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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:32:54 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:32:54 -0700 |
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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/26799-h.zip b/26799-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..55f1724 --- /dev/null +++ b/26799-h.zip diff --git a/26799-h/26799-h.htm b/26799-h/26799-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..853e580 --- /dev/null +++ b/26799-h/26799-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1356 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Indian Captivity of William Biggs, by William Biggs. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + hr.smler { width: 20%; } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0px; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + + .tbrk {margin-bottom: 3.5em;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Captivity of William Biggs +among the Kickapoo Indians in Illinois in 1788, by William Biggs + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Narrative of the Captivity of William Biggs among the Kickapoo Indians in Illinois in 1788 + +Author: William Biggs + +Release Date: October 7, 2008 [EBook #26799] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAPTIVITY OF WILLIAM BIGGS *** + + + + +Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p class="tbrk"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> + +<h1>INDIAN CAPTIVITY</h1> + +<h1>OF WILLIAM BIGGS</h1> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> + +<h4><i>Heartman's Historical Series Number 37</i></h4> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> + + +<h1>NARRATIVE</h1> + +<h3>OF THE</h3> + +<h1>CAPTIVITY</h1> + +<h3>OF</h3> + +<h1><i>WILLIAM BIGGS</i></h1> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<h3>AMONG THE</h3> + +<h1>KICKAPOO INDIANS</h1> + +<h3>IN</h3> + +<h3>Illinois in 1788</h3> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<h3>Written By Himself</h3> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p class="center">Eighty-one Copies Re-Printed In<br />Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-two.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<h4>Number ... of 81 Copies Reprinted.</h4> + +<h4>Also Five Copies Issued on Japan Paper.</h4> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> + +<h1>NARRATIVE</h1> + +<h1>OF THE CAPTIVITY OF</h1> + +<h1>WILLIAM BIGGS</h1> + +<h1>AMONG THE KICKAPOO INDIANS</h1> + +<h1>IN ILLINOIS IN 1788</h1> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<p class="center">——</p> + +<p class="tbrk"> </p> + +<p>In the year 1788, March 28th, I was going from Bellfontain to Cahokia, +in company with a young man named John Vallis, from the State of +Maryland; he was born and raised near Baltimore. About 7 o'clock in the +morning I heard two guns fired; by the report I thought they were to the +right; I thought they were white men hunting; both shot at the same +time. I looked but could not see any body; in a moment after I looked to +the left and saw sixteen Indians, all upon their feet with their guns +presented, about forty yards distant from me, just ready to draw +trigger. I was riding between Vallis and the Indians in a slow trot, at +the moment I saw them. I whipped my horse and leaned my breast on the +horse's withers, and told Vallis to whip his horse, that they were +Indians. That moment they all fired their guns in one platoon; you could +scarcely distinguish the report of their guns one from another. They +shot four bullets into my horse, one high up in his withers, one in the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>bulge of the ribs near my thigh, and two in his rump, and shot four or +five through my great coat. The moment they fired their guns they ran +towards us and yelled so frightfully, that the wounds and the yelling of +the Indians scared my horse so that he jumped so suddenly to one side of +the road, that my gun fell off my shoulder, and twisted out of my hand; +I then bore all my weight on one stirrup, in order to catch my gun, but +could not. I had a large bag of beaver fur, which prevented me from +recovering my saddle, and having no girth nor crupper to my saddle, it +turned and fell off my horse, and I fell with it, but caught on my feet +and held the mane; I made several attempts to mount my horse again; but +the Indians running up so close, and making such a frightful yelling, +that my horse jumped and pranced so that it was impossible for me to +mount him again, but I held fast to my horse's mane for twenty or thirty +yards; then my hold broke and I fell on my hands and knees, and stumbled +along about four or five steps before I could recover myself. By the +time I got fairly on my feet, the Indians were about eight or ten yards +from me—I saw then there was no other way for me to make my escape but +by fast running, and I was determined to try it, and had but little +hopes at first of my being able to escape. I ran about one hundred yards +before I looked back—I thought almost every step I could feel the +scalping knife cutting my scalp off. I found I was gaining ground on +them, I felt encouraged and ran about three hundred yards farther, and +looking back saw that I had gained about one hundred yards, and +considering myself quite out of danger. A thought then occurred to me, +that I was as safe and out of danger as I would be if I were in the City +of Philadelphia: the Indians had quit yelling and slacked their +running—but I did not know it then. It being a tolerable cold morning +and I was heavily clad, I thought perhaps the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> Indians would give me a +long chase, and probably that they would hold out better than I could; +although at that time I did not feel the least tired or out of breath. I +concluded to throw off my two coats and shoes, as I would then be better +prepared for a long race. I had my great coat tied around me with a silk +handkerchief pretty much worn—I recollect tying it with a slip knot, +but being in a hurry, it was drawn into a double hard knot; I tried some +little time to get it loose—the longer I tried the harder the knot +seemed to get, that stopped my running considerably; at length I broke +it by some means, I do not know how. In the morning I forgot to put on +my shot pouch before I put on my great coat, and then put it on over it. +I pulled off the sleeves of my great coat, not thinking of my shot-pouch +being over my coat, it having a very short strap, the coat got so tight +in the strap that I could not get it loose for a considerable time. +Still trying, it hung down and trailed on the ground, and every two or +three steps it would wrap around my legs and throw me down, and I would +catch on my hands and knees, it served me so several times, so that I +could make no headway at running. After some considerable time, I broke +the strap and my great coat dropped from me—I had no knife with me.</p> + +<p>The Indians discovered that something was the matter and saw me tumbling +down several times. I suppose they thought I was wounded and could run +no farther; they then set up the yell again and mended their gait +running. By the time I got my great coat loose from me, and was in the +act of pulling off my under coat, I was pulling off one sleeve I looked +back over my shoulder, but had not time to pull it off—the Indians +being within ten yards of me. I then started again to run, but could not +gain any ground on them, nor they on me; we ran about one hundred yards +farther and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> neither appeared to gain ground: there was a small pathway +that was a little nearer than to keep the big road,—I kept the big +road, the Indians took the path, and when we came where the path comes +into the big road the Indians were within three or four yards from +me—we ran forty or fifty steps farther and neither appeared to gain +ground. I expected every moment they would strike me with their +tomahawks—I thought it would not do to be killed running like a coward +and saw no other way to make my escape than to face about and to catch +the tomahawk from the first that attempted to strike me, and jerk it +from him, which I made no doubt but I was able to do; then I would have +a weapon to fight with as well as them, and by that means I would be +able to make my escape; they had thrown down their guns before they gave +me chase, but I had not fairly faced about before an Indian caught me by +the shoulder and held his tomahawk behind him and made no attempt to +strike me. I then thought it best for me not to make any resistance till +I would see whether he would attempt to strike me or not. He held me by +the shoulder till another came up and took hold of me, which was only +four or five moments; then a third Indian came up, the first Indian that +took hold of me took the handle of his tomahawk and rubbed it on my +shoulder and down my arm, which was a token that he would not kill me +and that I was his prisoner. Then they all took their hands off me and +stood around me. The fourth Indian came up and attempted to strike me, +but the first Indian that caught me pushed him away. He was still +determined to kill me, and tried to get around to my back; but I still +faced round as he was trying to get to my back—when he got up by my +side, he drew his tomahawk the second time to strike me, but the same +Indian pushed him off and scolded him very much—he let<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> his tomahawk +hang by his side, but still intended to kill me if he could get an +opportunity. The other Indians watched him very closely. There were but +four Indians that gave me chase, they were all naked except their +breachcloth, leggins and moccasins. They then began to talk to me in +their own language, and said they were Kickapoos, that they were very +good Indians, and I need not be afraid, they would not hurt me, and I +was now a Kickapoo and must go with them, they would take me to the +Matocush, meaning a French trading town on the Wabash river. When the +Indians caught me I saw Mr. Vallis about one hundred yards before me on +the road—he had made a halt. They shot him in the left thigh about +seven or eight inches above the knee, the ball came out just below his +hip, his horse was not injured—he rode an elegant horse which carried +him out of all farther danger—his wound mortified, he lived six weeks +after he was wounded, then died. I understood their language, and could +speak a little. They then told me to march; an Indian took hold of each +of my arms, and led me back to where they shot at me, and then went +about half a mile further off the road, where they had encamped the +night before and left their blankets and other things. They then took +off my under coat and tied my hands behind my back, and then tied a rope +to that, tying about six or seven feet long, we then started in a great +hurry, and an Indian held one end of the rope while we were marching. +There were but eight Indians marched in company with me that morning +from the camp. The other eight took some other route, and never fell in +with us again, until some time after we got to their towns. We had +marched about three or four miles from that camp when Vallis arrived at +the fort, about six miles from where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> they caught me, where they fired a +swivel to alarm the people who were out of the fort—when the Indians +heard the swivel they were very much alarmed, and all looked that way +and hallowed yough, yough. They then commenced running, and run in a +pretty smart trot of a run for five or six miles before they halted, and +then walked very fast until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when they +separated, I supposed to hunt, having nothing to eat. The old chief and +one of the other Indians kept on a straight course with me, we traveled +about three miles, when we got a little way into a small prairie and +halted about fifteen minutes, there one of the party fell in with us, he +had killed a bear and brought as much of the meat with him as he could +carry. We then crossed the prairie and came to a large run about one +mile and a half from where we had halted to rest. By this time three +Indians had joined us. We halted there, made a fire and roasted the bear +meat, the other two Indians staid behind as spies. Whilst the meat was +cooking, the Indians held a council what they would do with the Indian +that wanted to kill me. He was a young fellow about 19 years of age and +of a different nation, being a Pottowatema. They did not want him to go +to war with them; they said he was a great coward and would not go into +danger till there was no risk to run, then he would run forward and get +the best of the plunder, and that he would not be commanded; he would do +as he pleased; was very selfish and stubborn; and was determined to kill +me if he could get a chance. They determined in their council to kill +him. It is a law with the Indians when they go to war, if an Indian will +not obey the counsels and commands of his captain or chief, to kill +them. When their meat was cooked, they ate very hearty, and when they +were done eating, three of the Indians got up, put on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> their budgets and +started, this young Indian was one of them. I also got up to show a +willingness to be ready. The old chief told me to sit down, and the +three Indians started off. In about three or four minutes after we +started, but varied a little in our course. We had not traveled more +than one hundred yards when we heard the report of a gun. The old chief +then told me that they had killed the Indian that wanted to kill me. The +other two Indians fell in company with us before night. We then traveled +till about 10 o'clock in the night, when we encamped at a large grove of +timber in a prairie, about four miles from the edge of the woods; made +no fire that night. We traveled about forty miles that day. After they +rested a while they sat down to eat their jirk. They gave me some but I +could not eat any. After they were done eating, one of the Indians was +sitting with his back against a tree, with his knife between his legs. I +was sitting facing him with my feet nearly touching his. He began to +inquire of me of what nation I belonged to. I was determined to pretend +that I was ignorant and could not understand him. I did not wish them to +know that I could speak some Indian language, and understand them better +than I could speak. He first asked me in Indian if I was a Matocush, +(that is a Frenchman in English). I told him no. He asked me if I was a +Sagenash, (an Englishman). I told him no. He again asked if I was a +Shemolsea, (that is a long knife or a Virginian). I told him no. He then +asked me if I was a Bostonely, (that is American). I told him no. About +one minute afterwards, he asked me the same questions over again. I then +answered him yes; he then spoke English and caught up his knife in his +hand, and said "you are one dam son of a bitch." I really thought he +intended stabbing me with his knife. I knew it would not do to show +cowardice, I being pretty well acquainted with their manner<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> and ways. I +then jumped upon my feet and spoke in Indian and said manetway, kien, +depaway, in English it is no, I am very good, and clapped my hand on my +breast when I spoke and looked very bold; the other Indians all set up +such ha! ha! and laugh that it made the other Indian look very foolish. +He sat still and looked very sulky. After they had rested a while, they +began to prepare to lay down. They spread down a deer-skin and blanket +for me to lay on. They had tied a rope around my arms above my elbows, +and tied that rope across my back, and a rope around my neck; they then +tied the end of another rope behind to the neck rope, then down my back +to the pinion rope; then they drew my hands forward across my stomach +and crossed my wrists; then tied my wrists very tight; then tied my legs +together, just below my knees; then tied my feet together with a rope +round my ankles; then took a small cord and tied in between my wrists, +and also between my ankles very tight, in order to prevent me from +drawing out my hands or feet; they then took another cord and tied one +end to the neck rope; then to the hand rope; then from the hand rope to +the knee rope; they then took a rope about six feet long and tied one +end to the wrist rope, and the other end to a stake about six feet from +me stretched very tight, and an Indian laid on that rope all night; then +they took another rope about the same length, and tied one end to the +knee rope and the other end to a stake, and another Indian laid on that +all night; then they tied a large half-dressed elk rope, one end to the +back part of the neck rope which made a knot as big as my fist, the +other end they tied to a stake about six feet from my head. When they +finished their tying me, they covered me with a blanket. They tied me in +the aforegoing way nine nights in succession; they had me stretched and +tied so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> tight, that I could not move one inch to turn or rest myself; +that large knot was on the back of my neck, so that I was obliged to lay +on it all night, and it hurt my neck very much. I never suffered as much +in the same length of time in all my life; I could hardly walk when we +got out to their town. They never made me carry anything except a +blanket they gave me to keep myself warm, when they took all my clothes +from me. The Indians carried a deer-skin and blanket all the way for me +to lodge upon. When my hands and feet became sore with the tying the +Indians would always pull off my moccasins at night and put them on in +the morning, and patch them when they would require it.</p> + +<p>The second day we started very early in the morning and traveled about +thirty-five miles, which was the 29th of March.</p> + +<p>The third day we traveled about thirty miles, which was the 30th of +March. They killed a deer that day—in the evening they took the +intestines out of the deer and freed them of their contents, when they +put them in the kettles with some meat and made soup, I could not eat +any of it.</p> + +<p>The fourth day we traveled about twenty-five miles. We stopped about 3 +o'clock in the afternoon at a pond. They staid there all night. They had +some dried meat, tallow, and buffalo marrow, rendered up together, +lashed and hung upon a tree about twenty feet from the ground, which +they had left there in order to be sure to have something to eat on +their return. They killed two ducks that evening. The ducks were very +fat. They picked one of the ducks, and took out all its entrils very +nice and clean, then stuck it on a stick, and stuck the other end of the +stick in the ground before the fire, and roasted it very nice. By the +time the duck was cooked, one of the Indians went and cut a large block +out of a tree to lay<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> the duck upon; they made a little hole in the +ground to catch the fat of the duck while roasting. When the duck was +cooked, they laid it on this clean block of wood, then took a spoon and +tin cup, and lifted the grease of the duck out of the hole and took it +to the cooked duck on the table, and gave me some salt, then told me to +go and eat. I sat by and eat the whole of the duck, and could have eat +more if I would have had anything more to eat, though I had no bread. I +thought I had never eat anything before that tasted so good. That was +the first meal I had eaten for four days. The other duck they pulled a +few of the largest feathers out off, then threw the duck, guts, feathers +and all into their soup-kettle, and cooked it in that manner.</p> + +<p>The fifth day we traveled about thirty miles. That night I felt very +tired and sore, my hands, arms, legs and feet had swelled and inflamed +very much, by this time; the tying that night hurt me very much, I +thought I could not live until morning; it felt just like a rough saw +cutting my bones. I told the Indians I could not bear it, it would kill +me before morning, and asked them to unslack or unloose the wrist rope a +little, that hurt me the most. They did so, and rather more than I +expected, so much that I could draw my hands out of the tying, which I +intended to do as soon as I thought the Indians were asleep. When I +thought the Indians were all asleep I drew my right hand out of tying, +with an intention to put it back again before I would go to sleep, for +fear I should make some stir in my sleep and they might discover me. +But, finding so much more ease, and resting so much better, I fell +asleep before I knew it, without putting my hand back into the tying. +The first thing I knew about 3 o'clock in the morning, an Indian was +sitting astraddle me, drawing his tomahawk and rubbing it across my +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>forehead, every time he would draw a stroke with the pipe of his +tomahawk, he threatened to kill me, and saying I wanted to run away; I +told him to kill away. I would as leave die as live. I then told him I +was not able to run away. He then got off me, and the rest of the +Indians were all up immediately. They then held a short council and +agreed to tie me as tight as ever, and they did so. I got no more sleep +that night. I never asked them to loose my ropes any more.</p> + +<p>The sixth day we traveled about thirty miles, and had nothing to eat +that day.</p> + +<p>The seventh day we traveled about twenty-five miles; they killed a doe +that day. She had two fawns in her, not yet haired. They stopped about +four o'clock in the evening, and cooked the doe and her two fawns, and +eat the whole up that night. They gave me part of a fawn to eat, but I +could not eat it, it looked too tender. I eat part of the doe.</p> + +<p>The eighth day we traveled about twenty-five miles, and had nothing to +eat that day.</p> + +<p>The ninth day we traveled about fifteen miles. We then arrived at an +Indian hunting camp, where they made sugar that spring. About 11 o'clock +in the forenoon, we had not yet anything to eat that day. The Indians +that lived there had plenty of meat, hominy grease and sugar to eat. +They gave us plenty of everything they had to eat. We were very hungry +and ate like hungry dogs. When we were satisfied eating, the warriors +went into a large cabin and I went with them, and immediately several of +their friends came in to see them, both men and squaws, to hear the +news. It is a custom with that nation for the squaws to demand presents +of the warriors if they have been successful. After some little inquiry +the squaws<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> began to demand presents of the warriors; some would ask for +a blanket, some for a shirt, some for a tomahawk; one squaw asked for a +gun. The warriors never refused anything that was demanded. The manner +in which they made their demand was, they would go up to an Indian and +take hold of what they wanted. When the squaws were done with the +warriors, there came a squaw and took hold of my blanket; I saw how the +game was played, I just threw it off and gave it to her; then there came +up a young squaw about eleven or twelve years old and took hold of my +shirt, I did not want to let that go, as it was very cold day, and I let +on I did not understand what she wanted. She appeared to be very much +ashamed and went away. The older squaws encouraged and persuaded her to +try it again; she came up the second time and took hold of my shirt +again, I still pretended to be ignorant, but she held fast. I knew it +would have to go. One of the warriors then stepped up and told me to let +her have it. I then pulled it off and gave it to her. The old squaws +laughed very much at the young squaw. I was then quite naked and it was +a very cold day; I had nothing on me but moccasins, leggings and +breachcloth. We remained there about 3 or 4 hours. The warriors then +went out to the post to dance, they invited me to go with them to dance. +I did so, they sung and danced around the war-post for half an hour. The +old Indians would sing and dance sometimes out of the ring and appeared +very lively. The warriors then marched right off from their dance on +their journey. We had not got more than about 50 or 60 yards when I +looked back and saw a squaw running with a blanket; she threw it on my +shoulders, it fell down. I turned round and picked it up, it was a very +old, dirty, lousy blanket, though it was better than nothing, as the day +was very cold. We travelled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> about five or six miles that evening, then +encamped in the woods. I suffered very much that night from the cold.</p> + +<p>The tenth day we traveled five or six miles in the morning. We got +within a quarter of a mile of a new town, on the west bank of the Wabash +river, where those warriors resided, about nine o'clock, and made a halt +at a running branch of water, where the timber was very thick, so that +they could conceal themselves from the view of the town. Then they +washed themselves all over and dressed themselves with paint of +different colors. They made me wash, then they painted me and said I was +a Kickapoo. Then they cut a pole and pealed it, painted it different +colors and stuck the big end in the ground, and cleared a ring around +the pole for to dance in. The fifth night they cut a lock of hair out of +the crown of my head about as thick as my finger, plaited it elegantly +and put it in their conjuring bag, and hung that bag on the pole they +contemplated dancing around, and said that was their prisoner, and I was +a Kickapoo, and must dance with them. When they all got ready to dance, +the captain gave three very loud halloes, then walked into the ring and +the rest all followed him. They placed me the third next to the captain; +they then began to sing and dance. When we had danced about half an +hour, I saw several old men, boys and squaws come running to where we +were dancing. When there were a considerable number of them collected, +the captain stepped out of the ring and spoke to the squaws. He told +them to carry his and the other warriors' budgets to the town; the +captain then joined the other warriors and me in the dancing ring; he +marched in the front and we danced and sung all the way from there into +the town. Some of the old Indian warriors marched upon each side of us, +and at times would sing and dance until we got into their town. We<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +continued dancing until we got through the town to the war-post, which +stood on the west bank of the Wabash river; danced round that about +twenty minutes; they then marched into the town, took all the cords off +me, and showed me a cabin, told me to go in there, they were good +Indians, they would give me something to eat; I need not fear, as they +would not hurt me. I accordingly went in, where I received a plenty to +eat and was treated very kindly. The warriors went into other cabins and +feasted very greedily. We had not eat anything that morning nor the +night before. About one hour and a half before the sun set the same +evening, the warriors went out to the war-post again to dance. They took +me with them; several other Indians were present. They had danced about +half an hour when I saw two Indian men and a squaw riding a horseback +across the Wabash river, from the east side; they came to where we were +dancing. One of the Indians had a handkerchief tied around his head and +was carrying a gun; the other had a cocked hat on his head, and had a +large sword. The warriors never let on that they saw them, but continued +dancing about fifteen minutes. After the two Indians and squaw came up +the warriors quit dancing, and went to them and shook hands; they +appeared very glad to see each other. The captain of the warriors then +talked with them about half an hour, and appeared to be very serious in +their conversation. The captain then told me I must go with them two +Indians and squaw. The sun was just then setting; the two Indians looked +very much pleased. I did not want to go with them, as I knew not where +they were going, and would have rather remained with the warriors that +took me, as I had got acquainted with them, but the captain told me I +must go with the two Indians and squaw, and that they were very good +Indians. The Indian that had the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> sword rode up to a stump and told me +to get up behind him on his horse; I did so with great reluctance, as I +knew not where they were going; they looked very much like warriors. +However, they started off very lively, and the Indian that I was riding +behind began to plague and joke the squaw about me; she was his +sister-in-law. He was an Indian that was full of life and very funny. +When I got acquainted with him I was well pleased with him. We traveled +about ten miles that evening before we reached the place they resided. +They were then living at a sugar camp, where they had made sugar that +spring, on the west bank of the Wabash, about ten miles below the old +Kickapoos' trading town, opposite to the Weawes town. We arrived at +their sugar camp about two hours in the night. They then gave me to an +old Kickapoo chief, who was the father of the Indian that carried the +gun, and the squaw, and the father-in-law of the funny Indian. The old +chief soon began to inquire of me where I lived, and where the Indians +caught me. I told him. He then asked me if they did not kill an Indian +when they took me prisoner. I told him no, there was no body with me but +one man and he had no gun. He then asked me again, if the Indians did +not kill one of their own men when they took me. I told him I did not +know; the captain told me they did, but I did not see them kill him. The +old chief then told me that it was true, they did kill him, and said he +was a bad Indian, he wanted to kill me. By this time the young squaw, +the daughter of the old chief, whom I traveled in company with that +evening, had prepared a good supper for me; it was hominy beat in a +mortar, as white and as handsome as I ever saw, and well cooked; she +fried some dried meat, pounded very fine in a mortar, in oil, then +sprinkled sugar very plentifully over it. I ate very hearty; indeed, it +was all very good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> and well cooked. When I was done eating, the old +chief told me to eat more. I told him I had eat enough. He said no, if I +did not eat more I could not live. Then the young squaw handed me a +tincupful of water, sweetened with sugar. It relished very well. Then +the old chief began to make further inquiries. He asked me if I had a +wife and family. I told him I had a wife and three children. The old +chief then appeared to be very sorry for my misfortune, and told me that +I was among good Indians, I need not fear, they would not hurt me, and +after awhile I should go home to my family; that I should go down the +Wabash to Opost, from there down to the Ohio, then down the Ohio, and +then up the Mississippi to Kaskaskia. We sat up until almost midnight; +the old chief appeared very friendly indeed. The young squaw had +prepared a very good bed for me, with bearskins and blankets. I laid +down and slept very comfortably that night. It appeared as though I had +got into another world, after being confined and tied down with so many +ropes and the loss of sleep nine nights. I remained in bed pretty late +next morning. I felt quite easy in mind, but my wrists and legs pained +me very much and felt very sore. The young squaw had her breakfast +prepared and I eat very hearty. When breakfast was over this funny +Indian came over and took me to his cabin, about forty yards from the +old chief's. There were none living at that place then but the old +chief, his wife and daughter. They lived by themselves in one cabin and +the old chief's son and son-in-law and their wives in another cabin, and +a widow squaw, the old chief's daughter, lived by herself in a cabin +adjoining her brother and brother-in-law. None of them had any children +but the old chief. A few minutes after I went into this funny Indian's +cabin he asked me if I wanted to shave. I told him yes, my beard was +very long.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> He then got a razor and gave it to me. It was a very good +one. I told him it wanted strapping. He went and brought his shot-pouch +strap. He held one end and I the other end. I gave the razor a few +passes on the strap, and found the razor to be a very good one. By this +time the old chief's young squaw had come over; she immediately prepared +some hot water for me to shave, and brought it in a tincup and gave it +to me, and a piece of very good shaving soap. By the time I was done +shaving the young squaw had prepared some clean water in a pewter basin +for me to wash, and a cloth to wipe my hands and face. She then told me +to sit down on a bench; I did so. She got two very good combs, a coarse +and a fine one. It was then the fashion to wear long hair; my hair was +very long and very thick and very much matted and tangled; I traveled +without my hat or anything else on my head; that was the tenth day it +had not been combed. She combed out my hair very tenderly, and then took +the fine one and combed and looked over my head nearly one hour. She +then went to a trunk and got a ribbon and queued my hair very nicely. +The old chief's son then gave me a very good regimental blue cloth coat, +faced with yellow buff-colored cloth. The son-in-law gave me a very good +beaver macaroni hat. These they had taken from some officers they had +killed. Then the widow squaw took me into her cabin and gave me a new +ruffled shirt and a very good blanket. They told me to put them on; I +did so. When I had got my fine dress on, the funny Indian told me to +walk across the floor. I knew they wanted to have a little fun. I put my +arms akimbo with my hands on my hips, and walked with a very proud air +three or four times backwards and forwards across the floor. The funny +Indian said in Indian that I was a very handsome man and a big captain. +I then<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> sat down, and they viewed me very much, and said I had a very +handsome leg and thigh, and began to tell how fast I ran when the +Indians caught me, and showed how I ran—like a bird flying. They +appeared to be very well pleased with me, and I felt as comfortable as +the nature of the case would admit of.</p> + +<p>The next morning after breakfast, they all left that camp; they put all +their property into a large perouge and moved by water up the Wabash +river to the old Kickapoo trading town, about ten miles from their sugar +camp; they sent me by land and one Indian with me. When we had got about +half way to the town, we met with a young Frenchman; his name was Ebart; +I was very well acquainted with him in the Illinois country; he spoke +tolerably good English. The Indian then left me, and I went on to the +town with the young Frenchman; I got to the town before the Indians +arrived with their perouge, and the young Frenchman showed me their +cabin, and told me to stay there until they would come, that they would +be there in a few minutes. I there met with an English trader, a very +friendly man, whose name was John McCauslin; he was from the north of +England; we made some little acquaintance. He was a Freemason and +appeared very sorry for my misfortune and told me he would do everything +in his power to befriend me and told me I was with good Indians, they +would not hurt me. He inquired of me where I lived and asked if I had a +family. He then told me of the circumstance of the Indians killing one +of their own men that day they caught me. He said it was a fact, he was +a bad Indian and would not obey the commands of his captain and that he +was still determined to kill me. My Indian family soon arrived and +cleared up their cabin and got their family ready. They were a smart, +neat and cleanly family, kept their cabin very nice and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> clean, the same +as white women, and cooked their victuals very nice. After dinner was +over, there came four Indians in the old chief's cabin. Two of them were +the old chief's brother's children. They appeared to be in a very fine +humor. I did not know but that they belonged to the same family and +town. They had not been there more than one hour, until the old chief +and the four Indians sat down on the floor in the cabin and had a long +discourse about an hour and a half. Then all got up. The old chief then +told me I must go with those Indians. I told him I did not want to go. +He then told me I must go; that they were his children and that they +were very good Indians; they would not hurt me. Then the old chief gave +me to the oldest brother, in place of his father who was killed about +one year before by the white people; he was one of their chiefs. Then +the four Indians started off and I with them; they went down to the +lower end of the town and stopped at an Indian cabin and got some bread +and meat to eat. They gave me some. I did not go into the Indian cabin. +They had not been in the cabin more than ten or twelve minutes before +the old chief's young squaw came up and stood at the door. She would not +go in. I discovered the Indians laughing and plaguing her. She looked in +a very ill humor; she did not want them to take me away. They +immediately started from the cabin and took a tolerably large path that +led into the woods in a pretty smart trot. The squaw started immediately +after them. They would look back once in a while, and when they would +see the squaw coming they would whoop, hollow and laugh. When they got +out of sight of the squaw they stopped running and traveled in a +moderate walk. When we got about three miles from the town, they stopped +where a large tree had fallen by the side of the path and laid high off +the ground. They got up high on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> log and looked back to see if the +squaw was coming. When the squaw came up she stopped and they began to +plague her and laugh at her. They spoke in English. They talked very +vulgar to the squaw. She soon began to cry. When they got tired plaguing +her, they jumped off the log and started on their road in a trot, and I +ran with them. The squaw stood still till we got most out of sight. They +would look back and laugh and sometimes hollow and whoop, and appeared +to be very much diverted. They did not run very far before they +slackened in their runnings. They then walked moderately until they got +to their town, which was three miles further from the tree they stopped +at. We got into their town about one hour and a half before the sun set. +That same evening the squaw came in about half an hour after we arrived. +I met with a young man that evening who had been taken prisoner about +eighteen months before I was taken. His name was Nicholas Coonse (a +Dutchman), then about 19 years of age. He heard I was coming, and he +came to meet me a little way out of town. He was very glad to see me and +I to see him, and we soon made up acquaintance. Coonse and myself were +to live in one cabin together. The two brothers that I was given up to, +one of them claimed Coonse and the other claimed me. They both lived in +the same cabin. When the squaw arrived, she came immediately to our +cabin and stood outside at the door; she would not come in. I noticed +the Indians plaguing and laughing at her; she looked very serious. About +sunset, Coonse asked me if I wanted a wife. (He could not speak very +good English, but he could speak pretty good Indian.) I told him no. He +then told me if I wanted one I could have one. I asked him how he knew +that. He said, "There is a squaw that wants to marry you," pointing at +her. I told him I reckoned not. He says, "Yes. Indeed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> she tus; she +came after you a purpose to marry you." I told Coonse I had a wife, and +I did not want another one. He says, "O, well, if you want her you can +haf her." She stood by the door for some time after dark. I did not know +when she went away; she said two days and three nights before she +returned home. I never spoke a word to her while she was there. She was +a very handsome girl, about 18 years of age, a beautiful, full figure +and handsomely featured, and very white for a squaw. She was almost as +white as dark complexioned white women generally are. Her father and +mother were very white skinned Indians.</p> + +<p>The next day was the 9th day of April, and thirteenth day that I had +been their prisoner. The chief Indians and warriors that day held a +general council, to know in what manner and way to dispose of me. They +collected in the cabin where I lived. While they were in council their +dinner was cooking. There were about ten in number, and they all sat +down on the floor in a circle, and then commenced by their interpreter, +Nicholas Coonse.</p> + +<p>The first question they asked me was, "Would I have my hair cut off like +they cut theirs?" I answered "No." The second question they asked me +was, "If I would have holes bored in my ears and nose and have rings and +lead hung in them like they had?" I answered "No." The third question +they asked me was, "If I could make hats?" (I had a large bag of beaver +fur with me when they took me prisoner; from that circumstance I suppose +they thought I was a hatter.) I answered "No." The fourth question they +asked me was, "If I was a carpenter?" and said they wanted a door made +for their cabin. I answered "No." The fifth question they asked me was, +"If I was a blacksmith; could I mend their guns and makes axes and hoes +for them?" I answered "No." The sixth question<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> they asked me was, "If I +could hoe corn?" I answered "No". The seventh question they asked me +was, "If I could hunt?" I answered. "No. I could shoot at a mark very +well, but I never hunted any." Then they told Coonse to ask me how I got +my living; if I could do no work. I thought I had out-generalled them, +but that question stumped me a little. The first thought that struck my +mind, I thought I would tell them I was a weaver by trade, but a second +thought occurred to my mind, I told Coonse to tell them I made my living +by writing. The Indians answered and said it was very well. The eighth +question they asked me was, "If I had a family?" I answered "Yes, I had +a wife and three children." The ninth question they asked me was, "If I +wanted to go home to see my wife and children?" I answered "Yes," They +said, "Very well, you shall go home by and by." The tenth question they +asked was, "If I wanted a wife then?" I answered "No," and told them it +was not the fashion for the white people to have two wives at the same +time. They said, very well, I could get one if I wanted one, and they +said if I staid with them until their corn got in roasting ears, then I +must take a wife. I answered them yes, if I staid that long with them. +They then told me that I might go anywhere about in the town, but not go +out of sight of the town, for if I did, there were bad Indians round +about the town and they would catch me and kill me, and they said they +could run like horses; and another thing they said, don't you recollect +the Indians that took you prisoner and cut a lock of hair out of the +crown of your head. I told them yes. Then they told me in consequence of +that, if you attempted to run away, you could not live eight days. If +you will stay with us and not run away, you shall not even bring water +to drink. I told them I wanted to go home to my family, but I would not +go<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> without letting them know before I went. They said, very well. They +appeared well pleased with me and told me again I might go anywhere +about in the town, but not go out of sight of the town. I was sitting on +a bench, when the old chief got up and put both his hands on my head and +said something, I did not know what. Then he gave me a name and called +me "Mohcossea," after the old chief that was killed, who was the father +of the Indian that I was given up to. Then I was considered one of that +family, a Kickapoo in place of their father, the old chief. Then the +principal chief took the peace pipe and smoked two or three draws. It +had a long stem about three feet in length. He then passed it round to +the other Indians before they raised from their council. He held the +pipe by the end and each of them took two or three draws. Then he handed +it to me and I smoked. The chief then said I was a Kickapoo and that +they were good Indians and that I need not be afraid; they would not +hurt me, but I must not run away.</p> + +<p>By this time their dinner was prepared and they were ready to eat. They +all sat down and told me to sit by. I did, and we all eat a hearty +dinner and they all appeared to be well pleased with their new adopted +Kickapoo brother.</p> + +<p>These Indians lived about six miles west of the old Kickapoo trading +town, on the west side of the Wabash river. They had no traders in their +town. After dinner was over, they told the interpreter Coons that I must +write to their trading town for some bread. I told Coons to tell them I +had nothing to write with—no paper, nor pen and ink. They said I must +write. I told Coons to tell them again I had no paper nor nothing to +write with. Coons told them. Then the Indian that claimed me went to his +trunk and brought me a letter that had one-half sheet of it clean paper. +I told Coons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> to tell them I wanted a pen. The same Indian went and +pulled a quill out of a turkey wing and gave it to me. I told Coons I +wanted a knife to make the pen. The same Indian got his scalping knife; +he gave it two or three little whets and gave it to me. I then told +Coons I wanted some ink. Coons says, "Ink—ink; what is tat? I ton't +know what ink is." He had no name for ink in Indian or English. I told +him to tell the Indian to get me some gunpowder and water and a spoon +and I would make the ink myself. The Indian did so. I knew very well +what their drift was; they wanted a proof to know whether I told them +any lies when they examined me in their council. When I had made the ink +and was ready to write I asked Coons how many loaves of bread I should +write for. He says, "Ho! a couple of lofes; tay only want to know if you +can write or if you told them any lies or not." I wrote to the English +trader, that I mentioned before that I had made some acquaintance with +the day I passed the old trading town, for to get me two loaves of +bread. He very well knew my situation and circumstances. There was a +Frenchman, a baker, that lived in the trading town.</p> + +<p>When I had finished writing, the Indian took it up and looked at it and +said, "Depaway, vely good." Coons' master, a brother to the one that +claimed me, told Coons to go catch his horse and take the letter for the +bread, not stay, but return as soon as possible. Coons hurried off +immediately and soon returned. As soon as he came back he brought the +two loaves of bread and gave them to me. I then asked Coons what I +should do with this bread, as he was somewhat better acquainted with the +ways of the Indians than I was. He says, "Kife one loaf to tay old squaw +and her two little chiltren, and tofide the otter loaf petween you and +your master, put keep a pigest half." I did so. This old squaw was the +mother of the two Indians<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> that claimed Coons and myself. The old squaw +and her two children soon eat their loaf. I then divided my half between +the two little children again. That pleased the old squaw very much; she +tried to make me sensible of her thanks for my kindness to her two +little children.</p> + +<p>While Coons was gone for the bread, the Indian that claimed me asked me +to write his name. I asked him to speak his name distinctly. He did. I +had heard it spoken several times before. His name was "Mahtomack." When +I was done writing he took it up and looked at it and said it was +"Depaway." He then went to his trunk and brought his powder horn, which +had his name wrote on it by an officer at Post Vincennes in large print +letters, and compared them together. They both were the same kind of +letters and his name spelt exactly the same. He seemed mightily pleased +and said it was "bon vely good." It was a big captain he said wrote his +name on the powder-horn at Opost. The wife of the Indian that claimed +me, next morning combed and queued my hair and gave me a very large +ostrich feather and tied it to my hat. The Sunday following after I was +taken to that town, there was a number of Indians went from that town to +the old Kickapoo trading town. They took me with them to dance what is +called the "Beggar's Dance." It is a practice for the Indians every +spring, when they come in from their hunting ground, to go to the +trading towns and dance for presents; they will go through the streets +and dance before all the traders' doors. The traders then will give them +presents, such as tobacco, bread, knives, spirits, blankets, tomahawks, +&c.</p> + +<p>While we were in town that day I talked with my friend McCauslin to +speak to the Indians and try to get them to sell me, but they would not +agree to sell me then. They said they would come down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> the Sunday +following and bring me with them, perhaps they would then agree to sell +me. They complied with their promise and brought me down with them. My +friend McCauslin then inquired of them if they had agreed to sell me; +they told him they would. McCauslin then sent for the interpreter, and +the Indians asked one hundred buckskins for me in merchandize. The +interpreter asked me if I would give it? I told him I would. The Indians +then went to the traders' houses to receive their pay. They took but +seventy bucks' worth of merchandize at that time. One of the articles +they took was bread, three loaves, one for the Indian that claimed me, +one for his wife, the other one for me. I saw directly they wanted me to +go back home with them. After a little while they started and motioned +and told me I must go with them. I refused to go. The Indian fellow took +hold of my arm and tried to pull me forward. I still refused going with +them. He still continued pulling and his wife pushing me at the back. We +went scuffling along a few yards till we got before my friend +McCauslin's cabin door. He discovered the bustle and asked me what the +Indians wanted. I told him they wanted me to go home with them. He asked +me if I wanted to go. I told him no. He then told me to walk into his +cabin and sit down and he would go and bring the interpreter. I went in +and the two Indians followed me into the cabin and sat down. The +interpreter came in immediately and asked the Indians what they wanted. +They told him they wanted me to go home with them. The interpreter then +asked if I wanted to go with them. I told him no. He then told the +Indians they had sold me and that they had nothing more to do with me, +that I was a freeman, that I might stay where I pleased. They then said +they had not received all their pay. The interpreter then asked them why +they did not take it all? They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> said they expected I would go home with +them and remain with them until I got an opportunity to go home. The +interpreter then told them they could get the balance of their pay. They +said if I did not go home with them they must have thirty bucks more. +The interpreter asked me if I was willing to give it. I told him yes. I +did not want to go back again. The Indians then went and took their +thirty dollars of balance and thirty more and went off home. I then owed +the traders that advanced the goods for me one hundred and thirty +buckskins for my ransom, which they considered equal to $260 in silver. +There were five traders that were concerned in the payment of the goods +to the Indians. One of them was a Mr. Bazedone a Spaniard, who sometimes +traded in the Illinois country, with whom I had some acquaintance. I +told him if he would satisfy the other four traders, I would give him my +note, payable in the Illinois country. He did so, and I gave him my note +for the $260, to be paid twelve months after date in the Illinois +country, and $37 more for my boarding and necessaries I could not do +without, such as a bear skin and blanket to sleep on, a shirt, hat, +tobacco and handkerchief.</p> + +<p>My friend McCauslin took me to a Frenchman's house—he was a baker by +trade, the only baker in town—to board with him until I got an +opportunity to go home. Two days after I went to stay at the baker's, +the Indian that claimed me, his squaw and the young squaw that followed +us to the new town, came to see me and stayed three or four hours with +me. He asked me to give him some tobacco. I told him I had no money. He +thought I could get anything I wanted. I bought him a carrot of tobacco; +it weighed about three pounds; he seemed very well pleased. He and his +wife wanted me very much to go back home with them again. I told them I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> +could not, that I was very anxious to go home to my wife and family. +Three or four days after that they revisited me, and still insisted on +me to go home with them. I told them that I expected every day to get an +opportunity to go home. I had some doubts about going back with them; I +thought perhaps they might play some trick on me, and take me to some +other town; and their water was so bad I could not drink it—nothing but +a small pond to make use of for their drinking and cooking, about forty +or fifty yards long and about thirty yards wide. Their horses would not +only drink from, but wallow in it; the little Indian boys every day +would swim in it, and the Indians soak their deerskins in it. I could +not bear to drink it. When they would bring in a kettle of water to +drink, they would set it down on the floor. The dogs would generally +took the first drink out of the kettle. I have often seen when the dogs +would be drinking out of a kettle, an Indian would go up and kick him +off, and take up the kettle and drink after the dog. They had nothing to +eat the last week I was with them but Indian potatoes—some people call +them hoppines—that grew in the woods, and they were very scarce. +Sometimes the Indian boys would catch land terrapins. They would draw +their heads out and tie a string around their neck and hang them up a +few minutes, and then put them in a kettle of water with some corn—when +they had it—without taking the entrails out or shell off the terrapin, +and eat the soup as well as the meat. We had all liked to have starved +that week; we had no meat; I was glad to get away.</p> + +<p>I staid three weeks with the French baker before I got an opportunity to +start home. I had a plenty to eat while I remained with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> the baker—good +light bread, bacon and sandy hill cranes, boiled in leyed corn, which +made a very good soup. I paid him three dollars per week for my board.</p> + +<p>There was a Mr. Pyatt a Frenchman, and his wife, whose residence was at +St. Vincennes, with whom I had some acquaintance. They had moved up to +that Kickapoo town in the fall of the year in order to trade with the +Indians that winter. They were then ready to return home to Vincennes. +Mr. Pyatt had purchased a drove of horses from the Indians. He had to go +by land with his horses. Mrs. Pyatt hired a large perogue and four +Frenchmen to take her property home to Vincennes. I got a passage in her +perogue. She was very friendly to me; she did not charge me anything for +my passage.</p> + +<p>We arrived in Vincennes in forty-eight hours after we left the Kickapoo +trading town, which is said to be two hundred and ten miles. The river +was very high, and the four hands rowed day and night. We never put to +land but twice to get a little wood to cook something to eat.</p> + +<p>I staid five days at Vincennes before I got an opportunity of company to +go on my way home. It was too dangerous for one man to travel alone by +land without a gun. There was a Mr. Duff, who lived in the Illinois +country, came to Vincennes to move a Mrs. Moredock and family to the +Illinois. I got a passage with him by water. The morning I started from +Vincennes he was just ready to start before I knew I could get a passage +with him, and I had not time to write. I got a Mr. John Rice Jones, a +friend of mine, to write to Col. Edgar, living in Kaskaskia, in the +Illinois, who was a particular friend of mine, and sent it by the +express, a Frenchman, that was going to start that day from Vincennes to +Kaskaskia, which he could ride in four days, and request Col. Edgar to +write to my wife,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> who lived at Bellfontain, about forty miles from +Kaskaskia, and inform her that I was at Post Vincennes, on my return +home with a Mr. Duff by water, and inform her that I would be at +Kaskaskia on a certain day; I think it was two weeks from the time I +left Vincennes, and for her to send me a horse on that day to Kaskaskia. +Col. Edgar wrote to her immediately, as soon as he received Mr. Jones' +letter. That was the first time she heard from me after I was taken +prisoner. I had written to her while I was at the Kickapoo town. That +letter never reached her. I had two brothers living at the Bellfontain; +they met me on the day I proposed being at Kaskaskia and brought me a +horse. The next day I got home to the Bellfontain.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Captivity of William +Biggs among the Kickapoo Indians in Illinois in 1788, by William Biggs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAPTIVITY OF WILLIAM BIGGS *** + +***** This file should be named 26799-h.htm or 26799-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/7/9/26799/ + +Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Narrative of the Captivity of William Biggs among the Kickapoo Indians in Illinois in 1788 + +Author: William Biggs + +Release Date: October 7, 2008 [EBook #26799] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAPTIVITY OF WILLIAM BIGGS *** + + + + +Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +INDIAN CAPTIVITY + +OF WILLIAM BIGGS + + +_Heartman's Historical Series Number 37_ + + + + +NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY OF _WILLIAM BIGGS_ + +AMONG THE KICKAPOO INDIANS IN Illinois in 1788 + +Written By Himself + +Eighty-one Copies Re-Printed In Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-two. + + +Number ... of 81 Copies Reprinted. + +Also Five Copies Issued on Japan Paper. + + + + +NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY OF WILLIAM BIGGS +AMONG THE KICKAPOO INDIANS IN ILLINOIS IN 1788 + + +In the year 1788, March 28th, I was going from Bellfontain to Cahokia, +in company with a young man named John Vallis, from the State of +Maryland; he was born and raised near Baltimore. About 7 o'clock in the +morning I heard two guns fired; by the report I thought they were to the +right; I thought they were white men hunting; both shot at the same +time. I looked but could not see any body; in a moment after I looked to +the left and saw sixteen Indians, all upon their feet with their guns +presented, about forty yards distant from me, just ready to draw +trigger. I was riding between Vallis and the Indians in a slow trot, at +the moment I saw them. I whipped my horse and leaned my breast on the +horse's withers, and told Vallis to whip his horse, that they were +Indians. That moment they all fired their guns in one platoon; you could +scarcely distinguish the report of their guns one from another. They +shot four bullets into my horse, one high up in his withers, one in the +bulge of the ribs near my thigh, and two in his rump, and shot four or +five through my great coat. The moment they fired their guns they ran +towards us and yelled so frightfully, that the wounds and the yelling of +the Indians scared my horse so that he jumped so suddenly to one side of +the road, that my gun fell off my shoulder, and twisted out of my hand; +I then bore all my weight on one stirrup, in order to catch my gun, but +could not. I had a large bag of beaver fur, which prevented me from +recovering my saddle, and having no girth nor crupper to my saddle, it +turned and fell off my horse, and I fell with it, but caught on my feet +and held the mane; I made several attempts to mount my horse again; but +the Indians running up so close, and making such a frightful yelling, +that my horse jumped and pranced so that it was impossible for me to +mount him again, but I held fast to my horse's mane for twenty or thirty +yards; then my hold broke and I fell on my hands and knees, and stumbled +along about four or five steps before I could recover myself. By the +time I got fairly on my feet, the Indians were about eight or ten yards +from me--I saw then there was no other way for me to make my escape but +by fast running, and I was determined to try it, and had but little +hopes at first of my being able to escape. I ran about one hundred yards +before I looked back--I thought almost every step I could feel the +scalping knife cutting my scalp off. I found I was gaining ground on +them, I felt encouraged and ran about three hundred yards farther, and +looking back saw that I had gained about one hundred yards, and +considering myself quite out of danger. A thought then occurred to me, +that I was as safe and out of danger as I would be if I were in the City +of Philadelphia: the Indians had quit yelling and slacked their +running--but I did not know it then. It being a tolerable cold morning +and I was heavily clad, I thought perhaps the Indians would give me a +long chase, and probably that they would hold out better than I could; +although at that time I did not feel the least tired or out of breath. I +concluded to throw off my two coats and shoes, as I would then be better +prepared for a long race. I had my great coat tied around me with a silk +handkerchief pretty much worn--I recollect tying it with a slip knot, +but being in a hurry, it was drawn into a double hard knot; I tried some +little time to get it loose--the longer I tried the harder the knot +seemed to get, that stopped my running considerably; at length I broke +it by some means, I do not know how. In the morning I forgot to put on +my shot pouch before I put on my great coat, and then put it on over it. +I pulled off the sleeves of my great coat, not thinking of my shot-pouch +being over my coat, it having a very short strap, the coat got so tight +in the strap that I could not get it loose for a considerable time. +Still trying, it hung down and trailed on the ground, and every two or +three steps it would wrap around my legs and throw me down, and I would +catch on my hands and knees, it served me so several times, so that I +could make no headway at running. After some considerable time, I broke +the strap and my great coat dropped from me--I had no knife with me. + +The Indians discovered that something was the matter and saw me tumbling +down several times. I suppose they thought I was wounded and could run +no farther; they then set up the yell again and mended their gait +running. By the time I got my great coat loose from me, and was in the +act of pulling off my under coat, I was pulling off one sleeve I looked +back over my shoulder, but had not time to pull it off--the Indians +being within ten yards of me. I then started again to run, but could not +gain any ground on them, nor they on me; we ran about one hundred yards +farther and neither appeared to gain ground: there was a small pathway +that was a little nearer than to keep the big road,--I kept the big +road, the Indians took the path, and when we came where the path comes +into the big road the Indians were within three or four yards from +me--we ran forty or fifty steps farther and neither appeared to gain +ground. I expected every moment they would strike me with their +tomahawks--I thought it would not do to be killed running like a coward +and saw no other way to make my escape than to face about and to catch +the tomahawk from the first that attempted to strike me, and jerk it +from him, which I made no doubt but I was able to do; then I would have +a weapon to fight with as well as them, and by that means I would be +able to make my escape; they had thrown down their guns before they gave +me chase, but I had not fairly faced about before an Indian caught me by +the shoulder and held his tomahawk behind him and made no attempt to +strike me. I then thought it best for me not to make any resistance till +I would see whether he would attempt to strike me or not. He held me by +the shoulder till another came up and took hold of me, which was only +four or five moments; then a third Indian came up, the first Indian that +took hold of me took the handle of his tomahawk and rubbed it on my +shoulder and down my arm, which was a token that he would not kill me +and that I was his prisoner. Then they all took their hands off me and +stood around me. The fourth Indian came up and attempted to strike me, +but the first Indian that caught me pushed him away. He was still +determined to kill me, and tried to get around to my back; but I still +faced round as he was trying to get to my back--when he got up by my +side, he drew his tomahawk the second time to strike me, but the same +Indian pushed him off and scolded him very much--he let his tomahawk +hang by his side, but still intended to kill me if he could get an +opportunity. The other Indians watched him very closely. There were but +four Indians that gave me chase, they were all naked except their +breachcloth, leggins and moccasins. They then began to talk to me in +their own language, and said they were Kickapoos, that they were very +good Indians, and I need not be afraid, they would not hurt me, and I +was now a Kickapoo and must go with them, they would take me to the +Matocush, meaning a French trading town on the Wabash river. When the +Indians caught me I saw Mr. Vallis about one hundred yards before me on +the road--he had made a halt. They shot him in the left thigh about +seven or eight inches above the knee, the ball came out just below his +hip, his horse was not injured--he rode an elegant horse which carried +him out of all farther danger--his wound mortified, he lived six weeks +after he was wounded, then died. I understood their language, and could +speak a little. They then told me to march; an Indian took hold of each +of my arms, and led me back to where they shot at me, and then went +about half a mile further off the road, where they had encamped the +night before and left their blankets and other things. They then took +off my under coat and tied my hands behind my back, and then tied a rope +to that, tying about six or seven feet long, we then started in a great +hurry, and an Indian held one end of the rope while we were marching. +There were but eight Indians marched in company with me that morning +from the camp. The other eight took some other route, and never fell in +with us again, until some time after we got to their towns. We had +marched about three or four miles from that camp when Vallis arrived at +the fort, about six miles from where they caught me, where they fired a +swivel to alarm the people who were out of the fort--when the Indians +heard the swivel they were very much alarmed, and all looked that way +and hallowed yough, yough. They then commenced running, and run in a +pretty smart trot of a run for five or six miles before they halted, and +then walked very fast until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when they +separated, I supposed to hunt, having nothing to eat. The old chief and +one of the other Indians kept on a straight course with me, we traveled +about three miles, when we got a little way into a small prairie and +halted about fifteen minutes, there one of the party fell in with us, he +had killed a bear and brought as much of the meat with him as he could +carry. We then crossed the prairie and came to a large run about one +mile and a half from where we had halted to rest. By this time three +Indians had joined us. We halted there, made a fire and roasted the bear +meat, the other two Indians staid behind as spies. Whilst the meat was +cooking, the Indians held a council what they would do with the Indian +that wanted to kill me. He was a young fellow about 19 years of age and +of a different nation, being a Pottowatema. They did not want him to go +to war with them; they said he was a great coward and would not go into +danger till there was no risk to run, then he would run forward and get +the best of the plunder, and that he would not be commanded; he would do +as he pleased; was very selfish and stubborn; and was determined to kill +me if he could get a chance. They determined in their council to kill +him. It is a law with the Indians when they go to war, if an Indian will +not obey the counsels and commands of his captain or chief, to kill +them. When their meat was cooked, they ate very hearty, and when they +were done eating, three of the Indians got up, put on their budgets and +started, this young Indian was one of them. I also got up to show a +willingness to be ready. The old chief told me to sit down, and the +three Indians started off. In about three or four minutes after we +started, but varied a little in our course. We had not traveled more +than one hundred yards when we heard the report of a gun. The old chief +then told me that they had killed the Indian that wanted to kill me. The +other two Indians fell in company with us before night. We then traveled +till about 10 o'clock in the night, when we encamped at a large grove of +timber in a prairie, about four miles from the edge of the woods; made +no fire that night. We traveled about forty miles that day. After they +rested a while they sat down to eat their jirk. They gave me some but I +could not eat any. After they were done eating, one of the Indians was +sitting with his back against a tree, with his knife between his legs. I +was sitting facing him with my feet nearly touching his. He began to +inquire of me of what nation I belonged to. I was determined to pretend +that I was ignorant and could not understand him. I did not wish them to +know that I could speak some Indian language, and understand them better +than I could speak. He first asked me in Indian if I was a Matocush, +(that is a Frenchman in English). I told him no. He asked me if I was a +Sagenash, (an Englishman). I told him no. He again asked if I was a +Shemolsea, (that is a long knife or a Virginian). I told him no. He then +asked me if I was a Bostonely, (that is American). I told him no. About +one minute afterwards, he asked me the same questions over again. I then +answered him yes; he then spoke English and caught up his knife in his +hand, and said "you are one dam son of a bitch." I really thought he +intended stabbing me with his knife. I knew it would not do to show +cowardice, I being pretty well acquainted with their manner and ways. I +then jumped upon my feet and spoke in Indian and said manetway, kien, +depaway, in English it is no, I am very good, and clapped my hand on my +breast when I spoke and looked very bold; the other Indians all set up +such ha! ha! and laugh that it made the other Indian look very foolish. +He sat still and looked very sulky. After they had rested a while, they +began to prepare to lay down. They spread down a deer-skin and blanket +for me to lay on. They had tied a rope around my arms above my elbows, +and tied that rope across my back, and a rope around my neck; they then +tied the end of another rope behind to the neck rope, then down my back +to the pinion rope; then they drew my hands forward across my stomach +and crossed my wrists; then tied my wrists very tight; then tied my legs +together, just below my knees; then tied my feet together with a rope +round my ankles; then took a small cord and tied in between my wrists, +and also between my ankles very tight, in order to prevent me from +drawing out my hands or feet; they then took another cord and tied one +end to the neck rope; then to the hand rope; then from the hand rope to +the knee rope; they then took a rope about six feet long and tied one +end to the wrist rope, and the other end to a stake about six feet from +me stretched very tight, and an Indian laid on that rope all night; then +they took another rope about the same length, and tied one end to the +knee rope and the other end to a stake, and another Indian laid on that +all night; then they tied a large half-dressed elk rope, one end to the +back part of the neck rope which made a knot as big as my fist, the +other end they tied to a stake about six feet from my head. When they +finished their tying me, they covered me with a blanket. They tied me in +the aforegoing way nine nights in succession; they had me stretched and +tied so tight, that I could not move one inch to turn or rest myself; +that large knot was on the back of my neck, so that I was obliged to lay +on it all night, and it hurt my neck very much. I never suffered as much +in the same length of time in all my life; I could hardly walk when we +got out to their town. They never made me carry anything except a +blanket they gave me to keep myself warm, when they took all my clothes +from me. The Indians carried a deer-skin and blanket all the way for me +to lodge upon. When my hands and feet became sore with the tying the +Indians would always pull off my moccasins at night and put them on in +the morning, and patch them when they would require it. + +The second day we started very early in the morning and traveled about +thirty-five miles, which was the 29th of March. + +The third day we traveled about thirty miles, which was the 30th of +March. They killed a deer that day--in the evening they took the +intestines out of the deer and freed them of their contents, when they +put them in the kettles with some meat and made soup, I could not eat +any of it. + +The fourth day we traveled about twenty-five miles. We stopped about 3 +o'clock in the afternoon at a pond. They staid there all night. They had +some dried meat, tallow, and buffalo marrow, rendered up together, +lashed and hung upon a tree about twenty feet from the ground, which +they had left there in order to be sure to have something to eat on +their return. They killed two ducks that evening. The ducks were very +fat. They picked one of the ducks, and took out all its entrils very +nice and clean, then stuck it on a stick, and stuck the other end of the +stick in the ground before the fire, and roasted it very nice. By the +time the duck was cooked, one of the Indians went and cut a large block +out of a tree to lay the duck upon; they made a little hole in the +ground to catch the fat of the duck while roasting. When the duck was +cooked, they laid it on this clean block of wood, then took a spoon and +tin cup, and lifted the grease of the duck out of the hole and took it +to the cooked duck on the table, and gave me some salt, then told me to +go and eat. I sat by and eat the whole of the duck, and could have eat +more if I would have had anything more to eat, though I had no bread. I +thought I had never eat anything before that tasted so good. That was +the first meal I had eaten for four days. The other duck they pulled a +few of the largest feathers out off, then threw the duck, guts, feathers +and all into their soup-kettle, and cooked it in that manner. + +The fifth day we traveled about thirty miles. That night I felt very +tired and sore, my hands, arms, legs and feet had swelled and inflamed +very much, by this time; the tying that night hurt me very much, I +thought I could not live until morning; it felt just like a rough saw +cutting my bones. I told the Indians I could not bear it, it would kill +me before morning, and asked them to unslack or unloose the wrist rope a +little, that hurt me the most. They did so, and rather more than I +expected, so much that I could draw my hands out of the tying, which I +intended to do as soon as I thought the Indians were asleep. When I +thought the Indians were all asleep I drew my right hand out of tying, +with an intention to put it back again before I would go to sleep, for +fear I should make some stir in my sleep and they might discover me. +But, finding so much more ease, and resting so much better, I fell +asleep before I knew it, without putting my hand back into the tying. +The first thing I knew about 3 o'clock in the morning, an Indian was +sitting astraddle me, drawing his tomahawk and rubbing it across my +forehead, every time he would draw a stroke with the pipe of his +tomahawk, he threatened to kill me, and saying I wanted to run away; I +told him to kill away. I would as leave die as live. I then told him I +was not able to run away. He then got off me, and the rest of the +Indians were all up immediately. They then held a short council and +agreed to tie me as tight as ever, and they did so. I got no more sleep +that night. I never asked them to loose my ropes any more. + +The sixth day we traveled about thirty miles, and had nothing to eat +that day. + +The seventh day we traveled about twenty-five miles; they killed a doe +that day. She had two fawns in her, not yet haired. They stopped about +four o'clock in the evening, and cooked the doe and her two fawns, and +eat the whole up that night. They gave me part of a fawn to eat, but I +could not eat it, it looked too tender. I eat part of the doe. + +The eighth day we traveled about twenty-five miles, and had nothing to +eat that day. + +The ninth day we traveled about fifteen miles. We then arrived at an +Indian hunting camp, where they made sugar that spring. About 11 o'clock +in the forenoon, we had not yet anything to eat that day. The Indians +that lived there had plenty of meat, hominy grease and sugar to eat. +They gave us plenty of everything they had to eat. We were very hungry +and ate like hungry dogs. When we were satisfied eating, the warriors +went into a large cabin and I went with them, and immediately several of +their friends came in to see them, both men and squaws, to hear the +news. It is a custom with that nation for the squaws to demand presents +of the warriors if they have been successful. After some little inquiry +the squaws began to demand presents of the warriors; some would ask for +a blanket, some for a shirt, some for a tomahawk; one squaw asked for a +gun. The warriors never refused anything that was demanded. The manner +in which they made their demand was, they would go up to an Indian and +take hold of what they wanted. When the squaws were done with the +warriors, there came a squaw and took hold of my blanket; I saw how the +game was played, I just threw it off and gave it to her; then there came +up a young squaw about eleven or twelve years old and took hold of my +shirt, I did not want to let that go, as it was very cold day, and I let +on I did not understand what she wanted. She appeared to be very much +ashamed and went away. The older squaws encouraged and persuaded her to +try it again; she came up the second time and took hold of my shirt +again, I still pretended to be ignorant, but she held fast. I knew it +would have to go. One of the warriors then stepped up and told me to let +her have it. I then pulled it off and gave it to her. The old squaws +laughed very much at the young squaw. I was then quite naked and it was +a very cold day; I had nothing on me but moccasins, leggings and +breachcloth. We remained there about 3 or 4 hours. The warriors then +went out to the post to dance, they invited me to go with them to dance. +I did so, they sung and danced around the war-post for half an hour. The +old Indians would sing and dance sometimes out of the ring and appeared +very lively. The warriors then marched right off from their dance on +their journey. We had not got more than about 50 or 60 yards when I +looked back and saw a squaw running with a blanket; she threw it on my +shoulders, it fell down. I turned round and picked it up, it was a very +old, dirty, lousy blanket, though it was better than nothing, as the day +was very cold. We travelled about five or six miles that evening, then +encamped in the woods. I suffered very much that night from the cold. + +The tenth day we traveled five or six miles in the morning. We got +within a quarter of a mile of a new town, on the west bank of the Wabash +river, where those warriors resided, about nine o'clock, and made a halt +at a running branch of water, where the timber was very thick, so that +they could conceal themselves from the view of the town. Then they +washed themselves all over and dressed themselves with paint of +different colors. They made me wash, then they painted me and said I was +a Kickapoo. Then they cut a pole and pealed it, painted it different +colors and stuck the big end in the ground, and cleared a ring around +the pole for to dance in. The fifth night they cut a lock of hair out of +the crown of my head about as thick as my finger, plaited it elegantly +and put it in their conjuring bag, and hung that bag on the pole they +contemplated dancing around, and said that was their prisoner, and I was +a Kickapoo, and must dance with them. When they all got ready to dance, +the captain gave three very loud halloes, then walked into the ring and +the rest all followed him. They placed me the third next to the captain; +they then began to sing and dance. When we had danced about half an +hour, I saw several old men, boys and squaws come running to where we +were dancing. When there were a considerable number of them collected, +the captain stepped out of the ring and spoke to the squaws. He told +them to carry his and the other warriors' budgets to the town; the +captain then joined the other warriors and me in the dancing ring; he +marched in the front and we danced and sung all the way from there into +the town. Some of the old Indian warriors marched upon each side of us, +and at times would sing and dance until we got into their town. We +continued dancing until we got through the town to the war-post, which +stood on the west bank of the Wabash river; danced round that about +twenty minutes; they then marched into the town, took all the cords off +me, and showed me a cabin, told me to go in there, they were good +Indians, they would give me something to eat; I need not fear, as they +would not hurt me. I accordingly went in, where I received a plenty to +eat and was treated very kindly. The warriors went into other cabins and +feasted very greedily. We had not eat anything that morning nor the +night before. About one hour and a half before the sun set the same +evening, the warriors went out to the war-post again to dance. They took +me with them; several other Indians were present. They had danced about +half an hour when I saw two Indian men and a squaw riding a horseback +across the Wabash river, from the east side; they came to where we were +dancing. One of the Indians had a handkerchief tied around his head and +was carrying a gun; the other had a cocked hat on his head, and had a +large sword. The warriors never let on that they saw them, but continued +dancing about fifteen minutes. After the two Indians and squaw came up +the warriors quit dancing, and went to them and shook hands; they +appeared very glad to see each other. The captain of the warriors then +talked with them about half an hour, and appeared to be very serious in +their conversation. The captain then told me I must go with them two +Indians and squaw. The sun was just then setting; the two Indians looked +very much pleased. I did not want to go with them, as I knew not where +they were going, and would have rather remained with the warriors that +took me, as I had got acquainted with them, but the captain told me I +must go with the two Indians and squaw, and that they were very good +Indians. The Indian that had the sword rode up to a stump and told me +to get up behind him on his horse; I did so with great reluctance, as I +knew not where they were going; they looked very much like warriors. +However, they started off very lively, and the Indian that I was riding +behind began to plague and joke the squaw about me; she was his +sister-in-law. He was an Indian that was full of life and very funny. +When I got acquainted with him I was well pleased with him. We traveled +about ten miles that evening before we reached the place they resided. +They were then living at a sugar camp, where they had made sugar that +spring, on the west bank of the Wabash, about ten miles below the old +Kickapoos' trading town, opposite to the Weawes town. We arrived at +their sugar camp about two hours in the night. They then gave me to an +old Kickapoo chief, who was the father of the Indian that carried the +gun, and the squaw, and the father-in-law of the funny Indian. The old +chief soon began to inquire of me where I lived, and where the Indians +caught me. I told him. He then asked me if they did not kill an Indian +when they took me prisoner. I told him no, there was no body with me but +one man and he had no gun. He then asked me again, if the Indians did +not kill one of their own men when they took me. I told him I did not +know; the captain told me they did, but I did not see them kill him. The +old chief then told me that it was true, they did kill him, and said he +was a bad Indian, he wanted to kill me. By this time the young squaw, +the daughter of the old chief, whom I traveled in company with that +evening, had prepared a good supper for me; it was hominy beat in a +mortar, as white and as handsome as I ever saw, and well cooked; she +fried some dried meat, pounded very fine in a mortar, in oil, then +sprinkled sugar very plentifully over it. I ate very hearty; indeed, it +was all very good and well cooked. When I was done eating, the old +chief told me to eat more. I told him I had eat enough. He said no, if I +did not eat more I could not live. Then the young squaw handed me a +tincupful of water, sweetened with sugar. It relished very well. Then +the old chief began to make further inquiries. He asked me if I had a +wife and family. I told him I had a wife and three children. The old +chief then appeared to be very sorry for my misfortune, and told me that +I was among good Indians, I need not fear, they would not hurt me, and +after awhile I should go home to my family; that I should go down the +Wabash to Opost, from there down to the Ohio, then down the Ohio, and +then up the Mississippi to Kaskaskia. We sat up until almost midnight; +the old chief appeared very friendly indeed. The young squaw had +prepared a very good bed for me, with bearskins and blankets. I laid +down and slept very comfortably that night. It appeared as though I had +got into another world, after being confined and tied down with so many +ropes and the loss of sleep nine nights. I remained in bed pretty late +next morning. I felt quite easy in mind, but my wrists and legs pained +me very much and felt very sore. The young squaw had her breakfast +prepared and I eat very hearty. When breakfast was over this funny +Indian came over and took me to his cabin, about forty yards from the +old chief's. There were none living at that place then but the old +chief, his wife and daughter. They lived by themselves in one cabin and +the old chief's son and son-in-law and their wives in another cabin, and +a widow squaw, the old chief's daughter, lived by herself in a cabin +adjoining her brother and brother-in-law. None of them had any children +but the old chief. A few minutes after I went into this funny Indian's +cabin he asked me if I wanted to shave. I told him yes, my beard was +very long. He then got a razor and gave it to me. It was a very good +one. I told him it wanted strapping. He went and brought his shot-pouch +strap. He held one end and I the other end. I gave the razor a few +passes on the strap, and found the razor to be a very good one. By this +time the old chief's young squaw had come over; she immediately prepared +some hot water for me to shave, and brought it in a tincup and gave it +to me, and a piece of very good shaving soap. By the time I was done +shaving the young squaw had prepared some clean water in a pewter basin +for me to wash, and a cloth to wipe my hands and face. She then told me +to sit down on a bench; I did so. She got two very good combs, a coarse +and a fine one. It was then the fashion to wear long hair; my hair was +very long and very thick and very much matted and tangled; I traveled +without my hat or anything else on my head; that was the tenth day it +had not been combed. She combed out my hair very tenderly, and then took +the fine one and combed and looked over my head nearly one hour. She +then went to a trunk and got a ribbon and queued my hair very nicely. +The old chief's son then gave me a very good regimental blue cloth coat, +faced with yellow buff-colored cloth. The son-in-law gave me a very good +beaver macaroni hat. These they had taken from some officers they had +killed. Then the widow squaw took me into her cabin and gave me a new +ruffled shirt and a very good blanket. They told me to put them on; I +did so. When I had got my fine dress on, the funny Indian told me to +walk across the floor. I knew they wanted to have a little fun. I put my +arms akimbo with my hands on my hips, and walked with a very proud air +three or four times backwards and forwards across the floor. The funny +Indian said in Indian that I was a very handsome man and a big captain. +I then sat down, and they viewed me very much, and said I had a very +handsome leg and thigh, and began to tell how fast I ran when the +Indians caught me, and showed how I ran--like a bird flying. They +appeared to be very well pleased with me, and I felt as comfortable as +the nature of the case would admit of. + +The next morning after breakfast, they all left that camp; they put all +their property into a large perouge and moved by water up the Wabash +river to the old Kickapoo trading town, about ten miles from their sugar +camp; they sent me by land and one Indian with me. When we had got about +half way to the town, we met with a young Frenchman; his name was Ebart; +I was very well acquainted with him in the Illinois country; he spoke +tolerably good English. The Indian then left me, and I went on to the +town with the young Frenchman; I got to the town before the Indians +arrived with their perouge, and the young Frenchman showed me their +cabin, and told me to stay there until they would come, that they would +be there in a few minutes. I there met with an English trader, a very +friendly man, whose name was John McCauslin; he was from the north of +England; we made some little acquaintance. He was a Freemason and +appeared very sorry for my misfortune and told me he would do everything +in his power to befriend me and told me I was with good Indians, they +would not hurt me. He inquired of me where I lived and asked if I had a +family. He then told me of the circumstance of the Indians killing one +of their own men that day they caught me. He said it was a fact, he was +a bad Indian and would not obey the commands of his captain and that he +was still determined to kill me. My Indian family soon arrived and +cleared up their cabin and got their family ready. They were a smart, +neat and cleanly family, kept their cabin very nice and clean, the same +as white women, and cooked their victuals very nice. After dinner was +over, there came four Indians in the old chief's cabin. Two of them were +the old chief's brother's children. They appeared to be in a very fine +humor. I did not know but that they belonged to the same family and +town. They had not been there more than one hour, until the old chief +and the four Indians sat down on the floor in the cabin and had a long +discourse about an hour and a half. Then all got up. The old chief then +told me I must go with those Indians. I told him I did not want to go. +He then told me I must go; that they were his children and that they +were very good Indians; they would not hurt me. Then the old chief gave +me to the oldest brother, in place of his father who was killed about +one year before by the white people; he was one of their chiefs. Then +the four Indians started off and I with them; they went down to the +lower end of the town and stopped at an Indian cabin and got some bread +and meat to eat. They gave me some. I did not go into the Indian cabin. +They had not been in the cabin more than ten or twelve minutes before +the old chief's young squaw came up and stood at the door. She would not +go in. I discovered the Indians laughing and plaguing her. She looked in +a very ill humor; she did not want them to take me away. They +immediately started from the cabin and took a tolerably large path that +led into the woods in a pretty smart trot. The squaw started immediately +after them. They would look back once in a while, and when they would +see the squaw coming they would whoop, hollow and laugh. When they got +out of sight of the squaw they stopped running and traveled in a +moderate walk. When we got about three miles from the town, they stopped +where a large tree had fallen by the side of the path and laid high off +the ground. They got up high on the log and looked back to see if the +squaw was coming. When the squaw came up she stopped and they began to +plague her and laugh at her. They spoke in English. They talked very +vulgar to the squaw. She soon began to cry. When they got tired plaguing +her, they jumped off the log and started on their road in a trot, and I +ran with them. The squaw stood still till we got most out of sight. They +would look back and laugh and sometimes hollow and whoop, and appeared +to be very much diverted. They did not run very far before they +slackened in their runnings. They then walked moderately until they got +to their town, which was three miles further from the tree they stopped +at. We got into their town about one hour and a half before the sun set. +That same evening the squaw came in about half an hour after we arrived. +I met with a young man that evening who had been taken prisoner about +eighteen months before I was taken. His name was Nicholas Coonse (a +Dutchman), then about 19 years of age. He heard I was coming, and he +came to meet me a little way out of town. He was very glad to see me and +I to see him, and we soon made up acquaintance. Coonse and myself were +to live in one cabin together. The two brothers that I was given up to, +one of them claimed Coonse and the other claimed me. They both lived in +the same cabin. When the squaw arrived, she came immediately to our +cabin and stood outside at the door; she would not come in. I noticed +the Indians plaguing and laughing at her; she looked very serious. About +sunset, Coonse asked me if I wanted a wife. (He could not speak very +good English, but he could speak pretty good Indian.) I told him no. He +then told me if I wanted one I could have one. I asked him how he knew +that. He said, "There is a squaw that wants to marry you," pointing at +her. I told him I reckoned not. He says, "Yes. Indeed, she tus; she +came after you a purpose to marry you." I told Coonse I had a wife, and +I did not want another one. He says, "O, well, if you want her you can +haf her." She stood by the door for some time after dark. I did not know +when she went away; she said two days and three nights before she +returned home. I never spoke a word to her while she was there. She was +a very handsome girl, about 18 years of age, a beautiful, full figure +and handsomely featured, and very white for a squaw. She was almost as +white as dark complexioned white women generally are. Her father and +mother were very white skinned Indians. + +The next day was the 9th day of April, and thirteenth day that I had +been their prisoner. The chief Indians and warriors that day held a +general council, to know in what manner and way to dispose of me. They +collected in the cabin where I lived. While they were in council their +dinner was cooking. There were about ten in number, and they all sat +down on the floor in a circle, and then commenced by their interpreter, +Nicholas Coonse. + +The first question they asked me was, "Would I have my hair cut off like +they cut theirs?" I answered "No." The second question they asked me +was, "If I would have holes bored in my ears and nose and have rings and +lead hung in them like they had?" I answered "No." The third question +they asked me was, "If I could make hats?" (I had a large bag of beaver +fur with me when they took me prisoner; from that circumstance I suppose +they thought I was a hatter.) I answered "No." The fourth question they +asked me was, "If I was a carpenter?" and said they wanted a door made +for their cabin. I answered "No." The fifth question they asked me was, +"If I was a blacksmith; could I mend their guns and makes axes and hoes +for them?" I answered "No." The sixth question they asked me was, "If I +could hoe corn?" I answered "No". The seventh question they asked me +was, "If I could hunt?" I answered. "No. I could shoot at a mark very +well, but I never hunted any." Then they told Coonse to ask me how I got +my living; if I could do no work. I thought I had out-generalled them, +but that question stumped me a little. The first thought that struck my +mind, I thought I would tell them I was a weaver by trade, but a second +thought occurred to my mind, I told Coonse to tell them I made my living +by writing. The Indians answered and said it was very well. The eighth +question they asked me was, "If I had a family?" I answered "Yes, I had +a wife and three children." The ninth question they asked me was, "If I +wanted to go home to see my wife and children?" I answered "Yes," They +said, "Very well, you shall go home by and by." The tenth question they +asked was, "If I wanted a wife then?" I answered "No," and told them it +was not the fashion for the white people to have two wives at the same +time. They said, very well, I could get one if I wanted one, and they +said if I staid with them until their corn got in roasting ears, then I +must take a wife. I answered them yes, if I staid that long with them. +They then told me that I might go anywhere about in the town, but not go +out of sight of the town, for if I did, there were bad Indians round +about the town and they would catch me and kill me, and they said they +could run like horses; and another thing they said, don't you recollect +the Indians that took you prisoner and cut a lock of hair out of the +crown of your head. I told them yes. Then they told me in consequence of +that, if you attempted to run away, you could not live eight days. If +you will stay with us and not run away, you shall not even bring water +to drink. I told them I wanted to go home to my family, but I would not +go without letting them know before I went. They said, very well. They +appeared well pleased with me and told me again I might go anywhere +about in the town, but not go out of sight of the town. I was sitting on +a bench, when the old chief got up and put both his hands on my head and +said something, I did not know what. Then he gave me a name and called +me "Mohcossea," after the old chief that was killed, who was the father +of the Indian that I was given up to. Then I was considered one of that +family, a Kickapoo in place of their father, the old chief. Then the +principal chief took the peace pipe and smoked two or three draws. It +had a long stem about three feet in length. He then passed it round to +the other Indians before they raised from their council. He held the +pipe by the end and each of them took two or three draws. Then he handed +it to me and I smoked. The chief then said I was a Kickapoo and that +they were good Indians and that I need not be afraid; they would not +hurt me, but I must not run away. + +By this time their dinner was prepared and they were ready to eat. They +all sat down and told me to sit by. I did, and we all eat a hearty +dinner and they all appeared to be well pleased with their new adopted +Kickapoo brother. + +These Indians lived about six miles west of the old Kickapoo trading +town, on the west side of the Wabash river. They had no traders in their +town. After dinner was over, they told the interpreter Coons that I must +write to their trading town for some bread. I told Coons to tell them I +had nothing to write with--no paper, nor pen and ink. They said I must +write. I told Coons to tell them again I had no paper nor nothing to +write with. Coons told them. Then the Indian that claimed me went to his +trunk and brought me a letter that had one-half sheet of it clean paper. +I told Coons to tell them I wanted a pen. The same Indian went and +pulled a quill out of a turkey wing and gave it to me. I told Coons I +wanted a knife to make the pen. The same Indian got his scalping knife; +he gave it two or three little whets and gave it to me. I then told +Coons I wanted some ink. Coons says, "Ink--ink; what is tat? I ton't +know what ink is." He had no name for ink in Indian or English. I told +him to tell the Indian to get me some gunpowder and water and a spoon +and I would make the ink myself. The Indian did so. I knew very well +what their drift was; they wanted a proof to know whether I told them +any lies when they examined me in their council. When I had made the ink +and was ready to write I asked Coons how many loaves of bread I should +write for. He says, "Ho! a couple of lofes; tay only want to know if you +can write or if you told them any lies or not." I wrote to the English +trader, that I mentioned before that I had made some acquaintance with +the day I passed the old trading town, for to get me two loaves of +bread. He very well knew my situation and circumstances. There was a +Frenchman, a baker, that lived in the trading town. + +When I had finished writing, the Indian took it up and looked at it and +said, "Depaway, vely good." Coons' master, a brother to the one that +claimed me, told Coons to go catch his horse and take the letter for the +bread, not stay, but return as soon as possible. Coons hurried off +immediately and soon returned. As soon as he came back he brought the +two loaves of bread and gave them to me. I then asked Coons what I +should do with this bread, as he was somewhat better acquainted with the +ways of the Indians than I was. He says, "Kife one loaf to tay old squaw +and her two little chiltren, and tofide the otter loaf petween you and +your master, put keep a pigest half." I did so. This old squaw was the +mother of the two Indians that claimed Coons and myself. The old squaw +and her two children soon eat their loaf. I then divided my half between +the two little children again. That pleased the old squaw very much; she +tried to make me sensible of her thanks for my kindness to her two +little children. + +While Coons was gone for the bread, the Indian that claimed me asked me +to write his name. I asked him to speak his name distinctly. He did. I +had heard it spoken several times before. His name was "Mahtomack." When +I was done writing he took it up and looked at it and said it was +"Depaway." He then went to his trunk and brought his powder horn, which +had his name wrote on it by an officer at Post Vincennes in large print +letters, and compared them together. They both were the same kind of +letters and his name spelt exactly the same. He seemed mightily pleased +and said it was "bon vely good." It was a big captain he said wrote his +name on the powder-horn at Opost. The wife of the Indian that claimed +me, next morning combed and queued my hair and gave me a very large +ostrich feather and tied it to my hat. The Sunday following after I was +taken to that town, there was a number of Indians went from that town to +the old Kickapoo trading town. They took me with them to dance what is +called the "Beggar's Dance." It is a practice for the Indians every +spring, when they come in from their hunting ground, to go to the +trading towns and dance for presents; they will go through the streets +and dance before all the traders' doors. The traders then will give them +presents, such as tobacco, bread, knives, spirits, blankets, tomahawks, +&c. + +While we were in town that day I talked with my friend McCauslin to +speak to the Indians and try to get them to sell me, but they would not +agree to sell me then. They said they would come down the Sunday +following and bring me with them, perhaps they would then agree to sell +me. They complied with their promise and brought me down with them. My +friend McCauslin then inquired of them if they had agreed to sell me; +they told him they would. McCauslin then sent for the interpreter, and +the Indians asked one hundred buckskins for me in merchandize. The +interpreter asked me if I would give it? I told him I would. The Indians +then went to the traders' houses to receive their pay. They took but +seventy bucks' worth of merchandize at that time. One of the articles +they took was bread, three loaves, one for the Indian that claimed me, +one for his wife, the other one for me. I saw directly they wanted me to +go back home with them. After a little while they started and motioned +and told me I must go with them. I refused to go. The Indian fellow took +hold of my arm and tried to pull me forward. I still refused going with +them. He still continued pulling and his wife pushing me at the back. We +went scuffling along a few yards till we got before my friend +McCauslin's cabin door. He discovered the bustle and asked me what the +Indians wanted. I told him they wanted me to go home with them. He asked +me if I wanted to go. I told him no. He then told me to walk into his +cabin and sit down and he would go and bring the interpreter. I went in +and the two Indians followed me into the cabin and sat down. The +interpreter came in immediately and asked the Indians what they wanted. +They told him they wanted me to go home with them. The interpreter then +asked if I wanted to go with them. I told him no. He then told the +Indians they had sold me and that they had nothing more to do with me, +that I was a freeman, that I might stay where I pleased. They then said +they had not received all their pay. The interpreter then asked them why +they did not take it all? They said they expected I would go home with +them and remain with them until I got an opportunity to go home. The +interpreter then told them they could get the balance of their pay. They +said if I did not go home with them they must have thirty bucks more. +The interpreter asked me if I was willing to give it. I told him yes. I +did not want to go back again. The Indians then went and took their +thirty dollars of balance and thirty more and went off home. I then owed +the traders that advanced the goods for me one hundred and thirty +buckskins for my ransom, which they considered equal to $260 in silver. +There were five traders that were concerned in the payment of the goods +to the Indians. One of them was a Mr. Bazedone a Spaniard, who sometimes +traded in the Illinois country, with whom I had some acquaintance. I +told him if he would satisfy the other four traders, I would give him my +note, payable in the Illinois country. He did so, and I gave him my note +for the $260, to be paid twelve months after date in the Illinois +country, and $37 more for my boarding and necessaries I could not do +without, such as a bear skin and blanket to sleep on, a shirt, hat, +tobacco and handkerchief. + +My friend McCauslin took me to a Frenchman's house--he was a baker by +trade, the only baker in town--to board with him until I got an +opportunity to go home. Two days after I went to stay at the baker's, +the Indian that claimed me, his squaw and the young squaw that followed +us to the new town, came to see me and stayed three or four hours with +me. He asked me to give him some tobacco. I told him I had no money. He +thought I could get anything I wanted. I bought him a carrot of tobacco; +it weighed about three pounds; he seemed very well pleased. He and his +wife wanted me very much to go back home with them again. I told them I +could not, that I was very anxious to go home to my wife and family. +Three or four days after that they revisited me, and still insisted on +me to go home with them. I told them that I expected every day to get an +opportunity to go home. I had some doubts about going back with them; I +thought perhaps they might play some trick on me, and take me to some +other town; and their water was so bad I could not drink it--nothing but +a small pond to make use of for their drinking and cooking, about forty +or fifty yards long and about thirty yards wide. Their horses would not +only drink from, but wallow in it; the little Indian boys every day +would swim in it, and the Indians soak their deerskins in it. I could +not bear to drink it. When they would bring in a kettle of water to +drink, they would set it down on the floor. The dogs would generally +took the first drink out of the kettle. I have often seen when the dogs +would be drinking out of a kettle, an Indian would go up and kick him +off, and take up the kettle and drink after the dog. They had nothing to +eat the last week I was with them but Indian potatoes--some people call +them hoppines--that grew in the woods, and they were very scarce. +Sometimes the Indian boys would catch land terrapins. They would draw +their heads out and tie a string around their neck and hang them up a +few minutes, and then put them in a kettle of water with some corn--when +they had it--without taking the entrails out or shell off the terrapin, +and eat the soup as well as the meat. We had all liked to have starved +that week; we had no meat; I was glad to get away. + +I staid three weeks with the French baker before I got an opportunity to +start home. I had a plenty to eat while I remained with the baker--good +light bread, bacon and sandy hill cranes, boiled in leyed corn, which +made a very good soup. I paid him three dollars per week for my board. + +There was a Mr. Pyatt a Frenchman, and his wife, whose residence was at +St. Vincennes, with whom I had some acquaintance. They had moved up to +that Kickapoo town in the fall of the year in order to trade with the +Indians that winter. They were then ready to return home to Vincennes. +Mr. Pyatt had purchased a drove of horses from the Indians. He had to go +by land with his horses. Mrs. Pyatt hired a large perogue and four +Frenchmen to take her property home to Vincennes. I got a passage in her +perogue. She was very friendly to me; she did not charge me anything for +my passage. + +We arrived in Vincennes in forty-eight hours after we left the Kickapoo +trading town, which is said to be two hundred and ten miles. The river +was very high, and the four hands rowed day and night. We never put to +land but twice to get a little wood to cook something to eat. + +I staid five days at Vincennes before I got an opportunity of company to +go on my way home. It was too dangerous for one man to travel alone by +land without a gun. There was a Mr. Duff, who lived in the Illinois +country, came to Vincennes to move a Mrs. Moredock and family to the +Illinois. I got a passage with him by water. The morning I started from +Vincennes he was just ready to start before I knew I could get a passage +with him, and I had not time to write. I got a Mr. John Rice Jones, a +friend of mine, to write to Col. Edgar, living in Kaskaskia, in the +Illinois, who was a particular friend of mine, and sent it by the +express, a Frenchman, that was going to start that day from Vincennes to +Kaskaskia, which he could ride in four days, and request Col. Edgar to +write to my wife, who lived at Bellfontain, about forty miles from +Kaskaskia, and inform her that I was at Post Vincennes, on my return +home with a Mr. Duff by water, and inform her that I would be at +Kaskaskia on a certain day; I think it was two weeks from the time I +left Vincennes, and for her to send me a horse on that day to Kaskaskia. +Col. Edgar wrote to her immediately, as soon as he received Mr. Jones' +letter. That was the first time she heard from me after I was taken +prisoner. I had written to her while I was at the Kickapoo town. That +letter never reached her. I had two brothers living at the Bellfontain; +they met me on the day I proposed being at Kaskaskia and brought me a +horse. The next day I got home to the Bellfontain. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Captivity of William +Biggs among the Kickapoo Indians in Illinois in 1788, by William Biggs + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAPTIVITY OF WILLIAM BIGGS *** + +***** This file should be named 26799.txt or 26799.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/7/9/26799/ + +Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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