently call for his attendant: "You heard what Don Mauro said?
+Saints among the coachmen at Naples! What do you think of that?"
+Associated in our mind with the great St. Alfonso, we keep this holy
+priest, whom Bishop Bradley so justly styled, "The pioneer of Catholic
+education in New England." His flock universally regarded him as a
+saint, and a great saint. And, in all humility, and in perfect
+submission to the decrees of Holy Church, the writer is able to say, of
+her own knowledge and observation, that this humble, hard-working,
+mortified Irish priest, William MacDonald, practised in a high, a very
+high, degree, every virtue which we venerate in the saints of God. I
+never met a holier soul. I could not imagine him guilty of the smallest,
+wilful fault. I feel more inclined to pray to him than for him; it seems
+incredible that he should have anything to expiate in purgatory. May his
+successors walk in his footsteps, and his children never forget the
+lessons he taught them more by example than by word. May our friendship,
+a great grace to me, be renewed _in requie �terna et in luce perpetua_.
+Amen.
+
+                                      _Dublin Irish Monthly._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 6: The Irish Catholic names, Sullivan and Carroll, are stamped
+on two of the ten counties of New Hamshire, in memory of Revolutionary
+heroes.]
+
+
+The Avaricious Man can not enjoy riches, but is tormented by anxiety or
+sickness. Others are worn out by the jealousy or envy which consume
+them. Others, again, wrapped in their pride, are being continually
+galled by the supposed indignities offered to them, and there is no
+sharper crown of thorns than that worn by the proud man. There is one
+sin which seems to be rampant in our day, and that is scepticism, or
+doubting God and revelation; and this also brings its own punishment in
+the present. On the other hand, to those who are tempted, suffering, or
+afflicted, Jesus Christ promised, "Be thou faithful unto death and I
+will give thee the crown of life."
+
+
+
+
+Gerald Griffin.
+
+
+   Leal heart, and brave right hand that never drew
+     One false note from thy harp, although the ache
+     Of weariness and hope deferred might shake
+   Harsh discords from a soul less clear and true
+     Than thine amid the gloom that knew no break--
+   The London gloom that barred the heaven's blue
+     From thy deep Celtic eyes, so wide to take
+   The bliss of earth and sky within their view!
+     On fleet, white wings thy music made its way
+   Back o'er the waves to Ireland's holy shore;
+     Close nestled in her bosom, each wild lay
+   Mixed with her sighs--'twas from her deep heart's core
+     She called thee: "'Gille Machree'[7] come home, I pray--
+   In my green lap of shamrocks sleep, asthore!"
+
+                          ROSE KAVANAGH, in _Irish Monthly_.
+
+
+
+
+Mary E. Blake.
+
+
+Two years ago we concluded a slight notice of the poems of "Thomasine"
+(known in Ireland as Miss Olivia Knight, and in Australia as Mrs. Hope
+Connolly), with the following words: "A writer in the _Irish Fireside_
+said lately that Eva and Speranza had no successors. We could name, if
+we dared, three or four daughters of Erin whom we believe to be singing
+now from a truer and deeper inspiration and with a purer utterance."
+Happily, since these words were printed, two of these unnamed rivals
+whom we set up against the gifted wife of the new M. P. elect for Meath,
+and against the more gifted widow of Sir William Wilde, have placed
+their names on the title pages of collections of their poems. We allude,
+of course, to Katharine Tynan and Rosa Mulholland. Not only these whose
+place in literature is already secured, but higher than some to whom the
+enthusiasm of a political crisis gave prominence, we should be inclined
+to rank such Irish songstresses as the late Attie O'Brien and the living
+but too silent "Alice Esmonde." And then of Irishwomen living outside
+Ireland we have Fanny Parnell, Fanny Forrester, Eleanor C. Donnelly, and
+the lady whom we claim as our own in the title of this paper--Mrs. Mary
+E. Blake. Though the wife of a physician at Boston, she was born at
+Clonmel, and bore the more exclusively Celtic name of Magrath.[8]
+
+Boston claims, or used to claim, to be the literary metropolis of the
+United States. A prose volume by Mrs. Blake and a volume of her poems
+lie before us, and for elegance of typography do credit to their Boston
+publishers. "On the Wing"--lively sketches of a trip to the Pacific, all
+about San Francisco and the Yosemite Valley, and Los Angeles, and
+Colorado, but ending with this affectionate description of Boston
+aforesaid:
+
+     And now, as the evening sun drops lower, what fair city is this
+     that rises in the east, throned like a queen above the silver
+     Charles, many-towered and pinnacled, with clustering roof and taper
+     spire? How proud she looks, yet modest, as one too sure of her
+     innate nobility to need adventitious aid to impress others. Look at
+     the �sthetic simplicity of her pose on the single hill, which is
+     all the mistaken kindness of her children has left of the three
+     mountains which were her birthright. Behold the stately avenues
+     that stretch by bridge and road, radiating her lavish favors in
+     every direction; look at the spreading suburbs that crowd beyond
+     her gates, more beautiful than the parks and pleasure grounds of
+     her less favored sisters. See where she sits, small but precious,
+     her pretty feet in the blue waters that love to dally about them;
+     her pretty head, in its brave gilt cap, as near the clouds as she
+     could manage to get it: her arms full of whatever is rarest and
+     dearest and best. For doesn't she hold the "Autocrat of the
+     Breakfast Table" and Bunker Hill, Faneuil Hall, and Harvard
+     College? Do not the fiery eloquence of Phillips, the songs of
+     Longfellow, the philosophy of Fisk, the glory of the Great Organ,
+     and the native lair of culture, belong to her? Ah! why should we
+     not "tell truth and shame the devil"--doesn't she bring us to the
+     babies and the family doctor?
+
+But it is not as a writer of prose that Mrs. Blake has secured a niche
+in our gallery of literary portraits. Indeed, without knowing it, we
+have already introduced her poetry to our readers: for we are pleased to
+find in her volume of collected poems an anonymous piece which we had
+gathered as one of our "Flowers for a Child's Grave," from a number of
+_The Boston Pilot_ as far back as 1870. We should reprint page 171 of
+this volume if it were not already found in our eighth volume (1880) at
+page 608. The division of Mrs. Blake's poems to which it belongs
+contains, we think, her best work. Her muse never sings more sweetly
+than in giving expression to the joy and grief of a mother's heart. The
+verses just referred to were the utterances of maternal grief: a
+mother's joy breaks out into these pleasant and musical stanzas:--
+
+
+   My little man is merry and wise,
+     Gay as a cricket and blithe as a bird;
+   Often he laughs and seldom he cries,
+     Chatters and coos at my lightest word:
+       Peeping and creeping and opening the door,
+       Clattering, pattering over the floor,
+       In and out, round about, fast as he can,--
+       So goes the daytime with my little man.
+
+   My little man is brimful of fun,
+     Always in mischief and sometimes in grief;
+   Thimble and scissors he hides one by one,
+     Till nothing is left but to catch the thief;
+       Sunny hair, golden fair over his brow--
+       Eyes so deep, lost in sleep, look at him now;
+       Baby feet, dimpled sweet, tired as they ran,
+       So goes the night-time with my little man.
+
+   My little man, with cherry-ripe face,
+     Pouting red lips and dimpled chin,
+   Fashioned in babyhood's exquisite grace,
+     Beauty without and beauty within,--
+       Full of light, golden bright, life as it seems,
+       Not a tear, not a fear, known in thy dreams;
+       Kisses and blisses now make up its span,
+       Could it be always so, my little man?
+
+   My little man the years fly away,
+     Chances and changes may come to us all,--
+   I'll look for the babe at my side some day,
+     And find him above me, six feet tall;
+       Flowing beard hiding the dimples I love,
+       Grizzled locks shading the clear brow above,
+       Youth's promise ripened on Nature's broad plan,
+       And nothing more left me of my little man.
+
+   My little man,--when time shall bow,
+     With its hoary weight, my head and thine,--
+   Will you love me then as you love me now,
+     With sweet eyes looking so fond in mine?
+       However strangely my lot may be cast,
+       My hope in life's future, my joy in life's past,
+       Loyal and true as your loving heart can,
+       Say, will you always be my little man?
+
+   My little man! perchance the bloom
+     Of the hidden years, as they come and pass,
+   May leave me alone, with a wee, wee tomb
+     Hidden away in the tangled grass.
+       Still as on earth, so in heaven above,
+       Near to me, dear to me, claiming my love,
+       Safe in God's sunshine, and filling his plan,
+       Still be _forever_ my own little man.
+
+Perhaps our Irish poetess in exile--Boston does not consider itself a
+place of exile--would prefer to be represented by one of her more
+serious poems; and probably she had good reasons for placing first in
+her volume the following which is called "The Master's Hand."
+
+           The scroll was old and gray;
+   The dust of time had gathered white and chill
+   Above the touches of the worker's skill,
+           And hid their charm away.
+
+           The many passed it by;
+   For no sweet curve of dainty face or form,
+   No gleam of light, or flash of color warm,
+           Held back the careless eye.
+
+           But when the artist came,
+   With eye that saw beyond the charm of sense,
+   He seemed to catch a sense of power intense
+           That filled the dusky frame.
+
+           And when with jealous care
+   His hand had cleansed the canvas, line by line,
+   Behold! The fire of perfect art divine,
+           Had burned its impress there!
+
+           Upon the tablet glowed,
+   Made priceless by the arch of time they spanned,
+   The touches of the rare Old Master's hand,
+           The life his skill bestowed.
+
+          *       *       *       *       *
+
+           O God whom we adore!
+   Give us the watchful sight, to see and trace,
+   Thy living semblance in each human face
+           However clouded o'er.
+
+           Give us the power to find,
+   However warped and grimmed by time and sin,
+   Thine impress stamped upon the soul within,
+           Thy signet on the mind.
+
+           Not ours the reckless speed
+   To proudly pass our brother's weakness by,
+   And turning from his side with careless eye,
+           To take no further heed.
+
+           But, studying line by line,
+   Grant to our hearts deep trust and patient skill,
+   To trace within his soul and spirit still,
+          Thy Master Hand divine!
+
+Mrs. Blake in one point does not resemble the two Irish woman-poets--for
+they are more than poetesses--whom we named together at the beginning of
+this little paper. Ireland and the Blessed Virgin have not in this
+Boston book the prominence which Miss Mulholland gives them in the
+volume which is just issuing from Paternoster Square. The Irish-American
+lady made her selection with a view to the tastes of the general public;
+but the general public are sure to be won by earnest and truthful
+feeling, and an Irish and Catholic heart cannot be truthful and earnest
+without betraying its devotion to the Madonna and Erin.
+
+        _Irish Monthly_, edited by REV. MATHEW RUSSELL, S.J.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 7: _Gille Machree_, "brightener of my heart;" the name of one
+of Gerald Griffin's sweetest songs.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Amongst American women we cannot claim Nora Perry, in spite
+of her Christian name; but the father of Miss Louise Guiney was an
+Irishman. Both of these show a fresh and bright talent, which lifts them
+far above feminine verse-writers.]
+
+
+
+
+George Washington.
+
+HIS CELEBRATED WHITE MULE, AND THE RACE IT MADE AWAY FROM A DEER RIFLE.
+
+
+Washington has generally been credited with the introduction in America
+of mules as a valuable adjunct to plantation appurtenances; but very few
+people know that one of his favorite riding animals was a white mule,
+which was kept carefully stabled and groomed along with his blooded
+horses at Mount Vernon. In the year 1797, there was published at
+Alexandria for a brief period, a weekly paper called _Hopkin's Gazette_.
+A few numbers of this sheet are still extant. In one of them there is an
+account of an exciting adventure, in which Washington, the white mule,
+and one Jared Dixon figured. It is evident that the editor of this paper
+did not have an exalted opinion of the great patriot, as he speaks of
+him as "a man who has the conceit of believing that there would not be
+any such country as America if there had not been a George Washington to
+prevent its annihilation." From this account it appears that Jared Dixon
+was a Welshman, who lived on a hundred-acre tract of land adjoining the
+Mount Vernon plantation. Washington always claimed that the tract
+belonged to him, and made several efforts to dispossess Dixon, but
+without success. According to the _Gazette_, Washington's overseer had,
+on one occasion, torn down the Dixon fence and let the cattle into the
+field, and various similar annoyances were resorted to in order to force
+Dixon to move away. But Dixon would neither surrender nor compromise,
+and kept on cultivating his little farm in defiance of the man who had
+been first in war and was now first in peace.
+
+"It was last Thursday about the hour of noon," says the _Gazette_, "when
+General Washington rode up to Mr. Dixon's gate. He was mounted on his
+white mule, which had come down the broad road on his famous fox-trot of
+eight miles an hour. There was fire in the General's eye and his under
+lip protruded far, betokening war. His riding-boots shone in the sun, as
+did his gold spurs. His hair was tied with a gorgeous black ribbon, and
+his face was pale with resolution. Mr. Dixon and his family were
+adjusting themselves for dinner, when they heard the call at the gate.
+There was a most animated conversation between these two neighbors, in
+which the General informed the humble settler that he must receive a
+certain sum for his disputed title or submit to be dispossessed.
+Whereupon Mr. Dixon, who was also a Revolutionary soldier, and felt that
+he has some rights in this country, informed the lordly neighbor that
+the land was his own, that he had paid for it and built houses thereon,
+the children were born to him on it, and that he would defend it with
+his life. Continuing, he charged the general with inciting his employ�s
+to depredate on the fences and fields. It was natural that this should
+arouse the mettle of the modern Mars. He flew into a towering rage, and
+applied many epithets to Mr. Dixon that are not warranted by the Ten
+Commandments. He even went so far as to raise his riding-whip and to
+threaten personal violence. Mr. Dixon is a man of few words, but a high
+temper, and, not caring to have his home and family thus offended, he
+gave the general one minute to move away while he rushed into his house
+for his deer rifle. There are none who doubt the valor of the general;
+but there may be a few who do not credit him with that discretion which
+is so valuable a part of valor. Suffice it for the ends of this
+chronicle to say that it required only a few moments for him to turn the
+gray mule's head towards Mount Vernon, and, in less time than it takes
+to here relate, the noble animal was distancing the Dixon homestead with
+gallant speed. It was no fox-trot, nor yet so fast as the Derby record,
+but most excellent for a mule. At any rate, it was a noble race, which
+saved a settler's shot and a patriot's bacon, and averted a possible
+catastrophe that might have cast a gloom on American history."
+
+If this narrative is strictly accurate, Washington might have replied to
+his refractory neighbor, on being warned away, in the language of the
+Nevada desperado who was put on a mule by a committee of vigilants and
+given ten minutes to get out of town; "Gentlemen," said the desperado,
+"if this mule don't balk, I don't want but five."
+
+
+Washington's Mother.
+
+Mrs. Washington found little difficulty in bringing up her children.
+They were disciplined to obedience, and a simple word was her command.
+She was not given to any display of petulance or rage, but was steady,
+well-balanced, and unvarying in her mood. That she was dignified, even
+to stateliness, is shown us by the statement made by Lawrence
+Washington, of Chotauk, a relative and playmate of George in boyhood,
+who was often a guest at her house. He says--"I was often there with
+George--his playmate, schoolmate, and young man's companion. Of the
+mother I was ten times more afraid than I ever was of my own parents.
+She awed me in the midst of her kindness, for she was indeed truly kind.
+I have often been present with her sons--proper tall fellows, too--and
+we were all as mute as mice; and even now, when time has whitened my
+locks, and I am the grandparent of a second generation, I could not
+behold that remarkable woman without feelings it is impossible to
+describe. Whoever has seen that awe-inspiring air and manner, so
+characteristic in the father of his country, will remember the matron as
+she appeared, when the presiding genius of her well-ordered household,
+commanding and being obeyed.
+
+
+
+
+A Child of Mary.
+
+
+An old general was once asked by a friend how it was that, after so many
+years spent in the camp, he had come to be so frequent a communicant,
+receiving several times a week. "My friend," answered the old soldier,
+"the strangest part of it is, that my change of life was brought about
+before I ever listened to the word of a priest, and before I had set my
+foot in a church. After my campaigns, God bestowed on me a pious wife,
+whose faith I respected, though I did not share it. Before I married her
+she was a member of all the pious confraternities of her parish, and she
+never failed to add to her signature, _Child of Mary_. She never took it
+upon herself to lecture me about God, but I could read her thoughts in
+her countenance. When she prayed, every morning and night, her
+countenance beamed with faith and charity; when she returned from the
+church, where she had received, with a calmness, a sweetness and a
+patience, which had in them something of the serenity of heaven, she
+seemed an angel. When she dressed my wounds I found her like a Sister of
+Charity.
+
+"Suddenly, I myself was taken with the desire to love the God whom my
+wife loved so well, and who inspired her with those virtues which formed
+the joy of my life. One day I, who hitherto was without faith, who was
+such a complete stranger to the practices of religion, so far from the
+Sacraments, said to her: 'Take me to your confessor.'
+
+"Through the ministry of this man of God, and by the divine grace, I
+have become what I am, and what I rejoice to be."
+
+
+
+
+Dead Man's Island.
+
+THE STORY OF AN IRISH COUNTRY TOWN.
+
+T. P. O'CONNOR, M. P.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+MAT BECOMES A FENIAN.
+
+
+Shortly before this, the Widow Cunningham had received the news that her
+poor boy had been killed in a colliery accident in Pennsylvania. This
+stopped the allowance which he used to send her out of his own scant
+wages.
+
+The destruction of her daughter now came as the last blow that broke her
+long-enduring spirit. There had been a time when she would have died
+rather than have gone into the workhouse, but she had nothing left to
+live for now, and she became a pauper. The Irish workhouse soon kills
+what little spirit successive misfortunes have left in its occupants
+before their entrance, and in a few years there was nothing left of the
+once proud, high-spirited and splendid woman, whom we knew in the early
+days of this history.
+
+Meantime, the fate of the girl had been the final influence in deciding
+the fate of another person. Mat Blake had fluctuated for a long time
+before he could make up his mind to join the revolutionary party; but on
+the very evening of the day on which he had seen Betty in the streets of
+Ballybay he made no further resistance, and that night was sworn in as a
+member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
+
+It is not my purpose in this story to enter at length into his
+adventures in his new and perilous enterprise. He had not been long in
+the ranks when he was recognized by Mr. James Stephens as one of the
+most promising members of the conspiracy, and he was chosen to do
+important and serious work. The funds of the organization were nearly
+always at the lowest ebb, and during this period of his life Mat had to
+pass through privations that could only be endured by a man of
+passionate purpose and unselfish aims. Many and many a time he had not
+the money wherewith to buy a railway ticket. His clothes were often
+ragged, and he frequently had to walk twenty miles in a day in shoes
+that were almost soleless. The arrangement usually was for the members
+of one circle to supply him with the money that would take him to the
+next town; and though he saw many instances of abject cowardice and
+hideous selfishness at this period--especially when the suspension of
+the _Habeas Corpus_ Act left the liberty, and to some extent, the life
+of every man at the disposal of the police. He also witnessed many
+proofs of heroic courage and noble devotion.
+
+At length the time came when everybody expected the blow to be struck at
+British tyranny, and the star of Irish liberty to arise. Mat, owing to
+his fiery and impatient temperament, naturally belonged to that section
+of the Fenian Brotherhood which demanded prompt action, and still in the
+age of illusions and of blinding rage, he would admit no difficulties,
+and feared no obstacles. Mat had sworn in hundreds of members. He had
+passed through the town of Ballybay on the memorable night when an Irish
+regiment, as it was leaving for other quarters, cheered through the town
+for the Irish Republic, and some of the men on whom he relied most
+strongly were in high authority in the police force. He knew nothing of
+the almost total want of arms, taking it for granted that all the wild
+boasts of the supplies from America and other sources were founded on
+facts. He was one of the deputation that finally waited upon the leaders
+in Dublin to hurry on the struggle.
+
+He went down to Ballybay on the night of the 17th of March, 18--, which
+had been fixed for the rising. The head centre of the province had
+arranged to meet the men there that night with arms. The Ballybay
+Barracks were to be surrendered to them through one of the sergeants who
+belonged to the Brotherhood; and it was hoped that by the evening of the
+next day, the green flag would float over the castle which for three
+centuries had been garrisoned by the soldiers of the enemy.
+
+Two hundred men met at the trysting place, close to the "Big Meadows."
+They were kept waiting for some time; impatience began to set in, and
+demoralization is the child of impatience. At last the head centre
+appeared; he had five guns for the whole party. Then the men saw that
+their hopes were betrayed. Most of them quietly dispersed towards their
+homes. That night Mat was seized in his bed, and within a few minutes
+afterwards was in goal. He felt that the game was up, that all his
+bright hopes, like those of many another noble Irish heart before him,
+had ended in farcical nothingness. Disaster followed upon disaster. When
+he made his appearance in court he saw upon the witness table one of his
+most trusted friends, who was about to give the evidence that would
+ensure his conviction.
+
+A final outrage was in store for him. The Government had resolved, when
+once it had entered upon the campaign against the conspiracy, to pursue
+it with vigor, and judges were selected who might be relied upon to show
+the accused no justice during the trial, and no mercy after the
+conviction. Crowe, who had been made a judge shortly after his last
+election for Ballybay, was naturally chosen as the chief and most useful
+actor in this drama. During all the years that had elapsed since his
+treason he had distinguished himself, even above all the other judges of
+the country, in the unscrupulous violence of his hostility to all
+popular movements. Trial before him came to be regarded as certainty of
+conviction. The fearlessness of the man made him inaccessible to the
+threats that were everywhere hurled against him, and his rage became the
+fiercer and his violence the more relentless on the day after he found a
+threatening letter under a plate on his own table. He brought to his
+task all the ferocity of the apostate. Under all his apparent
+independence, his quick vanity and his hot temper made him sensitive to
+attack, and the Fenian Press had made him the chief target of its most
+vehement and most constant invective.
+
+Mat Blake was known as one of the bitterest writers and speakers of the
+movement, and some of the writings in which he had attacked Crowe
+displayed a familiarity with the incidents of Ballybay elections which
+could only have come from the pen of one who had been intimately
+associated with those struggles.
+
+The two men now stood face to face--the one on the bench and the other
+in the dock. Crowe did not allow himself to betray any sign of previous
+acquaintance with the prisoner before him. The jury was selected; every
+man who might be supposed to have the least sympathy with National
+movements was rigorously excluded from the box, and Mat was tried by
+twelve men, of whom nine were Orangemen and the other three belonged to
+that Catholic-Whig _bourgeoisie_ against which he had always waged
+unsparing war. Anthony Cosgrave was the foreman. Mat was convicted, and
+sentenced to seven years' penal servitude.
+
+The sufferings he underwent during this period I will not attempt to
+describe. After a very short stay in Ireland he was transferred to
+Portland, and there the English warders exhausted upon him all the
+insolence and cruelty of ignorant and triumphant enemies. One suffering,
+however, was in his case somewhat mitigated. He had not a large
+appetite, and the prison food, though coarse, was sufficient for his
+wants. With the generosity which characterized him, he was even ready to
+divide his food with those whose appetites were more exacting. Among his
+companions were two men, tall, robust, red-haired, who belonged to a
+stock of Southern farmers, and who were possessed of the gigantic
+strength, the huge frame, and the sound digestion of Cork ploughmen.
+Every day these hapless creatures complained of hunger and of cold, and
+Mat and Charles Reilly, another member of the _Irish People_ staff,
+sometimes found a sombre pleasure in finding and gathering snails for
+them. Whenever either of them brought a snail to Meehan or to Sheil the
+famished men would swallow it eagerly, without even stopping to take off
+the shell. Meehan is now a prominent member of the Dynamite Party in New
+York. Sheil became insane shortly after his release, and threw himself
+into the Liffey.
+
+One day, after four years' imprisonment, the Governor called Mat into
+his room and told him that he was free. He was transferred to Milbank,
+then he was supplied with a suit of clothes several times too large for
+him, and he went out and by the Thames, and gazed on that noble stream
+with the eyes of a free man.
+
+He wandered aimlessly and listlessly along, unable yet to appreciate the
+full joy of his restoration to liberty. As he was passing over
+Westminster Bridge he was suddenly stopped by a man whom he had known in
+the ranks of the organization, and whom the fortune of war had not swept
+into gaol with the rest. The stranger looked at Mat for a few moments;
+gazed on the hollow eyes, the pale cheeks, and the worn frame, and,
+unable to restrain his emotions, burst into tears. This was the first
+indication Mat received of the terrible change that imprisonment had
+wrought in his appearance. The next day he set out for Ballybay.
+
+Meanwhile, vast changes seemed about to come over Ireland. The Fenian
+conspiracy had been the death-knell of the triumphant cynicism and
+corruption that had reigned over the country in the years succeeding the
+treason of Crowe. The name of Mr. Butt, as the leader of a new movement,
+was beginning to be spoken of. An agitation had been started which
+demanded a radical settlement of the land question. Demonstrations were
+taking place in almost every county, and the people were united,
+enthusiastic, and hopeful. Several of the worst of the landlords had
+already been brought to their knees, and there had been a considerable
+fall in the value of landed property. The serfs were passing from the
+extremity of despair and demoralization into the other extreme of
+exultant and sometimes cruel triumph.
+
+Even the town of Ballybay was beginning to be stirred, and the farmers
+all around joined the new organization in large numbers.
+
+By a curious coincidence a monster demonstration was announced in
+Ballybay for the very day of Mat's arrival.
+
+As Mat passed along the too well remembered scene between Ballybay and
+Dublin, he could not help thinking of the time when he had gone over
+this road on his first visit to Ireland after his departure for England.
+He had then thought that desolation had reached its ultimate point; but
+in the intervening period the signs of decay had increased. It appeared
+as if for every ruin that had stared him in the face on the former
+occasion ten now appeared. For miles and miles he caught sight of not
+one house, of no human face; he seemed almost to be travelling through a
+city of the dead.
+
+As the newspaper containing tidings of the new movement lay before him,
+he leaned back in reflection, and once more thought of the days in which
+Crowe figured as the saviour, and then as the betrayer of Ireland. It
+had been a rigid article of faith with the Fenian organization that no
+confidence was to be placed in constitutional agitations and agitators.
+Mat retained in their full fervor the doctrines he had held for years
+upon this point; and he turned away from the accounts of the new
+movement as from another chapter in national folly and prospective
+treason. Looking out on the familiar grey and dull sky, he could see no
+hope whatever for the future of his country. Irish life appeared to him
+one vast mistake; and so far as he had any plans for the future they
+were of a life removed from the chaos and fret and toil and moil and
+disappointments and humbug of politics. He thought of returning once
+more to his profession; but he resolved that it would be neither amid
+the incessant decay of Ireland, nor surrounded by hostile faces and
+unsympathetic hearts in England. His thoughts were of the mighty country
+which had extended its hospitality and generosity to so many of his
+race, and had bestowed upon them liberty, prosperity, and eminence. In
+all these visions one figure, one sweet face mingled itself. With Mary
+Flaherty by his side he felt that no career could be wholly dark, no
+part of the world wholly foreign, and as he once more indulged in waking
+dreams he hummed to himself the well-known air,--
+
+   "Though the last glimpse of Erin with sorrow I see,
+   Still wherever thou art shall seem Erin to me."
+
+At last he was at the railway, and there were his poor old father and
+his mother standing before him, their hair bleached to whiteness,
+trembling, feeble, with tears rolling down their cheeks. Mat was in his
+mother's arms in a moment.
+
+Ballybay, even on this occasion, was true to itself. The arrival of Mat
+in Dublin had been announced in the newspapers, and the heart of the
+people throughout the country went forth to him, as it always does to
+those whose generous rashness has been punished by England's worst
+tyranny. He had been accompanied to the railway station at the
+Broadstone by a crowd; thousands cheered him, and shook him by the hand,
+and wept and laughed. The word had mysteriously gone along the line that
+the patriot was returning, and at every one of the stations, however
+small, there was a multitude to greet him warmly.
+
+But at Ballybay, still deep down in the slough of its eternal despond, a
+few lorn and desolate-looking men stood on the platform. There they were
+once more, as if it were but yesterday, with their hands deep down in
+their pockets; the wistful, curious glance in their eyes, and the
+melancholy slouch in their shoulders. They tried to raise a cheer, but
+the attempt died in its own sickliness.
+
+And then Mat left the train, walked over the station as one in a dream,
+and was placed upon the sidecar almost without knowing what he was
+doing.
+
+There was a terrible dread at his heart; he asked his mother a question;
+she answered him; and then, and for the first time since he had left
+prison, his heart burst, his spirit broke, and he entered his father's
+house pallid, trembling, his eyes suffused with bitter tears.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+THE DEMONSTRATION.
+
+
+And thus it came to pass that the chief characters of this story found
+themselves in Ballybay again on its closing day, on exactly the same
+spot as they were on the day when it opened.
+
+The Land League demonstration was not prepared with any particular care
+or organization, the Irish people being still, even in the matter of
+political demonstration, in a state of childish immaturity. It turned
+out to be better so, for the spontaneous inventiveness of the moment
+suggested a programme far more dramatic and picturesque than could have
+occurred to the mind of the most ingenious political stage-manager. The
+platform had been erected on the spot where the cabin had stood which
+the son of the Gombeen man had overthrown so many years ago. The field
+now was laid in grass, which, before the demonstration waved long and
+green; but as the hours went on and the thousands of feet passed over
+it, the grass was all crushed and torn. There were half a dozen
+bands--two of them dressed in the showy uniform which descends from the
+pictures of Robert Emmet in the dock--and they played continuously and
+for the most part discordantly. There were also many banners, there was
+a long procession of men on horseback, and the heads of the horses were
+covered with green boughs. Green, indeed, was everywhere; there were
+green banners, green scarves, green neck-ties, and the greater part of
+the men displayed the green ticket of the Tenant League in their hats.
+The air of the crowd was in no way serious, the whole affair was rather
+like a _f�te_ than a grave political demonstration. The multitudes, too,
+had the absence of self-control which characterizes popular
+demonstrations; their feelings seemed to express themselves without
+thought or premeditation, speech overflowed rather than fell from their
+lips. The result was that the cheering was continuous; now it was the
+arrival of a band; then the erect walk of a sturdy contingent from a
+distant point; sometimes it was simply the exchange of a look, that,
+though mute, spoke volumes, between the people in the procession and
+those on the sidepaths, that brought forth a wild cheer, in short the
+temper of the crowd was bright and electrical--the mood for unusual
+ideas and passionate scenes.
+
+The good humor was hearty rather than inventive or articulate, but one
+man had had the genius to invent a comic device. This was a very wild
+creature, half beggar, half laborer, the last of a rapidly dying class
+in Ireland. He had got hold of a wretched nag of whom the knacker had
+been defrauded for many years and seated on this in fantastic dress he
+cudgelled it unmercifully, amid screams of laughter, for around its neck
+was a placard with the words, "Dead Landlordism."
+
+About two o'clock, there was seen making a desperate attempt to
+penetrate through this teeming, densely-packed, and noisy multitude, a
+stout figure, with a face ugly, irregular, good-humored. He was dressed
+in a long and dull-colored and almost shabby ulster. His hat was as
+rough as if it had been brushed the wrong way, and he wore a suit of
+tweed that was now very old, but that even in its earliest days would
+have been scorned by the poorest shopman of the town with any
+pretensions to respectability, and the trousers were short and painfully
+bagged at the knees. But the divine light of genius shone from the brown
+eyes and the ample forehead. The enthusiasm of the multitude now knew no
+bounds. There was first a strange stillness, then, when the word seemed
+to have passed with a strange and lightning-like rapidity from mouth to
+mouth, there burst forth a great cheer, and it was known that Isaac Butt
+had come.
+
+But even the Irish leader was destined to play a subordinate part in the
+proceedings of this strange day. It was a local speaker that stirred the
+hearts of the people to the uttermost, for he told the story of the
+eviction of the Widow Cunningham, of the death of her husband, the exile
+of her son, the shame of her daughter.
+
+While he was speaking some one cried, "She'll have her own agin," and
+then a few of the young fellows disappeared from the platform. In the
+course of half-an-hour they returned. They ascended the platform, and
+after a while, and another pause, a strange and audible thrill passed
+through the multitude; and then there were passed in almost a hoarse
+whisper the words, "The Widow Cunningham." And she it was; acting on the
+hint of the speaker, she had been taken from the workhouse; and she was
+brought back to her old farm again and to the site of her shattered
+homestead and broken life. The multitude cheered themselves hoarse;
+hundreds rushed to the platform to seize her by the hand; a few women
+threw their arms around her neck, and wept and laughed. Finally, the
+enthusiasm could not be controlled, and, in spite of the entreaties of
+the political leaders and of the priests, a knot of young men caught the
+poor old creature up, and carried her around the field in triumph; the
+crowd everywhere swaying backwards and forwards, divided between the
+effort to make a way for the strange procession and the desire to catch
+sight of the old woman. Probably few of the people there could
+understand the strange effect which this sight had upon them; but their
+instincts guided them aright in the enthusiasm with which they hailed
+this visible token of a bad and terrible and irrevocable past.
+
+And how was it with the chief actor in the scene? Five years of life in
+a workhouse had left no trace of the handsome, long-haired, and
+passionate woman who had cursed the destroyer of her house and her
+children with wild vehemence, and had resisted the assault of the
+Crowbar Brigade with murderous energy. She was now simply a feeble old
+woman, with scanty grey hair; the light had died out of her eyes; and
+there was nothing left in them now but weariness and pain; her cheeks
+were sunk and were dreadfully discolored; in short, she was a poor,
+feeble, old woman, with broken spirits and dulled brain. The revenge for
+which she had longed and prayed had come at last; but it had come too
+late.
+
+She went through the whole scene with curious and unconscious gaze, as
+of one passing through a waking dream, and the only sign she gave of
+understanding anything that was going on was that she gave a weak and
+weary little smile when the people cried out to her enthusiastically,
+"Bravo, Widow Cunningham!"--a smile as spectral as the state of things
+of which she was the relic. She was very wearied and almost fainting
+when she was brought back to the platform; and then she said, in a voice
+that was a little louder than a whisper, and with a strange wistfulness
+in her eyes, "I'd like a cup of tay."
+
+But there was no tea to be had, and the thoughtless good-nature of the
+day helped to precipitate the tragedy which the equally thoughtless
+enthusiasm had begun. A dozen flasks were produced; a tumbler was taken
+from the table, and a large quantity of whiskey was poured down her
+throat. She became feeble, and the rays of intelligence almost
+disappeared from her face.
+
+At last, as the evening fell, the crowd dispersed; the old pauper was
+left by the men who had brought her to the platform, and there were but
+a couple of women more watchful than the rest to take care of her. They
+tried to bring her home, but she showed a strange kind of obstinacy, and
+refused for a long time to move. When she was got to make a stir she
+seemed most unwilling to go in the direction of the workhouse, she would
+give no reason--for indeed she seemed either unable or unwilling to
+speak at all, but with the silent obstinacy of an animal she tried to go
+in an opposite direction. At last the two women thought it wisest to
+humor her, and let her go where she wished. By this time night had
+completely fallen, and in going down a dark boreen she managed to escape
+from her companions altogether. They searched everywhere around, and at
+last frightened, they went home for their husbands. A party of five
+people--the husbands, the son of one of them, and the two women came
+along the boreen, guided by the dim light of the farthing dip which is
+the only light the Irish farmer has yet been able to use. After a long
+search they came to a spot well known to all of them, and then the truth
+burst suddenly upon them. One of the women had been at the funeral of
+the Widow Cunningham's husband when she was a little girl, and
+remembered the spot where he was buried. They all followed her there in
+a strange anxiety, and their anticipations proved right. On the grave of
+her husband they found the Widow Cunningham, and she was a corpse.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+DEAD MAN'S ISLAND.
+
+
+There was one person in Ballybay at least who envied the woman that lay
+forever free from life's fitful fever. The day's demonstration in the
+town had brought no joy to Mat's heart. He had not yet learned to make
+any distinction between the agitators who had broken his own life and
+murdered the hopes of his country, and the very different class of men
+who had brought new life and hope to the Irish nation. The whole
+business of the meeting to him, therefore, appeared nothing but gabble,
+treason, and folly. He spent his hours, after a scornful look or two at
+the preparations for the speeches of the day, in wandering through the
+fields and streets which he had known in boyhood, and appeared to have
+left so very, very long ago. Every sight deepened his depression. He
+thought of the first day he had spent in the town long ago, when he
+visited Ballybay for the first time after years of absence. Then he
+thought that he had exhausted the possibilities of grief over the waste
+of a nation's life; but he now found that there were deeper depths and
+larger possibilities of suffering in the Irish tragedy. Famine, plague,
+a whirlwind, or an earthquake could not, as he thought, have worked
+mischief more deadly, more appalling, more complete. He saw, with a
+curious sinking of the heart and an overwhelming sadness, that nearly
+every well-remembered spot of his boyhood was marked by the ruins of a
+desolated home. Here was the corner where he used to turn from the one
+to the two mile round--as two of the walks around Ballybay were
+called--but where was the house with its crowd of noisy children, which
+he saw every morning with the same confident familiarity as a
+well-remembered piece of furniture in his own house? Yes: there was the
+little road where he remembered to have stood one day so many years ago.
+It was a bright, beautiful day in summer, the sky was blue, and the
+roses bloomed; but everything was dark to him, for Betty, his first
+nurse, the strongest affection of his childhood, had retired to her
+mother's home the day before. And as he recalled how all the world
+seemed to be over for him on that day, he felt the full brotherhood of
+sorrow, and in one moment understood all the tragic significance of the
+separation which emigration had caused in more than a million Irish
+homes. The road had changed as though the country had been turned from
+a civilized to a savage land. The grass was growing thick and rank, the
+roses had gone, thick weeds choked festering pools, and of the little
+cottage in which Betty had dwelt there was not even a vestige.
+
+And so, alas, in the town. At its entrance a whole street had
+disappeared, black and charred the walls stood--silent and deserted.
+This constant recurrence of the symbols of separation, desertion,
+silence, death, produced a strange numbness in his mind, and he walked
+along in a dream that became deeper and deeper. But he saw everything
+with the obscurity, and still with the strange, piercing look, of the
+dreamer. Turning from the houses to the people, he saw as it were in a
+flash the true meaning of that weary look which he had first observed as
+the prevalent expression of most faces; he loathed and at the same time
+he understood the prematurely bloated and blotched faces of so many of
+the young men whom he met everywhere, and read the story of the hopeless
+struggle against daily deepening gloom which had sought desperate relief
+in whiskey. He understood the procession of sad, and, as in his exalted
+mood he thought, spectral, men and women, that flowed in a noiseless
+stream to the chapel. It was May, "the month of Mary," as it is so
+touchingly called in Ireland, and in that month there are devotions
+every night in honor of the Mother of God. It was with difficulty he
+restrained his tears as there rose from the voices of the congregation
+the well-known and well-remembered hymn to the Blessed Virgin--the
+fitting wail of a people who dwell in a land of sorrows.
+
+"Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy. Our Life, Our Sweetness, and Our
+Hope, to thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve, to thee do we
+send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears." How
+well he recalled the evening long ago, when the hymn first struck him as
+the wail from the helpless agony of a dying nation.
+
+Then Mat went home, and, as he entered the house, he noticed with the
+new-born light in his eyes many things that had escaped his attention
+when he first entered there in the morning. His father, as he answered
+the door, seemed to him to have aged ten years since he had looked at
+him in the morning, and he saw with a pang that seemed to squeeze his
+heart as in a vice that his clothes were shabby, and that even his boots
+were patched and broken. Then he went upstairs, and, entering the parlor
+noiselessly, caught sight of his mother. She turned sharply around, and
+to his horror and surprise he saw a fierce, violent blush overspread her
+pale cheek. He could not help looking at the table, and there he saw the
+same dread sight that had met him at so many painful crises in his life,
+for his mother was examining bank bills and pawn tickets. Then he rushed
+back in memory to the days of his own childhood, when he had wondered
+why it was that his mother occasionally wept as she turned over these
+mysterious slips of blue paper and small pieces of stiff card. The
+abject failure of his life never appeared to him so clearly as it did at
+that moment, and the sense of complete disaster was aggravated by the
+awful feeling that he had made others suffer even more bitterly than
+himself. And for a moment it seemed, too, as if his mother were resolved
+that he should taste the full bitterness of the moral, for she looked at
+him fixedly as the blush died from her cheeks; but her heart was too
+touched by his look of pain, and in a moment she had kissed him on the
+cheek, after the frigid and self-restrained fashion of Ballybay.
+
+Mat had a battle with himself as to whether he should visit Mary on this
+day; but after a while he felt that it would be a sort of savage triumph
+if he could fill the whole day with all the pain that could be packed
+within its hours. He had no idea as yet what he was going to do with the
+morrow, but it would certainly bring some new departure; this day he
+was, for this reason, the more resolutely ready to abandon to the luxury
+of woe.
+
+Mary was alone when he visited the house; her husband had left town, for
+he did not dare, with all his courage, to aggravate the popular hatred
+by being visible on the day of the demonstration. She came into the room
+and shook hands with him, to his surprise, without any appearance of
+embarrassment. He looked at her without a word for a few moments, while
+she asked a few questions in a perfectly natural tone of voice about the
+meeting, his imprisonment, etc. As he looked he thought he saw a strange
+and mournful change in her face. The features seemed to have grown not
+merely hard, but coarse. He remembered the time when her upper lip had
+appeared to his eyes short, expressive, elegant; now it seemed to have
+grown long and vulgar. Her dark eyes were cold and impenetrable.
+
+For a while they talked about indifferent things, but though he had
+sworn to himself a thousand times that he would never utter a word about
+her broken troth, his nerves were still too shaken and unsteady, after
+his sufferings in prison and the wearing experiences through which he
+had passed, to allow him to maintain complete self-control.
+
+"And so you married Cosgrave," he said, as a beginning.
+
+She looked at him sharply, and then answered, in the same cold and
+perfectly collected voice, "Yes, I married Cosgrave."
+
+"Are you happy?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You never cared for me?" he said with bitterness; and then the venom,
+which had been choking him from the hour when he heard that his
+betrothed was gone, overflowed. He went on, in a voice that grew hoarse
+in its vehemence: "Look! I have been four years in prison; in the
+company of burglars, pickpockets, murderers; I have been kept in silence
+and solitude and restraint; and yet in all these four years I never
+suffered a pang so horrible as when I heard that you had proved untrue."
+
+"No," she answered, with a stillness that sounded strangely after the
+high-pitched and passionate tones of his voice; "I was not untrue, for I
+was faithful to my highest duty." Then she paused, and when next she
+spoke her voice was also passionate; but it was passion that was
+expressed in low and biting, and not in a loud tone. "You have known the
+life of a prison: but you have not passed through the hell of Irish
+poverty."... Then, after a pause, in which she seemed buried in an
+agonizing retrospect, she said--"I would marry a cripple to help my
+family."
+
+She had scarcely said these words when her father entered. The father
+was as much changed in Mat's eyes as the daughter; he could scarcely
+walk; his feet seemed just able to bear him; and his hand was palsied.
+He did not at first recognize Mat; and when at last he knew who it was,
+said in the old voice, the familiar words which Mat so loathed, "Ah! the
+crachure! Ah! the crachure!"
+
+Mat now had the key to the hideous tragedy which had separated him from
+the woman he loved, and who loved him. He looked quickly at her; but the
+light of momentary excitement had died out of the face, and the
+expression was now perfectly serene. Several reflections passed rapidly
+through Mat's mind. He saw clearly that the girl had not a particle of
+self-reproach; not a doubt of the rectitude or even the nobility of her
+conduct; she had immolated herself with the same inflexible resolve and
+unquestioning faith as the sublime murderer of Marat. Then passing
+rapidly in mental review the history of so many self-murdered hearts, he
+asked which was the more cruel--the Irish or the Indian suttee. Perhaps
+in that moment Mat gained more knowledge than is given to other men in
+years of that strangest of all, even feminine, problems--an Irish girl's
+heart.
+
+For a moment the two were left alone, for the first and only time in all
+their lives.
+
+"What?" said Mat, in an audible soliloquy, "is Irish life?" And then he
+answered the question himself as she remained silent. "A tragedy, a
+squalid tragedy!" But she looked at him cold, irresponsive, defiant, and
+he rushed away before the old man came back with the whiskey.
+
+The wreck of this girl's nature; her acceptance in full faith of the
+sordid and terrible gospel of loveless marriage; the omnipotence of even
+a little money in a land of abject and hopeless and helpless poverty,
+brought the realities of Irish life with a clearness to his mind more
+terrible than even uprooted houses and echoless streets.
+
+He accepted the invitation of a friend to take a row up the river,
+beautiful with its eternal and changeless beauty amid all this wreck of
+hopes and blasting of lives.
+
+They passed a small island.
+
+"What is that called," asked Mat of the boatman.
+
+"Dead Man's Island."
+
+"What did you say?"
+
+"Dead Man's Island."
+
+"A----h,----Dead--Man's--Island!"
+
+   THE END.
+
+
+GOING ON FOOT TO ROME.--In these days, when pilgrims go to Rome and
+Jerusalem by railway and steamer, it is refreshing to hear that the
+old-fashioned pilgrim may still be found. The last of these appears to
+be Ignacio Martinez, a native of Valladolid, who has nearly completed
+his pilgrimage to the Holy Place begun two years ago.
+
+
+
+
+The Boys in Green.
+
+
+After reading the Reminiscences of the Ninth Massachusetts, Volunteers,
+published in late numbers of DONAHOE'S, it occurred to the writer that a
+few incidents which came under my own personal observation, in which
+that regiment figured, occurring over twenty-three years ago, may be of
+interest to the survivors of the gallant Ninth, or their descendants. It
+may also interest the general public, and your Irish-American readers in
+particular, for my experience will speak more particularly of the corps
+with which my fortunes were cast--Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish
+Brigade. It was originally composed of three regiments, viz.,
+Sixty-Third New York, Eighty-Eighth New York, and Sixty-Ninth New York,
+all organized in New York City, but some of its companies hailing from
+Albany, Boston, etc. The writer of this was connected with the Albany
+Company K, Sixty-Third Regiment, in the capacity of "high private" when
+the regiment was organized. This paper is merely intended to give an
+account of a few incidents in which the brigade participated, not by any
+means as a history of that organization.
+
+It is well known to those familiar with events at the beginning of the
+war, that the Washington authorities decided to change McClellan's base
+of operations in the movement against the rebel capital (Richmond, Va.),
+to the Peninsula. Accordingly, in the spring of 1862, over one hundred
+thousand men and material of the Army of the Potomac, at that time, and
+subsequently, the largest and best disciplined body of troops in the
+service of the Republic, were sent by water to Fortress Monroe, Ship
+Point, and adjacent places for disembarkation. Very few people in civil
+life have any conception of the labor attending an operation of this
+kind. Not alone was this immense body of men carried by water, but all
+the material as well: heavy and field artillery; animals for the same;
+horses for the cavalry; and baggage, ammunition and supply trains.
+Thanks to the superiority of our navy at the time, the movement was
+entirely successful. It is true a few sailing crafts, and some armed
+rebel vessels showed themselves; but they took refuge up the York,
+Pamunkey, Elizabeth and James Rivers, to be afterwards destroyed as the
+Union Army advanced.
+
+The writer was at the time on detached service (recruiting) in New York
+City; but at the period the advanced vessels of the Flotilla reached the
+Peninsula he received orders to rejoin his regiment. Accordingly I left
+Albany (depot for recruits) April 11, 1862, in charge of twenty-two men,
+eleven for Sixty-Third and eleven for Eighty-Eighth Regiments, reaching
+Fort Monroe April 14, by steamer from Washington. I shall never forget
+the impression made on my civilian mind as we steamed under the frowning
+guns of the weather-beaten Fort, in the gray of the morning. It
+impressed me with awe, as the black muzzles of the "War Dogs" bade
+defiance in their silent grandeur to rebels in arms and European
+enemies, who, at the time, entertained anything but friendly feelings
+towards the Republic.
+
+The achievement of the famous _Monitor_ was, at the time, in everybody's
+mouth. Your older readers will remember how the "Yankee Cheese-Box," the
+gallant Worden in command, put in appearance in Hampton Roads, a day or
+two after the finest wooden war ships in the government service were
+sent to the bottom, by the guns and ram of the rebel _Merrimac_. When
+the saucy, insignificant-looking craft boldly steamed for the victorious
+rebel iron-clad, the officers on board could not believe their senses,
+never having seen anything like the mysterious stranger before; but when
+fire and smoke belched forth from the _Monitor's_ revolving turret, they
+were reminded that they had better look to their guns. Not being able to
+damage the stranger with their British cannon, the rebel tried the
+effect of its powerful ram; but the "cheese-box" divining its
+intentions, nimbly got out of harm's way. Its powerful eleven-inch guns
+in the turret continued to pound the iron sides of the _Merrimac_, until
+the latter thought "discretion the better part of valor," and sought
+safety in flight by ascending the Elizabeth River to Norfolk, not before
+being badly damaged in the encounter. Notwithstanding the rebel had
+numerous guns of the most approved pattern, their shot glanced
+harmlessly from the _Monitor's_ revolving turret, the only object
+visible above water. You may think we looked upon the champion with no
+little pleasure as she peacefully lay in the channel, with steam up,
+waiting for the appearance of its powerful adversary, which never came.
+(The _Merrimac_ was so badly damaged in the encounter, its commander,
+Jones, blew her up sooner than see her in the enemy's hands.) The masts
+of the ill-fated _Cumberland_ and her consorts were plainly visible in
+the distance, where they sank with their brave tars standing nobly by
+their guns.
+
+I am afraid the editor of the MAGAZINE will get impatient with my
+description before coming to the Ninth. The writer goes into these
+particulars because another generation has come on the scene since they
+happened, and it may interest them.
+
+After landing with my detachment of twenty-two men, we turned our faces
+landward to find the army then moving towards Richmond. On the way we
+passed through the village of Hampton, and subsequently were much
+interested in looking over the battlefield of Big Bethel, where Magruder
+made his first fight on the Peninsula, not long previous, and where the
+Union troops were roughly handled. Gen. Joseph B. Carr, of Troy, N. Y.,
+in command of the Second New York Volunteers, one of the most successful
+Irish-American soldiers of the late war, took a prominent part in this
+battle. It is thought he would have retrieved the blunders of some of
+the Union officers, if he had not been ordered to retire by Gen. B. F.
+Butler, who was in command. Gen. Carr is now serving out his third
+successive term as Secretary of State of New York. He recently ran for
+Lieutenant Governor on the Republican ticket; and although he failed to
+get elected, he ran nearly nine thousand votes ahead of his ticket. The
+rebel field works were just as they left them. The neighboring forests
+told the story of the desperate conflict by the manner in which they
+were torn from the effects of the artillery.
+
+It was a long and tedious journey before we struck the army of "Little
+Mac;" and when the shades of night began to envelope us, the little
+squad was footsore, tired and hungry, having covered twenty-four miles
+since leaving the steamer. To add to our inconvenience, we had eaten
+nothing since leaving the vessel, and then a limited supply of "hard
+tack," washed down with coffee. The location of Meagher's Brigade was
+among the uncertainties. All our inquiries of troops in the vicinity
+were fruitless.
+
+Learning from the men of a battery, encamped on the edge of a clearing,
+that an Irish Regiment was not far distant, inquired the name (State and
+number).
+
+"I think, sergeant," said the officer addressed, "that it is an Irish
+Regiment from Massachusetts, but I do not know the number; they have an
+Irish flag anyhow." Thanking the captain for the information, we sought
+the locality of the Irish boys and their green flag.
+
+"Halt! who comes there?" demanded a sentinel, pacing his beat, a few
+yards from the road, as the squad approached in the twilight.
+
+"Friends!" was the response.
+
+"Advance, friends, and give the countersign!"
+
+We had no "countersign," and could not give it. I did the next best
+thing, and addressed the sentinel thus:
+
+"We are Union soldiers, trying to find our regiment, having landed this
+morning at Fortress Monroe. We are tired and without anything to eat,
+since early this morning. Be good enough to tell us the name of that
+regiment yonder."
+
+"That is the Ninth Massachusetts, Col. Tom Cass," was his response.
+
+"Call the corporal of the guard; I would like to see the colonel."
+
+"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" he lustily called out, at the top of
+his voice.
+
+"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" was repeated in succession by the
+respective posts; bringing that officer on the run, in a few minutes to
+the post designated.
+
+I repeated the request to the "corporal of the guard," a bright little
+man, about twenty-four years old. He requested us to remain where we
+were until the "officer of the guard" was consulted, "for ye know we are
+in the enemy's counthry, and we must be cautious." We assented, of
+course. Presently a lieutenant made his appearance, and after hearing
+our story, told us to follow him. We passed the guard and made our way
+to the colonel's quarters, before which a soldier was leisurely pacing.
+The lieutenant entered, but returned in a moment and desired me to
+follow him. I did so, and found myself in a group of officers. I saluted
+and came to "attention."
+
+"Well, sergeant, what can we do for you?" kindly asked an officer with
+the eagles of a colonel on his shoulders.
+
+"We are benighted, sir; my men and I landed at the Fort this morning,
+and are on the way to find our regiments. We have had nothing to eat in
+twelve hours. We're hungry and tired, and claim your hospitality for the
+night."
+
+"May I ask what command you belong to, sir?"
+
+"My regiment is the Sixty-Third New York, colonel, and the detachment is
+for that regiment and the Eighty-Eighth New York."
+
+"What! Gen. Meagher, the Irish Brigade! Consider yourself at home,
+sergeant. The best in our camp is at your service. You can have all you
+can eat and drink, and a place to rest. Orderly," addressing a soldier
+in front of the tent, "send Sergeant ---- to me."
+
+"I see by your chevrons you are a non-commissioned
+officer. May I ask your name?" addressing me.
+
+"Sergeant J---- D----, Company K, colonel," was my response.
+
+The sergeant made his appearance, and Col. Cass (for we learned,
+subsequently, it was he) gave him directions to take Sergeant D----and
+his men, and give them everything they wanted for the night, and their
+breakfast before leaving in the morning. As we were about retiring the
+colonel remarked:--
+
+"The night is chilly, sergeant; fog is heavy, malaria abroad, and you
+are tired. Wouldn't you like something in the way of liquid
+refreshments?"
+
+"Thanks, colonel," I replied; "but the Sixty-Third is a temperance
+regiment.[9] We took the pledge from Father Dillon, last January, on
+David's Island, New York Harbor, for the war."
+
+"Is it possible? I am glad to hear it! God bless you. I trust you will
+keep your pledge, not only for the war, but for all future time." I
+thanked him, gave him a salute and retired.
+
+We certainly found ourselves in "the hands of our friends." Sergeant
+----(unfortunately my diary is silent as to his name) took us to his
+quarters, and that being inadequate, lodged out some of the strangers.
+Coffee was made for us at the company's kitchen, and in less than half
+an hour there was enough of that delicious beverage steaming hot before
+us, with a mountain of "hard tack," to feed a company, instead of
+twenty-three men. The wants of the inner man being attended to (and we
+did the spread full justice) brier wood and tobacco were called into
+requisition. We found ourselves the centre of an interested crowd, for
+it got noised abroad that a squad of Gen. Meagher's men was in Sergeant
+----'s quarters. "Taps" were sounded at the usual hour, but, by
+permission of the "officer of the day" the lights in the sergeant's
+tent, and others adjoining, were not extinguished, out of respect to the
+New Yorkers. During the evening song and story were in order, and at
+this late day it will not be giving away a secret to say that the
+"liquid refreshments," so kindly offered by the colonel were not ignored
+by many present, for the Ninth had a sutler with it, whose supply of
+"commissary" was yet abundant to be taken as an antidote against the
+malaria.
+
+At day-break the regiment was roused from slumber by the soul-stirring
+sounds of the "reveille" which reverberated through the dark pine woods
+of the "sacred soil." The strangers were prevailed on to take a hasty
+cup of coffee, and as the men were forming for company drill, we bade
+them "good-by," and sought our own regiments, which we found in camp in
+a clearing, at Ship Point, nine miles from Yorktown, then held by the
+enemy.
+
+The writer did not see the Ninth again until the 27th of June following
+(1862), and the occasion was a sad one. When McClellan's right wing was
+crushed like an egg shell under Gen. Fitz John Porter, on the north bank
+of the Chickahominy, two brigades of Sumner's Second Corps (Meagher and
+French's) were ordered from the centre of our lines at Fair Oaks to
+check the victorious march of the overwhelming masses of the enemy.
+After fighting like Spartans for two days, the twenty-seven thousand men
+under Porter were outflanked by the enemy who were sixty-five thousand
+strong. Porter's troops were compelled to retire, and by sundown they
+were in full retreat towards the temporary bridges constructed by our
+troops, over the Chickahominy. At this juncture the two brigades
+mentioned were ordered from our centre to check the advance of the now
+victorious enemy.
+
+The force engaged at Gaines' Mill was: Union, 50 Regiments, 20
+batteries, 27,000 men. Confederate: 129 Regiments, 19 batteries, 65,000
+men. Losses: Union, killed, 894; wounded, 3,107; missing, 2,836; total,
+6,837. Confederate: Somewhat larger, especially in killed and wounded.
+Perhaps in the whole history of the war there was no battle fought with
+more desperation on both sides than that of Mechanicville (June 26), and
+Gaines' Mill (June 27). Fitz John Porter handled his army with such
+ability that his inferior force repelled repeated attacks of the flower
+of the rebel army under Lee and Jackson; and if it were not for the
+blundering of the cavalry, under Gen. Cook, through whose
+instrumentality Porter's lines were broken, he would have repelled all
+efforts to drive him to the river. As an evidence of the desperate
+nature of the conflict, it may be mentioned that one Rebel regiment
+(Forty-Fourth Georgia) lost three hundred and thirty-five men.
+
+We got there, about eight miles, at eight o'clock, having pushed on by
+forced marches all the way, but too late to change the fortunes of the
+day. We did check the advancing and exalting Rebels, who supposed a
+large part of the Union army had come to the rescue. Forming our lines
+on top of the hill (Gain's) with an Irish cheer we went down the
+northern side of the hill pell-mell for the enemy. The pursuers were now
+the pursued. The Rebels broke and fled before Irish steel. To advance in
+the darkness would be madness. The regiments were brought to a halt. So
+as to deceive the Confederates as to the number of reinforcements, the
+position of each regiment was constantly changed. In one of these
+movements, the right of the Sixty-Third struck a rebel battalion, halted
+in the darkness, and for a time there was temporary confusion. The grey
+coats were brushed aside instantly, getting a volley from the right wing
+of the Sixty-Third as a reminder that we meant business.
+
+Fitz John Porter pays this tribute to the brigade as to the part it
+took on this occasion: "French and Meagher's brigades of Sumner's corps,
+all that the corps commanders deemed they could part with, were sent
+forward by the commanding general.... All soon rallied in rear of the
+Adams House behind Sykes and the brigades of French and Meagher sent to
+our aid, and who now with hearty cheers greeted our battalions as they
+retired and reformed."
+
+While resting on our arms the dead and wounded were thick all
+around--friend and foe. Alas! not a few were our brothers of the Ninth
+Massachusetts. They told us in whispers how they repelled the enemy all
+day, and not until they were flanked by the Rebels did they give way
+before their repeated charges. The remnant of the regiment I
+subsequently saw next morning, in the rear, few in numbers, but with its
+spirit unbroken.
+
+Having held the enemy in check to permit our broken battalions and the
+wounded to recross the Chickahominy, the two brigades silently left the
+field before dawn the next morning, blowing up the bridge behind us,
+thus stopping the pursuit. The two brigades occupied their old places
+behind the breastwork, at four the next morning, completely exhausted,
+but gratified that we were instrumental in checking the enemy, and
+saving from capture a large part of the army.
+
+Four days later, July 1st, the bloody conflict of Malvern Hill was
+fought--the last of the Seven Days' Battles. Meagher's brigade, at that
+time consisting of the Sixty-Third, Eighty-Eighth, and Sixty-Ninth New
+York and one regiment from Massachusetts (Twenty-Ninth), had arms
+stacked in a beautiful valley, in the rear of the struggling hosts. All
+day long the storm of battle raged, and the men of the brigade were
+congratulating themselves that for once, at least, we would not be
+called upon to participate. Each regiment was ordered to kill several
+sheep and beeves, found the same day on the lands of a rich Virginian.
+While the companies were being served, a staff officer was seen riding
+at full speed to Gen. Meagher's head-quarters, his horse wet with foam.
+The men knew what that meant. We had seen it before. In a few minutes
+the "long roll" sounded in every regiment, and in less time than it
+takes to write these lines, the brigade was on the march. We knew from
+the sound of the guns that we were not going from but nearing the
+combat. Turning a ridge in the south-east, a fearful sight met our view.
+Thousands of wounded streamed to the rear, in the direction of Harrison
+Landing, on the James. Men with shattered arms and legs, some limping,
+all bloody and powder-stained. Many defiant, but the badly wounded
+moaning with agony. The head of the column, with Gen. Meagher and staff
+in front, turned sharply to the right, with difficulty forcing our way
+through the wounded crowds. We learned, subsequently, that after
+repelling the enemy with fearful slaughter all day, towards nightfall
+they pressed our left and attempted to seize the roads on our line of
+retreat to the James. Not till then were Meagher's men called on, and
+promptly they responded. While hurrying to the front, the Sixty-Third
+being the third regiment was halted. At this moment a volley from the
+left between us and the river, swept through our ranks. Seventeen men of
+the regiment fell, among them being Col. John Burke, who received a ball
+in the knee. He fell from his horse, but the mishap was for the moment
+kept from the men. Lieut.-Col. Fowler assumed command, and before the
+Rebel regiment had time to reload, four hundred smooth bores sent a
+withering volley crashing through their ranks. This put a quietus upon
+them.
+
+"What regiment is this?" demanded an officer on horseback, surrounded by
+his staff, who came galloping up as the men reloaded.
+
+"This is the Sixty-Third New York, general," responded Lieut.-Col.
+Fowler of that regiment.
+
+"I am Gen. Porter, in command of this part of the field. I order you to
+remain here to support a battery now on its way to this spot. Do you
+understand, sir?"
+
+"Yes, general; the Sixty-Third always obeys orders," was the lieutenant
+colonel's prompt response, and Gen. Porter disappeared to the front.
+
+While halted here for the appearance of the battery, a crowd of men
+coming from the front, in the now gathering darkness, attracted my
+attention. I should say there were not more than fifty men all
+told--perhaps not more than thirty. They were grouped around their
+colors, which I discovered to be a United States flag and a green
+standard. The men were the most enthusiastic I ever saw. They were
+cheering, and their voices could be plainly heard over the roar of
+battle. Some were without caps, many were wounded, and all grimy
+from powder, and every few moments some one of them called for
+"three cheers for the stars and stripes."
+
+"Let us give three for the green flag, boys."
+
+"Give the Rebels h---- boys!" To one officer in front cheering, who had
+his cap on the point of his sword, I inquired:
+
+"What regiment is this, captain?"
+
+"Why, don't you know?
+
+"This is all that is left of the old Ninth Massachusetts--all that is
+left of us boys!
+
+"Our dead and wounded are in the woods over there!
+
+"Oh! we lost our colonel, boys; the gallant Cass, one of the best
+fighters and bravest man in the army!
+
+"We saved our colors, though, and we had to fight to do it!
+
+"Go in, Irish Brigade! Do as well as the Ninth did!
+
+"Three cheers for the stars and stripes!
+
+"Give three for the old Bay State!
+
+"Hurrah!"
+
+And the remnant of the splendid regiment filed to the rear in the
+darkness; but still their cheers could be heard for quite a distance
+over the rattle of musketry and the sound of the guns.
+
+"The battery! The battery! Here comes the battery!" was heard from a
+hundred throats, as it wildly thundered and swept from the rear,
+regardless of the dead and dying, who fairly littered the field. God
+help the dying, for the dead cared not! The iron wheels of the
+carriages, and feet of the horses, discriminate not between friend and
+foe. It will never be known how many were ground to pulp that July
+evening as Capt. J. R. Smead's Battery K, Fifth United States Artillery
+came in response to the command of the gallant Porter, who saw the
+danger of having his left turned. Three batteries were ordered up by
+Gen. Porter, viz: Capt. J. R. Smead; Capt. Stephen H. Weed, Battery I,
+Fifth United States Artillery; and Capt. J. Howard Carlisle, Battery E,
+Second United States Artillery.
+
+"Forward, Sixty-Third! Double quick! march!" shouted Capt. O'Neil, the
+senior line officer, who was now in command.
+
+"Forward! Double quick!" was repeated by each company commander, and the
+Sixty-Third followed the lead of the battery into the very jaws of
+death, many of them to meet their brothers of the Ninth, who just passed
+over the silent river, on the crimson tide of war![10]
+
+Had the repeated and desperate efforts of the enemy succeeded in turning
+the Union left, as was feared towards nightfall, a dire disaster awaited
+the splendid army of McClellan. How near we came to it may be judged
+from the fact that all the reserves were brought into action, including
+the artillery under Gen. Henry J. Hunt. The instructions to Smead,
+Carlisle and Mead, when hurried up to defend the narrow gorge, with
+their artillery, through which the Confederates must force their way on
+to the plateau, were to fire on friend and foe, if the emergency
+demanded it. This is confirmed by a letter to the writer from Fitz John
+Porter. "These batteries were ordered up," he says, "to the narrow part
+of the hill, to be used in saving the rest of the army, if those in
+front were broken, driven in and pursued, by firing, if necessary, on
+friend as well as foe, so that the latter should not pass them. I went
+forward with you to share your fate if fortune deserted us, but I did
+not expect disaster, and, thank God, it did not come!"
+
+These are the words of as brave and loyal an American as ever drew his
+sword for the Republic. Few men, perhaps none, in the army at that time,
+with our limited experience in war, could have handled his troops as
+Gen. Porter did at Gaine's Mill and Malvern. He desperately contested
+every inch of ground on the north bank of the Chickahominy, although
+his force was only twenty-seven thousand against sixty-five thousand of
+the enemy. Again at Malvern, the Rebels, maddened with successive
+defeats, were determined to annihilate the grand army of the Potomac
+with a last superhuman effort. They probably would have succeeded had a
+less able soldier been placed in command at that critical point. But, as
+will be seen from the above extract, the General never for a moment lost
+hope of being able to successfully repulse the enemy, for no man knew
+the material he had to do it with better than he.
+
+What a pity that the services of such an able soldier should have been
+lost to the army and the country, a few weeks later, through the petty
+jealousies of small men, who wanted a scape-goat to cover up their own
+shortcomings. For over twenty years this grand American soldier, the
+soul of honor, who would at any moment sacrifice his life sooner than be
+guilty of an act inconsistent with his noble profession, has been
+permitted to live under the unjust stigma cast upon him. The day will
+surely come, and it is not far distant, when the American people will
+blush for the great wrong done Fitz John Porter. They will agree with
+the late general of our armies, a man whose memory will be forever held
+in grateful remembrance by his country (U. S. Grant), who, after careful
+and mature investigation of his conduct at the Second Battle of Bull
+Run, said deliberately, that Fitz John Porter should not be censured for
+the mismanagement of that ill-fated battle. In military affairs Gen.
+Grant was always a safe guide to follow.
+
+After a careful review of Gen. Porter's case, Gen Grant wrote President
+Arthur, under date of December 22, 1881, as follows:
+
+     "At the request of Gen. Fitz John Porter, I have recently reviewed
+     his trial, and the testimony held before the Schofield court of
+     inquiry held in 1879.... The reading of the whole record has
+     thoroughly convinced me that for these nineteen years I have been
+     doing a gallant and efficient soldier a very great injustice in
+     thought and sometimes in speech. I feel it incumbent upon me now to
+     do whatever lies in my power to remove from him and from his family
+     the stain upon his good name.... I am now convinced that he
+     rendered faithful, efficient and intelligent service.... I would
+     ask that the whole matter be laid before the attorney-general for
+     his examination and opinion, hoping that you will be able to do
+     this much for an officer who has suffered for nineteen years a
+     punishment that never should be inflicted upon any but the most
+     guilty."
+
+It was many months before I again saw the Ninth Massachusetts; but what
+a contrast to its appearance on that glorious April morning, in 1862,
+when I was the recipient of its warm hospitality among the pines on the
+threshold of the advance on the rebel capital.
+
+                                                 JOHN DWYER.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 9: While the Sixty-Third was in Camp of Instruction on David's
+Island, in the East River, opposite New Rochelle, N. Y., it was under
+the spiritual care of Father Dillon, an enthusiastic young priest. He
+was an ardent advocate of temperance. Like all green troops, the
+Sixty-Third had some reckless members, who frequently took a "dhrop" too
+much. Before leaving for the seat of war, at the conclusion of a
+powerful temperance discourse, he proposed to the assembled regiment
+that every man and officer take the temperance pledge, "for the war."
+One thousand uplifted hands responded, and while he slowly read the
+words of the pledge the men repeated them; and this was how the
+Sixty-Third became "a temperance regiment."]
+
+[Footnote 10: Here is Gen. Porter's tribute to the part taken by the
+brigade in the terrific struggle at Malvern Hill: "I sent an urgent
+request for two brigades. Sumner read my note aloud, and fearing he
+could not stand another draft on his forces, was hesitating to respond,
+when Heintzleman, ever prompt and generous, sprang to his feet and
+exclaimed: 'By Jove! if Porter asks for help, I know he needs it.' The
+immediate result was the sending of Meagher by Sumner, and Sickles by
+Heintzleman. This was the second time that Sumner had selected and sent
+me Meagher's gallant Irish Brigade, and each time it rendered invaluable
+service.... It was at this time, in answer to my call for aid that
+Sumner sent me Meagher, and Heintzleman sent Sickles, both of whom
+reached me in the height of battle, when, if ever, fresh troops would
+renew our confidence and insure success. While riding rapidly forward to
+meet Meagher, who was approaching at a double quick step, my horse fell,
+throwing me over his head, much to my discomfort, both of body and
+mind.... Advancing with Meagher's brigade, accompanied by my staff, I
+soon found that my forces had successfully driven back their assailants.
+Determined, if possible, satisfactorily to finish the contest,
+regardless of the risk of being fired upon by our artillery in case of
+defeat, I pushed on beyond our lines into the woods held by the enemy.
+About fifty yards in front of us, a large force of the enemy suddenly
+arose and opened with fearful volleys upon our advancing line. I turned
+to the brigade, which thus far had kept pace with my horse, and found it
+standing like a stone wall, and returning a fire more destructive than
+it received, and from which the enemy fled. _The brigade was planted._
+My service was no longer needed, and I sought Gen. Sickles, whom I found
+giving aid to Couch. I had the satisfaction of learning that night that
+a Confederate detachment, undertaking to turn Meagher's left, was met by
+a portion of the Sixty-Ninth New York Regiment, which advancing,
+repelled the attack and captured many prisoners."]
+
+
+Leo XIII. has sent to the Emperor of Germany and to Prince Bismarck
+copies, specially printed and bound, of the Encyclical. His Holiness
+adds to the present to the Chancellor a copy of the _Novissima Leonis
+XIII. Pont. Max. Carmina_. A note of very emphatic and reverent praise
+of the poems has been communicated to the official German press.
+
+
+
+
+A Christmas Carol.
+
+
+   Ah, weep not, friends, that I am far from ye,
+     And no warm breath�d words may reach my ears;
+   One way is shorter, nearer than by sea,
+     Prayers weigh with God and graces wait on tears;
+   As rise the mists from summer seas unseen,
+     To fall in freshening showers on hill and plain,
+   So prayer sent forth from fervent hearts makes green
+     The parched bowers of one whose life was vain.
+
+   Pray for me day and night these Christmas hours,
+     This the one gift I value all beyond;
+   Aid me with supplication 'fore those powers
+     Who have regard for prayer, th' angelic bond--
+   All ye who love me knock at Jesus' gate,
+     As for one standing outside deep in snow,
+   Tell him a sorrowing soul doth trembling wait,
+     And none but He can ease its load of woe.
+
+   Ah, friends! of whom I once asked other things,
+     Refuse me not this one thing asked again;
+   Shield me, a naked soul, with sheltering wings,
+     From rush of angry storms and bitter rain--
+   I cannot stand the gaze of mine own eyes;
+     That I escape myself implore our Lord--
+   Ah, me! I learn he only's rightly wise
+     Who seeks in all th' exceeding great reward.
+
+   From self that I be freed, O Father will!
+     Lord Jesus from the world protect me still,
+   Spirit paraclete, over the flesh give victory,
+     And o'er the devil a lasting crown to me!
+
+   JAMES KEEGAN.
+
+
+
+
+The _Catholic Review_: Irish-America contributes to the new Parliament
+one of the strongest members of the Nationalist party, Mr. T. P. Gill,
+for some years past assistant editor of the _Catholic World_, and
+previously a prominent journalist in Ireland, where, during the
+imprisonment of Mr. William O'Brien, he took the editorial chair of
+_United Ireland_ until Mr. Buckshot Forster made it too hot for him. In
+the cooler climate of New York he still did good service to his party,
+in disabusing numbers of many ill-grounded misapprehensions and
+misconceptions, and in strengthening the sympathies, by increasing the
+information, of all well-wishers of Ireland. His work will be felt in
+England.
+
+
+
+
+The Late Father Tom Burke.
+
+
+Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., of London, have published, in two volumes, the
+"Life of the Very Rev. Thomas N. Burke, O.P.," by William J.
+Fitzpatrick, F.S.A. We give a few extracts:
+
+"Some one complained to Father Burke one day that his sermons were too
+'flowery;' but it was not just criticism if the term was intended to
+imply that they were florid. His answer was characteristic. 'And what
+should they be but floury--seeing my father was a baker?' It was also in
+allusion to his father's calling that he was wont to boast, when
+questioned as to his family, that they were 'the best-bread-Burkes' of
+Galway.
+
+"'When I hear him preach,' said Bishop Moriarty, 'I rejoice that the
+Church has gained a prize; when I hear him tell a story, I am tempted to
+regret that the stage has lost him.'
+
+"A Protestant lady listening to his lecture on divorce said: 'I am bound
+to become a Catholic out of self-respect and self-defence.'
+
+"During the visit of the Prince of Wales to Rome His Royal Highness went
+to the Irish Dominicans and to the Irish College. Father Burke was asked
+to guide the prince through the crypt of St. Sebastian, his Royal
+Highness being, it was understood, particularly anxious to see the
+paintings with which the early Christians decorated the places where
+rested their dead. Some English ladies, mostly converts, in Rome at the
+time, were divided in their devotion to the Prince and to the catacomb
+pictures--the most memorable religious pictures of the world. That
+evening they begged Father Burke to tell them exactly what His Royal
+Highness said of the frescoes. The question was parried for some time;
+but when the fluttered expectation of the fair questioners had risen to
+a climax, Father Burke showed hesitating signs of his readiness to
+repeat the soul-betraying exclamations of the Prince. 'Well, what _did_
+he say?' they cried, in suspense. 'He said--well, he said--'Aw!'"
+
+"In 1865, Father Burke succeeded the present Cardinal Archbishop of
+Westminster in the pulpit of Sta Maria del Popolo in Rome; and it is a
+little coincidence that the famous Dominican, a year or two earlier,
+when Prior of Tallaght, succeeded also the Cardinal's relative in the
+pulpit of the Catholic University. 'Father Andedon,' says Mr.
+Fitzpatrick, 'had been for some years a very popular preacher in the
+church of the Catholic University. On the retirement of Father Andedon
+to England, to which he was naturally attached by birth and
+belongings--for Dr. Manning was his uncle--Father Burke took his place
+in the pulpit.' It was here, by the way, that the 'Prince of Preachers'
+introduced the class of sermons known as 'Conferences,' and associated
+with Lacordaire and the pulpit of Notre Dame. Father Burke had never
+seen Lacordaire; but the Dean of the Catholic University, who had been
+listening to Lacordaire for years, was greatly struck by Father Burke's
+resemblance, as a preacher, to his great brother Dominican in France.
+The likenesses between preachers, as between faces, are sometimes subtle
+things! Bishop Moriarty, returning from Rome, paused in Paris, where he
+heard yet another Dominican orator, P�re Monsabr�, preaching at Notre
+Dame. When next he saw Father Tom, he said to him--'Do you know Monsabr�
+reminded me very much of you?' 'Now,' said Father Tom--telling the story
+to his friend, Father Greene--'this was very gratifying to me. P�re
+Monsabr� was a great man, and I thought it an honor to be compared to
+him, and I told the Bishop so, adding, 'Might I ask you, my lord, what
+was the special feature of resemblance?' Now 'David' (the Bishop's
+Christian name) had a slow and deliberate and judicious way of speaking
+that kept me very attentive and expectant. 'Well,' he said, 'I'll tell
+you what struck me most. When he went up into the pulpit, he looked
+around him deliberately and raised up his hand and--scratched his
+head.'"
+
+"In the maddest sallies of Father Tom there was generally to be found a
+method. His exuberances when he was Prior of San Clemente, for instance,
+were attributed to his desire that his tonsure might not be made to bear
+the weight of a mitre: 'It got whispered among the cardinals' (writes
+Canon Brownlow), 'that their eminences were at times the objects of his
+jokes, and that he even presumed to mimic those exalted personages. Some
+of them spoke seriously about it, and asked the Dominican Cardinal Guidi
+to admonish him to behave with greater gravity. Cardinal Guidi repaired
+to San Clemente, and proceeded to deliver his message, and Father Burke
+received it with becoming submission. But no sooner had the cardinal
+finished than Father Burke imitated his manner, accent and language,
+with such ludicrous exactness that the cardinal burst into a fit of
+laughter, and could not tell him to stop.'
+
+"The venerable Father Mullooly was equally foiled by another phase of
+the young friar's freakishness, when, on being remonstrated with for
+what seemed to be an undue indulgence in cigars, Father Tom represented
+it as rather dictated by a filial duty, for the Pope, he said, had sent
+him a share of a chest of Havanas, worth a dollar each, which a Mexican
+son had forwarded to the Vatican.
+
+"But the other side of the man came out in his sermons when he succeeded
+Dr. Manning--hurriedly called to England to attend the death-bed of
+Cardinal Wiseman--as occupant of the pulpit of Santa Maria del Popolo,
+and on many subsequent occasions: 'When I lift up my eyes here (he said
+in speaking of the 'Groupings of Calvary'), it seems as if I stood
+bodily in the society of these men. I see in the face of John the
+expression of the highest manly sympathy that comforted and consoled the
+dying eyes of the Saviour. It seems to me that I behold the Blessed
+Virgin, whose maternal heart consented in that hour of agony to be
+broken for the sins of men. I see the Magdalen as she clings to the
+cross, and receives upon that hair, with which she wiped His Feet, the
+drops of His Blood. I behold that heart, humbled in penance and inflamed
+with love--the heart of the woman who had loved much, and for whom he
+had prayed. It seems to me that I travel step by step to Calvary, and
+learn, as they unite in Him, every lesson of suffering, of peace, of
+hope, of joy, of love."
+
+
+
+
+Our Neighbors.
+
+The Irish in Canada.
+
+
+_Montreal Gazette:_ The matter of Mr. Curran's speech on the occasion of
+the opening of St. Ann's Hall is worthy of more than passing notice. He
+chose for his theme the progress of the Irish race in Canada, and
+although the groundwork of his address was placed in Montreal, the
+deductions to be drawn from the statistics presented may, with equal
+propriety, be applied to any section of Canada in which the Irish colony
+is located. The Irish people are, for what reason it is unnecessary to
+inquire, essentially colonists, much more so as respects the mass than
+those of Scotland and England, and in no country or clime have they
+found a more hospitable welcome or a more prosperous resting-place than
+in Canada. In Nova Scotia, in New Brunswick, in Prince Edward Island, in
+Quebec, in Ontario, Irishmen and the sons of Irishmen are found in the
+front rank of the professions, of agriculture, of industrial enterprise,
+while in the affairs of State they exert a large and legitimate
+influence. Any one acquainted with the commercial life of Halifax, or
+Montreal, and the agricultural districts of Ontario, will bear witness
+that no more loyal and law-abiding, no more intelligent and progressive,
+no more industrious and thrifty people than the descendants of Irishmen
+are to be found. As to the progress of the race in Montreal, Mr. Curran
+was able to present many interesting facts. From a community so small
+that, in the expressive words of the late Dr. Benjamin Workman, a
+good-sized parlor carpet would cover all the worshippers in the church,
+they have grown, by continuous and healthy progression, into a
+population of thousands, possessed of wealth, of influence, of activity,
+of loyal citizenship, with its established schools, its district
+congregations, its charitable institutions, its temperance societies,
+which have administered the pledge to more than twenty-five thousand
+people. In the two facts that since 1867 the assessed value of real
+estate possessed by the Irish people in Montreal has increased from
+$3,500,000 to more than $12,000,000, and that on the books of the City
+and District Savings Bank there are eleven thousand Irish names, mostly
+of the working classes, whose deposits exceed $2,000,000, the highest
+testimony of the industry and opportunity of the race is found. The
+prosperity of the Irish is not singular in this free country, but,
+brought out as Mr. Curran has done, it serves to exemplify the splendid
+field for honest toil Canada affords.
+
+
+The French in Canada.
+
+An Ottawa correspondent writes:--The race prejudices between the French
+and Anglo-Saxon elements of the country seem to be acquiring violent
+vitality. Such a consummation as a fusion of the two races is out of all
+calculation. The French Canadians will continue, as they have always
+been, isolated from their fellow Canadians; nor would this matter very
+much if good feeling and mutual tolerance prevailed between the two
+races. An incident has just fanned this race animosity into a flame. A
+Toronto newspaper recently libelled a French Canadian regiment which was
+sent on service to the North-West. This regiment, for obvious reasons,
+was not sent where there was any chance of its being employed against
+Riel's Half-breeds. The editor was brought from Toronto to Montreal to
+answer for his writing before the Law Courts, and has just been
+condemned to pay a fine of two hundred dollars. As the editor left the
+court, a French Canadian officer attacked him with a whip, and in the
+street he was surrounded by a furious mob, incited by the inflammatory
+articles which the French papers of Montreal had been daily publishing
+during the course of the trial. To crown all, whilst endeavoring to
+defend himself from this violence, the hapless editor was arrested by
+the police and dragged before the police magistrate, who very properly
+discharged him. But the editor is a Toronto man, and now Toronto has
+indignantly taken up his cause, raising subscriptions to indemnify him
+for the cost of the trial--the "persecution," as it is called--and
+organizing an anti-French movement. All this is very regrettable seeing
+that the future of the Dominion depends so much upon a state of harmony
+between the rival races. There are indications clear and unmistakable
+that French Canada is yielding to a tendency towards old France, which
+can have none other than a sinister effect upon the prospects of this
+country if permitted to develop.
+
+
+Quebec Province.
+
+_Toronto Mail:_ To-day there are in Quebec three universities, namely,
+Laval, McGill, and Lennoxville, three hundred secondary colleges and
+academies, three Normal schools, twenty-five special schools, and about
+six thousand primary schools, each grade of school being conducted on
+the principle that it is better to teach a pupil little and teach it
+well, than to turn him loose upon the world crammed with a smattering of
+everything and a knowledge of nothing. The expenditure on education is a
+large and constantly increasing item in the Provincial accounts; but the
+people cheerfully pay it, for they are well aware that intelligence is
+the first condition of success in modern life. [Intelligence and
+education are not synonyms.]
+
+Whatever may be the result, in the future, of the experiment of erecting
+a French nationality in Canada, it is only right to say that the
+builders are building well, and setting an example of energy, courage
+and unity which we, in this richer province, might do worse than follow.
+
+
+Dominion Misrule.
+
+_Toronto Tribune:_ The Rev. P�re Andre, superior of the Oblate Fathers
+in the Northwest Territories, says the "rebellion" is chargeable to the
+abnormal system of government to which the country had been subjected.
+He affirms that if there had been a responsible government with
+authority and power to remedy the grievances of the half-breeds, there
+would have been no "rebellion." He maintains that the _r�le_ played by
+Riel in the "rebellion" was forced upon him. Listen to Father Andre's
+own words: "It can, in all truth, be stated, and the affirmations of the
+government to the contrary will not destroy the fact, that it was the
+guilty negligence of the government at Ottawa that brought Riel into the
+country. The half-breeds, exasperated at seeing themselves despised, and
+at being unable to obtain the slightest justice, thought the only means
+left to them to secure the rights which they demanded was to send for
+Riel. He, in their opinion, was the only man capable of bringing the
+authorities at Ottawa to reason. Riel came, and we know the ruin which
+he gathered about him, but the government may well say _mea culpa_ for
+their delay in taking measures which would have preserved the peace of
+the country."
+
+
+
+
+The Old Year's Army of Martyrs.
+
+
+The year just past will long be known in the missions of the East as the
+year of martyrs. In presence of its events, it seems almost wrong to
+call only the early age of Christianity the Age of Martyrs. Brief
+accounts have already been given in the public prints; but our readers
+will be glad to have copious extracts from the letters of the survivors
+among the missionaries, who have seen their flocks, with their brethren,
+slaughtered by thousands. We give these the more willingly, as there has
+so far been no full review of Catholic Mission work in the English
+language. This tale of steadfastness in faith is also a new incentive to
+love of the Sacred Heart of our Lord.
+
+Mgr. Colombert, vicar-apostolic of Eastern Cochin China, writes under
+date of August 29, 1885: "This mission, tranquil and flourishing two
+months ago, is now blotted out. There is no longer any doubt that
+twenty-four thousand Christians have been horribly massacred.... The
+mission of Eastern Cochin China is utterly ruined. It has no longer a
+single one of its numerous establishments! Two hundred and sixty
+churches, priests' houses, schools, orphan asylums, everything is
+reduced to ashes. The work done during two hundred and fifty years must
+be begun anew. There is not a single Christian house left standing....
+The Christians have seen the massacre of their brethren and the
+conflagration of their houses. They have experienced the pangs of
+hunger, and have felt the heat of the sun on the burning sands. They
+must now undergo the hardships of exile, far from their native land and
+the graves of their forefathers."
+
+During this time of terror and destruction, several priests had lost
+their lives, some under circumstances of horrible barbarity. New
+telegrams continued to announce to the Christians of the West that their
+brethren were daily called on to lay down their lives. Thus, on the 17th
+of October, a dispatch to the venerable superior of the seminary of
+Foreign Missions at Paris, announced that, besides one more missionary
+and ten native priests, seven thousand Christians had just been
+massacred. Letters, which arrived later, contained painful particulars
+of what had before been known only in its general outline of horror.
+
+Five of the refugee missionaries wrote on the 15th of August: "We dare
+not enter into new details on this catastrophe. We will only say that to
+find in history a disaster to be compared to ours, it would be necessary
+to go back beyond the Sicilian Vespers, to the acts of vandalism of the
+savage hordes which swept over, one by one, the vast provinces of the
+Roman empire. A fact which adds to the horror is that this series of
+slaughters and butcheries of our Christians has been done in a country
+without means of communication or defence. In this way conflagration and
+carnage have spread as widely as our Catholic parishes were numerous.
+They were scattered here and there over a great extent of territory,
+from the north to the south. On this account the murderers and
+incendiaries have been able to accomplish their infamous designs with
+impunity. We believe that never have there been seen so many massacres
+and conflagrations, following one on the other for two or three weeks
+continuously, on so vast a scale and at so many points at the same time,
+with such ferocity and rage on the part of unnatural fellow-countrymen
+who were exterminating their unarmed brothers.
+
+"Alas! our souls are sad unto death at the sight of the extent of our
+misfortunes. New dispatches will soon inform you how many survivors are
+left of twenty-nine missionaries and seventeen native priests, of more
+than forty male teachers of religion, of one hundred and twenty students
+of Latin and theology, of four hundred and fifty native religious
+sisters, and of forty-one thousand Christians.
+
+"In order that these almost incredible misfortunes may not be thought
+exaggerated, even by those who are ill-disposed, God has permitted that
+laymen in great number--officers and soldiers of the French post,
+officers and sailors of the war-ship moored in the harbor of Qui-nhon,
+the crew and passengers of the steamer which came to port August
+5th--should witness the horrible sight of ten or twelve different
+centres of conflagration. There were as many fires as there were
+Christian settlements. These lighted up the horizon all along the shore
+for several miles. The officers, soldiers, and travellers were for the
+most part strangers, and in some cases indifferent to everything that
+concerns the missions. They have seen with their own eyes and with
+lively emotion the greatness of the disasters which have befallen us....
+Missionaries and Christians, we have literally been deprived of
+everything: clothing, houses, rice, vestments for the celebration of the
+holy Mass and the administration of the sacraments, books; we are in
+need of everything. Scarcely one of us was able to save any part of his
+possessions. But that which has the most saddened us missionaries, is to
+have been forced to be present, down-hearted and powerless, during the
+ruin and extermination of our Christians. How many times have we
+repeated the words of Scripture: _I saw the oppressions that are done
+under the sun, and the tears of the innocent, and they had no comforter:
+and they were not able to resist their violence, being destitute of help
+from any. And I praised the dead rather than the living._ (Eccl. iv.
+1-2.) Yes, happy are those among us who died before witnessing all
+these calamities, in comparison of which a typhoon, an inundation, even
+a pestilence, would seem only ordinary misfortunes."
+
+                         _The Messenger of the Sacred Heart._
+
+
+
+
+Parnell's Strength.
+
+Mr. Parnell will have eighty-six followers in the new Parliament. From
+biographical sketches of them the following facts have been
+gleaned:--Twenty-three have had some collegiate education; twenty-five
+have sat in previous Parliaments; nine of them are lawyers, six editors,
+four magistrates, four merchants, three physicians, two educational
+workers, two drapers, three tavern-keepers, four farmers, two grocers,
+one carpenter, one blacksmith, one florist, one watchmaker, one tailor,
+one dancing-saloon owner, and one manager of a dancing-school. There are
+also a brewer, an ex-Lord Mayor of Dublin, a Secretary to the Lord Mayor
+of Dublin, a Baronet, and a Knight. It appears that the members are
+mostly men of the middle classes, who labor in some profession or trade
+for a living. Only two men with titles are on the list. The plebeian
+calling and humble origin of so many of the new Irish members has thrown
+the English aristocrats into a frightful state of mind, and the landed
+gentry who are to be rubbed against by these mudsills in St. Stephen's
+have lashed themselves into a fury upon the subject. To add to the
+enormity of the offence, these men do not do business by wholesale, or
+on a large scale, but are mere humble tradesmen, publicans, and
+artisans. The grocers, for instance, are common green grocers, who wait
+on patrons with aprons tied about their waists, and the carpenter,
+blacksmith, tailor, and others, actually work with their hands! The
+Tories feel that evil days have fallen upon the land. They deplore the
+fact that the system of non-payment of members, which has so long kept
+poor men out of Parliament, has been broken down. They point out that if
+the Irish are allowed to pay their own members, and even to send to
+America for money for that purpose, the pernicious system will soon
+spread to England, and the House of Commons will be utterly debased.
+Some irritation against America is also expressed. Of course, the Tories
+say, they could expect nothing better from the Irish in America; but of
+those Americans who promoted or patronized the fund, they speak in terms
+of both sorrow and anger. The _St. James's Gazette_, after pointing out
+the plebeian character of the Parnellite members, says: "Are these
+capable to reproduce the ancient glories of Parliament? Shall they
+dominate the inheritors of the great names which have made Parliament
+illustrious?" The Radicals rather enjoy the situation. Many of them are
+taking up the cudgels in Ireland's behalf, in the hope that the Irish
+new-comers will unite with the British workingmen, who have been elected
+by the Radicals. There are about a dozen of such members elect. They
+include a mason, a glass-blower, a tailor, a boot-maker, and a laborer.
+The Radical papers urge the workingmen and self-made men, from both
+sides of the Irish Channel, to combine and beard the aristocrats in
+their hereditary den--the House of Commons.
+
+                                        _Irish-American._
+
+
+
+
+A Silly Threat.
+
+
+The statement that English "Liberal" employers are about to discharge
+Irish workingmen throughout Great Britain, because they voted with
+Parnell, is ridiculous on its face, and is worthy only of the malignant
+genius of the persons who supply cable news to a portion of the American
+press. The same canard was started on the world's rounds immediately
+after the London explosions of a year ago. All this kind of nonsense is
+originated in the press rooms of London for the purpose of diminishing
+the Irish-American activity in the Irish cause. The originators are
+silly enough to believe that the Irish in the United States might stop
+aiding Mr. Parnell if they thought their kindred in England would be
+made to suffer by the agitation.
+
+Great causes cannot consider the sufferings of individuals, or
+aggregations of individuals, in working out their objects. Whether a few
+suffer or whether millions suffer cuts no figure in a fight for
+principle, or for the greatest good of the greatest number. If mankind
+were constructed on that chicken-hearted basis, no great movement for
+the benefit of the human race could ever have succeeded. It was not
+pleasant for the American Revolutionists, most of whom were husbands and
+fathers, to be compelled to leave their families unprotected, and, in
+many cases exposed to the attacks of England's savage allies, for the
+purpose of joining the patriot ranks under the leadership of Washington.
+
+When the soldiers of the French Republic rushed to arms, and defended
+France successfully against all Europe, during the last decade of the
+eighteenth century, they did not think of the privations of the bivouac,
+of the horrors of the battlefield, of the sorrow of their families, they
+thought only of France and of liberty.
+
+In the War of the Rebellion millions of Union men sacrificed home, wife,
+children, all that could make life dear, for what they believed to be a
+cause superior to all domestic considerations. They died by hundreds of
+thousands, and, in too many cases, left their families destitute; but
+they saved the Union and thus preserved freedom, prosperity and
+happiness to the countless millions of America's future.
+
+So is it with the cause of Ireland. Even should some English employers
+discharge thousands of their Irish workmen, which is highly improbable,
+that is no reason why the Irish people should abandon the path of duty.
+If Ireland should attain her freedom, it will not be long necessary for
+Irish working people to be dependent on Englishmen, or other foreigners,
+for a livelihood. They will find enough to do at home, in developing the
+resources and winning back the lost industries of their country.
+Americans were not afraid to give up one million men to the sword that
+the republic might be saved. Irishmen in America or elsewhere cannot be
+terrified into neutrality by a threat that a few thousands of their
+kindred in Great Britain may be thrown out of employment because of
+Parnell's agitation.
+
+                                     _The Citizen_, Chicago.
+
+
+
+
+The Pope on Christian Education.
+
+LETTER OF LEO XIII. TO THE PRELATES OF ENGLAND ON THE ABSOLUTE NECESSITY
+OF RELIGION IN THE SCHOOLS.
+
+     TO OUR VENERABLE BRETHREN, HENRY EDWARD, CARDINAL PRIEST OF THE
+     HOLY ROMAN CHURCH, OF THE TITLE OF STS. ANDREW AND GREGORY ON THE
+     COELIAN HILL, ARCHBISHOP OF WESTMINSTER, AND THE OTHER BISHOPS OF
+     ENGLAND, POPE LEO XIII.
+
+
+_Venerable Brethren_, _Health and Apostolic Benediction_--Your proved
+fidelity and singular devotion to this Apostolic See are admirably shown
+in the letter which we have lately received from you. Our pleasure in
+receiving it is indeed increased by the further knowledge which it gives
+us of your great vigilance and anxiety in a matter where no care can be
+too great; we mean the Christian education of your children, upon which
+you have lately taken counsel together, and have reported to us the
+decisions to which you came.
+
+In this work of so great moment, venerable brethren, we rejoice much to
+see that you do not work alone; for we know how much is due to the whole
+body of your clergy. With the greatest charity, and with unconquered
+efforts, they have provided schools for their children; and with
+wonderful diligence and assiduity, they endeavor by their teaching to
+form them to a Christian life, and to instruct them in the elements of
+knowledge. Wherefore, with all the encouragement and praise that our
+voice can give, we bid your clergy to go on in their meritorious work,
+and to be assured of our special commendation and good-will, looking
+forward to a far greater reward from our Lord God, for whose sake they
+are laboring.
+
+Not less worthy of commendation is the generosity of Catholics in this
+matter. We know how readily they supply what is needed for the
+maintenance of schools; not only those who are wealthy, but those, also,
+who are of slender means and poor; and it is beautiful to see how, often
+from the earnings of their poverty, they willingly contribute to the
+education of children.
+
+In these days, and in the present condition of the world, when the
+tender age of childhood is threatened on every side by so many and such
+various dangers, hardly anything can be imagined more fitting than the
+union with literary instruction of sound teaching in faith and morals.
+For this reason, we have more than once said that we strongly approve of
+the voluntary schools, which, by the work and liberality of private
+individuals, have been established in France, in Belgium, in America,
+and in the Colonies of the British Empire. We desire their increase, as
+much as possible, and that they may flourish in the number of their
+scholars. We ourselves also, seeing the condition of things in this
+city, continue, with the greatest effort and at great cost to provide an
+abundance of such schools for the children of Rome. For it is in, and
+by, these schools that the Catholic faith, our greatest and best
+inheritance, is preserved whole and entire. In these schools the liberty
+of parents is respected; and, what is most needed, especially in the
+prevailing license of opinion and of action, it is by these schools that
+good citizens are brought up for the State; for there is no better
+citizen than the man who has believed and practiced the Christian faith
+from his childhood. The beginning, and, as it were, the seed of that
+human perfection which Jesus Christ gave to mankind, are to be found in
+the Christian education of the young: for the future condition of the
+State depends upon the early training of its children. The wisdom of our
+forefathers, and the very foundations of the State, are ruined by the
+destructive error of those who would have children brought up without
+religious education. You see, therefore, venerable brethren, with what
+earnest forethought parents must beware of intrusting their children to
+schools in which they cannot receive religious teaching.
+
+In your country of Great Britain, we know that, besides yourselves, very
+many of your nation are not a little anxious about religious education.
+They do not in all things agree with us; nevertheless they see how
+important, for the sake both of society and of men individually, is the
+preservation of that Christian wisdom which your forefathers received,
+through St. Augustine, from our predecessor, Gregory the Great; which
+wisdom the violent tempests that came afterwards have not entirely
+scattered. There are, as we know, at this day, many of an excellent
+disposition of mind who are diligently striving to retain what they can
+of the ancient faith, and who bring forth many and great fruits of
+charity. As often as we think of this, so often are we deeply moved; for
+we love with a paternal charity that island which was not undeservedly
+called the Mother of Saints; and we see, in the disposition of mind of
+which we have spoken, the greatest hope, and, as it were, a pledge of
+the welfare and prosperity of the British people.
+
+Go on, therefore, venerable brethren, in making the young your chief
+care; press onward in every way your episcopal work, and cultivate with
+alacrity and hopefulness whatever good seeds you find; for God, who is
+rich in mercy, will give the increase.
+
+As a pledge of gifts from above, and in witness of our good-will, we
+lovingly grant in the Lord to you, and to the clergy and people
+committed to each one of you, the Apostolic Benediction.
+
+Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, on the 27th day of November, in the year
+1885, in the eighth year of our Pontificate.
+
+   LEO PP. XIII.
+
+
+BISHOP SPALDING ON STIMULANTS.--I hate drink, because it destroys the
+good in life. I find in my own experience that I am more myself, while
+under total abstinence, than when I was a moderate drinker. Life is
+sweeter, fonder, freer to me as a total abstainer than as a moderate
+drinker. So I say, if you want to get the most out of your life, if you
+want to sympathize with your fellow-man, to feel the true force of your
+beginning, abstain from alcoholic stimulants.
+
+
+
+
+Te Deum.
+
+The course of the general election has surpassed the most sanguine
+expectations of the Irish leader. Our success has been such as might
+well take our breath away with joy. The Irish race at home and in the
+stranger's land have risen to the height of the great crisis with a
+unity and soldier-like discipline absolutely unparalleled in the world's
+history, and their magnificent enthusiasm has swept all before it. Three
+grand results may already be chalked up, and they involve triumphs that
+a few years ago would have been deemed the ideal of crazy dreamers. The
+Nominal Home Rulers are effaced to a man. The once proud Irish Whig
+party, who for a quarter of a century held undisputed sway over the
+Irish representation, is literally annihilated. If Mr. Dickson should be
+a solitary survivor, he will survive not as a living force in Irish
+politics, but as the one bleak and woe-begone specimen now extant of a
+race of politicians who once swarmed over four-fifths of the
+constituencies of this island. The third great achievement of the
+election campaign, and the mightiest of all, is that the Irish vote in
+England has been proved to demonstration to be able to trim and balance
+English parties to its liking, and consequently to make the Irish vote
+in Ireland the supreme power in the English legislature. It is
+impossible to over-estimate the magnitude of these results. The causes
+of joy are absolutely bewildering in number. A few years ago, the
+National voice in Ireland was heard only as a faint, distant murmur at
+Westminster. It could only rumble under ground in Ireland, and every
+outward symptom of Irish disaffection could be suppressed with the iron
+hand without causing one quiver of uneasiness at Westminster, much less
+shaking Ministries and revolutionizing parties. Even at home Nationalism
+was a shunned creed. It was not respectable. The few exponents it
+occasionally sent to Parliament were regarded as oddities. The mass of
+the Irish representation were as thoroughly English party-men as if they
+were returned from Yorkshire. To-day what an enchanted transformation
+scene!
+
+A month since Mr. Parnell's party was but a fraction of the Irish
+representation. The Irish Whigs and Nominal Home Rulers combined
+outnumbered them, without counting the solid phalanx of Ulster Tories.
+Where are the three opposing factions to-day? The Nominal Home Rulers
+have died off without a groan. The Northern Whigs have committed suicide
+by one of the most infatuated strokes of folly ever recorded in
+political annals. The Tories have shrunk within the borders of one out
+of thirty-two counties in Ireland, with precarious outposts in three
+others; and they are beside themselves with exultation because they have
+managed to save Derry and Belfast themselves by a neck from the jaws of
+all-devouring Nationalism. Nor is the seizing possession of
+seven-eighths of the Irish representation the only or even the greatest
+fact of the day. The Nationalists have not only won, but over
+four-fifths of the country they have reduced their opponents to a
+laughing-stock in the tiny minorities in which the Loyal and Patriotic
+Union have obligingly exhibited them. The overwhelming character of the
+Nationalist victory would not have been a tithe so impressive had not
+our malignant enemies insisted upon coming out in the daylight in review
+order, and displaying their pigmy insignificance to a wondering world. A
+string of uncontested elections would have passed off monotonously
+unimaginatively. It would have been said the country was simply dumb and
+tame and terrorized. But the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union have
+guarded us against any mistake of that sort. They valiantly spent their
+fifty thousand pounds in challenging the verdict of the country, and the
+country is answering in thunder-tones that will reverberate to the most
+distant times. Uncontested elections in Dublin City, for example, would
+have attracted but little notice. It was known that the Nationalists
+were in overwhelming strength on the register; but the croakers of the
+_Scotch Times and Express_ might still have exercised their imagination
+in bragging what wonders the loyalists might have performed, if they
+thought it worth while. But the Loyal and Patriotic Union heroically
+determined that national spirit in Dublin should not be allowed merely
+to smoulder for want of fuel. They determined to brand their faction
+with impotence in eternal black and white. They delivered their
+challenge with the insolence and malignity of their progenitors of the
+Penal Days, and the result was such a tornado of national feeling as
+never shook the Irish capital before; a tornado before which the pigmies
+who raised it are shivering in affright. Magnificent as are the results
+in Ireland, however, our countrymen in England have achieved the real
+marvels of the campaign. They have brought the towering Liberal majority
+tumbling like a house of cards. They have in fifty-five constituencies
+set up or knocked down English candidates like ninepins. With the one
+unhappy exception of Glasgow, where tenderness for a Scotch radical gave
+a seat to Mr. Mitchel-Henry, the superb discipline of the Irish
+electorate has extorted the homage as well as the consternation of
+English party managers. They have made Mr. Parnell as supreme between
+rival English parties as the Irish constituencies have effaced the Whig
+and Nominal factions who disputed his supremacy. Ten thousand times,
+well done, ye brave and faithful Irish exiles. On the day of Ireland's
+liberation you will deserve to rank high in the glorious roll of her
+deliverers.
+
+                                   _United Ireland_, Dublin.
+
+
+EIGHTY-SIX TO EIGHTEEN.--This is the way the Irish representation now
+stands, eighty-six men in favor of making Ireland a nation, eighteen
+wanting to keep her a province, and a province on which they can
+selfishly batten. The elections in every way have borne out the forecast
+of the Irish leaders, who calculated eighty-five as the minimum strength
+of the National party. Mr. Gladstone will now be gratified to learn that
+in response to his late Midlothian addresses, this nation has spoken out
+in a manner which cannot be falsified or gainsaid, demanding the
+restoration of its stolen Parliament. The loyalists, with all the power
+of England at their back, and money galore at their command, can point
+to only one whole county out of the thirty-two which has remained solid
+for the Union. Antrim alone sends up a solid Tory representation, and
+with it the only vestige that is left of the "Imperial Province" is
+some fragments of Down, Derry and Armagh--in all of which the
+Nationalists also have won a seat. On the other hand, in four Northern
+counties--Monaghan, Cavan, Fermanagh and Donegal, the loyalists have not
+carried a single division, and won only one out of four in Tyrone. How
+much more "unity" do the English want? The excuse hitherto has been that
+Home Rule could not be granted because Ireland was itself divided on the
+subject; but even that wretched pretence is now forever at an end, for
+almost since the dawn of history no such practical unanimity was ever
+shown by any nation.
+
+
+
+
+Rapidity of Time's Flight.
+
+
+Swiftly glide the years of our lives. They follow each other like the
+waves of the ocean. Memory calls up the persons we once knew--the scenes
+in which we were once actors. They appear before the mind like the
+phantoms of a night vision. Behold the boy rejoicing in the gayety of
+his soul. The wheels of Time cannot move too rapidly for him. The light
+of hope dances in his eyes; the smile of expectation plays with his
+lips. He looks forward to long years of joy to come; his spirit burns
+within him when he hears of great men and mighty deeds; he longs to
+mount the hill of ambition, to tread the path of honor, to hear the
+shouts of applause. Look at him again. He is now in the meridian of
+life; care has stamped its wrinkles upon his brow; disappointment has
+dimmed the lustre of his eye; sorrow has thrown its gloom upon his
+countenance. He looks backward upon the waking dreams of his youth, and
+sighs for their futility. Each revolving year seems to diminish
+something from his little stock of happiness, and discovers that the
+season of youth, when the pulse of anticipation beats high, is the only
+season of enjoyment. Who is he of aged locks? His form is bent and
+totters, his footsteps move but rapidly toward the tomb. He looks back
+upon the past; his days appear to have been few; the magnificence of the
+great is to him vanity; the hilarity of youth, folly; he considers how
+soon the gloom of death must overshadow the one and disappoint the
+other. The world presents little to attract and nothing to delight him.
+A few more years of infirmity, inanity and pain must consign him to
+idiocy or the grave. Yet this was the gay, the generous, the high-souled
+boy who beheld the ascending path of life strewn with flowers without a
+thorn. Such is human life; but such cannot be the ultimate destinies of
+man.
+
+
+The best education in the world is that got by struggling for a
+living.--_Wendell Phillips._
+
+
+
+
+Juvenile Department.
+
+CHOOSING OCCUPATIONS.
+
+
+   Five little girls sat down to talk one day beside the brook.
+   Miss Lizzie said when she grew up she meant to write a book;
+   And then the others had to laugh, till tears were in their eyes,
+   To think of Lizzie's writing books, and see her look so wise.
+   Miss Lucy said she always thought she'd like to teach a school,
+   And make the horrid, ugly boys obey her strictest rule.
+   Miss Minnie said she'd keep a shop where all the rest must buy,
+   And they agreed to patronize, if "prices weren't too high."
+   Miss Ada said she'd marry rich, and wear a diamond ring,
+   And give a party every night, "and never do a thing!"
+   But Nellie, youngest of them all, shook out each tumbled curl,
+   And said she'd always stay at home, and be her mother's girl.
+
+
+A CHILD AND A WASP.
+
+Among the passengers on a train going West, was a very much over-dressed
+woman, accompanied by a bright-looking Irish nurse girl, who had charge
+of a self-willed, tyrannical two-year-old boy, of whom the over-dressed
+woman was plainly the mother. The mother occupied a seat by herself. The
+nurse and child were in a seat immediately in front of her. The child
+gave frequent exhibitions of temper, and kept the car filled with such
+vicious yells and shrieks, that there was a general feeling of savage
+indignation among the passengers. Although he time and again spat in his
+nurse's face, scratched her hands until the blood came, and tore at her
+hair and bonnet, she bore with him patiently. The indignation of the
+passengers was made the greater because the child's mother made no
+effort to correct or quiet him, but, on the contrary, sharply chided the
+nurse whenever she manifested any firmness. Whatever the boy yelped for,
+the mother's cry was, uniformly: "Let him have it, Mary." The feelings
+of the passengers had been wrought up to the boiling point. The remark
+was made: audibly here and there that "it would be worth paying for to
+have the young one chucked out of the window." The hopeful's mother was
+not moved by the very evident annoyance the passengers felt, and at last
+fixed herself down in her seat for a comfortable nap. The child had just
+slapped the nurse in her face for the hundredth time, and was preparing
+for a fresh attack, when a wasp came from somewhere in the car and flew
+against the window of the nurse's seat. The boy at once made a dive for
+the wasp as it struggled upward on the glass. The nurse quickly caught
+his hand, and said to him coaxingly: "Harry, mustn't touch! Bug will
+bite Harry!" Harry gave a savage yell, and began to kick and slap the
+nurse. The mother awoke from her nap. She heard her son's screams, and,
+without lifting her head or opening her eyes, she cried out sharply to
+the nurse: "Why will you tease that child so, Mary? Let him have it at
+once!" Mary let go of Harry. She settled back in her seat with an air of
+resignation; but there was a sparkle in her eye. The boy clutched at the
+wasp, and finally caught it. The yell that followed caused joy to the
+entire car, for every eye was on the boy. The mother woke again. "Mary,"
+she cried, "let him have it!" Mary turned calmly in her seat, and with a
+wicked twinkle in her eye said: "Sure, he's got it, ma'am!" This brought
+the car down. Every one in it roared. The child's mother rose up in her
+seat with a jerk. When she learned what the matter was, she pulled her
+boy over the back of the seat, and awoke some sympathy for him by laying
+him across her knee and warming him nicely. In ten minutes he was as
+quiet and meek as a lamb, and he never opened his head again until the
+train reached its destination.
+
+
+THE PREHENSILE TAILED COENDOU.
+
+The Havre aquarium has just put on exhibition one of the most curious,
+and especially one of the rarest, of animals--the prehensile tailed
+coendou (_Synetheres prehensilis_). It was brought from Venezuela by Mr.
+Equidazu, the commissary of the steamer _Colombie_.
+
+Brehm says that never but two have been seen--one of them at the Hamburg
+zoological garden, and the other at London. The one under consideration,
+then, would be the third specimen that has been brought alive to Europe.
+
+This animal, which is allied to the porcupines, is about three and a
+half feet long. The tail alone, is one and a half feet in length. The
+entire body, save the belly and paws, is covered with quills, which
+absolutely hide the fur. Upon the back, where these quills are longest
+(about four inches), they are strong, cylindrical, shining,
+sharp-pointed, white at the tip and base, and blackish-brown in the
+middle. The animal, in addition, has long and strong mustaches. The
+paws, anterior and posterior, have four fingers armed with strong nails,
+which are curved, and nearly cylindrical at the base.
+
+Very little is known about the habits of the animal. All that we do know
+is, that it passes the day in slumber at the top of a tree, and that it
+prowls about at night, its food consisting chiefly of leaves of all
+kinds. When it wishes to descend from one branch to another, it suspends
+itself by the tail, and lets go of the first only when it has a firm
+hold of the other.
+
+One peculiarity is that the extremity of the dorsal part of the tail is
+prehensile. This portion is deprived of quills for a length of about six
+inches.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The coendou does not like to be disturbed. When it is, it advances
+toward the intruder, and endeavors to frighten him by raising its quills
+all over its body. The natives of Central America eat its flesh and
+employ its quills for various domestic purposes.
+
+The animal is quite extensively distributed throughout South America. It
+is found in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, and in some of the
+Lesser Antilles, such as Trinidad, Barbados, Saint Lucia, etc.
+
+
+LITTLE QUEEN PET AND HER KINGDOM.
+
+With these words the stranger vanished, and Pet trotted on her way
+again, with the clock and key in her pocket.
+
+She had not gone far till she began to notice a great many little cabins
+and cottages about the country, which looked very bare and
+uncomfortable. "Surely these must belong to the poor!" she thought; "and
+I daresay that is a very poor man who is following the plough over in
+that field."
+
+She walked across the meadows until she reached the ploughman, and
+having noticed that his clothing was very bad indeed, and that he looked
+worn and sad, she formed her wish, and the next moment she was following
+the plough as if she had been at it all her life. She had passed
+completely into the man; there was not a vestige of her left outside of
+him; she felt her hands quite hard and horny; she took great long steps
+over the rough ground; she cried "Gee-up!" to the horses; and she knew
+very well if she could only look into a glass she should see, not Pet
+any more, but the sunburnt man toiling after his plough. She was quite
+bewildered by the change at first, but presently she began to interest
+herself greatly in all the new thoughts that poured into her mind. After
+a time she quite lost sight of her old self, and felt _that she was the
+man_. She put her horny hand in her pocket, and found that the clock and
+key were there safely, and this consoled her with the thought that she
+was not hopelessly buried in the ploughman. When the sun went down she
+stopped ploughing and went home to a little cottage which was hidden
+among some bushes in a field.
+
+Half a dozen little hungry children, with poor, scanty clothing came
+running to meet her.
+
+"Oh, father!" they cried, "mother has been so ill to-day, and neighbor
+Nancy says she will never get well without some wine to make her
+strong!"
+
+The ploughman groaned at hearing this. "Ah," thought he, "where can I
+get money for wine? I can scarcely earn food enough for so many; and who
+will give me wine?"
+
+Pet was greatly distressed at finding these painful thoughts throbbing
+through and through her. "At home in my palace," she said, "everybody
+drinks a bottle of wine a day, and they are not sick, and are all
+strong. I must see about this afterwards." Then she went into the
+cottage, and the first thing she did was to take the clock out of her
+pocket and wind it up with the little key, and hang it on a nail on the
+wall.
+
+"What is that you have got?" said the poor woman from her straw bed.
+
+"Oh, it is a clock that a gentleman made me a present of," said the
+ploughman.
+
+The eldest girl now poured out some porridge on a plate and set it down
+before her father. Pet was very hungry, and was glad of anything she
+could get; but she did not like the porridge, and thought that it was
+very different indeed from the food she got at home. But while she was
+eating, the poor man's thoughts quite overwhelmed her.
+
+"What is to become of them all?" he thought. "I have ten children, and
+my wages are so small, and food and clothing are so dear. When the poor
+wife was well, she used to look after the cow and poultry, and turn a
+little penny, but now she is not able, and I fear----"
+
+"Oh, father! father! the cow is dead!" cried four boys, rushing into the
+cottage.
+
+And the poor man bowed his head on the table and groaned.
+
+"Why, this is dreadful!" thought Pet. "Is this really the sort of thing
+that poor people suffer. How I wish the month was up that I might do
+something for them!" And she tried to glance at the clock, but could
+not, because the man kept his eyes bent on the ground.
+
+Pet was kept awake all that night by the ploughman's sad thoughts, and
+very early in the morning she was hard at work again, carrying a heavy
+heart with her all about the fields. Day after day this went on, and she
+was often very hungry, and very sad at hearing the complaints of the
+hungry children, and seeing the pale face of the sick woman. Every day
+things became worse. The ploughman got into debt through trying to
+procure a little wine to save his wife's life, and when rent-day came
+round he had not enough money to pay. Just as things arrived at this
+state, the clock ran down, and Pet, who had taken care to put it in her
+pocket that morning along with the key, suddenly found her own self
+standing alone in the field, watching the poor ploughman following his
+plough, exactly as she had at first beheld him. She at once began
+running away as fast as she could, when she was stopped by her friend
+Time, who stood in her path.
+
+"Where are you running to now?" asked he.
+
+"I am hurrying home to my palace to get money, and wine, and everything
+for these poor people!" cried Pet.
+
+"Gently!" said Time, "I cannot allow it so soon. You must continue your
+experiences and trust the poor ploughman and his family to me; I will
+take care of them till you are able to do something for them. Were you
+to go back to your palace now, you would be kept there, and I should no
+longer be able to stand your friend; on the contrary, I might, perhaps,
+against my will, be forced to prove your enemy. Go on now, and remember
+my instructions."
+
+And he vanished again.
+
+Pet travelled a long way after this, and as she had to beg on the road
+for a little food and a night's lodging, she had very good opportunities
+for seeing the kindness with which the poor behave to each other.
+Mothers, who had hardly enough for their own children to eat, would give
+her a piece of bread without grumbling. At last, one evening, she
+arrived at a splendid large city, and felt quite bewildered with the
+crowds in the streets and the magnificence of the buildings. At first
+she could not see any people who looked very poor; but at last, when
+lingering in front of a very handsome shop window, she noticed a
+shabbily-dressed young girl go in at a side door, and something about
+her sad face made Pet think that this girl was in great distress. She
+formed her wish, and presently found that _she_, _Pet_, _was the girl_.
+Up a great many flights of stairs she went, passed gay show-rooms where
+fine ladies were trying on new dresses, and at last she arrived at a
+workroom where many white-faced girls were sewing busily with their
+heads bent down. The little seamstress, who was now one with Pet, had
+been out matching silks for the forewoman of the work, and now she sat
+down with a bright heap of satin on her knees. "Oh, dear!" thought Pet,
+as she threaded her needle, "how very heavy her heart is! I can hardly
+hold it up; and how weak she is? I feel as if she was going to faint!"
+And then Pet became quite occupied with the seamstress's thoughts as she
+had been once with the ploughman's. She went home to the girl's lodging,
+a wretched garret at the top of a wretched house, and there she found a
+poor old woman, the young girl's grandmother, and a little boy asleep on
+some straw. The poor old woman could not sleep with cold, though her
+good grand-daughter covered her over with her own clothes. Pet took care
+to hang up her clock, newly wound, as soon as she went in; and the poor
+old woman was so blind she did not take any notice of it. And, oh, what
+painful dreams Pet had that night in the girl's brain! This poor child's
+heart was torn to pieces by just the same kind of grief and terror which
+had distracted the mind of the ploughman: grief at seeing those she
+loved suffering want in spite of all her exertions for them, terror lest
+they should die of that suffering for need of something that she could
+not procure them. The little boy used to cry with hunger; the young
+seamstress often went to work without having had any breakfast, and with
+only a crust of bread in her pocket. It was a sad time for Pet, and she
+thought it would never pass over. At last, one day the poor girl fell
+ill, and Pet found herself lying on some straw in the corner of the
+garret, burning with fever, and no one near to help her. The poor old
+woman could only weep and mourn; and the boy, who was too young to get
+work to do, sat beside her in despair. Pet heard him say to himself at
+last, "I will go and beg; she told me not, but I must do something for
+her." And away he went but came back sobbing. Nobody would give him
+anything; everybody told him he ought to be at school. "And so I should
+be if she were well," he cried; "but I can't go and leave her here to
+die!" The sufferings of the poor girl were greatly increased by her
+brother's misery; and what was her horror when she heard him mutter
+suddenly: "I will go and steal something. The shops are full of
+everything. I _won't_ let her die!" Then before she had time to stop him
+he had darted out of the room.
+
+Just at this moment Pet's clock ran down, and she flew off, forgetting
+Time's commands, and only bent on reaching her palace. But her strange
+friend appeared in her path as before.
+
+"Oh, _don't_ stop me!" cried Pet. "The girl will die, and the boy will
+turn out a thief!"
+
+"Leave them to me! leave them to me!" said Time, "and go on obediently
+doing as I bid you."
+
+Pet went away in tears this time, still fancying she could feel the poor
+sick girl's woful heart beating in her own breast. But by-and-by she
+cheered herself, remembering Time's promise, and hurried on as fast as
+she could. She met with a great many sad people after this, and lived a
+great many different lives, so that she became quite familiar with all
+the sorrows and difficulties of the poor. She reflected that it was a
+very sad thing that there should be so much distress in her rich
+kingdom, and felt much puzzled to know how she could remedy the matter.
+One day, having just left an extremely wretched family, she travelled a
+long way without stopping, and she had not seen a very poor-looking
+dwelling for many miles. All the people she met seemed happy and merry,
+and they sang over their work as if they had very little care. When she
+peeped into the little roadside houses she found that they were neatly
+furnished and comfortable. Even in the towns she could not find any
+starving people, except a few wicked ones who would not take the trouble
+to be industrious. At last she asked a man what was the reason that she
+could not meet with any miserable people?
+
+"Oh," he said, "it is because of our good king; his laws are so wise
+that nobody is allowed to want."
+
+"Where does he live? and what country is this?" asked Pet.
+
+"This is Silver-country," said the man, "and our king lives over yonder
+in a castle built of blocks of silver ornamented with rubies and
+pearls."
+
+Pet then remembered that she had heard her nurses talk about
+Silver-country, which was the neighboring country to her own. She
+immediately longed to see this wise king and learn his laws, so that she
+might know how to behave when she came to sit on her throne, and she
+trotted on towards the Silver Castle, which now began to rise out of a
+wreath of clouds in the distance. Arrived at the place, she crept up to
+the windows of the great dining-hall and peeped in, and there was the
+good king sitting at his table in a mantle of cloth of silver, and a
+glorious crown, wrought most exquisitely out of the good wishes of his
+people, encircling his head. Opposite to him sat his beautiful queen,
+and beside him a noble-looking lad who was his only son. Pet, seeing
+this happy sight, immediately formed her wish, and in another moment
+found herself the king of Silver-country sitting at the head of his
+board.
+
+"Oh, what a good, great, warm, happy heart it is," thought Pet, and she
+felt more joy than she had ever known in her life before. "A month will
+be quite too short a time to live in this noble being. But I must make
+the best of my time and learn everything I can."
+
+Pet now found her mind filled with the most wonderfully good, wise
+thoughts, and she took great pains to learn them off by heart, so that
+she might keep them in her memory forever. Besides all the education she
+received in this way, she also enjoyed a great happiness, of which she
+had as yet known nothing, the happiness of living in a loving family,
+where there was no terrible sorrow or fear to embitter tender hearts.
+She felt how fondly the king loved his only son, and how sweet it was to
+the king to know that his boy loved him. When the young prince leaned
+against his father's knees and told him all about his sports, Pet would
+remember that she also had had a father, and that he would have loved
+her like this if he had lived. She could have lived here in the Silver
+Castle forever, but that could not be. One day the little gold clock ran
+down and Pet was obliged to hasten away out of Silver-country.
+
+She made great efforts to remember all the king's wise thoughts, and
+kept repeating his good laws over and over again to herself as she went
+along. She was now back again in her own country, and the first person
+she met was a very miserable-looking old woman who lived in a little mud
+hovel in a forest, and supported herself wretchedly by gathering a few
+sticks for sale. She was so weak, and so often ill that she could not
+earn much, and she was dreadfully lonely, as all her children were dead
+but one; and that one, a brave son whom she loved dearly, had gone away
+across the world in hope of making money for her. He had never come
+back, and she feared that he too was dead. Pet did not know these
+things, of course, until she had formed her wish and was living in the
+old woman.
+
+This was the saddest existence that Pet had experienced yet, and she
+felt very anxious for the month to pass away. After the happiness she
+had enjoyed in Silver-country, the excessive hardship and loneliness of
+the old woman's life seemed very hard to bear. All day long she wandered
+about the woods, picking up sticks and tying them in little bundles,
+and, perhaps, in the end she would only receive a penny for the work of
+her day. Some days she could not leave her hut, and would lie there
+alone without anything to eat.
+
+"Oh, my son, my dear son!" she would cry, "where are you now, and will
+you ever come back to me?"
+
+Pet watched her clock very eagerly, longing for the month to come to an
+end; but the clock still kept going and going, as if it never meant to
+stop. For a good while Pet thought that it was only because of her
+unhappiness and impatience that the time seemed so long, but at last she
+discovered to her horror that her key was lost!
+
+All her searches for it proved vain. It was quite evident that the key
+must have dropped through a hole in the old woman's tattered pocket, and
+fallen somewhere among the heaps of dried leaves, or into the wilderness
+of the brushwood of the forest.
+
+"Tick, tick! tick, tick!" went that unmerciful clock from its perch on
+the wall, all through the long days and nights, and poor Pet was in
+despair at the thought of living locked up in the old woman all her
+life. Now, indeed, she could groan most heartily when the old woman
+groaned, and shed bitter tears which rolled plentifully down the old
+woman's wrinkled cheeks and over her nose.
+
+"Oh, Time, Time, my friend!" she thought, "will you not come to my
+assistance?"
+
+But though Time fully intended to stand her friend all through her
+troubles, still he did not choose to help her at that particular moment.
+And so days, weeks and months went past; and then the years began to go
+over, and Pet was still locked up in the miserable old woman.
+
+Seven years had passed away and Pet had become in some degree reconciled
+to her sorrowful existence. She wandered about the forest picking up her
+sticks, and trying to cheer herself up a little by gathering bouquets of
+the pretty forest flowers. People passing by often saw the sad figure,
+all in gray hair and tatters, sitting on a trunk of a fallen tree,
+wailing and moaning, and, of course, they thought it was altogether the
+poor old woman lamenting for her son. They never thought of its being
+also Pet, bewailing her dreary imprisonment.
+
+One fine spring morning she went out as usual to pick her sticks, and
+looking up from her work, she saw suddenly a beautiful, noble-looking
+young figure on horseback spring up in a distant glade of violets, and
+come riding towards her as if out of a dream. As the youth came near she
+recognized his bright blue eyes and his silver mantle, and she said to
+herself:
+
+"Oh! I declare, it is the young Prince of Silver-country; only he has
+grown so tall! He has been growing all these years, and is quite a young
+man. And I ought to have been growing too; but I am left behind, only a
+child still: if, indeed, I ever come to stop being an old woman!"
+
+"Will you tell me, my good woman," said the young prince, "if you have
+heard of any person who has lost a little gold key in this forest. I
+have found--"
+
+Pet screamed with delight at these words.
+
+"Oh, give it to me, give it to me!" she implored. "It is mine! It is
+mine!"
+
+The prince gave it to her, and no sooner did it touch her hand than the
+clock ran down, and Pet was released from her imprisonment in the old
+woman. Instantly the young prince saw before him a lovely young maiden
+of his own age, for Pet had really been growing all the time though she
+had not known it. The old woman also stared in amazement, not knowing
+where the lady could have come from, and the prince begged Pet to tell
+him who she was, and how she had come there so suddenly. Then all three,
+the prince, Pet, and the old woman, sat upon the trunk of a tree while
+Pet related the story of her life and its adventures.
+
+The old woman was so frightened at the thought that another person had
+been living in her for seven years that she got quite ill; however, the
+prince made her a present of a bright gold coin, and this helped to
+restore her peace of mind.
+
+"And so you lived a whole month among us and we never knew you?" cried
+the prince, in astonishment and delight. "Oh, I hope we shall never part
+again, now that we have met!"
+
+"I hope we shan't!" said Pet; "and won't you come home with me now and
+settle with my Government? for I am dreadfully afraid of it."
+
+So he lifted Pet up on his horse, and she sat behind him; then they bade
+good-by to the old woman, promising not to forget her, and rode off
+through the forests and over the fields to the palace of the kings and
+queens of Goldenlands.
+
+Oh, dear, how delighted the people were to see their little queen coming
+home again. The Government had been behaving dreadfully all this long
+time, and had been most unkind to the kingdom. Everybody knew it was
+really Pet, because she had grown so like her mother, whom they had all
+loved; and besides they quite expected to see her coming, as messengers
+had been sent into all the corners of the world searching for her. As
+these messengers had been gone about eight or nine years, the people
+thought it was high time for Queen Pet to appear. The cruel Government,
+however, was in a great fright, as it had counted on being allowed to go
+on reigning for many years longer, and it ran away in a hurry out of the
+back door of the palace, and escaped to the other side of the world;
+where, as nobody knew anything of its bad ways, it was able to begin
+life over again under a new name.
+
+Just at the same moment a fresh excitement broke out among the joyful
+people when it was known that thirty-five of the queen's royal names,
+lost on the day of her christening, had been found at last. And where do
+you think they were found? One had dropped into a far corner of the
+waistcoat pocket of the old clerk, who had been so busy saying "Amen,"
+that he had not noticed the accident. Only yesterday, while making a
+strict search for a small morsel of tobacco to replenish his pipe, had
+he discovered the precious name. Twenty-five more of the names had
+rolled into a mouse-hole, where they had lain snugly hidden among
+generations of young mice ever since; six had been carried off by a most
+audacious sparrow who had built his nest in the rafters of the
+church-roof; and none of these thirty-one names would ever have seen the
+light again only that repairs and decorations were getting made in the
+old building for the coronation of the queen. Last of all, four names
+were brought to the palace by young girls of the village, whose mothers
+had stolen them through vanity on the day of the christening, thinking
+they would be pretty for their own little babes. The girls being now
+grown up had sense enough to know that such finery was not becoming to
+their station; and, besides, they did not see the fun of having names
+which they were obliged to keep secret. So Nancy, Polly, Betsy, and Jane
+(the names they had now chosen instead) brought back their stolen goods
+and restored them to the queen's own hand. The fate of the remaining
+names still remains a mystery.
+
+Now, I daresay, you are wondering what these curious names could have
+been; all I can tell you about them is, that they were very long and
+grand, and hard to pronounce; for, if I were to write them down here for
+you, they would cover a great many pages, and interrupt the story quite
+too much. At all events, they did very well for a queen to be crowned
+by; but I can assure you that nobody who loved the little royal lady
+ever called her anything but Pet.
+
+Well, after this, Pet and the Prince of Silver-country put their heads
+together, and made such beautiful laws that poverty and sorrow vanished
+immediately out of Goldenlands. All the people in whom Pet had lived
+were brought to dwell near the palace, and were made joyous and
+comfortable for the rest of their lives. A special honor was conferred
+on the families of the spiders and the butterfly, who had so
+good-naturedly come to the assistance of the little queen. The old gowns
+were taken out of the wardrobe and given to those who needed them; and
+very much delighted they were to see the light again, though some of the
+poor things had suffered sadly from the moths since the day when they
+had made their complaint to Pet. Full occupation was given to the money
+and the bread-basket; and, in fact, there was not a speck of discontent
+to be found in the whole kingdom.
+
+This being so, there was now leisure for the great festival of the
+marriage and coronation of Queen Pet and the Prince. Such a magnificent
+festival never was heard of before. All the crowned heads of the world
+were present, and among them appeared Pet's old friend Time, dressed up
+so that she scarcely knew him, with a splendid embroidered mantle
+covering his poor bare bones.
+
+"Ah," he said to Pet, "you were near destroying all our plans by your
+carelessness in losing the key! However, I managed to get you out of the
+scrape. See now that you prove a good, obedient wife, and a loving
+mother to all your people, and, if you do, be sure I shall always remain
+your friend, and get you safely out of all your troubles."
+
+"Oh, thank you!" said Pet; "you have, indeed, been a good friend to me.
+But--I never found that jewel that you bid me look for. I quite forgot
+about it!"
+
+"I am having it set in your Majesty's crown," said Time, with a low bow.
+
+Then the rejoicings began; and between ringing of bells, cheering,
+singing, and clapping of hands, there was such an uproarious din of
+delight in Goldenlands that I had to put my fingers in my ears and run
+away! I am very glad, however, that I stayed long enough to pick up this
+story for you; and I hope that my young friends will
+
+   "Never forget
+   Little Queen Pet,
+   Who was kind to all
+   The poor people she met!"
+
+                                            ROSA MULHOLLAND.
+
+
+IN THE SNOW.
+
+   Brave little robins,
+     Cheerily singing,
+   Fear not the snow-storms
+     Winter is bringing.
+
+   Each to the other
+     Music is making,
+   Courage and comfort
+     Giving and taking.
+
+   "What," cries Cock Robin,
+     "Matters the weather,
+   Since we can always
+     Bear it together?"
+
+   "Sweet," his mate answers,
+     Ever brave-hearted,
+   "None need be pitied
+     Till they are parted."
+
+
+On the other side of the Atlantic, the little boys used not to celebrate
+Christmas by blowing unmelodious horns. They would assemble in gangs
+before their elder friends, and sing such Christmas Carols as the
+following, which seldom failed to bring the coveted Christmas gift:
+
+   "God save you, merry gentlemen,
+     Let nothing you dismay,
+   For Christ Our Lord and Saviour
+     Was born on Christmas Day."
+
+
+A LITTLE BOY'S GREETING.
+
+   Behold a very little boy
+     Who wishes to you here,
+   In simple words of heartfelt joy
+     A happy, bright New Year.
+
+   May heaven grant your days increase
+     With joys ne'er known before;
+   In simple words of heartfelt joy
+     To-day and ever more.
+
+
+
+
+BOYS READ THIS.
+
+
+Many people seem to forget that character grows; that it is not
+something to put on ready made with womanhood or manhood; day by day,
+here a little and there a little, grows with the growth, and strengthens
+with the strength, until, good or bad, it becomes almost a coat of mail.
+Look at a man of business--prompt, reliable, conscientious, yet
+clear-headed and energetic. When do you suppose he developed all those
+admirable qualities? When he was a boy. Let us see how a boy of ten
+years gets up in the morning, works, plays, studies, and we will tell
+you just what kind of a man he will make. The boy that is late at
+breakfast, late at school, stands a poor chance of being a prompt man.
+The boy who neglects his duties, be they ever so small, and then excuses
+himself by saying, "I forgot; I didn't think!" will never be a reliable
+man; and the boy who finds a pleasure in the suffering of weaker things
+will never become a noble, generous, kind man--a gentleman.
+
+HOUSE KNOWLEDGE FOR BOYS.
+
+The Governor of Massachusetts, in an address before the Worcester
+Technical School, June 25th, said some words that are worthy of noting.
+He said: "I thank my mother that she taught me both to sew and to knit.
+Although my domestic life has always been felicitous, I have, at times,
+found this knowledge very convenient. A man who knows how to do these
+things, at all times honorable and sometimes absolutely necessary to
+preserve one's integrity, is ten times more patient when calamity
+befalls than one who has not these accomplishments."
+
+A commendation of "girls' work" from such an authority emboldens the
+writer to add a word in favor of teaching boys how to do work that may
+be a relief to a nervous, sick, worried, and overworked mother or wife,
+and be of important and instant use in emergencies. A hungry man who
+cannot prepare his food, a dirty man who cannot clean his clothes, a
+dilapidated man who is compelled to use a shingle nail for a sewed-on
+button, is a helpless and pitiable object. There are occasions in almost
+every man's life when to know how to cook, to sew, to "keep the house,"
+to wash, starch, and iron, would be valuable knowledge. Such knowledge
+is no more unmasculine and effeminate than that of the professional
+baker.
+
+"During the great Civil War, the forethought of my mother in teaching me
+the mysteries of household work was a 'sweet boon,' as the late Artemus
+Ward would say. The scant products of foraging when on the march could
+be turned to appetizing food by means of the knowledge acquired in
+boyhood, and a handy use of needle and thread was a valuable
+accomplishment."
+
+Circumstances of peculiar privation compelled the writer, as head of a
+helpless family, to undertake the entire work. The instruction of
+boyhood enabled him to cook, wash, starch, iron, wait on the sick, and
+do the necessary menial labor of the house in a measurably cleanly and
+quiet manner. This knowledge is in no way derogatory to the assumptive
+superiority of the male portion of humanity; a boy who knows how to
+sweep, to "tidy up," to make a bed, to wash dishes, to set a table, to
+cook, to sew, to knit, to mend, to wait on the sick, to do chamber work,
+is none the less a boy; and he may be a more considerate husband, and
+will certainly be a more independent bachelor, than without this
+practical knowledge. Let the boys be taught housework; it is better than
+playing "seven up" in a saloon.
+
+
+THE BEAN KING.
+
+In the year 1830, the feast of the Epiphany was celebrated at the court
+of Charles X., according to the old Catholic custom. For the last time
+under the reign of this monarch one of these ceremonies was that a cake
+should be offered to the assembled guests, in which a bean had been
+concealed, and whoever found that he had taken the piece containing the
+bean was called the bean-king, and had to choose a queen. Besides the
+king, there were several members of both lines of the house of Bourbon
+at the table. The Duke of Aumale distributed the cake. All at once the
+Duke de Chartres called out:
+
+"The Duke of Bordeaux (Chambord) is king."
+
+"Why did you not say so, Henry?" the Duchess de Berry asked her son.
+
+"Because I was sorry to be more fortunate than the others," replied the
+prince.
+
+The little king chose his aunt, the Duchess of Orleans, for his queen of
+the day.
+
+The accession of the little king was made known to the people without,
+and shouts of joy filled the streets of Paris. Charles X. was well
+pleased, and asked many questions of the little Duke de Bordeaux, the
+answers from a boy of ten years old already showing his noble character.
+
+"As you are now a king, Henry, which of your predecessors do you propose
+to imitate?"
+
+"I will be good like you, grandpapa, firm like Henry IV., and mighty
+like Louis XIV.," replied Henry, after some consideration.
+
+"And whom would you name as your prime-minister?" asked the king again.
+
+"The one who flattered me least."
+
+"And for your private adviser?"
+
+"The one who always tells me the truth--the Baron von Damas."
+
+"Very good, Henry," interposed his mother, "but what would you ask of
+God in order that you might be able to reign well?"
+
+"Mamma, for firmness and justice."
+
+Providence has not willed that the Duke de Chambord should realize the
+ideas of the Bean king; but for the whole of his life he remained true
+to the promise of his youth.
+
+
+GO TO WORK, YOUNG MAN!
+
+The present age seems to be very prolific in the production of numbers
+of young men who have somehow or other, educated themselves up to the
+belief that they were created to make their living by doing nothing.
+Every city, town, and village in the land is filled to overflowing with
+young men who are idle--hunting clerkships, or some place where they
+hope to obtain a living without work. Numbers are hanging around, living
+from hand to mouth, living upon some friend, waiting for a vacancy in
+some overcrowded store; and, when a vacancy occurs, offering to work for
+a salary that would cause a shrewd business man to suspect their
+honesty; and when remonstrated with by friends, and advised to go to
+work, they invariably answer, "I don't know what to do."
+
+We would say to these who want to know what to do, go to work. There is
+work enough to do by which you can earn an honest living and gain the
+respect of all those whose respect is worth seeking. Quit loafing about,
+waiting and looking for a clerkship in a store with a wheelbarrow-load
+of goods. Get out into the country on a farm, and go to work. What to
+do? Why, in the Mississippi bottoms there are thousands of acres of
+virgin growth awaiting the stroke of the hardy axe-man, and thousands of
+acres of tillable-land that need only the work of the sturdy plowman to
+yield its treasures, richer far than the mines of the Black Hills; and
+yet you say you don't know what to do?
+
+Go to work--go to the woods--go to the fields--and make an honest
+living; for we have in our mind's eye numbers of men whose talents are
+better suited to picking cotton, than measuring calico; to cutting cord
+wood than weighing sugar; to keeping up fencing, than books, and to
+hauling rails, than dashing out whiskey by the drink; and we can assure
+you that the occupations you are better adapted for are much more
+honorable in the eyes of persons whose respect is worth having.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A little girl asked her father one day to taste a most delicious apple.
+What remained was ruefully inspected a moment, when she asked: "Do you
+know, papa, how I can tell you are big without looking at you?"--"I
+cannot say," was the reply. "I can tell by the bite you took out of my
+apple," was the crushing reply.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.
+
+
+NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.
+
+
+The Poles.
+
+We have been taught from our boyhood days to regard the Polish people as
+second to none in obedience to their church; except the Irish, they have
+suffered more for the Faith than any other peoples in Europe. We are,
+therefore, grieved to see in some of our Western cities a spirit of
+rebellion unworthy of the sons of De Kalb and Kosciusko. There is
+something radically wrong. In the following article, from our esteemed
+contemporary, the _Lake Shore Visitor_, published at Erie, Pa., the
+editor hints at the causes of the troubles, which, we trust, may be
+corrected by the ordinaries of the dioceses where the troubles have
+occurred. The _Visitor_ says: The Poles, who seek a living in this
+country, are men determined to make times lively in their old country
+fashion. In Buffalo, Detroit, and other cities, they have turned out in
+fighting trim, and expressed a loud determination to have things
+ecclesiastically their own way or perish. These church riots are a
+scandal, and, if the truth were known, they have their origin in nine
+cases out of ten in the encouragement and conduct of the men who are
+placed over these people as pastors. A bad priest can make mischief,
+and, generally speaking, a bad priest can not make his condition any
+worse by making all the trouble he possibly can. If he knew anything at
+all he should know that he can hope to gain nothing by inciting a set of
+ignorant people to riot. In Buffalo the fuss had its origin from a
+clerical source, and in Detroit a man with an outlandish name, whom the
+herd seem to admire, is acting anything but prudently. Perhaps only
+one-half of what is sent over the wires can be regarded as true, but
+even that would be bad enough. The Poles by their conduct are not making
+for themselves an enviable name; and they will soon be regarded, even by
+the civil authorities, as a rebellious people. Surely, in this free
+country, they can have nothing to complain of. They have all the rights
+and privileges that other men have, and if they were sufficiently
+sensible to mind their own affairs and take care of themselves, they
+would get along quietly, and soon make their influence felt. They cannot
+expect a free church, nor can they expect that any priest who is not
+what he should be will be allowed to lead them astray. When a bishop
+sees fit to make a change, these people should regard the action of the
+bishop as a move made in their interests, and should not only be willing
+to submit, but even pleased to see that such an interest is taken in
+them. When people such as they are, or any other for that matter,
+undertake to pronounce on the fitness of a pastor they, as Catholics,
+know they are going too far. In their youth they were taught the
+Catechism, and that little book certainly tells them whence the approval
+must come. The riot in Detroit will not, in all probability, amount to
+anything; but the few who were killed or hurt, will rest upon some one's
+shoulders as a responsibility, and that load cannot be very suddenly
+laid down. Unfortunately, for the poor people, they are not blessed,
+generally speaking, with the guidance of the good priests they knew in
+their own country, and having too much confidence in every man who
+claims to be a priest, they are easily led by the designer. The danger
+will pass over in a few years, when the Polish churches will be supplied
+with men as priests every way reliable, and men not forced from any
+country to seek a livelihood amongst strangers.
+
+
+The Catholic Mirror.
+
+The _Catholic Mirror_ of Baltimore, Md., is now the leading Catholic
+journal of the United States. Its recent achievement in being the first
+paper to publish the Pope's Encyclical _Immortale Dei_ was something
+remarkable. Its Roman correspondent is a gentleman in the inner circles
+of the spiritual authorities of the church, while its Irish
+correspondent enjoys the confidence of the National party leaders. Among
+its special contributors is numbered Dr. John Gilmary Shea. In all
+respects it is a model Catholic newspaper, and it promises further
+improvements for this year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Shortly after we commenced the publication of our MAGAZINE, we received
+a similar letter to the following from Mr. P. S. Gilmore. After more
+than a quarter of a century's acquaintance, the friendship of our old
+friend is as fresh as ever. His congratulations, we assure him, are
+cordially reciprocated:
+
+                                    NEW YORK, DEC. 19, 1885.
+
+MY DEAR MR. DONAHOE:--Enclosed please find check for $10.00 which place
+to credit for MAGAZINE, and may I have the pleasure of renewing it many,
+many times, to which, I am sure, you will say, "Amen," which is equal to
+saying, "Long life to both of us." Wishing you a merry Christmas and
+many a happy New Year, I remain, dear Mr. Donahoe, always and ever,
+
+                               Sincerely yours,
+                                      P. S. GILMORE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RT. REV. JAMES A. HEALY, Bishop of Portland, Me., sailed for Europe in
+the Allan Steamer Parisian, from Portland, (accompanied by his brother,
+Rev. Patrick Healy), on the 31st of December. The brothers will spend
+most of the winter in Naples, and will proceed to Rome.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE FATHER MACDONALD.--We give an extremely interesting article in
+our MAGAZINE this month on the life and labors of good Father MacDonald,
+lately deceased at Manchester, N. H. The authoress, we learn, is in a
+Convent of Mercy in New Orleans.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fault has been found with the translation of the late Encyclical letter
+of the Pope. Why could not arrangements be made in Rome for an
+authentic translation of all such documents for the English-speaking
+Catholics throughout the world? We are sure the Vatican would furnish
+such a translation if requested by the heads of the Church in America,
+Australia, etc. Will the _Catholic Mirror_, who has a correspondent in
+the Vatican, see that, in the future, we shall have an authorized
+translation for the English-speaking Catholics throughout the world?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ST. JOSEPH'S ADVOCATE.--The fourth year commences with the January
+number, which, we think, is the best issued. The _Advocate_ is devoted
+to a record of mission labor among the colored race. The price is only
+25 cents a year. Just send 25 cents to Editor _St. Joseph's Advocate_,
+51 Courtland St., Baltimore, Md. Here is a notice from the last issue,
+which should encourage every Catholic in the country to subscribe not
+only for the _Advocate_, but send donations for the conversion of our
+colored brethren. "What thoughtfulness and charity, all things
+considered, for the Most Rev. Archbishop of Boston to send ten dollars
+to this publication! The gift was, indeed, a surprise, total strangers
+as we are personally to his Grace and without any application or
+reminder, directly or indirectly, beyond the public appeal in our last,
+suggested by similar kindness on the part of two esteemed members of the
+Hierarchy! Will not others follow suit? What if our every opinion is not
+endorsed, so long as faith and morals are safe in our hands, and
+promoted in quarters _never reached before_ by the Catholic press. Let
+it be remembered that the sphere in which we move is traversed in every
+direction by a non-Catholic press, white and colored, the latter alone
+claiming from one hundred to one hundred and thirty periodicals edited
+and published by colored men who have naturally a monopoly of their own
+market. Is the first Catholic voice ever heard in that chorus to be
+hushed when those very men welcome us, quote us, thank us, actually
+watch the point of the pen lest it wound Catholic feelings, employ the
+most emphatic terms to attest our sincerity as true friends of their
+people, and pointing to our episcopal and clerical support, assure their
+readers that 'the great Catholic Church' has ever been the friend of the
+poor and the oppressed? For all this, thanks to the Catholic spirit in
+the _course we have pursued_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A CHINESE INDUSTRY.--_New York Tablet:_ It is not alone the Irish and
+Americans who are combatting against England's monopoly of the world's
+trade. She has met with an enemy in an unexpected quarter. Ah Sin has
+struck at one of her staple commodities, and promises to become an
+energetic competitor for one of her most flourishing branches of
+business. For many years Birmingham was the great depot for the
+manufacture of idols for the heathen nations, and thousands of
+Englishmen lived on the profits of this trade. Now, we are told, a
+Chinaman at Sacramento, California, has established a factory for
+manufacturing idols and devils for use in Chinese processions and
+temples. If this be true, thousands of workmen will be thrown out of
+employment in Christian England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The Catholic Columbian:_ If no Catholic has ever yet been elected
+President of the United States, the widow of one President, Mrs. Polk,
+is a convert, and three cabinet officers were Catholics: James Campbell,
+Postmaster General from 1853 to 1857; Roger B. Taney, Attorney General
+and Secretary of the Treasury, from 1831 to 1834: and James M.
+Schofield, Secretary of War, from 1868 to 1869.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This year, Easter Sunday falls upon St. Mark's Day, April 25th,--which
+is its latest possible date. The last time this occurred was in 1736
+(old style), and it will not fall again on the same day of April until
+1943.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Parnell considers William O'Brien's victory in South Tyrone, and T.
+M. Healy's conquest of South Londonderry, the two greatest personal
+triumphs of the Irish parliamentary campaign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Chicago Citizen:_ It is officially announced by Mr. Alexander Sullivan
+that the Hon. Richard J. Oglesby, governor of Illinois, has accepted the
+invitation to preside at the monster meeting to be held in the
+Exposition Building on the occasion of Mr. Parnell's visit to this city.
+The date is set for January 21. By a unanimous vote of the committee of
+arrangements it was decided that no resident of the city of Chicago
+would speak at that meeting. All the honors will be given, as they ought
+to be, to the governor of the State, the Irish leader and his
+lieutenants, and to distinguished Irish-Americans from outside cities as
+may desire to address the people of Chicago.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRIESTS IN POLITICS.--_Montreal True Witness:_ There are those who
+object, with all generosity, to the clergy taking part in political
+movements. There could be no more illogical cry. It has been the too
+great severance of religion from the affairs of the public that has
+enabled so many unfit persons to obtain parliamentary election and
+tended to degrade politics. These people go to make laws affecting
+morality, education, and the conditions of social existence too often
+without the slightest fitness for that great duty and task. The clergy
+are the spiritual guides of the people, the custodians of the most
+important influences which affect humanity. To say that they should
+abstain from endeavoring to affect administration in a beneficial
+manner, is to say not only that they should de-citizenize themselves,
+but that they should violate their pledges and abandon their sworn duty.
+Those who think the clergy are not doing honor to their office by
+participating in politics take a very narrow view of the case. Without,
+perhaps, intending to do so, they play into the hands and promote the
+ends of those conspirators who are endeavoring to destroy Christianity
+and the moral system based upon it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In reply to a letter, calling Cardinal Newman's attention to the recent
+revival of the vigorous old lie which attributes to him the statement
+that he regarded the Established Church as the great bulwark against
+atheism in England, his Eminence has written as follows: My dear ----.
+Thank you for your letter. I know by experience how difficult it is,
+when once a statement gets into the papers, to get it out of them. What
+more can I do than deny it? And this I have done. I always refer
+inquirers to what I have said in my "Apologia." The Anglican bishops say
+that Disestablishment would be a "national crime," but Catholics will
+say that the national crime was committed three hundred years ago. Yours
+most truly,--
+
+                                      J. H. CARDINAL NEWMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DROP THE OATHS.--_Milwaukee Catholic Citizen:_ Labor organizations ought
+not to be lightly condemned. Our American trade unions are among the
+most salutary associations that we have. In Chicago, recently, they
+incurred the displeasure of the Socialists, because they would not allow
+socialism to flaunt itself at one of their demonstrations.
+
+They all tend to promote providence, social union and independence. They
+"keep the wolf away from the door" of hundreds.
+
+The case of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers is one in point.
+During the twenty years of its existence the Brotherhood has paid out
+nearly $2,000,000 in insurance to the families of engineers who have
+been killed or permanently disabled. The motto of the brotherhood is:
+"Sobriety, Truth, Justice and Morality."
+
+The more stress that is laid upon sobriety in all labor organizations
+the better.
+
+It is to be regretted that some trade unions take the form of secret
+societies, and thus tempt Catholic workingmen (of whom there are
+thousands), to violate dictates of conscience. Labor leaders ought to
+reason that this is not right. These organizations need Catholic
+artisans, and Catholic workingmen need these organizations, provided
+they are honestly, soberly, and candidly conducted.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The number of members of the new House of Commons never before elected
+to Parliament is 332. This has had no parallel since the first
+Parliament under the Reform Bill of 1832. The ultimate figures of the
+election are: Liberals, 334; Conservatives, 250; Parnellites, 86. The
+coalition of the last two has thus a majority of two. This, compared
+with the last Parliament, will leave the Liberals weaker by 17 votes,
+and the Conservatives stronger by 12 votes. The Liberals have gained 80
+votes in the counties and lost 91 in the towns. An immense number of
+Liberal members of the last Parliament are beaten. The list is over 80,
+including 11 Ministers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN HEROIC SISTER.--Mgr. Sogara, Bishop of Trapezepolis and
+Vicar-Apostolic of Central Africa, telegraphs that a despatch has
+reached him from Egypt containing the gratifying intelligence of the
+liberation of two sisters who were imprisoned in the Soudan, and whose
+freedom has been procured by Abdel Giabbari, Mgr. Sogaro's envoy in the
+Soudan. The striking historical spectacle presented by General Gordon's
+long and lonely journey on his camel across the desert to Khartoum has
+been eclipsed in its sublimity by the feat which has just been performed
+by Sister Cipriani, who has just traversed the same weary, arid waste on
+foot, accompanied by a single Arab attendant. Gordon's name will live
+forever in story, side by side with the great knights, historical and
+legendary, of the olden time. The labors of the noble and heroic Sister
+Cipriani, though attended with as much personal danger, and performed in
+a higher sphere, will, perhaps, meet with little earthly recognition. Be
+it so. She wants no fleeting fame. Sufficient for her is the
+consciousness that she has done her duty by those whom she was sent to
+soothe and comfort by her gentle and devoted ministrations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Catholic Citizen_, Milwaukee, Wis., has entered upon its sixteenth
+year. We are pleased to see it is well sustained, as it deserves to be.
+Long life to the _Citizen_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RIGHT REV. DR. SULLIVAN, recently consecrated Bishop of Mobile, declined
+to accept a purse of one thousand dollars from his late congregation in
+Washington, advising them to present it to his successor for the benefit
+of the church. He said he came among them with nothing, and preferred to
+take nothing away with him. Such admirable unselfishness shows what a
+devoted pastor the parishioners of St. Peter's, Washington, have lost
+and the Diocese of Mobile has gained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHOLIC "SOCIETY."--Some of our people, especially among those who are
+rich in worldly goods and deal in worldly literature, are heard to
+complain that there is no "society" among Catholics. Well, every one
+knows that most of our people are poor, and have not time or occasion to
+study the laws of etiquette or the language of diplomacy. Those good
+people who seek society elsewhere, however, would do well to lend their
+fellow-Catholics the light of their example and shine by the contrast
+they create. Better far than cutting a very poor figure in Protestant
+society will they find it to teach their own co-religionists the
+amenities of social life. They had better be first with their own than a
+poor second with strangers; honored among the faithful than despised by
+the dissenter. Ah! this aping after society, besides being pitiful and
+ridiculous, soon takes the faith out of our people. Their children
+marry outside the household of faith, and, with their children's
+children, are lost to the Church. What does it profit to gain the whole
+world and lose your soul?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. JOHN DILLON presided at a meeting of the Nationalists in Dublin, and
+spoke warmly in praise of the courage of the Ulster Nationalists, who
+had fought their battles throughout with vigor and determination. The
+Protestant farmers in Ulster were men whose promises could be relied
+upon. He could never forget the sacrifices they had made for him at the
+last election, or the fact that five hundred of them had voted for Mr.
+Healy. Though he himself had been defeated in North Tyrone, he had been
+gratified even in defeat. The men who had voted in those places, where
+there was no chance for a Nationalist, deserved the thanks of the Irish
+people for the loyalty with which they had obeyed the command of the
+leaders, and trampled upon their old prejudices and local feelings.
+Whigs had disappeared from Ulster, and would never re-appear, unless in
+honorable alliance with the Nationalists.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The grand old man, Gladstone, celebrated his seventy-sixth year on the
+29th of December. May he live to accomplish the pacification of Ireland.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ORANGE BLUSTER.--Mr. John E. Macartney, who was the Tory member for
+Tyrone in the last Parliament, but who was ousted in the late elections
+by the National candidate, declares that the adoption of any form of
+Home Rule would be in direct violation of the Constitution, under the
+provisions of which thousands of Englishmen and Scotchmen have invested
+money in Ireland. To grant Ireland Home Rule, he says, would be to
+destroy the minority in Ireland, and the English people would be held
+responsible for the consequences. An Orange demonstration was held in
+Armagh, where several prominent "Loyalists" made violent speeches in
+opposition to the Home Rule doctrine. Following its leaders, the meeting
+adopted a series of resolutions declaring that a resort to Home Rule
+principles would be certain, sooner or later, to end in civil war, and
+exhorting the "loyalist" party to do its utmost to resist the efforts of
+the Home Rule advocates. The resolutions also commended the "loyalists"
+in Ireland to "the sympathy of all Protestants throughout the British
+Kingdom!" "The Ulster Orangemen are ready to come to the front," said
+one of the speakers, amid great applause, "and when their services are
+wanted sixty thousand men can readily be put into the field, for active
+service, in the defence of the cause of loyalty to the government."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VERY REV. JOSEPH D. MEAGHER, for years pastor of St. Louis Bertrand's
+Church, in Louisville, Ky., has been elected Provincial of the Order of
+St. Dominic in the United States, at St. Rose's, Washington County, Ky.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The article in the _Dublin Freeman's Journal_, said to have been
+inspired by Mr. Parnell, beseeching Irishmen to remember Mr. Gladstone's
+difficulties, and to "be prepared to accept a reasonable compromise on
+our extreme rights, if a sacrifice of our principal rights be not
+involved," is in the true spirit. If this advice be followed, the
+outlook will be hopeful for Home Rule.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The most remarkable thing about the Irish elections is the fact that not
+one supporter of Mr. Gladstone was elected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The College of the Propaganda announces that up to November 1st, in the
+vicariate of Cochin China, 9 missionaries, 7 native priests, 60
+catechists, 270 members of religious orders and 24,000 Christians were
+massacred; 200 parishes, 17 orphan asylums, and 10 convents were
+destroyed and 225 churches were burned.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the occasion of the Pope's Jubilee in 1887, ten cases of
+beatification will be decided. Three "Beati" belonging to the Jesuits
+will be canonized, viz.: Blessed Bergmans, Claver, and Rodriguez. The
+Venerable de la Salle, Clement Hofbauer, C. SS. R., and Ines de
+Beningain, a Spanish nun, will be beatified.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN.--At a meeting of the Dublin Corporation, Mr. T. D.
+Sullivan, M.P., editor of the _Nation_, was elected Lord Mayor of the
+city for this year. Mr. Sullivan is known all over the world, wherever
+Irishmen congregate, by his fine and stirring humorous and pathetic
+ballads for the Irish people. Personally, Mr. Sullivan is a gentle and
+gentlemanly man, much beloved by his family and a large circle of
+friends. He has always preserved the high-minded and patriotic
+traditions of the _Nation_ newspaper, the columns of which were enriched
+by many of his brilliant songs and ballads long before he succeeded his
+brother, the late Mr. A. M. Sullivan, as its editor. Mr. Sullivan is the
+father-in-law of Mr. Healy, M.P., Mr. Parnell's able lieutenant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE KING OF SPAIN.--A Madrid correspondent gives an account of the
+ceremony at the Escuri�l, on the occasion of the funeral of the King of
+Spain. "The procession from the station," he writes, "wound slowly up
+the hill to the monastery. When the funeral car reached the principal
+door it was closed. The Lord Chamberlain knocked for admittance. A voice
+inside asked, 'Who wishes to enter?' The answer given was 'Alfonso XII.'
+The doors were then thrown open. The prior of the monastery appeared.
+The body was carried into the church and placed on a raised bier before
+the high altar. The coffin was then covered with the four cloaks of the
+noble orders. A thousand tapers were lighted, and the church assumed a
+magnificent appearance. Black hangings embossed with the arms of Spain
+covered the stone walls. The Mass was said and the _Miserere_ sung. The
+coffin was raised once more and carried to the entrance of the stairs
+leading down to the vaults. No one descended there," continues the
+correspondent, "except the Prior, the Minister of Grace and Justice, and
+the Lord Chamberlain. The coffin was placed on a table in a magnificent
+black marble vault, in which the kings of Spain lie in huge marble tombs
+all around. Now came the most thrilling part of the ceremony. The Lord
+Chamberlain unlocked the coffin, which was covered with cloth of gold,
+raised the glass covering from the King's face, then, after requesting
+perfect silence, knelt down and shouted three times in the dead
+monarch's ear, '_Se�or_, _Se�or_, _Se�or!_' Those waiting in the church
+upstairs heard the call, which was like a cry of despair, for it came
+from the lips of the Duke of Sexto, the King's favorite companion. The
+duke then rose, saying, according to the ritual, His majesty does not
+answer. Then it is true, the King is dead." He locked the coffin,
+handed the keys to the prior, and, taking up his wand of office broke it
+in his hand and flung the pieces at the foot of the table. Then every
+one left the monastery, as the bells tolled, and the guns announced to
+the people that Alfonso XII. had been laid with his ancestors in the
+gloomy pile of Philip II.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Catholic committees of the north of France, assembled in Congress at
+Lille, have addressed to the Pope a letter of adhesion to the
+Encyclical, in which the whole teaching of the Papal document is
+recapitulated at considerable length.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The question of submitting to arbitration the case, "Ireland _vs._
+English Rule in Ireland," is again mooted. One man is named as arbiter.
+He is known as Leo XIII., whose master-piece of power and wisdom
+appeared in our January MAGAZINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A letter from South Mayo tells that on the polling day a curious sight
+was the descent from the mountains of Partry of one hundred voters,
+mounted on hardy ponies, who arrived in a body at the polling station
+with National League cards in their hats.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News from Gorey tells of a wonderful welcome given to Sir Thomas
+Esmonde, on his arrival at home after his election. The horses were
+taken from his carriage, and he was drawn by the people amidst a
+multitude cheering and waving hats in wild excitement. The town and
+surrounding hills were illuminated, and the young baronet was escorted
+to his residence, Ballynestragh, by bands of music and a torchlight
+procession, including many thousands of people. His tenants came out to
+meet him before he reached Ballynestragh, bearing torches, and a great
+display of fireworks greeted his entrance into his demesne. Sir Thomas
+Esmonde threw open his entire house for the night, and dancing was kept
+up by the tenants till morning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+President Cleveland, in his recent message to Congress, makes allusion
+to the rejection of Mr. Keiley by Austria. He says: A question has
+arisen with the Government of Austria-Hungary touching the
+representation of the United States at Vienna. Having, under my
+constitutional prerogative, appointed an estimable citizen of
+unimpeached probity and competence as Minister to that Court, the
+Government of Austria-Hungary invited this government to cognizance of
+certain exceptions, based upon allegations against the personal
+acceptability of Mr. Keiley, the appointed Envoy, asking that, in view
+thereof, the appointment should be withdrawn. The reasons advanced were
+such as could not be acquiesced in without violation of my oath of
+office, and the precepts of the Constitution, since they necessarily
+involved a limitation in favor of a foreign government upon the right of
+selection by the Executive, and required such an application of a
+religious test as a qualification for office under the United States as
+would have resulted in the practical disfranchisement of a large class
+of our citizens, and the abandonment of a vital principle in our
+Government. The Austro-Hungarian Government finally decided not to
+receive Mr. Keiley as the Envoy of the United States, and that gentleman
+has since resigned his commission, leaving the post vacant. I have made
+no new nomination, and the interests of this Government at Vienna are
+now in the care of the Secretary of Legation, acting as _charge
+d'affaires ad interem_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INAUGURATION.--Monday, January 4, was inauguration day in the principal
+cities in Massachusetts. In Boston, the usual ceremonies took place.
+Mayor O'Brien delivered one of his best addresses. Rev. Father Welch,
+S.J., of the church of the Immaculate Conception, acted as chaplain on
+the occasion.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Michael Davitt, in a recent interview, said: "If Home Rule is granted to
+Ireland, it is difficult for me to see how the Irish members can
+continue to sit in the parliament at Westminster, unless the colonies
+are similarly represented in that body. The appointment of a prince of
+the royal family as viceroy of Ireland would be a mistake, as Ireland
+requires a statesman of tact and brains to administer the government,
+not a royal show.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"ONCE A CITIZEN, ALWAYS A CITIZEN," is what Bismarck says. The great
+Chancellor is determined to have no fooling. If a German becomes an
+American citizen, or a citizen of any other land, old Bis. thinks he has
+no business in Germany, and will not have him there. When a man runs
+away from his native land rather than carry arms for her protection, and
+flies to another country, becomes naturalized, and then returns home to
+make a living, the scheme is so thin that the example is dangerous. An
+iron-handed man knows how to deal with such cases, and he winds them up
+with a bounce.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Sacred College at present consists of 60 members, of whom 26 were
+created by Pius IX., and 34 by Leo XIII., and that there are 10
+vacancies. Of the Cardinals 34 are Italian; 11 Austrian, German, or
+Polish; 5 French; 4 English or Irish; 4 Spanish, and 2 Portuguese.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _English Catholic Directory_ for 1886 says there are at present in
+Great Britain no less than 1,575 churches, chapels, and stations; not
+including such private or domestic chapels as are not open to the
+Catholics of the neighborhood--an increase of 11 on 1884. These places
+of worship are served by 2,576 priests as against 2,522 last year. Since
+the beginning of the year 91 priests have been ordained, of whom 56 are
+secular and 35 regular.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A ROSY OUTLOOK.--_Chicago News:_ The new year dawns upon the United
+States as the most favored nation in the world. Business is reviving in
+every department. Our storehouses and granaries are full to overflowing.
+We are free from all foreign entanglements. The public health is good,
+and with reasonable care there is nothing to dread from foreign
+pestilence. We can look back upon 1885 with grateful hearts, and forward
+to 1886 with hope and confidence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHOLICS IN PARLIAMENT.--Catholics have no need to complain of the
+result of the elections, so far as it affects their special interest,
+observes the _Liverpool Catholic Times_. In the late House of Commons
+representatives of the Faith had sixty seats. In the new House they will
+have eighty-two. Of these, Catholic Ireland contributes seventy-nine,
+England two, and Scotland one. We have already commented upon the return
+for the Oban Division of Argyllshire of Mr. D. H. MacFarlane, who enjoys
+the distinction of being the first Catholic member of Parliament
+returned by Scotland since the so-called Reformation. English Catholics
+cannot, however, be congratulated upon the part they took in the
+electoral struggle. To the last Parliament they sent but one
+representative, Mr. H. E. H. Jerningham; and to that which will commence
+its labors in a couple of months they have returned only two--Mr.
+Charles Russell, Q.C., for South Hackney, and Mr. T. P. O'Connor, for
+the Scotland Division of Liverpool. And more than half the credit of
+securing the return of these two gentlemen is due to the Irish electors
+in this country.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+For the first time in the history of Boston a colored man has obtained a
+political office--he has actually received a policeman's baton. This is
+wonderful news, indeed, for, although Massachusetts has been prominent
+in denouncing the South for her treatment of the colored man, whom she
+has extensively favored with office, Boston, at least, has now had the
+first opportunity of practicing her doctrine; and let us hope that the
+man's name--Homer--will be classical enough to counteract her
+surprise.--_Baltimore Catholic Mirror._
+
+Massachusetts has done more than that for the colored race. Several of
+them have been elected to the general court; one has been on the bench
+for some time; and there are several practising lawyers in our courts.
+Can Maryland say as much for our colored brethren?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE POPE CONGRATULATED.--Emperor William of Germany and Queen Christiana
+of Spain have sent telegrams to Pope Leo, expressing their thanks for
+his services, and for his equitable decision as arbitrator in the
+Carolines controversy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OUR MAGAZINE.--This hearty notice is from Father Phelan's _Western
+Watchman:_ DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE, for January, came to us last week as
+bright as a new shilling, much enlarged, and, as usual, overflowing with
+such original and interesting reading for Irish-Americans as is to be
+found in no other paper or magazine published on the planet. We predict
+for the publisher many years of prosperity to continue the good work.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NEW ENGLAND MEN AND WOMEN are dying out, or they are not producers. Even
+the fisheries no longer breed American seamen for the naval service.
+Three-fourths of the crews that man the fishing fleets are Portuguese,
+Spaniards and Italians.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Boston Herald:_--Ireland would be better fixed politically, if its
+condition should be made like a State in our Union, rather than like a
+province the same as Canada. Canada has no representation in the
+imperial Parliament. Great Britain ought to have a Parliament for
+imperial purposes, with representatives from her dependencies, and
+another for her local affairs. It has long been apparent that the
+British Parliament cannot properly consider both general and local
+matters.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It appears that the reported wholesale boycotting of Irish workingmen in
+England stated in a dispatch of the New York _Sun_ to have been resolved
+upon at a meeting of a Liberal Club, was entirely without foundation in
+fact, not even heard of at the National Liberal Club or at the London
+Office of the _Freeman's Journal_, the chief Nationalist organ.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARNELLITE MEETING.--A day or two before the opening of the new
+Parliament this month, a general meeting of the Irish parliamentary
+party, including as many of the Nationalist members as are then in
+London, will be held at the Westminster Palace Hotel, when, it is stated
+in London Nationalist circles, a definite course of parliamentary action
+will be decided upon, and the Parnellite programme for the session will
+be finally adopted, subject only to such deviations as the exigencies of
+the political situation may render admissable and desirable. In the
+event of a short adjournment of the House, after the election of the
+speaker and the swearing in of the members, it is understood that the
+January meeting of the Irish parliamentary party referred to will be
+adjourned to the day previous to that on which the business of the House
+will begin about the usual date in February.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HOUSE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD.--The new house is progressing favorably, and
+is nearly under roof. There will be a lecture in aid of the building on
+Sunday evening, January 17. Hon. Mr. Keiley, lately appointed Minister
+to Italy and Austria, will deliver the lecture. Subject: The Present
+Prospects of Irish Freedom. The lecture will take place at the Boston
+Theatre. Tickets, 75, 50, and 35 cents. The announcement of so
+interesting a subject, and the fame of the lecturer should fill the
+house to overflowing. His Honor, Mayor O'Brien, will preside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OUR MAGAZINE.--_Notre Dame Scholastic:_ With the January number,
+DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE begins its fifteenth volume. It is an interesting and
+instructive periodical, and deserves well of the reading public. The
+"Memoir of His Eminence John Cardinal McCloskey," by Dr. John Gilmary
+Shea, which appears in the present number, is a priceless memento of our
+first American prince of the Church, and imparts valuable information
+concerning some points of the early history of the Church in our
+country. Besides, there is a collection of readable articles, which it
+would take too long to name. The editor promises still greater
+attractions for the new volume, and we sincerely hope his enterprise
+will meet with all the encouragement it so well deserves. The MAGAZINE
+is published at Boston, Mass.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Rev. Dr. O'Reilly, of Detroit, Treasurer of the National League in
+America, announces that he has sent $80,000 to the League in Ireland
+since Oct. 1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FUTURE OF FRANCE.--In answer to a question on the eventual solution
+of the French political difficulty, the Bishop of Angers says: "When I
+spoke of the affairs of French Catholics, and, above all, of those of my
+diocese," said his Lordship, "I was within my domain. But of the future
+of Catholic France the less conversation and the more prayer the better.
+I believe that Providence will bless the Apostolic spirit of our
+missionaries, and the obscure zeal of our Sisters of Charity. I believe,
+with Monseigneur Dupanloup, that the French Church, with fifty thousand
+priests, and more, daily saying Mass, and hundreds of thousands of
+innocent children praying in her churches, must emerge triumphant from
+this terrible crisis. Ask me nothing of Pretenders or of the Republic.
+The work of a Catholic Bishop in France is too absorbing to be
+overwhelmed by difficulties of political detail. We must be patriots,
+worthy citizens, and faithful Catholics, and leave the rest to God. The
+great bulk of the French people is not deceived. A cloud is passing
+over the nation; but the bright sun will soon pierce through that cloud,
+and a reaction will set in. The sooner the better, say I."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHEDRAL T. A. & B. SOCIETY.--The Cathedral Total Abstinence and
+Benevolent Society is making extensive preparations for its third annual
+social, which takes place in Parker Fraternity Hall, Wednesday evening,
+February 10th. Tickets are selling very rapidly, and the committee of
+arrangements will spare nothing to make the occasion an enjoyable one to
+all who attend. The officers of the society are as follows: Spiritual
+director, Rev. James F. Talbot, D.D.; President, John F. Marrin;
+vice-president, William J. Keenan; recording secretary, James P. Gorman;
+financial secretary, Jeremiah Conners; treasurer, Patrick Cooney;
+sergeant-at-arms, Dennis Desmond.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ABSTEMIOUSNESS AT CHRISTMAS.--The following circular was issued by the
+Cardinal Archbishop of Westminister:--A Plenary indulgence may be gained
+by all persons who--besides making a good Confession and received
+worthily the Holy Communion, and praying for the intention of his
+Holiness--shall, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day, and on the
+following day, abstain from all intoxicating drinks. The faithful are
+earnestly exhorted to endeavor to obtain the Plenary Indulgence; and to
+offer up this little self-denial as an act of intercession, reparation,
+and expiation for those who sin against God by drunkenness and
+intemperance especially at this time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We regret to learn from the _Catholic Mirror_ that Mr. William Doherty,
+formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, is lying dangerously ill at his
+residence, No. 142 Edmondson Avenue. Mr. Doherty came to Baltimore about
+eleven years ago, in part on account of the climate. He has been
+suffering for years with heart disease. He has received the last
+Sacraments from the hands of his son, Rev. William J. Doherty, S.J.,
+rector of the Church of Our Lady, at Guelph, Ontario, Canada, who
+reached Baltimore the day before. Mr. William Doherty was born in
+Ireland, June 8th, 1800, and went to New Brunswick when a young man. He
+was for many years one of the most prominent Catholics in St. John, and
+was president of St. Vincent de Paul Society in that city. He has two
+daughters with him, and two who are nuns. One of the latter is Madame
+Letitia Doherty, assistant superioress of the Convent of the Sacred
+Heart, Kenwood, Albany, N. Y.; the other is in the Elmhurst Convent of
+the Sacred Heart, at Providence, R.I.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are at present two hundred "widowed" parishes in the Diocese of
+Posen, Germany. Of these, only forty-five have any auxiliary supply, so
+that no less than one hundred and fifty-five parishes, with a population
+of 200,000 souls and more are without any priest at all.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+If the Associated Press may be trusted, Bishop O'Farrell has expressed
+the opinion that the two American cardinals will be the Archbishop of
+Baltimore and the Archbishop of New York.--_Catholic Mirror._
+
+The Associated Press is not to be credited on Catholic or Irish matters.
+It is more than probable that one of the hats will crown the head of the
+venerable Archbishop of Boston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY has received ten thousand Rosaries from Belgium.
+They are blessed by the regular canons of the Holy Cross Order, and they
+have the extraordinary indulgence of five hundred days and the
+Bridgetine indulgence of one hundred days, together with the Holy
+Father's blessing, attached to the devout recital of every "Our Father"
+and "Hail Mary" upon them. Address Rev. A. Granger, C.S.C., Notre Dame,
+Ind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Italian Government has just published the list of deaths from
+cholera during the years 1884 and 1885. In the former year, there were
+27,000 cases, and 14,000 deaths. In the latter year there have been over
+6,000 cases, and 3,000 deaths. Palermo was the great sufferer this year,
+as Naples was in 1884. Better nutrition during both epidemics caused a
+noted diminution in cases and in deaths.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Germania_ says that the Holy Father has expressed a wish to know
+the state of Catholic Missions in the German Colonies. He feels very
+keenly the arbitrary conduct of the Imperial Government, and has
+expressed to the Prussian Minister his astonishment at the prejudice
+exhibited in Berlin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Referring to the Letter of the Holy Father to Cardinal Manning and the
+Bishops of England, which we give elsewhere, the _Moniteur de Rome_ says
+that it constitutes "the recompense and the consecration" of the noble
+and heroic efforts of his Eminence and the English Episcopate in the
+cause of Christian education.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The 22nd of February is the anniversary of the birth of George
+Washington. We give many incidents of his life in this issue of our
+MAGAZINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE IRISH CONVENTION.--Patrick Egan, president of the Irish National
+League of America, has received a cablegram from T. M. Harrington, M.P.,
+secretary of the National League in Ireland, in which he states that Mr.
+Parnell will not be able to attend the League convention intended to be
+held in Chicago in January next, and that he is "inclined to think it
+best to postpone the convention until after the meeting of parliament in
+February." It is, doubtless, the desire of the Irish party to know with
+some definiteness the probable outcome of the present situation before
+making any authoritative announcement of their plans, or before sending
+any message to their American brothers; and it also seems that they
+regard Mr. Parnell's constant presence on the scene of negotiations as
+indispensable. The convention, in accordance with this suggestion, is,
+therefore, postponed to a date to be determined upon hereafter between
+the executive of the American League and Mr. Parnell. Mr. Egan will call
+the National Committee of the American League together some day in
+January, by which time there may be information from Ireland enabling a
+definite date to be fixed for the convention.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MUNSTER BANK.--In reply to a letter from Mr. T. N. Stack to the
+liquidators, inquiring when the sum of �500,000 now in their hands would
+be distributed amongst the creditors, the liquidators of the Munster
+Bank have written to say that there is �650,000 in hands, that the mere
+routine work of arranging for a dividend occupies a considerable time,
+but that they expect to pay an instalment in March.
+
+
+PRIVILEGES FOR MAYNOOTH.--In reply to a petition from the Irish
+Episcopate, the Holy Father, through the Sacred Congregation of
+Propaganda, has granted to the Superiors of St. Patrick's College,
+Maynooth, the privilege of presenting students for ordination to the
+Diaconate and Subdiaconate on days which are ordinary doubles. This
+important concession, however, can be made use of only once in the year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GRANT'S EVIL GENIUS.--The enemies of the Catholic Church should get up a
+big purse of bright new dollars as a testimonial to Parson Newman,
+as--only for the influence of his evil genius--it is very likely that
+General Grant would have died a Catholic. The _Saint Joseph's Advocate_,
+in a brief notice of the death of General Grant, says that Grant was not
+a bigot--his Indian Agency policy and Des Moines speech to the apparent
+contrary notwithstanding. Parson Newman was, in matters of religion, his
+evil genius; and the evil genius had this apology (though no excuse)
+that he was pushed at him from _behind_. It is our sincere opinion that
+if the Catholic side of this great man's family had possessed a Newman
+in zeal, eloquence and polish, Mount McGregor would have witnessed its
+most historic _Catholic_ death, July 22, 1885.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CHINESE MUST GO.--_San Francisco Monitor:_ There seems to be a
+general determination among the people all over this coast that the
+Chinese must go. Already they have been forcibly expelled from several
+towns in Washington territory and Oregon, as well as from towns in this
+State. Self-preservation is the first law of nature, and the laboring
+portion of the white race will not suffer their right of life, liberty
+and happiness to be destroyed by the interference of Chinese coolies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOREIGN MISSIONS.--A large and commodious seminary for the Foreign
+Missions is about to be opened in Bavaria. In the latter country a grand
+old abbey has for years stood empty and deserted. Father Amhreim, a
+Benedictine, under the auspices of the Propaganda, and with the consent
+of the Bavarian Government, has restored the abbey, and is now fitting
+it up as a seminary. The students who will enter this new Missionary
+College will devote themselves to the African missions, as their
+brethren in the college of Steil give themselves wholly to the Chinese
+mission. German Catholics may be proud of their missionary enterprise.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DYNAMITE!--Millionnaire Cyrus W. Field, of New York, raised a monument
+to Andre, the English spy, with great pains and expense. Some other
+party razed it, a few nights ago--with a dynamite cartridge. Robert
+Simons, while trying to kill fish at Little Rock, Ark., with dynamite,
+exploded some of the stuff in his pocket, and his right arm was blown
+off in a jiffy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARCHBISHOP CROKE says: "Politics now simply means food and clothes and
+decent houses for Irishmen and women at home; they mean the three great
+corporal works of mercy; they mean the protection of the weak against
+the strong, and the soil of Ireland for the Irish race rather than for a
+select gang of strangers and spoliators."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LANDLORD WAR is raging in Ireland. The Boycotting campaign is being
+pushed. This chorus is intoned by "T. D. S." and caught up throughout
+the land:
+
+   "Tis vain to think that all our lives
+     We'll coin our sweat to gold,
+   And let our children and our wives
+     Feel want and wet and cold;
+   We first must help ourselves, and then,
+     If we have cash to spare,
+   Let landlord, and such idle men,
+     Come asking for a share;
+   So landlords, and grandlords,
+     We pledge our faith to-day--
+   A low rent, or no rent,
+     Is all the rent we'll pay."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A CHEERFUL PROSPECT.--Sympathetic Friend: I say, Toombs, old man, you're
+not looking well. Want cheerful society, that's it! I shall come and
+spend the evening with you, and bring my new poem, "Ode to a Graveyard!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ENGLISH ELECTIONS.--One of the unexpected effects of the public
+excitement consequent upon the general election has been the revelation
+of some of the most grotesque vagaries of Protestantism that have ever
+come under our notice. One clergyman told his parishioners not to
+scruple about telling lies as to the party for which they intended to
+vote. Another characterized the Liberals as "a set of devils."
+Archdeacon Denison, an octogenarian ecclesiastic, informed his audience
+at a public meeting that they "might as well cheer for the devil as for
+Mr. Gladstone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mgr. Seghers, who, imbued with apostolic zeal and self-sacrifice,
+resigned the archdiocese of Oregon, to dedicate himself to the
+conversion of the Indians, has arrived at Vancouver Island, and has
+already begun his holy work assisted by a party of devoted Belgian
+missionaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The decree for the introduction of the cause for the beatification and
+canonization of Joan of Arc has been signed at last. The late Mgr.
+Dupanloup labored hard in this affair, and doubtless the progress made
+is partly owing to his unwearied efforts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Scotch Colony is about being planted in Florida. A man named Tait is
+the organizer of the projected settlement, and is expected to bring
+fifty families with him from Glasgow. These are only the pioneers, and
+it is expected that in two years one thousand families from Scotland
+will be located in Florida. We welcome every industrious emigrant who
+comes here to better his fortune, and hope the projected colony will be
+a success. But we also hope they will be more patriotic than were the
+Scotch in 1775, who raised the English flag at the Cross Roads in North
+Carolina, and fought against American Independence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE VICTOR HUGO.--Very noble, and certainly very true, was the
+appeal which Victor Hugo made for religious instruction in 1850: "God
+will be found at the end of all. Let us not forget Him, and let us teach
+Him to all. There would otherwise be no dignity in living, and it would
+be better to die entirely. What soothes suffering, what sanctifies
+labor, what makes man good, strong, wise, patient, benevolent, just, at
+the same time humble and great, worthy of liberty, is to have before him
+the perpetual vision of a better world, throwing its rays through the
+darkness of this life. As regards myself, I believe profoundly in this
+better world; and I declare it in this place to be a supreme certainty
+of my soul. I wish, then, sincerely, or, to speak strongly, I wish
+ardently for religious instruction."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is thought that the Parliament which has just been elected will be
+short-lived. In a comparatively brief space of time there will be
+another appeal to the constituencies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reminiscences of Irish-American Regiments in the Union Army during the
+Rebellion, are spoken of in an article elsewhere. The article is
+furnished to us by the editor and proprietor of the _Sandy Hill_ (N. Y.)
+_Herald_, John Dwyer, Esq.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BANK OF IRELAND SHARES.--Shares of the Bank of Ireland, which a year ago
+were quoted at �340, are quoted at �274. This is a government Orange
+Bank. It refused to assist the Munster Bank, which was the principal
+cause of its failure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Statue of the late Lord O'Hagan will shortly be placed in the hall of
+the Four Courts, Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Catholic ceases to be a Catholic the moment he becomes a Free Mason.
+He may continue to believe all articles of Catholic faith and even go to
+church; but he is cut off from the body of the faithful by the fact of
+excommunication, and cannot receive the Sacraments while living, nor
+sepulchre in consecrated ground when dead. By resigning from the lodge,
+and giving up the symbols,he can be restored to the communion of the
+Church.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Lady Mayoress of Dublin has been presented with a silver cradle,
+commemorative of the birth of a daughter during her official year. The
+gift was from the members of both parties in the Corporation and the
+citizens.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+T. P. O'Connor, M.P., says that Ireland will be satisfied with nothing
+less than the same amount of independence granted by England to Canada.
+Mr. Justin McCarthy, M.P., says that the same amount of independence as
+New York or Illinois has in the Federal Union would do. These two
+declarations may be regarded as the maximum and minimum of the present
+national demand. Mr. Parnell has, very wisely, made no sign. He lies in
+wait for future developments.
+
+
+
+
+NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
+
+
+_Lynch, Cole & Meehan, New York._
+
+     THE IRISH-AMERICAN ALMANAC FOR 1886. Price, 25 cents.
+
+We refer the reader to the advertisement on another page for the
+contents, etc., of this Irish year book. It is indispensable in every
+Irish family at home and abroad, like our own MAGAZINE. The publishers
+are also the editors and proprietors of the _Irish-American_ newspaper,
+which has stood the tug of war for nearly forty years. The price is only
+25 cents. It is worth three times 25 cents. Address the publishers or
+any bookseller.
+
+
+_Fr. Pustet & Co., N. Y. and Cincinnati._
+
+     THE POPE: THE VICAR OF CHRIST; THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH. By Rt. Rev.
+     Monseigneur Capel, D.D., Domestic Prelate of His Holiness, Pope Leo
+     XIII. Price, 25 cents.
+
+The preface explains the scope of the work, which we give:
+
+Is the Pope possessor of supreme and universal authority over the whole
+of the Christian Church, is the Pope the Vicar of Christ: are questions
+of the greatest moment to all believers in Christianity. If the Pope
+holds such power and position, then is there the absolute need of
+subjection to him in things spiritual. The subject has been treated by
+me from different stand-points during my tour in the States. The
+substance of such discourses is now given to the public. To meet the
+demands on time made by the active, busy life in America, the matter is
+presented as concisely as possible, and in short chapters. The
+intelligence and general information displayed by the people in all
+parts of the States which I have visited permit me, while presenting a
+small book for popular use, to treat the subject for an educated people
+anxious for solid knowledge. To those who wish to prosecute the further
+study of this question I recommend the following works, to which I have
+to express my indebtedness: Archbishop Kenrick's "Primacy of S. Peter,"
+Allies' "See of S. Peter," Wilberforce's "Principles of Church
+Authority," Allnatt's "Cathedra Petri," and "Faith of Catholics" (Vol.
+II.), containing the historical evidence of the first five centuries of
+the Christian era to the teaching concerning the Papacy.
+
+                                                T. J. Capel.
+
+                  _Feast of the Immaculate Conception, 1885._
+
+
+_McGowan & Young, Portland, Maine._
+
+     ECHOES FROM THE PINES. By Margaret E. Jordan.
+
+Maine should be represented among the States which has a large Catholic
+population. The first, and the only, Catholic Governor of the New
+England States, was Governor Cavanagh in Maine. There were few Catholics
+in that State during his administration. To-day, Maine would not give
+her suffrages to a Catholic. Why? Because in Governor Cavanagh's days
+the Catholics were in a great minority, and the Puritans did not fear
+them. As the Catholic body increases, hatred springs up; but Maine is
+coming back to the old faith.
+
+She has now a prelate who is alive to the necessities of his people, and
+is doing everything in his power to establish the Faith of Kale and the
+other martyrs who died for their religion.
+
+Who would have thought in Governor Cavanagh's days (a half a century
+ago), that there would be a grand cathedral, convent, schools and a
+Catholic publishing house in Portland? But such is the fact. The house
+has issued an excellent book but a few months ago, and now we have some
+sweet poems from the genial pen of Miss Margaret E. Jordan. The
+authoress has not so many "flourish of trumpets" as some others, but her
+Muse is pathetic and heartfelt. The critics may not give her the meed of
+praise they would confer upon others, but her Catholic heart will endear
+her to the love she bears our Blessed Mother, and her devotion to the
+poetic visions of the "old land." We believe Miss Jordan hails from the
+beautiful vale of Avoca, where the poet Moore imbibed his inspirations.
+
+
+_Ave Maria Press, Notre Dame, Ind._
+
+     SCHOLASTIC ANNUAL FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1886. By Prof. J. A.
+     Lyons, of the University of Notre Dame, Ia.
+
+This is the eleventh year of this publication. Our good friend, Prof.
+Lyons, gives his readers an excellent New Year's dish. "Capital and
+Strikes," by our friend, Onahan, of Chicago, is timely. We wish it could
+be read by the strikers and the Knights of Labor, all over the country.
+There are also articles on the late Vice President, by William Hoynes,
+A. M. "A Nation's Favorite," by Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, C. S. C., and
+other excellent articles both in prose and verse.
+
+
+_John Murphy & Co., Baltimore, Md._
+
+     NOTED SANCTUARIES OF THE HOLY FACE; or, the Cultus of the Holy
+     Face, as practised at St. Peter's of the Vatican and other
+     celebrated shrines. By M. L'Abbe Jouvier. Translated from the
+     French by P. P. S. With preface by Most Rev. W. H. Elder, D.D.,
+     Archbishop of Cincinnati.
+
+The devotion to the Holy Face is spreading throughout the Catholic
+world. The Discalced Nuns are foremost in their efforts to spread this
+devotion. This little book is published at their urgent solicitations.
+We recommend to all devout Catholics the purchase of this book.
+
+
+_D. & J. Sadlier & Co., New York._
+
+     SADLIER'S CATHOLIC DIRECTORY, ALMANAC, AND ORDO, FOR THE YEAR OF
+     OUR LORD 1886; with full official reports of all dioceses,
+     vicariates, prefectures, etc., in the United States, Canada,
+     British West Indies, Ireland, England and Scotland. Unbound, $1.25.
+     Bound, $1.50. An edition comprising only the church in the United
+     States, 50 cents.
+
+This is the fifty-fourth annual publication. It composes a great body of
+information interesting to every Catholic. All families should have it
+in their houses.
+
+
+All of the above books may be obtained of Messrs. Noonan and Co., as
+well as of the publishers.
+
+
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+THEFT OF A VALUABLE BOOK.--A valuable book has been stolen from the
+library of the Minerva, Rome. It is one of the very few copies of the
+works of Lactantius, which were printed at the Benedictine monastery of
+Santa Scholastica, near Subiaco, in the year 1465. So rare are the
+copies of this work, that the price of a single copy has reached 15,000
+francs, or �600. The most minute inquiries have been made, but the
+missing volume has not been traced.
+
+A Selection of the late Lord O'Hagan's speeches, as revised by himself,
+will very shortly be published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. The volume
+opens with a speech on the Legislative Union delivered at a meeting of
+the Repeal Association in 1843, and closes with Lord O'Hagan's speeches
+in the House of Lords in 1881-82 on the Irish Land Laws. The work is
+edited by Lord O'Hagan's nephew, Mr. George Teeling, and contains
+numerous biographical and historical notes.
+
+THE ANGEL GUARDIAN ANNUAL FOR 1886.--Seventh year. Published by the
+House of the Angel Guardian; Boston, Mass. Price 10 cents. Besides the
+matter contained in Almanacs generally, this little annual has also a
+collection of interesting and instructive articles. There are several
+excellent engravings, prominent among which are portraits of Cardinal
+McCloskey, Archbishop Williams, Daniel O'Connell, Rev. G. F. Haskins,
+and Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston, accompanying biographical
+sketches.
+
+MR. T. P. O'CONNOR'S new book, _Gladstone's House of Commons_, will be
+issued by Messrs. Ward and Downey early next week. In the preface the
+author says:--"It would be too much to ask the reader to believe that
+these sketches betray none of the bias natural to one who took a
+somewhat active part in many of the scenes described. But an effort was
+made at impartiality." The volume is called _Gladstone's House of
+Commons_. The justification of the title is the commanding position held
+in the last Parliament by the overwhelming personality of Mr. Gladstone.
+
+
+
+
+MUSIC.
+
+_From White, Smith & Co._
+
+
+_Vocal:_ "Trusting," Duet, by C. A. White.
+
+_Instrumental:_ "Only for Thee," Polka Mazurka, by Fliege. "Chant du
+Paysan," by Alfonso Rendando. "Silver Trumpets," by Viviani, viz.: No.
+1, "Grand Processional March." No. 2, "Harmony in the Dome," as played
+at St. Peter's in Rome. "Gavotte," by Rudolph Niemann. "Potpourri," from
+"Mikado," for four hands, arranged by C. D. Blake. "Chimes of Spring,"
+by H. Lichner. "Mikado," Galop by Geo. Thorne. "The Banjo Companion,"
+viz.: "Nymphs' Dance," by Armstrong. "Rag Baby Jig," by same. "Gavotte
+du Pacha," by F. Von Suppe. "Always Gallant Polka," by Fahrbach.
+"Carlotta Walzer," by Millocker. "Happy Go Lucky, Schottische," by De
+Coen, and "O Restless Sea," by C. A. White, all arranged for Banjo.
+"Rosalie Waltz," by Pierre Duvernet. "Morning Prayer," by Strealboy. "La
+Gracieuse," by Ch. Wachtmann. "Mikado Waltzes," by Bucalossi.
+
+_Books:_ "The Folio," for January, 1886, brimful of good reading
+interspersed with excellent music. "Ferd. Beyers' Preliminary Method for
+Pianoforte." Part 2, "Melodies for Violin and Piano," and "Melodies for
+Flute and Piano." All these works issued in Messrs. White, Smith & Co's
+best style.
+
+
+
+
+Obituary.
+
+   "After life's fitful fever they sleep well."
+
+
+CARDINAL.
+
+CARDINAL PANEBIANCA has lately died in Rome at the age of seventy-seven.
+He was not a society cardinal, as he lived a hard life, slept on the
+boards, his board being also simple bread and water, with a morsel of
+cheese now and then by way of a luxury. He despised riches, and has died
+rich.
+
+
+BISHOPS.
+
+RT. REV. F. X. KRAUTBAUER, bishop of Green Bay, Wis., for over ten
+years, was found dead in his bed at the Episcopal residence, morning of
+the 17th of December. He had recently been a sufferer from apoplexy,
+which finally took him off. The suddenness of his death has cast a gloom
+of sadness over the entire Catholic population. Bishop Krautbauer was
+born in the parish of Bruck, near Ratisbon, Bavaria, in 1824, being in
+his sixty-first year at the time of his death.
+
+At half-past six o'clock Friday morning, December 4, Rt. Rev. Dominic
+Manucy, third bishop of Mobile, Ala., died after a lingering illness. He
+was born in St. Augustine, Fla., in the year 1823, and received his
+education in Mobile, at the College of St. Joseph, Spring Hill. On the
+20th of January, 1884, he received his appointment from Rome to the
+bishopric of Mobile, and on March 30th, of the same year, was duly
+installed. In the July following his health failed, and he was compelled
+to send his resignation to the Pope. The Pope, however, took no action
+on the resignation until more than a year had passed. Then Bishop
+Jeremiah O'Sullivan was appointed as his successor to the Bishopric of
+Mobile, and to him Bishop Manucy delivered up the keys of the cathedral
+on the first day of November, 1885. Since the succession Bishop Manucy
+has remained at the episcopal residence, where he has been at all times
+carefully attended by the priests of the parish and the people of his
+congregation. Bishop Manucy was no ordinary person, but, on the
+contrary, his whole life and its actions stamped him as a man of more
+than usual ability. As a man he showed himself, when in health, to be of
+strong and decisive will, possessed of an open-hearted, frank nature,
+and charitable to the furtherest degree. He was a man of thorough
+education, a profound and able logician, and was reckoned as one of the
+best theologians of the Catholic Church. In his various offices as
+priest and bishop, he was at all times alive to the interest of his
+church and its people. The spiritual needs of his flocks never escaped
+his observation, and were never left unsupplied.
+
+
+PRIESTS.
+
+German literary papers report with regret the death at Kilchrath, in
+Holland, of one of the most learned Jesuits of our times, Father
+Schneemann, at the age of fifty-six. He was chief editor of the
+well-known periodical, "Stimmen von Maria Laach." When the Jesuits had
+to quit Germany in 1872 he came to reside in England, but the climate
+not agreeing with him, he went to Holland, where he taught divinity in a
+diocesan college.
+
+Rev. George Ruland, C. SS. R., who died a few weeks ago in Baltimore,
+was provincial of the Redemptorists for many years. He was a fellow
+student of Archbishop Heis, of Milwaukee, and a pupil of Doctor
+Doellinger. He was a man of marked talent, and his influence will be
+greatly missed.
+
+Rev. Philip J. McCabe, rector of the cathedral at Hartford, Conn., died
+in that city on the 9th of December, greatly regretted by all who had
+the pleasure of his acquaintance.
+
+Rev. Father Jamison, S. J., the well-known and highly esteemed Jesuit
+died at Georgetown College, D. C., on night of 8th December, after a
+very long illness. He was born in Frederick City, Md., on June 19, 1831;
+in 1860 he was ordained to the priesthood in the Eternal City, by
+Cardinal Franson. Then returning to the United States, he labored at
+different times, as assistant pastor in Georgetown, Md., Washington, D.
+C., Philadelphia, Pa., Boston, Mass., Troy, N. Y., and Alexandria, Va.
+
+The Rev. John S. Flynn, pastor of St. Ann's Church, Cranston, R. I.,
+died of pneumonia, at the parochial residence, on the 10th December, in
+the forty-ninth year of his age, and the eighteenth of his ordination.
+He was a native of the County Cavan, Ireland, and came to this country
+when eleven years of age. His early education was under the supervision
+of his uncle, the late Rev. John Smith, of Danbury, Conn., with whom he
+resided. He continued his studies at Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md.
+After finishing his classical course, he spent some time at St. Sulpice
+Seminary, Baltimore, and completed his theological studies at the
+Provincial Seminary, Troy, N. Y.
+
+The death, November 8, of Very Rev. Wm. J. Halley, V. G., Cincinnati, is
+greatly lamented. In him, for more than twenty years, we have personally
+known a noble, pure, devoted and beautiful character. Born at Tramore,
+Ireland, he was taken off at forty-eight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRESERVATION OF A SAINT'S BODY.--The body of the late venerable G. B.
+Vianney, Cur� d'Ars, was exhumed in the presence of the Bishop of Belley
+and Mgr. Casorara, _promotor fidei_, and of all those interested in the
+cause of his beatification. The body was found entire, as it was buried,
+and was recognizable at the first glance. The flesh and hair still
+adhered to the upper part of the head; the hands, shrivelled, preserved
+their full form--the sacerdotal vestments had undergone no alteration.
+To give an idea of the enthusiasm displayed by the people, we may say
+that every object of devotion to be bought in the shops of Ars was sold,
+so that the people might bear away with them a relic that had touched
+the holy body. Ars seemed to have recovered its former happy days, when
+pilgrims flocked thither, and penitents thronged the venerable cur�'s
+confessional.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD CHARLES THYNNE, second son of the Marquis of Bath, has during the
+week received the tonsure and three minor orders at the hands of the
+Cardinal Archbishop in the chapel of the archbishop's house,
+Westminster. Lord Charles is an ex-clergyman of the Church of England,
+and is close on seventy years of age.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An interesting ceremony took place in the Church of Piedad, Buenos
+Ayres, recently, when an entire Jewish family named Krausse, the parents
+and two children, abjured the Jewish religion and were baptized into the
+Catholic Church. They had been instructed in the catechism of Christian
+doctrine by a Jesuit Father. Senor Gallardo was godfather of the
+parents, and Senor Leguizamona and Miss Larosa godfather and godmother
+for the children.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The ideas of English noblemen upon the subject of national gratitude,
+and the causes of it, must be decidedly unique. In a speech, delivered
+in Glasgow, on Dec. 3d, Lord Roseberry declared that he thought "Ireland
+had shown great ingratitude toward Mr. Gladstone." Considering that, in
+addition to a worthless Land Bill, Mr. Gladstone's principal gifts to
+Ireland consisted of five years of the most grinding coercion
+government, under the operation of which some two thousand of the best
+and purest men and women in the country were thrust into jail like
+felons, we fail to see the particular claims that grand old fraud has
+upon the good-will of Ireland or her people, says the _Irish-American_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Bishop Bowman, of St. Louis, in the annual conference of the Methodist
+missionary committee, says that it costs $208 to convert an Italian
+Catholic to Methodism. Yes; and he would be dear at half the price, says
+the _Western Watchman_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the British Empire there are 14 archiepiscopal and 81 episcopal sees;
+35 vicariates and 10 prefectures; in all, 140; and the number of
+patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops throughout the world is
+1,171, the residential sees being 909 in number.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREGORY'S PILE REMEDY.--It is not very often that we say anything in
+favor of advertised medicines. We cheerfully make an exception in the
+case of Gregory's Pile Remedy. It is so highly endorsed by some of the
+best known citizens in Boston and vicinity, who have been permanently
+cured by its use, that we recommend it to all sufferers. It is a
+distinctly Irish remedy, the formul� for its preparation having been
+left with Mr. Gregory by an esteemed old Irish lady, who died in August
+last, and who used it with the greatest success for many years among her
+friends and neighbors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2, 
+February 1886, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
+
+***** This file should be named 26682-8.txt or 26682-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/6/8/26682/
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2, February 1886, by Various.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2, 
+February 1886, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2,  February 1886
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2008 [EBook #26682]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<p><br /><br /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Donahoe's Magazine</span>.</h1>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h3>Vol. XV.&nbsp; &nbsp; BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.&nbsp; &nbsp;  No. 2</h3>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">"<span class="smcap">The</span> future of the Irish race in this country, will depend largely
+upon their capability of assuming an independent attitude in
+American politics."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Right Rev. Doctor Ireland</span>, <i>St. Paul</i>, <i>Minn.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="CONTENTS">
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Columbian_Abbey_of_Derry">The Columbian Abbey of Derry.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Penitent_on_the_Cross">The Penitent on the Cross.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Celt_in_America">The Celt in America.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Southern_Sketches">Southern Sketches.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_Valiant_Soldier_of_the_Cross">A Valiant Soldier of the Cross.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Gerald_Griffin">Gerald Griffin.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Mary_E_Blake">Mary E. Blake.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#George_Washington">George Washington.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_Child_of_Mary">A Child of Mary.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Boys_in_Green">The Boys in Green.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_Christmas_Carol">A Christmas Carol.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Late_Father_Tom_Burke">The Late Father Tom Burke.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Our_Neighbors">Our Neighbors.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Old_Years_Army_of_Martyrs">The Old Year's Army of Martyrs.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Parnells_Strength">Parnell's Strength.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_Silly_Threat">A Silly Threat.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#The_Pope_on_Christian_Education">The Pope on Christian Education.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Te_Deum">Te Deum.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Rapidity_of_Times_Flight">Rapidity of Time's Flight.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Juvenile_Department">Juvenile Department.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Notes_on_current_topics">Noes on Current Topics.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Notices_of_Recent_Publications">Notices of Recent Publications.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Obituary">Obituary.</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+        <p class="center">Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents for this issue is in the Vol I., so all the
+main divisions have been added to this etext for ease of navigation.</p>
+    </div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Columbian_Abbey_of_Derry" id="The_Columbian_Abbey_of_Derry"></a>The Columbian Abbey of Derry.</h2>
+
+
+<p>One bright sunny day last summer I found myself in the city of Derry,
+with some hours to spare. I passed them in rambling aimlessly about
+whither fancy or accident led me,&mdash;now on the walls, endeavoring to
+recall the particulars of that siege so graphically described by
+Macaulay, now in the Protestant Cathedral musing on the proximity of
+luxuriously-cushioned pew and cold sepulchral monument along which the
+sun, streaming through the stained windows, threw a mellow glow that
+softened but did not remove the hideousness of the death's emblems on
+them&mdash;now wandering down the busy street and admiring the beauties of
+the Casino College, which, like the alien cathedral a little distance
+up, rejoices in the patronage of St. Columb and is built on the site of
+his old monastery. Here I lingered long, trying to picture to myself the
+olden glories of the spot on which I stood, for</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"I do love these ancient ruins;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We never tread upon them</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But we set our foot upon some reverend history;"</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>although here not an ivy-clasped gable, or even a mossy stone remains to
+claim the "passing tribute" of a sigh, or a vain regret for the golden
+days of our Irish Church. Yet its very barrenness of ruins made it
+dearer to my heart, for one never clings more fondly to the memory of a
+dear friend than when all mementoes of him are lost. As warned by the
+stroke of the town-clock, I hurried down to the station to be whirled
+away to Dublin, I thought that perhaps my fellow-readers of the <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>
+would bear with me while I gossiped for half an hour on the story of
+this grand old monastery, the mother-house of Iona.</p>
+
+<p>You know where Derry is, or if you don't your atlas will tell you, that
+it is away up in the north of Ireland, where, situated on the shores of
+the Lough Foyle, coiling its streets round the slopes of a hill till on
+the very summit they culminate in the cross-crowned tower of St.
+Columb's Cathedral, it lies in the midst of a beautiful country just
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>like a cameo fallen into a basket of flowers. The houses cluster round
+the base of the hill on the land side, spread themselves in irregular
+masses over the adjoining level, or clamber up the opposite rise on the
+brow of which stands St. Eugene's Cathedral, yet unfinished, and the
+pile of turrets which constitute Magee College. A noble bridge spans the
+Foyle, and through a forest of shipmasts one may see on the other side
+the city rising up from the water, and stretching along the bending
+shore till it becomes lost in the villa-studded woods of Prehen.</p>
+
+<p>The massive walls, half hidden by encroaching commerce, the grim-looking
+gates, and the old rusty cannon whose mouth thundered the "No" of the
+"Maiden City" to the rough advances of James, in 1689, give the city a
+medi&aelig;val air that well accords with its monastic origin. For, let her
+citizens gild the bitter pill as they may, the cradle of Derry&mdash;the
+Rochelle of Irish Protestantism&mdash;was rocked by monks&mdash;aye, by monks in
+as close communion with Rome as are the dread Jesuits to-day.</p>
+
+<p>Fourteen hundred years ago the Foyle flowed on to mingle its waters with
+ocean as calmly as it does to-day, but its peaceful bosom reflected a
+far different scene. Then the fair, fresh face of nature was unsullied
+by the hand of man. "The tides flowed round the hill which was of an
+oval form, and rose 119 feet above the level of the sea, thus forming an
+island of about 200 acres."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> A Daire or oak grove spread its leafy
+shade over the whole, and gave shelter to the red deer and an unceasing
+choir of little songsters. It was called in the language of the time
+"Daire-Calgachi." The first part of the name in the modern form of
+Derry, still remains&mdash;though now the stately rows of oak have given way
+to the streets of a busy city, and the smoke of numerous factories
+clouds the atmosphere.</p>
+
+<p>One day, in the early part of 546, there visited the grove, in company
+with the local chieftain, a youth named Columba, a scion of the royal
+race of the O'Donnells. He was captivated by its beauty. It seemed the
+very spot for the monastery he was anxious to establish. He was only a
+deacon; but the fame of his sanctity had already filled the land, and
+the princes of his family were ever urging him to found a monastery
+whose monks, they hoped, would reflect his virtues and increase the
+faith and piety of their clan. This seemed the very spot for such an
+establishment. The neighborhood of the royal fortress of Aileach, that</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">"Sits evermore like a queen on her throne</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And smiles on the valleys of green Innishowen,"</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>promised security; the river an unfailing supply of fish; the woods
+material to build with; and, better than all, the lord of the district
+was his cousin Ainmire, from whom Columba had only to ask to receive. He
+did ask the island for God, and his request was joyfully complied with.</p>
+
+<p>It was just three years after the deacon-abbot of Monte Casino had
+passed to his reward, that the young Irish deacon began his monastery.
+To erect monastic buildings in those days was a work of very little
+labor. A wooden church, destined in the course of time to give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> place to
+a more durable edifice&mdash;the seat of a bishopric&mdash;was first erected. Then
+the cells of the monks were put up. They were of circular form and of
+the simplest construction. A stout post was firmly planted in what was
+to be the centre, and a number of slighter poles were then placed at
+equal distances round it. The interstices&mdash;space however having been
+left for a door&mdash;were filled up with willow or hazel saplings in the
+form of basketwork. From the outer poles rafters sprang to the
+centre-posts, and across them were laid rows of laths over which a fibry
+web of sod was thrown, and the whole thatched with straw or rushes. The
+inside of the wall was lined with moss&mdash;the outside plastered with soft
+clay. A rough wooden bed&mdash;and in the case of Columba himself and many of
+his monks&mdash;a stone pillow, a polaire or leathern satchel for holding
+books, a writing-desk and seat, formed the furniture of this rude cell,
+which was the ordinary dwelling of monk and student during the golden
+age of the Irish Church.</p>
+
+<p>Only a few weeks elapsed from the time that the first tree was felled
+till the new community, or rather order, took up their abode in it, and
+the swelling strain of their vespers was borne down the Lough by the
+rippling breeze and echoed by the religious, whose convents, presided
+over by SS. Frigidian and Cardens sentinelled the mouth of the Lough at
+Moville and Coleraine. The habit of these monks&mdash;similar to that of Iona
+and Lindisfarne, consisted of "<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>the cowl&mdash;of coarse texture, made of
+wool, retaining its natural color and the tunic, or under habit, which
+was also white. If the weather was particularly severe an amphibalus, or
+double mantle, was permitted. When engaged at work on the farm the
+brethern wore sandals which were not used within the monastery."</p>
+
+<p>Though their time was mainly devoted to prayer, meditation and the
+various other religious exercises, yet their rule made them apply every
+spare moment to copying and illuminating MSS. or some other kind of
+manual or intellectual labor, according as their strength and talents
+permitted. By this, people were attracted to the spot. Houses sprang up
+in the neighborhood of the monastery, that continually increasing in
+number, at length grew into a city, just as from a similar monastic germ
+have sprung nearly all the great German cities.</p>
+
+<p>Columba in the busy years that elapsed between 546 and his final
+departure from Ireland in 563, looked upon Derry as his home. It was his
+first and dearest monastery. It was in his own Tyrconnell, but a few
+miles from that home by Lough Gartan, where he first saw the light, and
+from his foster home amid the mountains of Kilmacrenan, that, rising
+with their green belts of trees and purple mantles of heather over the
+valleys, seemed like huge festoons hung from the blue-patched horizon.
+Then the very air was redolent of sanctity. If he turned to the south,
+the warm breezes that swayed his cowl reminded him that away behind
+those wooded hills in Ardstraw, prayed Eugene, destined to share with
+him the patronage of the diocese, and that farther up, St. Creggan,
+whose name the Presbyterian farmers unconsciously preserve in the
+designation of their townland, Magheracreggan, presided over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>
+Scarrabern, the daughter-house of Ardstraw. Then turning slowly
+northwards he would meet with the persons, or relics, of St. O'Heney in
+Banagher, St. Sura in Maghera, St. Martin in Desertmartin, St. Canice in
+Limavady, St. Goar in Aghadoey, St. Cardens in Coleraine, St. Frigidian
+in Moville, St. Comgell in Culdaff, St. McCartin in Donagh, St. Egneach
+in the wildly beautiful pass of Mamore, St. Mura in Fahan, and his own
+old teacher, St. Cruithnecan in Kilmacrenan. All these, and many others,
+whose names tradition but feebly echoes, were contemporary, or nearly
+so, with him; and with many of them, he was united in the warmest bonds
+of friendship,&mdash;a friendship that served to rivet him the more to Derry.
+Even the budding glories of Durrow and Kells could not draw him away
+from his "loved oak-grove;" and at length, when the time had come for
+him to go forth and plant the faith in a foreign land, it was the monks
+of Derry who received his last embrace ere he seated himself with his
+twelve companions, also monks of Derry, in his little osier coracle, and
+with tearful eyes watched his grove till the topmost leaf had sunk
+beneath the curving wave.</p>
+
+<p>When twenty-seven years after he visited his native land, as the deputy
+of an infant nation and the saviour of the bards, on whom, but for his
+kindly intercession, the hand of infuriated justice had heavily fallen,
+his first visit was to Derry. It was probably during this visit that he
+founded that church on the other side of the Foyle, whose ivy-clad walls
+and gravelled area the reader of "Thackeray's Sketch Book" may remember;
+but few know that it was wantonly demolished by Dr. Weston (1467-1484),
+the only Englishman who ever held the See of Derry; and "who," adds
+Colgan, "began out of the ruins to build a palace for himself, which the
+avenging hand of God did not allow him to complete."</p>
+
+<p>Columba's heart ever yearned to Derry. In one of his poems he tells us
+"how my boat would fly if its prow were turned to my Irish oak grove."
+And one day when "that grey eye, which ever turned to Erin," was gazing
+wistfully at the horizon, where Ireland ought to appear, his love for
+Derry found expression in a little poem, the English version of which I
+transcribed from Cardinal Moran's "Irish Saints."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Were the tribute of all Alba mine,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From its centre to its border,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I would prefer the sight of one cell</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In the middle of fair Derry.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"The reason I love Derry is</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For its quietness, for its purity;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Crowded full of heaven's angels,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Is every leaf of the oaks of Derry.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"My Derry, my little oak grove,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My abode and my little cell,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O eternal God in heaven above,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Woe be to him who violates it."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>With the same love that he himself had for his "little oak grove," he
+seems to have inspired the annalists of his race, for on turning over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
+the pages of the Four Masters, the eye is arrested by such entries as,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"1146, a violent tempest blew down sixty oaks in Derry-Columbkille."</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"1178, a storm prostrated one hundred and twenty oaks in Derry-Columbkille."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>These little tokens of reverence for the trees, which had been
+sanctified by his presence and love, show us how deep a root his memory
+had in the affections of the Donegal Franciscans, when they paused in
+their serious and compendious work to record every little accident that
+happened to his monastery. But, alas, all the protection that
+O'Donnell's clan might afford, all the fear that Columba's "Woe" might
+inspire, could not save his grove. Like many a similar one in Ireland,
+storms, and the destructive hand of man, have combined to blot it off
+the face of the landscape, and nothing now remains but the name.</p>
+
+<p>The monastery, too, shared the same fate. Burned by the Danes in 812,
+989, 997 and 1095, ph&oelig;nix-like it rose again from its ashes, each
+time in greater beauty. The church, after one of these burnings, was
+rebuilt of stone; and from its charred and blackened appearance after
+the next burning, received the name of Dubh-Regles or Black Church of
+the Abbey&mdash;a name by which in the Annals the monastery itself is often
+called.</p>
+
+<p>But Derry had other enemies than the Danes. In 1124 we find "Ardgar,
+Prince of Aileach, killed by the ecclesiastics of Doire-Columbkille in
+the defence of their church. His followers in revenge burned the town
+and churches." The then abbot was St. Gelasius, who, after presiding
+sixteen years over the monastery, which he had entered a novice in early
+youth, was, in 1137, raised to the Primatial See of Armagh; and dying in
+1174, nearly closes the long calendar of Irish Saints. The first year of
+his abbacy (1121) had been marked by the death in the monastery of
+"Domwald Magloughlin Ardrigh of Erin, a generous prince, charitable to
+the poor and liberal to the rich, who, feeling his end approaching, had
+withdrawn thither,"&mdash;a fact which shows the great veneration in which
+this monastery was held.</p>
+
+<p>The name of the next abbot, Flathbert O'Brolcan, or Bradley, is one of
+the brightest in the Annals of Derry. He was greatly distinguished for
+his sanctity and learning, but still more for his administrative
+abilities. As abbot of Derry he was present at the Synod of Kells in
+1152. Six years after, at the Synod of Brightaig (near Trim, county
+Meath), a continuation or prorogation of that of Kells, Derry was
+created an Episcopal See and Flathbert appointed its first bishop. A
+much more honorable distinction was given him, when by the same synod,
+he was appointed "prefect general of all the abbeys of Ireland," an
+appointment which must probably be limited to the Columbian Abbeys,
+which were at the time very numerous. Some idea of the wealth and power
+of the Columbian order may be gathered from the records that the Masters
+have given us of Flathbert's visitations. "In 1150 he visited Tireoghain
+(Tyrone), and obtained a horse from every chieftain; a cow from every
+two biataghs; a cow from every three freeholders; a cow from every four
+villeins; and twenty cows from the king himself; a gold ring of five
+ounces, his horse and battle-dregs from the son of O'Lochlain, king of
+Ireland." "In 1153 he visited Down and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> Antrim and got a horse from
+every chieftain; a sheep from every hearth; a horse and five cows from
+O'Dunlevy, and an ounce of gold from his wife." And in 1161 he visited
+Ossory, and "in lieu of the tribute of seven score oxen due to him,
+accepted four hundred and twenty ounces of pure silver."</p>
+
+<p>But though thus honored by the hierarchy and people, enemies were not
+wanting to him. In 1144 the monastery had been burned and hostile clouds
+were again gathering round it, when in 1163 Flathbert erected a cashel
+or series of earthen fortifications, which baffled for a time the enmity
+of the plunderer. A passing calm was thus assured him, of which he took
+advantage, in 1164, to commence the building of his Cathedral, called in
+Irish "Teampull-mor," a name which one of the city parishes still
+retains. But the times were troublous, and hardly was the Cathedral
+finished than we find in 1166 "O'More burning Derry as far as the church
+Dubh-Regles."</p>
+
+<p>In 1175, on the death of their abbot the monks of Iona elected
+Flathbert; but he felt that the shadows of death were gathering round
+him, and he would not leave his own monastery of Derry. He died the same
+year, and "was buried in the monastery, leaving a great reputation for
+wisdom and liberality;" but before his death he had the pleasure of
+knowing that "1175, Donough O'Carolan perfected a treaty of friendship
+with the abbey and town, and gave to the abbey a betagh townland of
+Donoughmore and certain duties."</p>
+
+<p>Some years before his death Flathbert had resigned the See of Derry in
+favor of Dr. Muredach O'Coffey,<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> who, having been consecrated bishop
+of Ardstraw had, in 1150, transferred that See to Maghera or Rathlure,
+thus uniting Ardstraw and Rathlure. His accession to Derry joined the
+three into one, to which under Dr. O'Carolan in the next century,
+Innishowen was added, thus forming the modern diocese.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. O'Coffey took up his residence in the abbey where, on the 10th of
+February, 1173, he breathed his last. Archdall in his Monasticon calls
+him "St. Muredach;" but the old Annalists content themselves with saying
+that "he was the sun of science, the precious stone and resplendent gem
+of knowledge, the bright star and rich treasury of learning; and as in
+charity so, too, was he powerful in pilgrimage and prayer." The Masters
+add that "a great miracle was performed on the night of his death; the
+dark night was illumined from midnight to day-break; and the neighboring
+parts of the world which were visible were in one blaze of light; and
+all persons arose from their beds imagining it was day."</p>
+
+<p>But I must now hasten to the end, for there is little in the history of
+the next four centuries over which one loves to linger. The story it
+tells is the old one of robberies and murders and burnings. It records
+the first rumblings of that storm so soon to break over that land and
+make of our island a vast coliseum, drenching it with the blood of
+martyrs. I have often thought what a pang it must have cost the heart of
+Brother Michael Oblery to pen such entries as these:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"1195, Rury, son of Dunlere, chief of Ulidia, plunders
+Derry-Columbkille with an English force."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"1197, Sir John De Courcy plunders the abbey of Derry."</p>
+
+<p>"1198, Sir John De Courcy again plunders Derry abbey."</p></div>
+
+<p>How his eyes must have filled as he glanced in memory over the long tale
+of his country's sufferings, on the record of which he was about to
+enter. 'Twas bad enough to see the Dane lay sacrilegious hands on the
+sacred vessels; but it was worse still to behold one's fellow-Catholic
+apply the robber's torch to the church of God where, perhaps, at that
+very moment our Lord himself lay hid under the sacramental veils. Yet
+these were the men who, from the Loire to the Jordan had fought the
+church's battle so gallantly,&mdash;whose countrymen would only hold the
+Calabrian kingdom, that their lances had purchased so dearly, as vassals
+of the Pope,&mdash;the very men who themselves were studding the Pale with
+those architectural gems, of which the ruins of Dunbrody and its sister
+abbeys still speak so eloquently. It was a strange fancy that made them
+tumble the Irish monastery to-day, and lay the foundation of an
+Anglo-Irish one to-morrow. Yet so it was; for in the charters of many of
+those monasteries, in which, it was enacted in 1380, that no mere
+Irishman should be allowed to take vows, the name of John De Courcy is
+entered as founder or benefactor. One hardly knows whether to condemn
+him for destroying Columba's favorite abbey, or praise him for the
+solicitude he expresses in his letter to the Pope for the proper
+preservation of Columba's relics. The acts of the man and his nation are
+so contradictory, that the only reasonable conclusion we can draw from
+them is the practical one, never again to wonder that the faith of such
+men withered at the first blast of persecution.</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless, the monastery survived these attacks; for in the early
+part of the fifteenth century, we find the then abbot of Derry
+negotiating a peace between the English and O'Donnell. But in its
+subsequent annals nothing more than the mere date of an inmate's death
+meets us till we come to the great catastrophe, which ended at once the
+monastery and order of Columba. Cox thus tells the story: "Colonel
+Saintlow succeeded Randolph in the command of the garrison and lived as
+quietly as could be desired, for the rebels were so daunted by the
+former defeat that they did not dare to make any new attempt; but
+unluckily on the 24th of April, 1566, the ammunition took fire and blew
+up the town and fort of Derry, so that the soldiers were obliged to
+embark for Dublin."<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> "This disaster was regarded at the time as a
+divine chastisement for the profanation of St. Columba's church and
+cell, the latter being used by the heretical soldiery as a repository of
+ammunition, while the former was defiled by their profane worship."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">J. McH.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p>An actor once delivered a letter of introduction to a manager, which
+described him as an actor of great merit, and concluded: "He plays
+Virginius, Richelieu, Hamlet, Shylock, and billiards. He plays billiards
+the best."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Penitent_on_the_Cross" id="The_Penitent_on_the_Cross"></a>The Penitent on the Cross.</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Few deeds of guilt are strangers to my eyes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">These hands of mine have wrought full share of sin,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My very heart seemed steeled to pity's cries:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Whence then this thought that melts my soul within?</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What is there in that Form that moves me so?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">So sweet a victim ne'er mine eyes beheld;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That beauteous face, that majesty of woe,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That hidden something from my sight withheld.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cease thou at least, nor join the mocking throng,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Thou heartless sharer in our common doom!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Just meed for us, but He hath done no wrong;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">All seems so strange&mdash;what means the gathering gloom?</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That lonely mother, there oppressed with woe,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">O'erheard me now I saw her raise her eyes;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To bless me&mdash;and with clasping hands as though</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">She craved a something, through the darkening skies.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hear how the priests discuss with mocking scorn</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The triple scroll above His crown&egrave;d head.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Jesus of Nazareth," the lowly born;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"King of the Jews," in Royal David's stead.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah, me; but I have heard that name of old</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">From waylaid victims in my outlaw den.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They won me from fell purpose as they told</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">His deeds of love and wonder amongst men.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They told me how the sea in billows dashed</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Became as marble smooth beneath His feet;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">How He rebuked the winds to fury lashed,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And they were hushed to murmurs low and sweet.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He, then it was that gave the blind their sight,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And made the palsied leap with bounding tread;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And as you'd wake the sleeping in the night</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">From even their sleep awoke the slumbering dead.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oh, Master, had I known Thee in those days,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Fain might I too have followed Thee as Friend;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But then I was an outlaw by the ways,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And now 'tis late&mdash;my days are at an end.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"No, not too late." Oh, God! whose is that voice</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That sounds within me such a heavenly strain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And makes my being to its depths rejoice</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As if it felt creation's touch again?</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What is that light, that glorious light which brings</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Such wondrous knowledge of things all unseen,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And yet wherein I see fair, far-off things</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To mortal vision hid, however keen.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And centred in that flood of golden light,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">One truth that catches all its scattered beams&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Illumed above the rest so fair, so bright:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">It is thy God whose blood beside thee streams.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oh, God of glory! hear the outlaw's prayer,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And in Thy home but kindly think of me;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I dare but ask to be remembered there,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Nor heaven I seek, but to be loved by Thee.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From off the Cross whereon the Saviour hung</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Fell on his ears response of wondrous love,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">More sweet than though the cherubim had sung</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The sweetest songs they sing in heaven above.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Yes, loved but not remembered thou shalt be&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The absent only may remembrance claim&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But in my kingdom thou shalt dwell with me,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Companion of my glory as my shame.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Amen, amen, I say to thee that thou,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Ere yet another day illume the skies,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With crown unlike to this that binds my brow</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Shalt share the glories of my paradise.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">F. E. Emon.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Celt_in_America" id="The_Celt_in_America"></a>The Celt in America.</h2>
+
+<p>It is the common delusion of our day that Americans as a people are of
+Anglo-Saxon lineage. This has been said and reiterated, until it
+descends into the lowest depths of sycophancy and utter folly. It is
+false in fact, for above all other claimants, that of the Celt is by far
+the best. Glancing back to our primeval history, we find the Kelt to be
+the centre-figure of its legends and traditions. We are told by an old
+chronicle, that Brendan, an Irishman, discovered this continent about
+550 A. D., and named it Irland-Kir-Mikla, or Great Eire; this is
+corroborated by the Scandinavians. Iceland was settled in the sixth
+century by Irish, and when the Norsemen settled there, they found the
+remains of an Irish civilization in churches, ruins, crosses and urns:
+thus, it is not at all improbable that the Celts of those islands sent
+out exploring parties who discovered for the first time the American
+continent. Passing over the myths and legends of that curious and quaint
+era, let us read the pages of authentic American history.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On that memorable October day, when the caravels of Columbus came to
+anchor in the New World, the Celt acted well his part in that great
+drama. He who first reached land, from the ships of Columbus, was a
+Patrick Maguiras, an Irishman. Columbus in his second voyage had on
+board an Irish priest, Father Boyle, and several of his crew were Celts.
+In the early discoveries and settlements the Kelt was ever in the van of
+the pioneers of Western civilization; he explored rivers, bays, and
+forests, while the Anglo-Saxon scarce tread on American soil until the
+close of the sixteenth century. The first gateway to civilization for
+the West, was made by priests from France, among whom were many Irish
+missionaries, who were forced to fly their native land and seek shelter
+elsewhere. St. Augustine and New Mexico were founded by the Spaniards
+long before a cabin was built in Jamestown, and the Spanish and French
+sovereigns ruled numerous flourishing dependencies in the New World ere
+the English Pilgrims had seen Plymouth. The Anglo-Saxons, then, were not
+so forward in explorations and discoveries as their neighbors, the Celts
+and Latins. Review the epoch of the colonial development, and we find
+that the Celt surpasses the Saxon.</p>
+
+<p>The Huguenots fled from France; the Scotchman left his native heather to
+escape despotism; the Irishman exiled from his patrimony sought a home
+in the American wilds. Many a Spaniard made his Nova Iberia in the
+South, and the log-cabins of the French pioneers dotted the
+north-western wilderness. The Swedes founded Delaware, and New York was
+created by the stolid Dutch. The Moravians and the Welsh came hither
+likewise; the Puritans fled Merry England and Quakers sought religious
+freedom in America; but the great body of the English people believing
+in the State and the religion of their sovereign, had no desire to risk
+fortune here, especially when the laws were made for their benefit even
+if at the expense of the colonists. Thus, with exceptions of the Quaker
+and the Puritan, some few Cavaliers and the paupers, the great body of
+the Anglo-Saxon people remained at home. In American colonization,
+Anglo-Saxonism was but a drop in the bucket. Among all the famous
+thirteen colonies there was not one settled by Saxons exclusively; and
+in all of the colonies the Celt predominated. The Puritans when they
+founded Massachusetts, rigorously excluded all who differed from them;
+nevertheless the Celt waxed strong in New England. "It was," says
+Hawthorne, "no uncommon thing in those days to see an
+advertisement in the colonial paper, of the
+arrival of fresh Irish slaves and potatoes." Bunker Hill itself was
+named after a knoll in county Antrim. Faneuil Hall was the gift of a
+Celt, and the plan of it was drawn by Berkeley, the Irish philosopher,
+who said prophetically,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Westward the course of empire takes its way;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The four first acts already past,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A fifth shall close the drama with the day;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Time's noblest empire is the last."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The Boston Irish Charitable Society was organized near a century and a
+half ago, and the first paper mill in Massachusetts was built by a Celt
+named Thomas Smith. The names of Belfast, Londonderry,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> Ulster, Sullivan
+and Bangor show the nationality of their settlers. The founders of the
+Empire State were Teutons; but when it passed to the English realm,
+James II. sent over as Governor, Colonel Dongan, an Irishman. This
+Governor during his term of office, brought over large numbers of Irish
+emigrants. Pennsylvania was the most Keltic of the colonies. The first
+daily paper in the United States was founded by John Dunlap, an
+Irishman. So great was Celtic emigration to this State that in one year
+(1729) there came to Pennsylvania no fewer than 6,208 persons, of whom
+242 were Germans, 247 English, and 5,653 Irishmen. So numerous were
+Celts that Washington once said, "Put me in Rockbridge County, and I'll
+find men enough to save the Revolution." In Maryland it was the same.
+The first ship that sailed into Baltimore was Irish, though the
+figure-head, Cecil Calvert, was English; but the town from which he
+derived his title, and after which the metropolis of Maryland is named,
+is in Galway, Ireland. In the Old Dominion, the first settlers were in
+good part English. The Scotch and Welsh were very powerful, and the
+Irish were very numerous. The impress if the Celts in Virginia is seen
+in Carroll and Logan counties, Lynchburg, Burkesville, Brucktown and
+Wheeling.</p>
+
+<p>In 1652, Cromwell recommended that Irishwomen be sold to merchants, and
+shipped to New England and Virginia, there to be sold as wives to the
+colonists. A manuscript of Dr. Lingard's puts the number sold, at about
+60,000; Brondin, a contemporary, places the number at 100,000. The names
+of these women have become anglicized, for the English law forbade the
+Irish to have an Irish name, and commanded them to assume English names.
+North Carolina was settled mainly by the Scotch and Welsh, with English
+and Irish additions. So was Georgia. In South Carolina the Irish
+predominated. "Of all the countries," says the historian of South
+Carolina, "none has furnished this province with so many inhabitants as
+Ireland. Scarce a ship leaves any of its ports for Charleston that is
+not crowded with men, women, and children." So much for the so-called
+English colonies. Among the foremost of distinguished men in the
+colonial times were the Celts. The first man elected to an office, not
+appointed by the Crown, was James Moore, Governor of North Carolina.
+James Logan, the successor of Penn, and William Thompson, were both
+Celts. Let us glance at the Revolution; it is in this struggle that the
+Celt was covered with glory; and either on the field or in the forum he
+was always in the van. The Celts of Mecklenburg made a declaration of
+freedom over a year before the Declaration of Independence was made.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, was of
+Welsh ancestry, and thus a Celt. John Hancock inherited Celtic blood
+from his mother, Nora O'Flaherty. Behold the array of Celts who signed
+the Declaration in 1776: Carroll, Thornton, McKean, Rutledge, Lewis,
+Hart, Lynch, Jefferson and Reed. A merchant of Philadelphia, John Nixon,
+first read to the people that immortal paper. Charles Thompson, Thomas
+McHenry and Patrick Henry, the Demosthenes of the Revolution, were
+Celts. The poetry of the loyal English writers afford abundant proof of
+the influence and numbers of the Celts in those days. The first blow for
+Independence was struck by James<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> Sullivan of New Hampshire, and the
+first blow on sea was struck by Jeremiah O'Brien, of Machias, Maine. A
+Celt, Thomas Cargill, of Ballyshannon, saved the records of Concord when
+the British soldiery went out from Boston to destroy the military stores
+in Middlesex. Nor was it in the opening scenes alone that the Celts were
+prominent; but from the death of McClary on Bunker Hill, to the close of
+the war, they fought with a vigor and bravery unsurpassed. Who charged
+through the snowdrifts around Quebec but Montgomery, a Celt.</p>
+
+<p>Who fought so bravely at Brandywine? at Bemis's Heights, who saved the
+day but Morgan's Irish Rifles. Was it not mad Anthony Wayne, a Celt, who
+won Stony Point? General Sullivan, a Celt, avenged the Wyoming Massacre.
+General Hand, a Celt, first routed the Hessians. The hero of Bennington
+was a Celt, General Stark; so were Generals Conway, Knox, Greene, Lewis,
+Brigadier Generals Moore, Fitzgerald, Hogan, Colonels Moylan and Butler.
+In fact, American annals are so replete with trophies of Celtic valor
+that it would be vain to narrate them all.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"A hundred battlefields attest, a hundred victories show,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">How well at liberty's behest they fought our country's foe."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The only society that ever had the honor of enrolling the name of
+Washington among its members was the Friendly Knights of St. Patrick. It
+is an incident worthy of remark that at Yorktown it was a Celt, General
+O'Hara, who gave to America the symbol of England's final defeat. When
+the war of the Revolution was ended the Celt laid aside the sword to
+engage in the arts of peace and build up the industries of the country.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty Irish merchants subscribed $500,000 to pay the soldiers, and they
+aided in every possible way the young and weak government. Then the
+Celtic statesmen rose to view Hamilton, Jefferson, Gov. Sullivan of New
+Hampshire, Gov. Sullivan of Massachusetts, De Witt Clinton of New York,
+John Armstrong, jr., of Pennsylvania, Calhoun, Louis McLane and George
+Campbell. Since those days the numbers and influence of the Celts has
+been constantly increasing, and were it not for the sturdy Scotchman,
+the Welshman, and Irishman our nation would still be a conjury of the
+future. On the battlefield Grant, Meade, McClellan, Scott, Sheridan,
+McDowell, Shields, Butler, McCook, McPherson, Kearney, Stonewall
+Jackson, McClernand, Rowan, Corcoran, Porter, Claiborne and Logan show
+the valor of the Celt. Jones, Barry, Decatur, McDonough, Stewart and
+Blakely are the ideals of the American sailor. Morse, McCormack, Fulton
+are among our greatest inventors. Jackson, Pierce, Buchanan, Wilson,
+Cameron, Douglas, Blaine, Arthur and Hill are our Celtic statesmen.
+Charles O'Conor, McVeagh, Stuart, Black, Campbell, McKinley, McLean,
+Rutledge are our greatest jurists. Poe, Greeley, Shea, Baker, Savage,
+England, Hughes, Spalding, O'Rielly, Barrett, Purcell, Keene,
+McCullough, Boucicault, Bennett, Connery and Jones are Celts, names
+famous in journalism, religion, literature and drama. The Celt, in the
+words of Henry Clay, are "bone of our bone" and "flesh of our flesh,"
+thus acknowledging him to be part and parcel of our nation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Let us leave the flowery field of rhetoric and strike the hard pan of
+statistics. The official census of 1870 numbers the Celts at 24,000,000,
+the Saxons at 5,000,000, and the whole population at 38,500,000. In
+proportion the Celts were five-eighths and the Saxons one-eighth of the
+people of the country, two-eighths being of other origin. There are now
+50,000,000 inhabitants, of which (20,000,000 are Irish-Americans)
+five-eighths are Celts who number 32,500,000, and one-eighth Saxon, or
+7,000,000, and the residue being filled with other races. Thus we see
+that in numbers the nation is Celtic or nearly so. Let not national
+vanity or prejudice of race assert itself too strongly, for here came
+all to obtain their just and lawful liberty.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Worcester, Mass.</span></p>
+<p class="author"><span class="smcap">J. Sullivan.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Southern_Sketches" id="Southern_Sketches"></a>Southern Sketches.</h2>
+
+<h3>XVII.</h3>
+
+<h4>IN HAVANA, CUBA.&mdash;DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY, ITS PEOPLE, CHURCHES AND
+CIVIL INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+
+
+<p>On approaching the Isle of Cuba, the sight of this queen of the Antilles
+seemed like the realization of some beautiful Eastern dream. As our
+vessel neared the verdant, palm-clad hills, our party were caressed by
+warm, odorous breezes. The softest of blue skies looked down upon us,
+and we gazed on the smoothest and clearest of seas. No wonder that the
+brave and holy Columbus, with his crew, should feel transported with joy
+at the sight of the tropical isles on which they first set foot. The
+poetic effect of the scenes then viewed must have been greatly increased
+by the appearance of the native Indians, whose costumes and wild graces
+were so strange to European eyes.</p>
+
+<p>Richly painted boats filled with gay, chattering Cubans moved briskly
+over the waters as we neared the entrance to the harbor. A beautiful
+picture now appeared before us. It seemed as if enchanted palaces,
+gardens, castles and towers had suddenly issued from the depths of the
+green, transparent waves. Nearly every building had a peculiarly
+exquisite tint, and all were flooded and enriched with the mellow,
+tropical sunlight. Fort Morro, to the left, beetled over the waves like
+some sombre and impregnable defence of the Middle Ages. Its golden-brown
+and colossal walls sprung like a master-piece of feudal art from the
+dark, wave-washed, slippery rocks below. The tall, slender light-house
+connected with it greatly added to its attractions. Soldiers in bright
+uniforms paced to and fro on the ramparts, while the flag of old Spain,
+with its mingled hues of blood and gold, floated proudly above the
+battlements. The harbor was narrow at the entrance and widened further
+on, appearing in shape like the palm of one's hand. I felt so dazzled
+with the splendors around me, that I could not grasp at once the
+beauties of individual objects.</p>
+
+<p>Opposite Fort Morro stood El Castillo de La Punta, an older, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
+smaller defence erected by Philip II., in 1589. Immediately behind the
+Morro, Fort La Cahanas spread away for nearly half a mile on the top of
+a picturesque range of hills. This is one of the largest forts in the
+world, and cost (as I was informed) thirty million dollars. When the
+King of Spain heard of its vast price, he took his telescope at once,
+and told his courtiers that so expensive a building ought to be plainly
+seen from the top of his Madrid palace. White-stoned cottages lined the
+waters to the left, and decorated the slopes of the hills, which were
+full of cacti, century plants and thousands of other floral beauties.
+Everything around us reflected the poetry of color and motion. The great
+walls of the prison (el Carcel) appeared at the rear of the Punta, and
+the hoary, weather-stained walls and towers of the cathedral were
+conspicuous amid the many highly-colored houses of the city. The sight
+of this strange and picturesquely colored town made me feel like
+visiting the queer and lovely old Moorish cities of Spain, so charmingly
+described by Washington Irving.</p>
+
+<p>Havana has two quarters, the <i>intramural</i> and the <i>extramural</i>; the
+former lies along the bay. It has the narrowest streets and the oldest
+buildings, dim, dusty, but poetic. The latter quarter spreads along the
+ocean, and has the newest structures and widest streets, adorned with
+palm and Indian laurel trees. The contrast from the moving ship appeared
+very fine, and the glowing panorama was enriched by the presence of
+stately men-of-war and merchant vessels from the United States, France,
+Spain, Italy and other nations. Every mast, spar, flag and rope was
+reflected on the dazzling waters. Through the vast collection of masts,
+golden vistas were seen up the bay. Lovely isles and emerald shores
+presented their wealth of waving palms, bananas, and tropical growths.
+The fact of the thermometer being up to eighty degrees on this February
+morning added immensely to the sense of enjoyment derived from these
+luxuriant scenes. The booming of cannon from the Morro, the sound of
+trumpets calling soldiers to their posts, and the whistling, laughing
+and shouting of boatmen contributed no little interest to the picture.
+Numerous boats sped here and there over the bay as our vessel anchored
+in the basin outside the custom-house. Each one had some lively Cuban
+boatmen and messengers from hotels, who came to row passengers to shore,
+and solicit patronage for particular houses. The whole scene presented a
+most animated picture, and the green, red, blue and yellow boats, with
+the white-dressed, broad-hatted, dark-eyed occupants looked uncommonly
+grand. When the health-officer came on board, each person was inspected
+as to his sanitary condition, and then left to excited crowds, who
+delivered their solicitations for patronage in excellent Spanish mixed
+with a little broken English. Cards, bearing pictures of "the Hotel de
+San Carlos," "El Teleprafo," "Hotel de Inglaterra," "de Europa," and
+others were tossed rather than handed to us by white-clad characters who
+thronged the decks. Among the smaller brown-faced, curly-headed boatmen
+were some lithe and powerful Cubans dressed in simple white shirt and
+pants, blue neck-ties and Panama hats. Having agreed with one of these
+to go from the vessel to the city at the rate of fifty cents apiece in
+gold, our party passed down the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> companion-ladder and entered a
+well-built bumboat, painted in green, blue and yellow, adorned with
+carpets, cushions, one sail and a gorgeous awning. The soft, tropical
+sun shone down on this poetical scene, and as the powerful arms of the
+oarsmen propelled the boat, the breezes played over us and the green
+waters.</p>
+
+<p>On embarking at the custom-house, an unpretending wooden structure, our
+luggage was carefully overhauled by a courteous officer, attired in
+spotless, light-blue linen. Passing through the building I emerged on
+the street where crowds of negroes, Cuban and foreigners were engaged in
+smoking, chatting, and watching the newly-arrived travellers. Numerous
+coaches were drawn up in this neighborhood, and a person could visit any
+part of the city in one of them for a trifling sum. The Hotel de Europa,
+where I intended to stay, was only a few minutes' walk from the
+custom-house, and was delightfully situated on the Plaza de St.
+Francisco, facing the bay.</p>
+
+<p>The first sight of Havana reveals to the United States visitor, who
+never saw a Spanish city, a style of architecture, habits and scenes
+entirely characteristic of Spain. The streets through which I passed
+were but wide enough for one vehicle; the sidewalks could only
+accommodate one foot passenger, and the houses, usually of one story,
+were built of stone as thick, solid and gloomy looking as fortresses. On
+my way I noticed that the windows had no glass, but were as large as
+doors, fortified within by iron bars like those of a prison, and
+additionally defended by heavy, wooden shutters generally painted green.
+The shops were on a level with the pavement, and their rich and rare
+collection of goods were all exposed to the view of the public. Awnings
+now and then extended overhead across the street. Now some darkies and
+Chinamen moved along bearing big burthens on their heads, and announcing
+their wares in loud tones in the Spanish language. These were followed
+by what appeared to me to be mysterious moving stalks of corn. As the
+latter came nearer, the heads and legs of donkeys were seen amidst the
+green mass. Then came a Cuban chicken vender from the country, with a
+great big hat and blue shirt, leading his mule by the reins, while the
+panniers on each side of the animal's back were filled with live fowl.
+Immense wagons, laden with hogsheads of sugar and molasses, rattled over
+the rough pavements as they were drawn by huge oxen, that were steered
+by stout ropes, which were cruelly passed through their nostrils. I was
+not a little surprised to see three or four cows walking silently on and
+stopping at the doors of the houses to be milked before the public.
+Customers need have no fears that any adulteration could take place on
+such occasions, as the liquid comes from the pure and natural fountain
+right before their eyes. Two old sailors, each minus an arm, were
+singing patriotic songs and the signors, signoras and signoritas who
+listened to them at the doors and balconies, seemed thrilled with
+delight, at the musical recital of the grand victories of old Spain.
+Peddlers moved along with an immense heap of miscellaneous wares fixed
+in boxes on the backs of their mules. Tall, stately negresses, with
+long, trailing dresses, of flashy green and yellow, walked along quite
+independently, as at Key West, smoking cigars which in New York would
+cost twenty-five cents<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> a piece. One or two Cuban ladies hurried by,
+wearing satin slippers, silken dresses and mantillas of rich black lace.
+The Hotel de Europa, which I soon reached, is a large, plain, solid
+building adorned by a piazza, which runs along the second story, and by
+numerous little balconies higher up. It is a very well-managed
+institution, has an agreeable interpreter in its office, an excellent
+table, and on the hottest day a cool, refreshing breeze from the bay
+sweeps through the rooms. The office on the second story is reached by a
+large stone staircase. The house is built around a spacious courtyard,
+in the centre of which is a beautiful fountain, encircled by choice
+native flowers. The music of the fountain and the shade of the trees
+have a pleasing and cooling effect.</p>
+
+<p>After securing my room I was shown to it by a bright-eyed, garrulous
+Cuban youth named "Josepho," who was well acquainted with his own, but
+lamentably ignorant of the English language. He tried to compensate for
+this drawback by a copious and intelligent use of gesture. Josepho soon
+led me to my room, which stood at the end of a corridor, that was
+flanked on one side by the courtyard, and on the other by sleeping
+apartments. Two great jars, of Pompeian style, stood on a side-board
+outside the door, and were full of cold water. These were for the use of
+the guests on the corridor. When I entered my room I found it had a
+floor of red and yellow tiles, immense, thick rough rafters overhead,
+painted blue and white, an iron bedstead, a great chest of drawers, no
+carpet, and shutters as heavy and ponderous as those of some old
+European prison. Yet everything was pleasant and cool. The view from the
+window of the bay, forts, shipping and houses was very beautiful, and,
+surely, I had keener apprehension of it than the lazy mulateers, whom I
+saw sleeping in their ox-carts below on the square, their red-blue caps
+and white jackets flooded in sunshine. The visitors to Cuba need not
+expect the luxury of a feather bed or a mattress. Neither was visible in
+my room. The couch consisted of a piece of canvas tightly spread over
+the iron frame, and strongly attached to it. A single sheet constituted
+the only covering, and the stranger will find that the pillow, filled
+with the moss of the island is not at all too soft. The nights are so
+pleasant that Cuban hotel keepers think this amount of bed furniture
+quite sufficient.</p>
+
+<p>After a little rest, I decided that the famous Jesuit College, "De
+Belen," would be the first institution worth seeing. I went alone, and
+soon found it on the corner of Lutz and Compostilla Streets. A stranger
+cannot miss it, as it is one of the most formidable buildings in Havana.
+Though its style has something of the barbaric about it, yet it is
+chiefly so on account of its ruggedness, vastness and stern grandeur. It
+is built of stone, cemented and brown in color. The main arched entrance
+is very lofty, and on the steps as I passed by I noticed a gaunt,
+diseased and ragged negro, with outstretched arms soliciting alms. I
+rang the bell. A porter admitted me, and after asking for one of the
+priests in fair Spanish, I was conducted to a grand saloon up stairs and
+politely requested to await the arrival of Father Pinan who was
+conversant with English. The saloon was a magnificent apartment, about
+one hundred feet long by thirty wide. Its walls were adorned with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span>
+splendid paintings done by ancient masters, and all represented dear,
+religious scenes. The lofty white pillars and the blue mouldings of the
+saloon produced a charming effect. Several rows of rocking-chairs,
+placed in pairs so that those occupying them would face one another and
+converse freely, were in this saloon, as is the custom in all others in
+Cuba. As I was admiring the pictures Father Pinan entered, and at once
+welcomed me very cordially to the college. The news, from the States
+interested him, and he promised to give me all the information he could
+regarding the college. "Ah," said he, "it is good to hear that there are
+so many good Catholics and converts in the United States. I do hope that
+they will persevere earnestly."</p>
+
+<p>Father Pinan's frankness, intelligence and hospitality charmed and
+encouraged me. Passing from the saloon through a lofty arch, we entered
+the Museum of Natural History, which was very large and contained a
+splendid collection. Here I saw gorgeous stuffed birds from tropical
+lands, ostriches' eggs, skins of boas, the maha (a large, harmless
+snake), porcupines, sea bulls, flying fish, immense sword fish, jaws of
+enormous sharks, brilliant big butterflies from South America, and an
+immense sea cockroach caught by Spanish men-of-war and presented by a
+general of the navy. Very large sponges, natural crosses of white rock
+from Spain, splendid pearls, magnificent shells from the Pacific Ocean
+and Mediterranean Sea, ivory baskets and miniature churches from China,
+beautiful Oriental slippers, Chinese grapes and apples, royal green
+birds from Mexico, relics of Columbus from St. Domingo, fragments of the
+stone on which General Pizarro sat after his victories, cannon balls
+used by Cortez in his conquest of Mexico, dust from the streets of
+Naples, lava from Vesuvius, pebbles from Mount Ararat, fragments from
+the homes of the vestals of Pompeii, and some of the ruins of Ninevah.
+Here Father Pinan was obliged to take his leave to attend class, and his
+place was splendidly filled by Father Osoro, a young and engaging
+Spanish priest, who was passionately attached to the sciences of Natural
+History and Philosophy. He introduced me at once to the relics with the
+spirit of an enthusiast. He pointed out to me some of the remains of
+Babylon, grand illuminated copies of the Holy Bible and of the office of
+the Blessed Virgin, done on parchment by the monks in 1514, and
+handsomely embellished with gold. He showed me gifts from kings and
+princes of marvellous precious stones, opals, rubies, sapphires,
+diamonds, agates, amethysts, cups of agate, golden snuff-boxes, natural
+crosses in agate, skulls made into cases and pocket books, brilliant
+mosaics and rosaries of gold. Father Osoro directed my attention to the
+paper money of the French Revolution, of the Cuban (so-called) Republic
+and of St. Domingo. He showed me Roman, Spanish, Lusatanian, English,
+French, Belgian, Australian, German, Swedish, Danish, Chinese and
+Japanese coins. Here were immense stone earrings of Indians, mineral and
+geological relics of Guatamala, grand green crystals, teeth of
+antedeluvian beasts, fossils of various kinds, sulphur and iron ore of
+Cuba, and specimens of one hundred and eight different kinds of wood
+that grow on the island. I saw hundreds of other rare and lovely
+curiosities, but it would take a volume to describe all of them. Father
+Osoro next intro<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>duced me to the hall of Chemistry and Natural
+Philosophy, a fine room, full of all the modern instruments designed to
+practically illustrate the workings of these useful and interesting
+systems.</p>
+
+<p>From there we went to the refectory, which was capable of seating five
+hundred pupils. Everything here was remarkable for neatness, solidity
+and order. The dormitories, containing five hundred beds, were very
+lofty and airy. I saw handsome crucifixes in conspicuous places here,
+and holy pictures, also, all to remind the pupils of the spirit of
+devotion which they owed to God and his saints. We noticed men washing
+and ironing in the large laundry; no women were employed in the house.
+Here were several grand marble swimming basins for the boys, with large
+apparatuses for hot and cold water, splendid gymnasiums, forty or fifty
+feet long by thirty wide, with pillars painted sky blue, and supporting
+a magnificent ceiling. Swings, dumb-bells, Indian clubs and instruments
+for raising weights were strewn all over the sawdust floors. We passed
+by six court-yards adorned with statues, flowers, fountains and ponds
+full of gold fish. I noticed in front of the church entrance a large and
+splendid representation of the grotto of Lourdes made by one of the
+Jesuit Fathers. Two noble palm-trees which grew near the grotto, added
+greatly to its beauty. The exterior of the church was plain, but massive
+in its appearance, and the interior with its handsome marble floor,
+paintings, frescos and altars, formed a sight of no little interest to
+the stranger. Soft vermillion, pink, rosy and violet reflections from
+the stained glass windows filled the sacred edifice, and gave an
+exquisite coloring to the superb old pictures. On the right, a grand and
+costly crucifix looked down with life-like agony on the priests who were
+vesting in the sacristy. Enormous chests lined the walls of several
+rooms, and in those were stored gorgeous vestments, wonderfully
+beautiful in color and material, and enriched with gold and precious
+stones. Costly presents from kings and Spanish grandees were shown to me
+by the brother sacristan, who took an honest pride in exhibiting those
+blessed things. Magnificent society banners, used during processions on
+great festivals, were subjects of intense interest to the good brother.
+I saw lace albs there, with crotchet work marvellously executed by hand,
+and adorned with brilliants. Each of these cost $1,500. The chapel of
+St. Placidus, attached to the church is a perfect gem with its pillars
+of white and gold. While in Havana, I had the pleasure of saying Mass in
+the Jesuit Church. Other priests were celebrating at the same time, and
+a magnificent congregation of men and women attended. The music was
+exquisitely rendered, but I could not see how the people could continue
+standing and kneeling so patiently all the time. In this, as in the rest
+of the Cuban churches, there are but a few pews. The majority of the
+people, who bring neither seats nor cushions with them, stand, kneel, or
+sit on their heels at intervals. I do not think our Catholics in the
+United States could muster up sufficient courage to endure all this.</p>
+
+<p>After seeing the handsome, dark-eyed boys of the college, its fine
+library and other interesting apartments, I ascended with Father Osoro
+to look at the observatory en the top of the building.</p>
+
+<p>This solid and business-like structure possesses the newest and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> most
+complete astronomical and meteorological instruments, and the accuracy
+of the scientific results arrived at by the Fathers, has become justly
+celebrated. They received a manifestation of merit from the Centennial
+Exposition of '76, on account of their meteorological observations, and
+the Parisian Exhibition presented them with a magnificent medal. Father
+Benito Vines, the president, communicates regularly with Washington and
+nearly every civilized nation. After viewing the interior of the
+observatory, we came out on the roof, and here I beheld a novel and
+wonderfully lovely sight. Stone and brick walks, four or five feet wide,
+with railings at each side spread away, intersecting each other at
+different points, and all were above the dark, red-tiled roofs of the
+institution. Strong little edifices like watch towers, painted in blue
+and white, stood out prominently near the walks, and no sooner did the
+eye turn from these immediate objects, than it was dazzled by the superb
+panorama of city, ocean, bay, sky and woodland that spread before it.</p>
+
+<p>Father Osoro enjoyed the expressions of admiration that escaped me, as I
+gazed on the high and low roofs on every side, the black turrets, the
+walls of houses, red, green, blue, crimson, yellow, and white all
+mellowed by age. Down below us were the narrow streets, the iron-barred
+windows, the curious shops, verandas, balconies, flag staffs, flying
+pigeons, flowers blooming on the roofs, and bananas growing. Away to the
+north-east stood the grand Morro Castle, the sentinel of the harbor,
+with its frowning guns, and its grand, revolving light shining like a
+gem above the sea. Behind it, Fort Caba&ntilde;a looked long, bold and ancient,
+backed on the east by evergreen hills, and decorated on the south by
+palms and other tropical trees. The harbor, which glittered with
+sunlight, was full of ships, buoys, sail-boats, music and sailors. On
+this side of the bay appeared the old cathedral, with its dark gray
+walls and black and brown roof. Yellow pillars, old towers, picturesque
+wind-mills, brown iron stairs running up to the roofs of mansions,
+palaces, domes, cupolas, plants of great beauty in vases on roofs, and
+numerous old spires intervened. On the right, near the bay, could be
+seen the old church, de San Francisco (now a customs storehouse), the
+church de San Augustin, the church de Sancto Spiritu, and the palace of
+the admiral to the south, the church de Mercede, that of St. Paul, the
+arsenal, military hospital, gas houses, the Castello de Princepe, and
+the suburban gardens of the captain-general. On the north, we beheld the
+ocean, the Castello de Punta and the Casus de Benefecentia.
+The Campo de Marte, Parque de Isabella, the parade grounds, trees,
+statues, fountains and hotels appeared to the west. A refreshing breeze
+stirred an atmosphere of seventy-eight degrees, and not a particle of
+dust arose on street or house-top as the rain which fell on the
+preceding night made all things clean. I would have remained on the top
+of the college 'till dusk, contemplating that superb prospect, but I had
+no time, so bidding good-by to the kind Fathers I determined to see more
+of the city. Before leaving them, however, I could not help reflecting
+upon the immense amount of good which they were doing in Havana. Before
+the Liberals got hold of the Spanish government, the constitutional
+authority of the church in Cuba was not interfered with, but since the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>
+accession of Freemasons and Freethinkers to power, ecclesiastical
+property has suffered violence from the hands of the State, and the
+nomination and appointment of priests and bishops to place has been
+arrogantly wrested from those appointed by God to legislate in
+spirituals, and assumed by a class of irreligious despots. Though the
+State pays the clergy, still it owns the church property, and entirely
+cripples the power of the bishop, who cannot remove a bad and refractory
+priest, if it suits not the pleasure of the civil authorities. Such a
+state of things naturally caused some demoralization among the clergy,
+and, as a consequence, much religious indifference among the people.
+Societies like the Jesuits, who have been but a few years in Havana, are
+gradually removing pernicious influences like these by the learning,
+piety and zeal which they exhibit from the pulpit and among the people.
+Hundreds of men, as well as of women, are drawn to the sacraments by
+their persuasive eloquence and self-sacrificing, holy lives. The good
+work will continue and bear glorious fruit, if these noble men be not
+persecuted in Havana. My earnest hope is that the glorious influence of
+Catholic Spain will protect them from danger.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span class="smcap">Rev. M. W. Newman.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_Valiant_Soldier_of_the_Cross" id="A_Valiant_Soldier_of_the_Cross"></a>A Valiant Soldier of the Cross.</h2>
+
+<h4>By the Author of "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy."</h4>
+
+
+<p>In describing scenes over which mine eye has wandered, I have kept so
+faithfully to the land of the sun, where winter seldom or never leaves
+his icy footprints, that my discursive papers were not improperly styled
+"Southern Sketches." Yet other latitudes in America are not wholly
+unknown to me. Month after month have I gazed on the white monotony of
+unthawing snow. No one could admire more than I the chaste beauty of the
+feathery flakes, or the gorgeous sparkle of trees bereft of leaves and
+covered with crystals that flashed every hue of the rainbow. But even in
+this bright September day, with the mercury among the eighties, I get
+chilled through and through, and shake with the "shivers" when I imagine
+myself once more among the hard frosts of New Hampshire. Unlike the
+brave soldier of Christ whom I am about to introduce to the readers of
+the "Irish Monthly," and who found the heat of a short Northern summer
+simply "intolerable," the tropics and their environs rather allure me.
+True, soldiers and old residents speak of places between which and the
+lower regions there is but a sheet of non-combustible tissue paper.
+Nevertheless, the writer who has lived in both places would rather, as a
+matter of choice, summer in the Tropics than winter in New Hampshire.</p>
+
+<p>Though this State, in which my hero passed the greater part of his holy
+life, be the Switzerland of America, a grandly beautiful section, full
+of picturesque rivers, tall mountains, and dreamy-looking lakes,
+attracting more tourists than any other place in America save Niagara,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>
+yet I will pass over its stern and rugged scenery to write of a man
+whose titles to our admiration are wholly of the supernatural order.</p>
+
+<p>To me, the finest landscape is but a painted picture unless a human
+being enliven it. Just one fisherwoman on a sandy beach, or a lone
+shepherd on a bleak hill-side, and fancy can weave a drama of hope and
+love and beauty about either. Faith tells of a beautiful immortal soul
+imprisoned in forms gaunt and shrunken; a prayer that we may meet again
+in heaven surges up in my heart. The landscape is made alive for me in
+the twinkling of an eye, and stretches from this lower world to the
+better and brighter land above. Father MacDonald was for forty-one years
+the light of a manufacturing town. And when I think of its looms and
+spindles and fire-engines, and forests of tall, red chimneys, and tens
+of thousands of operatives, Father MacDonald is the figure which
+illumines for me the weird and grimy spectacle, and casts over it a halo
+of the supernatural. Little cared he for the sparkling rivers, or
+bewitching lakes, or romantic mountains of the Granite State; his whole
+interest was centred in souls.</p>
+
+<p>Some fifty years ago, Irish immigrants began to come timidly, and in
+small numbers, to the little manufacturing town of Manchester which
+rises on both sides of the laughing waters of the Merrimac. Here, in the
+heart of New Hampshire, one of the original thirteen States, and a
+stronghold of everything non-Catholic, these poor but industrious aliens
+knocked at the gates of the Puritan<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> for work. Strong and willing arms
+were wanted; and Bishop Fitzpatrick, of Boston, learning that some
+hundreds of Catholics working in the Manchester factories were sighing
+for the ministrations of a parish, sent Father MacDonald, in July, 1844,
+to take charge of their spiritual interests.</p>
+
+<p>William MacDonald was born in the county Leitrim, in 1813, being the
+youngest of a family of six sons and one daughter, whose parents were
+John MacDonald and Winifred Reynolds. The now aged daughter is the sole
+survivor of this large family. They were very strictly brought up by
+their virtuous, pious parents, and through long and chequered lines,
+were upright, honorable citizens, and thoroughly practical Catholics.
+Years ago, the writer was told that no descendant of Mr. and Mrs.
+MacDonald had ever seen the inside of a non-Catholic school. Charles and
+William became priests, the former emigrating when quite young. William
+attended the school of his native parish, where he received a solid
+rudimentary education, after which he pursued his classical studies in
+Dublin. In 1833, he joined his brother Charles, who was pastor of a
+church at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Father Charles died in
+his prime, with a high reputation for sanctity. William always carried
+about him a little Latin Imitation of Christ, which had also been the
+<i>vade mecum</i> of his beloved brother. The spiritual life of both was
+formed in that wonderful book, and Father William was wont to prescribe
+a suitable chapter in the same for every mental trouble, difficulty, or
+temptation referred to him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Father MacDonald's education was finished in the College of Three
+Rivers, Canada, under the Sulpician Fathers. After his ordination he
+exercised the ministry in several places till sent by the Bishop of
+Boston to Manchester. Here he found his co-religionists and countrymen
+regarded as Helots, and far more despised by Yankee and Puritan than the
+slaves in the South by their rulers. The Irish were denied the privilege
+of sidewalks, and obliged, in order to avoid perpetual quarrels, to walk
+in the middle of the streets. Wherever they appeared, they were hissed
+and hooted, and "blood-hounds of hell" was the affectionate epithet the
+ubiquitous small boy bestowed on them. Previous to Father MacDonald's
+arrival, Father Daly, whose parish included nearly all New Hampshire and
+Vermont, used to say Mass in Manchester with unfailing regularity every
+three months. On one of these occasions, the floor of the temporary
+chapel gave way, and priest, altar, and congregation, were precipitated
+into the cellar. Providentially, beyond a few bruises and abrasions, no
+one was injured. The previous day, the bigots having heard that Mass was
+to be said in the room, had cut the supports from under the floor.</p>
+
+<p>To these people, a priest was an object of hatred and scorn, whom they
+believed it would be a good work to kill, and Father MacDonald settled
+among them at the risk of his life. But when duty was in question, he
+knew not fear. <i>The servant is not greater than his master</i>, he would
+say: <i>If they have persecuted me they will persecute you also</i>. It was
+in vain they used every means their perverse ingenuity suggested to
+intimidate this dangerous papist. They even began to like him. Slowly
+but surely, he won his way among them, and within a year of his arrival
+he was able to hire the Granite Hall as a temporary chapel. In 1849, he
+built a church on a square purchased with his own patrimony, at the
+corner of Union and Merrimac Streets.</p>
+
+<p>Besides the theological virtues which the "natives" valued not, Father
+MacDonald possessed all the natural virtues which they pretend to
+canonize. He was most frugal. To great objects he would give royally,
+but it was doubtful if he ever wasted a dollar. He sought to live on as
+little as possible, but it was that he might have more for the needy. He
+was industrious; not a moment of his day was lost. For many years, he
+was one of the only two priests in the State; but when his parochial
+duties left him a little leisure, he was seen to handle the trowel and
+use the broom. He paid cash for everything he bought, and whoever worked
+for him received full pay on the day and hour agreed upon: no cutting
+down of rates. If they wished to give to the church, very well; but they
+must take their pay from him to the last farthing. He was neatness
+personified. The fresh complexion and fine physique common among his
+countrymen he did not possess. Barely reaching middle height, his spare
+form, sharp features, sallow complexion, and keen, spectacled eyes, made
+him look like a son of the soil. As for energy, no Yankee ever had more,
+or perhaps so much. Non-Catholics knew that his power over his flock was
+absolute. But they admitted that his wish, his word, and his work, were
+always on the side of order, sobriety, frugality, and good citizenship.</p>
+
+<p>When Father MacDonald's beautiful church was finished, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
+Know-Nothings, or Native American Party, by way of celebrating in a
+fitting manner the independence of the United States, burst upon the
+defenceless Catholics, July 4, tore down their houses, destroyed their
+furniture, dragged their sick out of bed into the streets, and finally
+riddled the beautiful stained glass windows of the church. For these
+damages no compensation was ever made. An Irishman having some dispute
+with a native, the latter seized a monkey-wrench that was near, and
+killed him. Father MacDonald asked for justice, but the officials
+refused to arrest the murderer. Through his wise counsels, the
+Catholics, though boiling with indignation, did not retaliate, and, as
+it takes two parties to make a fight, the Know-Nothing excitement having
+spent itself, soon subsided. But for years, the Irishmen of Manchester
+and their brave pastor had to take turns at night to guard the church
+buildings from sacrilegious hands.</p>
+
+<p>So far from being frightened at the lawlessness of the mob, Father
+MacDonald, at the height of the excitement, announced a daring project.
+He would bring nuns to Manchester, and he called a meeting of his
+parishioners to devise ways and means. But, for the first and last time,
+they strenuously opposed him. "It would be madness. They had frequently
+heard their employers say they would never allow a nunnery in the city."
+He soon saw that if he waited for encouragement from any quarter his
+object would never be accomplished. He built his convent. It was set on
+fire when completed, but he was not to be baffled. He repaired the
+damages. Though he declined some compensation offered on this occasion,
+he was not slow to express his opinion as to the effect such evidences
+of New England culture might have on his beloved and most generous
+flock. He invited Sisters of Mercy from Providence, R.I., and had the
+pleasure of welcoming them, July 16, 1858.</p>
+
+<p>He received them in his own house, which they mistook for their convent.
+Great was their surprise when they heard that the handsome pillared
+edifice in the next square was theirs. "I will conduct you thither,"
+said he; "but first we will visit our Lord in the church." The Rev.
+Mother, M. Frances Warde, and the Sisters, admired the exquisite church,
+and the extreme neatness and beauty of the altar. "No hand," said he,
+"but mine has ever touched that altar. No secular has ever been admitted
+within the sanctuary rails even to sweep. I myself sweep the sanctuary,
+and attend to the cleanliness of everything that approaches the Blessed
+Sacrament. But my work as sole priest here is now so arduous, that I
+will resign this sweet and sacred duty to you."</p>
+
+<p>Schools were immediately opened for boys, girls, adults. Night schools
+and an academy for the higher studies followed. On account of the
+superior instruction given in this institution, it has always been well
+patronized by the best Protestant families in New Hampshire. Indeed, the
+success of the Sisters of Mercy in this stronghold of Puritanism has
+been phenomenal. During Father MacDonald's incumbency, Catholics
+increased from a few despised aliens to more than half the population of
+Manchester. He was never obliged to ask them for money; they gave him
+all he needed. He never failed to meet his engagements; and in one way
+or another every coin he handled went<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> to God's church or God's poor. He
+laid up nothing for himself. He had the most exalted ideas of the
+priesthood, and he carried them out to the letter in his daily life.
+Thousands of young men have been enrolled in his sodalities. As an
+example to them, he totally abstained from tobacco and from intoxicating
+drink. St. John's Total Abstinence Society was the pride of his heart.
+One of his "Sodality Boys," Right Rev. Denis Bradley, became first
+bishop of Manchester, and many have become zealous priests. From the
+girls' schools and the sodalities, too, many religious vocations have
+sprung, and the number of converts under instruction is always very
+large. This worthy priest brought free Catholic education within the
+reach of every Catholic in his adopted city. As soon as he finished one
+good work he began another, and splendid churches, convents, schools,
+orphanage, hospital, home for old ladies, etc., remain as monuments of
+his zeal. These institutions are not excelled in the country. They are
+all administered by the Sisters of Mercy, to whom he was a most generous
+benefactor.</p>
+
+<p>During the forty-one years of Father MacDonald's life in Manchester, he
+never took a vacation but one, which his bishop compelled him to take.
+He was so methodical in the distribution of his time that it was said he
+did the work of six priests, and did it well. He knew every member of
+his flock, and was to all friend and father as well as priest, their
+refuge in every emergency. Every day he studied some point of theology,
+visited his schools and other institutions, and went the rounds of his
+sick and poor. Every home had its allotted duty, and grave, indeed,
+should be the reasons that could induce him to deviate one iota from his
+ordinary routine. His charities were unbounded, yet given with
+discrimination, nor did his left hand know what his right hand gave.
+With the sick and the aged, he was like a woman, or a mother. He would
+make their fires, warm drinks for them, see that they had sufficient
+covering. Though they all doated on "Father Mac," they must not thank
+him, or even pretend they saw what he was doing for them, so well did
+they know that he worked solely <i>for Him who seeth in secret</i>. Monday,
+August 24, 1885, this holy man was stricken with paralysis of the brain,
+and died two days later, while the bishop and the Sisters of Mercy were
+praying for his soul. It is almost certain that he had some presentiment
+of his death, as he selected the Gregorian Requiem Mass for his
+obsequies, and asked the choir to practise it. August 28, his sacred
+remains were committed to the earth, the funeral sermon being preached
+by the bishop, who had been as a son to the venerable patriarch. In
+real, personal holiness, Father MacDonald possessed the only power that
+makes the knee bend. Over twenty years ago, his sexton said to the
+writer: "I never opened the church in the morning that I did not find
+Father MacDonald kneeling before the Blessed Sacrament." What time he
+entered it, no one knew. How edifying this must have been to the poor
+factory hands, who were wont to beg God's blessing on their daily labor,
+in the short, scorching summer, and the bitter cold of the long winter,
+for at that time the church was not heated. Never did these children of
+toil miss that bent and venerable form, absorbed in prayer before the
+hidden Jesus, of whose august presence he had such a vivid realization.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Before such a life of toil and prayer, no bigotry could stand. By sheer
+force of virtue alone, this holy man wrought a complete change in the
+sentiments of his adversaries. Hence the extraordinary respect shown to
+his memory. The non-Catholic press says that no man ever exercised so
+much influence in Manchester for forty years as Father MacDonald, and
+that he was the man whom Manchester could least afford to lose. The
+mayor and the city government attended his obsequies in a body, and the
+governor of New Hampshire wrote to express his regret that absence
+hindered his paying the last tribute of respect to a priest he so highly
+revered. Business was suspended and all the factories closed, that the
+whole city might follow his remains to the tomb. On Sunday, August 30,
+the non-Catholic pulpits of the thrifty city resounded with the praises
+of this humble priest, whose chief characteristics were stainless
+integrity, an entire absence of human respect, burning zeal for God's
+glory, and life-long efforts to promote it. He feared no man and sought
+the favor of none, and his noble independence of character won him the
+admiration of all who had the privilege of knowing him. His death was
+universally deplored as the greatest calamity that ever befell
+Manchester. Among the Protestant ministers who eulogized him in their
+sermons, August 30, was Rev. Dr. Spalding, who thanked God for raising
+up a man whose life was remarkable "for its large consecration to Church
+and people, for its high earnestness, its sacrifices and unselfishness,
+its purity and truthfulness. God grant unto us all," he continued, "a
+desire to imitate this life in its devotion to others, and its trust in
+Him."</p>
+
+<p>As a preacher, Father MacDonald was rather solid than brilliant. In
+manner, he was somewhat blunt. He conversed pleasantly and sensibly; but
+people given to gossip or foolish talk soon learned to steer clear of
+him. Hospitality was with him a Christian duty. If he heard that some
+ecclesiastic was at the hotel&mdash;and he heard everything&mdash;he would at once
+go for him, and place his own neat, comfortable house at his disposal.
+"Many a time," he would say, "has a young priest acquired a taste for
+card-playing by spending but one night in a hotel." So fearful was he of
+the least thing that might disedify the weaklings of his flock, that,
+when the writer knew him, he was accustomed to send to Boston for altar
+wine. "If I buy it here," he said, "some poor fellows will think I don't
+practise what I preach. They will want stimulants as well as I. Even the
+people who sell will never think of altar wine." Father MacDonald had a
+great love for the South. Its material advancement gave him pleasure,
+but his chief interest lay in its spiritual progress. Six years ago, the
+writer met him after an interval of sixteen years. After the usual
+greetings, he began to question: "Now, tell me, how is religion in New
+Orleans? Are the priests zealous? Have you a live bishop? Are the public
+institutions well attended by priests and religious? But, above and
+before all else, are your Catholic children all in Catholic schools? And
+have you superior schools, so that children will have no excuse for
+going to the godless schools? How are the Masses attended? Are the
+people well instructed? Do many lead lives of piety?" He was then in his
+sixty-seventh year, rather broken from incessant labors, but as active
+as ever. His hair had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> changed from black to white since last we met.
+When I gave some edifying details, he would say: "God be praised. I am
+so glad of what you tell me. Thanks be to God." And he called the
+attention of a young priest at the other end of the room: "Listen! Hear
+what they are doing in the South for the school-children, and the waifs
+and street arabs. And all that is done for the sick and the prisoners.
+Oh, blessed be God! How happy all this makes me."</p>
+
+<p>I felt as though I were listening to St. Alfonso, so irresistably did
+this remind me of him. I was no longer among the crisp snows of New
+Hampshire, that had crackled beneath my feet that morning. Fancy had
+transported me to the genial clime of Naples. I stood by the bed-ridden
+Bishop of St. Agatha, in the old Redemptorist's Convent at Pagani, and
+listened to the touching dialogue between Mauro, the royal architect,
+and the saint: "And the churches in the city of Naples, are they much
+frequented?"&mdash;"Oh, yes, Monsignor, and you cannot imagine the good that
+results from this. All classes, especially the working people, crowd
+them, and we have saints even among the coachmen." At these words the
+saint rose from his recumbent position, and cried out in tones of joy
+and triumph: "Saintly coachmen at Naples! Gloria Patri." He could not
+sleep for joy at this intelligence, but during the night would
+frequently call for his attendant: "You heard what Don Mauro said?
+Saints among the coachmen at Naples! What do you think of that?"
+Associated in our mind with the great St. Alfonso, we keep this holy
+priest, whom Bishop Bradley so justly styled, "The pioneer of Catholic
+education in New England." His flock universally regarded him as a
+saint, and a great saint. And, in all humility, and in perfect
+submission to the decrees of Holy Church, the writer is able to say, of
+her own knowledge and observation, that this humble, hard-working,
+mortified Irish priest, William MacDonald, practised in a high, a very
+high, degree, every virtue which we venerate in the saints of God. I
+never met a holier soul. I could not imagine him guilty of the smallest,
+wilful fault. I feel more inclined to pray to him than for him; it seems
+incredible that he should have anything to expiate in purgatory. May his
+successors walk in his footsteps, and his children never forget the
+lessons he taught them more by example than by word. May our friendship,
+a great grace to me, be renewed <i>in requie &aelig;terna et in luce perpetua</i>.
+Amen.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>Dublin Irish Monthly.</i>
+</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<blockquote><p>The Avaricious Man can not enjoy riches, but is tormented by anxiety or
+sickness. Others are worn out by the jealousy or envy which consume
+them. Others, again, wrapped in their pride, are being continually
+galled by the supposed indignities offered to them, and there is no
+sharper crown of thorns than that worn by the proud man. There is one
+sin which seems to be rampant in our day, and that is scepticism, or
+doubting God and revelation; and this also brings its own punishment in
+the present. On the other hand, to those who are tempted, suffering, or
+afflicted, Jesus Christ promised, "Be thou faithful unto death and I
+will give thee the crown of life."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Gerald_Griffin" id="Gerald_Griffin"></a>Gerald Griffin.</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Leal heart, and brave right hand that never drew</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">One false note from thy harp, although the ache</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Of weariness and hope deferred might shake</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Harsh discords from a soul less clear and true</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Than thine amid the gloom that knew no break&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The London gloom that barred the heaven's blue</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">From thy deep Celtic eyes, so wide to take</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The bliss of earth and sky within their view!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">On fleet, white wings thy music made its way</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Back o'er the waves to Ireland's holy shore;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Close nestled in her bosom, each wild lay</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mixed with her sighs&mdash;'twas from her deep heart's core</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">She called thee: "'Gille Machree'<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> come home, I pray&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In my green lap of shamrocks sleep, asthore!"</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">Rose Kavanagh</span>, in <i>Irish Monthly</i>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Mary_E_Blake" id="Mary_E_Blake"></a>Mary E. Blake.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Two years ago we concluded a slight notice of the poems of "Thomasine"
+(known in Ireland as Miss Olivia Knight, and in Australia as Mrs. Hope
+Connolly), with the following words: "A writer in the <i>Irish Fireside</i>
+said lately that Eva and Speranza had no successors. We could name, if
+we dared, three or four daughters of Erin whom we believe to be singing
+now from a truer and deeper inspiration and with a purer utterance."
+Happily, since these words were printed, two of these unnamed rivals
+whom we set up against the gifted wife of the new M. P. elect for Meath,
+and against the more gifted widow of Sir William Wilde, have placed
+their names on the title pages of collections of their poems. We allude,
+of course, to Katharine Tynan and Rosa Mulholland. Not only these whose
+place in literature is already secured, but higher than some to whom the
+enthusiasm of a political crisis gave prominence, we should be inclined
+to rank such Irish songstresses as the late Attie O'Brien and the living
+but too silent "Alice Esmonde." And then of Irishwomen living outside
+Ireland we have Fanny Parnell, Fanny Forrester, Eleanor C. Donnelly, and
+the lady whom we claim as our own in the title of this paper&mdash;Mrs. Mary
+E. Blake. Though the wife of a physician at Boston, she was born at
+Clonmel, and bore the more exclusively Celtic name of Magrath.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></a></p>
+
+<p>Boston claims, or used to claim, to be the literary metropolis of the
+United States. A prose volume by Mrs. Blake and a volume of her poems
+lie before us, and for elegance of typography do credit to their Boston
+publishers. "On the Wing"&mdash;lively sketches of a trip to the Pacific, all
+about San Francisco and the Yosemite Valley, and Los Angeles, and
+Colorado, but ending with this affectionate description of Boston
+aforesaid:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>And now, as the evening sun drops lower, what fair city is this
+that rises in the east, throned like a queen above the silver
+Charles, many-towered and pinnacled, with clustering roof and taper
+spire? How proud she looks, yet modest, as one too sure of her
+innate nobility to need adventitious aid to impress others. Look at
+the &aelig;sthetic simplicity of her pose on the single hill, which is
+all the mistaken kindness of her children has left of the three
+mountains which were her birthright. Behold the stately avenues
+that stretch by bridge and road, radiating her lavish favors in
+every direction; look at the spreading suburbs that crowd beyond
+her gates, more beautiful than the parks and pleasure grounds of
+her less favored sisters. See where she sits, small but precious,
+her pretty feet in the blue waters that love to dally about them;
+her pretty head, in its brave gilt cap, as near the clouds as she
+could manage to get it: her arms full of whatever is rarest and
+dearest and best. For doesn't she hold the "Autocrat of the
+Breakfast Table" and Bunker Hill, Faneuil Hall, and Harvard
+College? Do not the fiery eloquence of Phillips, the songs of
+Longfellow, the philosophy of Fisk, the glory of the Great Organ,
+and the native lair of culture, belong to her? Ah! why should we
+not "tell truth and shame the devil"&mdash;doesn't she bring us to the
+babies and the family doctor?</p></div>
+
+<p>But it is not as a writer of prose that Mrs. Blake has secured a niche
+in our gallery of literary portraits. Indeed, without knowing it, we
+have already introduced her poetry to our readers: for we are pleased to
+find in her volume of collected poems an anonymous piece which we had
+gathered as one of our "Flowers for a Child's Grave," from a number of
+<i>The Boston Pilot</i> as far back as 1870. We should reprint page 171 of
+this volume if it were not already found in our eighth volume (1880) at
+page 608. The division of Mrs. Blake's poems to which it belongs
+contains, we think, her best work. Her muse never sings more sweetly
+than in giving expression to the joy and grief of a mother's heart. The
+verses just referred to were the utterances of maternal grief: a
+mother's joy breaks out into these pleasant and musical stanzas:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man is merry and wise,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Gay as a cricket and blithe as a bird;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Often he laughs and seldom he cries,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Chatters and coos at my lightest word:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Peeping and creeping and opening the door,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Clattering, pattering over the floor,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">In and out, round about, fast as he can,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">So goes the daytime with my little man.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man is brimful of fun,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Always in mischief and sometimes in grief;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thimble and scissors he hides one by one,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Till nothing is left but to catch the thief;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Sunny hair, golden fair over his brow&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Eyes so deep, lost in sleep, look at him now;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Baby feet, dimpled sweet, tired as they ran,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">So goes the night-time with my little man.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man, with cherry-ripe face,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Pouting red lips and dimpled chin,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fashioned in babyhood's exquisite grace,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Beauty without and beauty within,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Full of light, golden bright, life as it seems,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Not a tear, not a fear, known in thy dreams;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Kisses and blisses now make up its span,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Could it be always so, my little man?</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man the years fly away,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Chances and changes may come to us all,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I'll look for the babe at my side some day,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And find him above me, six feet tall;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Flowing beard hiding the dimples I love,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Grizzled locks shading the clear brow above,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Youth's promise ripened on Nature's broad plan,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">And nothing more left me of my little man.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man,&mdash;when time shall bow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With its hoary weight, my head and thine,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Will you love me then as you love me now,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With sweet eyes looking so fond in mine?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">However strangely my lot may be cast,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">My hope in life's future, my joy in life's past,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Loyal and true as your loving heart can,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Say, will you always be my little man?</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My little man! perchance the bloom</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Of the hidden years, as they come and pass,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May leave me alone, with a wee, wee tomb</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Hidden away in the tangled grass.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Still as on earth, so in heaven above,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Near to me, dear to me, claiming my love,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Safe in God's sunshine, and filling his plan,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Still be <i>forever</i> my own little man.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps our Irish poetess in exile&mdash;Boston does not consider itself a
+place of exile&mdash;would prefer to be represented by one of her more
+serious poems; and probably she had good reasons for placing first in
+her volume the following which is called "The Master's Hand."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">The scroll was old and gray;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The dust of time had gathered white and chill</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Above the touches of the worker's skill,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">And hid their charm away.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">The many passed it by;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For no sweet curve of dainty face or form,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No gleam of light, or flash of color warm,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Held back the careless eye.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">But when the artist came,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With eye that saw beyond the charm of sense,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He seemed to catch a sense of power intense</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">That filled the dusky frame.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">And when with jealous care</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His hand had cleansed the canvas, line by line,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Behold! The fire of perfect art divine,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Had burned its impress there!</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Upon the tablet glowed,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Made priceless by the arch of time they spanned,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The touches of the rare Old Master's hand,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">The life his skill bestowed.</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">O God whom we adore!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Give us the watchful sight, to see and trace,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy living semblance in each human face</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">However clouded o'er.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Give us the power to find,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">However warped and grimmed by time and sin,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thine impress stamped upon the soul within,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Thy signet on the mind.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Not ours the reckless speed</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To proudly pass our brother's weakness by,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And turning from his side with careless eye,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">To take no further heed.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">But, studying line by line,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Grant to our hearts deep trust and patient skill,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To trace within his soul and spirit still,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Thy Master Hand divine!</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Blake in one point does not resemble the two Irish woman-poets&mdash;for
+they are more than poetesses&mdash;whom we named together at the beginning of
+this little paper. Ireland and the Blessed Virgin have not in this
+Boston book the prominence which Miss Mulholland gives them in the
+volume which is just issuing from Paternoster Square. The Irish-American
+lady made her selection with a view to the tastes of the general public;
+but the general public are sure to be won by earnest and truthful
+feeling, and an Irish and Catholic heart cannot be truthful and earnest
+without betraying its devotion to the Madonna and Erin.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>Irish Monthly</i>, edited by <span class="smcap">Rev. Mathew Russell, S.J.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="George_Washington" id="George_Washington"></a>George Washington.</h2>
+
+<h4>HIS CELEBRATED WHITE MULE, AND THE RACE IT MADE AWAY FROM A DEER RIFLE.</h4>
+
+
+<p>Washington has generally been credited with the introduction in America
+of mules as a valuable adjunct to plantation appurtenances; but very few
+people know that one of his favorite riding animals was a white mule,
+which was kept carefully stabled and groomed along with his blooded
+horses at Mount Vernon. In the year 1797, there was published at
+Alexandria for a brief period, a weekly paper called <i>Hopkin's Gazette</i>.
+A few numbers of this sheet are still extant. In one of them there is an
+account of an exciting adventure, in which Washington, the white mule,
+and one Jared Dixon figured. It is evident that the editor of this paper
+did not have an exalted opinion of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> great patriot, as he speaks of
+him as "a man who has the conceit of believing that there would not be
+any such country as America if there had not been a George Washington to
+prevent its annihilation." From this account it appears that Jared Dixon
+was a Welshman, who lived on a hundred-acre tract of land adjoining the
+Mount Vernon plantation. Washington always claimed that the tract
+belonged to him, and made several efforts to dispossess Dixon, but
+without success. According to the <i>Gazette</i>, Washington's overseer had,
+on one occasion, torn down the Dixon fence and let the cattle into the
+field, and various similar annoyances were resorted to in order to force
+Dixon to move away. But Dixon would neither surrender nor compromise,
+and kept on cultivating his little farm in defiance of the man who had
+been first in war and was now first in peace.</p>
+
+<p>"It was last Thursday about the hour of noon," says the <i>Gazette</i>, "when
+General Washington rode up to Mr. Dixon's gate. He was mounted on his
+white mule, which had come down the broad road on his famous fox-trot of
+eight miles an hour. There was fire in the General's eye and his under
+lip protruded far, betokening war. His riding-boots shone in the sun, as
+did his gold spurs. His hair was tied with a gorgeous black ribbon, and
+his face was pale with resolution. Mr. Dixon and his family were
+adjusting themselves for dinner, when they heard the call at the gate.
+There was a most animated conversation between these two neighbors, in
+which the General informed the humble settler that he must receive a
+certain sum for his disputed title or submit to be dispossessed.
+Whereupon Mr. Dixon, who was also a Revolutionary soldier, and felt that
+he has some rights in this country, informed the lordly neighbor that
+the land was his own, that he had paid for it and built houses thereon,
+the children were born to him on it, and that he would defend it with
+his life. Continuing, he charged the general with inciting his employ&eacute;s
+to depredate on the fences and fields. It was natural that this should
+arouse the mettle of the modern Mars. He flew into a towering rage, and
+applied many epithets to Mr. Dixon that are not warranted by the Ten
+Commandments. He even went so far as to raise his riding-whip and to
+threaten personal violence. Mr. Dixon is a man of few words, but a high
+temper, and, not caring to have his home and family thus offended, he
+gave the general one minute to move away while he rushed into his house
+for his deer rifle. There are none who doubt the valor of the general;
+but there may be a few who do not credit him with that discretion which
+is so valuable a part of valor. Suffice it for the ends of this
+chronicle to say that it required only a few moments for him to turn the
+gray mule's head towards Mount Vernon, and, in less time than it takes
+to here relate, the noble animal was distancing the Dixon homestead with
+gallant speed. It was no fox-trot, nor yet so fast as the Derby record,
+but most excellent for a mule. At any rate, it was a noble race, which
+saved a settler's shot and a patriot's bacon, and averted a possible
+catastrophe that might have cast a gloom on American history."</p>
+
+<p>If this narrative is strictly accurate, Washington might have replied to
+his refractory neighbor, on being warned away, in the language of the
+Nevada desperado who was put on a mule by a committee of vigilants<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> and
+given ten minutes to get out of town; "Gentlemen," said the desperado,
+"if this mule don't balk, I don't want but five."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h4><a name="Washingtons_Mother" id="Washingtons_Mother"></a>Washington's Mother.</h4>
+
+
+<p>Mrs. Washington found little difficulty in bringing up her children.
+They were disciplined to obedience, and a simple word was her command.
+She was not given to any display of petulance or rage, but was steady,
+well-balanced, and unvarying in her mood. That she was dignified, even
+to stateliness, is shown us by the statement made by Lawrence
+Washington, of Chotauk, a relative and playmate of George in boyhood,
+who was often a guest at her house. He says&mdash;"I was often there with
+George&mdash;his playmate, schoolmate, and young man's companion. Of the
+mother I was ten times more afraid than I ever was of my own parents.
+She awed me in the midst of her kindness, for she was indeed truly kind.
+I have often been present with her sons&mdash;proper tall fellows, too&mdash;and
+we were all as mute as mice; and even now, when time has whitened my
+locks, and I am the grandparent of a second generation, I could not
+behold that remarkable woman without feelings it is impossible to
+describe. Whoever has seen that awe-inspiring air and manner, so
+characteristic in the father of his country, will remember the matron as
+she appeared, when the presiding genius of her well-ordered household,
+commanding and being obeyed.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_Child_of_Mary" id="A_Child_of_Mary"></a>A Child of Mary.</h2>
+
+
+<p>An old general was once asked by a friend how it was that, after so many
+years spent in the camp, he had come to be so frequent a communicant,
+receiving several times a week. "My friend," answered the old soldier,
+"the strangest part of it is, that my change of life was brought about
+before I ever listened to the word of a priest, and before I had set my
+foot in a church. After my campaigns, God bestowed on me a pious wife,
+whose faith I respected, though I did not share it. Before I married her
+she was a member of all the pious confraternities of her parish, and she
+never failed to add to her signature, <i>Child of Mary</i>. She never took it
+upon herself to lecture me about God, but I could read her thoughts in
+her countenance. When she prayed, every morning and night, her
+countenance beamed with faith and charity; when she returned from the
+church, where she had received, with a calmness, a sweetness and a
+patience, which had in them something of the serenity of heaven, she
+seemed an angel. When she dressed my wounds I found her like a Sister of
+Charity.</p>
+
+<p>"Suddenly, I myself was taken with the desire to love the God whom my
+wife loved so well, and who inspired her with those virtues which formed
+the joy of my life. One day I, who hitherto was without faith, who was
+such a complete stranger to the practices of religion, so far from the
+Sacraments, said to her: 'Take me to your confessor.'</p>
+
+<p>"Through the ministry of this man of God, and by the divine grace, I
+have become what I am, and what I rejoice to be."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Dead_Mans_Island" id="Dead_Mans_Island"></a>Dead Man's Island.</h2>
+
+<h4>THE STORY OF AN IRISH COUNTRY TOWN.</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">T. P. O'Connor, M. P.</span></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XIX" id="CHAPTER_XIX"></a>CHAPTER XIX.</h4>
+
+<h4>MAT BECOMES A FENIAN.</h4>
+
+
+<p>Shortly before this, the Widow Cunningham had received the news that her
+poor boy had been killed in a colliery accident in Pennsylvania. This
+stopped the allowance which he used to send her out of his own scant
+wages.</p>
+
+<p>The destruction of her daughter now came as the last blow that broke her
+long-enduring spirit. There had been a time when she would have died
+rather than have gone into the workhouse, but she had nothing left to
+live for now, and she became a pauper. The Irish workhouse soon kills
+what little spirit successive misfortunes have left in its occupants
+before their entrance, and in a few years there was nothing left of the
+once proud, high-spirited and splendid woman, whom we knew in the early
+days of this history.</p>
+
+<p>Meantime, the fate of the girl had been the final influence in deciding
+the fate of another person. Mat Blake had fluctuated for a long time
+before he could make up his mind to join the revolutionary party; but on
+the very evening of the day on which he had seen Betty in the streets of
+Ballybay he made no further resistance, and that night was sworn in as a
+member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.</p>
+
+<p>It is not my purpose in this story to enter at length into his
+adventures in his new and perilous enterprise. He had not been long in
+the ranks when he was recognized by Mr. James Stephens as one of the
+most promising members of the conspiracy, and he was chosen to do
+important and serious work. The funds of the organization were nearly
+always at the lowest ebb, and during this period of his life Mat had to
+pass through privations that could only be endured by a man of
+passionate purpose and unselfish aims. Many and many a time he had not
+the money wherewith to buy a railway ticket. His clothes were often
+ragged, and he frequently had to walk twenty miles in a day in shoes
+that were almost soleless. The arrangement usually was for the members
+of one circle to supply him with the money that would take him to the
+next town; and though he saw many instances of abject cowardice and
+hideous selfishness at this period&mdash;especially when the suspension of
+the <i>Habeas Corpus</i> Act left the liberty, and to some extent, the life
+of every man at the disposal of the police. He also witnessed many
+proofs of heroic courage and noble devotion.</p>
+
+<p>At length the time came when everybody expected the blow to be struck at
+British tyranny, and the star of Irish liberty to arise. Mat, owing to
+his fiery and impatient temperament, naturally belonged to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> that section
+of the Fenian Brotherhood which demanded prompt action, and still in the
+age of illusions and of blinding rage, he would admit no difficulties,
+and feared no obstacles. Mat had sworn in hundreds of members. He had
+passed through the town of Ballybay on the memorable night when an Irish
+regiment, as it was leaving for other quarters, cheered through the town
+for the Irish Republic, and some of the men on whom he relied most
+strongly were in high authority in the police force. He knew nothing of
+the almost total want of arms, taking it for granted that all the wild
+boasts of the supplies from America and other sources were founded on
+facts. He was one of the deputation that finally waited upon the leaders
+in Dublin to hurry on the struggle.</p>
+
+<p>He went down to Ballybay on the night of the 17th of March, 18&mdash;, which
+had been fixed for the rising. The head centre of the province had
+arranged to meet the men there that night with arms. The Ballybay
+Barracks were to be surrendered to them through one of the sergeants who
+belonged to the Brotherhood; and it was hoped that by the evening of the
+next day, the green flag would float over the castle which for three
+centuries had been garrisoned by the soldiers of the enemy.</p>
+
+<p>Two hundred men met at the trysting place, close to the "Big Meadows."
+They were kept waiting for some time; impatience began to set in, and
+demoralization is the child of impatience. At last the head centre
+appeared; he had five guns for the whole party. Then the men saw that
+their hopes were betrayed. Most of them quietly dispersed towards their
+homes. That night Mat was seized in his bed, and within a few minutes
+afterwards was in goal. He felt that the game was up, that all his
+bright hopes, like those of many another noble Irish heart before him,
+had ended in farcical nothingness. Disaster followed upon disaster. When
+he made his appearance in court he saw upon the witness table one of his
+most trusted friends, who was about to give the evidence that would
+ensure his conviction.</p>
+
+<p>A final outrage was in store for him. The Government had resolved, when
+once it had entered upon the campaign against the conspiracy, to pursue
+it with vigor, and judges were selected who might be relied upon to show
+the accused no justice during the trial, and no mercy after the
+conviction. Crowe, who had been made a judge shortly after his last
+election for Ballybay, was naturally chosen as the chief and most useful
+actor in this drama. During all the years that had elapsed since his
+treason he had distinguished himself, even above all the other judges of
+the country, in the unscrupulous violence of his hostility to all
+popular movements. Trial before him came to be regarded as certainty of
+conviction. The fearlessness of the man made him inaccessible to the
+threats that were everywhere hurled against him, and his rage became the
+fiercer and his violence the more relentless on the day after he found a
+threatening letter under a plate on his own table. He brought to his
+task all the ferocity of the apostate. Under all his apparent
+independence, his quick vanity and his hot temper made him sensitive to
+attack, and the Fenian Press had made him the chief target of its most
+vehement and most constant invective.</p>
+
+<p>Mat Blake was known as one of the bitterest writers and speakers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> of the
+movement, and some of the writings in which he had attacked Crowe
+displayed a familiarity with the incidents of Ballybay elections which
+could only have come from the pen of one who had been intimately
+associated with those struggles.</p>
+
+<p>The two men now stood face to face&mdash;the one on the bench and the other
+in the dock. Crowe did not allow himself to betray any sign of previous
+acquaintance with the prisoner before him. The jury was selected; every
+man who might be supposed to have the least sympathy with National
+movements was rigorously excluded from the box, and Mat was tried by
+twelve men, of whom nine were Orangemen and the other three belonged to
+that Catholic-Whig <i>bourgeoisie</i> against which he had always waged
+unsparing war. Anthony Cosgrave was the foreman. Mat was convicted, and
+sentenced to seven years' penal servitude.</p>
+
+<p>The sufferings he underwent during this period I will not attempt to
+describe. After a very short stay in Ireland he was transferred to
+Portland, and there the English warders exhausted upon him all the
+insolence and cruelty of ignorant and triumphant enemies. One suffering,
+however, was in his case somewhat mitigated. He had not a large
+appetite, and the prison food, though coarse, was sufficient for his
+wants. With the generosity which characterized him, he was even ready to
+divide his food with those whose appetites were more exacting. Among his
+companions were two men, tall, robust, red-haired, who belonged to a
+stock of Southern farmers, and who were possessed of the gigantic
+strength, the huge frame, and the sound digestion of Cork ploughmen.
+Every day these hapless creatures complained of hunger and of cold, and
+Mat and Charles Reilly, another member of the <i>Irish People</i> staff,
+sometimes found a sombre pleasure in finding and gathering snails for
+them. Whenever either of them brought a snail to Meehan or to Sheil the
+famished men would swallow it eagerly, without even stopping to take off
+the shell. Meehan is now a prominent member of the Dynamite Party in New
+York. Sheil became insane shortly after his release, and threw himself
+into the Liffey.</p>
+
+<p>One day, after four years' imprisonment, the Governor called Mat into
+his room and told him that he was free. He was transferred to Milbank,
+then he was supplied with a suit of clothes several times too large for
+him, and he went out and by the Thames, and gazed on that noble stream
+with the eyes of a free man.</p>
+
+<p>He wandered aimlessly and listlessly along, unable yet to appreciate the
+full joy of his restoration to liberty. As he was passing over
+Westminster Bridge he was suddenly stopped by a man whom he had known in
+the ranks of the organization, and whom the fortune of war had not swept
+into gaol with the rest. The stranger looked at Mat for a few moments;
+gazed on the hollow eyes, the pale cheeks, and the worn frame, and,
+unable to restrain his emotions, burst into tears. This was the first
+indication Mat received of the terrible change that imprisonment had
+wrought in his appearance. The next day he set out for Ballybay.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, vast changes seemed about to come over Ireland. The Fenian
+conspiracy had been the death-knell of the triumphant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> cynicism and
+corruption that had reigned over the country in the years succeeding the
+treason of Crowe. The name of Mr. Butt, as the leader of a new movement,
+was beginning to be spoken of. An agitation had been started which
+demanded a radical settlement of the land question. Demonstrations were
+taking place in almost every county, and the people were united,
+enthusiastic, and hopeful. Several of the worst of the landlords had
+already been brought to their knees, and there had been a considerable
+fall in the value of landed property. The serfs were passing from the
+extremity of despair and demoralization into the other extreme of
+exultant and sometimes cruel triumph.</p>
+
+<p>Even the town of Ballybay was beginning to be stirred, and the farmers
+all around joined the new organization in large numbers.</p>
+
+<p>By a curious coincidence a monster demonstration was announced in
+Ballybay for the very day of Mat's arrival.</p>
+
+<p>As Mat passed along the too well remembered scene between Ballybay and
+Dublin, he could not help thinking of the time when he had gone over
+this road on his first visit to Ireland after his departure for England.
+He had then thought that desolation had reached its ultimate point; but
+in the intervening period the signs of decay had increased. It appeared
+as if for every ruin that had stared him in the face on the former
+occasion ten now appeared. For miles and miles he caught sight of not
+one house, of no human face; he seemed almost to be travelling through a
+city of the dead.</p>
+
+<p>As the newspaper containing tidings of the new movement lay before him,
+he leaned back in reflection, and once more thought of the days in which
+Crowe figured as the saviour, and then as the betrayer of Ireland. It
+had been a rigid article of faith with the Fenian organization that no
+confidence was to be placed in constitutional agitations and agitators.
+Mat retained in their full fervor the doctrines he had held for years
+upon this point; and he turned away from the accounts of the new
+movement as from another chapter in national folly and prospective
+treason. Looking out on the familiar grey and dull sky, he could see no
+hope whatever for the future of his country. Irish life appeared to him
+one vast mistake; and so far as he had any plans for the future they
+were of a life removed from the chaos and fret and toil and moil and
+disappointments and humbug of politics. He thought of returning once
+more to his profession; but he resolved that it would be neither amid
+the incessant decay of Ireland, nor surrounded by hostile faces and
+unsympathetic hearts in England. His thoughts were of the mighty country
+which had extended its hospitality and generosity to so many of his
+race, and had bestowed upon them liberty, prosperity, and eminence. In
+all these visions one figure, one sweet face mingled itself. With Mary
+Flaherty by his side he felt that no career could be wholly dark, no
+part of the world wholly foreign, and as he once more indulged in waking
+dreams he hummed to himself the well-known air,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Though the last glimpse of Erin with sorrow I see,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Still wherever thou art shall seem Erin to me."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>At last he was at the railway, and there were his poor old father<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> and
+his mother standing before him, their hair bleached to whiteness,
+trembling, feeble, with tears rolling down their cheeks. Mat was in his
+mother's arms in a moment.</p>
+
+<p>Ballybay, even on this occasion, was true to itself. The arrival of Mat
+in Dublin had been announced in the newspapers, and the heart of the
+people throughout the country went forth to him, as it always does to
+those whose generous rashness has been punished by England's worst
+tyranny. He had been accompanied to the railway station at the
+Broadstone by a crowd; thousands cheered him, and shook him by the hand,
+and wept and laughed. The word had mysteriously gone along the line that
+the patriot was returning, and at every one of the stations, however
+small, there was a multitude to greet him warmly.</p>
+
+<p>But at Ballybay, still deep down in the slough of its eternal despond, a
+few lorn and desolate-looking men stood on the platform. There they were
+once more, as if it were but yesterday, with their hands deep down in
+their pockets; the wistful, curious glance in their eyes, and the
+melancholy slouch in their shoulders. They tried to raise a cheer, but
+the attempt died in its own sickliness.</p>
+
+<p>And then Mat left the train, walked over the station as one in a dream,
+and was placed upon the sidecar almost without knowing what he was
+doing.</p>
+
+<p>There was a terrible dread at his heart; he asked his mother a question;
+she answered him; and then, and for the first time since he had left
+prison, his heart burst, his spirit broke, and he entered his father's
+house pallid, trembling, his eyes suffused with bitter tears.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XX" id="CHAPTER_XX"></a>CHAPTER XX.</h4>
+
+<h4>THE DEMONSTRATION.</h4>
+
+
+<p>And thus it came to pass that the chief characters of this story found
+themselves in Ballybay again on its closing day, on exactly the same
+spot as they were on the day when it opened.</p>
+
+<p>The Land League demonstration was not prepared with any particular care
+or organization, the Irish people being still, even in the matter of
+political demonstration, in a state of childish immaturity. It turned
+out to be better so, for the spontaneous inventiveness of the moment
+suggested a programme far more dramatic and picturesque than could have
+occurred to the mind of the most ingenious political stage-manager. The
+platform had been erected on the spot where the cabin had stood which
+the son of the Gombeen man had overthrown so many years ago. The field
+now was laid in grass, which, before the demonstration waved long and
+green; but as the hours went on and the thousands of feet passed over
+it, the grass was all crushed and torn. There were half a dozen
+bands&mdash;two of them dressed in the showy uniform which descends from the
+pictures of Robert Emmet in the dock&mdash;and they played continuously and
+for the most part discordantly. There were also many banners, there was
+a long procession of men on horseback, and the heads of the horses were
+covered with green boughs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> Green, indeed, was everywhere; there were
+green banners, green scarves, green neck-ties, and the greater part of
+the men displayed the green ticket of the Tenant League in their hats.
+The air of the crowd was in no way serious, the whole affair was rather
+like a <i>f&ecirc;te</i> than a grave political demonstration. The multitudes, too,
+had the absence of self-control which characterizes popular
+demonstrations; their feelings seemed to express themselves without
+thought or premeditation, speech overflowed rather than fell from their
+lips. The result was that the cheering was continuous; now it was the
+arrival of a band; then the erect walk of a sturdy contingent from a
+distant point; sometimes it was simply the exchange of a look, that,
+though mute, spoke volumes, between the people in the procession and
+those on the sidepaths, that brought forth a wild cheer, in short the
+temper of the crowd was bright and electrical&mdash;the mood for unusual
+ideas and passionate scenes.</p>
+
+<p>The good humor was hearty rather than inventive or articulate, but one
+man had had the genius to invent a comic device. This was a very wild
+creature, half beggar, half laborer, the last of a rapidly dying class
+in Ireland. He had got hold of a wretched nag of whom the knacker had
+been defrauded for many years and seated on this in fantastic dress he
+cudgelled it unmercifully, amid screams of laughter, for around its neck
+was a placard with the words, "Dead Landlordism."</p>
+
+<p>About two o'clock, there was seen making a desperate attempt to
+penetrate through this teeming, densely-packed, and noisy multitude, a
+stout figure, with a face ugly, irregular, good-humored. He was dressed
+in a long and dull-colored and almost shabby ulster. His hat was as
+rough as if it had been brushed the wrong way, and he wore a suit of
+tweed that was now very old, but that even in its earliest days would
+have been scorned by the poorest shopman of the town with any
+pretensions to respectability, and the trousers were short and painfully
+bagged at the knees. But the divine light of genius shone from the brown
+eyes and the ample forehead. The enthusiasm of the multitude now knew no
+bounds. There was first a strange stillness, then, when the word seemed
+to have passed with a strange and lightning-like rapidity from mouth to
+mouth, there burst forth a great cheer, and it was known that Isaac Butt
+had come.</p>
+
+<p>But even the Irish leader was destined to play a subordinate part in the
+proceedings of this strange day. It was a local speaker that stirred the
+hearts of the people to the uttermost, for he told the story of the
+eviction of the Widow Cunningham, of the death of her husband, the exile
+of her son, the shame of her daughter.</p>
+
+<p>While he was speaking some one cried, "She'll have her own agin," and
+then a few of the young fellows disappeared from the platform. In the
+course of half-an-hour they returned. They ascended the platform, and
+after a while, and another pause, a strange and audible thrill passed
+through the multitude; and then there were passed in almost a hoarse
+whisper the words, "The Widow Cunningham." And she it was; acting on the
+hint of the speaker, she had been taken from the workhouse; and she was
+brought back to her old farm again and to the site of her shattered
+homestead and broken life. The multitude cheered themselves hoarse;
+hundreds rushed to the platform to seize<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> her by the hand; a few women
+threw their arms around her neck, and wept and laughed. Finally, the
+enthusiasm could not be controlled, and, in spite of the entreaties of
+the political leaders and of the priests, a knot of young men caught the
+poor old creature up, and carried her around the field in triumph; the
+crowd everywhere swaying backwards and forwards, divided between the
+effort to make a way for the strange procession and the desire to catch
+sight of the old woman. Probably few of the people there could
+understand the strange effect which this sight had upon them; but their
+instincts guided them aright in the enthusiasm with which they hailed
+this visible token of a bad and terrible and irrevocable past.</p>
+
+<p>And how was it with the chief actor in the scene? Five years of life in
+a workhouse had left no trace of the handsome, long-haired, and
+passionate woman who had cursed the destroyer of her house and her
+children with wild vehemence, and had resisted the assault of the
+Crowbar Brigade with murderous energy. She was now simply a feeble old
+woman, with scanty grey hair; the light had died out of her eyes; and
+there was nothing left in them now but weariness and pain; her cheeks
+were sunk and were dreadfully discolored; in short, she was a poor,
+feeble, old woman, with broken spirits and dulled brain. The revenge for
+which she had longed and prayed had come at last; but it had come too
+late.</p>
+
+<p>She went through the whole scene with curious and unconscious gaze, as
+of one passing through a waking dream, and the only sign she gave of
+understanding anything that was going on was that she gave a weak and
+weary little smile when the people cried out to her enthusiastically,
+"Bravo, Widow Cunningham!"&mdash;a smile as spectral as the state of things
+of which she was the relic. She was very wearied and almost fainting
+when she was brought back to the platform; and then she said, in a voice
+that was a little louder than a whisper, and with a strange wistfulness
+in her eyes, "I'd like a cup of tay."</p>
+
+<p>But there was no tea to be had, and the thoughtless good-nature of the
+day helped to precipitate the tragedy which the equally thoughtless
+enthusiasm had begun. A dozen flasks were produced; a tumbler was taken
+from the table, and a large quantity of whiskey was poured down her
+throat. She became feeble, and the rays of intelligence almost
+disappeared from her face.</p>
+
+<p>At last, as the evening fell, the crowd dispersed; the old pauper was
+left by the men who had brought her to the platform, and there were but
+a couple of women more watchful than the rest to take care of her. They
+tried to bring her home, but she showed a strange kind of obstinacy, and
+refused for a long time to move. When she was got to make a stir she
+seemed most unwilling to go in the direction of the workhouse, she would
+give no reason&mdash;for indeed she seemed either unable or unwilling to
+speak at all, but with the silent obstinacy of an animal she tried to go
+in an opposite direction. At last the two women thought it wisest to
+humor her, and let her go where she wished. By this time night had
+completely fallen, and in going down a dark boreen she managed to escape
+from her companions altogether. They searched everywhere around, and at
+last frightened, they went home for their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> husbands. A party of five
+people&mdash;the husbands, the son of one of them, and the two women came
+along the boreen, guided by the dim light of the farthing dip which is
+the only light the Irish farmer has yet been able to use. After a long
+search they came to a spot well known to all of them, and then the truth
+burst suddenly upon them. One of the women had been at the funeral of
+the Widow Cunningham's husband when she was a little girl, and
+remembered the spot where he was buried. They all followed her there in
+a strange anxiety, and their anticipations proved right. On the grave of
+her husband they found the Widow Cunningham, and she was a corpse.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XXI" id="CHAPTER_XXI"></a>CHAPTER XXI.</h4>
+
+<h4>DEAD MAN'S ISLAND.</h4>
+
+
+<p>There was one person in Ballybay at least who envied the woman that lay
+forever free from life's fitful fever. The day's demonstration in the
+town had brought no joy to Mat's heart. He had not yet learned to make
+any distinction between the agitators who had broken his own life and
+murdered the hopes of his country, and the very different class of men
+who had brought new life and hope to the Irish nation. The whole
+business of the meeting to him, therefore, appeared nothing but gabble,
+treason, and folly. He spent his hours, after a scornful look or two at
+the preparations for the speeches of the day, in wandering through the
+fields and streets which he had known in boyhood, and appeared to have
+left so very, very long ago. Every sight deepened his depression. He
+thought of the first day he had spent in the town long ago, when he
+visited Ballybay for the first time after years of absence. Then he
+thought that he had exhausted the possibilities of grief over the waste
+of a nation's life; but he now found that there were deeper depths and
+larger possibilities of suffering in the Irish tragedy. Famine, plague,
+a whirlwind, or an earthquake could not, as he thought, have worked
+mischief more deadly, more appalling, more complete. He saw, with a
+curious sinking of the heart and an overwhelming sadness, that nearly
+every well-remembered spot of his boyhood was marked by the ruins of a
+desolated home. Here was the corner where he used to turn from the one
+to the two mile round&mdash;as two of the walks around Ballybay were
+called&mdash;but where was the house with its crowd of noisy children, which
+he saw every morning with the same confident familiarity as a
+well-remembered piece of furniture in his own house? Yes: there was the
+little road where he remembered to have stood one day so many years ago.
+It was a bright, beautiful day in summer, the sky was blue, and the
+roses bloomed; but everything was dark to him, for Betty, his first
+nurse, the strongest affection of his childhood, had retired to her
+mother's home the day before. And as he recalled how all the world
+seemed to be over for him on that day, he felt the full brotherhood of
+sorrow, and in one moment understood all the tragic significance of the
+separation which emigration had caused in more than a million Irish
+homes. The road<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> had changed as though the country had been turned from
+a civilized to a savage land. The grass was growing thick and rank, the
+roses had gone, thick weeds choked festering pools, and of the little
+cottage in which Betty had dwelt there was not even a vestige.</p>
+
+<p>And so, alas, in the town. At its entrance a whole street had
+disappeared, black and charred the walls stood&mdash;silent and deserted.
+This constant recurrence of the symbols of separation, desertion,
+silence, death, produced a strange numbness in his mind, and he walked
+along in a dream that became deeper and deeper. But he saw everything
+with the obscurity, and still with the strange, piercing look, of the
+dreamer. Turning from the houses to the people, he saw as it were in a
+flash the true meaning of that weary look which he had first observed as
+the prevalent expression of most faces; he loathed and at the same time
+he understood the prematurely bloated and blotched faces of so many of
+the young men whom he met everywhere, and read the story of the hopeless
+struggle against daily deepening gloom which had sought desperate relief
+in whiskey. He understood the procession of sad, and, as in his exalted
+mood he thought, spectral, men and women, that flowed in a noiseless
+stream to the chapel. It was May, "the month of Mary," as it is so
+touchingly called in Ireland, and in that month there are devotions
+every night in honor of the Mother of God. It was with difficulty he
+restrained his tears as there rose from the voices of the congregation
+the well-known and well-remembered hymn to the Blessed Virgin&mdash;the
+fitting wail of a people who dwell in a land of sorrows.</p>
+
+<p>"Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy. Our Life, Our Sweetness, and Our
+Hope, to thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve, to thee do we
+send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears." How
+well he recalled the evening long ago, when the hymn first struck him as
+the wail from the helpless agony of a dying nation.</p>
+
+<p>Then Mat went home, and, as he entered the house, he noticed with the
+new-born light in his eyes many things that had escaped his attention
+when he first entered there in the morning. His father, as he answered
+the door, seemed to him to have aged ten years since he had looked at
+him in the morning, and he saw with a pang that seemed to squeeze his
+heart as in a vice that his clothes were shabby, and that even his boots
+were patched and broken. Then he went upstairs, and, entering the parlor
+noiselessly, caught sight of his mother. She turned sharply around, and
+to his horror and surprise he saw a fierce, violent blush overspread her
+pale cheek. He could not help looking at the table, and there he saw the
+same dread sight that had met him at so many painful crises in his life,
+for his mother was examining bank bills and pawn tickets. Then he rushed
+back in memory to the days of his own childhood, when he had wondered
+why it was that his mother occasionally wept as she turned over these
+mysterious slips of blue paper and small pieces of stiff card. The
+abject failure of his life never appeared to him so clearly as it did at
+that moment, and the sense of complete disaster was aggravated by the
+awful feeling that he had made others suffer even more bitterly than
+himself. And for a moment it seemed, too, as if his mother were resolved
+that he should taste the full bitterness of the moral, for she looked at
+him fixedly as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> the blush died from her cheeks; but her heart was too
+touched by his look of pain, and in a moment she had kissed him on the
+cheek, after the frigid and self-restrained fashion of Ballybay.</p>
+
+<p>Mat had a battle with himself as to whether he should visit Mary on this
+day; but after a while he felt that it would be a sort of savage triumph
+if he could fill the whole day with all the pain that could be packed
+within its hours. He had no idea as yet what he was going to do with the
+morrow, but it would certainly bring some new departure; this day he
+was, for this reason, the more resolutely ready to abandon to the luxury
+of woe.</p>
+
+<p>Mary was alone when he visited the house; her husband had left town, for
+he did not dare, with all his courage, to aggravate the popular hatred
+by being visible on the day of the demonstration. She came into the room
+and shook hands with him, to his surprise, without any appearance of
+embarrassment. He looked at her without a word for a few moments, while
+she asked a few questions in a perfectly natural tone of voice about the
+meeting, his imprisonment, etc. As he looked he thought he saw a strange
+and mournful change in her face. The features seemed to have grown not
+merely hard, but coarse. He remembered the time when her upper lip had
+appeared to his eyes short, expressive, elegant; now it seemed to have
+grown long and vulgar. Her dark eyes were cold and impenetrable.</p>
+
+<p>For a while they talked about indifferent things, but though he had
+sworn to himself a thousand times that he would never utter a word about
+her broken troth, his nerves were still too shaken and unsteady, after
+his sufferings in prison and the wearing experiences through which he
+had passed, to allow him to maintain complete self-control.</p>
+
+<p>"And so you married Cosgrave," he said, as a beginning.</p>
+
+<p>She looked at him sharply, and then answered, in the same cold and
+perfectly collected voice, "Yes, I married Cosgrave."</p>
+
+<p>"Are you happy?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes."</p>
+
+<p>"You never cared for me?" he said with bitterness; and then the venom,
+which had been choking him from the hour when he heard that his
+betrothed was gone, overflowed. He went on, in a voice that grew hoarse
+in its vehemence: "Look! I have been four years in prison; in the
+company of burglars, pickpockets, murderers; I have been kept in silence
+and solitude and restraint; and yet in all these four years I never
+suffered a pang so horrible as when I heard that you had proved untrue."</p>
+
+<p>"No," she answered, with a stillness that sounded strangely after the
+high-pitched and passionate tones of his voice; "I was not untrue, for I
+was faithful to my highest duty." Then she paused, and when next she
+spoke her voice was also passionate; but it was passion that was
+expressed in low and biting, and not in a loud tone. "You have known the
+life of a prison: but you have not passed through the hell of Irish
+poverty."... Then, after a pause, in which she seemed buried in an
+agonizing retrospect, she said&mdash;"I would marry a cripple to help my
+family."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>She had scarcely said these words when her father entered. The father
+was as much changed in Mat's eyes as the daughter; he could scarcely
+walk; his feet seemed just able to bear him; and his hand was palsied.
+He did not at first recognize Mat; and when at last he knew who it was,
+said in the old voice, the familiar words which Mat so loathed, "Ah! the
+crachure! Ah! the crachure!"</p>
+
+<p>Mat now had the key to the hideous tragedy which had separated him from
+the woman he loved, and who loved him. He looked quickly at her; but the
+light of momentary excitement had died out of the face, and the
+expression was now perfectly serene. Several reflections passed rapidly
+through Mat's mind. He saw clearly that the girl had not a particle of
+self-reproach; not a doubt of the rectitude or even the nobility of her
+conduct; she had immolated herself with the same inflexible resolve and
+unquestioning faith as the sublime murderer of Marat. Then passing
+rapidly in mental review the history of so many self-murdered hearts, he
+asked which was the more cruel&mdash;the Irish or the Indian suttee. Perhaps
+in that moment Mat gained more knowledge than is given to other men in
+years of that strangest of all, even feminine, problems&mdash;an Irish girl's
+heart.</p>
+
+<p>For a moment the two were left alone, for the first and only time in all
+their lives.</p>
+
+<p>"What?" said Mat, in an audible soliloquy, "is Irish life?" And then he
+answered the question himself as she remained silent. "A tragedy, a
+squalid tragedy!" But she looked at him cold, irresponsive, defiant, and
+he rushed away before the old man came back with the whiskey.</p>
+
+<p>The wreck of this girl's nature; her acceptance in full faith of the
+sordid and terrible gospel of loveless marriage; the omnipotence of even
+a little money in a land of abject and hopeless and helpless poverty,
+brought the realities of Irish life with a clearness to his mind more
+terrible than even uprooted houses and echoless streets.</p>
+
+<p>He accepted the invitation of a friend to take a row up the river,
+beautiful with its eternal and changeless beauty amid all this wreck of
+hopes and blasting of lives.</p>
+
+<p>They passed a small island.</p>
+
+<p>"What is that called," asked Mat of the boatman.</p>
+
+<p>"Dead Man's Island."</p>
+
+<p>"What did you say?"</p>
+
+<p>"Dead Man's Island."</p>
+
+<p>"A&mdash;&mdash;h,&mdash;&mdash;Dead&mdash;Man's&mdash;Island!"</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="smcap">The End.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Going on Foot to Rome.</span>&mdash;In these days, when pilgrims go to Rome and
+Jerusalem by railway and steamer, it is refreshing to hear that the
+old-fashioned pilgrim may still be found. The last of these appears to
+be Ignacio Martinez, a native of Valladolid, who has nearly completed
+his pilgrimage to the Holy Place begun two years ago.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Boys_in_Green" id="The_Boys_in_Green"></a>The Boys in Green.</h2>
+
+
+<p>After reading the Reminiscences of the Ninth Massachusetts, Volunteers,
+published in late numbers of <span class="smcap">Donahoe's</span>, it occurred to the writer that a
+few incidents which came under my own personal observation, in which
+that regiment figured, occurring over twenty-three years ago, may be of
+interest to the survivors of the gallant Ninth, or their descendants. It
+may also interest the general public, and your Irish-American readers in
+particular, for my experience will speak more particularly of the corps
+with which my fortunes were cast&mdash;Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish
+Brigade. It was originally composed of three regiments, viz.,
+Sixty-Third New York, Eighty-Eighth New York, and Sixty-Ninth New York,
+all organized in New York City, but some of its companies hailing from
+Albany, Boston, etc. The writer of this was connected with the Albany
+Company K, Sixty-Third Regiment, in the capacity of "high private" when
+the regiment was organized. This paper is merely intended to give an
+account of a few incidents in which the brigade participated, not by any
+means as a history of that organization.</p>
+
+<p>It is well known to those familiar with events at the beginning of the
+war, that the Washington authorities decided to change McClellan's base
+of operations in the movement against the rebel capital (Richmond, Va.),
+to the Peninsula. Accordingly, in the spring of 1862, over one hundred
+thousand men and material of the Army of the Potomac, at that time, and
+subsequently, the largest and best disciplined body of troops in the
+service of the Republic, were sent by water to Fortress Monroe, Ship
+Point, and adjacent places for disembarkation. Very few people in civil
+life have any conception of the labor attending an operation of this
+kind. Not alone was this immense body of men carried by water, but all
+the material as well: heavy and field artillery; animals for the same;
+horses for the cavalry; and baggage, ammunition and supply trains.
+Thanks to the superiority of our navy at the time, the movement was
+entirely successful. It is true a few sailing crafts, and some armed
+rebel vessels showed themselves; but they took refuge up the York,
+Pamunkey, Elizabeth and James Rivers, to be afterwards destroyed as the
+Union Army advanced.</p>
+
+<p>The writer was at the time on detached service (recruiting) in New York
+City; but at the period the advanced vessels of the Flotilla reached the
+Peninsula he received orders to rejoin his regiment. Accordingly I left
+Albany (depot for recruits) April 11, 1862, in charge of twenty-two men,
+eleven for Sixty-Third and eleven for Eighty-Eighth Regiments, reaching
+Fort Monroe April 14, by steamer from Washington. I shall never forget
+the impression made on my civilian mind as we steamed under the frowning
+guns of the weather-beaten Fort, in the gray of the morning. It
+impressed me with awe, as the black muzzles of the "War Dogs" bade
+defiance in their silent grandeur to rebels in arms and European
+enemies, who, at the time, entertained anything but friendly feelings
+towards the Republic.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The achievement of the famous <i>Monitor</i> was, at the time, in everybody's
+mouth. Your older readers will remember how the "Yankee Cheese-Box," the
+gallant Worden in command, put in appearance in Hampton Roads, a day or
+two after the finest wooden war ships in the government service were
+sent to the bottom, by the guns and ram of the rebel <i>Merrimac</i>. When
+the saucy, insignificant-looking craft boldly steamed for the victorious
+rebel iron-clad, the officers on board could not believe their senses,
+never having seen anything like the mysterious stranger before; but when
+fire and smoke belched forth from the <i>Monitor's</i> revolving turret, they
+were reminded that they had better look to their guns. Not being able to
+damage the stranger with their British cannon, the rebel tried the
+effect of its powerful ram; but the "cheese-box" divining its
+intentions, nimbly got out of harm's way. Its powerful eleven-inch guns
+in the turret continued to pound the iron sides of the <i>Merrimac</i>, until
+the latter thought "discretion the better part of valor," and sought
+safety in flight by ascending the Elizabeth River to Norfolk, not before
+being badly damaged in the encounter. Notwithstanding the rebel had
+numerous guns of the most approved pattern, their shot glanced
+harmlessly from the <i>Monitor's</i> revolving turret, the only object
+visible above water. You may think we looked upon the champion with no
+little pleasure as she peacefully lay in the channel, with steam up,
+waiting for the appearance of its powerful adversary, which never came.
+(The <i>Merrimac</i> was so badly damaged in the encounter, its commander,
+Jones, blew her up sooner than see her in the enemy's hands.) The masts
+of the ill-fated <i>Cumberland</i> and her consorts were plainly visible in
+the distance, where they sank with their brave tars standing nobly by
+their guns.</p>
+
+<p>I am afraid the editor of the <span class="smcap">Magazine</span> will get impatient with my
+description before coming to the Ninth. The writer goes into these
+particulars because another generation has come on the scene since they
+happened, and it may interest them.</p>
+
+<p>After landing with my detachment of twenty-two men, we turned our faces
+landward to find the army then moving towards Richmond. On the way we
+passed through the village of Hampton, and subsequently were much
+interested in looking over the battlefield of Big Bethel, where Magruder
+made his first fight on the Peninsula, not long previous, and where the
+Union troops were roughly handled. Gen. Joseph B. Carr, of Troy, N. Y.,
+in command of the Second New York Volunteers, one of the most successful
+Irish-American soldiers of the late war, took a prominent part in this
+battle. It is thought he would have retrieved the blunders of some of
+the Union officers, if he had not been ordered to retire by Gen. B. F.
+Butler, who was in command. Gen. Carr is now serving out his third
+successive term as Secretary of State of New York. He recently ran for
+Lieutenant Governor on the Republican ticket; and although he failed to
+get elected, he ran nearly nine thousand votes ahead of his ticket. The
+rebel field works were just as they left them. The neighboring forests
+told the story of the desperate conflict by the manner in which they
+were torn from the effects of the artillery.</p>
+
+<p>It was a long and tedious journey before we struck the army of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> "Little
+Mac;" and when the shades of night began to envelope us, the little
+squad was footsore, tired and hungry, having covered twenty-four miles
+since leaving the steamer. To add to our inconvenience, we had eaten
+nothing since leaving the vessel, and then a limited supply of "hard
+tack," washed down with coffee. The location of Meagher's Brigade was
+among the uncertainties. All our inquiries of troops in the vicinity
+were fruitless.</p>
+
+<p>Learning from the men of a battery, encamped on the edge of a clearing,
+that an Irish Regiment was not far distant, inquired the name (State and
+number).</p>
+
+<p>"I think, sergeant," said the officer addressed, "that it is an Irish
+Regiment from Massachusetts, but I do not know the number; they have an
+Irish flag anyhow." Thanking the captain for the information, we sought
+the locality of the Irish boys and their green flag.</p>
+
+<p>"Halt! who comes there?" demanded a sentinel, pacing his beat, a few
+yards from the road, as the squad approached in the twilight.</p>
+
+<p>"Friends!" was the response.</p>
+
+<p>"Advance, friends, and give the countersign!"</p>
+
+<p>We had no "countersign," and could not give it. I did the next best
+thing, and addressed the sentinel thus:</p>
+
+<p>"We are Union soldiers, trying to find our regiment, having landed this
+morning at Fortress Monroe. We are tired and without anything to eat,
+since early this morning. Be good enough to tell us the name of that
+regiment yonder."</p>
+
+<p>"That is the Ninth Massachusetts, Col. Tom Cass," was his response.</p>
+
+<p>"Call the corporal of the guard; I would like to see the colonel."</p>
+
+<p>"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" he lustily called out, at the top of
+his voice.</p>
+
+<p>"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" was repeated in succession by the
+respective posts; bringing that officer on the run, in a few minutes to
+the post designated.</p>
+
+<p>I repeated the request to the "corporal of the guard," a bright little
+man, about twenty-four years old. He requested us to remain where we
+were until the "officer of the guard" was consulted, "for ye know we are
+in the enemy's counthry, and we must be cautious." We assented, of
+course. Presently a lieutenant made his appearance, and after hearing
+our story, told us to follow him. We passed the guard and made our way
+to the colonel's quarters, before which a soldier was leisurely pacing.
+The lieutenant entered, but returned in a moment and desired me to
+follow him. I did so, and found myself in a group of officers. I saluted
+and came to "attention."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, sergeant, what can we do for you?" kindly asked an officer with
+the eagles of a colonel on his shoulders.</p>
+
+<p>"We are benighted, sir; my men and I landed at the Fort this morning,
+and are on the way to find our regiments. We have had nothing to eat in
+twelve hours. We're hungry and tired, and claim your hospitality for the
+night."</p>
+
+<p>"May I ask what command you belong to, sir?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"My regiment is the Sixty-Third New York, colonel, and the detachment is
+for that regiment and the Eighty-Eighth New York."</p>
+
+<p>"What! Gen. Meagher, the Irish Brigade! Consider yourself at home,
+sergeant. The best in our camp is at your service. You can have all you
+can eat and drink, and a place to rest. Orderly," addressing a soldier
+in front of the tent, "send Sergeant &mdash;&mdash; to me."</p>
+
+<p>"I see by your chevrons you are a non-commissioned
+officer. May I ask your name?" addressing me.</p>
+
+<p>"Sergeant J&mdash;&mdash; D&mdash;&mdash;, Company K, colonel," was my response.</p>
+
+<p>The sergeant made his appearance, and Col. Cass (for we learned,
+subsequently, it was he) gave him directions to take Sergeant D&mdash;&mdash;and
+his men, and give them everything they wanted for the night, and their
+breakfast before leaving in the morning. As we were about retiring the
+colonel remarked:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The night is chilly, sergeant; fog is heavy, malaria abroad, and you
+are tired. Wouldn't you like something in the way of liquid
+refreshments?"</p>
+
+<p>"Thanks, colonel," I replied; "but the Sixty-Third is a temperance
+regiment.<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> We took the pledge from Father Dillon, last January, on
+David's Island, New York Harbor, for the war."</p>
+
+<p>"Is it possible? I am glad to hear it! God bless you. I trust you will
+keep your pledge, not only for the war, but for all future time." I
+thanked him, gave him a salute and retired.</p>
+
+<p>We certainly found ourselves in "the hands of our friends." Sergeant
+----(unfortunately my diary is silent as to his name) took us to his
+quarters, and that being inadequate, lodged out some of the strangers.
+Coffee was made for us at the company's kitchen, and in less than half
+an hour there was enough of that delicious beverage steaming hot before
+us, with a mountain of "hard tack," to feed a company, instead of
+twenty-three men. The wants of the inner man being attended to (and we
+did the spread full justice) brier wood and tobacco were called into
+requisition. We found ourselves the centre of an interested crowd, for
+it got noised abroad that a squad of Gen. Meagher's men was in Sergeant
+----'s quarters. "Taps" were sounded at the usual hour, but, by
+permission of the "officer of the day" the lights in the sergeant's
+tent, and others adjoining, were not extinguished, out of respect to the
+New Yorkers. During the evening song and story were in order, and at
+this late day it will not be giving away a secret to say that the
+"liquid refreshments," so kindly offered by the colonel were not ignored
+by many present, for the Ninth had a sutler with it, whose supply of
+"commissary" was yet abundant to be taken as an antidote against the
+malaria.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At day-break the regiment was roused from slumber by the soul-stirring
+sounds of the "reveille" which reverberated through the dark pine woods
+of the "sacred soil." The strangers were prevailed on to take a hasty
+cup of coffee, and as the men were forming for company drill, we bade
+them "good-by," and sought our own regiments, which we found in camp in
+a clearing, at Ship Point, nine miles from Yorktown, then held by the
+enemy.</p>
+
+<p>The writer did not see the Ninth again until the 27th of June following
+(1862), and the occasion was a sad one. When McClellan's right wing was
+crushed like an egg shell under Gen. Fitz John Porter, on the north bank
+of the Chickahominy, two brigades of Sumner's Second Corps (Meagher and
+French's) were ordered from the centre of our lines at Fair Oaks to
+check the victorious march of the overwhelming masses of the enemy.
+After fighting like Spartans for two days, the twenty-seven thousand men
+under Porter were outflanked by the enemy who were sixty-five thousand
+strong. Porter's troops were compelled to retire, and by sundown they
+were in full retreat towards the temporary bridges constructed by our
+troops, over the Chickahominy. At this juncture the two brigades
+mentioned were ordered from our centre to check the advance of the now
+victorious enemy.</p>
+
+<p>The force engaged at Gaines' Mill was: Union, 50 Regiments, 20
+batteries, 27,000 men. Confederate: 129 Regiments, 19 batteries, 65,000
+men. Losses: Union, killed, 894; wounded, 3,107; missing, 2,836; total,
+6,837. Confederate: Somewhat larger, especially in killed and wounded.
+Perhaps in the whole history of the war there was no battle fought with
+more desperation on both sides than that of Mechanicville (June 26), and
+Gaines' Mill (June 27). Fitz John Porter handled his army with such
+ability that his inferior force repelled repeated attacks of the flower
+of the rebel army under Lee and Jackson; and if it were not for the
+blundering of the cavalry, under Gen. Cook, through whose
+instrumentality Porter's lines were broken, he would have repelled all
+efforts to drive him to the river. As an evidence of the desperate
+nature of the conflict, it may be mentioned that one Rebel regiment
+(Forty-Fourth Georgia) lost three hundred and thirty-five men.</p>
+
+<p>We got there, about eight miles, at eight o'clock, having pushed on by
+forced marches all the way, but too late to change the fortunes of the
+day. We did check the advancing and exalting Rebels, who supposed a
+large part of the Union army had come to the rescue. Forming our lines
+on top of the hill (Gain's) with an Irish cheer we went down the
+northern side of the hill pell-mell for the enemy. The pursuers were now
+the pursued. The Rebels broke and fled before Irish steel. To advance in
+the darkness would be madness. The regiments were brought to a halt. So
+as to deceive the Confederates as to the number of reinforcements, the
+position of each regiment was constantly changed. In one of these
+movements, the right of the Sixty-Third struck a rebel battalion, halted
+in the darkness, and for a time there was temporary confusion. The grey
+coats were brushed aside instantly, getting a volley from the right wing
+of the Sixty-Third as a reminder that we meant business.</p>
+
+<p>Fitz John Porter pays this tribute to the brigade as to the part it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>
+took on this occasion: "French and Meagher's brigades of Sumner's corps,
+all that the corps commanders deemed they could part with, were sent
+forward by the commanding general.... All soon rallied in rear of the
+Adams House behind Sykes and the brigades of French and Meagher sent to
+our aid, and who now with hearty cheers greeted our battalions as they
+retired and reformed."</p>
+
+<p>While resting on our arms the dead and wounded were thick all
+around&mdash;friend and foe. Alas! not a few were our brothers of the Ninth
+Massachusetts. They told us in whispers how they repelled the enemy all
+day, and not until they were flanked by the Rebels did they give way
+before their repeated charges. The remnant of the regiment I
+subsequently saw next morning, in the rear, few in numbers, but with its
+spirit unbroken.</p>
+
+<p>Having held the enemy in check to permit our broken battalions and the
+wounded to recross the Chickahominy, the two brigades silently left the
+field before dawn the next morning, blowing up the bridge behind us,
+thus stopping the pursuit. The two brigades occupied their old places
+behind the breastwork, at four the next morning, completely exhausted,
+but gratified that we were instrumental in checking the enemy, and
+saving from capture a large part of the army.</p>
+
+<p>Four days later, July 1st, the bloody conflict of Malvern Hill was
+fought&mdash;the last of the Seven Days' Battles. Meagher's brigade, at that
+time consisting of the Sixty-Third, Eighty-Eighth, and Sixty-Ninth New
+York and one regiment from Massachusetts (Twenty-Ninth), had arms
+stacked in a beautiful valley, in the rear of the struggling hosts. All
+day long the storm of battle raged, and the men of the brigade were
+congratulating themselves that for once, at least, we would not be
+called upon to participate. Each regiment was ordered to kill several
+sheep and beeves, found the same day on the lands of a rich Virginian.
+While the companies were being served, a staff officer was seen riding
+at full speed to Gen. Meagher's head-quarters, his horse wet with foam.
+The men knew what that meant. We had seen it before. In a few minutes
+the "long roll" sounded in every regiment, and in less time than it
+takes to write these lines, the brigade was on the march. We knew from
+the sound of the guns that we were not going from but nearing the
+combat. Turning a ridge in the south-east, a fearful sight met our view.
+Thousands of wounded streamed to the rear, in the direction of Harrison
+Landing, on the James. Men with shattered arms and legs, some limping,
+all bloody and powder-stained. Many defiant, but the badly wounded
+moaning with agony. The head of the column, with Gen. Meagher and staff
+in front, turned sharply to the right, with difficulty forcing our way
+through the wounded crowds. We learned, subsequently, that after
+repelling the enemy with fearful slaughter all day, towards nightfall
+they pressed our left and attempted to seize the roads on our line of
+retreat to the James. Not till then were Meagher's men called on, and
+promptly they responded. While hurrying to the front, the Sixty-Third
+being the third regiment was halted. At this moment a volley from the
+left between us and the river, swept through our ranks. Seventeen men of
+the regiment fell, among them being Col. John Burke, who received a ball
+in the knee.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> He fell from his horse, but the mishap was for the moment
+kept from the men. Lieut.-Col. Fowler assumed command, and before the
+Rebel regiment had time to reload, four hundred smooth bores sent a
+withering volley crashing through their ranks. This put a quietus upon
+them.</p>
+
+<p>"What regiment is this?" demanded an officer on horseback, surrounded by
+his staff, who came galloping up as the men reloaded.</p>
+
+<p>"This is the Sixty-Third New York, general," responded Lieut.-Col.
+Fowler of that regiment.</p>
+
+<p>"I am Gen. Porter, in command of this part of the field. I order you to
+remain here to support a battery now on its way to this spot. Do you
+understand, sir?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, general; the Sixty-Third always obeys orders," was the lieutenant
+colonel's prompt response, and Gen. Porter disappeared to the front.</p>
+
+<p>While halted here for the appearance of the battery, a crowd of men
+coming from the front, in the now gathering darkness, attracted my
+attention. I should say there were not more than fifty men all
+told&mdash;perhaps not more than thirty. They were grouped around their
+colors, which I discovered to be a United States flag and a green
+standard. The men were the most enthusiastic I ever saw. They were
+cheering, and their voices could be plainly heard over the roar of
+battle. Some were without caps, many were wounded, and all grimy
+from powder, and every few moments some one of them called for
+"three cheers for the stars and stripes."</p>
+
+<p>"Let us give three for the green flag, boys."</p>
+
+<p>"Give the Rebels h&mdash;&mdash; boys!" To one officer in front cheering, who had
+his cap on the point of his sword, I inquired:</p>
+
+<p>"What regiment is this, captain?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, don't you know?</p>
+
+<p>"This is all that is left of the old Ninth Massachusetts&mdash;all that is
+left of us boys!</p>
+
+<p>"Our dead and wounded are in the woods over there!</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! we lost our colonel, boys; the gallant Cass, one of the best
+fighters and bravest man in the army!</p>
+
+<p>"We saved our colors, though, and we had to fight to do it!</p>
+
+<p>"Go in, Irish Brigade! Do as well as the Ninth did!</p>
+
+<p>"Three cheers for the stars and stripes!</p>
+
+<p>"Give three for the old Bay State!</p>
+
+<p>"Hurrah!"</p>
+
+<p>And the remnant of the splendid regiment filed to the rear in the
+darkness; but still their cheers could be heard for quite a distance
+over the rattle of musketry and the sound of the guns.</p>
+
+<p>"The battery! The battery! Here comes the battery!" was heard from a
+hundred throats, as it wildly thundered and swept from the rear,
+regardless of the dead and dying, who fairly littered the field. God
+help the dying, for the dead cared not! The iron wheels of the
+carriages, and feet of the horses, discriminate not between friend and
+foe. It will never be known how many were ground to pulp that July
+evening as Capt. J. R. Smead's Battery K, Fifth United States Artil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span>lery
+came in response to the command of the gallant Porter, who saw the
+danger of having his left turned. Three batteries were ordered up by
+Gen. Porter, viz: Capt. J. R. Smead; Capt. Stephen H. Weed, Battery I,
+Fifth United States Artillery; and Capt. J. Howard Carlisle, Battery E,
+Second United States Artillery.</p>
+
+<p>"Forward, Sixty-Third! Double quick! march!" shouted Capt. O'Neil, the
+senior line officer, who was now in command.</p>
+
+<p>"Forward! Double quick!" was repeated by each company commander, and the
+Sixty-Third followed the lead of the battery into the very jaws of
+death, many of them to meet their brothers of the Ninth, who just passed
+over the silent river, on the crimson tide of war!<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p>
+
+<p>Had the repeated and desperate efforts of the enemy succeeded in turning
+the Union left, as was feared towards nightfall, a dire disaster awaited
+the splendid army of McClellan. How near we came to it may be judged
+from the fact that all the reserves were brought into action, including
+the artillery under Gen. Henry J. Hunt. The instructions to Smead,
+Carlisle and Mead, when hurried up to defend the narrow gorge, with
+their artillery, through which the Confederates must force their way on
+to the plateau, were to fire on friend and foe, if the emergency
+demanded it. This is confirmed by a letter to the writer from Fitz John
+Porter. "These batteries were ordered up," he says, "to the narrow part
+of the hill, to be used in saving the rest of the army, if those in
+front were broken, driven in and pursued, by firing, if necessary, on
+friend as well as foe, so that the latter should not pass them. I went
+forward with you to share your fate if fortune deserted us, but I did
+not expect disaster, and, thank God, it did not come!"</p>
+
+<p>These are the words of as brave and loyal an American as ever drew his
+sword for the Republic. Few men, perhaps none, in the army at that time,
+with our limited experience in war, could have handled his troops as
+Gen. Porter did at Gaine's Mill and Malvern. He desperately contested
+every inch of ground on the north bank of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> Chickahominy, although
+his force was only twenty-seven thousand against sixty-five thousand of
+the enemy. Again at Malvern, the Rebels, maddened with successive
+defeats, were determined to annihilate the grand army of the Potomac
+with a last superhuman effort. They probably would have succeeded had a
+less able soldier been placed in command at that critical point. But, as
+will be seen from the above extract, the General never for a moment lost
+hope of being able to successfully repulse the enemy, for no man knew
+the material he had to do it with better than he.</p>
+
+<p>What a pity that the services of such an able soldier should have been
+lost to the army and the country, a few weeks later, through the petty
+jealousies of small men, who wanted a scape-goat to cover up their own
+shortcomings. For over twenty years this grand American soldier, the
+soul of honor, who would at any moment sacrifice his life sooner than be
+guilty of an act inconsistent with his noble profession, has been
+permitted to live under the unjust stigma cast upon him. The day will
+surely come, and it is not far distant, when the American people will
+blush for the great wrong done Fitz John Porter. They will agree with
+the late general of our armies, a man whose memory will be forever held
+in grateful remembrance by his country (U. S. Grant), who, after careful
+and mature investigation of his conduct at the Second Battle of Bull
+Run, said deliberately, that Fitz John Porter should not be censured for
+the mismanagement of that ill-fated battle. In military affairs Gen.
+Grant was always a safe guide to follow.</p>
+
+<p>After a careful review of Gen. Porter's case, Gen Grant wrote President
+Arthur, under date of December 22, 1881, as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"At the request of Gen. Fitz John Porter, I have recently reviewed
+his trial, and the testimony held before the Schofield court of
+inquiry held in 1879.... The reading of the whole record has
+thoroughly convinced me that for these nineteen years I have been
+doing a gallant and efficient soldier a very great injustice in
+thought and sometimes in speech. I feel it incumbent upon me now to
+do whatever lies in my power to remove from him and from his family
+the stain upon his good name.... I am now convinced that he
+rendered faithful, efficient and intelligent service.... I would
+ask that the whole matter be laid before the attorney-general for
+his examination and opinion, hoping that you will be able to do
+this much for an officer who has suffered for nineteen years a
+punishment that never should be inflicted upon any but the most
+guilty."</p></div>
+
+<p>It was many months before I again saw the Ninth Massachusetts; but what
+a contrast to its appearance on that glorious April morning, in 1862,
+when I was the recipient of its warm hospitality among the pines on the
+threshold of the advance on the rebel capital.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span class="smcap">John Dwyer.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p>Leo XIII. has sent to the Emperor of Germany and to Prince Bismarck
+copies, specially printed and bound, of the Encyclical. His Holiness
+adds to the present to the Chancellor a copy of the <i>Novissima Leonis
+XIII. Pont. Max. Carmina</i>. A note of very emphatic and reverent praise
+of the poems has been communicated to the official German press.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_Christmas_Carol" id="A_Christmas_Carol"></a>A Christmas Carol.</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah, weep not, friends, that I am far from ye,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And no warm breath&eacute;d words may reach my ears;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One way is shorter, nearer than by sea,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Prayers weigh with God and graces wait on tears;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As rise the mists from summer seas unseen,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To fall in freshening showers on hill and plain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So prayer sent forth from fervent hearts makes green</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The parched bowers of one whose life was vain.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pray for me day and night these Christmas hours,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">This the one gift I value all beyond;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Aid me with supplication 'fore those powers</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Who have regard for prayer, th' angelic bond&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All ye who love me knock at Jesus' gate,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As for one standing outside deep in snow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tell him a sorrowing soul doth trembling wait,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And none but He can ease its load of woe.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah, friends! of whom I once asked other things,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Refuse me not this one thing asked again;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shield me, a naked soul, with sheltering wings,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">From rush of angry storms and bitter rain&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I cannot stand the gaze of mine own eyes;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That I escape myself implore our Lord&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah, me! I learn he only's rightly wise</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Who seeks in all th' exceeding great reward.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From self that I be freed, O Father will!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Lord Jesus from the world protect me still,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Spirit paraclete, over the flesh give victory,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And o'er the devil a lasting crown to me!</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">James Keegan.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p>The <i>Catholic Review</i>: Irish-America contributes to the new Parliament
+one of the strongest members of the Nationalist party, Mr. T. P. Gill,
+for some years past assistant editor of the <i>Catholic World</i>, and
+previously a prominent journalist in Ireland, where, during the
+imprisonment of Mr. William O'Brien, he took the editorial chair of
+<i>United Ireland</i> until Mr. Buckshot Forster made it too hot for him. In
+the cooler climate of New York he still did good service to his party,
+in disabusing numbers of many ill-grounded misapprehensions and
+misconceptions, and in strengthening the sympathies, by increasing the
+information, of all well-wishers of Ireland. His work will be felt in
+England.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Late_Father_Tom_Burke" id="The_Late_Father_Tom_Burke"></a>The Late Father Tom Burke.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Kegan Paul, Trench &amp; Co., of London, have published, in two volumes, the
+"Life of the Very Rev. Thomas N. Burke, O.P.," by William J.
+Fitzpatrick, F.S.A. We give a few extracts:</p>
+
+<p>"Some one complained to Father Burke one day that his sermons were too
+'flowery;' but it was not just criticism if the term was intended to
+imply that they were florid. His answer was characteristic. 'And what
+should they be but floury&mdash;seeing my father was a baker?' It was also in
+allusion to his father's calling that he was wont to boast, when
+questioned as to his family, that they were 'the best-bread-Burkes' of
+Galway.</p>
+
+<p>"'When I hear him preach,' said Bishop Moriarty, 'I rejoice that the
+Church has gained a prize; when I hear him tell a story, I am tempted to
+regret that the stage has lost him.'</p>
+
+<p>"A Protestant lady listening to his lecture on divorce said: 'I am bound
+to become a Catholic out of self-respect and self-defence.'</p>
+
+<p>"During the visit of the Prince of Wales to Rome His Royal Highness went
+to the Irish Dominicans and to the Irish College. Father Burke was asked
+to guide the prince through the crypt of St. Sebastian, his Royal
+Highness being, it was understood, particularly anxious to see the
+paintings with which the early Christians decorated the places where
+rested their dead. Some English ladies, mostly converts, in Rome at the
+time, were divided in their devotion to the Prince and to the catacomb
+pictures&mdash;the most memorable religious pictures of the world. That
+evening they begged Father Burke to tell them exactly what His Royal
+Highness said of the frescoes. The question was parried for some time;
+but when the fluttered expectation of the fair questioners had risen to
+a climax, Father Burke showed hesitating signs of his readiness to
+repeat the soul-betraying exclamations of the Prince. 'Well, what <i>did</i>
+he say?' they cried, in suspense. 'He said&mdash;well, he said&mdash;'Aw!'"</p>
+
+<p>"In 1865, Father Burke succeeded the present Cardinal Archbishop of
+Westminster in the pulpit of Sta Maria del Popolo in Rome; and it is a
+little coincidence that the famous Dominican, a year or two earlier,
+when Prior of Tallaght, succeeded also the Cardinal's relative in the
+pulpit of the Catholic University. 'Father Andedon,' says Mr.
+Fitzpatrick, 'had been for some years a very popular preacher in the
+church of the Catholic University. On the retirement of Father Andedon
+to England, to which he was naturally attached by birth and
+belongings&mdash;for Dr. Manning was his uncle&mdash;Father Burke took his place
+in the pulpit.' It was here, by the way, that the 'Prince of Preachers'
+introduced the class of sermons known as 'Conferences,' and associated
+with Lacordaire and the pulpit of Notre Dame. Father Burke had never
+seen Lacordaire; but the Dean of the Catholic University, who had been
+listening to Lacordaire for years, was greatly struck by Father Burke's
+resemblance, as a preacher, to his great brother Domini<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span>can in France.
+The likenesses between preachers, as between faces, are sometimes subtle
+things! Bishop Moriarty, returning from Rome, paused in Paris, where he
+heard yet another Dominican orator, P&egrave;re Monsabr&eacute;, preaching at Notre
+Dame. When next he saw Father Tom, he said to him&mdash;'Do you know Monsabr&eacute;
+reminded me very much of you?' 'Now,' said Father Tom&mdash;telling the story
+to his friend, Father Greene&mdash;'this was very gratifying to me. P&egrave;re
+Monsabr&eacute; was a great man, and I thought it an honor to be compared to
+him, and I told the Bishop so, adding, 'Might I ask you, my lord, what
+was the special feature of resemblance?' Now 'David' (the Bishop's
+Christian name) had a slow and deliberate and judicious way of speaking
+that kept me very attentive and expectant. 'Well,' he said, 'I'll tell
+you what struck me most. When he went up into the pulpit, he looked
+around him deliberately and raised up his hand and&mdash;scratched his
+head.'"</p>
+
+<p>"In the maddest sallies of Father Tom there was generally to be found a
+method. His exuberances when he was Prior of San Clemente, for instance,
+were attributed to his desire that his tonsure might not be made to bear
+the weight of a mitre: 'It got whispered among the cardinals' (writes
+Canon Brownlow), 'that their eminences were at times the objects of his
+jokes, and that he even presumed to mimic those exalted personages. Some
+of them spoke seriously about it, and asked the Dominican Cardinal Guidi
+to admonish him to behave with greater gravity. Cardinal Guidi repaired
+to San Clemente, and proceeded to deliver his message, and Father Burke
+received it with becoming submission. But no sooner had the cardinal
+finished than Father Burke imitated his manner, accent and language,
+with such ludicrous exactness that the cardinal burst into a fit of
+laughter, and could not tell him to stop.'</p>
+
+<p>"The venerable Father Mullooly was equally foiled by another phase of
+the young friar's freakishness, when, on being remonstrated with for
+what seemed to be an undue indulgence in cigars, Father Tom represented
+it as rather dictated by a filial duty, for the Pope, he said, had sent
+him a share of a chest of Havanas, worth a dollar each, which a Mexican
+son had forwarded to the Vatican.</p>
+
+<p>"But the other side of the man came out in his sermons when he succeeded
+Dr. Manning&mdash;hurriedly called to England to attend the death-bed of
+Cardinal Wiseman&mdash;as occupant of the pulpit of Santa Maria del Popolo,
+and on many subsequent occasions: 'When I lift up my eyes here (he said
+in speaking of the 'Groupings of Calvary'), it seems as if I stood
+bodily in the society of these men. I see in the face of John the
+expression of the highest manly sympathy that comforted and consoled the
+dying eyes of the Saviour. It seems to me that I behold the Blessed
+Virgin, whose maternal heart consented in that hour of agony to be
+broken for the sins of men. I see the Magdalen as she clings to the
+cross, and receives upon that hair, with which she wiped His Feet, the
+drops of His Blood. I behold that heart, humbled in penance and inflamed
+with love&mdash;the heart of the woman who had loved much, and for whom he
+had prayed. It seems to me that I travel step by step to Calvary, and
+learn, as they unite in Him, every lesson of suffering, of peace, of
+hope, of joy, of love."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Our_Neighbors" id="Our_Neighbors"></a>Our Neighbors.</h2>
+
+<h4>The Irish in Canada.</h4>
+
+
+<p><i>Montreal Gazette:</i> The matter of Mr. Curran's speech on the occasion of
+the opening of St. Ann's Hall is worthy of more than passing notice. He
+chose for his theme the progress of the Irish race in Canada, and
+although the groundwork of his address was placed in Montreal, the
+deductions to be drawn from the statistics presented may, with equal
+propriety, be applied to any section of Canada in which the Irish colony
+is located. The Irish people are, for what reason it is unnecessary to
+inquire, essentially colonists, much more so as respects the mass than
+those of Scotland and England, and in no country or clime have they
+found a more hospitable welcome or a more prosperous resting-place than
+in Canada. In Nova Scotia, in New Brunswick, in Prince Edward Island, in
+Quebec, in Ontario, Irishmen and the sons of Irishmen are found in the
+front rank of the professions, of agriculture, of industrial enterprise,
+while in the affairs of State they exert a large and legitimate
+influence. Any one acquainted with the commercial life of Halifax, or
+Montreal, and the agricultural districts of Ontario, will bear witness
+that no more loyal and law-abiding, no more intelligent and progressive,
+no more industrious and thrifty people than the descendants of Irishmen
+are to be found. As to the progress of the race in Montreal, Mr. Curran
+was able to present many interesting facts. From a community so small
+that, in the expressive words of the late Dr. Benjamin Workman, a
+good-sized parlor carpet would cover all the worshippers in the church,
+they have grown, by continuous and healthy progression, into a
+population of thousands, possessed of wealth, of influence, of activity,
+of loyal citizenship, with its established schools, its district
+congregations, its charitable institutions, its temperance societies,
+which have administered the pledge to more than twenty-five thousand
+people. In the two facts that since 1867 the assessed value of real
+estate possessed by the Irish people in Montreal has increased from
+$3,500,000 to more than $12,000,000, and that on the books of the City
+and District Savings Bank there are eleven thousand Irish names, mostly
+of the working classes, whose deposits exceed $2,000,000, the highest
+testimony of the industry and opportunity of the race is found. The
+prosperity of the Irish is not singular in this free country, but,
+brought out as Mr. Curran has done, it serves to exemplify the splendid
+field for honest toil Canada affords.</p>
+
+
+<h4>The French in Canada.</h4>
+
+<p>An Ottawa correspondent writes:&mdash;The race prejudices between the French
+and Anglo-Saxon elements of the country seem to be acquiring violent
+vitality. Such a consummation as a fusion of the two races is out of all
+calculation. The French Canadians will continue, as they have always
+been, isolated from their fellow Canadians; nor would this matter very
+much if good feeling and mutual tolerance prevailed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> between the two
+races. An incident has just fanned this race animosity into a flame. A
+Toronto newspaper recently libelled a French Canadian regiment which was
+sent on service to the North-West. This regiment, for obvious reasons,
+was not sent where there was any chance of its being employed against
+Riel's Half-breeds. The editor was brought from Toronto to Montreal to
+answer for his writing before the Law Courts, and has just been
+condemned to pay a fine of two hundred dollars. As the editor left the
+court, a French Canadian officer attacked him with a whip, and in the
+street he was surrounded by a furious mob, incited by the inflammatory
+articles which the French papers of Montreal had been daily publishing
+during the course of the trial. To crown all, whilst endeavoring to
+defend himself from this violence, the hapless editor was arrested by
+the police and dragged before the police magistrate, who very properly
+discharged him. But the editor is a Toronto man, and now Toronto has
+indignantly taken up his cause, raising subscriptions to indemnify him
+for the cost of the trial&mdash;the "persecution," as it is called&mdash;and
+organizing an anti-French movement. All this is very regrettable seeing
+that the future of the Dominion depends so much upon a state of harmony
+between the rival races. There are indications clear and unmistakable
+that French Canada is yielding to a tendency towards old France, which
+can have none other than a sinister effect upon the prospects of this
+country if permitted to develop.</p>
+
+
+<h4>Quebec Province.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Toronto Mail:</i> To-day there are in Quebec three universities, namely,
+Laval, McGill, and Lennoxville, three hundred secondary colleges and
+academies, three Normal schools, twenty-five special schools, and about
+six thousand primary schools, each grade of school being conducted on
+the principle that it is better to teach a pupil little and teach it
+well, than to turn him loose upon the world crammed with a smattering of
+everything and a knowledge of nothing. The expenditure on education is a
+large and constantly increasing item in the Provincial accounts; but the
+people cheerfully pay it, for they are well aware that intelligence is
+the first condition of success in modern life. [Intelligence and
+education are not synonyms.]</p>
+
+<p>Whatever may be the result, in the future, of the experiment of erecting
+a French nationality in Canada, it is only right to say that the
+builders are building well, and setting an example of energy, courage
+and unity which we, in this richer province, might do worse than follow.</p>
+
+
+<h4>Dominion Misrule.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Toronto Tribune:</i> The Rev. P&egrave;re Andre, superior of the Oblate Fathers
+in the Northwest Territories, says the "rebellion" is chargeable to the
+abnormal system of government to which the country had been subjected.
+He affirms that if there had been a responsible government with
+authority and power to remedy the grievances of the half-breeds, there
+would have been no "rebellion." He maintains that the <i>r&ocirc;le</i> played by
+Riel in the "rebellion" was forced upon him. Listen to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> Father Andre's
+own words: "It can, in all truth, be stated, and the affirmations of the
+government to the contrary will not destroy the fact, that it was the
+guilty negligence of the government at Ottawa that brought Riel into the
+country. The half-breeds, exasperated at seeing themselves despised, and
+at being unable to obtain the slightest justice, thought the only means
+left to them to secure the rights which they demanded was to send for
+Riel. He, in their opinion, was the only man capable of bringing the
+authorities at Ottawa to reason. Riel came, and we know the ruin which
+he gathered about him, but the government may well say <i>mea culpa</i> for
+their delay in taking measures which would have preserved the peace of
+the country."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Old_Years_Army_of_Martyrs" id="The_Old_Years_Army_of_Martyrs"></a>The Old Year's Army of Martyrs.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The year just past will long be known in the missions of the East as the
+year of martyrs. In presence of its events, it seems almost wrong to
+call only the early age of Christianity the Age of Martyrs. Brief
+accounts have already been given in the public prints; but our readers
+will be glad to have copious extracts from the letters of the survivors
+among the missionaries, who have seen their flocks, with their brethren,
+slaughtered by thousands. We give these the more willingly, as there has
+so far been no full review of Catholic Mission work in the English
+language. This tale of steadfastness in faith is also a new incentive to
+love of the Sacred Heart of our Lord.</p>
+
+<p>Mgr. Colombert, vicar-apostolic of Eastern Cochin China, writes under
+date of August 29, 1885: "This mission, tranquil and flourishing two
+months ago, is now blotted out. There is no longer any doubt that
+twenty-four thousand Christians have been horribly massacred.... The
+mission of Eastern Cochin China is utterly ruined. It has no longer a
+single one of its numerous establishments! Two hundred and sixty
+churches, priests' houses, schools, orphan asylums, everything is
+reduced to ashes. The work done during two hundred and fifty years must
+be begun anew. There is not a single Christian house left standing....
+The Christians have seen the massacre of their brethren and the
+conflagration of their houses. They have experienced the pangs of
+hunger, and have felt the heat of the sun on the burning sands. They
+must now undergo the hardships of exile, far from their native land and
+the graves of their forefathers."</p>
+
+<p>During this time of terror and destruction, several priests had lost
+their lives, some under circumstances of horrible barbarity. New
+telegrams continued to announce to the Christians of the West that their
+brethren were daily called on to lay down their lives. Thus, on the 17th
+of October, a dispatch to the venerable superior of the seminary of
+Foreign Missions at Paris, announced that, besides one more missionary
+and ten native priests, seven thousand Christians had just been
+massacred. Letters, which arrived later, contained painful par<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span>ticulars
+of what had before been known only in its general outline of horror.</p>
+
+<p>Five of the refugee missionaries wrote on the 15th of August: "We dare
+not enter into new details on this catastrophe. We will only say that to
+find in history a disaster to be compared to ours, it would be necessary
+to go back beyond the Sicilian Vespers, to the acts of vandalism of the
+savage hordes which swept over, one by one, the vast provinces of the
+Roman empire. A fact which adds to the horror is that this series of
+slaughters and butcheries of our Christians has been done in a country
+without means of communication or defence. In this way conflagration and
+carnage have spread as widely as our Catholic parishes were numerous.
+They were scattered here and there over a great extent of territory,
+from the north to the south. On this account the murderers and
+incendiaries have been able to accomplish their infamous designs with
+impunity. We believe that never have there been seen so many massacres
+and conflagrations, following one on the other for two or three weeks
+continuously, on so vast a scale and at so many points at the same time,
+with such ferocity and rage on the part of unnatural fellow-countrymen
+who were exterminating their unarmed brothers.</p>
+
+<p>"Alas! our souls are sad unto death at the sight of the extent of our
+misfortunes. New dispatches will soon inform you how many survivors are
+left of twenty-nine missionaries and seventeen native priests, of more
+than forty male teachers of religion, of one hundred and twenty students
+of Latin and theology, of four hundred and fifty native religious
+sisters, and of forty-one thousand Christians.</p>
+
+<p>"In order that these almost incredible misfortunes may not be thought
+exaggerated, even by those who are ill-disposed, God has permitted that
+laymen in great number&mdash;officers and soldiers of the French post,
+officers and sailors of the war-ship moored in the harbor of Qui-nhon,
+the crew and passengers of the steamer which came to port August
+5th&mdash;should witness the horrible sight of ten or twelve different
+centres of conflagration. There were as many fires as there were
+Christian settlements. These lighted up the horizon all along the shore
+for several miles. The officers, soldiers, and travellers were for the
+most part strangers, and in some cases indifferent to everything that
+concerns the missions. They have seen with their own eyes and with
+lively emotion the greatness of the disasters which have befallen us....
+Missionaries and Christians, we have literally been deprived of
+everything: clothing, houses, rice, vestments for the celebration of the
+holy Mass and the administration of the sacraments, books; we are in
+need of everything. Scarcely one of us was able to save any part of his
+possessions. But that which has the most saddened us missionaries, is to
+have been forced to be present, down-hearted and powerless, during the
+ruin and extermination of our Christians. How many times have we
+repeated the words of Scripture: <i>I saw the oppressions that are done
+under the sun, and the tears of the innocent, and they had no comforter:
+and they were not able to resist their violence, being destitute of help
+from any. And I praised the dead rather than the living.</i> (Eccl. iv.
+1-2.) Yes, happy are those among us who died before wit<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span>nessing all
+these calamities, in comparison of which a typhoon, an inundation, even
+a pestilence, would seem only ordinary misfortunes."</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>The Messenger of the Sacred Heart.</i>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Parnells_Strength" id="Parnells_Strength"></a>Parnell's Strength.</h2>
+
+<p>Mr. Parnell will have eighty-six followers in the new Parliament. From
+biographical sketches of them the following facts have been
+gleaned:&mdash;Twenty-three have had some collegiate education; twenty-five
+have sat in previous Parliaments; nine of them are lawyers, six editors,
+four magistrates, four merchants, three physicians, two educational
+workers, two drapers, three tavern-keepers, four farmers, two grocers,
+one carpenter, one blacksmith, one florist, one watchmaker, one tailor,
+one dancing-saloon owner, and one manager of a dancing-school. There are
+also a brewer, an ex-Lord Mayor of Dublin, a Secretary to the Lord Mayor
+of Dublin, a Baronet, and a Knight. It appears that the members are
+mostly men of the middle classes, who labor in some profession or trade
+for a living. Only two men with titles are on the list. The plebeian
+calling and humble origin of so many of the new Irish members has thrown
+the English aristocrats into a frightful state of mind, and the landed
+gentry who are to be rubbed against by these mudsills in St. Stephen's
+have lashed themselves into a fury upon the subject. To add to the
+enormity of the offence, these men do not do business by wholesale, or
+on a large scale, but are mere humble tradesmen, publicans, and
+artisans. The grocers, for instance, are common green grocers, who wait
+on patrons with aprons tied about their waists, and the carpenter,
+blacksmith, tailor, and others, actually work with their hands! The
+Tories feel that evil days have fallen upon the land. They deplore the
+fact that the system of non-payment of members, which has so long kept
+poor men out of Parliament, has been broken down. They point out that if
+the Irish are allowed to pay their own members, and even to send to
+America for money for that purpose, the pernicious system will soon
+spread to England, and the House of Commons will be utterly debased.
+Some irritation against America is also expressed. Of course, the Tories
+say, they could expect nothing better from the Irish in America; but of
+those Americans who promoted or patronized the fund, they speak in terms
+of both sorrow and anger. The <i>St. James's Gazette</i>, after pointing out
+the plebeian character of the Parnellite members, says: "Are these
+capable to reproduce the ancient glories of Parliament? Shall they
+dominate the inheritors of the great names which have made Parliament
+illustrious?" The Radicals rather enjoy the situation. Many of them are
+taking up the cudgels in Ireland's behalf, in the hope that the Irish
+new-comers will unite with the British workingmen, who have been elected
+by the Radicals. There are about a dozen of such members elect. They
+include a mason, a glass-blower, a tailor, a boot-maker, and a laborer.
+The Radical papers urge the workingmen and self-made men, from both
+sides of the Irish Channel, to combine and beard the aristocrats in
+their hereditary den&mdash;the House of Commons.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>Irish-American.</i>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_Silly_Threat" id="A_Silly_Threat"></a>A Silly Threat.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The statement that English "Liberal" employers are about to discharge
+Irish workingmen throughout Great Britain, because they voted with
+Parnell, is ridiculous on its face, and is worthy only of the malignant
+genius of the persons who supply cable news to a portion of the American
+press. The same canard was started on the world's rounds immediately
+after the London explosions of a year ago. All this kind of nonsense is
+originated in the press rooms of London for the purpose of diminishing
+the Irish-American activity in the Irish cause. The originators are
+silly enough to believe that the Irish in the United States might stop
+aiding Mr. Parnell if they thought their kindred in England would be
+made to suffer by the agitation.</p>
+
+<p>Great causes cannot consider the sufferings of individuals, or
+aggregations of individuals, in working out their objects. Whether a few
+suffer or whether millions suffer cuts no figure in a fight for
+principle, or for the greatest good of the greatest number. If mankind
+were constructed on that chicken-hearted basis, no great movement for
+the benefit of the human race could ever have succeeded. It was not
+pleasant for the American Revolutionists, most of whom were husbands and
+fathers, to be compelled to leave their families unprotected, and, in
+many cases exposed to the attacks of England's savage allies, for the
+purpose of joining the patriot ranks under the leadership of Washington.</p>
+
+<p>When the soldiers of the French Republic rushed to arms, and defended
+France successfully against all Europe, during the last decade of the
+eighteenth century, they did not think of the privations of the bivouac,
+of the horrors of the battlefield, of the sorrow of their families, they
+thought only of France and of liberty.</p>
+
+<p>In the War of the Rebellion millions of Union men sacrificed home, wife,
+children, all that could make life dear, for what they believed to be a
+cause superior to all domestic considerations. They died by hundreds of
+thousands, and, in too many cases, left their families destitute; but
+they saved the Union and thus preserved freedom, prosperity and
+happiness to the countless millions of America's future.</p>
+
+<p>So is it with the cause of Ireland. Even should some English employers
+discharge thousands of their Irish workmen, which is highly improbable,
+that is no reason why the Irish people should abandon the path of duty.
+If Ireland should attain her freedom, it will not be long necessary for
+Irish working people to be dependent on Englishmen, or other foreigners,
+for a livelihood. They will find enough to do at home, in developing the
+resources and winning back the lost industries of their country.
+Americans were not afraid to give up one million men to the sword that
+the republic might be saved. Irishmen in America or elsewhere cannot be
+terrified into neutrality by a threat that a few thousands of their
+kindred in Great Britain may be thrown out of employment because of
+Parnell's agitation.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>The Citizen</i>, Chicago.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="The_Pope_on_Christian_Education" id="The_Pope_on_Christian_Education"></a>The Pope on Christian Education.</h2>
+
+<h4>LETTER OF LEO XIII. TO THE PRELATES OF ENGLAND ON THE ABSOLUTE NECESSITY
+OF RELIGION IN THE SCHOOLS.</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in"><span class="smcap">To Our Venerable Brethren, Henry Edward, Cardinal Priest of the
+Holy Roman Church, of the Title of Sts. Andrew and Gregory on the
+C&oelig;lian Hill, Archbishop of Westminster, and the other Bishops of
+England, Pope Leo XIII.</span></p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p><i>Venerable Brethren</i>, <i>Health and Apostolic Benediction</i>&mdash;Your proved
+fidelity and singular devotion to this Apostolic See are admirably shown
+in the letter which we have lately received from you. Our pleasure in
+receiving it is indeed increased by the further knowledge which it gives
+us of your great vigilance and anxiety in a matter where no care can be
+too great; we mean the Christian education of your children, upon which
+you have lately taken counsel together, and have reported to us the
+decisions to which you came.</p>
+
+<p>In this work of so great moment, venerable brethren, we rejoice much to
+see that you do not work alone; for we know how much is due to the whole
+body of your clergy. With the greatest charity, and with unconquered
+efforts, they have provided schools for their children; and with
+wonderful diligence and assiduity, they endeavor by their teaching to
+form them to a Christian life, and to instruct them in the elements of
+knowledge. Wherefore, with all the encouragement and praise that our
+voice can give, we bid your clergy to go on in their meritorious work,
+and to be assured of our special commendation and good-will, looking
+forward to a far greater reward from our Lord God, for whose sake they
+are laboring.</p>
+
+<p>Not less worthy of commendation is the generosity of Catholics in this
+matter. We know how readily they supply what is needed for the
+maintenance of schools; not only those who are wealthy, but those, also,
+who are of slender means and poor; and it is beautiful to see how, often
+from the earnings of their poverty, they willingly contribute to the
+education of children.</p>
+
+<p>In these days, and in the present condition of the world, when the
+tender age of childhood is threatened on every side by so many and such
+various dangers, hardly anything can be imagined more fitting than the
+union with literary instruction of sound teaching in faith and morals.
+For this reason, we have more than once said that we strongly approve of
+the voluntary schools, which, by the work and liberality of private
+individuals, have been established in France, in Belgium, in America,
+and in the Colonies of the British Empire. We desire their increase, as
+much as possible, and that they may flourish in the number of their
+scholars. We ourselves also, seeing the condition of things in this
+city, continue, with the greatest effort and at great cost to provide an
+abundance of such schools for the children of Rome. For it is in, and
+by, these schools that the Catholic faith, our greatest and best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>
+inheritance, is preserved whole and entire. In these schools the liberty
+of parents is respected; and, what is most needed, especially in the
+prevailing license of opinion and of action, it is by these schools that
+good citizens are brought up for the State; for there is no better
+citizen than the man who has believed and practiced the Christian faith
+from his childhood. The beginning, and, as it were, the seed of that
+human perfection which Jesus Christ gave to mankind, are to be found in
+the Christian education of the young: for the future condition of the
+State depends upon the early training of its children. The wisdom of our
+forefathers, and the very foundations of the State, are ruined by the
+destructive error of those who would have children brought up without
+religious education. You see, therefore, venerable brethren, with what
+earnest forethought parents must beware of intrusting their children to
+schools in which they cannot receive religious teaching.</p>
+
+<p>In your country of Great Britain, we know that, besides yourselves, very
+many of your nation are not a little anxious about religious education.
+They do not in all things agree with us; nevertheless they see how
+important, for the sake both of society and of men individually, is the
+preservation of that Christian wisdom which your forefathers received,
+through St. Augustine, from our predecessor, Gregory the Great; which
+wisdom the violent tempests that came afterwards have not entirely
+scattered. There are, as we know, at this day, many of an excellent
+disposition of mind who are diligently striving to retain what they can
+of the ancient faith, and who bring forth many and great fruits of
+charity. As often as we think of this, so often are we deeply moved; for
+we love with a paternal charity that island which was not undeservedly
+called the Mother of Saints; and we see, in the disposition of mind of
+which we have spoken, the greatest hope, and, as it were, a pledge of
+the welfare and prosperity of the British people.</p>
+
+<p>Go on, therefore, venerable brethren, in making the young your chief
+care; press onward in every way your episcopal work, and cultivate with
+alacrity and hopefulness whatever good seeds you find; for God, who is
+rich in mercy, will give the increase.</p>
+
+<p>As a pledge of gifts from above, and in witness of our good-will, we
+lovingly grant in the Lord to you, and to the clergy and people
+committed to each one of you, the Apostolic Benediction.</p>
+
+<p>Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, on the 27th day of November, in the year
+1885, in the eighth year of our Pontificate.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span class="smcap">Leo PP. XIII.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Bishop Spalding on Stimulants.</span>&mdash;I hate drink, because it destroys the
+good in life. I find in my own experience that I am more myself, while
+under total abstinence, than when I was a moderate drinker. Life is
+sweeter, fonder, freer to me as a total abstainer than as a moderate
+drinker. So I say, if you want to get the most out of your life, if you
+want to sympathize with your fellow-man, to feel the true force of your
+beginning, abstain from alcoholic stimulants.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Te_Deum" id="Te_Deum"></a>Te Deum.</h2>
+
+<p>The course of the general election has surpassed the most sanguine
+expectations of the Irish leader. Our success has been such as might
+well take our breath away with joy. The Irish race at home and in the
+stranger's land have risen to the height of the great crisis with a
+unity and soldier-like discipline absolutely unparalleled in the world's
+history, and their magnificent enthusiasm has swept all before it. Three
+grand results may already be chalked up, and they involve triumphs that
+a few years ago would have been deemed the ideal of crazy dreamers. The
+Nominal Home Rulers are effaced to a man. The once proud Irish Whig
+party, who for a quarter of a century held undisputed sway over the
+Irish representation, is literally annihilated. If Mr. Dickson should be
+a solitary survivor, he will survive not as a living force in Irish
+politics, but as the one bleak and woe-begone specimen now extant of a
+race of politicians who once swarmed over four-fifths of the
+constituencies of this island. The third great achievement of the
+election campaign, and the mightiest of all, is that the Irish vote in
+England has been proved to demonstration to be able to trim and balance
+English parties to its liking, and consequently to make the Irish vote
+in Ireland the supreme power in the English legislature. It is
+impossible to over-estimate the magnitude of these results. The causes
+of joy are absolutely bewildering in number. A few years ago, the
+National voice in Ireland was heard only as a faint, distant murmur at
+Westminster. It could only rumble under ground in Ireland, and every
+outward symptom of Irish disaffection could be suppressed with the iron
+hand without causing one quiver of uneasiness at Westminster, much less
+shaking Ministries and revolutionizing parties. Even at home Nationalism
+was a shunned creed. It was not respectable. The few exponents it
+occasionally sent to Parliament were regarded as oddities. The mass of
+the Irish representation were as thoroughly English party-men as if they
+were returned from Yorkshire. To-day what an enchanted transformation
+scene!</p>
+
+<p>A month since Mr. Parnell's party was but a fraction of the Irish
+representation. The Irish Whigs and Nominal Home Rulers combined
+outnumbered them, without counting the solid phalanx of Ulster Tories.
+Where are the three opposing factions to-day? The Nominal Home Rulers
+have died off without a groan. The Northern Whigs have committed suicide
+by one of the most infatuated strokes of folly ever recorded in
+political annals. The Tories have shrunk within the borders of one out
+of thirty-two counties in Ireland, with precarious outposts in three
+others; and they are beside themselves with exultation because they have
+managed to save Derry and Belfast themselves by a neck from the jaws of
+all-devouring Nationalism. Nor is the seizing possession of
+seven-eighths of the Irish representation the only or even the greatest
+fact of the day. The Nationalists have not only won, but over
+four-fifths of the country they have reduced their opponents to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> a
+laughing-stock in the tiny minorities in which the Loyal and Patriotic
+Union have obligingly exhibited them. The overwhelming character of the
+Nationalist victory would not have been a tithe so impressive had not
+our malignant enemies insisted upon coming out in the daylight in review
+order, and displaying their pigmy insignificance to a wondering world. A
+string of uncontested elections would have passed off monotonously
+unimaginatively. It would have been said the country was simply dumb and
+tame and terrorized. But the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union have
+guarded us against any mistake of that sort. They valiantly spent their
+fifty thousand pounds in challenging the verdict of the country, and the
+country is answering in thunder-tones that will reverberate to the most
+distant times. Uncontested elections in Dublin City, for example, would
+have attracted but little notice. It was known that the Nationalists
+were in overwhelming strength on the register; but the croakers of the
+<i>Scotch Times and Express</i> might still have exercised their imagination
+in bragging what wonders the loyalists might have performed, if they
+thought it worth while. But the Loyal and Patriotic Union heroically
+determined that national spirit in Dublin should not be allowed merely
+to smoulder for want of fuel. They determined to brand their faction
+with impotence in eternal black and white. They delivered their
+challenge with the insolence and malignity of their progenitors of the
+Penal Days, and the result was such a tornado of national feeling as
+never shook the Irish capital before; a tornado before which the pigmies
+who raised it are shivering in affright. Magnificent as are the results
+in Ireland, however, our countrymen in England have achieved the real
+marvels of the campaign. They have brought the towering Liberal majority
+tumbling like a house of cards. They have in fifty-five constituencies
+set up or knocked down English candidates like ninepins. With the one
+unhappy exception of Glasgow, where tenderness for a Scotch radical gave
+a seat to Mr. Mitchel-Henry, the superb discipline of the Irish
+electorate has extorted the homage as well as the consternation of
+English party managers. They have made Mr. Parnell as supreme between
+rival English parties as the Irish constituencies have effaced the Whig
+and Nominal factions who disputed his supremacy. Ten thousand times,
+well done, ye brave and faithful Irish exiles. On the day of Ireland's
+liberation you will deserve to rank high in the glorious roll of her
+deliverers.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<i>United Ireland</i>, Dublin.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Eighty-Six to Eighteen.</span>&mdash;This is the way the Irish representation now
+stands, eighty-six men in favor of making Ireland a nation, eighteen
+wanting to keep her a province, and a province on which they can
+selfishly batten. The elections in every way have borne out the forecast
+of the Irish leaders, who calculated eighty-five as the minimum strength
+of the National party. Mr. Gladstone will now be gratified to learn that
+in response to his late Midlothian addresses, this nation has spoken out
+in a manner which cannot be falsified or gainsaid, demanding the
+restoration of its stolen Parliament. The loyalists, with all the power
+of England at their back, and money galore at their command,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> can point
+to only one whole county out of the thirty-two which has remained solid
+for the Union. Antrim alone sends up a solid Tory representation, and
+with it the only vestige that is left of the "Imperial Province" is
+some fragments of Down, Derry and Armagh&mdash;in all of which the
+Nationalists also have won a seat. On the other hand, in four Northern
+counties&mdash;Monaghan, Cavan, Fermanagh and Donegal, the loyalists have not
+carried a single division, and won only one out of four in Tyrone. How
+much more "unity" do the English want? The excuse hitherto has been that
+Home Rule could not be granted because Ireland was itself divided on the
+subject; but even that wretched pretence is now forever at an end, for
+almost since the dawn of history no such practical unanimity was ever
+shown by any nation.</p></blockquote>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Rapidity_of_Times_Flight" id="Rapidity_of_Times_Flight"></a>Rapidity of Time's Flight.</h2>
+
+<p>Swiftly glide the years of our lives. They follow each other like the
+waves of the ocean. Memory calls up the persons we once knew&mdash;the scenes
+in which we were once actors. They appear before the mind like the
+phantoms of a night vision. Behold the boy rejoicing in the gayety of
+his soul. The wheels of Time cannot move too rapidly for him. The light
+of hope dances in his eyes; the smile of expectation plays with his
+lips. He looks forward to long years of joy to come; his spirit burns
+within him when he hears of great men and mighty deeds; he longs to
+mount the hill of ambition, to tread the path of honor, to hear the
+shouts of applause. Look at him again. He is now in the meridian of
+life; care has stamped its wrinkles upon his brow; disappointment has
+dimmed the lustre of his eye; sorrow has thrown its gloom upon his
+countenance. He looks backward upon the waking dreams of his youth, and
+sighs for their futility. Each revolving year seems to diminish
+something from his little stock of happiness, and discovers that the
+season of youth, when the pulse of anticipation beats high, is the only
+season of enjoyment. Who is he of aged locks? His form is bent and
+totters, his footsteps move but rapidly toward the tomb. He looks back
+upon the past; his days appear to have been few; the magnificence of the
+great is to him vanity; the hilarity of youth, folly; he considers how
+soon the gloom of death must overshadow the one and disappoint the
+other. The world presents little to attract and nothing to delight him.
+A few more years of infirmity, inanity and pain must consign him to
+idiocy or the grave. Yet this was the gay, the generous, the high-souled
+boy who beheld the ascending path of life strewn with flowers without a
+thorn. Such is human life; but such cannot be the ultimate destinies of
+man.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<blockquote><p>The best education in the world is that got by struggling for a
+living.&mdash;<i>Wendell Phillips</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Juvenile_Department" id="Juvenile_Department"></a>Juvenile Department.</h2>
+
+<h4>CHOOSING OCCUPATIONS.</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Five little girls sat down to talk one day beside the brook.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Miss Lizzie said when she grew up she meant to write a book;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And then the others had to laugh, till tears were in their eyes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To think of Lizzie's writing books, and see her look so wise.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Miss Lucy said she always thought she'd like to teach a school,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And make the horrid, ugly boys obey her strictest rule.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Miss Minnie said she'd keep a shop where all the rest must buy,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And they agreed to patronize, if "prices weren't too high."</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Miss Ada said she'd marry rich, and wear a diamond ring,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And give a party every night, "and never do a thing!"</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But Nellie, youngest of them all, shook out each tumbled curl,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And said she'd always stay at home, and be her mother's girl.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h4>A CHILD AND A WASP.</h4>
+
+<p>Among the passengers on a train going West, was a very much over-dressed
+woman, accompanied by a bright-looking Irish nurse girl, who had charge
+of a self-willed, tyrannical two-year-old boy, of whom the over-dressed
+woman was plainly the mother. The mother occupied a seat by herself. The
+nurse and child were in a seat immediately in front of her. The child
+gave frequent exhibitions of temper, and kept the car filled with such
+vicious yells and shrieks, that there was a general feeling of savage
+indignation among the passengers. Although he time and again spat in his
+nurse's face, scratched her hands until the blood came, and tore at her
+hair and bonnet, she bore with him patiently. The indignation of the
+passengers was made the greater because the child's mother made no
+effort to correct or quiet him, but, on the contrary, sharply chided the
+nurse whenever she manifested any firmness. Whatever the boy yelped for,
+the mother's cry was, uniformly: "Let him have it, Mary." The feelings
+of the passengers had been wrought up to the boiling point. The remark
+was made: audibly here and there that "it would be worth paying for to
+have the young one chucked out of the window." The hopeful's mother was
+not moved by the very evident annoyance the passengers felt, and at last
+fixed herself down in her seat for a comfortable nap. The child had just
+slapped the nurse in her face for the hundredth time, and was preparing
+for a fresh attack, when a wasp came from somewhere in the car and flew
+against the window of the nurse's seat. The boy at once<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> made a dive for
+the wasp as it struggled upward on the glass. The nurse quickly caught
+his hand, and said to him coaxingly: "Harry, mustn't touch! Bug will
+bite Harry!" Harry gave a savage yell, and began to kick and slap the
+nurse. The mother awoke from her nap. She heard her son's screams, and,
+without lifting her head or opening her eyes, she cried out sharply to
+the nurse: "Why will you tease that child so, Mary? Let him have it at
+once!" Mary let go of Harry. She settled back in her seat with an air of
+resignation; but there was a sparkle in her eye. The boy clutched at the
+wasp, and finally caught it. The yell that followed caused joy to the
+entire car, for every eye was on the boy. The mother woke again. "Mary,"
+she cried, "let him have it!" Mary turned calmly in her seat, and with a
+wicked twinkle in her eye said: "Sure, he's got it, ma'am!" This brought
+the car down. Every one in it roared. The child's mother rose up in her
+seat with a jerk. When she learned what the matter was, she pulled her
+boy over the back of the seat, and awoke some sympathy for him by laying
+him across her knee and warming him nicely. In ten minutes he was as
+quiet and meek as a lamb, and he never opened his head again until the
+train reached its destination.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="THE_PREHENSILE_TAILED_COENDOU" id="THE_PREHENSILE_TAILED_COENDOU"></a>THE PREHENSILE TAILED COENDOU.</h4>
+
+
+<p>The Havre aquarium has just put on exhibition one of the most curious,
+and especially one of the rarest, of animals&mdash;the prehensile tailed
+coendou (<i>Synetheres prehensilis</i>). It was brought from Venezuela by Mr.
+Equidazu, the commissary of the steamer <i>Colombie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Brehm says that never but two have been seen&mdash;one of them at the Hamburg
+zoological garden, and the other at London. The one under consideration,
+then, would be the third specimen that has been brought alive to Europe.</p>
+
+<p>This animal, which is allied to the porcupines, is about three and a
+half feet long. The tail alone, is one and a half feet in length. The
+entire body, save the belly and paws, is covered with quills, which
+absolutely hide the fur. Upon the back, where these quills are longest
+(about four inches), they are strong, cylindrical, shining,
+sharp-pointed, white at the tip and base, and blackish-brown in the
+middle. The animal, in addition, has long and strong mustaches. The
+paws, anterior and posterior, have four fingers armed with strong nails,
+which are curved, and nearly cylindrical at the base.</p>
+
+<p>Very little is known about the habits of the animal. All that we do know
+is, that it passes the day in slumber at the top of a tree, and that it
+prowls about at night, its food consisting chiefly of leaves of all
+kinds. When it wishes to descend from one branch to another, it suspends
+itself by the tail, and lets go of the first only when it has a firm
+hold of the other.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One peculiarity is that the extremity of the dorsal part of the tail is
+prehensile. This portion is deprived of quills for a length of about six
+inches.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 483px;">
+<img src="images/fig069-450dpi.jpg" width="483" height="600" alt="" title="THE PREHENSILE TAILED COENDOU" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The coendou does not like to be disturbed. When it is, it advances
+toward the intruder, and endeavors to frighten him by raising its quills
+all over its body. The natives of Central America eat its flesh and
+employ its quills for various domestic purposes.</p>
+
+<p>The animal is quite extensively distributed throughout South America. It
+is found in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, and in some of the
+Lesser Antilles, such as Trinidad, Barbados, Saint Lucia, etc.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="LITTLE_QUEEN_PET_AND_HER_KINGDOM" id="LITTLE_QUEEN_PET_AND_HER_KINGDOM"></a>LITTLE QUEEN PET AND HER KINGDOM.</h4>
+
+
+<p>With these words the stranger vanished, and Pet trotted on her way
+again, with the clock and key in her pocket.</p>
+
+<p>She had not gone far till she began to notice a great many little cabins
+and cottages about the country, which looked very bare and
+uncomfortable. "Surely these must belong to the poor!" she thought; "and
+I daresay that is a very poor man who is following the plough over in
+that field."</p>
+
+<p>She walked across the meadows until she reached the ploughman, and
+having noticed that his clothing was very bad indeed, and that he looked
+worn and sad, she formed her wish, and the next moment she was following
+the plough as if she had been at it all her life. She had passed
+completely into the man; there was not a vestige of her left outside of
+him; she felt her hands quite hard and horny; she took great long steps
+over the rough ground; she cried "Gee-up!" to the horses; and she knew
+very well if she could only look into a glass she should see, not Pet
+any more, but the sunburnt man toiling after his plough. She was quite
+bewildered by the change at first, but presently she began to interest
+herself greatly in all the new thoughts that poured into her mind. After
+a time she quite lost sight of her old self, and felt <i>that she was the
+man</i>. She put her horny hand in her pocket, and found that the clock and
+key were there safely, and this consoled her with the thought that she
+was not hopelessly buried in the ploughman. When the sun went down she
+stopped ploughing and went home to a little cottage which was hidden
+among some bushes in a field.</p>
+
+<p>Half a dozen little hungry children, with poor, scanty clothing came
+running to meet her.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, father!" they cried, "mother has been so ill to-day, and neighbor
+Nancy says she will never get well without some wine to make her
+strong!"</p>
+
+<p>The ploughman groaned at hearing this. "Ah," thought he, "where can I
+get money for wine? I can scarcely earn food enough for so many; and who
+will give me wine?"</p>
+
+<p>Pet was greatly distressed at finding these painful thoughts throbbing
+through and through her. "At home in my palace," she said, "everybody
+drinks a bottle of wine a day, and they are not sick, and are all
+strong. I must see about this afterwards." Then she went into the
+cottage, and the first thing she did was to take the clock out of her
+pocket and wind it up with the little key, and hang it on a nail on the
+wall.</p>
+
+<p>"What is that you have got?" said the poor woman from her straw bed.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, it is a clock that a gentleman made me a present of," said the
+ploughman.</p>
+
+<p>The eldest girl now poured out some porridge on a plate and set it down
+before her father. Pet was very hungry, and was glad of anything she
+could get; but she did not like the porridge, and thought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> that it was
+very different indeed from the food she got at home. But while she was
+eating, the poor man's thoughts quite overwhelmed her.</p>
+
+<p>"What is to become of them all?" he thought. "I have ten children, and
+my wages are so small, and food and clothing are so dear. When the poor
+wife was well, she used to look after the cow and poultry, and turn a
+little penny, but now she is not able, and I fear&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, father! father! the cow is dead!" cried four boys, rushing into the
+cottage.</p>
+
+<p>And the poor man bowed his head on the table and groaned.</p>
+
+<p>"Why, this is dreadful!" thought Pet. "Is this really the sort of thing
+that poor people suffer. How I wish the month was up that I might do
+something for them!" And she tried to glance at the clock, but could
+not, because the man kept his eyes bent on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>Pet was kept awake all that night by the ploughman's sad thoughts, and
+very early in the morning she was hard at work again, carrying a heavy
+heart with her all about the fields. Day after day this went on, and she
+was often very hungry, and very sad at hearing the complaints of the
+hungry children, and seeing the pale face of the sick woman. Every day
+things became worse. The ploughman got into debt through trying to
+procure a little wine to save his wife's life, and when rent-day came
+round he had not enough money to pay. Just as things arrived at this
+state, the clock ran down, and Pet, who had taken care to put it in her
+pocket that morning along with the key, suddenly found her own self
+standing alone in the field, watching the poor ploughman following his
+plough, exactly as she had at first beheld him. She at once began
+running away as fast as she could, when she was stopped by her friend
+Time, who stood in her path.</p>
+
+<p>"Where are you running to now?" asked he.</p>
+
+<p>"I am hurrying home to my palace to get money, and wine, and everything
+for these poor people!" cried Pet.</p>
+
+<p>"Gently!" said Time, "I cannot allow it so soon. You must continue your
+experiences and trust the poor ploughman and his family to me; I will
+take care of them till you are able to do something for them. Were you
+to go back to your palace now, you would be kept there, and I should no
+longer be able to stand your friend; on the contrary, I might, perhaps,
+against my will, be forced to prove your enemy. Go on now, and remember
+my instructions."</p>
+
+<p>And he vanished again.</p>
+
+<p>Pet travelled a long way after this, and as she had to beg on the road
+for a little food and a night's lodging, she had very good opportunities
+for seeing the kindness with which the poor behave to each other.
+Mothers, who had hardly enough for their own children to eat, would give
+her a piece of bread without grumbling. At last, one evening, she
+arrived at a splendid large city, and felt quite bewildered with the
+crowds in the streets and the magnificence of the buildings. At first
+she could not see any people who looked very poor; but at last, when
+lingering in front of a very handsome shop window, she noticed a
+shabbily-dressed young girl go in at a side door, and something about
+her sad face made Pet think that this girl was in great distress. She
+formed her wish, and presently found that <i>she</i>, <i>Pet</i>, <i>was the girl</i>.
+Up a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> great many flights of stairs she went, passed gay show-rooms where
+fine ladies were trying on new dresses, and at last she arrived at a
+workroom where many white-faced girls were sewing busily with their
+heads bent down. The little seamstress, who was now one with Pet, had
+been out matching silks for the forewoman of the work, and now she sat
+down with a bright heap of satin on her knees. "Oh, dear!" thought Pet,
+as she threaded her needle, "how very heavy her heart is! I can hardly
+hold it up; and how weak she is? I feel as if she was going to faint!"
+And then Pet became quite occupied with the seamstress's thoughts as she
+had been once with the ploughman's. She went home to the girl's lodging,
+a wretched garret at the top of a wretched house, and there she found a
+poor old woman, the young girl's grandmother, and a little boy asleep on
+some straw. The poor old woman could not sleep with cold, though her
+good grand-daughter covered her over with her own clothes. Pet took care
+to hang up her clock, newly wound, as soon as she went in; and the poor
+old woman was so blind she did not take any notice of it. And, oh, what
+painful dreams Pet had that night in the girl's brain! This poor child's
+heart was torn to pieces by just the same kind of grief and terror which
+had distracted the mind of the ploughman: grief at seeing those she
+loved suffering want in spite of all her exertions for them, terror lest
+they should die of that suffering for need of something that she could
+not procure them. The little boy used to cry with hunger; the young
+seamstress often went to work without having had any breakfast, and with
+only a crust of bread in her pocket. It was a sad time for Pet, and she
+thought it would never pass over. At last, one day the poor girl fell
+ill, and Pet found herself lying on some straw in the corner of the
+garret, burning with fever, and no one near to help her. The poor old
+woman could only weep and mourn; and the boy, who was too young to get
+work to do, sat beside her in despair. Pet heard him say to himself at
+last, "I will go and beg; she told me not, but I must do something for
+her." And away he went but came back sobbing. Nobody would give him
+anything; everybody told him he ought to be at school. "And so I should
+be if she were well," he cried; "but I can't go and leave her here to
+die!" The sufferings of the poor girl were greatly increased by her
+brother's misery; and what was her horror when she heard him mutter
+suddenly: "I will go and steal something. The shops are full of
+everything. I <i>won't</i> let her die!" Then before she had time to stop him
+he had darted out of the room.</p>
+
+<p>Just at this moment Pet's clock ran down, and she flew off, forgetting
+Time's commands, and only bent on reaching her palace. But her strange
+friend appeared in her path as before.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, <i>don't</i> stop me!" cried Pet. "The girl will die, and the boy will
+turn out a thief!"</p>
+
+<p>"Leave them to me! leave them to me!" said Time, "and go on obediently
+doing as I bid you."</p>
+
+<p>Pet went away in tears this time, still fancying she could feel the poor
+sick girl's woful heart beating in her own breast. But by-and-by she
+cheered herself, remembering Time's promise, and hurried on as fast as
+she could. She met with a great many sad people after this,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> and lived a
+great many different lives, so that she became quite familiar with all
+the sorrows and difficulties of the poor. She reflected that it was a
+very sad thing that there should be so much distress in her rich
+kingdom, and felt much puzzled to know how she could remedy the matter.
+One day, having just left an extremely wretched family, she travelled a
+long way without stopping, and she had not seen a very poor-looking
+dwelling for many miles. All the people she met seemed happy and merry,
+and they sang over their work as if they had very little care. When she
+peeped into the little roadside houses she found that they were neatly
+furnished and comfortable. Even in the towns she could not find any
+starving people, except a few wicked ones who would not take the trouble
+to be industrious. At last she asked a man what was the reason that she
+could not meet with any miserable people?</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," he said, "it is because of our good king; his laws are so wise
+that nobody is allowed to want."</p>
+
+<p>"Where does he live? and what country is this?" asked Pet.</p>
+
+<p>"This is Silver-country," said the man, "and our king lives over yonder
+in a castle built of blocks of silver ornamented with rubies and
+pearls."</p>
+
+<p>Pet then remembered that she had heard her nurses talk about
+Silver-country, which was the neighboring country to her own. She
+immediately longed to see this wise king and learn his laws, so that she
+might know how to behave when she came to sit on her throne, and she
+trotted on towards the Silver Castle, which now began to rise out of a
+wreath of clouds in the distance. Arrived at the place, she crept up to
+the windows of the great dining-hall and peeped in, and there was the
+good king sitting at his table in a mantle of cloth of silver, and a
+glorious crown, wrought most exquisitely out of the good wishes of his
+people, encircling his head. Opposite to him sat his beautiful queen,
+and beside him a noble-looking lad who was his only son. Pet, seeing
+this happy sight, immediately formed her wish, and in another moment
+found herself the king of Silver-country sitting at the head of his
+board.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, what a good, great, warm, happy heart it is," thought Pet, and she
+felt more joy than she had ever known in her life before. "A month will
+be quite too short a time to live in this noble being. But I must make
+the best of my time and learn everything I can."</p>
+
+<p>Pet now found her mind filled with the most wonderfully good, wise
+thoughts, and she took great pains to learn them off by heart, so that
+she might keep them in her memory forever. Besides all the education she
+received in this way, she also enjoyed a great happiness, of which she
+had as yet known nothing, the happiness of living in a loving family,
+where there was no terrible sorrow or fear to embitter tender hearts.
+She felt how fondly the king loved his only son, and how sweet it was to
+the king to know that his boy loved him. When the young prince leaned
+against his father's knees and told him all about his sports, Pet would
+remember that she also had had a father, and that he would have loved
+her like this if he had lived. She could have lived here in the Silver
+Castle forever, but that could not be. One day the little gold clock ran
+down and Pet was obliged to hasten away out of Silver-country.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>She made great efforts to remember all the king's wise thoughts, and
+kept repeating his good laws over and over again to herself as she went
+along. She was now back again in her own country, and the first person
+she met was a very miserable-looking old woman who lived in a little mud
+hovel in a forest, and supported herself wretchedly by gathering a few
+sticks for sale. She was so weak, and so often ill that she could not
+earn much, and she was dreadfully lonely, as all her children were dead
+but one; and that one, a brave son whom she loved dearly, had gone away
+across the world in hope of making money for her. He had never come
+back, and she feared that he too was dead. Pet did not know these
+things, of course, until she had formed her wish and was living in the
+old woman.</p>
+
+<p>This was the saddest existence that Pet had experienced yet, and she
+felt very anxious for the month to pass away. After the happiness she
+had enjoyed in Silver-country, the excessive hardship and loneliness of
+the old woman's life seemed very hard to bear. All day long she wandered
+about the woods, picking up sticks and tying them in little bundles,
+and, perhaps, in the end she would only receive a penny for the work of
+her day. Some days she could not leave her hut, and would lie there
+alone without anything to eat.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, my son, my dear son!" she would cry, "where are you now, and will
+you ever come back to me?"</p>
+
+<p>Pet watched her clock very eagerly, longing for the month to come to an
+end; but the clock still kept going and going, as if it never meant to
+stop. For a good while Pet thought that it was only because of her
+unhappiness and impatience that the time seemed so long, but at last she
+discovered to her horror that her key was lost!</p>
+
+<p>All her searches for it proved vain. It was quite evident that the key
+must have dropped through a hole in the old woman's tattered pocket, and
+fallen somewhere among the heaps of dried leaves, or into the wilderness
+of the brushwood of the forest.</p>
+
+<p>"Tick, tick! tick, tick!" went that unmerciful clock from its perch on
+the wall, all through the long days and nights, and poor Pet was in
+despair at the thought of living locked up in the old woman all her
+life. Now, indeed, she could groan most heartily when the old woman
+groaned, and shed bitter tears which rolled plentifully down the old
+woman's wrinkled cheeks and over her nose.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, Time, Time, my friend!" she thought, "will you not come to my
+assistance?"</p>
+
+<p>But though Time fully intended to stand her friend all through her
+troubles, still he did not choose to help her at that particular moment.
+And so days, weeks and months went past; and then the years began to go
+over, and Pet was still locked up in the miserable old woman.</p>
+
+<p>Seven years had passed away and Pet had become in some degree reconciled
+to her sorrowful existence. She wandered about the forest picking up her
+sticks, and trying to cheer herself up a little by gathering bouquets of
+the pretty forest flowers. People passing by often saw the sad figure,
+all in gray hair and tatters, sitting on a trunk of a fallen tree,
+wailing and moaning, and, of course, they thought it was altogether<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> the
+poor old woman lamenting for her son. They never thought of its being
+also Pet, bewailing her dreary imprisonment.</p>
+
+<p>One fine spring morning she went out as usual to pick her sticks, and
+looking up from her work, she saw suddenly a beautiful, noble-looking
+young figure on horseback spring up in a distant glade of violets, and
+come riding towards her as if out of a dream. As the youth came near she
+recognized his bright blue eyes and his silver mantle, and she said to
+herself:</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! I declare, it is the young Prince of Silver-country; only he has
+grown so tall! He has been growing all these years, and is quite a young
+man. And I ought to have been growing too; but I am left behind, only a
+child still: if, indeed, I ever come to stop being an old woman!"</p>
+
+<p>"Will you tell me, my good woman," said the young prince, "if you have
+heard of any person who has lost a little gold key in this forest. I
+have found&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>Pet screamed with delight at these words.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, give it to me, give it to me!" she implored. "It is mine! It is
+mine!"</p>
+
+<p>The prince gave it to her, and no sooner did it touch her hand than the
+clock ran down, and Pet was released from her imprisonment in the old
+woman. Instantly the young prince saw before him a lovely young maiden
+of his own age, for Pet had really been growing all the time though she
+had not known it. The old woman also stared in amazement, not knowing
+where the lady could have come from, and the prince begged Pet to tell
+him who she was, and how she had come there so suddenly. Then all three,
+the prince, Pet, and the old woman, sat upon the trunk of a tree while
+Pet related the story of her life and its adventures.</p>
+
+<p>The old woman was so frightened at the thought that another person had
+been living in her for seven years that she got quite ill; however, the
+prince made her a present of a bright gold coin, and this helped to
+restore her peace of mind.</p>
+
+<p>"And so you lived a whole month among us and we never knew you?" cried
+the prince, in astonishment and delight. "Oh, I hope we shall never part
+again, now that we have met!"</p>
+
+<p>"I hope we shan't!" said Pet; "and won't you come home with me now and
+settle with my Government? for I am dreadfully afraid of it."</p>
+
+<p>So he lifted Pet up on his horse, and she sat behind him; then they bade
+good-by to the old woman, promising not to forget her, and rode off
+through the forests and over the fields to the palace of the kings and
+queens of Goldenlands.</p>
+
+<p>Oh, dear, how delighted the people were to see their little queen coming
+home again. The Government had been behaving dreadfully all this long
+time, and had been most unkind to the kingdom. Everybody knew it was
+really Pet, because she had grown so like her mother, whom they had all
+loved; and besides they quite expected to see her coming, as messengers
+had been sent into all the corners of the world searching for her. As
+these messengers had been gone about eight or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> nine years, the people
+thought it was high time for Queen Pet to appear. The cruel Government,
+however, was in a great fright, as it had counted on being allowed to go
+on reigning for many years longer, and it ran away in a hurry out of the
+back door of the palace, and escaped to the other side of the world;
+where, as nobody knew anything of its bad ways, it was able to begin
+life over again under a new name.</p>
+
+<p>Just at the same moment a fresh excitement broke out among the joyful
+people when it was known that thirty-five of the queen's royal names,
+lost on the day of her christening, had been found at last. And where do
+you think they were found? One had dropped into a far corner of the
+waistcoat pocket of the old clerk, who had been so busy saying "Amen,"
+that he had not noticed the accident. Only yesterday, while making a
+strict search for a small morsel of tobacco to replenish his pipe, had
+he discovered the precious name. Twenty-five more of the names had
+rolled into a mouse-hole, where they had lain snugly hidden among
+generations of young mice ever since; six had been carried off by a most
+audacious sparrow who had built his nest in the rafters of the
+church-roof; and none of these thirty-one names would ever have seen the
+light again only that repairs and decorations were getting made in the
+old building for the coronation of the queen. Last of all, four names
+were brought to the palace by young girls of the village, whose mothers
+had stolen them through vanity on the day of the christening, thinking
+they would be pretty for their own little babes. The girls being now
+grown up had sense enough to know that such finery was not becoming to
+their station; and, besides, they did not see the fun of having names
+which they were obliged to keep secret. So Nancy, Polly, Betsy, and Jane
+(the names they had now chosen instead) brought back their stolen goods
+and restored them to the queen's own hand. The fate of the remaining
+names still remains a mystery.</p>
+
+<p>Now, I daresay, you are wondering what these curious names could have
+been; all I can tell you about them is, that they were very long and
+grand, and hard to pronounce; for, if I were to write them down here for
+you, they would cover a great many pages, and interrupt the story quite
+too much. At all events, they did very well for a queen to be crowned
+by; but I can assure you that nobody who loved the little royal lady
+ever called her anything but Pet.</p>
+
+<p>Well, after this, Pet and the Prince of Silver-country put their heads
+together, and made such beautiful laws that poverty and sorrow vanished
+immediately out of Goldenlands. All the people in whom Pet had lived
+were brought to dwell near the palace, and were made joyous and
+comfortable for the rest of their lives. A special honor was conferred
+on the families of the spiders and the butterfly, who had so
+good-naturedly come to the assistance of the little queen. The old gowns
+were taken out of the wardrobe and given to those who needed them; and
+very much delighted they were to see the light again, though some of the
+poor things had suffered sadly from the moths since the day when they
+had made their complaint to Pet. Full occupation was given to the money
+and the bread-basket; and, in fact, there was not a speck of discontent
+to be found in the whole kingdom.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This being so, there was now leisure for the great festival of the
+marriage and coronation of Queen Pet and the Prince. Such a magnificent
+festival never was heard of before. All the crowned heads of the world
+were present, and among them appeared Pet's old friend Time, dressed up
+so that she scarcely knew him, with a splendid embroidered mantle
+covering his poor bare bones.</p>
+
+<p>"Ah," he said to Pet, "you were near destroying all our plans by your
+carelessness in losing the key! However, I managed to get you out of the
+scrape. See now that you prove a good, obedient wife, and a loving
+mother to all your people, and, if you do, be sure I shall always remain
+your friend, and get you safely out of all your troubles."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, thank you!" said Pet; "you have, indeed, been a good friend to me.
+But&mdash;I never found that jewel that you bid me look for. I quite forgot
+about it!"</p>
+
+<p>"I am having it set in your Majesty's crown," said Time, with a low bow.</p>
+
+<p>Then the rejoicings began; and between ringing of bells, cheering,
+singing, and clapping of hands, there was such an uproarious din of
+delight in Goldenlands that I had to put my fingers in my ears and run
+away! I am very glad, however, that I stayed long enough to pick up this
+story for you; and I hope that my young friends will</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Never forget</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Little Queen Pet,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who was kind to all</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The poor people she met!"</span></p>
+
+<p class="author"><span class="smcap">Rosa Mulholland.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<h4>IN THE SNOW.</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brave little robins,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Cheerily singing,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fear not the snow-storms</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Winter is bringing.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Each to the other</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Music is making,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Courage and comfort</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Giving and taking.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"What," cries Cock Robin,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"Matters the weather,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Since we can always</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Bear it together?"</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Sweet," his mate answers,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Ever brave-hearted,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"None need be pitied</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Till they are parted."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>On the other side of the Atlantic, the little boys used not to celebrate
+Christmas by blowing unmelodious horns. They would assemble in gangs
+before their elder friends, and sing such Christmas Carols as the
+following, which seldom failed to bring the coveted Christmas gift:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"God save you, merry gentlemen,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Let nothing you dismay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For Christ Our Lord and Saviour</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Was born on Christmas Day."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h4>A LITTLE BOY'S GREETING.</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Behold a very little boy</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Who wishes to you here,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In simple words of heartfelt joy</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A happy, bright New Year.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May heaven grant your days increase</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With joys ne'er known before;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In simple words of heartfelt joy</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To-day and ever more.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BOYS_READ_THIS" id="BOYS_READ_THIS"></a>BOYS READ THIS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Many people seem to forget that character grows; that it is not
+something to put on ready made with womanhood or manhood; day by day,
+here a little and there a little, grows with the growth, and strengthens
+with the strength, until, good or bad, it becomes almost a coat of mail.
+Look at a man of business&mdash;prompt, reliable, conscientious, yet
+clear-headed and energetic. When do you suppose he developed all those
+admirable qualities? When he was a boy. Let us see how a boy of ten
+years gets up in the morning, works, plays, studies, and we will tell
+you just what kind of a man he will make. The boy that is late at
+breakfast, late at school, stands a poor chance of being a prompt man.
+The boy who neglects his duties, be they ever so small, and then excuses
+himself by saying, "I forgot; I didn't think!" will never be a reliable
+man; and the boy who finds a pleasure in the suffering of weaker things
+will never become a noble, generous, kind man&mdash;a gentleman.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4>HOUSE KNOWLEDGE FOR BOYS.</h4>
+
+
+<p>The Governor of Massachusetts, in an address before the Worcester
+Technical School, June 25th, said some words that are worthy of noting.
+He said: "I thank my mother that she taught me both to sew and to knit.
+Although my domestic life has always been felicitous, I have, at times,
+found this knowledge very convenient. A man who knows how to do these
+things, at all times honorable and sometimes absolutely necessary to
+preserve one's integrity, is ten times more patient when calamity
+befalls than one who has not these accomplishments."</p>
+
+<p>A commendation of "girls' work" from such an authority emboldens the
+writer to add a word in favor of teaching boys how to do work that may
+be a relief to a nervous, sick, worried, and overworked mother or wife,
+and be of important and instant use in emergencies. A hungry man who
+cannot prepare his food, a dirty man who cannot clean his clothes, a
+dilapidated man who is compelled to use a shingle nail for a sewed-on
+button, is a helpless and pitiable object. There are occasions in almost
+every man's life when to know how to cook, to sew, to "keep the house,"
+to wash, starch, and iron, would be valuable knowledge. Such knowledge
+is no more unmasculine and effeminate than that of the professional
+baker.</p>
+
+<p>"During the great Civil War, the forethought of my mother in teaching me
+the mysteries of household work was a 'sweet boon,' as the late Artemus
+Ward would say. The scant products of foraging when on the march could
+be turned to appetizing food by means of the knowledge acquired in
+boyhood, and a handy use of needle and thread was a valuable
+accomplishment."</p>
+
+<p>Circumstances of peculiar privation compelled the writer, as head<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> of a
+helpless family, to undertake the entire work. The instruction of
+boyhood enabled him to cook, wash, starch, iron, wait on the sick, and
+do the necessary menial labor of the house in a measurably cleanly and
+quiet manner. This knowledge is in no way derogatory to the assumptive
+superiority of the male portion of humanity; a boy who knows how to
+sweep, to "tidy up," to make a bed, to wash dishes, to set a table, to
+cook, to sew, to knit, to mend, to wait on the sick, to do chamber work,
+is none the less a boy; and he may be a more considerate husband, and
+will certainly be a more independent bachelor, than without this
+practical knowledge. Let the boys be taught housework; it is better than
+playing "seven up" in a saloon.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h4><a name="THE_BEAN_KING" id="THE_BEAN_KING"></a>THE BEAN KING.</h4>
+
+
+<p>In the year 1830, the feast of the Epiphany was celebrated at the court
+of Charles X., according to the old Catholic custom. For the last time
+under the reign of this monarch one of these ceremonies was that a cake
+should be offered to the assembled guests, in which a bean had been
+concealed, and whoever found that he had taken the piece containing the
+bean was called the bean-king, and had to choose a queen. Besides the
+king, there were several members of both lines of the house of Bourbon
+at the table. The Duke of Aumale distributed the cake. All at once the
+Duke de Chartres called out:</p>
+
+<p>"The Duke of Bordeaux (Chambord) is king."</p>
+
+<p>"Why did you not say so, Henry?" the Duchess de Berry asked her son.</p>
+
+<p>"Because I was sorry to be more fortunate than the others," replied the
+prince.</p>
+
+<p>The little king chose his aunt, the Duchess of Orleans, for his queen of
+the day.</p>
+
+<p>The accession of the little king was made known to the people without,
+and shouts of joy filled the streets of Paris. Charles X. was well
+pleased, and asked many questions of the little Duke de Bordeaux, the
+answers from a boy of ten years old already showing his noble character.</p>
+
+<p>"As you are now a king, Henry, which of your predecessors do you propose
+to imitate?"</p>
+
+<p>"I will be good like you, grandpapa, firm like Henry IV., and mighty
+like Louis XIV.," replied Henry, after some consideration.</p>
+
+<p>"And whom would you name as your prime-minister?" asked the king again.</p>
+
+<p>"The one who flattered me least."</p>
+
+<p>"And for your private adviser?"</p>
+
+<p>"The one who always tells me the truth&mdash;the Baron von Damas."</p>
+
+<p>"Very good, Henry," interposed his mother, "but what would you ask of
+God in order that you might be able to reign well?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Mamma, for firmness and justice."</p>
+
+<p>Providence has not willed that the Duke de Chambord should realize the
+ideas of the Bean king; but for the whole of his life he remained true
+to the promise of his youth.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h4><a name="GO_TO_WORK_YOUNG_MAN" id="GO_TO_WORK_YOUNG_MAN"></a>GO TO WORK, YOUNG MAN!</h4>
+
+
+<p>The present age seems to be very prolific in the production of numbers
+of young men who have somehow or other, educated themselves up to the
+belief that they were created to make their living by doing nothing.
+Every city, town, and village in the land is filled to overflowing with
+young men who are idle&mdash;hunting clerkships, or some place where they
+hope to obtain a living without work. Numbers are hanging around, living
+from hand to mouth, living upon some friend, waiting for a vacancy in
+some overcrowded store; and, when a vacancy occurs, offering to work for
+a salary that would cause a shrewd business man to suspect their
+honesty; and when remonstrated with by friends, and advised to go to
+work, they invariably answer, "I don't know what to do."</p>
+
+<p>We would say to these who want to know what to do, go to work. There is
+work enough to do by which you can earn an honest living and gain the
+respect of all those whose respect is worth seeking. Quit loafing about,
+waiting and looking for a clerkship in a store with a wheelbarrow-load
+of goods. Get out into the country on a farm, and go to work. What to
+do? Why, in the Mississippi bottoms there are thousands of acres of
+virgin growth awaiting the stroke of the hardy axe-man, and thousands of
+acres of tillable-land that need only the work of the sturdy plowman to
+yield its treasures, richer far than the mines of the Black Hills; and
+yet you say you don't know what to do?</p>
+
+<p>Go to work&mdash;go to the woods&mdash;go to the fields&mdash;and make an honest
+living; for we have in our mind's eye numbers of men whose talents are
+better suited to picking cotton, than measuring calico; to cutting cord
+wood than weighing sugar; to keeping up fencing, than books, and to
+hauling rails, than dashing out whiskey by the drink; and we can assure
+you that the occupations you are better adapted for are much more
+honorable in the eyes of persons whose respect is worth having.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<blockquote><p>A little girl asked her father one day to taste a most delicious apple.
+What remained was ruefully inspected a moment, when she asked: "Do you
+know, papa, how I can tell you are big without looking at you?"&mdash;"I
+cannot say," was the reply. "I can tell by the bite you took out of my
+apple," was the crushing reply.</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE.</h2>
+
+<h3>BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.</h3>
+
+
+<h4><a name="Notes_on_current_topics" id="Notes_on_current_topics"></a><span class="smcap">Notes on Current Topics.</span></h4>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h4><a name="The_Poles" id="The_Poles"></a>The Poles.</h4>
+
+
+<p>We have been taught from our boyhood days to regard the Polish people as
+second to none in obedience to their church; except the Irish, they have
+suffered more for the Faith than any other peoples in Europe. We are,
+therefore, grieved to see in some of our Western cities a spirit of
+rebellion unworthy of the sons of De Kalb and Kosciusko. There is
+something radically wrong. In the following article, from our esteemed
+contemporary, the <i>Lake Shore Visitor</i>, published at Erie, Pa., the
+editor hints at the causes of the troubles, which, we trust, may be
+corrected by the ordinaries of the dioceses where the troubles have
+occurred. The <i>Visitor</i> says: The Poles, who seek a living in this
+country, are men determined to make times lively in their old country
+fashion. In Buffalo, Detroit, and other cities, they have turned out in
+fighting trim, and expressed a loud determination to have things
+ecclesiastically their own way or perish. These church riots are a
+scandal, and, if the truth were known, they have their origin in nine
+cases out of ten in the encouragement and conduct of the men who are
+placed over these people as pastors. A bad priest can make mischief,
+and, generally speaking, a bad priest can not make his condition any
+worse by making all the trouble he possibly can. If he knew anything at
+all he should know that he can hope to gain nothing by inciting a set of
+ignorant people to riot. In Buffalo the fuss had its origin from a
+clerical source, and in Detroit a man with an outlandish name, whom the
+herd seem to admire, is acting anything but prudently. Perhaps only
+one-half of what is sent over the wires can be regarded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> as true, but
+even that would be bad enough. The Poles by their conduct are not making
+for themselves an enviable name; and they will soon be regarded, even by
+the civil authorities, as a rebellious people. Surely, in this free
+country, they can have nothing to complain of. They have all the rights
+and privileges that other men have, and if they were sufficiently
+sensible to mind their own affairs and take care of themselves, they
+would get along quietly, and soon make their influence felt. They cannot
+expect a free church, nor can they expect that any priest who is not
+what he should be will be allowed to lead them astray. When a bishop
+sees fit to make a change, these people should regard the action of the
+bishop as a move made in their interests, and should not only be willing
+to submit, but even pleased to see that such an interest is taken in
+them. When people such as they are, or any other for that matter,
+undertake to pronounce on the fitness of a pastor they, as Catholics,
+know they are going too far. In their youth they were taught the
+Catechism, and that little book certainly tells them whence the approval
+must come. The riot in Detroit will not, in all probability, amount to
+anything; but the few who were killed or hurt, will rest upon some one's
+shoulders as a responsibility, and that load cannot be very suddenly
+laid down. Unfortunately, for the poor people, they are not blessed,
+generally speaking, with the guidance of the good priests they knew in
+their own country, and having too much confidence in every man who
+claims to be a priest, they are easily led by the designer. The danger
+will pass over in a few years, when the Polish churches will be supplied
+with men as priests every way reliable, and men not forced from any
+country to seek a livelihood amongst strangers.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+<h4>The Catholic Mirror.</h4>
+
+<p>The <i>Catholic Mirror</i> of Baltimore, Md., is now the leading Catholic
+journal of the United States. Its recent achievement in being the first
+paper to publish the Pope's Encyclical <i>Immortale Dei</i> was something
+remarkable. Its Roman correspondent is a gentleman in the inner circles
+of the spiritual authorities of the church, while its Irish
+correspondent enjoys the confidence of the National party leaders. Among
+its special contributors is numbered Dr. John Gilmary Shea. In all
+respects it is a model Catholic newspaper, and it promises further
+improvements for this year.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Shortly after we commenced the publication of our <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>, we received
+a similar letter to the following from Mr. P. S. Gilmore. After more
+than a quarter of a century's acquaintance, the friendship of our old
+friend is as fresh as ever. His congratulations, we assure him, are
+cordially reciprocated:</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span class="smcap">New York</span>, <span class="smcap">Dec. 19, 1885</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">My Dear Mr. Donahoe</span>:&mdash;Enclosed please find check for $10.00 which place
+to credit for <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>, and may I have the pleasure of renewing it many,
+many times, to which, I am sure, you will say, "Amen," which is equal to
+saying, "Long life to both of us." Wishing you a merry Christmas and
+many a happy New Year, I remain, dear Mr. Donahoe, always and ever,</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+Sincerely yours,<br />
+
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><span class="smcap">P. S. Gilmore.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rt. Rev. James A. Healy</span>, Bishop of Portland, Me., sailed for Europe in
+the Allan Steamer Parisian, from Portland, (accompanied by his brother,
+Rev. Patrick Healy), on the 31st of December. The brothers will spend
+most of the winter in Naples, and will proceed to Rome.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Late Father MacDonald.</span>&mdash;We give an extremely interesting article in
+our <span class="smcap">Magazine</span> this month on the life and labors of good Father MacDonald,
+lately deceased at Manchester, N. H. The authoress, we learn, is in a
+Convent of Mercy in New Orleans.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Fault has been found with the translation of the late Encyclical letter
+of the Pope. Why could not arrangements be made in Rome for an
+authentic translation of all such documents for the English-speaking
+Catholics throughout the world? We are sure the Vatican would furnish
+such a translation if requested by the heads of the Church in America,
+Australia, etc. Will the <i>Catholic Mirror</i>, who has a correspondent in
+the Vatican, see that, in the future, we shall have an authorized
+translation for the English-speaking Catholics throughout the world?</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">St. Joseph's Advocate.</span>&mdash;The fourth year commences with the January
+number, which, we think, is the best issued. The <i>Advocate</i> is devoted
+to a record of mission labor among the colored race. The price is only
+25 cents a year. Just send 25 cents to Editor <i>St. Joseph's Advocate</i>,
+51 Courtland St., Baltimore, Md. Here is a notice from the last issue,
+which should encourage every Catholic in the country to subscribe not
+only for the <i>Advocate</i>, but send donations for the conversion of our
+colored brethren. "What thoughtfulness and charity, all things
+considered, for the Most Rev. Archbishop of Boston to send ten dollars
+to this publication! The gift was, indeed, a surprise, total strangers
+as we are personally to his Grace and without any application or
+reminder, directly or indirectly, beyond the public appeal in our last,
+suggested by similar kindness on the part of two esteemed members of the
+Hierarchy! Will not others follow suit? What if our every opinion is not
+endorsed, so long as faith and morals are safe in our hands, and
+promoted in quarters <i>never reached before</i> by the Catholic press. Let
+it be remembered that the sphere in which we move is traversed in every
+direction by a non-Catholic press, white and colored, the latter alone
+claiming from one hundred to one hundred and thirty periodicals edited
+and published by colored men who have naturally a monopoly of their own
+market. Is the first Catholic voice ever heard in that chorus to be
+hushed when those very men welcome us, quote us, thank us, actually
+watch the point of the pen lest it wound Catholic feelings, employ the
+most emphatic terms to attest our sincerity as true friends of their
+people, and pointing to our episcopal and clerical support, assure their
+readers that 'the great Catholic Church' has ever been the friend of the
+poor and the oppressed? For all this, thanks to the Catholic spirit in
+the <i>course we have pursued</i>!"</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A Chinese Industry.</span>&mdash;<i>New York Tablet:</i> It is not alone the Irish and
+Americans who are combatting against England's monopoly of the world's
+trade. She has met with an enemy in an unexpected quarter. Ah Sin has
+struck at one of her staple commodities, and promises to become an
+energetic competitor for one of her most flourishing branches of
+business. For many years Birmingham was the great depot for the
+manufacture of idols for the heathen nations, and thousands of
+Englishmen lived on the profits of this trade. Now, we are told, a
+Chinaman at Sacramento, California, has established a factory for
+manufacturing idols and devils for use in Chinese processions and
+temples. If this be true, thousands of workmen will be thrown out of
+employment in Christian England.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>The Catholic Columbian:</i> If no Catholic has ever yet been elected
+President of the United States, the widow of one President, Mrs. Polk,
+is a convert, and three cabinet officers were Catholics: James Campbell,
+Postmaster General from 1853 to 1857; Roger B. Taney, Attorney General
+and Secretary of the Treasury, from 1831 to 1834: and James M.
+Schofield, Secretary of War, from 1868 to 1869.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>This year, Easter Sunday falls upon St. Mark's Day, April 25th,&mdash;which
+is its latest possible date. The last time this occurred was in 1736
+(old style), and it will not fall again on the same day of April until
+1943.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Mr. Parnell considers William O'Brien's victory in South Tyrone, and T.
+M. Healy's conquest of South Londonderry, the two greatest personal
+triumphs of the Irish parliamentary campaign.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>Chicago Citizen:</i> It is officially announced by Mr. Alexander Sullivan
+that the Hon. Richard J. Oglesby, governor of Illinois, has accepted the
+invitation to preside at the monster meeting to be held in the
+Exposition Building on the occasion of Mr. Parnell's visit to this city.
+The date is set for January 21. By a unanimous vote of the committee of
+arrangements it was decided that no resident of the city of Chicago
+would speak at that meeting. All the honors will be given, as they ought
+to be, to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span> governor of the State, the Irish leader and his
+lieutenants, and to distinguished Irish-Americans from outside cities as
+may desire to address the people of Chicago.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Priests in Politics.</span>&mdash;<i>Montreal True Witness:</i> There are those who
+object, with all generosity, to the clergy taking part in political
+movements. There could be no more illogical cry. It has been the too
+great severance of religion from the affairs of the public that has
+enabled so many unfit persons to obtain parliamentary election and
+tended to degrade politics. These people go to make laws affecting
+morality, education, and the conditions of social existence too often
+without the slightest fitness for that great duty and task. The clergy
+are the spiritual guides of the people, the custodians of the most
+important influences which affect humanity. To say that they should
+abstain from endeavoring to affect administration in a beneficial
+manner, is to say not only that they should de-citizenize themselves,
+but that they should violate their pledges and abandon their sworn duty.
+Those who think the clergy are not doing honor to their office by
+participating in politics take a very narrow view of the case. Without,
+perhaps, intending to do so, they play into the hands and promote the
+ends of those conspirators who are endeavoring to destroy Christianity
+and the moral system based upon it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>In reply to a letter, calling Cardinal Newman's attention to the recent
+revival of the vigorous old lie which attributes to him the statement
+that he regarded the Established Church as the great bulwark against
+atheism in England, his Eminence has written as follows: My dear &mdash;&mdash;.
+Thank you for your letter. I know by experience how difficult it is,
+when once a statement gets into the papers, to get it out of them. What
+more can I do than deny it? And this I have done. I always refer
+inquirers to what I have said in my "Apologia." The Anglican bishops say
+that Disestablishment would be a "national crime," but Catholics will
+say that the national crime was committed three hundred years ago. Yours
+most truly,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+<span class="smcap">J. H. Cardinal Newman.</span>
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Drop the Oaths.</span>&mdash;<i>Milwaukee Catholic Citizen:</i> Labor organizations ought
+not to be lightly condemned. Our Ameri<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span>can trade unions are among the
+most salutary associations that we have. In Chicago, recently, they
+incurred the displeasure of the Socialists, because they would not allow
+socialism to flaunt itself at one of their demonstrations.</p>
+
+<p>They all tend to promote providence, social union and independence. They
+"keep the wolf away from the door" of hundreds.</p>
+
+<p>The case of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers is one in point.
+During the twenty years of its existence the Brotherhood has paid out
+nearly $2,000,000 in insurance to the families of engineers who have
+been killed or permanently disabled. The motto of the brotherhood is:
+"Sobriety, Truth, Justice and Morality."</p>
+
+<p>The more stress that is laid upon sobriety in all labor organizations
+the better.</p>
+
+<p>It is to be regretted that some trade unions take the form of secret
+societies, and thus tempt Catholic workingmen (of whom there are
+thousands), to violate dictates of conscience. Labor leaders ought to
+reason that this is not right. These organizations need Catholic
+artisans, and Catholic workingmen need these organizations, provided
+they are honestly, soberly, and candidly conducted.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The number of members of the new House of Commons never before elected
+to Parliament is 332. This has had no parallel since the first
+Parliament under the Reform Bill of 1832. The ultimate figures of the
+election are: Liberals, 334; Conservatives, 250; Parnellites, 86. The
+coalition of the last two has thus a majority of two. This, compared
+with the last Parliament, will leave the Liberals weaker by 17 votes,
+and the Conservatives stronger by 12 votes. The Liberals have gained 80
+votes in the counties and lost 91 in the towns. An immense number of
+Liberal members of the last Parliament are beaten. The list is over 80,
+including 11 Ministers.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">An Heroic Sister.</span>&mdash;Mgr. Sogara, Bishop of Trapezepolis and
+Vicar-Apostolic of Central Africa, telegraphs that a despatch has
+reached him from Egypt containing the gratifying intelligence of the
+liberation of two sisters who were imprisoned in the Soudan, and whose
+freedom has been procured by Abdel Giabbari, Mgr. Sogaro's envoy in the
+Soudan. The striking historical spectacle presented by General Gordon's
+long and lonely journey on his camel across the desert to Khartoum has
+been eclipsed in its sublimity by the feat which has just been performed
+by Sister Cipriani, who has just traversed the same weary, arid waste on
+foot, accompanied by a single Arab attendant. Gordon's name will live
+forever in story, side by side with the great knights, historical and
+legendary, of the olden time. The labors of the noble and heroic Sister
+Cipriani, though attended with as much personal danger, and performed in
+a higher sphere, will, perhaps, meet with little earthly recognition. Be
+it so. She wants no fleeting fame. Sufficient for her is the
+consciousness that she has done her duty by those whom she was sent to
+soothe and comfort by her gentle and devoted ministrations.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The <i>Catholic Citizen</i>, Milwaukee, Wis., has entered upon its sixteenth
+year. We are pleased to see it is well sustained, as it deserves to be.
+Long life to the <i>Citizen</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Right Rev. Dr. Sullivan</span>, recently consecrated Bishop of Mobile, declined
+to accept a purse of one thousand dollars from his late congregation in
+Washington, advising them to present it to his successor for the benefit
+of the church. He said he came among them with nothing, and preferred to
+take nothing away with him. Such admirable unselfishness shows what a
+devoted pastor the parishioners of St. Peter's, Washington, have lost
+and the Diocese of Mobile has gained.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Catholic "Society."</span>&mdash;Some of our people, especially among those who are
+rich in worldly goods and deal in worldly literature, are heard to
+complain that there is no "society" among Catholics. Well, every one
+knows that most of our people are poor, and have not time or occasion to
+study the laws of etiquette or the language of diplomacy. Those good
+people who seek society elsewhere, however, would do well to lend their
+fellow-Catholics the light of their example and shine by the contrast
+they create. Better far than cutting a very poor figure in Protestant
+society will they find it to teach their own co-religionists the
+amenities of social life. They had better be first with their own than a
+poor second with strangers; honored among the faithful than despised by
+the dissenter. Ah! this aping after society, besides being pitiful and
+ridiculous, soon takes the faith out of our people. Their children
+marry outside the household of faith, and, with their children's
+children, are lost to the Church. What does it profit to gain the whole
+world and lose your soul?</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. John Dillon</span> presided at a meeting of the Nationalists in Dublin, and
+spoke warmly in praise of the courage of the Ulster Nationalists, who
+had fought their battles throughout with vigor and determination. The
+Protestant farmers in Ulster were men whose promises could be relied
+upon. He could never forget the sacrifices they had made for him at the
+last election, or the fact that five hundred of them had voted for Mr.
+Healy. Though he himself had been defeated in North Tyrone, he had been
+gratified even in defeat. The men who had voted in those places, where
+there was no chance for a Nationalist, deserved the thanks of the Irish
+people for the loyalty with which they had obeyed the command of the
+leaders, and trampled upon their old prejudices and local feelings.
+Whigs had disappeared from Ulster, and would never re-appear, unless in
+honorable alliance with the Nationalists.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The grand old man, Gladstone, celebrated his seventy-sixth year on the
+29th of December. May he live to accomplish the pacification of Ireland.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Orange Bluster.</span>&mdash;Mr. John E. Macartney, who was the Tory member for
+Tyrone in the last Parliament, but who was ousted in the late elections
+by the National candidate, declares that the adoption of any form of
+Home Rule would be in direct violation of the Constitution, under the
+provisions of which thousands of Englishmen and Scotchmen have invested
+money in Ireland. To grant Ireland Home Rule, he says, would be to
+destroy the minority in Ireland, and the English people would be held
+responsible for the consequences. An Orange demonstration was held in
+Armagh, where several prominent "Loyalists" made violent speeches in
+opposition to the Home Rule doctrine. Following its leaders, the meeting
+adopted a series of resolutions declaring that a resort to Home Rule
+principles would be certain, sooner or later, to end in civil war, and
+exhorting the "loyalist" party to do its utmost to resist the efforts of
+the Home Rule<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> advocates. The resolutions also commended the "loyalists"
+in Ireland to "the sympathy of all Protestants throughout the British
+Kingdom!" "The Ulster Orangemen are ready to come to the front," said
+one of the speakers, amid great applause, "and when their services are
+wanted sixty thousand men can readily be put into the field, for active
+service, in the defence of the cause of loyalty to the government."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Very Rev. Joseph D. Meagher</span>, for years pastor of St. Louis Bertrand's
+Church, in Louisville, Ky., has been elected Provincial of the Order of
+St. Dominic in the United States, at St. Rose's, Washington County, Ky.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The article in the <i>Dublin Freeman's Journal</i>, said to have been
+inspired by Mr. Parnell, beseeching Irishmen to remember Mr. Gladstone's
+difficulties, and to "be prepared to accept a reasonable compromise on
+our extreme rights, if a sacrifice of our principal rights be not
+involved," is in the true spirit. If this advice be followed, the
+outlook will be hopeful for Home Rule.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The most remarkable thing about the Irish elections is the fact that not
+one supporter of Mr. Gladstone was elected.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The College of the Propaganda announces that up to November 1st, in the
+vicariate of Cochin China, 9 missionaries, 7 native priests, 60
+catechists, 270 members of religious orders and 24,000 Christians were
+massacred; 200 parishes, 17 orphan asylums, and 10 convents were
+destroyed and 225 churches were burned.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>On the occasion of the Pope's Jubilee in 1887, ten cases of
+beatification will be decided. Three "Beati" belonging to the Jesuits
+will be canonized, viz.: Blessed Bergmans, Claver, and Rodriguez. The
+Venerable de la Salle, Clement Hofbauer, C. SS. R., and Ines de
+Beningain, a Spanish nun, will be beatified.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lord Mayor of Dublin.</span>&mdash;At a meeting of the Dublin Corporation, Mr. T. D.
+Sullivan, M.P., editor of the <i>Nation</i>, was elected Lord Mayor of the
+city for this year. Mr. Sullivan is known all over the world, wherever
+Irishmen congregate, by his fine and stirring humorous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> and pathetic
+ballads for the Irish people. Personally, Mr. Sullivan is a gentle and
+gentlemanly man, much beloved by his family and a large circle of
+friends. He has always preserved the high-minded and patriotic
+traditions of the <i>Nation</i> newspaper, the columns of which were enriched
+by many of his brilliant songs and ballads long before he succeeded his
+brother, the late Mr. A. M. Sullivan, as its editor. Mr. Sullivan is the
+father-in-law of Mr. Healy, M.P., Mr. Parnell's able lieutenant.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Late King of Spain.</span>&mdash;A Madrid correspondent gives an account of the
+ceremony at the Escuri&eacute;l, on the occasion of the funeral of the King of
+Spain. "The procession from the station," he writes, "wound slowly up
+the hill to the monastery. When the funeral car reached the principal
+door it was closed. The Lord Chamberlain knocked for admittance. A voice
+inside asked, 'Who wishes to enter?' The answer given was 'Alfonso XII.'
+The doors were then thrown open. The prior of the monastery appeared.
+The body was carried into the church and placed on a raised bier before
+the high altar. The coffin was then covered with the four cloaks of the
+noble orders. A thousand tapers were lighted, and the church assumed a
+magnificent appearance. Black hangings embossed with the arms of Spain
+covered the stone walls. The Mass was said and the <i>Miserere</i> sung. The
+coffin was raised once more and carried to the entrance of the stairs
+leading down to the vaults. No one descended there," continues the
+correspondent, "except the Prior, the Minister of Grace and Justice, and
+the Lord Chamberlain. The coffin was placed on a table in a magnificent
+black marble vault, in which the kings of Spain lie in huge marble tombs
+all around. Now came the most thrilling part of the ceremony. The Lord
+Chamberlain unlocked the coffin, which was covered with cloth of gold,
+raised the glass covering from the King's face, then, after requesting
+perfect silence, knelt down and shouted three times in the dead
+monarch's ear, '<i>Se&ntilde;or</i>, <i>Se&ntilde;or</i>, <i>Se&ntilde;or!</i>' Those waiting in the church
+upstairs heard the call, which was like a cry of despair, for it came
+from the lips of the Duke of Sexto, the King's favorite companion. The
+duke then rose, saying, according to the ritual, His majesty does not
+answer. Then it is true, the King is dead." He locked the coffin,
+handed the keys to the prior, and, taking up his wand of office broke it
+in his hand and flung the pieces at the foot of the table. Then every
+one left the monastery, as the bells tolled, and the guns announced to
+the people that Alfonso XII. had been laid with his ancestors in the
+gloomy pile of Philip II.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Catholic committees of the north of France, assembled in Congress at
+Lille, have addressed to the Pope a letter of adhesion to the
+Encyclical, in which the whole teaching of the Papal document is
+recapitulated at considerable length.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The question of submitting to arbitration the case, "Ireland <i>vs.</i>
+English Rule in Ireland," is again mooted. One man is named as arbiter.
+He is known as Leo XIII., whose master-piece of power and wisdom
+appeared in our January <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A letter from South Mayo tells that on the polling day a curious sight
+was the descent from the mountains of Partry of one hundred voters,
+mounted on hardy ponies, who arrived in a body at the polling station
+with National League cards in their hats.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>News from Gorey tells of a wonderful welcome given to Sir Thomas
+Esmonde, on his arrival at home after his election. The horses were
+taken from his carriage, and he was drawn by the people amidst a
+multitude cheering and waving hats in wild excitement. The town and
+surrounding hills were illuminated, and the young baronet was escorted
+to his residence, Ballynestragh, by bands of music and a torchlight
+procession, including many thousands of people. His tenants came out to
+meet him before he reached Ballynestragh, bearing torches, and a great
+display of fireworks greeted his entrance into his demesne. Sir Thomas
+Esmonde threw open his entire house for the night, and dancing was kept
+up by the tenants till morning.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>President Cleveland, in his recent message to Congress, makes allusion
+to the rejection of Mr. Keiley by Austria. He says: A question has
+arisen with the Government of Austria-Hungary touching the
+representation of the United States at Vienna. Having, under my
+constitutional prerogative, appointed an estimable citizen of
+unimpeached probity and competence as Minister to that Court, the
+Government of Austria-Hungary invited this government to cognizance of
+certain exceptions, based upon allegations against the personal
+acceptability of Mr. Keiley, the appointed Envoy, asking that, in view
+thereof, the appointment should be withdrawn. The reasons advanced were
+such as could not be acquiesced in without violation of my oath of
+office, and the precepts of the Constitution, since they necessarily
+involved a limitation in favor of a foreign government upon the right of
+selection by the Executive, and required such an application of a
+religious test as a qualification for office under the United States as
+would have resulted in the practical disfranchisement of a large class
+of our citizens, and the abandonment of a vital principle in our
+Government. The Austro-Hungarian Government finally decided not to
+receive Mr. Keiley as the Envoy of the United States, and that gentleman
+has since resigned his commission, leaving the post vacant. I have made
+no new nomination, and the interests of this Government at Vienna are
+now in the care of the Secretary of Legation, acting as <i>charge
+d'affaires ad interem</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Inauguration.</span>&mdash;Monday, January 4, was inauguration day in the principal
+cities in Massachusetts. In Boston, the usual ceremonies took place.
+Mayor O'Brien delivered one of his best addresses. Rev. Father Welch,
+S.J., of the church of the Immaculate Conception, acted as chaplain on
+the occasion.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Michael Davitt, in a recent interview, said: "If Home Rule is granted to
+Ireland, it is difficult for me to see how the Irish members can
+continue to sit in the parliament at Westminster, unless the colonies
+are similarly represented in that body. The appointment of a prince of
+the royal family as viceroy of Ireland would be a mistake, as Ireland
+requires a statesman of tact and brains to administer the government,
+not a royal show.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Once a Citizen, Always a Citizen</span>," is what Bismarck says. The great
+Chancellor is determined to have no fooling. If a German becomes an
+American citizen, or a citizen of any other land, old Bis. thinks he has
+no business in Ger<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span>many, and will not have him there. When a man runs
+away from his native land rather than carry arms for her protection, and
+flies to another country, becomes naturalized, and then returns home to
+make a living, the scheme is so thin that the example is dangerous. An
+iron-handed man knows how to deal with such cases, and he winds them up
+with a bounce.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Sacred College at present consists of 60 members, of whom 26 were
+created by Pius IX., and 34 by Leo XIII., and that there are 10
+vacancies. Of the Cardinals 34 are Italian; 11 Austrian, German, or
+Polish; 5 French; 4 English or Irish; 4 Spanish, and 2 Portuguese.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The <i>English Catholic Directory</i> for 1886 says there are at present in
+Great Britain no less than 1,575 churches, chapels, and stations; not
+including such private or domestic chapels as are not open to the
+Catholics of the neighborhood&mdash;an increase of 11 on 1884. These places
+of worship are served by 2,576 priests as against 2,522 last year. Since
+the beginning of the year 91 priests have been ordained, of whom 56 are
+secular and 35 regular.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A Rosy Outlook.</span>&mdash;<i>Chicago News:</i> The new year dawns upon the United
+States as the most favored nation in the world. Business is reviving in
+every department. Our storehouses and granaries are full to overflowing.
+We are free from all foreign entanglements. The public health is good,
+and with reasonable care there is nothing to dread from foreign
+pestilence. We can look back upon 1885 with grateful hearts, and forward
+to 1886 with hope and confidence.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Catholics in Parliament.</span>&mdash;Catholics have no need to complain of the
+result of the elections, so far as it affects their special interest,
+observes the <i>Liverpool Catholic Times</i>. In the late House of Commons
+representatives of the Faith had sixty seats. In the new House they will
+have eighty-two. Of these, Catholic Ireland contributes seventy-nine,
+England two, and Scotland one. We have already commented upon the return
+for the Oban Division of Argyllshire of Mr. D. H. MacFarlane, who enjoys
+the distinction of being the first Catholic member of Parliament
+returned by Scotland since the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> so-called Reformation. English Catholics
+cannot, however, be congratulated upon the part they took in the
+electoral struggle. To the last Parliament they sent but one
+representative, Mr. H. E. H. Jerningham; and to that which will commence
+its labors in a couple of months they have returned only two&mdash;Mr.
+Charles Russell, Q.C., for South Hackney, and Mr. T. P. O'Connor, for
+the Scotland Division of Liverpool. And more than half the credit of
+securing the return of these two gentlemen is due to the Irish electors
+in this country.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>For the first time in the history of Boston a colored man has obtained a
+political office&mdash;he has actually received a policeman's baton. This is
+wonderful news, indeed, for, although Massachusetts has been prominent
+in denouncing the South for her treatment of the colored man, whom she
+has extensively favored with office, Boston, at least, has now had the
+first opportunity of practicing her doctrine; and let us hope that the
+man's name&mdash;Homer&mdash;will be classical enough to counteract her
+surprise.&mdash;<i>Baltimore Catholic Mirror</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Massachusetts has done more than that for the colored race. Several of
+them have been elected to the general court; one has been on the bench
+for some time; and there are several practising lawyers in our courts.
+Can Maryland say as much for our colored brethren?</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Pope Congratulated.</span>&mdash;Emperor William of Germany and Queen Christiana
+of Spain have sent telegrams to Pope Leo, expressing their thanks for
+his services, and for his equitable decision as arbitrator in the
+Carolines controversy.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Our Magazine.</span>&mdash;This hearty notice is from Father Phelan's <i>Western
+Watchman:</i> <span class="smcap">Donahoe's Magazine</span>, for January, came to us last week as
+bright as a new shilling, much enlarged, and, as usual, overflowing with
+such original and interesting reading for Irish-Americans as is to be
+found in no other paper or magazine published on the planet. We predict
+for the publisher many years of prosperity to continue the good work.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">New England Men and Women</span> are dying out, or they are not producers. Even
+the fisheries no longer breed American seamen for the naval service.
+Three-fourths of the crews that man the fishing fleets are Portuguese,
+Spaniards and Italians.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>Boston Herald:</i>&mdash;Ireland would be better fixed politically, if its
+condition should be made like a State in our Union, rather than like a
+province the same as Canada. Canada has no representation in the
+imperial Parliament. Great Britain ought to have a Parliament for
+imperial purposes, with representatives from her dependencies, and
+another for her local affairs. It has long been apparent that the
+British Parliament cannot properly consider both general and local
+matters.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It appears that the reported wholesale boycotting of Irish workingmen in
+England stated in a dispatch of the New York <i>Sun</i> to have been resolved
+upon at a meeting of a Liberal Club, was entirely without foundation in
+fact, not even heard of at the National Liberal Club or at the London
+Office of the <i>Freeman's Journal</i>, the chief Nationalist organ.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Parnellite Meeting.</span>&mdash;A day or two before the opening of the new
+Parliament this month, a general meeting of the Irish parliamentary
+party, including as many of the Nationalist members as are then in
+London, will be held at the Westminster Palace Hotel, when, it is stated
+in London Nationalist circles, a definite course of parliamentary action
+will be decided upon, and the Parnellite programme for the session will
+be finally adopted, subject only to such deviations as the exigencies of
+the political situation may render admissable and desirable. In the
+event of a short adjournment of the House, after the election of the
+speaker and the swearing in of the members, it is understood that the
+January meeting of the Irish parliamentary party referred to will be
+adjourned to the day previous to that on which the business of the House
+will begin about the usual date in February.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">House of the Good Shepherd.</span>&mdash;The new house is progressing favorably, and
+is nearly under roof. There will be a lecture in aid of the building on
+Sunday evening, January 17. Hon. Mr. Keiley, lately appointed Minister
+to Italy and Austria, will deliver the lecture. Subject: The Present
+Prospects of Irish Freedom. The lecture will take place at the Boston
+Theatre. Tickets, 75, 50, and 35 cents. The announcement of so
+interesting a subject, and the fame of the lecturer should fill the
+house to overflowing. His Honor, Mayor O'Brien, will preside.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Our Magazine.</span>&mdash;<i>Notre Dame Scholastic:</i> With the January number,
+<span class="smcap">Donahoe's Magazine</span> begins its fifteenth volume. It is an interesting and
+instructive periodical, and deserves well of the reading public. The
+"Memoir of His Eminence John Cardinal McCloskey," by Dr. John Gilmary
+Shea, which appears in the present number, is a priceless memento of our
+first American prince of the Church, and imparts valuable information
+concerning some points of the early history of the Church in our
+country. Besides, there is a collection of readable articles, which it
+would take too long to name. The editor promises still greater
+attractions for the new volume, and we sincerely hope his enterprise
+will meet with all the encouragement it so well deserves. The <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>
+is published at Boston, Mass.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Rev. Dr. O'Reilly, of Detroit, Treasurer of the National League in
+America, announces that he has sent $80,000 to the League in Ireland
+since Oct. 1.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Future of France.</span>&mdash;In answer to a question on the eventual solution
+of the French political difficulty, the Bishop of Angers says: "When I
+spoke of the affairs of French Catholics, and, above all, of those of my
+diocese," said his Lordship, "I was within my domain. But of the future
+of Catholic France the less conversation and the more prayer the better.
+I believe that Providence will bless the Apostolic spirit of our
+missionaries, and the obscure zeal of our Sisters of Charity. I believe,
+with Monseigneur Dupanloup, that the French Church, with fifty thousand
+priests, and more, daily saying Mass, and hundreds of thousands of
+innocent children praying in her churches, must emerge triumphant from
+this terrible crisis. Ask me nothing of Pretenders or of the Republic.
+The work of a Catholic Bishop in France is too absorbing to be
+overwhelmed by difficulties of political detail. We must be patriots,
+worthy citizens, and faithful Catholics, and leave the rest to God. The
+great bulk<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> of the French people is not deceived. A cloud is passing
+over the nation; but the bright sun will soon pierce through that cloud,
+and a reaction will set in. The sooner the better, say I."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cathedral T. A. &amp; B. Society.</span>&mdash;The Cathedral Total Abstinence and
+Benevolent Society is making extensive preparations for its third annual
+social, which takes place in Parker Fraternity Hall, Wednesday evening,
+February 10th. Tickets are selling very rapidly, and the committee of
+arrangements will spare nothing to make the occasion an enjoyable one to
+all who attend. The officers of the society are as follows: Spiritual
+director, Rev. James F. Talbot, D.D.; President, John F. Marrin;
+vice-president, William J. Keenan; recording secretary, James P. Gorman;
+financial secretary, Jeremiah Conners; treasurer, Patrick Cooney;
+sergeant-at-arms, Dennis Desmond.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Abstemiousness at Christmas.</span>&mdash;The following circular was issued by the
+Cardinal Archbishop of Westminister:&mdash;A Plenary indulgence may be gained
+by all persons who&mdash;besides making a good Confession and received
+worthily the Holy Communion, and praying for the intention of his
+Holiness&mdash;shall, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day, and on the
+following day, abstain from all intoxicating drinks. The faithful are
+earnestly exhorted to endeavor to obtain the Plenary Indulgence; and to
+offer up this little self-denial as an act of intercession, reparation,
+and expiation for those who sin against God by drunkenness and
+intemperance especially at this time.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We regret to learn from the <i>Catholic Mirror</i> that Mr. William Doherty,
+formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, is lying dangerously ill at his
+residence, No. 142 Edmondson Avenue. Mr. Doherty came to Baltimore about
+eleven years ago, in part on account of the climate. He has been
+suffering for years with heart disease. He has received the last
+Sacraments from the hands of his son, Rev. William J. Doherty, S.J.,
+rector of the Church of Our Lady, at Guelph, Ontario, Canada, who
+reached Baltimore the day before. Mr. William Doherty was born in
+Ireland, June 8th, 1800, and went to New Brunswick when a young man. He
+was for many years one of the most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> prominent Catholics in St. John, and
+was president of St. Vincent de Paul Society in that city. He has two
+daughters with him, and two who are nuns. One of the latter is Madame
+Letitia Doherty, assistant superioress of the Convent of the Sacred
+Heart, Kenwood, Albany, N. Y.; the other is in the Elmhurst Convent of
+the Sacred Heart, at Providence, R.I.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There are at present two hundred "widowed" parishes in the Diocese of
+Posen, Germany. Of these, only forty-five have any auxiliary supply, so
+that no less than one hundred and fifty-five parishes, with a population
+of 200,000 souls and more are without any priest at all.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>If the Associated Press may be trusted, Bishop O'Farrell has expressed
+the opinion that the two American cardinals will be the Archbishop of
+Baltimore and the Archbishop of New York.&mdash;<i>Catholic Mirror</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Associated Press is not to be credited on Catholic or Irish matters.
+It is more than probable that one of the hats will crown the head of the
+venerable Archbishop of Boston.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Notre Dame University</span> has received ten thousand Rosaries from Belgium.
+They are blessed by the regular canons of the Holy Cross Order, and they
+have the extraordinary indulgence of five hundred days and the
+Bridgetine indulgence of one hundred days, together with the Holy
+Father's blessing, attached to the devout recital of every "Our Father"
+and "Hail Mary" upon them. Address Rev. A. Granger, C.S.C., Notre Dame,
+Ind.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Italian Government has just published the list of deaths from
+cholera during the years 1884 and 1885. In the former year, there were
+27,000 cases, and 14,000 deaths. In the latter year there have been over
+6,000 cases, and 3,000 deaths. Palermo was the great sufferer this year,
+as Naples was in 1884. Better nutrition during both epidemics caused a
+noted diminution in cases and in deaths.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The <i>Germania</i> says that the Holy Father has expressed a wish to know
+the state of Catholic Missions in the German Colonies. He feels very
+keenly the arbitrary conduct of the Imperial Government, and has
+expressed to the Prussian Minister his astonishment at the prejudice
+exhibited in Berlin.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Referring to the Letter of the Holy Father to Cardinal Manning and the
+Bishops of England, which we give elsewhere, the <i>Moniteur de Rome</i> says
+that it constitutes "the recompense and the consecration" of the noble
+and heroic efforts of his Eminence and the English Episcopate in the
+cause of Christian education.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The 22nd of February is the anniversary of the birth of George
+Washington. We give many incidents of his life in this issue of our
+<span class="smcap">Magazine</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Irish Convention.</span>&mdash;Patrick Egan, president of the Irish National
+League of America, has received a cablegram from T. M. Harrington, M.P.,
+secretary of the National League in Ireland, in which he states that Mr.
+Parnell will not be able to attend the League convention intended to be
+held in Chicago in January next, and that he is "inclined to think it
+best to postpone the convention until after the meeting of parliament in
+February." It is, doubtless, the desire of the Irish party to know with
+some definiteness the probable outcome of the present situation before
+making any authoritative announcement of their plans, or before sending
+any message to their American brothers; and it also seems that they
+regard Mr. Parnell's constant presence on the scene of negotiations as
+indispensable. The convention, in accordance with this suggestion, is,
+therefore, postponed to a date to be determined upon hereafter between
+the executive of the American League and Mr. Parnell. Mr. Egan will call
+the National Committee of the American League together some day in
+January, by which time there may be information from Ireland enabling a
+definite date to be fixed for the convention.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Munster Bank.</span>&mdash;In reply to a letter from Mr. T. N. Stack to the
+liquidators, inquiring when the sum of &pound;500,000 now in their hands would
+be distributed amongst the creditors, the liquidators of the Munster
+Bank have written to say that there is &pound;650,000 in hands, that the mere
+routine work of arranging for a dividend occupies a considerable time,
+but that they expect to pay an instalment in March.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Privileges for Maynooth.</span>&mdash;In reply to a petition from the Irish
+Episcopate, the Holy Father, through the Sacred Congregation of
+Propaganda, has granted to the Superiors of St. Patrick's College,
+Maynooth, the privilege of presenting students for ordination to the
+Diaconate and Subdiaconate on days which are ordinary doubles. This
+important concession, however, can be made use of only once in the year.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Grant's Evil Genius.</span>&mdash;The enemies of the Catholic Church should get up a
+big purse of bright new dollars as a testimonial to Parson Newman,
+as&mdash;only for the influence of his evil genius&mdash;it is very likely that
+General Grant would have died a Catholic. The <i>Saint Joseph's Advocate</i>,
+in a brief notice of the death of General Grant, says that Grant was not
+a bigot&mdash;his Indian Agency policy and Des Moines speech to the apparent
+contrary notwithstanding. Parson Newman was, in matters of religion, his
+evil genius; and the evil genius had this apology (though no excuse)
+that he was pushed at him from <i>behind</i>. It is our sincere opinion that
+if the Catholic side of this great man's family had possessed a Newman
+in zeal, eloquence and polish, Mount McGregor would have witnessed its
+most historic <i>Catholic</i> death, July 22, 1885.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Chinese Must Go.</span>&mdash;<i>San Francisco Monitor:</i> There seems to be a
+general determination among the people all over this coast that the
+Chinese must go. Already they have been forcibly expelled from several
+towns in Washington territory and Oregon, as well as from towns in this
+State. Self-preservation is the first law of nature, and the laboring
+portion of the white race will not suffer their right of life, liberty
+and happiness to be destroyed by the interference of Chinese coolies.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Missions.</span>&mdash;A large and commodious seminary for the Foreign
+Missions is about to be opened in Bavaria. In the latter country a grand
+old abbey has for years stood empty and deserted. Father Amhreim, a
+Benedictine, under the auspices of the Propaganda, and with the consent
+of the Bavarian Government, has restored the abbey, and is now fitting
+it up as a seminary. The students who will enter this new Missionary
+College will devote themselves to the African missions, as their
+brethren in the college<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> of Steil give themselves wholly to the Chinese
+mission. German Catholics may be proud of their missionary enterprise.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dynamite!</span>&mdash;Millionnaire Cyrus W. Field, of New York, raised a monument
+to Andre, the English spy, with great pains and expense. Some other
+party razed it, a few nights ago&mdash;with a dynamite cartridge. Robert
+Simons, while trying to kill fish at Little Rock, Ark., with dynamite,
+exploded some of the stuff in his pocket, and his right arm was blown
+off in a jiffy.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Archbishop Croke</span> says: "Politics now simply means food and clothes and
+decent houses for Irishmen and women at home; they mean the three great
+corporal works of mercy; they mean the protection of the weak against
+the strong, and the soil of Ireland for the Irish race rather than for a
+select gang of strangers and spoliators."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Landlord War</span> is raging in Ireland. The Boycotting campaign is being
+pushed. This chorus is intoned by "T. D. S." and caught up throughout
+the land:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Tis vain to think that all our lives</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">We'll coin our sweat to gold,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And let our children and our wives</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Feel want and wet and cold;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We first must help ourselves, and then,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">If we have cash to spare,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Let landlord, and such idle men,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Come asking for a share;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So landlords, and grandlords,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">We pledge our faith to-day&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A low rent, or no rent,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Is all the rent we'll pay."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A Cheerful Prospect.</span>&mdash;Sympathetic Friend: I say, Toombs, old man, you're
+not looking well. Want cheerful society, that's it! I shall come and
+spend the evening with you, and bring my new poem, "Ode to a Graveyard!"</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The English Elections.</span>&mdash;One of the unexpected effects of the public
+excitement consequent upon the general election has been the revelation
+of some of the most grotesque vagaries of Protestantism that have ever
+come under our notice. One clergyman told his parishioners not to
+scruple about telling lies as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span> to the party for which they intended to
+vote. Another characterized the Liberals as "a set of devils."
+Archdeacon Denison, an octogenarian ecclesiastic, informed his audience
+at a public meeting that they "might as well cheer for the devil as for
+Mr. Gladstone."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Mgr. Seghers, who, imbued with apostolic zeal and self-sacrifice,
+resigned the archdiocese of Oregon, to dedicate himself to the
+conversion of the Indians, has arrived at Vancouver Island, and has
+already begun his holy work assisted by a party of devoted Belgian
+missionaries.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The decree for the introduction of the cause for the beatification and
+canonization of Joan of Arc has been signed at last. The late Mgr.
+Dupanloup labored hard in this affair, and doubtless the progress made
+is partly owing to his unwearied efforts.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A Scotch Colony is about being planted in Florida. A man named Tait is
+the organizer of the projected settlement, and is expected to bring
+fifty families with him from Glasgow. These are only the pioneers, and
+it is expected that in two years one thousand families from Scotland
+will be located in Florida. We welcome every industrious emigrant who
+comes here to better his fortune, and hope the projected colony will be
+a success. But we also hope they will be more patriotic than were the
+Scotch in 1775, who raised the English flag at the Cross Roads in North
+Carolina, and fought against American Independence.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Late Victor Hugo.</span>&mdash;Very noble, and certainly very true, was the
+appeal which Victor Hugo made for religious instruction in 1850: "God
+will be found at the end of all. Let us not forget Him, and let us teach
+Him to all. There would otherwise be no dignity in living, and it would
+be better to die entirely. What soothes suffering, what sanctifies
+labor, what makes man good, strong, wise, patient, benevolent, just, at
+the same time humble and great, worthy of liberty, is to have before him
+the perpetual vision of a better world, throwing its rays through the
+darkness of this life. As regards myself, I believe profoundly in this
+better world; and I declare it in this place to be a supreme certainty
+of my soul. I wish, then, sincerely, or, to speak strongly, I wish
+ardently for religious instruction."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It is thought that the Parliament which has just been elected will be
+short-lived. In a comparatively brief space of time there will be
+another appeal to the constituencies.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Reminiscences of Irish-American Regiments in the Union Army during the
+Rebellion, are spoken of in an article elsewhere. The article is
+furnished to us by the editor and proprietor of the <i>Sandy Hill</i> (N. Y.)
+<i>Herald</i>, John Dwyer, Esq.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bank of Ireland Shares.</span>&mdash;Shares of the Bank of Ireland, which a year ago
+were quoted at &pound;340, are quoted at &pound;274. This is a government Orange
+Bank. It refused to assist the Munster Bank, which was the principal
+cause of its failure.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A Statue of the late Lord O'Hagan will shortly be placed in the hall of
+the Four Courts, Dublin.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>A Catholic ceases to be a Catholic the moment he becomes a Free Mason.
+He may continue to believe all articles of Catholic faith and even go to
+church; but he is cut off from the body of the faithful by the fact of
+excommunication, and cannot receive the Sacraments while living, nor
+sepulchre in consecrated ground when dead. By resigning from the lodge,
+and giving up the symbols,he can be restored to the communion of the
+Church.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Lady Mayoress of Dublin has been presented with a silver cradle,
+commemorative of the birth of a daughter during her official year. The
+gift was from the members of both parties in the Corporation and the
+citizens.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>T. P. O'Connor, M.P., says that Ireland will be satisfied with nothing
+less than the same amount of independence granted by England to Canada.
+Mr. Justin McCarthy, M.P., says that the same amount of independence as
+New York or Illinois has in the Federal Union would do. These two
+declarations may be regarded as the maximum and minimum of the present
+national demand. Mr. Parnell has, very wisely, made no sign. He lies in
+wait for future developments.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Notices_of_Recent_Publications" id="Notices_of_Recent_Publications"></a><span class="smcap">Notices of Recent Publications.</span></h2>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Lynch, Cole &amp; Meehan, New York.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">THE Irish-American Almanac For 1886.</span> Price, 25 cents.</p></div>
+
+<p>We refer the reader to the advertisement on another page for the
+contents, etc., of this Irish year book. It is indispensable in every
+Irish family at home and abroad, like our own <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>. The publishers
+are also the editors and proprietors of the <i>Irish-American</i> newspaper,
+which has stood the tug of war for nearly forty years. The price is only
+25 cents. It is worth three times 25 cents. Address the publishers or
+any bookseller.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Fr. Pustet &amp; Co., N. Y. and Cincinnati.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">THE Pope: The Vicar of Christ; The Head of the Church.</span> By Rt. Rev.
+Monseigneur Capel, D.D., Domestic Prelate of His Holiness, Pope Leo
+XIII. Price, 25 cents.</p></div>
+
+<p>The preface explains the scope of the work, which we give:</p>
+
+<p>Is the Pope possessor of supreme and universal authority over the whole
+of the Christian Church, is the Pope the Vicar of Christ: are questions
+of the greatest moment to all believers in Christianity. If the Pope
+holds such power and position, then is there the absolute need of
+subjection to him in things spiritual. The subject has been treated by
+me from different stand-points during my tour in the States. The
+substance of such discourses is now given to the public. To meet the
+demands on time made by the active, busy life in America, the matter is
+presented as concisely as possible, and in short chapters. The
+intelligence and general information displayed by the people in all
+parts of the States which I have visited permit me, while presenting a
+small book for popular use, to treat the subject for an educated people
+anxious for solid knowledge. To those who wish to prosecute the further
+study of this question I recommend the following works, to which I have
+to express my indebtedness: Archbishop Kenrick's "Primacy of S. Peter,"
+Allies' "See of S. Peter," Wilberforce's "Principles of Church
+Authority," Allnatt's "Cathedra Petri," and "Faith of Catholics" (Vol.
+II.), containing the historical evidence of the first five centuries of
+the Christian era to the teaching concerning the Papacy.</p>
+
+<p class="author">
+T. J. Capel.
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Feast of the Immaculate Conception, 1885.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>McGowan &amp; Young, Portland, Maine.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">ECHOES from the Pines.</span> By Margaret E. Jordan.</p></div>
+
+<p>Maine should be represented among the States which has a large Catholic
+population. The first, and the only, Catholic Governor of the New
+England States, was Governor Cavanagh in Maine. There were few Catholics
+in that State during his administration. To-day, Maine would not give
+her suffrages to a Catholic. Why? Because in Governor Cavanagh's days
+the Catholics were in a great minority, and the Puritans did not fear
+them. As the Catholic body increases, hatred springs up; but Maine is
+coming back to the old faith.</p>
+
+<p>She has now a prelate who is alive to the necessities of his people, and
+is doing everything in his power to establish the Faith of Kale and the
+other martyrs who died for their religion.</p>
+
+<p>Who would have thought in Governor Cavanagh's days (a half a century
+ago), that there would be a grand cathedral, convent, schools and a
+Catholic publishing house in Portland? But such is the fact. The house
+has issued an excellent book but a few months ago, and now we have some
+sweet poems from the genial pen of Miss Margaret E. Jordan. The
+authoress has not so many "flourish of trumpets" as some others, but her
+Muse is pathetic and heartfelt. The critics may not give her the meed of
+praise they would confer upon others, but her Catholic heart will endear
+her to the love she bears our Blessed Mother, and her devotion to the
+poetic visions of the "old land." We believe Miss Jordan hails from the
+beautiful vale of Avoca, where the poet Moore imbibed his inspirations.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Ave Maria Press, Notre Dame, Ind.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">SCHOLASTIC Annual for the Year of our Lord 1886.</span> By Prof. J. A.
+Lyons, of the University of Notre Dame, Ia.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the eleventh year of this publication. Our good friend, Prof.
+Lyons, gives his readers an excellent New Year's dish. "Capital and
+Strikes," by our friend, Onahan, of Chicago, is timely. We wish it could
+be read by the strikers and the Knights of Labor, all over the country.
+There are also articles on the late Vice President, by William Hoynes,
+A. M. "A Nation's Favorite," by Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, C. S. C., and
+other excellent articles both in prose and verse.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>John Murphy &amp; Co., Baltimore, Md.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">NOTED Sanctuaries of the Holy Face</span>; or, the Cultus of the Holy
+Face, as practised at St. Peter's of the Vatican and other
+celebrated shrines. By M. L'Abbe Jouvier. Translated from the
+French by P. P. S. With preface by Most Rev. W. H. Elder, D.D.,
+Archbishop of Cincinnati.</p></div>
+
+<p>The devotion to the Holy Face is spreading throughout the Catholic
+world. The Discalced Nuns are foremost in their efforts to spread this
+devotion. This little book is published at their urgent solicitations.
+We recommend to all devout Catholics the purchase of this book.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>D. &amp; J. Sadlier &amp; Co., New York.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">SADLIER'S Catholic Directory, Almanac, and Ordo, for the Year of
+our Lord 1886</span>; with full official reports of all dioceses,
+vicariates, prefectures, etc., in the United States, Canada,
+British West Indies, Ireland, England and Scotland. Unbound, $1.25.
+Bound, $1.50. An edition comprising only the church in the United
+States, 50 cents.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the fifty-fourth annual publication. It composes a great body of
+information interesting to every Catholic. All families should have it
+in their houses.</p>
+
+
+<p>All of the above books may be obtained of Messrs. Noonan and Co., as
+well as of the publishers.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="MISCELLANEOUS" id="MISCELLANEOUS"></a>MISCELLANEOUS.</h4>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Theft of a Valuable Book.</span>&mdash;A valuable book has been stolen from the
+library of the Minerva, Rome. It is one of the very few copies of the
+works of Lactantius, which were printed at the Benedictine monastery of
+Santa Scholastica, near Subiaco, in the year 1465. So rare are the
+copies of this work, that the price of a single copy has reached 15,000
+francs, or &pound;600. The most minute inquiries have been made, but the
+missing volume has not been traced.</p>
+
+<p>A Selection of the late Lord O'Hagan's speeches, as revised by himself,
+will very shortly be published by Messrs. Longmans &amp; Co. The volume
+opens with a speech on the Legislative Union delivered at a meeting of
+the Repeal Association in 1843, and closes with Lord O'Hagan's speeches
+in the House of Lords in 1881-82 on the Irish Land Laws. The work is
+edited by Lord O'Hagan's nephew, Mr. George Teeling, and contains
+numerous biographical and historical notes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Angel Guardian Annual for 1886.</span>&mdash;Seventh year. Published by the
+House of the Angel Guardian; Boston, Mass. Price 10 cents. Besides the
+matter contained in Almanacs generally, this little annual has also a
+collection of interesting and instructive articles. There are several
+excellent engravings, prominent among which are portraits of Cardinal
+McCloskey, Archbishop Williams, Daniel O'Connell, Rev. G. F. Haskins,
+and Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston, accompanying biographical
+sketches.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. T. P. O'Connor's</span> new book, <i>Gladstone's House of Commons</i>, will be
+issued by Messrs. Ward and Downey early next week. In the preface the
+author says:&mdash;"It would be too much to ask the reader to believe that
+these sketches betray none of the bias natural to one who took a
+somewhat active part in many of the scenes described. But an effort was
+made at impartiality." The volume is called <i>Gladstone's House of
+Commons</i>. The justification of the title is the commanding position held
+in the last Parliament by the overwhelming personality of Mr. Gladstone.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4><a name="MUSIC" id="MUSIC"></a>MUSIC.</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><i>From White, Smith &amp; Co.</i></p>
+
+
+<p><i>Vocal:</i> "Trusting," Duet, by C. A. White.</p>
+
+<p><i>Instrumental:</i> "Only for Thee," Polka Mazurka, by Fliege. "Chant du
+Paysan," by Alfonso Rendando. "Silver Trumpets," by Viviani, viz.: No.
+1, "Grand Processional March." No. 2, "Harmony in the Dome," as played
+at St. Peter's in Rome. "Gavotte," by Rudolph Niemann. "Potpourri," from
+"Mikado," for four hands, arranged by C. D. Blake. "Chimes of Spring,"
+by H. Lichner. "Mikado," Galop by Geo. Thorne. "The Banjo Companion,"
+viz.: "Nymphs' Dance," by Armstrong. "Rag Baby Jig," by same. "Gavotte
+du Pacha," by F. Von Suppe. "Always Gallant Polka," by Fahrbach.
+"Carlotta Walzer," by Millocker. "Happy Go Lucky, Schottische," by De
+Coen, and "O Restless Sea," by C. A. White, all arranged for Banjo.
+"Rosalie Waltz," by Pierre Duvernet. "Morning Prayer," by Strealboy. "La
+Gracieuse," by Ch. Wachtmann. "Mikado Waltzes," by Bucalossi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Books:</i> "The Folio," for January, 1886, brimful of good reading
+interspersed with excellent music. "Ferd. Beyers' Preliminary Method for
+Pianoforte." Part 2, "Melodies for Violin and Piano," and "Melodies for
+Flute and Piano." All these works issued in Messrs. White, Smith &amp; Co's
+best style.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Obituary" id="Obituary"></a><b>Obituary.</b></h2>
+
+
+<p class="center">
+"After life's fitful fever they sleep well."
+</p>
+
+
+<h4>CARDINAL.</h4>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cardinal Panebianca</span> has lately died in Rome at the age of seventy-seven.
+He was not a society cardinal, as he lived a hard life, slept on the
+boards, his board being also simple bread and water, with a morsel of
+cheese now and then by way of a luxury. He despised riches, and has died
+rich.</p>
+
+
+<h4>BISHOPS.</h4>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rt. Rev. F. X. Krautbauer</span>, bishop of Green Bay, Wis., for over ten
+years, was found dead in his bed at the Episcopal residence, morning of
+the 17th of December. He had recently been a sufferer from apoplexy,
+which finally took him off. The suddenness of his death has cast a gloom
+of sadness over the entire Catholic population. Bishop Krautbauer was
+born in the parish of Bruck, near Ratisbon, Bavaria, in 1824, being in
+his sixty-first year at the time of his death.</p>
+
+<p>At half-past six o'clock Friday morning, December 4, Rt. Rev. Dominic
+Manucy, third bishop of Mobile, Ala., died after a lingering illness. He
+was born in St. Augustine, Fla., in the year 1823, and received his
+education in Mobile, at the College of St. Joseph, Spring Hill. On the
+20th of January, 1884, he received his appointment from Rome to the
+bishopric of Mobile, and on March 30th, of the same year, was duly
+installed. In the July following his health failed, and he was compelled
+to send his resignation to the Pope. The Pope, however, took no action
+on the resignation until more than a year had passed. Then Bishop
+Jeremiah O'Sullivan was appointed as his successor to the Bishopric of
+Mobile, and to him Bishop Manucy delivered up the keys of the cathedral
+on the first day of November, 1885. Since the succession Bishop Manucy
+has remained at the episcopal residence, where he has been at all times
+carefully attended by the priests of the parish and the people of his
+congregation. Bishop Manucy was no ordinary person, but, on the
+contrary, his whole life and its actions stamped him as a man of more
+than usual ability. As a man he showed himself, when in health, to be of
+strong and decisive will, possessed of an open-hearted, frank nature,
+and charitable to the furtherest degree. He was a man of thorough
+education, a profound and able logician, and was reckoned as one of the
+best theologians of the Catholic Church. In his various offices as
+priest and bishop, he was at all times alive to the interest of his
+church and its people. The spiritual needs of his flocks never escaped
+his observation, and were never left unsupplied.</p>
+
+
+<h4>PRIESTS.</h4>
+
+<p>German literary papers report with regret the death at Kilchrath, in
+Holland, of one of the most learned Jesuits of our times, Father
+Schneemann, at the age of fifty-six. He was chief editor of the
+well-known periodical, "Stimmen von Maria Laach." When the Jesuits had
+to quit Germany in 1872 he came to reside in England, but the climate
+not agreeing with him, he went to Holland, where he taught divinity in a
+diocesan college.</p>
+
+<p>Rev. George Ruland, C. SS. R., who died a few weeks ago in Baltimore,
+was provincial of the Redemptorists for many years. He was a fellow
+student of Archbishop Heis, of Milwaukee, and a pupil of Doctor
+Doellinger. He was a man of marked talent, and his influence will be
+greatly missed.</p>
+
+<p>Rev. Philip J. McCabe, rector of the cathedral at Hartford, Conn., died
+in that city on the 9th of December, greatly regretted by all who had
+the pleasure of his acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p>Rev. Father Jamison, S. J., the well-known and highly esteemed Jesuit
+died at Georgetown College, D. C., on night of 8th December, after a
+very long illness. He was born in Frederick City, Md., on June 19, 1831;
+in 1860 he was ordained to the priesthood in the Eternal City, by
+Cardinal Franson. Then returning to the United States, he labored at
+different times, as assistant pastor in Georgetown, Md., Washington, D.
+C., Philadelphia,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> Pa., Boston, Mass., Troy, N. Y., and Alexandria, Va.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. John S. Flynn, pastor of St. Ann's Church, Cranston, R. I.,
+died of pneumonia, at the parochial residence, on the 10th December, in
+the forty-ninth year of his age, and the eighteenth of his ordination.
+He was a native of the County Cavan, Ireland, and came to this country
+when eleven years of age. His early education was under the supervision
+of his uncle, the late Rev. John Smith, of Danbury, Conn., with whom he
+resided. He continued his studies at Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md.
+After finishing his classical course, he spent some time at St. Sulpice
+Seminary, Baltimore, and completed his theological studies at the
+Provincial Seminary, Troy, N. Y.</p>
+
+<p>The death, November 8, of Very Rev. Wm. J. Halley, V. G., Cincinnati, is
+greatly lamented. In him, for more than twenty years, we have personally
+known a noble, pure, devoted and beautiful character. Born at Tramore,
+Ireland, he was taken off at forty-eight.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Preservation of a Saint's Body.</span>&mdash;The body of the late venerable G. B.
+Vianney, Cur&eacute; d'Ars, was exhumed in the presence of the Bishop of Belley
+and Mgr. Casorara, <i>promotor fidei</i>, and of all those interested in the
+cause of his beatification. The body was found entire, as it was buried,
+and was recognizable at the first glance. The flesh and hair still
+adhered to the upper part of the head; the hands, shrivelled, preserved
+their full form&mdash;the sacerdotal vestments had undergone no alteration.
+To give an idea of the enthusiasm displayed by the people, we may say
+that every object of devotion to be bought in the shops of Ars was sold,
+so that the people might bear away with them a relic that had touched
+the holy body. Ars seemed to have recovered its former happy days, when
+pilgrims flocked thither, and penitents thronged the venerable cur&eacute;'s
+confessional.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lord Charles Thynne</span>, second son of the Marquis of Bath, has during the
+week received the tonsure and three minor orders at the hands of the
+Cardinal Archbishop in the chapel of the archbishop's house,
+Westminster. Lord Charles is an ex-clergyman of the Church of England,
+and is close on seventy years of age.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>An interesting ceremony took place in the Church of Piedad, Buenos
+Ayres, recently, when an entire Jewish family named Krausse, the parents
+and two children, abjured the Jewish religion and were baptized into the
+Catholic Church. They had been instructed in the catechism of Christian
+doctrine by a Jesuit Father. Senor Gallardo was godfather of the
+parents, and Senor Leguizamona and Miss Larosa godfather and godmother
+for the children.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The ideas of English noblemen upon the subject of national gratitude,
+and the causes of it, must be decidedly unique. In a speech, delivered
+in Glasgow, on Dec. 3d, Lord Roseberry declared that he thought "Ireland
+had shown great ingratitude toward Mr. Gladstone." Considering that, in
+addition to a worthless Land Bill, Mr. Gladstone's principal gifts to
+Ireland consisted of five years of the most grinding coercion
+government, under the operation of which some two thousand of the best
+and purest men and women in the country were thrust into jail like
+felons, we fail to see the particular claims that grand old fraud has
+upon the good-will of Ireland or her people, says the <i>Irish-American</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Bishop Bowman, of St. Louis, in the annual conference of the Methodist
+missionary committee, says that it costs $208 to convert an Italian
+Catholic to Methodism. Yes; and he would be dear at half the price, says
+the <i>Western Watchman</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>In the British Empire there are 14 archiepiscopal and 81 episcopal sees;
+35 vicariates and 10 prefectures; in all, 140; and the number of
+patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops throughout the world is
+1,171, the residential sees being 909 in number.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gregory's Pile Remedy.</span>&mdash;It is not very often that we say anything in
+favor of advertised medicines. We cheerfully make an exception in the
+case of Gregory's Pile Remedy. It is so highly endorsed by some of the
+best known citizens in Boston and vicinity, who have been permanently
+cured by its use, that we recommend it to all sufferers. It is a
+distinctly Irish remedy, the formul&aelig; for its preparation having been
+left with Mr. Gregory by an esteemed old Irish lady, who died in August
+last, and who used it with the greatest success for many years among her
+friends and neighbors.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Sampson.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Cardinal Moran "Irish Saints in G. Brit." p 121.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Theiner. Mon. Vat. p. 48.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Cox. Hist. pt. I. p. 322.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> O'Sulliv. Cath. Hist. p. 96.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> The Irish Catholic names, Sullivan and Carroll, are stamped
+on two of the ten counties of New Hamshire, in memory of Revolutionary
+heroes.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>Gille Machree</i>, "brightener of my heart;" the name of one
+of Gerald Griffin's sweetest songs.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Amongst American women we cannot claim Nora Perry, in spite
+of her Christian name; but the father of Miss Louise Guiney was an
+Irishman. Both of these show a fresh and bright talent, which lifts them
+far above feminine verse-writers.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> While the Sixty-Third was in Camp of Instruction on David's
+Island, in the East River, opposite New Rochelle, N. Y., it was under
+the spiritual care of Father Dillon, an enthusiastic young priest. He
+was an ardent advocate of temperance. Like all green troops, the
+Sixty-Third had some reckless members, who frequently took a "dhrop" too
+much. Before leaving for the seat of war, at the conclusion of a
+powerful temperance discourse, he proposed to the assembled regiment
+that every man and officer take the temperance pledge, "for the war."
+One thousand uplifted hands responded, and while he slowly read the
+words of the pledge the men repeated them; and this was how the
+Sixty-Third became "a temperance regiment."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Here is Gen. Porter's tribute to the part taken by the
+brigade in the terrific struggle at Malvern Hill: "I sent an urgent
+request for two brigades. Sumner read my note aloud, and fearing he
+could not stand another draft on his forces, was hesitating to respond,
+when Heintzleman, ever prompt and generous, sprang to his feet and
+exclaimed: 'By Jove! if Porter asks for help, I know he needs it.' The
+immediate result was the sending of Meagher by Sumner, and Sickles by
+Heintzleman. This was the second time that Sumner had selected and sent
+me Meagher's gallant Irish Brigade, and each time it rendered invaluable
+service.... It was at this time, in answer to my call for aid that
+Sumner sent me Meagher, and Heintzleman sent Sickles, both of whom
+reached me in the height of battle, when, if ever, fresh troops would
+renew our confidence and insure success. While riding rapidly forward to
+meet Meagher, who was approaching at a double quick step, my horse fell,
+throwing me over his head, much to my discomfort, both of body and
+mind.... Advancing with Meagher's brigade, accompanied by my staff, I
+soon found that my forces had successfully driven back their assailants.
+Determined, if possible, satisfactorily to finish the contest,
+regardless of the risk of being fired upon by our artillery in case of
+defeat, I pushed on beyond our lines into the woods held by the enemy.
+About fifty yards in front of us, a large force of the enemy suddenly
+arose and opened with fearful volleys upon our advancing line. I turned
+to the brigade, which thus far had kept pace with my horse, and found it
+standing like a stone wall, and returning a fire more destructive than
+it received, and from which the enemy fled. <i>The brigade was planted.</i>
+My service was no longer needed, and I sought Gen. Sickles, whom I found
+giving aid to Couch. I had the satisfaction of learning that night that
+a Confederate detachment, undertaking to turn Meagher's left, was met by
+a portion of the Sixty-Ninth New York Regiment, which advancing,
+repelled the attack and captured many prisoners."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2, 
+February 1886, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
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@@ -0,0 +1,6160 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2,
+February 1886, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2,  February 1886
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2008 [EBook #26682]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+   DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+   Vol. XV.    BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.     No. 2
+
+     "THE future of the Irish race in this country, will depend largely
+     upon their capability of assuming an independent attitude in
+     American politics."--RIGHT REV. DOCTOR IRELAND, _St. Paul_, _Minn._
+
+
+
+
+
+The Columbian Abbey of Derry.
+
+
+One bright sunny day last summer I found myself in the city of Derry,
+with some hours to spare. I passed them in rambling aimlessly about
+whither fancy or accident led me,--now on the walls, endeavoring to
+recall the particulars of that siege so graphically described by
+Macaulay, now in the Protestant Cathedral musing on the proximity of
+luxuriously-cushioned pew and cold sepulchral monument along which the
+sun, streaming through the stained windows, threw a mellow glow that
+softened but did not remove the hideousness of the death's emblems on
+them--now wandering down the busy street and admiring the beauties of
+the Casino College, which, like the alien cathedral a little distance
+up, rejoices in the patronage of St. Columb and is built on the site of
+his old monastery. Here I lingered long, trying to picture to myself the
+olden glories of the spot on which I stood, for
+
+   "I do love these ancient ruins;
+   We never tread upon them
+   But we set our foot upon some reverend history;"
+
+although here not an ivy-clasped gable, or even a mossy stone remains to
+claim the "passing tribute" of a sigh, or a vain regret for the golden
+days of our Irish Church. Yet its very barrenness of ruins made it
+dearer to my heart, for one never clings more fondly to the memory of a
+dear friend than when all mementoes of him are lost. As warned by the
+stroke of the town-clock, I hurried down to the station to be whirled
+away to Dublin, I thought that perhaps my fellow-readers of the MAGAZINE
+would bear with me while I gossiped for half an hour on the story of
+this grand old monastery, the mother-house of Iona.
+
+You know where Derry is, or if you don't your atlas will tell you, that
+it is away up in the north of Ireland, where, situated on the shores of
+the Lough Foyle, coiling its streets round the slopes of a hill till on
+the very summit they culminate in the cross-crowned tower of St.
+Columb's Cathedral, it lies in the midst of a beautiful country just
+like a cameo fallen into a basket of flowers. The houses cluster round
+the base of the hill on the land side, spread themselves in irregular
+masses over the adjoining level, or clamber up the opposite rise on the
+brow of which stands St. Eugene's Cathedral, yet unfinished, and the
+pile of turrets which constitute Magee College. A noble bridge spans the
+Foyle, and through a forest of shipmasts one may see on the other side
+the city rising up from the water, and stretching along the bending
+shore till it becomes lost in the villa-studded woods of Prehen.
+
+The massive walls, half hidden by encroaching commerce, the grim-looking
+gates, and the old rusty cannon whose mouth thundered the "No" of the
+"Maiden City" to the rough advances of James, in 1689, give the city a
+mediaeval air that well accords with its monastic origin. For, let her
+citizens gild the bitter pill as they may, the cradle of Derry--the
+Rochelle of Irish Protestantism--was rocked by monks--aye, by monks in
+as close communion with Rome as are the dread Jesuits to-day.
+
+Fourteen hundred years ago the Foyle flowed on to mingle its waters with
+ocean as calmly as it does to-day, but its peaceful bosom reflected a
+far different scene. Then the fair, fresh face of nature was unsullied
+by the hand of man. "The tides flowed round the hill which was of an
+oval form, and rose 119 feet above the level of the sea, thus forming an
+island of about 200 acres."[1] A Daire or oak grove spread its leafy
+shade over the whole, and gave shelter to the red deer and an unceasing
+choir of little songsters. It was called in the language of the time
+"Daire-Calgachi." The first part of the name in the modern form of
+Derry, still remains--though now the stately rows of oak have given way
+to the streets of a busy city, and the smoke of numerous factories
+clouds the atmosphere.
+
+One day, in the early part of 546, there visited the grove, in company
+with the local chieftain, a youth named Columba, a scion of the royal
+race of the O'Donnells. He was captivated by its beauty. It seemed the
+very spot for the monastery he was anxious to establish. He was only a
+deacon; but the fame of his sanctity had already filled the land, and
+the princes of his family were ever urging him to found a monastery
+whose monks, they hoped, would reflect his virtues and increase the
+faith and piety of their clan. This seemed the very spot for such an
+establishment. The neighborhood of the royal fortress of Aileach, that
+
+       "Sits evermore like a queen on her throne
+   And smiles on the valleys of green Innishowen,"
+
+promised security; the river an unfailing supply of fish; the woods
+material to build with; and, better than all, the lord of the district
+was his cousin Ainmire, from whom Columba had only to ask to receive. He
+did ask the island for God, and his request was joyfully complied with.
+
+It was just three years after the deacon-abbot of Monte Casino had
+passed to his reward, that the young Irish deacon began his monastery.
+To erect monastic buildings in those days was a work of very little
+labor. A wooden church, destined in the course of time to give place to
+a more durable edifice--the seat of a bishopric--was first erected. Then
+the cells of the monks were put up. They were of circular form and of
+the simplest construction. A stout post was firmly planted in what was
+to be the centre, and a number of slighter poles were then placed at
+equal distances round it. The interstices--space however having been
+left for a door--were filled up with willow or hazel saplings in the
+form of basketwork. From the outer poles rafters sprang to the
+centre-posts, and across them were laid rows of laths over which a fibry
+web of sod was thrown, and the whole thatched with straw or rushes. The
+inside of the wall was lined with moss--the outside plastered with soft
+clay. A rough wooden bed--and in the case of Columba himself and many of
+his monks--a stone pillow, a polaire or leathern satchel for holding
+books, a writing-desk and seat, formed the furniture of this rude cell,
+which was the ordinary dwelling of monk and student during the golden
+age of the Irish Church.
+
+Only a few weeks elapsed from the time that the first tree was felled
+till the new community, or rather order, took up their abode in it, and
+the swelling strain of their vespers was borne down the Lough by the
+rippling breeze and echoed by the religious, whose convents, presided
+over by SS. Frigidian and Cardens sentinelled the mouth of the Lough at
+Moville and Coleraine. The habit of these monks--similar to that of Iona
+and Lindisfarne, consisted of "[2]the cowl--of coarse texture, made of
+wool, retaining its natural color and the tunic, or under habit, which
+was also white. If the weather was particularly severe an amphibalus, or
+double mantle, was permitted. When engaged at work on the farm the
+brethern wore sandals which were not used within the monastery."
+
+Though their time was mainly devoted to prayer, meditation and the
+various other religious exercises, yet their rule made them apply every
+spare moment to copying and illuminating MSS. or some other kind of
+manual or intellectual labor, according as their strength and talents
+permitted. By this, people were attracted to the spot. Houses sprang up
+in the neighborhood of the monastery, that continually increasing in
+number, at length grew into a city, just as from a similar monastic germ
+have sprung nearly all the great German cities.
+
+Columba in the busy years that elapsed between 546 and his final
+departure from Ireland in 563, looked upon Derry as his home. It was his
+first and dearest monastery. It was in his own Tyrconnell, but a few
+miles from that home by Lough Gartan, where he first saw the light, and
+from his foster home amid the mountains of Kilmacrenan, that, rising
+with their green belts of trees and purple mantles of heather over the
+valleys, seemed like huge festoons hung from the blue-patched horizon.
+Then the very air was redolent of sanctity. If he turned to the south,
+the warm breezes that swayed his cowl reminded him that away behind
+those wooded hills in Ardstraw, prayed Eugene, destined to share with
+him the patronage of the diocese, and that farther up, St. Creggan,
+whose name the Presbyterian farmers unconsciously preserve in the
+designation of their townland, Magheracreggan, presided over
+Scarrabern, the daughter-house of Ardstraw. Then turning slowly
+northwards he would meet with the persons, or relics, of St. O'Heney in
+Banagher, St. Sura in Maghera, St. Martin in Desertmartin, St. Canice in
+Limavady, St. Goar in Aghadoey, St. Cardens in Coleraine, St. Frigidian
+in Moville, St. Comgell in Culdaff, St. McCartin in Donagh, St. Egneach
+in the wildly beautiful pass of Mamore, St. Mura in Fahan, and his own
+old teacher, St. Cruithnecan in Kilmacrenan. All these, and many others,
+whose names tradition but feebly echoes, were contemporary, or nearly
+so, with him; and with many of them, he was united in the warmest bonds
+of friendship,--a friendship that served to rivet him the more to Derry.
+Even the budding glories of Durrow and Kells could not draw him away
+from his "loved oak-grove;" and at length, when the time had come for
+him to go forth and plant the faith in a foreign land, it was the monks
+of Derry who received his last embrace ere he seated himself with his
+twelve companions, also monks of Derry, in his little osier coracle, and
+with tearful eyes watched his grove till the topmost leaf had sunk
+beneath the curving wave.
+
+When twenty-seven years after he visited his native land, as the deputy
+of an infant nation and the saviour of the bards, on whom, but for his
+kindly intercession, the hand of infuriated justice had heavily fallen,
+his first visit was to Derry. It was probably during this visit that he
+founded that church on the other side of the Foyle, whose ivy-clad walls
+and gravelled area the reader of "Thackeray's Sketch Book" may remember;
+but few know that it was wantonly demolished by Dr. Weston (1467-1484),
+the only Englishman who ever held the See of Derry; and "who," adds
+Colgan, "began out of the ruins to build a palace for himself, which the
+avenging hand of God did not allow him to complete."
+
+Columba's heart ever yearned to Derry. In one of his poems he tells us
+"how my boat would fly if its prow were turned to my Irish oak grove."
+And one day when "that grey eye, which ever turned to Erin," was gazing
+wistfully at the horizon, where Ireland ought to appear, his love for
+Derry found expression in a little poem, the English version of which I
+transcribed from Cardinal Moran's "Irish Saints."
+
+   "Were the tribute of all Alba mine,
+   From its centre to its border,
+   I would prefer the sight of one cell
+   In the middle of fair Derry.
+
+   "The reason I love Derry is
+   For its quietness, for its purity;
+   Crowded full of heaven's angels,
+   Is every leaf of the oaks of Derry.
+
+   "My Derry, my little oak grove,
+   My abode and my little cell,
+   O eternal God in heaven above,
+   Woe be to him who violates it."
+
+With the same love that he himself had for his "little oak grove," he
+seems to have inspired the annalists of his race, for on turning over
+the pages of the Four Masters, the eye is arrested by such entries as,--
+
+   "1146, a violent tempest blew down sixty oaks in Derry-Columbkille."
+   "1178, a storm prostrated one hundred and twenty oaks in
+   Derry-Columbkille."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These little tokens of reverence for the trees, which had been
+sanctified by his presence and love, show us how deep a root his memory
+had in the affections of the Donegal Franciscans, when they paused in
+their serious and compendious work to record every little accident that
+happened to his monastery. But, alas, all the protection that
+O'Donnell's clan might afford, all the fear that Columba's "Woe" might
+inspire, could not save his grove. Like many a similar one in Ireland,
+storms, and the destructive hand of man, have combined to blot it off
+the face of the landscape, and nothing now remains but the name.
+
+The monastery, too, shared the same fate. Burned by the Danes in 812,
+989, 997 and 1095, phoenix-like it rose again from its ashes, each
+time in greater beauty. The church, after one of these burnings, was
+rebuilt of stone; and from its charred and blackened appearance after
+the next burning, received the name of Dubh-Regles or Black Church of
+the Abbey--a name by which in the Annals the monastery itself is often
+called.
+
+But Derry had other enemies than the Danes. In 1124 we find "Ardgar,
+Prince of Aileach, killed by the ecclesiastics of Doire-Columbkille in
+the defence of their church. His followers in revenge burned the town
+and churches." The then abbot was St. Gelasius, who, after presiding
+sixteen years over the monastery, which he had entered a novice in early
+youth, was, in 1137, raised to the Primatial See of Armagh; and dying in
+1174, nearly closes the long calendar of Irish Saints. The first year of
+his abbacy (1121) had been marked by the death in the monastery of
+"Domwald Magloughlin Ardrigh of Erin, a generous prince, charitable to
+the poor and liberal to the rich, who, feeling his end approaching, had
+withdrawn thither,"--a fact which shows the great veneration in which
+this monastery was held.
+
+The name of the next abbot, Flathbert O'Brolcan, or Bradley, is one of
+the brightest in the Annals of Derry. He was greatly distinguished for
+his sanctity and learning, but still more for his administrative
+abilities. As abbot of Derry he was present at the Synod of Kells in
+1152. Six years after, at the Synod of Brightaig (near Trim, county
+Meath), a continuation or prorogation of that of Kells, Derry was
+created an Episcopal See and Flathbert appointed its first bishop. A
+much more honorable distinction was given him, when by the same synod,
+he was appointed "prefect general of all the abbeys of Ireland," an
+appointment which must probably be limited to the Columbian Abbeys,
+which were at the time very numerous. Some idea of the wealth and power
+of the Columbian order may be gathered from the records that the Masters
+have given us of Flathbert's visitations. "In 1150 he visited Tireoghain
+(Tyrone), and obtained a horse from every chieftain; a cow from every
+two biataghs; a cow from every three freeholders; a cow from every four
+villeins; and twenty cows from the king himself; a gold ring of five
+ounces, his horse and battle-dregs from the son of O'Lochlain, king of
+Ireland." "In 1153 he visited Down and Antrim and got a horse from
+every chieftain; a sheep from every hearth; a horse and five cows from
+O'Dunlevy, and an ounce of gold from his wife." And in 1161 he visited
+Ossory, and "in lieu of the tribute of seven score oxen due to him,
+accepted four hundred and twenty ounces of pure silver."
+
+But though thus honored by the hierarchy and people, enemies were not
+wanting to him. In 1144 the monastery had been burned and hostile clouds
+were again gathering round it, when in 1163 Flathbert erected a cashel
+or series of earthen fortifications, which baffled for a time the enmity
+of the plunderer. A passing calm was thus assured him, of which he took
+advantage, in 1164, to commence the building of his Cathedral, called in
+Irish "Teampull-mor," a name which one of the city parishes still
+retains. But the times were troublous, and hardly was the Cathedral
+finished than we find in 1166 "O'More burning Derry as far as the church
+Dubh-Regles."
+
+In 1175, on the death of their abbot the monks of Iona elected
+Flathbert; but he felt that the shadows of death were gathering round
+him, and he would not leave his own monastery of Derry. He died the same
+year, and "was buried in the monastery, leaving a great reputation for
+wisdom and liberality;" but before his death he had the pleasure of
+knowing that "1175, Donough O'Carolan perfected a treaty of friendship
+with the abbey and town, and gave to the abbey a betagh townland of
+Donoughmore and certain duties."
+
+Some years before his death Flathbert had resigned the See of Derry in
+favor of Dr. Muredach O'Coffey,[3] who, having been consecrated bishop
+of Ardstraw had, in 1150, transferred that See to Maghera or Rathlure,
+thus uniting Ardstraw and Rathlure. His accession to Derry joined the
+three into one, to which under Dr. O'Carolan in the next century,
+Innishowen was added, thus forming the modern diocese.
+
+Dr. O'Coffey took up his residence in the abbey where, on the 10th of
+February, 1173, he breathed his last. Archdall in his Monasticon calls
+him "St. Muredach;" but the old Annalists content themselves with saying
+that "he was the sun of science, the precious stone and resplendent gem
+of knowledge, the bright star and rich treasury of learning; and as in
+charity so, too, was he powerful in pilgrimage and prayer." The Masters
+add that "a great miracle was performed on the night of his death; the
+dark night was illumined from midnight to day-break; and the neighboring
+parts of the world which were visible were in one blaze of light; and
+all persons arose from their beds imagining it was day."
+
+But I must now hasten to the end, for there is little in the history of
+the next four centuries over which one loves to linger. The story it
+tells is the old one of robberies and murders and burnings. It records
+the first rumblings of that storm so soon to break over that land and
+make of our island a vast coliseum, drenching it with the blood of
+martyrs. I have often thought what a pang it must have cost the heart of
+Brother Michael Oblery to pen such entries as these:
+
+     "1195, Rury, son of Dunlere, chief of Ulidia, plunders
+     Derry-Columbkille with an English force."
+
+     "1197, Sir John De Courcy plunders the abbey of Derry."
+
+     "1198, Sir John De Courcy again plunders Derry abbey."
+
+How his eyes must have filled as he glanced in memory over the long tale
+of his country's sufferings, on the record of which he was about to
+enter. 'Twas bad enough to see the Dane lay sacrilegious hands on the
+sacred vessels; but it was worse still to behold one's fellow-Catholic
+apply the robber's torch to the church of God where, perhaps, at that
+very moment our Lord himself lay hid under the sacramental veils. Yet
+these were the men who, from the Loire to the Jordan had fought the
+church's battle so gallantly,--whose countrymen would only hold the
+Calabrian kingdom, that their lances had purchased so dearly, as vassals
+of the Pope,--the very men who themselves were studding the Pale with
+those architectural gems, of which the ruins of Dunbrody and its sister
+abbeys still speak so eloquently. It was a strange fancy that made them
+tumble the Irish monastery to-day, and lay the foundation of an
+Anglo-Irish one to-morrow. Yet so it was; for in the charters of many of
+those monasteries, in which, it was enacted in 1380, that no mere
+Irishman should be allowed to take vows, the name of John De Courcy is
+entered as founder or benefactor. One hardly knows whether to condemn
+him for destroying Columba's favorite abbey, or praise him for the
+solicitude he expresses in his letter to the Pope for the proper
+preservation of Columba's relics. The acts of the man and his nation are
+so contradictory, that the only reasonable conclusion we can draw from
+them is the practical one, never again to wonder that the faith of such
+men withered at the first blast of persecution.
+
+Nevertheless, the monastery survived these attacks; for in the early
+part of the fifteenth century, we find the then abbot of Derry
+negotiating a peace between the English and O'Donnell. But in its
+subsequent annals nothing more than the mere date of an inmate's death
+meets us till we come to the great catastrophe, which ended at once the
+monastery and order of Columba. Cox thus tells the story: "Colonel
+Saintlow succeeded Randolph in the command of the garrison and lived as
+quietly as could be desired, for the rebels were so daunted by the
+former defeat that they did not dare to make any new attempt; but
+unluckily on the 24th of April, 1566, the ammunition took fire and blew
+up the town and fort of Derry, so that the soldiers were obliged to
+embark for Dublin."[4] "This disaster was regarded at the time as a
+divine chastisement for the profanation of St. Columba's church and
+cell, the latter being used by the heretical soldiery as a repository of
+ammunition, while the former was defiled by their profane worship."[5]
+
+                                                     J. MCH.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 1: Sampson.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Cardinal Moran "Irish Saints in G. Brit." p 121.]
+
+[Footnote 3: Theiner. Mon. Vat. p. 48.]
+
+
+An actor once delivered a letter of introduction to a manager, which
+described him as an actor of great merit, and concluded: "He plays
+Virginius, Richelieu, Hamlet, Shylock, and billiards. He plays billiards
+the best."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 4: Cox. Hist. pt. I. p. 322.]
+
+[Footnote 5: O'Sulliv. Cath. Hist. p. 96.]
+
+
+
+
+The Penitent on the Cross.
+
+
+   Few deeds of guilt are strangers to my eyes,
+     These hands of mine have wrought full share of sin,
+   My very heart seemed steeled to pity's cries:
+     Whence then this thought that melts my soul within?
+
+   What is there in that Form that moves me so?
+     So sweet a victim ne'er mine eyes beheld;
+   That beauteous face, that majesty of woe,
+     That hidden something from my sight withheld.
+
+   Cease thou at least, nor join the mocking throng,
+     Thou heartless sharer in our common doom!
+   Just meed for us, but He hath done no wrong;
+     All seems so strange--what means the gathering gloom?
+
+   That lonely mother, there oppressed with woe,
+     O'erheard me now I saw her raise her eyes;
+   To bless me--and with clasping hands as though
+     She craved a something, through the darkening skies.
+
+   Hear how the priests discuss with mocking scorn
+     The triple scroll above His crowned head.
+   "Jesus of Nazareth," the lowly born;
+     "King of the Jews," in Royal David's stead.
+
+   Ah, me; but I have heard that name of old
+     From waylaid victims in my outlaw den.
+   They won me from fell purpose as they told
+     His deeds of love and wonder amongst men.
+
+   They told me how the sea in billows dashed
+     Became as marble smooth beneath His feet;
+   How He rebuked the winds to fury lashed,
+     And they were hushed to murmurs low and sweet.
+
+   He, then it was that gave the blind their sight,
+     And made the palsied leap with bounding tread;
+   And as you'd wake the sleeping in the night
+     From even their sleep awoke the slumbering dead.
+
+   Oh, Master, had I known Thee in those days,
+     Fain might I too have followed Thee as Friend;
+   But then I was an outlaw by the ways,
+     And now 'tis late--my days are at an end.
+
+   "No, not too late." Oh, God! whose is that voice
+     That sounds within me such a heavenly strain,
+   And makes my being to its depths rejoice
+     As if it felt creation's touch again?
+
+   What is that light, that glorious light which brings
+     Such wondrous knowledge of things all unseen,
+   And yet wherein I see fair, far-off things
+     To mortal vision hid, however keen.
+
+   And centred in that flood of golden light,
+     One truth that catches all its scattered beams--
+   Illumed above the rest so fair, so bright:
+     It is thy God whose blood beside thee streams.
+
+   Oh, God of glory! hear the outlaw's prayer,
+     And in Thy home but kindly think of me;
+   I dare but ask to be remembered there,
+     Nor heaven I seek, but to be loved by Thee.
+
+   From off the Cross whereon the Saviour hung
+     Fell on his ears response of wondrous love,
+   More sweet than though the cherubim had sung
+     The sweetest songs they sing in heaven above.
+
+   Yes, loved but not remembered thou shalt be--
+     The absent only may remembrance claim--
+   But in my kingdom thou shalt dwell with me,
+     Companion of my glory as my shame.
+
+   Amen, amen, I say to thee that thou,
+     Ere yet another day illume the skies,
+   With crown unlike to this that binds my brow
+     Shalt share the glories of my paradise.
+
+                                                 F. E. EMON.
+
+
+
+
+The Celt in America.
+
+It is the common delusion of our day that Americans as a people are of
+Anglo-Saxon lineage. This has been said and reiterated, until it
+descends into the lowest depths of sycophancy and utter folly. It is
+false in fact, for above all other claimants, that of the Celt is by far
+the best. Glancing back to our primeval history, we find the Kelt to be
+the centre-figure of its legends and traditions. We are told by an old
+chronicle, that Brendan, an Irishman, discovered this continent about
+550 A. D., and named it Irland-Kir-Mikla, or Great Eire; this is
+corroborated by the Scandinavians. Iceland was settled in the sixth
+century by Irish, and when the Norsemen settled there, they found the
+remains of an Irish civilization in churches, ruins, crosses and urns:
+thus, it is not at all improbable that the Celts of those islands sent
+out exploring parties who discovered for the first time the American
+continent. Passing over the myths and legends of that curious and quaint
+era, let us read the pages of authentic American history.
+
+On that memorable October day, when the caravels of Columbus came to
+anchor in the New World, the Celt acted well his part in that great
+drama. He who first reached land, from the ships of Columbus, was a
+Patrick Maguiras, an Irishman. Columbus in his second voyage had on
+board an Irish priest, Father Boyle, and several of his crew were Celts.
+In the early discoveries and settlements the Kelt was ever in the van of
+the pioneers of Western civilization; he explored rivers, bays, and
+forests, while the Anglo-Saxon scarce tread on American soil until the
+close of the sixteenth century. The first gateway to civilization for
+the West, was made by priests from France, among whom were many Irish
+missionaries, who were forced to fly their native land and seek shelter
+elsewhere. St. Augustine and New Mexico were founded by the Spaniards
+long before a cabin was built in Jamestown, and the Spanish and French
+sovereigns ruled numerous flourishing dependencies in the New World ere
+the English Pilgrims had seen Plymouth. The Anglo-Saxons, then, were not
+so forward in explorations and discoveries as their neighbors, the Celts
+and Latins. Review the epoch of the colonial development, and we find
+that the Celt surpasses the Saxon.
+
+The Huguenots fled from France; the Scotchman left his native heather to
+escape despotism; the Irishman exiled from his patrimony sought a home
+in the American wilds. Many a Spaniard made his Nova Iberia in the
+South, and the log-cabins of the French pioneers dotted the
+north-western wilderness. The Swedes founded Delaware, and New York was
+created by the stolid Dutch. The Moravians and the Welsh came hither
+likewise; the Puritans fled Merry England and Quakers sought religious
+freedom in America; but the great body of the English people believing
+in the State and the religion of their sovereign, had no desire to risk
+fortune here, especially when the laws were made for their benefit even
+if at the expense of the colonists. Thus, with exceptions of the Quaker
+and the Puritan, some few Cavaliers and the paupers, the great body of
+the Anglo-Saxon people remained at home. In American colonization,
+Anglo-Saxonism was but a drop in the bucket. Among all the famous
+thirteen colonies there was not one settled by Saxons exclusively; and
+in all of the colonies the Celt predominated. The Puritans when they
+founded Massachusetts, rigorously excluded all who differed from them;
+nevertheless the Celt waxed strong in New England. "It was," says
+Hawthorne, "no uncommon thing in those days to see an
+advertisement in the colonial paper, of the
+arrival of fresh Irish slaves and potatoes." Bunker Hill itself was
+named after a knoll in county Antrim. Faneuil Hall was the gift of a
+Celt, and the plan of it was drawn by Berkeley, the Irish philosopher,
+who said prophetically,
+
+   "Westward the course of empire takes its way;
+     The four first acts already past,
+   A fifth shall close the drama with the day;
+     Time's noblest empire is the last."
+
+The Boston Irish Charitable Society was organized near a century and a
+half ago, and the first paper mill in Massachusetts was built by a Celt
+named Thomas Smith. The names of Belfast, Londonderry, Ulster, Sullivan
+and Bangor show the nationality of their settlers. The founders of the
+Empire State were Teutons; but when it passed to the English realm,
+James II. sent over as Governor, Colonel Dongan, an Irishman. This
+Governor during his term of office, brought over large numbers of Irish
+emigrants. Pennsylvania was the most Keltic of the colonies. The first
+daily paper in the United States was founded by John Dunlap, an
+Irishman. So great was Celtic emigration to this State that in one year
+(1729) there came to Pennsylvania no fewer than 6,208 persons, of whom
+242 were Germans, 247 English, and 5,653 Irishmen. So numerous were
+Celts that Washington once said, "Put me in Rockbridge County, and I'll
+find men enough to save the Revolution." In Maryland it was the same.
+The first ship that sailed into Baltimore was Irish, though the
+figure-head, Cecil Calvert, was English; but the town from which he
+derived his title, and after which the metropolis of Maryland is named,
+is in Galway, Ireland. In the Old Dominion, the first settlers were in
+good part English. The Scotch and Welsh were very powerful, and the
+Irish were very numerous. The impress if the Celts in Virginia is seen
+in Carroll and Logan counties, Lynchburg, Burkesville, Brucktown and
+Wheeling.
+
+In 1652, Cromwell recommended that Irishwomen be sold to merchants, and
+shipped to New England and Virginia, there to be sold as wives to the
+colonists. A manuscript of Dr. Lingard's puts the number sold, at about
+60,000; Brondin, a contemporary, places the number at 100,000. The names
+of these women have become anglicized, for the English law forbade the
+Irish to have an Irish name, and commanded them to assume English names.
+North Carolina was settled mainly by the Scotch and Welsh, with English
+and Irish additions. So was Georgia. In South Carolina the Irish
+predominated. "Of all the countries," says the historian of South
+Carolina, "none has furnished this province with so many inhabitants as
+Ireland. Scarce a ship leaves any of its ports for Charleston that is
+not crowded with men, women, and children." So much for the so-called
+English colonies. Among the foremost of distinguished men in the
+colonial times were the Celts. The first man elected to an office, not
+appointed by the Crown, was James Moore, Governor of North Carolina.
+James Logan, the successor of Penn, and William Thompson, were both
+Celts. Let us glance at the Revolution; it is in this struggle that the
+Celt was covered with glory; and either on the field or in the forum he
+was always in the van. The Celts of Mecklenburg made a declaration of
+freedom over a year before the Declaration of Independence was made.
+
+Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, was of
+Welsh ancestry, and thus a Celt. John Hancock inherited Celtic blood
+from his mother, Nora O'Flaherty. Behold the array of Celts who signed
+the Declaration in 1776: Carroll, Thornton, McKean, Rutledge, Lewis,
+Hart, Lynch, Jefferson and Reed. A merchant of Philadelphia, John Nixon,
+first read to the people that immortal paper. Charles Thompson, Thomas
+McHenry and Patrick Henry, the Demosthenes of the Revolution, were
+Celts. The poetry of the loyal English writers afford abundant proof of
+the influence and numbers of the Celts in those days. The first blow for
+Independence was struck by James Sullivan of New Hampshire, and the
+first blow on sea was struck by Jeremiah O'Brien, of Machias, Maine. A
+Celt, Thomas Cargill, of Ballyshannon, saved the records of Concord when
+the British soldiery went out from Boston to destroy the military stores
+in Middlesex. Nor was it in the opening scenes alone that the Celts were
+prominent; but from the death of McClary on Bunker Hill, to the close of
+the war, they fought with a vigor and bravery unsurpassed. Who charged
+through the snowdrifts around Quebec but Montgomery, a Celt.
+
+Who fought so bravely at Brandywine? at Bemis's Heights, who saved the
+day but Morgan's Irish Rifles. Was it not mad Anthony Wayne, a Celt, who
+won Stony Point? General Sullivan, a Celt, avenged the Wyoming Massacre.
+General Hand, a Celt, first routed the Hessians. The hero of Bennington
+was a Celt, General Stark; so were Generals Conway, Knox, Greene, Lewis,
+Brigadier Generals Moore, Fitzgerald, Hogan, Colonels Moylan and Butler.
+In fact, American annals are so replete with trophies of Celtic valor
+that it would be vain to narrate them all.
+
+   "A hundred battlefields attest, a hundred victories show,
+   How well at liberty's behest they fought our country's foe."
+
+The only society that ever had the honor of enrolling the name of
+Washington among its members was the Friendly Knights of St. Patrick. It
+is an incident worthy of remark that at Yorktown it was a Celt, General
+O'Hara, who gave to America the symbol of England's final defeat. When
+the war of the Revolution was ended the Celt laid aside the sword to
+engage in the arts of peace and build up the industries of the country.
+
+Twenty Irish merchants subscribed $500,000 to pay the soldiers, and they
+aided in every possible way the young and weak government. Then the
+Celtic statesmen rose to view Hamilton, Jefferson, Gov. Sullivan of New
+Hampshire, Gov. Sullivan of Massachusetts, De Witt Clinton of New York,
+John Armstrong, jr., of Pennsylvania, Calhoun, Louis McLane and George
+Campbell. Since those days the numbers and influence of the Celts has
+been constantly increasing, and were it not for the sturdy Scotchman,
+the Welshman, and Irishman our nation would still be a conjury of the
+future. On the battlefield Grant, Meade, McClellan, Scott, Sheridan,
+McDowell, Shields, Butler, McCook, McPherson, Kearney, Stonewall
+Jackson, McClernand, Rowan, Corcoran, Porter, Claiborne and Logan show
+the valor of the Celt. Jones, Barry, Decatur, McDonough, Stewart and
+Blakely are the ideals of the American sailor. Morse, McCormack, Fulton
+are among our greatest inventors. Jackson, Pierce, Buchanan, Wilson,
+Cameron, Douglas, Blaine, Arthur and Hill are our Celtic statesmen.
+Charles O'Conor, McVeagh, Stuart, Black, Campbell, McKinley, McLean,
+Rutledge are our greatest jurists. Poe, Greeley, Shea, Baker, Savage,
+England, Hughes, Spalding, O'Rielly, Barrett, Purcell, Keene,
+McCullough, Boucicault, Bennett, Connery and Jones are Celts, names
+famous in journalism, religion, literature and drama. The Celt, in the
+words of Henry Clay, are "bone of our bone" and "flesh of our flesh,"
+thus acknowledging him to be part and parcel of our nation.
+
+Let us leave the flowery field of rhetoric and strike the hard pan of
+statistics. The official census of 1870 numbers the Celts at 24,000,000,
+the Saxons at 5,000,000, and the whole population at 38,500,000. In
+proportion the Celts were five-eighths and the Saxons one-eighth of the
+people of the country, two-eighths being of other origin. There are now
+50,000,000 inhabitants, of which (20,000,000 are Irish-Americans)
+five-eighths are Celts who number 32,500,000, and one-eighth Saxon, or
+7,000,000, and the residue being filled with other races. Thus we see
+that in numbers the nation is Celtic or nearly so. Let not national
+vanity or prejudice of race assert itself too strongly, for here came
+all to obtain their just and lawful liberty.
+
+   Worcester, Mass.                             J. SULLIVAN.
+
+
+
+
+Southern Sketches.
+
+XVII.
+
+IN HAVANA, CUBA.--DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY, ITS PEOPLE, CHURCHES AND
+CIVIL INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+On approaching the Isle of Cuba, the sight of this queen of the Antilles
+seemed like the realization of some beautiful Eastern dream. As our
+vessel neared the verdant, palm-clad hills, our party were caressed by
+warm, odorous breezes. The softest of blue skies looked down upon us,
+and we gazed on the smoothest and clearest of seas. No wonder that the
+brave and holy Columbus, with his crew, should feel transported with joy
+at the sight of the tropical isles on which they first set foot. The
+poetic effect of the scenes then viewed must have been greatly increased
+by the appearance of the native Indians, whose costumes and wild graces
+were so strange to European eyes.
+
+Richly painted boats filled with gay, chattering Cubans moved briskly
+over the waters as we neared the entrance to the harbor. A beautiful
+picture now appeared before us. It seemed as if enchanted palaces,
+gardens, castles and towers had suddenly issued from the depths of the
+green, transparent waves. Nearly every building had a peculiarly
+exquisite tint, and all were flooded and enriched with the mellow,
+tropical sunlight. Fort Morro, to the left, beetled over the waves like
+some sombre and impregnable defence of the Middle Ages. Its golden-brown
+and colossal walls sprung like a master-piece of feudal art from the
+dark, wave-washed, slippery rocks below. The tall, slender light-house
+connected with it greatly added to its attractions. Soldiers in bright
+uniforms paced to and fro on the ramparts, while the flag of old Spain,
+with its mingled hues of blood and gold, floated proudly above the
+battlements. The harbor was narrow at the entrance and widened further
+on, appearing in shape like the palm of one's hand. I felt so dazzled
+with the splendors around me, that I could not grasp at once the
+beauties of individual objects.
+
+Opposite Fort Morro stood El Castillo de La Punta, an older, but
+smaller defence erected by Philip II., in 1589. Immediately behind the
+Morro, Fort La Cahanas spread away for nearly half a mile on the top of
+a picturesque range of hills. This is one of the largest forts in the
+world, and cost (as I was informed) thirty million dollars. When the
+King of Spain heard of its vast price, he took his telescope at once,
+and told his courtiers that so expensive a building ought to be plainly
+seen from the top of his Madrid palace. White-stoned cottages lined the
+waters to the left, and decorated the slopes of the hills, which were
+full of cacti, century plants and thousands of other floral beauties.
+Everything around us reflected the poetry of color and motion. The great
+walls of the prison (el Carcel) appeared at the rear of the Punta, and
+the hoary, weather-stained walls and towers of the cathedral were
+conspicuous amid the many highly-colored houses of the city. The sight
+of this strange and picturesquely colored town made me feel like
+visiting the queer and lovely old Moorish cities of Spain, so charmingly
+described by Washington Irving.
+
+Havana has two quarters, the _intramural_ and the _extramural_; the
+former lies along the bay. It has the narrowest streets and the oldest
+buildings, dim, dusty, but poetic. The latter quarter spreads along the
+ocean, and has the newest structures and widest streets, adorned with
+palm and Indian laurel trees. The contrast from the moving ship appeared
+very fine, and the glowing panorama was enriched by the presence of
+stately men-of-war and merchant vessels from the United States, France,
+Spain, Italy and other nations. Every mast, spar, flag and rope was
+reflected on the dazzling waters. Through the vast collection of masts,
+golden vistas were seen up the bay. Lovely isles and emerald shores
+presented their wealth of waving palms, bananas, and tropical growths.
+The fact of the thermometer being up to eighty degrees on this February
+morning added immensely to the sense of enjoyment derived from these
+luxuriant scenes. The booming of cannon from the Morro, the sound of
+trumpets calling soldiers to their posts, and the whistling, laughing
+and shouting of boatmen contributed no little interest to the picture.
+Numerous boats sped here and there over the bay as our vessel anchored
+in the basin outside the custom-house. Each one had some lively Cuban
+boatmen and messengers from hotels, who came to row passengers to shore,
+and solicit patronage for particular houses. The whole scene presented a
+most animated picture, and the green, red, blue and yellow boats, with
+the white-dressed, broad-hatted, dark-eyed occupants looked uncommonly
+grand. When the health-officer came on board, each person was inspected
+as to his sanitary condition, and then left to excited crowds, who
+delivered their solicitations for patronage in excellent Spanish mixed
+with a little broken English. Cards, bearing pictures of "the Hotel de
+San Carlos," "El Teleprafo," "Hotel de Inglaterra," "de Europa," and
+others were tossed rather than handed to us by white-clad characters who
+thronged the decks. Among the smaller brown-faced, curly-headed boatmen
+were some lithe and powerful Cubans dressed in simple white shirt and
+pants, blue neck-ties and Panama hats. Having agreed with one of these
+to go from the vessel to the city at the rate of fifty cents apiece in
+gold, our party passed down the companion-ladder and entered a
+well-built bumboat, painted in green, blue and yellow, adorned with
+carpets, cushions, one sail and a gorgeous awning. The soft, tropical
+sun shone down on this poetical scene, and as the powerful arms of the
+oarsmen propelled the boat, the breezes played over us and the green
+waters.
+
+On embarking at the custom-house, an unpretending wooden structure, our
+luggage was carefully overhauled by a courteous officer, attired in
+spotless, light-blue linen. Passing through the building I emerged on
+the street where crowds of negroes, Cuban and foreigners were engaged in
+smoking, chatting, and watching the newly-arrived travellers. Numerous
+coaches were drawn up in this neighborhood, and a person could visit any
+part of the city in one of them for a trifling sum. The Hotel de Europa,
+where I intended to stay, was only a few minutes' walk from the
+custom-house, and was delightfully situated on the Plaza de St.
+Francisco, facing the bay.
+
+The first sight of Havana reveals to the United States visitor, who
+never saw a Spanish city, a style of architecture, habits and scenes
+entirely characteristic of Spain. The streets through which I passed
+were but wide enough for one vehicle; the sidewalks could only
+accommodate one foot passenger, and the houses, usually of one story,
+were built of stone as thick, solid and gloomy looking as fortresses. On
+my way I noticed that the windows had no glass, but were as large as
+doors, fortified within by iron bars like those of a prison, and
+additionally defended by heavy, wooden shutters generally painted green.
+The shops were on a level with the pavement, and their rich and rare
+collection of goods were all exposed to the view of the public. Awnings
+now and then extended overhead across the street. Now some darkies and
+Chinamen moved along bearing big burthens on their heads, and announcing
+their wares in loud tones in the Spanish language. These were followed
+by what appeared to me to be mysterious moving stalks of corn. As the
+latter came nearer, the heads and legs of donkeys were seen amidst the
+green mass. Then came a Cuban chicken vender from the country, with a
+great big hat and blue shirt, leading his mule by the reins, while the
+panniers on each side of the animal's back were filled with live fowl.
+Immense wagons, laden with hogsheads of sugar and molasses, rattled over
+the rough pavements as they were drawn by huge oxen, that were steered
+by stout ropes, which were cruelly passed through their nostrils. I was
+not a little surprised to see three or four cows walking silently on and
+stopping at the doors of the houses to be milked before the public.
+Customers need have no fears that any adulteration could take place on
+such occasions, as the liquid comes from the pure and natural fountain
+right before their eyes. Two old sailors, each minus an arm, were
+singing patriotic songs and the signors, signoras and signoritas who
+listened to them at the doors and balconies, seemed thrilled with
+delight, at the musical recital of the grand victories of old Spain.
+Peddlers moved along with an immense heap of miscellaneous wares fixed
+in boxes on the backs of their mules. Tall, stately negresses, with
+long, trailing dresses, of flashy green and yellow, walked along quite
+independently, as at Key West, smoking cigars which in New York would
+cost twenty-five cents a piece. One or two Cuban ladies hurried by,
+wearing satin slippers, silken dresses and mantillas of rich black lace.
+The Hotel de Europa, which I soon reached, is a large, plain, solid
+building adorned by a piazza, which runs along the second story, and by
+numerous little balconies higher up. It is a very well-managed
+institution, has an agreeable interpreter in its office, an excellent
+table, and on the hottest day a cool, refreshing breeze from the bay
+sweeps through the rooms. The office on the second story is reached by a
+large stone staircase. The house is built around a spacious courtyard,
+in the centre of which is a beautiful fountain, encircled by choice
+native flowers. The music of the fountain and the shade of the trees
+have a pleasing and cooling effect.
+
+After securing my room I was shown to it by a bright-eyed, garrulous
+Cuban youth named "Josepho," who was well acquainted with his own, but
+lamentably ignorant of the English language. He tried to compensate for
+this drawback by a copious and intelligent use of gesture. Josepho soon
+led me to my room, which stood at the end of a corridor, that was
+flanked on one side by the courtyard, and on the other by sleeping
+apartments. Two great jars, of Pompeian style, stood on a side-board
+outside the door, and were full of cold water. These were for the use of
+the guests on the corridor. When I entered my room I found it had a
+floor of red and yellow tiles, immense, thick rough rafters overhead,
+painted blue and white, an iron bedstead, a great chest of drawers, no
+carpet, and shutters as heavy and ponderous as those of some old
+European prison. Yet everything was pleasant and cool. The view from the
+window of the bay, forts, shipping and houses was very beautiful, and,
+surely, I had keener apprehension of it than the lazy mulateers, whom I
+saw sleeping in their ox-carts below on the square, their red-blue caps
+and white jackets flooded in sunshine. The visitors to Cuba need not
+expect the luxury of a feather bed or a mattress. Neither was visible in
+my room. The couch consisted of a piece of canvas tightly spread over
+the iron frame, and strongly attached to it. A single sheet constituted
+the only covering, and the stranger will find that the pillow, filled
+with the moss of the island is not at all too soft. The nights are so
+pleasant that Cuban hotel keepers think this amount of bed furniture
+quite sufficient.
+
+After a little rest, I decided that the famous Jesuit College, "De
+Belen," would be the first institution worth seeing. I went alone, and
+soon found it on the corner of Lutz and Compostilla Streets. A stranger
+cannot miss it, as it is one of the most formidable buildings in Havana.
+Though its style has something of the barbaric about it, yet it is
+chiefly so on account of its ruggedness, vastness and stern grandeur. It
+is built of stone, cemented and brown in color. The main arched entrance
+is very lofty, and on the steps as I passed by I noticed a gaunt,
+diseased and ragged negro, with outstretched arms soliciting alms. I
+rang the bell. A porter admitted me, and after asking for one of the
+priests in fair Spanish, I was conducted to a grand saloon up stairs and
+politely requested to await the arrival of Father Pinan who was
+conversant with English. The saloon was a magnificent apartment, about
+one hundred feet long by thirty wide. Its walls were adorned with
+splendid paintings done by ancient masters, and all represented dear,
+religious scenes. The lofty white pillars and the blue mouldings of the
+saloon produced a charming effect. Several rows of rocking-chairs,
+placed in pairs so that those occupying them would face one another and
+converse freely, were in this saloon, as is the custom in all others in
+Cuba. As I was admiring the pictures Father Pinan entered, and at once
+welcomed me very cordially to the college. The news, from the States
+interested him, and he promised to give me all the information he could
+regarding the college. "Ah," said he, "it is good to hear that there are
+so many good Catholics and converts in the United States. I do hope that
+they will persevere earnestly."
+
+Father Pinan's frankness, intelligence and hospitality charmed and
+encouraged me. Passing from the saloon through a lofty arch, we entered
+the Museum of Natural History, which was very large and contained a
+splendid collection. Here I saw gorgeous stuffed birds from tropical
+lands, ostriches' eggs, skins of boas, the maha (a large, harmless
+snake), porcupines, sea bulls, flying fish, immense sword fish, jaws of
+enormous sharks, brilliant big butterflies from South America, and an
+immense sea cockroach caught by Spanish men-of-war and presented by a
+general of the navy. Very large sponges, natural crosses of white rock
+from Spain, splendid pearls, magnificent shells from the Pacific Ocean
+and Mediterranean Sea, ivory baskets and miniature churches from China,
+beautiful Oriental slippers, Chinese grapes and apples, royal green
+birds from Mexico, relics of Columbus from St. Domingo, fragments of the
+stone on which General Pizarro sat after his victories, cannon balls
+used by Cortez in his conquest of Mexico, dust from the streets of
+Naples, lava from Vesuvius, pebbles from Mount Ararat, fragments from
+the homes of the vestals of Pompeii, and some of the ruins of Ninevah.
+Here Father Pinan was obliged to take his leave to attend class, and his
+place was splendidly filled by Father Osoro, a young and engaging
+Spanish priest, who was passionately attached to the sciences of Natural
+History and Philosophy. He introduced me at once to the relics with the
+spirit of an enthusiast. He pointed out to me some of the remains of
+Babylon, grand illuminated copies of the Holy Bible and of the office of
+the Blessed Virgin, done on parchment by the monks in 1514, and
+handsomely embellished with gold. He showed me gifts from kings and
+princes of marvellous precious stones, opals, rubies, sapphires,
+diamonds, agates, amethysts, cups of agate, golden snuff-boxes, natural
+crosses in agate, skulls made into cases and pocket books, brilliant
+mosaics and rosaries of gold. Father Osoro directed my attention to the
+paper money of the French Revolution, of the Cuban (so-called) Republic
+and of St. Domingo. He showed me Roman, Spanish, Lusatanian, English,
+French, Belgian, Australian, German, Swedish, Danish, Chinese and
+Japanese coins. Here were immense stone earrings of Indians, mineral and
+geological relics of Guatamala, grand green crystals, teeth of
+antedeluvian beasts, fossils of various kinds, sulphur and iron ore of
+Cuba, and specimens of one hundred and eight different kinds of wood
+that grow on the island. I saw hundreds of other rare and lovely
+curiosities, but it would take a volume to describe all of them. Father
+Osoro next introduced me to the hall of Chemistry and Natural
+Philosophy, a fine room, full of all the modern instruments designed to
+practically illustrate the workings of these useful and interesting
+systems.
+
+From there we went to the refectory, which was capable of seating five
+hundred pupils. Everything here was remarkable for neatness, solidity
+and order. The dormitories, containing five hundred beds, were very
+lofty and airy. I saw handsome crucifixes in conspicuous places here,
+and holy pictures, also, all to remind the pupils of the spirit of
+devotion which they owed to God and his saints. We noticed men washing
+and ironing in the large laundry; no women were employed in the house.
+Here were several grand marble swimming basins for the boys, with large
+apparatuses for hot and cold water, splendid gymnasiums, forty or fifty
+feet long by thirty wide, with pillars painted sky blue, and supporting
+a magnificent ceiling. Swings, dumb-bells, Indian clubs and instruments
+for raising weights were strewn all over the sawdust floors. We passed
+by six court-yards adorned with statues, flowers, fountains and ponds
+full of gold fish. I noticed in front of the church entrance a large and
+splendid representation of the grotto of Lourdes made by one of the
+Jesuit Fathers. Two noble palm-trees which grew near the grotto, added
+greatly to its beauty. The exterior of the church was plain, but massive
+in its appearance, and the interior with its handsome marble floor,
+paintings, frescos and altars, formed a sight of no little interest to
+the stranger. Soft vermillion, pink, rosy and violet reflections from
+the stained glass windows filled the sacred edifice, and gave an
+exquisite coloring to the superb old pictures. On the right, a grand and
+costly crucifix looked down with life-like agony on the priests who were
+vesting in the sacristy. Enormous chests lined the walls of several
+rooms, and in those were stored gorgeous vestments, wonderfully
+beautiful in color and material, and enriched with gold and precious
+stones. Costly presents from kings and Spanish grandees were shown to me
+by the brother sacristan, who took an honest pride in exhibiting those
+blessed things. Magnificent society banners, used during processions on
+great festivals, were subjects of intense interest to the good brother.
+I saw lace albs there, with crotchet work marvellously executed by hand,
+and adorned with brilliants. Each of these cost $1,500. The chapel of
+St. Placidus, attached to the church is a perfect gem with its pillars
+of white and gold. While in Havana, I had the pleasure of saying Mass in
+the Jesuit Church. Other priests were celebrating at the same time, and
+a magnificent congregation of men and women attended. The music was
+exquisitely rendered, but I could not see how the people could continue
+standing and kneeling so patiently all the time. In this, as in the rest
+of the Cuban churches, there are but a few pews. The majority of the
+people, who bring neither seats nor cushions with them, stand, kneel, or
+sit on their heels at intervals. I do not think our Catholics in the
+United States could muster up sufficient courage to endure all this.
+
+After seeing the handsome, dark-eyed boys of the college, its fine
+library and other interesting apartments, I ascended with Father Osoro
+to look at the observatory en the top of the building.
+
+This solid and business-like structure possesses the newest and most
+complete astronomical and meteorological instruments, and the accuracy
+of the scientific results arrived at by the Fathers, has become justly
+celebrated. They received a manifestation of merit from the Centennial
+Exposition of '76, on account of their meteorological observations, and
+the Parisian Exhibition presented them with a magnificent medal. Father
+Benito Vines, the president, communicates regularly with Washington and
+nearly every civilized nation. After viewing the interior of the
+observatory, we came out on the roof, and here I beheld a novel and
+wonderfully lovely sight. Stone and brick walks, four or five feet wide,
+with railings at each side spread away, intersecting each other at
+different points, and all were above the dark, red-tiled roofs of the
+institution. Strong little edifices like watch towers, painted in blue
+and white, stood out prominently near the walks, and no sooner did the
+eye turn from these immediate objects, than it was dazzled by the superb
+panorama of city, ocean, bay, sky and woodland that spread before it.
+
+Father Osoro enjoyed the expressions of admiration that escaped me, as I
+gazed on the high and low roofs on every side, the black turrets, the
+walls of houses, red, green, blue, crimson, yellow, and white all
+mellowed by age. Down below us were the narrow streets, the iron-barred
+windows, the curious shops, verandas, balconies, flag staffs, flying
+pigeons, flowers blooming on the roofs, and bananas growing. Away to the
+north-east stood the grand Morro Castle, the sentinel of the harbor,
+with its frowning guns, and its grand, revolving light shining like a
+gem above the sea. Behind it, Fort Cabana looked long, bold and ancient,
+backed on the east by evergreen hills, and decorated on the south by
+palms and other tropical trees. The harbor, which glittered with
+sunlight, was full of ships, buoys, sail-boats, music and sailors. On
+this side of the bay appeared the old cathedral, with its dark gray
+walls and black and brown roof. Yellow pillars, old towers, picturesque
+wind-mills, brown iron stairs running up to the roofs of mansions,
+palaces, domes, cupolas, plants of great beauty in vases on roofs, and
+numerous old spires intervened. On the right, near the bay, could be
+seen the old church, de San Francisco (now a customs storehouse), the
+church de San Augustin, the church de Sancto Spiritu, and the palace of
+the admiral to the south, the church de Mercede, that of St. Paul, the
+arsenal, military hospital, gas houses, the Castello de Princepe, and
+the suburban gardens of the captain-general. On the north, we beheld the
+ocean, the Castello de Punta and the Casus de Benefecentia.
+The Campo de Marte, Parque de Isabella, the parade grounds, trees,
+statues, fountains and hotels appeared to the west. A refreshing breeze
+stirred an atmosphere of seventy-eight degrees, and not a particle of
+dust arose on street or house-top as the rain which fell on the
+preceding night made all things clean. I would have remained on the top
+of the college 'till dusk, contemplating that superb prospect, but I had
+no time, so bidding good-by to the kind Fathers I determined to see more
+of the city. Before leaving them, however, I could not help reflecting
+upon the immense amount of good which they were doing in Havana. Before
+the Liberals got hold of the Spanish government, the constitutional
+authority of the church in Cuba was not interfered with, but since the
+accession of Freemasons and Freethinkers to power, ecclesiastical
+property has suffered violence from the hands of the State, and the
+nomination and appointment of priests and bishops to place has been
+arrogantly wrested from those appointed by God to legislate in
+spirituals, and assumed by a class of irreligious despots. Though the
+State pays the clergy, still it owns the church property, and entirely
+cripples the power of the bishop, who cannot remove a bad and refractory
+priest, if it suits not the pleasure of the civil authorities. Such a
+state of things naturally caused some demoralization among the clergy,
+and, as a consequence, much religious indifference among the people.
+Societies like the Jesuits, who have been but a few years in Havana, are
+gradually removing pernicious influences like these by the learning,
+piety and zeal which they exhibit from the pulpit and among the people.
+Hundreds of men, as well as of women, are drawn to the sacraments by
+their persuasive eloquence and self-sacrificing, holy lives. The good
+work will continue and bear glorious fruit, if these noble men be not
+persecuted in Havana. My earnest hope is that the glorious influence of
+Catholic Spain will protect them from danger.
+
+                                          REV. M. W. NEWMAN.
+
+
+
+
+A Valiant Soldier of the Cross.
+
+By the Author of "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy."
+
+
+In describing scenes over which mine eye has wandered, I have kept so
+faithfully to the land of the sun, where winter seldom or never leaves
+his icy footprints, that my discursive papers were not improperly styled
+"Southern Sketches." Yet other latitudes in America are not wholly
+unknown to me. Month after month have I gazed on the white monotony of
+unthawing snow. No one could admire more than I the chaste beauty of the
+feathery flakes, or the gorgeous sparkle of trees bereft of leaves and
+covered with crystals that flashed every hue of the rainbow. But even in
+this bright September day, with the mercury among the eighties, I get
+chilled through and through, and shake with the "shivers" when I imagine
+myself once more among the hard frosts of New Hampshire. Unlike the
+brave soldier of Christ whom I am about to introduce to the readers of
+the "Irish Monthly," and who found the heat of a short Northern summer
+simply "intolerable," the tropics and their environs rather allure me.
+True, soldiers and old residents speak of places between which and the
+lower regions there is but a sheet of non-combustible tissue paper.
+Nevertheless, the writer who has lived in both places would rather, as a
+matter of choice, summer in the Tropics than winter in New Hampshire.
+
+Though this State, in which my hero passed the greater part of his holy
+life, be the Switzerland of America, a grandly beautiful section, full
+of picturesque rivers, tall mountains, and dreamy-looking lakes,
+attracting more tourists than any other place in America save Niagara,
+yet I will pass over its stern and rugged scenery to write of a man
+whose titles to our admiration are wholly of the supernatural order.
+
+To me, the finest landscape is but a painted picture unless a human
+being enliven it. Just one fisherwoman on a sandy beach, or a lone
+shepherd on a bleak hill-side, and fancy can weave a drama of hope and
+love and beauty about either. Faith tells of a beautiful immortal soul
+imprisoned in forms gaunt and shrunken; a prayer that we may meet again
+in heaven surges up in my heart. The landscape is made alive for me in
+the twinkling of an eye, and stretches from this lower world to the
+better and brighter land above. Father MacDonald was for forty-one years
+the light of a manufacturing town. And when I think of its looms and
+spindles and fire-engines, and forests of tall, red chimneys, and tens
+of thousands of operatives, Father MacDonald is the figure which
+illumines for me the weird and grimy spectacle, and casts over it a halo
+of the supernatural. Little cared he for the sparkling rivers, or
+bewitching lakes, or romantic mountains of the Granite State; his whole
+interest was centred in souls.
+
+Some fifty years ago, Irish immigrants began to come timidly, and in
+small numbers, to the little manufacturing town of Manchester which
+rises on both sides of the laughing waters of the Merrimac. Here, in the
+heart of New Hampshire, one of the original thirteen States, and a
+stronghold of everything non-Catholic, these poor but industrious aliens
+knocked at the gates of the Puritan[6] for work. Strong and willing arms
+were wanted; and Bishop Fitzpatrick, of Boston, learning that some
+hundreds of Catholics working in the Manchester factories were sighing
+for the ministrations of a parish, sent Father MacDonald, in July, 1844,
+to take charge of their spiritual interests.
+
+William MacDonald was born in the county Leitrim, in 1813, being the
+youngest of a family of six sons and one daughter, whose parents were
+John MacDonald and Winifred Reynolds. The now aged daughter is the sole
+survivor of this large family. They were very strictly brought up by
+their virtuous, pious parents, and through long and chequered lines,
+were upright, honorable citizens, and thoroughly practical Catholics.
+Years ago, the writer was told that no descendant of Mr. and Mrs.
+MacDonald had ever seen the inside of a non-Catholic school. Charles and
+William became priests, the former emigrating when quite young. William
+attended the school of his native parish, where he received a solid
+rudimentary education, after which he pursued his classical studies in
+Dublin. In 1833, he joined his brother Charles, who was pastor of a
+church at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Father Charles died in
+his prime, with a high reputation for sanctity. William always carried
+about him a little Latin Imitation of Christ, which had also been the
+_vade mecum_ of his beloved brother. The spiritual life of both was
+formed in that wonderful book, and Father William was wont to prescribe
+a suitable chapter in the same for every mental trouble, difficulty, or
+temptation referred to him.
+
+Father MacDonald's education was finished in the College of Three
+Rivers, Canada, under the Sulpician Fathers. After his ordination he
+exercised the ministry in several places till sent by the Bishop of
+Boston to Manchester. Here he found his co-religionists and countrymen
+regarded as Helots, and far more despised by Yankee and Puritan than the
+slaves in the South by their rulers. The Irish were denied the privilege
+of sidewalks, and obliged, in order to avoid perpetual quarrels, to walk
+in the middle of the streets. Wherever they appeared, they were hissed
+and hooted, and "blood-hounds of hell" was the affectionate epithet the
+ubiquitous small boy bestowed on them. Previous to Father MacDonald's
+arrival, Father Daly, whose parish included nearly all New Hampshire and
+Vermont, used to say Mass in Manchester with unfailing regularity every
+three months. On one of these occasions, the floor of the temporary
+chapel gave way, and priest, altar, and congregation, were precipitated
+into the cellar. Providentially, beyond a few bruises and abrasions, no
+one was injured. The previous day, the bigots having heard that Mass was
+to be said in the room, had cut the supports from under the floor.
+
+To these people, a priest was an object of hatred and scorn, whom they
+believed it would be a good work to kill, and Father MacDonald settled
+among them at the risk of his life. But when duty was in question, he
+knew not fear. _The servant is not greater than his master_, he would
+say: _If they have persecuted me they will persecute you also_. It was
+in vain they used every means their perverse ingenuity suggested to
+intimidate this dangerous papist. They even began to like him. Slowly
+but surely, he won his way among them, and within a year of his arrival
+he was able to hire the Granite Hall as a temporary chapel. In 1849, he
+built a church on a square purchased with his own patrimony, at the
+corner of Union and Merrimac Streets.
+
+Besides the theological virtues which the "natives" valued not, Father
+MacDonald possessed all the natural virtues which they pretend to
+canonize. He was most frugal. To great objects he would give royally,
+but it was doubtful if he ever wasted a dollar. He sought to live on as
+little as possible, but it was that he might have more for the needy. He
+was industrious; not a moment of his day was lost. For many years, he
+was one of the only two priests in the State; but when his parochial
+duties left him a little leisure, he was seen to handle the trowel and
+use the broom. He paid cash for everything he bought, and whoever worked
+for him received full pay on the day and hour agreed upon: no cutting
+down of rates. If they wished to give to the church, very well; but they
+must take their pay from him to the last farthing. He was neatness
+personified. The fresh complexion and fine physique common among his
+countrymen he did not possess. Barely reaching middle height, his spare
+form, sharp features, sallow complexion, and keen, spectacled eyes, made
+him look like a son of the soil. As for energy, no Yankee ever had more,
+or perhaps so much. Non-Catholics knew that his power over his flock was
+absolute. But they admitted that his wish, his word, and his work, were
+always on the side of order, sobriety, frugality, and good citizenship.
+
+When Father MacDonald's beautiful church was finished, the
+Know-Nothings, or Native American Party, by way of celebrating in a
+fitting manner the independence of the United States, burst upon the
+defenceless Catholics, July 4, tore down their houses, destroyed their
+furniture, dragged their sick out of bed into the streets, and finally
+riddled the beautiful stained glass windows of the church. For these
+damages no compensation was ever made. An Irishman having some dispute
+with a native, the latter seized a monkey-wrench that was near, and
+killed him. Father MacDonald asked for justice, but the officials
+refused to arrest the murderer. Through his wise counsels, the
+Catholics, though boiling with indignation, did not retaliate, and, as
+it takes two parties to make a fight, the Know-Nothing excitement having
+spent itself, soon subsided. But for years, the Irishmen of Manchester
+and their brave pastor had to take turns at night to guard the church
+buildings from sacrilegious hands.
+
+So far from being frightened at the lawlessness of the mob, Father
+MacDonald, at the height of the excitement, announced a daring project.
+He would bring nuns to Manchester, and he called a meeting of his
+parishioners to devise ways and means. But, for the first and last time,
+they strenuously opposed him. "It would be madness. They had frequently
+heard their employers say they would never allow a nunnery in the city."
+He soon saw that if he waited for encouragement from any quarter his
+object would never be accomplished. He built his convent. It was set on
+fire when completed, but he was not to be baffled. He repaired the
+damages. Though he declined some compensation offered on this occasion,
+he was not slow to express his opinion as to the effect such evidences
+of New England culture might have on his beloved and most generous
+flock. He invited Sisters of Mercy from Providence, R.I., and had the
+pleasure of welcoming them, July 16, 1858.
+
+He received them in his own house, which they mistook for their convent.
+Great was their surprise when they heard that the handsome pillared
+edifice in the next square was theirs. "I will conduct you thither,"
+said he; "but first we will visit our Lord in the church." The Rev.
+Mother, M. Frances Warde, and the Sisters, admired the exquisite church,
+and the extreme neatness and beauty of the altar. "No hand," said he,
+"but mine has ever touched that altar. No secular has ever been admitted
+within the sanctuary rails even to sweep. I myself sweep the sanctuary,
+and attend to the cleanliness of everything that approaches the Blessed
+Sacrament. But my work as sole priest here is now so arduous, that I
+will resign this sweet and sacred duty to you."
+
+Schools were immediately opened for boys, girls, adults. Night schools
+and an academy for the higher studies followed. On account of the
+superior instruction given in this institution, it has always been well
+patronized by the best Protestant families in New Hampshire. Indeed, the
+success of the Sisters of Mercy in this stronghold of Puritanism has
+been phenomenal. During Father MacDonald's incumbency, Catholics
+increased from a few despised aliens to more than half the population of
+Manchester. He was never obliged to ask them for money; they gave him
+all he needed. He never failed to meet his engagements; and in one way
+or another every coin he handled went to God's church or God's poor. He
+laid up nothing for himself. He had the most exalted ideas of the
+priesthood, and he carried them out to the letter in his daily life.
+Thousands of young men have been enrolled in his sodalities. As an
+example to them, he totally abstained from tobacco and from intoxicating
+drink. St. John's Total Abstinence Society was the pride of his heart.
+One of his "Sodality Boys," Right Rev. Denis Bradley, became first
+bishop of Manchester, and many have become zealous priests. From the
+girls' schools and the sodalities, too, many religious vocations have
+sprung, and the number of converts under instruction is always very
+large. This worthy priest brought free Catholic education within the
+reach of every Catholic in his adopted city. As soon as he finished one
+good work he began another, and splendid churches, convents, schools,
+orphanage, hospital, home for old ladies, etc., remain as monuments of
+his zeal. These institutions are not excelled in the country. They are
+all administered by the Sisters of Mercy, to whom he was a most generous
+benefactor.
+
+During the forty-one years of Father MacDonald's life in Manchester, he
+never took a vacation but one, which his bishop compelled him to take.
+He was so methodical in the distribution of his time that it was said he
+did the work of six priests, and did it well. He knew every member of
+his flock, and was to all friend and father as well as priest, their
+refuge in every emergency. Every day he studied some point of theology,
+visited his schools and other institutions, and went the rounds of his
+sick and poor. Every home had its allotted duty, and grave, indeed,
+should be the reasons that could induce him to deviate one iota from his
+ordinary routine. His charities were unbounded, yet given with
+discrimination, nor did his left hand know what his right hand gave.
+With the sick and the aged, he was like a woman, or a mother. He would
+make their fires, warm drinks for them, see that they had sufficient
+covering. Though they all doated on "Father Mac," they must not thank
+him, or even pretend they saw what he was doing for them, so well did
+they know that he worked solely _for Him who seeth in secret_. Monday,
+August 24, 1885, this holy man was stricken with paralysis of the brain,
+and died two days later, while the bishop and the Sisters of Mercy were
+praying for his soul. It is almost certain that he had some presentiment
+of his death, as he selected the Gregorian Requiem Mass for his
+obsequies, and asked the choir to practise it. August 28, his sacred
+remains were committed to the earth, the funeral sermon being preached
+by the bishop, who had been as a son to the venerable patriarch. In
+real, personal holiness, Father MacDonald possessed the only power that
+makes the knee bend. Over twenty years ago, his sexton said to the
+writer: "I never opened the church in the morning that I did not find
+Father MacDonald kneeling before the Blessed Sacrament." What time he
+entered it, no one knew. How edifying this must have been to the poor
+factory hands, who were wont to beg God's blessing on their daily labor,
+in the short, scorching summer, and the bitter cold of the long winter,
+for at that time the church was not heated. Never did these children of
+toil miss that bent and venerable form, absorbed in prayer before the
+hidden Jesus, of whose august presence he had such a vivid realization.
+
+Before such a life of toil and prayer, no bigotry could stand. By sheer
+force of virtue alone, this holy man wrought a complete change in the
+sentiments of his adversaries. Hence the extraordinary respect shown to
+his memory. The non-Catholic press says that no man ever exercised so
+much influence in Manchester for forty years as Father MacDonald, and
+that he was the man whom Manchester could least afford to lose. The
+mayor and the city government attended his obsequies in a body, and the
+governor of New Hampshire wrote to express his regret that absence
+hindered his paying the last tribute of respect to a priest he so highly
+revered. Business was suspended and all the factories closed, that the
+whole city might follow his remains to the tomb. On Sunday, August 30,
+the non-Catholic pulpits of the thrifty city resounded with the praises
+of this humble priest, whose chief characteristics were stainless
+integrity, an entire absence of human respect, burning zeal for God's
+glory, and life-long efforts to promote it. He feared no man and sought
+the favor of none, and his noble independence of character won him the
+admiration of all who had the privilege of knowing him. His death was
+universally deplored as the greatest calamity that ever befell
+Manchester. Among the Protestant ministers who eulogized him in their
+sermons, August 30, was Rev. Dr. Spalding, who thanked God for raising
+up a man whose life was remarkable "for its large consecration to Church
+and people, for its high earnestness, its sacrifices and unselfishness,
+its purity and truthfulness. God grant unto us all," he continued, "a
+desire to imitate this life in its devotion to others, and its trust in
+Him."
+
+As a preacher, Father MacDonald was rather solid than brilliant. In
+manner, he was somewhat blunt. He conversed pleasantly and sensibly; but
+people given to gossip or foolish talk soon learned to steer clear of
+him. Hospitality was with him a Christian duty. If he heard that some
+ecclesiastic was at the hotel--and he heard everything--he would at once
+go for him, and place his own neat, comfortable house at his disposal.
+"Many a time," he would say, "has a young priest acquired a taste for
+card-playing by spending but one night in a hotel." So fearful was he of
+the least thing that might disedify the weaklings of his flock, that,
+when the writer knew him, he was accustomed to send to Boston for altar
+wine. "If I buy it here," he said, "some poor fellows will think I don't
+practise what I preach. They will want stimulants as well as I. Even the
+people who sell will never think of altar wine." Father MacDonald had a
+great love for the South. Its material advancement gave him pleasure,
+but his chief interest lay in its spiritual progress. Six years ago, the
+writer met him after an interval of sixteen years. After the usual
+greetings, he began to question: "Now, tell me, how is religion in New
+Orleans? Are the priests zealous? Have you a live bishop? Are the public
+institutions well attended by priests and religious? But, above and
+before all else, are your Catholic children all in Catholic schools? And
+have you superior schools, so that children will have no excuse for
+going to the godless schools? How are the Masses attended? Are the
+people well instructed? Do many lead lives of piety?" He was then in his
+sixty-seventh year, rather broken from incessant labors, but as active
+as ever. His hair had changed from black to white since last we met.
+When I gave some edifying details, he would say: "God be praised. I am
+so glad of what you tell me. Thanks be to God." And he called the
+attention of a young priest at the other end of the room: "Listen! Hear
+what they are doing in the South for the school-children, and the waifs
+and street arabs. And all that is done for the sick and the prisoners.
+Oh, blessed be God! How happy all this makes me."
+
+I felt as though I were listening to St. Alfonso, so irresistably did
+this remind me of him. I was no longer among the crisp snows of New
+Hampshire, that had crackled beneath my feet that morning. Fancy had
+transported me to the genial clime of Naples. I stood by the bed-ridden
+Bishop of St. Agatha, in the old Redemptorist's Convent at Pagani, and
+listened to the touching dialogue between Mauro, the royal architect,
+and the saint: "And the churches in the city of Naples, are they much
+frequented?"--"Oh, yes, Monsignor, and you cannot imagine the good that
+results from this. All classes, especially the working people, crowd
+them, and we have saints even among the coachmen." At these words the
+saint rose from his recumbent position, and cried out in tones of joy
+and triumph: "Saintly coachmen at Naples! Gloria Patri." He could not
+sleep for joy at this intelligence, but during the night would
+frequently call for his attendant: "You heard what Don Mauro said?
+Saints among the coachmen at Naples! What do you think of that?"
+Associated in our mind with the great St. Alfonso, we keep this holy
+priest, whom Bishop Bradley so justly styled, "The pioneer of Catholic
+education in New England." His flock universally regarded him as a
+saint, and a great saint. And, in all humility, and in perfect
+submission to the decrees of Holy Church, the writer is able to say, of
+her own knowledge and observation, that this humble, hard-working,
+mortified Irish priest, William MacDonald, practised in a high, a very
+high, degree, every virtue which we venerate in the saints of God. I
+never met a holier soul. I could not imagine him guilty of the smallest,
+wilful fault. I feel more inclined to pray to him than for him; it seems
+incredible that he should have anything to expiate in purgatory. May his
+successors walk in his footsteps, and his children never forget the
+lessons he taught them more by example than by word. May our friendship,
+a great grace to me, be renewed _in requie aeterna et in luce perpetua_.
+Amen.
+
+                                      _Dublin Irish Monthly._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 6: The Irish Catholic names, Sullivan and Carroll, are stamped
+on two of the ten counties of New Hamshire, in memory of Revolutionary
+heroes.]
+
+
+The Avaricious Man can not enjoy riches, but is tormented by anxiety or
+sickness. Others are worn out by the jealousy or envy which consume
+them. Others, again, wrapped in their pride, are being continually
+galled by the supposed indignities offered to them, and there is no
+sharper crown of thorns than that worn by the proud man. There is one
+sin which seems to be rampant in our day, and that is scepticism, or
+doubting God and revelation; and this also brings its own punishment in
+the present. On the other hand, to those who are tempted, suffering, or
+afflicted, Jesus Christ promised, "Be thou faithful unto death and I
+will give thee the crown of life."
+
+
+
+
+Gerald Griffin.
+
+
+   Leal heart, and brave right hand that never drew
+     One false note from thy harp, although the ache
+     Of weariness and hope deferred might shake
+   Harsh discords from a soul less clear and true
+     Than thine amid the gloom that knew no break--
+   The London gloom that barred the heaven's blue
+     From thy deep Celtic eyes, so wide to take
+   The bliss of earth and sky within their view!
+     On fleet, white wings thy music made its way
+   Back o'er the waves to Ireland's holy shore;
+     Close nestled in her bosom, each wild lay
+   Mixed with her sighs--'twas from her deep heart's core
+     She called thee: "'Gille Machree'[7] come home, I pray--
+   In my green lap of shamrocks sleep, asthore!"
+
+                          ROSE KAVANAGH, in _Irish Monthly_.
+
+
+
+
+Mary E. Blake.
+
+
+Two years ago we concluded a slight notice of the poems of "Thomasine"
+(known in Ireland as Miss Olivia Knight, and in Australia as Mrs. Hope
+Connolly), with the following words: "A writer in the _Irish Fireside_
+said lately that Eva and Speranza had no successors. We could name, if
+we dared, three or four daughters of Erin whom we believe to be singing
+now from a truer and deeper inspiration and with a purer utterance."
+Happily, since these words were printed, two of these unnamed rivals
+whom we set up against the gifted wife of the new M. P. elect for Meath,
+and against the more gifted widow of Sir William Wilde, have placed
+their names on the title pages of collections of their poems. We allude,
+of course, to Katharine Tynan and Rosa Mulholland. Not only these whose
+place in literature is already secured, but higher than some to whom the
+enthusiasm of a political crisis gave prominence, we should be inclined
+to rank such Irish songstresses as the late Attie O'Brien and the living
+but too silent "Alice Esmonde." And then of Irishwomen living outside
+Ireland we have Fanny Parnell, Fanny Forrester, Eleanor C. Donnelly, and
+the lady whom we claim as our own in the title of this paper--Mrs. Mary
+E. Blake. Though the wife of a physician at Boston, she was born at
+Clonmel, and bore the more exclusively Celtic name of Magrath.[8]
+
+Boston claims, or used to claim, to be the literary metropolis of the
+United States. A prose volume by Mrs. Blake and a volume of her poems
+lie before us, and for elegance of typography do credit to their Boston
+publishers. "On the Wing"--lively sketches of a trip to the Pacific, all
+about San Francisco and the Yosemite Valley, and Los Angeles, and
+Colorado, but ending with this affectionate description of Boston
+aforesaid:
+
+     And now, as the evening sun drops lower, what fair city is this
+     that rises in the east, throned like a queen above the silver
+     Charles, many-towered and pinnacled, with clustering roof and taper
+     spire? How proud she looks, yet modest, as one too sure of her
+     innate nobility to need adventitious aid to impress others. Look at
+     the aesthetic simplicity of her pose on the single hill, which is
+     all the mistaken kindness of her children has left of the three
+     mountains which were her birthright. Behold the stately avenues
+     that stretch by bridge and road, radiating her lavish favors in
+     every direction; look at the spreading suburbs that crowd beyond
+     her gates, more beautiful than the parks and pleasure grounds of
+     her less favored sisters. See where she sits, small but precious,
+     her pretty feet in the blue waters that love to dally about them;
+     her pretty head, in its brave gilt cap, as near the clouds as she
+     could manage to get it: her arms full of whatever is rarest and
+     dearest and best. For doesn't she hold the "Autocrat of the
+     Breakfast Table" and Bunker Hill, Faneuil Hall, and Harvard
+     College? Do not the fiery eloquence of Phillips, the songs of
+     Longfellow, the philosophy of Fisk, the glory of the Great Organ,
+     and the native lair of culture, belong to her? Ah! why should we
+     not "tell truth and shame the devil"--doesn't she bring us to the
+     babies and the family doctor?
+
+But it is not as a writer of prose that Mrs. Blake has secured a niche
+in our gallery of literary portraits. Indeed, without knowing it, we
+have already introduced her poetry to our readers: for we are pleased to
+find in her volume of collected poems an anonymous piece which we had
+gathered as one of our "Flowers for a Child's Grave," from a number of
+_The Boston Pilot_ as far back as 1870. We should reprint page 171 of
+this volume if it were not already found in our eighth volume (1880) at
+page 608. The division of Mrs. Blake's poems to which it belongs
+contains, we think, her best work. Her muse never sings more sweetly
+than in giving expression to the joy and grief of a mother's heart. The
+verses just referred to were the utterances of maternal grief: a
+mother's joy breaks out into these pleasant and musical stanzas:--
+
+
+   My little man is merry and wise,
+     Gay as a cricket and blithe as a bird;
+   Often he laughs and seldom he cries,
+     Chatters and coos at my lightest word:
+       Peeping and creeping and opening the door,
+       Clattering, pattering over the floor,
+       In and out, round about, fast as he can,--
+       So goes the daytime with my little man.
+
+   My little man is brimful of fun,
+     Always in mischief and sometimes in grief;
+   Thimble and scissors he hides one by one,
+     Till nothing is left but to catch the thief;
+       Sunny hair, golden fair over his brow--
+       Eyes so deep, lost in sleep, look at him now;
+       Baby feet, dimpled sweet, tired as they ran,
+       So goes the night-time with my little man.
+
+   My little man, with cherry-ripe face,
+     Pouting red lips and dimpled chin,
+   Fashioned in babyhood's exquisite grace,
+     Beauty without and beauty within,--
+       Full of light, golden bright, life as it seems,
+       Not a tear, not a fear, known in thy dreams;
+       Kisses and blisses now make up its span,
+       Could it be always so, my little man?
+
+   My little man the years fly away,
+     Chances and changes may come to us all,--
+   I'll look for the babe at my side some day,
+     And find him above me, six feet tall;
+       Flowing beard hiding the dimples I love,
+       Grizzled locks shading the clear brow above,
+       Youth's promise ripened on Nature's broad plan,
+       And nothing more left me of my little man.
+
+   My little man,--when time shall bow,
+     With its hoary weight, my head and thine,--
+   Will you love me then as you love me now,
+     With sweet eyes looking so fond in mine?
+       However strangely my lot may be cast,
+       My hope in life's future, my joy in life's past,
+       Loyal and true as your loving heart can,
+       Say, will you always be my little man?
+
+   My little man! perchance the bloom
+     Of the hidden years, as they come and pass,
+   May leave me alone, with a wee, wee tomb
+     Hidden away in the tangled grass.
+       Still as on earth, so in heaven above,
+       Near to me, dear to me, claiming my love,
+       Safe in God's sunshine, and filling his plan,
+       Still be _forever_ my own little man.
+
+Perhaps our Irish poetess in exile--Boston does not consider itself a
+place of exile--would prefer to be represented by one of her more
+serious poems; and probably she had good reasons for placing first in
+her volume the following which is called "The Master's Hand."
+
+           The scroll was old and gray;
+   The dust of time had gathered white and chill
+   Above the touches of the worker's skill,
+           And hid their charm away.
+
+           The many passed it by;
+   For no sweet curve of dainty face or form,
+   No gleam of light, or flash of color warm,
+           Held back the careless eye.
+
+           But when the artist came,
+   With eye that saw beyond the charm of sense,
+   He seemed to catch a sense of power intense
+           That filled the dusky frame.
+
+           And when with jealous care
+   His hand had cleansed the canvas, line by line,
+   Behold! The fire of perfect art divine,
+           Had burned its impress there!
+
+           Upon the tablet glowed,
+   Made priceless by the arch of time they spanned,
+   The touches of the rare Old Master's hand,
+           The life his skill bestowed.
+
+          *       *       *       *       *
+
+           O God whom we adore!
+   Give us the watchful sight, to see and trace,
+   Thy living semblance in each human face
+           However clouded o'er.
+
+           Give us the power to find,
+   However warped and grimmed by time and sin,
+   Thine impress stamped upon the soul within,
+           Thy signet on the mind.
+
+           Not ours the reckless speed
+   To proudly pass our brother's weakness by,
+   And turning from his side with careless eye,
+           To take no further heed.
+
+           But, studying line by line,
+   Grant to our hearts deep trust and patient skill,
+   To trace within his soul and spirit still,
+          Thy Master Hand divine!
+
+Mrs. Blake in one point does not resemble the two Irish woman-poets--for
+they are more than poetesses--whom we named together at the beginning of
+this little paper. Ireland and the Blessed Virgin have not in this
+Boston book the prominence which Miss Mulholland gives them in the
+volume which is just issuing from Paternoster Square. The Irish-American
+lady made her selection with a view to the tastes of the general public;
+but the general public are sure to be won by earnest and truthful
+feeling, and an Irish and Catholic heart cannot be truthful and earnest
+without betraying its devotion to the Madonna and Erin.
+
+        _Irish Monthly_, edited by REV. MATHEW RUSSELL, S.J.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 7: _Gille Machree_, "brightener of my heart;" the name of one
+of Gerald Griffin's sweetest songs.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Amongst American women we cannot claim Nora Perry, in spite
+of her Christian name; but the father of Miss Louise Guiney was an
+Irishman. Both of these show a fresh and bright talent, which lifts them
+far above feminine verse-writers.]
+
+
+
+
+George Washington.
+
+HIS CELEBRATED WHITE MULE, AND THE RACE IT MADE AWAY FROM A DEER RIFLE.
+
+
+Washington has generally been credited with the introduction in America
+of mules as a valuable adjunct to plantation appurtenances; but very few
+people know that one of his favorite riding animals was a white mule,
+which was kept carefully stabled and groomed along with his blooded
+horses at Mount Vernon. In the year 1797, there was published at
+Alexandria for a brief period, a weekly paper called _Hopkin's Gazette_.
+A few numbers of this sheet are still extant. In one of them there is an
+account of an exciting adventure, in which Washington, the white mule,
+and one Jared Dixon figured. It is evident that the editor of this paper
+did not have an exalted opinion of the great patriot, as he speaks of
+him as "a man who has the conceit of believing that there would not be
+any such country as America if there had not been a George Washington to
+prevent its annihilation." From this account it appears that Jared Dixon
+was a Welshman, who lived on a hundred-acre tract of land adjoining the
+Mount Vernon plantation. Washington always claimed that the tract
+belonged to him, and made several efforts to dispossess Dixon, but
+without success. According to the _Gazette_, Washington's overseer had,
+on one occasion, torn down the Dixon fence and let the cattle into the
+field, and various similar annoyances were resorted to in order to force
+Dixon to move away. But Dixon would neither surrender nor compromise,
+and kept on cultivating his little farm in defiance of the man who had
+been first in war and was now first in peace.
+
+"It was last Thursday about the hour of noon," says the _Gazette_, "when
+General Washington rode up to Mr. Dixon's gate. He was mounted on his
+white mule, which had come down the broad road on his famous fox-trot of
+eight miles an hour. There was fire in the General's eye and his under
+lip protruded far, betokening war. His riding-boots shone in the sun, as
+did his gold spurs. His hair was tied with a gorgeous black ribbon, and
+his face was pale with resolution. Mr. Dixon and his family were
+adjusting themselves for dinner, when they heard the call at the gate.
+There was a most animated conversation between these two neighbors, in
+which the General informed the humble settler that he must receive a
+certain sum for his disputed title or submit to be dispossessed.
+Whereupon Mr. Dixon, who was also a Revolutionary soldier, and felt that
+he has some rights in this country, informed the lordly neighbor that
+the land was his own, that he had paid for it and built houses thereon,
+the children were born to him on it, and that he would defend it with
+his life. Continuing, he charged the general with inciting his employes
+to depredate on the fences and fields. It was natural that this should
+arouse the mettle of the modern Mars. He flew into a towering rage, and
+applied many epithets to Mr. Dixon that are not warranted by the Ten
+Commandments. He even went so far as to raise his riding-whip and to
+threaten personal violence. Mr. Dixon is a man of few words, but a high
+temper, and, not caring to have his home and family thus offended, he
+gave the general one minute to move away while he rushed into his house
+for his deer rifle. There are none who doubt the valor of the general;
+but there may be a few who do not credit him with that discretion which
+is so valuable a part of valor. Suffice it for the ends of this
+chronicle to say that it required only a few moments for him to turn the
+gray mule's head towards Mount Vernon, and, in less time than it takes
+to here relate, the noble animal was distancing the Dixon homestead with
+gallant speed. It was no fox-trot, nor yet so fast as the Derby record,
+but most excellent for a mule. At any rate, it was a noble race, which
+saved a settler's shot and a patriot's bacon, and averted a possible
+catastrophe that might have cast a gloom on American history."
+
+If this narrative is strictly accurate, Washington might have replied to
+his refractory neighbor, on being warned away, in the language of the
+Nevada desperado who was put on a mule by a committee of vigilants and
+given ten minutes to get out of town; "Gentlemen," said the desperado,
+"if this mule don't balk, I don't want but five."
+
+
+Washington's Mother.
+
+Mrs. Washington found little difficulty in bringing up her children.
+They were disciplined to obedience, and a simple word was her command.
+She was not given to any display of petulance or rage, but was steady,
+well-balanced, and unvarying in her mood. That she was dignified, even
+to stateliness, is shown us by the statement made by Lawrence
+Washington, of Chotauk, a relative and playmate of George in boyhood,
+who was often a guest at her house. He says--"I was often there with
+George--his playmate, schoolmate, and young man's companion. Of the
+mother I was ten times more afraid than I ever was of my own parents.
+She awed me in the midst of her kindness, for she was indeed truly kind.
+I have often been present with her sons--proper tall fellows, too--and
+we were all as mute as mice; and even now, when time has whitened my
+locks, and I am the grandparent of a second generation, I could not
+behold that remarkable woman without feelings it is impossible to
+describe. Whoever has seen that awe-inspiring air and manner, so
+characteristic in the father of his country, will remember the matron as
+she appeared, when the presiding genius of her well-ordered household,
+commanding and being obeyed.
+
+
+
+
+A Child of Mary.
+
+
+An old general was once asked by a friend how it was that, after so many
+years spent in the camp, he had come to be so frequent a communicant,
+receiving several times a week. "My friend," answered the old soldier,
+"the strangest part of it is, that my change of life was brought about
+before I ever listened to the word of a priest, and before I had set my
+foot in a church. After my campaigns, God bestowed on me a pious wife,
+whose faith I respected, though I did not share it. Before I married her
+she was a member of all the pious confraternities of her parish, and she
+never failed to add to her signature, _Child of Mary_. She never took it
+upon herself to lecture me about God, but I could read her thoughts in
+her countenance. When she prayed, every morning and night, her
+countenance beamed with faith and charity; when she returned from the
+church, where she had received, with a calmness, a sweetness and a
+patience, which had in them something of the serenity of heaven, she
+seemed an angel. When she dressed my wounds I found her like a Sister of
+Charity.
+
+"Suddenly, I myself was taken with the desire to love the God whom my
+wife loved so well, and who inspired her with those virtues which formed
+the joy of my life. One day I, who hitherto was without faith, who was
+such a complete stranger to the practices of religion, so far from the
+Sacraments, said to her: 'Take me to your confessor.'
+
+"Through the ministry of this man of God, and by the divine grace, I
+have become what I am, and what I rejoice to be."
+
+
+
+
+Dead Man's Island.
+
+THE STORY OF AN IRISH COUNTRY TOWN.
+
+T. P. O'CONNOR, M. P.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+MAT BECOMES A FENIAN.
+
+
+Shortly before this, the Widow Cunningham had received the news that her
+poor boy had been killed in a colliery accident in Pennsylvania. This
+stopped the allowance which he used to send her out of his own scant
+wages.
+
+The destruction of her daughter now came as the last blow that broke her
+long-enduring spirit. There had been a time when she would have died
+rather than have gone into the workhouse, but she had nothing left to
+live for now, and she became a pauper. The Irish workhouse soon kills
+what little spirit successive misfortunes have left in its occupants
+before their entrance, and in a few years there was nothing left of the
+once proud, high-spirited and splendid woman, whom we knew in the early
+days of this history.
+
+Meantime, the fate of the girl had been the final influence in deciding
+the fate of another person. Mat Blake had fluctuated for a long time
+before he could make up his mind to join the revolutionary party; but on
+the very evening of the day on which he had seen Betty in the streets of
+Ballybay he made no further resistance, and that night was sworn in as a
+member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
+
+It is not my purpose in this story to enter at length into his
+adventures in his new and perilous enterprise. He had not been long in
+the ranks when he was recognized by Mr. James Stephens as one of the
+most promising members of the conspiracy, and he was chosen to do
+important and serious work. The funds of the organization were nearly
+always at the lowest ebb, and during this period of his life Mat had to
+pass through privations that could only be endured by a man of
+passionate purpose and unselfish aims. Many and many a time he had not
+the money wherewith to buy a railway ticket. His clothes were often
+ragged, and he frequently had to walk twenty miles in a day in shoes
+that were almost soleless. The arrangement usually was for the members
+of one circle to supply him with the money that would take him to the
+next town; and though he saw many instances of abject cowardice and
+hideous selfishness at this period--especially when the suspension of
+the _Habeas Corpus_ Act left the liberty, and to some extent, the life
+of every man at the disposal of the police. He also witnessed many
+proofs of heroic courage and noble devotion.
+
+At length the time came when everybody expected the blow to be struck at
+British tyranny, and the star of Irish liberty to arise. Mat, owing to
+his fiery and impatient temperament, naturally belonged to that section
+of the Fenian Brotherhood which demanded prompt action, and still in the
+age of illusions and of blinding rage, he would admit no difficulties,
+and feared no obstacles. Mat had sworn in hundreds of members. He had
+passed through the town of Ballybay on the memorable night when an Irish
+regiment, as it was leaving for other quarters, cheered through the town
+for the Irish Republic, and some of the men on whom he relied most
+strongly were in high authority in the police force. He knew nothing of
+the almost total want of arms, taking it for granted that all the wild
+boasts of the supplies from America and other sources were founded on
+facts. He was one of the deputation that finally waited upon the leaders
+in Dublin to hurry on the struggle.
+
+He went down to Ballybay on the night of the 17th of March, 18--, which
+had been fixed for the rising. The head centre of the province had
+arranged to meet the men there that night with arms. The Ballybay
+Barracks were to be surrendered to them through one of the sergeants who
+belonged to the Brotherhood; and it was hoped that by the evening of the
+next day, the green flag would float over the castle which for three
+centuries had been garrisoned by the soldiers of the enemy.
+
+Two hundred men met at the trysting place, close to the "Big Meadows."
+They were kept waiting for some time; impatience began to set in, and
+demoralization is the child of impatience. At last the head centre
+appeared; he had five guns for the whole party. Then the men saw that
+their hopes were betrayed. Most of them quietly dispersed towards their
+homes. That night Mat was seized in his bed, and within a few minutes
+afterwards was in goal. He felt that the game was up, that all his
+bright hopes, like those of many another noble Irish heart before him,
+had ended in farcical nothingness. Disaster followed upon disaster. When
+he made his appearance in court he saw upon the witness table one of his
+most trusted friends, who was about to give the evidence that would
+ensure his conviction.
+
+A final outrage was in store for him. The Government had resolved, when
+once it had entered upon the campaign against the conspiracy, to pursue
+it with vigor, and judges were selected who might be relied upon to show
+the accused no justice during the trial, and no mercy after the
+conviction. Crowe, who had been made a judge shortly after his last
+election for Ballybay, was naturally chosen as the chief and most useful
+actor in this drama. During all the years that had elapsed since his
+treason he had distinguished himself, even above all the other judges of
+the country, in the unscrupulous violence of his hostility to all
+popular movements. Trial before him came to be regarded as certainty of
+conviction. The fearlessness of the man made him inaccessible to the
+threats that were everywhere hurled against him, and his rage became the
+fiercer and his violence the more relentless on the day after he found a
+threatening letter under a plate on his own table. He brought to his
+task all the ferocity of the apostate. Under all his apparent
+independence, his quick vanity and his hot temper made him sensitive to
+attack, and the Fenian Press had made him the chief target of its most
+vehement and most constant invective.
+
+Mat Blake was known as one of the bitterest writers and speakers of the
+movement, and some of the writings in which he had attacked Crowe
+displayed a familiarity with the incidents of Ballybay elections which
+could only have come from the pen of one who had been intimately
+associated with those struggles.
+
+The two men now stood face to face--the one on the bench and the other
+in the dock. Crowe did not allow himself to betray any sign of previous
+acquaintance with the prisoner before him. The jury was selected; every
+man who might be supposed to have the least sympathy with National
+movements was rigorously excluded from the box, and Mat was tried by
+twelve men, of whom nine were Orangemen and the other three belonged to
+that Catholic-Whig _bourgeoisie_ against which he had always waged
+unsparing war. Anthony Cosgrave was the foreman. Mat was convicted, and
+sentenced to seven years' penal servitude.
+
+The sufferings he underwent during this period I will not attempt to
+describe. After a very short stay in Ireland he was transferred to
+Portland, and there the English warders exhausted upon him all the
+insolence and cruelty of ignorant and triumphant enemies. One suffering,
+however, was in his case somewhat mitigated. He had not a large
+appetite, and the prison food, though coarse, was sufficient for his
+wants. With the generosity which characterized him, he was even ready to
+divide his food with those whose appetites were more exacting. Among his
+companions were two men, tall, robust, red-haired, who belonged to a
+stock of Southern farmers, and who were possessed of the gigantic
+strength, the huge frame, and the sound digestion of Cork ploughmen.
+Every day these hapless creatures complained of hunger and of cold, and
+Mat and Charles Reilly, another member of the _Irish People_ staff,
+sometimes found a sombre pleasure in finding and gathering snails for
+them. Whenever either of them brought a snail to Meehan or to Sheil the
+famished men would swallow it eagerly, without even stopping to take off
+the shell. Meehan is now a prominent member of the Dynamite Party in New
+York. Sheil became insane shortly after his release, and threw himself
+into the Liffey.
+
+One day, after four years' imprisonment, the Governor called Mat into
+his room and told him that he was free. He was transferred to Milbank,
+then he was supplied with a suit of clothes several times too large for
+him, and he went out and by the Thames, and gazed on that noble stream
+with the eyes of a free man.
+
+He wandered aimlessly and listlessly along, unable yet to appreciate the
+full joy of his restoration to liberty. As he was passing over
+Westminster Bridge he was suddenly stopped by a man whom he had known in
+the ranks of the organization, and whom the fortune of war had not swept
+into gaol with the rest. The stranger looked at Mat for a few moments;
+gazed on the hollow eyes, the pale cheeks, and the worn frame, and,
+unable to restrain his emotions, burst into tears. This was the first
+indication Mat received of the terrible change that imprisonment had
+wrought in his appearance. The next day he set out for Ballybay.
+
+Meanwhile, vast changes seemed about to come over Ireland. The Fenian
+conspiracy had been the death-knell of the triumphant cynicism and
+corruption that had reigned over the country in the years succeeding the
+treason of Crowe. The name of Mr. Butt, as the leader of a new movement,
+was beginning to be spoken of. An agitation had been started which
+demanded a radical settlement of the land question. Demonstrations were
+taking place in almost every county, and the people were united,
+enthusiastic, and hopeful. Several of the worst of the landlords had
+already been brought to their knees, and there had been a considerable
+fall in the value of landed property. The serfs were passing from the
+extremity of despair and demoralization into the other extreme of
+exultant and sometimes cruel triumph.
+
+Even the town of Ballybay was beginning to be stirred, and the farmers
+all around joined the new organization in large numbers.
+
+By a curious coincidence a monster demonstration was announced in
+Ballybay for the very day of Mat's arrival.
+
+As Mat passed along the too well remembered scene between Ballybay and
+Dublin, he could not help thinking of the time when he had gone over
+this road on his first visit to Ireland after his departure for England.
+He had then thought that desolation had reached its ultimate point; but
+in the intervening period the signs of decay had increased. It appeared
+as if for every ruin that had stared him in the face on the former
+occasion ten now appeared. For miles and miles he caught sight of not
+one house, of no human face; he seemed almost to be travelling through a
+city of the dead.
+
+As the newspaper containing tidings of the new movement lay before him,
+he leaned back in reflection, and once more thought of the days in which
+Crowe figured as the saviour, and then as the betrayer of Ireland. It
+had been a rigid article of faith with the Fenian organization that no
+confidence was to be placed in constitutional agitations and agitators.
+Mat retained in their full fervor the doctrines he had held for years
+upon this point; and he turned away from the accounts of the new
+movement as from another chapter in national folly and prospective
+treason. Looking out on the familiar grey and dull sky, he could see no
+hope whatever for the future of his country. Irish life appeared to him
+one vast mistake; and so far as he had any plans for the future they
+were of a life removed from the chaos and fret and toil and moil and
+disappointments and humbug of politics. He thought of returning once
+more to his profession; but he resolved that it would be neither amid
+the incessant decay of Ireland, nor surrounded by hostile faces and
+unsympathetic hearts in England. His thoughts were of the mighty country
+which had extended its hospitality and generosity to so many of his
+race, and had bestowed upon them liberty, prosperity, and eminence. In
+all these visions one figure, one sweet face mingled itself. With Mary
+Flaherty by his side he felt that no career could be wholly dark, no
+part of the world wholly foreign, and as he once more indulged in waking
+dreams he hummed to himself the well-known air,--
+
+   "Though the last glimpse of Erin with sorrow I see,
+   Still wherever thou art shall seem Erin to me."
+
+At last he was at the railway, and there were his poor old father and
+his mother standing before him, their hair bleached to whiteness,
+trembling, feeble, with tears rolling down their cheeks. Mat was in his
+mother's arms in a moment.
+
+Ballybay, even on this occasion, was true to itself. The arrival of Mat
+in Dublin had been announced in the newspapers, and the heart of the
+people throughout the country went forth to him, as it always does to
+those whose generous rashness has been punished by England's worst
+tyranny. He had been accompanied to the railway station at the
+Broadstone by a crowd; thousands cheered him, and shook him by the hand,
+and wept and laughed. The word had mysteriously gone along the line that
+the patriot was returning, and at every one of the stations, however
+small, there was a multitude to greet him warmly.
+
+But at Ballybay, still deep down in the slough of its eternal despond, a
+few lorn and desolate-looking men stood on the platform. There they were
+once more, as if it were but yesterday, with their hands deep down in
+their pockets; the wistful, curious glance in their eyes, and the
+melancholy slouch in their shoulders. They tried to raise a cheer, but
+the attempt died in its own sickliness.
+
+And then Mat left the train, walked over the station as one in a dream,
+and was placed upon the sidecar almost without knowing what he was
+doing.
+
+There was a terrible dread at his heart; he asked his mother a question;
+she answered him; and then, and for the first time since he had left
+prison, his heart burst, his spirit broke, and he entered his father's
+house pallid, trembling, his eyes suffused with bitter tears.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+THE DEMONSTRATION.
+
+
+And thus it came to pass that the chief characters of this story found
+themselves in Ballybay again on its closing day, on exactly the same
+spot as they were on the day when it opened.
+
+The Land League demonstration was not prepared with any particular care
+or organization, the Irish people being still, even in the matter of
+political demonstration, in a state of childish immaturity. It turned
+out to be better so, for the spontaneous inventiveness of the moment
+suggested a programme far more dramatic and picturesque than could have
+occurred to the mind of the most ingenious political stage-manager. The
+platform had been erected on the spot where the cabin had stood which
+the son of the Gombeen man had overthrown so many years ago. The field
+now was laid in grass, which, before the demonstration waved long and
+green; but as the hours went on and the thousands of feet passed over
+it, the grass was all crushed and torn. There were half a dozen
+bands--two of them dressed in the showy uniform which descends from the
+pictures of Robert Emmet in the dock--and they played continuously and
+for the most part discordantly. There were also many banners, there was
+a long procession of men on horseback, and the heads of the horses were
+covered with green boughs. Green, indeed, was everywhere; there were
+green banners, green scarves, green neck-ties, and the greater part of
+the men displayed the green ticket of the Tenant League in their hats.
+The air of the crowd was in no way serious, the whole affair was rather
+like a _fete_ than a grave political demonstration. The multitudes, too,
+had the absence of self-control which characterizes popular
+demonstrations; their feelings seemed to express themselves without
+thought or premeditation, speech overflowed rather than fell from their
+lips. The result was that the cheering was continuous; now it was the
+arrival of a band; then the erect walk of a sturdy contingent from a
+distant point; sometimes it was simply the exchange of a look, that,
+though mute, spoke volumes, between the people in the procession and
+those on the sidepaths, that brought forth a wild cheer, in short the
+temper of the crowd was bright and electrical--the mood for unusual
+ideas and passionate scenes.
+
+The good humor was hearty rather than inventive or articulate, but one
+man had had the genius to invent a comic device. This was a very wild
+creature, half beggar, half laborer, the last of a rapidly dying class
+in Ireland. He had got hold of a wretched nag of whom the knacker had
+been defrauded for many years and seated on this in fantastic dress he
+cudgelled it unmercifully, amid screams of laughter, for around its neck
+was a placard with the words, "Dead Landlordism."
+
+About two o'clock, there was seen making a desperate attempt to
+penetrate through this teeming, densely-packed, and noisy multitude, a
+stout figure, with a face ugly, irregular, good-humored. He was dressed
+in a long and dull-colored and almost shabby ulster. His hat was as
+rough as if it had been brushed the wrong way, and he wore a suit of
+tweed that was now very old, but that even in its earliest days would
+have been scorned by the poorest shopman of the town with any
+pretensions to respectability, and the trousers were short and painfully
+bagged at the knees. But the divine light of genius shone from the brown
+eyes and the ample forehead. The enthusiasm of the multitude now knew no
+bounds. There was first a strange stillness, then, when the word seemed
+to have passed with a strange and lightning-like rapidity from mouth to
+mouth, there burst forth a great cheer, and it was known that Isaac Butt
+had come.
+
+But even the Irish leader was destined to play a subordinate part in the
+proceedings of this strange day. It was a local speaker that stirred the
+hearts of the people to the uttermost, for he told the story of the
+eviction of the Widow Cunningham, of the death of her husband, the exile
+of her son, the shame of her daughter.
+
+While he was speaking some one cried, "She'll have her own agin," and
+then a few of the young fellows disappeared from the platform. In the
+course of half-an-hour they returned. They ascended the platform, and
+after a while, and another pause, a strange and audible thrill passed
+through the multitude; and then there were passed in almost a hoarse
+whisper the words, "The Widow Cunningham." And she it was; acting on the
+hint of the speaker, she had been taken from the workhouse; and she was
+brought back to her old farm again and to the site of her shattered
+homestead and broken life. The multitude cheered themselves hoarse;
+hundreds rushed to the platform to seize her by the hand; a few women
+threw their arms around her neck, and wept and laughed. Finally, the
+enthusiasm could not be controlled, and, in spite of the entreaties of
+the political leaders and of the priests, a knot of young men caught the
+poor old creature up, and carried her around the field in triumph; the
+crowd everywhere swaying backwards and forwards, divided between the
+effort to make a way for the strange procession and the desire to catch
+sight of the old woman. Probably few of the people there could
+understand the strange effect which this sight had upon them; but their
+instincts guided them aright in the enthusiasm with which they hailed
+this visible token of a bad and terrible and irrevocable past.
+
+And how was it with the chief actor in the scene? Five years of life in
+a workhouse had left no trace of the handsome, long-haired, and
+passionate woman who had cursed the destroyer of her house and her
+children with wild vehemence, and had resisted the assault of the
+Crowbar Brigade with murderous energy. She was now simply a feeble old
+woman, with scanty grey hair; the light had died out of her eyes; and
+there was nothing left in them now but weariness and pain; her cheeks
+were sunk and were dreadfully discolored; in short, she was a poor,
+feeble, old woman, with broken spirits and dulled brain. The revenge for
+which she had longed and prayed had come at last; but it had come too
+late.
+
+She went through the whole scene with curious and unconscious gaze, as
+of one passing through a waking dream, and the only sign she gave of
+understanding anything that was going on was that she gave a weak and
+weary little smile when the people cried out to her enthusiastically,
+"Bravo, Widow Cunningham!"--a smile as spectral as the state of things
+of which she was the relic. She was very wearied and almost fainting
+when she was brought back to the platform; and then she said, in a voice
+that was a little louder than a whisper, and with a strange wistfulness
+in her eyes, "I'd like a cup of tay."
+
+But there was no tea to be had, and the thoughtless good-nature of the
+day helped to precipitate the tragedy which the equally thoughtless
+enthusiasm had begun. A dozen flasks were produced; a tumbler was taken
+from the table, and a large quantity of whiskey was poured down her
+throat. She became feeble, and the rays of intelligence almost
+disappeared from her face.
+
+At last, as the evening fell, the crowd dispersed; the old pauper was
+left by the men who had brought her to the platform, and there were but
+a couple of women more watchful than the rest to take care of her. They
+tried to bring her home, but she showed a strange kind of obstinacy, and
+refused for a long time to move. When she was got to make a stir she
+seemed most unwilling to go in the direction of the workhouse, she would
+give no reason--for indeed she seemed either unable or unwilling to
+speak at all, but with the silent obstinacy of an animal she tried to go
+in an opposite direction. At last the two women thought it wisest to
+humor her, and let her go where she wished. By this time night had
+completely fallen, and in going down a dark boreen she managed to escape
+from her companions altogether. They searched everywhere around, and at
+last frightened, they went home for their husbands. A party of five
+people--the husbands, the son of one of them, and the two women came
+along the boreen, guided by the dim light of the farthing dip which is
+the only light the Irish farmer has yet been able to use. After a long
+search they came to a spot well known to all of them, and then the truth
+burst suddenly upon them. One of the women had been at the funeral of
+the Widow Cunningham's husband when she was a little girl, and
+remembered the spot where he was buried. They all followed her there in
+a strange anxiety, and their anticipations proved right. On the grave of
+her husband they found the Widow Cunningham, and she was a corpse.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+DEAD MAN'S ISLAND.
+
+
+There was one person in Ballybay at least who envied the woman that lay
+forever free from life's fitful fever. The day's demonstration in the
+town had brought no joy to Mat's heart. He had not yet learned to make
+any distinction between the agitators who had broken his own life and
+murdered the hopes of his country, and the very different class of men
+who had brought new life and hope to the Irish nation. The whole
+business of the meeting to him, therefore, appeared nothing but gabble,
+treason, and folly. He spent his hours, after a scornful look or two at
+the preparations for the speeches of the day, in wandering through the
+fields and streets which he had known in boyhood, and appeared to have
+left so very, very long ago. Every sight deepened his depression. He
+thought of the first day he had spent in the town long ago, when he
+visited Ballybay for the first time after years of absence. Then he
+thought that he had exhausted the possibilities of grief over the waste
+of a nation's life; but he now found that there were deeper depths and
+larger possibilities of suffering in the Irish tragedy. Famine, plague,
+a whirlwind, or an earthquake could not, as he thought, have worked
+mischief more deadly, more appalling, more complete. He saw, with a
+curious sinking of the heart and an overwhelming sadness, that nearly
+every well-remembered spot of his boyhood was marked by the ruins of a
+desolated home. Here was the corner where he used to turn from the one
+to the two mile round--as two of the walks around Ballybay were
+called--but where was the house with its crowd of noisy children, which
+he saw every morning with the same confident familiarity as a
+well-remembered piece of furniture in his own house? Yes: there was the
+little road where he remembered to have stood one day so many years ago.
+It was a bright, beautiful day in summer, the sky was blue, and the
+roses bloomed; but everything was dark to him, for Betty, his first
+nurse, the strongest affection of his childhood, had retired to her
+mother's home the day before. And as he recalled how all the world
+seemed to be over for him on that day, he felt the full brotherhood of
+sorrow, and in one moment understood all the tragic significance of the
+separation which emigration had caused in more than a million Irish
+homes. The road had changed as though the country had been turned from
+a civilized to a savage land. The grass was growing thick and rank, the
+roses had gone, thick weeds choked festering pools, and of the little
+cottage in which Betty had dwelt there was not even a vestige.
+
+And so, alas, in the town. At its entrance a whole street had
+disappeared, black and charred the walls stood--silent and deserted.
+This constant recurrence of the symbols of separation, desertion,
+silence, death, produced a strange numbness in his mind, and he walked
+along in a dream that became deeper and deeper. But he saw everything
+with the obscurity, and still with the strange, piercing look, of the
+dreamer. Turning from the houses to the people, he saw as it were in a
+flash the true meaning of that weary look which he had first observed as
+the prevalent expression of most faces; he loathed and at the same time
+he understood the prematurely bloated and blotched faces of so many of
+the young men whom he met everywhere, and read the story of the hopeless
+struggle against daily deepening gloom which had sought desperate relief
+in whiskey. He understood the procession of sad, and, as in his exalted
+mood he thought, spectral, men and women, that flowed in a noiseless
+stream to the chapel. It was May, "the month of Mary," as it is so
+touchingly called in Ireland, and in that month there are devotions
+every night in honor of the Mother of God. It was with difficulty he
+restrained his tears as there rose from the voices of the congregation
+the well-known and well-remembered hymn to the Blessed Virgin--the
+fitting wail of a people who dwell in a land of sorrows.
+
+"Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy. Our Life, Our Sweetness, and Our
+Hope, to thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve, to thee do we
+send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears." How
+well he recalled the evening long ago, when the hymn first struck him as
+the wail from the helpless agony of a dying nation.
+
+Then Mat went home, and, as he entered the house, he noticed with the
+new-born light in his eyes many things that had escaped his attention
+when he first entered there in the morning. His father, as he answered
+the door, seemed to him to have aged ten years since he had looked at
+him in the morning, and he saw with a pang that seemed to squeeze his
+heart as in a vice that his clothes were shabby, and that even his boots
+were patched and broken. Then he went upstairs, and, entering the parlor
+noiselessly, caught sight of his mother. She turned sharply around, and
+to his horror and surprise he saw a fierce, violent blush overspread her
+pale cheek. He could not help looking at the table, and there he saw the
+same dread sight that had met him at so many painful crises in his life,
+for his mother was examining bank bills and pawn tickets. Then he rushed
+back in memory to the days of his own childhood, when he had wondered
+why it was that his mother occasionally wept as she turned over these
+mysterious slips of blue paper and small pieces of stiff card. The
+abject failure of his life never appeared to him so clearly as it did at
+that moment, and the sense of complete disaster was aggravated by the
+awful feeling that he had made others suffer even more bitterly than
+himself. And for a moment it seemed, too, as if his mother were resolved
+that he should taste the full bitterness of the moral, for she looked at
+him fixedly as the blush died from her cheeks; but her heart was too
+touched by his look of pain, and in a moment she had kissed him on the
+cheek, after the frigid and self-restrained fashion of Ballybay.
+
+Mat had a battle with himself as to whether he should visit Mary on this
+day; but after a while he felt that it would be a sort of savage triumph
+if he could fill the whole day with all the pain that could be packed
+within its hours. He had no idea as yet what he was going to do with the
+morrow, but it would certainly bring some new departure; this day he
+was, for this reason, the more resolutely ready to abandon to the luxury
+of woe.
+
+Mary was alone when he visited the house; her husband had left town, for
+he did not dare, with all his courage, to aggravate the popular hatred
+by being visible on the day of the demonstration. She came into the room
+and shook hands with him, to his surprise, without any appearance of
+embarrassment. He looked at her without a word for a few moments, while
+she asked a few questions in a perfectly natural tone of voice about the
+meeting, his imprisonment, etc. As he looked he thought he saw a strange
+and mournful change in her face. The features seemed to have grown not
+merely hard, but coarse. He remembered the time when her upper lip had
+appeared to his eyes short, expressive, elegant; now it seemed to have
+grown long and vulgar. Her dark eyes were cold and impenetrable.
+
+For a while they talked about indifferent things, but though he had
+sworn to himself a thousand times that he would never utter a word about
+her broken troth, his nerves were still too shaken and unsteady, after
+his sufferings in prison and the wearing experiences through which he
+had passed, to allow him to maintain complete self-control.
+
+"And so you married Cosgrave," he said, as a beginning.
+
+She looked at him sharply, and then answered, in the same cold and
+perfectly collected voice, "Yes, I married Cosgrave."
+
+"Are you happy?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You never cared for me?" he said with bitterness; and then the venom,
+which had been choking him from the hour when he heard that his
+betrothed was gone, overflowed. He went on, in a voice that grew hoarse
+in its vehemence: "Look! I have been four years in prison; in the
+company of burglars, pickpockets, murderers; I have been kept in silence
+and solitude and restraint; and yet in all these four years I never
+suffered a pang so horrible as when I heard that you had proved untrue."
+
+"No," she answered, with a stillness that sounded strangely after the
+high-pitched and passionate tones of his voice; "I was not untrue, for I
+was faithful to my highest duty." Then she paused, and when next she
+spoke her voice was also passionate; but it was passion that was
+expressed in low and biting, and not in a loud tone. "You have known the
+life of a prison: but you have not passed through the hell of Irish
+poverty."... Then, after a pause, in which she seemed buried in an
+agonizing retrospect, she said--"I would marry a cripple to help my
+family."
+
+She had scarcely said these words when her father entered. The father
+was as much changed in Mat's eyes as the daughter; he could scarcely
+walk; his feet seemed just able to bear him; and his hand was palsied.
+He did not at first recognize Mat; and when at last he knew who it was,
+said in the old voice, the familiar words which Mat so loathed, "Ah! the
+crachure! Ah! the crachure!"
+
+Mat now had the key to the hideous tragedy which had separated him from
+the woman he loved, and who loved him. He looked quickly at her; but the
+light of momentary excitement had died out of the face, and the
+expression was now perfectly serene. Several reflections passed rapidly
+through Mat's mind. He saw clearly that the girl had not a particle of
+self-reproach; not a doubt of the rectitude or even the nobility of her
+conduct; she had immolated herself with the same inflexible resolve and
+unquestioning faith as the sublime murderer of Marat. Then passing
+rapidly in mental review the history of so many self-murdered hearts, he
+asked which was the more cruel--the Irish or the Indian suttee. Perhaps
+in that moment Mat gained more knowledge than is given to other men in
+years of that strangest of all, even feminine, problems--an Irish girl's
+heart.
+
+For a moment the two were left alone, for the first and only time in all
+their lives.
+
+"What?" said Mat, in an audible soliloquy, "is Irish life?" And then he
+answered the question himself as she remained silent. "A tragedy, a
+squalid tragedy!" But she looked at him cold, irresponsive, defiant, and
+he rushed away before the old man came back with the whiskey.
+
+The wreck of this girl's nature; her acceptance in full faith of the
+sordid and terrible gospel of loveless marriage; the omnipotence of even
+a little money in a land of abject and hopeless and helpless poverty,
+brought the realities of Irish life with a clearness to his mind more
+terrible than even uprooted houses and echoless streets.
+
+He accepted the invitation of a friend to take a row up the river,
+beautiful with its eternal and changeless beauty amid all this wreck of
+hopes and blasting of lives.
+
+They passed a small island.
+
+"What is that called," asked Mat of the boatman.
+
+"Dead Man's Island."
+
+"What did you say?"
+
+"Dead Man's Island."
+
+"A----h,----Dead--Man's--Island!"
+
+   THE END.
+
+
+GOING ON FOOT TO ROME.--In these days, when pilgrims go to Rome and
+Jerusalem by railway and steamer, it is refreshing to hear that the
+old-fashioned pilgrim may still be found. The last of these appears to
+be Ignacio Martinez, a native of Valladolid, who has nearly completed
+his pilgrimage to the Holy Place begun two years ago.
+
+
+
+
+The Boys in Green.
+
+
+After reading the Reminiscences of the Ninth Massachusetts, Volunteers,
+published in late numbers of DONAHOE'S, it occurred to the writer that a
+few incidents which came under my own personal observation, in which
+that regiment figured, occurring over twenty-three years ago, may be of
+interest to the survivors of the gallant Ninth, or their descendants. It
+may also interest the general public, and your Irish-American readers in
+particular, for my experience will speak more particularly of the corps
+with which my fortunes were cast--Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish
+Brigade. It was originally composed of three regiments, viz.,
+Sixty-Third New York, Eighty-Eighth New York, and Sixty-Ninth New York,
+all organized in New York City, but some of its companies hailing from
+Albany, Boston, etc. The writer of this was connected with the Albany
+Company K, Sixty-Third Regiment, in the capacity of "high private" when
+the regiment was organized. This paper is merely intended to give an
+account of a few incidents in which the brigade participated, not by any
+means as a history of that organization.
+
+It is well known to those familiar with events at the beginning of the
+war, that the Washington authorities decided to change McClellan's base
+of operations in the movement against the rebel capital (Richmond, Va.),
+to the Peninsula. Accordingly, in the spring of 1862, over one hundred
+thousand men and material of the Army of the Potomac, at that time, and
+subsequently, the largest and best disciplined body of troops in the
+service of the Republic, were sent by water to Fortress Monroe, Ship
+Point, and adjacent places for disembarkation. Very few people in civil
+life have any conception of the labor attending an operation of this
+kind. Not alone was this immense body of men carried by water, but all
+the material as well: heavy and field artillery; animals for the same;
+horses for the cavalry; and baggage, ammunition and supply trains.
+Thanks to the superiority of our navy at the time, the movement was
+entirely successful. It is true a few sailing crafts, and some armed
+rebel vessels showed themselves; but they took refuge up the York,
+Pamunkey, Elizabeth and James Rivers, to be afterwards destroyed as the
+Union Army advanced.
+
+The writer was at the time on detached service (recruiting) in New York
+City; but at the period the advanced vessels of the Flotilla reached the
+Peninsula he received orders to rejoin his regiment. Accordingly I left
+Albany (depot for recruits) April 11, 1862, in charge of twenty-two men,
+eleven for Sixty-Third and eleven for Eighty-Eighth Regiments, reaching
+Fort Monroe April 14, by steamer from Washington. I shall never forget
+the impression made on my civilian mind as we steamed under the frowning
+guns of the weather-beaten Fort, in the gray of the morning. It
+impressed me with awe, as the black muzzles of the "War Dogs" bade
+defiance in their silent grandeur to rebels in arms and European
+enemies, who, at the time, entertained anything but friendly feelings
+towards the Republic.
+
+The achievement of the famous _Monitor_ was, at the time, in everybody's
+mouth. Your older readers will remember how the "Yankee Cheese-Box," the
+gallant Worden in command, put in appearance in Hampton Roads, a day or
+two after the finest wooden war ships in the government service were
+sent to the bottom, by the guns and ram of the rebel _Merrimac_. When
+the saucy, insignificant-looking craft boldly steamed for the victorious
+rebel iron-clad, the officers on board could not believe their senses,
+never having seen anything like the mysterious stranger before; but when
+fire and smoke belched forth from the _Monitor's_ revolving turret, they
+were reminded that they had better look to their guns. Not being able to
+damage the stranger with their British cannon, the rebel tried the
+effect of its powerful ram; but the "cheese-box" divining its
+intentions, nimbly got out of harm's way. Its powerful eleven-inch guns
+in the turret continued to pound the iron sides of the _Merrimac_, until
+the latter thought "discretion the better part of valor," and sought
+safety in flight by ascending the Elizabeth River to Norfolk, not before
+being badly damaged in the encounter. Notwithstanding the rebel had
+numerous guns of the most approved pattern, their shot glanced
+harmlessly from the _Monitor's_ revolving turret, the only object
+visible above water. You may think we looked upon the champion with no
+little pleasure as she peacefully lay in the channel, with steam up,
+waiting for the appearance of its powerful adversary, which never came.
+(The _Merrimac_ was so badly damaged in the encounter, its commander,
+Jones, blew her up sooner than see her in the enemy's hands.) The masts
+of the ill-fated _Cumberland_ and her consorts were plainly visible in
+the distance, where they sank with their brave tars standing nobly by
+their guns.
+
+I am afraid the editor of the MAGAZINE will get impatient with my
+description before coming to the Ninth. The writer goes into these
+particulars because another generation has come on the scene since they
+happened, and it may interest them.
+
+After landing with my detachment of twenty-two men, we turned our faces
+landward to find the army then moving towards Richmond. On the way we
+passed through the village of Hampton, and subsequently were much
+interested in looking over the battlefield of Big Bethel, where Magruder
+made his first fight on the Peninsula, not long previous, and where the
+Union troops were roughly handled. Gen. Joseph B. Carr, of Troy, N. Y.,
+in command of the Second New York Volunteers, one of the most successful
+Irish-American soldiers of the late war, took a prominent part in this
+battle. It is thought he would have retrieved the blunders of some of
+the Union officers, if he had not been ordered to retire by Gen. B. F.
+Butler, who was in command. Gen. Carr is now serving out his third
+successive term as Secretary of State of New York. He recently ran for
+Lieutenant Governor on the Republican ticket; and although he failed to
+get elected, he ran nearly nine thousand votes ahead of his ticket. The
+rebel field works were just as they left them. The neighboring forests
+told the story of the desperate conflict by the manner in which they
+were torn from the effects of the artillery.
+
+It was a long and tedious journey before we struck the army of "Little
+Mac;" and when the shades of night began to envelope us, the little
+squad was footsore, tired and hungry, having covered twenty-four miles
+since leaving the steamer. To add to our inconvenience, we had eaten
+nothing since leaving the vessel, and then a limited supply of "hard
+tack," washed down with coffee. The location of Meagher's Brigade was
+among the uncertainties. All our inquiries of troops in the vicinity
+were fruitless.
+
+Learning from the men of a battery, encamped on the edge of a clearing,
+that an Irish Regiment was not far distant, inquired the name (State and
+number).
+
+"I think, sergeant," said the officer addressed, "that it is an Irish
+Regiment from Massachusetts, but I do not know the number; they have an
+Irish flag anyhow." Thanking the captain for the information, we sought
+the locality of the Irish boys and their green flag.
+
+"Halt! who comes there?" demanded a sentinel, pacing his beat, a few
+yards from the road, as the squad approached in the twilight.
+
+"Friends!" was the response.
+
+"Advance, friends, and give the countersign!"
+
+We had no "countersign," and could not give it. I did the next best
+thing, and addressed the sentinel thus:
+
+"We are Union soldiers, trying to find our regiment, having landed this
+morning at Fortress Monroe. We are tired and without anything to eat,
+since early this morning. Be good enough to tell us the name of that
+regiment yonder."
+
+"That is the Ninth Massachusetts, Col. Tom Cass," was his response.
+
+"Call the corporal of the guard; I would like to see the colonel."
+
+"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" he lustily called out, at the top of
+his voice.
+
+"Corporal of the guard, Post Five!" was repeated in succession by the
+respective posts; bringing that officer on the run, in a few minutes to
+the post designated.
+
+I repeated the request to the "corporal of the guard," a bright little
+man, about twenty-four years old. He requested us to remain where we
+were until the "officer of the guard" was consulted, "for ye know we are
+in the enemy's counthry, and we must be cautious." We assented, of
+course. Presently a lieutenant made his appearance, and after hearing
+our story, told us to follow him. We passed the guard and made our way
+to the colonel's quarters, before which a soldier was leisurely pacing.
+The lieutenant entered, but returned in a moment and desired me to
+follow him. I did so, and found myself in a group of officers. I saluted
+and came to "attention."
+
+"Well, sergeant, what can we do for you?" kindly asked an officer with
+the eagles of a colonel on his shoulders.
+
+"We are benighted, sir; my men and I landed at the Fort this morning,
+and are on the way to find our regiments. We have had nothing to eat in
+twelve hours. We're hungry and tired, and claim your hospitality for the
+night."
+
+"May I ask what command you belong to, sir?"
+
+"My regiment is the Sixty-Third New York, colonel, and the detachment is
+for that regiment and the Eighty-Eighth New York."
+
+"What! Gen. Meagher, the Irish Brigade! Consider yourself at home,
+sergeant. The best in our camp is at your service. You can have all you
+can eat and drink, and a place to rest. Orderly," addressing a soldier
+in front of the tent, "send Sergeant ---- to me."
+
+"I see by your chevrons you are a non-commissioned
+officer. May I ask your name?" addressing me.
+
+"Sergeant J---- D----, Company K, colonel," was my response.
+
+The sergeant made his appearance, and Col. Cass (for we learned,
+subsequently, it was he) gave him directions to take Sergeant D----and
+his men, and give them everything they wanted for the night, and their
+breakfast before leaving in the morning. As we were about retiring the
+colonel remarked:--
+
+"The night is chilly, sergeant; fog is heavy, malaria abroad, and you
+are tired. Wouldn't you like something in the way of liquid
+refreshments?"
+
+"Thanks, colonel," I replied; "but the Sixty-Third is a temperance
+regiment.[9] We took the pledge from Father Dillon, last January, on
+David's Island, New York Harbor, for the war."
+
+"Is it possible? I am glad to hear it! God bless you. I trust you will
+keep your pledge, not only for the war, but for all future time." I
+thanked him, gave him a salute and retired.
+
+We certainly found ourselves in "the hands of our friends." Sergeant
+----(unfortunately my diary is silent as to his name) took us to his
+quarters, and that being inadequate, lodged out some of the strangers.
+Coffee was made for us at the company's kitchen, and in less than half
+an hour there was enough of that delicious beverage steaming hot before
+us, with a mountain of "hard tack," to feed a company, instead of
+twenty-three men. The wants of the inner man being attended to (and we
+did the spread full justice) brier wood and tobacco were called into
+requisition. We found ourselves the centre of an interested crowd, for
+it got noised abroad that a squad of Gen. Meagher's men was in Sergeant
+----'s quarters. "Taps" were sounded at the usual hour, but, by
+permission of the "officer of the day" the lights in the sergeant's
+tent, and others adjoining, were not extinguished, out of respect to the
+New Yorkers. During the evening song and story were in order, and at
+this late day it will not be giving away a secret to say that the
+"liquid refreshments," so kindly offered by the colonel were not ignored
+by many present, for the Ninth had a sutler with it, whose supply of
+"commissary" was yet abundant to be taken as an antidote against the
+malaria.
+
+At day-break the regiment was roused from slumber by the soul-stirring
+sounds of the "reveille" which reverberated through the dark pine woods
+of the "sacred soil." The strangers were prevailed on to take a hasty
+cup of coffee, and as the men were forming for company drill, we bade
+them "good-by," and sought our own regiments, which we found in camp in
+a clearing, at Ship Point, nine miles from Yorktown, then held by the
+enemy.
+
+The writer did not see the Ninth again until the 27th of June following
+(1862), and the occasion was a sad one. When McClellan's right wing was
+crushed like an egg shell under Gen. Fitz John Porter, on the north bank
+of the Chickahominy, two brigades of Sumner's Second Corps (Meagher and
+French's) were ordered from the centre of our lines at Fair Oaks to
+check the victorious march of the overwhelming masses of the enemy.
+After fighting like Spartans for two days, the twenty-seven thousand men
+under Porter were outflanked by the enemy who were sixty-five thousand
+strong. Porter's troops were compelled to retire, and by sundown they
+were in full retreat towards the temporary bridges constructed by our
+troops, over the Chickahominy. At this juncture the two brigades
+mentioned were ordered from our centre to check the advance of the now
+victorious enemy.
+
+The force engaged at Gaines' Mill was: Union, 50 Regiments, 20
+batteries, 27,000 men. Confederate: 129 Regiments, 19 batteries, 65,000
+men. Losses: Union, killed, 894; wounded, 3,107; missing, 2,836; total,
+6,837. Confederate: Somewhat larger, especially in killed and wounded.
+Perhaps in the whole history of the war there was no battle fought with
+more desperation on both sides than that of Mechanicville (June 26), and
+Gaines' Mill (June 27). Fitz John Porter handled his army with such
+ability that his inferior force repelled repeated attacks of the flower
+of the rebel army under Lee and Jackson; and if it were not for the
+blundering of the cavalry, under Gen. Cook, through whose
+instrumentality Porter's lines were broken, he would have repelled all
+efforts to drive him to the river. As an evidence of the desperate
+nature of the conflict, it may be mentioned that one Rebel regiment
+(Forty-Fourth Georgia) lost three hundred and thirty-five men.
+
+We got there, about eight miles, at eight o'clock, having pushed on by
+forced marches all the way, but too late to change the fortunes of the
+day. We did check the advancing and exalting Rebels, who supposed a
+large part of the Union army had come to the rescue. Forming our lines
+on top of the hill (Gain's) with an Irish cheer we went down the
+northern side of the hill pell-mell for the enemy. The pursuers were now
+the pursued. The Rebels broke and fled before Irish steel. To advance in
+the darkness would be madness. The regiments were brought to a halt. So
+as to deceive the Confederates as to the number of reinforcements, the
+position of each regiment was constantly changed. In one of these
+movements, the right of the Sixty-Third struck a rebel battalion, halted
+in the darkness, and for a time there was temporary confusion. The grey
+coats were brushed aside instantly, getting a volley from the right wing
+of the Sixty-Third as a reminder that we meant business.
+
+Fitz John Porter pays this tribute to the brigade as to the part it
+took on this occasion: "French and Meagher's brigades of Sumner's corps,
+all that the corps commanders deemed they could part with, were sent
+forward by the commanding general.... All soon rallied in rear of the
+Adams House behind Sykes and the brigades of French and Meagher sent to
+our aid, and who now with hearty cheers greeted our battalions as they
+retired and reformed."
+
+While resting on our arms the dead and wounded were thick all
+around--friend and foe. Alas! not a few were our brothers of the Ninth
+Massachusetts. They told us in whispers how they repelled the enemy all
+day, and not until they were flanked by the Rebels did they give way
+before their repeated charges. The remnant of the regiment I
+subsequently saw next morning, in the rear, few in numbers, but with its
+spirit unbroken.
+
+Having held the enemy in check to permit our broken battalions and the
+wounded to recross the Chickahominy, the two brigades silently left the
+field before dawn the next morning, blowing up the bridge behind us,
+thus stopping the pursuit. The two brigades occupied their old places
+behind the breastwork, at four the next morning, completely exhausted,
+but gratified that we were instrumental in checking the enemy, and
+saving from capture a large part of the army.
+
+Four days later, July 1st, the bloody conflict of Malvern Hill was
+fought--the last of the Seven Days' Battles. Meagher's brigade, at that
+time consisting of the Sixty-Third, Eighty-Eighth, and Sixty-Ninth New
+York and one regiment from Massachusetts (Twenty-Ninth), had arms
+stacked in a beautiful valley, in the rear of the struggling hosts. All
+day long the storm of battle raged, and the men of the brigade were
+congratulating themselves that for once, at least, we would not be
+called upon to participate. Each regiment was ordered to kill several
+sheep and beeves, found the same day on the lands of a rich Virginian.
+While the companies were being served, a staff officer was seen riding
+at full speed to Gen. Meagher's head-quarters, his horse wet with foam.
+The men knew what that meant. We had seen it before. In a few minutes
+the "long roll" sounded in every regiment, and in less time than it
+takes to write these lines, the brigade was on the march. We knew from
+the sound of the guns that we were not going from but nearing the
+combat. Turning a ridge in the south-east, a fearful sight met our view.
+Thousands of wounded streamed to the rear, in the direction of Harrison
+Landing, on the James. Men with shattered arms and legs, some limping,
+all bloody and powder-stained. Many defiant, but the badly wounded
+moaning with agony. The head of the column, with Gen. Meagher and staff
+in front, turned sharply to the right, with difficulty forcing our way
+through the wounded crowds. We learned, subsequently, that after
+repelling the enemy with fearful slaughter all day, towards nightfall
+they pressed our left and attempted to seize the roads on our line of
+retreat to the James. Not till then were Meagher's men called on, and
+promptly they responded. While hurrying to the front, the Sixty-Third
+being the third regiment was halted. At this moment a volley from the
+left between us and the river, swept through our ranks. Seventeen men of
+the regiment fell, among them being Col. John Burke, who received a ball
+in the knee. He fell from his horse, but the mishap was for the moment
+kept from the men. Lieut.-Col. Fowler assumed command, and before the
+Rebel regiment had time to reload, four hundred smooth bores sent a
+withering volley crashing through their ranks. This put a quietus upon
+them.
+
+"What regiment is this?" demanded an officer on horseback, surrounded by
+his staff, who came galloping up as the men reloaded.
+
+"This is the Sixty-Third New York, general," responded Lieut.-Col.
+Fowler of that regiment.
+
+"I am Gen. Porter, in command of this part of the field. I order you to
+remain here to support a battery now on its way to this spot. Do you
+understand, sir?"
+
+"Yes, general; the Sixty-Third always obeys orders," was the lieutenant
+colonel's prompt response, and Gen. Porter disappeared to the front.
+
+While halted here for the appearance of the battery, a crowd of men
+coming from the front, in the now gathering darkness, attracted my
+attention. I should say there were not more than fifty men all
+told--perhaps not more than thirty. They were grouped around their
+colors, which I discovered to be a United States flag and a green
+standard. The men were the most enthusiastic I ever saw. They were
+cheering, and their voices could be plainly heard over the roar of
+battle. Some were without caps, many were wounded, and all grimy
+from powder, and every few moments some one of them called for
+"three cheers for the stars and stripes."
+
+"Let us give three for the green flag, boys."
+
+"Give the Rebels h---- boys!" To one officer in front cheering, who had
+his cap on the point of his sword, I inquired:
+
+"What regiment is this, captain?"
+
+"Why, don't you know?
+
+"This is all that is left of the old Ninth Massachusetts--all that is
+left of us boys!
+
+"Our dead and wounded are in the woods over there!
+
+"Oh! we lost our colonel, boys; the gallant Cass, one of the best
+fighters and bravest man in the army!
+
+"We saved our colors, though, and we had to fight to do it!
+
+"Go in, Irish Brigade! Do as well as the Ninth did!
+
+"Three cheers for the stars and stripes!
+
+"Give three for the old Bay State!
+
+"Hurrah!"
+
+And the remnant of the splendid regiment filed to the rear in the
+darkness; but still their cheers could be heard for quite a distance
+over the rattle of musketry and the sound of the guns.
+
+"The battery! The battery! Here comes the battery!" was heard from a
+hundred throats, as it wildly thundered and swept from the rear,
+regardless of the dead and dying, who fairly littered the field. God
+help the dying, for the dead cared not! The iron wheels of the
+carriages, and feet of the horses, discriminate not between friend and
+foe. It will never be known how many were ground to pulp that July
+evening as Capt. J. R. Smead's Battery K, Fifth United States Artillery
+came in response to the command of the gallant Porter, who saw the
+danger of having his left turned. Three batteries were ordered up by
+Gen. Porter, viz: Capt. J. R. Smead; Capt. Stephen H. Weed, Battery I,
+Fifth United States Artillery; and Capt. J. Howard Carlisle, Battery E,
+Second United States Artillery.
+
+"Forward, Sixty-Third! Double quick! march!" shouted Capt. O'Neil, the
+senior line officer, who was now in command.
+
+"Forward! Double quick!" was repeated by each company commander, and the
+Sixty-Third followed the lead of the battery into the very jaws of
+death, many of them to meet their brothers of the Ninth, who just passed
+over the silent river, on the crimson tide of war![10]
+
+Had the repeated and desperate efforts of the enemy succeeded in turning
+the Union left, as was feared towards nightfall, a dire disaster awaited
+the splendid army of McClellan. How near we came to it may be judged
+from the fact that all the reserves were brought into action, including
+the artillery under Gen. Henry J. Hunt. The instructions to Smead,
+Carlisle and Mead, when hurried up to defend the narrow gorge, with
+their artillery, through which the Confederates must force their way on
+to the plateau, were to fire on friend and foe, if the emergency
+demanded it. This is confirmed by a letter to the writer from Fitz John
+Porter. "These batteries were ordered up," he says, "to the narrow part
+of the hill, to be used in saving the rest of the army, if those in
+front were broken, driven in and pursued, by firing, if necessary, on
+friend as well as foe, so that the latter should not pass them. I went
+forward with you to share your fate if fortune deserted us, but I did
+not expect disaster, and, thank God, it did not come!"
+
+These are the words of as brave and loyal an American as ever drew his
+sword for the Republic. Few men, perhaps none, in the army at that time,
+with our limited experience in war, could have handled his troops as
+Gen. Porter did at Gaine's Mill and Malvern. He desperately contested
+every inch of ground on the north bank of the Chickahominy, although
+his force was only twenty-seven thousand against sixty-five thousand of
+the enemy. Again at Malvern, the Rebels, maddened with successive
+defeats, were determined to annihilate the grand army of the Potomac
+with a last superhuman effort. They probably would have succeeded had a
+less able soldier been placed in command at that critical point. But, as
+will be seen from the above extract, the General never for a moment lost
+hope of being able to successfully repulse the enemy, for no man knew
+the material he had to do it with better than he.
+
+What a pity that the services of such an able soldier should have been
+lost to the army and the country, a few weeks later, through the petty
+jealousies of small men, who wanted a scape-goat to cover up their own
+shortcomings. For over twenty years this grand American soldier, the
+soul of honor, who would at any moment sacrifice his life sooner than be
+guilty of an act inconsistent with his noble profession, has been
+permitted to live under the unjust stigma cast upon him. The day will
+surely come, and it is not far distant, when the American people will
+blush for the great wrong done Fitz John Porter. They will agree with
+the late general of our armies, a man whose memory will be forever held
+in grateful remembrance by his country (U. S. Grant), who, after careful
+and mature investigation of his conduct at the Second Battle of Bull
+Run, said deliberately, that Fitz John Porter should not be censured for
+the mismanagement of that ill-fated battle. In military affairs Gen.
+Grant was always a safe guide to follow.
+
+After a careful review of Gen. Porter's case, Gen Grant wrote President
+Arthur, under date of December 22, 1881, as follows:
+
+     "At the request of Gen. Fitz John Porter, I have recently reviewed
+     his trial, and the testimony held before the Schofield court of
+     inquiry held in 1879.... The reading of the whole record has
+     thoroughly convinced me that for these nineteen years I have been
+     doing a gallant and efficient soldier a very great injustice in
+     thought and sometimes in speech. I feel it incumbent upon me now to
+     do whatever lies in my power to remove from him and from his family
+     the stain upon his good name.... I am now convinced that he
+     rendered faithful, efficient and intelligent service.... I would
+     ask that the whole matter be laid before the attorney-general for
+     his examination and opinion, hoping that you will be able to do
+     this much for an officer who has suffered for nineteen years a
+     punishment that never should be inflicted upon any but the most
+     guilty."
+
+It was many months before I again saw the Ninth Massachusetts; but what
+a contrast to its appearance on that glorious April morning, in 1862,
+when I was the recipient of its warm hospitality among the pines on the
+threshold of the advance on the rebel capital.
+
+                                                 JOHN DWYER.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 9: While the Sixty-Third was in Camp of Instruction on David's
+Island, in the East River, opposite New Rochelle, N. Y., it was under
+the spiritual care of Father Dillon, an enthusiastic young priest. He
+was an ardent advocate of temperance. Like all green troops, the
+Sixty-Third had some reckless members, who frequently took a "dhrop" too
+much. Before leaving for the seat of war, at the conclusion of a
+powerful temperance discourse, he proposed to the assembled regiment
+that every man and officer take the temperance pledge, "for the war."
+One thousand uplifted hands responded, and while he slowly read the
+words of the pledge the men repeated them; and this was how the
+Sixty-Third became "a temperance regiment."]
+
+[Footnote 10: Here is Gen. Porter's tribute to the part taken by the
+brigade in the terrific struggle at Malvern Hill: "I sent an urgent
+request for two brigades. Sumner read my note aloud, and fearing he
+could not stand another draft on his forces, was hesitating to respond,
+when Heintzleman, ever prompt and generous, sprang to his feet and
+exclaimed: 'By Jove! if Porter asks for help, I know he needs it.' The
+immediate result was the sending of Meagher by Sumner, and Sickles by
+Heintzleman. This was the second time that Sumner had selected and sent
+me Meagher's gallant Irish Brigade, and each time it rendered invaluable
+service.... It was at this time, in answer to my call for aid that
+Sumner sent me Meagher, and Heintzleman sent Sickles, both of whom
+reached me in the height of battle, when, if ever, fresh troops would
+renew our confidence and insure success. While riding rapidly forward to
+meet Meagher, who was approaching at a double quick step, my horse fell,
+throwing me over his head, much to my discomfort, both of body and
+mind.... Advancing with Meagher's brigade, accompanied by my staff, I
+soon found that my forces had successfully driven back their assailants.
+Determined, if possible, satisfactorily to finish the contest,
+regardless of the risk of being fired upon by our artillery in case of
+defeat, I pushed on beyond our lines into the woods held by the enemy.
+About fifty yards in front of us, a large force of the enemy suddenly
+arose and opened with fearful volleys upon our advancing line. I turned
+to the brigade, which thus far had kept pace with my horse, and found it
+standing like a stone wall, and returning a fire more destructive than
+it received, and from which the enemy fled. _The brigade was planted._
+My service was no longer needed, and I sought Gen. Sickles, whom I found
+giving aid to Couch. I had the satisfaction of learning that night that
+a Confederate detachment, undertaking to turn Meagher's left, was met by
+a portion of the Sixty-Ninth New York Regiment, which advancing,
+repelled the attack and captured many prisoners."]
+
+
+Leo XIII. has sent to the Emperor of Germany and to Prince Bismarck
+copies, specially printed and bound, of the Encyclical. His Holiness
+adds to the present to the Chancellor a copy of the _Novissima Leonis
+XIII. Pont. Max. Carmina_. A note of very emphatic and reverent praise
+of the poems has been communicated to the official German press.
+
+
+
+
+A Christmas Carol.
+
+
+   Ah, weep not, friends, that I am far from ye,
+     And no warm breathed words may reach my ears;
+   One way is shorter, nearer than by sea,
+     Prayers weigh with God and graces wait on tears;
+   As rise the mists from summer seas unseen,
+     To fall in freshening showers on hill and plain,
+   So prayer sent forth from fervent hearts makes green
+     The parched bowers of one whose life was vain.
+
+   Pray for me day and night these Christmas hours,
+     This the one gift I value all beyond;
+   Aid me with supplication 'fore those powers
+     Who have regard for prayer, th' angelic bond--
+   All ye who love me knock at Jesus' gate,
+     As for one standing outside deep in snow,
+   Tell him a sorrowing soul doth trembling wait,
+     And none but He can ease its load of woe.
+
+   Ah, friends! of whom I once asked other things,
+     Refuse me not this one thing asked again;
+   Shield me, a naked soul, with sheltering wings,
+     From rush of angry storms and bitter rain--
+   I cannot stand the gaze of mine own eyes;
+     That I escape myself implore our Lord--
+   Ah, me! I learn he only's rightly wise
+     Who seeks in all th' exceeding great reward.
+
+   From self that I be freed, O Father will!
+     Lord Jesus from the world protect me still,
+   Spirit paraclete, over the flesh give victory,
+     And o'er the devil a lasting crown to me!
+
+   JAMES KEEGAN.
+
+
+
+
+The _Catholic Review_: Irish-America contributes to the new Parliament
+one of the strongest members of the Nationalist party, Mr. T. P. Gill,
+for some years past assistant editor of the _Catholic World_, and
+previously a prominent journalist in Ireland, where, during the
+imprisonment of Mr. William O'Brien, he took the editorial chair of
+_United Ireland_ until Mr. Buckshot Forster made it too hot for him. In
+the cooler climate of New York he still did good service to his party,
+in disabusing numbers of many ill-grounded misapprehensions and
+misconceptions, and in strengthening the sympathies, by increasing the
+information, of all well-wishers of Ireland. His work will be felt in
+England.
+
+
+
+
+The Late Father Tom Burke.
+
+
+Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., of London, have published, in two volumes, the
+"Life of the Very Rev. Thomas N. Burke, O.P.," by William J.
+Fitzpatrick, F.S.A. We give a few extracts:
+
+"Some one complained to Father Burke one day that his sermons were too
+'flowery;' but it was not just criticism if the term was intended to
+imply that they were florid. His answer was characteristic. 'And what
+should they be but floury--seeing my father was a baker?' It was also in
+allusion to his father's calling that he was wont to boast, when
+questioned as to his family, that they were 'the best-bread-Burkes' of
+Galway.
+
+"'When I hear him preach,' said Bishop Moriarty, 'I rejoice that the
+Church has gained a prize; when I hear him tell a story, I am tempted to
+regret that the stage has lost him.'
+
+"A Protestant lady listening to his lecture on divorce said: 'I am bound
+to become a Catholic out of self-respect and self-defence.'
+
+"During the visit of the Prince of Wales to Rome His Royal Highness went
+to the Irish Dominicans and to the Irish College. Father Burke was asked
+to guide the prince through the crypt of St. Sebastian, his Royal
+Highness being, it was understood, particularly anxious to see the
+paintings with which the early Christians decorated the places where
+rested their dead. Some English ladies, mostly converts, in Rome at the
+time, were divided in their devotion to the Prince and to the catacomb
+pictures--the most memorable religious pictures of the world. That
+evening they begged Father Burke to tell them exactly what His Royal
+Highness said of the frescoes. The question was parried for some time;
+but when the fluttered expectation of the fair questioners had risen to
+a climax, Father Burke showed hesitating signs of his readiness to
+repeat the soul-betraying exclamations of the Prince. 'Well, what _did_
+he say?' they cried, in suspense. 'He said--well, he said--'Aw!'"
+
+"In 1865, Father Burke succeeded the present Cardinal Archbishop of
+Westminster in the pulpit of Sta Maria del Popolo in Rome; and it is a
+little coincidence that the famous Dominican, a year or two earlier,
+when Prior of Tallaght, succeeded also the Cardinal's relative in the
+pulpit of the Catholic University. 'Father Andedon,' says Mr.
+Fitzpatrick, 'had been for some years a very popular preacher in the
+church of the Catholic University. On the retirement of Father Andedon
+to England, to which he was naturally attached by birth and
+belongings--for Dr. Manning was his uncle--Father Burke took his place
+in the pulpit.' It was here, by the way, that the 'Prince of Preachers'
+introduced the class of sermons known as 'Conferences,' and associated
+with Lacordaire and the pulpit of Notre Dame. Father Burke had never
+seen Lacordaire; but the Dean of the Catholic University, who had been
+listening to Lacordaire for years, was greatly struck by Father Burke's
+resemblance, as a preacher, to his great brother Dominican in France.
+The likenesses between preachers, as between faces, are sometimes subtle
+things! Bishop Moriarty, returning from Rome, paused in Paris, where he
+heard yet another Dominican orator, Pere Monsabre, preaching at Notre
+Dame. When next he saw Father Tom, he said to him--'Do you know Monsabre
+reminded me very much of you?' 'Now,' said Father Tom--telling the story
+to his friend, Father Greene--'this was very gratifying to me. Pere
+Monsabre was a great man, and I thought it an honor to be compared to
+him, and I told the Bishop so, adding, 'Might I ask you, my lord, what
+was the special feature of resemblance?' Now 'David' (the Bishop's
+Christian name) had a slow and deliberate and judicious way of speaking
+that kept me very attentive and expectant. 'Well,' he said, 'I'll tell
+you what struck me most. When he went up into the pulpit, he looked
+around him deliberately and raised up his hand and--scratched his
+head.'"
+
+"In the maddest sallies of Father Tom there was generally to be found a
+method. His exuberances when he was Prior of San Clemente, for instance,
+were attributed to his desire that his tonsure might not be made to bear
+the weight of a mitre: 'It got whispered among the cardinals' (writes
+Canon Brownlow), 'that their eminences were at times the objects of his
+jokes, and that he even presumed to mimic those exalted personages. Some
+of them spoke seriously about it, and asked the Dominican Cardinal Guidi
+to admonish him to behave with greater gravity. Cardinal Guidi repaired
+to San Clemente, and proceeded to deliver his message, and Father Burke
+received it with becoming submission. But no sooner had the cardinal
+finished than Father Burke imitated his manner, accent and language,
+with such ludicrous exactness that the cardinal burst into a fit of
+laughter, and could not tell him to stop.'
+
+"The venerable Father Mullooly was equally foiled by another phase of
+the young friar's freakishness, when, on being remonstrated with for
+what seemed to be an undue indulgence in cigars, Father Tom represented
+it as rather dictated by a filial duty, for the Pope, he said, had sent
+him a share of a chest of Havanas, worth a dollar each, which a Mexican
+son had forwarded to the Vatican.
+
+"But the other side of the man came out in his sermons when he succeeded
+Dr. Manning--hurriedly called to England to attend the death-bed of
+Cardinal Wiseman--as occupant of the pulpit of Santa Maria del Popolo,
+and on many subsequent occasions: 'When I lift up my eyes here (he said
+in speaking of the 'Groupings of Calvary'), it seems as if I stood
+bodily in the society of these men. I see in the face of John the
+expression of the highest manly sympathy that comforted and consoled the
+dying eyes of the Saviour. It seems to me that I behold the Blessed
+Virgin, whose maternal heart consented in that hour of agony to be
+broken for the sins of men. I see the Magdalen as she clings to the
+cross, and receives upon that hair, with which she wiped His Feet, the
+drops of His Blood. I behold that heart, humbled in penance and inflamed
+with love--the heart of the woman who had loved much, and for whom he
+had prayed. It seems to me that I travel step by step to Calvary, and
+learn, as they unite in Him, every lesson of suffering, of peace, of
+hope, of joy, of love."
+
+
+
+
+Our Neighbors.
+
+The Irish in Canada.
+
+
+_Montreal Gazette:_ The matter of Mr. Curran's speech on the occasion of
+the opening of St. Ann's Hall is worthy of more than passing notice. He
+chose for his theme the progress of the Irish race in Canada, and
+although the groundwork of his address was placed in Montreal, the
+deductions to be drawn from the statistics presented may, with equal
+propriety, be applied to any section of Canada in which the Irish colony
+is located. The Irish people are, for what reason it is unnecessary to
+inquire, essentially colonists, much more so as respects the mass than
+those of Scotland and England, and in no country or clime have they
+found a more hospitable welcome or a more prosperous resting-place than
+in Canada. In Nova Scotia, in New Brunswick, in Prince Edward Island, in
+Quebec, in Ontario, Irishmen and the sons of Irishmen are found in the
+front rank of the professions, of agriculture, of industrial enterprise,
+while in the affairs of State they exert a large and legitimate
+influence. Any one acquainted with the commercial life of Halifax, or
+Montreal, and the agricultural districts of Ontario, will bear witness
+that no more loyal and law-abiding, no more intelligent and progressive,
+no more industrious and thrifty people than the descendants of Irishmen
+are to be found. As to the progress of the race in Montreal, Mr. Curran
+was able to present many interesting facts. From a community so small
+that, in the expressive words of the late Dr. Benjamin Workman, a
+good-sized parlor carpet would cover all the worshippers in the church,
+they have grown, by continuous and healthy progression, into a
+population of thousands, possessed of wealth, of influence, of activity,
+of loyal citizenship, with its established schools, its district
+congregations, its charitable institutions, its temperance societies,
+which have administered the pledge to more than twenty-five thousand
+people. In the two facts that since 1867 the assessed value of real
+estate possessed by the Irish people in Montreal has increased from
+$3,500,000 to more than $12,000,000, and that on the books of the City
+and District Savings Bank there are eleven thousand Irish names, mostly
+of the working classes, whose deposits exceed $2,000,000, the highest
+testimony of the industry and opportunity of the race is found. The
+prosperity of the Irish is not singular in this free country, but,
+brought out as Mr. Curran has done, it serves to exemplify the splendid
+field for honest toil Canada affords.
+
+
+The French in Canada.
+
+An Ottawa correspondent writes:--The race prejudices between the French
+and Anglo-Saxon elements of the country seem to be acquiring violent
+vitality. Such a consummation as a fusion of the two races is out of all
+calculation. The French Canadians will continue, as they have always
+been, isolated from their fellow Canadians; nor would this matter very
+much if good feeling and mutual tolerance prevailed between the two
+races. An incident has just fanned this race animosity into a flame. A
+Toronto newspaper recently libelled a French Canadian regiment which was
+sent on service to the North-West. This regiment, for obvious reasons,
+was not sent where there was any chance of its being employed against
+Riel's Half-breeds. The editor was brought from Toronto to Montreal to
+answer for his writing before the Law Courts, and has just been
+condemned to pay a fine of two hundred dollars. As the editor left the
+court, a French Canadian officer attacked him with a whip, and in the
+street he was surrounded by a furious mob, incited by the inflammatory
+articles which the French papers of Montreal had been daily publishing
+during the course of the trial. To crown all, whilst endeavoring to
+defend himself from this violence, the hapless editor was arrested by
+the police and dragged before the police magistrate, who very properly
+discharged him. But the editor is a Toronto man, and now Toronto has
+indignantly taken up his cause, raising subscriptions to indemnify him
+for the cost of the trial--the "persecution," as it is called--and
+organizing an anti-French movement. All this is very regrettable seeing
+that the future of the Dominion depends so much upon a state of harmony
+between the rival races. There are indications clear and unmistakable
+that French Canada is yielding to a tendency towards old France, which
+can have none other than a sinister effect upon the prospects of this
+country if permitted to develop.
+
+
+Quebec Province.
+
+_Toronto Mail:_ To-day there are in Quebec three universities, namely,
+Laval, McGill, and Lennoxville, three hundred secondary colleges and
+academies, three Normal schools, twenty-five special schools, and about
+six thousand primary schools, each grade of school being conducted on
+the principle that it is better to teach a pupil little and teach it
+well, than to turn him loose upon the world crammed with a smattering of
+everything and a knowledge of nothing. The expenditure on education is a
+large and constantly increasing item in the Provincial accounts; but the
+people cheerfully pay it, for they are well aware that intelligence is
+the first condition of success in modern life. [Intelligence and
+education are not synonyms.]
+
+Whatever may be the result, in the future, of the experiment of erecting
+a French nationality in Canada, it is only right to say that the
+builders are building well, and setting an example of energy, courage
+and unity which we, in this richer province, might do worse than follow.
+
+
+Dominion Misrule.
+
+_Toronto Tribune:_ The Rev. Pere Andre, superior of the Oblate Fathers
+in the Northwest Territories, says the "rebellion" is chargeable to the
+abnormal system of government to which the country had been subjected.
+He affirms that if there had been a responsible government with
+authority and power to remedy the grievances of the half-breeds, there
+would have been no "rebellion." He maintains that the _role_ played by
+Riel in the "rebellion" was forced upon him. Listen to Father Andre's
+own words: "It can, in all truth, be stated, and the affirmations of the
+government to the contrary will not destroy the fact, that it was the
+guilty negligence of the government at Ottawa that brought Riel into the
+country. The half-breeds, exasperated at seeing themselves despised, and
+at being unable to obtain the slightest justice, thought the only means
+left to them to secure the rights which they demanded was to send for
+Riel. He, in their opinion, was the only man capable of bringing the
+authorities at Ottawa to reason. Riel came, and we know the ruin which
+he gathered about him, but the government may well say _mea culpa_ for
+their delay in taking measures which would have preserved the peace of
+the country."
+
+
+
+
+The Old Year's Army of Martyrs.
+
+
+The year just past will long be known in the missions of the East as the
+year of martyrs. In presence of its events, it seems almost wrong to
+call only the early age of Christianity the Age of Martyrs. Brief
+accounts have already been given in the public prints; but our readers
+will be glad to have copious extracts from the letters of the survivors
+among the missionaries, who have seen their flocks, with their brethren,
+slaughtered by thousands. We give these the more willingly, as there has
+so far been no full review of Catholic Mission work in the English
+language. This tale of steadfastness in faith is also a new incentive to
+love of the Sacred Heart of our Lord.
+
+Mgr. Colombert, vicar-apostolic of Eastern Cochin China, writes under
+date of August 29, 1885: "This mission, tranquil and flourishing two
+months ago, is now blotted out. There is no longer any doubt that
+twenty-four thousand Christians have been horribly massacred.... The
+mission of Eastern Cochin China is utterly ruined. It has no longer a
+single one of its numerous establishments! Two hundred and sixty
+churches, priests' houses, schools, orphan asylums, everything is
+reduced to ashes. The work done during two hundred and fifty years must
+be begun anew. There is not a single Christian house left standing....
+The Christians have seen the massacre of their brethren and the
+conflagration of their houses. They have experienced the pangs of
+hunger, and have felt the heat of the sun on the burning sands. They
+must now undergo the hardships of exile, far from their native land and
+the graves of their forefathers."
+
+During this time of terror and destruction, several priests had lost
+their lives, some under circumstances of horrible barbarity. New
+telegrams continued to announce to the Christians of the West that their
+brethren were daily called on to lay down their lives. Thus, on the 17th
+of October, a dispatch to the venerable superior of the seminary of
+Foreign Missions at Paris, announced that, besides one more missionary
+and ten native priests, seven thousand Christians had just been
+massacred. Letters, which arrived later, contained painful particulars
+of what had before been known only in its general outline of horror.
+
+Five of the refugee missionaries wrote on the 15th of August: "We dare
+not enter into new details on this catastrophe. We will only say that to
+find in history a disaster to be compared to ours, it would be necessary
+to go back beyond the Sicilian Vespers, to the acts of vandalism of the
+savage hordes which swept over, one by one, the vast provinces of the
+Roman empire. A fact which adds to the horror is that this series of
+slaughters and butcheries of our Christians has been done in a country
+without means of communication or defence. In this way conflagration and
+carnage have spread as widely as our Catholic parishes were numerous.
+They were scattered here and there over a great extent of territory,
+from the north to the south. On this account the murderers and
+incendiaries have been able to accomplish their infamous designs with
+impunity. We believe that never have there been seen so many massacres
+and conflagrations, following one on the other for two or three weeks
+continuously, on so vast a scale and at so many points at the same time,
+with such ferocity and rage on the part of unnatural fellow-countrymen
+who were exterminating their unarmed brothers.
+
+"Alas! our souls are sad unto death at the sight of the extent of our
+misfortunes. New dispatches will soon inform you how many survivors are
+left of twenty-nine missionaries and seventeen native priests, of more
+than forty male teachers of religion, of one hundred and twenty students
+of Latin and theology, of four hundred and fifty native religious
+sisters, and of forty-one thousand Christians.
+
+"In order that these almost incredible misfortunes may not be thought
+exaggerated, even by those who are ill-disposed, God has permitted that
+laymen in great number--officers and soldiers of the French post,
+officers and sailors of the war-ship moored in the harbor of Qui-nhon,
+the crew and passengers of the steamer which came to port August
+5th--should witness the horrible sight of ten or twelve different
+centres of conflagration. There were as many fires as there were
+Christian settlements. These lighted up the horizon all along the shore
+for several miles. The officers, soldiers, and travellers were for the
+most part strangers, and in some cases indifferent to everything that
+concerns the missions. They have seen with their own eyes and with
+lively emotion the greatness of the disasters which have befallen us....
+Missionaries and Christians, we have literally been deprived of
+everything: clothing, houses, rice, vestments for the celebration of the
+holy Mass and the administration of the sacraments, books; we are in
+need of everything. Scarcely one of us was able to save any part of his
+possessions. But that which has the most saddened us missionaries, is to
+have been forced to be present, down-hearted and powerless, during the
+ruin and extermination of our Christians. How many times have we
+repeated the words of Scripture: _I saw the oppressions that are done
+under the sun, and the tears of the innocent, and they had no comforter:
+and they were not able to resist their violence, being destitute of help
+from any. And I praised the dead rather than the living._ (Eccl. iv.
+1-2.) Yes, happy are those among us who died before witnessing all
+these calamities, in comparison of which a typhoon, an inundation, even
+a pestilence, would seem only ordinary misfortunes."
+
+                         _The Messenger of the Sacred Heart._
+
+
+
+
+Parnell's Strength.
+
+Mr. Parnell will have eighty-six followers in the new Parliament. From
+biographical sketches of them the following facts have been
+gleaned:--Twenty-three have had some collegiate education; twenty-five
+have sat in previous Parliaments; nine of them are lawyers, six editors,
+four magistrates, four merchants, three physicians, two educational
+workers, two drapers, three tavern-keepers, four farmers, two grocers,
+one carpenter, one blacksmith, one florist, one watchmaker, one tailor,
+one dancing-saloon owner, and one manager of a dancing-school. There are
+also a brewer, an ex-Lord Mayor of Dublin, a Secretary to the Lord Mayor
+of Dublin, a Baronet, and a Knight. It appears that the members are
+mostly men of the middle classes, who labor in some profession or trade
+for a living. Only two men with titles are on the list. The plebeian
+calling and humble origin of so many of the new Irish members has thrown
+the English aristocrats into a frightful state of mind, and the landed
+gentry who are to be rubbed against by these mudsills in St. Stephen's
+have lashed themselves into a fury upon the subject. To add to the
+enormity of the offence, these men do not do business by wholesale, or
+on a large scale, but are mere humble tradesmen, publicans, and
+artisans. The grocers, for instance, are common green grocers, who wait
+on patrons with aprons tied about their waists, and the carpenter,
+blacksmith, tailor, and others, actually work with their hands! The
+Tories feel that evil days have fallen upon the land. They deplore the
+fact that the system of non-payment of members, which has so long kept
+poor men out of Parliament, has been broken down. They point out that if
+the Irish are allowed to pay their own members, and even to send to
+America for money for that purpose, the pernicious system will soon
+spread to England, and the House of Commons will be utterly debased.
+Some irritation against America is also expressed. Of course, the Tories
+say, they could expect nothing better from the Irish in America; but of
+those Americans who promoted or patronized the fund, they speak in terms
+of both sorrow and anger. The _St. James's Gazette_, after pointing out
+the plebeian character of the Parnellite members, says: "Are these
+capable to reproduce the ancient glories of Parliament? Shall they
+dominate the inheritors of the great names which have made Parliament
+illustrious?" The Radicals rather enjoy the situation. Many of them are
+taking up the cudgels in Ireland's behalf, in the hope that the Irish
+new-comers will unite with the British workingmen, who have been elected
+by the Radicals. There are about a dozen of such members elect. They
+include a mason, a glass-blower, a tailor, a boot-maker, and a laborer.
+The Radical papers urge the workingmen and self-made men, from both
+sides of the Irish Channel, to combine and beard the aristocrats in
+their hereditary den--the House of Commons.
+
+                                        _Irish-American._
+
+
+
+
+A Silly Threat.
+
+
+The statement that English "Liberal" employers are about to discharge
+Irish workingmen throughout Great Britain, because they voted with
+Parnell, is ridiculous on its face, and is worthy only of the malignant
+genius of the persons who supply cable news to a portion of the American
+press. The same canard was started on the world's rounds immediately
+after the London explosions of a year ago. All this kind of nonsense is
+originated in the press rooms of London for the purpose of diminishing
+the Irish-American activity in the Irish cause. The originators are
+silly enough to believe that the Irish in the United States might stop
+aiding Mr. Parnell if they thought their kindred in England would be
+made to suffer by the agitation.
+
+Great causes cannot consider the sufferings of individuals, or
+aggregations of individuals, in working out their objects. Whether a few
+suffer or whether millions suffer cuts no figure in a fight for
+principle, or for the greatest good of the greatest number. If mankind
+were constructed on that chicken-hearted basis, no great movement for
+the benefit of the human race could ever have succeeded. It was not
+pleasant for the American Revolutionists, most of whom were husbands and
+fathers, to be compelled to leave their families unprotected, and, in
+many cases exposed to the attacks of England's savage allies, for the
+purpose of joining the patriot ranks under the leadership of Washington.
+
+When the soldiers of the French Republic rushed to arms, and defended
+France successfully against all Europe, during the last decade of the
+eighteenth century, they did not think of the privations of the bivouac,
+of the horrors of the battlefield, of the sorrow of their families, they
+thought only of France and of liberty.
+
+In the War of the Rebellion millions of Union men sacrificed home, wife,
+children, all that could make life dear, for what they believed to be a
+cause superior to all domestic considerations. They died by hundreds of
+thousands, and, in too many cases, left their families destitute; but
+they saved the Union and thus preserved freedom, prosperity and
+happiness to the countless millions of America's future.
+
+So is it with the cause of Ireland. Even should some English employers
+discharge thousands of their Irish workmen, which is highly improbable,
+that is no reason why the Irish people should abandon the path of duty.
+If Ireland should attain her freedom, it will not be long necessary for
+Irish working people to be dependent on Englishmen, or other foreigners,
+for a livelihood. They will find enough to do at home, in developing the
+resources and winning back the lost industries of their country.
+Americans were not afraid to give up one million men to the sword that
+the republic might be saved. Irishmen in America or elsewhere cannot be
+terrified into neutrality by a threat that a few thousands of their
+kindred in Great Britain may be thrown out of employment because of
+Parnell's agitation.
+
+                                     _The Citizen_, Chicago.
+
+
+
+
+The Pope on Christian Education.
+
+LETTER OF LEO XIII. TO THE PRELATES OF ENGLAND ON THE ABSOLUTE NECESSITY
+OF RELIGION IN THE SCHOOLS.
+
+     TO OUR VENERABLE BRETHREN, HENRY EDWARD, CARDINAL PRIEST OF THE
+     HOLY ROMAN CHURCH, OF THE TITLE OF STS. ANDREW AND GREGORY ON THE
+     COELIAN HILL, ARCHBISHOP OF WESTMINSTER, AND THE OTHER BISHOPS OF
+     ENGLAND, POPE LEO XIII.
+
+
+_Venerable Brethren_, _Health and Apostolic Benediction_--Your proved
+fidelity and singular devotion to this Apostolic See are admirably shown
+in the letter which we have lately received from you. Our pleasure in
+receiving it is indeed increased by the further knowledge which it gives
+us of your great vigilance and anxiety in a matter where no care can be
+too great; we mean the Christian education of your children, upon which
+you have lately taken counsel together, and have reported to us the
+decisions to which you came.
+
+In this work of so great moment, venerable brethren, we rejoice much to
+see that you do not work alone; for we know how much is due to the whole
+body of your clergy. With the greatest charity, and with unconquered
+efforts, they have provided schools for their children; and with
+wonderful diligence and assiduity, they endeavor by their teaching to
+form them to a Christian life, and to instruct them in the elements of
+knowledge. Wherefore, with all the encouragement and praise that our
+voice can give, we bid your clergy to go on in their meritorious work,
+and to be assured of our special commendation and good-will, looking
+forward to a far greater reward from our Lord God, for whose sake they
+are laboring.
+
+Not less worthy of commendation is the generosity of Catholics in this
+matter. We know how readily they supply what is needed for the
+maintenance of schools; not only those who are wealthy, but those, also,
+who are of slender means and poor; and it is beautiful to see how, often
+from the earnings of their poverty, they willingly contribute to the
+education of children.
+
+In these days, and in the present condition of the world, when the
+tender age of childhood is threatened on every side by so many and such
+various dangers, hardly anything can be imagined more fitting than the
+union with literary instruction of sound teaching in faith and morals.
+For this reason, we have more than once said that we strongly approve of
+the voluntary schools, which, by the work and liberality of private
+individuals, have been established in France, in Belgium, in America,
+and in the Colonies of the British Empire. We desire their increase, as
+much as possible, and that they may flourish in the number of their
+scholars. We ourselves also, seeing the condition of things in this
+city, continue, with the greatest effort and at great cost to provide an
+abundance of such schools for the children of Rome. For it is in, and
+by, these schools that the Catholic faith, our greatest and best
+inheritance, is preserved whole and entire. In these schools the liberty
+of parents is respected; and, what is most needed, especially in the
+prevailing license of opinion and of action, it is by these schools that
+good citizens are brought up for the State; for there is no better
+citizen than the man who has believed and practiced the Christian faith
+from his childhood. The beginning, and, as it were, the seed of that
+human perfection which Jesus Christ gave to mankind, are to be found in
+the Christian education of the young: for the future condition of the
+State depends upon the early training of its children. The wisdom of our
+forefathers, and the very foundations of the State, are ruined by the
+destructive error of those who would have children brought up without
+religious education. You see, therefore, venerable brethren, with what
+earnest forethought parents must beware of intrusting their children to
+schools in which they cannot receive religious teaching.
+
+In your country of Great Britain, we know that, besides yourselves, very
+many of your nation are not a little anxious about religious education.
+They do not in all things agree with us; nevertheless they see how
+important, for the sake both of society and of men individually, is the
+preservation of that Christian wisdom which your forefathers received,
+through St. Augustine, from our predecessor, Gregory the Great; which
+wisdom the violent tempests that came afterwards have not entirely
+scattered. There are, as we know, at this day, many of an excellent
+disposition of mind who are diligently striving to retain what they can
+of the ancient faith, and who bring forth many and great fruits of
+charity. As often as we think of this, so often are we deeply moved; for
+we love with a paternal charity that island which was not undeservedly
+called the Mother of Saints; and we see, in the disposition of mind of
+which we have spoken, the greatest hope, and, as it were, a pledge of
+the welfare and prosperity of the British people.
+
+Go on, therefore, venerable brethren, in making the young your chief
+care; press onward in every way your episcopal work, and cultivate with
+alacrity and hopefulness whatever good seeds you find; for God, who is
+rich in mercy, will give the increase.
+
+As a pledge of gifts from above, and in witness of our good-will, we
+lovingly grant in the Lord to you, and to the clergy and people
+committed to each one of you, the Apostolic Benediction.
+
+Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, on the 27th day of November, in the year
+1885, in the eighth year of our Pontificate.
+
+   LEO PP. XIII.
+
+
+BISHOP SPALDING ON STIMULANTS.--I hate drink, because it destroys the
+good in life. I find in my own experience that I am more myself, while
+under total abstinence, than when I was a moderate drinker. Life is
+sweeter, fonder, freer to me as a total abstainer than as a moderate
+drinker. So I say, if you want to get the most out of your life, if you
+want to sympathize with your fellow-man, to feel the true force of your
+beginning, abstain from alcoholic stimulants.
+
+
+
+
+Te Deum.
+
+The course of the general election has surpassed the most sanguine
+expectations of the Irish leader. Our success has been such as might
+well take our breath away with joy. The Irish race at home and in the
+stranger's land have risen to the height of the great crisis with a
+unity and soldier-like discipline absolutely unparalleled in the world's
+history, and their magnificent enthusiasm has swept all before it. Three
+grand results may already be chalked up, and they involve triumphs that
+a few years ago would have been deemed the ideal of crazy dreamers. The
+Nominal Home Rulers are effaced to a man. The once proud Irish Whig
+party, who for a quarter of a century held undisputed sway over the
+Irish representation, is literally annihilated. If Mr. Dickson should be
+a solitary survivor, he will survive not as a living force in Irish
+politics, but as the one bleak and woe-begone specimen now extant of a
+race of politicians who once swarmed over four-fifths of the
+constituencies of this island. The third great achievement of the
+election campaign, and the mightiest of all, is that the Irish vote in
+England has been proved to demonstration to be able to trim and balance
+English parties to its liking, and consequently to make the Irish vote
+in Ireland the supreme power in the English legislature. It is
+impossible to over-estimate the magnitude of these results. The causes
+of joy are absolutely bewildering in number. A few years ago, the
+National voice in Ireland was heard only as a faint, distant murmur at
+Westminster. It could only rumble under ground in Ireland, and every
+outward symptom of Irish disaffection could be suppressed with the iron
+hand without causing one quiver of uneasiness at Westminster, much less
+shaking Ministries and revolutionizing parties. Even at home Nationalism
+was a shunned creed. It was not respectable. The few exponents it
+occasionally sent to Parliament were regarded as oddities. The mass of
+the Irish representation were as thoroughly English party-men as if they
+were returned from Yorkshire. To-day what an enchanted transformation
+scene!
+
+A month since Mr. Parnell's party was but a fraction of the Irish
+representation. The Irish Whigs and Nominal Home Rulers combined
+outnumbered them, without counting the solid phalanx of Ulster Tories.
+Where are the three opposing factions to-day? The Nominal Home Rulers
+have died off without a groan. The Northern Whigs have committed suicide
+by one of the most infatuated strokes of folly ever recorded in
+political annals. The Tories have shrunk within the borders of one out
+of thirty-two counties in Ireland, with precarious outposts in three
+others; and they are beside themselves with exultation because they have
+managed to save Derry and Belfast themselves by a neck from the jaws of
+all-devouring Nationalism. Nor is the seizing possession of
+seven-eighths of the Irish representation the only or even the greatest
+fact of the day. The Nationalists have not only won, but over
+four-fifths of the country they have reduced their opponents to a
+laughing-stock in the tiny minorities in which the Loyal and Patriotic
+Union have obligingly exhibited them. The overwhelming character of the
+Nationalist victory would not have been a tithe so impressive had not
+our malignant enemies insisted upon coming out in the daylight in review
+order, and displaying their pigmy insignificance to a wondering world. A
+string of uncontested elections would have passed off monotonously
+unimaginatively. It would have been said the country was simply dumb and
+tame and terrorized. But the Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union have
+guarded us against any mistake of that sort. They valiantly spent their
+fifty thousand pounds in challenging the verdict of the country, and the
+country is answering in thunder-tones that will reverberate to the most
+distant times. Uncontested elections in Dublin City, for example, would
+have attracted but little notice. It was known that the Nationalists
+were in overwhelming strength on the register; but the croakers of the
+_Scotch Times and Express_ might still have exercised their imagination
+in bragging what wonders the loyalists might have performed, if they
+thought it worth while. But the Loyal and Patriotic Union heroically
+determined that national spirit in Dublin should not be allowed merely
+to smoulder for want of fuel. They determined to brand their faction
+with impotence in eternal black and white. They delivered their
+challenge with the insolence and malignity of their progenitors of the
+Penal Days, and the result was such a tornado of national feeling as
+never shook the Irish capital before; a tornado before which the pigmies
+who raised it are shivering in affright. Magnificent as are the results
+in Ireland, however, our countrymen in England have achieved the real
+marvels of the campaign. They have brought the towering Liberal majority
+tumbling like a house of cards. They have in fifty-five constituencies
+set up or knocked down English candidates like ninepins. With the one
+unhappy exception of Glasgow, where tenderness for a Scotch radical gave
+a seat to Mr. Mitchel-Henry, the superb discipline of the Irish
+electorate has extorted the homage as well as the consternation of
+English party managers. They have made Mr. Parnell as supreme between
+rival English parties as the Irish constituencies have effaced the Whig
+and Nominal factions who disputed his supremacy. Ten thousand times,
+well done, ye brave and faithful Irish exiles. On the day of Ireland's
+liberation you will deserve to rank high in the glorious roll of her
+deliverers.
+
+                                   _United Ireland_, Dublin.
+
+
+EIGHTY-SIX TO EIGHTEEN.--This is the way the Irish representation now
+stands, eighty-six men in favor of making Ireland a nation, eighteen
+wanting to keep her a province, and a province on which they can
+selfishly batten. The elections in every way have borne out the forecast
+of the Irish leaders, who calculated eighty-five as the minimum strength
+of the National party. Mr. Gladstone will now be gratified to learn that
+in response to his late Midlothian addresses, this nation has spoken out
+in a manner which cannot be falsified or gainsaid, demanding the
+restoration of its stolen Parliament. The loyalists, with all the power
+of England at their back, and money galore at their command, can point
+to only one whole county out of the thirty-two which has remained solid
+for the Union. Antrim alone sends up a solid Tory representation, and
+with it the only vestige that is left of the "Imperial Province" is
+some fragments of Down, Derry and Armagh--in all of which the
+Nationalists also have won a seat. On the other hand, in four Northern
+counties--Monaghan, Cavan, Fermanagh and Donegal, the loyalists have not
+carried a single division, and won only one out of four in Tyrone. How
+much more "unity" do the English want? The excuse hitherto has been that
+Home Rule could not be granted because Ireland was itself divided on the
+subject; but even that wretched pretence is now forever at an end, for
+almost since the dawn of history no such practical unanimity was ever
+shown by any nation.
+
+
+
+
+Rapidity of Time's Flight.
+
+
+Swiftly glide the years of our lives. They follow each other like the
+waves of the ocean. Memory calls up the persons we once knew--the scenes
+in which we were once actors. They appear before the mind like the
+phantoms of a night vision. Behold the boy rejoicing in the gayety of
+his soul. The wheels of Time cannot move too rapidly for him. The light
+of hope dances in his eyes; the smile of expectation plays with his
+lips. He looks forward to long years of joy to come; his spirit burns
+within him when he hears of great men and mighty deeds; he longs to
+mount the hill of ambition, to tread the path of honor, to hear the
+shouts of applause. Look at him again. He is now in the meridian of
+life; care has stamped its wrinkles upon his brow; disappointment has
+dimmed the lustre of his eye; sorrow has thrown its gloom upon his
+countenance. He looks backward upon the waking dreams of his youth, and
+sighs for their futility. Each revolving year seems to diminish
+something from his little stock of happiness, and discovers that the
+season of youth, when the pulse of anticipation beats high, is the only
+season of enjoyment. Who is he of aged locks? His form is bent and
+totters, his footsteps move but rapidly toward the tomb. He looks back
+upon the past; his days appear to have been few; the magnificence of the
+great is to him vanity; the hilarity of youth, folly; he considers how
+soon the gloom of death must overshadow the one and disappoint the
+other. The world presents little to attract and nothing to delight him.
+A few more years of infirmity, inanity and pain must consign him to
+idiocy or the grave. Yet this was the gay, the generous, the high-souled
+boy who beheld the ascending path of life strewn with flowers without a
+thorn. Such is human life; but such cannot be the ultimate destinies of
+man.
+
+
+The best education in the world is that got by struggling for a
+living.--_Wendell Phillips._
+
+
+
+
+Juvenile Department.
+
+CHOOSING OCCUPATIONS.
+
+
+   Five little girls sat down to talk one day beside the brook.
+   Miss Lizzie said when she grew up she meant to write a book;
+   And then the others had to laugh, till tears were in their eyes,
+   To think of Lizzie's writing books, and see her look so wise.
+   Miss Lucy said she always thought she'd like to teach a school,
+   And make the horrid, ugly boys obey her strictest rule.
+   Miss Minnie said she'd keep a shop where all the rest must buy,
+   And they agreed to patronize, if "prices weren't too high."
+   Miss Ada said she'd marry rich, and wear a diamond ring,
+   And give a party every night, "and never do a thing!"
+   But Nellie, youngest of them all, shook out each tumbled curl,
+   And said she'd always stay at home, and be her mother's girl.
+
+
+A CHILD AND A WASP.
+
+Among the passengers on a train going West, was a very much over-dressed
+woman, accompanied by a bright-looking Irish nurse girl, who had charge
+of a self-willed, tyrannical two-year-old boy, of whom the over-dressed
+woman was plainly the mother. The mother occupied a seat by herself. The
+nurse and child were in a seat immediately in front of her. The child
+gave frequent exhibitions of temper, and kept the car filled with such
+vicious yells and shrieks, that there was a general feeling of savage
+indignation among the passengers. Although he time and again spat in his
+nurse's face, scratched her hands until the blood came, and tore at her
+hair and bonnet, she bore with him patiently. The indignation of the
+passengers was made the greater because the child's mother made no
+effort to correct or quiet him, but, on the contrary, sharply chided the
+nurse whenever she manifested any firmness. Whatever the boy yelped for,
+the mother's cry was, uniformly: "Let him have it, Mary." The feelings
+of the passengers had been wrought up to the boiling point. The remark
+was made: audibly here and there that "it would be worth paying for to
+have the young one chucked out of the window." The hopeful's mother was
+not moved by the very evident annoyance the passengers felt, and at last
+fixed herself down in her seat for a comfortable nap. The child had just
+slapped the nurse in her face for the hundredth time, and was preparing
+for a fresh attack, when a wasp came from somewhere in the car and flew
+against the window of the nurse's seat. The boy at once made a dive for
+the wasp as it struggled upward on the glass. The nurse quickly caught
+his hand, and said to him coaxingly: "Harry, mustn't touch! Bug will
+bite Harry!" Harry gave a savage yell, and began to kick and slap the
+nurse. The mother awoke from her nap. She heard her son's screams, and,
+without lifting her head or opening her eyes, she cried out sharply to
+the nurse: "Why will you tease that child so, Mary? Let him have it at
+once!" Mary let go of Harry. She settled back in her seat with an air of
+resignation; but there was a sparkle in her eye. The boy clutched at the
+wasp, and finally caught it. The yell that followed caused joy to the
+entire car, for every eye was on the boy. The mother woke again. "Mary,"
+she cried, "let him have it!" Mary turned calmly in her seat, and with a
+wicked twinkle in her eye said: "Sure, he's got it, ma'am!" This brought
+the car down. Every one in it roared. The child's mother rose up in her
+seat with a jerk. When she learned what the matter was, she pulled her
+boy over the back of the seat, and awoke some sympathy for him by laying
+him across her knee and warming him nicely. In ten minutes he was as
+quiet and meek as a lamb, and he never opened his head again until the
+train reached its destination.
+
+
+THE PREHENSILE TAILED COENDOU.
+
+The Havre aquarium has just put on exhibition one of the most curious,
+and especially one of the rarest, of animals--the prehensile tailed
+coendou (_Synetheres prehensilis_). It was brought from Venezuela by Mr.
+Equidazu, the commissary of the steamer _Colombie_.
+
+Brehm says that never but two have been seen--one of them at the Hamburg
+zoological garden, and the other at London. The one under consideration,
+then, would be the third specimen that has been brought alive to Europe.
+
+This animal, which is allied to the porcupines, is about three and a
+half feet long. The tail alone, is one and a half feet in length. The
+entire body, save the belly and paws, is covered with quills, which
+absolutely hide the fur. Upon the back, where these quills are longest
+(about four inches), they are strong, cylindrical, shining,
+sharp-pointed, white at the tip and base, and blackish-brown in the
+middle. The animal, in addition, has long and strong mustaches. The
+paws, anterior and posterior, have four fingers armed with strong nails,
+which are curved, and nearly cylindrical at the base.
+
+Very little is known about the habits of the animal. All that we do know
+is, that it passes the day in slumber at the top of a tree, and that it
+prowls about at night, its food consisting chiefly of leaves of all
+kinds. When it wishes to descend from one branch to another, it suspends
+itself by the tail, and lets go of the first only when it has a firm
+hold of the other.
+
+One peculiarity is that the extremity of the dorsal part of the tail is
+prehensile. This portion is deprived of quills for a length of about six
+inches.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The coendou does not like to be disturbed. When it is, it advances
+toward the intruder, and endeavors to frighten him by raising its quills
+all over its body. The natives of Central America eat its flesh and
+employ its quills for various domestic purposes.
+
+The animal is quite extensively distributed throughout South America. It
+is found in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, and in some of the
+Lesser Antilles, such as Trinidad, Barbados, Saint Lucia, etc.
+
+
+LITTLE QUEEN PET AND HER KINGDOM.
+
+With these words the stranger vanished, and Pet trotted on her way
+again, with the clock and key in her pocket.
+
+She had not gone far till she began to notice a great many little cabins
+and cottages about the country, which looked very bare and
+uncomfortable. "Surely these must belong to the poor!" she thought; "and
+I daresay that is a very poor man who is following the plough over in
+that field."
+
+She walked across the meadows until she reached the ploughman, and
+having noticed that his clothing was very bad indeed, and that he looked
+worn and sad, she formed her wish, and the next moment she was following
+the plough as if she had been at it all her life. She had passed
+completely into the man; there was not a vestige of her left outside of
+him; she felt her hands quite hard and horny; she took great long steps
+over the rough ground; she cried "Gee-up!" to the horses; and she knew
+very well if she could only look into a glass she should see, not Pet
+any more, but the sunburnt man toiling after his plough. She was quite
+bewildered by the change at first, but presently she began to interest
+herself greatly in all the new thoughts that poured into her mind. After
+a time she quite lost sight of her old self, and felt _that she was the
+man_. She put her horny hand in her pocket, and found that the clock and
+key were there safely, and this consoled her with the thought that she
+was not hopelessly buried in the ploughman. When the sun went down she
+stopped ploughing and went home to a little cottage which was hidden
+among some bushes in a field.
+
+Half a dozen little hungry children, with poor, scanty clothing came
+running to meet her.
+
+"Oh, father!" they cried, "mother has been so ill to-day, and neighbor
+Nancy says she will never get well without some wine to make her
+strong!"
+
+The ploughman groaned at hearing this. "Ah," thought he, "where can I
+get money for wine? I can scarcely earn food enough for so many; and who
+will give me wine?"
+
+Pet was greatly distressed at finding these painful thoughts throbbing
+through and through her. "At home in my palace," she said, "everybody
+drinks a bottle of wine a day, and they are not sick, and are all
+strong. I must see about this afterwards." Then she went into the
+cottage, and the first thing she did was to take the clock out of her
+pocket and wind it up with the little key, and hang it on a nail on the
+wall.
+
+"What is that you have got?" said the poor woman from her straw bed.
+
+"Oh, it is a clock that a gentleman made me a present of," said the
+ploughman.
+
+The eldest girl now poured out some porridge on a plate and set it down
+before her father. Pet was very hungry, and was glad of anything she
+could get; but she did not like the porridge, and thought that it was
+very different indeed from the food she got at home. But while she was
+eating, the poor man's thoughts quite overwhelmed her.
+
+"What is to become of them all?" he thought. "I have ten children, and
+my wages are so small, and food and clothing are so dear. When the poor
+wife was well, she used to look after the cow and poultry, and turn a
+little penny, but now she is not able, and I fear----"
+
+"Oh, father! father! the cow is dead!" cried four boys, rushing into the
+cottage.
+
+And the poor man bowed his head on the table and groaned.
+
+"Why, this is dreadful!" thought Pet. "Is this really the sort of thing
+that poor people suffer. How I wish the month was up that I might do
+something for them!" And she tried to glance at the clock, but could
+not, because the man kept his eyes bent on the ground.
+
+Pet was kept awake all that night by the ploughman's sad thoughts, and
+very early in the morning she was hard at work again, carrying a heavy
+heart with her all about the fields. Day after day this went on, and she
+was often very hungry, and very sad at hearing the complaints of the
+hungry children, and seeing the pale face of the sick woman. Every day
+things became worse. The ploughman got into debt through trying to
+procure a little wine to save his wife's life, and when rent-day came
+round he had not enough money to pay. Just as things arrived at this
+state, the clock ran down, and Pet, who had taken care to put it in her
+pocket that morning along with the key, suddenly found her own self
+standing alone in the field, watching the poor ploughman following his
+plough, exactly as she had at first beheld him. She at once began
+running away as fast as she could, when she was stopped by her friend
+Time, who stood in her path.
+
+"Where are you running to now?" asked he.
+
+"I am hurrying home to my palace to get money, and wine, and everything
+for these poor people!" cried Pet.
+
+"Gently!" said Time, "I cannot allow it so soon. You must continue your
+experiences and trust the poor ploughman and his family to me; I will
+take care of them till you are able to do something for them. Were you
+to go back to your palace now, you would be kept there, and I should no
+longer be able to stand your friend; on the contrary, I might, perhaps,
+against my will, be forced to prove your enemy. Go on now, and remember
+my instructions."
+
+And he vanished again.
+
+Pet travelled a long way after this, and as she had to beg on the road
+for a little food and a night's lodging, she had very good opportunities
+for seeing the kindness with which the poor behave to each other.
+Mothers, who had hardly enough for their own children to eat, would give
+her a piece of bread without grumbling. At last, one evening, she
+arrived at a splendid large city, and felt quite bewildered with the
+crowds in the streets and the magnificence of the buildings. At first
+she could not see any people who looked very poor; but at last, when
+lingering in front of a very handsome shop window, she noticed a
+shabbily-dressed young girl go in at a side door, and something about
+her sad face made Pet think that this girl was in great distress. She
+formed her wish, and presently found that _she_, _Pet_, _was the girl_.
+Up a great many flights of stairs she went, passed gay show-rooms where
+fine ladies were trying on new dresses, and at last she arrived at a
+workroom where many white-faced girls were sewing busily with their
+heads bent down. The little seamstress, who was now one with Pet, had
+been out matching silks for the forewoman of the work, and now she sat
+down with a bright heap of satin on her knees. "Oh, dear!" thought Pet,
+as she threaded her needle, "how very heavy her heart is! I can hardly
+hold it up; and how weak she is? I feel as if she was going to faint!"
+And then Pet became quite occupied with the seamstress's thoughts as she
+had been once with the ploughman's. She went home to the girl's lodging,
+a wretched garret at the top of a wretched house, and there she found a
+poor old woman, the young girl's grandmother, and a little boy asleep on
+some straw. The poor old woman could not sleep with cold, though her
+good grand-daughter covered her over with her own clothes. Pet took care
+to hang up her clock, newly wound, as soon as she went in; and the poor
+old woman was so blind she did not take any notice of it. And, oh, what
+painful dreams Pet had that night in the girl's brain! This poor child's
+heart was torn to pieces by just the same kind of grief and terror which
+had distracted the mind of the ploughman: grief at seeing those she
+loved suffering want in spite of all her exertions for them, terror lest
+they should die of that suffering for need of something that she could
+not procure them. The little boy used to cry with hunger; the young
+seamstress often went to work without having had any breakfast, and with
+only a crust of bread in her pocket. It was a sad time for Pet, and she
+thought it would never pass over. At last, one day the poor girl fell
+ill, and Pet found herself lying on some straw in the corner of the
+garret, burning with fever, and no one near to help her. The poor old
+woman could only weep and mourn; and the boy, who was too young to get
+work to do, sat beside her in despair. Pet heard him say to himself at
+last, "I will go and beg; she told me not, but I must do something for
+her." And away he went but came back sobbing. Nobody would give him
+anything; everybody told him he ought to be at school. "And so I should
+be if she were well," he cried; "but I can't go and leave her here to
+die!" The sufferings of the poor girl were greatly increased by her
+brother's misery; and what was her horror when she heard him mutter
+suddenly: "I will go and steal something. The shops are full of
+everything. I _won't_ let her die!" Then before she had time to stop him
+he had darted out of the room.
+
+Just at this moment Pet's clock ran down, and she flew off, forgetting
+Time's commands, and only bent on reaching her palace. But her strange
+friend appeared in her path as before.
+
+"Oh, _don't_ stop me!" cried Pet. "The girl will die, and the boy will
+turn out a thief!"
+
+"Leave them to me! leave them to me!" said Time, "and go on obediently
+doing as I bid you."
+
+Pet went away in tears this time, still fancying she could feel the poor
+sick girl's woful heart beating in her own breast. But by-and-by she
+cheered herself, remembering Time's promise, and hurried on as fast as
+she could. She met with a great many sad people after this, and lived a
+great many different lives, so that she became quite familiar with all
+the sorrows and difficulties of the poor. She reflected that it was a
+very sad thing that there should be so much distress in her rich
+kingdom, and felt much puzzled to know how she could remedy the matter.
+One day, having just left an extremely wretched family, she travelled a
+long way without stopping, and she had not seen a very poor-looking
+dwelling for many miles. All the people she met seemed happy and merry,
+and they sang over their work as if they had very little care. When she
+peeped into the little roadside houses she found that they were neatly
+furnished and comfortable. Even in the towns she could not find any
+starving people, except a few wicked ones who would not take the trouble
+to be industrious. At last she asked a man what was the reason that she
+could not meet with any miserable people?
+
+"Oh," he said, "it is because of our good king; his laws are so wise
+that nobody is allowed to want."
+
+"Where does he live? and what country is this?" asked Pet.
+
+"This is Silver-country," said the man, "and our king lives over yonder
+in a castle built of blocks of silver ornamented with rubies and
+pearls."
+
+Pet then remembered that she had heard her nurses talk about
+Silver-country, which was the neighboring country to her own. She
+immediately longed to see this wise king and learn his laws, so that she
+might know how to behave when she came to sit on her throne, and she
+trotted on towards the Silver Castle, which now began to rise out of a
+wreath of clouds in the distance. Arrived at the place, she crept up to
+the windows of the great dining-hall and peeped in, and there was the
+good king sitting at his table in a mantle of cloth of silver, and a
+glorious crown, wrought most exquisitely out of the good wishes of his
+people, encircling his head. Opposite to him sat his beautiful queen,
+and beside him a noble-looking lad who was his only son. Pet, seeing
+this happy sight, immediately formed her wish, and in another moment
+found herself the king of Silver-country sitting at the head of his
+board.
+
+"Oh, what a good, great, warm, happy heart it is," thought Pet, and she
+felt more joy than she had ever known in her life before. "A month will
+be quite too short a time to live in this noble being. But I must make
+the best of my time and learn everything I can."
+
+Pet now found her mind filled with the most wonderfully good, wise
+thoughts, and she took great pains to learn them off by heart, so that
+she might keep them in her memory forever. Besides all the education she
+received in this way, she also enjoyed a great happiness, of which she
+had as yet known nothing, the happiness of living in a loving family,
+where there was no terrible sorrow or fear to embitter tender hearts.
+She felt how fondly the king loved his only son, and how sweet it was to
+the king to know that his boy loved him. When the young prince leaned
+against his father's knees and told him all about his sports, Pet would
+remember that she also had had a father, and that he would have loved
+her like this if he had lived. She could have lived here in the Silver
+Castle forever, but that could not be. One day the little gold clock ran
+down and Pet was obliged to hasten away out of Silver-country.
+
+She made great efforts to remember all the king's wise thoughts, and
+kept repeating his good laws over and over again to herself as she went
+along. She was now back again in her own country, and the first person
+she met was a very miserable-looking old woman who lived in a little mud
+hovel in a forest, and supported herself wretchedly by gathering a few
+sticks for sale. She was so weak, and so often ill that she could not
+earn much, and she was dreadfully lonely, as all her children were dead
+but one; and that one, a brave son whom she loved dearly, had gone away
+across the world in hope of making money for her. He had never come
+back, and she feared that he too was dead. Pet did not know these
+things, of course, until she had formed her wish and was living in the
+old woman.
+
+This was the saddest existence that Pet had experienced yet, and she
+felt very anxious for the month to pass away. After the happiness she
+had enjoyed in Silver-country, the excessive hardship and loneliness of
+the old woman's life seemed very hard to bear. All day long she wandered
+about the woods, picking up sticks and tying them in little bundles,
+and, perhaps, in the end she would only receive a penny for the work of
+her day. Some days she could not leave her hut, and would lie there
+alone without anything to eat.
+
+"Oh, my son, my dear son!" she would cry, "where are you now, and will
+you ever come back to me?"
+
+Pet watched her clock very eagerly, longing for the month to come to an
+end; but the clock still kept going and going, as if it never meant to
+stop. For a good while Pet thought that it was only because of her
+unhappiness and impatience that the time seemed so long, but at last she
+discovered to her horror that her key was lost!
+
+All her searches for it proved vain. It was quite evident that the key
+must have dropped through a hole in the old woman's tattered pocket, and
+fallen somewhere among the heaps of dried leaves, or into the wilderness
+of the brushwood of the forest.
+
+"Tick, tick! tick, tick!" went that unmerciful clock from its perch on
+the wall, all through the long days and nights, and poor Pet was in
+despair at the thought of living locked up in the old woman all her
+life. Now, indeed, she could groan most heartily when the old woman
+groaned, and shed bitter tears which rolled plentifully down the old
+woman's wrinkled cheeks and over her nose.
+
+"Oh, Time, Time, my friend!" she thought, "will you not come to my
+assistance?"
+
+But though Time fully intended to stand her friend all through her
+troubles, still he did not choose to help her at that particular moment.
+And so days, weeks and months went past; and then the years began to go
+over, and Pet was still locked up in the miserable old woman.
+
+Seven years had passed away and Pet had become in some degree reconciled
+to her sorrowful existence. She wandered about the forest picking up her
+sticks, and trying to cheer herself up a little by gathering bouquets of
+the pretty forest flowers. People passing by often saw the sad figure,
+all in gray hair and tatters, sitting on a trunk of a fallen tree,
+wailing and moaning, and, of course, they thought it was altogether the
+poor old woman lamenting for her son. They never thought of its being
+also Pet, bewailing her dreary imprisonment.
+
+One fine spring morning she went out as usual to pick her sticks, and
+looking up from her work, she saw suddenly a beautiful, noble-looking
+young figure on horseback spring up in a distant glade of violets, and
+come riding towards her as if out of a dream. As the youth came near she
+recognized his bright blue eyes and his silver mantle, and she said to
+herself:
+
+"Oh! I declare, it is the young Prince of Silver-country; only he has
+grown so tall! He has been growing all these years, and is quite a young
+man. And I ought to have been growing too; but I am left behind, only a
+child still: if, indeed, I ever come to stop being an old woman!"
+
+"Will you tell me, my good woman," said the young prince, "if you have
+heard of any person who has lost a little gold key in this forest. I
+have found--"
+
+Pet screamed with delight at these words.
+
+"Oh, give it to me, give it to me!" she implored. "It is mine! It is
+mine!"
+
+The prince gave it to her, and no sooner did it touch her hand than the
+clock ran down, and Pet was released from her imprisonment in the old
+woman. Instantly the young prince saw before him a lovely young maiden
+of his own age, for Pet had really been growing all the time though she
+had not known it. The old woman also stared in amazement, not knowing
+where the lady could have come from, and the prince begged Pet to tell
+him who she was, and how she had come there so suddenly. Then all three,
+the prince, Pet, and the old woman, sat upon the trunk of a tree while
+Pet related the story of her life and its adventures.
+
+The old woman was so frightened at the thought that another person had
+been living in her for seven years that she got quite ill; however, the
+prince made her a present of a bright gold coin, and this helped to
+restore her peace of mind.
+
+"And so you lived a whole month among us and we never knew you?" cried
+the prince, in astonishment and delight. "Oh, I hope we shall never part
+again, now that we have met!"
+
+"I hope we shan't!" said Pet; "and won't you come home with me now and
+settle with my Government? for I am dreadfully afraid of it."
+
+So he lifted Pet up on his horse, and she sat behind him; then they bade
+good-by to the old woman, promising not to forget her, and rode off
+through the forests and over the fields to the palace of the kings and
+queens of Goldenlands.
+
+Oh, dear, how delighted the people were to see their little queen coming
+home again. The Government had been behaving dreadfully all this long
+time, and had been most unkind to the kingdom. Everybody knew it was
+really Pet, because she had grown so like her mother, whom they had all
+loved; and besides they quite expected to see her coming, as messengers
+had been sent into all the corners of the world searching for her. As
+these messengers had been gone about eight or nine years, the people
+thought it was high time for Queen Pet to appear. The cruel Government,
+however, was in a great fright, as it had counted on being allowed to go
+on reigning for many years longer, and it ran away in a hurry out of the
+back door of the palace, and escaped to the other side of the world;
+where, as nobody knew anything of its bad ways, it was able to begin
+life over again under a new name.
+
+Just at the same moment a fresh excitement broke out among the joyful
+people when it was known that thirty-five of the queen's royal names,
+lost on the day of her christening, had been found at last. And where do
+you think they were found? One had dropped into a far corner of the
+waistcoat pocket of the old clerk, who had been so busy saying "Amen,"
+that he had not noticed the accident. Only yesterday, while making a
+strict search for a small morsel of tobacco to replenish his pipe, had
+he discovered the precious name. Twenty-five more of the names had
+rolled into a mouse-hole, where they had lain snugly hidden among
+generations of young mice ever since; six had been carried off by a most
+audacious sparrow who had built his nest in the rafters of the
+church-roof; and none of these thirty-one names would ever have seen the
+light again only that repairs and decorations were getting made in the
+old building for the coronation of the queen. Last of all, four names
+were brought to the palace by young girls of the village, whose mothers
+had stolen them through vanity on the day of the christening, thinking
+they would be pretty for their own little babes. The girls being now
+grown up had sense enough to know that such finery was not becoming to
+their station; and, besides, they did not see the fun of having names
+which they were obliged to keep secret. So Nancy, Polly, Betsy, and Jane
+(the names they had now chosen instead) brought back their stolen goods
+and restored them to the queen's own hand. The fate of the remaining
+names still remains a mystery.
+
+Now, I daresay, you are wondering what these curious names could have
+been; all I can tell you about them is, that they were very long and
+grand, and hard to pronounce; for, if I were to write them down here for
+you, they would cover a great many pages, and interrupt the story quite
+too much. At all events, they did very well for a queen to be crowned
+by; but I can assure you that nobody who loved the little royal lady
+ever called her anything but Pet.
+
+Well, after this, Pet and the Prince of Silver-country put their heads
+together, and made such beautiful laws that poverty and sorrow vanished
+immediately out of Goldenlands. All the people in whom Pet had lived
+were brought to dwell near the palace, and were made joyous and
+comfortable for the rest of their lives. A special honor was conferred
+on the families of the spiders and the butterfly, who had so
+good-naturedly come to the assistance of the little queen. The old gowns
+were taken out of the wardrobe and given to those who needed them; and
+very much delighted they were to see the light again, though some of the
+poor things had suffered sadly from the moths since the day when they
+had made their complaint to Pet. Full occupation was given to the money
+and the bread-basket; and, in fact, there was not a speck of discontent
+to be found in the whole kingdom.
+
+This being so, there was now leisure for the great festival of the
+marriage and coronation of Queen Pet and the Prince. Such a magnificent
+festival never was heard of before. All the crowned heads of the world
+were present, and among them appeared Pet's old friend Time, dressed up
+so that she scarcely knew him, with a splendid embroidered mantle
+covering his poor bare bones.
+
+"Ah," he said to Pet, "you were near destroying all our plans by your
+carelessness in losing the key! However, I managed to get you out of the
+scrape. See now that you prove a good, obedient wife, and a loving
+mother to all your people, and, if you do, be sure I shall always remain
+your friend, and get you safely out of all your troubles."
+
+"Oh, thank you!" said Pet; "you have, indeed, been a good friend to me.
+But--I never found that jewel that you bid me look for. I quite forgot
+about it!"
+
+"I am having it set in your Majesty's crown," said Time, with a low bow.
+
+Then the rejoicings began; and between ringing of bells, cheering,
+singing, and clapping of hands, there was such an uproarious din of
+delight in Goldenlands that I had to put my fingers in my ears and run
+away! I am very glad, however, that I stayed long enough to pick up this
+story for you; and I hope that my young friends will
+
+   "Never forget
+   Little Queen Pet,
+   Who was kind to all
+   The poor people she met!"
+
+                                            ROSA MULHOLLAND.
+
+
+IN THE SNOW.
+
+   Brave little robins,
+     Cheerily singing,
+   Fear not the snow-storms
+     Winter is bringing.
+
+   Each to the other
+     Music is making,
+   Courage and comfort
+     Giving and taking.
+
+   "What," cries Cock Robin,
+     "Matters the weather,
+   Since we can always
+     Bear it together?"
+
+   "Sweet," his mate answers,
+     Ever brave-hearted,
+   "None need be pitied
+     Till they are parted."
+
+
+On the other side of the Atlantic, the little boys used not to celebrate
+Christmas by blowing unmelodious horns. They would assemble in gangs
+before their elder friends, and sing such Christmas Carols as the
+following, which seldom failed to bring the coveted Christmas gift:
+
+   "God save you, merry gentlemen,
+     Let nothing you dismay,
+   For Christ Our Lord and Saviour
+     Was born on Christmas Day."
+
+
+A LITTLE BOY'S GREETING.
+
+   Behold a very little boy
+     Who wishes to you here,
+   In simple words of heartfelt joy
+     A happy, bright New Year.
+
+   May heaven grant your days increase
+     With joys ne'er known before;
+   In simple words of heartfelt joy
+     To-day and ever more.
+
+
+
+
+BOYS READ THIS.
+
+
+Many people seem to forget that character grows; that it is not
+something to put on ready made with womanhood or manhood; day by day,
+here a little and there a little, grows with the growth, and strengthens
+with the strength, until, good or bad, it becomes almost a coat of mail.
+Look at a man of business--prompt, reliable, conscientious, yet
+clear-headed and energetic. When do you suppose he developed all those
+admirable qualities? When he was a boy. Let us see how a boy of ten
+years gets up in the morning, works, plays, studies, and we will tell
+you just what kind of a man he will make. The boy that is late at
+breakfast, late at school, stands a poor chance of being a prompt man.
+The boy who neglects his duties, be they ever so small, and then excuses
+himself by saying, "I forgot; I didn't think!" will never be a reliable
+man; and the boy who finds a pleasure in the suffering of weaker things
+will never become a noble, generous, kind man--a gentleman.
+
+HOUSE KNOWLEDGE FOR BOYS.
+
+The Governor of Massachusetts, in an address before the Worcester
+Technical School, June 25th, said some words that are worthy of noting.
+He said: "I thank my mother that she taught me both to sew and to knit.
+Although my domestic life has always been felicitous, I have, at times,
+found this knowledge very convenient. A man who knows how to do these
+things, at all times honorable and sometimes absolutely necessary to
+preserve one's integrity, is ten times more patient when calamity
+befalls than one who has not these accomplishments."
+
+A commendation of "girls' work" from such an authority emboldens the
+writer to add a word in favor of teaching boys how to do work that may
+be a relief to a nervous, sick, worried, and overworked mother or wife,
+and be of important and instant use in emergencies. A hungry man who
+cannot prepare his food, a dirty man who cannot clean his clothes, a
+dilapidated man who is compelled to use a shingle nail for a sewed-on
+button, is a helpless and pitiable object. There are occasions in almost
+every man's life when to know how to cook, to sew, to "keep the house,"
+to wash, starch, and iron, would be valuable knowledge. Such knowledge
+is no more unmasculine and effeminate than that of the professional
+baker.
+
+"During the great Civil War, the forethought of my mother in teaching me
+the mysteries of household work was a 'sweet boon,' as the late Artemus
+Ward would say. The scant products of foraging when on the march could
+be turned to appetizing food by means of the knowledge acquired in
+boyhood, and a handy use of needle and thread was a valuable
+accomplishment."
+
+Circumstances of peculiar privation compelled the writer, as head of a
+helpless family, to undertake the entire work. The instruction of
+boyhood enabled him to cook, wash, starch, iron, wait on the sick, and
+do the necessary menial labor of the house in a measurably cleanly and
+quiet manner. This knowledge is in no way derogatory to the assumptive
+superiority of the male portion of humanity; a boy who knows how to
+sweep, to "tidy up," to make a bed, to wash dishes, to set a table, to
+cook, to sew, to knit, to mend, to wait on the sick, to do chamber work,
+is none the less a boy; and he may be a more considerate husband, and
+will certainly be a more independent bachelor, than without this
+practical knowledge. Let the boys be taught housework; it is better than
+playing "seven up" in a saloon.
+
+
+THE BEAN KING.
+
+In the year 1830, the feast of the Epiphany was celebrated at the court
+of Charles X., according to the old Catholic custom. For the last time
+under the reign of this monarch one of these ceremonies was that a cake
+should be offered to the assembled guests, in which a bean had been
+concealed, and whoever found that he had taken the piece containing the
+bean was called the bean-king, and had to choose a queen. Besides the
+king, there were several members of both lines of the house of Bourbon
+at the table. The Duke of Aumale distributed the cake. All at once the
+Duke de Chartres called out:
+
+"The Duke of Bordeaux (Chambord) is king."
+
+"Why did you not say so, Henry?" the Duchess de Berry asked her son.
+
+"Because I was sorry to be more fortunate than the others," replied the
+prince.
+
+The little king chose his aunt, the Duchess of Orleans, for his queen of
+the day.
+
+The accession of the little king was made known to the people without,
+and shouts of joy filled the streets of Paris. Charles X. was well
+pleased, and asked many questions of the little Duke de Bordeaux, the
+answers from a boy of ten years old already showing his noble character.
+
+"As you are now a king, Henry, which of your predecessors do you propose
+to imitate?"
+
+"I will be good like you, grandpapa, firm like Henry IV., and mighty
+like Louis XIV.," replied Henry, after some consideration.
+
+"And whom would you name as your prime-minister?" asked the king again.
+
+"The one who flattered me least."
+
+"And for your private adviser?"
+
+"The one who always tells me the truth--the Baron von Damas."
+
+"Very good, Henry," interposed his mother, "but what would you ask of
+God in order that you might be able to reign well?"
+
+"Mamma, for firmness and justice."
+
+Providence has not willed that the Duke de Chambord should realize the
+ideas of the Bean king; but for the whole of his life he remained true
+to the promise of his youth.
+
+
+GO TO WORK, YOUNG MAN!
+
+The present age seems to be very prolific in the production of numbers
+of young men who have somehow or other, educated themselves up to the
+belief that they were created to make their living by doing nothing.
+Every city, town, and village in the land is filled to overflowing with
+young men who are idle--hunting clerkships, or some place where they
+hope to obtain a living without work. Numbers are hanging around, living
+from hand to mouth, living upon some friend, waiting for a vacancy in
+some overcrowded store; and, when a vacancy occurs, offering to work for
+a salary that would cause a shrewd business man to suspect their
+honesty; and when remonstrated with by friends, and advised to go to
+work, they invariably answer, "I don't know what to do."
+
+We would say to these who want to know what to do, go to work. There is
+work enough to do by which you can earn an honest living and gain the
+respect of all those whose respect is worth seeking. Quit loafing about,
+waiting and looking for a clerkship in a store with a wheelbarrow-load
+of goods. Get out into the country on a farm, and go to work. What to
+do? Why, in the Mississippi bottoms there are thousands of acres of
+virgin growth awaiting the stroke of the hardy axe-man, and thousands of
+acres of tillable-land that need only the work of the sturdy plowman to
+yield its treasures, richer far than the mines of the Black Hills; and
+yet you say you don't know what to do?
+
+Go to work--go to the woods--go to the fields--and make an honest
+living; for we have in our mind's eye numbers of men whose talents are
+better suited to picking cotton, than measuring calico; to cutting cord
+wood than weighing sugar; to keeping up fencing, than books, and to
+hauling rails, than dashing out whiskey by the drink; and we can assure
+you that the occupations you are better adapted for are much more
+honorable in the eyes of persons whose respect is worth having.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A little girl asked her father one day to taste a most delicious apple.
+What remained was ruefully inspected a moment, when she asked: "Do you
+know, papa, how I can tell you are big without looking at you?"--"I
+cannot say," was the reply. "I can tell by the bite you took out of my
+apple," was the crushing reply.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+BOSTON, FEBRUARY, 1886.
+
+
+NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.
+
+
+The Poles.
+
+We have been taught from our boyhood days to regard the Polish people as
+second to none in obedience to their church; except the Irish, they have
+suffered more for the Faith than any other peoples in Europe. We are,
+therefore, grieved to see in some of our Western cities a spirit of
+rebellion unworthy of the sons of De Kalb and Kosciusko. There is
+something radically wrong. In the following article, from our esteemed
+contemporary, the _Lake Shore Visitor_, published at Erie, Pa., the
+editor hints at the causes of the troubles, which, we trust, may be
+corrected by the ordinaries of the dioceses where the troubles have
+occurred. The _Visitor_ says: The Poles, who seek a living in this
+country, are men determined to make times lively in their old country
+fashion. In Buffalo, Detroit, and other cities, they have turned out in
+fighting trim, and expressed a loud determination to have things
+ecclesiastically their own way or perish. These church riots are a
+scandal, and, if the truth were known, they have their origin in nine
+cases out of ten in the encouragement and conduct of the men who are
+placed over these people as pastors. A bad priest can make mischief,
+and, generally speaking, a bad priest can not make his condition any
+worse by making all the trouble he possibly can. If he knew anything at
+all he should know that he can hope to gain nothing by inciting a set of
+ignorant people to riot. In Buffalo the fuss had its origin from a
+clerical source, and in Detroit a man with an outlandish name, whom the
+herd seem to admire, is acting anything but prudently. Perhaps only
+one-half of what is sent over the wires can be regarded as true, but
+even that would be bad enough. The Poles by their conduct are not making
+for themselves an enviable name; and they will soon be regarded, even by
+the civil authorities, as a rebellious people. Surely, in this free
+country, they can have nothing to complain of. They have all the rights
+and privileges that other men have, and if they were sufficiently
+sensible to mind their own affairs and take care of themselves, they
+would get along quietly, and soon make their influence felt. They cannot
+expect a free church, nor can they expect that any priest who is not
+what he should be will be allowed to lead them astray. When a bishop
+sees fit to make a change, these people should regard the action of the
+bishop as a move made in their interests, and should not only be willing
+to submit, but even pleased to see that such an interest is taken in
+them. When people such as they are, or any other for that matter,
+undertake to pronounce on the fitness of a pastor they, as Catholics,
+know they are going too far. In their youth they were taught the
+Catechism, and that little book certainly tells them whence the approval
+must come. The riot in Detroit will not, in all probability, amount to
+anything; but the few who were killed or hurt, will rest upon some one's
+shoulders as a responsibility, and that load cannot be very suddenly
+laid down. Unfortunately, for the poor people, they are not blessed,
+generally speaking, with the guidance of the good priests they knew in
+their own country, and having too much confidence in every man who
+claims to be a priest, they are easily led by the designer. The danger
+will pass over in a few years, when the Polish churches will be supplied
+with men as priests every way reliable, and men not forced from any
+country to seek a livelihood amongst strangers.
+
+
+The Catholic Mirror.
+
+The _Catholic Mirror_ of Baltimore, Md., is now the leading Catholic
+journal of the United States. Its recent achievement in being the first
+paper to publish the Pope's Encyclical _Immortale Dei_ was something
+remarkable. Its Roman correspondent is a gentleman in the inner circles
+of the spiritual authorities of the church, while its Irish
+correspondent enjoys the confidence of the National party leaders. Among
+its special contributors is numbered Dr. John Gilmary Shea. In all
+respects it is a model Catholic newspaper, and it promises further
+improvements for this year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Shortly after we commenced the publication of our MAGAZINE, we received
+a similar letter to the following from Mr. P. S. Gilmore. After more
+than a quarter of a century's acquaintance, the friendship of our old
+friend is as fresh as ever. His congratulations, we assure him, are
+cordially reciprocated:
+
+                                    NEW YORK, DEC. 19, 1885.
+
+MY DEAR MR. DONAHOE:--Enclosed please find check for $10.00 which place
+to credit for MAGAZINE, and may I have the pleasure of renewing it many,
+many times, to which, I am sure, you will say, "Amen," which is equal to
+saying, "Long life to both of us." Wishing you a merry Christmas and
+many a happy New Year, I remain, dear Mr. Donahoe, always and ever,
+
+                               Sincerely yours,
+                                      P. S. GILMORE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RT. REV. JAMES A. HEALY, Bishop of Portland, Me., sailed for Europe in
+the Allan Steamer Parisian, from Portland, (accompanied by his brother,
+Rev. Patrick Healy), on the 31st of December. The brothers will spend
+most of the winter in Naples, and will proceed to Rome.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE FATHER MACDONALD.--We give an extremely interesting article in
+our MAGAZINE this month on the life and labors of good Father MacDonald,
+lately deceased at Manchester, N. H. The authoress, we learn, is in a
+Convent of Mercy in New Orleans.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fault has been found with the translation of the late Encyclical letter
+of the Pope. Why could not arrangements be made in Rome for an
+authentic translation of all such documents for the English-speaking
+Catholics throughout the world? We are sure the Vatican would furnish
+such a translation if requested by the heads of the Church in America,
+Australia, etc. Will the _Catholic Mirror_, who has a correspondent in
+the Vatican, see that, in the future, we shall have an authorized
+translation for the English-speaking Catholics throughout the world?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ST. JOSEPH'S ADVOCATE.--The fourth year commences with the January
+number, which, we think, is the best issued. The _Advocate_ is devoted
+to a record of mission labor among the colored race. The price is only
+25 cents a year. Just send 25 cents to Editor _St. Joseph's Advocate_,
+51 Courtland St., Baltimore, Md. Here is a notice from the last issue,
+which should encourage every Catholic in the country to subscribe not
+only for the _Advocate_, but send donations for the conversion of our
+colored brethren. "What thoughtfulness and charity, all things
+considered, for the Most Rev. Archbishop of Boston to send ten dollars
+to this publication! The gift was, indeed, a surprise, total strangers
+as we are personally to his Grace and without any application or
+reminder, directly or indirectly, beyond the public appeal in our last,
+suggested by similar kindness on the part of two esteemed members of the
+Hierarchy! Will not others follow suit? What if our every opinion is not
+endorsed, so long as faith and morals are safe in our hands, and
+promoted in quarters _never reached before_ by the Catholic press. Let
+it be remembered that the sphere in which we move is traversed in every
+direction by a non-Catholic press, white and colored, the latter alone
+claiming from one hundred to one hundred and thirty periodicals edited
+and published by colored men who have naturally a monopoly of their own
+market. Is the first Catholic voice ever heard in that chorus to be
+hushed when those very men welcome us, quote us, thank us, actually
+watch the point of the pen lest it wound Catholic feelings, employ the
+most emphatic terms to attest our sincerity as true friends of their
+people, and pointing to our episcopal and clerical support, assure their
+readers that 'the great Catholic Church' has ever been the friend of the
+poor and the oppressed? For all this, thanks to the Catholic spirit in
+the _course we have pursued_!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A CHINESE INDUSTRY.--_New York Tablet:_ It is not alone the Irish and
+Americans who are combatting against England's monopoly of the world's
+trade. She has met with an enemy in an unexpected quarter. Ah Sin has
+struck at one of her staple commodities, and promises to become an
+energetic competitor for one of her most flourishing branches of
+business. For many years Birmingham was the great depot for the
+manufacture of idols for the heathen nations, and thousands of
+Englishmen lived on the profits of this trade. Now, we are told, a
+Chinaman at Sacramento, California, has established a factory for
+manufacturing idols and devils for use in Chinese processions and
+temples. If this be true, thousands of workmen will be thrown out of
+employment in Christian England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The Catholic Columbian:_ If no Catholic has ever yet been elected
+President of the United States, the widow of one President, Mrs. Polk,
+is a convert, and three cabinet officers were Catholics: James Campbell,
+Postmaster General from 1853 to 1857; Roger B. Taney, Attorney General
+and Secretary of the Treasury, from 1831 to 1834: and James M.
+Schofield, Secretary of War, from 1868 to 1869.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This year, Easter Sunday falls upon St. Mark's Day, April 25th,--which
+is its latest possible date. The last time this occurred was in 1736
+(old style), and it will not fall again on the same day of April until
+1943.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. Parnell considers William O'Brien's victory in South Tyrone, and T.
+M. Healy's conquest of South Londonderry, the two greatest personal
+triumphs of the Irish parliamentary campaign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Chicago Citizen:_ It is officially announced by Mr. Alexander Sullivan
+that the Hon. Richard J. Oglesby, governor of Illinois, has accepted the
+invitation to preside at the monster meeting to be held in the
+Exposition Building on the occasion of Mr. Parnell's visit to this city.
+The date is set for January 21. By a unanimous vote of the committee of
+arrangements it was decided that no resident of the city of Chicago
+would speak at that meeting. All the honors will be given, as they ought
+to be, to the governor of the State, the Irish leader and his
+lieutenants, and to distinguished Irish-Americans from outside cities as
+may desire to address the people of Chicago.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRIESTS IN POLITICS.--_Montreal True Witness:_ There are those who
+object, with all generosity, to the clergy taking part in political
+movements. There could be no more illogical cry. It has been the too
+great severance of religion from the affairs of the public that has
+enabled so many unfit persons to obtain parliamentary election and
+tended to degrade politics. These people go to make laws affecting
+morality, education, and the conditions of social existence too often
+without the slightest fitness for that great duty and task. The clergy
+are the spiritual guides of the people, the custodians of the most
+important influences which affect humanity. To say that they should
+abstain from endeavoring to affect administration in a beneficial
+manner, is to say not only that they should de-citizenize themselves,
+but that they should violate their pledges and abandon their sworn duty.
+Those who think the clergy are not doing honor to their office by
+participating in politics take a very narrow view of the case. Without,
+perhaps, intending to do so, they play into the hands and promote the
+ends of those conspirators who are endeavoring to destroy Christianity
+and the moral system based upon it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In reply to a letter, calling Cardinal Newman's attention to the recent
+revival of the vigorous old lie which attributes to him the statement
+that he regarded the Established Church as the great bulwark against
+atheism in England, his Eminence has written as follows: My dear ----.
+Thank you for your letter. I know by experience how difficult it is,
+when once a statement gets into the papers, to get it out of them. What
+more can I do than deny it? And this I have done. I always refer
+inquirers to what I have said in my "Apologia." The Anglican bishops say
+that Disestablishment would be a "national crime," but Catholics will
+say that the national crime was committed three hundred years ago. Yours
+most truly,--
+
+                                      J. H. CARDINAL NEWMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DROP THE OATHS.--_Milwaukee Catholic Citizen:_ Labor organizations ought
+not to be lightly condemned. Our American trade unions are among the
+most salutary associations that we have. In Chicago, recently, they
+incurred the displeasure of the Socialists, because they would not allow
+socialism to flaunt itself at one of their demonstrations.
+
+They all tend to promote providence, social union and independence. They
+"keep the wolf away from the door" of hundreds.
+
+The case of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers is one in point.
+During the twenty years of its existence the Brotherhood has paid out
+nearly $2,000,000 in insurance to the families of engineers who have
+been killed or permanently disabled. The motto of the brotherhood is:
+"Sobriety, Truth, Justice and Morality."
+
+The more stress that is laid upon sobriety in all labor organizations
+the better.
+
+It is to be regretted that some trade unions take the form of secret
+societies, and thus tempt Catholic workingmen (of whom there are
+thousands), to violate dictates of conscience. Labor leaders ought to
+reason that this is not right. These organizations need Catholic
+artisans, and Catholic workingmen need these organizations, provided
+they are honestly, soberly, and candidly conducted.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The number of members of the new House of Commons never before elected
+to Parliament is 332. This has had no parallel since the first
+Parliament under the Reform Bill of 1832. The ultimate figures of the
+election are: Liberals, 334; Conservatives, 250; Parnellites, 86. The
+coalition of the last two has thus a majority of two. This, compared
+with the last Parliament, will leave the Liberals weaker by 17 votes,
+and the Conservatives stronger by 12 votes. The Liberals have gained 80
+votes in the counties and lost 91 in the towns. An immense number of
+Liberal members of the last Parliament are beaten. The list is over 80,
+including 11 Ministers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN HEROIC SISTER.--Mgr. Sogara, Bishop of Trapezepolis and
+Vicar-Apostolic of Central Africa, telegraphs that a despatch has
+reached him from Egypt containing the gratifying intelligence of the
+liberation of two sisters who were imprisoned in the Soudan, and whose
+freedom has been procured by Abdel Giabbari, Mgr. Sogaro's envoy in the
+Soudan. The striking historical spectacle presented by General Gordon's
+long and lonely journey on his camel across the desert to Khartoum has
+been eclipsed in its sublimity by the feat which has just been performed
+by Sister Cipriani, who has just traversed the same weary, arid waste on
+foot, accompanied by a single Arab attendant. Gordon's name will live
+forever in story, side by side with the great knights, historical and
+legendary, of the olden time. The labors of the noble and heroic Sister
+Cipriani, though attended with as much personal danger, and performed in
+a higher sphere, will, perhaps, meet with little earthly recognition. Be
+it so. She wants no fleeting fame. Sufficient for her is the
+consciousness that she has done her duty by those whom she was sent to
+soothe and comfort by her gentle and devoted ministrations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Catholic Citizen_, Milwaukee, Wis., has entered upon its sixteenth
+year. We are pleased to see it is well sustained, as it deserves to be.
+Long life to the _Citizen_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RIGHT REV. DR. SULLIVAN, recently consecrated Bishop of Mobile, declined
+to accept a purse of one thousand dollars from his late congregation in
+Washington, advising them to present it to his successor for the benefit
+of the church. He said he came among them with nothing, and preferred to
+take nothing away with him. Such admirable unselfishness shows what a
+devoted pastor the parishioners of St. Peter's, Washington, have lost
+and the Diocese of Mobile has gained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHOLIC "SOCIETY."--Some of our people, especially among those who are
+rich in worldly goods and deal in worldly literature, are heard to
+complain that there is no "society" among Catholics. Well, every one
+knows that most of our people are poor, and have not time or occasion to
+study the laws of etiquette or the language of diplomacy. Those good
+people who seek society elsewhere, however, would do well to lend their
+fellow-Catholics the light of their example and shine by the contrast
+they create. Better far than cutting a very poor figure in Protestant
+society will they find it to teach their own co-religionists the
+amenities of social life. They had better be first with their own than a
+poor second with strangers; honored among the faithful than despised by
+the dissenter. Ah! this aping after society, besides being pitiful and
+ridiculous, soon takes the faith out of our people. Their children
+marry outside the household of faith, and, with their children's
+children, are lost to the Church. What does it profit to gain the whole
+world and lose your soul?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. JOHN DILLON presided at a meeting of the Nationalists in Dublin, and
+spoke warmly in praise of the courage of the Ulster Nationalists, who
+had fought their battles throughout with vigor and determination. The
+Protestant farmers in Ulster were men whose promises could be relied
+upon. He could never forget the sacrifices they had made for him at the
+last election, or the fact that five hundred of them had voted for Mr.
+Healy. Though he himself had been defeated in North Tyrone, he had been
+gratified even in defeat. The men who had voted in those places, where
+there was no chance for a Nationalist, deserved the thanks of the Irish
+people for the loyalty with which they had obeyed the command of the
+leaders, and trampled upon their old prejudices and local feelings.
+Whigs had disappeared from Ulster, and would never re-appear, unless in
+honorable alliance with the Nationalists.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The grand old man, Gladstone, celebrated his seventy-sixth year on the
+29th of December. May he live to accomplish the pacification of Ireland.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ORANGE BLUSTER.--Mr. John E. Macartney, who was the Tory member for
+Tyrone in the last Parliament, but who was ousted in the late elections
+by the National candidate, declares that the adoption of any form of
+Home Rule would be in direct violation of the Constitution, under the
+provisions of which thousands of Englishmen and Scotchmen have invested
+money in Ireland. To grant Ireland Home Rule, he says, would be to
+destroy the minority in Ireland, and the English people would be held
+responsible for the consequences. An Orange demonstration was held in
+Armagh, where several prominent "Loyalists" made violent speeches in
+opposition to the Home Rule doctrine. Following its leaders, the meeting
+adopted a series of resolutions declaring that a resort to Home Rule
+principles would be certain, sooner or later, to end in civil war, and
+exhorting the "loyalist" party to do its utmost to resist the efforts of
+the Home Rule advocates. The resolutions also commended the "loyalists"
+in Ireland to "the sympathy of all Protestants throughout the British
+Kingdom!" "The Ulster Orangemen are ready to come to the front," said
+one of the speakers, amid great applause, "and when their services are
+wanted sixty thousand men can readily be put into the field, for active
+service, in the defence of the cause of loyalty to the government."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VERY REV. JOSEPH D. MEAGHER, for years pastor of St. Louis Bertrand's
+Church, in Louisville, Ky., has been elected Provincial of the Order of
+St. Dominic in the United States, at St. Rose's, Washington County, Ky.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The article in the _Dublin Freeman's Journal_, said to have been
+inspired by Mr. Parnell, beseeching Irishmen to remember Mr. Gladstone's
+difficulties, and to "be prepared to accept a reasonable compromise on
+our extreme rights, if a sacrifice of our principal rights be not
+involved," is in the true spirit. If this advice be followed, the
+outlook will be hopeful for Home Rule.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The most remarkable thing about the Irish elections is the fact that not
+one supporter of Mr. Gladstone was elected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The College of the Propaganda announces that up to November 1st, in the
+vicariate of Cochin China, 9 missionaries, 7 native priests, 60
+catechists, 270 members of religious orders and 24,000 Christians were
+massacred; 200 parishes, 17 orphan asylums, and 10 convents were
+destroyed and 225 churches were burned.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the occasion of the Pope's Jubilee in 1887, ten cases of
+beatification will be decided. Three "Beati" belonging to the Jesuits
+will be canonized, viz.: Blessed Bergmans, Claver, and Rodriguez. The
+Venerable de la Salle, Clement Hofbauer, C. SS. R., and Ines de
+Beningain, a Spanish nun, will be beatified.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN.--At a meeting of the Dublin Corporation, Mr. T. D.
+Sullivan, M.P., editor of the _Nation_, was elected Lord Mayor of the
+city for this year. Mr. Sullivan is known all over the world, wherever
+Irishmen congregate, by his fine and stirring humorous and pathetic
+ballads for the Irish people. Personally, Mr. Sullivan is a gentle and
+gentlemanly man, much beloved by his family and a large circle of
+friends. He has always preserved the high-minded and patriotic
+traditions of the _Nation_ newspaper, the columns of which were enriched
+by many of his brilliant songs and ballads long before he succeeded his
+brother, the late Mr. A. M. Sullivan, as its editor. Mr. Sullivan is the
+father-in-law of Mr. Healy, M.P., Mr. Parnell's able lieutenant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE KING OF SPAIN.--A Madrid correspondent gives an account of the
+ceremony at the Escuriel, on the occasion of the funeral of the King of
+Spain. "The procession from the station," he writes, "wound slowly up
+the hill to the monastery. When the funeral car reached the principal
+door it was closed. The Lord Chamberlain knocked for admittance. A voice
+inside asked, 'Who wishes to enter?' The answer given was 'Alfonso XII.'
+The doors were then thrown open. The prior of the monastery appeared.
+The body was carried into the church and placed on a raised bier before
+the high altar. The coffin was then covered with the four cloaks of the
+noble orders. A thousand tapers were lighted, and the church assumed a
+magnificent appearance. Black hangings embossed with the arms of Spain
+covered the stone walls. The Mass was said and the _Miserere_ sung. The
+coffin was raised once more and carried to the entrance of the stairs
+leading down to the vaults. No one descended there," continues the
+correspondent, "except the Prior, the Minister of Grace and Justice, and
+the Lord Chamberlain. The coffin was placed on a table in a magnificent
+black marble vault, in which the kings of Spain lie in huge marble tombs
+all around. Now came the most thrilling part of the ceremony. The Lord
+Chamberlain unlocked the coffin, which was covered with cloth of gold,
+raised the glass covering from the King's face, then, after requesting
+perfect silence, knelt down and shouted three times in the dead
+monarch's ear, '_Senor_, _Senor_, _Senor!_' Those waiting in the church
+upstairs heard the call, which was like a cry of despair, for it came
+from the lips of the Duke of Sexto, the King's favorite companion. The
+duke then rose, saying, according to the ritual, His majesty does not
+answer. Then it is true, the King is dead." He locked the coffin,
+handed the keys to the prior, and, taking up his wand of office broke it
+in his hand and flung the pieces at the foot of the table. Then every
+one left the monastery, as the bells tolled, and the guns announced to
+the people that Alfonso XII. had been laid with his ancestors in the
+gloomy pile of Philip II.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Catholic committees of the north of France, assembled in Congress at
+Lille, have addressed to the Pope a letter of adhesion to the
+Encyclical, in which the whole teaching of the Papal document is
+recapitulated at considerable length.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The question of submitting to arbitration the case, "Ireland _vs._
+English Rule in Ireland," is again mooted. One man is named as arbiter.
+He is known as Leo XIII., whose master-piece of power and wisdom
+appeared in our January MAGAZINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A letter from South Mayo tells that on the polling day a curious sight
+was the descent from the mountains of Partry of one hundred voters,
+mounted on hardy ponies, who arrived in a body at the polling station
+with National League cards in their hats.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+News from Gorey tells of a wonderful welcome given to Sir Thomas
+Esmonde, on his arrival at home after his election. The horses were
+taken from his carriage, and he was drawn by the people amidst a
+multitude cheering and waving hats in wild excitement. The town and
+surrounding hills were illuminated, and the young baronet was escorted
+to his residence, Ballynestragh, by bands of music and a torchlight
+procession, including many thousands of people. His tenants came out to
+meet him before he reached Ballynestragh, bearing torches, and a great
+display of fireworks greeted his entrance into his demesne. Sir Thomas
+Esmonde threw open his entire house for the night, and dancing was kept
+up by the tenants till morning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+President Cleveland, in his recent message to Congress, makes allusion
+to the rejection of Mr. Keiley by Austria. He says: A question has
+arisen with the Government of Austria-Hungary touching the
+representation of the United States at Vienna. Having, under my
+constitutional prerogative, appointed an estimable citizen of
+unimpeached probity and competence as Minister to that Court, the
+Government of Austria-Hungary invited this government to cognizance of
+certain exceptions, based upon allegations against the personal
+acceptability of Mr. Keiley, the appointed Envoy, asking that, in view
+thereof, the appointment should be withdrawn. The reasons advanced were
+such as could not be acquiesced in without violation of my oath of
+office, and the precepts of the Constitution, since they necessarily
+involved a limitation in favor of a foreign government upon the right of
+selection by the Executive, and required such an application of a
+religious test as a qualification for office under the United States as
+would have resulted in the practical disfranchisement of a large class
+of our citizens, and the abandonment of a vital principle in our
+Government. The Austro-Hungarian Government finally decided not to
+receive Mr. Keiley as the Envoy of the United States, and that gentleman
+has since resigned his commission, leaving the post vacant. I have made
+no new nomination, and the interests of this Government at Vienna are
+now in the care of the Secretary of Legation, acting as _charge
+d'affaires ad interem_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INAUGURATION.--Monday, January 4, was inauguration day in the principal
+cities in Massachusetts. In Boston, the usual ceremonies took place.
+Mayor O'Brien delivered one of his best addresses. Rev. Father Welch,
+S.J., of the church of the Immaculate Conception, acted as chaplain on
+the occasion.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Michael Davitt, in a recent interview, said: "If Home Rule is granted to
+Ireland, it is difficult for me to see how the Irish members can
+continue to sit in the parliament at Westminster, unless the colonies
+are similarly represented in that body. The appointment of a prince of
+the royal family as viceroy of Ireland would be a mistake, as Ireland
+requires a statesman of tact and brains to administer the government,
+not a royal show.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"ONCE A CITIZEN, ALWAYS A CITIZEN," is what Bismarck says. The great
+Chancellor is determined to have no fooling. If a German becomes an
+American citizen, or a citizen of any other land, old Bis. thinks he has
+no business in Germany, and will not have him there. When a man runs
+away from his native land rather than carry arms for her protection, and
+flies to another country, becomes naturalized, and then returns home to
+make a living, the scheme is so thin that the example is dangerous. An
+iron-handed man knows how to deal with such cases, and he winds them up
+with a bounce.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Sacred College at present consists of 60 members, of whom 26 were
+created by Pius IX., and 34 by Leo XIII., and that there are 10
+vacancies. Of the Cardinals 34 are Italian; 11 Austrian, German, or
+Polish; 5 French; 4 English or Irish; 4 Spanish, and 2 Portuguese.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _English Catholic Directory_ for 1886 says there are at present in
+Great Britain no less than 1,575 churches, chapels, and stations; not
+including such private or domestic chapels as are not open to the
+Catholics of the neighborhood--an increase of 11 on 1884. These places
+of worship are served by 2,576 priests as against 2,522 last year. Since
+the beginning of the year 91 priests have been ordained, of whom 56 are
+secular and 35 regular.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A ROSY OUTLOOK.--_Chicago News:_ The new year dawns upon the United
+States as the most favored nation in the world. Business is reviving in
+every department. Our storehouses and granaries are full to overflowing.
+We are free from all foreign entanglements. The public health is good,
+and with reasonable care there is nothing to dread from foreign
+pestilence. We can look back upon 1885 with grateful hearts, and forward
+to 1886 with hope and confidence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHOLICS IN PARLIAMENT.--Catholics have no need to complain of the
+result of the elections, so far as it affects their special interest,
+observes the _Liverpool Catholic Times_. In the late House of Commons
+representatives of the Faith had sixty seats. In the new House they will
+have eighty-two. Of these, Catholic Ireland contributes seventy-nine,
+England two, and Scotland one. We have already commented upon the return
+for the Oban Division of Argyllshire of Mr. D. H. MacFarlane, who enjoys
+the distinction of being the first Catholic member of Parliament
+returned by Scotland since the so-called Reformation. English Catholics
+cannot, however, be congratulated upon the part they took in the
+electoral struggle. To the last Parliament they sent but one
+representative, Mr. H. E. H. Jerningham; and to that which will commence
+its labors in a couple of months they have returned only two--Mr.
+Charles Russell, Q.C., for South Hackney, and Mr. T. P. O'Connor, for
+the Scotland Division of Liverpool. And more than half the credit of
+securing the return of these two gentlemen is due to the Irish electors
+in this country.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+For the first time in the history of Boston a colored man has obtained a
+political office--he has actually received a policeman's baton. This is
+wonderful news, indeed, for, although Massachusetts has been prominent
+in denouncing the South for her treatment of the colored man, whom she
+has extensively favored with office, Boston, at least, has now had the
+first opportunity of practicing her doctrine; and let us hope that the
+man's name--Homer--will be classical enough to counteract her
+surprise.--_Baltimore Catholic Mirror._
+
+Massachusetts has done more than that for the colored race. Several of
+them have been elected to the general court; one has been on the bench
+for some time; and there are several practising lawyers in our courts.
+Can Maryland say as much for our colored brethren?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE POPE CONGRATULATED.--Emperor William of Germany and Queen Christiana
+of Spain have sent telegrams to Pope Leo, expressing their thanks for
+his services, and for his equitable decision as arbitrator in the
+Carolines controversy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OUR MAGAZINE.--This hearty notice is from Father Phelan's _Western
+Watchman:_ DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE, for January, came to us last week as
+bright as a new shilling, much enlarged, and, as usual, overflowing with
+such original and interesting reading for Irish-Americans as is to be
+found in no other paper or magazine published on the planet. We predict
+for the publisher many years of prosperity to continue the good work.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NEW ENGLAND MEN AND WOMEN are dying out, or they are not producers. Even
+the fisheries no longer breed American seamen for the naval service.
+Three-fourths of the crews that man the fishing fleets are Portuguese,
+Spaniards and Italians.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Boston Herald:_--Ireland would be better fixed politically, if its
+condition should be made like a State in our Union, rather than like a
+province the same as Canada. Canada has no representation in the
+imperial Parliament. Great Britain ought to have a Parliament for
+imperial purposes, with representatives from her dependencies, and
+another for her local affairs. It has long been apparent that the
+British Parliament cannot properly consider both general and local
+matters.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It appears that the reported wholesale boycotting of Irish workingmen in
+England stated in a dispatch of the New York _Sun_ to have been resolved
+upon at a meeting of a Liberal Club, was entirely without foundation in
+fact, not even heard of at the National Liberal Club or at the London
+Office of the _Freeman's Journal_, the chief Nationalist organ.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARNELLITE MEETING.--A day or two before the opening of the new
+Parliament this month, a general meeting of the Irish parliamentary
+party, including as many of the Nationalist members as are then in
+London, will be held at the Westminster Palace Hotel, when, it is stated
+in London Nationalist circles, a definite course of parliamentary action
+will be decided upon, and the Parnellite programme for the session will
+be finally adopted, subject only to such deviations as the exigencies of
+the political situation may render admissable and desirable. In the
+event of a short adjournment of the House, after the election of the
+speaker and the swearing in of the members, it is understood that the
+January meeting of the Irish parliamentary party referred to will be
+adjourned to the day previous to that on which the business of the House
+will begin about the usual date in February.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HOUSE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD.--The new house is progressing favorably, and
+is nearly under roof. There will be a lecture in aid of the building on
+Sunday evening, January 17. Hon. Mr. Keiley, lately appointed Minister
+to Italy and Austria, will deliver the lecture. Subject: The Present
+Prospects of Irish Freedom. The lecture will take place at the Boston
+Theatre. Tickets, 75, 50, and 35 cents. The announcement of so
+interesting a subject, and the fame of the lecturer should fill the
+house to overflowing. His Honor, Mayor O'Brien, will preside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OUR MAGAZINE.--_Notre Dame Scholastic:_ With the January number,
+DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE begins its fifteenth volume. It is an interesting and
+instructive periodical, and deserves well of the reading public. The
+"Memoir of His Eminence John Cardinal McCloskey," by Dr. John Gilmary
+Shea, which appears in the present number, is a priceless memento of our
+first American prince of the Church, and imparts valuable information
+concerning some points of the early history of the Church in our
+country. Besides, there is a collection of readable articles, which it
+would take too long to name. The editor promises still greater
+attractions for the new volume, and we sincerely hope his enterprise
+will meet with all the encouragement it so well deserves. The MAGAZINE
+is published at Boston, Mass.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Rev. Dr. O'Reilly, of Detroit, Treasurer of the National League in
+America, announces that he has sent $80,000 to the League in Ireland
+since Oct. 1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FUTURE OF FRANCE.--In answer to a question on the eventual solution
+of the French political difficulty, the Bishop of Angers says: "When I
+spoke of the affairs of French Catholics, and, above all, of those of my
+diocese," said his Lordship, "I was within my domain. But of the future
+of Catholic France the less conversation and the more prayer the better.
+I believe that Providence will bless the Apostolic spirit of our
+missionaries, and the obscure zeal of our Sisters of Charity. I believe,
+with Monseigneur Dupanloup, that the French Church, with fifty thousand
+priests, and more, daily saying Mass, and hundreds of thousands of
+innocent children praying in her churches, must emerge triumphant from
+this terrible crisis. Ask me nothing of Pretenders or of the Republic.
+The work of a Catholic Bishop in France is too absorbing to be
+overwhelmed by difficulties of political detail. We must be patriots,
+worthy citizens, and faithful Catholics, and leave the rest to God. The
+great bulk of the French people is not deceived. A cloud is passing
+over the nation; but the bright sun will soon pierce through that cloud,
+and a reaction will set in. The sooner the better, say I."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CATHEDRAL T. A. & B. SOCIETY.--The Cathedral Total Abstinence and
+Benevolent Society is making extensive preparations for its third annual
+social, which takes place in Parker Fraternity Hall, Wednesday evening,
+February 10th. Tickets are selling very rapidly, and the committee of
+arrangements will spare nothing to make the occasion an enjoyable one to
+all who attend. The officers of the society are as follows: Spiritual
+director, Rev. James F. Talbot, D.D.; President, John F. Marrin;
+vice-president, William J. Keenan; recording secretary, James P. Gorman;
+financial secretary, Jeremiah Conners; treasurer, Patrick Cooney;
+sergeant-at-arms, Dennis Desmond.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ABSTEMIOUSNESS AT CHRISTMAS.--The following circular was issued by the
+Cardinal Archbishop of Westminister:--A Plenary indulgence may be gained
+by all persons who--besides making a good Confession and received
+worthily the Holy Communion, and praying for the intention of his
+Holiness--shall, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day, and on the
+following day, abstain from all intoxicating drinks. The faithful are
+earnestly exhorted to endeavor to obtain the Plenary Indulgence; and to
+offer up this little self-denial as an act of intercession, reparation,
+and expiation for those who sin against God by drunkenness and
+intemperance especially at this time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We regret to learn from the _Catholic Mirror_ that Mr. William Doherty,
+formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, is lying dangerously ill at his
+residence, No. 142 Edmondson Avenue. Mr. Doherty came to Baltimore about
+eleven years ago, in part on account of the climate. He has been
+suffering for years with heart disease. He has received the last
+Sacraments from the hands of his son, Rev. William J. Doherty, S.J.,
+rector of the Church of Our Lady, at Guelph, Ontario, Canada, who
+reached Baltimore the day before. Mr. William Doherty was born in
+Ireland, June 8th, 1800, and went to New Brunswick when a young man. He
+was for many years one of the most prominent Catholics in St. John, and
+was president of St. Vincent de Paul Society in that city. He has two
+daughters with him, and two who are nuns. One of the latter is Madame
+Letitia Doherty, assistant superioress of the Convent of the Sacred
+Heart, Kenwood, Albany, N. Y.; the other is in the Elmhurst Convent of
+the Sacred Heart, at Providence, R.I.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are at present two hundred "widowed" parishes in the Diocese of
+Posen, Germany. Of these, only forty-five have any auxiliary supply, so
+that no less than one hundred and fifty-five parishes, with a population
+of 200,000 souls and more are without any priest at all.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+If the Associated Press may be trusted, Bishop O'Farrell has expressed
+the opinion that the two American cardinals will be the Archbishop of
+Baltimore and the Archbishop of New York.--_Catholic Mirror._
+
+The Associated Press is not to be credited on Catholic or Irish matters.
+It is more than probable that one of the hats will crown the head of the
+venerable Archbishop of Boston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY has received ten thousand Rosaries from Belgium.
+They are blessed by the regular canons of the Holy Cross Order, and they
+have the extraordinary indulgence of five hundred days and the
+Bridgetine indulgence of one hundred days, together with the Holy
+Father's blessing, attached to the devout recital of every "Our Father"
+and "Hail Mary" upon them. Address Rev. A. Granger, C.S.C., Notre Dame,
+Ind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Italian Government has just published the list of deaths from
+cholera during the years 1884 and 1885. In the former year, there were
+27,000 cases, and 14,000 deaths. In the latter year there have been over
+6,000 cases, and 3,000 deaths. Palermo was the great sufferer this year,
+as Naples was in 1884. Better nutrition during both epidemics caused a
+noted diminution in cases and in deaths.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Germania_ says that the Holy Father has expressed a wish to know
+the state of Catholic Missions in the German Colonies. He feels very
+keenly the arbitrary conduct of the Imperial Government, and has
+expressed to the Prussian Minister his astonishment at the prejudice
+exhibited in Berlin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Referring to the Letter of the Holy Father to Cardinal Manning and the
+Bishops of England, which we give elsewhere, the _Moniteur de Rome_ says
+that it constitutes "the recompense and the consecration" of the noble
+and heroic efforts of his Eminence and the English Episcopate in the
+cause of Christian education.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The 22nd of February is the anniversary of the birth of George
+Washington. We give many incidents of his life in this issue of our
+MAGAZINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE IRISH CONVENTION.--Patrick Egan, president of the Irish National
+League of America, has received a cablegram from T. M. Harrington, M.P.,
+secretary of the National League in Ireland, in which he states that Mr.
+Parnell will not be able to attend the League convention intended to be
+held in Chicago in January next, and that he is "inclined to think it
+best to postpone the convention until after the meeting of parliament in
+February." It is, doubtless, the desire of the Irish party to know with
+some definiteness the probable outcome of the present situation before
+making any authoritative announcement of their plans, or before sending
+any message to their American brothers; and it also seems that they
+regard Mr. Parnell's constant presence on the scene of negotiations as
+indispensable. The convention, in accordance with this suggestion, is,
+therefore, postponed to a date to be determined upon hereafter between
+the executive of the American League and Mr. Parnell. Mr. Egan will call
+the National Committee of the American League together some day in
+January, by which time there may be information from Ireland enabling a
+definite date to be fixed for the convention.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MUNSTER BANK.--In reply to a letter from Mr. T. N. Stack to the
+liquidators, inquiring when the sum of L500,000 now in their hands would
+be distributed amongst the creditors, the liquidators of the Munster
+Bank have written to say that there is L650,000 in hands, that the mere
+routine work of arranging for a dividend occupies a considerable time,
+but that they expect to pay an instalment in March.
+
+
+PRIVILEGES FOR MAYNOOTH.--In reply to a petition from the Irish
+Episcopate, the Holy Father, through the Sacred Congregation of
+Propaganda, has granted to the Superiors of St. Patrick's College,
+Maynooth, the privilege of presenting students for ordination to the
+Diaconate and Subdiaconate on days which are ordinary doubles. This
+important concession, however, can be made use of only once in the year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GRANT'S EVIL GENIUS.--The enemies of the Catholic Church should get up a
+big purse of bright new dollars as a testimonial to Parson Newman,
+as--only for the influence of his evil genius--it is very likely that
+General Grant would have died a Catholic. The _Saint Joseph's Advocate_,
+in a brief notice of the death of General Grant, says that Grant was not
+a bigot--his Indian Agency policy and Des Moines speech to the apparent
+contrary notwithstanding. Parson Newman was, in matters of religion, his
+evil genius; and the evil genius had this apology (though no excuse)
+that he was pushed at him from _behind_. It is our sincere opinion that
+if the Catholic side of this great man's family had possessed a Newman
+in zeal, eloquence and polish, Mount McGregor would have witnessed its
+most historic _Catholic_ death, July 22, 1885.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CHINESE MUST GO.--_San Francisco Monitor:_ There seems to be a
+general determination among the people all over this coast that the
+Chinese must go. Already they have been forcibly expelled from several
+towns in Washington territory and Oregon, as well as from towns in this
+State. Self-preservation is the first law of nature, and the laboring
+portion of the white race will not suffer their right of life, liberty
+and happiness to be destroyed by the interference of Chinese coolies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOREIGN MISSIONS.--A large and commodious seminary for the Foreign
+Missions is about to be opened in Bavaria. In the latter country a grand
+old abbey has for years stood empty and deserted. Father Amhreim, a
+Benedictine, under the auspices of the Propaganda, and with the consent
+of the Bavarian Government, has restored the abbey, and is now fitting
+it up as a seminary. The students who will enter this new Missionary
+College will devote themselves to the African missions, as their
+brethren in the college of Steil give themselves wholly to the Chinese
+mission. German Catholics may be proud of their missionary enterprise.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DYNAMITE!--Millionnaire Cyrus W. Field, of New York, raised a monument
+to Andre, the English spy, with great pains and expense. Some other
+party razed it, a few nights ago--with a dynamite cartridge. Robert
+Simons, while trying to kill fish at Little Rock, Ark., with dynamite,
+exploded some of the stuff in his pocket, and his right arm was blown
+off in a jiffy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARCHBISHOP CROKE says: "Politics now simply means food and clothes and
+decent houses for Irishmen and women at home; they mean the three great
+corporal works of mercy; they mean the protection of the weak against
+the strong, and the soil of Ireland for the Irish race rather than for a
+select gang of strangers and spoliators."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LANDLORD WAR is raging in Ireland. The Boycotting campaign is being
+pushed. This chorus is intoned by "T. D. S." and caught up throughout
+the land:
+
+   "Tis vain to think that all our lives
+     We'll coin our sweat to gold,
+   And let our children and our wives
+     Feel want and wet and cold;
+   We first must help ourselves, and then,
+     If we have cash to spare,
+   Let landlord, and such idle men,
+     Come asking for a share;
+   So landlords, and grandlords,
+     We pledge our faith to-day--
+   A low rent, or no rent,
+     Is all the rent we'll pay."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A CHEERFUL PROSPECT.--Sympathetic Friend: I say, Toombs, old man, you're
+not looking well. Want cheerful society, that's it! I shall come and
+spend the evening with you, and bring my new poem, "Ode to a Graveyard!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ENGLISH ELECTIONS.--One of the unexpected effects of the public
+excitement consequent upon the general election has been the revelation
+of some of the most grotesque vagaries of Protestantism that have ever
+come under our notice. One clergyman told his parishioners not to
+scruple about telling lies as to the party for which they intended to
+vote. Another characterized the Liberals as "a set of devils."
+Archdeacon Denison, an octogenarian ecclesiastic, informed his audience
+at a public meeting that they "might as well cheer for the devil as for
+Mr. Gladstone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mgr. Seghers, who, imbued with apostolic zeal and self-sacrifice,
+resigned the archdiocese of Oregon, to dedicate himself to the
+conversion of the Indians, has arrived at Vancouver Island, and has
+already begun his holy work assisted by a party of devoted Belgian
+missionaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The decree for the introduction of the cause for the beatification and
+canonization of Joan of Arc has been signed at last. The late Mgr.
+Dupanloup labored hard in this affair, and doubtless the progress made
+is partly owing to his unwearied efforts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Scotch Colony is about being planted in Florida. A man named Tait is
+the organizer of the projected settlement, and is expected to bring
+fifty families with him from Glasgow. These are only the pioneers, and
+it is expected that in two years one thousand families from Scotland
+will be located in Florida. We welcome every industrious emigrant who
+comes here to better his fortune, and hope the projected colony will be
+a success. But we also hope they will be more patriotic than were the
+Scotch in 1775, who raised the English flag at the Cross Roads in North
+Carolina, and fought against American Independence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LATE VICTOR HUGO.--Very noble, and certainly very true, was the
+appeal which Victor Hugo made for religious instruction in 1850: "God
+will be found at the end of all. Let us not forget Him, and let us teach
+Him to all. There would otherwise be no dignity in living, and it would
+be better to die entirely. What soothes suffering, what sanctifies
+labor, what makes man good, strong, wise, patient, benevolent, just, at
+the same time humble and great, worthy of liberty, is to have before him
+the perpetual vision of a better world, throwing its rays through the
+darkness of this life. As regards myself, I believe profoundly in this
+better world; and I declare it in this place to be a supreme certainty
+of my soul. I wish, then, sincerely, or, to speak strongly, I wish
+ardently for religious instruction."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is thought that the Parliament which has just been elected will be
+short-lived. In a comparatively brief space of time there will be
+another appeal to the constituencies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reminiscences of Irish-American Regiments in the Union Army during the
+Rebellion, are spoken of in an article elsewhere. The article is
+furnished to us by the editor and proprietor of the _Sandy Hill_ (N. Y.)
+_Herald_, John Dwyer, Esq.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BANK OF IRELAND SHARES.--Shares of the Bank of Ireland, which a year ago
+were quoted at L340, are quoted at L274. This is a government Orange
+Bank. It refused to assist the Munster Bank, which was the principal
+cause of its failure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Statue of the late Lord O'Hagan will shortly be placed in the hall of
+the Four Courts, Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Catholic ceases to be a Catholic the moment he becomes a Free Mason.
+He may continue to believe all articles of Catholic faith and even go to
+church; but he is cut off from the body of the faithful by the fact of
+excommunication, and cannot receive the Sacraments while living, nor
+sepulchre in consecrated ground when dead. By resigning from the lodge,
+and giving up the symbols,he can be restored to the communion of the
+Church.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Lady Mayoress of Dublin has been presented with a silver cradle,
+commemorative of the birth of a daughter during her official year. The
+gift was from the members of both parties in the Corporation and the
+citizens.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+T. P. O'Connor, M.P., says that Ireland will be satisfied with nothing
+less than the same amount of independence granted by England to Canada.
+Mr. Justin McCarthy, M.P., says that the same amount of independence as
+New York or Illinois has in the Federal Union would do. These two
+declarations may be regarded as the maximum and minimum of the present
+national demand. Mr. Parnell has, very wisely, made no sign. He lies in
+wait for future developments.
+
+
+
+
+NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
+
+
+_Lynch, Cole & Meehan, New York._
+
+     THE IRISH-AMERICAN ALMANAC FOR 1886. Price, 25 cents.
+
+We refer the reader to the advertisement on another page for the
+contents, etc., of this Irish year book. It is indispensable in every
+Irish family at home and abroad, like our own MAGAZINE. The publishers
+are also the editors and proprietors of the _Irish-American_ newspaper,
+which has stood the tug of war for nearly forty years. The price is only
+25 cents. It is worth three times 25 cents. Address the publishers or
+any bookseller.
+
+
+_Fr. Pustet & Co., N. Y. and Cincinnati._
+
+     THE POPE: THE VICAR OF CHRIST; THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH. By Rt. Rev.
+     Monseigneur Capel, D.D., Domestic Prelate of His Holiness, Pope Leo
+     XIII. Price, 25 cents.
+
+The preface explains the scope of the work, which we give:
+
+Is the Pope possessor of supreme and universal authority over the whole
+of the Christian Church, is the Pope the Vicar of Christ: are questions
+of the greatest moment to all believers in Christianity. If the Pope
+holds such power and position, then is there the absolute need of
+subjection to him in things spiritual. The subject has been treated by
+me from different stand-points during my tour in the States. The
+substance of such discourses is now given to the public. To meet the
+demands on time made by the active, busy life in America, the matter is
+presented as concisely as possible, and in short chapters. The
+intelligence and general information displayed by the people in all
+parts of the States which I have visited permit me, while presenting a
+small book for popular use, to treat the subject for an educated people
+anxious for solid knowledge. To those who wish to prosecute the further
+study of this question I recommend the following works, to which I have
+to express my indebtedness: Archbishop Kenrick's "Primacy of S. Peter,"
+Allies' "See of S. Peter," Wilberforce's "Principles of Church
+Authority," Allnatt's "Cathedra Petri," and "Faith of Catholics" (Vol.
+II.), containing the historical evidence of the first five centuries of
+the Christian era to the teaching concerning the Papacy.
+
+                                                T. J. Capel.
+
+                  _Feast of the Immaculate Conception, 1885._
+
+
+_McGowan & Young, Portland, Maine._
+
+     ECHOES FROM THE PINES. By Margaret E. Jordan.
+
+Maine should be represented among the States which has a large Catholic
+population. The first, and the only, Catholic Governor of the New
+England States, was Governor Cavanagh in Maine. There were few Catholics
+in that State during his administration. To-day, Maine would not give
+her suffrages to a Catholic. Why? Because in Governor Cavanagh's days
+the Catholics were in a great minority, and the Puritans did not fear
+them. As the Catholic body increases, hatred springs up; but Maine is
+coming back to the old faith.
+
+She has now a prelate who is alive to the necessities of his people, and
+is doing everything in his power to establish the Faith of Kale and the
+other martyrs who died for their religion.
+
+Who would have thought in Governor Cavanagh's days (a half a century
+ago), that there would be a grand cathedral, convent, schools and a
+Catholic publishing house in Portland? But such is the fact. The house
+has issued an excellent book but a few months ago, and now we have some
+sweet poems from the genial pen of Miss Margaret E. Jordan. The
+authoress has not so many "flourish of trumpets" as some others, but her
+Muse is pathetic and heartfelt. The critics may not give her the meed of
+praise they would confer upon others, but her Catholic heart will endear
+her to the love she bears our Blessed Mother, and her devotion to the
+poetic visions of the "old land." We believe Miss Jordan hails from the
+beautiful vale of Avoca, where the poet Moore imbibed his inspirations.
+
+
+_Ave Maria Press, Notre Dame, Ind._
+
+     SCHOLASTIC ANNUAL FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1886. By Prof. J. A.
+     Lyons, of the University of Notre Dame, Ia.
+
+This is the eleventh year of this publication. Our good friend, Prof.
+Lyons, gives his readers an excellent New Year's dish. "Capital and
+Strikes," by our friend, Onahan, of Chicago, is timely. We wish it could
+be read by the strikers and the Knights of Labor, all over the country.
+There are also articles on the late Vice President, by William Hoynes,
+A. M. "A Nation's Favorite," by Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, C. S. C., and
+other excellent articles both in prose and verse.
+
+
+_John Murphy & Co., Baltimore, Md._
+
+     NOTED SANCTUARIES OF THE HOLY FACE; or, the Cultus of the Holy
+     Face, as practised at St. Peter's of the Vatican and other
+     celebrated shrines. By M. L'Abbe Jouvier. Translated from the
+     French by P. P. S. With preface by Most Rev. W. H. Elder, D.D.,
+     Archbishop of Cincinnati.
+
+The devotion to the Holy Face is spreading throughout the Catholic
+world. The Discalced Nuns are foremost in their efforts to spread this
+devotion. This little book is published at their urgent solicitations.
+We recommend to all devout Catholics the purchase of this book.
+
+
+_D. & J. Sadlier & Co., New York._
+
+     SADLIER'S CATHOLIC DIRECTORY, ALMANAC, AND ORDO, FOR THE YEAR OF
+     OUR LORD 1886; with full official reports of all dioceses,
+     vicariates, prefectures, etc., in the United States, Canada,
+     British West Indies, Ireland, England and Scotland. Unbound, $1.25.
+     Bound, $1.50. An edition comprising only the church in the United
+     States, 50 cents.
+
+This is the fifty-fourth annual publication. It composes a great body of
+information interesting to every Catholic. All families should have it
+in their houses.
+
+
+All of the above books may be obtained of Messrs. Noonan and Co., as
+well as of the publishers.
+
+
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+THEFT OF A VALUABLE BOOK.--A valuable book has been stolen from the
+library of the Minerva, Rome. It is one of the very few copies of the
+works of Lactantius, which were printed at the Benedictine monastery of
+Santa Scholastica, near Subiaco, in the year 1465. So rare are the
+copies of this work, that the price of a single copy has reached 15,000
+francs, or L600. The most minute inquiries have been made, but the
+missing volume has not been traced.
+
+A Selection of the late Lord O'Hagan's speeches, as revised by himself,
+will very shortly be published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. The volume
+opens with a speech on the Legislative Union delivered at a meeting of
+the Repeal Association in 1843, and closes with Lord O'Hagan's speeches
+in the House of Lords in 1881-82 on the Irish Land Laws. The work is
+edited by Lord O'Hagan's nephew, Mr. George Teeling, and contains
+numerous biographical and historical notes.
+
+THE ANGEL GUARDIAN ANNUAL FOR 1886.--Seventh year. Published by the
+House of the Angel Guardian; Boston, Mass. Price 10 cents. Besides the
+matter contained in Almanacs generally, this little annual has also a
+collection of interesting and instructive articles. There are several
+excellent engravings, prominent among which are portraits of Cardinal
+McCloskey, Archbishop Williams, Daniel O'Connell, Rev. G. F. Haskins,
+and Hon. Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston, accompanying biographical
+sketches.
+
+MR. T. P. O'CONNOR'S new book, _Gladstone's House of Commons_, will be
+issued by Messrs. Ward and Downey early next week. In the preface the
+author says:--"It would be too much to ask the reader to believe that
+these sketches betray none of the bias natural to one who took a
+somewhat active part in many of the scenes described. But an effort was
+made at impartiality." The volume is called _Gladstone's House of
+Commons_. The justification of the title is the commanding position held
+in the last Parliament by the overwhelming personality of Mr. Gladstone.
+
+
+
+
+MUSIC.
+
+_From White, Smith & Co._
+
+
+_Vocal:_ "Trusting," Duet, by C. A. White.
+
+_Instrumental:_ "Only for Thee," Polka Mazurka, by Fliege. "Chant du
+Paysan," by Alfonso Rendando. "Silver Trumpets," by Viviani, viz.: No.
+1, "Grand Processional March." No. 2, "Harmony in the Dome," as played
+at St. Peter's in Rome. "Gavotte," by Rudolph Niemann. "Potpourri," from
+"Mikado," for four hands, arranged by C. D. Blake. "Chimes of Spring,"
+by H. Lichner. "Mikado," Galop by Geo. Thorne. "The Banjo Companion,"
+viz.: "Nymphs' Dance," by Armstrong. "Rag Baby Jig," by same. "Gavotte
+du Pacha," by F. Von Suppe. "Always Gallant Polka," by Fahrbach.
+"Carlotta Walzer," by Millocker. "Happy Go Lucky, Schottische," by De
+Coen, and "O Restless Sea," by C. A. White, all arranged for Banjo.
+"Rosalie Waltz," by Pierre Duvernet. "Morning Prayer," by Strealboy. "La
+Gracieuse," by Ch. Wachtmann. "Mikado Waltzes," by Bucalossi.
+
+_Books:_ "The Folio," for January, 1886, brimful of good reading
+interspersed with excellent music. "Ferd. Beyers' Preliminary Method for
+Pianoforte." Part 2, "Melodies for Violin and Piano," and "Melodies for
+Flute and Piano." All these works issued in Messrs. White, Smith & Co's
+best style.
+
+
+
+
+Obituary.
+
+   "After life's fitful fever they sleep well."
+
+
+CARDINAL.
+
+CARDINAL PANEBIANCA has lately died in Rome at the age of seventy-seven.
+He was not a society cardinal, as he lived a hard life, slept on the
+boards, his board being also simple bread and water, with a morsel of
+cheese now and then by way of a luxury. He despised riches, and has died
+rich.
+
+
+BISHOPS.
+
+RT. REV. F. X. KRAUTBAUER, bishop of Green Bay, Wis., for over ten
+years, was found dead in his bed at the Episcopal residence, morning of
+the 17th of December. He had recently been a sufferer from apoplexy,
+which finally took him off. The suddenness of his death has cast a gloom
+of sadness over the entire Catholic population. Bishop Krautbauer was
+born in the parish of Bruck, near Ratisbon, Bavaria, in 1824, being in
+his sixty-first year at the time of his death.
+
+At half-past six o'clock Friday morning, December 4, Rt. Rev. Dominic
+Manucy, third bishop of Mobile, Ala., died after a lingering illness. He
+was born in St. Augustine, Fla., in the year 1823, and received his
+education in Mobile, at the College of St. Joseph, Spring Hill. On the
+20th of January, 1884, he received his appointment from Rome to the
+bishopric of Mobile, and on March 30th, of the same year, was duly
+installed. In the July following his health failed, and he was compelled
+to send his resignation to the Pope. The Pope, however, took no action
+on the resignation until more than a year had passed. Then Bishop
+Jeremiah O'Sullivan was appointed as his successor to the Bishopric of
+Mobile, and to him Bishop Manucy delivered up the keys of the cathedral
+on the first day of November, 1885. Since the succession Bishop Manucy
+has remained at the episcopal residence, where he has been at all times
+carefully attended by the priests of the parish and the people of his
+congregation. Bishop Manucy was no ordinary person, but, on the
+contrary, his whole life and its actions stamped him as a man of more
+than usual ability. As a man he showed himself, when in health, to be of
+strong and decisive will, possessed of an open-hearted, frank nature,
+and charitable to the furtherest degree. He was a man of thorough
+education, a profound and able logician, and was reckoned as one of the
+best theologians of the Catholic Church. In his various offices as
+priest and bishop, he was at all times alive to the interest of his
+church and its people. The spiritual needs of his flocks never escaped
+his observation, and were never left unsupplied.
+
+
+PRIESTS.
+
+German literary papers report with regret the death at Kilchrath, in
+Holland, of one of the most learned Jesuits of our times, Father
+Schneemann, at the age of fifty-six. He was chief editor of the
+well-known periodical, "Stimmen von Maria Laach." When the Jesuits had
+to quit Germany in 1872 he came to reside in England, but the climate
+not agreeing with him, he went to Holland, where he taught divinity in a
+diocesan college.
+
+Rev. George Ruland, C. SS. R., who died a few weeks ago in Baltimore,
+was provincial of the Redemptorists for many years. He was a fellow
+student of Archbishop Heis, of Milwaukee, and a pupil of Doctor
+Doellinger. He was a man of marked talent, and his influence will be
+greatly missed.
+
+Rev. Philip J. McCabe, rector of the cathedral at Hartford, Conn., died
+in that city on the 9th of December, greatly regretted by all who had
+the pleasure of his acquaintance.
+
+Rev. Father Jamison, S. J., the well-known and highly esteemed Jesuit
+died at Georgetown College, D. C., on night of 8th December, after a
+very long illness. He was born in Frederick City, Md., on June 19, 1831;
+in 1860 he was ordained to the priesthood in the Eternal City, by
+Cardinal Franson. Then returning to the United States, he labored at
+different times, as assistant pastor in Georgetown, Md., Washington, D.
+C., Philadelphia, Pa., Boston, Mass., Troy, N. Y., and Alexandria, Va.
+
+The Rev. John S. Flynn, pastor of St. Ann's Church, Cranston, R. I.,
+died of pneumonia, at the parochial residence, on the 10th December, in
+the forty-ninth year of his age, and the eighteenth of his ordination.
+He was a native of the County Cavan, Ireland, and came to this country
+when eleven years of age. His early education was under the supervision
+of his uncle, the late Rev. John Smith, of Danbury, Conn., with whom he
+resided. He continued his studies at Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md.
+After finishing his classical course, he spent some time at St. Sulpice
+Seminary, Baltimore, and completed his theological studies at the
+Provincial Seminary, Troy, N. Y.
+
+The death, November 8, of Very Rev. Wm. J. Halley, V. G., Cincinnati, is
+greatly lamented. In him, for more than twenty years, we have personally
+known a noble, pure, devoted and beautiful character. Born at Tramore,
+Ireland, he was taken off at forty-eight.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRESERVATION OF A SAINT'S BODY.--The body of the late venerable G. B.
+Vianney, Cure d'Ars, was exhumed in the presence of the Bishop of Belley
+and Mgr. Casorara, _promotor fidei_, and of all those interested in the
+cause of his beatification. The body was found entire, as it was buried,
+and was recognizable at the first glance. The flesh and hair still
+adhered to the upper part of the head; the hands, shrivelled, preserved
+their full form--the sacerdotal vestments had undergone no alteration.
+To give an idea of the enthusiasm displayed by the people, we may say
+that every object of devotion to be bought in the shops of Ars was sold,
+so that the people might bear away with them a relic that had touched
+the holy body. Ars seemed to have recovered its former happy days, when
+pilgrims flocked thither, and penitents thronged the venerable cure's
+confessional.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD CHARLES THYNNE, second son of the Marquis of Bath, has during the
+week received the tonsure and three minor orders at the hands of the
+Cardinal Archbishop in the chapel of the archbishop's house,
+Westminster. Lord Charles is an ex-clergyman of the Church of England,
+and is close on seventy years of age.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An interesting ceremony took place in the Church of Piedad, Buenos
+Ayres, recently, when an entire Jewish family named Krausse, the parents
+and two children, abjured the Jewish religion and were baptized into the
+Catholic Church. They had been instructed in the catechism of Christian
+doctrine by a Jesuit Father. Senor Gallardo was godfather of the
+parents, and Senor Leguizamona and Miss Larosa godfather and godmother
+for the children.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The ideas of English noblemen upon the subject of national gratitude,
+and the causes of it, must be decidedly unique. In a speech, delivered
+in Glasgow, on Dec. 3d, Lord Roseberry declared that he thought "Ireland
+had shown great ingratitude toward Mr. Gladstone." Considering that, in
+addition to a worthless Land Bill, Mr. Gladstone's principal gifts to
+Ireland consisted of five years of the most grinding coercion
+government, under the operation of which some two thousand of the best
+and purest men and women in the country were thrust into jail like
+felons, we fail to see the particular claims that grand old fraud has
+upon the good-will of Ireland or her people, says the _Irish-American_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Bishop Bowman, of St. Louis, in the annual conference of the Methodist
+missionary committee, says that it costs $208 to convert an Italian
+Catholic to Methodism. Yes; and he would be dear at half the price, says
+the _Western Watchman_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the British Empire there are 14 archiepiscopal and 81 episcopal sees;
+35 vicariates and 10 prefectures; in all, 140; and the number of
+patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops throughout the world is
+1,171, the residential sees being 909 in number.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREGORY'S PILE REMEDY.--It is not very often that we say anything in
+favor of advertised medicines. We cheerfully make an exception in the
+case of Gregory's Pile Remedy. It is so highly endorsed by some of the
+best known citizens in Boston and vicinity, who have been permanently
+cured by its use, that we recommend it to all sufferers. It is a
+distinctly Irish remedy, the formulae for its preparation having been
+left with Mr. Gregory by an esteemed old Irish lady, who died in August
+last, and who used it with the greatest success for many years among her
+friends and neighbors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 15, No. 2,
+February 1886, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DONAHOE'S MAGAZINE ***
+
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