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+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Slave Narratives, Volume XIV,
+ South Carolina Narratives, Part 4, by the Federal Writers' Project of
+ the Works Progress Administration for the State of South Carolina
+    </title>
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+    margin-right: 10%;
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+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery
+in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, by Work Projects Administration
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves
+       South Carolina Narratives, Part 4
+
+Author: Work Projects Administration
+
+Release Date: February 24, 2009 [EBook #28170]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SLAVE NARRATIVES, PART 4 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by the Library of Congress,
+Manuscript Division)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="tnote">
+<h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3>
+<br />
+This text is mainly written in dialect.  As such, the majority of the spelling, grammar, and punctuation irregularities have been preserved, with the exception of a number of typographical errors.  A full
+list of them can be found at the end of the text.
+</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+
+<h1>SLAVE NARRATIVES</h1>
+
+<h2 style="margin-bottom: 2em;"><i>A Folk History of Slavery in the United States<br />
+From Interviews with Former Slaves</i></h2>
+
+<h4>TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY<br />
+THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT<br />
+1936-1938<br />
+ASSEMBLED BY<br />
+THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT<br />
+WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION<br />
+FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA<br />
+SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS</h4>
+
+<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><i>Illustrated with Photographs</i></h3>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%; margin-top: 3.5em; margin-bottom: 1em;" />
+<h4>WASHINGTON 1941</h4>
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>VOLUME XIV<br />
+SOUTH CAROLINA NARRATIVES<br />
+PART 4<br /><br /></h3>
+
+<h3>Prepared by<br />
+the Federal Writers' Project of<br />
+the Works Progress Administration<br />
+for the State of South Carolina</h3>
+<hr />
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+
+<h2>INFORMANTS</h2>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table of contents" width="40%">
+<tr><td align="left">Raines, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Range, Frank</td><td align="right"><a href="#in2">3</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rawls, Sam</td><td align="right"><a href="#in3">5</a>, <a href="#in4">7</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Renwick, Ellen</td><td align="right"><a href="#in5">9</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rice, Anne</td><td align="right"><a href="#in6">10</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rice, Jessie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in7">12</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rice, Phillip</td><td align="right"><a href="#in8">17</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Richardson, Martha</td><td align="right"><a href="#in9">19</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Riley, Mamie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in10">23</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Riser, Susie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in11">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Roberts, Isom</td><td align="right"><a href="#in12">26</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Robertson, Alexander</td><td align="right"><a href="#in13">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Robinson, Charlie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in14">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rosboro, Al</td><td align="right"><a href="#in15">38</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rosboro, Tom</td><td align="right"><a href="#in16">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rosborough, Reuben</td><td align="right"><a href="#in17">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rose, William</td><td align="right"><a href="#in18">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Russell, Benjamin</td><td align="right"><a href="#in19">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rutherford, Joe</td><td align="right"><a href="#in20">55</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rutherford, Lila</td><td align="right"><a href="#in21">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Rutledge, Sabe</td><td align="right"><a href="#in22">59</a>, <a href="#in23">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Ryan, Henry</td><td align="right"><a href="#in24">71</a>, <a href="#in25">74</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Satterwhite, Emoline</td><td align="right"><a href="#in26">75</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Scaife, Alexander</td><td align="right"><a href="#in27">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Scantling, Eliza</td><td align="right"><a href="#in28">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Scott, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in29">81</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Scott, Nina</td><td align="right"><a href="#in30">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Scurry, Morgan</td><td align="right"><a href="#in31">89</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Simmons, Ransom</td><td align="right"><a href="#in32">91</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Sligh, Alfred</td><td align="right"><a href="#in33">92</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Dan</td><td align="right"><a href="#in34">95</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Hector</td><td align="right"><a href="#in35">100</a>, <a href="#in36">105</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Jane</td><td align="right"><a href="#in37">110</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in38">112</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Prince</td><td align="right"><a href="#in39">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Smith, Silas</td><td align="right"><a href="#in40">119</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Sparrow, Jessie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in41">121</a>, <a href="#in42">125</a>, <a href="#in43">130</a>, <a href="#in44">136</a>, <a href="#in45">141</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Starke, Rosa</td><td align="right"><a href="#in46">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Stewart, Josephine</td><td align="right"><a href="#in47">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Suber, Bettie</td><td align="right"><a href="#in48">155</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Swindler, Ellen</td><td align="right"><a href="#in49">156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Taylor, Mack</td><td align="right"><a href="#in50">157</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Thompson, Delia</td><td align="right"><a href="#in51">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Toatley, Robert</td><td align="right"><a href="#in52">163</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Veals, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in53">167</a>, <a href="#in54">169</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Walker, Manda</td><td align="right"><a href="#in55">170</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Walker, Med</td><td align="right"><a href="#in56">174</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Waring, Daniel</td><td align="right"><a href="#in57">181</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Washington, Nancy</td><td align="right"><a href="#in58">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Watson, Charley</td><td align="right"><a href="#in59">188</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">White, Dave</td><td align="right"><a href="#in60">191</a>, <a href="#in61">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">White, Tena</td><td align="right"><a href="#in62">196</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Williams, Bill</td><td align="right"><a href="#in63">199</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Williams, Jesse</td><td align="right"><a href="#in64">202</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Williams, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in65">206</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Williams, Willis</td><td align="right"><a href="#in66">208</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Wilson, Emoline</td><td align="right"><a href="#in67">213</a>, <a href="#in68">215</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Wilson, Jane</td><td align="right"><a href="#in69">216</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Woodberry, Genia</td><td align="right"><a href="#in70">218</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Woodberry, Julia</td><td align="right"><a href="#in71">227</a>, <a href="#in72">232</a>, <a href="#in73">237</a>, <a href="#in74">242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Woods, George</td><td align="right"><a href="#in75">247</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Woodward, Aleck</td><td align="right"><a href="#in76">253</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Woodward, Mary</td><td align="right"><a href="#in77">257</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Worth, Pauline</td><td align="right"><a href="#in78">260</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Wright, Daphney</td><td align="right"><a href="#in79">266</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Young, Bill</td><td align="right"><a href="#in80">270</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">Young, Bob</td><td align="right"><a href="#in81">273</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<hr />
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+
+
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in1" id="in1"></a>MARY RAINES<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 99 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Mary Raines is the oldest living person, white or black, in Fairfield<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span>
+County. If she survives until next December, she will have attained
+her century of years. She lives with her widowed daughter, Fannie McCollough,
+fifty-seven years old, and a son, Joe Raines, aged 76 years. They rent a
+two-room frame house, on lands of Mrs. Sallie Wylie, Chester County, S.C.
+Joe, the son, is a day laborer on nearby farms. Fannie cooks for Mrs. W.T.
+Raines. Old Mother Mary has been receiving a county pension of $5.00 per
+month for several years.</p>
+
+<p>"How old would Marse William Woodward be if he hadn't died befo'
+I gwine to die? A hundred and twenty, you say? Well, dat's 'bout de way
+I figured my age. Him was a nephew of Marse Ed, de fust Marse Ed P. Mobley.
+Him say dat when him 'come twenty-one, old marster give him a birthday dinner
+and 'vite folks to it. Marse Riley McMaster, from Winnsboro, S.C., was dere
+a flyin' 'round my young mistress, Miss Harriett. Marse Riley was a young
+doctor, ridin' 'round wid saddlebags. While they was all settin' down to
+dinner, de young doctor have to git up in a hurry to go see my mammy. Left
+his plate piled up wid turkey, nice dressin', rice and gravy, candy 'tatoes,
+and apple marmalade and cake. De wine 'canter was a settin' on de 'hogany
+sideboard. All dis him leave to go see mammy, who was a squallin' lak a
+passle of patarollers (patrollers) was a layin' de lash on her. When de
+young doctor go and come back, him say as how my mammy done got all right
+and her have a gal baby. Then him say dat Marse Ed, his uncle, took him to
+de quarter where mammy was, look me all over and say: 'Ain't her a good one?
+Must weigh ten pounds. I's gwine to name dis baby for your mama, William.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>
+Tell her I name her, Mary, for her, but I 'spects some folks'll call her
+'Polly', just lak they call your mama, 'Polly'.</p>
+
+<p>"I was a strong gal, went to de field when I's twelve years old,
+hoe my acre of cotton, 'long wid de grown ones, and pick my 150 pounds of
+cotton. As I wasn't scared of de cows, they set me to milkin' and churnin'.
+Bless God! Dat took me out of de field. House servants 'bove de field servants,
+them days. If you didn't git better rations and things to eat in de
+house, it was your own fault, I tells you! You just have to help de chillun
+to take things and while you doin' dat for them, you take things for yourself.
+I never call it stealin'. I just call it takin' de jams, de jellies, de biscuits,
+de butter and de 'lasses dat I have to reach up and steal for them chillun
+to hide 'way in deir little stomaches, and me, in my big belly.</p>
+
+<p>"When Joe drive de young doctor, Marse Riley, out to see Mass Harriett,
+while Marse Riley doin' his courtin' in de parlor, Joe was doin' his courtin'
+in de kitchen. Joe was as smart as de nex' one. Us made faster time than them
+in de parlor; us beat them to de marriage. Marse Riley call it de altar, but
+Joe always laugh and say it was de halter. Many is de time I have been home
+wid them sixteen chillun, when him was a gallavantin' 'round, and I wished I
+had a got a real halter on dat husband of mine.</p>
+
+<p>"I b'longs to de Gladden's Grove African Methodist 'Piscopal Church.
+Too old to shout but de great day is comin', when I'll shout and sing to de
+music of dat harp of 10,000 strings up yonder. Oh! Won't dat be a joyful day,
+when dese old ailin' bones gonna rise again." (Then the old darkey became suffused
+in tears, lapsed into a silence and apathy, from which she couldn't be
+aroused. Finally she slumbered and snored. It would have been unkind to question
+her further.)</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 935</b><br />
+<b>Hattie Mobley</b><br />
+<b>Richland County</b><br />
+</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in2" id="in2"></a>FRANK RANGE<br /><br />
+
+CIVIL WAR SERVANT and HERO</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the age of one hundred and three, Frank Range is a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>
+familiar figure on the streets of Greenville, talking freely of
+pre-Civil and Civil War days, and the part he played in the war.</p>
+
+<p>Frank, the oldest of nine children, was born of slave
+parents, Lenard and Elizabeth Herbert, on the plantation of Mr.
+Jim Boler, Newberry, South Carolina. He was sold several times,
+and is known by the name of one of his owners, John Range.</p>
+
+<p>During the Civil War his master, Mr. Jim Herbert, carried
+him to the war as a cook, and when necessary, he was pressed into
+service, throwing up breast-works; and while he was engaged in this
+work, at Richmond Va. a terrific bombardment of their lines was made,
+and a part of their breast-works was crushed in, and his master buried
+beneath it. Frantic with fear for the safety of his master, Frank began
+to move the dirt away; finally he was able to drag him to safety.
+Though shot and shell were falling all around him, he came out unscathed.</p>
+
+<p>Frank Range returned to Newberry at the close of the war,
+after which he moved to Greenville County in 1901, and into the city
+in 1935. He is never happier than when, in the center of a group of
+willing hearers, he is reciting in a sing-song tone the different
+periods of his life.</p>
+
+<p>He attributes his longevity to the fact that he has never
+tasted whiskey, never chewed tobacco; never had a fight; toothache<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>
+and headache are unknown to him; the service of a physician has
+never been needed; he does not know one playing card from another.
+He can walk five or more miles with seeming ease; is jovial and
+humorous.</p>
+
+<p>He receives a state pension of twenty five dollars annually.
+His place of residence is 101 Hudson St. Greenville, S.C.</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">References;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">Mr. Guy A. Gullick,<br />
+Probate Judge, Greenville County.<br />
+<br />
+Frank Range (information given concerning himself)<br />
+101 Hudson St. Greenville S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>June 15, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b>
+</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in3" id="in3"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born in 1835 in Lexington County, S.C. I know I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>
+was 12 years old de last year of de war. I belonged to John
+Hiller in Lexington County, near Columbia, S.C. Old Marse Hiller
+was strict to his slaves, wasn't mean, but often whipped 'em.
+I thought it was all right then. When de Yankees come through
+burning, killing and stealing stock, I was in marse's yard. Dey
+come up whar de boss was standing, told him dere was going to be
+a battle, grabbed him and hit him. Dey burned his house, stole de
+stock, and one Yankee stuck his sword to my breast and said fer me
+to come wid him or he would kill me. O' course I went along. Dey
+took me as fer as Broad River, on t'other side o' Chapin; then
+turned me loose and told me to run fast or they would shoot me.
+I went fast and found my way back home by watching de sun. Dey
+told me to not go back to dat old man.</p>
+
+<p>"De slaves never learnt to read and write. If any o' dem
+was caught trying to learn to read or write, dey was whipped bad.
+I kotched on to what de white chilluns said, and learnt by myself
+to say de alphabet.</p>
+
+<p>"We went to de white churches atter de war, and set in de
+gallery. Den de niggers set up a 'brush harbor' church fer demselves.
+We went to school at de church, and atter school was out
+in de atternoon, we had preaching.</p>
+
+<p>"Befo' freedom come, de patrollers was strong dere, and
+whipped any niggers dey kotched out without a pass; wouldn't let
+dem go to church without a pass.</p>
+
+<p>"Lots of hunting round dere, dey hunted rabbits, squirrels, foxes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>
+and 'possums. Dey fished like dey do now.</p>
+
+<p>"De white folks had old brick ovens away from de house, and
+wide fireplaces in de kitchens. Dey cooked many things on Saturdays,
+to last several days. Saturday afternoons, we had off to
+catch up on washing and other things we wanted to do.</p>
+
+<p>"I 'member de Ku Klux and de Red Shirts, but don't 'member
+anything dey did dere.</p>
+
+<p>"We had corn-shuckings and cotton pickings, when de white
+people would have everybody to come and help. Us niggers would
+help. Dey had big suppers afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>"We had plenty to eat from de garden of de boss, a big garden
+dat furnished all de slaves. Den de boss killed hogs and had
+other things to eat. Most o' de things raised in de garden, was
+potatoes, turnips, collards and peas.</p>
+
+<p>"Some of us had witches. One old woman was a witch, and she
+rode me one night. I couldn't get up one night, had a ketching of
+my breath and couldn't rise up. She held me down. In dem days, was
+lots o' fevers with de folks. Dey cured 'em and other sickness
+wid teas from root herbs and barks.</p>
+
+<p>"Abraham Lincoln was a good man. He said you folks ought to
+let dem niggers loose and let dem go to work. He come wid his two
+men, Grant and Sherman, and captured de slave bosses. Jeff Davis
+was one o' de forerunners of de war. Don't know much about him.
+Booker T. Washington is a good man. Think he is in office fer a
+good purpose. I been married four times, Was young man when I married
+first time. Gussie Gallman, my last wife, is living wid me."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Sam Rawls (84), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (6/9/37)</span>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Oct. 13, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in4" id="in4"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I live wid my fourth wife and she is much younger dan me.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+I am unable to work and have to stay in bed lots of de time. My wife
+works at odd jobs, like washing, ironing and cooking. We rent a two-room
+house from Miss Ann Ruff.</p>
+
+<p>"I belonged to John Hiller. He was a good master but he
+worked his slaves hard. Dat was in Lexington County.</p>
+
+<p>"I heard dat Gen. Grant said de slaves ought to get 40
+acres of land and a mule so dey could go to work; but dey never got
+any dat I knows of. Atter Freedom dey worked as wage earners and share-croppers.
+Some went to other farms to get jobs. Dat's about what dey
+do now, but some of dem saved a little money and bought farms and
+some started little businesses of deir own.</p>
+
+<p>"De Ku Klux didn't have much influence wid de slaves or ex-slaves.
+As soon as de war broke, dey went riding up and down de public
+roads to catch and beat niggers. My brother run off when dey got
+atter him. He went to Orangeburg County and stayed down dere.</p>
+
+<p>"I voted twice den, once at Prosperity and again at Newberry.
+I was a Republican, of course. Some of de Niggers of dis
+state was elected to office, but dey was not my kinfolks nor special
+friends. I think niggers ought to vote so dey could vote fer good
+white folks; and dey ought to run fer office if dey could be elected
+by good white folks.</p>
+
+<p>"I was sixteen years old when de Yankees come through dis
+country. Dey caught me in de road and made me go wid dem to Broad<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>
+River where dey camped one night. Den dey turned me loose and told
+me to git. I run as fast as I could. I followed de setting sun, de
+road running towards de sun all de time, and got home about night.</p>
+
+<p>"Since freedom is come de niggers have worked mostly on
+farms as share-croppers; some as renters wid deir own crops to raise.</p>
+
+<p>"De present generation of niggers ain't got much sense.
+Dey work when dey want to, and have deir own way about it. De old
+niggers was learned to work when dey was little.</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know nothing about de Nat Turner Rebellion. I
+never know'd but one old nigger dat come from Virginia, old Ellen
+Abner. She lived below Prosperity fer a long time, in de Stoney Hills.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, I tries to live right and git along wid everybody."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Sam Rawls (80), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/23/37.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>May 31, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Martha Ritter</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in5" id="in5"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born on Capt. John P. Kinard's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+place. My mammy and pa was Lucy and Eph Kinard who belonged
+to Marse Kinard. Marse Kinard was good to his slaves&mdash;didn't
+whip them much. He whipped me a little. When I was a little
+girl I slept in the big house in the room with my mistress and
+her husband, and waited on them. I worked when I got old
+enough, in the field, and anywhere around. When I wouldn't
+work good, my mammy whipped me most.</p>
+
+<p>"I 'member the folks cooked in skillets
+over an old fireplace.</p>
+
+<p>"After the war was over and freedom come
+we stayed on with Capt. Kinard, 'till I married and then went
+over to Dock Renwick's place where my husband worked. I married
+Tom Renwick. We went to the church of the colored folks after
+the war, and had preachings in mornings and evenings and at night,
+too. We didn't have no nigger schools, and we didn't learn to
+read and write.</p>
+
+<p>"The white folks had corn-shuckings, cotton
+pickings at night, when the mistress would fix a big dinner for
+all working."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Ellen Renwick (79), RFD, Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.3em;">Interviewer: Mr. G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+Newberry, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>June 7, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in6" id="in6"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"I was born in Spartanburg County, S.C., near<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+Glenn Springs. I can't 'member slavery or de war, but my ma
+and pa who was Green Foster and his wife, Mary Posey Foster, always
+said I was a big gal when the war stopped, when freedom come.</p>
+
+<p>"We belonged to Seth Posey who had a big farm
+there. He was a good man, but sure made us work. I worked in
+the fields when I was small, hoed and picked cotton, hoed corn.
+They didn't give us no money for it. All we got was a place to
+sleep and a little to eat. The big man had a good garden and give
+us something from it. He raised loads of hogs, to eat and to sell.
+He sold lots of them. The young fellows hunted rabbits, possums,
+squirrels, wild turkeys, partridges, doves, and went fishing.
+The Master's wife, Miss Nancy, was good to us. She had one son,
+William.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I 'member my ma telling us 'bout the padder-rollers.
+They would ride around, whipping niggers.</p>
+
+<p>"My ma said her step-mother sold her. Sometimes
+they would take crowds of slaves to Mississippi, taking away
+mothers from their infant babies, leaving the babies on the floor.</p>
+
+<p>"We always shuck corn and shell it at night, on
+moon-light nights we pick cotton. On Saturday afternoons we had
+frolics, sometimes frolics 'till Sunday daylight, then sleep all
+day Sunday.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"When we got sick all the medicine we took was
+turpentine&mdash;dat would cure almost any ailment. Some of the
+niggers used Sampson snake weed or peach leaves boiled and tea
+drunk.</p>
+
+<p>"I joined the church when I was 12 years old
+'cause the other girls joined. I think everybody ought to join
+a church to get their souls right for heaven:</p>
+
+<p>"I married Charley Rice in Spartanburg County,
+at a colored man's house, named Henry Fox, by a colored preacher
+named 'Big Eye' Bill Rice. I had four children, and have five
+grand-children. I have been living in Newberry about 35 years
+or more. I worked as a wash-woman many years.</p>
+
+<p>"When freedom come, my folks stayed on with Capt.
+Posey, and I washed and ironed with them later when I was big
+enough. I done some cooking, too. I could card and spin and
+make homespun dresses. My ma learned me.</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know much about Abraham Lincoln and Jeff
+Davis but reckon dey was good men. I never learned to read and
+write. Booker Washington, I reckon, is a good man."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Anne Rice (75), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.3em;">Interviewer: G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+Newberry, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Jan. 17, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in7" id="in7"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"My people tells me a lot about when I was a lil' wee<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+boy. I has a clear mind and I allus has had one. My folks did not talk
+up people's age like folks do dese days. Every place dat I be now,
+'specially round dese government folks, first thing dat dey wants to
+know is your name. Well, dat is quite natu'al, but de very next question
+is how old you is. I don't know, why it is, but dey sho do dat.
+As my folks never talked age, it never worried me till jes' here of
+late. So dey says to me dat last week I give one age to de man, and
+now I gives another. Soon I see'd dat and I had to rest my mind on
+dat as well as de mind of de government folks. So I settled it at
+80 years old. Dat gives me respect from everybody dat I sees. Den
+it is de truth, too, kaise I come along wid everybody dat is done
+gone and died now. De few white folks what I was contemperment (contemporary)
+wid, 'lows dat I is 80 and dey is dat, too.</p>
+
+<p>"You know dat I does 'member when dat Sherman man went
+through here wid dem awful mens he had. Dey 'lowed dat dey was gwine
+to Charlotte to git back to Columbia. I never is heard of sech befo'
+or since. We lived at old man Jerry Moss's in Yorkville, way back
+den. Yes sir, everyone said Yorkville, den, but dey ain't never
+called Gaffney like dat. Stories goes round 'bout Sherman shooting
+folks. Some say dat he shot a big rock off'n de State House in Columbia.
+My Ma and my Pa, Henry and Charity Rice, hid me wid dem when
+Sherman come along. Us never see'd him, Lawd God no, us never wanted
+to see him.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Folks allus crying hard times dese days, ain't no hard
+times now like it was atter Sherman went through Yorkville. My ma and
+pa give me ash cake and 'simmon beer to eat for days atter dat. White
+folks never had no mo', not till a new crop was grow'd. Dat year de
+seasons was good and gardens done well. Till den us nearly starved
+and we never had no easy time gitting garden seed to plant, neither.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, if I's handy to locust I makes locust beer; den
+if I's handy to 'simmons, why den I makes 'simmon beer. Now it's jes'
+for to pass de time dat us does dat. But gwine back to de war; den it
+was for necessity. Dese young'uns now don't know what hard times is.
+Dey all has bread and meat and coffee, no matter how poor dey is. If
+dey had to live for days and weeks on ash cake and 'simmon beer, as
+us did den, and work and wait on a crop wid nothing but dat in deir
+bellies; den dey could grumble hard times. I allus tells 'em to shut
+up when dey starts anything like dat around me.</p>
+
+<p>"When dat crop come along, we sho did fall in and save
+all us could for de next year. Every kind of seed and pod dat grow'd
+we saved and dried for next spring or fall planting. Atter folks is
+once had deir belly aching and growling for victuals, dey ain't never
+gwine to throw no rations and things away no mo'. Young folks is
+powerful wasteful, but if something come along to break up deir good
+time like it did to us when dat man Sherman held everything up, dey
+sho will take heed, and dey won't grumble 'bout it neither, cause dey
+won't have no time to grumble.</p>
+
+<p>"Things passes over quicker sometimes dan we figures out
+dat dey will. Everything, no matter how good it be or how hard, passes
+over. Dey jes' does like dat. So dem Yankees went on somewhars, I
+never know'd whar, and everything round Yorkville was powerful relieved.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+Den de Confederate soldiers started coming across Broad River. Befo'
+dey got home, word had done got round dat our folks had surrendered;
+but dem Yankees never fit (fought) us out&mdash;dey starved us out. If
+things had been equal us would a-been fighting dem till dis day, dat
+us sho would. I can still see dem soldiers of ours coming across
+Broad River, all dirty, filthy, and lousy. Dey was most starved, and
+so poor and lanky. And deir hosses was in de same fix. Men and hosses
+had know'd plenty till dat Sherman come along, but most of dem never
+know'd plenty no more. De men got over it better dan de hosses.
+Women folks cared for de men. Dey brewed tea from sage leaves, sassafras
+root and other herb teas. Nobody never had no money to fetch
+no medicine from de towns wid, so dey made liniments and salves from
+de things dat grow'd around about in de woods and gardens.</p>
+
+<p>"I told you 'bout how small I was, but my brother, Jim
+Rice, went to Charleston and helped to make dem breastworks down dar.
+I has never see'd dem, but dem dat has says dat dey is still standing
+in good conditions. Cose de Yankees tore up all dat dey could when
+dey got dar.</p>
+
+<p>"Lots of rail fences was made back in dem days. Folks had a
+'no fence' law, dat meant dat everybody fenced in deir fields and let
+de stock run free. Hogs got wild and turkeys was already wild. Sometimes
+bulls had to be shot to keep dem from tearing up everything.
+But folks never fenced in no pasture den. Dey put a rail fence all
+around de fields, and in dem days de fields was never bigger dan ten
+or fifteen acres. Logs was plentiful, and some niggers, called 'rail
+splitters', never done nothing else but split rails to make fences.</p>
+
+<p>"If I recollects right, Wade Hampton broke down fence
+laws in dis country. I sho heard him talk in Yorkville. Dey writ<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>
+about him in de Yorkville Inquirer and dey still has dat paper over
+dar till now. De Red Shirts come along and got Wade Hampton in. He
+scared de Yankees and Carpetbaggers and all sech folks as dem away
+from our country. Dey went back whar dey come from, I reckon.</p>
+
+<p>"De Ku Klux was de terriblest folks dat ever crossed my
+path. Who dey was I ain't never know'd, but dey took Alex Leech to
+Black's Ford on Bullet Creek and killed him for being a radical. It
+was three weeks befo' his folks got hold of his body.</p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Bell's calves got out and did not come back for a
+long time. Mrs. Bell fear'd dat dey was gitting wild, so she sent de
+milk girl down on de creek to git dem calves. Dat girl had a time,
+but she found 'em and drove 'em back to de lot. De calves give her a
+big chase and jumped de creek near a big raft of logs dat had done
+washed up from freshets. All over dem logs she saw possums, musrats
+and buzzards a-setting around. She took her stick and drove dem all
+away, wid dem buzzards puking at her. When dey had left, she see'd
+uncle Alex laying up dar half e't up by all dem varmints.</p>
+
+<p>"She know'd dat it must be him. When she left, dem buzzards
+went back to deir perch. First thing dey done was to lap up
+deir own puke befo' dey started on uncle Alex again. Yes sir, dat's
+de way turkey buzzards does. Dey pukes on folks to keep dem away,
+and you can't go near kaise it be's so nasty; but dem buzzards don't
+waste nothing. Little young buzzards looks like down till dey gits
+over three days old. You can go to a buzzard roost and see for yourself,
+but you sho better stay out'n de way of de old buzzard's puke.
+Dey sets around de little ones and keeps everything off by puking.</p>
+
+<p>"Pacolet used to be called Buzzard Roost, kaise in de old
+days dey had a rail outside de bar-room dat de drunks used to hang<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+over and puke in a gully. De buzzards would stay in dat gully and lap
+up dem drunkards' puke. One night a old man went in a drunkard's
+sleep in de bar-room. De bar tender shoved him out when he got ready
+to close, and he rolled up against dis here rail dat I am telling
+you about. He 'lowed dat next morning when he woke up, two buzzards
+was setting on his shirt front eating up his puke. He said, 'You is
+too soon', and grabbed one by de leg and wrung his head off. But befo'
+he could git its head wrung off it had done puked his own puke back
+on him. He said dat was de nastiest thing he ever got into, and dat
+he never drunk no more liquor. Dem days is done past and gone, and it
+ain't nobody hardly knows Pacolet used to be called Buzzard Roost.</p>
+
+<p>"Lawd have mercy, white folks! Here I is done drapped
+plumb off'n my subject; but a old man's mind will jes' run waa'ry at
+times. Me and Joe, Alex's son, went to see de officer 'bout gitting
+Joe's pa buried. He 'lowed dat Alex's body was riddled wid bullets;
+so we took him and put his bones and a little rotten flesh dat dem
+buzzards had left, in de box we made, and fetched it to de site and
+buried him. Nobody ever seed Alex but me, Joe, and dat gal dat went
+atter dem calves. Us took shovels and throw'd his bones in de box.
+When we got de top nailed on, we was both sick. Now, things like dat
+don't come to pass. I still thinks of de awful days and creeps runs
+all over me yet.</p>
+
+<p>"All my brothers, sisters, mother and father is done gone.
+And I is looking to leave befo' a great while. I is trying every day
+to git ready, Lawd. I been making ready for years. Smart mens tries
+to make you live on, but dey can't git above death. Tain't no use."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Jesse Rice (80), Littlejohn St., Gaffney, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. 1/8/38</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>June 15, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in8" id="in8"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I'm living on Mr. Russel Emmitt's place. I never did<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+nothing but drive cows when I was a little boy growing up. Miss
+Cum and Miss Lizzie Rice was Marse Alex's sisters. Marse Alex
+done died, and dey was my mistress. Dey tuck and sold de plantation
+afo dey died, here 'bout twenty years ago. Dat whar my
+ma found me and den she died.</p>
+
+<p>"My grandparents, Jane and Peter Stevens, brung me up. I
+was a little farm boy and driv cows fer de overseer, Jim Blalock.
+Miss Cum was really Miss Ann. Miss Ann had a hundred niggers,
+herself, and Miss Lizzie had might nigh dat many, asides dem
+what Marse Alex done left 'em. De overseer try to act rough out
+o' Miss Ann's sight, and she find it out and set him down a peg.</p>
+
+<p>"Miss Jane have our shirts made on de looms. She let us
+wear long shirts and go in our shirt tails, and us had to keep
+'em clean, too, 'cause Miss Jane never like no dirt around her.
+Miss Jane have charge of de whole house and everything along
+wid it.</p>
+
+<p>"Us had three hundred hogs to tend to, two hundred
+yellings and heifers, and Lawdy knows how many sheep and goats.
+Us fed dem things and kept 'em fat. When butchering time come,
+us stewed out the mostest lard and we had enough side-meat to
+supply the plantation the year round. Our wheat land was fertilized
+wid load after load of cotton seed. De wheat us raised
+was de talk of de country side. 'Sides dat, dare was rye, oats<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>
+and barley, and I ain't said nothing 'bout de bottom corn dat
+laid in de cribs from year to year.</p>
+
+<p>"Our smokehouse was allus full o' things to eat, not only
+fer de white folks but fer de darkies as well. And our barns
+carried feed fer de cattle from harvest to harvest.</p>
+
+<p>"De fattest of all de hosses, was Miss Ann's black saddle
+hoss called, 'Beauty'. Miss Ann wo' de longest side-saddle dress
+dat hung way down below her feets. Somebody allus had to help
+her on and off Beauty, but n'ary one of her brothers could out-ride
+Miss Ann."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Phillip Rice (75), Kelton, S.C. RFD<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewed by: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (5/7/37)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>Stiles M. Scruggs</b><br />
+<b>Columbia, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><span class="under"><a name="in9" id="in9"></a>THE POT OF GOLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Martha Richardson, who tells this story, lives at 924 Senate Street,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+Columbia, S.C. Her father was an Indian and her mother a mulatto. She was
+born in Columbia in 1860 and was five years old, when General W.T. Sherman's
+Federal troops captured and burned the city in 1865.</p>
+
+<p>"When I gits big 'nough to pick up chips for de cook stove, we was livin'
+in de rear of Daniel Gardner's home, on Main Street, and my mammy was workin'
+as one of de cooks at de Columbia Hotel. De hotel was run by Master Lowrance,
+where de Lorick &amp; Lowrance store is now.</p>
+
+<p>"My daddy, like de general run of Indians, love to hunt but de game not
+bring much cash in. My mammy often give him some change (money) and he not
+work much but he always good to mammy and she love him and not fuss at him,
+much. I soon learn dat if it had not been for mammy, we wouldn't a had much
+to eat and wear. We go 'long lak dat for a good while and my mammy have friends
+'nough dat she seldom had to ask for a job.</p>
+
+<p>"De game was so scarce dat my daddy sometimes make a little money a showin'
+people how to make Indian medicine, dat was good for many complaints, how
+to cover deir houses, and how to kill deir hogs, 'cordin' to de moon. He tell
+us many times 'bout de great Catawba Indians, who make all deir own medicines
+and kill bears and dress in deir skins, after feastin' on deir flesh. He was
+a good talker.</p>
+
+<p>"You know, I sees so much 'skimpin', to make ends meet at home, as we go
+'long dis way, dat I has never married. My mammy tell me: 'Honey, you a pretty
+child. You grow up and marry a fine, lovin' man lak your daddy, and be happy.'
+I kinda smile but I thinks a lot. If my daddy had worked and saved lak my mammy,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+we would be 'way head of what we is, and my brudders say so, too. But we fond
+of our daddy, he so good lookin' and all.</p>
+
+<p>"What de most 'citin' thing I ever see? Well, I think de Red Shirt campaign
+was. You never see so much talkin', fightin', and fussin' as dat. You
+know de Yankees was still here and they not 'fraid, and de Hampton folks was not
+'fraid, so it was a case of knock down and drag out most of de time, it seem to
+me. Long at de end, dere was two governors; one was in de Wallace House and one
+in de Capitol. Men went 'bout town wid deir guns.</p>
+
+<p>"Mammy keep busy cookin', nussin', and washin', and us chillun help. You
+know I had two brudders older than me and a little baby brudder 'bout a year old,
+when my mammy rent a small farm from Master Greenfield, down at de end of Calhoun
+Street, near de Broad River. We plant cotton. I was then eleven years old and
+my brudder was twelve and thirteen. My mammy help us plant it befo' she go to
+work at de hotel.</p>
+
+<p>"She was home washin', one day, when my brudders and me was choppin' cotton.
+We chop 'til 'bout eleven o'clock dat mornin' and we say: 'When we gits out de
+rows to de big oak tree we'll sit down and rest.' We chillun lak each other and
+we joke and work fast 'til we comes to de end of de rows and in de shade of de
+big oak. Then we sets down, dat is, my oldest brudder and me, 'cause my young
+brudder was a little behind us in his choppin'. As he near de finish, his hoe
+hit somethin' hard and it ring. Ha rake de dirt 'way and keep diggin', light
+lak.</p>
+
+<p>"What you doin', brudder?' I say. He say: 'Tryin' to find out what
+dis is. It seem to be a pot lid.' Then we jump up and go to him and all of
+us grabble dirt 'way and sho' 'nough it was a pot lid and it was on a pot. We
+digs it out, thinkin' it would be a good thing to take home. It was so heavy,
+it take us all to lift it out.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"It was no sooner out than we takes off de lid and we is sho' s'prised
+at what we see. Big silver dollars lay all over de top. We takes two of them
+and drops them together and they ring just lak we hear them ring on de counters.
+Then we grabble in de pot for more. De silver went down 'bout two inches deep.
+Twenty dollar gold pieces run down 'bout four inches or so and de whole bottom
+was full of big bundles of twenty dollar greenbacks.</p>
+
+<p>"We walks up to de house feelin' pretty big and my oldest brudder was singin':</p>
+
+<div class="block">
+<div class="poem">
+'Hawk and buzzard went to law,<br />
+Hawk come back wid a broken jaw.'
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Mammy say widout lookin' at us: 'What you all comin' to dinner so soon
+for?' Then she looked up and see de pot and say: 'Land sakes, what you all
+got?' Then we puts de big pot down in de middle of de floor and takes off de
+lid, and mammy say: 'Oh! Let's see what we has!' She begin to empty de pot
+and to count de money. She tell us to watch de door and see dat nobody got
+in, 'cause she not at home!</p>
+
+<p>"She say de money 'mount to $5,700, and she swear us not to say nothin'
+'bout findin' it. She would see what she could find out 'bout it. Weeks after
+dat, she tell us a big white friend tell her he hear a friend of his buried
+some money and went to war widout tellin' anybody where it was. Maybe he was
+killed and dat all we ever hear.</p>
+
+<p>"My mammy kept it and we all work on just de same and she buy these two
+lots on Senate Street. She build de two-story house here at 924, where you
+sittin' now, and de cottage nex' door. She always had rent money comin' in
+ever since. By and by she die, after my Indian pappy go 'way and never come
+back. Then all de chillun die, 'ceptin' me.</p>
+
+<p>"I am so happy dat I is able to spend my old days in a sort of ease,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+after strugglin' most of my young life and gittin' no learnin' at school, dat
+I sometimes sing my mammy's old song, runnin' somethin' lak dis:</p>
+
+<div class="block">
+<div class="poem">
+'Possum up de simmon tree<br />
+Sparrow on de ground<br />
+'Possum throw de 'simmons down<br />
+Sparrow shake them 'round'."</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project#-1655</b><br />
+<b>Phoebe Faucette</b><br />
+<b>Hampton County</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Approx. 416 words</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in10" id="in10"></a>MAMIE RILEY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Aunt Mamie's" hair is entirely white. She lives in a neat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>
+duplex brick house with one of her husband's relatives, a
+younger woman who is a cook for a well established family in
+Estill, S.C. When questioned about the times before the war,
+she replied:</p>
+
+<p>"Yes'm, I kin tell you 'bout slav'ry time, 'cause I is one
+myself. I don' remember how old I is. But I remember when de
+Yankees come through I bin 'bout so high. (She put her hand
+out about 3&frac12; feet from the floor.) We lived on Mr. Henry Solomons'
+place&mdash;a big place. Mr. Henry Solomons had a plenty
+of people&mdash;three rows of house, or four.</p>
+
+<p>"When de Yankees come through Mr. Solomons' place I wuz
+right dere. We wuz at our house in de street. I see it all.
+My ma tell me to run; but I ain't think they'd hurt me. I see
+'em come down de street&mdash;all of 'em on horses. Oo&mdash;h, dey
+wuz a heap of 'em! I couldn't count 'em. My daddy run to de
+woods&mdash;he an' de other men. Dey ran right to de graveyard.
+Too mucha bush been dere. You couldn't see 'em. Stay in de
+woods three days.</p>
+
+<p>"Dey went to my daddy's house an' take all. My daddy ran.
+My mother an' my older sister wuz dere. My ma grab a quilt
+off de bed an' cover herself all over wid it&mdash;head an' all.
+And set in a chair dere by de fire. She tell us to git in de
+bed&mdash;but I ain't git in. And she yell out when she hear 'em<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+comin': 'Dere's de fever in heah!' Six of 'em come to de
+door; but dey say dey ain't goin' in&mdash;dey'll catch de
+fever. Den some more come along. Dey say dey gwine in.
+Dey ain't gwine to take no fever. Fill two sack of 'tatoes.
+White man ask to search all trunk. Dey take two of me Ma's
+good dresses out. Say to wrap 'tatoes in. I start to
+cryin' den, an' dey say, 'Well, git us some sacks den.' I
+knowed where some sacks wuz. I git 'em de sacks. Dey do
+'em right. Dey bid 'em goodbye, an' ax 'em where de man
+wuz. Dey give me 'leven or twelve dollars. I wuz little
+an' ain't know. My mother never give it to me.</p>
+
+<p>"I stay right on dere after freedom, until after I
+married."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">Source: Mamie Riley, Negro about 80 years old, Estill, S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 24, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in11" id="in11"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born near Broad River in de Dutch Fork of Newberry<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+County. I was a slave of Cage Suber. He was a fair master, but
+nothing to brag about. I was small at slavery time and had to
+work in de white folks' house or around the house until I was
+big enough to go to de field and work.</p>
+
+<p>"Old Marse Cage always made me fan flies off of him when
+he lay down to take a nap. The fan was made out of brushes.</p>
+
+<p>"De white folks had cotton-pickings, corn-shuckings and
+quiltings. Dey allus had something to eat at the frolics and
+I had to help wid 'em.</p>
+
+<p>"I married John Riser. I moved to town several years ago."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Susie Riser (80), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C., May 17, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>Henry Grant,</b><br />
+<b>Columbia, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">ISOM ROBERTS<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in12" id="in12"></a>EX-SLAVE 80 YEARS OLD</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Isom Roberts rents one room at 1226 Waverly Street, Columbia, S.C.,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>
+and lives alone. However frail he appears, he is able to support himself
+by working in the yards about the city.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, sir, white folks, I is eighty years old, or leastwise I is so
+close to it, dat it don't make much difference. But even if I is dat old,
+it don't seem so long since I was a little boy. Years flies by mighty fas'
+to old folks, 'cause deir 'memberance is shorter, while young folks 'members
+everything, and in dat way months and years drags 'long slower to them.</p>
+
+<p>"I was a very small boy when de Civil War was gwine on. It seems like
+I knows all 'bout Sherman's army comin' through dis State, a burnin' Columbia
+and destroyin' and takin' away everything what folks had. I has heard
+so much 'bout slavery and all them times, from my mammy and daddy, dat it
+'pears to me dat I 'sperienced it all. I 'spects knowin' 'bout things is
+just 'bout as good and true as seein' them. Don't you?</p>
+
+<p>"My daddy and mammy b'long to Marster Sam Louie, who had a big plantation
+over in Calhoun County. He had 'bout fifty or more grown slaves,
+'sides many chillun of de slaves. Old marster was a good farmer; raised
+big crops and saved what he made. He sho' was a fine business man but he
+was mighty hard on everybody he had anything to do wid. He told his slaves
+to work hard and make him a heap of money and that he would keep it, in
+case of hard times. Times was all de time hard wid old marster but de niggers
+never got no money. When news spread 'round dat de Yankees was comin'
+to free de niggers, he called all de slaves up in de yard and showed them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+a big sack of money, what they had made for him, and told them dat he was
+gwine to kill all of them befo' de Yankees set them free and that they
+wouldn't need no money after they was done dead. All de slaves was mighty
+sad and troubled, all dat day, when old marster made dat speech to them. But
+somethin' happened. It most makes me tremble to talk to you 'bout it now.
+Providence, or some kind of mercy spirit, was sho' walkin' 'round dat plantation
+dat night. Sometime in de night it was whispered 'round amongst de slaves
+dat old marster done took de smallpoxes and was mighty sick. Mammy said he
+must have been terrible sick, 'cause they buried him two days after dat.</p>
+
+<p>"After old marster flew away, everything was different on de plantation.
+Miss Nancy, dat was old marster's wife, told de slaves dat when de Yankees
+freed them, they could stay right there and work on shares or by the day, which
+ever way they wanted. Many stayed on de plantation after freedom while others
+went away. Me and my folks stayed on wid Miss Nancy until she die. Then us
+moved on another plantation in de lower side of de county. I stayed dere until
+my wife died, seventeen years ago.</p>
+
+<p>"Does I 'member anything 'bout how de slaves was treated in slavery
+time? Well, I 'members a little myself and a heap of what others told me. Wid
+dis I has done told you, I believes I want to stop right dere. A low fence is
+easier to git over than a high one. Say little and you ain't gwine to have a
+heap to 'splain hereafter. Dere is a plenty of persons dat has lost deir heads
+by not lettin' deir tongues rest. Marster Sam Louie is dead now. He can't disturb
+nobody in his grave. He had his faults and done many things wrong but
+show me dat person what don't mis-step sometimes. All of us, both white and
+black, is prone to step aside now and then. To tell de truth, old marster never
+knowed what Sunday was. Everybody on de plantation worked on dat day as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+same as any other day.</p>
+
+<p>"But Boss, if my old marster was rough and hard and break de Sabbath
+and all dat, he was no worser than what young white folks and niggers is
+dese days. You can see them any time, floppin' 'bout in dese automobiles,
+a drinkin' and a carryin' on. Sich stuff is abomination in de sight of a
+decent person, much less dat One up yonder. (He pointed upward).</p>
+
+<p>"I's gwine to tell you boss, dat slavery time was better for de average
+nigger than what they is gittin' now. Folks say dat slavery was wrong
+and I 'spose it was, but to be poor like a heap of niggers is now, is de
+worse thing dat has ever come upon them, I thinks. Dis gittin' something
+wrong, ain't right. De North had no business sellin' niggers to de South
+and de South had no business buyin' them from de North and makin' slaves
+of them. Everything went on pretty nice for awhile, then de North got jealous
+of de South and de South got 'spicious of de North. I believes dat if
+you can't go over and you can't go under, then you should try to go 'round.
+If de big men up North and here in de South had been good 'nough and smart
+'nough, they might could a gone 'round dat terrible Civil War. I believes
+dat.</p>
+
+<p>"I marry Lucy Nelson when I was 'bout thirty years old. She was a
+bright skin nigger, much brighter than I is. She was high tempered and high
+spirited, too. She was sho' smart, and de best cook I has ever seen. Just
+plain corn bread, dat she cooked in de hot ashes of de fireplace, taste
+sweeter and better than de cake you buy now. But de least thing would git
+her temper 'roused. I has knowed her to complain wid de old hound dog us had,
+'cause he didn't run some rabbits out de woods for me to shoot. Fuss wid de
+cats, 'cause they didn't ketch de mouses in de house. Quarrel wid de hens,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+'cause they eat, cackled, scratched and wallowed holes in de yard and wouldn't
+lay. Told de old rooster many times dat she was gwine to chop his head off
+if he didn't crow sooner and louder of mornin's and wake me up so I could
+go to work. All dis sounds foolish I knows but you see how bent my back is.
+Well, I 'spects it was bent from totin' so many buckets of water from de
+spring for her to wash wid soon of mornin's, so I could then do a day's
+work.</p>
+
+<p>"My wife thought she was doin' right by workin' like she did. She
+thought dat she was helpin' me make a livin' for our big family of eight
+chillun. Yes sir, I knows now she was right, but hard work broke her health
+and brought her to her bed where she lingered 'bout one year and then she
+went away from me. All dis took place seventeen years ago and, from then to
+dis, I ain't seen no woman I would have for a wife, 'cause I ain't gwine to
+find no woman Lucy's equal. All my chillun are dead, 'cept two, and I don't
+know where they is.</p>
+
+<p>"Does poor folks have any blessings and pleasure? Well, yes sir, in a
+way. You see they don't have no worriments over what they has, like rich
+folks. They can sleep as hot as they want to in de summer time and raise as
+big families as anybody. Sho', poor folks, and especially niggers, has a
+good time on hog-killin' days. In early summer come them juicy brierberries
+dat they enjoy so much. They last until watermelon season. Then they has
+'possum and 'tators in de fall. Most all livin' beings has deir own way of
+doin' things and deir way of existin'. De hog roots for his, de squirrel
+climbs for his, de chickens scratches for deirs, and de nigger, well, if
+dere ain't nobody lookin', I reckon they could slip deirs right handy.</p>
+
+<p>"I sho' has enjoyed talkin' to you dis evening and now, if you will
+'scuse me, I's gwine home and cook me a pot of turnips. I can almost taste<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+them now, I is so hungry."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">ALEXANDER ROBERTSON<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in13" id="in13"></a>EX-SLAVE 84 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Alexander Robertson lives as a member of the household of his son,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+Charley, on the General Bratton plantation, four miles southeast of White
+Oak, S.C. It is a box-like house, chimney in the center, four rooms, a
+porch in front and morning glory vines, in bloom at this season, climbing
+around the sides and supports. Does Alexander sit here in the autumn sunshine
+and while the hours away? Nay, in fact he is still one of the active,
+working members of the family, ever in the fields with his grandchildren, poke
+around his neck, extracting fleecy cotton from the bolls and putting it deftly
+into the poke. He can carry his row equally as well as any of the six grandchildren.
+He has a good appetite at meal time, digestive organs good, sleeps
+well, and is the early riser in the mornings. He says the Negro half of his
+nature objects to working on Saturday afternoon, and at such times his tall
+figure, with a green patch cloth over the left eye, which is sightless, may
+be seen strolling to and fro on the streets of Winnsboro.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, well! If it ain't de youngun dat use to sell me sugar, coffee,
+fat back and meal, when he clerk for Calvin Brice &amp; Company, at Woodward, in
+'84 and 'long dere.</p>
+
+<p>"I hopes you is well dis mornin'. I's told to come to Winnsboro and
+gits blanks for a pension. Andy Foster, man I knows, d'rect me up dese steps
+and bless God I finds you. You wanna ask me some questions? Well, here I is,
+more than glad to answer, if I can. Where I born? Strange as it seems, I born
+right here in Winnsboro. My name set down in a book: 'Alexander-boy-mother,
+Hannah, wench of James Stewart'. Dat de way it was read to me by Dr. Beaty, dat
+marry a Miss Cherry and live in Rock Hill. If slavery had never been done 'way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>
+wid, dat would be my master today, 'cause him lak hound dogs and I lak a
+hound dog. Dat kind of breed got a good nose and make good 'possum dog.
+Marster Jim tell me one time, dat de first dog sprung from a wolf, and dat
+fust dog was a hound dog. Dat out dat fust dog, (must to a been a bitch,
+don't you reckon?) come all dogs. I follow his talk wid belief, 'bout de
+setters, pointers, and blood hounds, even to de fices, but it strain dat
+belief when it git to de little useless hairy pup de ladies lead 'round
+wid a silver collar and a shiney chain. Well, you don't care to hear anymore
+'bout dat? What is de question?</p>
+
+<p>"My master at de fust, was Marster Jim Stewart and my mistress was
+his wife, Mistress Clara. They have two chillun. I 'member Marster Jim and
+Miss Lizzie; they live in a fine house befo' de war, 'round yonder close to
+Mt. Zion College. My mother was de cook and I was de house boy. They had a
+big plantation 'bout two miles out, sorta southwest of Boro, I mean Winnsboro,
+of course, but de country people still call it Boro.</p>
+
+<p>"On dat plantation was many two-room houses, brick chimneys in de
+middle, for de plantation slaves. In de growin' season I go wid marster
+every day, not to drive, too small for dat, just to hold de hoss, when him
+git out and then I run errands for him, 'round de house and in de fields.</p>
+
+<p>"My mother had another child, Willie Finch. A colored man name of
+Finch is his father but her and de white folks never tell me who my father
+was. I have to find out dat for myself, after freedom, when I was lookin'
+'round for a name. From all I hear and 'pear in de lookin' glass, I see I
+was half white for sure, and from de things I hear, I conclude I was a Robertson
+which have never been denied. Maybe it best just to give no front
+names. Though half a nigger, I have tried to live up to dat name, never took<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>
+it in dat court house over yonder, never took it in dat jail or dat calaboose.
+I's paid my debts dollar for dollar and owe no man nothin' but good
+will.</p>
+
+<p>"What de Yankees do when they come? Let other people tell dat, but
+seem lak they lay de whole town in ashes, 'cept de college and our house close
+to it, dat they use for de officers while they was in Boro. Why they hear
+sumpin' bout de Davis name techin' de St. John 'Piscopal Church and they march
+'round dere, one cold February Sunday mornin', set it afire, and burn it up.
+Mother and me went to de plantation and stayed dere 'til they left.</p>
+
+<p>"When freedom come, I was twelve years old. Mother marry a Finch;
+Bill was de name of him. Our nex' move was to Dr. Madden's place, just north
+of Boro. Us farm up dere and I do de hoein'. I live dere thirteen years. I
+got to feelin' my oats and tired of workin' for a plum black nigger, I did.
+Maybe I ought to been more humble but I wasn't.</p>
+
+<p>"I ask myself one night: 'What you gonna do, stay here forever
+for your vittles and clothes?' Then come over my mind I old 'nough for to
+marry. Who I gwine to marry? It pop right in dis head, Sarah was de gal for
+me. I rode old Beck down dere de nex' Sunday; dat was in December. I come
+right to de point wid her and de old folks. They 'low they have no objections
+if I could take care of her. I say I try to. They say: 'Dat ain't 'nough,
+'range yourself for another year and then come and git her'.</p>
+
+<p>"De Lord directs me. I's down here payin' my poll, too. Marster Tom
+Shanty Brice come in as us come out. I ask him if he need a hand for nex' year.
+He look me up from top to bottom and say: 'What's your name?' I show him my
+tax receipt. He hire me than and dere. I go right straight to Sarah and us
+tell de old folks. Rev. Gordon marry us de 29th of January, 1879. Us has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+seven chillun. Alex, dat's de one name for me, is in Tampa, Florida.
+Carrie marry a Coleman and is in Charlotte, N.C. Jimmie is dead. Thomas
+is in Charleston, S.C. Emma marry a Belton and lives wid her husband in
+Ridgeway, S.C. I stay wid my son, Charley, up de country.</p>
+
+<p>"I voted one time in 1876, for Gov. Chamberlain, but when I moved
+to Marster Tom Brice's I thought so much of him, I just quit voting. I
+would lak to vote one more time to say: 'I have vote one time wid de black
+part of my nature, dis time I votes wid de white side of my nature.' What
+you laughin' 'bout? If it was de call of dark blood de fust time, maybe it's
+de call of de white blood dis time. You have no idea de worry and de pain a
+mulatto have to carry all his eighty-four years. Forced to 'sociate wid one
+side, proud to be related to de other side. Neither side lak de color of
+your skin. I jine de Methodist church here in Boro and 'tend often as I can
+and as I hear my preacher Owens preach, dat dere will be no sex in hebben, I
+hopes and prays dat dere'll be no sich thing as a color line in hebben.</p>
+
+<p>"Who de best white men I ever know? Mr. Tom Brice, Mr. W.L. Rosborough,
+Mr. Watt Sinonton, and Mr. August Nicholson. Master Bill Beaty, dat
+marry my young mistress, Elizabeth, was a fine man.</p>
+
+<p>"What I think of Abe Lincoln? What I think of Mr. Roosevelt? Dere
+de color come up again. De black say Mr. Lincoln de best President us ever
+have; de white say us never have had and never will have a President equal of
+Mr. Roosevelt."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">CHARLIE ROBINSON<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in14" id="in14"></a>EX-SLAVE 87 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Charlie Robinson lives nine miles northwest of Winnsboro, S.C., on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>
+lands of Mr. R.W. Lemmon. There is one other occupant in the four-room
+house, John Giles, a share cropper. The house has two fireplaces, the
+brick chimney being constructed in the center of the two main rooms. The
+other two rooms are shed rooms. Charlie ekes out a living as a day laborer
+on the farm.</p>
+
+<p>"They been tellin' me to come to de social circle and see 'bout my pension
+but I never is got dere. It been so hot, I hate to hotfoot it nine miles
+to Winnsboro and huff dat same distance back on a hot summer day.</p>
+
+<p>"Glad you come out here but sorry of de day, 'cause it is a Friday and
+all de jay-birds go to see de devil dat day of de week. It's a bad day to begin
+a garment, or quilt or start de lye hopper or 'simmon beer keg or just anything
+important to yourself on dat day. Dere is just one good Friday in de
+year and de others is given over to de devil, his imps, and de jay-birds. Does
+I believe all dat? I believes it 'nough not to patch dese old breeches 'til
+tomorrow and not start my 'simmon beer, when de frost fall on them dis fall,
+on a Friday.</p>
+
+<p>"You wants me to set down so you can ask me sumpin'? I'll do dat! Of
+course I will! (He proceeded to do so&mdash;wiping his nose on his sleeve and
+sprawling down on the doorsill). My pappy name George, black George they call
+him in slavery time, 'cause dere was a small yallow slave on de place, named
+George. My mammy name Ca'line. My pappy b'long to de McNeals and my mammy
+b'long to Marse Joe Beard. His wife was my mistress. Her name Miss Gracie.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+'Nitials? Dat sumpin' not in my lingo, Boss. You want to know what my pappy's
+old marster name? Seem to me they call him Marse Gene, though it been so long
+I done forgot. When my marster went to de war him got a ball through his leg.
+Bad treatment of dat leg give him a limp for de balance of his days. White
+folks call him 'Hoppin' Joe Beard' and sometime 'Lopin' Joe'.</p>
+
+<p>"Marster and mistress have two chillun. I play marbles wid them and make
+mud pies. Deir names was Marse Willie and Miss Rhoda.</p>
+
+<p>"My brudders and sisters was Jeff, Roland, Jane and Fannie. All dead
+'cept Fannie. Her marry a big, long nigger name Saul Griffin. Last I heard of
+them, they was livin' in Columbia, S.C.</p>
+
+<p>"I start workin' in de field de second year of de war, 1862. It sho' made
+me hungry. I 'members now, how I'd git a big tin cupful of pot liquor from de
+greens, crumble corn bread in it at dinner time and 'joy it as de bestest part
+of de dinner. Us no suffer for sumpin' to eat. I go all summer in my shirt-tail
+and in de winter I have to do de best I can, widout any shoes. Ever since then,
+I just lak to go barefooted as you sees me now.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy git a pass and come to see mammy every Saturday night. My marster
+had just four slave houses on de place. 'Spect him have 'bout eight women,
+dat men come from other places to see and marry them and have chillun. I doesn't
+'member nary one of de women havin' a husband livin' wid her every night.</p>
+
+<p>"Who do de plowin'? Women and boys do de plowin'. Had good 'nough houses,
+though they was made of logs, 'cup and saddled' at both ends, and covered wid
+white oak board shingles. Had stick and mud chimneys.</p>
+
+<p>"De Yankees made a clean sweep of everything, hosses, mules, cows, hogs,
+meat and 'lasses. Got so mad when they couldn't find any salt, they burn up
+everything. Pull Marse Joe's beard, just 'cause him name Beard. De one dat do<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>
+dat was just a smart aleck and de cap'n of de crowd shame him and make him
+slink 'way, out de house.</p>
+
+<p>"When freedom come, Marse Joe stay one year, then leave. Sell out and
+move to Walhalla and us move to pappy on de McNeal place. Dat year us all
+jined de church, Union Church. I now b'longs to New Hope Methodist Church.
+Us nex' move to Mr. Bill Crawford's place. Mr. Crawford got to be school
+commissioner on de 'publican ticket and white folks call him scalawag. Him
+have pappy and all de colored folks go to de 'lection box and vote. Ku Klux
+come dere one night and whip every nigger man they could lay deir hands on.
+Things quiet down then but us no more go to de 'lection box and vote.</p>
+
+<p>"'Bout dis time thoughts of de gals got in my head and feets at de same
+time. I was buyin' a biled shirt and celluloid collar, in Mr. Sailing Wolf's
+store, one Saturday, and in walked Ceily Johnson. I commence to court her right
+then and dere, befo' I ever git inside dat shirt and collar. Her have dark skin
+and was good to look at, I tell you. I de-sash-shay 'bout dat gal, lak a chicken
+rooster spread his wing 'round a pretty black pullet, 'til I wear out her indifference
+and her make me happy by marryin' me. Her was too good lookin' and
+too bad doin', though, for me. She left by de light of de moon when us was livin'
+on de Cummings place, 'bove town. Excuse me now, dat's still a fresh subject of
+torment to me. Let's talk 'bout chances of gittin' dat pension, when I can git
+another clean white shirt, lay 'round de white folks again, and git dis belly
+full of pot liquor."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon.</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">AL ROSBORO<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in15" id="in15"></a>EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Al Rosboro, with his second wife, Julia, a daughter, and six small<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+grandchildren, lives in a three-room frame house, three hundred yards east of
+the Southern Railway track and US #21, about two miles south of Woodward, S.C.,
+in Fairfield County. Mr. Brice gives the plot of ground, four acres with the
+house, to Al, rent free. A white man, Mr. W.L. Harvey does the ploughing of
+the patches for him. Al has cataracts on his eyes and can do no work. Since
+this story was written he has received his first old age pension check of
+eight dollars from the Social Welfare Board in Columbia, S.C.</p>
+
+<p>"Does I know what a nonagenarian is? No seh, what dat? Old folks?
+Well, dats a mighty long name and I been here a mighty long time. Glad you
+say it's a honor and a privilege by de mercy of de Lord. I's thankful! You
+wants to know where I was born and who my white folks then?</p>
+
+<p>"I was born just one and a half mile b'low White Oak, S.C., on de
+old Marse Billie Brice place. My pappy b'long to old Miss Jennie Rosboro, but
+mammy b'long to Marse William Brice. Her name Ann. My old mistress name Mary,
+daughter of de Simontons, on Dumpers Creek.</p>
+
+<p>"You wants de fust thing I 'members, then travel 'long de years 'til
+I come to settin' right here in dis chair. Well, reckon us git through today?
+Take a powerful sight of dat pencil to put it all down.</p>
+
+<p>"Let me see. Fust thing I 'members well, was a big crowd wid picks
+and shovels, a buildin' de railroad track right out de other side of de big
+road in front of old marster's house. De same railroad dat is dere today. When
+de fust engine come through, puffin' and tootin', lak to scare 'most everybody to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+death. People got use to it but de mules and bosses of old marster seem
+lak they never did. A train of cars a movin' 'long is still de grandest
+sight to my eyes in de world. Excite me more now than greyhound busses,
+or airplanes in de sky ever do.</p>
+
+<p>"I nex' 'members my young misses and young marsters. Dere was
+Marse John; he was kilt in de war. Marse Jim, dat went to de war, come back,
+marry, and live right here in Winnsboro. Marse Jim got a grandson dat am in
+de army a sailin' air-ships. Then dere was Marse William; he moved off. One
+of de gals marry a Robertson, I can't 'member her name, tho' I help her to
+make mud pies many a day and put them on de chicken coop, in de sun, to dry.
+Her had two dolls; deir names was Dorcas and Priscilla. When de pies got
+dry, she'd take them under de big oak tree, fetch out de dolls and talk a
+whole lot of child mother talk 'bout de pies, to de Dorcas and Priscilla rag
+dolls. It was big fun for her tho' and I can hear her laugh right now lak
+she did when she mince 'round over them dolls and pies. Dere was some poor
+folks livin' close by and she'd send me over to 'vite deir chillun over to
+play wid her. They was name Marshall. Say they come from Virginny and was
+kin to de highest judge in de land. They was poor but they was proud. Mistress
+felt sorry for them but they wouldn't 'cept any help from her.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, when I git twelve years old, marster give me to his son,
+Marse Calvin, and give Marse Calvin a plantation dat his son, Homer, live on
+now. I 'member now old marster's overseer comin' to de field; his name was
+McElduff. Him say: 'Al, Marse William say come to de house'. I goes dere
+on de run. When I git dere, him 'low: 'Calvin, I wants you to take Al, I
+give him to you. Al, you take good care of your young marster'. I always
+did and if Marse Calvin was livin' he'd tell you de same.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I forgit to tell you one thing dat happen down dere befo' I
+left. Dere was a powerful rich family down dere name Cockrell; I forgits
+de fust name. Him brudder tho', was sheriff and live in Winnsboro. Dere
+was a rich Mobley family dat live jinin' him, two miles sunrise side of
+him. One day de Cockrell cows got out and played thunder wid Mr. Mobley's
+corn. Mr. Mobley kilt two of de cows. Dat made de Cockrells mad. They
+too proud to go to law 'bout it; they just bide deir time. One day Marse
+Ed Mobley's mules got out, come gallopin' 'round and stop in de Cockrell
+wheat field. Him take his rifle and kill two of them mules. Dat made Mr.
+Mobley mad but him too proud to go to law 'bout it. De Mobley's just bide
+deir time. 'Lection come 'round for sheriff nex' summer. No Cockrell was
+'lected sheriff dat time. You ask Mr. Hugh Wylie 'bout dat nex' time him
+come to de Boro. Him tell you all 'bout it.</p>
+
+<p>"Dat call to my mind another big man, dat live 'bove White Oak then,
+Marse Gregg Cameron. He was powerful rich, wid many slaves. Him lak to bar-room
+and drink. Him come by marster's house one day, fell off his hoss and de
+hoss gallop on up de road. Dat was de fust drunk man I ever see. Marster
+didn't know what to do; him come into de house and ask Mistress Mary. Him tell
+her him didn't want to scandal de chillun. She say: 'What would de good Samaritan
+do?' Old marster go back, fetch dat groanin', cussin', old man and put
+him to bed, bathe his head, make Sam, de driver, hitch up de buggy, make West
+go wid him, and take Marse Gregg home. I never see or hear tell of dat white
+man anymore, 'til one day after freedom when I come down here to Robinson's
+Circus. Him drop dead dat day at de parade, when de steam piano come 'long
+a tootin'. 'Spect de 'citement, steam, and tootin', was too much for him.</p>
+
+<p>"Niggers never learn to read and write. It was 'ginst de law. White
+folks fear they would write deir passes and git 'way to de free states.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Us slaves 'tend Concord Church, tho' Marse Calvin jine de Seceders
+and 'tend New Hope. Why us go to Concord? 'Cause it too far to walk to New
+Hope and not too far to walk to Concord. Us have not 'nough mules for all to
+ride, and then de mules need a rest. I now b'longs to Bethany Presbyterian
+Church at White Oak. Yes sah, I thinks everybody ought to jine de church for
+it's de railroad train to git to hebben on.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Calvin went to de war. Him got shot thru de hand. Yankees
+come and burn up everything him have. Wheeler's men just as bad.</p>
+
+<p>"After freedom I got mannish. Wid not a drop of blood in me but de
+pure African, I sets out to find a mate of de pure breed. 'Bout de onliest
+place I could find one of dis hatchin', was de Gaillard quarter. I marry
+Gabrielle. Live fust years at de Walt Brice McCullough place, then move to
+de Vinson place, then to de preacher Erwin place. Dat was a fine preacher,
+him pastor for Concord. Him lak to swap hosses. When him come down out de
+pulpit him looks 'round, see a hoss him lak, soon as not him go home to dinner
+wid de owner of dat hoss. After dinner him say: 'If it wasn't de Sabbath,
+how would you trade dat hoss for my hoss?' More words pass between them, just
+supposin' all de time it was Monday. Then Mr. Erwin ride back dere nex' day
+and come back wid de hoss him took a fancy for.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Erwin move when he git a call to Texas. I moves to de Bob
+Sinonton place. From dere I goes to de Jim Brice place, now owned by young
+Marse James Brice. I been dere 32 years. Gabrielle and me generate thirteen
+chillun, full blooded natural born Africans, seven boys and six gals. Then
+Gabrielle die and I marry Julia Jenkins. Us have five chillun, one boy and
+four gals. I's done a heap for my country. I wants Mr. Roosevelt to hear
+'bout dat; then maybe him make de country do sumpin' for me."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">TOM ROSBORO<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in16" id="in16"></a>EX-SLAVE 79 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Tom Rosboro lives with his daughter, Estelle Perry, in a three-room frame<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+house, on Cemetery Street, Winnsboro, S.C. The house stands on a half-acre
+plot that is used for garden truck. Estelle owns the fee in the house and lot.
+Tom peddles the truck, eggs, and chickens, in the town and the suburban Winnsboro
+mill village.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy was name Tom, just lak I is name Tom. My mammy was name Sarah
+but they didn't b'long to de same marster. Pappy b'long to old Marse Eugene
+McNaul. Mammy b'long to old Marse John Propst. De ownership of de child followed
+de mammy in them days. Dat throwed me to be a slave of old Marse John
+Propst.</p>
+
+<p>"My young marsters was name Marse Johnnie, Marse Clark, Marse Floyd, and
+Marse Wyatt. I had two young misses. Miss Elizabeth marry a McElroy and Miss
+Mamie marry a Landecker. You know Marse Ernest Propst dat run dat ladies' garment
+store and is a member of de Winnsboro Town Council? Yes? Well, dat is one
+of Marse Floyd Propst chillun.</p>
+
+<p>"I hear mammy say dat daddy's mistress was name Miss Emma but her mistress
+and my mistress was name Miss Margaret. My daddy have to have a pass every time
+he come to see mammy. Sometime they give him a general pass for de year. Sometime
+him lose de pass and then such a gwine on you never did see de lak. Make
+more miration (hullabaloo) over it than if they had lost one of de chillun. They
+was scared de patarollers (patrollers) would come ketch him, and lay de leather
+whip on his naked back. He wouldn't dare stay long. Him would go back soon, not
+on de big road but through de woods and fields, so as not to meet de patarollers.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Who was my brothers and sisters and where is they? Brother Ben and Sister
+Mamie is dead and in glory. Dat's all de chillun mammy had a chance to have,
+'cause she was a good woman and would never pay any 'tention to de men slaves on
+de Propst place. Her was faithful to pappy through thick and thin, whichever it
+be.</p>
+
+<p>"I doesn't 'member much 'bout de Yankees, though I does 'members de Ku
+Klux. They visit pappy's house after freedom, shake him, and threaten dat, if
+him didn't quit listenin' to them low-down white trash scalawags and carpetbaggers,
+they would come back and whale de devil out of him, and dat de Klan would
+take notice of him on 'lection day.</p>
+
+<p>"When I was 'bout seventeen years old, I come to de Boro (Winnsboro) one
+Saturday evenin' and seen a tall willowy gal, black she was but shiny, puttin'
+them foots of her'n down on de pavement in a pretty gamecock pullet kind of way,
+as if to say: 'Roosters look at me.' I goes over to Mr. Landecker's store, de
+Mr. Landecker dat marry Miss Mamie Propst, and I begs him to give me a cigar. I
+lights dat cigar and puts out after her. I ketches up wid her just as she was
+comin' out of Mr. Sailing Wolfe's Jew store. I brush up 'ginst her and say:
+'Excuse me lady.' Her say: 'I grants your pardon, Mister. I 'spects smoke got
+in your eyes and you didn't see me.' I say: 'Well, de smoke is out of my eyes
+now and they will never have sight for any other gal but you as long as I live.'
+Black as she was, her got red in de face and say: 'Who is you?' I say: 'Tom
+Rosboro. What might be your name, lovely gal?' Her say: 'My name is Mattie
+Nelson.' I say: 'Please to meet you, Sugar Plum.' Her say: 'I live down at
+Simpson's Turnout. Glad to have you come down to see me sometime.' After dat
+us kep' a meetin' in Winnsboro, every Saturday, 'til one day us went 'round to
+Judge Jno. J. Neils' law office and him married us. Me and Mat have our trials<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+and tribulations and has went up and down de hills in all kind of weather.
+Us never ceased to bless dat day dat I run into her at Mr. Sailing Wolfe's
+store.</p>
+
+<p>"How come I name Rosboro? I just picked it up as a mighty pretty name.
+Sound better than Propst or McNaul and de Rosboro white folks was big buckra
+in dat time.</p>
+
+<p>"Us had lots of chillun; raise some and lost some. I have a son, Charlie,
+dat's a barber in Washington, D.C. Lucy, a daughter, marry Tank Hill. Nan
+marry Banks Smith. Estelle marry Jim Perry but her is a widow now. Her bought
+a house and lot wid de insurance money from Dr. McCants. She has a nice house
+on Cemetery Street, wid water and 'lectric lights. Her got four chillun. When
+my wife die, two years ago, I move in wid Estelle and her four chillun. Her
+make money by washin' and ironin' for de white folks. Me and de chillun picks
+cotton and 'tends to de makin' and de peddlin' of garden truck and sich lak.
+Ah, us is a happy family but I ain't 'bove usin' some of dat old age pension
+money, if I can git it."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">INTERVIEW WITH<br />
+REUBEN ROSBOROUGH, RIDGEWAY, S.C.,<br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in17" id="in17"></a>EX-SLAVE&mdash;82 YEARS, 3 MONTHS OLD</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>"No sir, I can 'member nothin' 'bout de State of Verginny, where pappy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+said us was born. He told me, when I was 'bout two years old he and mammy
+Kitty was took from somewhar in dat state to Richmond, wid de understandin'
+to sell us as a family, and to give a man name Johnson, de preference. He
+say de trader couldn't find de man Johnson, and sold us to my marster, John
+Rosborough. My pappy name William, my brothers, Tom and Willie and my sisters,
+Mary and Alice.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster was a kind and tender man to slaves. You see a man love
+hosses and animals? Well, dat's de way he love us, though maybe in bigger
+portion, I 'low. Marster John never marry. Set down dere dat he was good
+enough to buy my old gran' mammy Mary, though she never could do much work.</p>
+
+<p>"Us knowed dat our gran'pappy was a white man back in Verginny, but
+dat was her secret, dat she kept locked in her breast and carried it wid her
+to de grave. You say I's very light color myself? So I is, so was she, so
+was pappy. Ease your mind, us had none of de white Rosborough in us. Us come
+on one side from de F.F.V's. I's proud of dat, and you can put down dere dat
+deres no poor white trash blood in dese old veins, too.</p>
+
+<p>"De last part of de war I worked some in de field, but not enough to
+hurt. My Marster was a Presbyterian, b'longed to Aimwell Church. Two or three
+acres in cemetery dere now, but they done move de church into de town of
+Ridgeway.</p>
+
+<p>"Money was not worshipped then like it is now. Not much use of it.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>
+Marster raised all we eat and made all we wear right dere on de place, 'bout
+five miles north of Ridgeway.</p>
+
+<p>"I guess Marster John had forty slaves. Us live in two-story log house
+wid plank floor. Marster John die, us 'scend to his brother Robert and his
+wife Mistress Mary. I played wid her chillun. Logan was one and Janie the
+other. My marster and mistress was good to me. I use to drive de mules to de
+cotton gin. All I had to do was to set on de long beam and crack my whip every
+now and then, and de mules would go 'round and 'round. Dere was three hundred
+and seventy-six acres in dat place. I own part of it today. I b'longs to Good
+Hope Church. I sure believes in de Lord, and dat His mercies is from everlastin'
+to everlastin' to them dat fears Him.</p>
+
+<p>"'Member but little 'bout de war for freedom, 'cept dat some of de slaves
+of marster was sent to de front to use pick and shovel to throw up breast works,
+and things of dat nature. My pappy was de foreman and stayed at home, carry on
+whilst Marster Robert go.</p>
+
+<p>"'Deed I recollects 'bout de Yankees. They come and ask my pappy, de foreman,
+where was de mules and hosses hid out? Pappy say he don't know, he didn't
+carry them off. They find out a boy dat knowed; make him tell, and they went
+and got de mules and hosses. They took everything and left.</p>
+
+<p>"Doctor Scott was our doctor. Dere was in them days lots of rattlesnakes;
+had to be keerful of them. Then us hear lots and had lots of chills and fever.
+They found de remedy, but they was way off 'bout what make them come on you.
+Some 'low it was de miasma dat de devil bring 'round you from de swamp and
+settle 'round your face whilst you sleep, and soon as he git you to snore you
+sniffed it to your liver, lights and gall, then dat make bile, and then you
+was wid de chills a comin' every other day and de fever all de day. Marster
+Doctor Hayne done find out dat de skeeter bring de fever and de chills, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>
+funny, he 'low dat it is de female skeeter bite dat does de business. You
+believe dat? I didn't at first, 'til old Doctor Lindor tell me dat it was
+no harder to believe than dat all disease come into de world when a female
+bite a apple in de garden of Eden.</p>
+
+<p>"I think Mr. Lincoln was raised up by de Lord, just like Moses, to
+free a 'culiar people. I think Mr. Roosevelt is de Joshua dat come after
+him. No president has done as much for de poor of both races as de one now
+president. God bless him and 'stain him in his visions and work to bring de
+kingdom of heaven into and upon de earth."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #-1655</b><br />
+<b>C.S. Murray</b><br />
+<b>Charleston, S.C.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Approx. 430 Words.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in18" id="in18"></a>GOING DOWN TO DIE<br /><br />
+(FOLKLORE)<br /><br />
+
+STORY TOLD BY EX-SLAVE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Boss Man, you talk about de brave soldier<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+who been in de last big war and
+how dey look death in de eye and spit on him. I ain't see dat
+war. It been 'cross de water. But I know sump'en 'bout de
+Civil War. I been young lad when de big gun shoot and de Yankee
+pile down from de north.</p>
+
+<p>Talk 'bout being brave. De bravest
+thing I ever see was one day at Ashepoo junction. Dat was near
+de end of de war. Grant was standing up before Richmond; Sherman
+was marching tump-tump through Georgia. I was a stripling
+lad den and boy-like I got to see and hear everything. One day
+more than all, de overseer sent my pappy to Ashepoo junction to
+get de mail. I gone 'long wid him. Seem like I jest had to go
+dat day.</p>
+
+<p>I member dat morning well. When I
+get to de junction de train start to come in. What a lot of
+train! De air fair smoke up wid dem. They come shouting in
+from Charleston, bound up-country.</p>
+
+<p>I stand wid my pappy near de long
+trestle, and see de train rock by. One enjine in front pulling
+one in de back pushing, pushing, pushing. De train load down
+wid soldier. They thick as peas. Been so many a whole ton
+been riding on de car roof. They shout and holler. I make big<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+amaze to see such a lot of soldier&mdash;all going down to die.</p>
+
+<p>And they start to sing as they cross de trestle.
+One pick a banjo, one play de fiddle. They sing and whoop,
+they laugh; they holler to de people on de ground, and sing
+out, "Good-bye." All going down to die.</p>
+
+<p>And it seem to me dat is de most wonderful sight I
+ever see. All them soldier, laughing light, singing and
+shouting dat way, and all riding fast to battle.</p>
+
+<p>One soldier man say in a loud voice: "Well, boys we
+going to cut de Yankee throat. We on our way to meet him and
+he better tremble. Our gun greeze up, and our bayonet sharp.
+Boys we going to eat our dinner in hell today."</p>
+
+<p>I turn to my pappy and ax him how can man act like
+dat when they going down to die. He answer me: "Dat ain't
+nutting. They n'use to dat. Ain't you know soldier different?"</p>
+
+<p>But I say: "Pappy, you hear dem talk 'bout eat dinner
+in hell?"</p>
+
+<p>He answer me back: "They been in de army 'long time.
+They don't study hell anymore."</p>
+
+<p>De train still rumble by. One gang of soldier on de
+top been playing card. I see um hold up de card as plain as
+day, when de luck fall right. They going to face bullet, but
+yet they play card, and sing and laugh like they in their own
+house ... All going down to die.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>De train pull 'cross de trestle. I stand up and watch
+um till he go out of sight 'round de bend. De last thing I
+hear is de soldier laugh and sing ... All going down to die.</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">SOURCE: Interview with William Rose, 80, ex-slave of Edisto
+Island, S.C., in 1936.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in19" id="in19"></a>BENJAMIN RUSSELL<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born fourteen miles north of Chester, S.C. the property<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>
+of Mrs. Rebecca Nance. After eighty-eight years, I have a vivid recollection
+of her sympathy and the ideal relations she maintained with her
+slaves.</p>
+
+<p>"My father was just Baker, my mother just Mary. My father was
+bought out of a drove of slaves from Virginia. I have been told my mother
+was born on the Youngblood place. (Youngblood name of my mistress'
+people in York County.) My father was a slave of a Mr. Russell and lived
+two or three miles from the Nance place, where mother lived. He could only
+visit her on a written pass. As he was religiously inclined, dutiful and
+faithful as a slave, my mother encouraged the relation that included a
+slave marriage between my father and mother. My mother in time, had a
+log house for herself and children. We had beds made by the plantation's
+carpenter. As a boy I remember plowing from sun to sun, with an hour's
+intermission for dinner, and feeding the horses.</p>
+
+<p>"Money? Yes, sometimes white folks and visitors would give me
+coppers, 3-cent pieces, and once or twice dimes. Used them to buy extra
+clothing for Sundays and fire crackers and candy, at Christmas. We had
+good food. In the busy seasons on the farm the mistress saw to it that the
+slaves were properly fed, the food cooked right and served from the big kitchen.
+We were given plenty of milk and sometimes butter. We were permitted to
+have a fowl-house for chickens, separate from the white folks. We wore warm
+clothes and stout brogan shoes in winter; went barefooted from April until
+November and wore cotton clothes in summer. The master and some of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>
+women slaves spun the thread, wove the cloth and made the clothes. My
+mother lived in a two-story farm house. Her children were: William, Mattie
+and Thomas. We never had an overseer on the place. Sometimes she'd whip
+the colored children, but only when it was needed for correction.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir, I went with my young master, William, to Chester
+Court House, and saw slaves put on a block and auctioned off to the
+highest bidder, just like land or mules and cattle. Did we learn to read
+and write? We were taught to read, but it was against the law to teach
+a slave to write. The Legislature passed an act to that effect. A number
+of cases in which slaves could write, the slave would forge a pass and
+thereby get away to free territory. They had a time getting them back.
+On one occasion I run in on my young master, William, teaching my Uncle
+Reuben how to write. They showed their confusion.</p>
+
+<p>"All slaves were compelled to attend church on Sunday. A
+gallery around the interior of the church, contained the blacks. They
+were permitted to join in the singing. Favorite preacher? Well, I guess
+my favorite preacher was Robert Russell. He was allowed sometimes to use
+the white folks school, which wasn't much in those days, just a little
+log house to hold forth in winter. In summer he got permission to
+have a brush arbor of pine tops, where large numbers came. Here they sang
+Negro spirituals. I remember one was called: 'Steal away to Jesus.'</p>
+
+<p>"Runaway slaves? Yes, we had one woman who was contrary
+enough to run away: Addie, she run off in the woods. My mistress hired her
+out to the McDonald family. She came back and we had to pelt and drive her
+away.</p>
+
+<p>"How did we get news? Many plantations were strict about this,
+but the greater the precaution the alerter became the slaves, the wider<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+they opened their ears and the more eager they became for outside information.
+The sources were: Girls that waited on the tables, the ladies'
+maids and the drivers; they would pick up everything they heard and pass
+it on to the other slaves.</p>
+
+<p>"Saturday afternoons? These were given to women to do the family
+washing, ironing, etc., and the men cut fire wood, or worked in the garden,
+and special truck crops. Christmas? Christmas was a holiday, but
+the fourth of July meant very little to the slave people. Dances? There
+was lots of dancing. It was the pastime of the slave race. The children
+played shimmy and other games, imitating the white children, sometimes
+with the white folks.</p>
+
+<p>"The master and mistress were very particular about the slave
+girls. For instance, they would be driving along and pass a girl walking
+with a boy. When she came to the house she would be sent for and questioned
+something like this: 'Who was that young man? How come you with
+him? Don't you ever let me see you with that ape again. If you cannot
+pick a mate better than that I'll do the picking for you.' The explanation:
+The girl must breed good strong serviceable children.</p>
+
+<p>"No, I never saw a ghost, but there was a general belief among
+the race in ghosts, spirits, haunts and conjuration. Many believe in
+them yet. I can never forget the fright of the time my young master, William
+was going off to the war. The evening before he went, a whippoorwill
+lighted on the window sill and uttered the plaintive 'whip-poor-will.'
+All the slaves on the place were frightened and awed and predicted bad
+luck to Master Will. He took sick in war and died, just wasted away. He
+was brought back in rags toward the end of the struggle.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Mistress always gave the slaves a big dinner on New Year's Day
+and talked to us out of the catechism. She impressed on us after dinner
+that time, that we were free. Some were sorry, some hurt, but a few were
+silent and glad. I and many of the others had been well treated. When we
+were sick she visited us and summoned a doctor the first thing, but the
+remedies those days were castor oil, quinine, turpentine, mustard plaster
+and bleeding."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>May 29, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in20" id="in20"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVE</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born about 1846, 'cause I was in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>
+de war and was 19 years old when de war was over. I went to
+Charleston with my master, Ros Atwood, my mistress's brother.
+My mistress was Mrs. Laura Rutherford and my master at home
+was Dr. Thomas Rutherford. We was on Morris Island.</p>
+
+<p>"My father was Allen Rutherford and my
+mother Barbara Rutherford. My daddy had come from Chili to
+this country, was a harness maker, and belonged awhile to
+Nichols. We had a good house or hut to live in, and my work
+was to drive cows till I was old 'nough to work in de fields,
+when I was 13. Then I plowed, hoed cotton, and hoed corn 'till
+last year of war and den went to Charleston.</p>
+
+<p>"Master paid us no money for work. We
+could hunt and fish, and got lots of game around there. We
+had dogs but our master didn't like hounds.</p>
+
+<p>"Col. Daryton Rutherford, doct's son, had
+me for a 'pet' on the place. They had overseers who was sometimes
+bossy but they wouldn't allow dem to whip me. One old nigger
+named 'Isom', who come from Africa, was whipped mighty bad one
+day. The padderollers whip me one night when I went off to git
+a pair of shoes for an old lady and didn't git a pass. I was
+16 years old then.</p>
+
+<p>"Doctor Rutherford had several farms&mdash;I
+reckon around 2,000 acres of land. We didn't have church nor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>
+school but sometimes we had to go to de white folks church and
+set in the gallery. We didn't learn to read and write. The
+mistress learnt some of de nigger chaps to read and write a
+little.</p>
+
+<p>"We had Saturday afternoons off to wash up
+and clean up. When Christmas come the doctor would give us good
+things to eat. When we was sick he give us medicine, but some
+of de old folks would make hot teas from root herbs.</p>
+
+<p>"We had old time corn-shuckings before and
+after freedom. We made sure enough corn den and lots of it&mdash;had
+four cribs full. When freedom come, the old man had fallen
+off a block and was hurt, so one of de overseers told us we was
+free and could go if we wanted to. Some of dem stayed on and some
+got in the big road and never stopped walking. Then we worked
+for &#x2153; share of the crops; had our little patch to work, too.</p>
+
+<p>"I was 31 years old when I married first
+time. Was living in Mollohon. Her name was Leana and she belonged
+to Madison Brooks's family, as waiting girl. I was married twice,
+but had 13 children all by my first wife. I have 14 grandchildren,
+and so many great-grandchildren I can't count them.</p>
+
+<p>"When de Ku Klux was in dat country I lived
+wid a man who was one of them. The first I knew about it was when
+I went down to de mill, de mule throwed me and de meal, and down
+de road I went to running and met a Ku Klux. It was him.</p>
+
+<p>"I think Abe Lincoln and Jeff Davis good men,
+but don't know much about dem.</p>
+
+<p>"I join de church when I was 68 years old
+'cause God sent me to do it. I believe all ought to join church."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">SOURCE: Joe Rutherford (92), Newberry, S.C.; Interviewer: G. Leland
+Summer, Newberry, S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>June 7, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in21" id="in21"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVE</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born about 1849 in the Dutch Fork section<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>
+of Newberry County, S.C. I was slave of Ivey Suber and his good
+wife. My daddy was Bill Suber and my mammy was Mary Suber. I
+was hired by Marse Suber as a nurse in the big house, and I waited
+on my mistress when she was sick, and was at her bed when she died.
+I had two sisters and a brother and when we was sold they went to
+Mr. Suber's sister and I stayed with him.</p>
+
+<p>"My master was good to his slaves. He give them
+plenty to eat, good place to sleep and plenty of clothes. The
+young men would hunt lots, rabbits, possums, and birds. My white
+folks had a big garden and we had eats from it. They was good
+cooks, too, and lived good. We card and spin and weave our own
+clothes on mistress's spinning wheels.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Suber had one overseer who was good to us.
+We went to work at sun-up and worked 'till sun-down, none of us
+worked at night. We sometimes got a whipping when we wouldn't
+work or do wrong, but it wasn't bad.</p>
+
+<p>"We never learned to read and write. We had no
+church and no school on the plantation, but we could go to the
+white folk's church and sit in the gallery. Some of us was made
+to go, and had to walk 10 miles. Of course, we never thought
+much about walking that far. I joined the church because I was
+converted; I think everybody ought to join the church.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"The patrollers rode 'round and ketched slaves
+who ran away without passes. They never bothered us. When our
+work was over at night, we stayed home, talked and went to sleep.
+On Saturday afternoons white folks sometimes give us patches of
+ground to work, and we could wash up then, too. We raised corn
+on the patches and some vegetables. On Sunday we just rested
+and went to neighbor's house or to church. On Christmas we
+had big eats.</p>
+
+<p>"Corn-shuckings and cotton-pickings always had
+suppers when work was done. Master made whiskey up at his
+sister's place, and at these suppers he had whiskey to give us.</p>
+
+<p>"When we was sick we had a doctor&mdash;didn't believe
+much in root teas.</p>
+
+<p>"I married when I was 15 years old at a white
+man's place, Mr. Sam Cannon's. A negro man named Jake Cannon
+married us. Supper was give us by Mr. Sam Cannon after it was
+over.</p>
+
+<p>"When freedom came, my mother moved away, but
+I stayed on.</p>
+
+<p>"I think Abraham Lincoln was a good man, and
+Jeff Davis was a good man. I don't know anything about Booker
+Washington."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Lila Rutherford (86), Newberry, S.C., RFD<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.2em;">Interviewer: G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+Newberry, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #-1655</b><br />
+<b>Mrs. Genevieve W. Chandler</b><br />
+<b>Murrells Inlet, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Georgetown County</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>FOLKLORE</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in22" id="in22"></a>Uncle Sabe Rutledge<br />
+(Testimony given by old man born 1861, The Ark Plantation.<br />
+Horry County&mdash;owned by Mr. John Tillman)</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Fust thing I realize to remember, I nuster cry to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>
+go to the old boss&mdash;old Massa&mdash;for sugar. Massa
+say:</p>
+
+<p>"'Martha, what Newman (he call me that) crying for?'
+Ma say, 'Wanter come to you for sugar!'</p>
+
+<p>"'Bring the boy here, Martha!'</p>
+
+<p>"He gi'e me sugar.</p>
+
+<p>"Boil salt? Pump! Pump! Pump it! Had a tank.
+Run from hill to sea. Had a platform similar to wharf.
+And pump on platform. Fetch good high. Go out there on
+platform. Force pump. My Grandmother boil salt way
+after Freedom. We tote water. Tote in pidgin and keeler&mdash;make
+out of cedar and cypress. No 'ting to
+crove 'em (groove 'em) compass. Dog-wood and oak rim.
+Give it a lap. (This was his description, with pantomime,
+of the way pidgin and keelers were made by plantation
+carpenters)</p>
+
+<p>"My Grandmother had two pots going. Boil all day
+and all night. Biling. Boil till he ticken (thicken)
+Cedar paddles stir with. Chillun eat with wooden spoons.
+Clay pot? Just broken piece. Indian had big camping
+ground on beach near the Ark. After big blow you can
+find big piece of pot there. I see Indian. Didn't see<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>
+wild one; see tame one.</p>
+
+<p>"Indigo? Old man Lashie Tillman nuster plant indigo.
+Seed lak a flax. Put myrtle seed in with indigo to boil.
+Gather and boil for the traffic. All the big folkses
+plant that fore the rice. Rice come in circulation, do
+way with indigo. Nuster (used to) farm indigo just like
+we work our corn. Didn't have nothing but ox. And the
+colored folks&mdash;they came next to the ox&mdash;Hill keep
+advancing out. Reckon you wouldn't blieve it, but I ken
+cummember (Uncle Sabe stutters a bit) when all that beach
+been cultivate field. Must be nature for sand hill to
+move. Time most got too fast now for the people to live.</p>
+
+<p>"Storm? Oh my Lord! Flagg Storm? Sea naturally
+climb right over that hill like it wasn't nothing. Water
+come to King Road. Reckon it would a come further if the
+wind didn't shift.</p>
+
+<p>"Calls this 'The Ridge.' Why? I first man settle
+here. Oak Ridge. (It is the highest land between the
+Waccamaw river and the ocean.) Just name it so.</p>
+
+<p>"Member the shipwreck. Two men and lady come to the
+Ark. Stormy time. Massa take them to town. Old anchor
+there now. Come a blow you kin see it. Water rise over
+it high tide.</p>
+
+<p>"Ma tell me bout they had the to-do. Blockade at
+Inlet. Had 'em out to drill (The Yankees came to shore<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>
+to drill.) Old man John Tillman lose all he China-a-way!
+(chinaware.) Every bit of his china and paints (panes of
+glass) out the window. Yankee gun boat sojer (soldier)
+to Magnolia to drill. They tack 'em (attacked 'em) to
+cut 'em off. When Rebs tack 'em, small boats gone back.
+She had to brace 'em. Shoot dem shell to brace. (Gun
+boat fired to frighten Rebs who were cutting Yankees off
+from escape) I hear old man Frank Norris&mdash;lived right
+beyond Vettrill Deas&mdash;I hear him (nuster come home to
+the Ark and trap)&mdash;I hear him say lot of 'em bog.
+(Ella, Agnes and Johnnie Johnson fadder been there) Bomb
+shell hit the hill and bury them in the sand. Had to dig
+out.</p>
+
+<p>"Old man John Tillman my boss. Sho treat his people
+good. Don't see why his folks (slaves) went to blockade
+(tried to escape and join Yankee gun-boats). Sho treat
+his colored folks good. My Grandfather, Rodrick Rutledge,
+driver from a boy. Time he big nuff to handle it till
+Freedom.</p>
+
+<p>"Couldn't marry widout consent of boss." (Remark
+from Uncle Sabe's sister, Mom Jane, who is quite acid.
+All her information inherited&mdash;she Freedom child)
+Mom Jane: "Been to devil and come back now!"</p>
+
+<div class="center">(Comparing slavery to the lower regions)</div>
+
+<p>Uncle Sabe&mdash;continuing:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Have sick house; have chillun house." (All in this
+section tell great tales of the 'chillun house.' Sounds
+a lot like the nurse houses in Russia today. All the
+babies were in this day nursery in care of the older
+women, too old for field work.) "Corn. Meat&mdash;pig,
+beef, fish&mdash;plenty milk." (Some cow 'coffee cow'&mdash;that
+is give just enough milk for the coffee.)</p>
+
+<p>"Any rice?"</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Jane: (interrupting) "Pick you teet (teeth) to find
+the rice! Great God! Now I can buy my rice!"</p>
+
+<p>Uncle Sabe: "Could plant up-land rice to Ark. (This on
+coast away from fresh water)</p>
+
+<p>"Ash cake? Meal, salt, water. Not a grease! Not a
+grease! See Mudder cook it many a hundred day!"</p>
+
+<p>Mom Jane: "Put it in the stove today,&mdash;nothing!
+Rather have it any day!"</p>
+
+<p>Sabe: "Wrap it in brown paper, mostly. Cows free in
+woods. Alligator tail good. Snail built up just like a
+conch (whelk). They eat good. Worms like a conch.
+Bile conch. Git it out shell. Grind it sausage grinder.
+Little onion. Black pepper. Rather eat conch than any
+kind of nourishment out of salt water."</p>
+
+<p>Mom Jane: "Conjur? Wouldn't turn a hucks bread for 'em."
+(Give a crust.)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Sabe: "What God got lot out for a man he'll get it."</p>
+
+<p>"Flat boat full up (with slaves trying to escape)
+gone down Waccamaw. Uncle Andrew Aunt the one got he eye
+shoot out (by patrollers) took 'em to camp on North
+Island. Never see so much a button and pin in my life!
+Small-pox in camp. Had to leave 'em.</p>
+
+<p>"Captain Ben and Captain Tom fadder&mdash;look how
+he die! Looker the blood! Looker the people! Looker
+the blood! His boat call 'The Bull River.' Up and down
+Pee Dee river. Meet flat! Bore hole in flat and women
+and chillun go down! Take men off. He COME TO THIS
+COUNTRY. (Came down from North before Civil War) Them
+darnish Yankee very percruel. (Peculiar?)</p>
+
+<p>"My Great-grandmother Veenia, pirate captured and
+took all they money in English war. (Revolution) Dem
+day Ladies wear bodkin fastened to long gold chain on
+shoulder&mdash;needle in 'em and thimble and ting. Coming
+down from New York to get away from English. My great
+grandmother little chillun. Pirate come to her Missus.
+Take all they money&mdash;come cut bodkin off her shoulder.
+Grandmother ma gone on the boat and twiss herself in
+Missus' skirt. Pirate put 'em off to Wilmington. Come
+on down settle to Pitch Landing near Socastee. Keep on
+till they get to Ark.</p>
+
+<p>"My Great-Grandma Veenia didn't have a teet in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+her head&mdash;one hundred ten years old and could eat hard
+a bread as any we."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Uncle Sabe Rutledge<br />
+Burgess, S.C.&mdash;P.O.<br />
+Horry County<br />
+Age 76 (Born 1861)<br />
+Ark Plantation.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1655</b><br />
+<b>Genevieve W. Chandler</b><br />
+<b>Georgetown County, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>FOLKLORE</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in23" id="in23"></a>UNCLE SABE RUTLEDGE<br /><br />
+(EX-SLAVE STORY)</h3>
+
+
+<p>"They call him Rogerick Rutledge for shortness. My Grandpa REAL<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+name Jim. First time I big enough to realect (recollect) him he have on
+no pants but something built kinder like overall and have a apron. Apron
+button up here where my overall buckle and can be let down. All been dye
+with indigo. Have weave shirt&mdash;dye with blue indigo boil with myrtle
+seed. Myrtle seed must-a-did put the color in. Old brogan shoe on he
+foot. Old beaver hat on he head. Top of crown wear out and I member he
+have paste-board cover over with cloth and sew in he hat crown. My Grandmother
+wear these here gingham cloth call gingham twill.</p>
+
+<p>"Now the chillun! I member I was a big boy grown when I get my first
+pants. All boy chillun wear a shirt&mdash;&mdash;long down to knee and lower. Have
+belt round the middle&mdash;just like you belt to hold 'em. Chillun have not
+a shoe! Not a shoe for chillun on us plantation to the Old Ark. First
+shoe I have, Pa get a cow hide and tan it. And a man name Stalvey make my
+first pair of shoes. I was way near bout grown. Make the sole out the
+thickness of the cow hide. Short quarter. No eye&mdash;just make the hole.
+Last! Yes man! Yes man! Yes man! Keep 'em grease! Them shoe never wear
+out!</p>
+
+<p>"We raise all we get to eat. Hominy, cornbread, peas, potatoes, rice.
+Morest we plant this here yellow corn. I cry many a day bout that yellow corn!<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+We say, 'Pa, this here yellow corn make hominy look like he got egg cook
+in 'em; red corn look like hominy cook in red molasses!'</p>
+
+<p>"But yellow corn stronger feed! Stronger feed! And Pa know 'em.</p>
+
+<p>"Sunday come go to church in that same blue shirt! Little old
+pole church&mdash;(gone now)&mdash;call 'Dick Green Bay Church'. (Named for
+a local character.) When we go to church before freedom, Mudder and them
+have to have the ticket.</p>
+
+<p>"Old man John Tilghman at the Ark Plantation have no overseer&mdash;have
+'Driver'. Most folks on Waccamaw have overseer and 'Driver'. My Pa
+been the Ark 'Driver.'</p>
+
+<p>"Old man Zachariah Duncan been the preacher. That the same man build
+the first 'Heaven Gate' church after freedom. He got drift lumber on the
+river and on the beach. Flat 'em&mdash;make a raft and float 'em over to the
+hill and the man haul 'em to 'Heaven Gate' with ox. Yes. 'Heaven Gate'
+built outer pick up lumber.</p>
+
+<p>"Before freedom Parson Glennie&mdash;he was 'Piscopal&mdash;he would come
+give us a service once a month on the plantation&mdash;so mother said.</p>
+
+<p>"Patches of indigo all through the woods. You know cow eat indigo.
+Us have too much ox! Have to haul rail all the time keep up the old fence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+Woods full up with cow. Cattle loose&mdash;free. When you want beef have
+to hunt for 'em like we hunts deer now. I member some ox I helped broke.
+Pete, Bill, Jim, David. Faby was a brown. David kinder mouse color. We
+always have the old ox in the lead going to haul rail. Hitch the young
+steer on behind. Sometimes they 'give up' and the old ox pull 'em by the
+neck! Break ox all the time. Fun for us boys&mdash;breaking ox. So much
+of rail to haul!</p>
+
+<p>"(You can't tell me bout this pension? Look like to me somebody trying
+to smother something. Letters come. Cards come. My name on outside alright.
+Tell me to put my name on cards and hand 'em out to my friends. Say send
+twenty-five cents. Next time say 'Send thirty-five cents'. He cool off
+then and another man&mdash;Mr. Pope come in. Got two letter from him and he
+tell me be still till I hear from him again. J.E. Pope. Last blank I
+got from Mr. Pope he say not to look for more than thirty or thirty-two
+dollars a month. Say there ain't going to be no two hundred a month.)</p>
+
+<p>"How come I know all these Buh Rabbit story, Mudder spin you know.
+Have the great oak log, iron fire dog. Have we chillun to sit by the fireplace
+put the light-wood under&mdash;blaze up. We four chillun have to pick
+seed out the cotton. Work till ten o'clock at night and rise early! Mudder<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+and Father tell you story to keep you eye open! Pick out cotton seed be
+we job every night in winter time&mdash;'cept Sunday! When we grow bigger,
+Mudder make one card. One would spin and then Mudder go to knitting.
+Night time picking these cotton seed out; day time in winter getting wood!</p>
+
+<p>"Fall&mdash;&mdash;harvest peanut, peas, 'tater!</p>
+
+<p>"I member all them Buh Rabbit story! Mudder tell 'em and we laugh
+and wake up! They was one bout Buh Rabbit and Buh Patridge. You know Buh
+Patridge the onliest one get the best of Buh Rabbit!</p>
+
+<p>"Buh Rabbit bet Buh Patridge (Buh Rabbit think he so sharp you
+know!) He bet Buh Patridge if he fly off down the road a piece and lit
+Buh Rabbit can find 'em.&mdash;Buh Patridge bet him he can't! So Buh
+Patridge take off and fly down the road a piece and lit&mdash;like a Patridge
+will do&mdash;lit and turn up on he back and rake the leaves over him and
+kiver (cover) his body all 'cept he two foots sticking up like stick!</p>
+
+<p>"Now Buh Rabbit come! He hunt and he hunt and he hunt! Couldn't
+find 'em and he get so hot he take off he coat and hang it on Buh Patridge
+foots!</p>
+
+<p>"He go on hunting and after while he call out,</p>
+
+<p>"'Well I can't find Buh Patridge! Can't find Buh Patridge!'</p>
+
+<p>"And Buh Patridge sing out,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"'Well, Buh Rabbit, here I is! You hang you coat on my feet!'</p>
+
+<p>"Buh Rabbit have to pay the bet! (I don't member what the bet
+was). So Buh Patridge was the onliest one I ever hear bout could get
+the best of Buh Rabbit!</p>
+
+<p>"When Father and Mudder tell them story we chillun noddin'! Some
+cackle out and all jump up and go back to picking out cotton seed!</p>
+
+<p>"There is another one bout Buh Bear. They goes out my head. I'll
+think them Buh Rabbit up fore you come back Missus!"</p>
+
+<p>And Uncle Sabe, who was sitting on the 'LOOK OUT' at the Floral
+Beach Fishery, continued to let his eyes play all over the sea like
+searchlights, ready to wave the black flag and march down toward the
+fishery holding it aloft keeping himself in a line with the fish if fish
+were sighted. Since way before what he called 'the big war' he and his
+people have eaten mullet and rice for the three fall months. His home
+was visited before Uncle Sabe was located and children and grand-children,
+wife, sister and neighbors were found seated and standing all over the
+kitchen floor and piazza floor and steps&mdash;&mdash;each one with a generous tin
+plate of rice and fresh, brown, hot 'spot'&mdash;&mdash;a fish not so valuable in
+summer but choice in fall and winter. Two hounds and a large cat worked
+around among the feasters for their well chewed bones.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Uncle Sabe Rutledge, The Ridge, Burgess, S.C., (Horry County)<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.3em;">Born first year of the Civil War.</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>(He owns his house and land,&mdash;&mdash;some twenty-five acres under
+cultivation. This is located on what appears to be a 'height of land' lying
+between the Waccamaw and the Atlantic. Locally it is known as 'The Sand
+Ridge'.)</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>May 31, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Martha Ritter</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in24" id="in24"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born in Edgefield county, S.C., about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>
+1854. I was the son of Larkin and Cheny Ryan who was the slaves
+of Judge Pickens Butler who lived at Edgefield Courthouse. I has
+some brothers and sisters, but don't remember them all. We lived
+in a log house with but one room. We had good beds to sleep in,
+and always had plenty to eat. Old Judge Butler was a good man.
+I was 10 years old when he died. Before then I worked in and
+around the house, and freedom come I stayed with the Butler family
+two years, then went to Dr. Maxwell's.</p>
+
+<p>"In slavery time we had extra patches of
+ground to work for ourselves which we sometimes worked on Saturday
+afternoons as we had dat time off. Judge Butler used to give us
+a little money, too, before freedom come, for our work. We bought
+clothes and things we had to have. We had a big plantation garden
+dat the overseers planted for all on de place to eat out of.</p>
+
+<p>"We used to hunt 'possums, rabbits, squirrels,
+wild turkeys, doves, partridges, and set traps for partridges and
+set box gums for rabbits. We had good food then, plenty peas,
+cornbread, and wild game. When winter time come we put on wool
+clothes and heavy shoes.</p>
+
+<p>"Old Marse Butler and his mistress was good,
+de best folks in de country. They lived in a big house, had a
+girl and a boy, and over 1000 or maybe 2,000 acres of land, on
+several farms. One was on Saluda River. His overseers some was
+no good, but master wouldn't let them treat slaves cruel, just
+light whipping.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"We used to have to wake up at sun-up and
+work till sundown. We didn't learn to read and write; but we had
+a prayer house on de plantation where we could go to sometimes,
+until freedom come, then we went on to it just the same. Old man
+Bennefield, a nigger preacher, talked to us there. I can 'member
+one of de favorite songs we sung:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Show pity, O Lord, forgive,<br />
+Let e'er repentant sinner live;<br />
+Are not thy mercies large and free,<br />
+May not a sinner trust in Thee.'<br />
+<br />
+'My crimes are great, and can't surpass,<br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;'
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"None of Major Pickens Butler's slaves ever
+went away from him, but some in de neighborhood did run away, and
+day never heard of dem again.</p>
+
+<p>"The paderrollers would catch a nigger if
+he didn't have a pass. Some would pass and re-pass in the road,
+and maybe get catched and such scuffling would go on!</p>
+
+<p>"We worked on Saturday afternoons unless
+boss give time off to work our own little patches or do some
+other work we had to do. But some would frolic then and wash
+up for Sunday, or set around. On Sunday we went to church and
+talked to neighbors. On Christmas we celebrated by having a
+big dinner which the master give us. We had three days holiday
+or sometimes a week. We had New Year's Day as a special day for
+working, 'cause it was a sign if we worked good dat day, we would
+work good all de year. The white folks had corn-shuckings and
+cotton pickings in slavery and after freedom, too. Den would have
+big supper. Some neighbors walk ten miles, like walking to church
+or to school. Didn't think anything of walking dat far.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Some of de games played by children were
+marbles, jump-rope.</p>
+
+<p>"Once an old man had his dog trained to say
+his prayers. The dog was fed but wouldn't be allowed to eat until
+he put his paws in front and bow his head on dem; de old man say to
+him, 'No, no, you die and go to hell if you don't say your prayers.'</p>
+
+<p>"Once another fellow, a nigger, said he was
+going to his wife's house to see her; but he had to pass his old
+partner's place on de way, who was dead. When he got opposite
+the partner's place something, maybe a ghost, came to him and
+wrestled with him and wouldn't let him go on to see his wife, so
+he come back to his master's house and stayed.</p>
+
+<p>"When the slaves got sick they had doctors,
+and used old herbs. 'Jerusalem Ore' was a kind of herb for
+children, to build them up, and there was field grass roots and
+herb roots which was boiled and tea drunk for fevers. And 'Primer-rhine'
+tea which was drunk, too. Sometimes they would hang garlic
+around small boys and girls necks to keep away any kind of sickness.</p>
+
+<p>"We didn't have schools; started them the second
+year after freedom. Old General Butler give us old slaves a home
+each and a small patch to work.</p>
+
+<p>"I married when I was 21 years old, the first
+time in Edgefield County, now called Saluda County. I have six
+children, nine grand-children, and four great-grand-children.</p>
+
+<p>"I think Abe Lincoln was good man and he was
+Providential arrangement. I think Jeff Davis was good man, same.
+Booker T. Washington is good man, done lots for young niggers. I
+rather like it now, and not slavery time. I joined church when I
+was 18 to turn from evil ways and to live a better life."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Henry Ryan (83), Newberry, S.C.; by G. Leland Summer, Newberry, S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Oct. 11, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in25" id="in25"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I live in a rented three-room house with my daughter. I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>
+am too old to do much work, but I work where I can get little jobs
+that I can do.</p>
+
+<p>"The slaves did not expect anything after Freedom, for the
+South was in such a bad fix. They just got jobs where they could
+find them. Most of them worked as share-croppers or wage hands on the
+farms, and have worked like this since that time. Some few have rented
+farms. When any moved to town they got jobs where they could.</p>
+
+<p>"I never thought much about Reconstruction. Some slaves
+voted at first, but when Wade Hampton was elected they didn't get to
+vote much.</p>
+
+<p>"I think the younger generation has too much freedom and
+doesn't stay home enough. They want to have their own way.</p>
+
+<p>"Over in old Edgefield where I was raised we had plenty to
+eat; plenty peas, corn bread, turnips and other things. We hunted
+wild game, too. I was a slave of Major Pickens Butler. He was a good
+man and sometimes gave us a little money for our work. Our master
+gave us a small patch of land to work for ourselves and plant anything
+we wanted.</p>
+
+<p>"No, I never think anything about voting. I am satisfied
+just to get along."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Henry Ryan (N&mdash;83), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/18/37.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 25, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in26" id="in26"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I am bad-sick woman, in bed and can't hardly talk and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+can't 'member much. I was born near Broad River in de Blair
+section. I belonged in slavery to de Blair family. My mudder
+and papa was Grace and Samuel Blair, and dey belonged to
+Capt. Blair. When dey was sold, I was put in de house wid a
+good free nigger woman to raise me and to stay 'till de war
+was over. Den I come to de Blair house, and helped around de
+house. My sisters could card, spin and weave, and I helped dem
+wid it. I didn't have but one dress. When it got dirty, I went
+down to de creek and washed it and put it against de lims to
+dry, but I had to put it back on before it got good dry.</p>
+
+<p>"When I got old enough, I worked in de field, hoeing
+and picking cotton."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Emoline Satterwhite (82), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 19, 1937</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Sept. 9, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in27" id="in27"></a>STORIES OF EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Marster Charner Scaife a-laying on his bed of death is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+'bout de first thing dat stuck in my mind. I felt sorry fer everybody
+den. Miss Mary Rice Scaife, his wife, was mean. She died a year
+atter. Never felt sad nor glad den; never felt no ways out of de
+regular way, den.</p>
+
+<p>"Overseers I recollects was, Mr. Sam Hughes, Mr. Tom Baldwin,
+and Mr. Whitfield Davis. Mr. Baldwin was de best to me. He had a
+still-house out in a field whar liquor was made. I tote it fer him.
+We made good corn liquor. Once a week I brung a gallon to de big
+house to Marster. Once I got happy off'n it, and when I got dar lots
+of it was gone. He had me whipped. Dat de last time I ever got happy
+off'n Marster's jug.</p>
+
+<p>"When I was a shaver I carried water to de rooms and polished
+shoes fer all de white folks in de house. Sot de freshly polished
+shoes at de door of de bed-room. Get a nickle fer dat and dance fer
+joy over it. Two big gals cleaned de rooms up and I helped carry out
+things and take up ashes and fetch wood and build fires early every
+day. Marster's house had five bedrooms and a setting room. De kitchen
+and dining-room was in de back yard. A covered passage kept dem from
+getting wet when dey went to de dining-room. Marster said he had
+rather get cold going to eat dan to have de food get cold while it
+was being fetched to him. So he had de kitchen and dining-room jined,
+but most folks had de dining-room in de big house.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"It took a week to take de cotton boat from Chester to
+Columbia. Six slaves handled de flat-boat. Dere was six, as I said,
+de boatman, two oarsmen, two steermen and an extra man. De steermen
+was just behind de boatman. Dey steered wid long poles on de
+way up de river and paddled down de river. De two oarsmen was behind
+dem. Dey used to pole, too, going up, and paddling going down.
+Seventy-five or eighty bales was carried at a time. Dey weighed
+around three hundred pounds apiece. In Columbia, de wharfs was on
+de Congree banks. Fer de cotton, we got all kinds of supplies to
+carry home. De boat was loaded wid sugar and coffee coming back. On
+Broad River we passed by Woods Ferry, Fish Dam Ferry, Hendersons
+Ferry and Hendersons Island and some others, but dat is all I recollect.
+We unloaded at our own ferry, called Scaife Ferry.</p>
+
+<p>"I split rails fer fences. On Christmas we had coffee,
+sugar and biscuit fer breakfast."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Alexander Scaife (82), Box 104, Pacolet, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #-1655</b><br />
+<b>Phoebe Faucette</b><br />
+<b>Hampton County</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>FOLKLORE</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in28" id="in28"></a>ELIZA SCANTLING EX-SLAVE<br />
+<br />
+87 Years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"If you wants to know about de slavery times," said old Aunt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+Eliza, "you'se sure come to de right person; 'cause I wuz right
+dere." The statement was easy to believe; for old Aunt Eliza's
+wrinkled face and stiff, bent form bore testimony to the fact
+that she had been here for many a year. As she sat one cold
+afternoon in December before her fire of fat lightwood knots,
+in her one-room cabin, she quickly went back to her childhood
+days. Her cabin walls and floor were filled with large cracks
+through which the wind came blowing in.</p>
+
+<p>"I gits along pretty good. My chillun lives all around here,
+and my granddaughter that's a-standin' at the window dere, takes
+care of me. Den de government helps me out. It sure is a
+blessing, too&mdash;to have sech a good government! And 'Miss
+Maggie' good to me. She brought me dis wood. Brought it in
+her truck herself. Had a colored man along to handle it for
+her. But I so stiff I sometimes kin hardly move from me waist
+down. And sometimes in de morning when I wake, it is all I kin
+do to get up an' wash me face. But I got to do it. My granddaughter
+bring me my meals.</p>
+
+<p>"I is 87 years old. I know 'cause I wuz so high when de war
+broke out. An' I plowed my January to July de year 'fore peace
+declare. I remember dat. I wuz a good big girl; but jes' a
+child&mdash;not married yet. Yes'm I plowed a mule an' a wild un
+at dat. Sometimes me hands get so cold I jes' cry. But dey<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+all say I 'wuz a nigger what wuz a nigger!'</p>
+
+<p>"In May peace declare. De first president of de country wuz
+Lincoln. He took his seat in March. But I work for de white
+people 'fore dat. On a Friday mornin' our Massa, Mr. Richard
+Davant come an' told us peace declare. He come an' told us hisself.
+I wuz in de cornhouse a-shuckin' corn to go to de mill
+on Saturday. After freedom all de niggers left 'cept my Mamma.
+My father brought us back here to Col. Alex Lawton's place at
+Robertville. He used to belong to Col. Lawton. Many years
+atter dat Col. Lawton moved to Savannah; but when he died dey
+brought him back here an' buried him at Robertville.</p>
+
+<p>"My young Missus was de daughter of Mr. Sam Maner, my old
+Massa; so when she marry Mr. Davant I went wid her. Dey had
+bought a place in Screven, Georgia. Seven year 'fore peace declare
+we went to Georgia. On a Monday mornin' a colored man
+come along an' tell Miss Anna de Yankees had took Waynesboro.
+We all went to see it. De fire had left de place clean. Could
+pick up a pin behind it. Other than dat I see nothin'. I
+never see no house burn down. I never hear no gun fire. I jes'
+see de uniform, an' see 'em kill de hog an' sling 'em 'cross de
+saddle. Den when we come back to Robertville, we see de destruction
+left behind.</p>
+
+<p>"After I git of size I mind de birds off de corn an' rice an'
+sech like. Den I'd take care of de turkeys. An' we'd sweep de
+yards. Carry de leaves off to de stable in a wheelbarrow.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Both my missus wuz good to me. De last missus I own treat
+me jes' de same as her own child. I stayed right dere in de
+house wid her, an' if I wuz sick or anything she'd take care
+of me same as her own chillun. I nurse one of her chillun.
+An' dat child would rather be wid me than wid her own mother!"</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">Source: Elisa Scantling, Scotia, S.C. age 87 years.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No. 390166</b><br />
+<b>Project No. 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Mrs. Lucile Young &amp; H. Grady Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Florence, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, May 25, 1937</b><br />
+<b>Typed by M.C., N.Y.A.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No Words_______________</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from ____ Words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in29" id="in29"></a>Mary Scott<br />
+<br />
+Gourdin, S.C.<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, About 90 years old</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Where and when were you born?"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"On Gaston Gamble place, between here and Greeleville. In da Gamble's
+Bible is my age. Don't know my age. Pretty much know how old, I bout
+90. I wuz little girl when freedom come."</p>
+
+<p>"Give the names of your father and mother."</p>
+
+<p>"Father, John Davis. Mother, Tina Davis. Belonged to last mausa. Darby
+Fulton. Gamble sold mama and three children to Fulton. Belonged to Davis
+after freedom. Father belonged to Davis. Take first mausa's name. Sold
+to Arnold Mouzon. Didn't take Mouzon name."</p>
+
+<p>"Where did your father and mother come from?"</p>
+
+<p>"Right where Grandma go, Gamble place."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you have any brothers and sisters?"</p>
+
+<p>"James and Benjamin. All ded."</p>
+
+<p>"Describe the beds and where you slept."</p>
+
+<p>"Had plenty slaves. I don't know exactly how many. In dem times you know,
+we had to get ticket to go to see dere family."</p>
+
+<p>"What kind of house did you have to live in?"</p>
+
+<p>"Better dan dis. Better dan dis. Good house. Sleep on wooden bed. Straw
+and feather mattress."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you remember anything about your grandparents or any stories told
+you about them?"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I ain't know my grandmother, grandfather either."</p>
+
+<p>"What work did you do in slavery times."</p>
+
+<p>"Didn't do no kind of work. Mother milked, tended to de butter."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever earn any money?"</p>
+
+<p>"No money."</p>
+
+<p>"What did you eat and how was it cooked?"</p>
+
+<p>"Boil meat and put peas or greens, rice cooked dry, take up in plate and eat.
+One girl get done and wash dishes and put dem up."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever eat any possums?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, my brother catch possum and raccoon."</p>
+
+<p>"Fish?"</p>
+
+<p>"Fishing in de branch."</p>
+
+<p>"Did the slaves have their own gardens?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir, plant big garden, no use plant, go to dere garden and get it."</p>
+
+<p>"What clothes did you wear in cold weather?"</p>
+
+<p>"Thick. I could weave it with stripes and put one check one way and nother
+strip nother way."</p>
+
+<p>"Hot weather?"</p>
+
+<p>"In winter warm clothes and shoes. Had Sunday clothes. I had a green worsted
+dress."</p>
+
+<p>"Did the slaves have a church on your plantation?"</p>
+
+<p>"Go to white people church and sit out of doors and wait till dey come out
+and den we go in and have preaching."</p>
+
+<p>"White or colored preacher?"</p>
+
+<p>"White preacher."</p>
+
+<p>"Was your master a good man?"</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Gamble like to drink liquor but still good people. All who I talking
+about good people."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"What was Mr. Gamble's name?"</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Gamble name Gatron Gamble. Son living in dat big house and grandson living
+down dere."</p>
+
+<p>"How many children did Mr. Davis have?"</p>
+
+<p>"He had some not many. Mr. Gamble had some too."</p>
+
+<p>"What kind of house did Mr. Gamble live in?"</p>
+
+<p>"Medium size house. All had just common house, two-story."</p>
+
+<p>"What about the overseer?"</p>
+
+<p>"Overseer he see dat you work soon. Driver go in de field and stay 'til
+12 o'clock."</p>
+
+<p>"How many acres in the plantation?"</p>
+
+<p>"Don't know how many acres."</p>
+
+<p>"What time did the overseer wake the slaves up?"</p>
+
+<p>"Wake dem up soon. Blow horn."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you have to work hard?"</p>
+
+<p>"Work 'til sundown."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you see any slaves punished?"</p>
+
+<p>"Some punished, but I ain't never see none whip. I heard stick strike de
+ground and tie hands and feet. Paddle on dis side and den paddle on de other
+side 'til sore."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever see any slaves sold or auctioned off?"</p>
+
+<p>"My mother and us sold. Mrs. Gamble died left my mama for a daily gift.
+She wouldn't allow dem to whip me. I ain't know when we be sell, I wuz a baby."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you see slaves in chains?"</p>
+
+<p>"No chains."</p>
+
+<p>"Did the slaves have a church on your plantation?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, de Gambles make us to go to Sunday school and learn us the Sunday
+school lessons. I could plow. We went to white church and set down till
+white people go out and de old man dat tend to de church and open up de church
+and say come in, can't stay outside."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Who preached for you all?"</p>
+
+<p>"My uncle, Jefferie Pendergrass, mother's brother. If colored people want
+preacher preach, he go in dere and made de children be quiet and preach a nice
+sermon and have watch night but not in de church."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you know any spirituals?"</p>
+
+<p>"I forgets dem things. I use to be good singer but I ain't got no teeth.
+I ain't been looking fer dis. If you hadn't come, I'd been gone."</p>
+
+<p>"Where would you have gone?"</p>
+
+<p>"Just to walk about. All gone to de field and de children so bad."</p>
+
+<p>"Tell about baptizing."</p>
+
+<p>"Baptized by de white people."</p>
+
+<p>"Did the slaves run away to the North?"</p>
+
+<p>"I ain't know 'bout dat."</p>
+
+<p>"What about patrollers?"</p>
+
+<p>"No patarollers. Have to get ticket, whip dem if dey didn't get it. Colored
+people do more than white people allow. Caused dem to whip dem. My sister,
+my sister-in-law and girl went and tell dem dey gwine have play in white kitchen.
+Mr. Sam Fulton boss wouldn't go to war. My sister, sister-in-law run up in de
+loft and tell dem come down and dey come down and jump off de window and land
+in de mud hole wid dere best dress on. Mr. Fulton let dem have it in de quarters."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you hear of any trouble between the master and the slaves?"</p>
+
+<p>"My grandmother went off and wouldn't come back. She write that she get
+everyday what she could get fer Sunday."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you work on Saturday evenings?"</p>
+
+<p>"Some of de white people made dem work on Saturday evening. I had a uncle
+when white people come by going to church he hoeing his rice. Dey didn't
+want him work on Sunday. Miss Elizabeth Gamble tell dem he gwine to chop his
+rice on Sunday."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"What did you do on Sunday?"</p>
+
+<p>"Go to church."</p>
+
+<p>"Christmas day?"</p>
+
+<p>"I don't remember what dey give on Christmas day. My family got clothes."</p>
+
+<p>"What did you do at a wedding or funeral among the slaves?"</p>
+
+<p>"Just say got a wife, ain't married. If anybody ded everything stop."</p>
+
+<p>"What games did you play as a child?"</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know what all I played."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you know any funny stories?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir, I used to tell my grands things."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever see any ghosts?"</p>
+
+<p>"I ain't believe in it, but I see dem. Jest pass by and dey want bother you.
+Don't know where dey come from. Dey look like people."</p>
+
+<p>"You don't believe in them?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir, but I know one thing, dey say fox gwine mad. Say cat gwine mad
+but dat ain't so. I ain't scared of nothing."</p>
+
+<p>"You are not scared at night?"</p>
+
+<p>"When de moon shining. Moon ain't shine might fall and cripple. When we
+holler voice way back dere."</p>
+
+<p>"When the slaves became sick, who tended to them?"</p>
+
+<p>"White people tended to dem. Use medicine."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you make medicine out of herbs?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir, don't make it."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever see anybody wear a ten-cent piece around the ankle?"</p>
+
+<p>"I see dem wear it, but I ain't know what fer."</p>
+
+<p>"What do you remember about the war that brought you freedom?"</p>
+
+<p>"I know just as good when peace declared. Gun rolled in dat direction.
+Must be guns. Cook say roll thunder roll and I say de sun shine it ain't
+gwine rain. I wuz too little to know but my sister say every man and every
+woman got to work for demselves."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"What did your master say?"</p>
+
+<p>"I ain't know what master say, he single man and didn't talk much."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you stay with him the year after freedom?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, he didn't treat my mother right."</p>
+
+<p>"Any schools for Negroes?"</p>
+
+<p>"Pretty good time before schools."</p>
+
+<p>"Did the slaves buy any land?"</p>
+
+<p>"No land bought."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you remember your wedding?"</p>
+
+<p>"I member jest as good 'bout my wedding. I married on Thursday night. Some
+white people from Kingstree and different ones come and pile it up and when I
+get all dem presents some one stick fire and burn it all down."</p>
+
+<p>"Whom did you marry?"</p>
+
+<p>"John Scott."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you have any children?"</p>
+
+<p>"One gone in de field and dis one."</p>
+
+<p>"What are they doing?"</p>
+
+<p>"Working on farms. Jane got killed in de wreck."</p>
+
+<p>"Who is Jane?"</p>
+
+<p>"My daughter. She wuz coming to see me. Train wreck and kill her coming from
+Norfolk."</p>
+
+<p>"How long ago was that?"</p>
+
+<p>"'Bout two years ago."</p>
+
+<p>"What do you think of Abraham Lincoln?"</p>
+
+<p>"I see picture of dem. Picture in dere of Lincoln."</p>
+
+<p>"Now that slavery time is ended, what do you think of it?"</p>
+
+<p>"I believe colored people do better in de slavery than now."</p>
+
+<p>"Do you belong to the church?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, Promise Land Baptist church."</p>
+
+<p>"Why do you think people ought to go to church?"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"To have some protection and when you go in a church dat is a place
+for you to be taken care of. Dey ain't got no religion."</p>
+
+<p>"Was the overseer 'poor white trash?'"</p>
+
+<p>"I could hear de people talk 'bout him. Some like him and some don't. If
+I got a wife over yonder, I got to get ticket before I could go to see her.
+Had to work hard too."</p>
+
+<p>"Let us see the picture of Lincoln."</p>
+
+<p>"Dis is it." (Granddaughter shows us Aunt Mary's picture)</p>
+
+<p>"Is that the one?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yea, I think so."</p>
+
+<p>"Let me see, dat ain't de one. Here is." (Aunt Mary showed us a picture
+which looked to be taken from some New York newspaper. It was probably a screen
+star).</p>
+
+<p>"Who told you that was Lincoln?"</p>
+
+<p>"Some preacher or somebody come here and tell me."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg&mdash;Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 18, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in30" id="in30"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Aunt" Nina Scot sat on her front porch. She was drinking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+some liquid from a bottle which she said would help her trouble.
+Being short of breath, she was not able to talk very much. She
+said that she was very small at the time she was set free. "My
+Marster and his folks did not treat me like a nigger," she said,
+"they treated me like they did other white folks." She said that
+she and her mother had belonged to Dr. Shipp, who taught at Wofford
+College, that they had come here from Chapel Hill, N.C. and that
+she was a tarheel negro. She said that white people in slavery days
+had two nurses, one for the small children and one for the older
+ones. "Yes sir, those were certainly fine people that lived on the
+Campus during those days. (Wofford Col. Campus) When the 'raid'
+came on, people were hiding things all about their places." She referred
+to the Yankee soldiers who came to Spartanburg after the
+close of the Civil War. "My mother hid the turkeys and told me
+where she had hidden them." Dr. Shipp came up to Nina one day and
+asked her where the turkeys were hidden. She told him they were
+hidden behind a clump of small trees, and pointed them out to him.
+"Well," he said, "tell your mother to go and hide them somewhere
+else and not to tell you about it. You would tell the Yankees just
+where those turkeys were hidden." Aunt Nina recalls that Mr. and
+Mrs. Dr. Duncan (formerly of Wofford College) had a habit of getting
+a slice of bread and butter for all the neighboring children
+(black or white) whenever their nurses brought them to their home.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: "Aunt" Nina Scott, 260 N. Converse St., Spartanburg, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg Office, Dist. 4</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">(May 17, 1937)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 25, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in31" id="in31"></a>STORIES OF EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born in Newberry County, near the Laurens County line,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>
+above Chappells Depot. My father and mother were Tom and Francis
+Scurry and belonged as slaves to the Drury Scurry family. Dr. Drury
+Scurry bought them from Col. Cooper of Laurens County. He was a fine
+man and mighty good to his slaves. I worked around the house as a
+boy, and in the fields when I got old enough. Some of the nigger
+boys hunted 'possums, rabbits and squirrels. Dr. Scurry had 100
+acres in woods. They were just full of squirrels and we killed more
+squirrels than you can count.</p>
+
+<p>"The slaves didn't have a garden, but after the war, we stayed
+on wid Marse Scurry. When freedom come, he come to us in the yard
+where we had congregated and told us we was free and could go anywhere
+we wanted, but if any wanted to stay on wid him, he would pay
+wages. All of us stayed on wid him. He give us a one-acre patch of
+ground to raise anything we wanted to raise. He had white overseers
+during slavery, but none ever whipped us 'cause the master wouldn't
+let them. He had a plantation of about 300 acres and 40 or 50 slaves.
+They got up at sun-up and worked 'till sun-down each day, but had
+Saturday afternoons off when dey could do anything dey wanted to.</p>
+
+<p>"There wasn't much time for learning to read and write. The
+white folks sometimes had niggers to go to their church and set in
+the back of gallery. In our neighborhood, niggers had their own
+church dat they made of poles and brush, and called it, 'Brush Harbor'.
+They made seats from small logs sawed off of rough plank.</p>
+
+<p>"On Christmas day, the master would have a big dinner for his
+slaves and spread it out in the yard. Corn shuckings were popular
+and so were cotton pickings, where big eats were prepared for those<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>
+who helped. They had big feasts at marriages, and even the slaves
+had feasts at their marriages, the master and his family taking
+part in the ceremonies. I was married in 1887, and at that time I
+was living with Mr. Renwick, and my girl with Dr. Tom Brown. Dr.
+Brown had us to marry in his yard in the grove, and over 200 persons
+was there to see it. The next day, he give us a big 'infair' with
+all kinds of good things to eat, presents and dances. We never had
+any children. After we moved to town, my wife was a nurse or midwife
+among some of the white families for a long time.</p>
+
+<p>"In Ku Klux times, I met five or ten of them in the road one
+night. They never bothered me. They had long white sheets over them
+and the horses. Slits were cut for the head, eyes, nose and mouth.</p>
+
+<p>"The niggers had an old field song: 'Give me dat good ole time
+religion' which they sang most of the time. There was another song
+they sang: 'Dark midnight is my cry&mdash;Give me Jesus, You may have
+all this world, but give me Jesus.'</p>
+
+<p>"Some old-time cures for the sick was&mdash;barks of cherry tree,
+dogwood, and olive bush, made into tea and drunk.</p>
+
+<p>"I thought Abe Lincoln was a fine man, done mighty good and
+saved the country. Jeff Davis was a good man. Booker Washington
+was a great man. I think slavery was bad; yet our white folks was
+good to us, but some white masters was mean. I think everybody
+should belong to the church and be a Christian."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Morgan Scurry (78), Newberry, S.C.; interviewed by:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">G.L. Summer. Newberry, S.C. May 19, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>S-260-264-N</b><br />
+<b>Project #935</b><br />
+<b>Hattie Mobley</b><br />
+<b>Richland County</b><br />
+<b>South Carolina</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in32" id="in32"></a>Uncle Ransom Simmons<br /><br />
+Richland County, South Carolina.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Uncle Ransom is one of the few remaining slaves who still lives<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+and whose mind is still clear and active. He has just passed his one-hundred
+and fourth birthday, was born in Mississippi, and brought to
+South Carolina by his master Wade Hampton, the father of the illustrious
+General Wade Hampton, before the Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>When the war broke out and General Wade Hampton went to war Uncle
+Ransom cried to be allowed to follow his young master. He went and
+served as a body guard. Uncle Ransom learned to read the Bible while
+attending a night school held for slaves before freedom, and it was
+only in recent years that he was taught to write his name.</p>
+
+<p>This old man lives alone in a shack at Taylor, a little village
+on the outskirts of Columbia. He is furnished with all the milk and
+ice cream he can eat by the Columbia Dairy. He purchases a little
+food with the state pension of twenty-five dollars a year paid to Negroes
+who served the Confederacy in some military capacity.</p>
+
+<p>Uncle Ransom says his master was the kindest man in the world,
+and that as far as he is concerned, he has never had a worry in his
+life, and as he said this, his face radiated with a broad and satisfied
+smile.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Reference:<br /><br />
+Personal interview with Ransom Simmons age 104.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>Stiles M. Scruggs</b><br />
+<b>Columbia, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in33" id="in33"></a>ALFRED SLIGH<br />
+<br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 100 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Alfred Sligh, who lives in a rented house at 1317 Gregg Street,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>
+says he was born in Newberry County, South Carolina, in 1837. His
+hair is white and he is feeble. He goes about the city, on fair days,
+collecting small sums of money from his white friends and sometimes
+from his own race. In this way he earns most of his income.</p>
+
+<p>"My folks was slaves of the Sligh family for many years, befo' I
+was born. My mammy and daddy and me b'long to Butler Sligh, at de time
+I begin to do chores and take notice of things. I be nearly half grown
+when my young master, Butler Sligh, am just four years old. He die,
+four or five years ago. I guess you 'member, 'cause he was a powerful
+well-known white man. He was seventy-five years old when he die.</p>
+
+<p>"De young master, he name for my old master. De old master and
+'most all de white men of de neighborhood, 'round 'bout us, march off
+to de war in 1861. One day I see them ridin' down de big road on many
+hosses and they wavin' deir hats and singin': 'We gwine to hang Abe
+Lincoln on a sour apple tree!' and they in fine spirits. My young master,
+Butler, who they call Junior at de time, he am too young to go with
+them so we stay home and farm. I go with him to de fields and he tell
+de slaves what to do. Durin' de war I see much of de soldiers who say
+they not quit fightin' 'til all de damn-Yankees am dead. Dis was so,
+durin' de first two years. After dat I see more and more of de damn-Yankees,
+as they pass through 'flictin' punishment on 'most everybody.</p>
+
+<p>"Sho' we hear dat all Negroes am free in 1863, but dat rumor not
+affect us. We work on, 'til Sherman come and burn and slash his way
+through de state in de spring of 1865. I just reckon I 'member dat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>
+freedom to de end of my life.</p>
+
+<p>"We gang up at my grandmother's cabin and she tell us it am so.
+We look scared, lak mules in de midst of a hornet nest, as we stood
+dere. We didn't wait long, for old Mistress Sligh she come 'long and
+say: 'Sho' it am so, you am free.' Many of de slaves, 'cludin' me,
+tell her we love to stay on and work as usual 'til de big white folks
+come. She smile and say: 'All right, maybe we be able to feed and
+clothe you, and when your old master git back from Virginia, maybe he
+will hire you!'</p>
+
+<p>"When I first marry, which was at de start of de war, I marry
+Sarah, a slave gal on de Sligh plantation. We has several chillun,
+befo' she die, which was soon after we move to Columbia. De chillun,
+at least two boys and two gals, all git grown, but they go North a long
+time ago, and I never hears from them.</p>
+
+<p>"When I come to Columbia in 1866, I find work on houses, and building
+was plentiful then. I git 'long pretty well, then, 'cause if I did
+not land a job, I could go to de Freedman's Aid Office at Assembly and
+Gervais streets and git rations and a little cash for my family. After
+de Freedman's Aid left town I had no trouble findin' work. And soon I
+was pretty prosperous. I kept that way, so long as I was able to do my
+share of de work.</p>
+
+<p>"It was in 1913, as I was walkin' 'long Hampton Street, dat I see
+my present wife, Sadie. She pass by me, and smile and look and I smile
+and look, and she slow up a little and say: 'What's happen, big boy?'
+I am so tickled, I say: 'I just have to tell you:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'De rose am red,<br />
+De violet's blue,<br />
+No knife can cut<br />
+My love in two.'
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"She say; 'Pretty good, big boy, pretty good! Come 'round and
+see me sometime.' I answer: 'I sho' will, Peaches and Cream'. And
+dat am just what I did. We got married dat same year, and we have been
+happy, 'til I git too old and feeble to work much. She work now to de
+best of her ability and we somtimes has a big squeeze to pay de rent.
+Dat is why I'm hopin' to get de old age pension, made possible by de
+greatest President of them all.</p>
+
+<p>"Does I recall de 'sassination of de first President dat died
+dat way? Yes sir, I sho' do. De first one was Abraham Lincoln, a little
+after de close of de war. He was shot while sittin' in a seat in de
+theater at Washington. James A. Garfield, was de nex' one. He was shot
+in de depot, at Washington. De nex' one was McKinley. He was shot while
+at a show place, in Buffalo."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon,</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in34" id="in34"></a>DAN SMITH<br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 75 YEARS.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Dan Smith lives in one room, rent free, of a three-room frame house,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+the property of his son-in-law, Jim Cason. It is situated on the southeast
+corner of Garden and Palmer streets in the town of Winnsboro, S.C. He is
+tall, thin and toothless, with watery eyes and a pained expression of
+weariness on his face. He is slow and deliberate in movements. He still
+works, and has just finished a day's work mixing mortar in the construction
+of a brick store building for Mr. Lauderdale. His boss says: 'The
+spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.' There is nothing organically
+wrong with Dan but he appears, in human anatomy, as Doctor Holmes's One
+Horse Shay must have looked the day before its final collapse.</p>
+
+<p>"You been here once befo' and now here you is again. You say you
+wanna git additions? Well, I's told you dat I was born in Richland
+County, a slave of Marse John Lever and on his plantation, January de
+11th day, 1862, when de war was gwine on. How I know? 'Cause my mammy and
+pappy told me so. They call my pappy Bob and my mammy Mary. Strange as it
+seem, my mistress name Mary, just de same as my mammy, tho' marster wasn't
+name Bob, lak pappy. Him name Marster John and de young marster, an only
+child, was name Marse Jim. You better stop right dere 'til I tell you pappy
+no b'long to de Levers. Him b'long to de Smiths. Him name Bob Smith, after
+freedom. Dat's how come I be dis day, Dan Smith. You ketch de p'int? Well
+dats de way it was.</p>
+
+<p>"Befo' pappy take a shine to mammy in slavery time, her got mixed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>
+up wid one of old Marse Burrell Cook's niggers and had a boy baby. He
+was as black as long-leaf pine tar. Her name him George Washington Cook
+but all him git called by, was Wash Cook. My full brudders was Jim, Wesley,
+and Joe. All of them dead and gone long ago.</p>
+
+<p>"Us chillun slept on de floor. Mammy had some kind of 'traption or
+other, 'ginst de wall of de log house us live in, for her and de baby
+child to git in at night. Us have plenty to eat, sich as: peas, 'tatoes,
+corn bread, 'lasses, buttermilk, turnips, collards and fat meat.</p>
+
+<p>"De only thing I 'member 'bout my mistress is: One day her come down
+to de house and see my brudder Joe sucking his thumb. Mammy tell her, her
+can't make him quit it. Mistress go back to de big house and come runnin'
+back with quinine. Her rub Joe's thumbs wid dat quinine and tell mammy to
+do dat once or twice a day. You ought to see dat baby's face de first time
+and heard him squall! It sho' stopped him sucking his thumbs!</p>
+
+<p>"Clothes? Didn't need no clothes in de summer time but a shirt. In
+de winter, us just stood 'bout de fire. I'm talkin' 'bout us chillun, don't
+'member 'bout old folks.</p>
+
+<p>"Master and Mistress lived in a big white house, two stories high,
+tall brick chimneys at de gable ends, and wide front and back piazzas de
+full length of de dwelling. Us chillun had no shoes. Mammy had two pair
+all de time but they had wooden bottoms. Dere was no white overseers 'round,
+but patarollers (patrollers) ketched my pappy once, in de house, jerk him
+out and whup him, while mammy and us chillun yell and cry and beg them to
+stop.</p>
+
+<p>"When de Yankees come, mammy hide us chillun under her bed 'traption.
+They act mighty nice to her, so she say.</p>
+
+<p>"What kinda work mammy do? Her was one of de weavers. Heard her<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>
+tell 'bout how they make de thread and de cloth. They had spinnin' wheels.
+Person turn de wheel wid de hand and walk back'ards and for'ards, drawing
+out de thread. Dis kind of thread, her say, was rough. Later they got a
+thing de spinners operate wid deir foots, settin' by de wheel and workin'
+it wid deir foots, sorta lak a sewing machine is run. Her 'low de thread
+dat come to her in de weave-room from dis kind of spinnin' was smoother
+and more finer than de other kind. After de yarn was spin, it was reeled
+off de spools into hanks and then took to de warper. Then she woofed it,
+warped it, and loomed it into cloth. Her make four yards in a day.</p>
+
+<p>"After freedom, pappy come and take mammy and all us chillun to a
+farm on Cedar Creek, in dis county, Fairfield. I works dere 'til 1872,
+I thinks. I gits concerned 'bout dis time wid two things, jinin' wid de
+Lord, and jinin' wid de woman. De fust was easy. All I had to do was go
+to de Methodis' revival, shout a little, and jine up befo' de preacher.
+I just had to be convicted and convinced, but mind you, I was de one to
+be convinced, de other was not so easy. De Lord was easy to find and quick
+to take me, but de gal was hard to find and was slow to take me, 'cause
+she was de one to be convinced dis time, you see.</p>
+
+<p>"I looks all 'round Cedar Creek. De ones I could git, I wouldn't
+have, and de ones I would have I couldn't git. So dere it was. I mounts
+old Betsy, dat was pappy's mule, one Sunday and come to Winnsboro. I spied
+a gal at church, 'bout de color of a ripe pumpkin after de big frosts done
+fall on it, hair black as a crow and meshed up and crinkled as a cucker
+burr. Just lookin' at her made my mouth water. Me and old Betsy raise de
+dust and keep de road hot from Cedar Creek to Winnsboro dat summer and
+fall, and when us sell de last bale of cotton, I buys me a suit of clothes,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>
+a new hat, a pair of boots, a new shirt, bottle Hoyt's cologne and rigs
+myself out and goes 'round and ask her to marry me. Her name Ida Benjamin.
+Did her fall for me right away? Did her take me on fust profession
+and confession lak de Lord did? No sir-ree bob! Her say: 'I got to go to
+school some more, I's too young. Got to see papa and mama 'bout it. Wait
+'til you come nex' time and I'll tell you.' I was confused then, I gits
+up, gives her de cologne bottle, and mounts old Betsy, spurs her in de
+side, gallops, and cusses all de way back to Cedar Creek. I confess to
+mammy. Her laugh and say: 'Dan, you knows nothin' 'bout women and gals.
+Why it's mighty plain she gonna say yes, nex' time.' Just lak her say,
+Ida did, and us got married de end of de nex' school term, in May.</p>
+
+<p>"Us had ten chillun. Dan, name for me, is at Concord, N.C. Oscar
+is in Concord, N.C. Lucinda marry a Haltiwanger and is comfortable in
+Baltimore, Md. Aurelia marry a Williams and is in Baltimore. Henrietta
+marry a Sawney and is in Charlotte, N.C. Lilly marry Jim Cason and live
+right in Winnsboro, in de house I have a room in.</p>
+
+<p>"I got lots of gran'childs, too many to mention, They take after
+dere grandma, lak to go to school and read de Bible and go to church and
+Sunday School.</p>
+
+<p>"Whut I have on my mind now is a pension. When a man git seventy-five
+years old, (I hear folks talk 'round me) dat man should not be 'lowed
+to work on de Supreme Court, him should be give a pension of $15,000.00
+and made to stop work. Him may have chillun dat can support him, all de
+same, dat jedge gits his pension. Then in de name of goodness, why don't
+they make me quit mixing mortar when I is seventy-five years old and give
+me $240.00 a year? Sauce for de fat goose Supreme Court Jedge, oughta be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+sauce for de mortar mixer poor gander, I 'low. It look lak jestice for de
+rich jedge and mix more mortar for poor Dan."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, July 22, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words</b>________<br />
+<b>Reduced from______words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+_______________________</div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in35" id="in35"></a>HECTOR SMITH<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 79 Years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I born down here in Wahee Neck. Easter Avant, dat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>
+was my mammy en my father name Hector Smith. Coase I
+ain' never see him cause he die fore I was born, but dat
+what dey tell me. Dat was a pretty rough time wid de
+people den. I don' recollect so much bout de times back
+dere cause in dat day en time chillun didn' have de heap
+of knowledge dey have dis day en time, but I remembers
+seein de Yankees en de people gwine to de war. Oh, dat
+was a tough time cause dey use de whip in dem days. Oh,
+yes'um, my Massa whip my gran'mammy wid a leather strap.
+You see she had a knack of gwine off for some cause or
+another en meetin de boat what run up en down dat big Pee
+Dee river en bring fertilizer en all kind of goods to de
+peoples. Massa Randall had told her not to go nowhe' bout
+dat boat, but some people is sorta high strung like en dey
+go off anyhow no matter bout de whip. Oh, yes'um, he sho
+whip her like he didn' have no soul to save."</p>
+
+<p>"I couldn' tell you nothin bout how many slaves Massa
+Randall Davis had, but I know dat he had a right smart of
+them. I know it cause he had so many field hands dey didn'
+none of em never have to work every day in de field. Oh,
+dey just knock bout our Massa house en see after de stock<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+en such things as dat what time dey didn' have to work in
+de field."</p>
+
+<p>"You knows when a thing happen so long back dere, it
+does vanish from a person's remembrance some of de time
+en den it'll wander back to you when you ain' thinkin bout
+it. I does recollect dat dere wasn' nothin much more for
+de colored peoples in dat day en time den what dey got to
+eat en de clothes dey had to wear. My Massa give everyone
+of he colored family a peck of meal en a quart of syrup en
+so much of meat every week en 'low em all to have a garden
+of dey own. Oh, dey work dey garden by de moonshine en
+fore light good in de mornin cause dey had to turn dey hand
+to dey Massa work when daylight come here. I tellin you
+corn bread was sweet to me in dat day en time as pound cake
+ever been. Wasn' never noways pickin' en choosin bout nothin.
+Oh, I forget bout all dem possums en rabbits dat eat right
+smart in dem days. Use to catch em when dey had swells of
+de water en dey come out de woods to hunt dry land. It just
+like dis, dey couldn' conceal demselves in de open fields
+en dat how-come we catch em so easy. Run em down wid de
+dogs en make em take to de water. Dat how we catch em. Dat
+sho was sweet eatin in dem days."</p>
+
+<p>"Den we had a log house to stay in what never had but
+just one room en de furniture we had was worser den de house.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>
+Us beds was made wid four stumps for de corners dat had
+boards lay cross em to put de mattress on. Some of de
+colored peoples had bag mattress stuff wid hay en de
+others had homespun mattress what was stuff wid dis here
+gray moss you see in de woods. En I remembers all bout
+when de peoples had to cook in de fireplace cause dere
+wasn' much stoves in circulation in dat day en time."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I don' know so much bout dem things peoples
+call ghost, but I know dat I has seen things. I knows
+once long time back I was gwine long de road late on a
+evenin drivin me ox what I had hitch up to de cart en a
+ghost or somethin or another cause dat cart wheel to go
+right in de ditch. Well, de ox, he pull en he pull, but
+wid all me help, he couldn' never pull dat cart out. I
+ax some of dem people bout dere what dey reckon dat was
+en dey say all dey know to compare it to was a hant or a
+ghost. No 'mam, didn' see it, just hear it cause it come
+right to my back en knocked. It had been rainin en soon
+as it quit, de moon shine out bright as ever was day en
+dat when de hant turn de cart loose."</p>
+
+<p>"De next thing I see was one time when me en another
+fellow was sleepin in de swamp. I couldn' tell whe' de
+moon rise den en when I come to my senses, dere was one
+of dem things just a danglin in de air like dese things<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+show people have. Some people say dat was a ghost."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, de peoples didn' never worry bout no doctor den.
+Dey doctor was in de field in dat day en time. I gwine tell
+you just like I know it, all de older peoples use to get de
+herbs out de old fields for dey remedies. My Massa en my
+Missus was de ones what doctor mostly in dem times. Use to
+get old field ringdom, what smell like dis here mint, en
+boil dat en let it steep. Dat what was good to sweat a fever
+en cold out you. Den dere was life everlastin tea dat was
+good for a bad cold en cherry bark what would make de blood
+so bitter no fever never couldn' stand it. Dem what had de
+rheumatism had to take dat lion's tongue or what some peoples
+calls wintergreen tea en some of de time, dey take pine top
+en mix wid de herbs to make a complete cure. Oh, dey make
+it bad as dey could so as to weaken de case. Another thing
+dat been good for de rheumatism was dat red oak bark dat dey
+use to bathe de limbs wid. Willow tea was somethin good for
+chill en fever en catnip en sage tea was de thing for babies."</p>
+
+<p>"It like I tell you de colored peoples never get no learnin
+but what little dey catch from de plantation men in dem night
+schools. Oh, dey give everyone of us a slate en slate pencil
+en we study dere in de quarter in de night time by de light
+of de fire. Studied dem Blue Back Websters. Dat was de text
+we know bout den."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I tell you de truth I live so much in darkness den
+dat I think dat time was bout good as dis time. Didn'
+know no better sense den. I tell you just like I been know
+it, de peoples was coward like in dem days. Couldn' never
+pluck up no ambition to do a heap of things de people do
+dis day en time. Dat how-come I rather live in dis go round."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Hector Smith, ex-slave, age 79, Wahee section of<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Marion Co., S.C.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, July 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No. 390144</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, July 14, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words________</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from_____words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+______________________</div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in36" id="in36"></a>HECTOR SMITH<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 79 years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I studied en studied what songs would suit, but dem<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+old familiar hymns bout all I know dese days. You see dem
+old familiar hymns what de spirit sings. It just like I
+tell you, I put all dem other kind of songs away when I is
+change to a better way of livin. I does remember first one
+en den de other of dem frolicksome song dat my grandparents
+learnt me."</p>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="center">NOBODY BUSINESS BUT MINE</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rabbit in de hollow,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I ain' got no dog,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">How can I catch em?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I do know! I do know!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">O Me! O Mine!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sorry dat if I leave my home,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I gwine to my shack</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wid de chicken on my back,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nobody business but mine.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rabbit in de hollow,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ain' got no dog,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">How can he catch em?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I do know! I do know!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">O Me! O Mine!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Let every nigger have his way,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Gwine to his shack</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wid he chicken on his back,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nobody business but his.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 3em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Hector Smith, ex-slave, 79 years.,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Wahee section of Marion Co., S.C.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, July 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, July 14, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words______7____</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from_____words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+________________________</div>
+
+<h3 class="chapter2"><span class="under">WAY DOWN IN DE LONESOME VALLEY</span></h3>
+<div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   De mockin birds a singin so sweetly,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">So sweetly, so sweetly.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">De mockin birds a singin so sweetly,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">So sweetly, so sweetly.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Way down in de lonesome valley.</span><br />
+<br />
+II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Dey tell you one thing en dey mean another,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Mean another, mean another.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Dey tell you one thing en dey mean another,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Mean another, mean another.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Way down in de lonesome valley.</span><br />
+<br />
+III.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Some say, what make de young girls so deceivin?<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">So deceivin, so deceivin?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Some say, what make de young girls so deceivin?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">So deceivin, so deceivin?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Way down in de lonesome valley.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Dat go way back dere. De peoples didn' have
+nothin more den a mouth organ to make music wid
+in dem times."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Hector Smith, age 79, ex-slave., Wahee section
+of Marion Co., S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, July 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, July 14, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words____8______</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from_____words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+________________________</div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><span class="under">HOLD DE DEAL</span></h3>
+<div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Kitty, Kitty died O&mdash;O,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Kitty had a man.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Rather kiss a monkey,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Den to kiss a nigger man.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Hold de deal! Hold de deal!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">I'm gwine to get drunk again.</span><br />
+<br />
+II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Nigger on de horseback,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Thought he was de king.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Come along alligator,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">En let de nigger in.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Hold de deal! Hold de deal!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">I'm gwine to get drunk again.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Hector Smith, age 79, ex-slave, Wahee section
+of Marion Co., S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, July 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, July 14, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words____9______</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from_____words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+ ________________________</div>
+
+<h3 class="chapter2">Hector Smith<br />
+ex-Slave, 79 years.</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I use to holler a heap in late years but after I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>
+lay it down, all dat leave me."</p>
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+<br />
+Bulldogs a barkin,<br />
+Howl! Howl!<br />
+Bulldogs a barkin,<br />
+Howl! Howl!<br />
+Bulldogs a barkin,<br />
+Howl! Howl!<br />
+Ah&mdash;oodle&mdash;oodle&mdash;ou,<br />
+Ah&mdash;oodle&mdash;oodle&mdash;ou,<br />
+Ah&mdash;ou&mdash;ah&mdash;ou,<br />
+Ah&mdash;oodle&mdash;ou,<br />
+Ah&mdash;ou&mdash;ah&mdash;ou,<br />
+Ah&mdash;oodle&mdash;oodle&mdash;ou.
+</div></div>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Hector Smith, 79 years, ex-slave, Wahee section
+of Marion Co., S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, July 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Folk Lore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>District No. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 28, 1937.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>R.V. Williams</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in37" id="in37"></a>STORIES OF EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Aunt" Jane Smith, 80 years old, says that she was only<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+eight years old when the war ended, and that her recollections
+are very meagre as to conditions during slavery.</p>
+
+<p>Her mother belonged to John Snoddy, who owned a farm a
+few miles west of Spartanburg. Her father was owned by Dr. Miller
+of a nearby plantation. She stated that she was old enought to
+rock the cradle for the white babies during slavery.</p>
+
+<p>She stated that she could remember seeing some of the
+slaves being whipped on their bare backs with a plaited hickory
+stick, or thong. She never received any whippings. She said
+that a man once cut at her with his thong, but that she escaped
+the blow by dodging.</p>
+
+<p>She said she remembered seeing a small child with a piece
+of bread in its hand when a hog entered the house and in snatching
+at the bread, caught the child's hand near the thumb with its
+tusks. When running off, the hog carried the child with it,
+dragging it along into the field. All the other children and
+some men ran after the hog and caught it. The other colored
+children were whipped, but by staying in the house and watching
+the babies, keeping them safe from other pigs which had also
+entered the house, she was not whipped.</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Jane said that when the Yankee soldiers came to the
+house, they were just as thick as the "fingers on her hands."
+She held up her hands for inspection to illustrate how thick<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+the soldiers stood in the ranks. She said they did not take
+anything, but that they crawled under the house to get the
+hen eggs. One soldier, she said, came to the house and asked
+if there were any horses on the farm. A colored woman told him
+that there were no horses on the place, but just at that time,
+one of the horses in a nearby stable neighed, and the soldier
+threatened the woman's life for lying to him. She says she
+doesn't remember whether the soldier took the horses but thinks
+that he did.</p>
+
+<p>The soldiers told the colored people that they free, but
+she said that didn't signify much to her mind. Some time afterwards,
+she said her father came and carried her and her mother to his
+master's place. Later, she came to Spartanburg and got a job as
+a cook and washerwoman.</p>
+
+<p>When asked if she knew anything about conjuring, she
+stated that she had heard of it but didn't know anything about
+it. When asked if she had ever seen a ghost, she said, "No,
+but I heard one once." She said that one night after her master
+had killed "hisself" in the barn with a pistol, she heard the doors
+being shut, the windows being slammed, and the chairs rocking on
+the front porch all by themselves. She declared that the wind was
+not blowing and that a "ghost was doing all dem things."</p>
+
+<p>She stated that she had been married twice; had reared a
+houseful of children; had adopted some and reared them, but that
+she didn't have anybody to work for her now but "him," referring
+to her husband who was sitting on a trunk.</p>
+
+<p>"Thank the Lord for coming to see me," she said, as the
+writer left.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Jane Smith, Concord St., Spartanburg, S.C. Interviewer: F.S. DuPre</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Nov. 9, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in38" id="in38"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I liked to went crazy when my brother, Bob, went to Arkansas.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>
+Den Marse George Young wrote our names in a book and give it to
+my ma. It was jes' a small mem'randum book. We kept it till Miss Addie,
+dat is Mrs. Billy, give ma de Bible storybook, and den she copied our
+names in dat one. De little book was about wore out den; so it was
+burned up when Miss Addie had done finished writing our names in de
+storybook. Us gwine to keep dat book and hand it down atter we done
+left dis earth. Ma been dead now over fifty years.</p>
+
+<p>"I sho nu'sed Marse George's chilluns fer him, when I was a
+little gal. Jimmie, Willie, Conquest, Jack, Katie and Annie was Marse's
+chilluns. Conquest dead now. Marse George had a great big house. He
+was a jes'tice of de peace or something or 'nother den. I don't know
+what year my ma died, but Marse had her buried at New Chapel. Dat
+same year we raised a big crop of corn, cotton and peanuts, and had
+plenty hogs. Marse let us have all we wanted. He let us hang our
+meat in his smokehouse dat year.</p>
+
+<p>"Befo' ma died and I was a little gal, a terrible thing
+happened to us. Across de Enoree on another place, de Miller place,
+Fannie Miller run away. Dey couldn't find her fer a long time. Dey
+told my marster to git her. One Sunday my ma got ready to dress me
+fer Sunday school. She bathed me and when she looked in de drawer she
+couldn't find my clothes. All of her clothes was gone, too. I cried
+'cause I couldn't go to Sunday school. Maude, de woman what lived
+next to us, went to church. She saw Fannie dar wid all ma's clothes
+on. She told Marse about it and he sont out and had Fannie caught.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+She had come to our house and got de clothes on Saturday evening.
+She had dem hid in a old house on our place. Dey put her in jail,
+and den her marster come and whupped her and sont de clothes back
+to ma. She never tried to run off agin.</p>
+
+<p>"Jack Gist, a slave of Gov. Gist, run away once and lived
+in a cave fer five months befo' de white folks found him. He went
+down on 'de forest' and dug a cave near de road in sight of de Harris
+Bridge which still spans de Fairforest Creek at dat p'int. De cave
+wasn't dug on Governor Gist's land, but on a place know'd den as de
+old Jackson place. In de mid hours of night Jack come to see his
+friends and dey give him things to eat. When dey got him he had a
+hog, two geese, some chickens and two middles of meat. Cose de hog
+and de middles was stole.</p>
+
+<p>"One night he was crossing de Fairforest Creek on a foot-log
+and he met Anderson Gist, one of de Governor's slaves. Dey talked
+fer awhile. Next morning, Anderson come wid his marster to de cave
+whar Jack was. Dey took all his things on to de big house, and he was
+whupped and put back to work. Governor Gist and our marster was good
+to deir slaves and dey didn't punish 'em hard like some of 'em did.
+We had lots more den dan we has had ever since.</p>
+
+<p>"I never went to de field till atter freedom come. Dey
+wasn't hard on us in de fields and I liked to work. We worked mostly
+from sun-up till it was too dark to work. Marster's youngest girl,
+Mary Jane Young, married Mr. Dave Lane. Dey didn't have a wedding.</p>
+
+<p>"My grandpa was a African and he talked real funny. He was
+low, chunky, fat and real black. He went around a lot befo' he died.
+He was de father of my mother, Clora. Granny, his wife, was called
+'Fender' and she died de first year of freedom. She was sold and
+lived on a neighboring plantation. We went to see her every Saturday.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>
+Ma would always take us to see her, and if we didn't git to go, she
+come to see us. We liked to go, and Marse always give us a pass. De
+patrollers watch us like a hawk, but we had our passes and we told
+dem if dey bothered us our marster would handle 'em. He would, too,
+'cause dat was 'de law'. Granny Fender was good looking. She wore
+purty beads, earrings and bracelets, and wrapped her head up in a
+red cloth. Her eyes and teeth flashed and she was always jolly.
+Sometimes we stay all night, but most de time we come back home.
+When she come to see us she always stay all night. All de old folks
+had real religion den, and it kept 'em happy. Folks now are too fancy
+fer religion and it ain't real. I has real religion and nothing don't
+worry me. I feels happy all de time over it.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster give my mother de spot of ground and de lumber
+fer our church which was named New Chapel. De second church is on de
+same spot. De first preaching was had under a oak tree, or arbor.
+Uncle Tony Murphy was de first preacher. He was my favorite of all
+de preachers. Marse read de Bible to us, but sometimes others read
+it to us, too. His son, Bud, dat was killed in de first battle, used
+to come to de quarters and read de Bible to us.</p>
+
+<p>"Alex Hall was de minister dat immersed us all. We was all
+Methodists, but out dar dey baptized everybody in de Fairforest no
+matter what church dey went to. Dar was fifty people baptized de day
+dat I was. Milly Bethane made me a big white robe to be baptized in.
+When I got out I had a white dress to put on. Dey had a tent fer us
+to go in to change our clothes. We was baptized in de Fairforest jes'
+above de Harris Bridge. Everybody sung while we was going under de
+water. Some of 'em shouted, too. It took de earthquake to shake religion
+in my husband. He was Emanuel Gist, de first one.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Dat night, de people was hollering and woke me up. My
+husband called me. 'What dat?' he 'low. 'I don't know,' I says. He
+got up and run out. Soon he come back home and he was shaking all
+over. He fell on de bed. When de chimney started to fall, I told
+him to git up. He said he was too scared to git up. I pulled him
+up and he was so scared dat he shook all over. I opened de door. He
+was too scared to stand up. Next day he couldn't work; so he went
+off. I looked fer him till way in de night. When he did come home,
+he was rejoicing. He was wid religion and he never give it up. Dat
+was on de night of de earthquake. You could hear people hollering
+fer miles around."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Mary Smith (N, 84), Buffalo St., Union, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (9/14/37)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>S-260-264-N</b><br />
+<b>Project: #1885</b><br />
+<b>Augustus Ladson</b><br />
+<b>Charleston, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in39" id="in39"></a>EXPERIENCES OF AN EX-SLAVE ON WARDMALAW ISLAND<br />
+<br />
+<span class="under">Massa Wus Kind to Slaves</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Prince Smith, a man who is said to be over a hundred years of age, has lived<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+on Wardmalaw Island practically all of his life. His experiences during slavery are
+very interesting and true to life. An interview with him revealed the following:</p>
+
+<p>"I was bo'n an' raise' on dis island and was only frum here when de Civil
+War had begun. W'en Fort Sumter wus fired on mossa carried seventy of us to Greenville,
+South Ca'lina on account of its montanous sections, which was believed would have prevented
+the Yankees invasion in regard to their hide-out." We stayed een Greenville
+nearly four years. Durin' dat time mossa planted his fa'm an' we wurk as if we wus right
+here.</p>
+
+<p>"The Yankees had gunboats," he continued, "but dey didn' help dem atoll fur dey
+couldn' make any a'tack dat dis place is so unsuited fur water battles. But forest' battles
+wus fight on Beaufort Island and Port Royale. We een Greenville didn' know enyt'ing
+'bout whut wus goin' on except what wus brought to us collud people by dose who wus
+sent to da town. Mossa didn' tell us eny ting. Fur almos' four 'ears we stayed een Greenville
+w'en suddenly one Chuesday mornin' bright an' early, Sheridan came into Greenville
+on horse backs en' order ebery body to sarrendar. Colonels an' Gen'rals came een de city
+widout de firin' of a gun. We stayed dere 'til harvestin' time by de orders of Master
+Osland Bailey who saw to it dat we wus given money as a share fur our wurk.</p>
+
+<p>"Mossa's custom at de end of de week wus to give a dry peck o' corn which you
+had to grin' on Sat'day ebenin' w'en his wurk wus done. Only on Chris'mus he killed en
+give a piece o' meat. De driber did de distribution o' de ration. All young men wus given<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+four quarts o' corn a week, while de grown men wus given six quarts. All of us could
+plant as much lan' as we wuld fur our own use. We could raise fowls. My master wus a
+gentleman, he treat all his slaves good. My fadder an' me wus his favorite.</p>
+
+<p>"Some o' de slaves had to wurk on Sunday to finish dere week's wurk. If dey didn'
+de dribber who wus a Negro would give a lashin' varyin' frum fifteen to twenty five
+chops. Only high-class massas had Negro dribbters, de crackers had white overseers.</p>
+
+<p>"Like odder slaves had to hide frum dere mastas to hab meetin', us could hab ours
+any night we want to even widout his consent. When masta went to town any o' his slaves
+could ax him to buy t'ings for dem een Cha'leston. When Jews en peddlers came with clothes
+an' gunger to sell, we as chillun would go to him an' ax fur money to buy whut we want.</p>
+
+<p>"He had about four hund'ed acres of land which he divided in two half by a fence. One
+'ear he would plant one an' let de cattles pasture on de oder. We could also raise hogs
+'long wood his but had to change pasture w'en he did. De people on his plantation didn'
+hab any need to steal from him fur he didn' 'low us to want fur any thing.</p>
+
+<p>"Dere wus three kinds of days wurk on de plantation: One is de whole tas',
+meanin' a whole han' or a person een his prime. He wus given two tas' fur dis day's wurk.
+A tas' carried frum twenty four to twenty five rows which wus thirty-five feet long en
+twenty five feet wide. De shree fourth han' wus given one whole tas' which consists of
+twelve rows. All de young chillun wus included in dis group. De half han' was de old
+slaves who did a half tas' for dere day's work. When it was time to pick cotton, de
+shree fourth han' had to pick thirty pound' an' de half han' twenty fur dere day's wurk.
+Dose who attended to the gin only include de three fourth han'.</p>
+
+<p>"Massa had shree kinds o' punishment fur dose who disobeyed him. One wus de sweatbox.
+It wus made de height of de person an' no larger. Jus' large 'nough so de person<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>
+woodn' hab to be squeezed in. De box is nailed an' een summer is put een de hot sun; een
+de winter it is put in de coldest, dampest place. De next is de Stock. Wood is nailed on
+floor with de person lyin' on his back wid hans an' feet tied wood a heavy weight on
+de chest. De shird is de Bilboa. You are place on a high scaffold fur so many hours an'
+if you don' try to keep a level head, you'll fall an you will surely hurt yourself if
+your neck isn't broken. Most o' de time dey were put dere so dey could break dere necks."</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;"><span class="under">SOURCE</span></p>
+
+<p>Information from an interview with Mr. Prince Smith, who is supposed to be over
+a hundred years of age, Wardmalaw Island, S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Nov. 29, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in40" id="in40"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Lawsey, honey chile, how does I know jes' when I was born.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+All sech as dat don't mean nothing to us old slave time darkies. De
+mis'tus say, 'Silas, you sho was thirteen years old when dat 'Federate
+War wound up! Dat's all I knows and dat's what I goes by. De white
+folks is worrying 'bout my age being in sech and sech a year and all
+de like of dat. No sech as dat don't worry Silas, kaise he sho don't
+give it no mind, dat I doesn't.</p>
+
+<p>"Mis'tus call us all to set down on de side steps wid our
+hats in our hands. She read dat paper. When she git through, us still
+sets, kaise no writing never aggrevated us niggers way back dar. She
+wait a few minutes; den she 'low: 'It means dat you all is free, jes'
+as free as I is.' 'Dumpling Pie' jumped up and started crying. We all
+looked at him, kaise he was a fat lazy thing dat laid around like
+dumplings a-laying over kraut, and we axed him what he was crying for.
+He say, 'I ain't gwine to be no free nigger, kaise dat brings in de
+Issue, and I wants to keep my ma and pa, and what is I'm gwine to do
+widout Marse Dusey?'</p>
+
+<p>"Dat woke us up. Didn't narry nigger on dat entire plantation
+know what to do widout his marster. It was de awfulest feeling
+dat everything in dem quarters laid down wid dat night, de new feeling
+dat day was free and never had no marster to tell dem what to do.
+You felt jes' like you had done strayed off a-fishing and got lost.
+It sho won't no fun to be free, kaise we never had nothing.</p>
+
+<p>"Next morning Mis'tus low, 'Silas, I wants you to keep on
+being my house boy.' Dat sound de best to me of any news dat I had
+got. She hired me and I jes' kept on den as I had been gwine befo'.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>
+De quarters broke up, kaise Marse Dusey couldn't keep all dem niggers,
+so Mis'tus low'd. Marse was at de war and Mis'tus took things on.</p>
+
+<p>"Dat left only a few in de quarter. In de meantime, carpetbaggers
+and scalawags had put devilment in some of dem ig'nant niggers
+and dey thought dat if dey leave, de U.S. gwine to give dem a plantation
+atter de war had ceased, and plenty mules to make dem rich, like
+quality white folks. So by dat time dey was a-raring to git moved off.
+But I stay on wid Miss Sallie, as I called her den.</p>
+
+<p>"One dark, rainy cold day a stranger come riding up on a po'
+hoss and fetched a note of sorrow. Marse Dusey had done died somewhars,
+and Mis'tus was widowed to de ground. I stayed on, and in a
+year she died. Mr. Thomas Smith of Hickory Grove is de onliest chile
+living of my mis'tus, and he is 71 years old.</p>
+
+<p>"Atter Mis'tus died, I went to live wid my pa on Mr. 'Baby'
+John Smith's place. He had been my pa's marster. Way back den it was
+so many John Smiths. 'Pears like it was mo' den dan now. Dat why dey
+call Mis'tus' husband 'John Dusey'. Each John had a frill to his name
+so dat folks could keep dem straight in deir minds whenever dey would
+speak of dem. Mis'tus sho was good to me. I 'members her chilluns'
+names well; Misses Aurita and Amenta. Miss Amenta married Mr. Sam
+Jeffries. Miss Rachael, Mis'tus other daughter, married Mr. John Morrow.
+Her 'Baby' John married a lady whose name I jes' disremembers, anyway
+dey had a son called 'Jeff'. He lived between Hickory Grove and
+Broad River. All dese Smiths which I gives you renumeration of is de
+Hickory Grove Smiths. You jes' has to keep dem straight yet."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Silas Smith (N, 85), Gaffney, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (11/27/37)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, May 17, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words______</b><br />
+<b>Reduced from ___ words</b><br />
+<b>Rewritten by</b><br />
+<b>____________</b></div>
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in41" id="in41"></a>MOM JESSIE SPARROW<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 83 years.</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Honey, my white folks been well-to-do peoples. Dey<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>
+ain' been no poor white trash. Dey hab 'stonishing blood
+in dey vein. I been b'long to Massa Sam Stevenson wha' lib
+right down dere 'cross Ole Smith Swamp. Dey ain' hab no
+chillun dey own, but dey is raise uh poor white girl dere,
+Betty. Dey gi'e (give) she eve'yt'ing she ha'e en dey school
+she too."</p>
+
+<p>"De ole man, he mind ain' been zactly right when he die.
+Dey say he bury some o' he money down dere on he place jes
+'fore he die. Coase I dunno nuthin 'bout it, but dats wha'
+dey tell me. Dey say dey never is find dat money a'ter he
+been dead. Reckon it dere yet, I dunno. Peoples use'er aw
+de time be plough up kegs en box full o' money en va'uables
+wha' de well-to-do folks been hide dere."</p>
+
+<p>"De white peoples use'er bury dey silver en dey money
+en aw dey va'uables late on uh evenin' er early on uh mornin'
+when de Yankees come 'bout. De Yankees 'stroy aw us white
+peoples va'uables wha' dey is see. Um&mdash;&mdash;dem
+Yankees sho' was 'structive whey dey is went."</p>
+
+<p>"My ole mammy been Sally Stevenson 'fore she marry en
+den she wuz Sally Bowens. My ole Missus take she 'way from
+her mammy when she wuz jes uh little small girl en never<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>
+wouldn't 'low her go in de colored settlement no more. She
+been raise up in de white folks house to be de house girl.
+Never didn't work none tall outside. She sleep on uh pallet
+right down by de Missus bed. She sleep dere so she kin keep
+de Missus kivver (cover) up aw t'rough de night. My mammy
+ain' never do nuthin but been de house girl. My Missus
+larnt (learned) she how to cut en sew so she been good uh
+seamstress is dere wuz anywhey. She help de Missus make aw
+de plantation clothes en dere ain' never been no better
+washer en ironer no whey den my ole mammy wuz."</p>
+
+<p>"When I wuz uh little small girl, us lib right dere in
+my ole Missus yard. Dey le' us chillun play aw us wanna den.
+Never did hadder do none hard work tall. My Massa is some uh
+time send we chillun in de field to scare de crow offen de
+corn. Ain' never been no hoe hand in me life. When dey send
+we to scare de crow 'way, we is go in de field when fuss (first)
+sun up en we is stay dere aw day. Coase we is come to de house
+when 12 o'clock come en ge' we sumptin uh eat. Dese white folks
+'round here don' hab no chillun to scare de crow offen dey corn
+nowadays. Dey has aw kind o' ole stick sot (set) 'bout in de
+field wid ole pant en coat flying 'bout on dem to scare de crow
+'way. Dere be plenty crow 'bout nowadays too. I hears em
+hollerin aw 'bout in dis sky 'round 'bout here."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I 'member when I use'er nu'se de white folks baby. I
+al'ays did lub to nu'se de babies, but I didn't never lub to
+nu'se no ug'y baby. I lub to hab uh pretty baby to nu'se.
+Didn't lak no boy baby neither. Don' lak boy baby nohow.
+Lubbed little girl baby. Lubbed to take de little girls en
+dress em up in dey pretty clothes en carry dem out under de
+trees to 'muse dem whey dere wuz plenty peoples 'bout to see
+em. Mammy al'ays 'ud fuss at me 'bout puttin' on dey best
+clothes, but I ain' never do lak dese nu'se do nowadays. I
+take care o' my babies, didn't never 'low em wallow in de dirt
+lak yunnah see dese nu'se do 'bout here dese day en time."</p>
+
+<p>"I 'members one time I been nu'se little boy baby en I
+is larnt he hair to curl jes uz pretty. I bresh he hair
+eve'y morning en twist it 'round me finger en he is had pretty
+curl uz dere wuz anywhey. Never lak de Missus to cut my baby
+hair off neither when I had larnt it to curl."</p>
+
+<p>"I been lub to wash little baby clothes too. I is primp
+em up so nice. Never did put no starch much in em. I do me
+best on em en when I ge' t'rough, dey been look too nice to
+le' de child muss up."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey, I can' stand no chillun fuss 'round me no more
+dese days. Don' hab no chillun fuss 'round me peaceful little
+place. I tell aw me chillun en grandchillun en great-grandchillun
+dat I can' stand no chillun fuss 'round me no more.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+My Sammie, he marry three times en I ax him why he wanna
+marry so many time. I ain' never see no man I is wan'
+since my ole man die."</p>
+
+<p>"I ain' wha' I use'er to be, child. I ain' able to
+do nuthin more now but dem little bit o' clothes wha' Miss
+Betty hab. Coase she clothes ain' hard to wash. Miss Betty
+mighty clean, honey, she mighty clean. She don' strip she
+bed but eve'y udder week en den de sheet ain' dirty one speck.
+She does wash she self eve'y day en de sheet don' ge' de
+crease out dem from one time dey wash till de next. I say I
+gwinna wash Miss Betty clothes jes uz long uz de Massa'll le'
+me em."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Personal interview with Mom Jessie Sparrow,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">age 83, colored, Marion, S.C., May 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date. May 24, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in42" id="in42"></a>MOM JESSIE SPARROW<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 83 years.</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I dunno, child, I don' 'member nuthin more den I tell<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+yuh de udder time. Is yuh been to see Maggie Black yet? I
+dunno how old she, but I know she been here. No, child,
+Maggie ain' dead. She lib right down dere next Bethel Church.
+She move 'way from Miss Mullins house when Gus die. Coase I
+ain' ne'er been in she house a'ter she move dere, but dey say
+she hab uh mighty restful place dere. Dat wha' dey tell me.
+Maggie oughta could tell yuh aw 'bout dem times. I ain' know
+nuthin more to tell yuh. Don' tell yuh aw I know."</p>
+
+<p>"Who my mammy wuz? My mammy been Sallie Stevenson 'fore
+she marry en den a'ter she marry, she waz Sallie Bowens. Don'
+know whey dey ge' de Bowens from cause my pa been b'long to be
+uh Evans. Dat how come Miss Betty know so much 'bout me. She
+say we mighty nigh de same age. Coase I don' never 'spute
+Miss Betty word, but I don' t'ink so."</p>
+
+<p>"No, child, I dunno. Dunno how many chillun my mammy is
+hab. Dey aw been die sech uh long time dat I don' forgot.
+Coase George, de carpenter, my brother. He been train up by
+uh good carpenter man en Henry, wha' paint aw dese house 'bout
+here, b'long to be annuder one uv we. It jes lak 'bout my own
+chillun, I ain' 'member how many dey wuz. I know dere 'bout
+t'ree uv dem bigguns dead, but aw dem babies, Lawd, I ain'
+'member how many dere wuz. Can' never recollect nuthin 'bout
+how many dere been come here."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"My mammy been de house girl in my white folks house.
+She marry when she ain' but 13 year old. Dat wha' she tell
+me. She say she marry to ge' outer de big house. Dat how
+come she to marry so soon. Say de white folks take she way
+from she mammy when she won' but uh little small girl en
+make she sleep right dere on uh pallet in de Missus room aw
+de time 'fore she marry. Coase a'ter she marry, she been
+de house girl right on but she never stay in de Missus
+house when night come. Us chillun ain' been 'low to stay
+in de big house. Dey hab uh room put on de kitchen fa my
+mammy en she family to lib in. We chillun stay right dere
+in de yard whey my mammy could look a'ter us in en 'round.
+My mammy hadder stay 'bout my ole Missus aw de day en help
+she cut en sew de plantation clothes en wash en iron. Den
+she hadder help make quilts outer aw de scrap dat been left
+o'er a'ter de garment was cut out."</p>
+
+<p>"Us chillun been fed from de table right dere in de
+Missus kitchen en some uv de time my mammy 'ud bring us
+sumptin to eat, wha' wuz cook in de Missus kitchen, en le'
+us eat it in she room. Dey'ud gi'e us hominy en milk en
+meat fa us break'ast. My white folks hadder uh lot uv
+cows en dey'ud gi'e us chillun plenty milk en clabber to
+eat. We is hab milk en clabber eve'y day en dey is gi'e
+us plenty meat to eat, so dey is dat. Child, I ain' know
+no slack eatin' 'round my ole Missus. Some uv de time we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>
+hab hoecake en den annuder time dey'ud gi'e us obben
+(oven) bread. Dey cook eve'yt'ing on de fireplace in
+dem days, eve't'ing. Jes hab rods put 'cross de fireplace
+in de kitchen wid pot hang on it. Dat whey dey
+cook us ration. Dey'ud gi'e us t'ings lak peas en
+collards en meat fa we dinner. Den dey'ud gi'e us uh
+big bowl uv corn bread en clabber late in de evenin'
+cause jes lak I is call to yuh jes now, dey is use milk
+right smart in dem days. I lak eve'yt'ing wha' dey is
+hab to eat den. Dey never eat lak dese peoples eats
+nowadays. I won' larnt to lak aw kind uv t'ing. Dey
+use'er cook poke salad wha' been season wid meat. Don'
+yuh know wha' dat? Poke salad is come up jes lak dose
+weed out dere en dey is cut de top offen dem en take aw
+de hard part outer em en den dey is boil em uh long time
+wid meat. Dey is eat right good too. Don' lak spinach
+en aw dat sumptin en don' lak celery neither. Don' lak
+butter put in nuthin I eats. I laks me squash fried down
+brown lak wid grease in de pan. I laks me beets wid uh
+little vinegay on em en season wid some sugar sprinkle on
+em. Don' lak em jes wid nuthin but uh little salt en
+butter smear aw o'er dem lak some uv dese peoples 'bout
+here eat em nowadays."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Yas'um, we use'er eat plenty uv em possum. Eve'y
+one dey is ketch, us parent cook it. Us eat aw kinder
+wild animal den sech uz coon, possum, rabbit, squirrel en
+aw dat. Hab plenty uv fish in dem days too. Hab pond
+right next de white folks house en is ketch aw de fish
+dere dat we is wan'. Some uv de time dey'ud fry em en
+den some uv de time dey'ud make uh stew. Dey'ud put uh
+little salt en onion en grease in de stew en anyt'ing
+dey been ge' hold uv."</p>
+
+<p>"Massa Sam been hab uh heap uv colored peoples
+'sides we, but dey lib up on de hill in de quarters.
+My Missus, she see to it she self dat dey hab good bed
+wha' to sleep on en plenty sumptin uh eat. She docker
+(doctor) em when dey ge' sick too en she be mighty
+anxious ef dey sick mucha. Us hab good clothes en shoes
+den too. Coase de peoples'ud wear more clothes den, en
+dey'ud put on more undey shirt in de winter den dey wear
+in de summer. My white folks'ud make de plantation
+clothes outer gingham en jeanes cloth mostly. Dat jeanes
+cloth be wha' dey make little coat en pant outer. Dat
+sumptin jes lak homespun."</p>
+
+<p>"No, child, dey ain' ne'er gi'e us no money den.
+Never need no money den. My Massa been provide eve't'ing
+us hab, honey, eve'yt'ing. We ain' lak fa nuthin den.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>
+We chillun ain' been big 'nough to do nuthin but scare de
+crow offen de corn en some uv de time my ole Missus'ud
+hab we chillun sweepin' outer in de yard when she be out
+dere wid us."</p>
+
+<p>"Yas'um, honey, my white folks al'ays'ud see dat dey
+colored peoples'ud go to chu'ch (church) eve'y Sunday.
+We hadder walk dere to de white big Methodist Chu'ch up
+de road en sot en de gallery. Yas'um de white folks is
+stay down en we is go up. Ef we chillun never go, my ole
+Missus'ud teach us de catechism right dere in de back
+yard. Hadder wash us face en hand en come dere to she.
+Yas'um, I 'members dat aw right."</p>
+
+<p>"My white folks'ud ride to chu'ch in dey big ole
+carriage en dey driver'ud hab dey big black hosses bresh
+jes uz shiny. I forge' de driver name. Dey hab uh pair
+uv dem black hosses wha' been match hosses en dey is look
+jes lak. En den one day de ole Yankees is come t'rough
+dere en dey is carry one uv dem 'way. A'ter dat dey hadder
+use one uv de plantation hoss in de place uv dis carriage
+hoss. De Missus'ud al'ays take my mammy in de carriage wid
+she too. Never left her home, so she tell me. Jes stuff
+she down dere 'tween de seats somewhey."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, colored, Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, May 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project No. 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, September 7, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in43" id="in43"></a>MOM JESSIE SPARROW<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 83 Years<br /><br />
+Marion, S.C.</h3>
+
+
+<p>"No, honey, dere ain' not a soul live here but me.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+Man stay in dat other room dere just to be a little bit
+of company for me when night come. He ain' not a speck
+of kin to me, not a speck. Oh, he pay me a little somethin,
+but it not much. Mostly, I does want him for protection like.
+Ain' got but just dis one room for myself cause dat part out
+dere does be just like out in de yard. Dis Miss Mary Watson
+house en she tell me stay on here dat de house ain' worth no
+fixin. Don' know how long I be here. No, honey, I ain' got
+no property only just myself. Ain' got not a bit. Ain' got
+nothin, child. I can' do no work dese days but dat little
+bit of washin dat Miss Betty have en dat ain' nothin to depend
+on. Just try to do a little somethin to help myself along.
+Nothin worth to speak bout though."</p>
+
+<p>"Miss Betty say we bout one age. My daddy belonged to
+Miss Betty father en dat how-come she know dere ain' much
+difference in us age. My mammy was de house 'oman on old man
+Sam Stevenson plantation en dat whe' I was born. When we was
+freed, I was a little small girl en my daddy moved us up here
+in town right over dere on de Gibson place. Fore den, when
+he have a mind to see us, he had to come cross de swamp dere
+to old man Sam Stevenson place en dat de reason he move us.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+He say it take too much pains to keep dat gwine back en
+forth. I remembers I finished growin right up here in dis
+town over dere on de Gibson place. My mammy have task to
+cook dere en my daddy been de butler man, but I was small
+den. Can' recollect much bout it. Reckon I wouldn' hardly
+know de place whe' I was born if I go back dere now. De old
+man Sam Stevenson had nice house, but it burn down long time
+back. Dey tell me dat de first court de peoples in Marion
+did ever know bout meet right dere on dat same spot. Coase
+I don' know nothin bout it, but dat what I hear dem say."</p>
+
+<p>"My Massa had a big plantation, honey, a big plantation
+wid heap of colored people house. I remember dey call up dat
+way from de house on de hill en all de servants house set up
+dere. So I hear my mammy say she know bout some white folks
+dat didn' half feed dey colored people en didn' half clothe
+dem in de winter neither, but our white folks always treat
+us mighty good. Put shoes on all us feet in de winter en
+give us abundance of ration all de time."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey, I hear dem talkin bout dat war, but I can' tell
+you nothin bout dat. I recollects I see dem Yankees when dey
+come through my Massa plantation en took his best carriage
+horse. Had two of dem big black carriage horses dat was match
+horses en dem Yankees carry one of dem away wid dem. I hear
+dem say de white folks would bury dey silver en money in pots
+en barrels to hide dem from de Yankees. Oh, dem fiddlin Yankees<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>
+ax nobody nothin. Just go in de house en take dat what dey
+wanted. Go right in de house en plunder round en take de
+peoples best things. Wouldn' take no common things. Wasn'
+right, but dey done it. I hear talk dat a man plowed up a
+chest or somethin another de other day full of money, so dey
+tells me. I hear plenty peoples plow up all kind of things
+dese days in old fields dat ain' been broke up or throwed
+out for years. I hear so, but I know I ain' never found
+none though."</p>
+
+<p>"I sho been here when dat shake come here, child. I
+been married ever since I was a grown 'oman en I was stayin
+right over yonder in dat house dere. My son Henry was de
+baby on me lap den en he tell me de other day dat he was
+bout 50 now. It come like a wind right from dat way. Some
+people tell me de ground was just a shakin en a mixin up, but
+I don' know how de ground was doin cause I never go on it. I
+hear de lumberation comin or dat what I calls it en it come
+long en hit de side of de house so hard dat all de dishes was
+just a rattlin. Every time de earth commence shakin, dem dish
+start jinglin. It come bout de early part of de night. I didn'
+know what to think it was till somebody come dere en say it been
+a earthquake. Say de ground was just a workin up. I tell you
+I ain' know what it was to be scared of, but dere been de old
+Ark (boarding house) standin cross de street den en dem people
+was scared most to death. Dey thought it was de Jedgment comin<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>
+on. Reckon I would been scared worser den I was, but I didn'
+get on de ground. No, honey, I reckon de house dat was standin
+up in dat day en time was substantial like en it didn' worry
+none of dem."</p>
+
+<p>"Is you seen Maggie Black any more? She been right sick,
+but she better now. Yes, she been right puny. Don' know what
+ail her."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey, what can you tell me bout dat white man dat been
+shoot up bout Mullins de other day. I hear people talk bout
+a man been shot by another man, but I ain' know nothin more
+den dat. Ain' hear none of de details only as dey tell me
+dey catch de man dat got away next Dillon tryin to get back
+home. I tell you it a bad place up dere in Mullins durin dis
+tobacco time. Dey tell me dere be such a stir up dat people
+be rob en shoot all bout dere. Dat de reason I stay back here
+whe' ain' nobody to worry me. Some of dem be seekin for you
+when you sleep en den another time dey get you when you gwine
+long de road. I don' like so much fuss en rousin en mix up
+round me. Dat de reason I does stay here by myself."</p>
+
+<p>"De people just livin too fast dis day en time, honey.
+You know some of dese people, I mean my race, dey got a little
+bit of education en ain' got no manners. I tell dem if dey
+ain' got no manners, dey ain' got nothin cause manners carries
+people whe' a dollar won' carry you. Dis education don' do
+everybody no good. It get some of dem standin on de top of
+dey heads. Dat what it done to dem. Coase dey say everybody<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>
+chillun got to go to school dis year en dat a good thing
+cause dere be so many runnin round makin mischief when dey
+ain' in school. I used to tell my chillun I buy dey book
+en satchel en keep plenty meat en bread for dem to eat en
+dey portion been to go dere en get dey learnin. If dey get
+whippin at school, I tell dem go back en get more. Didn'
+never entice dem to stay home."</p>
+
+<p>"All I know bout Abraham Lincoln was dat he Abraham
+Lincoln en he de one cause freedom. I recollect dey used
+to sing song bout him, but I done forget it now. Say dey
+hung Abraham Lincoln on de sour apple tree or old Jeff Davis
+or somethin like dat. Honey, dat all I know. Can' recollect
+nothin more den dat bout it."</p>
+
+<p>"Child, dis a pretty bad time de people got dese days,
+I tell you. Coase I thankful don' nobody worry me. All treats
+me nice, both white en black, what knows me. I be gwine down
+de street en folks come out de courthouse en say, 'Ain dat
+Mom Jessie? Mom Jessie, don' you remember me?' I say, 'I
+know your favor, but I can' call your name.' Dey tell me en
+laugh en let me lone. It just like dis, child, I puts my trust
+in de Lord en I lives mighty peaceful like. I ain' got a enemy
+in de world cause everybody speaks appreciatively of me. Dere
+somebody bringin me somethin to eat all de time en I don' be
+studyin bout it neither. First one en den de other bring me
+a plate en somethin another. Don' want me to do no cookin.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>
+Say I might fall in de fire. Honey, de lady come by here
+de other day en tell me I gwine get de old 'oman money
+pretty soon now dat dere been so much talk bout. I be
+thankful when it get here too, child, cause I wants to
+get first one thing en de other to do some fixin up bout
+my house."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, honey, I tired now cause I ain' much today
+nohow. Can' recollect nothin else dis mornin. Don' know
+what you want to hear bout all dem things for nohow."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, ex-slave, Bond Street,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Marion, S.C.&mdash;Third Report.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Sept., 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, December 7, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in44" id="in44"></a>MOM JESSIE SPARROW<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 83 Years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"No, I ain' cold. I settin in de sun. Miss Ida,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+she went by here just now en call at me bout de door been
+open en lettin dat cold wind blow in on my back wid all de
+fire gone out. I tell her, it ain' botherin me none, I been
+settin out in de sun. Well, I don' feel much to speak bout,
+child, but I knockin round somehow. Miss Ida, she bring me
+dis paper to study on. She does always be bringin me de Star
+cause she know dat I love to see de news of Marion. It right
+sad bout de Presbyterian preacher, but everybody got to die,
+I say. Right sad though. We hear dat church bell here de
+other evenin en we never know what it been tollin for. I
+holler over dere to Maggie house en ax her how-come de church
+bell tollin, but she couldn' tell me nothin bout it. Reckon
+some chillun had get hold of it, she say. I tell her, dat
+bell never been pull by no chillun cause I been hear death
+note in it. Yes, honey, de people sho gwine horne (grieve)
+after Dr. Holladay."</p>
+
+<p>"I say, I doin very well myself en I thankful I ain'
+down in de bed. Mighty thankful I ain' down in de bed en
+can set up en talk wid de people when dey comes to see me.
+I ain' been up dere on your street in a long time. Can' do
+much walkin dese days cause I ain' got no strength to speak
+bout. Ain' been up town dere in bout two months. Mr. Jervey<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>
+ax John Evans what de matter dat I ain' been comin to de
+store to get my rations en John Evans tell him I been under
+de weather. Somehow another, dey all likes me up dere en
+when dey don' see me up town on Saturday, dey be axin bout
+me. Mr. Jervey, he come here de other day en bring me some
+tobacco en syrup en cheese en some of dem other things what
+he know dat I used to buy dere. He tell me dey all was wantin
+to see me back up dere again. I say, I can' go up dere cause
+I give way in my limbs en just comes right down whe' I don'
+have nothin to catch to. Got dis old stick here dat I balances
+myself on when I goes out round bout de house here. Cose I
+don' venture to steady myself no far ways on it."</p>
+
+<p>"No, child, I ain' been up your way in a long time. I
+wash for Miss Betty all my best days, but I ain' been up to
+de house in many a mornin. Miss Betty like myself now, she
+old. I tell dem up dere to de house, de last time I talk wid
+dem, don' mind Miss Betty cause her mind ain' no good. I say,
+just gwine on en do what you got to do en let Miss Betty rest.
+You see, Miss Betty always would have her way en dis ain' no
+time to think bout breakin her neither. Cose I don' know
+nothin bout it, but Miss Betty say we bout one age."</p>
+
+<p>"I reckon Miss Betty got plenty pecans dis year cause
+she does rake dem up by de tubfuls bout dis time of de year.
+I got my share of dem last year, but I ain' got no mind dat
+I gwine get any dis year less I go up dere. Yes, mam, I got<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>
+my share last year cause when I went to carry Miss Betty
+washin home, I could pick up all I wanted while I come
+through under de trees. My Lord, Miss Betty, she had a
+quantity of dem last year, but I ain' hear what de crop
+doin dis year. I don' care though cause I wouldn' eat
+dem nohow widout I beat dem up en I ain' in no shape to
+go to all dat trouble. I loves peanuts good as anybody,
+but I couldn' never chew dem widout dey was beat up."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey, my child en her daughter comin from de
+northern states dis Christmas to see me. Her name Evelyn,
+but dey call her Missie. She write here dat she want to
+come en I tell my Sammie to send word dey is welcome. Cose
+dey gwine stay wid my son, Sammie, cause dey got more room
+den I is en dey got a cookin stove, too, but she gwine be in
+en out here wid her old mammy off en on. Yes'um, I wants to
+see her mighty bad since it be dat she been gone from here
+so long. When she first went up dere, she worked for a white
+family dere to Hartford, Connecticut, but it won' long fore
+she got in a fidget to marry en she moved dere to Philadelphia.
+Dat whe' she livin now, so my Sammie tell me."</p>
+
+<p>"Den dere another one of my chillun dat I say, I don' never
+'spect to see no more on dis side of de world. Evelina, she
+get married en go way out west to live. She de one what used
+to nurse Lala up dere to Miss Owens' house. My God, honey,
+she been crazy bout Lala. Don' care what she been buy on a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+Saturday evenin, she would save some of it till Monday to
+carry to dat child. My Evelina, she always would eat en she
+used to bring Lala here wid her a heap of times to get somethin
+to eat. She would come in en fetch her dat tin plate up dere
+full of corn bread en molasses en den she would go to puttin
+dem ration way. Would put her own mouth full en den she would
+cram some of it down Lala's mouth in de child's belly. You
+see, I always would keep a nice kind of syrup in de safe cause
+I don' like none dese kind of syrup much, but dis here ribbon
+cane syrup. My Lord, dat child would stand up dere en eat
+just as long as Evelina poke it down her. Oh, Lala been just
+a little thing plunderin bout en I tell Evelina dat she ought
+not to feed dat child dem coarse ration, but she say, 'Lala
+want some en I gwine give it to her cause I loves her.' No,
+child, Miss Owens never didn' worry her mind bout whe' Evelina
+been carry dat child. You see, she been put trust in Evelina."</p>
+
+<p>"I don' know what to tell you, honey. I bout like Miss
+Betty now. My 'membrance short dese days. Oh, I hear talk
+bout all kind of signs de people used to worry over en some
+of dem still frets bout dem, too. Hear talk dat you mustn't
+wash none on de New Years' Day. It bad luck, so a heap of dem
+say. Den some folks say it a sign of death to hear a owl holler
+at night. Some people can' bear to hear dem, but don' no owls
+worry me, I say. Lord, Maggie, dis child ax me how a owl holler
+when it a sign of death. Well, dey does holler a right good<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>
+space apart. Don' holler right regular. I ain' hear one
+holler now in a long time, but I used to hear dem be hollerin
+plenty times out dere somewhe' another in dem trees. Say,
+when some people been hear dem holler on a night, dey would
+stick a fire iron in de fire en dat would make de owl quit
+off. I hear talk bout a lot of people would do dat. Den
+dere another sign de people does have bout de New Years' Day.
+Reckon dat what dey call it, I don' know. No, mam, I don'
+understand nothin bout it, but I does hear people speak bout
+dey craves to get a cup of peas en a hunk of hog jowl on de
+first day of de year. Say, dem what put faith in dem kind of
+victuals on de New Years' Day, dey won' suffer for nothin no
+time all de next year. Cose I don' know, but I say dat I eats
+it cause I loves it."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, child, dat bout all I know to speak bout dis evenin.
+It gettin so cold, I don' know whe' I can manage here much
+longer or no. Cose my Sammie, he want me to go stay dere wid
+him, but I can' stand no chillun fuss round me no more. I tell
+him dese people bout here be in en out to ax bout me right smart
+en I think bout I better stay here whe' dere ain' nobody to mind
+what I do. You see, honey, old people is troublesome en I don'
+want to be noways burdensome to nobody. Yes, mam, I gwine be
+right here waitin, if de Lord say so, de next time I see you
+makin up dat path."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, colored, Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie R. Davis, Dec., 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, October 11, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in45" id="in45"></a>MOM JESSIE SPARROW<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 83 Years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Good morning, honey, I ain' much today. How you is?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+No, I can' talk nothin bout dem times today. Ain' know no
+more den I done tell you. I doin very well considerin I can'
+get bout like I wants to. Doin very well, honey. Peoples
+mighty nice to me, white en black. Cose I don' venture to
+get far off de lot, I be so poorly dese days. Ain' been bout
+up town dere in a month since Saturday."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, my chillun say for me to go live wid dem, but I
+don' want to go down to dat other far end of de town. I tell
+dem dey worry me so dat I think I rather be here in dis piece
+of house. See, I has such good neighbors bout me here en dere
+be so much a fightin en gwine on in dat other end of town. All
+de peoples speaks well of me, both white en black, of dem dat
+knows me. Yes, mam, Miss Ellen tell me fore she die for me to
+stay right here in dis house long as I live en ain' nobody is
+gwine worry me neither. No, child, Miss Mary Watson don' worry
+me, not one speck bout dis house. Miss Mary de only child dat
+Miss Ellen got left here. No, honey, I ain' studyin bout gwine
+nowhe' yet. Cose de house may fall down on me cause dat dere
+old kitchen over dere was good when I come here, but it rot down.
+Dat how-come I ain' got no stove. De kitchen rot down en de rain
+come in on de stove en rust it out. No, dey don' worry me none.
+I tell dem I ain' got nothin, but I settin here just as satisfied
+like. Cose I may get a little pension soon, but don' know when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+it gwine get here. I ain' hear tell of nobody gettin it yet.
+I tell lady dat come here if I get it, it be all right en if
+I don' get it, dat be all right too."</p>
+
+<p>"Big sale on today, ain' dere, child? I hear talk bout
+dey gwine sell all de Witcover property en all dat, but I don'
+know. Dey sho got a pretty day for it. I had on my old thick
+sweater, but it too hot. I had to pull it off en put on dis
+here thin jacket. Can' go bout too naked, honey."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes'um, I know it was you come here de other night. Cose
+I can' see so good, but I can hear de people voice en tell who
+dere time I hear dem comin up dat path. You see, I don' light
+my lamp first night nohow, dere be so much grass round here de
+mosquitoes comes in en worries me right smart."</p>
+
+<p>"Miss Foxworth en dem fixin to plant dey turnips over dere.
+Miss Foxworth, I likes her very well to speak. She good-hearted,
+kind en clever. She comes over en talks wid me often cause us
+been friends ever since fore de old man been gone. Dey ain' got
+no kind of garden yet, but dey fixin to plant a fall garden out
+dere."</p>
+
+<p>"No, child, I done put Miss Betty clothes down. Tell her
+I ain' able to wash no more en my Lord, Miss Betty sho hate to
+hear me say dat. Won' dat Miss Betty clothes was so hard, but
+it was de totin dem back en forth en den dere be so little bit
+of money in dem, didn' pay to hire nobody to carry dem. Cose
+she didn' pay me nothin worth much cause she didn' never have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>
+nothin much, but a little changin of underclothes en bout
+one dress. Just had to starch bout one petticoat en one dress,
+but I can' hardly wash for myself dese days en I wouldn' never
+venture to do hers no more. No, honey, my conscience wouldn'
+allow me to overpower Miss Betty for dem little bit of somethin
+en dey ain' dirty neither. You see, since Miss Emma been stayin
+dere, she in charge de house en uses all her tablecloths en such
+as dat. Miss Emma, she mighty nice to me. Every time I go up
+dere en I ain' been doin nothin for her neither, she see can
+she find a cup of fresh milk or somethin another to hand me."</p>
+
+<p>"Reckon I gwine be lonesome right bout dis side next week
+cause all de colored schools gwine be open up Monday. You see,
+dere be so many school chillun en teacher livin on dis here
+street. Dat child over dere say she gwine be home right sharp
+after she be finish pickin cotton next week. I say I ain' be
+obliged to leave dis country cause my white folks wouldn' never
+venture to come dere to dat other end of town to see me. All
+dese chillun bout here mighty good to me. Don' never let me
+suffer for nothin. Dey caution me not to risk to cook nothin
+over dat fireplace cause dey say I might tumble over en can'
+catch myself. No, dey tell me don' do no cookin, I might fall
+in en burn up. No, child, I ain' chance to cook none on dat
+fireplace since I been sick. Different ones brings me somethin
+dis day en dat day. Don' suspicion nothin bout it till I see
+dem comin. Celeste over dere brings me breakfast en dinner<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>
+every day en I don' never bother wid no supper cause I lays
+down too early. Den dey keeps me in plenty bread en rolls
+en I keeps a little syrup on hand en eats dat if I gets hungry.
+Dere Marguerite all de time bringin me somethin, if it ain'
+nothin but a pitcher of ice. You see, dey makes dey ice en it
+ain' costin her nothin. When I see her turn out dat piazza, I
+know she comin here. I ain' see her today, but I lookin for
+her. Used to wash for dem too. Honey, I done a lot of work
+bout dis town en I don' suffer for nothin. All de people bout
+here be good to me."</p>
+
+<p>"No, mam, I ain' gwine let you take no more pictures. Ain'
+gwine take no more. If Miss Montgomery say she comin here to
+take more pictures, tell her I ain' gwine take no more. No,
+child, I ain' studyin bout no pictures. I don' want no more.
+I got one big one up dere on de wall dat show me en my mammy
+en my son, Sammie, settin in a automobile. Dat my picture
+settin up dere wid de white blouse on. I tell dem I look like
+somethin den, but I too old en broke up now. My daughter, she
+want a picture en she kept on after us till we went up dere to
+whe' de carnival was. Carnival man had a automobile dat he take
+your picture in en we get in en set down en he snap de picture.
+I tell dem dey got one now en dat ought to be sufficient. Dat
+my mammy settin dere by me. She was sho a fine lookin woman.
+Lord, Lord, honey, dem chillun love dem pictures, but I ain'
+studyin bout wantin my picture scatter all bout de country."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Yes, child, I sleeps all right. Go to bed early too
+fore anybody else round here do. Yes, mam, I goes to bed
+early en don' never get up none till I see day shine in dem
+cracks. I was figurin somebody else ax me dat de other day.
+Believe it was Dr. Dibble. My Sammie, he a mammy child. He
+never stop till he send de doctor here to see could he find
+out de ailment dat seem like was eatin me way. Dr. Dibble
+come here en set down in dat chair en ax me a heap of questions.
+Den he test my blood en give me a tonic dat he say would hope
+me. Yes, mam, dat my Sammie doctor en he goes to see him often,
+he does have such a misery in his head. Dat de first time Dr.
+Dibble ever been here, but I likes he manner mighty well. Dr.
+Zack was a good doctor too. Cose dat what dey tell me, but I
+ain' know nothin bout it. No, child, I been healthy all my
+days en I ain' had to worry bout no doctor. I tells dem when
+I falls down, I won' last long cause I been hearty all my days."</p>
+
+<p>"Your sister still in Dr. Dibble store (office), ain' she?
+Is she got a cook yet? Dat it, I glad she got somebody to depend
+on cause dese young people, can' tell bout dem. Dey be
+one place today en den dey apt to be another place de next day.
+I used to cook dere to lady house cross de street, but I never
+didn' cook no Sunday dinner dere. Dat lady been take in sewin
+en she would sew en press right on de big Sunday. I tell her
+dat a sin en she say she had to get finish somehow dat de folks
+was pushin her for dey clothes. I say, 'Well, dat you, ain' me.'
+I go dere on Sunday mornin en cook breakfast en clean up en put<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>
+wood in de kitchen. Den I would go to church en left dem to
+cook what dinner dey get. Dat de reason I won' cook for none
+dese white folks dis day en time cause when dey pays you dat
+little bit of money, dey wants every bit your time. I been
+proud when dat lady move from here cause I was tired walkin
+de road back en forth. People come here en beg me to cook
+for dem, but I tell dem I gwine stay right here en do my bit
+of washin. Gwine get along somehow wid it."</p>
+
+<p>"Bethel, down dere on de other side de jail, de only church
+I ever been a member of. We got to fix us church twixt now en
+next year. It need fixin bad. You see, it right on de Main
+street gwine down en does be right public out to de people.
+I was fixin to go to church Sunday gone, but my child never
+come after me. My son, Sammie, never show up, but he come
+Sunday evenin laughin. Say, 'Ma, I know if I come by your
+house, you would want to go wid me.' No, I ain' been so I
+able to go in four Sundays."</p>
+
+<p>"Child, you ought to had brought your parasol wid you
+cause you been settin here so long, you gwine be late gettin
+whe' you started. Dis here another hot day we got come here."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, good-day, child. Speak bout how you is find Maggie
+Black to me when you pass back long dat street dere."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source:</span> Mom Jessie Sparrow, ex-slave, 83 years, Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, October, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in46" id="in46"></a>ROSA STARKE<br />
+<br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Rosa's grandfather was a slave of Solicitor Starke. Although she has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>
+had two husbands since slavery, she has thrown their names into the discard
+and goes by the name of Rosa Starke. She lives in a three-room frame house
+with her son, John Harrison, two miles south of Winnsboro, S.C., on the plantation
+of Mrs. Rebecca V. Woodward. She still does farm work, hoeing and picking
+cotton.</p>
+
+<p>"They say I was six years old when de war commence poppin' in Charleston.
+Mammy and pappy say dat I was born on de Graham place, one of de nineteen plantations
+of my old marster, Nick Peay, in 1854. My pappy was name Bob and my
+mammy name Salina. They had b'longed to old Marse Tom Starke befo' old Marse
+Nick bought them. My brudders was name Bob and John. I had a sister name Carrie.
+They was all older than me.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster, Nick Peay, had nineteen places, wid a overseer and slave quarters
+on every place. Folks dat knows will tell you, dis day, dat them nineteen
+plantations, in all, was twenty-seven thousand acres. He had a thousand slaves,
+more or less, too many to take a census of. Befo' de numerator git 'round, some
+more would be born or bought, and de nominator had to be sent 'round by Marse
+Nick, so old Miss Martha, our mistress, say. Her never could know just how many
+'twas. Folks used to come to see her and ask how many they had and her say it
+was one of them sums in de 'rithmetic dat a body never could take a slate and
+pencil and find out de correct answer to.</p>
+
+<p>"Her was a Adamson befo' her marry old marster, a grand big buckra. Had
+a grand manner; no patience wid poor white folks. They couldn't come in de front
+yard; they knowed to pass on by to de lot, hitch up deir hoss, and come knock on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+de kitchen door and make deir wants and wishes knowed to de butler.</p>
+
+<p>"You wants me to tell 'bout what kind of house us niggers live in then?
+Well, it 'pend on de nigger and what him was doin'. Dere was just two classes
+to de white folks, buckra slave owners and poor white folks dat didn't own no
+slaves. Dere was more classes 'mongst de slaves. De fust class was de house
+servants. Dese was de butler, de maids, de nurses, chambermaids, and de cooks.
+De nex' class was de carriage drivers and de gardeners, de carpenters, de barber,
+and de stable men. Then come de nex' class de wheelwright, wagoners,
+blacksmiths and slave foremen. De nex' class I 'members was de cow men and de
+niggers dat have care of de dogs. All dese have good houses and never have to
+work hard or git a beatin'. Then come de cradlers of de wheat, de threshers,
+and de millers of de corn and de wheat, and de feeders of de cotton gin. De lowest
+class was de common field niggers. A house nigger man might swoop down and
+mate wid a field hand's good lookin' daughter, now and then, for pure love of
+her, but you never see a house gal lower herself by marryin' and matin' wid a
+common field-hand nigger. Dat offend de white folks, 'specially de young misses,
+who liked de business of match makin' and matin' of de young slaves.</p>
+
+<p>"My young marsters was Marse Tom, Marse Nick, and Marse Austin. My young
+misses was Miss Martha, Miss Mary, and Miss Anne Eliza. I knows Marse Nick, Jr.
+marry a Cunningham of Liberty Hill. Marse Tom marry a Lyles and Marse Austin
+marry and move to Abbeville, after de war. Old marster die de year befo' de
+war, I think, 'cause my mammy and pappy fell in de division to Marse Nick and us
+leave de Graham place to go to de home place. It was called de Melrose place.
+And what a place dat was! 'Twas on a hill, overlookin' de place where de Longtown
+Presbyterian Church and cemetery is today. Dere was thirty rooms in it
+and a fish pond on top of it. A flower yard stretchin' clean down de hill to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>
+de big road, where de big gate, hangin' on big granite pillars, swung open to
+let de carriages, buggies, and wagons in and up to de house.</p>
+
+<p>"Can I tell you some of de things dat was in dat house when de Yankees
+come? Golly no! Dat I can't, but I 'members some things dat would 'stonish you
+as it 'stonished them. They had Marseille carpets, linen table cloths, two silver
+candlesticks in every room, four wine decanters, four nut crackers, and two coffee
+pots, all of them silver. Silver castors for pepper, salt, and vinegar bottles.
+All de plates was china. Ninety-eight silver forks, knives, teaspoons and table-spoons.
+Four silver ladles, six silver sugar tongs, silver goblets, a silver mustard
+pot and two silver fruit stands. All de fireplaces had brass firedogs and
+marble mantelpieces. Dere was four oil paintin's in de hall; each cost, so Marse
+Nick say, one hundred dollars. One was his ma, one was his pa, one was his Uncle
+Austin and de other was of Colonel Lamar.</p>
+
+<p>"De smoke-house had four rooms and a cellar. One room, every year, was
+filled wid brown sugar just shoveled in wid spades. In winter they would drive up
+a drove of hogs from each plantation, kill them, scald de hair off them, and pack
+de meat away in salt, and hang up de hams and shoulders 'round and 'bout de smokehouse.
+Most of de rum and wine was kep' in barrels, in de cellar, but dere was a
+closet in de house where whiskey and brandy was kep' for quick use. All back on
+de east side of de mansion was de garden and terraces, acres of sweet 'taters,
+water millions (watermelons) and strawberries and two long rows of beehives.</p>
+
+<p>"Old marster die. De 'praisers of de State come and figure dat his mules,
+niggers, cows, hogs, and things was worth $200,000.00. Land and houses I disremember
+'bout. They, anyhow, say de property was over a million dollars. They put a price
+of $1,600.00 on mammy and $1,800.00 on pappy. I 'member they say I was worth
+$400.00. Young Marse Nick tell us dat the personal property of de estate was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>
+'praised at $288,168.78.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+<p>"De Yankees come set all de cotton and de gin-house afire. Load up all
+de meat; take some of de sugar and shovel some over de yard; take all de wine,
+rum, and liquor; gut de house of all de silver and valuables, set it afire, and
+leave one thousand niggers cold and hongry, and our white folks in a misery they
+never has got over to de third generation of them. Some of them is de poorest
+white folks in dis State today. I weeps when I sees them so poor, but they is
+'spectable yet, thank God.</p>
+
+<p>"After de war I stuck to de Peay white folks, 'til I got married to Will
+Harrison. I can't say I love him, though he was de father of all my chillun. My
+pappy, you know, was a half white man. Maybe dat explain it. Anyhow, when he
+took de fever I sent for Dr. Gibson, 'tend him faithful but he die and I felt more
+like I was free, when I come back from de funeral, than I did when Marse Abe
+Lincoln set us free. My brudder, Bob, had done gone to Florida.</p>
+
+<p>"I nex' marry, in a half-hearted way, John Pearson, to help take care of
+me and my three chillun, John, Bob, and Carrie. Him take pneumonia and die, and
+I never have a speck of heart to marry a colored man since. I just have a mind
+to wait for de proper sort, till I git to heaven, but dese adult teachers 'stroy
+dat hope. They read me dat dere is no marryin' in heaven. Well, well, dat'll be
+a great disappointment to some I knows, both white and black, and de ginger-cake
+women lak me.</p>
+
+<p>"Is I got any more to tell you? Just dis: Dere was 365 windows and doors
+to Marse Nick Peay's house at Melrose, one for every day in de year, my mistress
+'low. And dere was a peach tree in de orchard so grafted dat dat peach tree have
+ripe peaches on it in May, June, July, August, September, and October."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in47" id="in47"></a>JOSEPHINE STEWART<br />
+<br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 85 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Phinie Stewart, as she is known in the community where she lives,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>
+is a small, black negress, who shows her age in appearance and movements.
+She lives with Robert Wood, a hundred yards back of the Presbyterian
+Church manse at Blackstock, S.C. Robert Wood married Phinie's niece,
+who is now deceased. Phinie has no property, and depends entirely on
+the charity of Robert Wood for her support.</p>
+
+<p>"Does you know where de old Bell House is, about a mile de other
+side of Blackstock, on de Chester road? Yes? Well, dere is where I was
+borned, in May, 1853.</p>
+
+<p>"I doesn't know who my pappy was. You know in them times folks
+wasn't particular 'bout marriage licenses and de preacher tying de knot
+and all dat kind of thing. But I does know mammy's name. Her name was
+Celie. Dese eyes of mine is dim but I can see her now, stooping over de
+wash tub and washing de white folks' clothes every Monday and Tuesday.</p>
+
+<p>"Us belonged to Marster Charlie Bell and his lady, Miss Maggie Bell,
+our mistress in them slavery days. Does I 'member who Miss Maggie was befo'
+her married Marster Charlie? Sure I does. Mistress was a daughter of Miss
+Anne Jane Neil, who lived to be a hundred and five years old, and its writ
+on her tombstone in Concord Cemetery. I 'spect you has seen it, ain't you?
+Old Miss Anne Neil was a Irish lady, born in Ireland across de ocean. She
+had a silver snuff box; I seen it. She'd take snuff out dat box, rub it up<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+her nose and say: 'De Prince of Whales (Wales) give me dis box befo'
+I come to dis country, and I was presented to his ma, Queen Victoria, by
+de Duke of Wellington on my sixteenth birthday.' Old Miss Anne Neil
+claims she was born over dere de very night of de battle of Waterloo.
+And she would go on and 'low dat when de duke took her by de hand and
+led her up to de queen, him say: 'Your Majesty, dis young lady was
+born on de night of our great victory at Waterloo.'</p>
+
+<p>"My young mistress was named Miss Margaret. She married Marse
+Wade Brice. I was give to them when I was 'bout five years old and I
+went along with them to Woodward, S.C. My mammy was give to them, too,
+at de same time. Us lived in Marse Wade's quarter, to de east of de
+white folks' house. Dere was a row of log houses, 'bout ten I think.
+Mammy and me lived in one dat had two rooms. De chimney was made of
+sticks and mud, but de floor was a good plank floor. De bed was a wood
+bedstead wid a wheat straw tick. Dere was no windows to de house, so it
+was warm in de winter time and blue blazing hot in de summer time.</p>
+
+<p>"My white folks was mighty good to us; they fed us well. Us had
+wooden shoes and no clothes a-tall in de summer, 'cept a one-piece slip
+on. My mistress die 'bout a year after her marry, and then Marster Wade
+marry Miss Tilda Watson, a perfect angel, if dere ever was one on dis
+red earth. She take a liking to me right at de jump, on first sight.
+I nussed all her chillun. They was Walter, Ida, Dickey, Lunsford, Wade,
+Mike, and Wilson. Then I nussed some of her grandchillun. Mr. Brice
+Waters in Columbia is one of them grandchillun.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Wade went off to de war and got shot in de hip, but he
+jined de calvary (cavalry) soon after and was away when de Yankees come<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>
+through. De Yankees burned and stole everything on de place. They took
+off all de sheep, mules, and cows; killed all de hogs; cotch all de chickens,
+ducks and geese; and shot de turkeys and tied them to deir saddles as
+they left. De gin-house made de biggest blaze I ever has seen. Dere was
+short rations for all de white folks and niggers after dat day.</p>
+
+<p>"In 1870 I was still dere wid Marse Wade and Miss Tilda, when de
+devil come along in de shape, form, and fashion of a man. He was name Simon
+Halleg. I was young then, and a fool, when I married dat no 'count nigger.
+Us had two chillun, a boy, Allen, and a girl, Louise. Louise sickened and
+died befo' she was grown. Allen married and had one child, but him and de
+child are dead. My husband run away and left us.</p>
+
+<p>"About de time of de great cyclone, Miss Tatt Nicholson, a cousin of
+Miss Tilda, come down and took me to Chester, to be a maid at de Nicholson
+Hotel. I liked de work, but I got many a scare while I was dere. In them
+days every hotel had a bar where they would mix whiskey and lemons. Men
+could just walk up, put deir foots on de brass rail of de bar counter and
+order what they want, and pay fifteen cents a drink. Sometimes they would
+play cards all night in de bar. One night an old gent stopped his wagon,
+dat had four bales of cotton on it, befo' de hotel. He come in to get a
+drink, saw a game going on and took a hand. Befo' bed time he had lost
+all his money and de four bales of cotton outside.</p>
+
+<p>"No, I didn't work in slavery times. Chillun didn't have to work.
+De only thing I 'members doing was minding de flies off de table wid a
+brush made out of peacock tail-feathers.</p>
+
+<p>"All de slaves had to go to church at Concord twice every month and
+learn de Shorter Catechism. I has one of them books now, dat I used seventy-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>five
+years ago. Want to see it? (She exhibits catechism printed in 1840
+for slaves.)</p>
+
+<p>"I left de hotel and come back to Miss Tilda Brice. I married Jacob
+Stewart then, and he was a good man. Us had no chillun. He been gone to
+glory eight years, bless God.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir, I 'members de earthquake. It set a heap of people to
+praying dat night. Even de cows and chickens got excited. I thought de
+end of de world had come. I jined de Red Hill Baptist Church then, but
+my membership is now at de Cross Roads Baptist Church. Brother Wright, de
+pastor, comes to see me, as I'm too feeble to gallivant so far to church.</p>
+
+<p>"Dis house b'longs to Joe Rice. My nephew rents from him and is
+good enough, though a poor man, to take care of me.</p>
+
+<p>"Please do all you can to get de good President, de Governor, or
+somebody to hasten up my old age pension dat I'm praying for."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 24, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in48" id="in48"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born near old Bush River Baptist Church in Newberry<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>
+County, S.C. This was the white folks' church, but the
+colored folks have a Bush River church in that section now. I
+was grown when the war started. I was a slave of Bonny Floyd.
+He was a good man who owned several slaves and a big farm. I
+was the house-girl then, and waited on the table and helped
+around the house. I was always told to go to the white folks'
+church and sit in the gallery.</p>
+
+<p>"When the Patrollers was started there, they never did
+bother Mr. Bonny's slaves. He never had any trouble with them,
+for his slaves never run away from him.</p>
+
+<p>"The Ku Klux never come to our place, and I don't remember
+seeing them in that section.</p>
+
+<p>"We took our wheat to Singley's Mill on Bush River to be
+ground. We made all our flour and grain. We plowed with horses
+and mules.</p>
+
+<p>"I am an old woman, sick in bed and can't talk good; but
+glad to tell you anything I can."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Bettie Suber (96), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (5/18/37).</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>May 25, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in49" id="in49"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born on the Enoree River in Newberry County. Tom Price<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>
+was my master. I married Nathan Swindler when I was about grown. My
+father and mother was Dave and Lucy Coleman. I had a brother and
+several sisters. We children had to work around the home of our master
+'till we was old enough to work in de fields, den we would hoe
+and pick cotton, and do any kinds of field work. We didn't have much
+clothes, just one dress and a pair of shoes at a time, and maybe one
+change. I married in a ole silk striped dress dat I got from my mistress,
+Miss Sligh. We had no 'big-to-do' at our wedding, just married
+at home. In cold weather, I had sometimes, heavy homespun or
+outing dress. When Saturday afternoons come, we got off from work
+and do what we want. Some of us washed for de week. We had no schools
+and couldn't read and write. Sometimes we could play in our yards
+after work was over or on Saturday afternoons. On Christmas the master
+give us something good to eat. We didn't have doctors much, but
+de ole folks had cures for sickness. Dey made cherry-bark tea for
+chills and fever, and root-herb teas for fevers. Lots of chills and
+fevers then. To cure a boil or wart, we would take a hair from the
+tail of a horse and tie it tight around both sides of the sore place.
+I think Abe Lincoln was a great man, and Jeff Davis was a good man
+too. I think Booker Washington was a great man for de colored race.
+I like it better now than de way it was in slavery time."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Ellen Swindler (78), Newberry. S.C. Interviewed by:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C., May 20, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon,</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">MACK TAYLOR<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in50" id="in50"></a>EX-SLAVE 97 YEARS.</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Mack Taylor lives six miles southeast of Ridgeway, S.C., on his farm<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>
+of ninety-seven acres. The house, in which he resides, is a frame house containing
+six rooms, all on one floor. His son, Charley, lives with him. Charley
+is married and has a small family.</p>
+
+<p>"Howdy do sir! I sees you a good deal goin' backwards and forwards to
+Columbia. I has to set way back in de bus and you sets up to de front. I can't
+ketch you to speak to you, as you is out and gone befo' I can lay hold of you.
+But, as Brer Fox 'lowed to Brer Rabbit, when he ketched him wid a tar baby at
+a spring, 'I is got you now.'</p>
+
+<p>"I's been wantin' to ask you 'bout dis old age pension. I's been to
+Winnsboro to see 'bout it. Some nice white ladies took my name and ask me some
+questions, but dat seem to be de last of it. Reckon I gwine to get anything?</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I's been here mighty nigh a hundred years, and just 'cause I
+pinched and saved and didn't throw my money away on liquor, or put it into
+de palms of every Jezabel hussy dat slant her eye at me, ain't no valuable
+reason why them dat did dat way and 'joyed deirselves can get de pension and
+me can't get de pension. 'Tain't fair! No, sir. If I had a knowed way back yonder,
+fifty years ago, what I knows now, I might of gallavanted 'round a little
+more wid de shemales than I did. What you think 'bout it?</p>
+
+<p>"You say I's forgittin' dat religion must be thought about? Well, I can
+read de Bible a little bit. Don't it say: 'What you sow you sure to reap?'
+Yes, sir. Us niggers was fetched here 'ginst our taste. Us fell de forests
+for corn, wheat, oats, and cotton; drained de swamps for rice; built de dirt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+roads and de railroads; and us old ones is got a fair right to our part of
+de pension.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster, in slavery times, lived on de Wateree River. He had a
+large plantation and, I heard them say, four hundred slaves. He was a hard
+marster and had me whipped as many times as I got fingers and toes. I started
+workin' in de field when I was a boy fifteen years old. De work I done was
+choppin' de grass out of de cotton and pickin' de cotton. What's become of
+them old army worms dat had horns, dat us chillun was so scared of while
+pickin' cotton? I never see them dese days but I'd rather have them than dis
+boll weevil I's pestered wid.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster's name was Tom Clark. My mistress was a gentle lady, but
+field niggers never got to speak to her. All I can say is dat de house slaves
+say she was mighty good to them. I saw de chillun of de white folks often and
+was glad they would play wid us colored chillun. What deir names? Dere was
+Marse Alley, Marse Ovid, Marse Hilliard, and Miss Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>"Old marster got kilt in de last year of de war, and Miss Margaret,
+dat was our Mistress, run de place wid overseers dat would thrash you for
+all sorts of things. If they ketch you leanin' on your hoe handle, they'd
+beat you; step out of your task a minute or speak to a girl, they'd beat you.
+Oh, it was hell when de overseers was around and de mistress nor none of de
+young marsters was dere to protect you. Us was fed good, but not clothed so
+good in de winter time.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy didn't b'long to de Clarks at de commencement of de war. Old
+marster done sold him, 'way from us, to Col. Tom Taylor in Columbia. After de
+war, he run a shoe repair shop in Columbia many years befo' he died. His name
+was Douglas Taylor and dat is de reason I took de name, Mack Taylor, when I
+give in my name to de Freedman's Bureau, and I's stuck to it ever since.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I members de Yankees. Not many of them come to Miss Margaret's place.
+Them dat did, took pity on her and did nothing but eat, feed deir horses, and
+gallop away.</p>
+
+<p>"Us was never pestered by de Ku Klux, but I was given a warnin' once,
+to watch my step and vote right. I watched my step and didn't vote a-tall, dat
+year.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Franklin J. Moses was runnin' for governor. Colored preachers was
+preachin' dat he was de Moses to lead de Negroes out of de wilderness of corn
+bread and fat grease into de land of white bread and New Orleans molasses. De
+preachers sure got up de excitement 'mongst de colored women folks. They 'vised
+them to have nothin' to do wid deir husbands if they didn't go to de 'lection
+box and vote for Moses. I didn't go, and my wife wouldn't sleep wid me for six
+months. I had no chillun by her. She died in 1874. After Nancy die, I marry
+Belle Dawkins. De chillun us had was George, Charley, Maggie and Tommy. Then
+Belle died, and I married Hannah Cunningham. Us had no chillun. After she died,
+I marry a widow, Fannie Goings, and us had no chillun.</p>
+
+<p>"My son, George, is in Washington. My daughter, Maggie, is dead. Tommy
+was in Ohio de last I heard from him. I is livin' wid my son, Charley, on my
+farm. My grandson, Mack, is a grown boy and de main staff I lean on as I climb
+up to de hundred mile post of age.</p>
+
+<p>"I b'longs to de Rehovah Baptist Church. I have laid away four wives in
+deir graves. I have no notion of marryin' any more. Goodness and mercy have
+followed me all de days of my life, and I will soon take up dis old body and
+dwell in de house of de Lord forevermore."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">DELIA THOMPSON<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in51" id="in51"></a>EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"I's heard tell of you, and sent for you to come to see me.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>
+Look lak I can no more git 'bout on dese under pins lak I use to. Dere's
+de swing you can set in or chair right by me, now which you rather? I's
+glad you takes de chair, 'cause I can keep steady gaze more better on dat
+face of your'n. Lord! I been here in dis world a long time, so I has. Was
+born on de Kilgo place near Liberty Hill, don't know what county 'tis, but
+heard it am over twenty-five miles from dis town.</p>
+
+<p>"My old marster name Jesse Kilgo, so he was, and Mistress Letha
+Kilgo, dats his wife, good to him, good to me, good to everybody. My young
+mistress name Catherine, when her marry Marster Watt Wardlaw, I was give to
+them for a housemaid, 'cause I was trim and light complected lak you see I
+is dis very day a setting right here, and talking wid you. 'Members how
+'twas young missie say: 'You come go in my room Delia, I wants to see if I
+can put up wid you'. I goes in dat room, winter time mind you, and Miss
+Charlotte set down befo' de fire, cook one of them pretty foots on de dog,
+don't you ketch dat wrong, dat it was a lap dog which 'twasn't but one of
+de fire-dogs. Some persons calls them andy irons (andiron) but I sticks
+to my raisin' and say fire-dogs. Well, she allowed to me, 'Delia, put
+kettle water on de fire'. So I does in a jiffy. Her next command was:
+'Would you please be so kind as to sweep and tidy up de room'? All time
+turnin' dat lovely head of her'n lak a bird a buildin' her nest, so it was.
+I do all dat, then she say: 'You is goin' to make maid, a good one!' She
+give a silvery giggle and say: 'I just had you put on dat water for to see
+if you was goin' to make any slop. No, No! You didn't spill a drop, you<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+ain't goin' to make no sloppy maid, you just fine.' Then her call
+her mother in. 'See how pretty Delia's made dis room, look at them
+curtains, draw back just right, observe de pitcher, and de towels on
+de rack of de washstand, my I'm proud of her!' She give old mistress
+a hug and a kiss, and thank her for de present, dat present was me. De
+happiness of dat minute is on me to dis day.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy name Isom then, but when freedom come he adds on Hammond.
+His pappy was a white man, and no poor white trash neither. My mammy
+name Viny. Us live in a log house close up in de back yard, and most all
+time I was in de big house waiting on de white folks.</p>
+
+<p>"Did us git any 'ligion told us? Well, it was dis way, mistress
+talk heap to us 'bout de Lord, but marster talk a heap to us 'bout de
+devil. 'Twist and 'tween them, 'spect us heard most everything 'bout
+heaven and all 'bout de devil.</p>
+
+<p>"Yankees dat come to our house was gentleman, they never took a
+thing, but left provisions for our women folks from their commissary.</p>
+
+<p>"My first husband was Cupid Benjamin. My white folks give me a
+white dress, and they got de white Baptist preacher, Mr. Collins to do
+de grand act for us. Cupid turned out to be a preacher. Us had three
+chillun and every night us had family worship at home. I's been no common
+nigger all my life; why, when a child I set up and rock my doll just lak
+white chillun, and course it was a rag doll, but what of dat. Couldn't I
+name her for de Virgin Mary, and wouldn't dat name cover and glorify de
+rags? Sure it would! Then I 'sociate wid white folks all slavery time,
+marry a man of God and when he die, I marry another, Tom Thompson, a
+colored Baptist preacher. You see dat house yonder? Dats where my daugh<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>ter
+and grandchillun live. They is colored aristocracy of de town, but
+they has a mighty plain name, its just Smith. I grieve over it off and
+on, a kind of thorn in de flesh, my husband used to say. But both my
+husbands dead and I sets here twice a widow, and I wonders how 'twill be
+when I go home up yonder 'bove them white thunder heads us can see right
+now. Which one them men you reckon I'll see first? Well, if it be dat
+way, 'spect I'll just want to see Cupid first, 'cause he was de only one
+I had chillun by, and them his grandchillun out yonder."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">ROBERT TOATLEY<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in52" id="in52"></a>EX-SLAVE 82 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Robert Toatley lives with his daughter, his son, his son's wife,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>
+and their six children, near White Oak, seven miles north of Winnsboro, S.C.
+Robert owns the four-room frame house and farm containing 235 acres. He has
+been prosperous up from slavery, until the boll weevil made its appearance on
+his farm and the depression came on the country at large, in 1929. He has
+been compelled to mortgage his home but is now coming forward again, having
+reduced the mortgage to a negligible balance, which he expects to liquidate
+with the present 1937 crop of cotton.</p>
+
+<p>Robert is one of the full blooded Negroes of pure African descent.
+His face, in repose, possesses a kind of majesty that one would expect in beholding
+a chief of an African tribe.</p>
+
+<p>"I was born on de 'Lizabeth Mobley place. Us always called it
+'Cedar Shades'. Dere was a half mile of cedars on both sides of de road leading
+to de fine house dat our white folks lived in. My birthday was May 15,
+1855. My mistress was a daughter of Dr. John Glover. My master married her
+when her was twelve years old. Her first child, Sam, got to be a doctor, and
+they sho' did look lak brother and sister. When her oldest child, Sam, come
+back from college, he fetched a classmate, Jim Carlisle, wid him. I played
+marbles wid them. Dat boy, Jim, made his mark, got 'ligion, and went to de top
+of a college in Spartanburg. Marse Sam study to be a doctor. He start to practice
+and then he marry Miss Lizzie Rice down in Barnwell. Mistress give me to
+them and I went wid them and stayed 'til freedom.</p>
+
+<p>"My childhood was a happy one, a playin' and a rompin' wid de white<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>
+chillun. My master was rich. Slaves lived in quarters, 300 yards from de
+big house. A street run through the quarters, homes on each side. Beds was
+homemade. Mattresses made of wheat straw. Bed covers was quilts and counter-panes,
+all made by slave women.</p>
+
+<p>"My mammy's pappy was a slave brick-mason, b'longin' to a white
+family named Partillo, from Warrington, Virginia. He couldn't be bought 'less
+you bought his wife and three chillun wid him.</p>
+
+<p>"Never had any money; didn't know what it was. Mammy was a house
+woman, and I got just what de white chillun got to eat, only a little bit later,
+in de kitchen. Dere was fifty or sixty other little niggers on de place. Want
+to know how they was fed? Well, it was lak dis: You've seen pig troughs, side
+by side, in a big lot? After all de grown niggers eat and git out de way,
+scraps and everything eatable was put in them troughs; sometimes buttermilk poured
+on de mess and sometimes potlicker. Then de cook blowed a cow horn. Quick
+as lightnin' a passle of fifty or sixty little niggers run out de plum bushes,
+from under de sheds and houses, and from everywhere. Each one take his place,
+and souse his hands in de mixture and eat just lak you see pigs shovin' 'round
+slop troughs. I see dat sight many times in my dreams, old as I is, eighty-two
+years last Saturday.</p>
+
+<p>"'Twas not 'til de year of '66 dat we got 'liable info'mation and felt
+free to go where us pleased to go. Most of de niggers left but mammy stayed
+on and cooked for Dr. Sam and de white folks.</p>
+
+<p>"Bad white folks comed and got bad niggers started. Soon things got
+wrong and de devil took a hand in de mess. Out of it come to de top, de carpet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>bag,
+de scalawags and then de Ku Klux. Night rider come by and drap something
+at your door and say: 'I'll just leave you something for dinner'. Then ride
+off in a gallop. When you open de sack, what you reckon in dere? Liable to
+be one thing, liable to be another. One time it was six nigger heads dat was
+left at de door. Was it at my house door? Oh, no! It was at de door of a
+nigger too active in politics. Old Congressman Wallace sent Yankee troops,
+three miles long, down here. Lot of white folks was put in jail.</p>
+
+<p>"I married Emma Greer in 1879; she been dead two years. Us lived husband
+and wife 56 years, bless God. Us raised ten chillun; all is doin' well.
+One is in Winnsboro, one in Chester, one in Rock Hill, one in Charlotte, one
+in Chesterfield, one in New York and two wid me on de farm near White Oak,
+which I own. I has 28 grandchillun. All us Presbyterians. Can read but
+can't write. Our slaves was told if ever they learned to write they'd lose
+de hand or arm they wrote wid.</p>
+
+<p>"What 'bout whuppin's? Plenty of it. De biggest whuppin' I ever heard
+tell of was when they had a trial of several slave men for sellin' liquor at
+da spring, durin' preachin', on Sunday. De trial come off at de church 'bout
+a month later. They was convicted, and de order of de court was: Edmund to
+receive 100 lashes; Sam and Andy each 125 lashes and Frank and Abram 75 lashes.
+All to be given on deir bare backs and rumps, well laid on wid strap. If de
+courts would sentence like dat dese days dere'd be more 'tention to de law.</p>
+
+<p>"You ask me 'bout Mr. Lincoln. I knowed two men who split rails side
+by side wid him. They was Mr. McBride Smith and Mr. David Pink. Poor white
+people 'round in slavery time had a hard tine, and dese was two of them.</p>
+
+<p>"My white folks, de Mobleys, made us work on Sunday sometime, wid de
+fodder, and when de plowin' git behind. They mighty neighborly to rich neighbors
+but didn't have much time for poor buckra. I tell you poor white men have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>
+poor chance to rise, make sump'n and be sump'n, befo' de old war. Some of
+dese same poor buckra done had a chance since then and they way up in 'G'
+now. They mighty nigh run de county and town of Winnsboro, plum mighty nigh
+it, I tell you. It makes me sad, on de other side, to see quality folks befo'
+de war, a wanderin' 'round in rags and tatters and deir chillun beggin' bread.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I mus' be goin', but befo' I goes I want to tell you I 'members
+your ma, Miss Sallie Woodward. Your grandpa was de closest neighbor and fust
+cousin to Dr. Sam. Deir chillun used to visit. Your ma come down and spen'
+de day one time. She was 'bout ten dat day and she and de chillun make me
+rig up some harness for de billy goat and hitch him to a toy wagon. I can
+just see dat goat runnin' away, them little chillun fallin' out backside de
+wagon and your ma laughin' and a cryin' 'bout de same time. I picks her up
+out de weeds and briars."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 25, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in53" id="in53"></a>SLAVERY REMINISCENCES</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"I was born in the town of Newberry, S.C. I do not remember<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+slavery time, but I have heard my father and mother talk
+about it. They were Washington and Polly Holloway, and belonged
+to Judge J.B. O'Neall. They lived about 3 miles west of town,
+near Bush River. An old colored man lived nearby. His name was
+Harry O'Neall, and everybody said he was a miser and saved up
+his money and buried it near the O'Neall spring. Somebody dug
+around there but never found any money. There were two springs,
+one was called 'horse spring', but the one where the money was
+supposed to be buried had a big tree by it.</p>
+
+<p>"I married Sam Veals, in 'gravel town' of Newberry. I had
+a brother, Riley, and some sisters.</p>
+
+<p>"We would eat fish, rabbits, 'possums and squirrels which
+folks caught or killed. We used to travel most by foot, going
+sometimes ten miles to any place. We walked to school, three or
+four miles, every day when I was teaching school after the war.
+I was taught mostly at home, by Miss Sallie O'Neall, a daughter
+of Judge J.B. O'Neall.</p>
+
+<p>"My father and mother used to go to the white folks'
+church, in slavery time. After the war colored churches started.
+The first one in our section was Brush Harbor. Simon Miller
+was a fine colored preacher who preached in Brush Harbor on
+Vandalusah Spring Hill. Isaac Cook was a good preacher. We
+used to sing, 'Gimme dat good ole-time religion'; 'I'm going
+to serve God until I die' and 'I am glad salvation is free'.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Saturday afternoons we had 'off' and could work for
+ourselves. At marriages, we had frolics and big dinners. Some
+of the games were: rope jumping; hide and seek, and, ring around
+the roses. Of course, there were more games.</p>
+
+<p>"Some of the old folks used to see ghosts, but I never
+did see any.</p>
+
+<p>"Cures were made with herbs such as, peach tree leaves,
+boiled as a tea and drunk for fevers. Rabbit tobacco (life everlasting)
+was used for colds. Small boys would chew and smoke it,
+as did some of the old folks.</p>
+
+<p>"I have seven children, all grown; fourteen grand-children,
+and several great-grand-children.</p>
+
+<p>"Judge O'Neall was one of the best men and best masters
+in the country that I knew of. I think Abraham Lincoln was a good
+man, according to what I have heard about him. Jeff Davis was the
+same. Booker Washington was a great man to his country and served
+the colored race.</p>
+
+<p>"I joined the church because I believe the bible is true,
+and according to what it says, the righteous are the only people
+God is pleased with. Without holiness no man shall see God."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">Source: Mary Veals (72), Newberry, S.C. Interviewed by:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 20, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Oct. 21, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in54" id="in54"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"I don't own no house. I live in a rented house. Yes, I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>
+work fer my living. I don't 'member much 'bout slavery except what
+I heard my daddy and mammy say. My pa was Washing Holloway and my ma
+was Polly Holloway. Dey belonged to Judge O'Neall, and lived at his
+place 'bout three miles from town, near Bush River.</p>
+
+<p>"Judge O'Neall's house was real old, and dey had a store near
+it called Springfield, a kind of suburb at dat time.</p>
+
+<p>"After de war, we didn't have much clothes, 'cause everything
+was so high. Judge O'Neall died befo' de war was over, and his wife
+went to Mississippi to live wid her married daughter. After de war,
+Miss Sallie, who was Judge O'Neall's daughter, learn't me to read
+and write, and other things in books.</p>
+
+<p>"My father and mother went to de white folks' church in
+slavery time. After de war, de negroes built deir first church and
+called it a 'brush arbor'. A negro preacher named Simon Miller was
+a good man and done lots of good when he preached in de brush arbor.
+Dis was on de old Banduslian Springs hill, near de south fork of
+Scotts Creek."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Mary Veals (73), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (9/30/37).</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in55" id="in55"></a>MANDA WALKER<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 80 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Manda Walker lives with her son-in-law, Albert Cooper, in a three-room<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>
+frame cottage in Winnsboro, S.C. Albert's first wife was her daughter,
+Sallie. Five of their children and Albert's second wife, Sadie, occupy the
+house with Albert and Manda.</p>
+
+<p>"Does you know where Horse Crick (Creek) branch is, and where Wateree
+Crick is? Ever been 'long de public road 'tween them water courses? Well, on
+de sunrise side of dat road, up on a hill, was where my slavery time marster
+live.</p>
+
+<p>"I was born in de yard, back of de white folks' house, in a little log
+house wid a dirt floor and a stick and mud chimney to one end of de house. My
+marster was name Marse Tom Rowe and my mistress name Missy Jane Rowe. They de
+ones dat tell me, long time ago, dat I was born befo' de war, in 1857. Deir
+chillun was Miss Mary and Miss Miami.</p>
+
+<p>"I no work much 'til de end of de war. Then I pick cotton and peas and
+shell corn and peas. Most of de time I play and sometime be maid to my young
+misses. Both growed into pretty buxom ladies. Miss Miami was a handsome buxom
+woman; her marry Marse Tom Johnson and live, after de war, near Wateree Church.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy name Jeff and b'long to Marse Joe Woodward. He live on a plantation
+'cross de other side of Wateree Crick. My mammy name Phoebe. Pappy have
+to git a pass to come to see mammy, befo' de war. Sometime dat crick git up over
+de bank and I, to dis day, 'members one time pappy come in all wet and drenched
+wid water. Him had made de mule swim de crick. Him stayed over his leave dat
+was writ on de pass. Patarollers (patrollers) come ask for de pass. They say:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>
+'De time done out, nigger.' Pappy try to explain but they pay no 'tention to
+him. Tied him up, pulled down his breeches, and whupped him right befo' mammy
+and us chillun. I shudder, to dis day, to think of it. Marse Tom and Miss
+Jane heard de hollerin' of us all and come to de place they was whuppin' him
+and beg them, in de name of God, to stop, dat de crick was still up and dangerous
+to cross, and dat they would make it all right wid pappy's marster. They
+say of pappy: 'Jeff swim 'cross, let him git de mule and swim back.' They make
+pappy git on de mule and follow him down to de crick and watch him swim dat swif'
+muddly crick to de other side. I often think dat de system of patarollers and
+bloodhounds did more to bring on de war and de wrath of de Lord than anything
+else. Why de good white folks put up wid them poor white trash patarollers I
+never can see or understand. You never see classy white buckra men a paterrollin'.
+It was always some low-down white men, dat never owned a nigger in deir life,
+doin' de patarollin' and a strippin' de clothes off men, lak pappy, right befo'
+de wives and chillun and beatin' de blood out of him. No, sir, good white men
+never dirty deir hands and souls in sich work of de devil as dat.</p>
+
+<p>"Mammy had nine chillun. All dead 'cept Oliver. Him still down dere
+wid de Duke Power Company people, I think. When I come sixteen years old, lak
+all gals dat age, I commence to think 'bout de boys, and de boys, I 'spects,
+commence to take notice of me. You look lak you is surprised I say dat. You
+is just puttin' on. Old and solemn as you is, a settin' dere a writin', I bets
+a whole lot of de same foolishness have run through your head lak it run through
+Jerry's, when he took to goin' wid me, back in 1873. Now ain't it so?</p>
+
+<p>"Us chillun felt de pivations (privations) of de war. Us went in rags
+and was often hungry. Food got scarce wid de white folks, so much had to be
+given up for de army. De white folks have to give up coffee and tea. De slaves<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>
+just eat corn-bread, mush, 'taters and buttermilk. Even de peas was commanded
+for de army. Us git meat just once a week, and then a mighty little of dat.
+I never got a whuppin' and mammy never did git a whuppin'.</p>
+
+<p>"Us all went to Wateree Presbyterian Church on Sunday to hear Mr.
+Douglas preach. Had two sermons and a picnic dinner on de ground 'tween de
+sermons. Dat was a great day for de slaves. What de white folks lef' on de
+ground de slaves had a right to, and us sure enjoy de remains and bless de
+Lord for it. Main things he preached and prayed for, was a success in de end
+of de war, so mammy would explain to us when us 'semble 'round de fireside befo'
+us go to bed. Her sure was a Christian and make us all kneel down and say two
+prayers befo' us git in bed. De last one was:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Now I lay me down to sleep,<br />
+I pray de Lord my soul to keep.<br />
+If I should die befo' I wake,<br />
+I pray de Lord my soul to take.<br />
+Bless pappy, bless mammy,<br />
+Bless marster, bless missie,<br />
+And bless me. Amen!'
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Wheeler's men was just as hard and wolfish as de Yankees. They say de
+Yankees was close behind them and they just as well take things as to leave all
+for de Yankees. 'Spect dat was true, for de Yankees come nex' day and took de
+rest of de hog meat, flour, and cows. Had us to run down and ketch de chickens
+for them. They search de house for money, watches, rings, and silverware. Took
+everything they found, but they didn't set de house afire. Dere was just 'bout
+five of them prowlin' 'round 'way from de main army, a foragin', they say.</p>
+
+<p>"When Miss Margaret marry, old marster sold out and leave de county.
+Us move to Mr. Wade Rawls' and work for him from 1876 to Jerry's death. Is I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>
+told you dat I marry Jerry? Well, I picked out Jerry Walker from a baker's
+dozen of boys, hot footin' it 'bout mammy's door step, and us never had a
+cross word all our lives. Us had nine chillun. Us moved 'round from pillar
+to post, always needy but always happy. Seem lak us never could save anything
+on his $7.06 a month and a peck of meal and three pounds of meat a week.</p>
+
+<p>"When de chillun come on, us try rentin' a farm and got our supplies
+on a crop lien, twenty-five percent on de cash price of de supplies and paid in
+cotton in de fall. After de last bale was sold, every year, him come home wid
+de same sick smile and de same sad tale: 'Well, Mandy, as usual, I settled up
+and it was&mdash;'Naught is naught and figger is a figger, all for de white man and
+none for de nigger.'</p>
+
+<p>"De grave and de resurrection will put everything all right, but I have
+a instinct dat God'll make it all right over and up yonder and dat all our 'flictions
+will, in de long run, turn out to our 'ternal welfare and happiness."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in56" id="in56"></a>NED WALKER<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Ned Walker lives in the village of White Oak, near Winnsboro, S.C.,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>
+in a two-room frame house, the dwelling of his son-in-law, Leander Heath, who
+married his daughter, Nora. Ned is too old to do any work of a remunerative
+character but looks after the garden and chickens of his daughter and son-in-law.
+He is a frequent visitor to Winnsboro, S.C. He brings chickens and
+garden produce, to sell in the town and the Winnsboro Hill's village. He is
+tall, thin, and straight, with kind eyes. Being one of the old Gaillard Negroes,
+transplanted from the Santee section of Berkeley County, in the Low Country, to
+the red hills of Fairfield County, in the Up Country, he still retains words and
+phrases characteristic of the Negro in the lower part of South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, I's tall and slim lak a saplin'; maybe dat a good reason
+I live so long. Doctor say lean people lives longer than fat people.</p>
+
+<p>"I hear daddy read one time from de Bible 'bout a man havin' strength
+of years in his right hand and honor and riches in his left hand, but whenever
+I open dat left hand dere is nothin' in it. 'Spect dat promise is comin' tho',
+when de old age pension money gits down here from Washington. When you 'spect
+it is comin'? De palm of my hand sho' begin to itch for dat greenback money.
+So you think it's on de way? Well, thank God for dat but it seem 'most too
+good to be true. Now I'll quit askin' questions and just set here and smoke
+and answer, whilst you do de puttin' down on de paper.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, I was born right here in de southeast corner of Winnsboro,
+on de Clifton place. De day I was born, it b'long to my master, David Gaillard.
+Miss Louisa, dats Master David's wife, 'low to me one day, 'Ned don't you ever<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>
+call de master, old master, and don't you ever think of me as old miss'.
+I promise her dat I keep dat always in mind, and I ain't gonna change,
+though she done gone on to heaven and is in de choir a singin' and a singin'
+them chants dat her could pipe so pretty at St. Johns, in Winnsboro.
+You see they was 'Piscopalians. Dere was no hard shell Baptist and no
+soft shell Methodist in deir make up. It was all glory, big glory, glory
+in de very highest rung of Jacob's ladder, wid our white folks.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, how I is ramblin'. You see dere was Master David and Mistress
+Louisa, de king bee and de queen bee. They had a plantation down on
+de Santee, in de Low Country, somewhere 'bout Moncks Corner. One day Master
+David buy a 1,385 acres on Wateree Creek. He also buy de Clifton place, to
+live in, in Winnsboro. I can't git my mind back to tell you what I wants
+for you to put on de paper. 'Scuse me, forgit everything, 'til you git my
+pedigree down.</p>
+
+<p>"I done name Master David and Mistress Louisa. Now for de chillun.
+Us was told to front de boys name wid Marse and de young ladies name wid Miss.
+Now us can go and git somewhere.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, dere was Miss Elizabeth; she marry Mr. Dwight. Miss Maria
+marry another Mr. Dwight. Miss Kate marry Mr. Bob Ellison, a sheriff. Her
+got two chillun in Columbia, Marse David and Marse DuBose Ellison. Then for
+de boys; they all went to de war. Marse Alley got kilt. Marse Dick rise to
+be a captain and after de war marry Congressman Boyce's daughter, Miss Fannie.
+Marse Ike marry and live in de Low Country; he die 'bout two years ago. Marse
+Sam marry a Miss DuBose and went wid General Wade Hampton.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Sam's son cut a canal that divide half and half de western
+part of de whole world. Us niggers was powerful scared, 'til Marse David
+Gailliard took a hold of de business. Why us scared? Why us fear dat de<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>
+center of de backbone of de world down dere, when cut, would tipple over
+lak de halfs of a watermelon and everybody would go under de water in de
+ocean. How could Marse David prevent it? Us niggers of de Gaillard generation
+have confidence in de Gaillard race and us willin' to sink or swim
+wid them in whatever they do. Young Marse David propped de sides of de
+world up all right, down dere, and they name a big part of dat canal,
+Gaillard Cut, so they did. (Gaillard Cut, Panama Canal)</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I keep a ramblin'. Will I ever git to Marse Henry, de
+one dat looked after and cared for slaves of de family most and best? Marse
+Henry marry a Miss White in Charleston. He rise to be captain and adjutant
+of de fightin' 6th Regiment. After de war him fix it so de slaves stay altogether,
+on dat 1,385 acres and buy de place, as common tenants, on de
+'stallment plan. He send word for de head of each family to come to Winnsboro;
+us have to have names and register. Marse Henry command; us obey.
+Dat was a great day. My daddy already had his name, Tom. He was de driver
+of de buggy, de carriage, and one of de wagons, in slavery. Marse Henry
+wrote him a name on a slip and say: 'Tom as you have never walked much,
+I name you Walker.'</p>
+
+<p>"It wasn't long befo' daddy, who was de only one dat could read
+and write, ride down to Columbia and come back wid a 'mission in his pocket
+from de 'Publican Governor, to be Justice of de Peace.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Henry ladle out some 'golliwhopshus' names dat day. Such
+as: Caesar Harrison, Edward Cades and Louis Brevard. He say, 'Louis, I
+give you de name of a judge. Dan, I give you a Roman name, Pompey.' Pompey
+turned out to be a preacher and I see your grandpa, Marse William Woodward,
+in de graveyard when Uncle Pompey preached de funeral of old Uncle Wash Moore.
+Tell you 'bout dat if I has time.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Well, he give Uncle Sam de name of Shadrock. When he reach
+Uncle Aleck, he 'low: 'I adds to your name Aleck, two fine names, a
+preacher's and a scholar's, Porter Ramsey.' 'Bout dat time a little runt
+elbow and butt his way right up to de front and say: 'Marse Henry, Marse
+Henry! I wants a big bulldozin' name.' Marse Henry look at him and say:
+'You little shrimp, take dis then.' And Marse Henry write on de slip of
+paper: Mendoza J. Fernandez, and read it out loud. De little runt laugh
+mighty pleased and some of them Fernandezes 'round here to dis day.</p>
+
+<p>"My mammy name Bess, my granddaddy name June, grandmamny, Renah,
+but all my brothers dead. My sisters Clerissie and Phibbie am still livin'.
+Us was born in a two-story frame house, chimney in de middle, four rooms
+down stairs and four up stairs. Dere was four families livin' in it. Dese
+was de town domestics of master. Him have another residence on de plantation
+and a set of domestics, but my daddy was de coachman for both places.</p>
+
+<p>"De Gaillard quarters was a little town laid out wid streets wide
+'nough for a wagon to pass thru. Houses was on each side of de street. A
+well and church was in de center of de town. Dere was a gin-house, barns,
+stables, cowpen and a big bell on top of a high pole at de barn gate. Dere
+was a big trough at de well, kept full of water day and night, in case of
+fire and to water de stock. Us had peg beds, wheat straw mattress and rag
+pillows. Cotton was too valuable.</p>
+
+<p>"Master didn't 'low de chillun to be worked. He feed slaves on
+'tatoes, rice, corn pone, hominy, fried meat, 'lasses, shorts, turnips,
+collards, and string beans. Us had pumpkin pie on Sunday. No butter, no
+sweet milk but us got blabber and buttermilk.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, then, I 'bout to forgit. Dere was a big hall wid spinnin'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>
+wheels in it, where thread was spin. Dat thread was hauled to Winnsboro
+and brought to de Clifton place in Winnsboro, to de weave house. Dat house
+set 'bout where de Winnsboro Mill is now. Mammy was head of de weave house
+force and see to de cloth. Dere was a dye-room down dere too. They use red
+earth sometime and sometime walnut stain. My mammy learn all dis from a
+white lady, Miss Spurrier, dat Master David put in charge dere at de first.
+How long she stay? I disremembers dat. Us no want for clothes summer or
+winter. Had wooden bottom shoes, two pair in a year.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Sam Johnson was de overseer. Dere was 'bout 700 slaves in de
+Gaillard quarter and twenty in town, countin' de chillun. De young white
+marsters break de law when they teach daddy to read and write. Marse Dick
+say: 'To hell wid de law, I got to have somebody dat can read and write
+'mong de servants.' My daddy was his valet. He put de boys to bed, put on
+deir shoes and brush them off, and all dat kind of 'tention.</p>
+
+<p>"De church was called Springvale. After freedom, by a vote, de members
+jines up, out of respect to de family, wid de Afican Methodist 'Piscopalian
+Church, so as to have as much of de form, widout de substance of them chants,
+of de master's church.</p>
+
+<p>"No sir, us had no mulattoes on de place. Everybody decent and happy.
+They give us two days durin' Christmas for celebratin' and dancin'.</p>
+
+<p>"I marry Sylvin Field, a gal on de General Bratton Canaan place. Us
+have three chillun. Nora Heath, dat I'm now livin' wid, at White Oak, Bessie
+Lew, in Tennessee, and Susannah, who is dead.</p>
+
+<p>"What I think of Abe Lincoln? Dat was a mighty man of de Lord. What
+I think of Jeff Davis? He all right, 'cordin' to his education, just lak my white
+folks. What I think of Mr. Roosevelt? Oh, Man! Dat's our papa.</p>
+
+<p>"Go off! I's blabbed 'nough. You 'bliged to hear 'bout dat funeral?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>
+Will I pester you for 'nother cigarette? No sir! I ain't gonna smoke
+it lak you smoke it. Supposin' us was settin' here smokin' them de same?
+A Gaillard come up them steps and see us. He say: 'Shame on dat white
+man', turn his back and walk back down. A Woodward come up them steps
+and see us. He say: 'You d&mdash; nigger! What's all dis?' Take me by de
+collar, boot me down them steps, and come back and have it out wid you.
+Dat's 'bout de difference of de up and low country buckra.</p>
+
+<p>"Now 'bout Uncle Wash's funeral. Uncle Wash was de blacksmith
+in de forks of de road 'cross de railroad from Concord Church. He was a
+powerful man! Him use de hammer and tongs for all de people miles and
+miles 'round. Him jine de Springvale Afican Methodist 'Piscopalian Church,
+but fell from grace. Him covet a hog of Marse Walt Brice and was sent to
+de penitentiary for two years, 'bout dat hog. Him contacted consumption
+down dere and come home. His chest was all sunk in and his ribs full of
+rheumatism. Him soon went to bed and died. Him was buried on top of de
+hill, in de pines just north of Woodward. Uncle Pompey preached de funeral.
+White folks was dere. Marse William was dere, and his nephew, de Attorney
+General of Arizona. Uncle Pompey took his text 'bout Paul and Silas layin'
+in jail and dat it was not 'ternally against a church member to go to jail.
+Him dwell on de life of labor and bravery, in tacklin' kickin' hosses and
+mules. How him sharpen de dull plow points and make de corn and cotton
+grow, to feed and clothe de hungry and naked. He look up thru de pine tree
+tops and say: 'I see Jacob's ladder. Brother Wash is climbin' dat ladder.
+Him is half way up. Ah! Brudders and sisters, pray, while I preach dat
+he enter in them pearly gates. I see them gates open. Brother Wash done
+reach de topmost rung in dat ladder. Let us sing wid a shout, dat blessed
+hymn, 'Dere is a Fountain Filled Wid Blood'.' Wid de first verse de women<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>
+got to hollerin' and wid de second', Uncle Pompey say: 'De dyin' thief
+I see him dere to welcome Brother Wash in paradise. Thank God! Brother
+Wash done washed as white as snow and landed safe forever more.'</p>
+
+<p>"Dat Attorney General turn up his coat in de November wind and
+say; 'I'll be damn! Marse William smile and 'low: 'Oh Tom! Don't be
+too hard on them. 'Member He will have mercy on them, dat have mercy on
+others'."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>Stiles M. Scruggs</b><br />
+<b>Columbia, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in57" id="in57"></a>DANIEL WARING<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born in Fairfield County, South Carolina, in 1849, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+my parents, Tobias and Becky Waring was slaves of the Waring family, and
+the Bookters and Warings was kin folks. When I was just a little shaver
+I was told I b'longed to the family of the late Colonel Edward Bookter of
+upper Fairfield County.</p>
+
+<p>"The Bookter plantation was a big one, with pastures for cattle,
+hogs and sheep; big field of cotton, corn and wheat, and 'bout a dozen
+Negro families livin' on it, mostly out of sight from the Bookter's big
+house. Two women and three or four Negro chillun work there, preparin' the
+food and carin' for the stock. I was one of the chillun. Colonel Bookter's
+household had three boys; one bigger than me and two not quite as big as me.
+We play together, drive up the cows together, and carry on in friendly fashion
+all the time. The nigger chillun eat with the two black women in a place fixed
+for them off from the kitchen, after the white folks finish. We generally
+have same food and drink that the white folks have.</p>
+
+<p>"When I was 'bout eleven years old my master took me to Columbia one
+Saturday afternoon, and while Colonel Bookter was 'round at a livery stable
+on Assembly Street, he give me some money and tell me I could stroll 'round
+a while. I did, and soon find myself with 'bout a dozen of Master Hampton's
+boys. As we walk 'long Gervais Street, we met a big fine lookin' man with
+a fishin' tackle, goin' towards the river, and several other white folks was
+with him. As we turn the corner, the big man kinda grin and say to us: 'Whose
+niggers are you?' The bigger boy with us say: 'We all b'longs to Master Hampton.'
+He laugh some more and then reach in his pocket and give each one of us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>
+a nickel, sayin' to the white folks: 'Blest if I know my own niggers,
+anymore'.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, I was 'bout fourteen years old when President Lincoln
+set us all free in 1863. The war was still goin' on and I'm tellin' you
+right when I say that my folks and friends round me did not regard freedom
+as a unmixed blessin'.</p>
+
+<p>"We didn't know where to go or what to do, and so we stayed right
+where we was, and there wasn't much difference to our livin', 'cause we had
+always had a plenty to eat and wear. I 'member my mammy tellin' me that
+food was gittin' scarce, and any black folks beginnin' to scratch for themselves
+would suffer, if they take their foot in their hand and ramble 'bout
+the land lak a wolf.</p>
+
+<p>"As a slave on the plantation of Colonel Edward Bookter, I had a
+pretty good time. I knows I has work to do and I does it, and I always has
+plenty to eat and wear in winter and summer. If I get sick I has a doctor,
+so we set tight until 1865. After the war we come to Columbia, and mammy
+made us a livin' by washin' for white folks and doin' other jobs in the
+kitchen, and I worked at odd jobs, too.</p>
+
+<p>"We didn't get much money from the Freedmen's outfit, which was
+'stablished in Columbia. The white men who set it up and administered the
+Freedmen's funds and rations let some of their pets have much of it, while
+others got little or nothin'. An' existence become increasin' harder as
+nigger got more and more in the saddle.</p>
+
+<p>"During the war, and it seem to me it would never end, we heard
+much 'bout President Lincoln. Niggers seem to think he was foolish to get
+into war, but they generally give him credit for directin' it right as far
+as he could. President Davis was powerful popular at the beginnin' of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+conflict, but his popularity was far less when the war is over and
+he is in jail.</p>
+
+<p>"I was 'most grown at the end of the war, and I was at no
+time popular with the black leaders and their white friends who rule
+the roost in Columbia for 'most thirteen years. I went back to my
+white friends in Fairfield County and work for years for Mister T.S.
+Brice, and others on the plantation.</p>
+
+<p>"I has been married three times, and am now livin' with my
+third wife. She and me am makin' a sort of livin', and is yet able to
+work. I can only do de lightest work and the sweetest thought I has these
+days is the memory of my white friends when I was young and happy."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, June 2, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in58" id="in58"></a>NANCY WASHINGTON<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 104 years.</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Come in child. Jes set right dere in dat chair whey I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>
+c'n be mindful uv yuh cause I ain' hear but sorta hard lak
+dese days. I jes come in outer de field whey I been chopping
+'round uh little wid me hoe, but eve't'ing is grow so black
+'fore me eye dat I t'ink I better rest meself uh little. I
+tries to help Sam (her son) aw I c'n, but I ain' mucha 'count
+no more. I 104 year old en I ain' gwinna be heah much longer.
+Me mark done strak (strike) me right dere dis a'ternoon. Dat
+been jes de way my ole mammy waz call."</p>
+
+<p>"Does yah know whey dat place call Ash Pole? Dat whey I
+wuz raise up when I b'long to Massa Giles Evanson. He wuz uh
+good ole fellow. I ain' know wha' it wuz to ge' no bad treatment
+by my white people. Dey tell me some uv de colored peoples
+lib mighty rough in dat day en time but I ne'er know nuthin 'bout
+dat. I 'member dey is spank we chillun wid shingle but dey ne'er
+didn't hit my mudder."</p>
+
+<p>"My Massa ne'er hab so mucha colored peoples lak some uv dem
+udder white folks hab. Jes hab my mudder en eight head uv we
+chillun. Hab 'nough to gi'e eve'yone uv he daughter uh servant
+apiece when dey ge' marry. Ne'er hab nuthin but women colored
+peoples. My Massa say he ain' wan' no man colored peoples."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"De preacher Ford, wha' use'er lib right up dere in
+town, papa hab uh big ole plantation wha' been jes lak
+uh little town. He hab hundred colored peoples en dey
+is hab eve't'ing dere. Hab dey preachin' right dere on
+de plantation en aw dat."</p>
+
+<p>"Coase my white folks hab uh nice plantation en dey
+keep uh nice house aw de time. I wuz de house girl dere
+en de one wha' dey'ud hab to wait on de Missus. Dey'ud
+carry me eve'ywhey dey go. Al'ays know how I wuz faring.
+My Missus wuz big en independent lak. Talk lak she mad
+aw de time, but she warnt. She ne'er wear no cotton 'bout
+dere no time. Hab her silk on eve'y day en dem long yellow
+ear bob dat'ud be tetchin right long side she shoulder. I
+al'ays look a'ter de Missus en she chillun. Wash dey feet
+en comb dey hair en put de chillun to bed. But child, some
+white folks is queer 'bout t'ings. Dey watch yuh gwine 'bout
+yuh work en den dey'll wan' yuh to do sumptin fa dem. De ole man
+take me 'way from helping de Missus en send me out to plow
+corn en drap peas. I wuz shame too cause I ne'er lak fa he
+to treat my Missus dat uh way."</p>
+
+<p>"De peoples ne'er didn't cook in no stove den neither.
+Dey hab big ole round dirt ubben (oven) to cook dey ration in.
+Dey make dey ubben outer white clay en hadder build uh shelter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>
+over it cause dey'ud cook outer in de yard. Dey ne'er
+cook but jes twice uh week. Cook on Wednesday en den
+ne'er cook no more till Saturday. I 'member de big ole
+ham dat dey cook en de tatoes en so mucha bread. Jes hab
+'bundance aw de time. I got uh piece uv de ole slavery
+time ubben heah now. I ge' it outer en show it to yuh.
+Dis is one uv de leads (lids) en dey'ud put uh chain en
+hook on dere en hang it up in de fireplace. Dat de way
+dey cook dey ration. O Lawd, ef I could ge' back to my
+ole home whey I could look in en see jes one more time,
+jes one more time, child."</p>
+
+<p>"I wuz jes uh girl when de Yankees come t'rough dere.
+Dey look jes lak uh big blue cloud comin' down dat road
+en we chillun wuz scared uv em. Dat land 'round 'bout dere
+wuz full uv dem Yankees marchin' en gwine on. Dey ne'er
+bother my white folks but in some uv de places dey jes ruint
+eve't'ing. Burnt up en tore down aw 'bout dere."</p>
+
+<p>"Yuh ain' ne'er see nobody weave no cloth nowadays. In
+de winter dey use'er al'ays put woolen on de little chillun
+to keep em from getting burnt up. Peoples wuz easy to cotch
+uh fire in dat time. Dey hab plenty uv sheep den en dis jes
+'bout de time uv de year dat dey shear de sheep. Al'ays'ud
+shear de sheep in de month uv May. Dey is make aw kinder
+nice cloth den. I c'n charge en spin en make any kinder
+streak yuh wan'. Coase my mudder use'er weave de jeanes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+cloth en blanketing."</p>
+
+<p>"Dey use'er hab some uv dem corn-shucking 'bout dere
+but I ne'er take no part in none uv dat. A'ter freedom
+declare, us pull boxes en dip turpentine. Dat wha' wuz
+in de style den."</p>
+
+<p>"I won' but 'bout 16 when I marry en I hab uh nice
+wedding. Marry right dere in my Massa yard en hab white
+swass dress to wear. I marry uh settled man offen uh rich man
+plantation en dey ne'er wan' me to marry, but dey ne'er
+say nuthin 'gainst it. Dey hab good manners den en
+manners de t'ing dat carry peoples t'rough anyt'ing,
+child."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Nancy Washington, age 104, colored, Dusty Hills,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Marion, S.C. (Personal interview, May 1937).</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in59" id="in59"></a>CHARLEY WATSON<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 87 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Dis is a mighty hot day I tells you, and after climbing them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>
+steps I just got to fan myself befo' I give answer to your questions.
+You got any 'bacco I could chaw and a place to spit? Dis old darkie
+maybe answer more better if he be allowed to be placed lak dat at de
+beginnin' of de 'sperience.</p>
+
+<p>"Where was I born? Why right dere on de Hog Fork Place, thought
+everybody knowed dat! It was de home place of my old Marster Daniel Hall,
+one of de Rockefellers of his day and generation, I tells you, he sho was.
+My pappy had big name, my marster call him Denmore, my mammy went by de
+name of Mariyer. She was bought out of a drove from Virginny long befo'
+de war. They both b'long to old marster and bless God live on de same
+place in a little log house. Let's see; my brother Bill is one, he livin'
+at de stone quarry at Salisbury, North Carolina. My sister Lugenie marry
+a Boulware nigger and they tells me dat woman done take dat nigger and make
+sumpin' out of him. They owns their own automobile and livin' in Cleveland,
+Ohio.</p>
+
+<p>"Us live in quarters, two string of houses a quarter mile long and
+just de width of a wagon road betwixt them. How many slaves marster had?
+Dere was four hundred in 1850, dat was de year I was born, so allowing for
+de natural 'crease, 'spect dere was good many more when freedom come. Our
+beds was made of poles and hay or straw. Was my marster rich? How come
+he wasn't? Didn't he have a Florida plantation and a Georgia plantation?
+Didn't us niggers work hard for our vittles and clothes? It make me laugh
+de way de niggers talk 'bout eight hours a day. Us worked by de 'can and
+de can't system'. What way dat you ask me? Well, was dis way; in de mornin'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>
+when it git so you can see, you got to go to work and at night when it
+git so dark you can't see you ceasted to work. You see what I mean?
+My marster's white overseer 'dopted de 'can and can't system' of work
+hours. My mammy had to plow same as a man, she did sir. Sometimes
+they pulled fodder and fooled wid it on Sunday.</p>
+
+<p>"You is a pushin' me a little too fast. Let me gum dis 'bacco
+and spit and I can do and say more 'zackly what you expect from me. My
+marster had sheep, goats, mules, horses, stallion, jackass, cows and hogs,
+and then he had a gin, tan yard, spinnin' rooms, weave room, blacksmith
+shop and shoe shop. Dere was wild turkeys on de place, deer in de cane brakes
+and shad in de Catawba River. De Indians fetch their pots and jars to sell,
+and peddlers come to big house wid their humps on their backs and bright yards
+of calico and sich things de missus lak to feel and s'lect from. I see money
+then, but I never see a nigger wid money in his paws in slavery time, never!</p>
+
+<p>"Us was fed good on corn meal, hog meat, milk, butter, 'lasses,
+turnips, beans, peas and apples, never hungry. Boss whip me once for fightin'
+and I never fought anymore, I tells you.</p>
+
+<p>"My mistress name Miss Sarah. Her was a Hicklin befo' she marry.
+Their chillun was: Tom, Billie, Dan and Jason, all dead 'cept Marster Jason.
+De white overseer was Strother Ford. He give de slaves down the country maybe
+sometimes, so heard them say, but I didn't see him.</p>
+
+<p>"Did us sing? Yes sir. What us sing? One was what I's gwine hist
+right dis minute and sing wid your lieve. (Here Charley sang, 'Give me dat old
+time religion'.)</p>
+
+<p>"Us made 'simmon beer sometime and lye soap just 'bout in de same way,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>
+hopper was 'rected for dat. 'Simmons was put wid locust; hickory ashes
+was used to make soap. Every Christmas us got ginger cake and sassafras
+tea.</p>
+
+<p>"Doctor Scott was de doctor for de slaves. Us niggers was mighty
+sad when his son Willie's gun went off by accident and kill him in 1868.
+De Doctor never smile again after dat cumbustion of dat gun. Does you
+'member de time Mr. Till Dixon was drowned? He your uncle? 'Twas de
+fourth of July, I 'member dat day, and a boy Freddie Habbernick was
+drowned in Catawba in 1903. Dat river take a many soul over dat other
+shore, I tells you."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>S-260-264-N</b><br />
+<b>Project 935</b><br />
+<b>Samuel Addison</b><br />
+<b>Richland County</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in60" id="in60"></a>EX-SLAVE 91 YEARS OLD, CONGAREE, SOUTH CAROLINA<br /><br />
+<span class="under">THERE WAS NO GOD BUT MOSSA AN' MISSUS</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"My pa name was Nat White who tell me dat I was bo'n about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>
+1842. My ma was name Jane White. My pa use to carry all de votes
+from McClellanville to Charleston. He come from Tibbin, South Carolina.
+He also been all 'round de United States. My Ma's Ma bin name
+Kate. I had sense to know 'em all.</p>
+
+<p>"I know a heap o' sojus had on nice buttons an' had plumes in
+dere hats. Dey wus singin' an' playin' on a flute dis song, 'I wish
+I wus in Dixie,' an' dey went in de big house an' broke up ebery
+thing. Dey say to me, 'you are as free as a frog,' an' dey say to
+my pa, 'all your chillun are free.' Dey say 'little niggers is free
+as a frog' an' we holler much.</p>
+
+<p>"I aint nebber do no work, but I kin 'member I use to wear a
+pant you call chambery. Ma cook a pot o' peas an' weevils wus always
+on de top. Ma would den turn mush an' clean a place on de floor,
+she make a paddle an' we eat off de floor. She use to bake ash cake
+too. I didn' know 'bout no garden, all I know I eat. Dis what dey
+put on me I wear em. I nebber know nothin' 'bout shoes.</p>
+
+<p>"My master been name Bill Cooper who had a gal an' a son. De
+gal been name Mary an' de boy Bill like de daddy.</p>
+
+<p>"Tarbin wus a big house, but I aint nebber know de number o'
+slaves or 'mount o' lan' dat went wid um.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"De slaves had a church name Lazarus an' some went to de
+white church. Dey had us bar off frum de whites an' we use to look
+t'rough a glass door. I member when a preacher say, 'honor your
+missus an' mossa dat your days may be long for dey is your only God.'
+My Ma tell me when dey use to lick dem she use to sing dis song,
+'do pray for me' en ma say w'en de lickin' got too hot she say 'oh
+God' en mossa say, 'show me dat damn man', den he say, 'I am your
+only God. My preacher name wus Sabie Mood.</p>
+
+<p>"De slaves couldn't git any news, but dey had to work on Sunday
+if de week bin bad. W'en it rain dey use to shuck co'n.</p>
+
+<p>"W'en Bill Cooper die he holler to me, 'I'm burnin' up' an'
+ma say missus say, 'iron me too hot, she meat is red like fire.'</p>
+
+<p>"We use to sing song like dese;</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Mary bring de news an' Martha win de prize.<br />
+I mus die an' will die in dat day<br />
+See dat oars like feathers springing'<br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"I marry Sarah on December 18th. Him de only one I marry
+an' we had a big weddin' an' plenty o' somethin' to eat. We had fourteen
+chillun.</p>
+
+<p>"Pa say mossa use to take de fork an' punch holes in
+dere body w'en he got mad. People always die frum de pisin.</p>
+
+<p>"Dis is all I know I ain't go tell no lie, dat what
+pa say, I moved here atter de yankees come."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Reference;<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Uncle Dave White,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">91 years old</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Congaree, South Carolina.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>S-260-264-N</b><br />
+<b>Project 1885</b><br />
+<b>Laura L. Middleton</b><br />
+<b>Charleston, S.C.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>No. Words: 452</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in61" id="in61"></a>UNCLE DAVE WHITE<br /><br />
+<span class="under">An Old Time Negro</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>Uncle Dave White, one of the waning tribe lives in a simple homestead down a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span>
+dusty and wind-swept curved country lane on the out skirt of McClenville, forty miles
+North of Charleston rests the simple shanty of David White, aged Negro, affectionally
+known to the Negro and white population for many miles around as "uncle Dave".</p>
+
+<p>His quiet unadulterated mode of living and his never changing grateful disposition
+typifies the true Southern Negro of pre-Civil War days; a race that was commonplace
+and plentiful at one time, but is now almost extinct, having dwindled in the face
+of more adequate educational facilities.</p>
+
+<p>His homestead, resembling a barn more than a place to live in. To protect the
+house against the hazardous affects of imperilling winds, long poles are made to prop
+the somewhat dilapidated shanty.</p>
+
+<p>A visit to his home, one dark and dreary day in late December, found him as
+usual in the best of spirits. He welcomed the visitors with a cordiality that would
+rival the meeting of two long lost friends. The front has no main entrance; the main
+door is around the back. There are conspicuous displays of many ancient burlap bags,
+heavy laden, hanging from high rafters, which contained corn and peanuts.</p>
+
+<p>"But why not keep them in your barn, Uncle Dave!" one would ask.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, suh, I keep mah co'n and grain nuts in yuh so mak eye can sta' on 'em,"
+he replies.</p>
+
+<p>A further inspection of the premises revealed other precautions he had taken
+against the unwelcomed guests; a crude lock on each door and many other precautionary
+measures convicted, that he was willing to take no unnecessary chances at having
+his worldly goods stolen.</p>
+
+<p>His age is truly a matter of conjecture. The more you look at him the more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>
+uncertain you become. His droopy carriage and shriveled feature betray you at first
+sight. The first impression will lead one to believe that he is about one hundred
+years of age, and later it will appear that he is not that old.</p>
+
+<p>We had known "uncle Dave" for a long time; for years it had been a familiar
+sight to see him trudging the streets of the town with burlap bags thrown across his
+shoulders containing such household necessities as grits, salt, sugar, etc., and such
+articles as the house wives would give him out of sheer sympathy. To every friendly
+greeting he always had the humble response of "Tank Gawd, my eye is open."</p>
+
+<p>He is well known throughout the town. One Sunday night a short time ago,
+while the services of a white church were in progress, distinguishable sounds of Amen
+were heard at regular intervals coming from the outside. On investigating they discovered
+that it was "uncle Dave" reverently enjoying the proceedings. Many times he has
+been seen outside the same church listening to the services.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">SOURCE</span></p>
+<p>Interview with (Mrs.) Minnie Huges, age 43, 179 Spring Street, welfare worker.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1655</b><br />
+<b>Martha S. Pinckney</b><br />
+<b>Charleston, S.C.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<br />
+<b>Approx. <span class="under">637</span> words</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><span class="under"><a name="in62" id="in62"></a>INTERVIEW WITH EX-SLAVE</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Everybody in the town of Mt. Pleasant, Christ Church Parish (across<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span>
+the Bay from Charleston) knows "Tena White, the washer," "Tena, the cook,"
+"Maum Tena" or "Da Tena, the nurse"&mdash;the same individual, accomplished in
+each art, but best as a nurse.</p>
+
+<p>The house where Tena lives is the second in a row of Negro houses. The
+writer, calling from the gate, was answered by Tena, a middle-sized woman
+of neat figure. As the writer ascended the steps a friendly cur wagged
+itself forward and was promptly reproved by Tena, who placed a chair, the
+seat of which she wiped carefully with her dress. The piazza was clean
+and on the floor a black baby slept on a folded cloth, with a pillow under
+its head. The writer was soon on friendly terms with Maum Tena, and was
+told: "As soon as my eye set on you, I see you favor the people I know. My
+people belonged to Mr. William Venning. The plantation was Remley Point.
+I couldn't zactly member my pa's name. I member when de war come though.
+Oh dem drum; I nebber hear such a drum in my life! De people like music;
+dey didn't care nothing bout de Yankees, but dem bands of music! My mother
+name Molly Williams. My pa dead long before that. All my people dead. I
+stayin' here with my youngest sister chile&mdash;youngest son. He got seven
+head ob chillun."</p>
+
+<p>"I can do anything&mdash;wash or cook&mdash;aint no more cook though. Oh yes"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>
+and her eyes sparkled, "I know how to cook de turkey, and de ham wid de
+little brown spots all over de top. Nobody can collec' my soup for me;
+I first go choose my soup bone. One wid plenty richness. My chile say,
+'While my Tena live I wouldn't want nobody else.' But I couldn't take
+de sponsibility now."</p>
+
+<p>"Maum Tena, how many children did you have?"</p>
+
+<p>"Maggie an Etta an Georgie an Annie, etc., etc." so fast and so many
+that one couldn't keep up.</p>
+
+<p>"Wait, Maum Tena. How many were there in all&mdash;your own children?"</p>
+
+<p>"I nebber had a chile."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, those were the children you nursed."</p>
+
+<p>"I marry twice. Caesar Robson an Aleck White."</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever sing spirituals?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, I nebber had time."</p>
+
+<p>"But you sang lullabies to the children."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, I sing someting to keep de chile quiet."</p>
+
+<p>"Where is your church, Maum Tena?"</p>
+
+<p>"De Methodist Church right here. I know I got for die some day. He
+keep me distance,<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> but when I look an see my flesh, I tenk de Lord for ebbery
+year what pass on my head. Taint my goodness, tis His goodness. Nothing
+but the pureness of heart will see Him."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Tena was shocked and disgusted at the idea of the Lord being a "black
+man." She said with perfect certainty that he was "no such."</p>
+
+<p>"We all goin to de same Heaven, and there aint no black people there."</p>
+
+<p>The writer asked Tena her age; before she could answer, her great-niece
+came to the door and said, "She eighty-eight." Tena was indignant.
+Her eyes flashed. "I aint goin to hab nobody come along puttin down my
+age what dunno anyting about it. I ought to be as high as nine. Let um be
+as high as nine."<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></p>
+
+<p>"If I didn't been round de house wid white people I wouldn't hab dis
+opportunity today, an dey good to me an gib me nuf to keep my soul an body
+together. My mother raise me right. When de Yankee come through we been
+at Remley Point. My Ma took care ob me. She shut me up and she gard me.
+De Yankee been go in de colored people house, an dey mix all up, an dey do
+jus what dey want. Dey been brutish.</p>
+
+<p>"De beautiful tureen, stand so high and hab foot so long" lifting her
+hands, "an all de beautiful ting smash up, an all de meat an ham in de smoke
+house de stribute um all out to de people, an de dairy broke up, an de horse
+an de cow kill. Nothin leave. Scatter ebberyting. Nothin leave."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Tena White, Mt. Pleasant, Christ Church Parish, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Age: Approximately 90.</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2">BILL WILLIAMS<br /><br />
+<span class="under"><a name="in63" id="in63"></a>EX-SLAVE 82 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Bill Williams lives on the Durham place, nine miles east of Winnsboro,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>
+S.C., on the warm charity of Mr. Arthur M. Owens, the present owner. He is
+decrepit and unable to work.</p>
+
+<p>"I was born a slave of old Marster John Durham, on a plantation 'bout
+five miles east of Blackstock, S.C. My mistress name Margaret. Deir chillun
+was Miss Cynthia, Marse Johnnie, Marse Willie and Marse Charnel. I forgits de
+others. Then, when young Marse Johnnie marry Miss Minnie Mobley, my mammy, Kizzie,
+my daddy, Eph, and me was give to them. Daddy and mammy had four other chillun.
+They was Eph, Reuben, Winnie and Jordan. Us live in rows of log houses, a
+path 'twixt de two rows. Us was close to de spring, where us got water and mammy
+did de white folks washin' every week. I kep' de fires burnin' 'round de pots,
+so de water would keep boilin'. Dat's 'bout all de work I 'members doin' in slavery
+time. Daddy was a field hand and ploughed a big red mule, name Esau. How
+many slaves was dere? More than I could count. In them days I couldn't count up
+to a hundred. How, then, I gonna kno' how many dere was? You have to ask somebody
+else. I'll just risk sayin' dere was big and little ones, just a little drove of
+them dat went to de field in cotton pickin' time, a hollerin' and a singin' glory
+hallelujah all day long, and pick two bales a day.</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Johnnie and Miss Minnie mighty good marster and mistress to deir
+slaves. We had good rock chimneys to our houses, plank floors, movable bedsteads,
+wid good wheat straw ticks, and cotton pillows. Other folks' slaves was complainin'
+'bout dirt floors in de houses, boards to sleep on, no ticks, and rags for pillows.
+Us got flour bread and 'lasses on Sunday, too, I'm here to tell you.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"They sho' fetch dat catechism 'round on Sunday and telled you who made
+you, what Him make you out of, and what Him make you for. And they say dat from
+de crown of your head to de top of your big toe, de chief end of every finger and
+every toe, even to de ends of your two thumbs, was made to glorify de Lord! Missus
+more 'ticular 'bout dat catechism than de marster. Her grandpa, old Marster John
+Mobley was a great Baptist. After de crops was laid by, every August, him visit
+his granddaughter. While dere, he take de slaves and dam up de branch, to make a
+pond for to pool de water. Then he take to de hill just 'bove, cut down pine tops,
+and make a brush arbor to hold de prachin' in. 'Vite white preachers, Mr. Cartledge,
+Mr. Mellichamp or Mr. Van, to come hold a 'vival for all de slaves in and 'round and
+'bout de country. I's seen 27 go down and come up out dat pool, a splashin' water
+from deir faces, one Sunday evenin'. A terrible thing happen one time at de baptism.
+It was while de war was gwine on. Marse Johnnie had come back from Virginia,
+on a furlough for ten days. Old Marse John come to see him and fetch Rev. Mr. Cartledge
+wid him. People was pow'ful consarned 'bout 'ligion 'long 'bout dat time.
+Me and all de little slave boys jined dat time and dere was a little boy name Ike,
+a slave of old Doctor John Douglas, dat jined. Him was just 'bout my age, seven
+or eight years old. After him jined, him wanna back out of goin' down into de water.
+Dat evenin', after dinner, us was all dressed in a kind of white slip-over gown for
+de occasion. When it come Ike's time to receive de baptism, him was led by his mammy,
+by de hand, to de edge of de water and his hand given to de preacher in charge,
+who received him. Then he commenced: 'On de confession&mdash;&mdash;'. 'Bout dat time
+little Ike broke loose, run up de bank, and his mammy and all de slaves holler:
+'Ketch him! Ketch him!' Old Marse John holler: 'Ketch him!' They ketch little
+Ike and fetch him back to old Marse John and his mammy. Marse John explain to him
+dat it better to have water in de nose, now, than fire in de soul forever after.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>
+Little Ike say nothin'. His mammy take his hand and lead him to de preacher de
+same way her did befo'. Little Ike went down into de water. Preacher take him
+but when little Ike got down under dat water, de preacher lose de hold and bless
+God, in some way little Ike got 'twixt and 'tween de preacher's legs and comin'
+out behind him, turnt him sommersets and climb out on de bank a runnin'. Little
+Ike's mammy cry out: 'Ketch him! Ketch him!' Old marster say: 'No let him go
+to de devil. Thank de Lord him none of our niggers anyhow. Him just one of Dr.
+Douglas' Presbyterians niggers dat's destined to hell and be damned, I reckon."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in64" id="in64"></a>JESSE WILLIAMS<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>At the end of one of the silent streets of west Chester, S.C., that prolongs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>
+itself into a road leading to the Potter's Field and on to the County Poorhouse,
+sets a whitewashed frame cottage. It has two rooms, the chimney in the
+center providing each with a fireplace. A porch, supported by red cedar posts,
+fronts the road side. In this abode lives Jesse Williams with his daughter,
+Edna, and her six children. Edna pays the rent, and is a grenadier in the warfare
+of keeping the wolf from the door.</p>
+
+<p>"You say I looks pretty old? Well, you's right 'bout de old part but I's
+far 'way from de pretty part. I got a hand glass in my house and when I shaves
+on Sunday mornin's, I often wonders who I is. I doesn't look lak me. My best
+friend couldn't say I got much on looks, but my old dog rap his tail on de floor
+lak he might say so, if him could speak.</p>
+
+<p>"I's been off and on dese streets of Chester for eighty-three years. I
+was born a slave of Marse Adam C. Walker and my old miss was Mistress Eliza, dat's
+his wife.</p>
+
+<p>"My pappy name Henry and mammy name Maria. I can see them plowin' in de
+field right now. Mammy plowin' same as pappy and me runnin' 'long behind, takin'
+de dirt off de cotton plants where de twister plow turnt de clods on de plants.
+Then, when dat cotton field git white and red wid blooms in summer and white agin
+in de fall, I have to shoulder my poke and go to de field and pick dat cotton. I
+'members de fust day dat I pick a hundred pounds. Marse Adam pull out a big flat
+black pocket-book and gived me a shinplaster, and say: 'Jesse, ever time your basket
+h'ist de beam of de steelyards to 100, you gits a shinplaster.' I make eighty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>
+cents dat year but I have to git up when de chickens crow for day and git in
+de field when de dew was heavy on de cotton. Does I think dat was cheatin'?
+Oh, no sir! I wasn't 'ceivin' old marster. Him wink at dat, and take a pound
+off for dew. I'd a made more money but they took me out de field in November,
+to drive de mules to de hoss-gin. Dat was play work, just a settin' up dere
+and poppin' de whip.</p>
+
+<p>"Marster live in a big two-story, eight-room house. De kitchen was out
+from de house. After Christmas, dat year, I was house boy and drive de buggy
+for Miss Eliza when her want to go visitin'. I was fed well and spent my money
+for a knife, candy, and firecrackers.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster and missus have chillun. They was Peter, Jerry, Miss Elnora,
+and Miss Sallie, dat I play wid in slavery time.</p>
+
+<p>"De Yankees didn't come as far up as Chester. They branched off down 'bout
+Blackstock, took de sunrise side of dat place and march on 'cross Catawba River,
+at Rocky Mount. I stay on wid Marse Adam and Miss Eliza, after freedom. I marry
+a handsome gal. Yes, sir, she dark but not too shady. I harks back to them days,
+as I sets here in dis rocker a talkin' to you. Did I tell you her name? Her name
+just suit her. Not Jane, Polly, Mag, Sallie, and de lak of dat! Them was too
+common for her. Her name Catherine, dat just fit her. Us have ten chillun and
+her and all them 'cept me and three chillun done gone over to Jordan. Dere was
+just one thing 'bout Catherine dat I's dubious 'bout. She lak to dance, and I
+was too clumsy for to ever cut a double shuffle. I 'spect I cut a poor figure
+at de frolics us went to. Does you think burnin' a candle for her would do any
+good at dis late day? Why I ask you dat? Well, I has heard them say dat white
+folks does dat sometimes for deir gone-on ones. My daughter, Edna say: 'It
+might do you good and it could do mama no harm.' I b'longs to Mount Moriah Church
+in dis very town of Chester. De preacher am Rev. Alexander. He 'low it was superstition
+to burn dat candle but if I live I's gwine to light one nex' Christmas.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Us had a good marster and mistress. They was big buckra, never 'sociate
+wid poor white trash. They wore de red shirt. De time come 'round when they
+send me to Marse Will Harden and he pass me on to go see Marse Judge Mackey,
+who live here then. Did I know Judge Mackey? Sho' I did! While he was a settin'
+up dere on de bench in de court house, he have all de people laughin'. One
+time de father of Marse W.B. Lindsey beat up a Radical nigger and de case come
+up befo' him for trial. Great 'citement 'bout it, over de whole county. Court
+house packed dat day. Solicitor rise and say: 'Please your honor, de 'fendant,
+Lindsey, put in a plea of guilty.' You might have heard a breast feather of a
+chicken fall, so very still was de people in dere, though de niggers and 'publicans
+was a grinning wid joy. Then Judge Mackey 'low: 'Let de 'fendant stand
+up.' Wid a solemn face and a solemn talk, him wound up wid: 'Derefore, de
+court sentence you to de State Penitentiary at hard labor for a period of ten
+years (Then him face light up, as he conclude), or pay a fine of one dollar!'
+De white folks holler: 'Three cheers for Judge Mackey!' De judge git up and
+bow, and say: 'Order in de court.' As dere was no quiet to be got, clerk
+'journed de court. De judge take his silk beaver hat and gold headed cane and
+march out, while de baliffs holler: 'Make way! Make way for de honorable judge!'
+Everybody took up dat cry and keep it up long as de judge was on de streets. Oh,
+how dat judge twirl his cane, smile, and strut.</p>
+
+<p>"Did I ever see a spirit? 'Spect I has and I sho' have felt one more than
+once. 'Spect I was born wid a caul over my eyes. When de last quarter of de
+moon come in de seventh month of a seventh year, is de most time you see spirits.
+Lyin' out in de moon, befo' daybreak, I's smelt, I's heard, I's seed and I's felt
+Catherine's spirit in de moon shadows. I come nigh ketchin' hold of her one night,
+as I wake up a dreamin' 'bout her but befo' I could set up, I hear her pass 'way,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>
+through de treetops dat I was layin', dreamin' under.</p>
+
+<p>"Then another time, I was settin' here 'bout four o'clock in de moonlight
+a lookin' 'cross de street to de town hall. I see sumpin' rise and jump upon
+dat rock a lyin' dere 'ginst de town hall. It was de figger of a man. Who it
+was I don't know, though they de call de rock de 'Aaron Burr Rock', 'cause he
+made a speech standin' on dat rock, long befo' I was born. De people in de
+library can tell you 'bout dat speech. Maybe Dr. Lathan tell you 'bout it.
+Him ninety-five years old dis last past twelfth day of May and knows all 'bout
+de days dat are gone.</p>
+
+<p>"I live wid my daughter, Edna, and I just can make it back dere from de
+post office every day."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code: Folk-Lore</b><br />
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>May 26, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in65" id="in65"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Aunt Mary Williams stated she remembered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+slavery times, for she was a girl large enough to walk four
+miles to go to work "while slavery was on". She said Mr.
+Alfred Brown used to own her mother, but she was raised by
+Mrs. Margaret Taylor who used to live where the oil mill is
+now, below Arkwright Mills. Her father was owned by Mr.
+Simpson Bobo and drove his horse for him. She stated she
+was a good hoe-hand, but didn't pick cotton, as Mr. Brown
+didn't raise any cotton, just raised something to eat.</p>
+
+<p>She said her master was a kind man,
+didn't allow any "paterollers" on his place, yet she had
+seen other slaves on other plantations with bloody backs
+and arms from the whippings they got. When asked why they
+were whipped, she replied, "Just because their masters could
+whip them; they owned them and could do what they wanted to
+them". Her master didn't allow any whipping on his place.
+One time he kept a slave from another plantation who was
+fleeing the "paterollers" on his place and in his own house
+until he was set free.</p>
+
+<p>"I'se got the looking glasses and the thimble
+my great-grandmother used to use when she worked. She was a
+good weaver and a good sewer. She made a man an overcoat once,
+but didn't get but $1.25 for it; she made a pair of men's
+breeches and got fifty cents for making them. They didn't
+get nothing for making clothes in those days".<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>She remembered when the Yankee soldiers came
+into Spartanburg. She said they took all they could get,
+stole something to eat, just went into the stores and took
+liquor and handed it out drink by drink to the other soldiers.
+Aunt Mary stated she saw Abe Lincoln when he came through
+Spartanburg; said he was armed himself and had soldiers all
+around him. He told the colored folks who seemed scared of
+him that he wasn't going to hurt anybody, not to be scared
+of him. (Here she must have confused Lincoln with some one
+else, probably Colonel Palmer, who commanded a detachment
+in pursuit of Jefferson Davis, which stopped over-night in
+Spartanburg in April, 1865. FK.)</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Aunt Mary Williams, 391 Cudd St., Spartanburg, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.3em;">Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1655</b><br />
+<b>Genevieve W. Chandler</b><br />
+<b>Georgetown County, S.C.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>FOLKLORE</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in66" id="in66"></a>EX-SLAVE STORY<br /><br />
+UNCLE WILLIS WILLIAMS</h3>
+
+
+<p>"When wuz I born? Born in August. When I wuz born been August. I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>
+wuz a man grown pulling boxes, (turpentine boxes) when the shake wuz. I
+know the very night the shake come&mdash;&mdash;on a Wednesday night. I wuz on
+door step loosing my shoe string. There wuz more religion then than they
+is now. Praying and prayer meeting for a month. Everybody tend meeting.</p>
+
+<p>"I been with the Yankee. I kin tell you bout the Yankee. They come
+home there to Rock Creek when the war wuz breaking up and carried me to
+Fayetteville. (N.C.) Kept me with 'em till Johnson surrendered in Raleigh,&mdash;&mdash;then
+they kept me in Goldsboro and took me on to Petersburg. After
+everything over they give me free transportation back home. Free on train
+back to Fayetteville. They had put all the Yankee clothes on me,&mdash;&mdash;all
+the blue shirt, blue coat and bumps on the shoulder,&mdash;and when they start
+me home took all the Yankee clothes way from me. Put gray clothes on me and
+sent me back. I member they took me up in a way-up-yonder building&mdash;to
+Richmond. Couldn't tell you the depth of it. Man on the ground looked like
+boy.</p>
+
+<p>"The man I belonged to been Mass John A. Williams. (Born on the Cape
+Fear.) I goes by Mass John name&mdash;Williams. His sons been John, James,
+Charlie, Wallis, William, James. James come home from army sick. Had the
+mumps; thirty days furlough.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Member when the Yankees come. Been Sunday morning. Ride up to the
+gate on horses. Old Boss happened to come out and walk to the lot. I
+happened to be at gate. They took his watch out his pocket, his pistol&mdash;had
+it girded to him&mdash;and took all he whiskey and catch chickens and
+guinea and take them all. Then they gone in the lot and took two breeding
+mares and hitch them in wagon and loaded wagon full o' corn. Then they took
+the two carriage horses and hitched to carriage, and gone to smoke-house,
+and fill that carriage full of all Mass John sides of meat and ham and
+shoulders. I been following and watching to see what all they going to take,
+and a soldier looked at me and say,</p>
+
+<p>"'Come on little Nigger! Wanter go?'</p>
+
+<p>"And I done like another fool! I rode off behind the two brood mares,
+on the corn, and where they rested that night, I rested right there.</p>
+
+<p>"It was mighty cold up there. I suffered a heap in the cold fore I
+got back home. They give me a horse,&mdash;saddled and bridled,&mdash;and a
+little bayonet gun. Put me on that horse to drive cattle. Tell me to take
+all I see. Didn't except nobody cattle. Night come put 'em in pasture&mdash;put
+'em in anybody field&mdash;on the oats, rye, wheat.</p>
+
+<p>"Sometimes rain sho fall.&mdash;Had to tend that bunch of cattle rain
+or no rain. Didn't kill one beef and stop! (Kill) FOUR beeves a day. Go
+out git the hog and kill 'em. Skin 'em. Didn't scald 'em and clean 'em like<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>
+we do. Just eat the ham. Rest throw way. Gone to Wilmington, Fayetteville,
+Rookfish and Beaver Creek.</p>
+
+<p>"General Sherman? Has I hear bout him? I SEEN him! He had a big
+name but he warn't such a big man; he was a little spare made man. I
+member now when I seed him the last time. He had two matched horses going
+down to Petersburg. Six guards riding by the side of his turnout. Oh my
+God, what clothes he had on! He was dressed down in finest uniform.</p>
+
+<p>"When I leave the Yankee they give me $35.00 in money. I been so
+fool had never seen no green back. Throwed it away eating crackers and
+peanuts. And I bought some brogan shoes. If I'd a helt on to that, I'd a
+been some body today.</p>
+
+<p>"I members it was Sunday morning that General Johnson throwed up his
+hand at Raleigh. Done with the war!</p>
+
+<p>"Before Freedom I have a good enough time. Just lay round the house
+and wait on my boss. When Freedom come and I did have to get out and work it
+most kill me!</p>
+
+<p>"After Freedom my mother wash for family to Beaver Creek. And after
+Freedom my father went to working on shares. Old Maas John called 'em up
+and tell 'em,</p>
+
+<p>"'You free, Asa. You free, Lewis. You free, Handy. You free, Wash.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>
+You can do as you please. You have to fadge for yourself now.'</p>
+
+<p>"Mass John Williams had four hundred slaves. He was a man had the
+colored people. He didn't work all on his own plantation. He'd hire
+out his people to work turpentine.&mdash;&mdash;Put 'em out for so much a year.
+He'd give 'em blanket, suit, coat, pants. First of the year come, Boss
+would collect wages for all he hire out.</p>
+
+<p>"That there my second wife. You know how a man is. How many wife
+I had? Two or three. Lemme see! (Looking at present wife) You is one!
+You the last one! Fust one been Jinny Lind. Next one been Mary Dickson.
+And Caressa Pyatt been one! And there been another one! I forgot that
+woman name! Got it in my mouth and can't call it! I'll call the name of
+them others I take up with in a little while! One was Caline; one was Tissue;
+(Tisha?) I take them a little while and if they didn't do to suit me, I put
+'em out! Some I didn't stay with long nuff to find out they name! Jinny
+Lind sister was Tissue. Jinny Lind gone, try her sister. Just a 'make out'.
+If they didn't do to suit me, I'd give 'em the devil and put 'em out.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't know bout beating woman. Some say that bout,</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Woman, dog, cypress knee<br />
+more you beat'em the better they be!'
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"But some woman, the more you beat 'em the worse the devil gets in 'em.
+Get so they won't 'GEE' nor 'HAW'.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"When I was house boy for old Mass John, waiting on white people,
+that was the best and easiest time I ever had. Ever Satdy drive Mass John
+to Fayetteville. Ever Satdy they'd think that store belong to me! I'd eat
+lumps of brown sugar out the barrel, candy, crackers. Did as I please then;
+NOW do as I kin!</p>
+
+<p>"'Ways of woman and ways of snake deeper than the sea!' I take that
+to mean&mdash;&mdash;mighty few can tell by the trail of a snake whether its coming
+or going&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I hear story bout the rabbit and the fox&mdash;all them old things&mdash;Some
+times my mind franzy. Been break up too much! Break two ribs to the
+lumber mill. Jump out a cart one day and run a ten penny nail through my
+foot. That lay me up two months. Some mean people ketch me up by that tree
+yonder with a car and that lay me up sixty-five days. They pick me up for
+dead that time. All that make my mind get franzy sometimes. Come and go&mdash;Come
+and go."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: Uncle Willis Williams. Age, 89 to 90 years old. Conway, S.C.
+(Horry County).</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>May 25, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in67" id="in67"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was a Garmany before I married Calvin Wilson. My<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>
+father was Henry Garmany, and my mother Sidney Boozer. My
+husband was in the Confederate army with his master. Dey was
+near Charleston on de coast. I was slave of Lemuel Lane, of
+de Dutch Fork. He was killed after de war, some say by some
+of his young slaves, but we'uns did not know naything about
+who killed him. We had a good house to live in on Marse Lane's
+plantation. I used to work around the house and in de fields.
+My mother was a good seamstress and helped de white folks sew,
+and she learn't me to sew had help too. We didn't get any
+money for our work. One time after de war, dey paid me only
+$5.00 and I quit 'em. My mother hired me out to work for her,
+and I didn't have any money, still; so I said I better get me
+a man of my own. Marse Lane was mean to most of us, but good
+to me. He whipped me once and I deserved it because I wouldn't
+answer him when he called me. He jes' give me about two licks.
+He was mean to my mother, but he wouldn't let his white overseer
+whip us, and wouldn't let de padder-rollers come around.
+He said he could look-out for his own slaves.</p>
+
+<p>"We didn't learn to read and write, but some of de white
+folks had learned my mother, and she learned me some.</p>
+
+<p>"Niggers had to go to church at New Hope, de white folks'
+church, in slavery time and after de war too. We had Saturday
+afternoons to do what we wanted, and we washed clothes then.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"On Christmas, Marse would give de slaves some good
+things to eat and send some to dere families. Niggers had
+frolics at dere houses sometimes on Saturday nights. When I
+married, I had a good hot supper.</p>
+
+<p>"Children played all de ole games like, play-ball (throwing
+over the house), marbles and base.</p>
+
+<p>"Some saw ghosts, but I never saw any of dem.</p>
+
+<p>"Old-time cures was peach tree leaves boiled and drunk
+for fever; wild cherry bark was good for most anything if took
+at night. I have used it for curing some things. The best cure
+I know, is turpentine and a little oil mixed. Swallow it and it
+will fix you up.</p>
+
+<p>"The Yanks went through our place and took two of the
+best horses we had. One had a tail that reached the ground. Dey
+stole lots of victuals. I 'member de Ku Klux wid dere long
+white sheets, and den de Red Coats wid white breeches. Dey would
+walk or ride, but dey never harmed us.</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know much about Abe Lincoln, but I reckon he
+was a good man, and Jeff Davis, too. I don't know Booker Washington
+but heard he was a good man.</p>
+
+<p>"I joined de church because de white folks did. Dey
+wants to go to heaven and I do too. I think everybody ought to
+try to do right. I used to think we could make heaven down here,
+but if we jes' do right, dats all we can do."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Emoline Wilson (90), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 21, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Sept. 22, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in68" id="in68"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I was born in Newberry County near Cannon's Creek section<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
+in the Dutch Fork. I was a slave of Lemuel Lane. He was killed by
+some slaves just after freedom. They killed him for his money but
+didn't find any, it was said. When freedom come, my mistress give
+me some things to eat when we left.</p>
+
+<p>"I can't work much any more; I am old and I can't get about.
+I live with my son who works when he can find work. We rent a two-room
+cottage in town.</p>
+
+<p>"I never heard anything about slaves getting 40 acres of
+land and a mule. None in that section got any. We had to go to
+work for other people.</p>
+
+<p>"The Ku Klux Klan never bothered us then, and we never had
+nothing to do with them, nor with politics.</p>
+
+<p>"There was no slaves living in our section who had come
+from Virginia."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Emoline Wilson (90), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/10/37</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">(See ES IV, MS. #13).</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>FOLKLORE</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>June 15, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in69" id="in69"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"I am daughter of Billy Robertson and Louisa Robertson; was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
+born about 77 years ago in Newberry, on Marse Job Johnstone's
+place. My father lived with Judge Job Johnstone as his extra man
+or servant. He lived in the house with him, slept in his room and
+waited on him when he became old; and, too, was the driver of his
+carriage. He drove him to other courthouses to hold court. After
+the war, my father was janitor at Newberry College, and he was
+liked by professors, students, and everybody who knew him as
+'Uncle Billy'. At commencement, he always made a speech at night
+on the campus, which the students enjoyed. He told about his
+travels from Virginia to Newberry before the war. Judge Johnstone
+never wanted anybody else to be with him when he traveled.</p>
+
+<p>"I belonged to the Avelleigh Presbyterian Church in Newberry,
+and was christened in the church by the preacher, the Rev. Buist.
+Colored people were allowed to be members and set in the gallery
+when they went to church.</p>
+
+<p>"After the war, a colored man named Amos Baxter was killed
+by the Ku Klux at the old courthouse. My father was on Judge
+Johnstone's farm a few miles away. He was sent for and came with
+another colored man to town, and prayed and preached over the body
+of Baxter. The Ku Klux came to kill my father for doing this, but
+they never caught him.</p>
+
+<p>"I had to stay home most of the time and help mama keep
+house. I never worked in the field but once, and the job was so
+poor they put me back in the house. That was the old Nance place.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Once I saw a man hung in Newberry. He was a negro named
+Thompson and killed a white man named Reid. He killed him at a
+store in Pomaria and burned it over his body. He was hung near the
+railroad, and a big crowd was there to see it. That was my first
+time to see a man hung, and I promised God it would be my last.
+They asked the negro if he had anything to say, and give him five
+minutes to talk. He was setting on a box smoking; then he got up
+and said he reckoned his time was over, he was sorry for all the
+bad things he had done; that he had killed a boy once for 25 cents,
+and had killed a little girl for 20 cents. He was sorry for his
+wife and three weeks old baby. His wife saw him hung.</p>
+
+<p>"The Ku Klux wanted to kill any white people who was Republicans.
+They killed some negroes. A white man named Murtishaw
+killed Lee Nance, a store keeper. I was a little girl and saw it.
+Some little children was standing out in front. Murtishaw came
+up and said he wanted to buy something or pretended he wanted to;
+then he went up to Nance, pulled his pistol quick and shot him
+through the throat and head.</p>
+
+<p>"Judge Johnstone's kitchen was away from the house, a brick
+building. They had large ovens and wide fireplaces in which they
+cooked.</p>
+
+<p>"My father's favorite horses, when he drove the family, was
+'Knox' and 'Calvin', which they kept for many years. When they
+died the mistress cried awfully about it.</p>
+
+<p>"My husband died at old Mr. Dan Ward's place, on College
+Hill, where he was living then."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Jane Wilson (77), Newberry, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (6/9/37)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, June 11, 1937</b>
+</div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in70" id="in70"></a>MOM GENIA WOODBERRY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 89 years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Glad to see yunnah. Who dese udder wid yah? Who yuh?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>
+Lawd, I glad to see yunnah. I nu'se aw Miss Susan fust
+chillun. Ne'er nu'se dem las'uns. Sicily been yo' mamma
+nu'se. Nu'se Massa Ben Gause child fust en den I nu'se
+four head uv Miss Susan chillun a'ter she marry Massa Jim
+Stevenson. Sleep right dere wid dem chillun aw de time.
+Miss Susan ne'er didn't suckle none uv dem chillun. I tell
+yunnah dis much, Massa Jim Stevenson was good to aw uv his
+colored people en Miss Susan wuz good to me. I sho' born
+right down yonner to Massa Ben Gause plantation. Gade Caesar
+en Mary Gause wuz my parents. Yas'um, I is glad to see dese
+chillun cause yuh know whey white folks hab feeling fa yah,
+it sho' make yuh hab feeling fa dey chillun. I ole now en
+I can' 'member eve'yt'ing but I ain' ne'er forge' wha' good
+times dem wuz."</p>
+
+<p>"My Lawd! Yas, my Lawd, de peoples lib well dere to Massa
+Jim Stevenson plantation. De white folks hab big house dere
+wid eve'yt'ing 'bout it jes lak uh town. I couldn't tell
+yunnah how many colored peoples dey hab dere but I know dis,
+I hear em say dere wuz more den two hundred uv em dat lib
+in de quarter. Dey house wuz in uh field offen to itself
+dere on de plantation en wuz strung aw up en down in two
+long row lak. Dey wuz set up in good libin' den."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Coase I ain' lib dere in de quarter wid de udder
+colored peoples a'ter I ge' big 'nough to be nu'se girl,
+but I know how dey fare dere. My Massa hab uh smoke
+house full uv meat en uh barn full uv corn aw de time
+en eve'y Friday a'ternoon aw de colored peoples hadder
+do wuz to go dere to de big house en ge' dey share uv
+meat en 'lasses en corn to las' em de whole week. Ne'er
+hadder worry nuthin 'bout it tall. Dey hab dey gristmill
+right dere whey dey grind dat corn eve'y week. Yah ain'
+ne'er see no sech barn en heap uv meat dese days uz dey
+hab den. Dem hog killin' days wuz big times fa dem
+plantation peoples. It jes lak I tellin' yunnah my Massa
+gi'e he colored peoples mos' eve't'ing dey hab en den he
+'low eve'y family to hab uh acre uv land uv dey own to
+plant. Hadder work dat crop in de night. Make light wid
+fat light'ud stump wha' to see by. Dat crop wha' dey buy
+dey Sunday clothes wid. Ne'er hadder hunt no clothes but
+dey Sunday clothes cause dey hab seamstress right dere on
+de plantation to make aw us udder clothes. Miss Susan
+larnt Aun' Cynthia en Starrah en Tenna to cut en sew dere
+to de big house en a'ter dat dey ne'er do nuthin but make
+de plantation clothes."</p>
+
+<p>"Aw de colored peoples dere to Miss Susan plantation
+hab dey certain business to go 'bout eve'y day en dey ne'er<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>
+didn't shirk dat neither. Miss Susan ain' 'low fa no
+slack way 'round whey she was. Dere been Yaneyki wha'
+hadder jes wait on Miss Susan; Becky, de house girl;
+Aun' Hannah, de one wha' cook in de big house; Aun'
+Dicey, wha' al'ays clean up de white folks kitchen; en
+Sanco, de house boy. Den I wuz de nu'se dere fa dem
+chillun. Ne'er lak it but I ha'e it to do. Hadder stay
+right dere to de big house aw de time. Miss Susan ne'er
+wouldn't 'low me take dem chillun 'way offen no whey en
+eve'ybody hadder be mindful uv wha' dey say 'fore dem
+chillun too. I 'member dat big ole joggling board dere
+on de front piazza dat I use'er ge' de chillun to sleep
+on eve'y evenin'. I be dere singin' one uv dem baby song
+to de child en it make me hu't lak in me bosom to be wid
+my ole mammy back up dere in de quarter. Coase I ain' le'
+nobody know dat. Dere ain' nobody ne'er been no better
+den Miss Susan wuz to me. It jes lak dis, I wuz jes uh
+child den en yah know it uh child happiness to be raise
+up wid dey mammy."</p>
+
+<p>"Den de colored peoples lib mighty peaceful lak dere
+in de quarter cause dey ne'er hadder worry 'bout how nuthin
+come. My Massa see dat dey hab decent libin' aw de time en
+'bundance uv eve't'ing dey need. Hadder keep 'round 'bout
+dey premises clean up eve'whey. I tellin' yuh, child, my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>
+white folks wuz 'ticular uv dey colored peoples when dey
+wuz sick. Dey hab big ole me'icine book dat dey take down
+when one uv dem ge' sick en see could dey find wha' wuz
+good fa dey ailment. Den Miss Susan'ud send in de woods
+en ge' wha' it say mix up fa de remedy en make de me'icine
+right dere to de big house. Miss Susan'ud al'ays doctor
+de plantation peoples en carry em nice basket uv t'ing
+eve'y time dey wuz sick. Effen Miss Susan t'ink dey hab
+mucha co'plaint, den dey'ud send fa de plantation doctor
+'bout dere. Annuder t'ing dey ne'er didn't 'low de
+colored girls to work none tall 'fore dey wuz shape lak uh
+'oman cause dey 'fraid dat might strain dey ne'ves."</p>
+
+<p>"Aw de colored peoples wha' ne'er hab no work to do
+'bout de big house wuz field hand en dey hadder ge' up at
+de fust crow uv de cock in de morning en go up to de big
+house en see wha' dey wan' em to do dat day. Coase dey
+eat dey break'ast 'fore dey leab de quarter. Effen de sun
+look lak it wuz gwinna shine, de o'erseer'ud send em in de
+field to work en dey'ud stay in de field aw day till sun
+up in de evenin'. Carry dey basket uv victual en pot 'long
+wid em en cook right dere in de field. Jes put dey peas en
+bacon in de pot en build up big fire 'bout it close whey dey
+wuz workin' cause eve'y now en den dey hadder push de fire
+to de pot. Den some uv de day dey'ud go in de tatoe patch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>
+en dig tatoe en roast em in de coals. Effen it wuz uh
+rainy day, dey ne'er go in de field. Shuck corn dat day.
+Dat wuz how dey done."</p>
+
+<p>"Aw dem wha' work right dere to de big house al'ays
+wuz fed from Miss Susan table to de kitchen. Dere wuz
+Gran'mudder Phoebe who hadder look a'ter eve't'ing 'bout
+Miss Susan dairy. De plantation peoples'ud bring dey gourd
+eve'y morning en leab it dere to de dairy fa Gran'mudder
+Phoebe to hab fill wid clabber fa em to carry home in de
+evenin'. Den when Gran'mudder Phoebe wuz finish wid aw de
+churning, she use'er pour wha' clabber wuz left o'er in uh
+big ole wooden tray under uh tree dere close to de dairy en
+call aw dem little plantation chillun dere whey she wuz.
+She gi'e eve'yone uv em uh iron spoon en le' em eat jes uz
+mucha dat clabber uz dey c'n hold. A'ter dat she clean up
+eve'yt'ing 'bout de dairy en den she go to de big house en
+ge' her dinner. Gran'mudder Phoebe say she could set down
+en eat wid sati'faction den cause she know she wuz t'rough
+wid wha' been her portion uv work dat day."</p>
+
+<p>"Den dere wuz Patience wha' work to de loom house. She
+help do aw de weaving fa de plantation. Weave aw t'rough
+de winter en aw t'rough de summer. She make aw kinder uv
+pretty streak in de cloth outer de yarn dat dey dye right
+dere on de plantation wid t'ing dat dey ge' outer de woods
+lak walnut wha' make brown, en cedar en sweet gum wha' make
+purple. Den dey make de blue cloth outer dat t'ing dat dey<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>
+raise right dere on de plantation call indigo. Dere some
+uv dat indigo dat does grow up dere on de Sand Hills dis
+day en time but ain' nobody ne'er worry 'bout it no more."</p>
+
+<p>"Jes uh little way from de loom house wuz de shoe house
+whey Uncle Lon'on hadder make shoe aw de day. I 'member
+dey is make aw de plantation shoe dere. Make em outer
+cow hide wha' dey hadder tan fust. Jes put de cow hide in
+uh trough en kiver it aw o'er wid oak en water en le' it
+soak till de hair come offen it. Den dey take it outer dat
+en beat it 'cross uh log hard uz dey c'n till dey ge' it
+right soft lak. A'ter dat ley out de shoe lak dey wan' it
+en sew it up wid dem long hair wha' dey ge' outer de hosses
+neck. Dat jes de way dey make aw we shoe den."</p>
+
+<p>"Minus en Chrissus Gause hab job dere to de gin house.
+Dey'ud jes put de cotton in dat gin en de seed go one way
+en de lent go de udder way. Minus hadder feed de gin en
+dem udder helper hadder hand de cotton. Den Bacchus hadder
+work de screw dat press de bale togedder. Yunnah chillun
+ain' ne'er see nuthin lak dat dese days. Dem hosses pull
+dat t'ing round en round en dat screw ge' tighter en tighter.
+Turn out pretty uh bale uv cotton us yunnah e'er hear 'bout
+in no time tall. My Lawd, I 'member dey is hab bale uv cotton
+pile up aw 'bout dat gin house."</p>
+
+<p>"En dey is hab dey own blacksmith shop dere on de place
+down to de place call de big water. Aw dem peoples from
+plantation aw 'bout come dere fa Fortune to mend dey plow en
+t'ing lak dat."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Yas'um, plantation peoples hadder go dere to de Ole
+Neck Chu'ch eve'y Sunday. I hear em say dat wuz uh Methodist
+Chu'ch. Aw dem well to do folks hab dey own pew up dere in
+de front uv de chu'ch wha dey set on eve'y Sunday. Dey seat
+wuz painted pretty lak uh bedstead en den de poor peoples
+set in de middle uv de chu'ch in de yellow kind uv seat. Aw
+de colored peoples hadder set in de blue seat in de back uv
+de chu'ch. Peoples ne'er rank togedder den lak yah see de
+peoples rank togedder dese days. Miss Susan Stevenson en
+Miss Harriett Woodberry en Miss Maggie McWhite wuz de ones
+wha' pull togedder den. Know dey chillun time dey hit dat
+chu'ch door. C'n tell em by dey skin. My blessed, chillun,
+dere wuz sech uh diffe'ence."</p>
+
+<p>"Dat Ole Neck Chu'ch de same chu'ch wha' yunnah see
+stand two mile up dat road. Dem peoples oughtna hadder move
+dat chu'ch neither cause it been dere long time 'fore dey
+come heah. Ain' been right to do dat. Dem wha' put dat
+chu'ch dere bury right dere in dat cemetery right 'bout whey
+dey chu'ch wuz en dem udder peoples ain' hab no right to take
+dey chu'ch 'way a'ter dey been gone."</p>
+
+<p>"De peoples ne'er hab no cars lak dese peoples hab 'bout
+heah now. My white folks hab carriage en two big ole white
+hosses wha' to ride to se'vice en whey dey wanna go den. Coase
+dey ne'er go aw de time lak dese peoples does dis day en time.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>
+Lawd, dem hosses could pull dat carriage too. Dey wuz name
+Selam en Prince. My Massa en Missus hab seat in de back uv
+de carriage en I hadder set up dere 'tween dem en de driver
+en nu'se dem chillun. Isaac wuz Miss Susan driver en he hab
+seat aw uv he own on de front whey he could mind de hosses.
+My Lawd, I 'member how I did use'er lub to set up dere in
+Miss Susan carriage."</p>
+
+<p>"Dese peoples dese days don' know nuthin 'bout dem times
+den. I 'member how dey use'er sell de colored peoples offen
+to annuder plantation some uv de time. Man come dere to buy
+my Gran'mudder a'ter Massa Ben Gause die en tell her to open
+she mouth so he c'n 'xamine her teeth. Say she say, 'I won'
+do it.' Wanna know effen dey wuz sound 'fore he buy her.
+Dat de way dey do when dey sell hosses."</p>
+
+<p>"I 'member when dem Yankees come 'bout dere too. Hear
+Massa Jim Stevenson say dey mus' herry en hide dey va'uables
+cause de Yankees wuz comin' t'rough dere en sweep em out.
+Dey bury dey silver en dey gold watch in de graveyard up in
+de Beech Field. (De Beech Field wuz de place whey de Indian
+use'er camp long time ago cause de peoples use'er find aw
+kinder bead en arrow head wha' dey left dere.) Den Miss
+Susan put trunk full uv her nice t'ing to de colored peoples
+house. Ain' been 'fraid de Yankees bother em dere. Didn't
+no Yankees come no whey 'bout dere till a'ter freedom 'clare
+en den two uv em come dere en stay right dere to de big house.
+Dey come to 'vide outer de corn. Hab pile uv corn sot aw 'bout<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>
+de born (barn) dere wid name uv de colored peoples stick
+'bout in eve'y pile."</p>
+
+<p>"Yas'um, I 'member dat aw right. Marry in March dere
+to my pa house. Us ne'er left Massa Jim Stevenson plantation
+a'ter freedom 'clare. Ne'er wanna hunt no better libin'
+den we hab dere. My Lawd, dere sho' wuz big doing 'bout
+dere when I go' hitch up to Joe Woodberry. Pa kill uh
+shoat en dey bake cake en hab aw kinder ration cook up.
+I hab pretty dress make outer white swiss muslin wha' I
+marry in en aw dem peoples wuz dress up dat evenin'. Dat
+wuz pretty uh sight uz dere e'er wuz when dey ge' to blowing
+dat cane en knockin' dem stick en dey aw wuz uh jiggin'
+'bout."</p>
+
+<p>"Chillun, seem lak aw de good time gone from heah now.
+Peoples sho' gotta scuffle fa wha' dey hab dis day en time
+en den effen dey ge' it, dere ain' no sati'faction no whey
+'bout it. T'ing ain' gwinna do nobody no good effen dey
+gotta worry dey head so mucha 'bout whey de next comin'
+from."</p>
+
+<p>"Good day, honey. Come back 'g'in. Yunnah white en
+I black, but I lub yuh."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: MOM GENIA WOODBERRY (Eugenia Woodeberry), age<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">89, colored, Britton's Neck, S.C. (Personal
+interview, June 1937)</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, November 23, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in71" id="in71"></a>JULIA WOODBERRY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, Age ____</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Come in, child. Dis ain' nobody talkin to you from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>
+behind dat door, but Julia Woodberry. De door unlatch,
+just turn de handle en come right in here whe' you can
+warm yourself by de stove. I tell my daughter for her
+to take de sick child en walk over dere en make Aun' Liney
+a visit, while I wipe round bout dis stove a little speck.
+Cose I ain' able to scour none much, but seems like dis old
+stove does keep everything so nasty up dat I can' let things
+bout it get too worser. No, child, I tell dese chillun I
+done seen most all my scourin days, but I think bout I would
+do this little job for Alexa dis mornin en let her put her
+mind to dat child. I say, if I able, I loves to wipe up
+cause it such a satisfaction. It just like dis, dere ain'
+nothin gwine shine dat floor en make it smell like I want
+it to, but soap en water. I don' like dese old stoves nohow.
+I ain' been raise to dem cause when I come up, de olden people
+didn' think nothin bout puttin no stoves to dey fireplaces.
+Oh, dey would have dese big old open fireplaces en would have
+de grandest kind of fires. My Lord, child, dere wouldn' never
+be no nastiness bout dey fireplace cause de people never didn'
+burn no coal in dem days. Slavery people been burn dese great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>
+big oak logs en dey would make de finest kind of fires, I
+say. Yes, mam, I been raise up de slavery way en dat how-come
+I don' want to be noways departin from it."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, dat was my granddaughter dat had de straw fever.
+Yes, mam, look like she mendin right smart since she been
+settin up. De straw fever, dat what I calls it, but I hear
+people say it de hay fever. De doctor, he just say it de
+fever, but from de way he give de pills, it point to de
+straw fever. Cose dat what we termed it, but like I tell
+you, some calls it de hay fever. I ain' never hear talk
+of dat kind of fever till dese late years. Yes, mam, she
+had a little cold en cough some, but not much. You see,
+when she first took down, she took wid a blindness en a
+pain in de stomach at de school en couldn' say nothin. De
+doctor say de fever was bout broke on her den. You see,
+she had de pain en, I say, dat a sign de misery broke on
+her. But dat child, she lay dere on dat bed three weeks
+en she been mighty weak, mighty weak from de fever. No, mam,
+she ain' have de fever all de time, but dere would come a
+slow fever dat would rise on her every night en eat up what
+strength she had caught durin de day. Cose she ain' never
+been hearty cause she been havin dis fever long bout two
+years. No, mam, she been test for de T.B.'s in de school dis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>
+last year en dey say dat she never had none of dat. Alexa
+say she gwine let her get dem shots in time next year. All
+de school chillun took dem last year. Dey tell me dat be to
+keep diseases down in school. Cose I don' know nothin bout
+it cause I been raise de slavery way en dat won' de talk den.</p>
+
+<p>"My mother, she was a freeborn woman. She come from off
+de sea beach in our own country. Her people was dese Chee
+Indians en she didn' have no ways like dese other people bout
+here. Now, I talkin out of her. Ain' talkin out of nobody
+else, but her. She told me she was born on de sea beach en
+her parents was Chee Indians. Dat what she told us chillun.
+Say, when dey stole her en her brother John, dey come dere
+in dese big old covered wagons en dey stuffed dem way back
+up in dere en carried dem off. Oh, she say, she was a big
+girl when dey run her down en caught her. Like I tell you,
+I talkin out of her. Her en her brother John was out playin
+one day, near their sea beach home, en first thing dey know,
+dere come one of dem big old covered wagons dere. Say, dey
+never know what to think till dey see dis white man gettin
+down off de wagon en start makin for dem en dey get scared
+cause dey been learn white man won' no friend. Say, dey broke en
+run, but de man come right after dem en grabbed dem up wid
+his hands en stuffed dem way back up in de covered wagon en
+drove off. She say, she was runnin hard as she could from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>
+de man. I remember, I heard my mother speak bout dat she
+didn' reckon her mother ever knew whe' dey went. She say,
+dey cried en cried, but dat never do no good. No, mam, de
+lawyer Phillips stole her. He didn' buy her cause she told
+me dey brought dem right on to his home en put dem out dere.
+Her en her brother John were made house servants in de big
+house en dey went from one to de other in de Phillips'
+family till after freedom come here. Ma, she say dat she
+fared good en dey didn' ill treat her no time, but wouldn'
+never allow dem to get out de family no more durin slavery
+days. No, mam, she never didn' have no hard time comin up.
+Cose she had to put de white people chillun to bed at night
+en den she could go to parties cross Catfish much as she
+wanted to, but she would have to be back in time to cook dat
+breakfast next mornin. You see, dey was house servants en
+dey stayed right dere in de lawyer Phillips' house all de
+time. Been raise right down dere in dat grove of cedars
+cross from de jail."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, she didn' say bout dat. No, mam, she didn' have
+no word bout whe' if she liked de white folks livin or no
+when she first come dere. You know, when you in Rome, you
+has to do as Rome do. Reckon dat de way de poor creature
+took it. No, child, she didn' tell us nothin bout her home
+no more den dat she was born a Chee Indian. Yes, mam, my
+blessed old mother told me dat a thousand times."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"My God, my God, child, I couldn' never forget my old
+mother's face. She bore a round countenance all de time
+wid dese high cheek bones en straight hair. I talkin out
+of her now. Yes, mam, can see Ma face dere fore my eyes
+right now. It de blessed truth, my old mother didn' have
+no common ways bout her nowhe'. I don' know whe' it true
+or no, but de people used to say I took after my mother. I
+recollects, when I would be workin round de white folks,
+dey would ax me how-come I been have dem kind of way bout
+me what was different from de other colored people. You
+know, de Indians, dey got curious ways. My mother, she
+wouldn' never take a thing from nobody en she was sharp
+to pick a fight. Yes, mam, she was quick as dat. (Slaps
+her hands together.) Been fast gettin insulted. Anybody
+make her mad, she would leave away from dem en dey wouldn'
+see her no more in a month or two. Hear boss say dat she
+was quick tempered."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, child, dat bout all I can know to speak bout
+dis mornin. You see, some days I can get my 'membrance
+back better den I can on another day. I say, I gwine get
+my mind fixed up wid a heap to tell you de next time you
+come here en if you ain' come back, I gwine try en get round
+dere to your house. God bless you, honey."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Julia Woodberry, Ex-Slave, Age 70-80, Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie R. Davis, Nov., 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, November 30, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in72" id="in72"></a>JULIA WOODBERRY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, Age ____</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Oh, my God a mercy, child, dat been a time when dat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span>
+shake come here. I tell you, dat been somethin. I sho
+remember all bout dat cause I been a grown woman de year
+dat earthquake come here. Yes, mam, I gwine tell it to
+you just like I experience it. We had all just been get
+over wid us supper en little things dat night en I had
+washed Auntie en Mr. Rowell's feet for dem to lie down
+en dere come such a sketch of clouds from over in dat
+direction dat I never know what to make of it. Auntie
+en Mr. Rowell never know what to make of it neither. I
+remember, I run out to help my sister dat been out to de
+paddlin block en, honey, you ain' never live to see no
+black cloud like dat been. I washed a piece through en
+den I left off en went back in de house en set down by
+de fire to dry my feet. I set dere awhile en seems like
+somethin just speak right out de fire, bout dat time, en
+tell me to move my feet dat I was in bad shape. En, child,
+it de truth of mercy, dere come a big clog of dirt out dat
+chimney en drap (drop) right down in de spot whe' my foot
+was. I run to Auntie en Mr. Rowell to see could dey tell
+what dat was, but dey been in just as much darkness as I
+been. I look up en seems like de loft had lowered itself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+en could hear a roarin for miles en miles bout dere en
+could hear de people hollerin every which a way. Yes,
+mam, could hear dem hollerin miles en on top of miles
+bout dere. My God, dem people was scared to lie down
+dat night en such a prayin en a shoutin as everybody do
+dat night, I ain' never see de like fore den. Ain' see
+de like since den neither. Next mornin, I go to work
+for de white folks en dey all go off dat mornin en I tell
+you, I was scared bout to death in dat big house by myself.
+I remember, I left out de house en been out in de 'tatoe
+patch grabblin 'tatoes right along en when I raise up, dat
+thing was comin down dat 'tatoe row just a whirlin en a
+makin right for me. Yes, mam, I been so scared. I ain' see
+whe' I is grow a bit since de shake. I tell you, I thought
+it was de Jedgment. Den we hear dere was gwine be another
+earthquake, but de people get on dey knees en dey stay on
+dey knees en it never come here dat time. Dat one was in
+another state, so dey tell me. I hear talk dat all de earth
+caved in en you could see de people down dere, but couldn' nobody
+get dem. Some people say dat been de devil do dat, but I tell
+dem de devil ain' had no such power. De Lord been de power dat
+bring dat shake here, I say."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Oh, Lord, de people sho fared better in dat day en time
+den dey do dese days. Cose dey didn' have a heap of different
+kind of trashy things like dey have dese days, but dey had a
+plenty to eat en a plenty to wear all de time en den everything
+was better in dem times, too. Now, I speak bout what
+I know bout. De rations eat better en de cloth wear better,
+too, in dem days den dey do now. You see, mostly, de people
+would make dey own provisions at home. White folks would
+raise abundance of hogs en cows to run all dey big plantation
+from one year to de other. Wouldn' never clear out of meat
+no time cause de stock been let loose to run at large in dem
+days. De most dat dey bought was dey sugar en dey coffee,
+but dem what was industrious en smart, dey made most dey
+victuals at home. Made dey own rice en winnowed it right
+dere home. Oh, dey had one of dese pestle en mortar to beat
+it out. Yes, mam, de pestle been big at one end an little at
+de other end. Den dey would raise turkeys en geese en chickens
+en dere wasn' no end to de birds en squirrels en rabbits en
+fish in dat day en time. Dat is, dem what cared for demselves,
+dey had all dem things. Cose dere was some den like dere be
+now dat been too lazy to work en dey hand was empty all de
+time. I remember, dem poorbuckras would just go bout from
+one house to another en catch somethin here, dere en yonder."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Den de people never wore none of dese kind of clothes
+like de people wear dese days neither. When a person got
+a dress den, dey made it demselves en dey made dey own underskirts
+den, too. You see, all dese underskirts en bloomers
+like de people does buy dese days, dey didn' have nothin like
+dat den. Used to put 10 yard in a dress en 10 yards in a
+underskirt en would tuck dem clean up to dey waist. En, child,
+when dey would iron dat dress, it would stand up in de floor
+just like dere been somebody in it. When I say iron, I talkin
+bout de people would iron den, too. Yes, mam, when I come along,
+de people been take time to iron dey garments right. Oh, dey
+clothes would be just as slick as glass. Won' a wrinkle nowhe'
+bout dem. Another thing, dey used to have dese dove colored
+linen dusters dat dey would wear over dey dress when dey would
+ride to church. Den when dey went in de church, dey would pull
+dem off en put dem on again when dey started home. Dey was made
+sort of like a coat suit, except dey was a little fuller en
+would come clean down to de tail of de dress. You see, dey
+was meant to protect de dress while dey was gwine along de road."</p>
+
+<p>"De world sho gwine worser dese days, honey. Oh, Lord,
+de people worser. Yes, mam, dey worser, I say. Dey ain' got
+de mother wit. Dey weaker en dey wiser, I say, but dey ain'
+got de mother wit. Can' set down en talk to de people dese
+days en dey take dat what you got to say in like dey used to.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>
+En de people don' take de time to teach de chillun to know
+good things like dey used to en dat how-come dey have more
+time to get in so much of devilment dese days. Yes, mam, de
+people used to have more chillun en dey raised dem, too.
+Chillun know more den grown people do dese days, I say.
+People used to know how to carry demselves en take care of
+demselves more den dey do now. Seems like, de people more
+rattlin en brazen den what dey used to be."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Julia Woodberry, colored, Marion, S.C.&mdash;Age, 70-80.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Nov., 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, November 5, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in73" id="in73"></a>JULIA WOODBERRY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, Age ____</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>"Well, I can speak bout what I used to hear my auntie<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>
+en my mammy en my grandmammy talk bout what happen in dey
+day, but I never didn' live in slavery time. My mammy,
+she been broke her leg long time fore freedom come here
+en I remember she tell me often times, say, 'Julia, you
+didn' lack much of comin here a slavery child.' Honey,
+I mean she been in de family way right sharp fore freedom
+come here.</p>
+
+<p>"My mammy, she was raise right down dere to de other
+side de jail to de 'Cedars'. You know dere whe' all dem
+cedars round dat house what bout to fall down. She belong
+to de lawyer Phillips dere en he wouldn' never allow her
+to get out de family. She had been a free woman fore he
+had stole her off de sea beach to be his house woman. Yes,
+mam, stole my mammy en uncle John, too, off de sea beach, but
+uncle John went back after freedom come here. My mammy, she
+been raise from just a child to be de house woman dere to de
+lawyer Phillips en she never didn' know nothin bout choppin
+cotton till her last baby been bout knee high.</p>
+
+<p>"I remember how my mammy used to tell me bout dat de
+colored people won' allowed to go from one plantation to
+another widout dey had a 'mit (permit) from dey Massa. Yes,
+mam, all de niggers had to have dat strip somewhat bout dem
+to keep from gettin a beatin. Couldn' leave dey home widout<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>
+showin dat 'mit from dey Massa. You see, de nigger men
+would want to go to see dey wives en dey would have to get
+a 'mit from dey Massa to visit dem. Cose dey wouldn' live
+together cause dey wives would be here, dere en yonder. It
+been like dis, sometimes de white folks would sell de wife
+of one of dey niggers way from dey husband en den another
+time, dey would sell de husband way from dey wife. Yes, mam,
+white folks had dese guard, call patroller, all bout de country
+to catch en whip dem niggers dat been prowl bout widout dat
+strip from dey Massa. I remember I hear talk dey say, 'Patroller,
+Patroller, let nigger pass.' Dey would say dat if de nigger had
+de strip wid dem en if dey didn' have it, dey say, 'Patroller,
+Patroller, cut nigger slash.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Child, I tell you dat been a day to speak bout. When I
+come along, de women never vote, white nor colored, en it been
+years since I see a colored person vote, but I remember dey been gwine to
+vote in dat day en time just like dey was gwine to a show.
+Oh, honey, de road would be full of dem. Dey had to vote.
+Remember, way back dere, everybody would be singin en a dancin
+when dey had de election:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Hancock ride de big gray horse,<br />
+Hampton ride de mule,<br />
+Hancocks got elected,<br />
+Buckras all turn fool.<br />
+Buggety, buggety, buggety etc.'"
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"White en black was all in a row dere dancin all night long.
+Ain' made no exception."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I hear talk dat when freedom come here, de niggers was
+just turn loose to make dey livin de best way dey could. Say
+dat some of de white folks give dey niggers somethin to go on
+en some of dem didn' spare dem nothin. Dey tell me old Sherman
+didn' come through dis section of de country, but he sent somebody
+to divide out de things like so much corn en so much meat
+to de colored people. Now, I talkin bout dat what I hear de
+old people say. Put everything in Ben Thompson hand to deal
+out de colored people share to dem. Yes, mam, he was de one
+had de chair. Talk bout Sherman give Ben Thompson de chair,
+sayin what I hear de old people say. I don' know exactly how
+it was, it been so long since de old people talk wid me. Dat
+it, it been so long till God knows, I forgot."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I used to know a heap of dem songs dat I hear my
+auntie en my grandmammy sing dere home when I was comin up.
+Let me see, child, dey was natural born song too.</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'I got somethin to tell you,<br />
+Bow-hoo, oo-hoo, oo-hoo.<br />
+I got somethin to tell you,<br />
+Bow-hoo, oo-hoo, oo-hoo.<br />
+In a bow-hoo, oo-oo-hoo.<br />
+<br />
+Way cross de ocean,<br />
+'Mongst all dem nation,<br />
+Massa Jesus promise me,<br />
+He gwine come by en by,<br />
+He gwine come by en by.<br />
+<br />
+Dere many miles round me,<br />
+De curried be so bold,<br />
+To think dat her son, Jesus,<br />
+Could write widout a pen,<br />
+Could write widout a pen.<br />
+<br />
+De very next blessin dat Mary had,<br />
+She had de blessin of two,<br />
+To think dat her son, Jesus,<br />
+Could bring de crooked to straight,<br />
+Could bring de crooked to straight.'"
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Dat was my auntie's grandmother Eve piece way back yonder in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>
+slavery time. Dat was her piece."</p>
+
+<p>"It just like I tellin you, dat been a day to speak bout.
+I remember when dey used to spin en weave all de cloth right
+dere home. Yes, mam, I wore many a wove dress to church. Dey
+would get dis here indigo en all kind of old bark out de woods
+en boil it in de pot wid de yarn en make de prettiest kind of
+colors. Den dey would take dat colored yarn en weave all kind
+of pretty streaks in de cloth. Dey would know just as good
+how many yards of dat thread it would take to make so much of
+cloth."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, mam, I know dere been better livin long time ago
+den dere be now. Know it cause I didn' never have no worryations
+no time when I was comin up. My God, child, I couldn' make a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>
+support today if I know my neck had to be hung on de gallows.
+No, mam, dis here a sin cussed world de people livin in dis day
+en time."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Julia Woodberry, colored, Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, October-November, 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Code No.</b><br />
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, November 16, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in74" id="in74"></a>JULIA WOODBERRY<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, Age ____</h3>
+
+
+<p>"No, mam, I ain' thought bout nothin no more to tell<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>
+you. Death been in de family en seems like I just been so
+worried up wid my daughter sick in de house dere wid de
+straw fever. De doctor, he say it de fever en dat all we
+know, but it acts like de straw fever all up en down. I
+tell dem chillun dere de other night dat I would have to
+go back en get my mind fixed up wid somethin to speak bout
+fore you come here another time. Yes, mam, have to get my
+mind together somewhe' or another."</p>
+
+<p>"I been born down dere in Britton's Neck, but most
+my days was lived up to Mr. Jim Brown's place to Centenary.
+My father, he was name Friday Woodberry en my mother, she
+come from off de sea beach in slavery time, so she told me.
+Say dat her old Massa stole her en her brother John, too,
+from off de sea beach. When freedom come here, her brother
+John went back to de sea beach, but my mother say dat she
+won' in no shape to go back. She went from family to family
+till after freedom was declared en her white folks wouldn'
+never have her ill-treated neither en wouldn' never let
+nobody else have her no time. When she was let loose from
+de white people, she went to Britton's Neck wid a colored
+woman. You see, she was a stranger to de country bout dere<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>
+fore freedom come en she been know dat woman en dat how-come
+she went wid her. I mean she didn' know de people bout dere
+cause de white folks didn' allow dey colored people to go
+bout much in slavery time. Couldn' go nowhe' widout dey had
+a ticket wid dem. She stayed dere in Britton's Neck till Pa
+died en den she come back up here to Marion to live, but her
+white people was scattered all bout den."</p>
+
+<p>"No, mam, I ain' never marry cause you had to court on de
+sly in dat day en time. I tell you, I come through de devil
+day when I come along. I was learned to work by de old, old
+slavery way en, honey, I say dat I just as soon been come
+through slavery day as to come under a tight taskmassa dat
+was colored. Yes, mam, if I never did a thing right, my dress
+was over my head en I was whipped right dere. I was engaged
+by letter, but dey kept me under dey foot so close till I
+never didn' slip de hay. I remember, I was stayin dere wid
+Mary Jane Rowell en she kept me cowed down so worser, I never
+couldn' do nothin."</p>
+
+<p>"I tell you, I been a grown girl dere when I leave Mary
+Jane Rowell's house en go to cookin en a washin for Miss (Mrs.)
+Louise Brown. Yes, child, I love Miss Louise Brown to dis very
+day cause she been just like a mother to me. Yes, mam, Miss
+Brown was just as good to me as she could be. Mr. Jim Brown,
+he give me a house dere on his plantation to live in just to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>
+do de house work to de big house, but seems like de other
+colored people on de plantation would be tryin to down me
+most all de time cause I was workin ahead of dem. I know
+I would go dere to work many a mornin cryin, from what dem
+niggers been mouthin bout me, en Miss Brown would cry right
+along wid me. I tell you, Miss Brown was a tender hearted
+woman, so to speak bout. I tell Miss Brown, 'Carolina say
+I stole a towel off de line.' En Miss Brown say, 'Julia,
+if dere a towel gone off dat line, I know whe' it gone.'
+No, child, I ain' never think bout to lay no shame on dese
+hands. White folks been used to leave money all bout whe'
+I bresh (brush) en dust en I ain' never had no mind to touch
+it no time. Yes, mam, I been through a day since I come here.
+Erelong I move out Mary Jane Rowell's house, I been in white
+people house. If it ain' one class, it another. De very day
+dat Dr. Dibble been pronounce me to de hospital, dey come after
+me to wait on a woman. Yes, mam, Julia Woodberry ain' beat de
+state no time. Oh, I tell you, it de God truth, I has done
+every kind of work in my life. Me en my three chillun dere
+run a farm just like a man. Why, honey, you ain' know I had
+three girls? Yes, mam, dem chillun been born en bred right
+dere in de country to Centenary."</p>
+
+<p>"I hear people talkin bout dat thing call conjurin, but
+I don' know what to say dat is. It somethin I don' believe in.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>
+Don' never take up no time wid dat cause it de devil's
+work. Dat de olden talk en I don' think nothin bout dat.
+Don' want nobody round me dat believes in it neither. Don'
+believe in it. Don' believe in it cause dat en God spirit
+don' go together. I hear talk dat been belong to de devil,
+but I was so small, I couldn' realize much what to think
+cause dat what you hear in dem days, you better been hear
+passin. No, mam, dey knock chillun down in dat day en time
+dat dey see standin up lookin in dey eyes to hear. I has
+heard people say dat dey could see spirits, but I don' put
+no mind to dat no time. I believe dat just a imagination
+cause when God get ready to take you out dis world, you is
+gone en you gone forever, I say. Don' believe in no hereafter
+neither cause dey say I been born wid veil over my face
+en if anybody could see spirits, I ought to could. I know I
+has stayed in houses dat people say was hanted plenty times
+en I got to see my first hant yet. Yes, mam, I do believe in
+de Bible. If I hadn' believed in de Bible, I wouldn' been
+saved. Dere obliged to be a hereafter accordin to de Bible.
+Dere obliged to be a hereafter, I say. I can' read, but I
+talkin what I hear de people say. Dat a infidel what don'
+believe dere a hereafter."</p>
+
+<p>"How-come I know all dat, I was raise up wid de old
+people. Come along right behind de old race en I would be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>
+dere listenin widout no ears en seein widout no eyes.
+Yes, mam, I took what I hear in, lady, en I ain' been just
+now come here. I been here a time. Dat de reason I done
+wid de world. God knows I is done. I is done. I recollects,
+way back yonder, Pa would sing:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+'Dey ain' had no eyes for to see,<br />
+Dey ain' had no teeth for to eat,<br />
+En dey had to let de corncake go,<br />
+Gwine whe' all de good niggers go.'"
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Dat was my father's piece dat he used to sing in slavery
+time. Dat right cause I can remember back more so den I
+can forward."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Julia Woodberry, colored, age&mdash;about 70 to 75.,
+Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Nov., 1937.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885 -1-</b><br />
+<b>District #4</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>June 1, 1937</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>E. Fronde Kennedy</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in75" id="in75"></a>FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+
+<p>While looking for an ex-slave in a certain part<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>
+of Spartanburg this morning, I was directed across the street to
+"an old man who lives there". I knocked at the door but received
+no answer. Then I noticed an old man walking around by the side
+of the house. He was tall and straight, standing about 6 feet
+2 inches. He said that his name was George Wood and that he was
+78 years of age.</p>
+
+<p>He stated that he was born during slavery, and
+lived on Peter Sepah's place in York County. Peter Sepah's farm,
+where he was born, was near the North Carolina line; it consisted
+of approximately 200 acres. His parents were named Dan and Sarah
+Wood. His mother was given to old man Sepah by his father as a
+wedding present, and his grandfather had been given to an older
+Sepah by his parent as a wedding present. He said it was the
+custom in slavery times that a slave be given to the son or
+daughter by the white people when they got married.</p>
+
+<p>He was too young to work, but about the time the
+war was over, he was allowed to drive the horses that pulled the
+thrasher of wheat. His master used to walk around and around while
+the wheat was being thrashed, and see that everybody was doing
+their work all right. His father lived on another plantation.
+There was only one family of slaves on the whole plantation.
+He, his mother, and five children lived in a one-room log cabin
+about 30 or 40 feet from the "big house". Their beds consisted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>
+of straw mattresses. They had plenty to eat, having the same
+food that the white folks did. They ate ash cakes mostly for
+bread, but once a week they had biscuits to eat. When the wheat
+was thrashed, they had biscuits mostly for breakfast; but as the
+wheat got scarcer they did not have much wheat to eat. He said that
+Buffalo Creek flowed pretty close to their place and that the creek
+emptied into Broad River. Shelby, N.C., their market, was about
+ten miles distant. He thinks that it was easier then than now
+to get something to eat.</p>
+
+<p>The log cabin where he and his mother lived was
+kept comfortably warm in the winter time. All they had to do,
+was to go to the wood-pile and get all the wood they needed for
+the fire. His mother worked on the farm, washed clothes and
+helped with the cooking at his master's house. The slaves stopped
+work every Saturday afternoon about three o'clock; then his mistress
+would have his mother to patch their clothes, as she did not like
+to see their clothes needing patching. "We used to have lots of
+fun," he said, "more than the children do now. As children, we
+used to play marbles around the house; but no other special game."</p>
+
+<p>Uncle George said that the patrollers saw that the
+colored people were in their houses at 8 o'clock every night.
+"They would come to the house and look in; of course, if a man
+had a pass to another plantation or some place, that was all right;
+or if he had some business somewhere. But everybody had to be in
+the house by 8 o'clock." He also stated that if a slave strayed
+off the plantation and didn't have a pass, if he could out-run
+the "pateroller" and get back upon his own place, then he was all
+right. The only slave he ever saw get a whipping, was one who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>
+had stayed out after hours; then a switch was used on him by a
+"pateroller". He said he never saw any slaves in chains or treated
+badly, for his master was a good man, and so was his "Missus".
+One day his mother went to a church that was not her own church.
+On coming back, she saw a "pateroller" coming behind her. She
+began to run, and he did too; but as he caught up with her, she
+stepped over a fence on her master's place and dared the "pateroller"
+to do anything to her. He didn't do a thing and would not get
+over the fence where she was, as he would have been on somebody's
+place besides his own.</p>
+
+<p>He said that when the corn-shucking time came,
+both whites and blacks would gather at a certain plantation.
+Everybody shucked corn, and they all had a good time. When the
+last ear of corn was shucked, the owner of the plantation would
+begin to run from the place and all would run after him. When
+they caught him, he was placed on the shoulders of two men and
+carried around and around the house, all singing and laughing
+and having a good time. Then they would carry the man into his
+house, pull off his hat and throw it into the fire; place him in
+a chair; comb his head; cross his knees for him and leave him
+alone. They would not let him raise a second crop under his old
+hat&mdash;he had to have a new hat for a new crop. Then they would
+all, colored and white, gather to eat. The owner of the farm
+would furnish plenty to eat; sometimes he would have some whiskey
+to drink, but not often, "as that was a dangerous thing to have".</p>
+
+<p>He said that if a man who was chewing or smoking
+met a woman, he would throw his tobacco away before talking with
+the woman.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There was plenty of fruit in those days, so brandy
+was made and put into barrels in the smoke-house; and the same way
+they had plenty of corn, and would put up a still and put the whiskey
+they made into barrels.</p>
+
+<p>People in those days, he said, had "manners". The
+white and colored folks would have their separate sections in the
+church where they sat. "I've seen a white man make another white
+man get up in church and give his place to a colored man when the
+church was crowded." He said his father was baptized by Rev.
+Dixon, father of Tom Dixon, who was a Baptist preacher. His
+mother was sprinkled by a Methodist white preacher, but he was
+baptized by a colored preacher.</p>
+
+<p>Asked about marriages among the slaves, he said
+the ceremony was performed by some "jack-legged" colored preacher
+who pronounced a few words and said they were man and wife.</p>
+
+<p>He said the colored people did not know much
+about Jeff Davis or Abraham Lincoln except what they heard
+about them. All that he remembered was a song that his Missus
+used to sing:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+"Jeff Davis rides a big gray horse,<br />
+Lincoln rides a mule;<br />
+Jeff Davis is a fine old man,<br />
+And Lincoln is a fool."
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Another song was:</p>
+
+<div class="block"><div class="poem">
+"I'll lay $10 down and number them one by one,<br />
+As sure as we do fight 'em,<br />
+The Yankees will run."
+</div></div>
+
+<p>One day his "Missus" came to their house and
+told his mother they were free and could go anywhere they wanted to,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>
+but she hoped they would stay on that year and help them make a
+crop. He said his mother just folded her hands and put her head
+down and "studied". She decided to stay on that year. The next
+year, they moved to another plantation, where they stayed for
+twenty years.</p>
+
+<p>"Before they were free, every colored man took
+the name of his master, but afterwards, I took my father's name."</p>
+
+<p>He said that the Yankee soldiers did not come to
+their place, but they were ready for them if they had come. The
+silver was buried out in the lot, and stable manure was piled and
+thrown all about the spot. The two good horses were taken off and
+hidden, but the old horse his master owned was left. He said that
+sometimes a Confederate soldier would come by riding an old horse,
+and would want to trade horses with his master. Sometimes his
+master would trade, for he thought his horse would be taken anyway.
+His master would never get anything "to boot", as the soldier
+didn't have the "to boot" when the trade was made. So the soldier
+would ride off the horse, leaving the poor, broken-down one behind.
+Sometimes after the war, the Confederate soldiers would come by
+the house, sick, wounded and almost starved; but his mistress
+would fix something to eat for them; then they would go on.</p>
+
+<p>"'Possum and 'taters were plentiful then. When
+a slave wanted to go hunting, he could go; but we had to work
+then&mdash;nobody works now." He said that on rainy days, his mother
+did not have to go to the field, but stayed at home and sewed or
+carded. He said that after freedom came to the slaves, he worked
+on a farm for $5.00 a month. After he had been on the farm for
+many years, he heard that Spartanburg was on a boom, so he came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+here and worked at railroading for many more years. He has quit
+work now; but still does a little gardening for some white folks.
+He said that the white people in the South understand the colored
+people.</p>
+
+<p>When asked if he had ever seen a ghost, he replied
+that he had never seen one and had never seen a person who
+had. "I don't believe in those things anyhow," he said. He also
+stated he had never heard of anybody being "conjured" either.
+He said that all the niggers in his section were scared of the
+niggers from way down in South Carolina, for their reputation
+as conjurers was against them, so they always fought shy of
+them and didn't have anything to do with the "niggers from way
+down in South Carolina".</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: George Woods, 337 N. View St., Spartanburg, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg, S.C.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in76" id="in76"></a>ALECK WOODWARD,<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE&mdash;83 YEARS.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>"You knows de Simonton place, Mr. Wood? Well, dats just<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>
+where I was born back yonder befo' de war, a slave of old Marster
+Johnnie Simonton. Five miles sorter south sunset side of Woodward
+Station where you was born, ain't it so? My pappy was Ike Woodward,
+but him just call 'Ike' time of slavery, and my mammy was name Dinah.
+My brother Charlie up north, if he ain't dead, Ike lives in Asheville,
+North Carolina. Two sisters: Ollie, her marry an Aiken, last counts,
+and she and her family in Charlotte, North Carolina; sister Mattie marry
+a Wilson nigger, but I don't know where they is.</p>
+
+<p>"Us lived in a four-room log house, 'bout sixteen all told.
+Dere was pappy and mammy (now you count them) gran'pappy, Henry Davis,
+Gran'mammy Kisana, Aunt Anna, and her seven chillun, and me, and my two
+brothers and two sisters. How many make dat? Seventeen? Well, dat's de
+number piled in dere at night in de beds and on de floors. They was
+scandlous beds; my God, just think of my grands, old as I is now, tryin'
+to sleep on them hard beds and other folks piled 'scriminately all over
+de log floors! My Gran'pappy Henry was de carpenter, and old marster tell
+him 'if you make your beds hard, Henry, 'member you folks got to sleep
+on them.'</p>
+
+<p>"I was just a little black feller, running 'round most of de
+time in my shirt tail, but I recollect pickin' cotton, and piddling 'round
+de woodpile, fetchin' in wood for white house and chips and kindling to
+fresh up de fires. Us had plenty to eat, 'cause us killed thirty-five hogs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+at a time, and de sausages and lights us did was a sight. Then de lard
+us made, and de cracklin' bread, why, I hungers for de sight of them
+things right now. Us niggers didn't get white flour bread, but de cracklin'
+bread was called on our place, 'de sweet savor of life.'</p>
+
+<p>"Money? Us had eyes to see and ears to hear, but us just hear
+'bout it, never even seen money.</p>
+
+<p>"My marster had a fish pond, signs of it dere yet.</p>
+
+<p>"My white folks attended church at Concord Presbyterian Church.
+Us went dere too, and us set up in de gallery. Yes, they asked us. De
+preacher asked us to jine in some of de hymns, especially 'De Dyin' Thief'
+and 'De Fountain Filled Wid Blood,' and dat one 'bout 'Mazing Grace How
+Sweet de Sound Dat Save a Wretch Like us.'</p>
+
+<p>"Our young Marster Charlie went off to de war, got killed at
+Second Bull Run. Marster Watt went and got a leg shot off somewheres.
+Marster Jim went and got killed, Johnnie too, Marster Robert was not
+old enough to carry a gun.</p>
+
+<p>"De young mistresses was Mary and Martha. Marster John, old
+mistress and all of them mighty good to us, especially when Christmas
+come and then at times of sickness. They send for de doctor and set up
+wid you, such tendin' to make you love them. When de Yanks come us all
+plead for Marster John and family, and de house not to be burnt. De
+house big, had ten rooms, big plantation, run fifteen plows.</p>
+
+<p>"You ask 'bout was dere any poor white folks 'round? Not many,
+but I 'members old Miss Sallie Carlisle weaved and teached de slaves how
+it was done. Marster give her a house to live in, and a garden spot on de
+place, good woman. She show me how to spin and make ball thread, little<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span>
+as I was. Marster John had over fifty slaves, and they worked hard, sun
+up to sun down. It's a wonder but I never got a whippin'.</p>
+
+<p>"Did I ever see a ghost? Mr. Wood, I seen sumpin' once mighty
+strange, I was gwine to see a gal Nannie, on de widow Mobley place, and
+had to pass 'tween two graveyards, de white and de colored. She was de
+daughter of Rev. Richard Cook. When I was just 'bout de end of de white
+graveyard, I saw two spirits dressed in white. I run all de way to de
+gal's house and sob when I got dere. I laid my head in her lap and told
+her 'bout de spirits and how they scared me. I still weepin' wid fear,
+and she console me, rub my forehead and soothed me. When I got quiet, I
+asked her some day to be my wife, and dat's de gal dat come to be years
+after, my wife. Us walk to church hand and hand ever afterwards, and one
+day Preacher Morris, white man, made us husband and wife. I 'members de
+song de white folks sung dat day. 'Hark from de tomb a doleful sound'.
+Don't you think dat a wrong song to sing on a weddin' day? 'Joy to de
+World,' was in our heart and dat tune would have been more 'propriate,
+seems to me.</p>
+
+<p>"Marster John give de slaves every other Saturday after dinner
+in busy seasons, and every Saturday evening all other weeks. Us had two
+doctors, Doctor Brice at first, and when he git old, us had Doctor Lurkin.</p>
+
+<p>"Was glad when marster called us up and told us we was free.
+De Yankees made a camp on de Doctor Brice place, and foraged de country
+all 'round. They made me run after chickens and I had to give up my
+onliest blue hen dat I had. My pappy was took off by them to Raleigh,
+wid dat I 'member, was de saddest day of slavery time.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Nannie and me, under de providence of de Lord Jehovah, has had
+three chillun to live, and they have chillun too. I owns my own home and
+land enough to live on, though it is hard to make both ends meet some
+years.</p>
+
+<p>"How I got my name, you ask dat? Well, after freedom us niggers
+had to come to Winnsboro and register. Us talk 'bout it by de fireside
+what us would lak. When us come, Marster Henry Gaillard had a big crowd
+of Gaillard niggers 'bout him beggin' for names. One of them say, 'Marster
+Henry, I don't want no little name, I wants big soundin' name.' Marster
+Henry write on de paper, then he read: 'Your name is Mendozah J. Fernandez,
+hope dats big enough for you.' De little nigger dwarf seem powerful pleased
+and stepped to de register. De rest of us spoke to Captain Gaillard and he
+said no better name than Woodward, so us took dat name. Its been a kind of
+a 'tection to us at times, and none of our immediate family has ever
+dragged it in a jail or chaingang, Bless God! and I hope us never will."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #1655</b><br />
+<b>W.W. Dixon</b><br />
+<b>Winnsboro, S.C.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in77" id="in77"></a>MARY WOODWARD<br /><br />
+<span class="under">EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>"I knows you since you 'bout dis high (indicating). When was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>
+it? Where I see you? I see you at your auntie's house. Dat was your
+auntie, Miss Roxie Mobley, other side of Blackstock. You was in a little
+dress dat day, look lak a gal. Oh! Lordy, dat been a long time! What us
+has come thru since dat day and de days befo' dat, beyond freedom.</p>
+
+<p>"I was born a slave of old Marster Adam Berber, near de Catawba
+River side de county, in 1854. I's a mighty small gal but I 'members when
+pappy got his leg broke at de gin-house dat day, in de Christmas week.
+Seem lak dat was de best Christmas I ever had. White folks comin' and a
+gwine, loadin' de bed down wid presents for pappy and mammy and me.</p>
+
+<p>"What my pappy name? He was name Joe and mammy go by Millie.
+Both b'long to Marster Adam and Miss Nellie. Dat was her name and a lovely
+mistress she be in dat part of de country. Her was sure pretty, walk
+pretty, and act pretty. 'Bout all I had to do in slavery time was to
+comb her hair, lace her corset, pull de hem over her hoop and say, 'You
+is served, mistress!' Her lak them little words at de last.</p>
+
+<p>"They have no chillun and dat was a grief to her more than to
+Marster Adam. Him comfort her many times 'bout it and 'low it was his
+fault. Then they 'spute 'bout it. Dats all de rumpus ever was 'twixt
+them. I 'spects if they had had chillun they wouldn't have been so good
+to me. What you reckon? They give me dolls and laugh at de way I name
+them, talk to them and dress them up.</p>
+
+<p>"When de Yankees come, I was a settin' in de swing in de front
+yard. They ride right up and say: 'Where your mistress?' I say: 'I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>
+don't know.' They say: 'You is lyin'. Give her a few lashes and us'll
+find out.' Another say: 'No, us come to free niggers, not to whip them.'
+Then they ask me for to tell them where de best things was hid. I say:
+'I don't know sir.' Then they ransack de house, bust open de smoke house,
+take de meat, hams, shoulders, 'lasses barrel, sugar, and meal, put them
+in a four-horse wagon, set de house, gin-house and barn afire and go on
+toward Rocky Mount. Our neighbors then, was Marster Aaron Powell and
+Sikes Gladden, on Dutchman Creek.</p>
+
+<p>"After freedom I marry Alf Woodward. Us had chillun. How many?
+Let me see; Eli still alive, don't know where he is though. Rosa dead;
+Susannah live now on Miss Sara Lord's place, up dere near Metford. De rest
+of de chillun went off to Arkansas 'bout 1885, and us never heard from them.</p>
+
+<p>"I forgot to tell you dat when de Yankees come and find me a
+settin' in dat swing, I had on a string of beads dat Miss Nellie give to me.
+Them rascals took my beads off my neck, and what you reckon they did wid
+them? Well, if you doesn't know, I does. De scamps, dat is one of them did,
+took my lovely beads and put them 'round his horse's neck and ride off wid
+them, leavin' me sobbin' my life out in dat swing. They say you must love
+your enemies and pray for them dat spitefully use you but I never have pray
+for dat Yankee scamp to dis day. Although I's Scotch Irish African 'Sociate
+Reform Presbyterian, de spirit have never moved me to pray for de horse and
+rider dat went off wid my beads dat my mistress give me. When I tell Marster
+William Woodward, my husband's old marster, 'bout it, him say: 'De low dirty
+skunk, de Lord'll take vengeance on him.' Marster William give Alf a half a
+dollar and tell him to git me another string of beads, though Alf never done
+so.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Alf was Marster William's coachman and him and Wade Pichett,
+dat was a slave of Marster William, took fifteen mules, when de Yankees
+come, and carried them in de Wateree swamps and stayed dere and saved
+them. Every time Alf or Wade see Marster William, as de years comed and
+goed, they fetched up de subject of them mules and git sumpin' from him.
+One day he laugh and say: 'Look here Alf, I done 'bout pay for sixteen
+mules and dere was but fifteen in de drove.' Alf laugh but he always
+got way wid it when he see any of de Woodward white folks. Well I's glad
+to go now, though I has 'joyed bein' wid you. De Lord bless you and keep
+you."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project, 1885-(1)</b><br />
+<b>Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis</b><br />
+<b>Place, Marion, S.C.</b><br />
+<b>Date, September 15, 1937</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in78" id="in78"></a>PAULINE WORTH<br /><br />
+Ex-Slave, 79 Years</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Yes'um, I know I been here in slavery time, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span>
+wasn' large enough to do nothin in dat day en time. I
+reach 79 de first day of November. To be certain dat how
+old I is, Miss Betty Evans give me my direct age here de
+other day. She know who I am cause I was raise near bout
+in de same yard dat she was raise in. Mr. Telathy Henry
+family was my white folks. Yes'um, I was raise right here
+in dis town. Ain' never been nowhere else but Marion."</p>
+
+<p>"I was small den, but I remembers my old Missus. I
+sho remembers her all right. My old boss, he died. I can'
+remember nothin much bout dem times only I recollects when
+my old Missus used to get after me en whip me, I would run
+under de house. Didn' want to sweep de yard en dat how-come
+she get after me wid a switch. I was small den en she was
+tryin to learn me."</p>
+
+<p>"No, child, I didn' live on no plantation. Didn' have
+no quarter for de slaves dere. My white folks live in town
+en dey just have my mother en her chillun en another old man.
+He stayed in de kitchen en would work de garden en go off on
+errands for de Missus. My mother en we chillun stayed in a
+little small one room house in de yard en he stayed in de
+kitchen. I wasn' large enough to do nothin much den only as
+like I tell you, my old Missus tried to learn me to sweep<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>
+de yard."</p>
+
+<p>"I was small den, child, but I got along all right
+cause we ate in de white folks kitchen. Oh, no'um, dey
+cook in de chimney long bout de time I come up. No'um,
+didn' see no stoves nowhe' when I come up. I remembers
+we had greens like collards en bread en potatoes to eat
+sometimes, but say remember all what we had to eat, I
+couldn' never think bout to do dat. I just knows dat I
+remembers old Missus provide good livin for us all de time.
+Wouldn' let nobody suffer for nothin be dat she know bout
+it. Old Missus used to give us every speck de clothes we
+had to wear too dat was made out dis here homemade homespun
+cloth. You see my mother was de cook dere. Old Massa used
+to keep dry goods store en de first I know bout it, she get
+de cloth out de store to make us clothes. Den after de old
+head died, old Missus commence to buy cloth from somebody in
+de country cause people weave dey cloth right dere on dey own
+plantation in dat day en time. Had dese here loom en spinning
+wheel. I remembers old Missus would take out big bolt of cloth
+en cut out us garments wid her own hands. Den she would call
+us dere en make us try dem on en mine wouldn' never be nothin
+troublesome nowhe' bout it. I remembers I used to hear my
+Missus, when she be readin de paper speak bout Abraham Lincoln
+en Jefferson Davis, but I was small den en never paid no much
+attention to it. Only cared bout my new homespun dress wid<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>
+de pockets shinin right in de front part. My Lord, child,
+I been de proudest like of dem pockets."</p>
+
+<p>"I hear de older people say de Yankees come en say de
+Yankees was here, but I was small den. Dey didn' do nothin
+bout dere dat I know of. I was small en I didn' know. Didn'
+hear de older peoples say nothin bout it neither."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, we went to de white peoples service to dat big
+Methodist church right up dere in dis town what was tore
+down long time ago. Walked dere to dat church every Sunday
+en set up in de gallery. Dat whe' all de slaves had place
+to sit. De only thing I could remember bout gwine to church
+dere was what I hear dem say. Dey say, 'I believe in God the
+Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, etc.' Dat all I
+remembers bout gwine to church dere. Everything I remembers.
+Don' know as I could tell you dat, but I hear my mother repeat
+it so much when she come home en be teachin us our prayer.
+Den Missus teach us de same thing till we get large enough to
+learn de Lord's Prayer. No'mam, white folks didn' teach us
+no learnin in dat day en time. Didn' hear bout no books only
+dese almanacs. When de white folks throw dem out, dey allow
+us to pick dem up to play wid. Dat all de books we know bout."</p>
+
+<p>"Lord, child, dat was somethin. Dat was sho a time when
+dat shake come here. I remembers de ground be shakin en all
+de people was hollerin. Yes'um, I was scared. Scared of dat
+noise it was makin cause I didn' know but dat it might been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span>
+gwine destroy me. I was hollerin en everybody round in
+de neighborhood was hollerin. Didn' nobody know what to
+think it was. Well, I tell you I thought it must a been
+de Jedgment comin. Thought it must a been somethin like
+dat."</p>
+
+<p>"I don' know nothin bout dat. It just like dis, I
+heard people speak bout conjurin, but nobody never has
+talked to me nothin concernin no conjurin. My mother
+wouldn' allow nobody to talk dat kind of speech to us.
+No, I ain' never seen none of dem things people say is
+ghost. No, ain' seen none dat I remembers. My husband
+died en I was right in de room wid him en I ain' see a
+thing. Never thought bout nothin like dat. Thought
+when dey gone, dey was gone. When I was able to work,
+I didn' have no time to bother wid dem things. Didn'
+have no time to take up wid nothin like dat. I de one
+dat used to cook dere to Miss Eloise Bethea's mamma. Dis
+here de one dey call Pauline."</p>
+
+<p>"I tell you my old Missus was good to us, child,
+good to us all de time. Come bout en doctor us herself
+when we get sick. Wouldn' trust nobody else to give us
+no medicine. I remember she give us castor oil en little
+salts for some ailments. Didn' give us nothin more den
+dat only a little sage or catnip sometimes. Dat what was
+good for colds."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I don' know, child. I can' tell which de worser
+days den or dese times. I know one thing, dey dances
+now more den dey used to. I don' go bout much, but I
+can tell you what I hear talk bout. I don' know as
+de people any worser dese days, but I hear talk bout
+more dances. Dat bout all. Coase de peoples used to
+dance bout, but dey didn' have dese dance halls like
+dey have now. Didn' have none of dem kind of rousin
+places den. De peoples didn' have chance to dance in
+dat day en time only as dey have a quiltin en cornshuckin
+on a night. Den dey just dance bout in old Massa yard
+en bout de kitchen. Oh, dey have dem quiltin at night
+en would play en go on in de kitchen. Turn plate en
+different little things like dat. I don' know how dey
+do it, but I remembers I hear dem talkin somethin bout
+turnin plate. Wasn' big enough to explain nothin bout
+what dey meant. I just knows dey would do dat en try to
+make some kind of motion like."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey, didn' never hear my parents tell bout no
+stories. My mother wasn' de kind to bother wid no stories
+like dat. She tried to always be a Christian en she never
+would allow us to tarnish us souls wid nothin like dat.
+She raise us in de way she want us to turn out to be. All
+dese people bout here livin too fast to pay attention to
+raisin dey chillun dese days. Just livin too fast to do<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>
+anything dat be lastin like. Dat how-come dere be so
+much destructiveness bout dese days."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+<span class="under">Source</span>: Pauline Worth, age 79, ex-slave, Manning St., Marion, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Personal interview, Sept., 1937 by Annie Ruth Davis.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project #-1655</b><br />
+<b>Phoebe Faucette</b><br />
+<b>Hampton County</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Folklore</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in79" id="in79"></a>DAPHNEY WRIGHT<br /><br />
+106 Year Old Ex-Slave</h3>
+
+
+<p>Just around the bend from the old mill pond on the way to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>
+Davis Swimming Pool lives a very old negro woman. Her name
+is Daphney Wright, though that name has never been heard by
+those who affectionately know her as "Aunt Affie". She says
+she is 106 years old. She comes to the door without a cane
+and greets her guests with accustomed curtsey. She is neatly
+dressed and still wears a fresh white cap as she did when she
+worked for the white folks. Save for her wearing glasses and
+walking slowly, there are no evidences of illness or infirmities.
+She has a sturdy frame, and a kindly face shows through
+the wrinkles.</p>
+
+<p>"I been livin' in Beaufort when de war fust (first) break
+out", she begins. "Mr. Robert Cally was my marsa. Dat wuz
+in October. De Southern soldiers come through Bluffton on a
+Wednesday and tell de white folks must get out de way, de
+Yankees right behind 'em! De summer place been at Bluffton.
+De plantation wuz ten miles away. After we refugee from
+Bluffton, we spent de fust night at Jonesville. From dere
+we went to Hardeeville. We got here on Saturday evening.
+You know we had to ride by horses&mdash;in wagons an' buggies.
+Dere weren't no railroads or cars den. Dat why it take so
+long.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Lawrence McKenzie wuz my Missus' child. We stayed
+wid him awhile, 'til he find us a place. Got us a little
+house. We stayed four years dere, 'til de war wuz over.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+Dey sent de young ladies on&mdash;on farther up de country, to a
+safer place. Dey went to Society Hill. My old Missus stay.
+Sae wuz a old lady. When de Yankees come she died. I wuz
+right dere wid her when she died. She had been sickly.
+After de war dey all went back to de old place. I had
+married up here, so when dey went back I stay on here.</p>
+
+<p>"I been right here when de Yankees come through. I been
+in my house asittin' before de fire, jes' like I is now.</p>
+
+<p>"One of 'em come up an' say, 'You know who I is?'</p>
+
+<p>"I say, 'No.'</p>
+
+<p>"He say, 'Well, I is come to set you free. You kin stay
+wid your old owners if you wants to, but dey'll pay you wages.'</p>
+
+<p>"But dey sure did plenty of mischief while dey wuz here.
+Didn't burn all de houses. Pick out de big handsome house to
+burn. Burn down Mr. Bill Lawton' house. Mr. Asbury Lawton
+had a fine house. Dey burn dat. (He Marse Tom Lawton'
+brother.) Burn Mr. Maner' house. Some had put a poor white
+woman in de house to keep de place; but it didn't make no
+difference.</p>
+
+<p>"De soldiers say, 'Dis rich house don't belong to you. We
+goin' to burn dis house!'</p>
+
+<p>"Dey'd go through de house an' take everything'. Take anythin'
+they could find. Take from de white, an' take from de
+colored, too. Take everything out de house! Dey take from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+my house. Take somethin' to eat. But I didn't have anythin'
+much in my house. Had a little pork an' a week's supply of
+rations.</p>
+
+<p>"De white folks would bury de silver. But dey couldn't
+always find it again. One give her silver to de colored
+butler to bury but he wuz kill, an' nobody else know where
+he bury it. It wuz after de war, an' he wuz walkin' down de
+road, an' Wheeler's Brigade kill him.</p>
+
+<p>"Been years an' years 'fore everythin' could come together
+again. You know after de war de Confederate money been
+confiscate. You could be walkin' 'long de road anytime an'
+pick up a ten dollar bill or a five dollar bill, but it
+wuzn't no good to you. After de greenback come money
+flourish again.</p>
+
+<p>"De plantation wuz down on de river. I live dere 'cept
+for de four years we refugee. Dat been a beautiful place&mdash;dere
+on de water! When de stars would come out dere over de
+water it wuz a beautiful sight! Sometimes some of us girls
+would get in a little 'paddle' an' paddle out into de river.
+We'd be scared to go too far out, but we'd paddle around.
+Sometimes my father would go out in de night an' catch de
+fish with a seine. He'd come back with a bushel of fish
+'most anytime. Dey were nice big mullets! He'd divide 'em
+'round 'mongst de colored folks. An' he'd take some up to
+de white folks for dere breakfast. My white folks been good<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span>
+white people. I never know no cruel. Dey treat me jes like
+one of dem. Dey say dey took me when I wuz five years old.
+An' I stay wid dem 'til freedom. I am 106 years old now.</p>
+
+<p>"Dem people on de water don't eat much meat. Twenty-five
+cent of bacon will last dem a week. Dey cut de meat into
+little pieces, an' fry dem into cracklings, den put dat into
+de fish stew. It surely makes de stew good. When dey kill
+a hog dey take it to town an' sell it, den use de money for
+whatever dey want. Dey don't have to cure de pork an' keep
+it to eat. Dey jes' eat fish. Dey have de mullets, an' de
+oysters, an' de crabs, an' dese little clams. Dey have
+oyster-stew. Dey have roast oysters, den de raw oysters.
+An' dey have dey fried oysters! Dat sure is good. Dey fish
+from de boat, dey fish from de log, an' dey fish 'long de
+edge of de water wid a net. When de tide go down you kin
+walk along an' jes pick up de crab. You could get a bucket
+full in no time. We'd like to go up an' down an' pick up de
+pretty shells. I got one here on de mantel now. It ain't
+sech a big one, but it's a pretty little shell.</p>
+
+<p>"I is always glad to talk 'bout de old times an' de old
+people. We is livin' in peace now, but still it's hard
+times. We ought to be thankful though our country ain't in
+war."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Daphney Wright, Scotia, S.C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folk Lore</b><br />
+<b>District No. 4.</b><br />
+<b>May 28, 1937.</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>J.J. Murray.</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in80" id="in80"></a>STORIES OF EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Seated on the front steps of his house, holding a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span>
+walking cane and talking to another old colored man from Georgia,
+who was visiting his children living there, the writer
+found "Uncle" Bill Young. He readily replied that he had lived
+in slavery days, that he was 83 years old, and he said that he
+and Sam were talking about old times.</p>
+
+<p>He was owned by Dave Jeter at Santuc, S.C.; though
+he was just a boy at the time his mother was a slave. He used
+to mind his "Missus" more than anybody else, as he stayed
+around the house more than anywhere else. His job, with the
+other boys, both white and black, was to round up the milk
+cows late every afternoon. The milk cows had to be brought
+up, milked and put up for the night; but the other cows and
+calves used to stay in the woods all night long. Some times
+they would be a mile away from the house, but the boys would
+not mind getting them home, for they played so much together
+as they slowly drove the cows in.</p>
+
+<p>When asked if he got plenty to eat in slavery days,
+he replied that he had plenty, "a heap more than I get today
+to eat". As a slave, he said he ate every day that the white
+folks ate, that he was always treated kindly, and his missus
+would not let anybody whip him; though he had seen other
+slaves tied and whipped with a bull-whip. He said he had seen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span>
+the blood come from some of the slaves as they were whipped
+across the bare back. He said he had seen the men slaves stand
+perfectly naked and take a beating. He also said that he never
+had a whipping and that his "Missus" wouldn't let his own
+mother whip him. She would say, "Don't tech that boy, as he
+is my Nigger." She told him one day that he was free, but he
+stayed right on there with her and worked for wages. He got
+$6.00 a month, all his rations, and a place to stay.</p>
+
+<p>"Uncle" Bill said there was some humor at times when
+a slave was to be whipped. His hands and feet tied together,
+the slave would be laid across a rail fence, feet dangling on
+one side and head on the other side; then the master would
+give the slave a push or shove and he would fall heavily on
+the ground on his head. Not being able to use his feet or his
+hands, the slave's efforts to catch himself before he hit the
+ground was something funny. "That was funny to us Niggers
+looking at it, but not funny to the Nigger tied up so."</p>
+
+<p>He said some Yankee soldiers came by the house at
+times, but they never bothered anybody on the place. "Of-course
+they would take something to eat, but they never
+bothered anybody."</p>
+
+<p>After working for Dave Jeter for many years, he
+moved up to Jonesville, where he married. He lived in or
+near Jonesville for about thirty years, then he moved with
+his son, who was a barber, to Spartanburg, and has been here<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>
+thirteen years.</p>
+
+<p>"I never knew anything about rent 'til I got here.
+I always had a house to live in, raised my own feed and got
+my wood off the place. So when I got to Spartanburg I learned
+what rent was. I just quit work two years ago when I had high
+blood pressure; and now I ain't able to work. Do you see that
+Nigger across the street, going to work somebody's garden?
+Well, if I didn't have high blood pressure, I'd be just as
+good to work as him."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes sir, with my peck of meal, my three pounds of
+meat each week and my $6.00 a month wages, I had more to eat
+than I gets now."</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+SOURCE: "Uncle" Bill Young. 202 Young Street, Spartanburg, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg Office, Dist. 4.</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="nanospace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="captionl">
+<b>Project 1885-1</b><br />
+<b>Folklore</b><br />
+<b>Spartanburg, Dist. 4</b><br />
+<b>Feb. 4, 1938</b></div>
+<div class="captionr">
+<b>Edited by:</b><br />
+<b>Elmer Turnage</b></div>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3 class="chapter2"><a name="in81" id="in81"></a>STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES</h3>
+
+
+<p>"March 15, 1862 is de date I allus takes when folks axes how<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>
+old is you. Dat's de best, to follow one date, den no argument don't
+follow.</p>
+
+<p>"Some see'd it powerful hard in slavery, others never see'd
+it so bad. Dat 'pends on you a lot, den it 'pends on dem dat you
+stays wid. It still like dat everywhar dat I is been, but I ain't
+been no further dan Spartanburg gwine north, and to Lyles's Ford
+gwine south.</p>
+
+<p>"From a wee bitty baby dey teach me to serve. Befo' you serves
+God you is got to know how to serve man. De Bible speaks of us as
+servants of de Lawd. Niggers can serve him better dan white folks,
+kaise dat is all dey does if dey stays whar dey belongs. Young folks
+and chillun being raised up real biggity like dey is now, dey can't
+serve nothing, kaise if you can't serve your earthly father, how is
+you gwine to serve your Heavenly Father?</p>
+
+<p>"De big plantation and house whar Mr. Jimmie Jeter's sons stay
+is whar I first see'd earthly light. Dat place still look fine, and it
+look fine den, too. When I was 8 years old I started out in de field,
+afo' dat I did jes' what all little nigger boys did, nothing but eat
+and sleep and play and have a big time wid de little white boys. Lots
+of my playmates, both white and black, done gone on now. Some done
+gone to de bad place and some done gone to Heaven, jes' ain't no use
+talking, dat's sho nuff de truth.</p>
+
+<p>"War was raging all 'round Charleston and Columbia when I
+come in dis world so dey says, Yankees camped in half mile of Santuc.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>
+I is heard dat everybody was scared. Has even heard dat I cried when
+dem Yankees come, but all I knows is jes' what I heard. Folks hears
+lots and dey tells it, and dat's jes' what I is doing now&mdash;jes'
+telling what dey told me when I got big. If folks didn't never tell
+nothing no worse, it wouldn't make no difference, but often dey takes
+devilish notions and tells dat what injures, if anybody believes dem.</p>
+
+<p>"Aunt Phyllis Jeter 'low when dem Yankees got to Santuc, she
+was a weaving jes' as hard as she could for her white folks. She say
+dat she started to run, but dem Yankees come in de house and throw'd
+away her yarn and took her and tied her to a tree. When she hollered,
+dey whipped her. She say dat dey was drunk, but dey never burn't up
+nothing in de house. Dey went on singing, and she got me to playing
+and got up de yarn from de dirt in de yard and cleaned it. De Yankees
+never bothered us no mo', and dey never stayed in Santuc long.</p>
+
+<p>"Once when I was a big boy I got drunk and pa whipped me so
+hard I never got drunk no mo' till I was married, and den I jumped on
+my old lady for fun and she hit me wid a bed slat. Dat knocked me
+sober and I 'cided de best thing for me to do was let liquor go to
+de devil. When I was young I allus walked to Union. Dat ain't but ten
+miles down de railroad. Den I used to walk all over Santuc and down
+to Herbert in Fish Dam. Now I is drapped most all my walking. De
+chilluns travels fast in automobiles, but I jes' as lieve walk to
+Union as to ride in dem things. Wrecks kills you off so quick dat you
+does not have time to repent.</p>
+
+<p>"Walking never has hurt nobody, and I buys leather and tacks
+it on my own shoes, and in dat way it don't cost me nothing much.
+Folks goes so fast in dem automobiles, and half de time dey ain't in
+no hurry kaise dey ain't gwine to nothing no way. I gits on my shoe
+in de winter and I walks. When I wants to drap in for a chaw at some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>
+friend's house, I does. I sets dar till I gits rested and warm and I
+goes on. If dey eats, I does too, and when I gits to Union my chillun
+is done out and gone. Jes' de same, I reaches home at night befo' dem.</p>
+
+<p>"Dey has tales to tell about gitting out of gas, and when I
+axes whar dey been, dey jes' as apt to say Spartanburg as any whars.
+As long as dey has a quarter dey is allus gwine to ride and come home
+broke. If you fools wid automobiles, you is gwine to spend lots of
+time in jail. I ain't never been in jail and I thinks it is a disgrace.
+My chillun says dat I is 'old timey' and don't know nothing 'bout
+living. Jes' de same, I likes slow moving, and takes mine out in
+walking and gits home at dark or soon atter.</p>
+
+<p>"Dese fast ways don't bother me. Dey makes sassy chilluns.
+Sassy chilluns dat can't serve deir pa need not think dat dey can
+ride to de Promise Land in narry automobile dat dey is ever seed.
+Gwine round in fast circles and never gitting nowhars seems to satisfy
+dem, so I don't know what is gwine to become of dem."</p>
+
+<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Source: Bob Young (75) Jonesville, S.C.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. 11/10/37</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="microspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="border">
+<h3>FOOTNOTES</h3>
+<br />
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Probate records of Fairfield County. See Roll 110 of the Judge of Probate
+for Fairfield County.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Has lived a long time.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Meaning her age should be in the nineties.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+<div class="tnote">
+<h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3>
+<br />
+A number of punctuation errors have been corrected.  Other typographical errors are as follows:
+<br />
+<br />
+Page 1: "Hariett" changed to "Harriett" (young mistress, Miss Harriett.)<br />
+Page 3: "Cival" changed to "Civil" (pre-Civil and Civil War days,)<br />
+Page 38: "nonegenarian" changed to "nonagenarian" (what a nonagenarian is?)<br />
+Page 43: "carpetbagbers" changed to "carpetbaggers" (scalawags and carpetbaggers,)<br />
+Page 45: "SC" changed to "S.C." (RIDGEWAY, S.C.,)<br />
+Page 49: "On e" changed to "One" (One pick a banjo,)<br />
+Page 53: "Dancers" changed to "Dances" (Dances? There was); "william" changed to "William" (young master, William)<br />
+Page 56: "we" added between "us" and "we" (told us we was free); "cornshuckings" changed to "corn-shuckings" (old time corn-shuckings)<br />
+Page 59: "gie" changed to "gi'e" ("He gi'e me sugar.); "pantomime" changed to "pantomime," "the" added before "way" (with pantomine, of the way pidgin)<br />
+Page 62: "to-day" changed to "today" (in Russia today.)<br />
+Page 66: "piscopal" changed to "'Piscopal" (he was 'Piscopal)<br />
+Page 67: "thrity-two" changed to "thirty-two" (thirty or thrity-two)<br />
+Page 76: "OF-EX" changed to "OF EX-SLAVES"<br />
+Page 84: "quite" changed to "quiet"<br />
+Page 86: "Come" changed to "Some" (Some white people); "one" changed to "One" ("One gone in)<br />
+Page 89: "or" changed to "of" (the back of gallery.)<br />
+Page 120: "remembers" changed to "disremembers" (I jes' disremembers,)<br />
+Page 143: "be be" changed to "be" (be so many school)<br />
+Page 149: "folks" changed to "forks" (Ninety-eight silver forks)<br />
+Page 159: "Reovah" changed to (Rehovah Baptist Church.)<br />
+Page 165: "carpet bag" changed to "carpetbag" (de carpetbag,)<br />
+Page 183: "do" added after "only" (only do de)<br />
+Page 187: "cornshucking" changed to "corn-shucking" (corn-shucking 'bout)<br />
+Page 194: "cordality" changed to "cordiality" (with a cordiality); "dilapedated" changed to "dilapidated" (somewhat dilapidated shanty.)<br />
+Page 195: "revently" changed to "reverently"; "out side" changed to "outside" (outside the same church); "necesities" changed to "necessities" (such household necessities)<br />
+Page 196: "asleep" changed to "slept"<br />
+Page 217: "but" changed to "buy" (wanted to buy something)<br />
+Page 231: "no" added after "or" (true or no,)<br />
+Page 255: "i" changed to "I" (as I was.)<br />
+Page 269: "Twentyfive" changed to "Twenty-five" (Twenty-five cent of bacon)<br />
+Page 270: "the the" changed to "the" (at the time his)
+</div>
+<div class="minispace">&nbsp;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of
+Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, by Work Projects Administration
+
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+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8589 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery
+in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, by Work Projects Administration
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves
+       South Carolina Narratives, Part 4
+
+Author: Work Projects Administration
+
+Release Date: February 24, 2009 [EBook #28170]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SLAVE NARRATIVES, PART 4 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by the Library of Congress,
+Manuscript Division)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ [Transcriber's Note:
+
+  This text is mainly written in dialect. As such, the majority of the
+  spelling, grammar, and punctuation irregularities have been preserved,
+  with the exception of a number of typographical errors. A full list of
+  them can be found at the end of the text.]
+
+
+
+
+ SLAVE NARRATIVES
+
+ _A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with
+ Former Slaves_
+
+ TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY
+ THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT
+ 1936-1938
+ ASSEMBLED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT
+ WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
+ FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
+ SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
+
+ _Illustrated with Photographs_
+
+ WASHINGTON 1941
+
+
+
+
+ VOLUME XIV
+
+ SOUTH CAROLINA NARRATIVES
+
+ PART 4
+
+ Prepared by
+ the Federal Writers' Project of
+ the Works Progress Administration
+ for the State of South Carolina
+
+
+
+
+INFORMANTS
+
+
+ Raines, Mary          1
+ Range, Frank          3
+ Rawls, Sam            5, 7
+ Renwick, Ellen        9
+ Rice, Anne            10
+ Rice, Jessie          12
+ Rice, Phillip         17
+ Richardson, Martha    19
+ Riley, Mamie          23
+ Riser, Susie          25
+ Roberts, Isom         26
+ Robertson, Alexander  31
+ Robinson, Charlie     35
+ Rosboro, Al           38
+ Rosboro, Tom          42
+ Rosborough, Reuben    45
+ Rose, William         48
+ Russell, Benjamin     51
+ Rutherford, Joe       55
+ Rutherford, Lila      57
+ Rutledge, Sabe        59, 65
+ Ryan, Henry           71, 74
+
+ Satterwhite, Emoline  75
+ Scaife, Alexander     76
+ Scantling, Eliza      78
+ Scott, Mary           81
+ Scott, Nina           88
+ Scurry, Morgan        89
+ Simmons, Ransom       91
+ Sligh, Alfred         92
+ Smith, Dan            95
+ Smith, Hector         100, 105
+ Smith, Jane           110
+ Smith, Mary           112
+ Smith, Prince         116
+ Smith, Silas          119
+ Sparrow, Jessie       121, 125, 130, 136, 141
+ Starke, Rosa          147
+ Stewart, Josephine    151
+ Suber, Bettie         155
+ Swindler, Ellen       156
+
+ Taylor, Mack          157
+ Thompson, Delia       160
+ Toatley, Robert       163
+
+ Veals, Mary           167, 169
+
+ Walker, Manda         170
+ Walker, Med           174
+ Waring, Daniel        181
+ Washington, Nancy     184
+ Watson, Charley       188
+ White, Dave           191, 194
+ White, Tena           196
+ Williams, Bill        199
+ Williams, Jesse       202
+ Williams, Mary        206
+ Williams, Willis      208
+ Wilson, Emoline       213, 215
+ Wilson, Jane          216
+ Woodberry, Genia      218
+ Woodberry, Julia      227, 232, 237, 242
+ Woods, George         247
+ Woodward, Aleck       253
+ Woodward, Mary        257
+ Worth, Pauline        260
+ Wright, Daphney       266
+
+ Young, Bill           270
+ Young, Bob            273
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=MARY RAINES=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 99 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Mary Raines is the oldest living person, white or black, in Fairfield
+County. If she survives until next December, she will have attained her
+century of years. She lives with her widowed daughter, Fannie
+McCollough, fifty-seven years old, and a son, Joe Raines, aged 76 years.
+They rent a two-room frame house, on lands of Mrs. Sallie Wylie, Chester
+County, S.C. Joe, the son, is a day laborer on nearby farms. Fannie
+cooks for Mrs. W.T. Raines. Old Mother Mary has been receiving a county
+pension of $5.00 per month for several years.
+
+"How old would Marse William Woodward be if he hadn't died befo' I gwine
+to die? A hundred and twenty, you say? Well, dat's 'bout de way I
+figured my age. Him was a nephew of Marse Ed, de fust Marse Ed P.
+Mobley. Him say dat when him 'come twenty-one, old marster give him a
+birthday dinner and 'vite folks to it. Marse Riley McMaster, from
+Winnsboro, S.C., was dere a flyin' 'round my young mistress, Miss
+Harriett. Marse Riley was a young doctor, ridin' 'round wid saddlebags.
+While they was all settin' down to dinner, de young doctor have to git
+up in a hurry to go see my mammy. Left his plate piled up wid turkey,
+nice dressin', rice and gravy, candy 'tatoes, and apple marmalade and
+cake. De wine 'canter was a settin' on de 'hogany sideboard. All dis him
+leave to go see mammy, who was a squallin' lak a passle of patarollers
+(patrollers) was a layin' de lash on her. When de young doctor go and
+come back, him say as how my mammy done got all right and her have a gal
+baby. Then him say dat Marse Ed, his uncle, took him to de quarter where
+mammy was, look me all over and say: 'Ain't her a good one? Must weigh
+ten pounds. I's gwine to name dis baby for your mama, William. Tell her
+I name her, Mary, for her, but I 'spects some folks'll call her 'Polly',
+just lak they call your mama, 'Polly'.
+
+"I was a strong gal, went to de field when I's twelve years old, hoe my
+acre of cotton, 'long wid de grown ones, and pick my 150 pounds of
+cotton. As I wasn't scared of de cows, they set me to milkin' and
+churnin'. Bless God! Dat took me out of de field. House servants 'bove
+de field servants, them days. If you didn't git better rations and
+things to eat in de house, it was your own fault, I tells you! You just
+have to help de chillun to take things and while you doin' dat for them,
+you take things for yourself. I never call it stealin'. I just call it
+takin' de jams, de jellies, de biscuits, de butter and de 'lasses dat I
+have to reach up and steal for them chillun to hide 'way in deir little
+stomaches, and me, in my big belly.
+
+"When Joe drive de young doctor, Marse Riley, out to see Mass Harriett,
+while Marse Riley doin' his courtin' in de parlor, Joe was doin' his
+courtin' in de kitchen. Joe was as smart as de nex' one. Us made faster
+time than them in de parlor; us beat them to de marriage. Marse Riley
+call it de altar, but Joe always laugh and say it was de halter. Many is
+de time I have been home wid them sixteen chillun, when him was a
+gallavantin' 'round, and I wished I had a got a real halter on dat
+husband of mine.
+
+"I b'longs to de Gladden's Grove African Methodist 'Piscopal Church. Too
+old to shout but de great day is comin', when I'll shout and sing to de
+music of dat harp of 10,000 strings up yonder. Oh! Won't dat be a joyful
+day, when dese old ailin' bones gonna rise again." (Then the old darkey
+became suffused in tears, lapsed into a silence and apathy, from which
+she couldn't be aroused. Finally she slumbered and snored. It would have
+been unkind to question her further.)
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 935=
+ =Hattie Mobley=
+ =Richland County=
+
+=FRANK RANGE=
+
+=CIVIL WAR SERVANT and HERO=
+
+
+At the age of one hundred and three, Frank Range is a familiar figure on
+the streets of Greenville, talking freely of pre-Civil and Civil War
+days, and the part he played in the war.
+
+Frank, the oldest of nine children, was born of slave parents, Lenard
+and Elizabeth Herbert, on the plantation of Mr. Jim Boler, Newberry,
+South Carolina. He was sold several times, and is known by the name of
+one of his owners, John Range.
+
+During the Civil War his master, Mr. Jim Herbert, carried him to the war
+as a cook, and when necessary, he was pressed into service, throwing up
+breast-works; and while he was engaged in this work, at Richmond Va. a
+terrific bombardment of their lines was made, and a part of their
+breast-works was crushed in, and his master buried beneath it. Frantic
+with fear for the safety of his master, Frank began to move the dirt
+away; finally he was able to drag him to safety. Though shot and shell
+were falling all around him, he came out unscathed.
+
+Frank Range returned to Newberry at the close of the war, after which he
+moved to Greenville County in 1901, and into the city in 1935. He is
+never happier than when, in the center of a group of willing hearers, he
+is reciting in a sing-song tone the different periods of his life.
+
+He attributes his longevity to the fact that he has never tasted
+whiskey, never chewed tobacco; never had a fight; toothache and
+headache are unknown to him; the service of a physician has never been
+needed; he does not know one playing card from another. He can walk five
+or more miles with seeming ease; is jovial and humorous.
+
+He receives a state pension of twenty five dollars annually. His place
+of residence is 101 Hudson St. Greenville, S.C.
+
+
+  References;
+
+  Mr. Guy A. Gullick,
+  Probate Judge, Greenville County.
+
+  Frank Range (information given concerning himself)
+  101 Hudson St. Greenville S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =June 15, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born in 1835 in Lexington County, S.C. I know I was 12 years old
+de last year of de war. I belonged to John Hiller in Lexington County,
+near Columbia, S.C. Old Marse Hiller was strict to his slaves, wasn't
+mean, but often whipped 'em. I thought it was all right then. When de
+Yankees come through burning, killing and stealing stock, I was in
+marse's yard. Dey come up whar de boss was standing, told him dere was
+going to be a battle, grabbed him and hit him. Dey burned his house,
+stole de stock, and one Yankee stuck his sword to my breast and said fer
+me to come wid him or he would kill me. O' course I went along. Dey took
+me as fer as Broad River, on t'other side o' Chapin; then turned me
+loose and told me to run fast or they would shoot me. I went fast and
+found my way back home by watching de sun. Dey told me to not go back to
+dat old man.
+
+"De slaves never learnt to read and write. If any o' dem was caught
+trying to learn to read or write, dey was whipped bad. I kotched on to
+what de white chilluns said, and learnt by myself to say de alphabet.
+
+"We went to de white churches atter de war, and set in de gallery. Den
+de niggers set up a 'brush harbor' church fer demselves. We went to
+school at de church, and atter school was out in de atternoon, we had
+preaching.
+
+"Befo' freedom come, de patrollers was strong dere, and whipped any
+niggers dey kotched out without a pass; wouldn't let dem go to church
+without a pass.
+
+"Lots of hunting round dere, dey hunted rabbits, squirrels, foxes and
+'possums. Dey fished like dey do now.
+
+"De white folks had old brick ovens away from de house, and wide
+fireplaces in de kitchens. Dey cooked many things on Saturdays, to last
+several days. Saturday afternoons, we had off to catch up on washing and
+other things we wanted to do.
+
+"I 'member de Ku Klux and de Red Shirts, but don't 'member anything dey
+did dere.
+
+"We had corn-shuckings and cotton pickings, when de white people would
+have everybody to come and help. Us niggers would help. Dey had big
+suppers afterwards.
+
+"We had plenty to eat from de garden of de boss, a big garden dat
+furnished all de slaves. Den de boss killed hogs and had other things to
+eat. Most o' de things raised in de garden, was potatoes, turnips,
+collards and peas.
+
+"Some of us had witches. One old woman was a witch, and she rode me one
+night. I couldn't get up one night, had a ketching of my breath and
+couldn't rise up. She held me down. In dem days, was lots o' fevers with
+de folks. Dey cured 'em and other sickness wid teas from root herbs and
+barks.
+
+"Abraham Lincoln was a good man. He said you folks ought to let dem
+niggers loose and let dem go to work. He come wid his two men, Grant and
+Sherman, and captured de slave bosses. Jeff Davis was one o' de
+forerunners of de war. Don't know much about him. Booker T. Washington
+is a good man. Think he is in office fer a good purpose. I been married
+four times, Was young man when I married first time. Gussie Gallman, my
+last wife, is living wid me."
+
+
+  Source: Sam Rawls (84), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (6/9/37)
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Oct. 13, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I live wid my fourth wife and she is much younger dan me. I am unable
+to work and have to stay in bed lots of de time. My wife works at odd
+jobs, like washing, ironing and cooking. We rent a two-room house from
+Miss Ann Ruff.
+
+"I belonged to John Hiller. He was a good master but he worked his
+slaves hard. Dat was in Lexington County.
+
+"I heard dat Gen. Grant said de slaves ought to get 40 acres of land and
+a mule so dey could go to work; but dey never got any dat I knows of.
+Atter Freedom dey worked as wage earners and share-croppers. Some went
+to other farms to get jobs. Dat's about what dey do now, but some of dem
+saved a little money and bought farms and some started little businesses
+of deir own.
+
+"De Ku Klux didn't have much influence wid de slaves or ex-slaves. As
+soon as de war broke, dey went riding up and down de public roads to
+catch and beat niggers. My brother run off when dey got atter him. He
+went to Orangeburg County and stayed down dere.
+
+"I voted twice den, once at Prosperity and again at Newberry. I was a
+Republican, of course. Some of de Niggers of dis state was elected to
+office, but dey was not my kinfolks nor special friends. I think niggers
+ought to vote so dey could vote fer good white folks; and dey ought to
+run fer office if dey could be elected by good white folks.
+
+"I was sixteen years old when de Yankees come through dis country. Dey
+caught me in de road and made me go wid dem to Broad River where dey
+camped one night. Den dey turned me loose and told me to git. I run as
+fast as I could. I followed de setting sun, de road running towards de
+sun all de time, and got home about night.
+
+"Since freedom is come de niggers have worked mostly on farms as
+share-croppers; some as renters wid deir own crops to raise.
+
+"De present generation of niggers ain't got much sense. Dey work when
+dey want to, and have deir own way about it. De old niggers was learned
+to work when dey was little.
+
+"I don't know nothing about de Nat Turner Rebellion. I never know'd but
+one old nigger dat come from Virginia, old Ellen Abner. She lived below
+Prosperity fer a long time, in de Stoney Hills.
+
+"Yes sir, I tries to live right and git along wid everybody."
+
+
+  Source: Sam Rawls (80), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/23/37.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =District #4=
+ =May 31, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Martha Ritter=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born on Capt. John P. Kinard's place. My mammy and pa was Lucy
+and Eph Kinard who belonged to Marse Kinard. Marse Kinard was good to
+his slaves--didn't whip them much. He whipped me a little. When I was a
+little girl I slept in the big house in the room with my mistress and
+her husband, and waited on them. I worked when I got old enough, in the
+field, and anywhere around. When I wouldn't work good, my mammy whipped
+me most.
+
+"I 'member the folks cooked in skillets over an old fireplace.
+
+"After the war was over and freedom come we stayed on with Capt. Kinard,
+'till I married and then went over to Dock Renwick's place where my
+husband worked. I married Tom Renwick. We went to the church of the
+colored folks after the war, and had preachings in mornings and evenings
+and at night, too. We didn't have no nigger schools, and we didn't learn
+to read and write.
+
+"The white folks had corn-shuckings, cotton pickings at night, when the
+mistress would fix a big dinner for all working."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Ellen Renwick (79), RFD, Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Mr. G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+  Newberry, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =June 7, 1937=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born in Spartanburg County, S.C., near Glenn Springs. I can't
+'member slavery or de war, but my ma and pa who was Green Foster and his
+wife, Mary Posey Foster, always said I was a big gal when the war
+stopped, when freedom come.
+
+"We belonged to Seth Posey who had a big farm there. He was a good man,
+but sure made us work. I worked in the fields when I was small, hoed and
+picked cotton, hoed corn. They didn't give us no money for it. All we
+got was a place to sleep and a little to eat. The big man had a good
+garden and give us something from it. He raised loads of hogs, to eat
+and to sell. He sold lots of them. The young fellows hunted rabbits,
+possums, squirrels, wild turkeys, partridges, doves, and went fishing.
+The Master's wife, Miss Nancy, was good to us. She had one son, William.
+
+"Yes, I 'member my ma telling us 'bout the padder-rollers. They would
+ride around, whipping niggers.
+
+"My ma said her step-mother sold her. Sometimes they would take crowds
+of slaves to Mississippi, taking away mothers from their infant babies,
+leaving the babies on the floor.
+
+"We always shuck corn and shell it at night, on moon-light nights we
+pick cotton. On Saturday afternoons we had frolics, sometimes frolics
+'till Sunday daylight, then sleep all day Sunday.
+
+"When we got sick all the medicine we took was turpentine--dat would
+cure almost any ailment. Some of the niggers used Sampson snake weed or
+peach leaves boiled and tea drunk.
+
+"I joined the church when I was 12 years old 'cause the other girls
+joined. I think everybody ought to join a church to get their souls
+right for heaven:
+
+"I married Charley Rice in Spartanburg County, at a colored man's house,
+named Henry Fox, by a colored preacher named 'Big Eye' Bill Rice. I had
+four children, and have five grand-children. I have been living in
+Newberry about 35 years or more. I worked as a wash-woman many years.
+
+"When freedom come, my folks stayed on with Capt. Posey, and I washed
+and ironed with them later when I was big enough. I done some cooking,
+too. I could card and spin and make homespun dresses. My ma learned me.
+
+"I don't know much about Abraham Lincoln and Jeff Davis but reckon dey
+was good men. I never learned to read and write. Booker Washington, I
+reckon, is a good man."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Anne Rice (75), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+  Newberry, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Jan. 17, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"My people tells me a lot about when I was a lil' wee boy. I has a clear
+mind and I allus has had one. My folks did not talk up people's age like
+folks do dese days. Every place dat I be now, 'specially round dese
+government folks, first thing dat dey wants to know is your name. Well,
+dat is quite natu'al, but de very next question is how old you is. I
+don't know, why it is, but dey sho do dat. As my folks never talked age,
+it never worried me till jes' here of late. So dey says to me dat last
+week I give one age to de man, and now I gives another. Soon I see'd dat
+and I had to rest my mind on dat as well as de mind of de government
+folks. So I settled it at 80 years old. Dat gives me respect from
+everybody dat I sees. Den it is de truth, too, kaise I come along wid
+everybody dat is done gone and died now. De few white folks what I was
+contemperment (contemporary) wid, 'lows dat I is 80 and dey is dat, too.
+
+"You know dat I does 'member when dat Sherman man went through here wid
+dem awful mens he had. Dey 'lowed dat dey was gwine to Charlotte to git
+back to Columbia. I never is heard of sech befo' or since. We lived at
+old man Jerry Moss's in Yorkville, way back den. Yes sir, everyone said
+Yorkville, den, but dey ain't never called Gaffney like dat. Stories
+goes round 'bout Sherman shooting folks. Some say dat he shot a big rock
+off'n de State House in Columbia. My Ma and my Pa, Henry and Charity
+Rice, hid me wid dem when Sherman come along. Us never see'd him, Lawd
+God no, us never wanted to see him.
+
+"Folks allus crying hard times dese days, ain't no hard times now like
+it was atter Sherman went through Yorkville. My ma and pa give me ash
+cake and 'simmon beer to eat for days atter dat. White folks never had
+no mo', not till a new crop was grow'd. Dat year de seasons was good and
+gardens done well. Till den us nearly starved and we never had no easy
+time gitting garden seed to plant, neither.
+
+"Yes sir, if I's handy to locust I makes locust beer; den if I's handy
+to 'simmons, why den I makes 'simmon beer. Now it's jes' for to pass de
+time dat us does dat. But gwine back to de war; den it was for
+necessity. Dese young'uns now don't know what hard times is. Dey all has
+bread and meat and coffee, no matter how poor dey is. If dey had to live
+for days and weeks on ash cake and 'simmon beer, as us did den, and work
+and wait on a crop wid nothing but dat in deir bellies; den dey could
+grumble hard times. I allus tells 'em to shut up when dey starts
+anything like dat around me.
+
+"When dat crop come along, we sho did fall in and save all us could for
+de next year. Every kind of seed and pod dat grow'd we saved and dried
+for next spring or fall planting. Atter folks is once had deir belly
+aching and growling for victuals, dey ain't never gwine to throw no
+rations and things away no mo'. Young folks is powerful wasteful, but if
+something come along to break up deir good time like it did to us when
+dat man Sherman held everything up, dey sho will take heed, and dey
+won't grumble 'bout it neither, cause dey won't have no time to grumble.
+
+"Things passes over quicker sometimes dan we figures out dat dey will.
+Everything, no matter how good it be or how hard, passes over. Dey jes'
+does like dat. So dem Yankees went on somewhars, I never know'd whar,
+and everything round Yorkville was powerful relieved. Den de
+Confederate soldiers started coming across Broad River. Befo' dey got
+home, word had done got round dat our folks had surrendered; but dem
+Yankees never fit (fought) us out--dey starved us out. If things had
+been equal us would a-been fighting dem till dis day, dat us sho would.
+I can still see dem soldiers of ours coming across Broad River, all
+dirty, filthy, and lousy. Dey was most starved, and so poor and lanky.
+And deir hosses was in de same fix. Men and hosses had know'd plenty
+till dat Sherman come along, but most of dem never know'd plenty no
+more. De men got over it better dan de hosses. Women folks cared for de
+men. Dey brewed tea from sage leaves, sassafras root and other herb
+teas. Nobody never had no money to fetch no medicine from de towns wid,
+so dey made liniments and salves from de things dat grow'd around about
+in de woods and gardens.
+
+"I told you 'bout how small I was, but my brother, Jim Rice, went to
+Charleston and helped to make dem breastworks down dar. I has never
+see'd dem, but dem dat has says dat dey is still standing in good
+conditions. Cose de Yankees tore up all dat dey could when dey got dar.
+
+"Lots of rail fences was made back in dem days. Folks had a 'no fence'
+law, dat meant dat everybody fenced in deir fields and let de stock run
+free. Hogs got wild and turkeys was already wild. Sometimes bulls had to
+be shot to keep dem from tearing up everything. But folks never fenced
+in no pasture den. Dey put a rail fence all around de fields, and in dem
+days de fields was never bigger dan ten or fifteen acres. Logs was
+plentiful, and some niggers, called 'rail splitters', never done nothing
+else but split rails to make fences.
+
+"If I recollects right, Wade Hampton broke down fence laws in dis
+country. I sho heard him talk in Yorkville. Dey writ about him in de
+Yorkville Inquirer and dey still has dat paper over dar till now. De Red
+Shirts come along and got Wade Hampton in. He scared de Yankees and
+Carpetbaggers and all sech folks as dem away from our country. Dey went
+back whar dey come from, I reckon.
+
+"De Ku Klux was de terriblest folks dat ever crossed my path. Who dey
+was I ain't never know'd, but dey took Alex Leech to Black's Ford on
+Bullet Creek and killed him for being a radical. It was three weeks
+befo' his folks got hold of his body.
+
+"Dr. Bell's calves got out and did not come back for a long time. Mrs.
+Bell fear'd dat dey was gitting wild, so she sent de milk girl down on
+de creek to git dem calves. Dat girl had a time, but she found 'em and
+drove 'em back to de lot. De calves give her a big chase and jumped de
+creek near a big raft of logs dat had done washed up from freshets. All
+over dem logs she saw possums, musrats and buzzards a-setting around.
+She took her stick and drove dem all away, wid dem buzzards puking at
+her. When dey had left, she see'd uncle Alex laying up dar half e't up
+by all dem varmints.
+
+"She know'd dat it must be him. When she left, dem buzzards went back to
+deir perch. First thing dey done was to lap up deir own puke befo' dey
+started on uncle Alex again. Yes sir, dat's de way turkey buzzards does.
+Dey pukes on folks to keep dem away, and you can't go near kaise it be's
+so nasty; but dem buzzards don't waste nothing. Little young buzzards
+looks like down till dey gits over three days old. You can go to a
+buzzard roost and see for yourself, but you sho better stay out'n de way
+of de old buzzard's puke. Dey sets around de little ones and keeps
+everything off by puking.
+
+"Pacolet used to be called Buzzard Roost, kaise in de old days dey had a
+rail outside de bar-room dat de drunks used to hang over and puke in a
+gully. De buzzards would stay in dat gully and lap up dem drunkards'
+puke. One night a old man went in a drunkard's sleep in de bar-room. De
+bar tender shoved him out when he got ready to close, and he rolled up
+against dis here rail dat I am telling you about. He 'lowed dat next
+morning when he woke up, two buzzards was setting on his shirt front
+eating up his puke. He said, 'You is too soon', and grabbed one by de
+leg and wrung his head off. But befo' he could git its head wrung off it
+had done puked his own puke back on him. He said dat was de nastiest
+thing he ever got into, and dat he never drunk no more liquor. Dem days
+is done past and gone, and it ain't nobody hardly knows Pacolet used to
+be called Buzzard Roost.
+
+"Lawd have mercy, white folks! Here I is done drapped plumb off'n my
+subject; but a old man's mind will jes' run waa'ry at times. Me and Joe,
+Alex's son, went to see de officer 'bout gitting Joe's pa buried. He
+'lowed dat Alex's body was riddled wid bullets; so we took him and put
+his bones and a little rotten flesh dat dem buzzards had left, in de box
+we made, and fetched it to de site and buried him. Nobody ever seed Alex
+but me, Joe, and dat gal dat went atter dem calves. Us took shovels and
+throw'd his bones in de box. When we got de top nailed on, we was both
+sick. Now, things like dat don't come to pass. I still thinks of de
+awful days and creeps runs all over me yet.
+
+"All my brothers, sisters, mother and father is done gone. And I is
+looking to leave befo' a great while. I is trying every day to git
+ready, Lawd. I been making ready for years. Smart mens tries to make you
+live on, but dey can't git above death. Tain't no use."
+
+
+  Source: Jesse Rice (80), Littlejohn St., Gaffney, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. 1/8/38
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =June 15, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I'm living on Mr. Russel Emmitt's place. I never did nothing but drive
+cows when I was a little boy growing up. Miss Cum and Miss Lizzie Rice
+was Marse Alex's sisters. Marse Alex done died, and dey was my mistress.
+Dey tuck and sold de plantation afo dey died, here 'bout twenty years
+ago. Dat whar my ma found me and den she died.
+
+"My grandparents, Jane and Peter Stevens, brung me up. I was a little
+farm boy and driv cows fer de overseer, Jim Blalock. Miss Cum was really
+Miss Ann. Miss Ann had a hundred niggers, herself, and Miss Lizzie had
+might nigh dat many, asides dem what Marse Alex done left 'em. De
+overseer try to act rough out o' Miss Ann's sight, and she find it out
+and set him down a peg.
+
+"Miss Jane have our shirts made on de looms. She let us wear long shirts
+and go in our shirt tails, and us had to keep 'em clean, too, 'cause
+Miss Jane never like no dirt around her. Miss Jane have charge of de
+whole house and everything along wid it.
+
+"Us had three hundred hogs to tend to, two hundred yellings and heifers,
+and Lawdy knows how many sheep and goats. Us fed dem things and kept 'em
+fat. When butchering time come, us stewed out the mostest lard and we
+had enough side-meat to supply the plantation the year round. Our wheat
+land was fertilized wid load after load of cotton seed. De wheat us
+raised was de talk of de country side. 'Sides dat, dare was rye, oats
+and barley, and I ain't said nothing 'bout de bottom corn dat laid in de
+cribs from year to year.
+
+"Our smokehouse was allus full o' things to eat, not only fer de white
+folks but fer de darkies as well. And our barns carried feed fer de
+cattle from harvest to harvest.
+
+"De fattest of all de hosses, was Miss Ann's black saddle hoss called,
+'Beauty'. Miss Ann wo' de longest side-saddle dress dat hung way down
+below her feets. Somebody allus had to help her on and off Beauty, but
+n'ary one of her brothers could out-ride Miss Ann."
+
+
+  Source: Phillip Rice (75), Kelton, S.C. RFD
+  Interviewed by: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (5/7/37)
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =Stiles M. Scruggs=
+ =Columbia, S.C.=
+
+=_THE POT OF GOLD._=
+
+
+Martha Richardson, who tells this story, lives at 924 Senate Street,
+Columbia, S.C. Her father was an Indian and her mother a mulatto. She
+was born in Columbia in 1860 and was five years old, when General W.T.
+Sherman's Federal troops captured and burned the city in 1865.
+
+"When I gits big 'nough to pick up chips for de cook stove, we was
+livin' in de rear of Daniel Gardner's home, on Main Street, and my mammy
+was workin' as one of de cooks at de Columbia Hotel. De hotel was run by
+Master Lowrance, where de Lorick & Lowrance store is now.
+
+"My daddy, like de general run of Indians, love to hunt but de game not
+bring much cash in. My mammy often give him some change (money) and he
+not work much but he always good to mammy and she love him and not fuss
+at him, much. I soon learn dat if it had not been for mammy, we wouldn't
+a had much to eat and wear. We go 'long lak dat for a good while and my
+mammy have friends 'nough dat she seldom had to ask for a job.
+
+"De game was so scarce dat my daddy sometimes make a little money a
+showin' people how to make Indian medicine, dat was good for many
+complaints, how to cover deir houses, and how to kill deir hogs,
+'cordin' to de moon. He tell us many times 'bout de great Catawba
+Indians, who make all deir own medicines and kill bears and dress in
+deir skins, after feastin' on deir flesh. He was a good talker.
+
+"You know, I sees so much 'skimpin', to make ends meet at home, as we go
+'long dis way, dat I has never married. My mammy tell me: 'Honey, you a
+pretty child. You grow up and marry a fine, lovin' man lak your daddy,
+and be happy.' I kinda smile but I thinks a lot. If my daddy had worked
+and saved lak my mammy, we would be 'way head of what we is, and my
+brudders say so, too. But we fond of our daddy, he so good lookin' and
+all.
+
+"What de most 'citin' thing I ever see? Well, I think de Red Shirt
+campaign was. You never see so much talkin', fightin', and fussin' as
+dat. You know de Yankees was still here and they not 'fraid, and de
+Hampton folks was not 'fraid, so it was a case of knock down and drag
+out most of de time, it seem to me. Long at de end, dere was two
+governors; one was in de Wallace House and one in de Capitol. Men went
+'bout town wid deir guns.
+
+"Mammy keep busy cookin', nussin', and washin', and us chillun help. You
+know I had two brudders older than me and a little baby brudder 'bout a
+year old, when my mammy rent a small farm from Master Greenfield, down
+at de end of Calhoun Street, near de Broad River. We plant cotton. I was
+then eleven years old and my brudder was twelve and thirteen. My mammy
+help us plant it befo' she go to work at de hotel.
+
+"She was home washin', one day, when my brudders and me was choppin'
+cotton. We chop 'til 'bout eleven o'clock dat mornin' and we say: 'When
+we gits out de rows to de big oak tree we'll sit down and rest.' We
+chillun lak each other and we joke and work fast 'til we comes to de end
+of de rows and in de shade of de big oak. Then we sets down, dat is, my
+oldest brudder and me, 'cause my young brudder was a little behind us in
+his choppin'. As he near de finish, his hoe hit somethin' hard and it
+ring. Ha rake de dirt 'way and keep diggin', light lak.
+
+"What you doin', brudder?' I say. He say: 'Tryin' to find out what dis
+is. It seem to be a pot lid.' Then we jump up and go to him and all of
+us grabble dirt 'way and sho' 'nough it was a pot lid and it was on a
+pot. We digs it out, thinkin' it would be a good thing to take home. It
+was so heavy, it take us all to lift it out.
+
+"It was no sooner out than we takes off de lid and we is sho' s'prised
+at what we see. Big silver dollars lay all over de top. We takes two of
+them and drops them together and they ring just lak we hear them ring on
+de counters. Then we grabble in de pot for more. De silver went down
+'bout two inches deep. Twenty dollar gold pieces run down 'bout four
+inches or so and de whole bottom was full of big bundles of twenty
+dollar greenbacks.
+
+"We walks up to de house feelin' pretty big and my oldest brudder was
+singin':
+
+    'Hawk and buzzard went to law,
+    Hawk come back wid a broken jaw.'
+
+"Mammy say widout lookin' at us: 'What you all comin' to dinner so soon
+for?' Then she looked up and see de pot and say: 'Land sakes, what you
+all got?' Then we puts de big pot down in de middle of de floor and
+takes off de lid, and mammy say: 'Oh! Let's see what we has!' She begin
+to empty de pot and to count de money. She tell us to watch de door and
+see dat nobody got in, 'cause she not at home!
+
+"She say de money 'mount to $5,700, and she swear us not to say nothin'
+'bout findin' it. She would see what she could find out 'bout it. Weeks
+after dat, she tell us a big white friend tell her he hear a friend of
+his buried some money and went to war widout tellin' anybody where it
+was. Maybe he was killed and dat all we ever hear.
+
+"My mammy kept it and we all work on just de same and she buy these two
+lots on Senate Street. She build de two-story house here at 924, where
+you sittin' now, and de cottage nex' door. She always had rent money
+comin' in ever since. By and by she die, after my Indian pappy go 'way
+and never come back. Then all de chillun die, 'ceptin' me.
+
+"I am so happy dat I is able to spend my old days in a sort of ease,
+after strugglin' most of my young life and gittin' no learnin' at
+school, dat I sometimes sing my mammy's old song, runnin' somethin' lak
+dis:
+
+    'Possum up de simmon tree
+    Sparrow on de ground
+    'Possum throw de 'simmons down
+    Sparrow shake them 'round'."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project#-1655=
+ =Phoebe Faucette=
+ =Hampton County=
+
+ =Approx. 416 words=
+
+=MAMIE RILEY=
+
+=Ex-Slave=
+
+
+"Aunt Mamie's" hair is entirely white. She lives in a neat duplex brick
+house with one of her husband's relatives, a younger woman who is a cook
+for a well established family in Estill, S.C. When questioned about the
+times before the war, she replied:
+
+"Yes'm, I kin tell you 'bout slav'ry time, 'cause I is one myself. I
+don' remember how old I is. But I remember when de Yankees come through
+I bin 'bout so high. (She put her hand out about 3-1/2 feet from the
+floor.) We lived on Mr. Henry Solomons' place--a big place. Mr. Henry
+Solomons had a plenty of people--three rows of house, or four.
+
+"When de Yankees come through Mr. Solomons' place I wuz right dere. We
+wuz at our house in de street. I see it all. My ma tell me to run; but I
+ain't think they'd hurt me. I see 'em come down de street--all of 'em on
+horses. Oo--h, dey wuz a heap of 'em! I couldn't count 'em. My daddy run
+to de woods--he an' de other men. Dey ran right to de graveyard. Too
+mucha bush been dere. You couldn't see 'em. Stay in de woods three days.
+
+"Dey went to my daddy's house an' take all. My daddy ran. My mother an'
+my older sister wuz dere. My ma grab a quilt off de bed an' cover
+herself all over wid it--head an' all. And set in a chair dere by de
+fire. She tell us to git in de bed--but I ain't git in. And she yell out
+when she hear 'em comin': 'Dere's de fever in heah!' Six of 'em come to
+de door; but dey say dey ain't goin' in--dey'll catch de fever. Den some
+more come along. Dey say dey gwine in. Dey ain't gwine to take no fever.
+Fill two sack of 'tatoes. White man ask to search all trunk. Dey take
+two of me Ma's good dresses out. Say to wrap 'tatoes in. I start to
+cryin' den, an' dey say, 'Well, git us some sacks den.' I knowed where
+some sacks wuz. I git 'em de sacks. Dey do 'em right. Dey bid 'em
+goodbye, an' ax 'em where de man wuz. Dey give me 'leven or twelve
+dollars. I wuz little an' ain't know. My mother never give it to me.
+
+"I stay right on dere after freedom, until after I married."
+
+  Source: Mamie Riley, Negro about 80 years old, Estill, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 24, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born near Broad River in de Dutch Fork of Newberry County. I was
+a slave of Cage Suber. He was a fair master, but nothing to brag about.
+I was small at slavery time and had to work in de white folks' house or
+around the house until I was big enough to go to de field and work.
+
+"Old Marse Cage always made me fan flies off of him when he lay down to
+take a nap. The fan was made out of brushes.
+
+"De white folks had cotton-pickings, corn-shuckings and quiltings. Dey
+allus had something to eat at the frolics and I had to help wid 'em.
+
+"I married John Riser. I moved to town several years ago."
+
+
+  Source: Susie Riser (80), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C., May 17, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =Henry Grant,=
+ =Columbia, S.C.=
+
+=ISOM ROBERTS=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 80 YEARS OLD_=
+
+
+Isom Roberts rents one room at 1226 Waverly Street, Columbia, S.C., and
+lives alone. However frail he appears, he is able to support himself by
+working in the yards about the city.
+
+"Well, sir, white folks, I is eighty years old, or leastwise I is so
+close to it, dat it don't make much difference. But even if I is dat
+old, it don't seem so long since I was a little boy. Years flies by
+mighty fas' to old folks, 'cause deir 'memberance is shorter, while
+young folks 'members everything, and in dat way months and years drags
+'long slower to them.
+
+"I was a very small boy when de Civil War was gwine on. It seems like I
+knows all 'bout Sherman's army comin' through dis State, a burnin'
+Columbia and destroyin' and takin' away everything what folks had. I has
+heard so much 'bout slavery and all them times, from my mammy and daddy,
+dat it 'pears to me dat I 'sperienced it all. I 'spects knowin' 'bout
+things is just 'bout as good and true as seein' them. Don't you?
+
+"My daddy and mammy b'long to Marster Sam Louie, who had a big
+plantation over in Calhoun County. He had 'bout fifty or more grown
+slaves, 'sides many chillun of de slaves. Old marster was a good farmer;
+raised big crops and saved what he made. He sho' was a fine business man
+but he was mighty hard on everybody he had anything to do wid. He told
+his slaves to work hard and make him a heap of money and that he would
+keep it, in case of hard times. Times was all de time hard wid old
+marster but de niggers never got no money. When news spread 'round dat
+de Yankees was comin' to free de niggers, he called all de slaves up in
+de yard and showed them a big sack of money, what they had made for
+him, and told them dat he was gwine to kill all of them befo' de Yankees
+set them free and that they wouldn't need no money after they was done
+dead. All de slaves was mighty sad and troubled, all dat day, when old
+marster made dat speech to them. But somethin' happened. It most makes
+me tremble to talk to you 'bout it now. Providence, or some kind of
+mercy spirit, was sho' walkin' 'round dat plantation dat night. Sometime
+in de night it was whispered 'round amongst de slaves dat old marster
+done took de smallpoxes and was mighty sick. Mammy said he must have
+been terrible sick, 'cause they buried him two days after dat.
+
+"After old marster flew away, everything was different on de plantation.
+Miss Nancy, dat was old marster's wife, told de slaves dat when de
+Yankees freed them, they could stay right there and work on shares or by
+the day, which ever way they wanted. Many stayed on de plantation after
+freedom while others went away. Me and my folks stayed on wid Miss Nancy
+until she die. Then us moved on another plantation in de lower side of
+de county. I stayed dere until my wife died, seventeen years ago.
+
+"Does I 'member anything 'bout how de slaves was treated in slavery
+time? Well, I 'members a little myself and a heap of what others told
+me. Wid dis I has done told you, I believes I want to stop right dere. A
+low fence is easier to git over than a high one. Say little and you
+ain't gwine to have a heap to 'splain hereafter. Dere is a plenty of
+persons dat has lost deir heads by not lettin' deir tongues rest.
+Marster Sam Louie is dead now. He can't disturb nobody in his grave. He
+had his faults and done many things wrong but show me dat person what
+don't mis-step sometimes. All of us, both white and black, is prone to
+step aside now and then. To tell de truth, old marster never knowed what
+Sunday was. Everybody on de plantation worked on dat day as same as any
+other day.
+
+"But Boss, if my old marster was rough and hard and break de Sabbath and
+all dat, he was no worser than what young white folks and niggers is
+dese days. You can see them any time, floppin' 'bout in dese
+automobiles, a drinkin' and a carryin' on. Sich stuff is abomination in
+de sight of a decent person, much less dat One up yonder. (He pointed
+upward).
+
+"I's gwine to tell you boss, dat slavery time was better for de average
+nigger than what they is gittin' now. Folks say dat slavery was wrong
+and I 'spose it was, but to be poor like a heap of niggers is now, is de
+worse thing dat has ever come upon them, I thinks. Dis gittin' something
+wrong, ain't right. De North had no business sellin' niggers to de South
+and de South had no business buyin' them from de North and makin' slaves
+of them. Everything went on pretty nice for awhile, then de North got
+jealous of de South and de South got 'spicious of de North. I believes
+dat if you can't go over and you can't go under, then you should try to
+go 'round. If de big men up North and here in de South had been good
+'nough and smart 'nough, they might could a gone 'round dat terrible
+Civil War. I believes dat.
+
+"I marry Lucy Nelson when I was 'bout thirty years old. She was a bright
+skin nigger, much brighter than I is. She was high tempered and high
+spirited, too. She was sho' smart, and de best cook I has ever seen.
+Just plain corn bread, dat she cooked in de hot ashes of de fireplace,
+taste sweeter and better than de cake you buy now. But de least thing
+would git her temper 'roused. I has knowed her to complain wid de old
+hound dog us had, 'cause he didn't run some rabbits out de woods for me
+to shoot. Fuss wid de cats, 'cause they didn't ketch de mouses in de
+house. Quarrel wid de hens, 'cause they eat, cackled, scratched and
+wallowed holes in de yard and wouldn't lay. Told de old rooster many
+times dat she was gwine to chop his head off if he didn't crow sooner
+and louder of mornin's and wake me up so I could go to work. All dis
+sounds foolish I knows but you see how bent my back is. Well, I 'spects
+it was bent from totin' so many buckets of water from de spring for her
+to wash wid soon of mornin's, so I could then do a day's work.
+
+"My wife thought she was doin' right by workin' like she did. She
+thought dat she was helpin' me make a livin' for our big family of eight
+chillun. Yes sir, I knows now she was right, but hard work broke her
+health and brought her to her bed where she lingered 'bout one year and
+then she went away from me. All dis took place seventeen years ago and,
+from then to dis, I ain't seen no woman I would have for a wife, 'cause
+I ain't gwine to find no woman Lucy's equal. All my chillun are dead,
+'cept two, and I don't know where they is.
+
+"Does poor folks have any blessings and pleasure? Well, yes sir, in a
+way. You see they don't have no worriments over what they has, like rich
+folks. They can sleep as hot as they want to in de summer time and raise
+as big families as anybody. Sho', poor folks, and especially niggers,
+has a good time on hog-killin' days. In early summer come them juicy
+brierberries dat they enjoy so much. They last until watermelon season.
+Then they has 'possum and 'tators in de fall. Most all livin' beings has
+deir own way of doin' things and deir way of existin'. De hog roots for
+his, de squirrel climbs for his, de chickens scratches for deirs, and de
+nigger, well, if dere ain't nobody lookin', I reckon they could slip
+deirs right handy.
+
+"I sho' has enjoyed talkin' to you dis evening and now, if you will
+'scuse me, I's gwine home and cook me a pot of turnips. I can almost
+taste them now, I is so hungry."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=ALEXANDER ROBERTSON=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 84 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Alexander Robertson lives as a member of the household of his son,
+Charley, on the General Bratton plantation, four miles southeast of
+White Oak, S.C. It is a box-like house, chimney in the center, four
+rooms, a porch in front and morning glory vines, in bloom at this
+season, climbing around the sides and supports. Does Alexander sit here
+in the autumn sunshine and while the hours away? Nay, in fact he is
+still one of the active, working members of the family, ever in the
+fields with his grandchildren, poke around his neck, extracting fleecy
+cotton from the bolls and putting it deftly into the poke. He can carry
+his row equally as well as any of the six grandchildren. He has a good
+appetite at meal time, digestive organs good, sleeps well, and is the
+early riser in the mornings. He says the Negro half of his nature
+objects to working on Saturday afternoon, and at such times his tall
+figure, with a green patch cloth over the left eye, which is sightless,
+may be seen strolling to and fro on the streets of Winnsboro.
+
+"Well, well! If it ain't de youngun dat use to sell me sugar, coffee,
+fat back and meal, when he clerk for Calvin Brice & Company, at
+Woodward, in '84 and 'long dere.
+
+"I hopes you is well dis mornin'. I's told to come to Winnsboro and gits
+blanks for a pension. Andy Foster, man I knows, d'rect me up dese steps
+and bless God I finds you. You wanna ask me some questions? Well, here I
+is, more than glad to answer, if I can. Where I born? Strange as it
+seems, I born right here in Winnsboro. My name set down in a book:
+'Alexander-boy-mother, Hannah, wench of James Stewart'. Dat de way it
+was read to me by Dr. Beaty, dat marry a Miss Cherry and live in Rock
+Hill. If slavery had never been done 'way wid, dat would be my master
+today, 'cause him lak hound dogs and I lak a hound dog. Dat kind of
+breed got a good nose and make good 'possum dog. Marster Jim tell me one
+time, dat de first dog sprung from a wolf, and dat fust dog was a hound
+dog. Dat out dat fust dog, (must to a been a bitch, don't you reckon?)
+come all dogs. I follow his talk wid belief, 'bout de setters, pointers,
+and blood hounds, even to de fices, but it strain dat belief when it git
+to de little useless hairy pup de ladies lead 'round wid a silver collar
+and a shiney chain. Well, you don't care to hear anymore 'bout dat? What
+is de question?
+
+"My master at de fust, was Marster Jim Stewart and my mistress was his
+wife, Mistress Clara. They have two chillun. I 'member Marster Jim and
+Miss Lizzie; they live in a fine house befo' de war, 'round yonder close
+to Mt. Zion College. My mother was de cook and I was de house boy. They
+had a big plantation 'bout two miles out, sorta southwest of Boro, I
+mean Winnsboro, of course, but de country people still call it Boro.
+
+"On dat plantation was many two-room houses, brick chimneys in de
+middle, for de plantation slaves. In de growin' season I go wid marster
+every day, not to drive, too small for dat, just to hold de hoss, when
+him git out and then I run errands for him, 'round de house and in de
+fields.
+
+"My mother had another child, Willie Finch. A colored man name of Finch
+is his father but her and de white folks never tell me who my father
+was. I have to find out dat for myself, after freedom, when I was
+lookin' 'round for a name. From all I hear and 'pear in de lookin'
+glass, I see I was half white for sure, and from de things I hear, I
+conclude I was a Robertson which have never been denied. Maybe it best
+just to give no front names. Though half a nigger, I have tried to live
+up to dat name, never took it in dat court house over yonder, never
+took it in dat jail or dat calaboose. I's paid my debts dollar for
+dollar and owe no man nothin' but good will.
+
+"What de Yankees do when they come? Let other people tell dat, but seem
+lak they lay de whole town in ashes, 'cept de college and our house
+close to it, dat they use for de officers while they was in Boro. Why
+they hear sumpin' bout de Davis name techin' de St. John 'Piscopal
+Church and they march 'round dere, one cold February Sunday mornin', set
+it afire, and burn it up. Mother and me went to de plantation and stayed
+dere 'til they left.
+
+"When freedom come, I was twelve years old. Mother marry a Finch; Bill
+was de name of him. Our nex' move was to Dr. Madden's place, just north
+of Boro. Us farm up dere and I do de hoein'. I live dere thirteen years.
+I got to feelin' my oats and tired of workin' for a plum black nigger, I
+did. Maybe I ought to been more humble but I wasn't.
+
+"I ask myself one night: 'What you gonna do, stay here forever for your
+vittles and clothes?' Then come over my mind I old 'nough for to marry.
+Who I gwine to marry? It pop right in dis head, Sarah was de gal for me.
+I rode old Beck down dere de nex' Sunday; dat was in December. I come
+right to de point wid her and de old folks. They 'low they have no
+objections if I could take care of her. I say I try to. They say: 'Dat
+ain't 'nough, 'range yourself for another year and then come and git
+her'.
+
+"De Lord directs me. I's down here payin' my poll, too. Marster Tom
+Shanty Brice come in as us come out. I ask him if he need a hand for
+nex' year. He look me up from top to bottom and say: 'What's your name?'
+I show him my tax receipt. He hire me than and dere. I go right straight
+to Sarah and us tell de old folks. Rev. Gordon marry us de 29th of
+January, 1879. Us has seven chillun. Alex, dat's de one name for me, is
+in Tampa, Florida. Carrie marry a Coleman and is in Charlotte, N.C.
+Jimmie is dead. Thomas is in Charleston, S.C. Emma marry a Belton and
+lives wid her husband in Ridgeway, S.C. I stay wid my son, Charley, up
+de country.
+
+"I voted one time in 1876, for Gov. Chamberlain, but when I moved to
+Marster Tom Brice's I thought so much of him, I just quit voting. I
+would lak to vote one more time to say: 'I have vote one time wid de
+black part of my nature, dis time I votes wid de white side of my
+nature.' What you laughin' 'bout? If it was de call of dark blood de
+fust time, maybe it's de call of de white blood dis time. You have no
+idea de worry and de pain a mulatto have to carry all his eighty-four
+years. Forced to 'sociate wid one side, proud to be related to de other
+side. Neither side lak de color of your skin. I jine de Methodist church
+here in Boro and 'tend often as I can and as I hear my preacher Owens
+preach, dat dere will be no sex in hebben, I hopes and prays dat dere'll
+be no sich thing as a color line in hebben.
+
+"Who de best white men I ever know? Mr. Tom Brice, Mr. W.L. Rosborough,
+Mr. Watt Sinonton, and Mr. August Nicholson. Master Bill Beaty, dat
+marry my young mistress, Elizabeth, was a fine man.
+
+"What I think of Abe Lincoln? What I think of Mr. Roosevelt? Dere de
+color come up again. De black say Mr. Lincoln de best President us ever
+have; de white say us never have had and never will have a President
+equal of Mr. Roosevelt."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=CHARLIE ROBINSON=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 87 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Charlie Robinson lives nine miles northwest of Winnsboro, S.C., on lands
+of Mr. R.W. Lemmon. There is one other occupant in the four-room house,
+John Giles, a share cropper. The house has two fireplaces, the brick
+chimney being constructed in the center of the two main rooms. The other
+two rooms are shed rooms. Charlie ekes out a living as a day laborer on
+the farm.
+
+"They been tellin' me to come to de social circle and see 'bout my
+pension but I never is got dere. It been so hot, I hate to hotfoot it
+nine miles to Winnsboro and huff dat same distance back on a hot summer
+day.
+
+"Glad you come out here but sorry of de day, 'cause it is a Friday and
+all de jay-birds go to see de devil dat day of de week. It's a bad day
+to begin a garment, or quilt or start de lye hopper or 'simmon beer keg
+or just anything important to yourself on dat day. Dere is just one good
+Friday in de year and de others is given over to de devil, his imps, and
+de jay-birds. Does I believe all dat? I believes it 'nough not to patch
+dese old breeches 'til tomorrow and not start my 'simmon beer, when de
+frost fall on them dis fall, on a Friday.
+
+"You wants me to set down so you can ask me sumpin'? I'll do dat! Of
+course I will! (He proceeded to do so--wiping his nose on his sleeve and
+sprawling down on the doorsill). My pappy name George, black George they
+call him in slavery time, 'cause dere was a small yallow slave on de
+place, named George. My mammy name Ca'line. My pappy b'long to de
+McNeals and my mammy b'long to Marse Joe Beard. His wife was my
+mistress. Her name Miss Gracie. 'Nitials? Dat sumpin' not in my lingo,
+Boss. You want to know what my pappy's old marster name? Seem to me they
+call him Marse Gene, though it been so long I done forgot. When my
+marster went to de war him got a ball through his leg. Bad treatment of
+dat leg give him a limp for de balance of his days. White folks call him
+'Hoppin' Joe Beard' and sometime 'Lopin' Joe'.
+
+"Marster and mistress have two chillun. I play marbles wid them and make
+mud pies. Deir names was Marse Willie and Miss Rhoda.
+
+"My brudders and sisters was Jeff, Roland, Jane and Fannie. All dead
+'cept Fannie. Her marry a big, long nigger name Saul Griffin. Last I
+heard of them, they was livin' in Columbia, S.C.
+
+"I start workin' in de field de second year of de war, 1862. It sho'
+made me hungry. I 'members now, how I'd git a big tin cupful of pot
+liquor from de greens, crumble corn bread in it at dinner time and 'joy
+it as de bestest part of de dinner. Us no suffer for sumpin' to eat. I
+go all summer in my shirt-tail and in de winter I have to do de best I
+can, widout any shoes. Ever since then, I just lak to go barefooted as
+you sees me now.
+
+"My pappy git a pass and come to see mammy every Saturday night. My
+marster had just four slave houses on de place. 'Spect him have 'bout
+eight women, dat men come from other places to see and marry them and
+have chillun. I doesn't 'member nary one of de women havin' a husband
+livin' wid her every night.
+
+"Who do de plowin'? Women and boys do de plowin'. Had good 'nough
+houses, though they was made of logs, 'cup and saddled' at both ends,
+and covered wid white oak board shingles. Had stick and mud chimneys.
+
+"De Yankees made a clean sweep of everything, hosses, mules, cows, hogs,
+meat and 'lasses. Got so mad when they couldn't find any salt, they burn
+up everything. Pull Marse Joe's beard, just 'cause him name Beard. De
+one dat do dat was just a smart aleck and de cap'n of de crowd shame
+him and make him slink 'way, out de house.
+
+"When freedom come, Marse Joe stay one year, then leave. Sell out and
+move to Walhalla and us move to pappy on de McNeal place. Dat year us
+all jined de church, Union Church. I now b'longs to New Hope Methodist
+Church. Us nex' move to Mr. Bill Crawford's place. Mr. Crawford got to
+be school commissioner on de 'publican ticket and white folks call him
+scalawag. Him have pappy and all de colored folks go to de 'lection box
+and vote. Ku Klux come dere one night and whip every nigger man they
+could lay deir hands on. Things quiet down then but us no more go to de
+'lection box and vote.
+
+"'Bout dis time thoughts of de gals got in my head and feets at de same
+time. I was buyin' a biled shirt and celluloid collar, in Mr. Sailing
+Wolf's store, one Saturday, and in walked Ceily Johnson. I commence to
+court her right then and dere, befo' I ever git inside dat shirt and
+collar. Her have dark skin and was good to look at, I tell you. I
+de-sash-shay 'bout dat gal, lak a chicken rooster spread his wing 'round
+a pretty black pullet, 'til I wear out her indifference and her make me
+happy by marryin' me. Her was too good lookin' and too bad doin',
+though, for me. She left by de light of de moon when us was livin' on de
+Cummings place, 'bove town. Excuse me now, dat's still a fresh subject
+of torment to me. Let's talk 'bout chances of gittin' dat pension, when
+I can git another clean white shirt, lay 'round de white folks again,
+and git dis belly full of pot liquor."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon.=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=AL ROSBORO=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Al Rosboro, with his second wife, Julia, a daughter, and six small
+grandchildren, lives in a three-room frame house, three hundred yards
+east of the Southern Railway track and US #21, about two miles south of
+Woodward, S.C., in Fairfield County. Mr. Brice gives the plot of ground,
+four acres with the house, to Al, rent free. A white man, Mr. W.L.
+Harvey does the ploughing of the patches for him. Al has cataracts on
+his eyes and can do no work. Since this story was written he has
+received his first old age pension check of eight dollars from the
+Social Welfare Board in Columbia, S.C.
+
+"Does I know what a nonagenarian is? No seh, what dat? Old folks? Well,
+dats a mighty long name and I been here a mighty long time. Glad you say
+it's a honor and a privilege by de mercy of de Lord. I's thankful! You
+wants to know where I was born and who my white folks then?
+
+"I was born just one and a half mile b'low White Oak, S.C., on de old
+Marse Billie Brice place. My pappy b'long to old Miss Jennie Rosboro,
+but mammy b'long to Marse William Brice. Her name Ann. My old mistress
+name Mary, daughter of de Simontons, on Dumpers Creek.
+
+"You wants de fust thing I 'members, then travel 'long de years 'til I
+come to settin' right here in dis chair. Well, reckon us git through
+today? Take a powerful sight of dat pencil to put it all down.
+
+"Let me see. Fust thing I 'members well, was a big crowd wid picks and
+shovels, a buildin' de railroad track right out de other side of de big
+road in front of old marster's house. De same railroad dat is dere
+today. When de fust engine come through, puffin' and tootin', lak to
+scare 'most everybody to death. People got use to it but de mules and
+bosses of old marster seem lak they never did. A train of cars a movin'
+'long is still de grandest sight to my eyes in de world. Excite me more
+now than greyhound busses, or airplanes in de sky ever do.
+
+"I nex' 'members my young misses and young marsters. Dere was Marse
+John; he was kilt in de war. Marse Jim, dat went to de war, come back,
+marry, and live right here in Winnsboro. Marse Jim got a grandson dat am
+in de army a sailin' air-ships. Then dere was Marse William; he moved
+off. One of de gals marry a Robertson, I can't 'member her name, tho' I
+help her to make mud pies many a day and put them on de chicken coop, in
+de sun, to dry. Her had two dolls; deir names was Dorcas and Priscilla.
+When de pies got dry, she'd take them under de big oak tree, fetch out
+de dolls and talk a whole lot of child mother talk 'bout de pies, to de
+Dorcas and Priscilla rag dolls. It was big fun for her tho' and I can
+hear her laugh right now lak she did when she mince 'round over them
+dolls and pies. Dere was some poor folks livin' close by and she'd send
+me over to 'vite deir chillun over to play wid her. They was name
+Marshall. Say they come from Virginny and was kin to de highest judge in
+de land. They was poor but they was proud. Mistress felt sorry for them
+but they wouldn't 'cept any help from her.
+
+"Well, when I git twelve years old, marster give me to his son, Marse
+Calvin, and give Marse Calvin a plantation dat his son, Homer, live on
+now. I 'member now old marster's overseer comin' to de field; his name
+was McElduff. Him say: 'Al, Marse William say come to de house'. I goes
+dere on de run. When I git dere, him 'low: 'Calvin, I wants you to take
+Al, I give him to you. Al, you take good care of your young marster'. I
+always did and if Marse Calvin was livin' he'd tell you de same.
+
+"I forgit to tell you one thing dat happen down dere befo' I left. Dere
+was a powerful rich family down dere name Cockrell; I forgits de fust
+name. Him brudder tho', was sheriff and live in Winnsboro. Dere was a
+rich Mobley family dat live jinin' him, two miles sunrise side of him.
+One day de Cockrell cows got out and played thunder wid Mr. Mobley's
+corn. Mr. Mobley kilt two of de cows. Dat made de Cockrells mad. They
+too proud to go to law 'bout it; they just bide deir time. One day Marse
+Ed Mobley's mules got out, come gallopin' 'round and stop in de Cockrell
+wheat field. Him take his rifle and kill two of them mules. Dat made Mr.
+Mobley mad but him too proud to go to law 'bout it. De Mobley's just
+bide deir time. 'Lection come 'round for sheriff nex' summer. No
+Cockrell was 'lected sheriff dat time. You ask Mr. Hugh Wylie 'bout dat
+nex' time him come to de Boro. Him tell you all 'bout it.
+
+"Dat call to my mind another big man, dat live 'bove White Oak then,
+Marse Gregg Cameron. He was powerful rich, wid many slaves. Him lak to
+bar-room and drink. Him come by marster's house one day, fell off his
+hoss and de hoss gallop on up de road. Dat was de fust drunk man I ever
+see. Marster didn't know what to do; him come into de house and ask
+Mistress Mary. Him tell her him didn't want to scandal de chillun. She
+say: 'What would de good Samaritan do?' Old marster go back, fetch dat
+groanin', cussin', old man and put him to bed, bathe his head, make Sam,
+de driver, hitch up de buggy, make West go wid him, and take Marse Gregg
+home. I never see or hear tell of dat white man anymore, 'til one day
+after freedom when I come down here to Robinson's Circus. Him drop dead
+dat day at de parade, when de steam piano come 'long a tootin'. 'Spect
+de 'citement, steam, and tootin', was too much for him.
+
+"Niggers never learn to read and write. It was 'ginst de law. White
+folks fear they would write deir passes and git 'way to de free states.
+
+"Us slaves 'tend Concord Church, tho' Marse Calvin jine de Seceders and
+'tend New Hope. Why us go to Concord? 'Cause it too far to walk to New
+Hope and not too far to walk to Concord. Us have not 'nough mules for
+all to ride, and then de mules need a rest. I now b'longs to Bethany
+Presbyterian Church at White Oak. Yes sah, I thinks everybody ought to
+jine de church for it's de railroad train to git to hebben on.
+
+"Marse Calvin went to de war. Him got shot thru de hand. Yankees come
+and burn up everything him have. Wheeler's men just as bad.
+
+"After freedom I got mannish. Wid not a drop of blood in me but de pure
+African, I sets out to find a mate of de pure breed. 'Bout de onliest
+place I could find one of dis hatchin', was de Gaillard quarter. I marry
+Gabrielle. Live fust years at de Walt Brice McCullough place, then move
+to de Vinson place, then to de preacher Erwin place. Dat was a fine
+preacher, him pastor for Concord. Him lak to swap hosses. When him come
+down out de pulpit him looks 'round, see a hoss him lak, soon as not him
+go home to dinner wid de owner of dat hoss. After dinner him say: 'If it
+wasn't de Sabbath, how would you trade dat hoss for my hoss?' More words
+pass between them, just supposin' all de time it was Monday. Then Mr.
+Erwin ride back dere nex' day and come back wid de hoss him took a fancy
+for.
+
+"Mr. Erwin move when he git a call to Texas. I moves to de Bob Sinonton
+place. From dere I goes to de Jim Brice place, now owned by young Marse
+James Brice. I been dere 32 years. Gabrielle and me generate thirteen
+chillun, full blooded natural born Africans, seven boys and six gals.
+Then Gabrielle die and I marry Julia Jenkins. Us have five chillun, one
+boy and four gals. I's done a heap for my country. I wants Mr. Roosevelt
+to hear 'bout dat; then maybe him make de country do sumpin' for me."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=TOM ROSBORO=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 79 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Tom Rosboro lives with his daughter, Estelle Perry, in a three-room
+frame house, on Cemetery Street, Winnsboro, S.C. The house stands on a
+half-acre plot that is used for garden truck. Estelle owns the fee in
+the house and lot. Tom peddles the truck, eggs, and chickens, in the
+town and the suburban Winnsboro mill village.
+
+"My pappy was name Tom, just lak I is name Tom. My mammy was name Sarah
+but they didn't b'long to de same marster. Pappy b'long to old Marse
+Eugene McNaul. Mammy b'long to old Marse John Propst. De ownership of de
+child followed de mammy in them days. Dat throwed me to be a slave of
+old Marse John Propst.
+
+"My young marsters was name Marse Johnnie, Marse Clark, Marse Floyd, and
+Marse Wyatt. I had two young misses. Miss Elizabeth marry a McElroy and
+Miss Mamie marry a Landecker. You know Marse Ernest Propst dat run dat
+ladies' garment store and is a member of de Winnsboro Town Council? Yes?
+Well, dat is one of Marse Floyd Propst chillun.
+
+"I hear mammy say dat daddy's mistress was name Miss Emma but her
+mistress and my mistress was name Miss Margaret. My daddy have to have a
+pass every time he come to see mammy. Sometime they give him a general
+pass for de year. Sometime him lose de pass and then such a gwine on you
+never did see de lak. Make more miration (hullabaloo) over it than if
+they had lost one of de chillun. They was scared de patarollers
+(patrollers) would come ketch him, and lay de leather whip on his naked
+back. He wouldn't dare stay long. Him would go back soon, not on de big
+road but through de woods and fields, so as not to meet de patarollers.
+
+"Who was my brothers and sisters and where is they? Brother Ben and
+Sister Mamie is dead and in glory. Dat's all de chillun mammy had a
+chance to have, 'cause she was a good woman and would never pay any
+'tention to de men slaves on de Propst place. Her was faithful to pappy
+through thick and thin, whichever it be.
+
+"I doesn't 'member much 'bout de Yankees, though I does 'members de Ku
+Klux. They visit pappy's house after freedom, shake him, and threaten
+dat, if him didn't quit listenin' to them low-down white trash scalawags
+and carpetbaggers, they would come back and whale de devil out of him,
+and dat de Klan would take notice of him on 'lection day.
+
+"When I was 'bout seventeen years old, I come to de Boro (Winnsboro) one
+Saturday evenin' and seen a tall willowy gal, black she was but shiny,
+puttin' them foots of her'n down on de pavement in a pretty gamecock
+pullet kind of way, as if to say: 'Roosters look at me.' I goes over to
+Mr. Landecker's store, de Mr. Landecker dat marry Miss Mamie Propst, and
+I begs him to give me a cigar. I lights dat cigar and puts out after
+her. I ketches up wid her just as she was comin' out of Mr. Sailing
+Wolfe's Jew store. I brush up 'ginst her and say: 'Excuse me lady.' Her
+say: 'I grants your pardon, Mister. I 'spects smoke got in your eyes and
+you didn't see me.' I say: 'Well, de smoke is out of my eyes now and
+they will never have sight for any other gal but you as long as I live.'
+Black as she was, her got red in de face and say: 'Who is you?' I say:
+'Tom Rosboro. What might be your name, lovely gal?' Her say: 'My name is
+Mattie Nelson.' I say: 'Please to meet you, Sugar Plum.' Her say: 'I
+live down at Simpson's Turnout. Glad to have you come down to see me
+sometime.' After dat us kep' a meetin' in Winnsboro, every Saturday,
+'til one day us went 'round to Judge Jno. J. Neils' law office and him
+married us. Me and Mat have our trials and tribulations and has went up
+and down de hills in all kind of weather. Us never ceased to bless dat
+day dat I run into her at Mr. Sailing Wolfe's store.
+
+"How come I name Rosboro? I just picked it up as a mighty pretty name.
+Sound better than Propst or McNaul and de Rosboro white folks was big
+buckra in dat time.
+
+"Us had lots of chillun; raise some and lost some. I have a son,
+Charlie, dat's a barber in Washington, D.C. Lucy, a daughter, marry Tank
+Hill. Nan marry Banks Smith. Estelle marry Jim Perry but her is a widow
+now. Her bought a house and lot wid de insurance money from Dr. McCants.
+She has a nice house on Cemetery Street, wid water and 'lectric lights.
+Her got four chillun. When my wife die, two years ago, I move in wid
+Estelle and her four chillun. Her make money by washin' and ironin' for
+de white folks. Me and de chillun picks cotton and 'tends to de makin'
+and de peddlin' of garden truck and sich lak. Ah, us is a happy family
+but I ain't 'bove usin' some of dat old age pension money, if I can git
+it."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+ =INTERVIEW WITH
+ REUBEN ROSBOROUGH, RIDGEWAY, S.C.=,
+ =_EX-SLAVE--82 YEARS, 3 MONTHS OLD_=
+
+
+"No sir, I can 'member nothin' 'bout de State of Verginny, where pappy
+said us was born. He told me, when I was 'bout two years old he and
+mammy Kitty was took from somewhar in dat state to Richmond, wid de
+understandin' to sell us as a family, and to give a man name Johnson, de
+preference. He say de trader couldn't find de man Johnson, and sold us
+to my marster, John Rosborough. My pappy name William, my brothers, Tom
+and Willie and my sisters, Mary and Alice.
+
+"My marster was a kind and tender man to slaves. You see a man love
+hosses and animals? Well, dat's de way he love us, though maybe in
+bigger portion, I 'low. Marster John never marry. Set down dere dat he
+was good enough to buy my old gran' mammy Mary, though she never could
+do much work.
+
+"Us knowed dat our gran'pappy was a white man back in Verginny, but dat
+was her secret, dat she kept locked in her breast and carried it wid her
+to de grave. You say I's very light color myself? So I is, so was she,
+so was pappy. Ease your mind, us had none of de white Rosborough in us.
+Us come on one side from de F.F.V's. I's proud of dat, and you can put
+down dere dat deres no poor white trash blood in dese old veins, too.
+
+"De last part of de war I worked some in de field, but not enough to
+hurt. My Marster was a Presbyterian, b'longed to Aimwell Church. Two or
+three acres in cemetery dere now, but they done move de church into de
+town of Ridgeway.
+
+"Money was not worshipped then like it is now. Not much use of it.
+Marster raised all we eat and made all we wear right dere on de place,
+'bout five miles north of Ridgeway.
+
+"I guess Marster John had forty slaves. Us live in two-story log house
+wid plank floor. Marster John die, us 'scend to his brother Robert and
+his wife Mistress Mary. I played wid her chillun. Logan was one and
+Janie the other. My marster and mistress was good to me. I use to drive
+de mules to de cotton gin. All I had to do was to set on de long beam
+and crack my whip every now and then, and de mules would go 'round and
+'round. Dere was three hundred and seventy-six acres in dat place. I own
+part of it today. I b'longs to Good Hope Church. I sure believes in de
+Lord, and dat His mercies is from everlastin' to everlastin' to them dat
+fears Him.
+
+"'Member but little 'bout de war for freedom, 'cept dat some of de
+slaves of marster was sent to de front to use pick and shovel to throw
+up breast works, and things of dat nature. My pappy was de foreman and
+stayed at home, carry on whilst Marster Robert go.
+
+"'Deed I recollects 'bout de Yankees. They come and ask my pappy, de
+foreman, where was de mules and hosses hid out? Pappy say he don't know,
+he didn't carry them off. They find out a boy dat knowed; make him tell,
+and they went and got de mules and hosses. They took everything and
+left.
+
+"Doctor Scott was our doctor. Dere was in them days lots of
+rattlesnakes; had to be keerful of them. Then us hear lots and had lots
+of chills and fever. They found de remedy, but they was way off 'bout
+what make them come on you. Some 'low it was de miasma dat de devil
+bring 'round you from de swamp and settle 'round your face whilst you
+sleep, and soon as he git you to snore you sniffed it to your liver,
+lights and gall, then dat make bile, and then you was wid de chills a
+comin' every other day and de fever all de day. Marster Doctor Hayne
+done find out dat de skeeter bring de fever and de chills, and funny,
+he 'low dat it is de female skeeter bite dat does de business. You
+believe dat? I didn't at first, 'til old Doctor Lindor tell me dat it
+was no harder to believe than dat all disease come into de world when a
+female bite a apple in de garden of Eden.
+
+"I think Mr. Lincoln was raised up by de Lord, just like Moses, to free
+a 'culiar people. I think Mr. Roosevelt is de Joshua dat come after him.
+No president has done as much for de poor of both races as de one now
+president. God bless him and 'stain him in his visions and work to bring
+de kingdom of heaven into and upon de earth."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #-1655=
+ =C.S. Murray=
+ =Charleston, S.C.=
+
+ =Approx. 430 Words.=
+
+=GOING DOWN TO DIE=
+
+(=FOLKLORE=)
+
+=STORY TOLD BY EX-SLAVE=
+
+
+Boss Man, you talk about de brave soldier who been in de last big war
+and how dey look death in de eye and spit on him. I ain't see dat war.
+It been 'cross de water. But I know sump'en 'bout de Civil War. I been
+young lad when de big gun shoot and de Yankee pile down from de north.
+
+Talk 'bout being brave. De bravest thing I ever see was one day at
+Ashepoo junction. Dat was near de end of de war. Grant was standing up
+before Richmond; Sherman was marching tump-tump through Georgia. I was a
+stripling lad den and boy-like I got to see and hear everything. One day
+more than all, de overseer sent my pappy to Ashepoo junction to get de
+mail. I gone 'long wid him. Seem like I jest had to go dat day.
+
+I member dat morning well. When I get to de junction de train start to
+come in. What a lot of train! De air fair smoke up wid dem. They come
+shouting in from Charleston, bound up-country.
+
+I stand wid my pappy near de long trestle, and see de train rock by. One
+enjine in front pulling one in de back pushing, pushing, pushing. De
+train load down wid soldier. They thick as peas. Been so many a whole
+ton been riding on de car roof. They shout and holler. I make big amaze
+to see such a lot of soldier--all going down to die.
+
+And they start to sing as they cross de trestle. One pick a banjo, one
+play de fiddle. They sing and whoop, they laugh; they holler to de
+people on de ground, and sing out, "Good-bye." All going down to die.
+
+And it seem to me dat is de most wonderful sight I ever see. All them
+soldier, laughing light, singing and shouting dat way, and all riding
+fast to battle.
+
+One soldier man say in a loud voice: "Well, boys we going to cut de
+Yankee throat. We on our way to meet him and he better tremble. Our gun
+greeze up, and our bayonet sharp. Boys we going to eat our dinner in
+hell today."
+
+I turn to my pappy and ax him how can man act like dat when they going
+down to die. He answer me: "Dat ain't nutting. They n'use to dat. Ain't
+you know soldier different?"
+
+But I say: "Pappy, you hear dem talk 'bout eat dinner in hell?"
+
+He answer me back: "They been in de army 'long time. They don't study
+hell anymore."
+
+De train still rumble by. One gang of soldier on de top been playing
+card. I see um hold up de card as plain as day, when de luck fall right.
+They going to face bullet, but yet they play card, and sing and laugh
+like they in their own house ... All going down to die.
+
+De train pull 'cross de trestle. I stand up and watch um till he go out
+of sight 'round de bend. De last thing I hear is de soldier laugh and
+sing ... All going down to die.
+
+
+  SOURCE: Interview with William Rose, 80, ex-slave of Edisto Island,
+  S.C., in 1936.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=BENJAMIN RUSSELL=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS._=
+
+
+"I was born fourteen miles north of Chester, S.C. the property of Mrs.
+Rebecca Nance. After eighty-eight years, I have a vivid recollection of
+her sympathy and the ideal relations she maintained with her slaves.
+
+"My father was just Baker, my mother just Mary. My father was bought out
+of a drove of slaves from Virginia. I have been told my mother was born
+on the Youngblood place. (Youngblood name of my mistress' people in York
+County.) My father was a slave of a Mr. Russell and lived two or three
+miles from the Nance place, where mother lived. He could only visit her
+on a written pass. As he was religiously inclined, dutiful and faithful
+as a slave, my mother encouraged the relation that included a slave
+marriage between my father and mother. My mother in time, had a log
+house for herself and children. We had beds made by the plantation's
+carpenter. As a boy I remember plowing from sun to sun, with an hour's
+intermission for dinner, and feeding the horses.
+
+"Money? Yes, sometimes white folks and visitors would give me coppers,
+3-cent pieces, and once or twice dimes. Used them to buy extra clothing
+for Sundays and fire crackers and candy, at Christmas. We had good food.
+In the busy seasons on the farm the mistress saw to it that the slaves
+were properly fed, the food cooked right and served from the big
+kitchen. We were given plenty of milk and sometimes butter. We were
+permitted to have a fowl-house for chickens, separate from the white
+folks. We wore warm clothes and stout brogan shoes in winter; went
+barefooted from April until November and wore cotton clothes in summer.
+The master and some of the women slaves spun the thread, wove the cloth
+and made the clothes. My mother lived in a two-story farm house. Her
+children were: William, Mattie and Thomas. We never had an overseer on
+the place. Sometimes she'd whip the colored children, but only when it
+was needed for correction.
+
+"Yes, sir, I went with my young master, William, to Chester Court House,
+and saw slaves put on a block and auctioned off to the highest bidder,
+just like land or mules and cattle. Did we learn to read and write? We
+were taught to read, but it was against the law to teach a slave to
+write. The Legislature passed an act to that effect. A number of cases
+in which slaves could write, the slave would forge a pass and thereby
+get away to free territory. They had a time getting them back. On one
+occasion I run in on my young master, William, teaching my Uncle Reuben
+how to write. They showed their confusion.
+
+"All slaves were compelled to attend church on Sunday. A gallery around
+the interior of the church, contained the blacks. They were permitted to
+join in the singing. Favorite preacher? Well, I guess my favorite
+preacher was Robert Russell. He was allowed sometimes to use the white
+folks school, which wasn't much in those days, just a little log house
+to hold forth in winter. In summer he got permission to have a brush
+arbor of pine tops, where large numbers came. Here they sang Negro
+spirituals. I remember one was called: 'Steal away to Jesus.'
+
+"Runaway slaves? Yes, we had one woman who was contrary enough to run
+away: Addie, she run off in the woods. My mistress hired her out to the
+McDonald family. She came back and we had to pelt and drive her away.
+
+"How did we get news? Many plantations were strict about this, but the
+greater the precaution the alerter became the slaves, the wider they
+opened their ears and the more eager they became for outside
+information. The sources were: Girls that waited on the tables, the
+ladies' maids and the drivers; they would pick up everything they heard
+and pass it on to the other slaves.
+
+"Saturday afternoons? These were given to women to do the family
+washing, ironing, etc., and the men cut fire wood, or worked in the
+garden, and special truck crops. Christmas? Christmas was a holiday, but
+the fourth of July meant very little to the slave people. Dances? There
+was lots of dancing. It was the pastime of the slave race. The children
+played shimmy and other games, imitating the white children, sometimes
+with the white folks.
+
+"The master and mistress were very particular about the slave girls. For
+instance, they would be driving along and pass a girl walking with a
+boy. When she came to the house she would be sent for and questioned
+something like this: 'Who was that young man? How come you with him?
+Don't you ever let me see you with that ape again. If you cannot pick a
+mate better than that I'll do the picking for you.' The explanation: The
+girl must breed good strong serviceable children.
+
+"No, I never saw a ghost, but there was a general belief among the race
+in ghosts, spirits, haunts and conjuration. Many believe in them yet. I
+can never forget the fright of the time my young master, William was
+going off to the war. The evening before he went, a whippoorwill lighted
+on the window sill and uttered the plaintive 'whip-poor-will.' All the
+slaves on the place were frightened and awed and predicted bad luck to
+Master Will. He took sick in war and died, just wasted away. He was
+brought back in rags toward the end of the struggle.
+
+"Mistress always gave the slaves a big dinner on New Year's Day and
+talked to us out of the catechism. She impressed on us after dinner that
+time, that we were free. Some were sorry, some hurt, but a few were
+silent and glad. I and many of the others had been well treated. When we
+were sick she visited us and summoned a doctor the first thing, but the
+remedies those days were castor oil, quinine, turpentine, mustard
+plaster and bleeding."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =May 29, 1937=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVE=
+
+
+"I was born about 1846, 'cause I was in de war and was 19 years old when
+de war was over. I went to Charleston with my master, Ros Atwood, my
+mistress's brother. My mistress was Mrs. Laura Rutherford and my master
+at home was Dr. Thomas Rutherford. We was on Morris Island.
+
+"My father was Allen Rutherford and my mother Barbara Rutherford. My
+daddy had come from Chili to this country, was a harness maker, and
+belonged awhile to Nichols. We had a good house or hut to live in, and
+my work was to drive cows till I was old 'nough to work in de fields,
+when I was 13. Then I plowed, hoed cotton, and hoed corn 'till last year
+of war and den went to Charleston.
+
+"Master paid us no money for work. We could hunt and fish, and got lots
+of game around there. We had dogs but our master didn't like hounds.
+
+"Col. Daryton Rutherford, doct's son, had me for a 'pet' on the place.
+They had overseers who was sometimes bossy but they wouldn't allow dem
+to whip me. One old nigger named 'Isom', who come from Africa, was
+whipped mighty bad one day. The padderollers whip me one night when I
+went off to git a pair of shoes for an old lady and didn't git a pass. I
+was 16 years old then.
+
+"Doctor Rutherford had several farms--I reckon around 2,000 acres of
+land. We didn't have church nor school but sometimes we had to go to de
+white folks church and set in the gallery. We didn't learn to read and
+write. The mistress learnt some of de nigger chaps to read and write a
+little.
+
+"We had Saturday afternoons off to wash up and clean up. When Christmas
+come the doctor would give us good things to eat. When we was sick he
+give us medicine, but some of de old folks would make hot teas from root
+herbs.
+
+"We had old time corn-shuckings before and after freedom. We made sure
+enough corn den and lots of it--had four cribs full. When freedom come,
+the old man had fallen off a block and was hurt, so one of de overseers
+told us we was free and could go if we wanted to. Some of dem stayed on
+and some got in the big road and never stopped walking. Then we worked
+for 1/3 share of the crops; had our little patch to work, too.
+
+"I was 31 years old when I married first time. Was living in Mollohon.
+Her name was Leana and she belonged to Madison Brooks's family, as
+waiting girl. I was married twice, but had 13 children all by my first
+wife. I have 14 grandchildren, and so many great-grandchildren I can't
+count them.
+
+"When de Ku Klux was in dat country I lived wid a man who was one of
+them. The first I knew about it was when I went down to de mill, de mule
+throwed me and de meal, and down de road I went to running and met a Ku
+Klux. It was him.
+
+"I think Abe Lincoln and Jeff Davis good men, but don't know much about
+dem.
+
+"I join de church when I was 68 years old 'cause God sent me to do it. I
+believe all ought to join church."
+
+  SOURCE: Joe Rutherford (92), Newberry, S.C.; Interviewer: G. Leland
+  Summer, Newberry, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =June 7, 1937=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVE=
+
+
+"I was born about 1849 in the Dutch Fork section of Newberry County,
+S.C. I was slave of Ivey Suber and his good wife. My daddy was Bill
+Suber and my mammy was Mary Suber. I was hired by Marse Suber as a nurse
+in the big house, and I waited on my mistress when she was sick, and was
+at her bed when she died. I had two sisters and a brother and when we
+was sold they went to Mr. Suber's sister and I stayed with him.
+
+"My master was good to his slaves. He give them plenty to eat, good
+place to sleep and plenty of clothes. The young men would hunt lots,
+rabbits, possums, and birds. My white folks had a big garden and we had
+eats from it. They was good cooks, too, and lived good. We card and spin
+and weave our own clothes on mistress's spinning wheels.
+
+"Marse Suber had one overseer who was good to us. We went to work at
+sun-up and worked 'till sun-down, none of us worked at night. We
+sometimes got a whipping when we wouldn't work or do wrong, but it
+wasn't bad.
+
+"We never learned to read and write. We had no church and no school on
+the plantation, but we could go to the white folk's church and sit in
+the gallery. Some of us was made to go, and had to walk 10 miles. Of
+course, we never thought much about walking that far. I joined the
+church because I was converted; I think everybody ought to join the
+church.
+
+"The patrollers rode 'round and ketched slaves who ran away without
+passes. They never bothered us. When our work was over at night, we
+stayed home, talked and went to sleep. On Saturday afternoons white
+folks sometimes give us patches of ground to work, and we could wash up
+then, too. We raised corn on the patches and some vegetables. On Sunday
+we just rested and went to neighbor's house or to church. On Christmas
+we had big eats.
+
+"Corn-shuckings and cotton-pickings always had suppers when work was
+done. Master made whiskey up at his sister's place, and at these suppers
+he had whiskey to give us.
+
+"When we was sick we had a doctor--didn't believe much in root teas.
+
+"I married when I was 15 years old at a white man's place, Mr. Sam
+Cannon's. A negro man named Jake Cannon married us. Supper was give us
+by Mr. Sam Cannon after it was over.
+
+"When freedom came, my mother moved away, but I stayed on.
+
+"I think Abraham Lincoln was a good man, and Jeff Davis was a good man.
+I don't know anything about Booker Washington."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Lila Rutherford (86), Newberry, S.C., RFD
+  Interviewer: G. Leland Summer, 1707 Lindsey St.,
+  Newberry, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #-1655=
+ =Mrs. Genevieve W. Chandler=
+ =Murrells Inlet, S.C.=
+ =Georgetown County=
+
+ =FOLKLORE=
+
+ =Uncle Sabe Rutledge=
+
+ (=Testimony given by old man born 1861, The Ark Plantation.
+ Horry County--owned by Mr. John Tillman=)
+
+
+"Fust thing I realize to remember, I nuster cry to go to the old
+boss--old Massa--for sugar. Massa say:
+
+"'Martha, what Newman (he call me that) crying for?' Ma say, 'Wanter
+come to you for sugar!'
+
+"'Bring the boy here, Martha!'
+
+"He gi'e me sugar.
+
+"Boil salt? Pump! Pump! Pump it! Had a tank. Run from hill to sea. Had a
+platform similar to wharf. And pump on platform. Fetch good high. Go out
+there on platform. Force pump. My Grandmother boil salt way after
+Freedom. We tote water. Tote in pidgin and keeler--make out of cedar and
+cypress. No 'ting to crove 'em (groove 'em) compass. Dog-wood and oak
+rim. Give it a lap. (This was his description, with pantomime, of the
+way pidgin and keelers were made by plantation carpenters)
+
+"My Grandmother had two pots going. Boil all day and all night. Biling.
+Boil till he ticken (thicken) Cedar paddles stir with. Chillun eat with
+wooden spoons. Clay pot? Just broken piece. Indian had big camping
+ground on beach near the Ark. After big blow you can find big piece of
+pot there. I see Indian. Didn't see wild one; see tame one.
+
+"Indigo? Old man Lashie Tillman nuster plant indigo. Seed lak a flax.
+Put myrtle seed in with indigo to boil. Gather and boil for the traffic.
+All the big folkses plant that fore the rice. Rice come in circulation,
+do way with indigo. Nuster (used to) farm indigo just like we work our
+corn. Didn't have nothing but ox. And the colored folks--they came next
+to the ox--Hill keep advancing out. Reckon you wouldn't blieve it, but I
+ken cummember (Uncle Sabe stutters a bit) when all that beach been
+cultivate field. Must be nature for sand hill to move. Time most got too
+fast now for the people to live.
+
+"Storm? Oh my Lord! Flagg Storm? Sea naturally climb right over that
+hill like it wasn't nothing. Water come to King Road. Reckon it would a
+come further if the wind didn't shift.
+
+"Calls this 'The Ridge.' Why? I first man settle here. Oak Ridge. (It is
+the highest land between the Waccamaw river and the ocean.) Just name it
+so.
+
+"Member the shipwreck. Two men and lady come to the Ark. Stormy time.
+Massa take them to town. Old anchor there now. Come a blow you kin see
+it. Water rise over it high tide.
+
+"Ma tell me bout they had the to-do. Blockade at Inlet. Had 'em out to
+drill (The Yankees came to shore to drill.) Old man John Tillman lose
+all he China-a-way! (chinaware.) Every bit of his china and paints
+(panes of glass) out the window. Yankee gun boat sojer (soldier) to
+Magnolia to drill. They tack 'em (attacked 'em) to cut 'em off. When
+Rebs tack 'em, small boats gone back. She had to brace 'em. Shoot dem
+shell to brace. (Gun boat fired to frighten Rebs who were cutting
+Yankees off from escape) I hear old man Frank Norris--lived right beyond
+Vettrill Deas--I hear him (nuster come home to the Ark and trap)--I hear
+him say lot of 'em bog. (Ella, Agnes and Johnnie Johnson fadder been
+there) Bomb shell hit the hill and bury them in the sand. Had to dig
+out.
+
+"Old man John Tillman my boss. Sho treat his people good. Don't see why
+his folks (slaves) went to blockade (tried to escape and join Yankee
+gun-boats). Sho treat his colored folks good. My Grandfather, Rodrick
+Rutledge, driver from a boy. Time he big nuff to handle it till Freedom.
+
+"Couldn't marry widout consent of boss." (Remark from Uncle Sabe's
+sister, Mom Jane, who is quite acid. All her information inherited--she
+Freedom child) Mom Jane: "Been to devil and come back now!"
+
+(Comparing slavery to the lower regions)
+
+Uncle Sabe--continuing:
+
+"Have sick house; have chillun house." (All in this section tell great
+tales of the 'chillun house.' Sounds a lot like the nurse houses in
+Russia today. All the babies were in this day nursery in care of the
+older women, too old for field work.) "Corn. Meat--pig, beef,
+fish--plenty milk." (Some cow 'coffee cow'--that is give just enough
+milk for the coffee.)
+
+"Any rice?"
+
+Aunt Jane: (interrupting) "Pick you teet (teeth) to find the rice! Great
+God! Now I can buy my rice!"
+
+Uncle Sabe: "Could plant up-land rice to Ark. (This on coast away from
+fresh water)
+
+"Ash cake? Meal, salt, water. Not a grease! Not a grease! See Mudder
+cook it many a hundred day!"
+
+Mom Jane: "Put it in the stove today,--nothing! Rather have it any day!"
+
+Sabe: "Wrap it in brown paper, mostly. Cows free in woods. Alligator
+tail good. Snail built up just like a conch (whelk). They eat good.
+Worms like a conch. Bile conch. Git it out shell. Grind it sausage
+grinder. Little onion. Black pepper. Rather eat conch than any kind of
+nourishment out of salt water."
+
+Mom Jane: "Conjur? Wouldn't turn a hucks bread for 'em." (Give a
+crust.)
+
+Sabe: "What God got lot out for a man he'll get it."
+
+"Flat boat full up (with slaves trying to escape) gone down Waccamaw.
+Uncle Andrew Aunt the one got he eye shoot out (by patrollers) took 'em
+to camp on North Island. Never see so much a button and pin in my life!
+Small-pox in camp. Had to leave 'em.
+
+"Captain Ben and Captain Tom fadder--look how he die! Looker the blood!
+Looker the people! Looker the blood! His boat call 'The Bull River.' Up
+and down Pee Dee river. Meet flat! Bore hole in flat and women and
+chillun go down! Take men off. He COME TO THIS COUNTRY. (Came down from
+North before Civil War) Them darnish Yankee very percruel. (Peculiar?)
+
+"My Great-grandmother Veenia, pirate captured and took all they money in
+English war. (Revolution) Dem day Ladies wear bodkin fastened to long
+gold chain on shoulder--needle in 'em and thimble and ting. Coming down
+from New York to get away from English. My great grandmother little
+chillun. Pirate come to her Missus. Take all they money--come cut bodkin
+off her shoulder. Grandmother ma gone on the boat and twiss herself in
+Missus' skirt. Pirate put 'em off to Wilmington. Come on down settle to
+Pitch Landing near Socastee. Keep on till they get to Ark.
+
+"My Great-Grandma Veenia didn't have a teet in her head--one hundred
+ten years old and could eat hard a bread as any we."
+
+
+  Uncle Sabe Rutledge
+  Burgess, S.C.--P.O.
+  Horry County
+  Age 76 (Born 1861)
+  Ark Plantation.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1655=
+ =Genevieve W. Chandler=
+ =Georgetown County, S.C.=
+
+ =FOLKLORE=
+
+=UNCLE SABE RUTLEDGE=
+
+=(EX-SLAVE STORY)=
+
+
+"They call him Rogerick Rutledge for shortness. My Grandpa REAL name
+Jim. First time I big enough to realect (recollect) him he have on no
+pants but something built kinder like overall and have a apron. Apron
+button up here where my overall buckle and can be let down. All been dye
+with indigo. Have weave shirt--dye with blue indigo boil with myrtle
+seed. Myrtle seed must-a-did put the color in. Old brogan shoe on he
+foot. Old beaver hat on he head. Top of crown wear out and I member he
+have paste-board cover over with cloth and sew in he hat crown. My
+Grandmother wear these here gingham cloth call gingham twill.
+
+"Now the chillun! I member I was a big boy grown when I get my first
+pants. All boy chillun wear a shirt----long down to knee and lower. Have
+belt round the middle--just like you belt to hold 'em. Chillun have not
+a shoe! Not a shoe for chillun on us plantation to the Old Ark. First
+shoe I have, Pa get a cow hide and tan it. And a man name Stalvey make
+my first pair of shoes. I was way near bout grown. Make the sole out the
+thickness of the cow hide. Short quarter. No eye--just make the hole.
+Last! Yes man! Yes man! Yes man! Keep 'em grease! Them shoe never wear
+out!
+
+"We raise all we get to eat. Hominy, cornbread, peas, potatoes, rice.
+Morest we plant this here yellow corn. I cry many a day bout that yellow
+corn! We say, 'Pa, this here yellow corn make hominy look like he got
+egg cook in 'em; red corn look like hominy cook in red molasses!'
+
+"But yellow corn stronger feed! Stronger feed! And Pa know 'em.
+
+"Sunday come go to church in that same blue shirt! Little old pole
+church--(gone now)--call 'Dick Green Bay Church'. (Named for a local
+character.) When we go to church before freedom, Mudder and them have to
+have the ticket.
+
+"Old man John Tilghman at the Ark Plantation have no overseer--have
+'Driver'. Most folks on Waccamaw have overseer and 'Driver'. My Pa been
+the Ark 'Driver.'
+
+"Old man Zachariah Duncan been the preacher. That the same man build the
+first 'Heaven Gate' church after freedom. He got drift lumber on the
+river and on the beach. Flat 'em--make a raft and float 'em over to the
+hill and the man haul 'em to 'Heaven Gate' with ox. Yes. 'Heaven Gate'
+built outer pick up lumber.
+
+"Before freedom Parson Glennie--he was 'Piscopal--he would come give us
+a service once a month on the plantation--so mother said.
+
+"Patches of indigo all through the woods. You know cow eat indigo. Us
+have too much ox! Have to haul rail all the time keep up the old fence.
+Woods full up with cow. Cattle loose--free. When you want beef have to
+hunt for 'em like we hunts deer now. I member some ox I helped broke.
+Pete, Bill, Jim, David. Faby was a brown. David kinder mouse color. We
+always have the old ox in the lead going to haul rail. Hitch the young
+steer on behind. Sometimes they 'give up' and the old ox pull 'em by the
+neck! Break ox all the time. Fun for us boys--breaking ox. So much of
+rail to haul!
+
+"(You can't tell me bout this pension? Look like to me somebody trying
+to smother something. Letters come. Cards come. My name on outside
+alright. Tell me to put my name on cards and hand 'em out to my friends.
+Say send twenty-five cents. Next time say 'Send thirty-five cents'. He
+cool off then and another man--Mr. Pope come in. Got two letter from him
+and he tell me be still till I hear from him again. J.E. Pope. Last
+blank I got from Mr. Pope he say not to look for more than thirty or
+thirty-two dollars a month. Say there ain't going to be no two hundred a
+month.)
+
+"How come I know all these Buh Rabbit story, Mudder spin you know. Have
+the great oak log, iron fire dog. Have we chillun to sit by the
+fireplace put the light-wood under--blaze up. We four chillun have to
+pick seed out the cotton. Work till ten o'clock at night and rise early!
+Mudder and Father tell you story to keep you eye open! Pick out cotton
+seed be we job every night in winter time--'cept Sunday! When we grow
+bigger, Mudder make one card. One would spin and then Mudder go to
+knitting. Night time picking these cotton seed out; day time in winter
+getting wood!
+
+"Fall----harvest peanut, peas, 'tater!
+
+"I member all them Buh Rabbit story! Mudder tell 'em and we laugh and
+wake up! They was one bout Buh Rabbit and Buh Patridge. You know Buh
+Patridge the onliest one get the best of Buh Rabbit!
+
+"Buh Rabbit bet Buh Patridge (Buh Rabbit think he so sharp you know!) He
+bet Buh Patridge if he fly off down the road a piece and lit Buh Rabbit
+can find 'em.--Buh Patridge bet him he can't! So Buh Patridge take off
+and fly down the road a piece and lit--like a Patridge will do--lit and
+turn up on he back and rake the leaves over him and kiver (cover) his
+body all 'cept he two foots sticking up like stick!
+
+"Now Buh Rabbit come! He hunt and he hunt and he hunt! Couldn't find 'em
+and he get so hot he take off he coat and hang it on Buh Patridge foots!
+
+"He go on hunting and after while he call out,
+
+"'Well I can't find Buh Patridge! Can't find Buh Patridge!'
+
+"And Buh Patridge sing out,
+
+"'Well, Buh Rabbit, here I is! You hang you coat on my feet!'
+
+"Buh Rabbit have to pay the bet! (I don't member what the bet was). So
+Buh Patridge was the onliest one I ever hear bout could get the best of
+Buh Rabbit!
+
+"When Father and Mudder tell them story we chillun noddin'! Some cackle
+out and all jump up and go back to picking out cotton seed!
+
+"There is another one bout Buh Bear. They goes out my head. I'll think
+them Buh Rabbit up fore you come back Missus!"
+
+And Uncle Sabe, who was sitting on the 'LOOK OUT' at the Floral Beach
+Fishery, continued to let his eyes play all over the sea like
+searchlights, ready to wave the black flag and march down toward the
+fishery holding it aloft keeping himself in a line with the fish if fish
+were sighted. Since way before what he called 'the big war' he and his
+people have eaten mullet and rice for the three fall months. His home
+was visited before Uncle Sabe was located and children and
+grand-children, wife, sister and neighbors were found seated and
+standing all over the kitchen floor and piazza floor and steps----each
+one with a generous tin plate of rice and fresh, brown, hot 'spot'----a
+fish not so valuable in summer but choice in fall and winter. Two hounds
+and a large cat worked around among the feasters for their well chewed
+bones.
+
+
+  SOURCE: Uncle Sabe Rutledge, The Ridge, Burgess, S.C., (Horry County)
+  Born first year of the Civil War.
+
+  (He owns his house and land,----some twenty-five acres under
+  cultivation. This is located on what appears to be a 'height of land'
+  lying between the Waccamaw and the Atlantic. Locally it is known as 'The
+  Sand Ridge'.)
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =May 31, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Martha Ritter=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born in Edgefield county, S.C., about 1854. I was the son of
+Larkin and Cheny Ryan who was the slaves of Judge Pickens Butler who
+lived at Edgefield Courthouse. I has some brothers and sisters, but
+don't remember them all. We lived in a log house with but one room. We
+had good beds to sleep in, and always had plenty to eat. Old Judge
+Butler was a good man. I was 10 years old when he died. Before then I
+worked in and around the house, and freedom come I stayed with the
+Butler family two years, then went to Dr. Maxwell's.
+
+"In slavery time we had extra patches of ground to work for ourselves
+which we sometimes worked on Saturday afternoons as we had dat time off.
+Judge Butler used to give us a little money, too, before freedom come,
+for our work. We bought clothes and things we had to have. We had a big
+plantation garden dat the overseers planted for all on de place to eat
+out of.
+
+"We used to hunt 'possums, rabbits, squirrels, wild turkeys, doves,
+partridges, and set traps for partridges and set box gums for rabbits.
+We had good food then, plenty peas, cornbread, and wild game. When
+winter time come we put on wool clothes and heavy shoes.
+
+"Old Marse Butler and his mistress was good, de best folks in de
+country. They lived in a big house, had a girl and a boy, and over 1000
+or maybe 2,000 acres of land, on several farms. One was on Saluda River.
+His overseers some was no good, but master wouldn't let them treat
+slaves cruel, just light whipping.
+
+"We used to have to wake up at sun-up and work till sundown. We didn't
+learn to read and write; but we had a prayer house on de plantation
+where we could go to sometimes, until freedom come, then we went on to
+it just the same. Old man Bennefield, a nigger preacher, talked to us
+there. I can 'member one of de favorite songs we sung:
+
+    'Show pity, O Lord, forgive,
+    Let e'er repentant sinner live;
+    Are not thy mercies large and free,
+    May not a sinner trust in Thee.'
+
+    'My crimes are great, and can't surpass,
+
+    ---------------------------------------'
+
+"None of Major Pickens Butler's slaves ever went away from him, but some
+in de neighborhood did run away, and day never heard of dem again.
+
+"The paderrollers would catch a nigger if he didn't have a pass. Some
+would pass and re-pass in the road, and maybe get catched and such
+scuffling would go on!
+
+"We worked on Saturday afternoons unless boss give time off to work our
+own little patches or do some other work we had to do. But some would
+frolic then and wash up for Sunday, or set around. On Sunday we went to
+church and talked to neighbors. On Christmas we celebrated by having a
+big dinner which the master give us. We had three days holiday or
+sometimes a week. We had New Year's Day as a special day for working,
+'cause it was a sign if we worked good dat day, we would work good all
+de year. The white folks had corn-shuckings and cotton pickings in
+slavery and after freedom, too. Den would have big supper. Some
+neighbors walk ten miles, like walking to church or to school. Didn't
+think anything of walking dat far.
+
+"Some of de games played by children were marbles, jump-rope.
+
+"Once an old man had his dog trained to say his prayers. The dog was fed
+but wouldn't be allowed to eat until he put his paws in front and bow
+his head on dem; de old man say to him, 'No, no, you die and go to hell
+if you don't say your prayers.'
+
+"Once another fellow, a nigger, said he was going to his wife's house to
+see her; but he had to pass his old partner's place on de way, who was
+dead. When he got opposite the partner's place something, maybe a ghost,
+came to him and wrestled with him and wouldn't let him go on to see his
+wife, so he come back to his master's house and stayed.
+
+"When the slaves got sick they had doctors, and used old herbs.
+'Jerusalem Ore' was a kind of herb for children, to build them up, and
+there was field grass roots and herb roots which was boiled and tea
+drunk for fevers. And 'Primer-rhine' tea which was drunk, too. Sometimes
+they would hang garlic around small boys and girls necks to keep away
+any kind of sickness.
+
+"We didn't have schools; started them the second year after freedom. Old
+General Butler give us old slaves a home each and a small patch to work.
+
+"I married when I was 21 years old, the first time in Edgefield County,
+now called Saluda County. I have six children, nine grand-children, and
+four great-grand-children.
+
+"I think Abe Lincoln was good man and he was Providential arrangement. I
+think Jeff Davis was good man, same. Booker T. Washington is good man,
+done lots for young niggers. I rather like it now, and not slavery time.
+I joined church when I was 18 to turn from evil ways and to live a
+better life."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Henry Ryan (83), Newberry, S.C.; by G. Leland Summer, Newberry,
+  S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Oct. 11, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I live in a rented three-room house with my daughter. I am too old to
+do much work, but I work where I can get little jobs that I can do.
+
+"The slaves did not expect anything after Freedom, for the South was in
+such a bad fix. They just got jobs where they could find them. Most of
+them worked as share-croppers or wage hands on the farms, and have
+worked like this since that time. Some few have rented farms. When any
+moved to town they got jobs where they could.
+
+"I never thought much about Reconstruction. Some slaves voted at first,
+but when Wade Hampton was elected they didn't get to vote much.
+
+"I think the younger generation has too much freedom and doesn't stay
+home enough. They want to have their own way.
+
+"Over in old Edgefield where I was raised we had plenty to eat; plenty
+peas, corn bread, turnips and other things. We hunted wild game, too. I
+was a slave of Major Pickens Butler. He was a good man and sometimes
+gave us a little money for our work. Our master gave us a small patch of
+land to work for ourselves and plant anything we wanted.
+
+"No, I never think anything about voting. I am satisfied just to get
+along."
+
+
+  Source: Henry Ryan (N--83), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/18/37.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 25, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I am bad-sick woman, in bed and can't hardly talk and can't 'member
+much. I was born near Broad River in de Blair section. I belonged in
+slavery to de Blair family. My mudder and papa was Grace and Samuel
+Blair, and dey belonged to Capt. Blair. When dey was sold, I was put in
+de house wid a good free nigger woman to raise me and to stay 'till de
+war was over. Den I come to de Blair house, and helped around de house.
+My sisters could card, spin and weave, and I helped dem wid it. I didn't
+have but one dress. When it got dirty, I went down to de creek and
+washed it and put it against de lims to dry, but I had to put it back on
+before it got good dry.
+
+"When I got old enough, I worked in de field, hoeing and picking
+cotton."
+
+
+  Source: Emoline Satterwhite (82), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 19, 1937
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Sept. 9, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES OF EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"Marster Charner Scaife a-laying on his bed of death is 'bout de first
+thing dat stuck in my mind. I felt sorry fer everybody den. Miss Mary
+Rice Scaife, his wife, was mean. She died a year atter. Never felt sad
+nor glad den; never felt no ways out of de regular way, den.
+
+"Overseers I recollects was, Mr. Sam Hughes, Mr. Tom Baldwin, and Mr.
+Whitfield Davis. Mr. Baldwin was de best to me. He had a still-house out
+in a field whar liquor was made. I tote it fer him. We made good corn
+liquor. Once a week I brung a gallon to de big house to Marster. Once I
+got happy off'n it, and when I got dar lots of it was gone. He had me
+whipped. Dat de last time I ever got happy off'n Marster's jug.
+
+"When I was a shaver I carried water to de rooms and polished shoes fer
+all de white folks in de house. Sot de freshly polished shoes at de door
+of de bed-room. Get a nickle fer dat and dance fer joy over it. Two big
+gals cleaned de rooms up and I helped carry out things and take up ashes
+and fetch wood and build fires early every day. Marster's house had five
+bedrooms and a setting room. De kitchen and dining-room was in de back
+yard. A covered passage kept dem from getting wet when dey went to de
+dining-room. Marster said he had rather get cold going to eat dan to
+have de food get cold while it was being fetched to him. So he had de
+kitchen and dining-room jined, but most folks had de dining-room in de
+big house.
+
+"It took a week to take de cotton boat from Chester to Columbia. Six
+slaves handled de flat-boat. Dere was six, as I said, de boatman, two
+oarsmen, two steermen and an extra man. De steermen was just behind de
+boatman. Dey steered wid long poles on de way up de river and paddled
+down de river. De two oarsmen was behind dem. Dey used to pole, too,
+going up, and paddling going down. Seventy-five or eighty bales was
+carried at a time. Dey weighed around three hundred pounds apiece. In
+Columbia, de wharfs was on de Congree banks. Fer de cotton, we got all
+kinds of supplies to carry home. De boat was loaded wid sugar and coffee
+coming back. On Broad River we passed by Woods Ferry, Fish Dam Ferry,
+Hendersons Ferry and Hendersons Island and some others, but dat is all I
+recollect. We unloaded at our own ferry, called Scaife Ferry.
+
+"I split rails fer fences. On Christmas we had coffee, sugar and biscuit
+fer breakfast."
+
+
+  Source: Alexander Scaife (82), Box 104, Pacolet, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #-1655=
+ =Phoebe Faucette=
+ =Hampton County=
+
+ =FOLKLORE=
+
+=ELIZA SCANTLING EX-SLAVE=
+
+=87 Years=
+
+
+"If you wants to know about de slavery times," said old Aunt Eliza,
+"you'se sure come to de right person; 'cause I wuz right dere." The
+statement was easy to believe; for old Aunt Eliza's wrinkled face and
+stiff, bent form bore testimony to the fact that she had been here for
+many a year. As she sat one cold afternoon in December before her fire
+of fat lightwood knots, in her one-room cabin, she quickly went back to
+her childhood days. Her cabin walls and floor were filled with large
+cracks through which the wind came blowing in.
+
+"I gits along pretty good. My chillun lives all around here, and my
+granddaughter that's a-standin' at the window dere, takes care of me.
+Den de government helps me out. It sure is a blessing, too--to have sech
+a good government! And 'Miss Maggie' good to me. She brought me dis
+wood. Brought it in her truck herself. Had a colored man along to handle
+it for her. But I so stiff I sometimes kin hardly move from me waist
+down. And sometimes in de morning when I wake, it is all I kin do to get
+up an' wash me face. But I got to do it. My granddaughter bring me my
+meals.
+
+"I is 87 years old. I know 'cause I wuz so high when de war broke out.
+An' I plowed my January to July de year 'fore peace declare. I remember
+dat. I wuz a good big girl; but jes' a child--not married yet. Yes'm I
+plowed a mule an' a wild un at dat. Sometimes me hands get so cold I
+jes' cry. But dey all say I 'wuz a nigger what wuz a nigger!'
+
+"In May peace declare. De first president of de country wuz Lincoln. He
+took his seat in March. But I work for de white people 'fore dat. On a
+Friday mornin' our Massa, Mr. Richard Davant come an' told us peace
+declare. He come an' told us hisself. I wuz in de cornhouse a-shuckin'
+corn to go to de mill on Saturday. After freedom all de niggers left
+'cept my Mamma. My father brought us back here to Col. Alex Lawton's
+place at Robertville. He used to belong to Col. Lawton. Many years atter
+dat Col. Lawton moved to Savannah; but when he died dey brought him back
+here an' buried him at Robertville.
+
+"My young Missus was de daughter of Mr. Sam Maner, my old Massa; so when
+she marry Mr. Davant I went wid her. Dey had bought a place in Screven,
+Georgia. Seven year 'fore peace declare we went to Georgia. On a Monday
+mornin' a colored man come along an' tell Miss Anna de Yankees had took
+Waynesboro. We all went to see it. De fire had left de place clean.
+Could pick up a pin behind it. Other than dat I see nothin'. I never see
+no house burn down. I never hear no gun fire. I jes' see de uniform, an'
+see 'em kill de hog an' sling 'em 'cross de saddle. Den when we come
+back to Robertville, we see de destruction left behind.
+
+"After I git of size I mind de birds off de corn an' rice an' sech like.
+Den I'd take care of de turkeys. An' we'd sweep de yards. Carry de
+leaves off to de stable in a wheelbarrow.
+
+"Both my missus wuz good to me. De last missus I own treat me jes' de
+same as her own child. I stayed right dere in de house wid her, an' if I
+wuz sick or anything she'd take care of me same as her own chillun. I
+nurse one of her chillun. An' dat child would rather be wid me than wid
+her own mother!"
+
+  Source: Elisa Scantling, Scotia, S.C. age 87 years.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No. 390166=
+ =Project No. 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Mrs. Lucile Young & H. Grady Davis=
+ =Place, Florence, S.C.=
+ =Date, May 25, 1937=
+ =Typed by M.C., N.Y.A.=
+
+ =No Words_______________=
+ =Reduced from ____ Words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+
+=Mary Scott=
+
+=Gourdin, S.C.=
+
+=Ex-Slave, About 90 years old=
+
+
+"Where and when were you born?"
+
+"On Gaston Gamble place, between here and Greeleville. In da Gamble's
+Bible is my age. Don't know my age. Pretty much know how old, I bout 90.
+I wuz little girl when freedom come."
+
+"Give the names of your father and mother."
+
+"Father, John Davis. Mother, Tina Davis. Belonged to last mausa. Darby
+Fulton. Gamble sold mama and three children to Fulton. Belonged to Davis
+after freedom. Father belonged to Davis. Take first mausa's name. Sold
+to Arnold Mouzon. Didn't take Mouzon name."
+
+"Where did your father and mother come from?"
+
+"Right where Grandma go, Gamble place."
+
+"Did you have any brothers and sisters?"
+
+"James and Benjamin. All ded."
+
+"Describe the beds and where you slept."
+
+"Had plenty slaves. I don't know exactly how many. In dem times you
+know, we had to get ticket to go to see dere family."
+
+"What kind of house did you have to live in?"
+
+"Better dan dis. Better dan dis. Good house. Sleep on wooden bed. Straw
+and feather mattress."
+
+"Do you remember anything about your grandparents or any stories told
+you about them?"
+
+"I ain't know my grandmother, grandfather either."
+
+"What work did you do in slavery times."
+
+"Didn't do no kind of work. Mother milked, tended to de butter."
+
+"Did you ever earn any money?"
+
+"No money."
+
+"What did you eat and how was it cooked?"
+
+"Boil meat and put peas or greens, rice cooked dry, take up in plate and
+eat. One girl get done and wash dishes and put dem up."
+
+"Did you ever eat any possums?"
+
+"Yes, my brother catch possum and raccoon."
+
+"Fish?"
+
+"Fishing in de branch."
+
+"Did the slaves have their own gardens?"
+
+"Yes, sir, plant big garden, no use plant, go to dere garden and get
+it."
+
+"What clothes did you wear in cold weather?"
+
+"Thick. I could weave it with stripes and put one check one way and
+nother strip nother way."
+
+"Hot weather?"
+
+"In winter warm clothes and shoes. Had Sunday clothes. I had a green
+worsted dress."
+
+"Did the slaves have a church on your plantation?"
+
+"Go to white people church and sit out of doors and wait till dey come
+out and den we go in and have preaching."
+
+"White or colored preacher?"
+
+"White preacher."
+
+"Was your master a good man?"
+
+"Mr. Gamble like to drink liquor but still good people. All who I
+talking about good people."
+
+"What was Mr. Gamble's name?"
+
+"Mr. Gamble name Gastron Gamble. Son living in dat big house and grandson
+living down dere."
+
+"How many children did Mr. Davis have?"
+
+"He had some not many. Mr. Gamble had some too."
+
+"What kind of house did Mr. Gamble live in?"
+
+"Medium size house. All had just common house, two-story."
+
+"What about the overseer?"
+
+"Overseer he see dat you work soon. Driver go in de field and stay 'til
+12 o'clock."
+
+"How many acres in the plantation?"
+
+"Don't know how many acres."
+
+"What time did the overseer wake the slaves up?"
+
+"Wake dem up soon. Blow horn."
+
+"Did you have to work hard?"
+
+"Work 'til sundown."
+
+"Did you see any slaves punished?"
+
+"Some punished, but I ain't never see none whip. I heard stick strike de
+ground and tie hands and feet. Paddle on dis side and den paddle on de
+other side 'til sore."
+
+"Did you ever see any slaves sold or auctioned off?"
+
+"My mother and us sold. Mrs. Gamble died left my mama for a daily gift.
+She wouldn't allow dem to whip me. I ain't know when we be sell, I wuz a
+baby."
+
+"Did you see slaves in chains?"
+
+"No chains."
+
+"Did the slaves have a church on your plantation?"
+
+"Yes, de Gambles make us to go to Sunday school and learn us the Sunday
+school lessons. I could plow. We went to white church and set down till
+white people go out and de old man dat tend to de church and open up de
+church and say come in, can't stay outside."
+
+"Who preached for you all?"
+
+"My uncle, Jefferie Pendergrass, mother's brother. If colored people
+want preacher preach, he go in dere and made de children be quiet and
+preach a nice sermon and have watch night but not in de church."
+
+"Do you know any spirituals?"
+
+"I forgets dem things. I use to be good singer but I ain't got no teeth.
+I ain't been looking fer dis. If you hadn't come, I'd been gone."
+
+"Where would you have gone?"
+
+"Just to walk about. All gone to de field and de children so bad."
+
+"Tell about baptizing."
+
+"Baptized by de white people."
+
+"Did the slaves run away to the North?"
+
+"I ain't know 'bout dat."
+
+"What about patrollers?"
+
+"No patarollers. Have to get ticket, whip dem if dey didn't get it.
+Colored people do more than white people allow. Caused dem to whip dem.
+My sister, my sister-in-law and girl went and tell dem dey gwine have
+play in white kitchen. Mr. Sam Fulton boss wouldn't go to war. My
+sister, sister-in-law run up in de loft and tell dem come down and dey
+come down and jump off de window and land in de mud hole wid dere best
+dress on. Mr. Fulton let dem have it in de quarters."
+
+"Did you hear of any trouble between the master and the slaves?"
+
+"My grandmother went off and wouldn't come back. She write that she get
+everyday what she could get fer Sunday."
+
+"Did you work on Saturday evenings?"
+
+"Some of de white people made dem work on Saturday evening. I had a
+uncle when white people come by going to church he hoeing his rice. Dey
+didn't want him work on Sunday. Miss Elizabeth Gamble tell dem he gwine
+to chop his rice on Sunday."
+
+"What did you do on Sunday?"
+
+"Go to church."
+
+"Christmas day?"
+
+"I don't remember what dey give on Christmas day. My family got
+clothes."
+
+"What did you do at a wedding or funeral among the slaves?"
+
+"Just say got a wife, ain't married. If anybody ded everything stop."
+
+"What games did you play as a child?"
+
+"I don't know what all I played."
+
+"Do you know any funny stories?"
+
+"No, sir, I used to tell my grands things."
+
+"Did you ever see any ghosts?"
+
+"I ain't believe in it, but I see dem. Jest pass by and dey want bother
+you. Don't know where dey come from. Dey look like people."
+
+"You don't believe in them?"
+
+"No, sir, but I know one thing, dey say fox gwine mad. Say cat gwine mad
+but dat ain't so. I ain't scared of nothing."
+
+"You are not scared at night?"
+
+"When de moon shining. Moon ain't shine might fall and cripple. When we
+holler voice way back dere."
+
+"When the slaves became sick, who tended to them?"
+
+"White people tended to dem. Use medicine."
+
+"Do you make medicine out of herbs?"
+
+"No, sir, don't make it."
+
+"Did you ever see anybody wear a ten-cent piece around the ankle?"
+
+"I see dem wear it, but I ain't know what fer."
+
+"What do you remember about the war that brought you freedom?"
+
+"I know just as good when peace declared. Gun rolled in dat direction.
+Must be guns. Cook say roll thunder roll and I say de sun shine it ain't
+gwine rain. I wuz too little to know but my sister say every man and
+every woman got to work for demselves."
+
+"What did your master say?"
+
+"I ain't know what master say, he single man and didn't talk much."
+
+"Did you stay with him the year after freedom?"
+
+"No, he didn't treat my mother right."
+
+"Any schools for Negroes?"
+
+"Pretty good time before schools."
+
+"Did the slaves buy any land?"
+
+"No land bought."
+
+"Do you remember your wedding?"
+
+"I member jest as good 'bout my wedding. I married on Thursday night.
+Some white people from Kingstree and different ones come and pile it up
+and when I get all dem presents some one stick fire and burn it all
+down."
+
+"Whom did you marry?"
+
+"John Scott."
+
+"Do you have any children?"
+
+"One gone in de field and dis one."
+
+"What are they doing?"
+
+"Working on farms. Jane got killed in de wreck."
+
+"Who is Jane?"
+
+"My daughter. She wuz coming to see me. Train wreck and kill her coming
+from Norfolk."
+
+"How long ago was that?"
+
+"'Bout two years ago."
+
+"What do you think of Abraham Lincoln?"
+
+"I see picture of dem. Picture in dere of Lincoln."
+
+"Now that slavery time is ended, what do you think of it?"
+
+"I believe colored people do better in de slavery than now."
+
+"Do you belong to the church?"
+
+"Yes, Promise Land Baptist church."
+
+"Why do you think people ought to go to church?"
+
+"To have some protection and when you go in a church dat is a place for
+you to be taken care of. Dey ain't got no religion."
+
+"Was the overseer 'poor white trash?'"
+
+"I could hear de people talk 'bout him. Some like him and some don't. If
+I got a wife over yonder, I got to get ticket before I could go to see
+her. Had to work hard too."
+
+"Let us see the picture of Lincoln."
+
+"Dis is it." (Granddaughter shows us Aunt Mary's picture)
+
+"Is that the one?"
+
+"Yea, I think so."
+
+"Let me see, dat ain't de one. Here is." (Aunt Mary showed us a picture
+which looked to be taken from some New York newspaper. It was probably a
+screen star).
+
+"Who told you that was Lincoln?"
+
+"Some preacher or somebody come here and tell me."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg--Dist. 4=
+ =May 18, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"Aunt" Nina Scot sat on her front porch. She was drinking some liquid
+from a bottle which she said would help her trouble. Being short of
+breath, she was not able to talk very much. She said that she was very
+small at the time she was set free. "My Marster and his folks did not
+treat me like a nigger," she said, "they treated me like they did other
+white folks." She said that she and her mother had belonged to Dr.
+Shipp, who taught at Wofford College, that they had come here from
+Chapel Hill, N.C. and that she was a tarheel negro. She said that white
+people in slavery days had two nurses, one for the small children and
+one for the older ones. "Yes sir, those were certainly fine people that
+lived on the Campus during those days. (Wofford Col. Campus) When the
+'raid' came on, people were hiding things all about their places." She
+referred to the Yankee soldiers who came to Spartanburg after the close
+of the Civil War. "My mother hid the turkeys and told me where she had
+hidden them." Dr. Shipp came up to Nina one day and asked her where the
+turkeys were hidden. She told him they were hidden behind a clump of
+small trees, and pointed them out to him. "Well," he said, "tell your
+mother to go and hide them somewhere else and not to tell you about it.
+You would tell the Yankees just where those turkeys were hidden." Aunt
+Nina recalls that Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Duncan (formerly of Wofford College)
+had a habit of getting a slice of bread and butter for all the
+neighboring children (black or white) whenever their nurses brought them
+to their home.
+
+
+  SOURCE: "Aunt" Nina Scott, 260 N. Converse St., Spartanburg, S.C.
+  Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg Office, Dist. 4
+  (May 17, 1937)
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 25, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES OF EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born in Newberry County, near the Laurens County line, above
+Chappells Depot. My father and mother were Tom and Francis Scurry and
+belonged as slaves to the Drury Scurry family. Dr. Drury Scurry bought
+them from Col. Cooper of Laurens County. He was a fine man and mighty
+good to his slaves. I worked around the house as a boy, and in the
+fields when I got old enough. Some of the nigger boys hunted 'possums,
+rabbits and squirrels. Dr. Scurry had 100 acres in woods. They were just
+full of squirrels and we killed more squirrels than you can count.
+
+"The slaves didn't have a garden, but after the war, we stayed on wid
+Marse Scurry. When freedom come, he come to us in the yard where we had
+congregated and told us we was free and could go anywhere we wanted, but
+if any wanted to stay on wid him, he would pay wages. All of us stayed
+on wid him. He give us a one-acre patch of ground to raise anything we
+wanted to raise. He had white overseers during slavery, but none ever
+whipped us 'cause the master wouldn't let them. He had a plantation of
+about 300 acres and 40 or 50 slaves. They got up at sun-up and worked
+'till sun-down each day, but had Saturday afternoons off when dey could
+do anything dey wanted to.
+
+"There wasn't much time for learning to read and write. The white folks
+sometimes had niggers to go to their church and set in the back of
+gallery. In our neighborhood, niggers had their own church dat they made
+of poles and brush, and called it, 'Brush Harbor'. They made seats from
+small logs sawed off of rough plank.
+
+"On Christmas day, the master would have a big dinner for his slaves and
+spread it out in the yard. Corn shuckings were popular and so were
+cotton pickings, where big eats were prepared for those who helped.
+They had big feasts at marriages, and even the slaves had feasts at
+their marriages, the master and his family taking part in the
+ceremonies. I was married in 1887, and at that time I was living with
+Mr. Renwick, and my girl with Dr. Tom Brown. Dr. Brown had us to marry
+in his yard in the grove, and over 200 persons was there to see it. The
+next day, he give us a big 'infair' with all kinds of good things to
+eat, presents and dances. We never had any children. After we moved to
+town, my wife was a nurse or midwife among some of the white families
+for a long time.
+
+"In Ku Klux times, I met five or ten of them in the road one night. They
+never bothered me. They had long white sheets over them and the horses.
+Slits were cut for the head, eyes, nose and mouth.
+
+"The niggers had an old field song: 'Give me dat good ole time religion'
+which they sang most of the time. There was another song they sang:
+'Dark midnight is my cry--Give me Jesus, You may have all this world,
+but give me Jesus.'
+
+"Some old-time cures for the sick was--barks of cherry tree, dogwood,
+and olive bush, made into tea and drunk.
+
+"I thought Abe Lincoln was a fine man, done mighty good and saved the
+country. Jeff Davis was a good man. Booker Washington was a great man. I
+think slavery was bad; yet our white folks was good to us, but some
+white masters was mean. I think everybody should belong to the church
+and be a Christian."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Morgan Scurry (78), Newberry, S.C.; interviewed by:
+  G.L. Summer. Newberry, S.C. May 19, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =S-260-264-N=
+ =Project #935=
+ =Hattie Mobley=
+ =Richland County=
+ =South Carolina=
+
+=Uncle Ransom Simmons=
+
+=Richland County, South Carolina.=
+
+
+Uncle Ransom is one of the few remaining slaves who still lives and
+whose mind is still clear and active. He has just passed his one-hundred
+and fourth birthday, was born in Mississippi, and brought to South
+Carolina by his master Wade Hampton, the father of the illustrious
+General Wade Hampton, before the Civil War.
+
+When the war broke out and General Wade Hampton went to war Uncle Ransom
+cried to be allowed to follow his young master. He went and served as a
+body guard. Uncle Ransom learned to read the Bible while attending a
+night school held for slaves before freedom, and it was only in recent
+years that he was taught to write his name.
+
+This old man lives alone in a shack at Taylor, a little village on the
+outskirts of Columbia. He is furnished with all the milk and ice cream
+he can eat by the Columbia Dairy. He purchases a little food with the
+state pension of twenty-five dollars a year paid to Negroes who served
+the Confederacy in some military capacity.
+
+Uncle Ransom says his master was the kindest man in the world, and that
+as far as he is concerned, he has never had a worry in his life, and as
+he said this, his face radiated with a broad and satisfied smile.
+
+
+  Reference:
+  Personal interview with Ransom Simmons age 104.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =Stiles M. Scruggs=
+ =Columbia, S.C.=
+
+=ALFRED SLIGH=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 100 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Alfred Sligh, who lives in a rented house at 1317 Gregg Street, says he
+was born in Newberry County, South Carolina, in 1837. His hair is white
+and he is feeble. He goes about the city, on fair days, collecting small
+sums of money from his white friends and sometimes from his own race. In
+this way he earns most of his income.
+
+"My folks was slaves of the Sligh family for many years, befo' I was
+born. My mammy and daddy and me b'long to Butler Sligh, at de time I
+begin to do chores and take notice of things. I be nearly half grown
+when my young master, Butler Sligh, am just four years old. He die, four
+or five years ago. I guess you 'member, 'cause he was a powerful
+well-known white man. He was seventy-five years old when he die.
+
+"De young master, he name for my old master. De old master and 'most all
+de white men of de neighborhood, 'round 'bout us, march off to de war in
+1861. One day I see them ridin' down de big road on many hosses and they
+wavin' deir hats and singin': 'We gwine to hang Abe Lincoln on a sour
+apple tree!' and they in fine spirits. My young master, Butler, who they
+call Junior at de time, he am too young to go with them so we stay home
+and farm. I go with him to de fields and he tell de slaves what to do.
+Durin' de war I see much of de soldiers who say they not quit fightin'
+'til all de damn-Yankees am dead. Dis was so, durin' de first two years.
+After dat I see more and more of de damn-Yankees, as they pass through
+'flictin' punishment on 'most everybody.
+
+"Sho' we hear dat all Negroes am free in 1863, but dat rumor not affect
+us. We work on, 'til Sherman come and burn and slash his way through de
+state in de spring of 1865. I just reckon I 'member dat freedom to de
+end of my life.
+
+"We gang up at my grandmother's cabin and she tell us it am so. We look
+scared, lak mules in de midst of a hornet nest, as we stood dere. We
+didn't wait long, for old Mistress Sligh she come 'long and say: 'Sho'
+it am so, you am free.' Many of de slaves, 'cludin' me, tell her we love
+to stay on and work as usual 'til de big white folks come. She smile and
+say: 'All right, maybe we be able to feed and clothe you, and when your
+old master git back from Virginia, maybe he will hire you!'
+
+"When I first marry, which was at de start of de war, I marry Sarah, a
+slave gal on de Sligh plantation. We has several chillun, befo' she die,
+which was soon after we move to Columbia. De chillun, at least two boys
+and two gals, all git grown, but they go North a long time ago, and I
+never hears from them.
+
+"When I come to Columbia in 1866, I find work on houses, and building
+was plentiful then. I git 'long pretty well, then, 'cause if I did not
+land a job, I could go to de Freedman's Aid Office at Assembly and
+Gervais streets and git rations and a little cash for my family. After
+de Freedman's Aid left town I had no trouble findin' work. And soon I
+was pretty prosperous. I kept that way, so long as I was able to do my
+share of de work.
+
+"It was in 1913, as I was walkin' 'long Hampton Street, dat I see my
+present wife, Sadie. She pass by me, and smile and look and I smile and
+look, and she slow up a little and say: 'What's happen, big boy?' I am
+so tickled, I say: 'I just have to tell you:
+
+    'De rose am red,
+    De violet's blue,
+    No knife can cut
+    My love in two.'
+
+"She say; 'Pretty good, big boy, pretty good! Come 'round and see me
+sometime.' I answer: 'I sho' will, Peaches and Cream'. And dat am just
+what I did. We got married dat same year, and we have been happy, 'til I
+git too old and feeble to work much. She work now to de best of her
+ability and we somtimes has a big squeeze to pay de rent. Dat is why I'm
+hopin' to get de old age pension, made possible by de greatest President
+of them all.
+
+"Does I recall de 'sassination of de first President dat died dat way?
+Yes sir, I sho' do. De first one was Abraham Lincoln, a little after de
+close of de war. He was shot while sittin' in a seat in de theater at
+Washington. James A. Garfield, was de nex' one. He was shot in de depot,
+at Washington. De nex' one was McKinley. He was shot while at a show
+place, in Buffalo."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon,=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=DAN SMITH=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 75 YEARS._=
+
+
+Dan Smith lives in one room, rent free, of a three-room frame house, the
+property of his son-in-law, Jim Cason. It is situated on the southeast
+corner of Garden and Palmer streets in the town of Winnsboro, S.C. He is
+tall, thin and toothless, with watery eyes and a pained expression of
+weariness on his face. He is slow and deliberate in movements. He still
+works, and has just finished a day's work mixing mortar in the
+construction of a brick store building for Mr. Lauderdale. His boss
+says: 'The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.' There is nothing
+organically wrong with Dan but he appears, in human anatomy, as Doctor
+Holmes's One Horse Shay must have looked the day before its final
+collapse.
+
+"You been here once befo' and now here you is again. You say you wanna
+git additions? Well, I's told you dat I was born in Richland County, a
+slave of Marse John Lever and on his plantation, January de 11th day,
+1862, when de war was gwine on. How I know? 'Cause my mammy and pappy
+told me so. They call my pappy Bob and my mammy Mary. Strange as it
+seem, my mistress name Mary, just de same as my mammy, tho' marster
+wasn't name Bob, lak pappy. Him name Marster John and de young marster,
+an only child, was name Marse Jim. You better stop right dere 'til I
+tell you pappy no b'long to de Levers. Him b'long to de Smiths. Him name
+Bob Smith, after freedom. Dat's how come I be dis day, Dan Smith. You
+ketch de p'int? Well dats de way it was.
+
+"Befo' pappy take a shine to mammy in slavery time, her got mixed up
+wid one of old Marse Burrell Cook's niggers and had a boy baby. He was
+as black as long-leaf pine tar. Her name him George Washington Cook but
+all him git called by, was Wash Cook. My full brudders was Jim, Wesley,
+and Joe. All of them dead and gone long ago.
+
+"Us chillun slept on de floor. Mammy had some kind of 'traption or
+other, 'ginst de wall of de log house us live in, for her and de baby
+child to git in at night. Us have plenty to eat, sich as: peas, 'tatoes,
+corn bread, 'lasses, buttermilk, turnips, collards and fat meat.
+
+"De only thing I 'member 'bout my mistress is: One day her come down to
+de house and see my brudder Joe sucking his thumb. Mammy tell her, her
+can't make him quit it. Mistress go back to de big house and come
+runnin' back with quinine. Her rub Joe's thumbs wid dat quinine and tell
+mammy to do dat once or twice a day. You ought to see dat baby's face de
+first time and heard him squall! It sho' stopped him sucking his thumbs!
+
+"Clothes? Didn't need no clothes in de summer time but a shirt. In de
+winter, us just stood 'bout de fire. I'm talkin' 'bout us chillun, don't
+'member 'bout old folks.
+
+"Master and Mistress lived in a big white house, two stories high, tall
+brick chimneys at de gable ends, and wide front and back piazzas de full
+length of de dwelling. Us chillun had no shoes. Mammy had two pair all
+de time but they had wooden bottoms. Dere was no white overseers 'round,
+but patarollers (patrollers) ketched my pappy once, in de house, jerk
+him out and whup him, while mammy and us chillun yell and cry and beg
+them to stop.
+
+"When de Yankees come, mammy hide us chillun under her bed 'traption.
+They act mighty nice to her, so she say.
+
+"What kinda work mammy do? Her was one of de weavers. Heard her tell
+'bout how they make de thread and de cloth. They had spinnin' wheels.
+Person turn de wheel wid de hand and walk back'ards and for'ards,
+drawing out de thread. Dis kind of thread, her say, was rough. Later
+they got a thing de spinners operate wid deir foots, settin' by de wheel
+and workin' it wid deir foots, sorta lak a sewing machine is run. Her
+'low de thread dat come to her in de weave-room from dis kind of
+spinnin' was smoother and more finer than de other kind. After de yarn
+was spin, it was reeled off de spools into hanks and then took to de
+warper. Then she woofed it, warped it, and loomed it into cloth. Her
+make four yards in a day.
+
+"After freedom, pappy come and take mammy and all us chillun to a farm
+on Cedar Creek, in dis county, Fairfield. I works dere 'til 1872, I
+thinks. I gits concerned 'bout dis time wid two things, jinin' wid de
+Lord, and jinin' wid de woman. De fust was easy. All I had to do was go
+to de Methodis' revival, shout a little, and jine up befo' de preacher.
+I just had to be convicted and convinced, but mind you, I was de one to
+be convinced, de other was not so easy. De Lord was easy to find and
+quick to take me, but de gal was hard to find and was slow to take me,
+'cause she was de one to be convinced dis time, you see.
+
+"I looks all 'round Cedar Creek. De ones I could git, I wouldn't have,
+and de ones I would have I couldn't git. So dere it was. I mounts old
+Betsy, dat was pappy's mule, one Sunday and come to Winnsboro. I spied a
+gal at church, 'bout de color of a ripe pumpkin after de big frosts done
+fall on it, hair black as a crow and meshed up and crinkled as a cucker
+burr. Just lookin' at her made my mouth water. Me and old Betsy raise de
+dust and keep de road hot from Cedar Creek to Winnsboro dat summer and
+fall, and when us sell de last bale of cotton, I buys me a suit of
+clothes, a new hat, a pair of boots, a new shirt, bottle Hoyt's cologne
+and rigs myself out and goes 'round and ask her to marry me. Her name
+Ida Benjamin. Did her fall for me right away? Did her take me on fust
+profession and confession lak de Lord did? No sir-ree bob! Her say: 'I
+got to go to school some more, I's too young. Got to see papa and mama
+'bout it. Wait 'til you come nex' time and I'll tell you.' I was
+confused then, I gits up, gives her de cologne bottle, and mounts old
+Betsy, spurs her in de side, gallops, and cusses all de way back to
+Cedar Creek. I confess to mammy. Her laugh and say: 'Dan, you knows
+nothin' 'bout women and gals. Why it's mighty plain she gonna say yes,
+nex' time.' Just lak her say, Ida did, and us got married de end of de
+nex' school term, in May.
+
+"Us had ten chillun. Dan, name for me, is at Concord, N.C. Oscar is in
+Concord, N.C. Lucinda marry a Haltiwanger and is comfortable in
+Baltimore, Md. Aurelia marry a Williams and is in Baltimore. Henrietta
+marry a Sawney and is in Charlotte, N.C. Lilly marry Jim Cason and live
+right in Winnsboro, in de house I have a room in.
+
+"I got lots of gran'childs, too many to mention, They take after dere
+grandma, lak to go to school and read de Bible and go to church and
+Sunday School.
+
+"Whut I have on my mind now is a pension. When a man git seventy-five
+years old, (I hear folks talk 'round me) dat man should not be 'lowed to
+work on de Supreme Court, him should be give a pension of $15,000.00 and
+made to stop work. Him may have chillun dat can support him, all de
+same, dat jedge gits his pension. Then in de name of goodness, why don't
+they make me quit mixing mortar when I is seventy-five years old and
+give me $240.00 a year? Sauce for de fat goose Supreme Court Jedge,
+oughta be sauce for de mortar mixer poor gander, I 'low. It look lak
+jestice for de rich jedge and mix more mortar for poor Dan."
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, July 22, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words=________
+ =Reduced from______words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ _______________________
+
+=HECTOR SMITH=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 79 Years=
+
+
+"I born down here in Wahee Neck. Easter Avant, dat was my mammy en my
+father name Hector Smith. Coase I ain' never see him cause he die fore I
+was born, but dat what dey tell me. Dat was a pretty rough time wid de
+people den. I don' recollect so much bout de times back dere cause in
+dat day en time chillun didn' have de heap of knowledge dey have dis day
+en time, but I remembers seein de Yankees en de people gwine to de war.
+Oh, dat was a tough time cause dey use de whip in dem days. Oh, yes'um,
+my Massa whip my gran'mammy wid a leather strap. You see she had a knack
+of gwine off for some cause or another en meetin de boat what run up en
+down dat big Pee Dee river en bring fertilizer en all kind of goods to
+de peoples. Massa Randall had told her not to go nowhe' bout dat boat,
+but some people is sorta high strung like en dey go off anyhow no matter
+bout de whip. Oh, yes'um, he sho whip her like he didn' have no soul to
+save."
+
+"I couldn' tell you nothin bout how many slaves Massa Randall Davis had,
+but I know dat he had a right smart of them. I know it cause he had so
+many field hands dey didn' none of em never have to work every day in de
+field. Oh, dey just knock bout our Massa house en see after de stock en
+such things as dat what time dey didn' have to work in de field."
+
+"You knows when a thing happen so long back dere, it does vanish from a
+person's remembrance some of de time en den it'll wander back to you
+when you ain' thinkin bout it. I does recollect dat dere wasn' nothin
+much more for de colored peoples in dat day en time den what dey got to
+eat en de clothes dey had to wear. My Massa give everyone of he colored
+family a peck of meal en a quart of syrup en so much of meat every week
+en 'low em all to have a garden of dey own. Oh, dey work dey garden by
+de moonshine en fore light good in de mornin cause dey had to turn dey
+hand to dey Massa work when daylight come here. I tellin you corn bread
+was sweet to me in dat day en time as pound cake ever been. Wasn' never
+noways pickin' en choosin bout nothin. Oh, I forget bout all dem possums
+en rabbits dat eat right smart in dem days. Use to catch em when dey had
+swells of de water en dey come out de woods to hunt dry land. It just
+like dis, dey couldn' conceal demselves in de open fields en dat
+how-come we catch em so easy. Run em down wid de dogs en make em take to
+de water. Dat how we catch em. Dat sho was sweet eatin in dem days."
+
+"Den we had a log house to stay in what never had but just one room en
+de furniture we had was worser den de house. Us beds was made wid four
+stumps for de corners dat had boards lay cross em to put de mattress on.
+Some of de colored peoples had bag mattress stuff wid hay en de others
+had homespun mattress what was stuff wid dis here gray moss you see in
+de woods. En I remembers all bout when de peoples had to cook in de
+fireplace cause dere wasn' much stoves in circulation in dat day en
+time."
+
+"Well, I don' know so much bout dem things peoples call ghost, but I
+know dat I has seen things. I knows once long time back I was gwine long
+de road late on a evenin drivin me ox what I had hitch up to de cart en
+a ghost or somethin or another cause dat cart wheel to go right in de
+ditch. Well, de ox, he pull en he pull, but wid all me help, he couldn'
+never pull dat cart out. I ax some of dem people bout dere what dey
+reckon dat was en dey say all dey know to compare it to was a hant or a
+ghost. No 'mam, didn' see it, just hear it cause it come right to my
+back en knocked. It had been rainin en soon as it quit, de moon shine
+out bright as ever was day en dat when de hant turn de cart loose."
+
+"De next thing I see was one time when me en another fellow was sleepin
+in de swamp. I couldn' tell whe' de moon rise den en when I come to my
+senses, dere was one of dem things just a danglin in de air like dese
+things show people have. Some people say dat was a ghost."
+
+"Oh, de peoples didn' never worry bout no doctor den. Dey doctor was in
+de field in dat day en time. I gwine tell you just like I know it, all
+de older peoples use to get de herbs out de old fields for dey remedies.
+My Massa en my Missus was de ones what doctor mostly in dem times. Use
+to get old field ringdom, what smell like dis here mint, en boil dat en
+let it steep. Dat what was good to sweat a fever en cold out you. Den
+dere was life everlastin tea dat was good for a bad cold en cherry bark
+what would make de blood so bitter no fever never couldn' stand it. Dem
+what had de rheumatism had to take dat lion's tongue or what some
+peoples calls wintergreen tea en some of de time, dey take pine top en
+mix wid de herbs to make a complete cure. Oh, dey make it bad as dey
+could so as to weaken de case. Another thing dat been good for de
+rheumatism was dat red oak bark dat dey use to bathe de limbs wid.
+Willow tea was somethin good for chill en fever en catnip en sage tea
+was de thing for babies."
+
+"It like I tell you de colored peoples never get no learnin but what
+little dey catch from de plantation men in dem night schools. Oh, dey
+give everyone of us a slate en slate pencil en we study dere in de
+quarter in de night time by de light of de fire. Studied dem Blue Back
+Websters. Dat was de text we know bout den."
+
+"I tell you de truth I live so much in darkness den dat I think dat time
+was bout good as dis time. Didn' know no better sense den. I tell you
+just like I been know it, de peoples was coward like in dem days.
+Couldn' never pluck up no ambition to do a heap of things de people do
+dis day en time. Dat how-come I rather live in dis go round."
+
+
+  _Source_: Hector Smith, ex-slave, age 79, Wahee section of
+  Marion Co., S.C.
+  Personal interview, July 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No. 390144=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, July 14, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words________=
+ =Reduced from_____words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ ______________________
+
+=HECTOR SMITH=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 79 years=
+
+
+"I studied en studied what songs would suit, but dem old familiar hymns
+bout all I know dese days. You see dem old familiar hymns what de spirit
+sings. It just like I tell you, I put all dem other kind of songs away
+when I is change to a better way of livin. I does remember first one en
+den de other of dem frolicksome song dat my grandparents learnt me."
+
+NOBODY BUSINESS BUT MINE
+
+ I.  Rabbit in de hollow,
+     I ain' got no dog,
+     How can I catch em?
+     I do know! I do know!
+     O Me! O Mine!
+     Sorry dat if I leave my home,
+     I gwine to my shack
+     Wid de chicken on my back,
+     Nobody business but mine.
+
+                                   (_Continued on next page._)
+
+ II. Rabbit in de hollow,
+     Ain' got no dog,
+     How can he catch em?
+     I do know! I do know!
+     O Me! O Mine!
+     Let every nigger have his way,
+     Gwine to his shack
+     Wid he chicken on his back,
+     Nobody business but his.
+
+
+  _Source_: Hector Smith, ex-slave, 79 years.,
+  Wahee section of Marion Co., S.C.
+  Personal interview, July 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, July 14, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words______7____=
+ =Reduced from_____words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ ________________________
+
+=_WAY DOWN IN DE LONESOME VALLEY_=
+
+
+ I.   De mockin birds a singin so sweetly,
+      So sweetly, so sweetly.
+      De mockin birds a singin so sweetly,
+      So sweetly, so sweetly.
+      Way down in de lonesome valley.
+
+ II.  Dey tell you one thing en dey mean another,
+      Mean another, mean another.
+      Dey tell you one thing en dey mean another,
+      Mean another, mean another.
+      Way down in de lonesome valley.
+
+ III. Some say, what make de young girls so deceivin?
+      So deceivin, so deceivin?
+      Some say, what make de young girls so deceivin?
+      So deceivin, so deceivin?
+      Way down in de lonesome valley.
+
+"Dat go way back dere. De peoples didn' have nothin more den a mouth
+organ to make music wid in dem times."
+
+
+  _Source_: Hector Smith, age 79, ex-slave., Wahee section
+  of Marion Co., S.C.
+  Personal interview, July 1937.
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, July 14, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words____8______=
+ =Reduced from_____words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ ________________________
+
+=_HOLD DE DEAL_=
+
+
+ I.   Kitty, Kitty died O--O,
+      Kitty had a man.
+      Rather kiss a monkey,
+      Den to kiss a nigger man.
+      Hold de deal! Hold de deal!
+      I'm gwine to get drunk again.
+
+ II.  Nigger on de horseback,
+      Thought he was de king.
+      Come along alligator,
+      En let de nigger in.
+      Hold de deal! Hold de deal!
+      I'm gwine to get drunk again.
+
+
+  _Source_: Hector Smith, age 79, ex-slave, Wahee section
+  of Marion Co., S.C.
+  Personal interview, July 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, July 14, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words____9______=
+ =Reduced from_____words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ ________________________
+
+=Hector Smith=
+
+=ex-Slave, 79 years.=
+
+
+"I use to holler a heap in late years but after I lay it down, all dat
+leave me."
+
+    Bulldogs a barkin,
+    Howl! Howl!
+    Bulldogs a barkin,
+    Howl! Howl!
+    Bulldogs a barkin,
+    Howl! Howl!
+    Ah--oodle--oodle--ou,
+    Ah--oodle--oodle--ou,
+    Ah--ou--ah--ou,
+    Ah--oodle--ou,
+    Ah--ou--ah--ou,
+    Ah--oodle--oodle--ou.
+
+
+  _Source_: Hector Smith, 79 years, ex-slave, Wahee section
+  of Marion Co., S.C.
+  Personal interview, July 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-(1)=
+ =Folk Lore=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =District No. 4=
+ =May 28, 1937.=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =R.V. Williams=
+
+=STORIES OF EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"Aunt" Jane Smith, 80 years old, says that she was only eight years old
+when the war ended, and that her recollections are very meagre as to
+conditions during slavery.
+
+Her mother belonged to John Snoddy, who owned a farm a few miles west of
+Spartanburg. Her father was owned by Dr. Miller of a nearby plantation.
+She stated that she was old enought to rock the cradle for the white
+babies during slavery.
+
+She stated that she could remember seeing some of the slaves being
+whipped on their bare backs with a plaited hickory stick, or thong. She
+never received any whippings. She said that a man once cut at her with
+his thong, but that she escaped the blow by dodging.
+
+She said she remembered seeing a small child with a piece of bread in
+its hand when a hog entered the house and in snatching at the bread,
+caught the child's hand near the thumb with its tusks. When running off,
+the hog carried the child with it, dragging it along into the field. All
+the other children and some men ran after the hog and caught it. The
+other colored children were whipped, but by staying in the house and
+watching the babies, keeping them safe from other pigs which had also
+entered the house, she was not whipped.
+
+Aunt Jane said that when the Yankee soldiers came to the house, they
+were just as thick as the "fingers on her hands." She held up her hands
+for inspection to illustrate how thick the soldiers stood in the ranks.
+She said they did not take anything, but that they crawled under the
+house to get the hen eggs. One soldier, she said, came to the house and
+asked if there were any horses on the farm. A colored woman told him
+that there were no horses on the place, but just at that time, one of
+the horses in a nearby stable neighed, and the soldier threatened the
+woman's life for lying to him. She says she doesn't remember whether the
+soldier took the horses but thinks that he did.
+
+The soldiers told the colored people that they free, but she said that
+didn't signify much to her mind. Some time afterwards, she said her
+father came and carried her and her mother to his master's place. Later,
+she came to Spartanburg and got a job as a cook and washerwoman.
+
+When asked if she knew anything about conjuring, she stated that she had
+heard of it but didn't know anything about it. When asked if she had
+ever seen a ghost, she said, "No, but I heard one once." She said that
+one night after her master had killed "hisself" in the barn with a
+pistol, she heard the doors being shut, the windows being slammed, and
+the chairs rocking on the front porch all by themselves. She declared
+that the wind was not blowing and that a "ghost was doing all dem
+things."
+
+She stated that she had been married twice; had reared a houseful of
+children; had adopted some and reared them, but that she didn't have
+anybody to work for her now but "him," referring to her husband who was
+sitting on a trunk.
+
+"Thank the Lord for coming to see me," she said, as the writer left.
+
+
+  SOURCE: Jane Smith, Concord St., Spartanburg, S.C. Interviewer: F.S.
+  DuPre
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Nov. 9, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I liked to went crazy when my brother, Bob, went to Arkansas. Den Marse
+George Young wrote our names in a book and give it to my ma. It was jes'
+a small mem'randum book. We kept it till Miss Addie, dat is Mrs. Billy,
+give ma de Bible storybook, and den she copied our names in dat one. De
+little book was about wore out den; so it was burned up when Miss Addie
+had done finished writing our names in de storybook. Us gwine to keep
+dat book and hand it down atter we done left dis earth. Ma been dead now
+over fifty years.
+
+"I sho nu'sed Marse George's chilluns fer him, when I was a little gal.
+Jimmie, Willie, Conquest, Jack, Katie and Annie was Marse's chilluns.
+Conquest dead now. Marse George had a great big house. He was a jes'tice
+of de peace or something or 'nother den. I don't know what year my ma
+died, but Marse had her buried at New Chapel. Dat same year we raised a
+big crop of corn, cotton and peanuts, and had plenty hogs. Marse let us
+have all we wanted. He let us hang our meat in his smokehouse dat year.
+
+"Befo' ma died and I was a little gal, a terrible thing happened to us.
+Across de Enoree on another place, de Miller place, Fannie Miller run
+away. Dey couldn't find her fer a long time. Dey told my marster to git
+her. One Sunday my ma got ready to dress me fer Sunday school. She
+bathed me and when she looked in de drawer she couldn't find my clothes.
+All of her clothes was gone, too. I cried 'cause I couldn't go to Sunday
+school. Maude, de woman what lived next to us, went to church. She saw
+Fannie dar wid all ma's clothes on. She told Marse about it and he sont
+out and had Fannie caught. She had come to our house and got de clothes
+on Saturday evening. She had dem hid in a old house on our place. Dey
+put her in jail, and den her marster come and whupped her and sont de
+clothes back to ma. She never tried to run off agin.
+
+"Jack Gist, a slave of Gov. Gist, run away once and lived in a cave fer
+five months befo' de white folks found him. He went down on 'de forest'
+and dug a cave near de road in sight of de Harris Bridge which still
+spans de Fairforest Creek at dat p'int. De cave wasn't dug on Governor
+Gist's land, but on a place know'd den as de old Jackson place. In de
+mid hours of night Jack come to see his friends and dey give him things
+to eat. When dey got him he had a hog, two geese, some chickens and two
+middles of meat. Cose de hog and de middles was stole.
+
+"One night he was crossing de Fairforest Creek on a foot-log and he met
+Anderson Gist, one of de Governor's slaves. Dey talked fer awhile. Next
+morning, Anderson come wid his marster to de cave whar Jack was. Dey
+took all his things on to de big house, and he was whupped and put back
+to work. Governor Gist and our marster was good to deir slaves and dey
+didn't punish 'em hard like some of 'em did. We had lots more den dan we
+has had ever since.
+
+"I never went to de field till atter freedom come. Dey wasn't hard on us
+in de fields and I liked to work. We worked mostly from sun-up till it
+was too dark to work. Marster's youngest girl, Mary Jane Young, married
+Mr. Dave Lane. Dey didn't have a wedding.
+
+"My grandpa was a African and he talked real funny. He was low, chunky,
+fat and real black. He went around a lot befo' he died. He was de father
+of my mother, Clora. Granny, his wife, was called 'Fender' and she died
+de first year of freedom. She was sold and lived on a neighboring
+plantation. We went to see her every Saturday. Ma would always take us
+to see her, and if we didn't git to go, she come to see us. We liked to
+go, and Marse always give us a pass. De patrollers watch us like a hawk,
+but we had our passes and we told dem if dey bothered us our marster
+would handle 'em. He would, too, 'cause dat was 'de law'. Granny Fender
+was good looking. She wore purty beads, earrings and bracelets, and
+wrapped her head up in a red cloth. Her eyes and teeth flashed and she
+was always jolly. Sometimes we stay all night, but most de time we come
+back home. When she come to see us she always stay all night. All de old
+folks had real religion den, and it kept 'em happy. Folks now are too
+fancy fer religion and it ain't real. I has real religion and nothing
+don't worry me. I feels happy all de time over it.
+
+"My marster give my mother de spot of ground and de lumber fer our
+church which was named New Chapel. De second church is on de same spot.
+De first preaching was had under a oak tree, or arbor. Uncle Tony Murphy
+was de first preacher. He was my favorite of all de preachers. Marse
+read de Bible to us, but sometimes others read it to us, too. His son,
+Bud, dat was killed in de first battle, used to come to de quarters and
+read de Bible to us.
+
+"Alex Hall was de minister dat immersed us all. We was all Methodists,
+but out dar dey baptized everybody in de Fairforest no matter what
+church dey went to. Dar was fifty people baptized de day dat I was.
+Milly Bethane made me a big white robe to be baptized in. When I got out
+I had a white dress to put on. Dey had a tent fer us to go in to change
+our clothes. We was baptized in de Fairforest jes' above de Harris
+Bridge. Everybody sung while we was going under de water. Some of 'em
+shouted, too. It took de earthquake to shake religion in my husband. He
+was Emanuel Gist, de first one.
+
+"Dat night, de people was hollering and woke me up. My husband called
+me. 'What dat?' he 'low. 'I don't know,' I says. He got up and run out.
+Soon he come back home and he was shaking all over. He fell on de bed.
+When de chimney started to fall, I told him to git up. He said he was
+too scared to git up. I pulled him up and he was so scared dat he shook
+all over. I opened de door. He was too scared to stand up. Next day he
+couldn't work; so he went off. I looked fer him till way in de night.
+When he did come home, he was rejoicing. He was wid religion and he
+never give it up. Dat was on de night of de earthquake. You could hear
+people hollering fer miles around."
+
+
+  Source: Mary Smith (N, 84), Buffalo St., Union, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (9/14/37)
+
+
+
+
+ =S-260-264-N=
+ =Project: #1885=
+ =Augustus Ladson=
+ =Charleston, S.C.=
+
+=EXPERIENCES OF AN EX-SLAVE ON WARDMALAW ISLAND=
+
+=_Massa Wus Kind to Slaves_=
+
+
+Prince Smith, a man who is said to be over a hundred years of age, has
+lived on Wardmalaw Island practically all of his life. His experiences
+during slavery are very interesting and true to life. An interview with
+him revealed the following:
+
+"I was bo'n an' raise' on dis island and was only frum here when de
+Civil War had begun. W'en Fort Sumter wus fired on mossa carried seventy
+of us to Greenville, South Ca'lina on account of its montanous sections,
+which was believed would have prevented the Yankees invasion in regard
+to their hide-out." We stayed een Greenville nearly four years. Durin'
+dat time mossa planted his fa'm an' we wurk as if we wus right here.
+
+"The Yankees had gunboats," he continued, "but dey didn' help dem atoll
+fur dey couldn' make any a'tack dat dis place is so unsuited fur water
+battles. But forest' battles wus fight on Beaufort Island and Port
+Royale. We een Greenville didn' know enyt'ing 'bout whut wus goin' on
+except what wus brought to us collud people by dose who wus sent to da
+town. Mossa didn' tell us eny ting. Fur almos' four 'ears we stayed een
+Greenville w'en suddenly one Chuesday mornin' bright an' early, Sheridan
+came into Greenville on horse backs en' order ebery body to sarrendar.
+Colonels an' Gen'rals came een de city widout de firin' of a gun. We
+stayed dere 'til harvestin' time by de orders of Master Osland Bailey
+who saw to it dat we wus given money as a share fur our wurk.
+
+"Mossa's custom at de end of de week wus to give a dry peck o' corn
+which you had to grin' on Sat'day ebenin' w'en his wurk wus done. Only
+on Chris'mus he killed en give a piece o' meat. De driber did de
+distribution o' de ration. All young men wus given four quarts o' corn
+a week, while de grown men wus given six quarts. All of us could plant
+as much lan' as we wuld fur our own use. We could raise fowls. My master
+wus a gentleman, he treat all his slaves good. My fadder an' me wus his
+favorite.
+
+"Some o' de slaves had to wurk on Sunday to finish dere week's wurk. If
+dey didn' de dribber who wus a Negro would give a lashin' varyin' frum
+fifteen to twenty five chops. Only high-class massas had Negro
+dribbters, de crackers had white overseers.
+
+"Like odder slaves had to hide frum dere mastas to hab meetin', us could
+hab ours any night we want to even widout his consent. When masta went
+to town any o' his slaves could ax him to buy t'ings for dem een
+Cha'leston. When Jews en peddlers came with clothes an' gunger to sell,
+we as chillun would go to him an' ax fur money to buy whut we want.
+
+"He had about four hund'ed acres of land which he divided in two half by
+a fence. One 'ear he would plant one an' let de cattles pasture on de
+oder. We could also raise hogs 'long wood his but had to change pasture
+w'en he did. De people on his plantation didn' hab any need to steal
+from him fur he didn' 'low us to want fur any thing.
+
+"Dere wus three kinds of days wurk on de plantation: One is de whole
+tas', meanin' a whole han' or a person een his prime. He wus given two
+tas' fur dis day's wurk. A tas' carried frum twenty four to twenty five
+rows which wus thirty-five feet long en twenty five feet wide. De shree
+fourth han' wus given one whole tas' which consists of twelve rows. All
+de young chillun wus included in dis group. De half han' was de old
+slaves who did a half tas' for dere day's work. When it was time to pick
+cotton, de shree fourth han' had to pick thirty pound' an' de half han'
+twenty fur dere day's wurk. Dose who attended to the gin only include de
+three fourth han'.
+
+"Massa had shree kinds o' punishment fur dose who disobeyed him. One wus
+de sweatbox. It wus made de height of de person an' no larger. Jus'
+large 'nough so de person woodn' hab to be squeezed in. De box is
+nailed an' een summer is put een de hot sun; een de winter it is put in
+de coldest, dampest place. De next is de Stock. Wood is nailed on floor
+with de person lyin' on his back wid hans an' feet tied wood a heavy
+weight on de chest. De shird is de Bilboa. You are place on a high
+scaffold fur so many hours an' if you don' try to keep a level head,
+you'll fall an you will surely hurt yourself if your neck isn't broken.
+Most o' de time dey were put dere so dey could break dere necks."
+
+
+  _SOURCE_
+
+  Information from an interview with Mr. Prince Smith, who is supposed to
+  be over a hundred years of age, Wardmalaw Island, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Nov. 29, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"Lawsey, honey chile, how does I know jes' when I was born. All sech as
+dat don't mean nothing to us old slave time darkies. De mis'tus say,
+'Silas, you sho was thirteen years old when dat 'Federate War wound up!
+Dat's all I knows and dat's what I goes by. De white folks is worrying
+'bout my age being in sech and sech a year and all de like of dat. No
+sech as dat don't worry Silas, kaise he sho don't give it no mind, dat I
+doesn't.
+
+"Mis'tus call us all to set down on de side steps wid our hats in our
+hands. She read dat paper. When she git through, us still sets, kaise no
+writing never aggrevated us niggers way back dar. She wait a few
+minutes; den she 'low: 'It means dat you all is free, jes' as free as I
+is.' 'Dumpling Pie' jumped up and started crying. We all looked at him,
+kaise he was a fat lazy thing dat laid around like dumplings a-laying
+over kraut, and we axed him what he was crying for. He say, 'I ain't
+gwine to be no free nigger, kaise dat brings in de Issue, and I wants to
+keep my ma and pa, and what is I'm gwine to do widout Marse Dusey?'
+
+"Dat woke us up. Didn't narry nigger on dat entire plantation know what
+to do widout his marster. It was de awfulest feeling dat everything in
+dem quarters laid down wid dat night, de new feeling dat day was free
+and never had no marster to tell dem what to do. You felt jes' like you
+had done strayed off a-fishing and got lost. It sho won't no fun to be
+free, kaise we never had nothing.
+
+"Next morning Mis'tus low, 'Silas, I wants you to keep on being my house
+boy.' Dat sound de best to me of any news dat I had got. She hired me
+and I jes' kept on den as I had been gwine befo'. De quarters broke up,
+kaise Marse Dusey couldn't keep all dem niggers, so Mis'tus low'd. Marse
+was at de war and Mis'tus took things on.
+
+"Dat left only a few in de quarter. In de meantime, carpetbaggers and
+scalawags had put devilment in some of dem ig'nant niggers and dey
+thought dat if dey leave, de U.S. gwine to give dem a plantation atter
+de war had ceased, and plenty mules to make dem rich, like quality white
+folks. So by dat time dey was a-raring to git moved off. But I stay on
+wid Miss Sallie, as I called her den.
+
+"One dark, rainy cold day a stranger come riding up on a po' hoss and
+fetched a note of sorrow. Marse Dusey had done died somewhars, and
+Mis'tus was widowed to de ground. I stayed on, and in a year she died.
+Mr. Thomas Smith of Hickory Grove is de onliest chile living of my
+mis'tus, and he is 71 years old.
+
+"Atter Mis'tus died, I went to live wid my pa on Mr. 'Baby' John Smith's
+place. He had been my pa's marster. Way back den it was so many John
+Smiths. 'Pears like it was mo' den dan now. Dat why dey call Mis'tus'
+husband 'John Dusey'. Each John had a frill to his name so dat folks
+could keep dem straight in deir minds whenever dey would speak of dem.
+Mis'tus sho was good to me. I 'members her chilluns' names well; Misses
+Aurita and Amenta. Miss Amenta married Mr. Sam Jeffries. Miss Rachael,
+Mis'tus other daughter, married Mr. John Morrow. Her 'Baby' John married
+a lady whose name I jes' disremembers, anyway dey had a son called
+'Jeff'. He lived between Hickory Grove and Broad River. All dese Smiths
+which I gives you renumeration of is de Hickory Grove Smiths. You jes'
+has to keep dem straight yet."
+
+
+  Source: Silas Smith (N, 85), Gaffney, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. (11/27/37)
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, May 17, 1937=
+
+ =No. Words _____=
+ =Reduced from ____ words=
+ =Rewritten by=
+ =_____________=
+
+=MOM JESSIE SPARROW=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 83 years.=
+
+
+"Honey, my white folks been well-to-do peoples. Dey ain' been no poor
+white trash. Dey hab 'stonishing blood in dey vein. I been b'long to
+Massa Sam Stevenson wha' lib right down dere 'cross Ole Smith Swamp. Dey
+ain' hab no chillun dey own, but dey is raise uh poor white girl dere,
+Betty. Dey gi'e (give) she eve'yt'ing she ha'e en dey school she too."
+
+"De ole man, he mind ain' been zactly right when he die. Dey say he bury
+some o' he money down dere on he place jes 'fore he die. Coase I dunno
+nuthin 'bout it, but dats wha' dey tell me. Dey say dey never is find
+dat money a'ter he been dead. Reckon it dere yet, I dunno. Peoples
+use'er aw de time be plough up kegs en box full o' money en va'uables
+wha' de well-to-do folks been hide dere."
+
+"De white peoples use'er bury dey silver en dey money en aw dey
+va'uables late on uh evenin' er early on uh mornin' when de Yankees come
+'bout. De Yankees 'stroy aw us white peoples va'uables wha' dey is see.
+Um----dem Yankees sho' was 'structive whey dey is went."
+
+"My ole mammy been Sally Stevenson 'fore she marry en den she wuz Sally
+Bowens. My ole Missus take she 'way from her mammy when she wuz jes uh
+little small girl en never wouldn't 'low her go in de colored
+settlement no more. She been raise up in de white folks house to be de
+house girl. Never didn't work none tall outside. She sleep on uh pallet
+right down by de Missus bed. She sleep dere so she kin keep de Missus
+kivver (cover) up aw t'rough de night. My mammy ain' never do nuthin but
+been de house girl. My Missus larnt (learned) she how to cut en sew so
+she been good uh seamstress is dere wuz anywhey. She help de Missus make
+aw de plantation clothes en dere ain' never been no better washer en
+ironer no whey den my ole mammy wuz."
+
+"When I wuz uh little small girl, us lib right dere in my ole Missus
+yard. Dey le' us chillun play aw us wanna den. Never did hadder do none
+hard work tall. My Massa is some uh time send we chillun in de field to
+scare de crow offen de corn. Ain' never been no hoe hand in me life.
+When dey send we to scare de crow 'way, we is go in de field when fuss
+(first) sun up en we is stay dere aw day. Coase we is come to de house
+when 12 o'clock come en ge' we sumptin uh eat. Dese white folks 'round
+here don' hab no chillun to scare de crow offen dey corn nowadays. Dey
+has aw kind o' ole stick sot (set) 'bout in de field wid ole pant en
+coat flying 'bout on dem to scare de crow 'way. Dere be plenty crow
+'bout nowadays too. I hears em hollerin aw 'bout in dis sky 'round 'bout
+here."
+
+"I 'member when I use'er nu'se de white folks baby. I al'ays did lub to
+nu'se de babies, but I didn't never lub to nu'se no ug'y baby. I lub to
+hab uh pretty baby to nu'se. Didn't lak no boy baby neither. Don' lak
+boy baby nohow. Lubbed little girl baby. Lubbed to take de little girls
+en dress em up in dey pretty clothes en carry dem out under de trees to
+'muse dem whey dere wuz plenty peoples 'bout to see em. Mammy al'ays 'ud
+fuss at me 'bout puttin' on dey best clothes, but I ain' never do lak
+dese nu'se do nowadays. I take care o' my babies, didn't never 'low em
+wallow in de dirt lak yunnah see dese nu'se do 'bout here dese day en
+time."
+
+"I 'members one time I been nu'se little boy baby en I is larnt he hair
+to curl jes uz pretty. I bresh he hair eve'y morning en twist it 'round
+me finger en he is had pretty curl uz dere wuz anywhey. Never lak de
+Missus to cut my baby hair off neither when I had larnt it to curl."
+
+"I been lub to wash little baby clothes too. I is primp em up so nice.
+Never did put no starch much in em. I do me best on em en when I ge'
+t'rough, dey been look too nice to le' de child muss up."
+
+"Honey, I can' stand no chillun fuss 'round me no more dese days. Don'
+hab no chillun fuss 'round me peaceful little place. I tell aw me
+chillun en grandchillun en great-grandchillun dat I can' stand no
+chillun fuss 'round me no more. My Sammie, he marry three times en I ax
+him why he wanna marry so many time. I ain' never see no man I is wan'
+since my ole man die."
+
+"I ain' wha' I use'er to be, child. I ain' able to do nuthin more now
+but dem little bit o' clothes wha' Miss Betty hab. Coase she clothes
+ain' hard to wash. Miss Betty mighty clean, honey, she mighty clean. She
+don' strip she bed but eve'y udder week en den de sheet ain' dirty one
+speck. She does wash she self eve'y day en de sheet don' ge' de crease
+out dem from one time dey wash till de next. I say I gwinna wash Miss
+Betty clothes jes uz long uz de Massa'll le' me em."
+
+
+  _Source_: Personal interview with Mom Jessie Sparrow,
+  age 83, colored, Marion, S.C., May 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date. May 24, 1937=
+
+=MOM JESSIE SPARROW=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 83 years.=
+
+
+"I dunno, child, I don' 'member nuthin more den I tell yuh de udder
+time. Is yuh been to see Maggie Black yet? I dunno how old she, but I
+know she been here. No, child, Maggie ain' dead. She lib right down dere
+next Bethel Church. She move 'way from Miss Mullins house when Gus die.
+Coase I ain' ne'er been in she house a'ter she move dere, but dey say
+she hab uh mighty restful place dere. Dat wha' dey tell me. Maggie
+oughta could tell yuh aw 'bout dem times. I ain' know nuthin more to
+tell yuh. Don' tell yuh aw I know."
+
+"Who my mammy wuz? My mammy been Sallie Stevenson 'fore she marry en den
+a'ter she marry, she waz Sallie Bowens. Don' know whey dey ge' de Bowens
+from cause my pa been b'long to be uh Evans. Dat how come Miss Betty
+know so much 'bout me. She say we mighty nigh de same age. Coase I don'
+never 'spute Miss Betty word, but I don' t'ink so."
+
+"No, child, I dunno. Dunno how many chillun my mammy is hab. Dey aw been
+die sech uh long time dat I don' forgot. Coase George, de carpenter, my
+brother. He been train up by uh good carpenter man en Henry, wha' paint
+aw dese house 'bout here, b'long to be annuder one uv we. It jes lak
+'bout my own chillun, I ain' 'member how many dey wuz. I know dere 'bout
+t'ree uv dem bigguns dead, but aw dem babies, Lawd, I ain' 'member how
+many dere wuz. Can' never recollect nuthin 'bout how many dere been come
+here."
+
+"My mammy been de house girl in my white folks house. She marry when she
+ain' but 13 year old. Dat wha' she tell me. She say she marry to ge'
+outer de big house. Dat how come she to marry so soon. Say de white
+folks take she way from she mammy when she won' but uh little small girl
+en make she sleep right dere on uh pallet in de Missus room aw de time
+'fore she marry. Coase a'ter she marry, she been de house girl right on
+but she never stay in de Missus house when night come. Us chillun ain'
+been 'low to stay in de big house. Dey hab uh room put on de kitchen fa
+my mammy en she family to lib in. We chillun stay right dere in de yard
+whey my mammy could look a'ter us in en 'round. My mammy hadder stay
+'bout my ole Missus aw de day en help she cut en sew de plantation
+clothes en wash en iron. Den she hadder help make quilts outer aw de
+scrap dat been left o'er a'ter de garment was cut out."
+
+"Us chillun been fed from de table right dere in de Missus kitchen en
+some uv de time my mammy 'ud bring us sumptin to eat, wha' wuz cook in
+de Missus kitchen, en le' us eat it in she room. Dey'ud gi'e us hominy
+en milk en meat fa us break'ast. My white folks hadder uh lot uv cows en
+dey'ud gi'e us chillun plenty milk en clabber to eat. We is hab milk en
+clabber eve'y day en dey is gi'e us plenty meat to eat, so dey is dat.
+Child, I ain' know no slack eatin' 'round my ole Missus. Some uv de time
+we hab hoecake en den annuder time dey'ud gi'e us obben (oven) bread.
+Dey cook eve'yt'ing on de fireplace in dem days, eve't'ing. Jes hab rods
+put 'cross de fireplace in de kitchen wid pot hang on it. Dat whey dey
+cook us ration. Dey'ud gi'e us t'ings lak peas en collards en meat fa we
+dinner. Den dey'ud gi'e us uh big bowl uv corn bread en clabber late in
+de evenin' cause jes lak I is call to yuh jes now, dey is use milk right
+smart in dem days. I lak eve'yt'ing wha' dey is hab to eat den. Dey
+never eat lak dese peoples eats nowadays. I won' larnt to lak aw kind uv
+t'ing. Dey use'er cook poke salad wha' been season wid meat. Don' yuh
+know wha' dat? Poke salad is come up jes lak dose weed out dere en dey
+is cut de top offen dem en take aw de hard part outer em en den dey is
+boil em uh long time wid meat. Dey is eat right good too. Don' lak
+spinach en aw dat sumptin en don' lak celery neither. Don' lak butter
+put in nuthin I eats. I laks me squash fried down brown lak wid grease
+in de pan. I laks me beets wid uh little vinegay on em en season wid
+some sugar sprinkle on em. Don' lak em jes wid nuthin but uh little salt
+en butter smear aw o'er dem lak some uv dese peoples 'bout here eat em
+nowadays."
+
+"Yas'um, we use'er eat plenty uv em possum. Eve'y one dey is ketch, us
+parent cook it. Us eat aw kinder wild animal den sech uz coon, possum,
+rabbit, squirrel en aw dat. Hab plenty uv fish in dem days too. Hab pond
+right next de white folks house en is ketch aw de fish dere dat we is
+wan'. Some uv de time dey'ud fry em en den some uv de time dey'ud make
+uh stew. Dey'ud put uh little salt en onion en grease in de stew en
+anyt'ing dey been ge' hold uv."
+
+"Massa Sam been hab uh heap uv colored peoples 'sides we, but dey lib up
+on de hill in de quarters. My Missus, she see to it she self dat dey hab
+good bed wha' to sleep on en plenty sumptin uh eat. She docker (doctor)
+em when dey ge' sick too en she be mighty anxious ef dey sick mucha. Us
+hab good clothes en shoes den too. Coase de peoples'ud wear more clothes
+den, en dey'ud put on more undey shirt in de winter den dey wear in de
+summer. My white folks'ud make de plantation clothes outer gingham en
+jeanes cloth mostly. Dat jeanes cloth be wha' dey make little coat en
+pant outer. Dat sumptin jes lak homespun."
+
+"No, child, dey ain' ne'er gi'e us no money den. Never need no money
+den. My Massa been provide eve't'ing us hab, honey, eve'yt'ing. We ain'
+lak fa nuthin den. We chillun ain' been big 'nough to do nuthin but
+scare de crow offen de corn en some uv de time my ole Missus'ud hab we
+chillun sweepin' outer in de yard when she be out dere wid us."
+
+"Yas'um, honey, my white folks al'ays'ud see dat dey colored peoples'ud
+go to chu'ch (church) eve'y Sunday. We hadder walk dere to de white big
+Methodist Chu'ch up de road en sot en de gallery. Yas'um de white folks
+is stay down en we is go up. Ef we chillun never go, my ole Missus'ud
+teach us de catechism right dere in de back yard. Hadder wash us face en
+hand en come dere to she. Yas'um, I 'members dat aw right."
+
+"My white folks'ud ride to chu'ch in dey big ole carriage en dey
+driver'ud hab dey big black hosses bresh jes uz shiny. I forge' de
+driver name. Dey hab uh pair uv dem black hosses wha' been match hosses
+en dey is look jes lak. En den one day de ole Yankees is come t'rough
+dere en dey is carry one uv dem 'way. A'ter dat dey hadder use one uv de
+plantation hoss in de place uv dis carriage hoss. De Missus'ud al'ays
+take my mammy in de carriage wid she too. Never left her home, so she
+tell me. Jes stuff she down dere 'tween de seats somewhey."
+
+
+  _Source_: Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, colored, Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview, May 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project No. 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, September 7, 1937=
+
+=MOM JESSIE SPARROW=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 83 Years=
+
+=Marion, S.C.=
+
+
+"No, honey, dere ain' not a soul live here but me. Man stay in dat other
+room dere just to be a little bit of company for me when night come. He
+ain' not a speck of kin to me, not a speck. Oh, he pay me a little
+somethin, but it not much. Mostly, I does want him for protection like.
+Ain' got but just dis one room for myself cause dat part out dere does
+be just like out in de yard. Dis Miss Mary Watson house en she tell me
+stay on here dat de house ain' worth no fixin. Don' know how long I be
+here. No, honey, I ain' got no property only just myself. Ain' got not a
+bit. Ain' got nothin, child. I can' do no work dese days but dat little
+bit of washin dat Miss Betty have en dat ain' nothin to depend on. Just
+try to do a little somethin to help myself along. Nothin worth to speak
+bout though."
+
+"Miss Betty say we bout one age. My daddy belonged to Miss Betty father
+en dat how-come she know dere ain' much difference in us age. My mammy
+was de house 'oman on old man Sam Stevenson plantation en dat whe' I was
+born. When we was freed, I was a little small girl en my daddy moved us
+up here in town right over dere on de Gibson place. Fore den, when he
+have a mind to see us, he had to come cross de swamp dere to old man Sam
+Stevenson place en dat de reason he move us. He say it take too much
+pains to keep dat gwine back en forth. I remembers I finished growin
+right up here in dis town over dere on de Gibson place. My mammy have
+task to cook dere en my daddy been de butler man, but I was small den.
+Can' recollect much bout it. Reckon I wouldn' hardly know de place whe'
+I was born if I go back dere now. De old man Sam Stevenson had nice
+house, but it burn down long time back. Dey tell me dat de first court
+de peoples in Marion did ever know bout meet right dere on dat same
+spot. Coase I don' know nothin bout it, but dat what I hear dem say."
+
+"My Massa had a big plantation, honey, a big plantation wid heap of
+colored people house. I remember dey call up dat way from de house on de
+hill en all de servants house set up dere. So I hear my mammy say she
+know bout some white folks dat didn' half feed dey colored people en
+didn' half clothe dem in de winter neither, but our white folks always
+treat us mighty good. Put shoes on all us feet in de winter en give us
+abundance of ration all de time."
+
+"Honey, I hear dem talkin bout dat war, but I can' tell you nothin bout
+dat. I recollects I see dem Yankees when dey come through my Massa
+plantation en took his best carriage horse. Had two of dem big black
+carriage horses dat was match horses en dem Yankees carry one of dem
+away wid dem. I hear dem say de white folks would bury dey silver en
+money in pots en barrels to hide dem from de Yankees. Oh, dem fiddlin
+Yankees ax nobody nothin. Just go in de house en take dat what dey
+wanted. Go right in de house en plunder round en take de peoples best
+things. Wouldn' take no common things. Wasn' right, but dey done it. I
+hear talk dat a man plowed up a chest or somethin another de other day
+full of money, so dey tells me. I hear plenty peoples plow up all kind
+of things dese days in old fields dat ain' been broke up or throwed out
+for years. I hear so, but I know I ain' never found none though."
+
+"I sho been here when dat shake come here, child. I been married ever
+since I was a grown 'oman en I was stayin right over yonder in dat house
+dere. My son Henry was de baby on me lap den en he tell me de other day
+dat he was bout 50 now. It come like a wind right from dat way. Some
+people tell me de ground was just a shakin en a mixin up, but I don'
+know how de ground was doin cause I never go on it. I hear de
+lumberation comin or dat what I calls it en it come long en hit de side
+of de house so hard dat all de dishes was just a rattlin. Every time de
+earth commence shakin, dem dish start jinglin. It come bout de early
+part of de night. I didn' know what to think it was till somebody come
+dere en say it been a earthquake. Say de ground was just a workin up. I
+tell you I ain' know what it was to be scared of, but dere been de old
+Ark (boarding house) standin cross de street den en dem people was
+scared most to death. Dey thought it was de Jedgment comin on. Reckon I
+would been scared worser den I was, but I didn' get on de ground. No,
+honey, I reckon de house dat was standin up in dat day en time was
+substantial like en it didn' worry none of dem."
+
+"Is you seen Maggie Black any more? She been right sick, but she better
+now. Yes, she been right puny. Don' know what ail her."
+
+"Honey, what can you tell me bout dat white man dat been shoot up bout
+Mullins de other day. I hear people talk bout a man been shot by another
+man, but I ain' know nothin more den dat. Ain' hear none of de details
+only as dey tell me dey catch de man dat got away next Dillon tryin to
+get back home. I tell you it a bad place up dere in Mullins durin dis
+tobacco time. Dey tell me dere be such a stir up dat people be rob en
+shoot all bout dere. Dat de reason I stay back here whe' ain' nobody to
+worry me. Some of dem be seekin for you when you sleep en den another
+time dey get you when you gwine long de road. I don' like so much fuss
+en rousin en mix up round me. Dat de reason I does stay here by myself."
+
+"De people just livin too fast dis day en time, honey. You know some of
+dese people, I mean my race, dey got a little bit of education en ain'
+got no manners. I tell dem if dey ain' got no manners, dey ain' got
+nothin cause manners carries people whe' a dollar won' carry you. Dis
+education don' do everybody no good. It get some of dem standin on de
+top of dey heads. Dat what it done to dem. Coase dey say everybody
+chillun got to go to school dis year en dat a good thing cause dere be
+so many runnin round makin mischief when dey ain' in school. I used to
+tell my chillun I buy dey book en satchel en keep plenty meat en bread
+for dem to eat en dey portion been to go dere en get dey learnin. If dey
+get whippin at school, I tell dem go back en get more. Didn' never
+entice dem to stay home."
+
+"All I know bout Abraham Lincoln was dat he Abraham Lincoln en he de one
+cause freedom. I recollect dey used to sing song bout him, but I done
+forget it now. Say dey hung Abraham Lincoln on de sour apple tree or old
+Jeff Davis or somethin like dat. Honey, dat all I know. Can' recollect
+nothin more den dat bout it."
+
+"Child, dis a pretty bad time de people got dese days, I tell you. Coase
+I thankful don' nobody worry me. All treats me nice, both white en
+black, what knows me. I be gwine down de street en folks come out de
+courthouse en say, 'Ain dat Mom Jessie? Mom Jessie, don' you remember
+me?' I say, 'I know your favor, but I can' call your name.' Dey tell me
+en laugh en let me lone. It just like dis, child, I puts my trust in de
+Lord en I lives mighty peaceful like. I ain' got a enemy in de world
+cause everybody speaks appreciatively of me. Dere somebody bringin me
+somethin to eat all de time en I don' be studyin bout it neither. First
+one en den de other bring me a plate en somethin another. Don' want me
+to do no cookin. Say I might fall in de fire. Honey, de lady come by
+here de other day en tell me I gwine get de old 'oman money pretty soon
+now dat dere been so much talk bout. I be thankful when it get here too,
+child, cause I wants to get first one thing en de other to do some fixin
+up bout my house."
+
+"Well, honey, I tired now cause I ain' much today nohow. Can' recollect
+nothin else dis mornin. Don' know what you want to hear bout all dem
+things for nohow."
+
+
+  _Source_: Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, ex-slave, Bond Street,
+  Marion, S.C.--Third Report.
+
+  Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Sept., 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, December 7, 1937=
+
+=MOM JESSIE SPARROW=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 83 Years=
+
+
+"No, I ain' cold. I settin in de sun. Miss Ida, she went by here just
+now en call at me bout de door been open en lettin dat cold wind blow in
+on my back wid all de fire gone out. I tell her, it ain' botherin me
+none, I been settin out in de sun. Well, I don' feel much to speak bout,
+child, but I knockin round somehow. Miss Ida, she bring me dis paper to
+study on. She does always be bringin me de Star cause she know dat I
+love to see de news of Marion. It right sad bout de Presbyterian
+preacher, but everybody got to die, I say. Right sad though. We hear dat
+church bell here de other evenin en we never know what it been tollin
+for. I holler over dere to Maggie house en ax her how-come de church
+bell tollin, but she couldn' tell me nothin bout it. Reckon some chillun
+had get hold of it, she say. I tell her, dat bell never been pull by no
+chillun cause I been hear death note in it. Yes, honey, de people sho
+gwine horne (grieve) after Dr. Holladay."
+
+"I say, I doin very well myself en I thankful I ain' down in de bed.
+Mighty thankful I ain' down in de bed en can set up en talk wid de
+people when dey comes to see me. I ain' been up dere on your street in a
+long time. Can' do much walkin dese days cause I ain' got no strength to
+speak bout. Ain' been up town dere in bout two months. Mr. Jervey ax
+John Evans what de matter dat I ain' been comin to de store to get my
+rations en John Evans tell him I been under de weather. Somehow another,
+dey all likes me up dere en when dey don' see me up town on Saturday,
+dey be axin bout me. Mr. Jervey, he come here de other day en bring me
+some tobacco en syrup en cheese en some of dem other things what he know
+dat I used to buy dere. He tell me dey all was wantin to see me back up
+dere again. I say, I can' go up dere cause I give way in my limbs en
+just comes right down whe' I don' have nothin to catch to. Got dis old
+stick here dat I balances myself on when I goes out round bout de house
+here. Cose I don' venture to steady myself no far ways on it."
+
+"No, child, I ain' been up your way in a long time. I wash for Miss
+Betty all my best days, but I ain' been up to de house in many a mornin.
+Miss Betty like myself now, she old. I tell dem up dere to de house, de
+last time I talk wid dem, don' mind Miss Betty cause her mind ain' no
+good. I say, just gwine on en do what you got to do en let Miss Betty
+rest. You see, Miss Betty always would have her way en dis ain' no time
+to think bout breakin her neither. Cose I don' know nothin bout it, but
+Miss Betty say we bout one age."
+
+"I reckon Miss Betty got plenty pecans dis year cause she does rake dem
+up by de tubfuls bout dis time of de year. I got my share of dem last
+year, but I ain' got no mind dat I gwine get any dis year less I go up
+dere. Yes, mam, I got my share last year cause when I went to carry
+Miss Betty washin home, I could pick up all I wanted while I come
+through under de trees. My Lord, Miss Betty, she had a quantity of dem
+last year, but I ain' hear what de crop doin dis year. I don' care
+though cause I wouldn' eat dem nohow widout I beat dem up en I ain' in
+no shape to go to all dat trouble. I loves peanuts good as anybody, but
+I couldn' never chew dem widout dey was beat up."
+
+"Honey, my child en her daughter comin from de northern states dis
+Christmas to see me. Her name Evelyn, but dey call her Missie. She write
+here dat she want to come en I tell my Sammie to send word dey is
+welcome. Cose dey gwine stay wid my son, Sammie, cause dey got more room
+den I is en dey got a cookin stove, too, but she gwine be in en out here
+wid her old mammy off en on. Yes'um, I wants to see her mighty bad since
+it be dat she been gone from here so long. When she first went up dere,
+she worked for a white family dere to Hartford, Connecticut, but it won'
+long fore she got in a fidget to marry en she moved dere to
+Philadelphia. Dat whe' she livin now, so my Sammie tell me."
+
+"Den dere another one of my chillun dat I say, I don' never 'spect to
+see no more on dis side of de world. Evelina, she get married en go way
+out west to live. She de one what used to nurse Lala up dere to Miss
+Owens' house. My God, honey, she been crazy bout Lala. Don' care what
+she been buy on a Saturday evenin, she would save some of it till
+Monday to carry to dat child. My Evelina, she always would eat en she
+used to bring Lala here wid her a heap of times to get somethin to eat.
+She would come in en fetch her dat tin plate up dere full of corn bread
+en molasses en den she would go to puttin dem ration way. Would put her
+own mouth full en den she would cram some of it down Lala's mouth in de
+child's belly. You see, I always would keep a nice kind of syrup in de
+safe cause I don' like none dese kind of syrup much, but dis here ribbon
+cane syrup. My Lord, dat child would stand up dere en eat just as long
+as Evelina poke it down her. Oh, Lala been just a little thing plunderin
+bout en I tell Evelina dat she ought not to feed dat child dem coarse
+ration, but she say, 'Lala want some en I gwine give it to her cause I
+loves her.' No, child, Miss Owens never didn' worry her mind bout whe'
+Evelina been carry dat child. You see, she been put trust in Evelina."
+
+"I don' know what to tell you, honey. I bout like Miss Betty now. My
+'membrance short dese days. Oh, I hear talk bout all kind of signs de
+people used to worry over en some of dem still frets bout dem, too. Hear
+talk dat you mustn't wash none on de New Years' Day. It bad luck, so a
+heap of dem say. Den some folks say it a sign of death to hear a owl
+holler at night. Some people can' bear to hear dem, but don' no owls
+worry me, I say. Lord, Maggie, dis child ax me how a owl holler when it
+a sign of death. Well, dey does holler a right good space apart. Don'
+holler right regular. I ain' hear one holler now in a long time, but I
+used to hear dem be hollerin plenty times out dere somewhe' another in
+dem trees. Say, when some people been hear dem holler on a night, dey
+would stick a fire iron in de fire en dat would make de owl quit off. I
+hear talk bout a lot of people would do dat. Den dere another sign de
+people does have bout de New Years' Day. Reckon dat what dey call it, I
+don' know. No, mam, I don' understand nothin bout it, but I does hear
+people speak bout dey craves to get a cup of peas en a hunk of hog jowl
+on de first day of de year. Say, dem what put faith in dem kind of
+victuals on de New Years' Day, dey won' suffer for nothin no time all de
+next year. Cose I don' know, but I say dat I eats it cause I loves it."
+
+"Well, child, dat bout all I know to speak bout dis evenin. It gettin so
+cold, I don' know whe' I can manage here much longer or no. Cose my
+Sammie, he want me to go stay dere wid him, but I can' stand no chillun
+fuss round me no more. I tell him dese people bout here be in en out to
+ax bout me right smart en I think bout I better stay here whe' dere ain'
+nobody to mind what I do. You see, honey, old people is troublesome en I
+don' want to be noways burdensome to nobody. Yes, mam, I gwine be right
+here waitin, if de Lord say so, de next time I see you makin up dat
+path."
+
+
+  _Source_: Mom Jessie Sparrow, age 83, colored, Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview by Annie R. Davis, Dec., 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, October 11, 1937=
+
+=MOM JESSIE SPARROW=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 83 Years=
+
+
+"Good morning, honey, I ain' much today. How you is? No, I can' talk
+nothin bout dem times today. Ain' know no more den I done tell you. I
+doin very well considerin I can' get bout like I wants to. Doin very
+well, honey. Peoples mighty nice to me, white en black. Cose I don'
+venture to get far off de lot, I be so poorly dese days. Ain' been bout
+up town dere in a month since Saturday."
+
+"Well, my chillun say for me to go live wid dem, but I don' want to go
+down to dat other far end of de town. I tell dem dey worry me so dat I
+think I rather be here in dis piece of house. See, I has such good
+neighbors bout me here en dere be so much a fightin en gwine on in dat
+other end of town. All de peoples speaks well of me, both white en
+black, of dem dat knows me. Yes, mam, Miss Ellen tell me fore she die
+for me to stay right here in dis house long as I live en ain' nobody is
+gwine worry me neither. No, child, Miss Mary Watson don' worry me, not
+one speck bout dis house. Miss Mary de only child dat Miss Ellen got
+left here. No, honey, I ain' studyin bout gwine nowhe' yet. Cose de
+house may fall down on me cause dat dere old kitchen over dere was good
+when I come here, but it rot down. Dat how-come I ain' got no stove. De
+kitchen rot down en de rain come in on de stove en rust it out. No, dey
+don' worry me none. I tell dem I ain' got nothin, but I settin here just
+as satisfied like. Cose I may get a little pension soon, but don' know
+when it gwine get here. I ain' hear tell of nobody gettin it yet. I
+tell lady dat come here if I get it, it be all right en if I don' get
+it, dat be all right too."
+
+"Big sale on today, ain' dere, child? I hear talk bout dey gwine sell
+all de Witcover property en all dat, but I don' know. Dey sho got a
+pretty day for it. I had on my old thick sweater, but it too hot. I had
+to pull it off en put on dis here thin jacket. Can' go bout too naked,
+honey."
+
+"Yes'um, I know it was you come here de other night. Cose I can' see so
+good, but I can hear de people voice en tell who dere time I hear dem
+comin up dat path. You see, I don' light my lamp first night nohow, dere
+be so much grass round here de mosquitoes comes in en worries me right
+smart."
+
+"Miss Foxworth en dem fixin to plant dey turnips over dere. Miss
+Foxworth, I likes her very well to speak. She good-hearted, kind en
+clever. She comes over en talks wid me often cause us been friends ever
+since fore de old man been gone. Dey ain' got no kind of garden yet, but
+dey fixin to plant a fall garden out dere."
+
+"No, child, I done put Miss Betty clothes down. Tell her I ain' able to
+wash no more en my Lord, Miss Betty sho hate to hear me say dat. Won'
+dat Miss Betty clothes was so hard, but it was de totin dem back en
+forth en den dere be so little bit of money in dem, didn' pay to hire
+nobody to carry dem. Cose she didn' pay me nothin worth much cause she
+didn' never have nothin much, but a little changin of underclothes en
+bout one dress. Just had to starch bout one petticoat en one dress, but
+I can' hardly wash for myself dese days en I wouldn' never venture to do
+hers no more. No, honey, my conscience wouldn' allow me to overpower
+Miss Betty for dem little bit of somethin en dey ain' dirty neither. You
+see, since Miss Emma been stayin dere, she in charge de house en uses
+all her tablecloths en such as dat. Miss Emma, she mighty nice to me.
+Every time I go up dere en I ain' been doin nothin for her neither, she
+see can she find a cup of fresh milk or somethin another to hand me."
+
+"Reckon I gwine be lonesome right bout dis side next week cause all de
+colored schools gwine be open up Monday. You see, dere be so many school
+chillun en teacher livin on dis here street. Dat child over dere say she
+gwine be home right sharp after she be finish pickin cotton next week. I
+say I ain' be obliged to leave dis country cause my white folks wouldn'
+never venture to come dere to dat other end of town to see me. All dese
+chillun bout here mighty good to me. Don' never let me suffer for
+nothin. Dey caution me not to risk to cook nothin over dat fireplace
+cause dey say I might tumble over en can' catch myself. No, dey tell me
+don' do no cookin, I might fall in en burn up. No, child, I ain' chance
+to cook none on dat fireplace since I been sick. Different ones brings
+me somethin dis day en dat day. Don' suspicion nothin bout it till I see
+dem comin. Celeste over dere brings me breakfast en dinner every day en
+I don' never bother wid no supper cause I lays down too early. Den dey
+keeps me in plenty bread en rolls en I keeps a little syrup on hand en
+eats dat if I gets hungry. Dere Marguerite all de time bringin me
+somethin, if it ain' nothin but a pitcher of ice. You see, dey makes dey
+ice en it ain' costin her nothin. When I see her turn out dat piazza, I
+know she comin here. I ain' see her today, but I lookin for her. Used to
+wash for dem too. Honey, I done a lot of work bout dis town en I don'
+suffer for nothin. All de people bout here be good to me."
+
+"No, mam, I ain' gwine let you take no more pictures. Ain' gwine take no
+more. If Miss Montgomery say she comin here to take more pictures, tell
+her I ain' gwine take no more. No, child, I ain' studyin bout no
+pictures. I don' want no more. I got one big one up dere on de wall dat
+show me en my mammy en my son, Sammie, settin in a automobile. Dat my
+picture settin up dere wid de white blouse on. I tell dem I look like
+somethin den, but I too old en broke up now. My daughter, she want a
+picture en she kept on after us till we went up dere to whe' de carnival
+was. Carnival man had a automobile dat he take your picture in en we get
+in en set down en he snap de picture. I tell dem dey got one now en dat
+ought to be sufficient. Dat my mammy settin dere by me. She was sho a
+fine lookin woman. Lord, Lord, honey, dem chillun love dem pictures, but
+I ain' studyin bout wantin my picture scatter all bout de country."
+
+"Yes, child, I sleeps all right. Go to bed early too fore anybody else
+round here do. Yes, mam, I goes to bed early en don' never get up none
+till I see day shine in dem cracks. I was figurin somebody else ax me
+dat de other day. Believe it was Dr. Dibble. My Sammie, he a mammy
+child. He never stop till he send de doctor here to see could he find
+out de ailment dat seem like was eatin me way. Dr. Dibble come here en
+set down in dat chair en ax me a heap of questions. Den he test my blood
+en give me a tonic dat he say would hope me. Yes, mam, dat my Sammie
+doctor en he goes to see him often, he does have such a misery in his
+head. Dat de first time Dr. Dibble ever been here, but I likes he manner
+mighty well. Dr. Zack was a good doctor too. Cose dat what dey tell me,
+but I ain' know nothin bout it. No, child, I been healthy all my days en
+I ain' had to worry bout no doctor. I tells dem when I falls down, I
+won' last long cause I been hearty all my days."
+
+"Your sister still in Dr. Dibble store (office), ain' she? Is she got a
+cook yet? Dat it, I glad she got somebody to depend on cause dese young
+people, can' tell bout dem. Dey be one place today en den dey apt to be
+another place de next day. I used to cook dere to lady house cross de
+street, but I never didn' cook no Sunday dinner dere. Dat lady been take
+in sewin en she would sew en press right on de big Sunday. I tell her
+dat a sin en she say she had to get finish somehow dat de folks was
+pushin her for dey clothes. I say, 'Well, dat you, ain' me.' I go dere
+on Sunday mornin en cook breakfast en clean up en put wood in de
+kitchen. Den I would go to church en left dem to cook what dinner dey
+get. Dat de reason I won' cook for none dese white folks dis day en time
+cause when dey pays you dat little bit of money, dey wants every bit
+your time. I been proud when dat lady move from here cause I was tired
+walkin de road back en forth. People come here en beg me to cook for
+dem, but I tell dem I gwine stay right here en do my bit of washin.
+Gwine get along somehow wid it."
+
+"Bethel, down dere on de other side de jail, de only church I ever been
+a member of. We got to fix us church twixt now en next year. It need
+fixin bad. You see, it right on de Main street gwine down en does be
+right public out to de people. I was fixin to go to church Sunday gone,
+but my child never come after me. My son, Sammie, never show up, but he
+come Sunday evenin laughin. Say, 'Ma, I know if I come by your house,
+you would want to go wid me.' No, I ain' been so I able to go in four
+Sundays."
+
+"Child, you ought to had brought your parasol wid you cause you been
+settin here so long, you gwine be late gettin whe' you started. Dis here
+another hot day we got come here."
+
+"Well, good-day, child. Speak bout how you is find Maggie Black to me
+when you pass back long dat street dere."
+
+
+  _Source_: Mom Jessie Sparrow, ex-slave, 83 years, Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, October, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+=Project #1655=
+=W.W. Dixon=
+=Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=ROSA STARKE=
+=_EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Rosa's grandfather was a slave of Solicitor Starke. Although she has had
+two husbands since slavery, she has thrown their names into the discard
+and goes by the name of Rosa Starke. She lives in a three-room frame
+house with her son, John Harrison, two miles south of Winnsboro, S.C.,
+on the plantation of Mrs. Rebecca V. Woodward. She still does farm work,
+hoeing and picking cotton.
+
+"They say I was six years old when de war commence poppin' in
+Charleston. Mammy and pappy say dat I was born on de Graham place, one
+of de nineteen plantations of my old marster, Nick Peay, in 1854. My
+pappy was name Bob and my mammy name Salina. They had b'longed to old
+Marse Tom Starke befo' old Marse Nick bought them. My brudders was name
+Bob and John. I had a sister name Carrie. They was all older than me.
+
+"My marster, Nick Peay, had nineteen places, wid a overseer and slave
+quarters on every place. Folks dat knows will tell you, dis day, dat
+them nineteen plantations, in all, was twenty-seven thousand acres. He
+had a thousand slaves, more or less, too many to take a census of. Befo'
+de numerator git 'round, some more would be born or bought, and de
+nominator had to be sent 'round by Marse Nick, so old Miss Martha, our
+mistress, say. Her never could know just how many 'twas. Folks used to
+come to see her and ask how many they had and her say it was one of them
+sums in de 'rithmetic dat a body never could take a slate and pencil and
+find out de correct answer to.
+
+"Her was a Adamson befo' her marry old marster, a grand big buckra. Had
+a grand manner; no patience wid poor white folks. They couldn't come in
+de front yard; they knowed to pass on by to de lot, hitch up deir hoss,
+and come knock on de kitchen door and make deir wants and wishes knowed
+to de butler.
+
+"You wants me to tell 'bout what kind of house us niggers live in then?
+Well, it 'pend on de nigger and what him was doin'. Dere was just two
+classes to de white folks, buckra slave owners and poor white folks dat
+didn't own no slaves. Dere was more classes 'mongst de slaves. De fust
+class was de house servants. Dese was de butler, de maids, de nurses,
+chambermaids, and de cooks. De nex' class was de carriage drivers and de
+gardeners, de carpenters, de barber, and de stable men. Then come de
+nex' class de wheelwright, wagoners, blacksmiths and slave foremen. De
+nex' class I 'members was de cow men and de niggers dat have care of de
+dogs. All dese have good houses and never have to work hard or git a
+beatin'. Then come de cradlers of de wheat, de threshers, and de millers
+of de corn and de wheat, and de feeders of de cotton gin. De lowest
+class was de common field niggers. A house nigger man might swoop down
+and mate wid a field hand's good lookin' daughter, now and then, for
+pure love of her, but you never see a house gal lower herself by
+marryin' and matin' wid a common field-hand nigger. Dat offend de white
+folks, 'specially de young misses, who liked de business of match makin'
+and matin' of de young slaves.
+
+"My young marsters was Marse Tom, Marse Nick, and Marse Austin. My young
+misses was Miss Martha, Miss Mary, and Miss Anne Eliza. I knows Marse
+Nick, Jr. marry a Cunningham of Liberty Hill. Marse Tom marry a Lyles
+and Marse Austin marry and move to Abbeville, after de war. Old marster
+die de year befo' de war, I think, 'cause my mammy and pappy fell in de
+division to Marse Nick and us leave de Graham place to go to de home
+place. It was called de Melrose place. And what a place dat was! 'Twas
+on a hill, overlookin' de place where de Longtown Presbyterian Church
+and cemetery is today. Dere was thirty rooms in it and a fish pond on
+top of it. A flower yard stretchin' clean down de hill to de big road,
+where de big gate, hangin' on big granite pillars, swung open to let de
+carriages, buggies, and wagons in and up to de house.
+
+"Can I tell you some of de things dat was in dat house when de Yankees
+come? Golly no! Dat I can't, but I 'members some things dat would
+'stonish you as it 'stonished them. They had Marseille carpets, linen
+table cloths, two silver candlesticks in every room, four wine
+decanters, four nut crackers, and two coffee pots, all of them silver.
+Silver castors for pepper, salt, and vinegar bottles. All de plates was
+china. Ninety-eight silver forks, knives, teaspoons and table-spoons.
+Four silver ladles, six silver sugar tongs, silver goblets, a silver
+mustard pot and two silver fruit stands. All de fireplaces had brass
+firedogs and marble mantelpieces. Dere was four oil paintin's in de
+hall; each cost, so Marse Nick say, one hundred dollars. One was his ma,
+one was his pa, one was his Uncle Austin and de other was of Colonel
+Lamar.
+
+"De smoke-house had four rooms and a cellar. One room, every year, was
+filled wid brown sugar just shoveled in wid spades. In winter they would
+drive up a drove of hogs from each plantation, kill them, scald de hair
+off them, and pack de meat away in salt, and hang up de hams and
+shoulders 'round and 'bout de smokehouse. Most of de rum and wine was
+kep' in barrels, in de cellar, but dere was a closet in de house where
+whiskey and brandy was kep' for quick use. All back on de east side of
+de mansion was de garden and terraces, acres of sweet 'taters, water
+millions (watermelons) and strawberries and two long rows of beehives.
+
+"Old marster die. De 'praisers of de State come and figure dat his
+mules, niggers, cows, hogs, and things was worth $200,000.00. Land and
+houses I disremember 'bout. They, anyhow, say de property was over a
+million dollars. They put a price of $1,600.00 on mammy and $1,800.00 on
+pappy. I 'member they say I was worth $400.00. Young Marse Nick tell us
+dat the personal property of de estate was 'praised at $288,168.78.[A]
+
+"De Yankees come set all de cotton and de gin-house afire. Load up all
+de meat; take some of de sugar and shovel some over de yard; take all de
+wine, rum, and liquor; gut de house of all de silver and valuables, set
+it afire, and leave one thousand niggers cold and hongry, and our white
+folks in a misery they never has got over to de third generation of
+them. Some of them is de poorest white folks in dis State today. I weeps
+when I sees them so poor, but they is 'spectable yet, thank God.
+
+"After de war I stuck to de Peay white folks, 'til I got married to Will
+Harrison. I can't say I love him, though he was de father of all my
+chillun. My pappy, you know, was a half white man. Maybe dat explain it.
+Anyhow, when he took de fever I sent for Dr. Gibson, 'tend him faithful
+but he die and I felt more like I was free, when I come back from de
+funeral, than I did when Marse Abe Lincoln set us free. My brudder, Bob,
+had done gone to Florida.
+
+"I nex' marry, in a half-hearted way, John Pearson, to help take care of
+me and my three chillun, John, Bob, and Carrie. Him take pneumonia and
+die, and I never have a speck of heart to marry a colored man since. I
+just have a mind to wait for de proper sort, till I git to heaven, but
+dese adult teachers 'stroy dat hope. They read me dat dere is no
+marryin' in heaven. Well, well, dat'll be a great disappointment to some
+I knows, both white and black, and de ginger-cake women lak me.
+
+"Is I got any more to tell you? Just dis: Dere was 365 windows and doors
+to Marse Nick Peay's house at Melrose, one for every day in de year, my
+mistress 'low. And dere was a peach tree in de orchard so grafted dat
+dat peach tree have ripe peaches on it in May, June, July, August,
+September, and October."
+
+
+[A] Probate records of Fairfield County. See Roll 110 of the Judge of
+Probate for Fairfield County.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=JOSEPHINE STEWART=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 85 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Phinie Stewart, as she is known in the community where she lives, is a
+small, black negress, who shows her age in appearance and movements. She
+lives with Robert Wood, a hundred yards back of the Presbyterian Church
+manse at Blackstock, S.C. Robert Wood married Phinie's niece, who is now
+deceased. Phinie has no property, and depends entirely on the charity of
+Robert Wood for her support.
+
+"Does you know where de old Bell House is, about a mile de other side of
+Blackstock, on de Chester road? Yes? Well, dere is where I was borned,
+in May, 1853.
+
+"I doesn't know who my pappy was. You know in them times folks wasn't
+particular 'bout marriage licenses and de preacher tying de knot and all
+dat kind of thing. But I does know mammy's name. Her name was Celie.
+Dese eyes of mine is dim but I can see her now, stooping over de wash
+tub and washing de white folks' clothes every Monday and Tuesday.
+
+"Us belonged to Marster Charlie Bell and his lady, Miss Maggie Bell, our
+mistress in them slavery days. Does I 'member who Miss Maggie was befo'
+her married Marster Charlie? Sure I does. Mistress was a daughter of
+Miss Anne Jane Neil, who lived to be a hundred and five years old, and
+its writ on her tombstone in Concord Cemetery. I 'spect you has seen it,
+ain't you? Old Miss Anne Neil was a Irish lady, born in Ireland across
+de ocean. She had a silver snuff box; I seen it. She'd take snuff out
+dat box, rub it up her nose and say: 'De Prince of Whales (Wales) give
+me dis box befo' I come to dis country, and I was presented to his ma,
+Queen Victoria, by de Duke of Wellington on my sixteenth birthday.' Old
+Miss Anne Neil claims she was born over dere de very night of de battle
+of Waterloo. And she would go on and 'low dat when de duke took her by
+de hand and led her up to de queen, him say: 'Your Majesty, dis young
+lady was born on de night of our great victory at Waterloo.'
+
+"My young mistress was named Miss Margaret. She married Marse Wade
+Brice. I was give to them when I was 'bout five years old and I went
+along with them to Woodward, S.C. My mammy was give to them, too, at de
+same time. Us lived in Marse Wade's quarter, to de east of de white
+folks' house. Dere was a row of log houses, 'bout ten I think. Mammy and
+me lived in one dat had two rooms. De chimney was made of sticks and
+mud, but de floor was a good plank floor. De bed was a wood bedstead wid
+a wheat straw tick. Dere was no windows to de house, so it was warm in
+de winter time and blue blazing hot in de summer time.
+
+"My white folks was mighty good to us; they fed us well. Us had wooden
+shoes and no clothes a-tall in de summer, 'cept a one-piece slip on. My
+mistress die 'bout a year after her marry, and then Marster Wade marry
+Miss Tilda Watson, a perfect angel, if dere ever was one on dis red
+earth. She take a liking to me right at de jump, on first sight. I
+nussed all her chillun. They was Walter, Ida, Dickey, Lunsford, Wade,
+Mike, and Wilson. Then I nussed some of her grandchillun. Mr. Brice
+Waters in Columbia is one of them grandchillun.
+
+"Marse Wade went off to de war and got shot in de hip, but he jined de
+calvary (cavalry) soon after and was away when de Yankees come through.
+De Yankees burned and stole everything on de place. They took off all de
+sheep, mules, and cows; killed all de hogs; cotch all de chickens, ducks
+and geese; and shot de turkeys and tied them to deir saddles as they
+left. De gin-house made de biggest blaze I ever has seen. Dere was short
+rations for all de white folks and niggers after dat day.
+
+"In 1870 I was still dere wid Marse Wade and Miss Tilda, when de devil
+come along in de shape, form, and fashion of a man. He was name Simon
+Halleg. I was young then, and a fool, when I married dat no 'count
+nigger. Us had two chillun, a boy, Allen, and a girl, Louise. Louise
+sickened and died befo' she was grown. Allen married and had one child,
+but him and de child are dead. My husband run away and left us.
+
+"About de time of de great cyclone, Miss Tatt Nicholson, a cousin of
+Miss Tilda, come down and took me to Chester, to be a maid at de
+Nicholson Hotel. I liked de work, but I got many a scare while I was
+dere. In them days every hotel had a bar where they would mix whiskey
+and lemons. Men could just walk up, put deir foots on de brass rail of
+de bar counter and order what they want, and pay fifteen cents a drink.
+Sometimes they would play cards all night in de bar. One night an old
+gent stopped his wagon, dat had four bales of cotton on it, befo' de
+hotel. He come in to get a drink, saw a game going on and took a hand.
+Befo' bed time he had lost all his money and de four bales of cotton
+outside.
+
+"No, I didn't work in slavery times. Chillun didn't have to work. De
+only thing I 'members doing was minding de flies off de table wid a
+brush made out of peacock tail-feathers.
+
+"All de slaves had to go to church at Concord twice every month and
+learn de Shorter Catechism. I has one of them books now, dat I used
+seventy-five years ago. Want to see it? (She exhibits catechism printed
+in 1840 for slaves.)
+
+"I left de hotel and come back to Miss Tilda Brice. I married Jacob
+Stewart then, and he was a good man. Us had no chillun. He been gone to
+glory eight years, bless God.
+
+"Yes, sir, I 'members de earthquake. It set a heap of people to praying
+dat night. Even de cows and chickens got excited. I thought de end of de
+world had come. I jined de Red Hill Baptist Church then, but my
+membership is now at de Cross Roads Baptist Church. Brother Wright, de
+pastor, comes to see me, as I'm too feeble to gallivant so far to
+church.
+
+"Dis house b'longs to Joe Rice. My nephew rents from him and is good
+enough, though a poor man, to take care of me.
+
+"Please do all you can to get de good President, de Governor, or
+somebody to hasten up my old age pension dat I'm praying for."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 24, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born near old Bush River Baptist Church in Newberry County, S.C.
+This was the white folks' church, but the colored folks have a Bush
+River church in that section now. I was grown when the war started. I
+was a slave of Bonny Floyd. He was a good man who owned several slaves
+and a big farm. I was the house-girl then, and waited on the table and
+helped around the house. I was always told to go to the white folks'
+church and sit in the gallery.
+
+"When the Patrollers was started there, they never did bother Mr.
+Bonny's slaves. He never had any trouble with them, for his slaves never
+run away from him.
+
+"The Ku Klux never come to our place, and I don't remember seeing them
+in that section.
+
+"We took our wheat to Singley's Mill on Bush River to be ground. We made
+all our flour and grain. We plowed with horses and mules.
+
+"I am an old woman, sick in bed and can't talk good; but glad to tell
+you anything I can."
+
+
+ Source: Bettie Suber (96), Newberry, S.C.
+ Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (5/18/37).
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =May 25, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born on the Enoree River in Newberry County. Tom Price was my
+master. I married Nathan Swindler when I was about grown. My father and
+mother was Dave and Lucy Coleman. I had a brother and several sisters.
+We children had to work around the home of our master 'till we was old
+enough to work in de fields, den we would hoe and pick cotton, and do
+any kinds of field work. We didn't have much clothes, just one dress and
+a pair of shoes at a time, and maybe one change. I married in a ole silk
+striped dress dat I got from my mistress, Miss Sligh. We had no
+'big-to-do' at our wedding, just married at home. In cold weather, I had
+sometimes, heavy homespun or outing dress. When Saturday afternoons
+come, we got off from work and do what we want. Some of us washed for de
+week. We had no schools and couldn't read and write. Sometimes we could
+play in our yards after work was over or on Saturday afternoons. On
+Christmas the master give us something good to eat. We didn't have
+doctors much, but de ole folks had cures for sickness. Dey made
+cherry-bark tea for chills and fever, and root-herb teas for fevers.
+Lots of chills and fevers then. To cure a boil or wart, we would take a
+hair from the tail of a horse and tie it tight around both sides of the
+sore place. I think Abe Lincoln was a great man, and Jeff Davis was a
+good man too. I think Booker Washington was a great man for de colored
+race. I like it better now than de way it was in slavery time."
+
+
+  Source: Ellen Swindler (78), Newberry. S.C. Interviewed by:
+  G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C., May 20, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon,=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=MACK TAYLOR=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 97 YEARS._=
+
+
+Mack Taylor lives six miles southeast of Ridgeway, S.C., on his farm of
+ninety-seven acres. The house, in which he resides, is a frame house
+containing six rooms, all on one floor. His son, Charley, lives with
+him. Charley is married and has a small family.
+
+"Howdy do sir! I sees you a good deal goin' backwards and forwards to
+Columbia. I has to set way back in de bus and you sets up to de front. I
+can't ketch you to speak to you, as you is out and gone befo' I can lay
+hold of you. But, as Brer Fox 'lowed to Brer Rabbit, when he ketched him
+wid a tar baby at a spring, 'I is got you now.'
+
+"I's been wantin' to ask you 'bout dis old age pension. I's been to
+Winnsboro to see 'bout it. Some nice white ladies took my name and ask
+me some questions, but dat seem to be de last of it. Reckon I gwine to
+get anything?
+
+"Well, I's been here mighty nigh a hundred years, and just 'cause I
+pinched and saved and didn't throw my money away on liquor, or put it
+into de palms of every Jezabel hussy dat slant her eye at me, ain't no
+valuable reason why them dat did dat way and 'joyed deirselves can get
+de pension and me can't get de pension. 'Tain't fair! No, sir. If I had
+a knowed way back yonder, fifty years ago, what I knows now, I might of
+gallavanted 'round a little more wid de shemales than I did. What you
+think 'bout it?
+
+"You say I's forgittin' dat religion must be thought about? Well, I can
+read de Bible a little bit. Don't it say: 'What you sow you sure to
+reap?' Yes, sir. Us niggers was fetched here 'ginst our taste. Us fell
+de forests for corn, wheat, oats, and cotton; drained de swamps for
+rice; built de dirt roads and de railroads; and us old ones is got a
+fair right to our part of de pension.
+
+"My marster, in slavery times, lived on de Wateree River. He had a large
+plantation and, I heard them say, four hundred slaves. He was a hard
+marster and had me whipped as many times as I got fingers and toes. I
+started workin' in de field when I was a boy fifteen years old. De work
+I done was choppin' de grass out of de cotton and pickin' de cotton.
+What's become of them old army worms dat had horns, dat us chillun was
+so scared of while pickin' cotton? I never see them dese days but I'd
+rather have them than dis boll weevil I's pestered wid.
+
+"My marster's name was Tom Clark. My mistress was a gentle lady, but
+field niggers never got to speak to her. All I can say is dat de house
+slaves say she was mighty good to them. I saw de chillun of de white
+folks often and was glad they would play wid us colored chillun. What
+deir names? Dere was Marse Alley, Marse Ovid, Marse Hilliard, and Miss
+Lucy.
+
+"Old marster got kilt in de last year of de war, and Miss Margaret, dat
+was our Mistress, run de place wid overseers dat would thrash you for
+all sorts of things. If they ketch you leanin' on your hoe handle,
+they'd beat you; step out of your task a minute or speak to a girl,
+they'd beat you. Oh, it was hell when de overseers was around and de
+mistress nor none of de young marsters was dere to protect you. Us was
+fed good, but not clothed so good in de winter time.
+
+"My pappy didn't b'long to de Clarks at de commencement of de war. Old
+marster done sold him, 'way from us, to Col. Tom Taylor in Columbia.
+After de war, he run a shoe repair shop in Columbia many years befo' he
+died. His name was Douglas Taylor and dat is de reason I took de name,
+Mack Taylor, when I give in my name to de Freedman's Bureau, and I's
+stuck to it ever since.
+
+"I members de Yankees. Not many of them come to Miss Margaret's place.
+Them dat did, took pity on her and did nothing but eat, feed deir
+horses, and gallop away.
+
+"Us was never pestered by de Ku Klux, but I was given a warnin' once, to
+watch my step and vote right. I watched my step and didn't vote a-tall,
+dat year.
+
+"Mr. Franklin J. Moses was runnin' for governor. Colored preachers was
+preachin' dat he was de Moses to lead de Negroes out of de wilderness of
+corn bread and fat grease into de land of white bread and New Orleans
+molasses. De preachers sure got up de excitement 'mongst de colored
+women folks. They 'vised them to have nothin' to do wid deir husbands if
+they didn't go to de 'lection box and vote for Moses. I didn't go, and
+my wife wouldn't sleep wid me for six months. I had no chillun by her.
+She died in 1874. After Nancy die, I marry Belle Dawkins. De chillun us
+had was George, Charley, Maggie and Tommy. Then Belle died, and I
+married Hannah Cunningham. Us had no chillun. After she died, I marry a
+widow, Fannie Goings, and us had no chillun.
+
+"My son, George, is in Washington. My daughter, Maggie, is dead. Tommy
+was in Ohio de last I heard from him. I is livin' wid my son, Charley,
+on my farm. My grandson, Mack, is a grown boy and de main staff I lean
+on as I climb up to de hundred mile post of age.
+
+"I b'longs to de Rehovah Baptist Church. I have laid away four wives in
+deir graves. I have no notion of marryin' any more. Goodness and mercy
+have followed me all de days of my life, and I will soon take up dis old
+body and dwell in de house of de Lord forevermore."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=DELIA THOMPSON=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+"I's heard tell of you, and sent for you to come to see me. Look lak I
+can no more git 'bout on dese under pins lak I use to. Dere's de swing
+you can set in or chair right by me, now which you rather? I's glad you
+takes de chair, 'cause I can keep steady gaze more better on dat face of
+your'n. Lord! I been here in dis world a long time, so I has. Was born
+on de Kilgo place near Liberty Hill, don't know what county 'tis, but
+heard it am over twenty-five miles from dis town.
+
+"My old marster name Jesse Kilgo, so he was, and Mistress Letha Kilgo,
+dats his wife, good to him, good to me, good to everybody. My young
+mistress name Catherine, when her marry Marster Watt Wardlaw, I was give
+to them for a housemaid, 'cause I was trim and light complected lak you
+see I is dis very day a setting right here, and talking wid you.
+'Members how 'twas young missie say: 'You come go in my room Delia, I
+wants to see if I can put up wid you'. I goes in dat room, winter time
+mind you, and Miss Charlotte set down befo' de fire, cook one of them
+pretty foots on de dog, don't you ketch dat wrong, dat it was a lap dog
+which 'twasn't but one of de fire-dogs. Some persons calls them andy
+irons (andiron) but I sticks to my raisin' and say fire-dogs. Well, she
+allowed to me, 'Delia, put kettle water on de fire'. So I does in a
+jiffy. Her next command was: 'Would you please be so kind as to sweep
+and tidy up de room'? All time turnin' dat lovely head of her'n lak a
+bird a buildin' her nest, so it was. I do all dat, then she say: 'You is
+goin' to make maid, a good one!' She give a silvery giggle and say: 'I
+just had you put on dat water for to see if you was goin' to make any
+slop. No, No! You didn't spill a drop, you ain't goin' to make no
+sloppy maid, you just fine.' Then her call her mother in. 'See how
+pretty Delia's made dis room, look at them curtains, draw back just
+right, observe de pitcher, and de towels on de rack of de washstand, my
+I'm proud of her!' She give old mistress a hug and a kiss, and thank her
+for de present, dat present was me. De happiness of dat minute is on me
+to dis day.
+
+"My pappy name Isom then, but when freedom come he adds on Hammond. His
+pappy was a white man, and no poor white trash neither. My mammy name
+Viny. Us live in a log house close up in de back yard, and most all time
+I was in de big house waiting on de white folks.
+
+"Did us git any 'ligion told us? Well, it was dis way, mistress talk
+heap to us 'bout de Lord, but marster talk a heap to us 'bout de devil.
+'Twist and 'tween them, 'spect us heard most everything 'bout heaven and
+all 'bout de devil.
+
+"Yankees dat come to our house was gentleman, they never took a thing,
+but left provisions for our women folks from their commissary.
+
+"My first husband was Cupid Benjamin. My white folks give me a white
+dress, and they got de white Baptist preacher, Mr. Collins to do de
+grand act for us. Cupid turned out to be a preacher. Us had three
+chillun and every night us had family worship at home. I's been no
+common nigger all my life; why, when a child I set up and rock my doll
+just lak white chillun, and course it was a rag doll, but what of dat.
+Couldn't I name her for de Virgin Mary, and wouldn't dat name cover and
+glorify de rags? Sure it would! Then I 'sociate wid white folks all
+slavery time, marry a man of God and when he die, I marry another, Tom
+Thompson, a colored Baptist preacher. You see dat house yonder? Dats
+where my daughter and grandchillun live. They is colored aristocracy of
+de town, but they has a mighty plain name, its just Smith. I grieve over
+it off and on, a kind of thorn in de flesh, my husband used to say. But
+both my husbands dead and I sets here twice a widow, and I wonders how
+'twill be when I go home up yonder 'bove them white thunder heads us can
+see right now. Which one them men you reckon I'll see first? Well, if it
+be dat way, 'spect I'll just want to see Cupid first, 'cause he was de
+only one I had chillun by, and them his grandchillun out yonder."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=ROBERT TOATLEY=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 82 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Robert Toatley lives with his daughter, his son, his son's wife, and
+their six children, near White Oak, seven miles north of Winnsboro, S.C.
+Robert owns the four-room frame house and farm containing 235 acres. He
+has been prosperous up from slavery, until the boll weevil made its
+appearance on his farm and the depression came on the country at large,
+in 1929. He has been compelled to mortgage his home but is now coming
+forward again, having reduced the mortgage to a negligible balance,
+which he expects to liquidate with the present 1937 crop of cotton.
+
+Robert is one of the full blooded Negroes of pure African descent. His
+face, in repose, possesses a kind of majesty that one would expect in
+beholding a chief of an African tribe.
+
+"I was born on de 'Lizabeth Mobley place. Us always called it 'Cedar
+Shades'. Dere was a half mile of cedars on both sides of de road leading
+to de fine house dat our white folks lived in. My birthday was May 15,
+1855. My mistress was a daughter of Dr. John Glover. My master married
+her when her was twelve years old. Her first child, Sam, got to be a
+doctor, and they sho' did look lak brother and sister. When her oldest
+child, Sam, come back from college, he fetched a classmate, Jim
+Carlisle, wid him. I played marbles wid them. Dat boy, Jim, made his
+mark, got 'ligion, and went to de top of a college in Spartanburg. Marse
+Sam study to be a doctor. He start to practice and then he marry Miss
+Lizzie Rice down in Barnwell. Mistress give me to them and I went wid
+them and stayed 'til freedom.
+
+"My childhood was a happy one, a playin' and a rompin' wid de white
+chillun. My master was rich. Slaves lived in quarters, 300 yards from de
+big house. A street run through the quarters, homes on each side. Beds
+was homemade. Mattresses made of wheat straw. Bed covers was quilts and
+counter-panes, all made by slave women.
+
+"My mammy's pappy was a slave brick-mason, b'longin' to a white family
+named Partillo, from Warrington, Virginia. He couldn't be bought 'less
+you bought his wife and three chillun wid him.
+
+"Never had any money; didn't know what it was. Mammy was a house woman,
+and I got just what de white chillun got to eat, only a little bit
+later, in de kitchen. Dere was fifty or sixty other little niggers on de
+place. Want to know how they was fed? Well, it was lak dis: You've seen
+pig troughs, side by side, in a big lot? After all de grown niggers eat
+and git out de way, scraps and everything eatable was put in them
+troughs; sometimes buttermilk poured on de mess and sometimes potlicker.
+Then de cook blowed a cow horn. Quick as lightnin' a passle of fifty or
+sixty little niggers run out de plum bushes, from under de sheds and
+houses, and from everywhere. Each one take his place, and souse his
+hands in de mixture and eat just lak you see pigs shovin' 'round slop
+troughs. I see dat sight many times in my dreams, old as I is,
+eighty-two years last Saturday.
+
+"'Twas not 'til de year of '66 dat we got 'liable info'mation and felt
+free to go where us pleased to go. Most of de niggers left but mammy
+stayed on and cooked for Dr. Sam and de white folks.
+
+"Bad white folks comed and got bad niggers started. Soon things got
+wrong and de devil took a hand in de mess. Out of it come to de top, de
+carpetbag, de scalawags and then de Ku Klux. Night rider come by and
+drap something at your door and say: 'I'll just leave you something for
+dinner'. Then ride off in a gallop. When you open de sack, what you
+reckon in dere? Liable to be one thing, liable to be another. One time
+it was six nigger heads dat was left at de door. Was it at my house
+door? Oh, no! It was at de door of a nigger too active in politics. Old
+Congressman Wallace sent Yankee troops, three miles long, down here. Lot
+of white folks was put in jail.
+
+"I married Emma Greer in 1879; she been dead two years. Us lived husband
+and wife 56 years, bless God. Us raised ten chillun; all is doin' well.
+One is in Winnsboro, one in Chester, one in Rock Hill, one in Charlotte,
+one in Chesterfield, one in New York and two wid me on de farm near
+White Oak, which I own. I has 28 grandchillun. All us Presbyterians. Can
+read but can't write. Our slaves was told if ever they learned to write
+they'd lose de hand or arm they wrote wid.
+
+"What 'bout whuppin's? Plenty of it. De biggest whuppin' I ever heard
+tell of was when they had a trial of several slave men for sellin'
+liquor at da spring, durin' preachin', on Sunday. De trial come off at
+de church 'bout a month later. They was convicted, and de order of de
+court was: Edmund to receive 100 lashes; Sam and Andy each 125 lashes
+and Frank and Abram 75 lashes. All to be given on deir bare backs and
+rumps, well laid on wid strap. If de courts would sentence like dat dese
+days dere'd be more 'tention to de law.
+
+"You ask me 'bout Mr. Lincoln. I knowed two men who split rails side by
+side wid him. They was Mr. McBride Smith and Mr. David Pink. Poor white
+people 'round in slavery time had a hard tine, and dese was two of them.
+
+"My white folks, de Mobleys, made us work on Sunday sometime, wid de
+fodder, and when de plowin' git behind. They mighty neighborly to rich
+neighbors but didn't have much time for poor buckra. I tell you poor
+white men have poor chance to rise, make sump'n and be sump'n, befo' de
+old war. Some of dese same poor buckra done had a chance since then and
+they way up in 'G' now. They mighty nigh run de county and town of
+Winnsboro, plum mighty nigh it, I tell you. It makes me sad, on de other
+side, to see quality folks befo' de war, a wanderin' 'round in rags and
+tatters and deir chillun beggin' bread.
+
+"Well, I mus' be goin', but befo' I goes I want to tell you I 'members
+your ma, Miss Sallie Woodward. Your grandpa was de closest neighbor and
+fust cousin to Dr. Sam. Deir chillun used to visit. Your ma come down
+and spen' de day one time. She was 'bout ten dat day and she and de
+chillun make me rig up some harness for de billy goat and hitch him to a
+toy wagon. I can just see dat goat runnin' away, them little chillun
+fallin' out backside de wagon and your ma laughin' and a cryin' 'bout de
+same time. I picks her up out de weeds and briars."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 25, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=SLAVERY REMINISCENCES=
+
+
+"I was born in the town of Newberry, S.C. I do not remember slavery
+time, but I have heard my father and mother talk about it. They were
+Washington and Polly Holloway, and belonged to Judge J.B. O'Neall. They
+lived about 3 miles west of town, near Bush River. An old colored man
+lived nearby. His name was Harry O'Neall, and everybody said he was a
+miser and saved up his money and buried it near the O'Neall spring.
+Somebody dug around there but never found any money. There were two
+springs, one was called 'horse spring', but the one where the money was
+supposed to be buried had a big tree by it.
+
+"I married Sam Veals, in 'gravel town' of Newberry. I had a brother,
+Riley, and some sisters.
+
+"We would eat fish, rabbits, 'possums and squirrels which folks caught
+or killed. We used to travel most by foot, going sometimes ten miles to
+any place. We walked to school, three or four miles, every day when I
+was teaching school after the war. I was taught mostly at home, by Miss
+Sallie O'Neall, a daughter of Judge J.B. O'Neall.
+
+"My father and mother used to go to the white folks' church, in slavery
+time. After the war colored churches started. The first one in our
+section was Brush Harbor. Simon Miller was a fine colored preacher who
+preached in Brush Harbor on Vandalusah Spring Hill. Isaac Cook was a
+good preacher. We used to sing, 'Gimme dat good ole-time religion'; 'I'm
+going to serve God until I die' and 'I am glad salvation is free'.
+
+"Saturday afternoons we had 'off' and could work for ourselves. At
+marriages, we had frolics and big dinners. Some of the games were: rope
+jumping; hide and seek, and, ring around the roses. Of course, there
+were more games.
+
+"Some of the old folks used to see ghosts, but I never did see any.
+
+"Cures were made with herbs such as, peach tree leaves, boiled as a tea
+and drunk for fevers. Rabbit tobacco (life everlasting) was used for
+colds. Small boys would chew and smoke it, as did some of the old folks.
+
+"I have seven children, all grown; fourteen grand-children, and several
+great-grand-children.
+
+"Judge O'Neall was one of the best men and best masters in the country
+that I knew of. I think Abraham Lincoln was a good man, according to
+what I have heard about him. Jeff Davis was the same. Booker Washington
+was a great man to his country and served the colored race.
+
+"I joined the church because I believe the bible is true, and according
+to what it says, the righteous are the only people God is pleased with.
+Without holiness no man shall see God."
+
+
+  Source: Mary Veals (72), Newberry, S.C. Interviewed by: G.L.
+  Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 20, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Oct. 21, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I don't own no house. I live in a rented house. Yes, I work fer my
+living. I don't 'member much 'bout slavery except what I heard my daddy
+and mammy say. My pa was Washing Holloway and my ma was Polly Holloway.
+Dey belonged to Judge O'Neall, and lived at his place 'bout three miles
+from town, near Bush River.
+
+"Judge O'Neall's house was real old, and dey had a store near it called
+Springfield, a kind of suburb at dat time.
+
+"After de war, we didn't have much clothes, 'cause everything was so
+high. Judge O'Neall died befo' de war was over, and his wife went to
+Mississippi to live wid her married daughter. After de war, Miss Sallie,
+who was Judge O'Neall's daughter, learn't me to read and write, and
+other things in books.
+
+"My father and mother went to de white folks' church in slavery time.
+After de war, de negroes built deir first church and called it a 'brush
+arbor'. A negro preacher named Simon Miller was a good man and done lots
+of good when he preached in de brush arbor. Dis was on de old Banduslian
+Springs hill, near de south fork of Scotts Creek."
+
+
+  Source: Mary Veals (73), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (9/30/37).
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=MANDA WALKER=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 80 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Manda Walker lives with her son-in-law, Albert Cooper, in a three-room
+frame cottage in Winnsboro, S.C. Albert's first wife was her daughter,
+Sallie. Five of their children and Albert's second wife, Sadie, occupy
+the house with Albert and Manda.
+
+"Does you know where Horse Crick (Creek) branch is, and where Wateree
+Crick is? Ever been 'long de public road 'tween them water courses?
+Well, on de sunrise side of dat road, up on a hill, was where my slavery
+time marster live.
+
+"I was born in de yard, back of de white folks' house, in a little log
+house wid a dirt floor and a stick and mud chimney to one end of de
+house. My marster was name Marse Tom Rowe and my mistress name Missy
+Jane Rowe. They de ones dat tell me, long time ago, dat I was born befo'
+de war, in 1857. Deir chillun was Miss Mary and Miss Miami.
+
+"I no work much 'til de end of de war. Then I pick cotton and peas and
+shell corn and peas. Most of de time I play and sometime be maid to my
+young misses. Both growed into pretty buxom ladies. Miss Miami was a
+handsome buxom woman; her marry Marse Tom Johnson and live, after de
+war, near Wateree Church.
+
+"My pappy name Jeff and b'long to Marse Joe Woodward. He live on a
+plantation 'cross de other side of Wateree Crick. My mammy name Phoebe.
+Pappy have to git a pass to come to see mammy, befo' de war. Sometime
+dat crick git up over de bank and I, to dis day, 'members one time pappy
+come in all wet and drenched wid water. Him had made de mule swim de
+crick. Him stayed over his leave dat was writ on de pass. Patarollers
+(patrollers) come ask for de pass. They say: 'De time done out,
+nigger.' Pappy try to explain but they pay no 'tention to him. Tied him
+up, pulled down his breeches, and whupped him right befo' mammy and us
+chillun. I shudder, to dis day, to think of it. Marse Tom and Miss Jane
+heard de hollerin' of us all and come to de place they was whuppin' him
+and beg them, in de name of God, to stop, dat de crick was still up and
+dangerous to cross, and dat they would make it all right wid pappy's
+marster. They say of pappy: 'Jeff swim 'cross, let him git de mule and
+swim back.' They make pappy git on de mule and follow him down to de
+crick and watch him swim dat swif' muddly crick to de other side. I
+often think dat de system of patarollers and bloodhounds did more to
+bring on de war and de wrath of de Lord than anything else. Why de good
+white folks put up wid them poor white trash patarollers I never can see
+or understand. You never see classy white buckra men a paterrollin'. It
+was always some low-down white men, dat never owned a nigger in deir
+life, doin' de patarollin' and a strippin' de clothes off men, lak
+pappy, right befo' de wives and chillun and beatin' de blood out of him.
+No, sir, good white men never dirty deir hands and souls in sich work of
+de devil as dat.
+
+"Mammy had nine chillun. All dead 'cept Oliver. Him still down dere wid
+de Duke Power Company people, I think. When I come sixteen years old,
+lak all gals dat age, I commence to think 'bout de boys, and de boys, I
+'spects, commence to take notice of me. You look lak you is surprised I
+say dat. You is just puttin' on. Old and solemn as you is, a settin'
+dere a writin', I bets a whole lot of de same foolishness have run
+through your head lak it run through Jerry's, when he took to goin' wid
+me, back in 1873. Now ain't it so?
+
+"Us chillun felt de pivations (privations) of de war. Us went in rags
+and was often hungry. Food got scarce wid de white folks, so much had to
+be given up for de army. De white folks have to give up coffee and tea.
+De slaves just eat corn-bread, mush, 'taters and buttermilk. Even de
+peas was commanded for de army. Us git meat just once a week, and then a
+mighty little of dat. I never got a whuppin' and mammy never did git a
+whuppin'.
+
+"Us all went to Wateree Presbyterian Church on Sunday to hear Mr.
+Douglas preach. Had two sermons and a picnic dinner on de ground 'tween
+de sermons. Dat was a great day for de slaves. What de white folks lef'
+on de ground de slaves had a right to, and us sure enjoy de remains and
+bless de Lord for it. Main things he preached and prayed for, was a
+success in de end of de war, so mammy would explain to us when us
+'semble 'round de fireside befo' us go to bed. Her sure was a Christian
+and make us all kneel down and say two prayers befo' us git in bed. De
+last one was:
+
+    'Now I lay me down to sleep,
+    I pray de Lord my soul to keep.
+    If I should die befo' I wake,
+    I pray de Lord my soul to take.
+    Bless pappy, bless mammy,
+    Bless marster, bless missie,
+    And bless me. Amen!'
+
+"Wheeler's men was just as hard and wolfish as de Yankees. They say de
+Yankees was close behind them and they just as well take things as to
+leave all for de Yankees. 'Spect dat was true, for de Yankees come nex'
+day and took de rest of de hog meat, flour, and cows. Had us to run down
+and ketch de chickens for them. They search de house for money, watches,
+rings, and silverware. Took everything they found, but they didn't set
+de house afire. Dere was just 'bout five of them prowlin' 'round 'way
+from de main army, a foragin', they say.
+
+"When Miss Margaret marry, old marster sold out and leave de county. Us
+move to Mr. Wade Rawls' and work for him from 1876 to Jerry's death. Is
+I told you dat I marry Jerry? Well, I picked out Jerry Walker from a
+baker's dozen of boys, hot footin' it 'bout mammy's door step, and us
+never had a cross word all our lives. Us had nine chillun. Us moved
+'round from pillar to post, always needy but always happy. Seem lak us
+never could save anything on his $7.06 a month and a peck of meal and
+three pounds of meat a week.
+
+"When de chillun come on, us try rentin' a farm and got our supplies on
+a crop lien, twenty-five percent on de cash price of de supplies and
+paid in cotton in de fall. After de last bale was sold, every year, him
+come home wid de same sick smile and de same sad tale: 'Well, Mandy, as
+usual, I settled up and it was--'Naught is naught and figger is a
+figger, all for de white man and none for de nigger.'
+
+"De grave and de resurrection will put everything all right, but I have
+a instinct dat God'll make it all right over and up yonder and dat all
+our 'flictions will, in de long run, turn out to our 'ternal welfare and
+happiness."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=NED WALKER=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Ned Walker lives in the village of White Oak, near Winnsboro, S.C., in a
+two-room frame house, the dwelling of his son-in-law, Leander Heath, who
+married his daughter, Nora. Ned is too old to do any work of a
+remunerative character but looks after the garden and chickens of his
+daughter and son-in-law. He is a frequent visitor to Winnsboro, S.C. He
+brings chickens and garden produce, to sell in the town and the
+Winnsboro Hill's village. He is tall, thin, and straight, with kind
+eyes. Being one of the old Gaillard Negroes, transplanted from the
+Santee section of Berkeley County, in the Low Country, to the red hills
+of Fairfield County, in the Up Country, he still retains words and
+phrases characteristic of the Negro in the lower part of South Carolina.
+
+"Yes sir, I's tall and slim lak a saplin'; maybe dat a good reason I
+live so long. Doctor say lean people lives longer than fat people.
+
+"I hear daddy read one time from de Bible 'bout a man havin' strength of
+years in his right hand and honor and riches in his left hand, but
+whenever I open dat left hand dere is nothin' in it. 'Spect dat promise
+is comin' tho', when de old age pension money gits down here from
+Washington. When you 'spect it is comin'? De palm of my hand sho' begin
+to itch for dat greenback money. So you think it's on de way? Well,
+thank God for dat but it seem 'most too good to be true. Now I'll quit
+askin' questions and just set here and smoke and answer, whilst you do
+de puttin' down on de paper.
+
+"Yes sir, I was born right here in de southeast corner of Winnsboro, on
+de Clifton place. De day I was born, it b'long to my master, David
+Gaillard. Miss Louisa, dats Master David's wife, 'low to me one day,
+'Ned don't you ever call de master, old master, and don't you ever
+think of me as old miss'. I promise her dat I keep dat always in mind,
+and I ain't gonna change, though she done gone on to heaven and is in de
+choir a singin' and a singin' them chants dat her could pipe so pretty
+at St. Johns, in Winnsboro. You see they was 'Piscopalians. Dere was no
+hard shell Baptist and no soft shell Methodist in deir make up. It was
+all glory, big glory, glory in de very highest rung of Jacob's ladder,
+wid our white folks.
+
+"Well, how I is ramblin'. You see dere was Master David and Mistress
+Louisa, de king bee and de queen bee. They had a plantation down on de
+Santee, in de Low Country, somewhere 'bout Moncks Corner. One day Master
+David buy a 1,385 acres on Wateree Creek. He also buy de Clifton place,
+to live in, in Winnsboro. I can't git my mind back to tell you what I
+wants for you to put on de paper. 'Scuse me, forgit everything, 'til you
+git my pedigree down.
+
+"I done name Master David and Mistress Louisa. Now for de chillun. Us
+was told to front de boys name wid Marse and de young ladies name wid
+Miss. Now us can go and git somewhere.
+
+"Well, dere was Miss Elizabeth; she marry Mr. Dwight. Miss Maria marry
+another Mr. Dwight. Miss Kate marry Mr. Bob Ellison, a sheriff. Her got
+two chillun in Columbia, Marse David and Marse DuBose Ellison. Then for
+de boys; they all went to de war. Marse Alley got kilt. Marse Dick rise
+to be a captain and after de war marry Congressman Boyce's daughter,
+Miss Fannie. Marse Ike marry and live in de Low Country; he die 'bout
+two years ago. Marse Sam marry a Miss DuBose and went wid General Wade
+Hampton.
+
+"Marse Sam's son cut a canal that divide half and half de western part
+of de whole world. Us niggers was powerful scared, 'til Marse David
+Gailliard took a hold of de business. Why us scared? Why us fear dat de
+center of de backbone of de world down dere, when cut, would tipple over
+lak de halfs of a watermelon and everybody would go under de water in de
+ocean. How could Marse David prevent it? Us niggers of de Gaillard
+generation have confidence in de Gaillard race and us willin' to sink or
+swim wid them in whatever they do. Young Marse David propped de sides of
+de world up all right, down dere, and they name a big part of dat canal,
+Gaillard Cut, so they did. (Gaillard Cut, Panama Canal)
+
+"Well, I keep a ramblin'. Will I ever git to Marse Henry, de one dat
+looked after and cared for slaves of de family most and best? Marse
+Henry marry a Miss White in Charleston. He rise to be captain and
+adjutant of de fightin' 6th Regiment. After de war him fix it so de
+slaves stay altogether, on dat 1,385 acres and buy de place, as common
+tenants, on de 'stallment plan. He send word for de head of each family
+to come to Winnsboro; us have to have names and register. Marse Henry
+command; us obey. Dat was a great day. My daddy already had his name,
+Tom. He was de driver of de buggy, de carriage, and one of de wagons, in
+slavery. Marse Henry wrote him a name on a slip and say: 'Tom as you
+have never walked much, I name you Walker.'
+
+"It wasn't long befo' daddy, who was de only one dat could read and
+write, ride down to Columbia and come back wid a 'mission in his pocket
+from de 'Publican Governor, to be Justice of de Peace.
+
+"Marse Henry ladle out some 'golliwhopshus' names dat day. Such as:
+Caesar Harrison, Edward Cades and Louis Brevard. He say, 'Louis, I give
+you de name of a judge. Dan, I give you a Roman name, Pompey.' Pompey
+turned out to be a preacher and I see your grandpa, Marse William
+Woodward, in de graveyard when Uncle Pompey preached de funeral of old
+Uncle Wash Moore. Tell you 'bout dat if I has time.
+
+"Well, he give Uncle Sam de name of Shadrock. When he reach Uncle Aleck,
+he 'low: 'I adds to your name Aleck, two fine names, a preacher's and a
+scholar's, Porter Ramsey.' 'Bout dat time a little runt elbow and butt
+his way right up to de front and say: 'Marse Henry, Marse Henry! I wants
+a big bulldozin' name.' Marse Henry look at him and say: 'You little
+shrimp, take dis then.' And Marse Henry write on de slip of paper:
+Mendoza J. Fernandez, and read it out loud. De little runt laugh mighty
+pleased and some of them Fernandezes 'round here to dis day.
+
+"My mammy name Bess, my granddaddy name June, grandmamny, Renah, but all
+my brothers dead. My sisters Clerissie and Phibbie am still livin'. Us
+was born in a two-story frame house, chimney in de middle, four rooms
+down stairs and four up stairs. Dere was four families livin' in it.
+Dese was de town domestics of master. Him have another residence on de
+plantation and a set of domestics, but my daddy was de coachman for both
+places.
+
+"De Gaillard quarters was a little town laid out wid streets wide 'nough
+for a wagon to pass thru. Houses was on each side of de street. A well
+and church was in de center of de town. Dere was a gin-house, barns,
+stables, cowpen and a big bell on top of a high pole at de barn gate.
+Dere was a big trough at de well, kept full of water day and night, in
+case of fire and to water de stock. Us had peg beds, wheat straw
+mattress and rag pillows. Cotton was too valuable.
+
+"Master didn't 'low de chillun to be worked. He feed slaves on 'tatoes,
+rice, corn pone, hominy, fried meat, 'lasses, shorts, turnips, collards,
+and string beans. Us had pumpkin pie on Sunday. No butter, no sweet milk
+but us got blabber and buttermilk.
+
+"Oh, then, I 'bout to forgit. Dere was a big hall wid spinnin' wheels
+in it, where thread was spin. Dat thread was hauled to Winnsboro and
+brought to de Clifton place in Winnsboro, to de weave house. Dat house
+set 'bout where de Winnsboro Mill is now. Mammy was head of de weave
+house force and see to de cloth. Dere was a dye-room down dere too. They
+use red earth sometime and sometime walnut stain. My mammy learn all dis
+from a white lady, Miss Spurrier, dat Master David put in charge dere at
+de first. How long she stay? I disremembers dat. Us no want for clothes
+summer or winter. Had wooden bottom shoes, two pair in a year.
+
+"Mr. Sam Johnson was de overseer. Dere was 'bout 700 slaves in de
+Gaillard quarter and twenty in town, countin' de chillun. De young white
+marsters break de law when they teach daddy to read and write. Marse
+Dick say: 'To hell wid de law, I got to have somebody dat can read and
+write 'mong de servants.' My daddy was his valet. He put de boys to bed,
+put on deir shoes and brush them off, and all dat kind of 'tention.
+
+"De church was called Springvale. After freedom, by a vote, de members
+jines up, out of respect to de family, wid de Afican Methodist
+'Piscopalian Church, so as to have as much of de form, widout de
+substance of them chants, of de master's church.
+
+"No sir, us had no mulattoes on de place. Everybody decent and happy.
+They give us two days durin' Christmas for celebratin' and dancin'.
+
+"I marry Sylvin Field, a gal on de General Bratton Canaan place. Us have
+three chillun. Nora Heath, dat I'm now livin' wid, at White Oak, Bessie
+Lew, in Tennessee, and Susannah, who is dead.
+
+"What I think of Abe Lincoln? Dat was a mighty man of de Lord. What I
+think of Jeff Davis? He all right, 'cordin' to his education, just lak
+my white folks. What I think of Mr. Roosevelt? Oh, Man! Dat's our papa.
+
+"Go off! I's blabbed 'nough. You 'bliged to hear 'bout dat funeral?
+Will I pester you for 'nother cigarette? No sir! I ain't gonna smoke it
+lak you smoke it. Supposin' us was settin' here smokin' them de same? A
+Gaillard come up them steps and see us. He say: 'Shame on dat white
+man', turn his back and walk back down. A Woodward come up them steps
+and see us. He say: 'You d-- nigger! What's all dis?' Take me by de
+collar, boot me down them steps, and come back and have it out wid you.
+Dat's 'bout de difference of de up and low country buckra.
+
+"Now 'bout Uncle Wash's funeral. Uncle Wash was de blacksmith in de
+forks of de road 'cross de railroad from Concord Church. He was a
+powerful man! Him use de hammer and tongs for all de people miles and
+miles 'round. Him jine de Springvale Afican Methodist 'Piscopalian
+Church, but fell from grace. Him covet a hog of Marse Walt Brice and was
+sent to de penitentiary for two years, 'bout dat hog. Him contacted
+consumption down dere and come home. His chest was all sunk in and his
+ribs full of rheumatism. Him soon went to bed and died. Him was buried
+on top of de hill, in de pines just north of Woodward. Uncle Pompey
+preached de funeral. White folks was dere. Marse William was dere, and
+his nephew, de Attorney General of Arizona. Uncle Pompey took his text
+'bout Paul and Silas layin' in jail and dat it was not 'ternally against
+a church member to go to jail. Him dwell on de life of labor and
+bravery, in tacklin' kickin' hosses and mules. How him sharpen de dull
+plow points and make de corn and cotton grow, to feed and clothe de
+hungry and naked. He look up thru de pine tree tops and say: 'I see
+Jacob's ladder. Brother Wash is climbin' dat ladder. Him is half way up.
+Ah! Brudders and sisters, pray, while I preach dat he enter in them
+pearly gates. I see them gates open. Brother Wash done reach de topmost
+rung in dat ladder. Let us sing wid a shout, dat blessed hymn, 'Dere is
+a Fountain Filled Wid Blood'.' Wid de first verse de women got to
+hollerin' and wid de second', Uncle Pompey say: 'De dyin' thief I see
+him dere to welcome Brother Wash in paradise. Thank God! Brother Wash
+done washed as white as snow and landed safe forever more.'
+
+"Dat Attorney General turn up his coat in de November wind and say;
+'I'll be damn! Marse William smile and 'low: 'Oh Tom! Don't be too hard
+on them. 'Member He will have mercy on them, dat have mercy on
+others'."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =Stiles M. Scruggs=
+ =Columbia, S.C.=
+
+=DANIEL WARING=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 88 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+"I was born in Fairfield County, South Carolina, in 1849, and my
+parents, Tobias and Becky Waring was slaves of the Waring family, and
+the Bookters and Warings was kin folks. When I was just a little shaver
+I was told I b'longed to the family of the late Colonel Edward Bookter
+of upper Fairfield County.
+
+"The Bookter plantation was a big one, with pastures for cattle, hogs
+and sheep; big field of cotton, corn and wheat, and 'bout a dozen Negro
+families livin' on it, mostly out of sight from the Bookter's big house.
+Two women and three or four Negro chillun work there, preparin' the food
+and carin' for the stock. I was one of the chillun. Colonel Bookter's
+household had three boys; one bigger than me and two not quite as big as
+me. We play together, drive up the cows together, and carry on in
+friendly fashion all the time. The nigger chillun eat with the two black
+women in a place fixed for them off from the kitchen, after the white
+folks finish. We generally have same food and drink that the white folks
+have.
+
+"When I was 'bout eleven years old my master took me to Columbia one
+Saturday afternoon, and while Colonel Bookter was 'round at a livery
+stable on Assembly Street, he give me some money and tell me I could
+stroll 'round a while. I did, and soon find myself with 'bout a dozen of
+Master Hampton's boys. As we walk 'long Gervais Street, we met a big
+fine lookin' man with a fishin' tackle, goin' towards the river, and
+several other white folks was with him. As we turn the corner, the big
+man kinda grin and say to us: 'Whose niggers are you?' The bigger boy
+with us say: 'We all b'longs to Master Hampton.' He laugh some more and
+then reach in his pocket and give each one of us a nickel, sayin' to
+the white folks: 'Blest if I know my own niggers, anymore'.
+
+"Yes sir, I was 'bout fourteen years old when President Lincoln set us
+all free in 1863. The war was still goin' on and I'm tellin' you right
+when I say that my folks and friends round me did not regard freedom as
+a unmixed blessin'.
+
+"We didn't know where to go or what to do, and so we stayed right where
+we was, and there wasn't much difference to our livin', 'cause we had
+always had a plenty to eat and wear. I 'member my mammy tellin' me that
+food was gittin' scarce, and any black folks beginnin' to scratch for
+themselves would suffer, if they take their foot in their hand and
+ramble 'bout the land lak a wolf.
+
+"As a slave on the plantation of Colonel Edward Bookter, I had a pretty
+good time. I knows I has work to do and I does it, and I always has
+plenty to eat and wear in winter and summer. If I get sick I has a
+doctor, so we set tight until 1865. After the war we come to Columbia,
+and mammy made us a livin' by washin' for white folks and doin' other
+jobs in the kitchen, and I worked at odd jobs, too.
+
+"We didn't get much money from the Freedmen's outfit, which was
+'stablished in Columbia. The white men who set it up and administered
+the Freedmen's funds and rations let some of their pets have much of it,
+while others got little or nothin'. An' existence become increasin'
+harder as nigger got more and more in the saddle.
+
+"During the war, and it seem to me it would never end, we heard much
+'bout President Lincoln. Niggers seem to think he was foolish to get
+into war, but they generally give him credit for directin' it right as
+far as he could. President Davis was powerful popular at the beginnin'
+of the conflict, but his popularity was far less when the war is over
+and he is in jail.
+
+"I was 'most grown at the end of the war, and I was at no time popular
+with the black leaders and their white friends who rule the roost in
+Columbia for 'most thirteen years. I went back to my white friends in
+Fairfield County and work for years for Mister T.S. Brice, and others on
+the plantation.
+
+"I has been married three times, and am now livin' with my third wife.
+She and me am makin' a sort of livin', and is yet able to work. I can
+only do de lightest work and the sweetest thought I has these days is
+the memory of my white friends when I was young and happy."
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, June 2, 1937=
+
+=NANCY WASHINGTON=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 104 years.=
+
+
+"Come in child. Jes set right dere in dat chair whey I c'n be mindful uv
+yuh cause I ain' hear but sorta hard lak dese days. I jes come in outer
+de field whey I been chopping 'round uh little wid me hoe, but eve't'ing
+is grow so black 'fore me eye dat I t'ink I better rest meself uh
+little. I tries to help Sam (her son) aw I c'n, but I ain' mucha 'count
+no more. I 104 year old en I ain' gwinna be heah much longer. Me mark
+done strak (strike) me right dere dis a'ternoon. Dat been jes de way my
+ole mammy waz call."
+
+"Does yah know whey dat place call Ash Pole? Dat whey I wuz raise up
+when I b'long to Massa Giles Evanson. He wuz uh good ole fellow. I ain'
+know wha' it wuz to ge' no bad treatment by my white people. Dey tell me
+some uv de colored peoples lib mighty rough in dat day en time but I
+ne'er know nuthin 'bout dat. I 'member dey is spank we chillun wid
+shingle but dey ne'er didn't hit my mudder."
+
+"My Massa ne'er hab so mucha colored peoples lak some uv dem udder white
+folks hab. Jes hab my mudder en eight head uv we chillun. Hab 'nough to
+gi'e eve'yone uv he daughter uh servant apiece when dey ge' marry. Ne'er
+hab nuthin but women colored peoples. My Massa say he ain' wan' no man
+colored peoples."
+
+"De preacher Ford, wha' use'er lib right up dere in town, papa hab uh
+big ole plantation wha' been jes lak uh little town. He hab hundred
+colored peoples en dey is hab eve't'ing dere. Hab dey preachin' right
+dere on de plantation en aw dat."
+
+"Coase my white folks hab uh nice plantation en dey keep uh nice house
+aw de time. I wuz de house girl dere en de one wha' dey'ud hab to wait
+on de Missus. Dey'ud carry me eve'ywhey dey go. Al'ays know how I wuz
+faring. My Missus wuz big en independent lak. Talk lak she mad aw de
+time, but she warnt. She ne'er wear no cotton 'bout dere no time. Hab
+her silk on eve'y day en dem long yellow ear bob dat'ud be tetchin right
+long side she shoulder. I al'ays look a'ter de Missus en she chillun.
+Wash dey feet en comb dey hair en put de chillun to bed. But child, some
+white folks is queer 'bout t'ings. Dey watch yuh gwine 'bout yuh work en
+den dey'll wan' yuh to do sumptin fa dem. De ole man take me 'way from
+helping de Missus en send me out to plow corn en drap peas. I wuz shame
+too cause I ne'er lak fa he to treat my Missus dat uh way."
+
+"De peoples ne'er didn't cook in no stove den neither. Dey hab big ole
+round dirt ubben (oven) to cook dey ration in. Dey make dey ubben outer
+white clay en hadder build uh shelter over it cause dey'ud cook outer
+in de yard. Dey ne'er cook but jes twice uh week. Cook on Wednesday en
+den ne'er cook no more till Saturday. I 'member de big ole ham dat dey
+cook en de tatoes en so mucha bread. Jes hab 'bundance aw de time. I got
+uh piece uv de ole slavery time ubben heah now. I ge' it outer en show
+it to yuh. Dis is one uv de leads (lids) en dey'ud put uh chain en hook
+on dere en hang it up in de fireplace. Dat de way dey cook dey ration. O
+Lawd, ef I could ge' back to my ole home whey I could look in en see jes
+one more time, jes one more time, child."
+
+"I wuz jes uh girl when de Yankees come t'rough dere. Dey look jes lak
+uh big blue cloud comin' down dat road en we chillun wuz scared uv em.
+Dat land 'round 'bout dere wuz full uv dem Yankees marchin' en gwine on.
+Dey ne'er bother my white folks but in some uv de places dey jes ruint
+eve't'ing. Burnt up en tore down aw 'bout dere."
+
+"Yuh ain' ne'er see nobody weave no cloth nowadays. In de winter dey
+use'er al'ays put woolen on de little chillun to keep em from getting
+burnt up. Peoples wuz easy to cotch uh fire in dat time. Dey hab plenty
+uv sheep den en dis jes 'bout de time uv de year dat dey shear de sheep.
+Al'ays'ud shear de sheep in de month uv May. Dey is make aw kinder nice
+cloth den. I c'n charge en spin en make any kinder streak yuh wan'.
+Coase my mudder use'er weave de jeanes cloth en blanketing."
+
+"Dey use'er hab some uv dem corn-shucking 'bout dere but I ne'er take no
+part in none uv dat. A'ter freedom declare, us pull boxes en dip
+turpentine. Dat wha' wuz in de style den."
+
+"I won' but 'bout 16 when I marry en I hab uh nice wedding. Marry right
+dere in my Massa yard en hab white swass dress to wear. I marry uh
+settled man offen uh rich man plantation en dey ne'er wan' me to marry,
+but dey ne'er say nuthin 'gainst it. Dey hab good manners den en manners
+de t'ing dat carry peoples t'rough anyt'ing, child."
+
+
+  _Source_: Nancy Washington, age 104, colored, Dusty Hills,
+  Marion, S.C. (Personal interview, May 1937).
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=CHARLEY WATSON=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 87 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+"Dis is a mighty hot day I tells you, and after climbing them steps I
+just got to fan myself befo' I give answer to your questions. You got
+any 'bacco I could chaw and a place to spit? Dis old darkie maybe answer
+more better if he be allowed to be placed lak dat at de beginnin' of de
+'sperience.
+
+"Where was I born? Why right dere on de Hog Fork Place, thought
+everybody knowed dat! It was de home place of my old Marster Daniel
+Hall, one of de Rockefellers of his day and generation, I tells you, he
+sho was. My pappy had big name, my marster call him Denmore, my mammy
+went by de name of Mariyer. She was bought out of a drove from Virginny
+long befo' de war. They both b'long to old marster and bless God live on
+de same place in a little log house. Let's see; my brother Bill is one,
+he livin' at de stone quarry at Salisbury, North Carolina. My sister
+Lugenie marry a Boulware nigger and they tells me dat woman done take
+dat nigger and make sumpin' out of him. They owns their own automobile
+and livin' in Cleveland, Ohio.
+
+"Us live in quarters, two string of houses a quarter mile long and just
+de width of a wagon road betwixt them. How many slaves marster had? Dere
+was four hundred in 1850, dat was de year I was born, so allowing for de
+natural 'crease, 'spect dere was good many more when freedom come. Our
+beds was made of poles and hay or straw. Was my marster rich? How come
+he wasn't? Didn't he have a Florida plantation and a Georgia plantation?
+Didn't us niggers work hard for our vittles and clothes? It make me
+laugh de way de niggers talk 'bout eight hours a day. Us worked by de
+'can and de can't system'. What way dat you ask me? Well, was dis way;
+in de mornin' when it git so you can see, you got to go to work and at
+night when it git so dark you can't see you ceasted to work. You see
+what I mean? My marster's white overseer 'dopted de 'can and can't
+system' of work hours. My mammy had to plow same as a man, she did sir.
+Sometimes they pulled fodder and fooled wid it on Sunday.
+
+"You is a pushin' me a little too fast. Let me gum dis 'bacco and spit
+and I can do and say more 'zackly what you expect from me. My marster
+had sheep, goats, mules, horses, stallion, jackass, cows and hogs, and
+then he had a gin, tan yard, spinnin' rooms, weave room, blacksmith shop
+and shoe shop. Dere was wild turkeys on de place, deer in de cane brakes
+and shad in de Catawba River. De Indians fetch their pots and jars to
+sell, and peddlers come to big house wid their humps on their backs and
+bright yards of calico and sich things de missus lak to feel and s'lect
+from. I see money then, but I never see a nigger wid money in his paws
+in slavery time, never!
+
+"Us was fed good on corn meal, hog meat, milk, butter, 'lasses, turnips,
+beans, peas and apples, never hungry. Boss whip me once for fightin' and I
+never fought anymore, I tells you.
+
+"My mistress name Miss Sarah. Her was a Hicklin befo' she marry. Their
+chillun was: Tom, Billie, Dan and Jason, all dead 'cept Marster Jason.
+De white overseer was Strother Ford. He give de slaves down the country
+maybe sometimes, so heard them say, but I didn't see him.
+
+"Did us sing? Yes sir. What us sing? One was what I's gwine hist right
+dis minute and sing wid your lieve. (Here Charley sang, 'Give me dat old
+time religion'.)
+
+"Us made 'simmon beer sometime and lye soap just 'bout in de same way,
+hopper was 'rected for dat. 'Simmons was put wid locust; hickory ashes
+was used to make soap. Every Christmas us got ginger cake and sassafras
+tea.
+
+"Doctor Scott was de doctor for de slaves. Us niggers was mighty sad
+when his son Willie's gun went off by accident and kill him in 1868. De
+Doctor never smile again after dat cumbustion of dat gun. Does you
+'member de time Mr. Till Dixon was drowned? He your uncle? 'Twas de
+fourth of July, I 'member dat day, and a boy Freddie Habbernick was
+drowned in Catawba in 1903. Dat river take a many soul over dat other
+shore, I tells you."
+
+
+
+
+ =S-260-264-N=
+ =Project 935=
+ =Samuel Addison=
+ =Richland County=
+
+=EX-SLAVE 91 YEARS OLD, CONGAREE, SOUTH CAROLINA=
+
+=_THERE WAS NO GOD BUT MOSSA AN' MISSUS_=
+
+
+"My pa name was Nat White who tell me dat I was bo'n about 1842. My ma
+was name Jane White. My pa use to carry all de votes from McClellanville
+to Charleston. He come from Tibbin, South Carolina. He also been all
+'round de United States. My Ma's Ma bin name Kate. I had sense to know
+'em all.
+
+"I know a heap o' sojus had on nice buttons an' had plumes in dere hats.
+Dey wus singin' an' playin' on a flute dis song, 'I wish I wus in
+Dixie,' an' dey went in de big house an' broke up ebery thing. Dey say
+to me, 'you are as free as a frog,' an' dey say to my pa, 'all your
+chillun are free.' Dey say 'little niggers is free as a frog' an' we
+holler much.
+
+"I aint nebber do no work, but I kin 'member I use to wear a pant you
+call chambery. Ma cook a pot o' peas an' weevils wus always on de top.
+Ma would den turn mush an' clean a place on de floor, she make a paddle
+an' we eat off de floor. She use to bake ash cake too. I didn' know
+'bout no garden, all I know I eat. Dis what dey put on me I wear em. I
+nebber know nothin' 'bout shoes.
+
+"My master been name Bill Cooper who had a gal an' a son. De gal been
+name Mary an' de boy Bill like de daddy.
+
+"Tarbin wus a big house, but I aint nebber know de number o' slaves or
+'mount o' lan' dat went wid um.
+
+"De slaves had a church name Lazarus an' some went to de white church.
+Dey had us bar off frum de whites an' we use to look t'rough a glass
+door. I member when a preacher say, 'honor your missus an' mossa dat
+your days may be long for dey is your only God.' My Ma tell me when dey
+use to lick dem she use to sing dis song, 'do pray for me' en ma say
+w'en de lickin' got too hot she say 'oh God' en mossa say, 'show me dat
+damn man', den he say, 'I am your only God. My preacher name wus Sabie
+Mood.
+
+"De slaves couldn't git any news, but dey had to work on Sunday if de
+week bin bad. W'en it rain dey use to shuck co'n.
+
+"W'en Bill Cooper die he holler to me, 'I'm burnin' up' an' ma say
+missus say, 'iron me too hot, she meat is red like fire.'
+
+"We use to sing song like dese;
+
+    'Mary bring de news an' Martha win de prize.
+    I mus die an' will die in dat day
+    See dat oars like feathers springing'
+
+"I marry Sarah on December 18th. Him de only one I marry an' we had a
+big weddin' an' plenty o' somethin' to eat. We had fourteen chillun.
+
+"Pa say mossa use to take de fork an' punch holes in dere body w'en he
+got mad. People always die frum de pisin.
+
+"Dis is all I know I ain't go tell no lie, dat what pa say, I moved here
+atter de yankees come."
+
+
+  Reference;
+
+  Uncle Dave White,
+  91 years old
+  Congaree, South Carolina.
+
+
+
+
+ =S-260-264-N=
+ =Project 1885=
+ =Laura L. Middleton=
+ =Charleston, S.C.=
+
+ =No. Words: 452=
+
+=UNCLE DAVE WHITE=
+
+=_An Old Time Negro_=
+
+
+Uncle Dave White, one of the waning tribe lives in a simple homestead
+down a dusty and wind-swept curved country lane on the out skirt of
+McClenville, forty miles North of Charleston rests the simple shanty of
+David White, aged Negro, affectionally known to the Negro and white
+population for many miles around as "uncle Dave".
+
+His quiet unadulterated mode of living and his never changing grateful
+disposition typifies the true Southern Negro of pre-Civil War days; a
+race that was commonplace and plentiful at one time, but is now almost
+extinct, having dwindled in the face of more adequate educational
+facilities.
+
+His homestead, resembling a barn more than a place to live in. To
+protect the house against the hazardous affects of imperilling winds,
+long poles are made to prop the somewhat dilapidated shanty.
+
+A visit to his home, one dark and dreary day in late December, found him
+as usual in the best of spirits. He welcomed the visitors with a
+cordiality that would rival the meeting of two long lost friends. The
+front has no main entrance; the main door is around the back. There are
+conspicuous displays of many ancient burlap bags, heavy laden, hanging
+from high rafters, which contained corn and peanuts.
+
+"But why not keep them in your barn, Uncle Dave!" one would ask.
+
+"Well, suh, I keep mah co'n and grain nuts in yuh so mak eye can sta' on
+'em," he replies.
+
+A further inspection of the premises revealed other precautions he had
+taken against the unwelcomed guests; a crude lock on each door and many
+other precautionary measures convicted, that he was willing to take no
+unnecessary chances at having his worldly goods stolen.
+
+His age is truly a matter of conjecture. The more you look at him the
+more uncertain you become. His droopy carriage and shriveled feature
+betray you at first sight. The first impression will lead one to believe
+that he is about one hundred years of age, and later it will appear that
+he is not that old.
+
+We had known "uncle Dave" for a long time; for years it had been a
+familiar sight to see him trudging the streets of the town with burlap
+bags thrown across his shoulders containing such household necessities
+as grits, salt, sugar, etc., and such articles as the house wives would
+give him out of sheer sympathy. To every friendly greeting he always had
+the humble response of "Tank Gawd, my eye is open."
+
+He is well known throughout the town. One Sunday night a short time ago,
+while the services of a white church were in progress, distinguishable
+sounds of Amen were heard at regular intervals coming from the outside.
+On investigating they discovered that it was "uncle Dave" reverently
+enjoying the proceedings. Many times he has been seen outside the same
+church listening to the services.
+
+
+  _SOURCE_
+  Interview with (Mrs.) Minnie Huges, age 43, 179 Spring Street, welfare
+  worker.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1655=
+ =Martha S. Pinckney=
+ =Charleston, S.C.=
+
+ =FOLKLORE=
+
+ =Approx. _637_ words=
+
+=_INTERVIEW WITH EX-SLAVE_=
+
+
+Everybody in the town of Mt. Pleasant, Christ Church Parish (across the
+Bay from Charleston) knows "Tena White, the washer," "Tena, the cook,"
+"Maum Tena" or "Da Tena, the nurse"--the same individual, accomplished
+in each art, but best as a nurse.
+
+The house where Tena lives is the second in a row of Negro houses. The
+writer, calling from the gate, was answered by Tena, a middle-sized
+woman of neat figure. As the writer ascended the steps a friendly cur
+wagged itself forward and was promptly reproved by Tena, who placed a
+chair, the seat of which she wiped carefully with her dress. The piazza
+was clean and on the floor a black baby slept on a folded cloth, with a
+pillow under its head. The writer was soon on friendly terms with Maum
+Tena, and was told: "As soon as my eye set on you, I see you favor the
+people I know. My people belonged to Mr. William Venning. The plantation
+was Remley Point. I couldn't zactly member my pa's name. I member when
+de war come though. Oh dem drum; I nebber hear such a drum in my life!
+De people like music; dey didn't care nothing bout de Yankees, but dem
+bands of music! My mother name Molly Williams. My pa dead long before
+that. All my people dead. I stayin' here with my youngest sister
+chile--youngest son. He got seven head ob chillun."
+
+"I can do anything--wash or cook--aint no more cook though. Oh yes" and
+her eyes sparkled, "I know how to cook de turkey, and de ham wid de
+little brown spots all over de top. Nobody can collec' my soup for me; I
+first go choose my soup bone. One wid plenty richness. My chile say,
+'While my Tena live I wouldn't want nobody else.' But I couldn't take de
+sponsibility now."
+
+"Maum Tena, how many children did you have?"
+
+"Maggie an Etta an Georgie an Annie, etc., etc." so fast and so many
+that one couldn't keep up.
+
+"Wait, Maum Tena. How many were there in all--your own children?"
+
+"I nebber had a chile."
+
+"Oh, those were the children you nursed."
+
+"I marry twice. Caesar Robson an Aleck White."
+
+"Did you ever sing spirituals?"
+
+"No, I nebber had time."
+
+"But you sang lullabies to the children."
+
+"Oh, I sing someting to keep de chile quiet."
+
+"Where is your church, Maum Tena?"
+
+"De Methodist Church right here. I know I got for die some day. He keep
+me distance,[B] but when I look an see my flesh, I tenk de Lord for
+ebbery year what pass on my head. Taint my goodness, tis His goodness.
+Nothing but the pureness of heart will see Him."
+
+
+[B] Has lived a long time.
+
+
+Tena was shocked and disgusted at the idea of the Lord being a "black
+man." She said with perfect certainty that he was "no such."
+
+"We all goin to de same Heaven, and there aint no black people there."
+
+The writer asked Tena her age; before she could answer, her great-niece
+came to the door and said, "She eighty-eight." Tena was indignant. Her
+eyes flashed. "I aint goin to hab nobody come along puttin down my age
+what dunno anyting about it. I ought to be as high as nine. Let um be as
+high as nine."[C]
+
+"If I didn't been round de house wid white people I wouldn't hab dis
+opportunity today, an dey good to me an gib me nuf to keep my soul an
+body together. My mother raise me right. When de Yankee come through we
+been at Remley Point. My Ma took care ob me. She shut me up and she gard
+me. De Yankee been go in de colored people house, an dey mix all up, an
+dey do jus what dey want. Dey been brutish.
+
+"De beautiful tureen, stand so high and hab foot so long" lifting her
+hands, "an all de beautiful ting smash up, an all de meat an ham in de
+smoke house de stribute um all out to de people, an de dairy broke up,
+an de horse an de cow kill. Nothin leave. Scatter ebberyting. Nothin
+leave."
+
+
+[C] Meaning her age should be in the nineties.
+
+
+  =SOURCE: Tena White, Mt. Pleasant, Christ Church Parish, S.C.=
+  =Age: Approximately 90.=
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=BILL WILLIAMS=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 82 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+Bill Williams lives on the Durham place, nine miles east of Winnsboro,
+S.C., on the warm charity of Mr. Arthur M. Owens, the present owner. He
+is decrepit and unable to work.
+
+"I was born a slave of old Marster John Durham, on a plantation 'bout
+five miles east of Blackstock, S.C. My mistress name Margaret. Deir
+chillun was Miss Cynthia, Marse Johnnie, Marse Willie and Marse Charnel.
+I forgits de others. Then, when young Marse Johnnie marry Miss Minnie
+Mobley, my mammy, Kizzie, my daddy, Eph, and me was give to them. Daddy
+and mammy had four other chillun. They was Eph, Reuben, Winnie and
+Jordan. Us live in rows of log houses, a path 'twixt de two rows. Us was
+close to de spring, where us got water and mammy did de white folks
+washin' every week. I kep' de fires burnin' 'round de pots, so de water
+would keep boilin'. Dat's 'bout all de work I 'members doin' in slavery
+time. Daddy was a field hand and ploughed a big red mule, name Esau. How
+many slaves was dere? More than I could count. In them days I couldn't
+count up to a hundred. How, then, I gonna kno' how many dere was? You
+have to ask somebody else. I'll just risk sayin' dere was big and little
+ones, just a little drove of them dat went to de field in cotton pickin'
+time, a hollerin' and a singin' glory hallelujah all day long, and pick
+two bales a day.
+
+"Marse Johnnie and Miss Minnie mighty good marster and mistress to deir
+slaves. We had good rock chimneys to our houses, plank floors, movable
+bedsteads, wid good wheat straw ticks, and cotton pillows. Other folks'
+slaves was complainin' 'bout dirt floors in de houses, boards to sleep
+on, no ticks, and rags for pillows. Us got flour bread and 'lasses on
+Sunday, too, I'm here to tell you.
+
+"They sho' fetch dat catechism 'round on Sunday and telled you who made
+you, what Him make you out of, and what Him make you for. And they say
+dat from de crown of your head to de top of your big toe, de chief end
+of every finger and every toe, even to de ends of your two thumbs, was
+made to glorify de Lord! Missus more 'ticular 'bout dat catechism than
+de marster. Her grandpa, old Marster John Mobley was a great Baptist.
+After de crops was laid by, every August, him visit his granddaughter.
+While dere, he take de slaves and dam up de branch, to make a pond for
+to pool de water. Then he take to de hill just 'bove, cut down pine
+tops, and make a brush arbor to hold de prachin' in. 'Vite white
+preachers, Mr. Cartledge, Mr. Mellichamp or Mr. Van, to come hold a
+'vival for all de slaves in and 'round and 'bout de country. I's seen 27
+go down and come up out dat pool, a splashin' water from deir faces, one
+Sunday evenin'. A terrible thing happen one time at de baptism. It was
+while de war was gwine on. Marse Johnnie had come back from Virginia, on
+a furlough for ten days. Old Marse John come to see him and fetch Rev.
+Mr. Cartledge wid him. People was pow'ful consarned 'bout 'ligion 'long
+'bout dat time. Me and all de little slave boys jined dat time and dere
+was a little boy name Ike, a slave of old Doctor John Douglas, dat
+jined. Him was just 'bout my age, seven or eight years old. After him
+jined, him wanna back out of goin' down into de water. Dat evenin',
+after dinner, us was all dressed in a kind of white slip-over gown for
+de occasion. When it come Ike's time to receive de baptism, him was led
+by his mammy, by de hand, to de edge of de water and his hand given to
+de preacher in charge, who received him. Then he commenced: 'On de
+confession----'. 'Bout dat time little Ike broke loose, run up de bank,
+and his mammy and all de slaves holler: 'Ketch him! Ketch him!' Old
+Marse John holler: 'Ketch him!' They ketch little Ike and fetch him back
+to old Marse John and his mammy. Marse John explain to him dat it better
+to have water in de nose, now, than fire in de soul forever after.
+Little Ike say nothin'. His mammy take his hand and lead him to de
+preacher de same way her did befo'. Little Ike went down into de water.
+Preacher take him but when little Ike got down under dat water, de
+preacher lose de hold and bless God, in some way little Ike got 'twixt
+and 'tween de preacher's legs and comin' out behind him, turnt him
+sommersets and climb out on de bank a runnin'. Little Ike's mammy cry
+out: 'Ketch him! Ketch him!' Old marster say: 'No let him go to de
+devil. Thank de Lord him none of our niggers anyhow. Him just one of Dr.
+Douglas' Presbyterians niggers dat's destined to hell and be damned, I
+reckon."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=JESSE WILLIAMS=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+At the end of one of the silent streets of west Chester, S.C., that
+prolongs itself into a road leading to the Potter's Field and on to the
+County Poorhouse, sets a whitewashed frame cottage. It has two rooms,
+the chimney in the center providing each with a fireplace. A porch,
+supported by red cedar posts, fronts the road side. In this abode lives
+Jesse Williams with his daughter, Edna, and her six children. Edna pays
+the rent, and is a grenadier in the warfare of keeping the wolf from the
+door.
+
+"You say I looks pretty old? Well, you's right 'bout de old part but I's
+far 'way from de pretty part. I got a hand glass in my house and when I
+shaves on Sunday mornin's, I often wonders who I is. I doesn't look lak
+me. My best friend couldn't say I got much on looks, but my old dog rap
+his tail on de floor lak he might say so, if him could speak.
+
+"I's been off and on dese streets of Chester for eighty-three years. I
+was born a slave of Marse Adam C. Walker and my old miss was Mistress
+Eliza, dat's his wife.
+
+"My pappy name Henry and mammy name Maria. I can see them plowin' in de
+field right now. Mammy plowin' same as pappy and me runnin' 'long
+behind, takin' de dirt off de cotton plants where de twister plow turnt
+de clods on de plants. Then, when dat cotton field git white and red wid
+blooms in summer and white agin in de fall, I have to shoulder my poke
+and go to de field and pick dat cotton. I 'members de fust day dat I
+pick a hundred pounds. Marse Adam pull out a big flat black pocket-book
+and gived me a shinplaster, and say: 'Jesse, ever time your basket h'ist
+de beam of de steelyards to 100, you gits a shinplaster.' I make eighty
+cents dat year but I have to git up when de chickens crow for day and
+git in de field when de dew was heavy on de cotton. Does I think dat was
+cheatin'? Oh, no sir! I wasn't 'ceivin' old marster. Him wink at dat,
+and take a pound off for dew. I'd a made more money but they took me out
+de field in November, to drive de mules to de hoss-gin. Dat was play
+work, just a settin' up dere and poppin' de whip.
+
+"Marster live in a big two-story, eight-room house. De kitchen was out
+from de house. After Christmas, dat year, I was house boy and drive de
+buggy for Miss Eliza when her want to go visitin'. I was fed well and
+spent my money for a knife, candy, and firecrackers.
+
+"My marster and missus have chillun. They was Peter, Jerry, Miss Elnora,
+and Miss Sallie, dat I play wid in slavery time.
+
+"De Yankees didn't come as far up as Chester. They branched off down
+'bout Blackstock, took de sunrise side of dat place and march on 'cross
+Catawba River, at Rocky Mount. I stay on wid Marse Adam and Miss Eliza,
+after freedom. I marry a handsome gal. Yes, sir, she dark but not too
+shady. I harks back to them days, as I sets here in dis rocker a talkin'
+to you. Did I tell you her name? Her name just suit her. Not Jane,
+Polly, Mag, Sallie, and de lak of dat! Them was too common for her. Her
+name Catherine, dat just fit her. Us have ten chillun and her and all
+them 'cept me and three chillun done gone over to Jordan. Dere was just
+one thing 'bout Catherine dat I's dubious 'bout. She lak to dance, and I
+was too clumsy for to ever cut a double shuffle. I 'spect I cut a poor
+figure at de frolics us went to. Does you think burnin' a candle for her
+would do any good at dis late day? Why I ask you dat? Well, I has heard
+them say dat white folks does dat sometimes for deir gone-on ones. My
+daughter, Edna say: 'It might do you good and it could do mama no harm.'
+I b'longs to Mount Moriah Church in dis very town of Chester. De
+preacher am Rev. Alexander. He 'low it was superstition to burn dat
+candle but if I live I's gwine to light one nex' Christmas.
+
+"Us had a good marster and mistress. They was big buckra, never 'sociate
+wid poor white trash. They wore de red shirt. De time come 'round when
+they send me to Marse Will Harden and he pass me on to go see Marse
+Judge Mackey, who live here then. Did I know Judge Mackey? Sho' I did!
+While he was a settin' up dere on de bench in de court house, he have
+all de people laughin'. One time de father of Marse W.B. Lindsey beat up
+a Radical nigger and de case come up befo' him for trial. Great
+'citement 'bout it, over de whole county. Court house packed dat day.
+Solicitor rise and say: 'Please your honor, de 'fendant, Lindsey, put in
+a plea of guilty.' You might have heard a breast feather of a chicken
+fall, so very still was de people in dere, though de niggers and
+'publicans was a grinning wid joy. Then Judge Mackey 'low: 'Let de
+'fendant stand up.' Wid a solemn face and a solemn talk, him wound up
+wid: 'Derefore, de court sentence you to de State Penitentiary at hard
+labor for a period of ten years (Then him face light up, as he
+conclude), or pay a fine of one dollar!' De white folks holler: 'Three
+cheers for Judge Mackey!' De judge git up and bow, and say: 'Order in de
+court.' As dere was no quiet to be got, clerk 'journed de court. De
+judge take his silk beaver hat and gold headed cane and march out, while
+de baliffs holler: 'Make way! Make way for de honorable judge!'
+Everybody took up dat cry and keep it up long as de judge was on de
+streets. Oh, how dat judge twirl his cane, smile, and strut.
+
+"Did I ever see a spirit? 'Spect I has and I sho' have felt one more
+than once. 'Spect I was born wid a caul over my eyes. When de last
+quarter of de moon come in de seventh month of a seventh year, is de
+most time you see spirits. Lyin' out in de moon, befo' daybreak, I's
+smelt, I's heard, I's seed and I's felt Catherine's spirit in de moon
+shadows. I come nigh ketchin' hold of her one night, as I wake up a
+dreamin' 'bout her but befo' I could set up, I hear her pass 'way,
+through de treetops dat I was layin', dreamin' under.
+
+"Then another time, I was settin' here 'bout four o'clock in de
+moonlight a lookin' 'cross de street to de town hall. I see sumpin' rise
+and jump upon dat rock a lyin' dere 'ginst de town hall. It was de
+figger of a man. Who it was I don't know, though they de call de rock de
+'Aaron Burr Rock', 'cause he made a speech standin' on dat rock, long
+befo' I was born. De people in de library can tell you 'bout dat speech.
+Maybe Dr. Lathan tell you 'bout it. Him ninety-five years old dis last
+past twelfth day of May and knows all 'bout de days dat are gone.
+
+"I live wid my daughter, Edna, and I just can make it back dere from de
+post office every day."
+
+
+
+
+ =Code: Folk-Lore=
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =May 26, 1937=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+Aunt Mary Williams stated she remembered slavery times, for she was a
+girl large enough to walk four miles to go to work "while slavery was
+on". She said Mr. Alfred Brown used to own her mother, but she was
+raised by Mrs. Margaret Taylor who used to live where the oil mill is
+now, below Arkwright Mills. Her father was owned by Mr. Simpson Bobo and
+drove his horse for him. She stated she was a good hoe-hand, but didn't
+pick cotton, as Mr. Brown didn't raise any cotton, just raised something
+to eat.
+
+She said her master was a kind man, didn't allow any "paterollers" on
+his place, yet she had seen other slaves on other plantations with
+bloody backs and arms from the whippings they got. When asked why they
+were whipped, she replied, "Just because their masters could whip them;
+they owned them and could do what they wanted to them". Her master
+didn't allow any whipping on his place. One time he kept a slave from
+another plantation who was fleeing the "paterollers" on his place and in
+his own house until he was set free.
+
+"I'se got the looking glasses and the thimble my great-grandmother used
+to use when she worked. She was a good weaver and a good sewer. She made
+a man an overcoat once, but didn't get but $1.25 for it; she made a pair
+of men's breeches and got fifty cents for making them. They didn't get
+nothing for making clothes in those days".
+
+She remembered when the Yankee soldiers came into Spartanburg. She said
+they took all they could get, stole something to eat, just went into the
+stores and took liquor and handed it out drink by drink to the other
+soldiers. Aunt Mary stated she saw Abe Lincoln when he came through
+Spartanburg; said he was armed himself and had soldiers all around him.
+He told the colored folks who seemed scared of him that he wasn't going
+to hurt anybody, not to be scared of him. (Here she must have confused
+Lincoln with some one else, probably Colonel Palmer, who commanded a
+detachment in pursuit of Jefferson Davis, which stopped over-night in
+Spartanburg in April, 1865. FK.)
+
+
+  SOURCE: Aunt Mary Williams, 391 Cudd St., Spartanburg, S.C.
+  Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1655=
+ =Genevieve W. Chandler=
+ =Georgetown County, S.C.=
+
+ =FOLKLORE=
+
+=EX-SLAVE STORY=
+
+=UNCLE WILLIS WILLIAMS=
+
+
+"When wuz I born? Born in August. When I wuz born been August. I wuz a
+man grown pulling boxes, (turpentine boxes) when the shake wuz. I know
+the very night the shake come----on a Wednesday night. I wuz on door
+step loosing my shoe string. There wuz more religion then than they is
+now. Praying and prayer meeting for a month. Everybody tend meeting.
+
+"I been with the Yankee. I kin tell you bout the Yankee. They come home
+there to Rock Creek when the war wuz breaking up and carried me to
+Fayetteville. (N.C.) Kept me with 'em till Johnson surrendered in
+Raleigh,----then they kept me in Goldsboro and took me on to Petersburg.
+After everything over they give me free transportation back home. Free
+on train back to Fayetteville. They had put all the Yankee clothes on
+me,----all the blue shirt, blue coat and bumps on the shoulder,--and
+when they start me home took all the Yankee clothes way from me. Put
+gray clothes on me and sent me back. I member they took me up in a
+way-up-yonder building--to Richmond. Couldn't tell you the depth of it.
+Man on the ground looked like boy.
+
+"The man I belonged to been Mass John A. Williams. (Born on the Cape
+Fear.) I goes by Mass John name--Williams. His sons been John, James,
+Charlie, Wallis, William, James. James come home from army sick. Had the
+mumps; thirty days furlough.
+
+"Member when the Yankees come. Been Sunday morning. Ride up to the gate
+on horses. Old Boss happened to come out and walk to the lot. I happened
+to be at gate. They took his watch out his pocket, his pistol--had it
+girded to him--and took all he whiskey and catch chickens and guinea and
+take them all. Then they gone in the lot and took two breeding mares and
+hitch them in wagon and loaded wagon full o' corn. Then they took the
+two carriage horses and hitched to carriage, and gone to smoke-house,
+and fill that carriage full of all Mass John sides of meat and ham and
+shoulders. I been following and watching to see what all they going to
+take, and a soldier looked at me and say,
+
+"'Come on little Nigger! Wanter go?'
+
+"And I done like another fool! I rode off behind the two brood mares, on
+the corn, and where they rested that night, I rested right there.
+
+"It was mighty cold up there. I suffered a heap in the cold fore I got
+back home. They give me a horse,--saddled and bridled,--and a little
+bayonet gun. Put me on that horse to drive cattle. Tell me to take all I
+see. Didn't except nobody cattle. Night come put 'em in pasture--put 'em
+in anybody field--on the oats, rye, wheat.
+
+"Sometimes rain sho fall.--Had to tend that bunch of cattle rain or no
+rain. Didn't kill one beef and stop! (Kill) FOUR beeves a day. Go out
+git the hog and kill 'em. Skin 'em. Didn't scald 'em and clean 'em like
+we do. Just eat the ham. Rest throw way. Gone to Wilmington,
+Fayetteville, Rookfish and Beaver Creek.
+
+"General Sherman? Has I hear bout him? I SEEN him! He had a big name but
+he warn't such a big man; he was a little spare made man. I member now
+when I seed him the last time. He had two matched horses going down to
+Petersburg. Six guards riding by the side of his turnout. Oh my God,
+what clothes he had on! He was dressed down in finest uniform.
+
+"When I leave the Yankee they give me $35.00 in money. I been so fool
+had never seen no green back. Throwed it away eating crackers and
+peanuts. And I bought some brogan shoes. If I'd a helt on to that, I'd a
+been some body today.
+
+"I members it was Sunday morning that General Johnson throwed up his
+hand at Raleigh. Done with the war!
+
+"Before Freedom I have a good enough time. Just lay round the house and
+wait on my boss. When Freedom come and I did have to get out and work it
+most kill me!
+
+"After Freedom my mother wash for family to Beaver Creek. And after
+Freedom my father went to working on shares. Old Maas John called 'em up
+and tell 'em,
+
+"'You free, Asa. You free, Lewis. You free, Handy. You free, Wash. You
+can do as you please. You have to fadge for yourself now.'
+
+"Mass John Williams had four hundred slaves. He was a man had the
+colored people. He didn't work all on his own plantation. He'd hire out
+his people to work turpentine.----Put 'em out for so much a year. He'd
+give 'em blanket, suit, coat, pants. First of the year come, Boss would
+collect wages for all he hire out.
+
+"That there my second wife. You know how a man is. How many wife I had?
+Two or three. Lemme see! (Looking at present wife) You is one! You the
+last one! Fust one been Jinny Lind. Next one been Mary Dickson. And
+Caressa Pyatt been one! And there been another one! I forgot that woman
+name! Got it in my mouth and can't call it! I'll call the name of them
+others I take up with in a little while! One was Caline; one was Tissue;
+(Tisha?) I take them a little while and if they didn't do to suit me, I
+put 'em out! Some I didn't stay with long nuff to find out they name!
+Jinny Lind sister was Tissue. Jinny Lind gone, try her sister. Just a
+'make out'. If they didn't do to suit me, I'd give 'em the devil and put
+'em out.
+
+"Don't know bout beating woman. Some say that bout,
+
+    'Woman, dog, cypress knee
+    more you beat'em the better they be!'
+
+"But some woman, the more you beat 'em the worse the devil gets in 'em.
+Get so they won't 'GEE' nor 'HAW'.
+
+"When I was house boy for old Mass John, waiting on white people, that
+was the best and easiest time I ever had. Ever Satdy drive Mass John to
+Fayetteville. Ever Satdy they'd think that store belong to me! I'd eat
+lumps of brown sugar out the barrel, candy, crackers. Did as I please
+then; NOW do as I kin!
+
+"'Ways of woman and ways of snake deeper than the sea!' I take that to
+mean----mighty few can tell by the trail of a snake whether its coming
+or going----
+
+"I hear story bout the rabbit and the fox--all them old things--Some
+times my mind franzy. Been break up too much! Break two ribs to the
+lumber mill. Jump out a cart one day and run a ten penny nail through my
+foot. That lay me up two months. Some mean people ketch me up by that
+tree yonder with a car and that lay me up sixty-five days. They pick me
+up for dead that time. All that make my mind get franzy sometimes. Come
+and go--Come and go."
+
+
+  SOURCE: Uncle Willis Williams. Age, 89 to 90 years old. Conway, S.C.
+  (Horry County).
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =May 25, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was a Garmany before I married Calvin Wilson. My father was Henry
+Garmany, and my mother Sidney Boozer. My husband was in the Confederate
+army with his master. Dey was near Charleston on de coast. I was slave
+of Lemuel Lane, of de Dutch Fork. He was killed after de war, some say
+by some of his young slaves, but we'uns did not know naything about who
+killed him. We had a good house to live in on Marse Lane's plantation. I
+used to work around the house and in de fields. My mother was a good
+seamstress and helped de white folks sew, and she learn't me to sew had
+help too. We didn't get any money for our work. One time after de war,
+dey paid me only $5.00 and I quit 'em. My mother hired me out to work
+for her, and I didn't have any money, still; so I said I better get me a
+man of my own. Marse Lane was mean to most of us, but good to me. He
+whipped me once and I deserved it because I wouldn't answer him when he
+called me. He jes' give me about two licks. He was mean to my mother,
+but he wouldn't let his white overseer whip us, and wouldn't let de
+padder-rollers come around. He said he could look-out for his own
+slaves.
+
+"We didn't learn to read and write, but some of de white folks had
+learned my mother, and she learned me some.
+
+"Niggers had to go to church at New Hope, de white folks' church, in
+slavery time and after de war too. We had Saturday afternoons to do what
+we wanted, and we washed clothes then.
+
+"On Christmas, Marse would give de slaves some good things to eat and
+send some to dere families. Niggers had frolics at dere houses sometimes
+on Saturday nights. When I married, I had a good hot supper.
+
+"Children played all de ole games like, play-ball (throwing over the
+house), marbles and base.
+
+"Some saw ghosts, but I never saw any of dem.
+
+"Old-time cures was peach tree leaves boiled and drunk for fever; wild
+cherry bark was good for most anything if took at night. I have used it
+for curing some things. The best cure I know, is turpentine and a little
+oil mixed. Swallow it and it will fix you up.
+
+"The Yanks went through our place and took two of the best horses we
+had. One had a tail that reached the ground. Dey stole lots of victuals.
+I 'member de Ku Klux wid dere long white sheets, and den de Red Coats
+wid white breeches. Dey would walk or ride, but dey never harmed us.
+
+"I don't know much about Abe Lincoln, but I reckon he was a good man,
+and Jeff Davis, too. I don't know Booker Washington but heard he was a
+good man.
+
+"I joined de church because de white folks did. Dey wants to go to
+heaven and I do too. I think everybody ought to try to do right. I used
+to think we could make heaven down here, but if we jes' do right, dats
+all we can do."
+
+
+  Source: Emoline Wilson (90), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. May 21, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =Sept. 22, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I was born in Newberry County near Cannon's Creek section in the Dutch
+Fork. I was a slave of Lemuel Lane. He was killed by some slaves just
+after freedom. They killed him for his money but didn't find any, it was
+said. When freedom come, my mistress give me some things to eat when we
+left.
+
+"I can't work much any more; I am old and I can't get about. I live with
+my son who works when he can find work. We rent a two-room cottage in
+town.
+
+"I never heard anything about slaves getting 40 acres of land and a
+mule. None in that section got any. We had to go to work for other
+people.
+
+"The Ku Klux Klan never bothered us then, and we never had nothing to do
+with them, nor with politics.
+
+"There was no slaves living in our section who had come from Virginia."
+
+
+  Source: Emoline Wilson (90), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. 8/10/37
+  (See ES IV, MS. #13).
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =FOLKLORE=
+ =Spartanburg Dist. 4=
+ =June 15, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"I am daughter of Billy Robertson and Louisa Robertson; was born about
+77 years ago in Newberry, on Marse Job Johnstone's place. My father
+lived with Judge Job Johnstone as his extra man or servant. He lived in
+the house with him, slept in his room and waited on him when he became
+old; and, too, was the driver of his carriage. He drove him to other
+courthouses to hold court. After the war, my father was janitor at
+Newberry College, and he was liked by professors, students, and
+everybody who knew him as 'Uncle Billy'. At commencement, he always made
+a speech at night on the campus, which the students enjoyed. He told
+about his travels from Virginia to Newberry before the war. Judge
+Johnstone never wanted anybody else to be with him when he traveled.
+
+"I belonged to the Avelleigh Presbyterian Church in Newberry, and was
+christened in the church by the preacher, the Rev. Buist. Colored people
+were allowed to be members and set in the gallery when they went to
+church.
+
+"After the war, a colored man named Amos Baxter was killed by the Ku
+Klux at the old courthouse. My father was on Judge Johnstone's farm a
+few miles away. He was sent for and came with another colored man to
+town, and prayed and preached over the body of Baxter. The Ku Klux came
+to kill my father for doing this, but they never caught him.
+
+"I had to stay home most of the time and help mama keep house. I never
+worked in the field but once, and the job was so poor they put me back
+in the house. That was the old Nance place.
+
+"Once I saw a man hung in Newberry. He was a negro named Thompson and
+killed a white man named Reid. He killed him at a store in Pomaria and
+burned it over his body. He was hung near the railroad, and a big crowd
+was there to see it. That was my first time to see a man hung, and I
+promised God it would be my last. They asked the negro if he had
+anything to say, and give him five minutes to talk. He was setting on a
+box smoking; then he got up and said he reckoned his time was over, he
+was sorry for all the bad things he had done; that he had killed a boy
+once for 25 cents, and had killed a little girl for 20 cents. He was
+sorry for his wife and three weeks old baby. His wife saw him hung.
+
+"The Ku Klux wanted to kill any white people who was Republicans. They
+killed some negroes. A white man named Murtishaw killed Lee Nance, a
+store keeper. I was a little girl and saw it. Some little children was
+standing out in front. Murtishaw came up and said he wanted to buy
+something or pretended he wanted to; then he went up to Nance, pulled
+his pistol quick and shot him through the throat and head.
+
+"Judge Johnstone's kitchen was away from the house, a brick building.
+They had large ovens and wide fireplaces in which they cooked.
+
+"My father's favorite horses, when he drove the family, was 'Knox' and
+'Calvin', which they kept for many years. When they died the mistress
+cried awfully about it.
+
+"My husband died at old Mr. Dan Ward's place, on College Hill, where he
+was living then."
+
+
+  Source: Jane Wilson (77), Newberry, S.C.
+  Interviewer: G.L. Summer, Newberry, S.C. (6/9/37)
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, June 11, 1937=
+
+=MOM GENIA WOODBERRY=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 89 years=
+
+
+"Glad to see yunnah. Who dese udder wid yah? Who yuh? Lawd, I glad to
+see yunnah. I nu'se aw Miss Susan fust chillun. Ne'er nu'se dem las'uns.
+Sicily been yo' mamma nu'se. Nu'se Massa Ben Gause child fust en den I
+nu'se four head uv Miss Susan chillun a'ter she marry Massa Jim
+Stevenson. Sleep right dere wid dem chillun aw de time. Miss Susan ne'er
+didn't suckle none uv dem chillun. I tell yunnah dis much, Massa Jim
+Stevenson was good to aw uv his colored people en Miss Susan wuz good to
+me. I sho' born right down yonner to Massa Ben Gause plantation. Gade
+Caesar en Mary Gause wuz my parents. Yas'um, I is glad to see dese
+chillun cause yuh know whey white folks hab feeling fa yah, it sho' make
+yuh hab feeling fa dey chillun. I ole now en I can' 'member eve'yt'ing
+but I ain' ne'er forge' wha' good times dem wuz."
+
+"My Lawd! Yas, my Lawd, de peoples lib well dere to Massa Jim Stevenson
+plantation. De white folks hab big house dere wid eve'yt'ing 'bout it
+jes lak uh town. I couldn't tell yunnah how many colored peoples dey hab
+dere but I know dis, I hear em say dere wuz more den two hundred uv em
+dat lib in de quarter. Dey house wuz in uh field offen to itself dere on
+de plantation en wuz strung aw up en down in two long row lak. Dey wuz
+set up in good libin' den."
+
+"Coase I ain' lib dere in de quarter wid de udder colored peoples a'ter
+I ge' big 'nough to be nu'se girl, but I know how dey fare dere. My
+Massa hab uh smoke house full uv meat en uh barn full uv corn aw de time
+en eve'y Friday a'ternoon aw de colored peoples hadder do wuz to go dere
+to de big house en ge' dey share uv meat en 'lasses en corn to las' em
+de whole week. Ne'er hadder worry nuthin 'bout it tall. Dey hab dey
+gristmill right dere whey dey grind dat corn eve'y week. Yah ain' ne'er
+see no sech barn en heap uv meat dese days uz dey hab den. Dem hog
+killin' days wuz big times fa dem plantation peoples. It jes lak I
+tellin' yunnah my Massa gi'e he colored peoples mos' eve't'ing dey hab
+en den he 'low eve'y family to hab uh acre uv land uv dey own to plant.
+Hadder work dat crop in de night. Make light wid fat light'ud stump wha'
+to see by. Dat crop wha' dey buy dey Sunday clothes wid. Ne'er hadder
+hunt no clothes but dey Sunday clothes cause dey hab seamstress right
+dere on de plantation to make aw us udder clothes. Miss Susan larnt Aun'
+Cynthia en Starrah en Tenna to cut en sew dere to de big house en a'ter
+dat dey ne'er do nuthin but make de plantation clothes."
+
+"Aw de colored peoples dere to Miss Susan plantation hab dey certain
+business to go 'bout eve'y day en dey ne'er didn't shirk dat neither.
+Miss Susan ain' 'low fa no slack way 'round whey she was. Dere been
+Yaneyki wha' hadder jes wait on Miss Susan; Becky, de house girl; Aun'
+Hannah, de one wha' cook in de big house; Aun' Dicey, wha' al'ays clean
+up de white folks kitchen; en Sanco, de house boy. Den I wuz de nu'se
+dere fa dem chillun. Ne'er lak it but I ha'e it to do. Hadder stay right
+dere to de big house aw de time. Miss Susan ne'er wouldn't 'low me take
+dem chillun 'way offen no whey en eve'ybody hadder be mindful uv wha'
+dey say 'fore dem chillun too. I 'member dat big ole joggling board dere
+on de front piazza dat I use'er ge' de chillun to sleep on eve'y
+evenin'. I be dere singin' one uv dem baby song to de child en it make
+me hu't lak in me bosom to be wid my ole mammy back up dere in de
+quarter. Coase I ain' le' nobody know dat. Dere ain' nobody ne'er been
+no better den Miss Susan wuz to me. It jes lak dis, I wuz jes uh child
+den en yah know it uh child happiness to be raise up wid dey mammy."
+
+"Den de colored peoples lib mighty peaceful lak dere in de quarter cause
+dey ne'er hadder worry 'bout how nuthin come. My Massa see dat dey hab
+decent libin' aw de time en 'bundance uv eve't'ing dey need. Hadder keep
+'round 'bout dey premises clean up eve'whey. I tellin' yuh, child, my
+white folks wuz 'ticular uv dey colored peoples when dey wuz sick. Dey
+hab big ole me'icine book dat dey take down when one uv dem ge' sick en
+see could dey find wha' wuz good fa dey ailment. Den Miss Susan'ud send
+in de woods en ge' wha' it say mix up fa de remedy en make de me'icine
+right dere to de big house. Miss Susan'ud al'ays doctor de plantation
+peoples en carry em nice basket uv t'ing eve'y time dey wuz sick. Effen
+Miss Susan t'ink dey hab mucha co'plaint, den dey'ud send fa de
+plantation doctor 'bout dere. Annuder t'ing dey ne'er didn't 'low de
+colored girls to work none tall 'fore dey wuz shape lak uh 'oman cause
+dey 'fraid dat might strain dey ne'ves."
+
+"Aw de colored peoples wha' ne'er hab no work to do 'bout de big house
+wuz field hand en dey hadder ge' up at de fust crow uv de cock in de
+morning en go up to de big house en see wha' dey wan' em to do dat day.
+Coase dey eat dey break'ast 'fore dey leab de quarter. Effen de sun look
+lak it wuz gwinna shine, de o'erseer'ud send em in de field to work en
+dey'ud stay in de field aw day till sun up in de evenin'. Carry dey
+basket uv victual en pot 'long wid em en cook right dere in de field.
+Jes put dey peas en bacon in de pot en build up big fire 'bout it close
+whey dey wuz workin' cause eve'y now en den dey hadder push de fire to
+de pot. Den some uv de day dey'ud go in de tatoe patch en dig tatoe en
+roast em in de coals. Effen it wuz uh rainy day, dey ne'er go in de
+field. Shuck corn dat day. Dat wuz how dey done."
+
+"Aw dem wha' work right dere to de big house al'ays wuz fed from Miss
+Susan table to de kitchen. Dere wuz Gran'mudder Phoebe who hadder look
+a'ter eve't'ing 'bout Miss Susan dairy. De plantation peoples'ud bring
+dey gourd eve'y morning en leab it dere to de dairy fa Gran'mudder
+Phoebe to hab fill wid clabber fa em to carry home in de evenin'. Den
+when Gran'mudder Phoebe wuz finish wid aw de churning, she use'er pour
+wha' clabber wuz left o'er in uh big ole wooden tray under uh tree dere
+close to de dairy en call aw dem little plantation chillun dere whey she
+wuz. She gi'e eve'yone uv em uh iron spoon en le' em eat jes uz mucha
+dat clabber uz dey c'n hold. A'ter dat she clean up eve'yt'ing 'bout de
+dairy en den she go to de big house en ge' her dinner. Gran'mudder
+Phoebe say she could set down en eat wid sati'faction den cause she know
+she wuz t'rough wid wha' been her portion uv work dat day."
+
+"Den dere wuz Patience wha' work to de loom house. She help do aw de
+weaving fa de plantation. Weave aw t'rough de winter en aw t'rough de
+summer. She make aw kinder uv pretty streak in de cloth outer de yarn
+dat dey dye right dere on de plantation wid t'ing dat dey ge' outer de
+woods lak walnut wha' make brown, en cedar en sweet gum wha' make
+purple. Den dey make de blue cloth outer dat t'ing dat dey raise right
+dere on de plantation call indigo. Dere some uv dat indigo dat does grow
+up dere on de Sand Hills dis day en time but ain' nobody ne'er worry
+'bout it no more."
+
+"Jes uh little way from de loom house wuz de shoe house whey Uncle
+Lon'on hadder make shoe aw de day. I 'member dey is make aw de
+plantation shoe dere. Make em outer cow hide wha' dey hadder tan fust.
+Jes put de cow hide in uh trough en kiver it aw o'er wid oak en water en
+le' it soak till de hair come offen it. Den dey take it outer dat en
+beat it 'cross uh log hard uz dey c'n till dey ge' it right soft lak.
+A'ter dat ley out de shoe lak dey wan' it en sew it up wid dem long hair
+wha' dey ge' outer de hosses neck. Dat jes de way dey make aw we shoe
+den."
+
+"Minus en Chrissus Gause hab job dere to de gin house. Dey'ud jes put de
+cotton in dat gin en de seed go one way en de lent go de udder way.
+Minus hadder feed de gin en dem udder helper hadder hand de cotton. Den
+Bacchus hadder work de screw dat press de bale togedder. Yunnah chillun
+ain' ne'er see nuthin lak dat dese days. Dem hosses pull dat t'ing round
+en round en dat screw ge' tighter en tighter. Turn out pretty uh bale uv
+cotton us yunnah e'er hear 'bout in no time tall. My Lawd, I 'member dey
+is hab bale uv cotton pile up aw 'bout dat gin house."
+
+"En dey is hab dey own blacksmith shop dere on de place down to de place
+call de big water. Aw dem peoples from plantation aw 'bout come dere fa
+Fortune to mend dey plow en t'ing lak dat."
+
+"Yas'um, plantation peoples hadder go dere to de Ole Neck Chu'ch eve'y
+Sunday. I hear em say dat wuz uh Methodist Chu'ch. Aw dem well to do
+folks hab dey own pew up dere in de front uv de chu'ch wha dey set on
+eve'y Sunday. Dey seat wuz painted pretty lak uh bedstead en den de poor
+peoples set in de middle uv de chu'ch in de yellow kind uv seat. Aw de
+colored peoples hadder set in de blue seat in de back uv de chu'ch.
+Peoples ne'er rank togedder den lak yah see de peoples rank togedder
+dese days. Miss Susan Stevenson en Miss Harriett Woodberry en Miss
+Maggie McWhite wuz de ones wha' pull togedder den. Know dey chillun time
+dey hit dat chu'ch door. C'n tell em by dey skin. My blessed, chillun,
+dere wuz sech uh diffe'ence."
+
+"Dat Ole Neck Chu'ch de same chu'ch wha' yunnah see stand two mile up
+dat road. Dem peoples oughtna hadder move dat chu'ch neither cause it
+been dere long time 'fore dey come heah. Ain' been right to do dat. Dem
+wha' put dat chu'ch dere bury right dere in dat cemetery right 'bout
+whey dey chu'ch wuz en dem udder peoples ain' hab no right to take dey
+chu'ch 'way a'ter dey been gone."
+
+"De peoples ne'er hab no cars lak dese peoples hab 'bout heah now. My
+white folks hab carriage en two big ole white hosses wha' to ride to
+se'vice en whey dey wanna go den. Coase dey ne'er go aw de time lak dese
+peoples does dis day en time. Lawd, dem hosses could pull dat carriage
+too. Dey wuz name Selam en Prince. My Massa en Missus hab seat in de
+back uv de carriage en I hadder set up dere 'tween dem en de driver en
+nu'se dem chillun. Isaac wuz Miss Susan driver en he hab seat aw uv he
+own on de front whey he could mind de hosses. My Lawd, I 'member how I
+did use'er lub to set up dere in Miss Susan carriage."
+
+"Dese peoples dese days don' know nuthin 'bout dem times den. I 'member
+how dey use'er sell de colored peoples offen to annuder plantation some
+uv de time. Man come dere to buy my Gran'mudder a'ter Massa Ben Gause
+die en tell her to open she mouth so he c'n 'xamine her teeth. Say she
+say, 'I won' do it.' Wanna know effen dey wuz sound 'fore he buy her.
+Dat de way dey do when dey sell hosses."
+
+"I 'member when dem Yankees come 'bout dere too. Hear Massa Jim
+Stevenson say dey mus' herry en hide dey va'uables cause de Yankees wuz
+comin' t'rough dere en sweep em out. Dey bury dey silver en dey gold
+watch in de graveyard up in de Beech Field. (De Beech Field wuz de place
+whey de Indian use'er camp long time ago cause de peoples use'er find aw
+kinder bead en arrow head wha' dey left dere.) Den Miss Susan put trunk
+full uv her nice t'ing to de colored peoples house. Ain' been 'fraid de
+Yankees bother em dere. Didn't no Yankees come no whey 'bout dere till
+a'ter freedom 'clare en den two uv em come dere en stay right dere to de
+big house. Dey come to 'vide outer de corn. Hab pile uv corn sot aw
+'bout de born (barn) dere wid name uv de colored peoples stick 'bout in
+eve'y pile."
+
+"Yas'um, I 'member dat aw right. Marry in March dere to my pa house. Us
+ne'er left Massa Jim Stevenson plantation a'ter freedom 'clare. Ne'er
+wanna hunt no better libin' den we hab dere. My Lawd, dere sho' wuz big
+doing 'bout dere when I go' hitch up to Joe Woodberry. Pa kill uh shoat
+en dey bake cake en hab aw kinder ration cook up. I hab pretty dress
+make outer white swiss muslin wha' I marry in en aw dem peoples wuz
+dress up dat evenin'. Dat wuz pretty uh sight uz dere e'er wuz when dey
+ge' to blowing dat cane en knockin' dem stick en dey aw wuz uh jiggin'
+'bout."
+
+"Chillun, seem lak aw de good time gone from heah now. Peoples sho'
+gotta scuffle fa wha' dey hab dis day en time en den effen dey ge' it,
+dere ain' no sati'faction no whey 'bout it. T'ing ain' gwinna do nobody
+no good effen dey gotta worry dey head so mucha 'bout whey de next
+comin' from."
+
+"Good day, honey. Come back 'g'in. Yunnah white en I black, but I lub
+yuh."
+
+
+  _Source_: MOM GENIA WOODBERRY (Eugenia Woodeberry), age
+  89, colored, Britton's Neck, S.C. (Personal interview,
+  June 1937)
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, November 23, 1937=
+
+=JULIA WOODBERRY=
+
+=Ex-Slave, Age ____=
+
+
+"Come in, child. Dis ain' nobody talkin to you from behind dat door, but
+Julia Woodberry. De door unlatch, just turn de handle en come right in
+here whe' you can warm yourself by de stove. I tell my daughter for her
+to take de sick child en walk over dere en make Aun' Liney a visit,
+while I wipe round bout dis stove a little speck. Cose I ain' able to
+scour none much, but seems like dis old stove does keep everything so
+nasty up dat I can' let things bout it get too worser. No, child, I tell
+dese chillun I done seen most all my scourin days, but I think bout I
+would do this little job for Alexa dis mornin en let her put her mind to
+dat child. I say, if I able, I loves to wipe up cause it such a
+satisfaction. It just like dis, dere ain' nothin gwine shine dat floor
+en make it smell like I want it to, but soap en water. I don' like dese
+old stoves nohow. I ain' been raise to dem cause when I come up, de
+olden people didn' think nothin bout puttin no stoves to dey fireplaces.
+Oh, dey would have dese big old open fireplaces en would have de
+grandest kind of fires. My Lord, child, dere wouldn' never be no
+nastiness bout dey fireplace cause de people never didn' burn no coal in
+dem days. Slavery people been burn dese great big oak logs en dey would
+make de finest kind of fires, I say. Yes, mam, I been raise up de
+slavery way en dat how-come I don' want to be noways departin from it."
+
+"Oh, dat was my granddaughter dat had de straw fever. Yes, mam, look
+like she mendin right smart since she been settin up. De straw fever,
+dat what I calls it, but I hear people say it de hay fever. De doctor,
+he just say it de fever, but from de way he give de pills, it point to
+de straw fever. Cose dat what we termed it, but like I tell you, some
+calls it de hay fever. I ain' never hear talk of dat kind of fever till
+dese late years. Yes, mam, she had a little cold en cough some, but not
+much. You see, when she first took down, she took wid a blindness en a
+pain in de stomach at de school en couldn' say nothin. De doctor say de
+fever was bout broke on her den. You see, she had de pain en, I say, dat
+a sign de misery broke on her. But dat child, she lay dere on dat bed
+three weeks en she been mighty weak, mighty weak from de fever. No, mam,
+she ain' have de fever all de time, but dere would come a slow fever dat
+would rise on her every night en eat up what strength she had caught
+durin de day. Cose she ain' never been hearty cause she been havin dis
+fever long bout two years. No, mam, she been test for de T.B.'s in de
+school dis last year en dey say dat she never had none of dat. Alexa
+say she gwine let her get dem shots in time next year. All de school
+chillun took dem last year. Dey tell me dat be to keep diseases down in
+school. Cose I don' know nothin bout it cause I been raise de slavery
+way en dat won' de talk den.
+
+"My mother, she was a freeborn woman. She come from off de sea beach in
+our own country. Her people was dese Chee Indians en she didn' have no
+ways like dese other people bout here. Now, I talkin out of her. Ain'
+talkin out of nobody else, but her. She told me she was born on de sea
+beach en her parents was Chee Indians. Dat what she told us chillun.
+Say, when dey stole her en her brother John, dey come dere in dese big
+old covered wagons en dey stuffed dem way back up in dere en carried dem
+off. Oh, she say, she was a big girl when dey run her down en caught
+her. Like I tell you, I talkin out of her. Her en her brother John was
+out playin one day, near their sea beach home, en first thing dey know,
+dere come one of dem big old covered wagons dere. Say, dey never know
+what to think till dey see dis white man gettin down off de wagon en
+start makin for dem en dey get scared cause dey been learn white man
+won' no friend. Say, dey broke en run, but de man come right after dem
+en grabbed dem up wid his hands en stuffed dem way back up in de covered
+wagon en drove off. She say, she was runnin hard as she could from de
+man. I remember, I heard my mother speak bout dat she didn' reckon her
+mother ever knew whe' dey went. She say, dey cried en cried, but dat
+never do no good. No, mam, de lawyer Phillips stole her. He didn' buy
+her cause she told me dey brought dem right on to his home en put dem
+out dere. Her en her brother John were made house servants in de big
+house en dey went from one to de other in de Phillips' family till after
+freedom come here. Ma, she say dat she fared good en dey didn' ill treat
+her no time, but wouldn' never allow dem to get out de family no more
+durin slavery days. No, mam, she never didn' have no hard time comin up.
+Cose she had to put de white people chillun to bed at night en den she
+could go to parties cross Catfish much as she wanted to, but she would
+have to be back in time to cook dat breakfast next mornin. You see, dey
+was house servants en dey stayed right dere in de lawyer Phillips' house
+all de time. Been raise right down dere in dat grove of cedars cross
+from de jail."
+
+"Well, she didn' say bout dat. No, mam, she didn' have no word bout whe'
+if she liked de white folks livin or no when she first come dere. You
+know, when you in Rome, you has to do as Rome do. Reckon dat de way de
+poor creature took it. No, child, she didn' tell us nothin bout her home
+no more den dat she was born a Chee Indian. Yes, mam, my blessed old
+mother told me dat a thousand times."
+
+"My God, my God, child, I couldn' never forget my old mother's face. She
+bore a round countenance all de time wid dese high cheek bones en
+straight hair. I talkin out of her now. Yes, mam, can see Ma face dere
+fore my eyes right now. It de blessed truth, my old mother didn' have no
+common ways bout her nowhe'. I don' know whe' it true or no, but de
+people used to say I took after my mother. I recollects, when I would be
+workin round de white folks, dey would ax me how-come I been have dem
+kind of way bout me what was different from de other colored people. You
+know, de Indians, dey got curious ways. My mother, she wouldn' never
+take a thing from nobody en she was sharp to pick a fight. Yes, mam, she
+was quick as dat. (Slaps her hands together.) Been fast gettin insulted.
+Anybody make her mad, she would leave away from dem en dey wouldn' see
+her no more in a month or two. Hear boss say dat she was quick
+tempered."
+
+"Well, child, dat bout all I can know to speak bout dis mornin. You see,
+some days I can get my 'membrance back better den I can on another day.
+I say, I gwine get my mind fixed up wid a heap to tell you de next time
+you come here en if you ain' come back, I gwine try en get round dere to
+your house. God bless you, honey."
+
+
+  _Source_: Julia Woodberry, Ex-Slave, Age 70-80, Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview by Annie R. Davis, Nov., 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, November 30, 1937=
+
+=JULIA WOODBERRY=
+
+=Ex-Slave, Age= ____
+
+
+"Oh, my God a mercy, child, dat been a time when dat shake come here. I
+tell you, dat been somethin. I sho remember all bout dat cause I been a
+grown woman de year dat earthquake come here. Yes, mam, I gwine tell it
+to you just like I experience it. We had all just been get over wid us
+supper en little things dat night en I had washed Auntie en Mr. Rowell's
+feet for dem to lie down en dere come such a sketch of clouds from over
+in dat direction dat I never know what to make of it. Auntie en Mr.
+Rowell never know what to make of it neither. I remember, I run out to
+help my sister dat been out to de paddlin block en, honey, you ain'
+never live to see no black cloud like dat been. I washed a piece through
+en den I left off en went back in de house en set down by de fire to dry
+my feet. I set dere awhile en seems like somethin just speak right out
+de fire, bout dat time, en tell me to move my feet dat I was in bad
+shape. En, child, it de truth of mercy, dere come a big clog of dirt out
+dat chimney en drap (drop) right down in de spot whe' my foot was. I run
+to Auntie en Mr. Rowell to see could dey tell what dat was, but dey been
+in just as much darkness as I been. I look up en seems like de loft had
+lowered itself en could hear a roarin for miles en miles bout dere en
+could hear de people hollerin every which a way. Yes, mam, could hear
+dem hollerin miles en on top of miles bout dere. My God, dem people was
+scared to lie down dat night en such a prayin en a shoutin as everybody
+do dat night, I ain' never see de like fore den. Ain' see de like since
+den neither. Next mornin, I go to work for de white folks en dey all go
+off dat mornin en I tell you, I was scared bout to death in dat big
+house by myself. I remember, I left out de house en been out in de
+'tatoe patch grabblin 'tatoes right along en when I raise up, dat thing
+was comin down dat 'tatoe row just a whirlin en a makin right for me.
+Yes, mam, I been so scared. I ain' see whe' I is grow a bit since de
+shake. I tell you, I thought it was de Jedgment. Den we hear dere was
+gwine be another earthquake, but de people get on dey knees en dey stay
+on dey knees en it never come here dat time. Dat one was in another
+state, so dey tell me. I hear talk dat all de earth caved in en you
+could see de people down dere, but couldn' nobody get dem. Some people
+say dat been de devil do dat, but I tell dem de devil ain' had no such
+power. De Lord been de power dat bring dat shake here, I say."
+
+"Oh, Lord, de people sho fared better in dat day en time den dey do dese
+days. Cose dey didn' have a heap of different kind of trashy things like
+dey have dese days, but dey had a plenty to eat en a plenty to wear all
+de time en den everything was better in dem times, too. Now, I speak
+bout what I know bout. De rations eat better en de cloth wear better,
+too, in dem days den dey do now. You see, mostly, de people would make
+dey own provisions at home. White folks would raise abundance of hogs en
+cows to run all dey big plantation from one year to de other. Wouldn'
+never clear out of meat no time cause de stock been let loose to run at
+large in dem days. De most dat dey bought was dey sugar en dey coffee,
+but dem what was industrious en smart, dey made most dey victuals at
+home. Made dey own rice en winnowed it right dere home. Oh, dey had one
+of dese pestle en mortar to beat it out. Yes, mam, de pestle been big at
+one end an little at de other end. Den dey would raise turkeys en geese
+en chickens en dere wasn' no end to de birds en squirrels en rabbits en
+fish in dat day en time. Dat is, dem what cared for demselves, dey had
+all dem things. Cose dere was some den like dere be now dat been too
+lazy to work en dey hand was empty all de time. I remember, dem
+poorbuckras would just go bout from one house to another en catch
+somethin here, dere en yonder."
+
+"Den de people never wore none of dese kind of clothes like de people
+wear dese days neither. When a person got a dress den, dey made it
+demselves en dey made dey own underskirts den, too. You see, all dese
+underskirts en bloomers like de people does buy dese days, dey didn'
+have nothin like dat den. Used to put 10 yard in a dress en 10 yards in
+a underskirt en would tuck dem clean up to dey waist. En, child, when
+dey would iron dat dress, it would stand up in de floor just like dere
+been somebody in it. When I say iron, I talkin bout de people would iron
+den, too. Yes, mam, when I come along, de people been take time to iron
+dey garments right. Oh, dey clothes would be just as slick as glass.
+Won' a wrinkle nowhe' bout dem. Another thing, dey used to have dese
+dove colored linen dusters dat dey would wear over dey dress when dey
+would ride to church. Den when dey went in de church, dey would pull dem
+off en put dem on again when dey started home. Dey was made sort of like
+a coat suit, except dey was a little fuller en would come clean down to
+de tail of de dress. You see, dey was meant to protect de dress while
+dey was gwine along de road."
+
+"De world sho gwine worser dese days, honey. Oh, Lord, de people worser.
+Yes, mam, dey worser, I say. Dey ain' got de mother wit. Dey weaker en
+dey wiser, I say, but dey ain' got de mother wit. Can' set down en talk
+to de people dese days en dey take dat what you got to say in like dey
+used to. En de people don' take de time to teach de chillun to know
+good things like dey used to en dat how-come dey have more time to get
+in so much of devilment dese days. Yes, mam, de people used to have more
+chillun en dey raised dem, too. Chillun know more den grown people do
+dese days, I say. People used to know how to carry demselves en take
+care of demselves more den dey do now. Seems like, de people more
+rattlin en brazen den what dey used to be."
+
+
+  _Source_: Julia Woodberry, colored, Marion, S.C.--Age, 70-80.
+  Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Nov., 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, November 5, 1937=
+
+=JULIA WOODBERRY=
+
+=Ex-Slave, Age ____=
+
+
+"Well, I can speak bout what I used to hear my auntie en my mammy en my
+grandmammy talk bout what happen in dey day, but I never didn' live in
+slavery time. My mammy, she been broke her leg long time fore freedom
+come here en I remember she tell me often times, say, 'Julia, you didn'
+lack much of comin here a slavery child.' Honey, I mean she been in de
+family way right sharp fore freedom come here.
+
+"My mammy, she was raise right down dere to de other side de jail to de
+'Cedars'. You know dere whe' all dem cedars round dat house what bout to
+fall down. She belong to de lawyer Phillips dere en he wouldn' never
+allow her to get out de family. She had been a free woman fore he had
+stole her off de sea beach to be his house woman. Yes, mam, stole my
+mammy en uncle John, too, off de sea beach, but uncle John went back
+after freedom come here. My mammy, she been raise from just a child to
+be de house woman dere to de lawyer Phillips en she never didn' know
+nothin bout choppin cotton till her last baby been bout knee high.
+
+"I remember how my mammy used to tell me bout dat de colored people won'
+allowed to go from one plantation to another widout dey had a 'mit
+(permit) from dey Massa. Yes, mam, all de niggers had to have dat strip
+somewhat bout dem to keep from gettin a beatin. Couldn' leave dey home
+widout showin dat 'mit from dey Massa. You see, de nigger men would
+want to go to see dey wives en dey would have to get a 'mit from dey
+Massa to visit dem. Cose dey wouldn' live together cause dey wives would
+be here, dere en yonder. It been like dis, sometimes de white folks
+would sell de wife of one of dey niggers way from dey husband en den
+another time, dey would sell de husband way from dey wife. Yes, mam,
+white folks had dese guard, call patroller, all bout de country to catch
+en whip dem niggers dat been prowl bout widout dat strip from dey Massa.
+I remember I hear talk dey say, 'Patroller, Patroller, let nigger pass.'
+Dey would say dat if de nigger had de strip wid dem en if dey didn' have
+it, dey say, 'Patroller, Patroller, cut nigger slash.'"
+
+"Child, I tell you dat been a day to speak bout. When I come along, de
+women never vote, white nor colored, en it been years since I see a
+colored person vote, but I remember dey been gwine to vote in dat day en
+time just like dey was gwine to a show. Oh, honey, de road would be full
+of dem. Dey had to vote. Remember, way back dere, everybody would be
+singin en a dancin when dey had de election:
+
+    'Hancock ride de big gray horse,
+    Hampton ride de mule,
+    Hancocks got elected,
+    Buckras all turn fool.
+    Buggety, buggety, buggety etc.'"
+
+"White en black was all in a row dere dancin all night long. Ain' made
+no exception."
+
+"I hear talk dat when freedom come here, de niggers was just turn loose
+to make dey livin de best way dey could. Say dat some of de white folks
+give dey niggers somethin to go on en some of dem didn' spare dem
+nothin. Dey tell me old Sherman didn' come through dis section of de
+country, but he sent somebody to divide out de things like so much corn
+en so much meat to de colored people. Now, I talkin bout dat what I hear
+de old people say. Put everything in Ben Thompson hand to deal out de
+colored people share to dem. Yes, mam, he was de one had de chair. Talk
+bout Sherman give Ben Thompson de chair, sayin what I hear de old people
+say. I don' know exactly how it was, it been so long since de old people
+talk wid me. Dat it, it been so long till God knows, I forgot."
+
+"Well, I used to know a heap of dem songs dat I hear my auntie en my
+grandmammy sing dere home when I was comin up. Let me see, child, dey
+was natural born song too.
+
+    'I got somethin to tell you,
+    Bow-hoo, oo-hoo, oo-hoo.
+    I got somethin to tell you,
+    Bow-hoo, oo-hoo, oo-hoo.
+    In a bow-hoo, oo-oo-hoo.
+
+    Way cross de ocean,
+    'Mongst all dem nation,
+    Massa Jesus promise me,
+    He gwine come by en by,
+    He gwine come by en by.
+
+    Dere many miles round me,
+    De curried be so bold,
+    To think dat her son, Jesus,
+    Could write widout a pen,
+    Could write widout a pen.
+
+    De very next blessin dat Mary had,
+    She had de blessin of two,
+    To think dat her son, Jesus,
+    Could bring de crooked to straight,
+    Could bring de crooked to straight.'"
+
+"Dat was my auntie's grandmother Eve piece way back yonder in slavery
+time. Dat was her piece."
+
+"It just like I tellin you, dat been a day to speak bout. I remember
+when dey used to spin en weave all de cloth right dere home. Yes, mam, I
+wore many a wove dress to church. Dey would get dis here indigo en all
+kind of old bark out de woods en boil it in de pot wid de yarn en make
+de prettiest kind of colors. Den dey would take dat colored yarn en
+weave all kind of pretty streaks in de cloth. Dey would know just as
+good how many yards of dat thread it would take to make so much of
+cloth."
+
+"Yes, mam, I know dere been better livin long time ago den dere be now.
+Know it cause I didn' never have no worryations no time when I was comin
+up. My God, child, I couldn' make a support today if I know my neck had
+to be hung on de gallows. No, mam, dis here a sin cussed world de people
+livin in dis day en time."
+
+
+  _Source_: Julia Woodberry, colored, Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, October-November, 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Code No.=
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, November 16, 1937=
+
+=JULIA WOODBERRY=
+
+=Ex-Slave, Age ____=
+
+
+"No, mam, I ain' thought bout nothin no more to tell you. Death been in
+de family en seems like I just been so worried up wid my daughter sick
+in de house dere wid de straw fever. De doctor, he say it de fever en
+dat all we know, but it acts like de straw fever all up en down. I tell
+dem chillun dere de other night dat I would have to go back en get my
+mind fixed up wid somethin to speak bout fore you come here another
+time. Yes, mam, have to get my mind together somewhe' or another."
+
+"I been born down dere in Britton's Neck, but most my days was lived up
+to Mr. Jim Brown's place to Centenary. My father, he was name Friday
+Woodberry en my mother, she come from off de sea beach in slavery time,
+so she told me. Say dat her old Massa stole her en her brother John,
+too, from off de sea beach. When freedom come here, her brother John
+went back to de sea beach, but my mother say dat she won' in no shape to
+go back. She went from family to family till after freedom was declared
+en her white folks wouldn' never have her ill-treated neither en wouldn'
+never let nobody else have her no time. When she was let loose from de
+white people, she went to Britton's Neck wid a colored woman. You see,
+she was a stranger to de country bout dere fore freedom come en she
+been know dat woman en dat how-come she went wid her. I mean she didn'
+know de people bout dere cause de white folks didn' allow dey colored
+people to go bout much in slavery time. Couldn' go nowhe' widout dey had
+a ticket wid dem. She stayed dere in Britton's Neck till Pa died en den
+she come back up here to Marion to live, but her white people was
+scattered all bout den."
+
+"No, mam, I ain' never marry cause you had to court on de sly in dat day
+en time. I tell you, I come through de devil day when I come along. I
+was learned to work by de old, old slavery way en, honey, I say dat I
+just as soon been come through slavery day as to come under a tight
+taskmassa dat was colored. Yes, mam, if I never did a thing right, my
+dress was over my head en I was whipped right dere. I was engaged by
+letter, but dey kept me under dey foot so close till I never didn' slip
+de hay. I remember, I was stayin dere wid Mary Jane Rowell en she kept
+me cowed down so worser, I never couldn' do nothin."
+
+"I tell you, I been a grown girl dere when I leave Mary Jane Rowell's
+house en go to cookin en a washin for Miss (Mrs.) Louise Brown. Yes,
+child, I love Miss Louise Brown to dis very day cause she been just like
+a mother to me. Yes, mam, Miss Brown was just as good to me as she could
+be. Mr. Jim Brown, he give me a house dere on his plantation to live in
+just to do de house work to de big house, but seems like de other
+colored people on de plantation would be tryin to down me most all de
+time cause I was workin ahead of dem. I know I would go dere to work
+many a mornin cryin, from what dem niggers been mouthin bout me, en Miss
+Brown would cry right along wid me. I tell you, Miss Brown was a tender
+hearted woman, so to speak bout. I tell Miss Brown, 'Carolina say I
+stole a towel off de line.' En Miss Brown say, 'Julia, if dere a towel
+gone off dat line, I know whe' it gone.' No, child, I ain' never think
+bout to lay no shame on dese hands. White folks been used to leave money
+all bout whe' I bresh (brush) en dust en I ain' never had no mind to
+touch it no time. Yes, mam, I been through a day since I come here.
+Erelong I move out Mary Jane Rowell's house, I been in white people
+house. If it ain' one class, it another. De very day dat Dr. Dibble been
+pronounce me to de hospital, dey come after me to wait on a woman. Yes,
+mam, Julia Woodberry ain' beat de state no time. Oh, I tell you, it de
+God truth, I has done every kind of work in my life. Me en my three
+chillun dere run a farm just like a man. Why, honey, you ain' know I had
+three girls? Yes, mam, dem chillun been born en bred right dere in de
+country to Centenary."
+
+"I hear people talkin bout dat thing call conjurin, but I don' know what
+to say dat is. It somethin I don' believe in. Don' never take up no
+time wid dat cause it de devil's work. Dat de olden talk en I don' think
+nothin bout dat. Don' want nobody round me dat believes in it neither.
+Don' believe in it. Don' believe in it cause dat en God spirit don' go
+together. I hear talk dat been belong to de devil, but I was so small, I
+couldn' realize much what to think cause dat what you hear in dem days,
+you better been hear passin. No, mam, dey knock chillun down in dat day
+en time dat dey see standin up lookin in dey eyes to hear. I has heard
+people say dat dey could see spirits, but I don' put no mind to dat no
+time. I believe dat just a imagination cause when God get ready to take
+you out dis world, you is gone en you gone forever, I say. Don' believe
+in no hereafter neither cause dey say I been born wid veil over my face
+en if anybody could see spirits, I ought to could. I know I has stayed
+in houses dat people say was hanted plenty times en I got to see my
+first hant yet. Yes, mam, I do believe in de Bible. If I hadn' believed
+in de Bible, I wouldn' been saved. Dere obliged to be a hereafter
+accordin to de Bible. Dere obliged to be a hereafter, I say. I can'
+read, but I talkin what I hear de people say. Dat a infidel what don'
+believe dere a hereafter."
+
+"How-come I know all dat, I was raise up wid de old people. Come along
+right behind de old race en I would be dere listenin widout no ears en
+seein widout no eyes. Yes, mam, I took what I hear in, lady, en I ain'
+been just now come here. I been here a time. Dat de reason I done wid de
+world. God knows I is done. I is done. I recollects, way back yonder, Pa
+would sing:
+
+    'Dey ain' had no eyes for to see,
+    Dey ain' had no teeth for to eat,
+    En dey had to let de corncake go,
+    Gwine whe' all de good niggers go.'"
+
+"Dat was my father's piece dat he used to sing in slavery time. Dat
+right cause I can remember back more so den I can forward."
+
+
+  _Source_: Julia Woodberry, colored, age--about 70 to 75.,
+  Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview by Annie Ruth Davis, Nov., 1937.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885 -1-=
+ =District #4=
+ =Spartanburg, S.C.=
+ =June 1, 1937=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =E. Fronde Kennedy=
+
+=FOLK-LORE: EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+While looking for an ex-slave in a certain part of Spartanburg this
+morning, I was directed across the street to "an old man who lives
+there". I knocked at the door but received no answer. Then I noticed an
+old man walking around by the side of the house. He was tall and
+straight, standing about 6 feet 2 inches. He said that his name was
+George Wood and that he was 78 years of age.
+
+He stated that he was born during slavery, and lived on Peter Sepah's
+place in York County. Peter Sepah's farm, where he was born, was near
+the North Carolina line; it consisted of approximately 200 acres. His
+parents were named Dan and Sarah Wood. His mother was given to old man
+Sepah by his father as a wedding present, and his grandfather had been
+given to an older Sepah by his parent as a wedding present. He said it
+was the custom in slavery times that a slave be given to the son or
+daughter by the white people when they got married.
+
+He was too young to work, but about the time the war was over, he was
+allowed to drive the horses that pulled the thrasher of wheat. His
+master used to walk around and around while the wheat was being
+thrashed, and see that everybody was doing their work all right. His
+father lived on another plantation. There was only one family of slaves
+on the whole plantation. He, his mother, and five children lived in a
+one-room log cabin about 30 or 40 feet from the "big house". Their beds
+consisted of straw mattresses. They had plenty to eat, having the same
+food that the white folks did. They ate ash cakes mostly for bread, but
+once a week they had biscuits to eat. When the wheat was thrashed, they
+had biscuits mostly for breakfast; but as the wheat got scarcer they did
+not have much wheat to eat. He said that Buffalo Creek flowed pretty
+close to their place and that the creek emptied into Broad River.
+Shelby, N.C., their market, was about ten miles distant. He thinks that
+it was easier then than now to get something to eat.
+
+The log cabin where he and his mother lived was kept comfortably warm in
+the winter time. All they had to do, was to go to the wood-pile and get
+all the wood they needed for the fire. His mother worked on the farm,
+washed clothes and helped with the cooking at his master's house. The
+slaves stopped work every Saturday afternoon about three o'clock; then
+his mistress would have his mother to patch their clothes, as she did
+not like to see their clothes needing patching. "We used to have lots of
+fun," he said, "more than the children do now. As children, we used to
+play marbles around the house; but no other special game."
+
+Uncle George said that the patrollers saw that the colored people were
+in their houses at 8 o'clock every night. "They would come to the house
+and look in; of course, if a man had a pass to another plantation or
+some place, that was all right; or if he had some business somewhere.
+But everybody had to be in the house by 8 o'clock." He also stated that
+if a slave strayed off the plantation and didn't have a pass, if he
+could out-run the "pateroller" and get back upon his own place, then he
+was all right. The only slave he ever saw get a whipping, was one who
+had stayed out after hours; then a switch was used on him by a
+"pateroller". He said he never saw any slaves in chains or treated
+badly, for his master was a good man, and so was his "Missus". One day
+his mother went to a church that was not her own church. On coming back,
+she saw a "pateroller" coming behind her. She began to run, and he did
+too; but as he caught up with her, she stepped over a fence on her
+master's place and dared the "pateroller" to do anything to her. He
+didn't do a thing and would not get over the fence where she was, as he
+would have been on somebody's place besides his own.
+
+He said that when the corn-shucking time came, both whites and blacks
+would gather at a certain plantation. Everybody shucked corn, and they
+all had a good time. When the last ear of corn was shucked, the owner of
+the plantation would begin to run from the place and all would run after
+him. When they caught him, he was placed on the shoulders of two men and
+carried around and around the house, all singing and laughing and having
+a good time. Then they would carry the man into his house, pull off his
+hat and throw it into the fire; place him in a chair; comb his head;
+cross his knees for him and leave him alone. They would not let him
+raise a second crop under his old hat--he had to have a new hat for a
+new crop. Then they would all, colored and white, gather to eat. The
+owner of the farm would furnish plenty to eat; sometimes he would have
+some whiskey to drink, but not often, "as that was a dangerous thing to
+have".
+
+He said that if a man who was chewing or smoking met a woman, he would
+throw his tobacco away before talking with the woman.
+
+There was plenty of fruit in those days, so brandy was made and put into
+barrels in the smoke-house; and the same way they had plenty of corn,
+and would put up a still and put the whiskey they made into barrels.
+
+People in those days, he said, had "manners". The white and colored
+folks would have their separate sections in the church where they sat.
+"I've seen a white man make another white man get up in church and give
+his place to a colored man when the church was crowded." He said his
+father was baptized by Rev. Dixon, father of Tom Dixon, who was a
+Baptist preacher. His mother was sprinkled by a Methodist white
+preacher, but he was baptized by a colored preacher.
+
+Asked about marriages among the slaves, he said the ceremony was
+performed by some "jack-legged" colored preacher who pronounced a few
+words and said they were man and wife.
+
+He said the colored people did not know much about Jeff Davis or Abraham
+Lincoln except what they heard about them. All that he remembered was a
+song that his Missus used to sing:
+
+    "Jeff Davis rides a big gray horse,
+    Lincoln rides a mule;
+    Jeff Davis is a fine old man,
+    And Lincoln is a fool."
+
+Another song was:
+
+    "I'll lay $10 down and number them one by one,
+    As sure as we do fight 'em,
+    The Yankees will run."
+
+One day his "Missus" came to their house and told his mother they were
+free and could go anywhere they wanted to, but she hoped they would
+stay on that year and help them make a crop. He said his mother just
+folded her hands and put her head down and "studied". She decided to
+stay on that year. The next year, they moved to another plantation,
+where they stayed for twenty years.
+
+"Before they were free, every colored man took the name of his master,
+but afterwards, I took my father's name."
+
+He said that the Yankee soldiers did not come to their place, but they
+were ready for them if they had come. The silver was buried out in the
+lot, and stable manure was piled and thrown all about the spot. The two
+good horses were taken off and hidden, but the old horse his master
+owned was left. He said that sometimes a Confederate soldier would come
+by riding an old horse, and would want to trade horses with his master.
+Sometimes his master would trade, for he thought his horse would be
+taken anyway. His master would never get anything "to boot", as the
+soldier didn't have the "to boot" when the trade was made. So the
+soldier would ride off the horse, leaving the poor, broken-down one
+behind. Sometimes after the war, the Confederate soldiers would come by
+the house, sick, wounded and almost starved; but his mistress would fix
+something to eat for them; then they would go on.
+
+"'Possum and 'taters were plentiful then. When a slave wanted to go
+hunting, he could go; but we had to work then--nobody works now." He
+said that on rainy days, his mother did not have to go to the field, but
+stayed at home and sewed or carded. He said that after freedom came to
+the slaves, he worked on a farm for $5.00 a month. After he had been on
+the farm for many years, he heard that Spartanburg was on a boom, so he
+came here and worked at railroading for many more years. He has quit
+work now; but still does a little gardening for some white folks. He
+said that the white people in the South understand the colored people.
+
+When asked if he had ever seen a ghost, he replied that he had never
+seen one and had never seen a person who had. "I don't believe in those
+things anyhow," he said. He also stated he had never heard of anybody
+being "conjured" either. He said that all the niggers in his section
+were scared of the niggers from way down in South Carolina, for their
+reputation as conjurers was against them, so they always fought shy of
+them and didn't have anything to do with the "niggers from way down in
+South Carolina".
+
+
+  SOURCE: George Woods, 337 N. View St., Spartanburg, S.C.
+  Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+  =Project #1655=
+  =W.W. Dixon=
+  =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=ALECK WOODWARD,=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE--83 YEARS._=
+
+
+"You knows de Simonton place, Mr. Wood? Well, dats just where I was born
+back yonder befo' de war, a slave of old Marster Johnnie Simonton. Five
+miles sorter south sunset side of Woodward Station where you was born,
+ain't it so? My pappy was Ike Woodward, but him just call 'Ike' time of
+slavery, and my mammy was name Dinah. My brother Charlie up north, if he
+ain't dead, Ike lives in Asheville, North Carolina. Two sisters: Ollie,
+her marry an Aiken, last counts, and she and her family in Charlotte,
+North Carolina; sister Mattie marry a Wilson nigger, but I don't know
+where they is.
+
+"Us lived in a four-room log house, 'bout sixteen all told. Dere was
+pappy and mammy (now you count them) gran'pappy, Henry Davis, Gran'mammy
+Kisana, Aunt Anna, and her seven chillun, and me, and my two brothers
+and two sisters. How many make dat? Seventeen? Well, dat's de number
+piled in dere at night in de beds and on de floors. They was scandlous
+beds; my God, just think of my grands, old as I is now, tryin' to sleep
+on them hard beds and other folks piled 'scriminately all over de log
+floors! My Gran'pappy Henry was de carpenter, and old marster tell him
+'if you make your beds hard, Henry, 'member you folks got to sleep on
+them.'
+
+"I was just a little black feller, running 'round most of de time in my
+shirt tail, but I recollect pickin' cotton, and piddling 'round de
+woodpile, fetchin' in wood for white house and chips and kindling to
+fresh up de fires. Us had plenty to eat, 'cause us killed thirty-five
+hogs at a time, and de sausages and lights us did was a sight. Then de
+lard us made, and de cracklin' bread, why, I hungers for de sight of
+them things right now. Us niggers didn't get white flour bread, but de
+cracklin' bread was called on our place, 'de sweet savor of life.'
+
+"Money? Us had eyes to see and ears to hear, but us just hear 'bout it,
+never even seen money.
+
+"My marster had a fish pond, signs of it dere yet.
+
+"My white folks attended church at Concord Presbyterian Church. Us went
+dere too, and us set up in de gallery. Yes, they asked us. De preacher
+asked us to jine in some of de hymns, especially 'De Dyin' Thief' and
+'De Fountain Filled Wid Blood,' and dat one 'bout 'Mazing Grace How
+Sweet de Sound Dat Save a Wretch Like us.'
+
+"Our young Marster Charlie went off to de war, got killed at Second Bull
+Run. Marster Watt went and got a leg shot off somewheres. Marster Jim
+went and got killed, Johnnie too, Marster Robert was not old enough to
+carry a gun.
+
+"De young mistresses was Mary and Martha. Marster John, old mistress and
+all of them mighty good to us, especially when Christmas come and then
+at times of sickness. They send for de doctor and set up wid you, such
+tendin' to make you love them. When de Yanks come us all plead for
+Marster John and family, and de house not to be burnt. De house big, had
+ten rooms, big plantation, run fifteen plows.
+
+"You ask 'bout was dere any poor white folks 'round? Not many, but I
+'members old Miss Sallie Carlisle weaved and teached de slaves how it
+was done. Marster give her a house to live in, and a garden spot on de
+place, good woman. She show me how to spin and make ball thread, little
+as I was. Marster John had over fifty slaves, and they worked hard, sun
+up to sun down. It's a wonder but I never got a whippin'.
+
+"Did I ever see a ghost? Mr. Wood, I seen sumpin' once mighty strange, I
+was gwine to see a gal Nannie, on de widow Mobley place, and had to pass
+'tween two graveyards, de white and de colored. She was de daughter of
+Rev. Richard Cook. When I was just 'bout de end of de white graveyard, I
+saw two spirits dressed in white. I run all de way to de gal's house and
+sob when I got dere. I laid my head in her lap and told her 'bout de
+spirits and how they scared me. I still weepin' wid fear, and she
+console me, rub my forehead and soothed me. When I got quiet, I asked
+her some day to be my wife, and dat's de gal dat come to be years after,
+my wife. Us walk to church hand and hand ever afterwards, and one day
+Preacher Morris, white man, made us husband and wife. I 'members de song
+de white folks sung dat day. 'Hark from de tomb a doleful sound'. Don't
+you think dat a wrong song to sing on a weddin' day? 'Joy to de World,'
+was in our heart and dat tune would have been more 'propriate, seems to
+me.
+
+"Marster John give de slaves every other Saturday after dinner in busy
+seasons, and every Saturday evening all other weeks. Us had two doctors,
+Doctor Brice at first, and when he git old, us had Doctor Lurkin.
+
+"Was glad when marster called us up and told us we was free. De Yankees
+made a camp on de Doctor Brice place, and foraged de country all 'round.
+They made me run after chickens and I had to give up my onliest blue hen
+dat I had. My pappy was took off by them to Raleigh, wid dat I 'member,
+was de saddest day of slavery time.
+
+"Nannie and me, under de providence of de Lord Jehovah, has had three
+chillun to live, and they have chillun too. I owns my own home and land
+enough to live on, though it is hard to make both ends meet some years.
+
+"How I got my name, you ask dat? Well, after freedom us niggers had to
+come to Winnsboro and register. Us talk 'bout it by de fireside what us
+would lak. When us come, Marster Henry Gaillard had a big crowd of
+Gaillard niggers 'bout him beggin' for names. One of them say, 'Marster
+Henry, I don't want no little name, I wants big soundin' name.' Marster
+Henry write on de paper, then he read: 'Your name is Mendozah J.
+Fernandez, hope dats big enough for you.' De little nigger dwarf seem
+powerful pleased and stepped to de register. De rest of us spoke to
+Captain Gaillard and he said no better name than Woodward, so us took
+dat name. Its been a kind of a 'tection to us at times, and none of our
+immediate family has ever dragged it in a jail or chaingang, Bless God!
+and I hope us never will."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #1655=
+ =W.W. Dixon=
+ =Winnsboro, S.C.=
+
+=MARY WOODWARD=
+
+=_EX-SLAVE 83 YEARS OLD._=
+
+
+"I knows you since you 'bout dis high (indicating). When was it? Where I
+see you? I see you at your auntie's house. Dat was your auntie, Miss
+Roxie Mobley, other side of Blackstock. You was in a little dress dat
+day, look lak a gal. Oh! Lordy, dat been a long time! What us has come
+thru since dat day and de days befo' dat, beyond freedom.
+
+"I was born a slave of old Marster Adam Berber, near de Catawba River
+side de county, in 1854. I's a mighty small gal but I 'members when
+pappy got his leg broke at de gin-house dat day, in de Christmas week.
+Seem lak dat was de best Christmas I ever had. White folks comin' and a
+gwine, loadin' de bed down wid presents for pappy and mammy and me.
+
+"What my pappy name? He was name Joe and mammy go by Millie. Both b'long
+to Marster Adam and Miss Nellie. Dat was her name and a lovely mistress
+she be in dat part of de country. Her was sure pretty, walk pretty, and
+act pretty. 'Bout all I had to do in slavery time was to comb her hair,
+lace her corset, pull de hem over her hoop and say, 'You is served,
+mistress!' Her lak them little words at de last.
+
+"They have no chillun and dat was a grief to her more than to Marster
+Adam. Him comfort her many times 'bout it and 'low it was his fault.
+Then they 'spute 'bout it. Dats all de rumpus ever was 'twixt them. I
+'spects if they had had chillun they wouldn't have been so good to me.
+What you reckon? They give me dolls and laugh at de way I name them,
+talk to them and dress them up.
+
+"When de Yankees come, I was a settin' in de swing in de front yard.
+They ride right up and say: 'Where your mistress?' I say: 'I don't
+know.' They say: 'You is lyin'. Give her a few lashes and us'll find
+out.' Another say: 'No, us come to free niggers, not to whip them.' Then
+they ask me for to tell them where de best things was hid. I say: 'I
+don't know sir.' Then they ransack de house, bust open de smoke house,
+take de meat, hams, shoulders, 'lasses barrel, sugar, and meal, put them
+in a four-horse wagon, set de house, gin-house and barn afire and go on
+toward Rocky Mount. Our neighbors then, was Marster Aaron Powell and
+Sikes Gladden, on Dutchman Creek.
+
+"After freedom I marry Alf Woodward. Us had chillun. How many? Let me
+see; Eli still alive, don't know where he is though. Rosa dead; Susannah
+live now on Miss Sara Lord's place, up dere near Metford. De rest of de
+chillun went off to Arkansas 'bout 1885, and us never heard from them.
+
+"I forgot to tell you dat when de Yankees come and find me a settin' in
+dat swing, I had on a string of beads dat Miss Nellie give to me. Them
+rascals took my beads off my neck, and what you reckon they did wid
+them? Well, if you doesn't know, I does. De scamps, dat is one of them
+did, took my lovely beads and put them 'round his horse's neck and ride
+off wid them, leavin' me sobbin' my life out in dat swing. They say you
+must love your enemies and pray for them dat spitefully use you but I
+never have pray for dat Yankee scamp to dis day. Although I's Scotch
+Irish African 'Sociate Reform Presbyterian, de spirit have never moved
+me to pray for de horse and rider dat went off wid my beads dat my
+mistress give me. When I tell Marster William Woodward, my husband's old
+marster, 'bout it, him say: 'De low dirty skunk, de Lord'll take
+vengeance on him.' Marster William give Alf a half a dollar and tell him
+to git me another string of beads, though Alf never done so.
+
+"Alf was Marster William's coachman and him and Wade Pichett, dat was a
+slave of Marster William, took fifteen mules, when de Yankees come, and
+carried them in de Wateree swamps and stayed dere and saved them. Every
+time Alf or Wade see Marster William, as de years comed and goed, they
+fetched up de subject of them mules and git sumpin' from him. One day he
+laugh and say: 'Look here Alf, I done 'bout pay for sixteen mules and
+dere was but fifteen in de drove.' Alf laugh but he always got way wid
+it when he see any of de Woodward white folks. Well I's glad to go now,
+though I has 'joyed bein' wid you. De Lord bless you and keep you."
+
+
+
+
+ =Project, 1885-(1)=
+ =Prepared by Annie Ruth Davis=
+ =Place, Marion, S.C.=
+ =Date, September 15, 1937=
+
+=PAULINE WORTH=
+
+=Ex-Slave, 79 Years=
+
+
+"Yes'um, I know I been here in slavery time, but wasn' large enough to
+do nothin in dat day en time. I reach 79 de first day of November. To be
+certain dat how old I is, Miss Betty Evans give me my direct age here de
+other day. She know who I am cause I was raise near bout in de same yard
+dat she was raise in. Mr. Telathy Henry family was my white folks.
+Yes'um, I was raise right here in dis town. Ain' never been nowhere else
+but Marion."
+
+"I was small den, but I remembers my old Missus. I sho remembers her all
+right. My old boss, he died. I can' remember nothin much bout dem times
+only I recollects when my old Missus used to get after me en whip me, I
+would run under de house. Didn' want to sweep de yard en dat how-come
+she get after me wid a switch. I was small den en she was tryin to learn
+me."
+
+"No, child, I didn' live on no plantation. Didn' have no quarter for de
+slaves dere. My white folks live in town en dey just have my mother en
+her chillun en another old man. He stayed in de kitchen en would work de
+garden en go off on errands for de Missus. My mother en we chillun
+stayed in a little small one room house in de yard en he stayed in de
+kitchen. I wasn' large enough to do nothin much den only as like I tell
+you, my old Missus tried to learn me to sweep de yard."
+
+"I was small den, child, but I got along all right cause we ate in de
+white folks kitchen. Oh, no'um, dey cook in de chimney long bout de time
+I come up. No'um, didn' see no stoves nowhe' when I come up. I remembers
+we had greens like collards en bread en potatoes to eat sometimes, but
+say remember all what we had to eat, I couldn' never think bout to do
+dat. I just knows dat I remembers old Missus provide good livin for us
+all de time. Wouldn' let nobody suffer for nothin be dat she know bout
+it. Old Missus used to give us every speck de clothes we had to wear too
+dat was made out dis here homemade homespun cloth. You see my mother was
+de cook dere. Old Massa used to keep dry goods store en de first I know
+bout it, she get de cloth out de store to make us clothes. Den after de
+old head died, old Missus commence to buy cloth from somebody in de
+country cause people weave dey cloth right dere on dey own plantation in
+dat day en time. Had dese here loom en spinning wheel. I remembers old
+Missus would take out big bolt of cloth en cut out us garments wid her
+own hands. Den she would call us dere en make us try dem on en mine
+wouldn' never be nothin troublesome nowhe' bout it. I remembers I used
+to hear my Missus, when she be readin de paper speak bout Abraham
+Lincoln en Jefferson Davis, but I was small den en never paid no much
+attention to it. Only cared bout my new homespun dress wid de pockets
+shinin right in de front part. My Lord, child, I been de proudest like
+of dem pockets."
+
+"I hear de older people say de Yankees come en say de Yankees was here,
+but I was small den. Dey didn' do nothin bout dere dat I know of. I was
+small en I didn' know. Didn' hear de older peoples say nothin bout it
+neither."
+
+"Oh, we went to de white peoples service to dat big Methodist church
+right up dere in dis town what was tore down long time ago. Walked dere
+to dat church every Sunday en set up in de gallery. Dat whe' all de
+slaves had place to sit. De only thing I could remember bout gwine to
+church dere was what I hear dem say. Dey say, 'I believe in God the
+Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, etc.' Dat all I remembers
+bout gwine to church dere. Everything I remembers. Don' know as I could
+tell you dat, but I hear my mother repeat it so much when she come home
+en be teachin us our prayer. Den Missus teach us de same thing till we
+get large enough to learn de Lord's Prayer. No'mam, white folks didn'
+teach us no learnin in dat day en time. Didn' hear bout no books only
+dese almanacs. When de white folks throw dem out, dey allow us to pick
+dem up to play wid. Dat all de books we know bout."
+
+"Lord, child, dat was somethin. Dat was sho a time when dat shake come
+here. I remembers de ground be shakin en all de people was hollerin.
+Yes'um, I was scared. Scared of dat noise it was makin cause I didn'
+know but dat it might been gwine destroy me. I was hollerin en
+everybody round in de neighborhood was hollerin. Didn' nobody know what
+to think it was. Well, I tell you I thought it must a been de Jedgment
+comin. Thought it must a been somethin like dat."
+
+"I don' know nothin bout dat. It just like dis, I heard people speak
+bout conjurin, but nobody never has talked to me nothin concernin no
+conjurin. My mother wouldn' allow nobody to talk dat kind of speech to
+us. No, I ain' never seen none of dem things people say is ghost. No,
+ain' seen none dat I remembers. My husband died en I was right in de
+room wid him en I ain' see a thing. Never thought bout nothin like dat.
+Thought when dey gone, dey was gone. When I was able to work, I didn'
+have no time to bother wid dem things. Didn' have no time to take up wid
+nothin like dat. I de one dat used to cook dere to Miss Eloise Bethea's
+mamma. Dis here de one dey call Pauline."
+
+"I tell you my old Missus was good to us, child, good to us all de time.
+Come bout en doctor us herself when we get sick. Wouldn' trust nobody
+else to give us no medicine. I remember she give us castor oil en little
+salts for some ailments. Didn' give us nothin more den dat only a little
+sage or catnip sometimes. Dat what was good for colds."
+
+"I don' know, child. I can' tell which de worser days den or dese times.
+I know one thing, dey dances now more den dey used to. I don' go bout
+much, but I can tell you what I hear talk bout. I don' know as de people
+any worser dese days, but I hear talk bout more dances. Dat bout all.
+Coase de peoples used to dance bout, but dey didn' have dese dance halls
+like dey have now. Didn' have none of dem kind of rousin places den. De
+peoples didn' have chance to dance in dat day en time only as dey have a
+quiltin en cornshuckin on a night. Den dey just dance bout in old Massa
+yard en bout de kitchen. Oh, dey have dem quiltin at night en would play
+en go on in de kitchen. Turn plate en different little things like dat.
+I don' know how dey do it, but I remembers I hear dem talkin somethin
+bout turnin plate. Wasn' big enough to explain nothin bout what dey
+meant. I just knows dey would do dat en try to make some kind of motion
+like."
+
+"Honey, didn' never hear my parents tell bout no stories. My mother
+wasn' de kind to bother wid no stories like dat. She tried to always be
+a Christian en she never would allow us to tarnish us souls wid nothin
+like dat. She raise us in de way she want us to turn out to be. All dese
+people bout here livin too fast to pay attention to raisin dey chillun
+dese days. Just livin too fast to do anything dat be lastin like. Dat
+how-come dere be so much destructiveness bout dese days."
+
+
+  _Source_: Pauline Worth, age 79, ex-slave, Manning St., Marion, S.C.
+  Personal interview, Sept., 1937 by Annie Ruth Davis.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project #-1655=
+ =Phoebe Faucette=
+ =Hampton County=
+
+ =Folklore=
+
+=DAPHNEY WRIGHT=
+
+=106 Year Old Ex-Slave=
+
+
+Just around the bend from the old mill pond on the way to Davis Swimming
+Pool lives a very old negro woman. Her name is Daphney Wright, though
+that name has never been heard by those who affectionately know her as
+"Aunt Affie". She says she is 106 years old. She comes to the door
+without a cane and greets her guests with accustomed curtsey. She is
+neatly dressed and still wears a fresh white cap as she did when she
+worked for the white folks. Save for her wearing glasses and walking
+slowly, there are no evidences of illness or infirmities. She has a
+sturdy frame, and a kindly face shows through the wrinkles.
+
+"I been livin' in Beaufort when de war fust (first) break out", she
+begins. "Mr. Robert Cally was my marsa. Dat wuz in October. De Southern
+soldiers come through Bluffton on a Wednesday and tell de white folks
+must get out de way, de Yankees right behind 'em! De summer place been
+at Bluffton. De plantation wuz ten miles away. After we refugee from
+Bluffton, we spent de fust night at Jonesville. From dere we went to
+Hardeeville. We got here on Saturday evening. You know we had to ride by
+horses--in wagons an' buggies. Dere weren't no railroads or cars den.
+Dat why it take so long.
+
+"Mr. Lawrence McKenzie wuz my Missus' child. We stayed wid him awhile,
+'til he find us a place. Got us a little house. We stayed four years
+dere, 'til de war wuz over. Dey sent de young ladies on--on farther up
+de country, to a safer place. Dey went to Society Hill. My old Missus
+stay. Sae wuz a old lady. When de Yankees come she died. I wuz right
+dere wid her when she died. She had been sickly. After de war dey all
+went back to de old place. I had married up here, so when dey went back
+I stay on here.
+
+"I been right here when de Yankees come through. I been in my house
+asittin' before de fire, jes' like I is now.
+
+"One of 'em come up an' say, 'You know who I is?'
+
+"I say, 'No.'
+
+"He say, 'Well, I is come to set you free. You kin stay wid your old
+owners if you wants to, but dey'll pay you wages.'
+
+"But dey sure did plenty of mischief while dey wuz here. Didn't burn all
+de houses. Pick out de big handsome house to burn. Burn down Mr. Bill
+Lawton' house. Mr. Asbury Lawton had a fine house. Dey burn dat. (He
+Marse Tom Lawton' brother.) Burn Mr. Maner' house. Some had put a poor
+white woman in de house to keep de place; but it didn't make no
+difference.
+
+"De soldiers say, 'Dis rich house don't belong to you. We goin' to burn
+dis house!'
+
+"Dey'd go through de house an' take everything'. Take anythin' they
+could find. Take from de white, an' take from de colored, too. Take
+everything out de house! Dey take from my house. Take somethin' to eat.
+But I didn't have anythin' much in my house. Had a little pork an' a
+week's supply of rations.
+
+"De white folks would bury de silver. But dey couldn't always find it
+again. One give her silver to de colored butler to bury but he wuz kill,
+an' nobody else know where he bury it. It wuz after de war, an' he wuz
+walkin' down de road, an' Wheeler's Brigade kill him.
+
+"Been years an' years 'fore everythin' could come together again. You
+know after de war de Confederate money been confiscate. You could be
+walkin' 'long de road anytime an' pick up a ten dollar bill or a five
+dollar bill, but it wuzn't no good to you. After de greenback come money
+flourish again.
+
+"De plantation wuz down on de river. I live dere 'cept for de four years
+we refugee. Dat been a beautiful place--dere on de water! When de stars
+would come out dere over de water it wuz a beautiful sight! Sometimes
+some of us girls would get in a little 'paddle' an' paddle out into de
+river. We'd be scared to go too far out, but we'd paddle around.
+Sometimes my father would go out in de night an' catch de fish with a
+seine. He'd come back with a bushel of fish 'most anytime. Dey were nice
+big mullets! He'd divide 'em 'round 'mongst de colored folks. An' he'd
+take some up to de white folks for dere breakfast. My white folks been
+good white people. I never know no cruel. Dey treat me jes like one of
+dem. Dey say dey took me when I wuz five years old. An' I stay wid dem
+'til freedom. I am 106 years old now.
+
+"Dem people on de water don't eat much meat. Twenty-five cent of bacon
+will last dem a week. Dey cut de meat into little pieces, an' fry dem
+into cracklings, den put dat into de fish stew. It surely makes de stew
+good. When dey kill a hog dey take it to town an' sell it, den use de
+money for whatever dey want. Dey don't have to cure de pork an' keep it
+to eat. Dey jes' eat fish. Dey have de mullets, an' de oysters, an' de
+crabs, an' dese little clams. Dey have oyster-stew. Dey have roast
+oysters, den de raw oysters. An' dey have dey fried oysters! Dat sure is
+good. Dey fish from de boat, dey fish from de log, an' dey fish 'long de
+edge of de water wid a net. When de tide go down you kin walk along an'
+jes pick up de crab. You could get a bucket full in no time. We'd like
+to go up an' down an' pick up de pretty shells. I got one here on de
+mantel now. It ain't sech a big one, but it's a pretty little shell.
+
+"I is always glad to talk 'bout de old times an' de old people. We is
+livin' in peace now, but still it's hard times. We ought to be thankful
+though our country ain't in war."
+
+
+  Source: Daphney Wright, Scotia, S.C.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folk Lore=
+ =District No. 4.=
+ =May 28, 1937.=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =J.J. Murray.=
+
+=STORIES OF EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+Seated on the front steps of his house, holding a walking cane and
+talking to another old colored man from Georgia, who was visiting his
+children living there, the writer found "Uncle" Bill Young. He readily
+replied that he had lived in slavery days, that he was 83 years old, and
+he said that he and Sam were talking about old times.
+
+He was owned by Dave Jeter at Santuc, S.C.; though he was just a boy at
+the time his mother was a slave. He used to mind his "Missus" more than
+anybody else, as he stayed around the house more than anywhere else. His
+job, with the other boys, both white and black, was to round up the milk
+cows late every afternoon. The milk cows had to be brought up, milked
+and put up for the night; but the other cows and calves used to stay in
+the woods all night long. Some times they would be a mile away from the
+house, but the boys would not mind getting them home, for they played so
+much together as they slowly drove the cows in.
+
+When asked if he got plenty to eat in slavery days, he replied that he
+had plenty, "a heap more than I get today to eat". As a slave, he said
+he ate every day that the white folks ate, that he was always treated
+kindly, and his missus would not let anybody whip him; though he had
+seen other slaves tied and whipped with a bull-whip. He said he had
+seen the blood come from some of the slaves as they were whipped across
+the bare back. He said he had seen the men slaves stand perfectly naked
+and take a beating. He also said that he never had a whipping and that
+his "Missus" wouldn't let his own mother whip him. She would say, "Don't
+tech that boy, as he is my Nigger." She told him one day that he was
+free, but he stayed right on there with her and worked for wages. He got
+$6.00 a month, all his rations, and a place to stay.
+
+"Uncle" Bill said there was some humor at times when a slave was to be
+whipped. His hands and feet tied together, the slave would be laid
+across a rail fence, feet dangling on one side and head on the other
+side; then the master would give the slave a push or shove and he would
+fall heavily on the ground on his head. Not being able to use his feet
+or his hands, the slave's efforts to catch himself before he hit the
+ground was something funny. "That was funny to us Niggers looking at it,
+but not funny to the Nigger tied up so."
+
+He said some Yankee soldiers came by the house at times, but they never
+bothered anybody on the place. "Of-course they would take something to
+eat, but they never bothered anybody."
+
+After working for Dave Jeter for many years, he moved up to Jonesville,
+where he married. He lived in or near Jonesville for about thirty years,
+then he moved with his son, who was a barber, to Spartanburg, and has
+been here thirteen years.
+
+"I never knew anything about rent 'til I got here. I always had a house
+to live in, raised my own feed and got my wood off the place. So when I
+got to Spartanburg I learned what rent was. I just quit work two years
+ago when I had high blood pressure; and now I ain't able to work. Do you
+see that Nigger across the street, going to work somebody's garden?
+Well, if I didn't have high blood pressure, I'd be just as good to work
+as him."
+
+"Yes sir, with my peck of meal, my three pounds of meat each week and my
+$6.00 a month wages, I had more to eat than I gets now."
+
+
+  SOURCE: "Uncle" Bill Young. 202 Young Street, Spartanburg, S.C.
+  Interviewer: F.S. DuPre, Spartanburg Office, Dist. 4.
+
+
+
+
+ =Project 1885-1=
+ =Folklore=
+ =Spartanburg, Dist. 4=
+ =Feb. 4, 1938=
+
+ =Edited by:=
+ =Elmer Turnage=
+
+=STORIES FROM EX-SLAVES=
+
+
+"March 15, 1862 is de date I allus takes when folks axes how old is you.
+Dat's de best, to follow one date, den no argument don't follow.
+
+"Some see'd it powerful hard in slavery, others never see'd it so bad.
+Dat 'pends on you a lot, den it 'pends on dem dat you stays wid. It
+still like dat everywhar dat I is been, but I ain't been no further dan
+Spartanburg gwine north, and to Lyles's Ford gwine south.
+
+"From a wee bitty baby dey teach me to serve. Befo' you serves God you
+is got to know how to serve man. De Bible speaks of us as servants of de
+Lawd. Niggers can serve him better dan white folks, kaise dat is all dey
+does if dey stays whar dey belongs. Young folks and chillun being raised
+up real biggity like dey is now, dey can't serve nothing, kaise if you
+can't serve your earthly father, how is you gwine to serve your Heavenly
+Father?
+
+"De big plantation and house whar Mr. Jimmie Jeter's sons stay is whar I
+first see'd earthly light. Dat place still look fine, and it look fine
+den, too. When I was 8 years old I started out in de field, afo' dat I
+did jes' what all little nigger boys did, nothing but eat and sleep and
+play and have a big time wid de little white boys. Lots of my playmates,
+both white and black, done gone on now. Some done gone to de bad place
+and some done gone to Heaven, jes' ain't no use talking, dat's sho nuff
+de truth.
+
+"War was raging all 'round Charleston and Columbia when I come in dis
+world so dey says, Yankees camped in half mile of Santuc. I is heard
+dat everybody was scared. Has even heard dat I cried when dem Yankees
+come, but all I knows is jes' what I heard. Folks hears lots and dey
+tells it, and dat's jes' what I is doing now--jes' telling what dey told
+me when I got big. If folks didn't never tell nothing no worse, it
+wouldn't make no difference, but often dey takes devilish notions and
+tells dat what injures, if anybody believes dem.
+
+"Aunt Phyllis Jeter 'low when dem Yankees got to Santuc, she was a
+weaving jes' as hard as she could for her white folks. She say dat she
+started to run, but dem Yankees come in de house and throw'd away her
+yarn and took her and tied her to a tree. When she hollered, dey whipped
+her. She say dat dey was drunk, but dey never burn't up nothing in de
+house. Dey went on singing, and she got me to playing and got up de yarn
+from de dirt in de yard and cleaned it. De Yankees never bothered us no
+mo', and dey never stayed in Santuc long.
+
+"Once when I was a big boy I got drunk and pa whipped me so hard I never
+got drunk no mo' till I was married, and den I jumped on my old lady for
+fun and she hit me wid a bed slat. Dat knocked me sober and I 'cided de
+best thing for me to do was let liquor go to de devil. When I was young
+I allus walked to Union. Dat ain't but ten miles down de railroad. Den I
+used to walk all over Santuc and down to Herbert in Fish Dam. Now I is
+drapped most all my walking. De chilluns travels fast in automobiles,
+but I jes' as lieve walk to Union as to ride in dem things. Wrecks kills
+you off so quick dat you does not have time to repent.
+
+"Walking never has hurt nobody, and I buys leather and tacks it on my
+own shoes, and in dat way it don't cost me nothing much. Folks goes so
+fast in dem automobiles, and half de time dey ain't in no hurry kaise
+dey ain't gwine to nothing no way. I gits on my shoe in de winter and I
+walks. When I wants to drap in for a chaw at some friend's house, I
+does. I sets dar till I gits rested and warm and I goes on. If dey eats,
+I does too, and when I gits to Union my chillun is done out and gone.
+Jes' de same, I reaches home at night befo' dem.
+
+"Dey has tales to tell about gitting out of gas, and when I axes whar
+dey been, dey jes' as apt to say Spartanburg as any whars. As long as
+dey has a quarter dey is allus gwine to ride and come home broke. If you
+fools wid automobiles, you is gwine to spend lots of time in jail. I
+ain't never been in jail and I thinks it is a disgrace. My chillun says
+dat I is 'old timey' and don't know nothing 'bout living. Jes' de same,
+I likes slow moving, and takes mine out in walking and gits home at dark
+or soon atter.
+
+"Dese fast ways don't bother me. Dey makes sassy chilluns. Sassy
+chilluns dat can't serve deir pa need not think dat dey can ride to de
+Promise Land in narry automobile dat dey is ever seed. Gwine round in
+fast circles and never gitting nowhars seems to satisfy dem, so I don't
+know what is gwine to become of dem."
+
+
+  Source: Bob Young (75) Jonesville, S.C.
+  Interviewer: Caldwell Sims, Union, S.C. 11/10/37
+
+
+
+
+ [Transcriber's Note:
+
+ A number of punctuation errors have been corrected. Other typographical
+ errors are as follows:
+
+ Page 1: "Hariett" changed to "Harriett" (young mistress, Miss Harriett.)
+ Page 3: "Cival" changed to "Civil" (pre-Civil and Civil War days,)
+ Page 38: "nonegenarian" changed to "nonagenarian" (what a nonagenarian
+ is?)
+ Page 43: "carpetbagbers" changed to "carpetbaggers" (scalawags and
+ carpetbaggers,)
+ Page 45: "SC" changed to "S.C." (RIDGEWAY, S.C.,)
+ Page 49: "On e" changed to "One" (One pick a banjo,)
+ Page 53: "Dancers" changed to "Dances" (Dances? There was); "william"
+ changed to "William" (young master, William)
+ Page 56: "we" added between "us" and "we" (told us we was free);
+ "cornshuckings" changed to "corn-shuckings" (old time corn-shuckings)
+ Page 59: "gie" changed to "gi'e" ("He gi'e me sugar.); "pantomime" changed
+ to "pantomime," "the" added before "way" (with pantomine, of the way
+ pidgin)
+ Page 62: "to-day" changed to "today" (in Russia today.)
+ Page 66: "piscopal" changed to "'Piscopal" (he was 'Piscopal)
+ Page 67: "thrity-two" changed to "thirty-two" (thirty or thrity-two)
+ Page 76: "OF-EX" changed to "OF EX-SLAVES"
+ Page 84: "quite" changed to "quiet"
+ Page 86: "Come" changed to "Some" (Some white people); "one" changed to
+ "One" ("One gone in)
+ Page 89: "or" changed to "of" (the back of gallery.)
+ Page 120: "remembers" changed to "disremembers" (I jes' disremembers,)
+ Page 143: "be be" changed to "be" (be so many school)
+ Page 149: "folks" changed to "forks" (Ninety-eight silver forks)
+ Page 159: "Reovah" changed to (Rehovah Baptist Church.)
+ Page 165: "carpet bag" changed to "carpetbag" (de carpetbag,)
+ Page 183: "do" added after "only" (only do de)
+ Page 187: "cornshucking" changed to "corn-shucking" (corn-shucking 'bout)
+ Page 194: "cordality" changed to "cordiality" (with a cordiality);
+ "dilapedated" changed to "dilapidated" (somewhat dilapidated shanty.)
+ Page 195: "revently" changed to "reverently"; "out side" changed to
+ "outside" (outside the same church); "necesities" changed to "necessities"
+ (such household necessities)
+ Page 196: "asleep" changed to "slept"
+ Page 217: "but" changed to "buy" (wanted to buy something)
+ Page 231: "no" added after "or" (true or no,)
+ Page 255: "i" changed to "I" (as I was.)
+ Page 269: "Twentyfive" changed to "Twenty-five" (Twenty-five cent of
+ bacon)
+ Page 270: "the the" changed to "the" (at the time his)]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of
+Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, by Work Projects Administration
+
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author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:37:38 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:37:38 -0700
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