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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/29362-h.zip b/29362-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b7b313 --- /dev/null +++ b/29362-h.zip diff --git a/29362-h/29362-h.htm b/29362-h/29362-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ff67ed --- /dev/null +++ b/29362-h/29362-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3307 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>The Goat-Gland Transplantation</title> +<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<style type = "text/css"> + +body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + +div.titlepage, div.maintext, div.advert {margin: 4em 0;} + +hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: center;} +hr.mid {width: 40%;} +hr.small {width: 30%;} + +a.tag {text-decoration: none; padding-left: .25em; padding-right: .25em;} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; +font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-top: .5em; +margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 200%;} +h2 {font-size: 175%;} +h3 {font-size: 150%;} +div.maintext h3 {font-size: 125%; margin-top: 3em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h4 {font-size: 120%;} +div.maintext h4 {font-size: 100%; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h5 {font-size: 100%;} +h6 {font-size: 85%;} + +p {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 0em; line-height: 1.2;} + +p.illustration {text-align: center; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +p.caption {font-size: 90%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; +margin-bottom: 1em;} + +p.center {text-align: center; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;} +p.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 2em;} +p.space {margin-top: 1em;} + +p.gap {text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2em;} + +div.advert p {margin-top: 1em;} + +p.footnote {margin: 2em; font-size: 90%;} + + +/* tables */ + +table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; +margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit;} + +td {vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .1em;} + +td.right {text-align: right;} +td.number {text-align: right;} + +/* conditional */ + +table.toc td {padding: .25em .5em;} +table p {margin-top: 0em; margin-left: 2em; +text-indent: -2em; line-height: normal;} + + +/* text formatting */ + +.smallcaps {font-variant: small-caps;} + +span.dash {letter-spacing: -.2em; padding-right: .2em;} +.spread {word-spacing: .4em;} + +.smaller {font-size: 92%;} +div.smaller {margin-left: 4%; margin-right: 4%;} +.larger {font-size: 108%;} +.extended {letter-spacing: 0.2em; margin-right: -.2em;} +p.caption span.extended {letter-spacing: 0.12em; margin-right: -.12em;} + + +/* correction popup */ + +ins.correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} +ins.notation {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted blue;} + +/* page number */ + +span.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 90%; +font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: right; +text-indent: 0em;} +span.pagenum.illus {font-style: italic;} +span.pagenum.illus:before {content: "[Opp. ";} +span.pagenum.illus:after {content: "]";} + +/* Transcriber's Note */ + +.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +div.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: .5em 1em 1em;} +p.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: 1em;} +div.mynote a {text-decoration: none;} + +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Goat-gland Transplantation, by +Sydney B. Flower and John R. Brinkley + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Goat-gland Transplantation + As Originated and Successfully Performed by J. R. Brinkley, + M. D., of Milford, Kansas, U. S. A., in Over 600 Operations + Upon Men and Women + +Author: Sydney B. Flower + John R. Brinkley + +Release Date: July 10, 2009 [EBook #29362] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GOAT-GLAND TRANSPLANTATION *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This text</a> uses UTF-8 (Unicode) +file encoding. If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph +appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable +fonts. First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file +encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the +default font.</p> + +<p>Typographical errors, whether corrected or not, are shown in the text +with <ins class = "notation" title = "like this">mouse-hover +popups</ins>.</p> + +<p><i>Historical Note:</i> The Milford facility closed in 1930 when +Brinkley’s Kansas medical license was revoked. He then moved to south +Texas and established his million-watt Mexican radio station.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/frontis.jpg" width = "418" height = "527" +alt = "see caption"></p> +<p class = "caption"> +J. R.<span class = "extended"> BRINKLEY</span>, M. D.,<span class = +"extended"> MILFORD</span>,<span class = "extended"> KANSAS</span>, U. +S. A.</p> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<!-- png 003 --> +<h5><b>No. 5 The One-Best-Way Series of<br> +New Thought Books</b></h5> + +<p> </p> + +<h1><b>The Goat-Gland<br> +Transplantation</b></h1> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h6><b>As Originated and Successfully Performed<br> +<span class = "spread">by J. R. Brinkley, M. D., of Milford,</span><br> +Kansas, U. S. A., in Over 600 Opera-<br> +<span class = "spread">tions Upon Men and Women</span></b></h6> + +<p> <br> <br> </p> + +<h6><b>By</b></h6> + +<h5>SYDNEY B. FLOWER</h5> + +<p> <br> <br> </p> + +<h5><b>New Thought Book Department</b></h5> + +<h6><b>722-732 Sherman Street<br> +Chicago, Ill.</b></h6> + +</div> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<!-- png 005 --> +<h6>Set Up and Electrotyped<br> +May, 1921</h6> + +<h6>Copyright, 1921<br> +By Sidney B. Flower</h6> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<div class = "maintext"> + + +<!-- png 006 --> +<h3><a name = "contents" id = "contents">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></h3> + +<table class = "toc"> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2">Author’s Preface</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#preface">5</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2">Chapter.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps right">Page.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_I">I.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Dr. Brinkley’s Theory</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_I">11</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_II">II.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">The Practice, Men</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_II">17</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_III">III.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">The Practice, Women</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_III">23</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_IV">IV.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Dr. Brinkley’s Own Story</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_IV">30</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_V">V.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">A Year of Development</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_V">42</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_VI">VI.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">The Story of Chancellor Tobias</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_VI">48</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_VII">VII.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Professor Steinach and the Rat</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_VII">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_VIII">VIII.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">A Week at Dr. Brinkley’s Hospital</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_VIII">66</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_IX">IX.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Summary</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_IX">72</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "right"><a href = "#chap_X">X.</a></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">“The Spark of Life”</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#chap_X">78</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<span class = "pagenum">5</span> +<!-- png 007 --> +<h3><a name = "preface" id = "preface">AUTHOR’S PREFACE</a></h3> + + +<p>Though dealing exactly with a surgical subject, this book is a +layman’s word to laymen. It is an attempt to say to the general public a +few things about this amazing work of Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of +Milford, Kansas, which he is debarred from saying for himself in this +simple form. He has under consideration a book of his own covering the +subject of Goat-Gland Transplantation, his experiments, successes, +failures, theories, and conclusions, which will probably be issued +during the winter of 1922, and in that book he expects to treat his +subject exhaustively with full medical and surgical detail, in a manner +acceptable to the medical profession. But, in the meantime, no +satisfactory effort has been made to tell the story to the general +public, except in the fragmentary form of occasional newspaper notices. +The author feels that the chief interest in this matter abides with the +patient rather than with the practitioner, or, if not the chief +interest, at least an equal interest. It seems proper, therefore, that +the subject should be briefly dealt with at this time, while it is yet +in its infancy, in such a manner that the general public may grasp the +essentials of what is being done in America in this new application of +endocrinology. Some attention is paid to the pioneer work of Dr. Frank +Lydston of Chicago in the transplanting of human glands into human +beings, but rather +<span class = "pagenum">6</span> +<!-- png 008 --> +by way of emphasizing the fact that Dr. Brinkley, with the choice of +human, monkey, goat, or sheep glands before him, chose the goat-glands +in preference to any other for his field of experiment and operation, +and has never for a moment regretted his choice, or seen any reason to +alter it.</p> + +<p>Without any wish to enter upon a controversy, the author is impelled +to take some notice of the statement of Dr. Serge Voronoff of Paris, +who, during his recent visit to the United States, announced that he +pinned his faith almost exclusively to the glands of the anthropoid apes +as most suitable for transplantation into human beings, while he +lamented the natural scarcity of obtainable material. Dr. Voronoff is +credited with having performed over 150 transplantations upon rams, but +none whatever of goat-glands upon human beings, and not more than two or +three of simian glands upon human beings. His statement, therefore, that +successful transplantation of the glands of the goat into a human being +is “impossible, and cannot succeed,” is empirical, and entirely +unsupported by any experience of his own in the matter. Against it, and +completely confuting it, we set the clear conclusions of Dr. Brinkley, +backed by his unequalled record of over 600 successful transplants of +goat-glands into men and women, during the past three years. Since there +is no other human being who has had experience sufficient in this matter +upon which he may justly found an opinion, it seems to the author that +only one man, Dr. Brinkley himself, is qualified to speak +<span class = "pagenum">7</span> +<!-- png 009 --> +at all, and until members of the medical profession here and in Europe +have mastered Dr. Brinkley’s technique, and learned what to do, and how +and why, and what not to do, and why not, a dogmatic negative is +not the proper comment with regard to the question of whether successful +transplantation of goat-glands can be made upon human beings. If, after +learning what Dr. Brinkley has learned by laborious experiments, +continued for years, they find that their conclusions differ from his, +they will at least have earned the right to speak. But it is +unreasonable to suppose, in that event, that their conclusions would in +any way or degree differ from Dr. Brinkley’s conclusion that, in brief, +the implanting of the glands of the young goat into men and women is an +actual triumph of modern surgery and medical skill, which has resulted, +in hundreds of cases, clearly recorded, and filed for reference, in +rejuvenating both men and women; removing impotence from old men; curing +arterio-sclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, in every case treated; +curing five cases of Dementia Praecox out of a total of five cases +treated; curing six cases of Locomotor Ataxia out of six cases treated; +curing two cases of Paralysis Agitans out of two cases treated; +restoring normal conditions in one hundred cases of Psychopathia +Sexualis; bringing about the parenthood of barren women and impotent men +not yet past middle-age; restoring the function of menstruation or +regular periodicity to women who have passed through the change of life; +and, in +<span class = "pagenum">8</span> +<!-- png 010 --> +a word, making good in the cure of so-called incurables, and doing +something that was never done before, to our knowledge, in the history +of the earth.</p> + +<p>It is not the intention in this little book to follow Dr. Brinkley in +exact detail through his amazing list of cases of all manner of diseases +cured by this treatment. His files are open to the profession at all +times, and the records may be consulted by the earnest investigator at +the hospital at Milford, Kansas.</p> + +<p>The intention in this little book is to cover particularly that phase +of human longing which asks that the clock be turned back, and that old +age be deferred.</p> + +<p>It is a fact beyond all gainsaying that Dr. Brinkley’s operation has +in truth cheated old age of its toll in very many cases of both sexes, +and the improvement, or rejuvenation, affects both the minds and bodies +of those treated by this method; and this rejuvenation is lasting to the +extent of the doctor’s observation. It would be presuming to say that it +is a permanent improvement. Upon that point no one has any right to +offer an opinion, because there are no facts upon which to found it. But +Dr. Brinkley’s earliest cases, operated upon three years ago, up to the +present time have shown no diminution whatever in the good effects +secured. Neither the women nor the men have lost any particle of their +increased vitality during this lapse of time. Who can say how long the +good effects will continue? Dr. Brinkley’s opinion is that the +improvement will run for possibly fifteen years, at the end +<span class = "pagenum">9</span> +<!-- png 011 --> +of which time he expects to re-operate upon any cases that show a +slowing-down in the life-processes, and believes that the introduction +of two new glands after that time will result in a return of the +vitality in full force as before. That is his guess of the probable +duration of the improvement, but it is quite possible that his estimate +errs on the side of conservatism. There is one assuring and comforting +fact, however, bearing on this point, which should be carefully noted +here, namely, when a retransplantation was made by Dr. Brinkley upon a +goat which had first been cured of old age by transplantation of new +glands, which was allowed to retain this new adolescence for a year, and +was then deprived of the glands, causing a speedy return to the +miserable condition of old age and its ills, and which was then +re-operated upon and given two new glands, the instant improvement was +every whit as noticeable and as perfect in this second implantation as +in the first. Now it is a reasonable inference from this clear-cut +result that Dr. Brinkley is right in his opinion that a second +transplantation of the goat-glands into a human being after a lapse of +years, when the first implant may be expected to have worn itself thin, +will result in the same improvement in the physical and mental condition +of either man or woman as took place upon the first implant. This is, in +fact, the basis of his theory that the normal age of man and woman today +can be surely extended from the three score and ten limit to possibly +twice that number of years. You are invited to consider what +<span class = "pagenum">10</span> +<!-- png 012 --> +this discovery of Dr. Brinkley’s operation, for it is no less than a +discovery, would have meant to the world in the prolongation of the +lives of those benefactors in all fields of human endeavor, Literature, +Science, Art, etc., if it had been known and understood when Shakespeare +wrote, when Darwin worked, when Rubens painted, and when Patti sang. It +will please your fancy to picture what might have been, but we have +before us the consideration of what is, and it is more than comforting +to know that we shall deal here with the hard cold facts of what is +being done today, and will be done tomorrow. This is no poet’s dream, +but the stern reality of a young surgeon’s work in hospital, extending +over three memorable years of achievement in a virgin field. Dr. +Brinkley has worked out his problem alone, save for the devoted aid of +his wife, who is also a licensed physician. He is today a poor man, and +expects to remain so, because he has refused every alluring offer made +him looking to the establishment of this Goat-Gland operation as a +commercial proposition on a big scale. He is governed by his ethical +vows, and retains his independence, but the world would call him a fool +for not turning his discovery to his greatest pecuniary profit. Since he +prefers to remain true to his ideals in this matter it is for us at +least to be thankful, and accord him the recognition to which the +scientist is entitled who puts his work above his profits.</p> + +<p>Chicago, April, 1921.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">11</span> +<!-- png 013 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_I" id = "chap_I">CHAPTER I</a></h3> + +<h4>DR. BRINKLEY’S THEORY</h4> + + +<p>We are not privileged to be discursive in a little book which seeks +to hit the nail on the head in every paragraph, drive it home in every +page, and clinch it in every chapter, and there would be no excuse, +therefore, for sketching, even in brief outline, the history of the +various attempts that have been made, from Brown-Sequard, with his +Elixir, to Metchnikoff, with his benevolent bacteria of the intestinal +tract, to extract from Life its secret of human longevity. It has been a +long quest, and, in the main, fruitless, though it might be said in +fairness that Brown-Sequard’s method of using the expressed testicular +juice as a medicine, by mouth or injection, for the renewal of youth, +was probably the true parent of the present familiar method of using the +extracts of various glands, or the pulverized substance of the glands +themselves, notably the thyroid and the adrenal, as medicines to be +taken internally for the relief of various diseased conditions. The +constant objection to such form of medication is, of course, that when +the medicine is stopped the good results stop, so that a temporary +relief is the utmost that can be hoped for from the method. Genius is +synthetic, elliptic, sudden, but always clear and sure. Dr. Brinkley +began with a theory, and by no means a new theory. From the theory he +deduced rapidly, +<span class = "pagenum">12</span> +<!-- png 014 --> +and acted. The results of the acts proved the truth of the theory. That +theory has been variously stated, its most familiar form being, “In all +living forms the basis of all energy is sex-energy.”</p> + +<p>Looking about for facts to confirm or disprove this assertion all +investigators have been faced with similar phenomena, such as:</p> + +<p>When the male fowl is sterilized in order that he may grow big and +fat for the market later he loses his cock’s plumage and gains in +weight. In the psychic domain the changes are still more marked. The +capon is a coward, shunning the contest for supremacy. He does not +forage for the hens, inviting them to feed upon what he has found, but +looks after himself first and last. He is lazy, sluggish, and +selfish.</p> + +<p>The stallion is a proud and beautiful animal, and Job’s description +of the war-horse “He paweth in the valley and rejoiceth in his strength, +He goeth on to meet the armed men!” with its context, is still the best +word-painting we have of the majesty of the horse in full possession of +his sexual powers. The gelding is tractable and useful, and the absence +of the fiery impatience of the stallion fits the gelding for man’s +use.</p> + +<p>When men are castrated, as in the East, in youth, where they are +prized as custodians of the harem, they are fat, usually large of frame, +but short-lived. The growth of hair on the head is often scant; on the +face and body it is altogether missing. The voice is high, partaking of +a treble quality. When through surgical +<span class = "pagenum">13</span> +<!-- png 015 --> +operation or accident it happens that a man is deprived of the +testicular glands in youth, early manhood, or even middle-age, the same +changes follow as in the case of the eunuch, the hair on face and body +disappears, the voice changes from deep to high tone, and mentally the +man develops inertia and cowardice. Physically, he puts on fat almost +immediately.</p> + +<p>When women have, for any reason, had their ovaries removed by +surgical operation, marked changes follow, which vary much in detail, +but carry certain general similarities. The face and body age rapidly in +appearance, and there is a slowing up of functions of the organs, with a +tendency to masculinity in tastes, behavior, feelings.</p> + +<p>Noting these and many other phenomena, as many had done before him, +Dr. Brinkley concluded that the testes of the male and the ovaries of +the female performed corresponding offices for each sex, generating the +vital fluids which, when not fulfilling their primary object of +reproducing the species, were turned back into the blood and absorbed by +the tissues for the benefit of the individual’s physical and mental +processes. Normal activity of the secretions of the sex-glands, +therefore, meant, in Dr. Brinkley’s opinion, right nourishment for all +the cells of the body, and right functioning of all the organs of the +body. The strength and speed of the stallion in health were as much due +to the right action of the sex-glands as his full-arched neck, his +blazing eye, or his thick mane and tail. And since the capon and +<span class = "pagenum">14</span> +<!-- png 016 --> +the eunuch acquired a cowardice that avoided fatigue, effort, or +conflict, it was clear that the mental qualities were as directly +influenced by the testicular secretion as the physical. It followed that +the well-nourished brain, capable of sustained concentration and clear +thinking, must necessarily be the brain that was fed by the normal +activity of the sex-glands, and it also followed that since youth in man +and woman is the time of matured beauty of face and form in man and +woman, when sexual secretions are of normal activity, therefore, the +sexual secretions were mainly responsible for the development of matured +beauty of face and form. From this it was clear and evident that the +haggard face, the lined face, the over-thin or the over-fat body, <ins +class = "notation" title = "error for ‘phenomena’">phemonena</ins> +familiar to all of us in men and women who have passed their youth, were +due in the main to lack of nourishment of the body-cells by the seminal +fluid, with lack of proper functioning of the organs, and resultant lack +of proper elimination of waste matter from the system, producing that +condition of slowing-down of the machine which is a part of the aging +process of the body and mind of man and woman, as seen in all men and +all women today.</p> + +<p>It is important always that you realize that though we may seem to +stress the physical improvement in human beings brought about by this +gland-transplantation, the more important change of the two is the +mental, and Dr. Brinkley’s theory that ALL ENERGY IS SEX-ENERGY means +exactly that the powerful brain equally with the beautiful face owes +<span class = "pagenum">15</span> +<!-- png 017 --> +its strength and vigor exactly to the right functioning of the +sex-glands.</p> + +<p>We must not be accused here of running to extravagance. It is not +stated that all human brains are of equal power or can be developed to +equal power. It is stated that all human brains of unusual power are +brains that are well-nourished by the testicular secretions, and it is +implied, with full understanding of what this statement leads to, that +if, for any reason, there is an interference with this sex-gland +activity, the unusual brain will cease in a short time to be unusual in +its power, grasp, and faculty of clear, continuous thought. Similarly it +is stated that if this unusual brain, after losing its power of +sustained thinking, is again fed by the renewed activities of the +sex-glands, it will re-establish its power, and the mind will display +its former brilliance.</p> + +<p>You see how amazing and far-reaching is the application of this +apparently simple theory that sex-energy is the basis of all human +energy.</p> + +<p>It is, after all, only another way of saying that all things proceed +from a common source, that Life is One, that Mind and Body derive from +the same source, that energy is so much an integral of matter, that in +the final analysis matter is only static energy; since the atom is made +of molecules, and molecules of electrons, and electrons of electricity, +or energy.</p> + +<p>In saying, therefore, that sex-energy is at the basis of all human +energy we may quite possibly be trending towards a solution of the +world-old question of what Life itself is. +<span class = "pagenum">16</span> +<!-- png 018 --> +Some day, without a doubt, we shall surprise this secret at its source. +At present we are fortunate to have discovered, through Dr. Brinkley’s +careful proving of his theory, that human energy, no matter whether its +manifestation be physical or mental, has a common base of supply, the +sex-glands, and that their activity determines a brilliant mentality, or +a dull brain; a state of health, or a state of disease; beauty of +form and feature and skin, or wrinkles, sallowness and ugliness. These +appearances and qualities are phenomena which have the same source, or +base. Many have felt this to be true. Dr. Brinkley alone has had the wit +and skill to find the means to solve the problem as it should be solved +to be of any value to humanity, namely, to discover how the inactivity +can be changed to activity, how the blood of man and woman can be +charged anew with the life-giving hormones, perhaps, or whatever may be +the name of that substance secreted by the sex-glands and used by the +blood to nourish all the cells of the body, which MUST be present in the +system if body and mind are to continue to function at their best.</p> + + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<!-- png 019 --> +<span class = "pagenum illus">16</span> +<img src = "images/pic19.jpg" width = "402" height = "607" +alt = "see caption"></p> + +<p class = "caption"> +<span class = "extended">DR</span>.<span class = "extended"> AND +MRS</span>.<span class = "extended"> BRINKLEY</span></p> + + + +<!-- png 020 --> + + +<span class = "pagenum">17</span> +<!-- png 021 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_II" id = "chap_II">CHAPTER II</a></h3> + +<h4>THE PRACTICE. MEN</h4> + + +<p>Dr. Brinkley began his experiments in gland-transplanting upon +animals in the year 1911, three years before the European War, using +goats, sheep, and guinea-pigs as his subjects. He ran beyond the limits +of his resources in this experimental work on animals, which was +interrupted by his enlistment in the army, and assignment to service as +First Lieutenant in the Medical Corps. Passed fit for Foreign Duty he +was nevertheless unable to get across to France, and remained, like many +another good surgeon, on duty in various southern camps.</p> + +<p>Returning to civilian life he took up his quest again, varying a +general medical and surgical practice by continued observation and +experiment in gland-transplantations upon animals, leaning ever more +strongly towards the exclusive use of goats. About this time he heard of +the work of Professor Steinach of Vienna in grafting the glands of rats, +and producing changes in the character and appearance of the animals by +inverting the process of nature and transplanting male glands into +females, and vice versa, sometimes with success. He had followed with +the greatest interest also the experiments of Dr. Frank Lydston of +Chicago, who performed his first human-gland transplantation upon +himself, an +<span class = "pagenum">18</span> +<!-- png 022 --> +example of courage that falls not far short of heroism. But Dr. Brinkley +was never favorably impressed with the idea of using the glands of a +human being for the renovation of the life-force of another human being. +He was looking to the young of the animal kingdom to furnish him with +the material he proposed to use to improve the functioning of human +organs, and more certainly as time passed he drew to the conclusion that +in the goat, and in the goat alone, was to be found that gland-tissue +which, because of its rapid maturity, potency, and freedom from those +diseases to which humanity is liable, was most sure under right +conditions of implantation to feed, nourish, grow into and become a part +of, human gland-tissue.</p> + +<p>Later we will dwell a little upon some of his results. It is worthy +of note in passing that his first experiment upon a human being was an +unqualified success. He transplanted the goat-glands into a farmer who +was forty-six years of age, happily married, but childless, and one year +after the transplantation a child was born, who was christened “Billy” +in honor of the circumstances responsible for his birth. By patient +selection Dr. Brinkley has found that the Toggenburg breed of Swiss goat +gives him the best possible stock to use in his gland-work. This choice +was forced upon him by results obtained by the use of other breeds. He +found that the Toggenburg goat gave him best results because the animal, +besides its sound health, carries none of that persistent odor which is +peculiar to male goats the world over, +<span class = "pagenum">19</span> +<!-- png 023 --> +and which, if shed abroad by a human being would make his neighborhood +unpleasant. He found that the best age of the male goats whose glands +were to be transplanted was from three weeks to a month. He found that +the best age at which to use the ovaries of the female goat was one +year, because, unlike its youthful brother, the female goat’s +sex-activities are not developed before that age.</p> + +<p>His method of transplanting the glands into a man is by making two +incisions in the man’s scrotum under simple local anesthesia, +a practically painless operation, but from this point on the +technique varies according to the conditions presented by the case. No +two cases are exactly alike, and Dr. Brinkley performs no two operations +exactly alike. That is the reason, he explains, why, with the best will +in the world to teach his fellow-practitioners what to do and how to do +it, he is nevertheless unable to state in writing exactly what treatment +to use to cover all cases. It cannot be taught by correspondence, and, +simple though it sounds to hear it, it cannot be learned by attendance +at a few clinics. It is delicate in this sense, that if it is not +rightly performed in the individual case the glands will slough. That +means loss of time, loss of temper, and the waste of a perfectly good +pair of young goat-glands. Another very important thing which his +experiments have taught Dr. Brinkley is this: the glands on being +removed from the goat must immediately be placed in a salt solution +warmed to blood-heat, and they must be used on the human being WITHIN +TWENTY +<span class = "pagenum">20</span> +<!-- png 024 --> +MINUTES from the time they are taken from the goat. No such thing is +possible as keeping these glands in the refrigerator for twenty-four +hours, or anything of that kind, before using. The more quickly after +removal from the animal they are used the more likely they are to take +hold and grow. In his men cases he uses sometimes one gland, sometimes +two; sometimes the whole gland, just as it came from the young goat, +sometimes a part of the gland only, but he leans to the opinion that the +gland of the three-weeks-old goat gives best results if used entire, +without trimming. Sometimes he lays the gland <b>upon</b> the outside of +the human testis, connecting part with part; sometimes he opens the +testis by incision and lays the goat-gland within the cleft. Very often +there are adhesions which must be broken down before the goat-gland can +function rightly. Very often there are unsuspected hydroceles, forming +cysts in the testicular mass, which must be cut out, or there may be +varicocele requiring attention. The patient suffers very slight +inconvenience; the local anesthetic is enough to dull the pain even of +the breaking down of the adhesions, so that it is at its worst no more +than the pain of a toothache, and lasts a very brief while. Many of the +patients converse with the doctor while the operation is proceeding. The +pain is negligible. The doctor proceeds according to the condition, age, +etc., of his patient. He may ligate, that is to say, tie off, the tubes +that connect with one testis, or the other, or both; he may not ligate +at all. It will +<span class = "pagenum">21</span> +<!-- png 025 --> +depend upon the result sought, the condition present, and the age of the +patient. Suppose the patient is an old man in whom it is desired to +produce rejuvenation; the doctor then will ligate both sides, in order +that the new glands when they take hold, and begin to feed the testes of +the man, stimulating these to a new activity, may not be overtaxed to +the point of excess usage by the patient when he returns home and finds +himself in possession of a sexual vigor that has been unknown to him for +many years. This increase in sexual vigor <b>invariably</b> follows, +regardless of the age of the patient. The glowing letters on file in the +doctor’s office attest this. Here, for instance, is a letter from a man +eighty-one years of age, who says, “I feel like a boy of eighteen. +This is something I have not known for more than forty years. The +goat-glands have certainly done the work for me, but I wish, doctor, you +would fix it so that I could complete the sexual act,” etc., etc.</p> + +<p>But this completion of the sexual act is exactly the thing that is to +be avoided in the case of these old men. Remember the theory in the last +chapter, “All animal energy is sex-energy.” The conversion of this +sex-energy into other forms of energy, physical and mental, is the aim, +and this aim would be frustrated if these old men were given full power +to do as they pleased with their new-found youthful vigor. You cannot +always trust them. That is the purpose of the ligating of both sides, +making the emission of the semen impossible. The life-force, then, +having no +<span class = "pagenum">22</span> +<!-- png 026 --> +other outlet, can do nothing else but reinvigorate the entire system by +pouring its precious fluids into the blood.</p> + +<p>Suppose, now, the case is that of a man of fifty who is physically +run down, married, and anxious to be the father of a child. In such a +case, if the man is physically sound, Dr. Brinkley will do one of two +things. After the transplantation of the new glands he will either +ligate one side permanently, and allow one testis to carry on the work +of rejuvenation while the other can be used for procreation, or he will +ligate both sides and say to the man, “I am tying off both testes +because you will need to rebuild for at least one year before you should +think of becoming a father. But I am ligating with linen thread, which +does not dissolve, and if you come back to me in one year from now I +will remove the ligatures, one or both, and you will then be able to +procreate.” This is reasonable and wise talk, and the man makes no +objection. When the year of probation, as you might call it, has +expired, the man returns to the hospital, the ligature is removed, and +he goes home in a couple of days. These things are not fairy-tales, but +solid facts, amazing as they sound to you. There are five goat-gland +babies today among Dr. Brinkley’s patients that he knows of, four boys +and one girl. There are probably many more of whom he has heard nothing, +for patients have a way of moving out of touch after awhile.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">23</span> +<!-- png 027 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_III" id = "chap_III">CHAPTER III</a></h3> + +<h4>THE PRACTICE. WOMEN</h4> + + +<p>At Dr. Brinkley’s hospital, a beautifully appointed private +residence, it is a comfort to women patients to have the doctor’s wife, +herself a competent surgeon if necessary, at hand during the actual +operation. Mrs. Brinkley administers the local anesthetic, or the +general anesthetic, if that is called for, as it sometimes is. While the +bulk of the operations performed on both men and women are +gland-transplantations, a diseased condition of tubes and ovaries +has sometimes made a <ins class = "notation" title = "error for ‘laparotomy’">laporotomy</ins> necessary, and many major operations have +been successfully performed in the white-enameled operating room. At +such times a woman clings to the presence of a woman, and Mrs. +Brinkley’s kind and pleasant manner is usually sufficient to banish all +nervousness from the woman patient.</p> + +<p>In ordinary cases of gland-transplantation into women, where the +patient is in good physical condition, with no disease of the organs, +the operation is as simple as in the case of the man. The speculum +discloses the condition of the vagina, and the insertion of the new +ovary is into the mucous membrane of the vagina, leaving the goat-ovary +about four inches distant from the woman’s. The only incision made is a +small one, about one inch long, painless under local anesthetic, the +purpose of the +<span class = "pagenum">24</span> +<!-- png 028 --> +incision being to get a blood supply for the goat-ovary. Sometimes one +ovary is implanted, sometimes two; invariably the new ovary is trimmed +to a reduction in size. Invariably it is implanted within twenty minutes +of its removal from the nanny-goat. Unfortunately for the goat, the +removal of her ovaries usually costs her her life. She mopes for a few +days, refuses to eat, and dies. She is always given a general +anesthetic, and the removal is painless at least, if fatal. Pursuing the +conclusions drawn from his long experience, Dr. Brinkley has found that +women derive more instant benefit from the glands than men with respect +to their awakened enthusiasm, improved appearance, and recovery of the +feeling of poise and well-being. Very noticeable is the change of figure +which follows the implanting of the new ovaries in the case of a fat +woman. The change is equally marked in the case of a fat man. A man +of abnormal weight, 250 lbs., lost fifty pounds in two weeks following +the operation, during which time he remained at the hospital, feeling +well and strong, but shrinking in girth amazingly. When he left the +hospital his clothes hung about him in bags and folds. The fat woman’s +spirits seem to rise as her weight decreases, and she feels as if she +had indeed regained the buoyancy of her youth.</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley by no means asserts that the woman whose ovaries have +been removed by surgical operation will grow two new ovaries after the +transplantation has been made, but he cites the case of a woman whose +ovaries had +<span class = "pagenum">25</span> +<!-- png 029 --> +been removed by surgical operation some years previous, the uterus +remaining intact, in whom he implanted two goat-ovaries, and whose +periods shortly afterwards returned on a four-day basis, with +twenty-eight-day interval. He does not say that the goat-ovaries +transplanted into the woman have grown new ovaries, but there remains +the phenomenon of the renewed menstruation, and this is very difficult +to account for. In barren women, from twenty-eight to thirty-five years +of age, in whom he has found not a diseased, but an atrophied, condition +of the ovaries, the transplantation has invariably been attended with +success to the removal of the barrenness, the new glands evidently +bringing about the development of ova. Nor does Dr. Brinkley say that in +the case of a man who has had both glands removed by surgical operation, +the transplantation will produce new glands for the man, and yet he has +had two successes to offset several failures in this very result, +without any clue to why the success followed in the one case and not in +the other. The work is yet in its infancy stage, and Dr. Brinkley is the +first to admit that there is far more about it to be known than he has +yet succeeded in knowing. He is averse to experimenting upon women +patients at this stage of his knowledge, and has many times refused to +transplant the glands for women who have requested him to perform the +operation for them. One such case was at the hospital during the +writer’s visit there in April. She was a paralysis case, quite fat, +unable to walk except by putting forward +<span class = "pagenum">26</span> +<!-- png 030 --> +one foot at a time, supported by the arm of someone on each side of her. +She was driven to the hospital in an automobile, accompanied by her +husband and daughter, from the farm—two hundred miles away! Dr. +Brinkley strongly urged her not to have the gland operation performed at +all, but she insisted upon giving it a trial. It is too soon yet to +speak of results in this case, but in Dr. Brinkley’s view it is asking +too much of the glands to expect them to produce favorable results in a +case of this severity. Yet, at this time, there was in the hospital a +young woman suffering from Dementia Praecox, whose mother had been +watching over her for twelve years, and on whom the affliction of her +daughter had so weighed that she told the writer she wished God would +take one or the other of them, because it was more than she could bear. +This young woman had been confined in the State Hospital for the Insane, +and had been treated by specialists for many years, without any benefit +at all. There was some homicidal mania, much depression, and attempts at +suicide. She could not be left alone in her room for a moment. But the +day after the transplantation of the glands this young woman embraced +her mother, and talked so rationally to her that she called in Dr. +Brinkley, and with tears repeated what her daughter had just said. Dr. +Brinkley advised her that the results were altogether too sudden to +build upon. “There will certainly be ups and downs yet,” he said. “You +must expect good days and bad days, when you will doubt if your daughter +is any +<span class = "pagenum">27</span> +<!-- png 031 --> +better. But, to make a normal recovery, she <b>ought</b> to show an +alternation of good and bad days, with the good days gradually drawing +ahead and becoming more frequent and more marked. I look for her to +recover entirely in a year’s time, but she will always retain her +sensitiveness and a certain amount of hysteria, so that things that +would not bother you or me will hurt her grievously. You must be +prepared to expect this to happen. But I see no reason at all why she +should not in the near future become a happy wife and mother.” The +blessings of this good mother were a reward in themselves, and were so +received by the doctor and his wife. When such results as this are +obtained it becomes very difficult to draw a line and say, “The +goat-glands will do no good here.” Physicians of the best standing had +said to this poor mother before she took her daughter to Kansas, “So +you’re determined to try the goat-glands? You are wasting your time and +money. Brinkley is nothing but a fake. If there were any help for your +daughter we could cure her. We can do nothing. There is no help for +her!” This was repeated to the writer by the mother, and he vouches for +its truth. Is it not evident that a better understanding of the +goat-gland operation is highly desirable among physicians and surgeons +today?</p> + +<p>Quite a frequent style of inquiry from women to the doctor runs like +this: “I am in good health, and in every way normal; age 35. +I want to remain as I am, and grow no older in appearance than I am +today. Do you think +<span class = "pagenum">28</span> +<!-- png 032 --> +that the goat-gland operation would keep me from getting any older?” To +this kind of inquiry Dr. Brinkley makes a stereotyped reply, something +as follows: “If you are today in good health I should not advise the +goat-gland operation, but would advise it in your case as soon as you +have passed the change of life, in ten or fifteen years from now.” To +the writer he said, “I cannot conscientiously advise this woman to +submit to this operation, because I don’t know that the glands would +advantage her in any way. They might, or they might not. I don’t +know. It is therefore experimental work, and I cannot take her money for +an experiment. I must have something definite in the way of +experience to go upon. There must be some evident condition of +ill-health to be set right. But, on the other hand, though I will not +advise these people to take the gland operation, there may be something +in her idea that the glands will arrest age and hold it back. +I have never been in a position where I could afford to experiment +on young and healthy human beings, and this point can only be settled by +such experiment upon healthy and young human beings. I should say +at a guess that the operation would do her no good, but you understand +that this is a guess only. I do not know anything about it. All +such things as this we shall learn by degrees by further experiment. At +present I am kept busy attending to cases of real sickness, or defined +conditions of arrest of function, where I have experience to guide me in +saying that the gland-operation will be of benefit, but, if I could +<span class = "pagenum">29</span> +<!-- png 033 --> +afford to perform a few of these experimental operations for nothing, at +no cost to the patient, I should be glad of the chance. There is so +much yet to be learned in this work.”</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">30</span> +<!-- png 034 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_IV" id = "chap_IV">CHAPTER IV</a></h3> + +<h4>DR. BRINKLEY’S OWN STORY</h4> + + +<p>The <b>New York American</b>, issue of March 14, 1920, carried the +following articles:</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>GOAT GLANDS SUCCESSFUL</b></p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>Head of Hospital Tells of the Curing of Sterility by the New +Discovery and of Control of Sex Through Simple Operation—Disease +and Insanity Also Banished.</b></p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>By Dr. W. H. Ballou</b></p> + +<p>Dr. J. R. Brinkley, head of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training +School for Nurses at Milford, Kansas, has now furnished to the +scientific world what are termed “ample proof cases” that by +implantation of the fresh interstitial glands of the goat sterile people +may bear children of either sex desired. Already the town is filling up +with childless people waiting to be operated upon. Incidentally, cases +of insanity are cured within thirty-six hours after a simple operation. +Other diseases also disappear. Milford is a small town 150 miles west of +Kansas City. Here Dr. Brinkley has performed more than 100 major +operations, and more than 300 minor operations, each one a success; +cured more than 1,000 cases of Influenza, without losing a case; and +cured one “hopeless” case of sleeping-sickness.</p> + +<p>The practice of Dr. Brinkley accords with the investigations of +glands by Professor +<span class = "pagenum">31</span> +<!-- png 035 --> +Arthur Keith, president of the Anthropological Section of the British +Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Keith states: “The +interstitial gland has as much to do with the growth, in certain +particulars, as the pituitary gland has in general bodily growth. All of +the changes we see in children after they begin to grow, which bring to +prominence racial characteristics, depend upon the action of the +interstitial gland. If the gland is removed, or remains in abeyance, the +maturing of the body is prolonged or altered. Sex differences, the more +robust manifestations of males, are more emphatic in the white than in +either the black or yellow race. This is shown in the beardless face and +almost hairless body of Mongols and Negroes, and especially in Nilotic +tribes of Negroes with long, stork-like legs, which is a manifestation +of abeyance of the interstitial gland. As she grows aged, and her sexual +condition closes, woman assumes the coarser and more masculine +appearance, due to the loss of functioning of this gland. It is the +prime factor in differentiating the races of mankind.”</p> + +<p>Kingsley affirms, in “Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates” that +“interstitial cells carries secretions in man which pass into the blood. +They apparently cause secondary male characters such as, among other +things, hair on the face and change of voice at the close of boyhood. +They govern most female characteristics.”</p> + +<p>We are on the eve of a tremendous revolution, which must cause a +drastic revision of all +<span class = "pagenum">32</span> +<!-- png 036 --> +works on zoology, anatomy, genetics, physiology, and evolution in +general. The enormous investigations of glands and their secretions have +sprung up and focused since the middle of the World War period. These +investigations are rapidly resulting in a new surgery and a new practice +of medicine.</p> + + +<p class = "center"> +<b>Discoverer of New Method of Rejuvenation Tells History</b></p> + +<p class = "center"> +By Dr. J. R. Brinkley</p> + +<p>My first operation was upon a husband in a childless family, +forty-six years old, and married for sixteen years. His wife was +forty-two years old. I transplanted in him the interstitial gland +of a male goat. His health improved almost at once, and he thereafter +looked and acted like a man many years younger. Within a year he was the +father of a fine baby boy. The father continues to retain his improved +vitality. The boy was named “Billy” in honor of the goat.</p> + +<p>Next a young woman came to me for the operation. I found her +glands diseased, removed them, and replaced them with the interstitial +glands of a male goat. Her recovery was speedy. A year later she +gave birth to a strong boy baby, now four months old. These were but the +beginnings. Other women desired female offspring and have received the +glands of the female goat. There are now some twenty-five cases in the +hospital at Milford receiving goat-glands.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<!-- png 037 --> +<span class = "pagenum illus">32</span> +<img src = "images/pic37.jpg" width = "398" height = "543" +alt = "see caption"></p> + +<p class = "caption"> +<span class = "extended">THE DEMENTIA PRAECOX CASE</span>,<br> +<span class = "extended">AND MISS LEWIS HEAD NURSE</span></p> + + +<!-- png 038 --> + +<span class = "pagenum">33</span> +<!-- png 039 --> +<p><b>Insanity Is Cured.</b> In the hospital is a man who came from New +York City recently and received two male goat-glands upon his arrival. +During his past he had been in three New York Insane Asylums, and had +gone to the Mayo and other institutions. Nothing had been accomplished +for his case, and he had been told finally that he was incurable and +must remain a mental defective. He had decided to commit suicide if I +failed to remedy his condition. In thirty-six hours after the insertion +of goat-glands his temperature had risen to above 103 degrees, but +became normal twenty-four hours later, and has since remained so. His +mind has gradually cleared, he looks and feels younger, and is +contemplating marriage. The hideous dreams and nightmares which had +destroyed his sleep and rest for many past years have left him, and he +now eats and sleeps well. Apparently the cure is complete.</p> + +<p>A case of Dementia Praecox, violent in character, was brought to me +as a result of the cure in the above case. Restraint was necessary, even +to the strapping of his hands, feet and body to the bed. He was in all +respects a typical insane asylum case, destined to remain under +restraint. The second day after two male goat glands had been inserted +he spoke to me, saying, “Doctor, won’t you please remove the straps so I +can rest comfortably? I am perfectly aware of everything now and +feel as if snatched from the grave.” We removed his shackles and on the +following day he called for books to read. He made a beautiful +<span class = "pagenum">34</span> +<!-- png 040 --> +convalescence and a perfect recovery. He is now with his wife and +children at home, transacting his business as a normal and sane man. +Since 90 per cent of insanity cases and 75 per cent of divorce cases are +due to diseased glands, I may be pardoned for holding out hope to a +vast, hopeless class, numbered at over 3,000,000 Americans.</p> + +<p><b>Sterility Is Banished.</b> As a rule the women who come to me for +treatment prefer to bear male children. In such cases it is essential +that they should receive the interstitial glands of the male goat. We +have in hospital at the moment, however, a childless married woman +of twenty-eight, who wishes devoutly for a female child. We found her +sterile of a natural gland and inserted the gland of a female goat. Her +transformation has been remarkable, and I am confident her first child +will be a girl.</p> + +<p>You naturally ask about the future, which can only be premised. Women +who have received male goat-glands will continue to bear male children, +if any; those that receive the female goat glands will continue to bear +girl babies. The future carries a promise of much information to be +gleaned along this line. I cannot say what would happen if the +husband were to receive male goat glands and the wife female goat +glands. Their progeny might or might not be mixed. We will try it on any +sterile couple that desires, knowing positively that normal children of +one or both sexes will result.</p> + +<p>Where substitution of glands of any character is essential, they +should be taken from the goat operated upon immediately before the +<span class = "pagenum">35</span> +<!-- png 041 --> +human implanting, and be inserted at once. Glands should not be taken +from the ape or other animal for human use. The goat is immune to +tuberculosis, He is a clean animal, full of health and vitality. Apes +are very subject to tuberculosis. One can never tell whether an ape is +diseaseless or not. It is generally unlawful to substitute our human +glands, and, even though they could be readily obtained, they are apt to +be infected with some disease.</p> + +<p>The essential element of foods is the vitamin, a nitrogenous +substance of indeterminate nature. Without it we would starve, though +eating plenty of proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and water. +Nothing will sustain life if the vitamins are absent from the diet. +Goat’s milk contains these important substances in greater abundance +than any other animal food.</p> + +<p><b>The Goat Reacts Like Human.</b> The goat alone among mammals +reacts to poisons almost identically as human beings react, and the +poison gases of the war had precisely the same effect upon him as upon +the soldiers. So 1,500 goats did their bit in the war in an experimental +way. These points in his favor, and other similarities to man, are the +reasons which led me to select the goat as the best possible material in +this work. Goat-glands alone seemed to be harmonious and sympathetic +when transplanted into the human body. In other words, the hormones of +goat and man agree.</p> + +<p>We still know less about the causes of hormones than the effects. On +account of the +<span class = "pagenum">36</span> +<!-- png 042 --> +mutual tolerance of goat and human hormones the goat gland speedily +attaches a blood supply in the human body, and cell by cell is replaced +so that it soon functions as the original gland would had it been +present and normal. The new gland is also exceptional in that it does +not have to be placed near or at the location of the proper human gland. +It can be inserted in any place where it is not liable to injury, even +in the hip in men.<a class = "tag" name = "tag1" id = "tag1" href = +"#note1">*</a></p> + +<p>It should be noted that I do not claim to make old men young again, +or that I have discovered the secret fountain of youth. I am +engaged in the practical work of giving health, normality and progeny to +men and women who have been cheated out of their natural heritage. +I have named the process “re-creative gland operation” in +accordance with the belief now general among <ins class = "notation" +title = "unchanged: form may be correct for 1921">genetists</ins> and +anatomists that if the clock of time is ever to be turned back for +humanity it can only be through glandular transplantations. Glands have +proved much superior to any animal extract or serum in this class of +cases. Often in serums the poison elements are retained, but not the +nutritive. We use the whole goat gland, as a rule, because we do not +know in what part of it the hormones hide. The attempted +transplantations of kidneys have thus far failed because the kidney +product is waste matter, not live cells as in the case of the +interstitial glands.</p> + +<p class = "footnote"> +<a class = "tag" name = "note1" id = "note1" href = +"#tag1">*</a>Author’s Note.—The date of this interview is more +than one year old, March, 1920. Today Dr. Brinkley implants the male +glands by incision in the <ins class = "notation" title = "error for ‘scrotum’">acrotum</ins> of the man, and in no other place whatever, +having found this method of operation the most sure in results. Today he +uses only the male goat-glands for the man, and only the female goat’s +ovaries for the woman.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">37</span> +<!-- png 043 --> +<p class = "center"> +(From The Chicago Tribune, of date February 1, 1920.)</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>GOAT GLANDS GIVE BABIES TO CHILDLESS.</b></p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>Woman and Three Men Become Parents After Transplantation.</b></p> + +<p>Milford, Kansas.—A surgeon in this little Kansas town has +lifted from womanhood the curse of sterility.</p> + +<p>He is Dr. J. R. Brinkley, chief surgeon of the Brinkley-Jones +Hospital of Milford.</p> + +<p>For several years Dr. Brinkley has made a study of the +transplantation of the interstitial glands and its results. Two years +ago he performed his first operation upon a human being. Since then he +has circumvented nature four times, making it possible for three men and +one woman to become parents. He is awaiting results hopefully in four +other cases.</p> + +<p>The most remarkable case is that of the woman. She is a young married +woman of Milford, who had been married several years and had despaired +of bearing children. About a year and a half ago she heard of Dr. +Brinkley and his success with interstitial gland operations. She went to +him and asked him if he could cure her sterility. Dr. Brinkley made no +promises—he never does. But he told her +<span class = "pagenum">38</span> +<!-- png 044 --> +the operation was a simple one, and that it would improve her health, +even if it failed to give her a child. She gladly submitted to the +operation.</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley removed an interstitial gland from a live male goat. He +made a slight incision in the woman’s abdomen, inserted the gland and +stitched it in. In a week the patient was about her household duties +again. Six months ago she gave birth to a healthy baby. It was a boy. +The mother was the happiest woman in Kansas.</p> + +<p>The surgeon had treated six other cases similarly, but all were +men—men who loved children and yearned for parenthood. Three of +the men are now fathers of healthy children.</p> + +<p>In each case Dr. Brinkley had used male goat glands—and all the +babies were boys.</p> + +<p>Then this occurred to him:—</p> + +<p>“If I transplant female goat glands maybe the babies will be girls!” +He decided to try it, and two months ago his opportunity arrived. +A woman came to him just as his first woman patient had come. She +was 28 years old, had been married six years, and was childless. Dr. +Brinkley performed the operation, using the glands of a female goat. He +is now awaiting results. “I do not say this woman will have a girl +baby,” said Dr. Brinkley today, “but I am experimenting. It may be +merely a coincidence that all the babies so far have been boys. So far +as I know, I am the first surgeon to experiment with gland +implantation in women. I am also the first to use goat glands in +preference to others.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">39</span> +<!-- png 045 --> +<p>“Unquestionably I have cured sterility in one woman, and I have +utmost faith that it can be cured in any other, so long as all of her +organs are not missing. The operation is a little more difficult than it +is in the case of men, but no more serious. Where a man recovers, and +can get about, in two or three days, a woman recovers in a +week.</p> + +<p>“All of my patients are much improved in their general health as a +result of the operation. I wouldn’t say that this operation holds +the secret of eternal youth. I don’t know. All my patients have +been between the ages of 32 and 48, so that I cannot speak from +experience. I believe, however, that the operation will prolong +life; I know that it improves the health in every way. But I cannot +say that it will restore the bloom of youth to an old man’s cheek. +I am considering, however, an operation upon a man 80 years old who +came to me and asked for the operation. Whether he would be able to have +children as a result of it I do not know.”</p> + +<p>None of Dr. Brinkley’s patients had been parents until they came to +him. Now the oldest of the babies is 13 months; another is 8 months and +a third is 6. Dr. Brinkley does not claim to be a specialist in gland +implantation; he is merely a practicing surgeon who has made a study of +the subject and is doing what he can to help unfortunate people. The +doctor’s modesty until now has hidden his remarkable discovery from the +world, but he is now writing a report on his results.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">40</span> +<!-- png 046 --> +<p class = "center"> +(From the San Diego, Cal., <b>Union</b>, of date, February 7, +1920.)</p> + +<p>Scientists who formerly ignored Dr. Brinkley’s letters are now +writing to him asking him for exhaustive reports of his work. The +sarcastic attitude came largely heretofore from those who were unwilling +to believe that such operations of the highest scientific importance, +were being performed in an out of the way village that couldn’t be found +on a railway map.</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley, who was graduated from the Medical Department of Loyola +University, and who has traveled over all the world, explained his +residence in Milford. After leaving the army he sought a location in a +small town, selecting Milford as the result of a newspaper +advertisement, and going there, found it to consist of less than 200 +inhabitants. But the surrounding territory was rich and the farmers +prosperous, and in the isolated location he saw the chance of continuing +experiments begun at Bellevue Hospital, New York. Later he found himself +compelled to build his own hospital to care for the patients that +arrived, attracted by the news of the goat-gland operations. Dr. +Brinkley is 35 years old and has been a skilled surgeon for more than 15 +years. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of +Science, the American Medical Association, the Missouri Valley Medical +Association, the Kansas Medical Association, and a Fellow of the +Clinical Congress of Internal Medicine. He is also a 32nd Degree +Mason.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">41</span> +<!-- png 047 --> +<p>In the treatment of pneumonia and influenza Dr. Brinkley uses serums +of his own invention. In the treatment of his cases of influenza last +year the reports of the health authorities of Geary County, Kansas, show +that Dr. Brinkley didn’t lose a single case. Milford is in Geary County, +and Geary County swears by Dr. Brinkley.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">42</span> +<!-- png 048 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_V" id = "chap_V">CHAPTER V</a></h3> + +<h4>A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT</h4> + + +<p>The intention in offering for your perusal the preceding newspaper +accounts of Dr. Brinkley’s work in the opening months of the year 1920 +was to show you what his views at that time were regarding the value of +the gland operation which he has since made his life-work. The Chicago +Tribune speaks of it as incidental to his general work as a surgeon. Dr. +Brinkley himself speaks of shortly beginning an experiment upon an old +man of 80. A year later he looked back upon a record of achievement +of the most astounding results in operations performed upon men of 75, +80, and even 81. During this past year he has perfected his technique, +implants the male glands exclusively into men and the female glands or +ovaries into women, and has definitely selected the scrotum of the man +as the only right place in which to introduce the goat-glands for the +transplantation. You are here viewing the development of a great +scientific discovery from the beginning of its employment upon human +beings. Nor is there any reason to suppose that the year 1922 will +produce no embellishment of value in the form of a wider application of +the method. Some very striking limitations have been established during +the past year’s work. For instance:</p> + +<p>If the blood examination shows a positive +<span class = "pagenum">43</span> +<!-- png 049 --> +Wasserman test for syphilis it is useless to transplant the glands, +because they will certainly slough out. Active syphilis is antagonistic +to the goat-tissue. Even latent syphilis, showing a negative Wasserman, +is likely to produce a slough of the glands. Nothing should be concealed +from the doctor, of course, and yet it has happened at the hospital at +Milford that a patient on being questioned in advance of the operation +has emphatically stated that he had never contracted syphilis, and three +days later, after the transplantation, when the sloughing of the new +glands had shown something definitely wrong with the blood, this patient +admitted that he had not spoken the truth in the matter, but had +contracted the disease many years previously. On the other hand, in <ins +class = "notation" title = "error for ‘Locomotor’">Locomoter</ins> +Ataxia, in which there is invariably a history of syphilis, the +goat-glands take hold without exception, the efficacy of the +transplantation in this disease, hitherto incurable by any means known +to man, being due to the power of the new glands to cause a dissolving +of scar-tissue, in the opinion of Dr. Abrams of San Francisco, who +investigated the remarkable results attained by Dr. Brinkley in his +cures of <ins class = "notation" title = "error for ‘Locomotor’">Locomoter</ins> Ataxia by the goat-gland operation.</p> + +<p>If the goat-glands are transplanted into members of the Hebrew race +there follows invariably a high temperature persisting for several days, +after which the cure proceeds normally without any untoward occurrence. +Glands transplanted into a negro will slough, or, at least, they did so +in the one case on +<span class = "pagenum">44</span> +<!-- png 050 --> +which Dr. Brinkley performed the operation, for no apparent reason other +than a supposed racial antagonism to goat-tissue. No experiments have +yet been conducted upon Japanese, Chinese, Hindus, or our native +Indians. When the blood count shows high in white (leucocytes) and low +in red, the glands will slough, but the reverse condition does not hold +true. And now let us consider the case of Mr. Ernst, of Morganville, +Kansas, who is over 77 years of age, and who permits the use of his name +and address. One of the most curious features of his case is that when +he came for the operation his hair, white as snow, was thin on the +scalp, the color of the skin of the scalp showing through the hair, as +it frequently does in the aged. That was almost a year ago. Mr. Ernst’s +hair is now turning black all over the head, the scalp shows a +thickening in the growth, or an increase in the quantity of hair, and +you cannot now see the scalp through the hair. Mr. Ernst wrote an +excellent letter to Dr. Brinkley two months ago, and states that he has +no objection at all to its reproduction. When a personal story of this +kind is offered for use it is as well to use it in its original form, +but this so rarely happens in this work that for its uniqueness alone it +would be worth while to put it before you. With some notable exceptions, +the men patients who have been operated upon by Dr. Brinkley feel +ashamed of the fact. Not for anything would they let their friends or +acquaintances know anything about it. The veil of secrecy is, of course, +never lifted by the doctor. The women +<span class = "pagenum">45</span> +<!-- png 051 --> +patients have none of this false shame, apparently, but enjoy discussing +the results of the operation with their friends. It is, perhaps, natural +that a United States Senator, two of whom have been operated on with +much advantage to themselves, should shrink from the jocose remarks of +friend or foe and the curiosity of acquaintances. There is good reason, +in the case of a public man, for avoidance of notice in the matter, and +that is one of the advantages of having the hospital located in the tiny +village of Milford. If freedom from observation is the wish it is +certainly gratified there. Agreeing, therefore, on the whole, with the +reticence of the public man in this matter, we yet feel a certain +satisfaction in the robust avowals of Mr. Ernst. Follows his letter of +January, 1921:</p> + +<p>“I am 77 years old, employed as commercial salesman by one of the +largest manufacturing companies of its kind in the world, and command a +good salary and the confidence of my employers. Since my operation at +Dr. Brinkley’s hospital I am now their free lance salesman, opening up +new territory and making good money. Any doubting Thomas may send me a +self-addressed envelope if he questions the genuineness of what I say +here about myself, and I will take time to answer him. First, the +operation is absolutely painless. For a number of years I was a martyr +to Sciatica and Muscular Rheumatism. I used every Patent Medicine I +could hear of, besides Osteopathy and Chiropractic, and innumerable +prescriptions from physicians, and received no +<span class = "pagenum">46</span> +<!-- png 052 --> +benefit at all. The sciatic trouble was bad enough, but to this you must +add loss of memory, hydrocele, kidney trouble, constipation, no +appetite, and insomnia. Most nights two hours sleep was the most I could +get, for the pains were incessant. I read in ... the <b>Kansas City +Post</b> last Spring about Dr. Brinkley’s Goat-Gland operation, and +decided to try it right away. I was in such misery I would have +tried <b>anything</b>. Now I want to tell you, in the fewest words, that +the amazing truth is that I have not had a twinge of pain of any kind at +all since the operation, and have only a memory of my former suffering. +This is a marvelous thing. I have the feeling of a youth. Whenever +you want to hear from me I will write again and tell you what changes +have taken place in me as the result of this operation. If I was asked +to put a cash value upon the operation in my own case I could not do it, +but I can say that all I possess in cash would be a poor equivalent for +the difference the operation has made in my life. What is the difference +in cash value between a life that is worth living and one that is +constant misery? I don’t know how you would fix that value, but +that is the difference the operation has made in me.</p> + +<p class = "right"> +S. H. ERNST.”</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley has kept in close touch with Mr. Ernst, and received +other letters, not for publication, in which the old gentleman went +frankly into details of the change that had been wrought in him by the +operation in the matter of astonishing sexual vigor. For +<span class = "pagenum">47</span> +<!-- png 053 --> +obvious reasons such details, while of the greatest scientific interest, +cannot be more than hinted at in a book, and we must content ourselves +with the acceptance of the fact as a fact of interest to science, to Dr. +Brinkley, to the world of aged men at our doors, and to Mr. Ernst +particularly, rejoicing in his new-found vigor.</p> + +<p>Apart from the genuinely happy tone of his letters to Dr. Brinkley, +the phenomenon of the darkening of the hair strikes most sharply on the +attention. Perhaps our satisfaction in this particular piece of evidence +of rejuvenation is due to the fact that it is an objective proof; +something visible to the eye, tangible; something for which we are not +required to take anybody’s opinion, but can trust our eyesight for the +fact of it. It is something in which the psychic factor, the feelings, +the imagination, the auto-suggestion, does not enter at all, and that is +why it is exceedingly well worthy of note. Looking back over the years, +and casting up in your minds all the people of sixty and seventy years +of age whom you have known, can you put your finger on a single one +whose hair turned in color from white to dark and at the same time from +thin to thick? You probably cannot. Nor can the writer. It is reasonable +to conclude, therefore, that the goat-glands alone have done this thing +in the case of Mr. Ernst.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">48</span> +<!-- png 054 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_VI" id = "chap_VI">CHAPTER VI</a></h3> + +<h4>THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS</h4> + + +<p>We must go to the pages of <b>The Chicago Evening American</b> of +date August 18, 1920, for the story of Chancellor Tobias, written by +Lloyd Lehrbas, of the American staff, with a brief introductory note, as +follows:</p> + +<p>(Here is one of the most remarkable news stories ever published in +any Chicago newspaper. So startling is its detail that <b>The Chicago +Evening American</b> in the interest of absolute accuracy submitted it +to the person most concerned for his approval, so there can be no +question concerning the facts, scientific or otherwise. Other men and +women involved are not mentioned because the facts being established in +the most important case, it is not considered necessary.)</p> + +<p>Goat interstitial gland operations have been successfully performed +on J. J. Tobias, Chancellor of the Chicago Law School, and +thirty-five other Chicago men and women by <ins class = "correction" +title = ". invisible">Dr.</ins> J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, Kansas, +who has been in Chicago for the past six weeks, performing the +operations every day.</p> + +<p>An alderman, a well-known political figure, living on the Gold Coast, +a judge, a prominent real estate man, a newspaper man, +three women, one of whom is well known on the North Shore, and other +Chicagoans, have found the lost Fountain of Youth as a result of the +<span class = "pagenum">49</span> +<!-- png 057 --> +miracle-surgeon’s transplanting the revivifying interstitial glands of a +goat into their human bodies.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<!-- png 055 --> +<span class = "pagenum illus">48</span> +<img src = "images/pic55.jpg" width = "502" height = "402" +alt = "see caption"></p> + +<p class = "caption"> +<span class = "extended">THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL</span>,<span class = +"extended"> MILFORD</span>,<span class = "extended"> KANSAS</span>, U. +S. A.</p> +<!-- png 056 --> + +<p>The story of Dr. Brinkley’s knife magic is the story of a surgeon’s +study and experimenting for nine years, ending with the successful +accomplishment of the gland operation performed on thirty-six +Chicagoans, who are alive and healthy today.</p> + +<p>The complete story, with laboratory data, the name of one of the +prominent patients, and an authorized interview with Dr. Brinkley is +told for the first time in <b>The Evening American</b> today.</p> + +<p><b>Successful on Women.</b> Proof that the operation has been +successful on women as well as men makes the story of increased +interest. Until now it has been the general conception that the +operation was successful on men only. A Chicago woman is now +supremely happy because, after years of hoping, the operation has made +it possible for her to become a mother.</p> + +<p>Five months ago, Chancellor Tobias was, in his own words, played out. +His years of teaching in the Chicago Law School had reduced his +vitality.</p> + +<p>Chancellor Tobias went to Dr. Brinkley’s hospital and submitted to +the operation in order to relieve arterial congestion in the brain, +caused by two attacks of influenza, a year apart. So serious had +become his condition and so severe the attacks of vertigo and high blood +pressure, that his attending physician informed him he was in imminent +danger of +<span class = "pagenum">50</span> +<!-- png 058 --> +death. The planting of the interstitial glands in Chancellor Tobias’ +body relieved the congestion and fully eliminated the cause.</p> + +<p><b>Purged of All Ills.</b> Today he has dropped the years from his +shoulders, purged his body and brain of ills, and stands revivified.</p> + +<p>“I feel like a youth again,” the aged chancellor said today. “I’m a +new man.”</p> + +<p>The stories of the other Chicagoans who have been benefited by the +operation read like fiction. They were ill, they were old, they +apparently were beyond the skill of the surgeon’s knife, or spiritual +hope. Now from their own lips come paeans of glorification for restored +vitality and youth, all due to the humble goat and the surgical skill of +a country surgeon.</p> + +<p><b>Tobias’ Own Story.</b> Today I called at the law school in the +Monadnock Building to see Chancellor Tobias and get the story from his +own lips. The reports seemed too rosy. The facts seemed overstated. The +results appeared to me unduly magnified. But here was a prominent lawyer +who had the operation performed. Here was assurance there would be no +buncombe from him.</p> + +<p>An alert, peppy, gray-haired man sprang up to greet me, his eyes, the +eyes of youth, his step firm and sprightly, his handclasp steady and +strong. And yet he was 71 years old!</p> + +<p>“Do you really feel younger?”</p> + +<p><b>Twenty-five Years Younger.</b> Chancellor Tobias threw out his +chest, squared his shoulders,—and smiled. “I feel twenty-five +years younger. I’m a new man, strong, and good +<span class = "pagenum">51</span> +<!-- png 059 --> +for twenty years of work,” he replied. “I was ill, old, and played +out, but the operation has completely revivified me.”</p> + +<p>“How does it feel to have been old, and then become young again?”</p> + +<p>“Glorious!”</p> + +<p><b>Was “Played Out.”</b> And here is Chancellor Tobias’ story of the +fountain of youth.</p> + +<p>“After teaching for twenty-five years in the Chicago Law School,” he +said. “I was played out. I suffered intense headaches. My +eyesight began failing. There was a constant ringing in my ears. +Dizziness came with increasing regularity. Mentally and physically I was +an old man. Then I heard of Dr. Brinkley.”</p> + +<p>Chancellor Tobias went to Milford, Kansas, as a last hope in March of +this year.</p> + +<p>On March 26 Dr. Brinkley selected a two months’ old goat and removed +the interstitial glands. They were placed in a solution at body heat and +taken to the operating room. Dr. Tobias was given an anesthetic. Dr. +Brinkley leaned over the operating table, made a quick, accurate +incision, planted the goat gland, and fifteen minutes later the +operation was over.</p> + +<p><b>Eyesight Improves.</b> “Four days after the operation,” the +Chancellor continued, “the headaches had disappeared, and my eyesight +was greatly improved. And seven days afterwards, I left the +hospital a new man.”</p> + +<p>One month after the operation Chancellor Tobias wrote to Dr. +Brinkley: “I really feel twenty years younger. My health has +<span class = "pagenum">52</span> +<!-- png 060 --> +improved wonderfully. I have regained my lost vigor and vitality. +I’m a recreated youth.”</p> + +<p>And today even Chancellor Tobias’ fellow faculty members, many of +them nationally famous attorneys, admit that Dr. Tobias has improved 100 +per cent.</p> + +<p><b>“Almost Unbelievable.”</b> “I hesitate to speak of this,” +Chancellor Tobias said. “It is so wonderful it is almost unbelievable. +The public cannot appreciate what the operation means. There has been +some levity over the news of the gland operations, but it should be +treated with the greatest respect and admiration. The operation has been +a success on me so I am in a position to speak authoritatively. It is +one of the greatest things of the century.”</p> + +<p>Among the other thirty-five patients who have been successfully +operated on are many well-known to thousands of people in Chicago. Here +are some typical Chicago cases omitting names:</p> + +<p>Policeman <span class = "dash">——</span>, aged 60, +suffering from chronic diabetes and a general breakdown, which was about +to compel his retirement from the force. Operated on August 9. Left the +hospital yesterday feeling like “a new man.”</p> + +<p>Alderman <span class = "dash">——</span>, aged 55, chronic +asthma sufferer. Operated on April 26. Asthma had disappeared by the +time he left the hospital. Declared he felt years younger and is now +completely revivified.</p> + +<p>Mr. G<span class = "dash">——</span>, newspaperman, aged +39. Suffered from complete nervous breakdown from overwork. Operated on +April 25. Resumed +<span class = "pagenum">53</span> +<!-- png 061 --> +work almost immediately, full of pep, and today is the picture of +health.</p> + +<p>Judge <span class = "dash">——</span>, aged 58. Premature +old age from hardening of the arteries. Operated on April 28. Because of +his wonderful improvement in health has changed his mind about retiring +from the bench.</p> + +<p><b>Operation Painless.</b> “Ignorance about the gland transplanting +is almost universal,” I told Dr. Brinkley. “I know nothing of +it. Tell me how it is done, why you use goat-glands, all the whys and +wherefores, so the readers of <b>The American</b> will have some +authentic information. Is the operation painful?”</p> + +<p>“No,” Dr. Brinkley replied. “It is a simple incision with very little +actual pain. In practically all cases a local anesthetic is used. +A general anesthetic is used only in exceptional cases.”</p> + +<p>“How long does the operation take?”</p> + +<p>“Fifteen to twenty minutes. It is as simple as grafting new shoots on +a fruit tree. No part of the human gland is removed. The goat-gland is +simply planted to take the place of the old gland.”</p> + +<p>“And the hospital confinement?”</p> + +<p>“One week, to rest the patient and allow the gland to begin +functioning without undue exertion.”</p> + +<p>“Any danger?”</p> + +<p>“None whatever. It’s like grafting on a piece of skin. There is +absolutely no danger.”</p> + +<p><b>Eliminates Disorders.</b> Lost youth is regained, according to Dr. +Brinkley, as a result of the revivifying fluid secreted by the +transplanted +<span class = "pagenum">54</span> +<!-- png 062 --> +gland, leading to the elimination of organic disorders that are +hastening old age.</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley explained in detail:</p> + +<p>“I began my experiments nine years ago, and began using goat-glands +three years ago in the interstitial gland operation because the +goat-glands resemble to a large degree the human glands in their +histological make-up. The interstitial glands and the blood, of a goat, +are a very close approach in their constituents to those of a human +being.</p> + +<p>“Old people are simply broken down. The goat-gland secretes the fluid +that builds up the brokendown parts of the human body. Eyesight improves +50 per cent. If a man is underweight he will gain to normal, and if he +is overweight he will reduce to normal, showing that the goat glands +actually function.”</p> + +<p><b>Chronic Diseases Cured.</b> “Chronic skin diseases are cleared up. +Stomach trouble disappears under the new gland’s guardianship of the +body. I have the laboratory data, the scientific records, and the +actual revivified patients to prove it. The only unsuccessful cases are +certain people whose blood lacks necessary essentials, and they are +few.”</p> + +<p>Dr. Brinkley gives Dr. G. Frank Lydston of Chicago credit for +performing the first gland transplanting operations.</p> + +<p><b>Lydston Is Pioneer.</b> “Dr. Lydston is the pioneer,” Dr. Brinkley +said. “He was the first man to transplant glands from a human to a +human. I have never transplanted anthropoid ape glands, as Dr. +Voronoff of Paris, and only in three cases human glands, as Dr. Lydston, +<span class = "pagenum">55</span> +<!-- png 063 --> +and I was not pleased with the results in those three cases. I was +the first to transplant goat glands. Dr. Serge Voronoff has performed +the operation on only two human beings. He failed to give Dr. Lydston +credit, although it is obvious he followed Dr. Lydston’s book.”</p> + +<p class = "gap">****</p> + +<p>This completes Mr. Lehrbas’ interview. In the same paper, <b>The +Chicago Evening American</b>, a month later, date of September 15, +appeared the following account of another visit to Chancellor Tobias, +written by Edward M. Thierry:</p> + +<p>J. J. Tobias, chancellor of the Chicago Law School, told me it was +none of my business how old he is. He’s got a goat-gland sewed into his +innards and I was trying to get some personal Ponce de Leon +statistics.</p> + +<p>“I’m over 50,” Tobias conceded. “How much I won’t say. But I will say +my clock has been turned back from ten to twenty years! Just look +at me!”</p> + +<p>He jumped out of his chair—er—friskily. That’s the only +expressive word. Tobias is little, thin and wiry. His face wrinkles up +and his teeth flash when he smiles. He has grey hair and talks with +quick jerks—as if his energy is running a race with his +tongue.</p> + +<p>“I’m rejuvenated,” Tobias said. “Time will tell whether my goat-gland +will make me live longer. I had that operation on last March 26, +and I’m still living. I’m no decrepit old man, either.”</p> + +<p>Tobias was operated on by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, who has caused a furor +in medical circles +<span class = "pagenum">56</span> +<!-- png 064 --> +through his many successful goat-gland operations.</p> + +<p>Critics of Dr. Brinkley make Tobias tired. Get his goat, so to speak. +He says he knows what he’s talking about, for he was formerly lecturer +in a Chicago medical college.</p> + +<p>“Seventy-five years ago my father had a little German machine,” +Tobias said, “called the ‘life waker.’ It was a disk as big as a dollar +with a lot of needles in it. You jabbed it into the small of the back +and waked life that way. We can laugh at that archaic system, for it was +crude. Now we’re more scientific. Witness the transplantation of +goat-glands.”</p> + +<p>Tobias said he went to see Dr. Brinkley at Milford, Kansas, to +investigate his goat-gland discovery because of long suffering from +congestion of the brain arteries. Doctors had told him he was in danger +of death because of severe attacks of vertigo and a high blood +pressure.</p> + +<p>“The operation,” Tobias said, “occupied about 20 minutes. Within +three hours after the operation the goat-gland began to function, the +congestion was relieved, and within three days the cause was +eliminated.</p> + +<p>“I am a new man physically, with new mental vigor, and a new power of +sustained effort. I can distinctly sense the function of a new +gland in my body.”</p> + +<p>It must have functioned muscularly, for when I left Tobias gave me a +knuckle-crushing grip which made it necessary to write this story with +my left hand.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">57</span> +<!-- png 065 --> +<p class = "space"> +These newspaper articles are printed here without change, in spite of +evident repetitions, because of their evidential value. It is an old +trick of the public press in the United States, and probably in Europe +also, to start a sensation with a blazing front page story, and in the +course of a few weeks follow it with a complete and sarcastic expose of +the whole matter as a baseless fabrication, piling facts on facts to +show that the first story was an ingenious piece of deception got up by +the subject with the purpose of making capital out of the credulity of +the public. There are no better detectives in the world than newspaper +men. They work for the love of it. An expose is dearer to the +detective-instinct in them than a laudatory article, and they leave no +stone unturned to get at the facts. When, therefore, after the lapse of +months, the newspapers of the United States repeat and confirm their +first stories about Dr. Brinkley’s work it means something to one who +knows their methods of working. Money cannot buy this sort of publicity. +There must be facts, and facts of value, and facts verified again and +again, before stories of this kind appear and reappear in the great +organs of publicity in all the big cities of the United States. How far +they carry, and how wide-reaching is the interest, will be understood by +the statement that the announcement of Dr. Brinkley’s work, printed +first in American newspapers, and copied in the English papers, has +brought him urgent requests to visit South Africa, Australia, Sweden, +Scotland, and many other +<span class = "pagenum">58</span> +<!-- png 066 --> +countries. From England in particular come requests from women that he +do not fail to make a journey to some part of Europe in the summer of +1921, in order that they may take the operation with a view to bearing +children. This he has arranged to do about June of this year, expecting +to find in England a climate during the months of June, July and August, +which will not be too hot to prevent him from transplanting the +goat-glands. He does not operate at his hospital in Kansas during June, +July and August, on account of the heat, having found that when the +outdoor temperature is high the glands will certainly slough. The high +temperature without seems to create a high temperature for the patient, +and the result is a wasted pair of good goat glands, with loss of time +and money to all concerned. In England in the summer it should be +necessary to wait a few days only for right climatic conditions to +present themselves, and be sure that they will do so. There are the +further matters of a supply of goats of the right Toggenburg breed, +a place to keep them, in close proximity to the operating hospital, +and the hospital itself, to be dealt with suitably in the shortest +possible space of time after arrival. The supply of goats can probably +be best procured direct from Switzerland through some London importer, +and the other matters will no doubt fall easily into place. The goats +must not come from a high altitude, or their glands will not contain a +right amount of iodine. This is curiously important. Dr. Brinkley cannot +use goats from Colorado for +<span class = "pagenum">59</span> +<!-- png 067 --> +that reason. If the doctor’s reception in England is cordial he will +probably make his visit there an annual summer affair of three months’ +duration for some years to come, which would give him an opportunity of +keeping in continued touch with his English and European patients. The +English are a practical people, and less sensitive than we to, or more +careless of, ridicule, and they are likely to grasp the importance of +Dr. Brinkley’s work on the instant of his arrival, compelling a long +visit.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">60</span> +<!-- png 068 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_VII" id = "chap_VII">CHAPTER VII</a></h3> + +<h4>PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT</h4> + + +<p>Writing with vivacity and humor, Mr. Clarence Day, Jr., speculates +with so much whimsicality upon the possible effects of surgical +rejuvenation of men that one might overlook the keenness of his +observation in a hurried perusal of his article. For the sake of +preserving it for more leisurely study, and because the points raised +are really worthy of attention, the article is reproduced here in full, +with acknowledgments to <b>The Literary Review</b>, in which it first +appeared, of date November 20, 1920. Says Mr. Day:</p> + +<p>Biologists really seem to be discovering ways of making men young +again. So far, it is like making men drunk; the state that is produced +does not last. But it looks as though they might succeed in adding a +chapter to life. I wish it could be added to the other end: to +youth instead of to the last flickers. But if we can renew and re-live +middle-age, that will be better still.</p> + +<p>A man named Steinach, in Vienna, has been experimenting for ten years +with rats. Full accounts of his work were published last summer in the +great biological journal founded by Roux, and these were summarized and +discussed by the London <b>Athenaeum</b>, which is now the most +interesting of all English weeklies. It is from the <b>Athenaeum’s</b> +account that I am taking these facts.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">61</span> +<!-- png 069 --> +<p>Steinach has been studying the interstitial cells that fill in the +spaces between the tubules of the testes, in males, and between the +follicles of the ovaries in females. His reason for choosing these cells +for his experiments is that they are a well-spring of life. Furthermore, +since all our vital functions are interrelated, to make these cells +active gives the whole organism new life and strength. This is not the +only way of stimulating the organism, but it seems the most +powerful.</p> + +<p>An old rat is like a senile old man; he is bald and emaciated, his +eyes are clouded, his breathing is labored. He stays in one place, with +bent back, and has small interest in anything. If you cut one of his +genital ducts, however, which is a comparatively slight operation, it +has the effect of making the interstitial cells multiply actively. Waves +of life flood his being. Within a few weeks he is transformed. These +currents restore and rebuild him; skin, muscle and mind. Both in looks +and behavior he is indistinguishable from other strong rats.</p> + +<p>He has cast off old age. Senility, which sets in with men when they +are from sixty to eighty years old, begins after twenty to thirty months +in a rat. He is then about through. But when an operation is performed +on a senile rat he gets from six to eight months’ new life. In other +words, the addition to his normal span is 20 to 30 per cent. That would +be a large fraction of life for a man to live over again. The rat lives +it vigorously, eagerly, back in his prime.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">62</span> +<!-- png 070 --> +<p>When senility again comes upon him it is in a modified form. His +organism as a whole is in better shape. It is his mind now that tires. +As Steinach has already cut one or both of his genital ducts, that +method of stimulating his cells cannot, of course, be repeated. But +another operation is ready. Some unfortunate young male is deprived of +his testes by Steinach, and these are implanted forthwith in this hoary +old rat.</p> + +<p>A second spell of active life follows, not so long as the first. It +ends in acute psychic senility. The rat goes all to pieces. It is as if +the brain, twice restimulated to emotion, curiosity, keenness, had +approached the very limit of its running, and was completely +exhausted.</p> + +<p>Steinach has not yet tried whether a third rejuvenation is possible. +That remains to be seen. He lives in Vienna, and everything there has +come to a stop. He has no assistants, no funds, with which to conduct +further experiments. “May happier lands or cities carry the work on,” he +writes at the end.</p> + +<p>It seems as though some rich American ought to stake the old boy.</p> + +<p class = "gap">****</p> + +<p>Steinach has naturally found it more difficult to give new youth to +females. But here, too, he has in a measure succeeded. X-ray treatment +and ovarian transplantation are the methods employed.</p> + +<p>As to human experiments, there is a colleague of Steinach’s named +Lichtenstern, who has operated on numerous men and women +<span class = "pagenum">63</span> +<!-- png 071 --> +with apparent success. There has not been time yet to measure how long +their new lease of life is to be; but they have regained the joy of life +they had lost—strength and powers of work. Still, all this needs +confirming.</p> + +<p>In a rat it is the sexual impulses that are directly reanimated. He +again knows the fevers of courtship, the conflicts of marriage; and +whether he is glad to repeat these commotions depends on the rat. In +man, however, the sexual impulses are more or less sublimated, so that +the new energy may appear in any of the other forms of psychic activity. +Whatever such faculties he has in him once more grow strong.</p> + +<p class = "gap">****</p> + +<p>How wonderful it would be if we could at least prolong certain +lives—great writers like H. G. Wells and Conrad, great +artists, great doctors. But in practice, the men who would get hold of +this would be John D. Rockefeller and W. J. Bryan. The rich uncle +would walk in and tell his hopeless heirs he had been to see Steinach. +Senators would live forever. The world would grow harder for youth.</p> + +<p>Even were we able to control all this, and reserve the boon for the +best, would it work? Say we did choose the right men—is it not too +intimate a suggestion that we should set a man of science upon them, +prepared with a little knife to slice one of their genital ducts? Men +have fought all these years for the right to live. Have they no right to +die? Must an old man who is needed by the public be condemned to live +on, his aged cells stirred and +<span class = "pagenum">64</span> +<!-- png 072 --> +restirred while we glean his brains bare? Some Socrates of the future +may yet envy that other his hemlock.</p> + +<p class = "gap">****</p> + +<p>This, we say it regretfully, is the end of Mr. Day’s article. It is +admirable fooling. We will not pay his wit the poor compliment of taking +him seriously at the last and pointing out to him that it was Heine who +said, “Nobody loves life like an old man!” There will be no need of +insistence to urge the old men, useful or useless, to submit to an +operation to renew their youth. But it is to be hoped that they will +never be asked to submit to the cutting of the genital duct. It seems to +the writer that <b>The Athenaeum</b> must have misconstrued Dr. +Steinach’s experiments in some degree, inasmuch as it is difficult to +conceive of the operation of severing a genital duct as conducive to +cell-formation. However, probably ligating is meant instead of severing. +But this is not the point really brought out by Mr. Day’s clever +article. The real point is, Is it likely that if Mr. John Jones takes +Dr. Brinkley’s goat-gland operation for the renewal of his youth, and +thereby adds thirty years to his life, and at the end of this thirty +years of friskiness undergoes a second transplantation of glands, +thereby gaining twenty years more, and at the end of this twenty years +takes the operation a third time, securing a further lease of gaiety for +ten years, will the final years of Mr. John Jones be years of acute +psychic senility, as observed by Dr. Steinach in his rat? To the writer +it seems a <b>non sequitur</b>. +<span class = "pagenum">65</span> +<!-- png 075 --> +The cases are not parallel. The rejuvenated rat appears to regard his +acquired vitality as impelling toward revelry and excess. It is +necessary to emphasize the point that the pith and marrow of Dr. +Brinkley’s discovery is that since it is clearly shown that rejuvenation +is accomplished by the restoration of activity to the sex-glands, +therefore the preservation of this rejuvenation MUST depend upon the +CONSERVATION of the seminal fluids, and cannot depend upon any other +single factor whatever. It has been already explained that Dr. Brinkley +puts it out of the power of the rejuvenated man to destroy the good that +has come into his life, and protects him against the danger of yielding +too freely to passionate impulse, by preventing the escape of the +rejuvenating agent. The means of nourishing the body and brain being +therefore insured as to supply, it is not reasonable to suppose that the +nerve-cells of the rejuvenated man can fail to receive their proper +nourishment for many succeeding years, and, passing by the rat as a +fallacious parallel, we cannot see any good reason why the human body +and brain, either under the guidance of self-control, or surgically +safeguarded against the waste of excess, should not function at their +best for fifty years of added life, with very possibly another fifty +added to that. The real crux of the matter is the resistive quality of +tissue, which is approximately 200 years for such organs as kidneys and +heart, and, say, 150 for nerve-substance.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<!-- png 073 --> +<span class = "pagenum illus">64</span> +<img src = "images/pic73.jpg" width = "502" height = "404" +alt = "see caption"></p> + +<p class = "caption"> +<span class = "extended">THE OPERATING ROOM AT THE BRINKLEY +HOSPITAL</span></p> +<!-- png 074 --> + + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">66</span> +<!-- png 076 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_VIII" id = "chap_VIII">CHAPTER VIII</a></h3> + +<h4>A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY’S HOSPITAL</h4> + + +<p>The writer, approaching the age of 54, and finding himself in +first-class physical and mental condition, except for a high blood +pressure, which was certainly the prelude to a later arterio-sclerosis, +decided that he would be doing himself a service, and put himself in a +better position to write with some authority upon the effects of the +goat-glands, if he took the operation.</p> + +<p>On Saturday, April 16. 1921, Dr. Brinkley operated on him at the +hospital, Milford, Kansas, transplanting the glands of a three-weeks old +male goat. He remained in bed Saturday and Sunday, got up and went for +an auto drive on Monday, and passed an uneventful week at the hospital, +returning to Chicago on Saturday. He experienced a marked increase in +mental energy, which might have shown itself also as increased physical +energy if it had been put to the test. This feeling of added pep, snap, +energy, or what you please to call it, could be psychological in its +origin if it were not for the fact that it is continuous, with no +set-backs. Every student of psychology is aware that auto-suggestion has +the power to bring out latent energy, raise the drooping spirits, and +generate a feeling of well-being. But the student, if he is a reasonably +close observer, is also aware that these improved +<span class = "pagenum">67</span> +<!-- png 077 --> +states of feeling have an annoying habit of being offset by +corresponding periods of depression, and though he may persist in his +effort to lift himself out of the black moods with such success that he +finally arrives at a higher tone-level mentally, with a corresponding +physical improvement, there is indubitably a strong sense of effort +needed for this good result. When, therefore, the writer finds himself +working long hours day after day with no sense of mental fatigue, but a +certain unusual gaiety of heart accompanying the successive days, as if +life were on the whole rather a lark, he, being accurately +introspective, and not easily deceived into optimistic conclusions, is +forced to give the whole credit for this change of spirit to the +functioning of the new glands, and he is confirmed in this conclusion by +the fact that the high blood pressure, which was noticeable enough +before the operation, cannot now, ten days after the operation, be +detected by him at all. Ten days is all too short a time in which to +write of details in a matter of this importance. He expects to be able +to confirm improvement in eyesight by the middle of May, and will be in +a position to speak at greater length on the matter after the summer has +passed. The intent of this chapter is to give a brief account of +something he saw at Dr. Brinkley’s hospital during the week of his +treatment.</p> + +<p>Two weeks before his arrival a man suffering from locomotor ataxia +had been carried in, unable to help himself at all. When the writer saw +this man and talked with him he was up +<span class = "pagenum">68</span> +<!-- png 078 --> +and dressed and walking about, without a cane, and he left for home +after a total stay of something less than three weeks. In parting from +him the doctor said, “You are on the high-road to complete recovery. +I expect to hear that you are getting stronger every day. Practice +in walking will bring back to you the old confidence and banish the +helpless feeling that you are sure to fall. You see that you can control +the motions of your feet and legs now as you could not before. Sensation +has returned to the soles of your feet, and you can now turn yourself +over in bed, which you could not do before without assistance. This +means that the brain, spinal cord, muscles and will are co-ordinating +again. This means that the goat-glands are actively working, dissolving +scar-tissue, and bringing you back to health. But it is asking a good +deal of a pair of goat-glands to do as much as they must do in your case +to bring about complete recovery. I would rather give them some +extra assistance. If you will come back to me, therefore, next Fall, to +this hospital, I will put two new goat-glands into you; and I +believe that with this extra help you will go right through to a +complete cure without any trouble. The operation will not cost you a +cent. I am anxious only to complete the good work. I may be +wrong at that, and it is possible that the glands you have now will be +enough to do the work, but if they do not, come back here for two more +next Fall. Don’t forget.”</p> + +<p>This man had been everywhere for relief, and had taken every +treatment known for his +<span class = "pagenum">69</span> +<!-- png 079 --> +disease, with no results whatever, as he told the writer. “This is the +first time for twelve years,” he said, “that I have had any feeling in +my feet. I am surely going to get well at last.”</p> + +<p>In another case of the same disease the patient, when he came to the +hospital, was taking morphine daily to relieve the lightning-pains. He +could not stand upright with his eyes shut without falling, and if +spoken to suddenly was likely to lose his balance and fall. He had not +walked without a cane for several years. Twenty-four hours after the +goat-gland operation he said that the pains had left him, and +voluntarily stopped the morphine. In two weeks he was walking five miles +before breakfast, without a cane to help him. He left the hospital a +cured man. There has never been a case of true locomotor ataxia cured by +any means whatever, in the history of man, until this Kansas surgeon, +Dr. Brinkley, found the cure for it in this transplantation of +goat-glands. Ataxia is an after-math of syphilis, in ninety-nine cases +out of a hundred, and it is a question, which no layman can solve, +whether the cause of the ataxia is in the disease, or in the mercurial +treatment used to combat the disease. Another age, following this, may +decide that the disease, syphilis, is less destructive of human tissue +than the cure, Mercury. However that may be, the fact remains that +goat-glands will cure Locomotor Ataxia, and they are apparently the only +means of cure hitherto discovered.</p> + +<p>The writer talked with some of the townspeople of Milford regarding +Dr. Brinkley’s +<span class = "pagenum">70</span> +<!-- png 080 --> +work. Their attitude was detached, but on the whole affirmative. They +could not, as they put it, doubt their own eyesight, implying that they +would do so if they could. They had seen case after case carried into +the hospital, and they had seen those same people walk out and go their +way to their homes. It was queer, they said, and wagged a critical head. +So true is it in all parts of the earth that a prophet hath honor save +in his own country! Here and there, however, the writer found a townsman +who had nothing but words of praise and admiration for Dr. Brinkley’s +work. These always proved to be people who had had some relative under +Dr. Brinkley’s care at the hospital, and they were intelligent men who +could give their reasons for their conclusions. They were proud of the +lustre which Dr. Brinkley’s Goat-Gland work was shedding upon the name +of their village. Most of the townspeople, however, seemed to think that +Dr. Brinkley should be proud of the town. Their engaging surliness of +demeanor with regard to the miracles being performed in their village +was a fascinating study to a city man, who saw here at its best the +typical small-town attitude towards the big local thing. It is not +peculiar to Milford. It is universal. It is as true in England and +France and Belgium and Germany as in any little town in the United +States. What do you suppose the country villagers thought of Fabre, the +great French naturalist, probably to be hailed by the next generation as +the greatest figure since Darwin? Without doubt they thought him mad, +and if kindly, +<span class = "pagenum">71</span> +<!-- png 081 --> +pitied him, or if savage, despised him. Meanwhile it is quite certain +that the work of Dr. Brinkley has put the town of Milford, Kansas, on +the map, and, if you do not find it on the railroad map you may some day +consult, it will help a little to say here that you go from Kansas City, +Missouri, by the Union Pacific Railroad to Junction City, Kansas, and +from that point change to a little branch line which carries you to +Milford. The depot at Milford is about a mile from the village itself. +You will find an auto at the depot which will carry you to the hospital, +where you will be met by Dr. or Mrs. Brinkley, or Miss Lewis, the Head +Nurse, and where you will be very comfortable if you decide to make a +stay of a week or so for personal reasons. The food is good, and the +Kansas air fresh and bracing and plentiful. Winds are indeed common, but +the village is safely out of the track of the Kansas cyclones, and the +storm cellar is unknown. The hospital is spotlessly clean and a marvel +of completeness in equipment. The preparations for the gland +transplantation are simple but thorough; a test of spermatic fluid, +a blood test, a test for blood pressure, a blood count, +and a purgative the night before the operation, with no breakfast on the +morning of the operation. You will eat a good lunch in bed, however, on +that day, and miss no meals afterwards. Briefly, the writer can say +honestly that the pain of the operation is no more than the twinge of a +toothache.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">72</span> +<!-- png 082 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_IX" id = "chap_IX">CHAPTER IX</a></h3> + +<h4>SUMMARY</h4> + + +<p>Dr. Brinkley’s employment of the goat-glands for the past three years +of continuous operating, therefore, has proved to his satisfaction and +to that of his patients that the testes in men and the ovaries in women +furnish a secretion which has the property of a revivifying fluid when +restored to the system by the currents of blood and lymph. In that +commonly fatal condition of the arteries which follows rapidly upon the +state of blood pressure known as hardening of the arteries, or +arterio-sclerosis, a practically incurable condition hitherto, the +results obtained by the goat-gland transplantation are miraculously +swift. When the arteries are, as the doctor puts it, “as hard as +pipe-stems,” they grow in a few weeks, sometimes in a week, soft and +pliable. The change, according to Dr. Brinkley, is brought about in the +walls of the arteries themselves, and is not a process of dissolving the +accumulations or deposits of calcareous material within the arteries. +The change is in the material of the walls of the arteries, producing a +return of the condition of elasticity, permitting expansion and +contraction as in youth.</p> + +<p>It is a favorite theory with some modern writers that the physical +change from youth to age is accompanied in the body, and in a sense +caused by, the deterioration in the quality of +<span class = "pagenum">73</span> +<!-- png 083 --> +the cells of the body, and they call this change a breaking-down process +by which the finer and more highly differentiated cells, such, for +example, as the nerve-cells, and others which have high and complicated +duties to perform, are displaced by cells of an inferior type, which +they name conjunctive cells, much as the common sparrow drives away the +songbirds from the home garden and, usurping the place of the songbird, +substitutes a wretched twitter for the golden notes of the warblers +which once delighted our ears. The common cells, also, on usurping the +place of the nobler cells, are unable to perform the difficult duties of +the latter, and the result upon human organism is disorder, decay, +disease, etc., contributing to, if not causing, the condition of old +age. This is an ingenious but not convincing theory. Our knowledge of +histological processes is too incomplete at this stage to permit its +acceptance as fact. It assumes too much to be known which is quite +unknown. Moreover, it refutes itself upon examination in this +particular, and in several others, that if it were true that these +inferior cells are on the lookout to invade instantly any part of the +human organism in which there was a breaking down of nerve-tissue, for +example, then it would be impossible to build new nerve-tissue to take +the place of that which was destroyed, because its place, according to +this theory, has been already taken by an intruder who cannot be +dislodged. But new nerve-cells are constantly being rebuilt, and +constantly being put to use in the organism. If this theory were true, +then +<span class = "pagenum">74</span> +<!-- png 084 --> +a brain in middle age would be unable to function because of the +impossibility of renewing its cells.</p> + +<p>A much more reasonable and probably true explanation of the cause of +old age is the gradual disappearance of animal matter in the bones and +tissues, and the corresponding increase of the mineral matter in the +bones and tissues, amounting to ossification of cartilage, whereby the +supple cartilage, losing its animal content, becomes practically bone by +deposit of lime particles. This would also account in a common-sense +manner for the fragility of the bones of the aged, the brittleness being +due to calcareous deposits in the substance of the bone itself, in +excess of the normal mineral contents of the bones in youth. The +function of the seminal fluids, therefore, appears to be to restore to +the aging tissues this property, this animal matter, which when in its +right ratio and proportion in the cells of the organism produces the +condition of youth. The action of these seminal fluids, therefore, seems +to be two-fold, a dissolving and a nourishing. The distinction +should be clearly made that the action is NOT merely stimulating. The +stimulation of a nerve-cell is a temporary excitement. We speak of the +stimulation of alcohol, and this illustration gives a clearer view of +the difference between the nourishing action of the seminal fluids and a +stimulating action than we could obtain by the employment of many words. +It is interesting to remember that while it is possible to increase the +mineral particles of soda, potash, lime, iron, +<span class = "pagenum">75</span> +<!-- png 085 --> +silica and magnesia in the blood and lymph, it is practically impossible +for us to increase the animal contents of the cells by any method of +medication or dieting known to us. Only Life can produce this change in +the cells, and only this method of gland-transplantation has furnished a +means of impressing Life into service to work for us in this matter. To +produce the effects which are needed to rejuvenate a body that has +increased its mineral matter at the expense of its animal matter we +require the co-operation of glands made active, because only the glands, +in the marvelous chemistry of the body, are able to compound the animal +substances required to nourish the cells, tissues and organs of the +body, and to dissolve and remove those injurious substances of a mineral +nature which have accumulated in excess in cells and tissues, usurping +the place of the animal matter in the cells because of the inactivity of +function generally, and the poor elimination of waste matter, as the +years pass. This is the re-creative and rejuvenating work of the gland +secretions. It is beyond us to say exactly what these secretions consist +of. We know the importance of their presence in blood and lymph only by +the disasters that follow their absence. The thyroid gland and +parathyroids, for instance, seem to be connected by some close sympathy +with the activity or non-activity of the interstitial glands, and the +atrophy of one is often accompanied by the atrophy of the other. The +subject is still hidden in darkness to the extent of insufficient +knowledge on our part of the exact constituents +<span class = "pagenum">76</span> +<!-- png 086 --> +of the active agents in the secretions of the testes, thyroids, +suprarenals, pituitary and other glands. Time and further opportunity +for experiment are needed to show to what extent the goat-gland +transplantation can be used to remedy goitre, epilepsy and the graver +lesions of paralysis. The use of the goat-glands is too recent to admit +of anything but speculation on these points. There would seem to be no +good reason to doubt that if the male organs of a young goat do +rejuvenate the atrophied testes of a man, which Dr. Brinkley has +abundantly proved they do, the thyroid gland of a young goat might be +expected to restore the atrophied thyroid of a human being. This again +is only conjecture, Dr. Brinkley’s work up to the present having been +confined to the transplantation of testes and ovaries. But he expects to +find time during the present year to satisfy himself of the results of +such important experimental work as is here indicated. It is possible +that his visit to Europe this summer may be the means of enlarging his +field considerably, although it would appear that if he had six pairs of +hands and could keep all employed in continuous service he could +scarcely cope with the demands upon his time which any and all countries +of the earth may be expected to make when his work is known. In ten +years, no doubt, gland-transplantation, particularly goat-gland +transplantation, for the renewal of youth in man and woman will be so +usual as to occasion neither wonder nor hilarity. But we are not living +ten years from now, but at this present +<span class = "pagenum">77</span> +<!-- png 087 --> +moment, and Dr. Brinkley’s operation to-day is a marvel, a wonder +and a joy. There is a satisfaction in being in the van. It is fine to be +the first to do a big thing, especially if that big thing is something +of the most practical value to humanity. Mankind has always crowned its +great generals, its great destroyers of life. Here is a man who comes +forward to preserve life. That is his mission, if you like. Certainly it +is his life work. It is a noble work. The question in the writer’s mind +is, What will they do to him? How will they take him in England? Will +they applaud, or crucify, or neglect? Probably they will show him +something of the generous hospitality of England, and leaven this with a +plentiful sprinkling of ridicule, because the subject of the goat lends +itself to humor of the obvious kind. But it is our belief that the hard, +practical common sense of the Anglo-Saxon will lead them to make the +utmost use of this opportunity of his visit, and, having got him, it is +to be expected that they will know enough to keep him. This is quite as +much their opportunity as his. While they sharpen their wit upon the +sacrificial goat and make merry, they are pretty sure to make full use +of his knowledge and skill while they have him with them, and might make +things so pleasant for him that he might say, when the summer is over +and he looks back upon the white cliffs of Dover, returning to his own +country, “This is a good land. I have enjoyed the trip. I like +the people. I will return next summer, and for many summers +thereafter.”</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">78</span> +<!-- png 088 --> +<h3><a name = "chap_X" id = "chap_X">CHAPTER X</a></h3> + +<h4>THE SPARK OF LIFE</h4> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>By J. R. Brinkley, M.D., C.M., Ph.D., Sc.D.</b></p> + +<p class = "center smaller"> +Chief Surgeon, Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training<br> +School for Nurses, Milford, Kansas</p> + +<p class = "center larger"> +(Written October, 1920)</p> + + +<p>For many years scientists have believed that a part, or all of the +glands of the human body influenced longevity. They believed our glands +contained the “life spark.” Men for hundreds of years have been seeking +the “fountain of youth.” Ponce de Leon when he landed in Florida and saw +the beautiful springs and flowers thought he had found it, and so +announced to the world. Long ago we learned that the pituitary gland +influenced growth and development. For instance if the pituitary gland +over-functioned we had Giantism. If it under-functioned the opposite was +the result—a dwarf. If the thyroid gland was at fault we would +have either the low mentality commonly spoken of as cretinism, or +myxedema. We found that by feeding children the fresh gland substance a +marked improvement would be obtained and sometimes a cure. Some years +ago there was a surgical craze which called for the removal of the +women’s ovaries. It was thought that many nervous troubles, including +epilepsy, etc., were due to diseased ovaries, so the surgeons removed +ovaries just about as promiscuously as tonsils and teeth are now taken +out. +<span class = "pagenum">79</span> +<!-- png 089 --> +After a while they found a woman without ovaries was about ruined, so +something had to be done, and ovarian extracts and substances were fed +to the unfortunates. Good results were obtained so long as the feeding +process kept up, but if the feeding was stopped, the miserable symptoms +returned. One factor was always in evidence, that a woman who had no +ovaries never menstruated again. Premature change of life (menopause) +resulted. <ins class = "notation" title = "error for ‘Aging’">Ageing</ins> took place early. A loss of interest in the +pleasant things of life existed. As a wife or companion for the home the +woman was worse than useless. Her life was so miserable that all who +came in contact with her were made miserable, also. She was unsexed, and +one of the “sparks of life” had been taken away. She assumed +characteristics of the male. If the testes of a man are removed he will +assume the characteristics of a woman. Many changes will take place. His +mind is no longer clear, he tires easily, cannot concentrate upon any +subject, and has marked loss of memory and of physical well being. The +things that once appealed to him are now undesirable. The opposite sex +are repulsive and he shuns their society. A man or woman who +suffers the premature loss of their glands of regeneration will become +more or less defective mentally and their life will be materially +shortened.</p> + +<p>At one time a favorite expression was, “A man is as old as his +arteries.” We know better than this now. A man is just as old as he +feels, when said feeling is directed to his sex organs. <!-- Isn’t it +always? --> The first sign of old age is impotency, and more men are +reaching a premature impotency +<span class = "pagenum">80</span> +<!-- png 090 --> +than ever before in the history of the world. Their glands are burning +up, as it were. After impotency is well on its way arterio-sclerosis or +hardening of the arteries is noticed, then the mental inefficiency, as +well as physical weakness. Right on the heels of impotency comes +prostatitis. I was taught in medical school that nearly all men +suffered from an enlarged prostate and prostatitis: that it was one of +the diseases of “old age”; that we were heir to it and might expect it +to show up after the age of 45. I was also taught that +arterio-sclerosis was another disease of old age, and all men were heir +to it. However, we are beginning to awaken to a few things. We are +approaching the dawn of a new day. We are beginning to understand the +whys and wherefores. While I have been criticized and called everything +under the sun, except an angel, I expected as much, and I am ready +to face the world with my facts; not theories. I have a long and +hard fight before me yet.</p> + +<p>The cures that I have effected by gland transplantation up to the +present time are enough to justify me for all of my work and efforts +along this new line of science. Should I never operate again, +I feel justly repaid and know that I have started something that +will go on and on and live forever. Gland transplantation for the cure +of disease within the next ten years will be as common as the removal of +a diseased appendix is now. You can hardly pick up a daily paper without +reading an account of some surgeon performing a wonderful operation of +transplanting bone or tissue from some animal to replace that which was +diseased +<span class = "pagenum">81</span> +<!-- png 093 --> +in the human. Why not borrow what we need from the animal? We use their +flesh for food. We also use their gland substances in the fresh or dried +form to supply our bodies with whatever we may not possess.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<!-- png 091 --> +<span class = "pagenum illus">80</span> +<img src = "images/pic91.jpg" width = "503" height = "303" +alt = "see caption"></p> + +<p class = "caption"> +<span class = "extended">THE TOGGENBURG GOATS</span></p> +<!-- png 092 --> + +<p>My first efforts in gland transplantation were directed towards the +cure of sterility. A man came to me who had been impotent for +sixteen years. Every known means had been used in his case. My +experiments in the use of glands from animal to animal, led me to +believe that if the gland from a goat could be transplanted into the +human body this impotency and sterility could be overcome. This man was +willing to try anything as he was 46 and his wife was 42. They were very +anxious for a male child. Twelve months after the transplantation I +delivered his wife of a 10-pound baby boy, who is alive and well today. +In appreciation of what the goat glands had done for them they named the +baby “Billy.” He lives within four miles of me now. This first case +being a wonderful success encouraged me to experiment with humans on a +larger scale. Willing subjects were not easy to obtain. After obtaining, +it was difficult to operate. The operation or experiment could not be +performed in any of the general hospitals. Ethics as well as country and +little town gossip forbid such work. It was necessary for me to build a +hospital of my own so that my experiments could be carried on without +the public or profession knowing anything about them. If good results +were obtained I could announce to the world; if none were obtained the +matter could be dropped. After four male children had been +<span class = "pagenum">82</span> +<!-- png 094 --> +born, due directly to gland transplantation, the news leaked out, and +has swept the world like wildfire. While I was transplanting glands for +sterility, other beneficial effects were noted by me as well as my +patients. Now, since I have transplanted glands into more than 600 men +and women it is an easy matter to give some comprehensive statistics. +A complete record is kept of each case and follow-up letters are +used so that we are in a pretty fair way to estimate just what we are +doing. Five cases of insanity have been cured to date. The great +difficulty in obtaining insane people for operation is, they are +confined in a state institution, and the authorities will not permit +their removal, especially when their loved ones tell the “higher ups” +they wish Dr. Brinkley, “the gland man,” to transplant goat glands. “Oh, +no, it’s all rot and will never do!” However, we have operated upon five +cases and have cured five cases. After awhile we will break down this +great wall of prejudice, and insane people will be ordered out for this +operation. At present when habeas corpus proceedings are all that will +obtain the release, and gland transplantation is the object, not much of +a chance exists. I am going to mention one of our very interesting +cases, as the man lives only about 15 or 20 miles from me in Dickinson +County, Kansas. His name is Lon Jones, and his case is known far and +wide within the state of Kansas. My writing about Mr. Jones will not be +the betrayal of a professional secret. He is anxious for the world to +know about it. Some six weeks or two months before I was called to see +him he was stricken suddenly, insane. He had mounted his horse and was +driving +<span class = "pagenum">83</span> +<!-- png 095 --> +his cattle home for the night when it was noticed by others that he +acted “queer.” He began to whip and fight his steed as well as the +cattle unmercifully. He dismounted or fell off his horse and at first +was thought unconscious. A physician was called, another, and +another, and his case was diagnosed as Dementia Praecox. Violent in +character. He wanted to kill his doctor, or commit some rash act. One of +the first acts was to try and give away all of his land and stock as +well as corn and feed.</p> + +<p>It was unsafe for his wife and children to be near him. Men remained +with him, day and night. Finally his guards had to tie him in bed. His +arms and feet were securely fastened, as well as his body, to a heavy +iron bed. Application for his entry into the state institution had been +made when I was called. With the assistance of neighbor men he was +conducted into my hospital here. Immediate gland transplantation was +performed, and three days after said operation he asked me to remove his +irons so that he could rest comfortably. He informed me that he was in +his right mind and we need have no further fear of him. Soon afterwards +he was permitted to roam around the building and over town. He went home +more than a year ago and is transacting his business as a sane man +should. No evidence of his former trouble has occurred. He did not know +until the day that we discharged him what my line of treatment had been. +Another notable case was that of a man who had spent 11 years of his +life in three state institutions for the insane in New York. He +<span class = "pagenum">84</span> +<!-- png 096 --> +left here entirely cured and is now holding an important position in New +York City. Another case was that of a young man who became insane +suddenly. His first act was to try and murder his father and mother, his +greatest bitterness being directed towards his mother. He attempted to +kill me when I approached him, and it was necessary to open a bottle of +chloroform and stand at a safe distance and throw the anesthetic in his +face and eyes. Less than a week after the operation he was in his right +mind, and has been so since. Another case of a young man who became +insane and was violent. He secured a number of rifles and shotguns and +barricaded himself in a corn field. When he learned I had been sent for +he was worse than ever, and if it had not been for his mother I would +have been killed. I operated upon him immediately, and for one week +after the operation I could not visit him. However, he soon was in his +right mind, and when it was told to him what he had done he went to +Indianapolis, Ind., and secured a position. His shame was so great that +he could not remain where he was known. After two years he returned home +and resumed work where he had left off. The fifth case was just as +interesting as the above.</p> + +<p>I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of <ins class = "notation" +title = "hyphen in original">locomotor-ataxia</ins>. It is almost +impossible for me to get cases of <ins class = "notation" title = +"hyphen in original">locomotor-ataxia</ins>. When a man writes me he +also asks his family physician, who very quickly informs him “there is +nothing to it; it’s all bunk!”</p> + +<p>My cases have ranged in age from 18 to 75 years. My patients that are +from 60 to 75 +<span class = "pagenum">85</span> +<!-- png 097 --> +years of age write me they feel as they did when they were boys 18 years +of age. I have transplanted glands for almost every conceivable +disease and have received splendid results in almost every case. All +cannot be cured, but all of them can be greatly benefited. At this +writing I have with me as a patient a noted United States Senator from +Washington, D.C. He has been treated by Dr. Cary T. Grayson, the +president’s personal physician, as well as taking 3 years of treatment +at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is depressed and discouraged. He speaks of +suicide. He has been operated on only two days and I venture to say that +before his week is passed he will be a different man.</p> + +<p>My greatest number of men come for impotency, next for prostatitis, +and many for a general improvement in health. Many come with but one +purpose—to prolong their lives. I believe that those who +receive gland transplantation will live much longer than without it. +Possibly as much as from 10 to 25 years can be added. Then successive +transplants can be made, and we have no idea how long they will live. +Their skin takes on the appearance of youth. I know that after the +ovaries have been transplanted into women who have none their menses +return on a 4-day period regularly. Women who had passed the menopause +have a return flow. Hardening of the arteries as well as high blood +pressure are returned to normal in 100 per cent of the cases. Eyesight +is improved from 50 to 100 per cent. A well-known judge was +operated upon by me a short time ago, and his eyesight was so much +<span class = "pagenum">86</span> +<!-- png 098 --> +improved that he could no longer wear glasses of any kind. Men who had +not heard for 16 years write me that since gland transplantation they +can hear the tick of a watch. In women a development of the bust is +noted and the wrinkles disappear from their cheeks. Chronic constipation +is cured as well as old chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis, +eczema, etc.</p> + +<p>With the best will in the world I am unable to describe on paper just +how my fellow practitioners should perform this operation, because I +never meet with precisely similar conditions in any two cases. +I can say positively that I do not know just what I shall do until +the case itself is under my hands in the operating room. The operation +is simple in itself, but in my early days of operating I made a number +of mistakes because I was on new ground, and there was no authority from +whom I could learn the technique. Now, after my six hundred operations +have taught me what to do and how to do I am able to avoid these earlier +mistakes, and as a consequence I hardly ever have an operation that is +not a success. Not very many months ago I was called to San Francisco to +re-operate on a number of cases which had gone wrong in the hands of a +fellow practitioner. I re-operated on these cases successfully. The +surgeon who had performed the operation in the first place is skilful +and experienced in all lines of surgical work, but in this particular +line of transplanting of goat-glands into human bodies in such wise that +the tissue of the goat will blend with and nourish the human tissue no +living man except +<span class = "pagenum">87</span> +<!-- png 099 --> +myself has had the necessary experience to teach him through his +successes and failures, what to do and how to do it. Nor should I be +successful if today, in spite of all the work I have done with the +Goat-Glands, I should <ins class = "notation" title = "error for ‘relinquish’">relinguish</ins> the goat-gland in favor of the +human-gland or the monkey-gland. Results have taught me that I made a +wise choice in pinning my faith to the young goat as the healthiest +possible animal from which tissue could be used for transplanting into +human bodies. The goat is immune to practically all diseases. The human +being and the monkey, on the other hand, are liable to tuberculous or +some tropical disease. For his splendid work with human glands I give +full credit to Dr. Frank Lydston of Chicago, who was not only the +pioneer in this use of human glands, but actually made his first +transplantation upon himself. This is but another instance of that fine +confidence in our beliefs and convictions which is typical of the +medical profession as a whole. In the use of the human-gland Dr. Lydston +is as supreme as I am in the use of the goat-gland, and you must +understand that in saying this I am not throwing bouquets at myself in +idle vanity. I have a clear cold reason for saying this. +I have devoted my life to this particular work, and have brought it +to a point where I can speak with authority upon it. I foresee that +because of the marvelous results obtained by the transplanting of the +goat-glands at my hospital there will be a great awakening of interest +in this operation on the part of the public and the medical profession. +A great many operations of a similar character will be performed +<span class = "pagenum">88</span> +<!-- png 100 --> +not alone in this country, but all over the world. A great many of +these operations will be unsuccessful because the experience of the +operator will not have taught him what to do under certain unusual +conditions, or rather, what to do under any and all conditions. In the +face of an unsuccessful operation this work will be blamed, and the +theory upon which I work, namely, that the sex-energy is the basis of +all human energy, physical and mental, will be given a setback, and +scouted as untrue. But I am constantly proving its truth by the results +I get, and find its confirmation in the effect of successful goat-gland +transplantation in both men and women. Therefore I am urgent in saying +that the work must be rightly done in the first place to obtain right +results.</p> + +<p>Briefly, the operation for men means that the glands of a three +weeks’ old male goat are laid upon the non-functioning glands of a man, +within twenty minutes of the time they are removed from the goat. In +some cases I open the human gland and lay the tissue of the goat within +the human gland. The scrotum of the man is opened by incision on both +sides under local anesthetic. Conditions of the case may show that there +are adhesions of tissue which must also be broken down before the new +gland can function. I find that after being properly connected +these goat-glands do actually feed, grow into, and become absorbed by +the human glands, and the man is renewed in his physical and mental +vigor.</p> + +<p>The operation upon women means that the ovaries of a female goat not +more than twelve months of age are removed and inserted into +<span class = "pagenum">89</span> +<!-- png 101 --> +the woman. If the woman’s organs are sound and merely inert and +atrophied, the new ovary will find its way to its proper position and +begin the work of restoring the arrested functions, so that the act of +menstruation, for example, which has ceased because of the atrophic +condition of the woman’s ovaries, begins again and continues on a normal +twenty-eight day period. The effect of the new glands upon women is even +more noticeable, if such a thing were possible, than upon men, since in +their case the rejuvenation is more striking in the changed appearance. +But though I claim much, and with good reason, for this operation, +I warn against undue expectations. In many cases I advise against +the operation as a sure waste of time and money. In many cases I explain +that the results will be experimental only, there being nothing in my +experience to warrant assurance of success. For instance, in blindness +and deafness I have no faith that this operation will remove the disease +in spite of the fact that in almost every case operated upon there is +great improvement in the sight and hearing. But I have no certain +knowledge why this improvement followed. It partakes, therefore, of the +nature of an accident. In the case of very fat people the operation +trims them down to normal weight. Very thin people are built up to +normal weight by it. Barren women and impotent men become mothers and +fathers. But in no case do I permit a grandfather or grandmother to +entertain the hope that they may be rejuvenated to such an extent that +they can procreate again if they wish. This is mere romance, with which +I have nothing to do. Nor +<span class = "pagenum">90</span> +<!-- png 102 --> +do I advise a young woman of forty who has not reached the menopause +stage to take the operation if she is in good health, in spite of her +belief that the goat-glands will enable her to remain indefinitely +young. This is experimental work, and is not in the same class as the +case of the same woman who has just passed through her menopause and +ceased to menstruate. By all means I advise the latter to take the +operation because I feel that it will rejuvenate her. If a woman has had +both ovaries removed by surgical operation, will this operation grow new +ovaries for her, and enable her to become a mother? At this stage of my +knowledge my answer is, “Certainly not.” If a man has lost both glands +by surgical removal will this operation grow new glands for him? Nine +times out of ten, “No.” The tenth time, “Yes.” I do not know +why.</p> + +<p>I can use only a certain breed of goat, a Swiss milk goat, and +only animals of a certain youth. My goats cost me about $75 each on an +average, and that is one reason why it would be impossible to conduct +this work as a free surgical clinic might be conducted, unless the +undertaking were specially endowed with funds to meet the expense.</p> + +<p>Some time in the month of June I expect to make a trip to London, +England, and will be away possibly until the end of August. Even the +month of May in Kansas is sometimes too hot for this operation to be +successfully performed, and I make it a rule to suspend operations +entirely throughout June, July and August. Experience has taught me that +when the outdoor temperature is high the operation +<span class = "pagenum">91</span> +<!-- png 103 --> +will almost certainly be unsuccessful, and on account of the cost +involved, as well as for the saving of time and trouble for the patient, +it is in the highest degree unwise to go contrary to this rule. If the +glands are transplanted during very hot weather they will almost +certainly slough, which means re-operating later.</p> + +<p>In many cases that are brought to me I do not operate or even advise +that the goat-glands be transplanted later. I cannot go into +details of such cases in these pages, but might cite the case of a man, +syphilitic, who was sent to me. Certainly I have never made the +statement anywhere, at any time, that this operation would cure <ins +class = "notation" title = "error for ‘syphilis’">syhpilis</ins>. The +man is being treated now for syphilis, and should not have been sent to +me at all.</p> + +<p>I quote the case of a woman of forty, who is normal in every way, and +the picture of health at the present time. Her desire is that she may +never grow to look any older than she does at this moment, and she asks +me if this gland-operation will hold her at the point she has now +reached. Frankly, this is pure experiment. I do not know. After +another ten years of work in this gland-surgery I might be able to give +her a definite opinion, but not at this stage, seeing that my oldest +cases go back only three years. On one point only I can speak with +positiveness, namely, if I cannot answer this question there is no man +living who can answer it, because I am the only man alive who can give +an opinion on this work that is founded on first-hand knowledge. We +learn in this work only by experience, and we draw just conclusions only +from <b>quantity</b> of +<span class = "pagenum">92</span> +<!-- png 104 --> +experience. No other man alive has had this experience in sufficient +quantity to justify him in forming a conclusion derived from his facts. +This is my answer not only to those who listen to encouraging advice +regarding the effects of this operation tendered by surgeons who are +embarking in this goat-gland operation, but also to those general +practitioners who inform patients asking their opinion in the matter +that the operation is useless because the glands are certain to slough, +I hold that they are not qualified to speak on the subject because +they have no knowledge. I have the most positive knowledge that +when the operation is rightly performed the glands do NOT slough, and my +knowledge is founded upon the hard facts of much experience. In another +ten years I shall know more than I know today because I shall have added +to my facts, and among those facts there may be some which confirm the +hope of the woman of forty alluded to above that this gland +transplantation may hold the condition of youth steady as something +static, which will not be suffered to pass. At present I do not know, +and if I offer an opinion it is to be understood that it is only a +guess. My guess, then, would be that in this case the operation would be +a waste, producing no effect whatever, neither adding to nor detracting +from the condition of health and normal function which is present +today.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + +<div class = "advert"> +<!-- png 105 --> +<hr class = "mid"> + +<a name = "advert" id = "advert"> </a> + +<p><span class = "larger">The One Best Way Series of New Thought +Books.</span> Each 96 pages and cover, green silk cloth bound, printed +on heavy egg-shell paper, size 5x7. Written by Sydney B. Flower. Price +each, $1 postpaid to any part of the world; four shillings and twopence +in Great Britain.</p> + +<p>No. I. Will-Power, Personal Magnetism, Memory-Training and Success +(illustrated).</p> + +<p>No. II. The Biochemistry of Schuessler.</p> + +<p>No. III. The New Thought System of Physical Culture and Beauty +Culture (illustrated).</p> + +<p>No. IV. The New Thought System of Dietetics.</p> + +<p>No. V. The Goat-Gland Transplantation, originated by Dr. J. R. +Brinkley of Milford, Kas., U.S.A.</p> + +<p>Address New Thought Book Department, 722-732 Sherman St., Chicago, +Ill., U.S.A.</p> + +<p>NOTE—The Chicago New Thought office closes from March 31st to +September 1st, each year.</p> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<div class = "smaller"> + +<!-- png 106 --> +<p class = "center">VOLUME II OF NEW THOUGHT</p> + +<p>Beginning October, 1921, ending March, 1922, comprising six numbers, +each 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. Flower, will be +issued monthly at a markedly REDUCED SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, namely, Single +Copies in the U.S.A. and Possessions, 10 cents a copy; 50 cents a year +of six numbers; Canada and Foreign, 12 cents a copy; 60 cents a year. +Great Britain, sixpence a copy; 2/6 a year.</p> + +<p>Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to +September 1st, each year.</p> + +<p>Volume II of NEW THOUGHT will maintain the high level attained in +Volume I. The same contributors. Dr. Brinkley, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, +William Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta Jean Rowell, +Nate Collier, Charles H. Ingersoll, Athene Rondell, Charles Edmund +DeLand and others will continue their valuable series throughout the +year.</p> + +<p>The cartoons of Nate Collier and the articles of Arthur Brisbane will +continue as special features.</p> + +<p>Many new writers will be added.</p> + +<p>The editor will contribute a series of six articles upon the effects +of Dr. Brinkley’s Goat-Gland Transplantation, speaking from first-hand +knowledge and inviting question, comment and discussion.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +SPECIAL THREE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION OR<br> +ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO THREE<br> +DIFFERENT ADDRESSES</p> + +<p>We make a special rate for three year subscriptions in the U.S.A. and +possessions of $1 for Volume II, October, 1921, to March, 1922, +inclusive, or one year subscription to three different addresses at the +same rate, $1; Canada and Foreign, $1.50; Great Britain, six shillings. +We invite you to take fullest advantage of this attractive offer.</p> + +<p>Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.</p> + +<hr class = "small"> + +<!-- png 107 --> +<p class = "center">VOLUME I OF NEW THOUGHT</p> + +<p>A monthly magazine, 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. +Flower, comprising 196 pages of reading matter in seven issues, viz., +Oct., Nov., Dec, 1920, and Jan., Feb., March, April-May, 1921.</p> + +<p>Price, bound in cloth, $2.50, or Ten Shillings, postpaid to any part +of the world.</p> + +<p>Volume I of NEW THOUGHT contains: Seven articles written by +J. R. Brinkley, M.D., on his wonderful goat-gland transplantation +work; a series of articles on New Thought by such famous writers as +Ella Wheeler Wilcox, William Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, +Alberta Jean Rowell, Veni Cooper-Mathieson, of Australia, and Nate +Collier of New York; a series of articles on Astrology by Athene +Rondell; a series of articles on Spirit-Phenomena by Charles Edmund +DeLand; and begins a series by Charles H. Ingersoll on the Single Tax. +The volume includes five regular monthly cartoons by Nate Collier; with +special articles by Arthur Brisbane, most highly paid writer in the +United States, stating the case against spiritualism; and a number of +special articles by the editor and others on Health, Psychology, +etc.</p> + +<p>The brightest and most vital and most fascinating magazine published. +Volume I is to be had only in its bound form, and the number of copies +is limited. No plates were made and the type is destroyed. The book is +therefore a unique and limited first edition.</p> + +<p>Orders for this book will be accepted now, to be filled not later +than September 15, 1921, in the order of their receipt, cash to +accompany order.</p> + +<p>Cash will be returned immediately to unsuccessful applicants. We +shall not reprint this book, after this bound edition is exhausted, in +the original and complete form in which you may now procure it.</p> + +<p>Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.</p> + +<p>Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to +September 1st, each year.</p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div advert --> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Goat-gland Transplantation, by +Sydney B. Flower and John R. 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Flower and John R. Brinkley + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Goat-gland Transplantation + As Originated and Successfully Performed by J. R. Brinkley, + M. D., of Milford, Kansas, U. S. A., in Over 600 Operations + Upon Men and Women + +Author: Sydney B. Flower + John R. Brinkley + +Release Date: July 10, 2009 [EBook #29362] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GOAT-GLAND TRANSPLANTATION *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Typographical errors, whether corrected or not, are listed at the end +of the e-text. Boldface type is shown with +marks+. + +_Historical Note:_ The Milford facility closed in 1930 when Brinkley's +Kansas medical license was revoked. He then moved to south Texas and +established his million-watt Mexican radio station.] + + + + +[Illustration: J. R. BRINKLEY, M.D., MILFORD, KANSAS, U.S.A.] + + + + + No. 5 The One-Best-Way Series of + New Thought Books + + THE GOAT-GLAND + TRANSPLANTATION + + + As Originated and Successfully Performed + by J. R. Brinkley, M.D., of Milford, + Kansas, U.S.A., in Over 600 Operations + Upon Men and Women + + + By + SYDNEY B. FLOWER + + + New Thought Book Department + 722-732 Sherman Street + Chicago, Ill. + + + + + Set Up and Electrotyped + May, 1921 + + Copyright, 1921 + By Sidney B. Flower + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS + + +AUTHOR'S PREFACE 5 + +Chapter. Page. + + I. DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY 11 + II. THE PRACTICE, MEN 17 + III. THE PRACTICE, WOMEN 23 + IV. DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY 30 + V. A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT 42 + VI. THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS 48 + VII. PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT 60 + VIII. A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL 66 + IX. SUMMARY 72 + X. "THE SPARK OF LIFE" 78 + + + + +AUTHOR'S PREFACE + + +Though dealing exactly with a surgical subject, this book is a layman's +word to laymen. It is an attempt to say to the general public a few +things about this amazing work of Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, +Kansas, which he is debarred from saying for himself in this simple +form. He has under consideration a book of his own covering the subject +of Goat-Gland Transplantation, his experiments, successes, failures, +theories, and conclusions, which will probably be issued during the +winter of 1922, and in that book he expects to treat his subject +exhaustively with full medical and surgical detail, in a manner +acceptable to the medical profession. But, in the meantime, no +satisfactory effort has been made to tell the story to the general +public, except in the fragmentary form of occasional newspaper notices. +The author feels that the chief interest in this matter abides with the +patient rather than with the practitioner, or, if not the chief +interest, at least an equal interest. It seems proper, therefore, that +the subject should be briefly dealt with at this time, while it is yet +in its infancy, in such a manner that the general public may grasp the +essentials of what is being done in America in this new application of +endocrinology. Some attention is paid to the pioneer work of Dr. Frank +Lydston of Chicago in the transplanting of human glands into human +beings, but rather by way of emphasizing the fact that Dr. Brinkley, +with the choice of human, monkey, goat, or sheep glands before him, +chose the goat-glands in preference to any other for his field of +experiment and operation, and has never for a moment regretted his +choice, or seen any reason to alter it. + +Without any wish to enter upon a controversy, the author is impelled to +take some notice of the statement of Dr. Serge Voronoff of Paris, who, +during his recent visit to the United States, announced that he pinned +his faith almost exclusively to the glands of the anthropoid apes as +most suitable for transplantation into human beings, while he lamented +the natural scarcity of obtainable material. Dr. Voronoff is credited +with having performed over 150 transplantations upon rams, but none +whatever of goat-glands upon human beings, and not more than two or +three of simian glands upon human beings. His statement, therefore, that +successful transplantation of the glands of the goat into a human being +is "impossible, and cannot succeed," is empirical, and entirely +unsupported by any experience of his own in the matter. Against it, and +completely confuting it, we set the clear conclusions of Dr. Brinkley, +backed by his unequalled record of over 600 successful transplants of +goat-glands into men and women, during the past three years. Since there +is no other human being who has had experience sufficient in this matter +upon which he may justly found an opinion, it seems to the author that +only one man, Dr. Brinkley himself, is qualified to speak at all, and +until members of the medical profession here and in Europe have mastered +Dr. Brinkley's technique, and learned what to do, and how and why, and +what not to do, and why not, a dogmatic negative is not the proper +comment with regard to the question of whether successful +transplantation of goat-glands can be made upon human beings. If, after +learning what Dr. Brinkley has learned by laborious experiments, +continued for years, they find that their conclusions differ from his, +they will at least have earned the right to speak. But it is +unreasonable to suppose, in that event, that their conclusions would in +any way or degree differ from Dr. Brinkley's conclusion that, in brief, +the implanting of the glands of the young goat into men and women is an +actual triumph of modern surgery and medical skill, which has resulted, +in hundreds of cases, clearly recorded, and filed for reference, in +rejuvenating both men and women; removing impotence from old men; curing +arterio-sclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, in every case treated; +curing five cases of Dementia Praecox out of a total of five cases +treated; curing six cases of Locomotor Ataxia out of six cases treated; +curing two cases of Paralysis Agitans out of two cases treated; +restoring normal conditions in one hundred cases of Psychopathia +Sexualis; bringing about the parenthood of barren women and impotent men +not yet past middle-age; restoring the function of menstruation or +regular periodicity to women who have passed through the change of life; +and, in a word, making good in the cure of so-called incurables, and +doing something that was never done before, to our knowledge, in the +history of the earth. + +It is not the intention in this little book to follow Dr. Brinkley in +exact detail through his amazing list of cases of all manner of diseases +cured by this treatment. His files are open to the profession at all +times, and the records may be consulted by the earnest investigator at +the hospital at Milford, Kansas. + +The intention in this little book is to cover particularly that phase of +human longing which asks that the clock be turned back, and that old age +be deferred. + +It is a fact beyond all gainsaying that Dr. Brinkley's operation has in +truth cheated old age of its toll in very many cases of both sexes, and +the improvement, or rejuvenation, affects both the minds and bodies of +those treated by this method; and this rejuvenation is lasting to the +extent of the doctor's observation. It would be presuming to say that it +is a permanent improvement. Upon that point no one has any right to +offer an opinion, because there are no facts upon which to found it. But +Dr. Brinkley's earliest cases, operated upon three years ago, up to the +present time have shown no diminution whatever in the good effects +secured. Neither the women nor the men have lost any particle of their +increased vitality during this lapse of time. Who can say how long the +good effects will continue? Dr. Brinkley's opinion is that the +improvement will run for possibly fifteen years, at the end of which +time he expects to re-operate upon any cases that show a slowing-down in +the life-processes, and believes that the introduction of two new glands +after that time will result in a return of the vitality in full force as +before. That is his guess of the probable duration of the improvement, +but it is quite possible that his estimate errs on the side of +conservatism. There is one assuring and comforting fact, however, +bearing on this point, which should be carefully noted here, namely, +when a retransplantation was made by Dr. Brinkley upon a goat which had +first been cured of old age by transplantation of new glands, which was +allowed to retain this new adolescence for a year, and was then deprived +of the glands, causing a speedy return to the miserable condition of old +age and its ills, and which was then re-operated upon and given two new +glands, the instant improvement was every whit as noticeable and as +perfect in this second implantation as in the first. Now it is a +reasonable inference from this clear-cut result that Dr. Brinkley is +right in his opinion that a second transplantation of the goat-glands +into a human being after a lapse of years, when the first implant may be +expected to have worn itself thin, will result in the same improvement +in the physical and mental condition of either man or woman as took +place upon the first implant. This is, in fact, the basis of his theory +that the normal age of man and woman today can be surely extended from +the three score and ten limit to possibly twice that number of years. +You are invited to consider what this discovery of Dr. Brinkley's +operation, for it is no less than a discovery, would have meant to the +world in the prolongation of the lives of those benefactors in all +fields of human endeavor, Literature, Science, Art, etc., if it had been +known and understood when Shakespeare wrote, when Darwin worked, when +Rubens painted, and when Patti sang. It will please your fancy to +picture what might have been, but we have before us the consideration of +what is, and it is more than comforting to know that we shall deal here +with the hard cold facts of what is being done today, and will be done +tomorrow. This is no poet's dream, but the stern reality of a young +surgeon's work in hospital, extending over three memorable years of +achievement in a virgin field. Dr. Brinkley has worked out his problem +alone, save for the devoted aid of his wife, who is also a licensed +physician. He is today a poor man, and expects to remain so, because he +has refused every alluring offer made him looking to the establishment +of this Goat-Gland operation as a commercial proposition on a big scale. +He is governed by his ethical vows, and retains his independence, but +the world would call him a fool for not turning his discovery to his +greatest pecuniary profit. Since he prefers to remain true to his ideals +in this matter it is for us at least to be thankful, and accord him the +recognition to which the scientist is entitled who puts his work above +his profits. + +Chicago, April, 1921. + + + + +CHAPTER I + +DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY + + +We are not privileged to be discursive in a little book which seeks to +hit the nail on the head in every paragraph, drive it home in every +page, and clinch it in every chapter, and there would be no excuse, +therefore, for sketching, even in brief outline, the history of the +various attempts that have been made, from Brown-Sequard, with his +Elixir, to Metchnikoff, with his benevolent bacteria of the intestinal +tract, to extract from Life its secret of human longevity. It has been a +long quest, and, in the main, fruitless, though it might be said in +fairness that Brown-Sequard's method of using the expressed testicular +juice as a medicine, by mouth or injection, for the renewal of youth, +was probably the true parent of the present familiar method of using the +extracts of various glands, or the pulverized substance of the glands +themselves, notably the thyroid and the adrenal, as medicines to be +taken internally for the relief of various diseased conditions. The +constant objection to such form of medication is, of course, that when +the medicine is stopped the good results stop, so that a temporary +relief is the utmost that can be hoped for from the method. Genius is +synthetic, elliptic, sudden, but always clear and sure. Dr. Brinkley +began with a theory, and by no means a new theory. From the theory he +deduced rapidly, and acted. The results of the acts proved the truth of +the theory. That theory has been variously stated, its most familiar +form being, "In all living forms the basis of all energy is sex-energy." + +Looking about for facts to confirm or disprove this assertion all +investigators have been faced with similar phenomena, such as: + +When the male fowl is sterilized in order that he may grow big and fat +for the market later he loses his cock's plumage and gains in weight. In +the psychic domain the changes are still more marked. The capon is a +coward, shunning the contest for supremacy. He does not forage for the +hens, inviting them to feed upon what he has found, but looks after +himself first and last. He is lazy, sluggish, and selfish. + +The stallion is a proud and beautiful animal, and Job's description of +the war-horse "He paweth in the valley and rejoiceth in his strength, He +goeth on to meet the armed men!" with its context, is still the best +word-painting we have of the majesty of the horse in full possession of +his sexual powers. The gelding is tractable and useful, and the absence +of the fiery impatience of the stallion fits the gelding for man's use. + +When men are castrated, as in the East, in youth, where they are prized +as custodians of the harem, they are fat, usually large of frame, but +short-lived. The growth of hair on the head is often scant; on the face +and body it is altogether missing. The voice is high, partaking of a +treble quality. When through surgical operation or accident it happens +that a man is deprived of the testicular glands in youth, early manhood, +or even middle-age, the same changes follow as in the case of the +eunuch, the hair on face and body disappears, the voice changes from +deep to high tone, and mentally the man develops inertia and cowardice. +Physically, he puts on fat almost immediately. + +When women have, for any reason, had their ovaries removed by surgical +operation, marked changes follow, which vary much in detail, but carry +certain general similarities. The face and body age rapidly in +appearance, and there is a slowing up of functions of the organs, with a +tendency to masculinity in tastes, behavior, feelings. + +Noting these and many other phenomena, as many had done before him, Dr. +Brinkley concluded that the testes of the male and the ovaries of the +female performed corresponding offices for each sex, generating the +vital fluids which, when not fulfilling their primary object of +reproducing the species, were turned back into the blood and absorbed by +the tissues for the benefit of the individual's physical and mental +processes. Normal activity of the secretions of the sex-glands, +therefore, meant, in Dr. Brinkley's opinion, right nourishment for all +the cells of the body, and right functioning of all the organs of the +body. The strength and speed of the stallion in health were as much due +to the right action of the sex-glands as his full-arched neck, his +blazing eye, or his thick mane and tail. And since the capon and the +eunuch acquired a cowardice that avoided fatigue, effort, or conflict, +it was clear that the mental qualities were as directly influenced by +the testicular secretion as the physical. It followed that the +well-nourished brain, capable of sustained concentration and clear +thinking, must necessarily be the brain that was fed by the normal +activity of the sex-glands, and it also followed that since youth in man +and woman is the time of matured beauty of face and form in man and +woman, when sexual secretions are of normal activity, therefore, the +sexual secretions were mainly responsible for the development of matured +beauty of face and form. From this it was clear and evident that the +haggard face, the lined face, the over-thin or the over-fat body, +phemonena familiar to all of us in men and women who have passed their +youth, were due in the main to lack of nourishment of the body-cells by +the seminal fluid, with lack of proper functioning of the organs, and +resultant lack of proper elimination of waste matter from the system, +producing that condition of slowing-down of the machine which is a part +of the aging process of the body and mind of man and woman, as seen in +all men and all women today. + +It is important always that you realize that though we may seem to +stress the physical improvement in human beings brought about by this +gland-transplantation, the more important change of the two is the +mental, and Dr. Brinkley's theory that ALL ENERGY IS SEX-ENERGY means +exactly that the powerful brain equally with the beautiful face owes its +strength and vigor exactly to the right functioning of the sex-glands. + +We must not be accused here of running to extravagance. It is not stated +that all human brains are of equal power or can be developed to equal +power. It is stated that all human brains of unusual power are brains +that are well-nourished by the testicular secretions, and it is implied, +with full understanding of what this statement leads to, that if, for +any reason, there is an interference with this sex-gland activity, the +unusual brain will cease in a short time to be unusual in its power, +grasp, and faculty of clear, continuous thought. Similarly it is stated +that if this unusual brain, after losing its power of sustained +thinking, is again fed by the renewed activities of the sex-glands, it +will re-establish its power, and the mind will display its former +brilliance. + +You see how amazing and far-reaching is the application of this +apparently simple theory that sex-energy is the basis of all human +energy. + +It is, after all, only another way of saying that all things proceed +from a common source, that Life is One, that Mind and Body derive from +the same source, that energy is so much an integral of matter, that in +the final analysis matter is only static energy; since the atom is made +of molecules, and molecules of electrons, and electrons of electricity, +or energy. + +In saying, therefore, that sex-energy is at the basis of all human +energy we may quite possibly be trending towards a solution of the +world-old question of what Life itself is. Some day, without a doubt, we +shall surprise this secret at its source. At present we are fortunate to +have discovered, through Dr. Brinkley's careful proving of his theory, +that human energy, no matter whether its manifestation be physical or +mental, has a common base of supply, the sex-glands, and that their +activity determines a brilliant mentality, or a dull brain; a state of +health, or a state of disease; beauty of form and feature and skin, or +wrinkles, sallowness and ugliness. These appearances and qualities are +phenomena which have the same source, or base. Many have felt this to be +true. Dr. Brinkley alone has had the wit and skill to find the means to +solve the problem as it should be solved to be of any value to humanity, +namely, to discover how the inactivity can be changed to activity, how +the blood of man and woman can be charged anew with the life-giving +hormones, perhaps, or whatever may be the name of that substance +secreted by the sex-glands and used by the blood to nourish all the +cells of the body, which MUST be present in the system if body and mind +are to continue to function at their best. + +[Illustration: DR. AND MRS. BRINKLEY] + + + + +CHAPTER II + +THE PRACTICE. MEN + + +Dr. Brinkley began his experiments in gland-transplanting upon animals +in the year 1911, three years before the European War, using goats, +sheep, and guinea-pigs as his subjects. He ran beyond the limits of his +resources in this experimental work on animals, which was interrupted by +his enlistment in the army, and assignment to service as First +Lieutenant in the Medical Corps. Passed fit for Foreign Duty he was +nevertheless unable to get across to France, and remained, like many +another good surgeon, on duty in various southern camps. + +Returning to civilian life he took up his quest again, varying a general +medical and surgical practice by continued observation and experiment in +gland-transplantations upon animals, leaning ever more strongly towards +the exclusive use of goats. About this time he heard of the work of +Professor Steinach of Vienna in grafting the glands of rats, and +producing changes in the character and appearance of the animals by +inverting the process of nature and transplanting male glands into +females, and vice versa, sometimes with success. He had followed with +the greatest interest also the experiments of Dr. Frank Lydston of +Chicago, who performed his first human-gland transplantation upon +himself, an example of courage that falls not far short of heroism. But +Dr. Brinkley was never favorably impressed with the idea of using the +glands of a human being for the renovation of the life-force of another +human being. He was looking to the young of the animal kingdom to +furnish him with the material he proposed to use to improve the +functioning of human organs, and more certainly as time passed he drew +to the conclusion that in the goat, and in the goat alone, was to be +found that gland-tissue which, because of its rapid maturity, potency, +and freedom from those diseases to which humanity is liable, was most +sure under right conditions of implantation to feed, nourish, grow into +and become a part of, human gland-tissue. + +Later we will dwell a little upon some of his results. It is worthy of +note in passing that his first experiment upon a human being was an +unqualified success. He transplanted the goat-glands into a farmer who +was forty-six years of age, happily married, but childless, and one year +after the transplantation a child was born, who was christened "Billy" +in honor of the circumstances responsible for his birth. By patient +selection Dr. Brinkley has found that the Toggenburg breed of Swiss goat +gives him the best possible stock to use in his gland-work. This choice +was forced upon him by results obtained by the use of other breeds. He +found that the Toggenburg goat gave him best results because the animal, +besides its sound health, carries none of that persistent odor which is +peculiar to male goats the world over, and which, if shed abroad by a +human being would make his neighborhood unpleasant. He found that the +best age of the male goats whose glands were to be transplanted was from +three weeks to a month. He found that the best age at which to use the +ovaries of the female goat was one year, because, unlike its youthful +brother, the female goat's sex-activities are not developed before that +age. + +His method of transplanting the glands into a man is by making two +incisions in the man's scrotum under simple local anesthesia, +a practically painless operation, but from this point on the technique +varies according to the conditions presented by the case. No two cases +are exactly alike, and Dr. Brinkley performs no two operations exactly +alike. That is the reason, he explains, why, with the best will in the +world to teach his fellow-practitioners what to do and how to do it, he +is nevertheless unable to state in writing exactly what treatment to use +to cover all cases. It cannot be taught by correspondence, and, simple +though it sounds to hear it, it cannot be learned by attendance at a few +clinics. It is delicate in this sense, that if it is not rightly +performed in the individual case the glands will slough. That means loss +of time, loss of temper, and the waste of a perfectly good pair of young +goat-glands. Another very important thing which his experiments have +taught Dr. Brinkley is this: the glands on being removed from the goat +must immediately be placed in a salt solution warmed to blood-heat, and +they must be used on the human being WITHIN TWENTY MINUTES from the time +they are taken from the goat. No such thing is possible as keeping these +glands in the refrigerator for twenty-four hours, or anything of that +kind, before using. The more quickly after removal from the animal they +are used the more likely they are to take hold and grow. In his men +cases he uses sometimes one gland, sometimes two; sometimes the whole +gland, just as it came from the young goat, sometimes a part of the +gland only, but he leans to the opinion that the gland of the +three-weeks-old goat gives best results if used entire, without +trimming. Sometimes he lays the gland +upon+ the outside of the human +testis, connecting part with part; sometimes he opens the testis by +incision and lays the goat-gland within the cleft. Very often there are +adhesions which must be broken down before the goat-gland can function +rightly. Very often there are unsuspected hydroceles, forming cysts in +the testicular mass, which must be cut out, or there may be varicocele +requiring attention. The patient suffers very slight inconvenience; the +local anesthetic is enough to dull the pain even of the breaking down of +the adhesions, so that it is at its worst no more than the pain of a +toothache, and lasts a very brief while. Many of the patients converse +with the doctor while the operation is proceeding. The pain is +negligible. The doctor proceeds according to the condition, age, etc., +of his patient. He may ligate, that is to say, tie off, the tubes that +connect with one testis, or the other, or both; he may not ligate at +all. It will depend upon the result sought, the condition present, and +the age of the patient. Suppose the patient is an old man in whom it is +desired to produce rejuvenation; the doctor then will ligate both sides, +in order that the new glands when they take hold, and begin to feed the +testes of the man, stimulating these to a new activity, may not be +overtaxed to the point of excess usage by the patient when he returns +home and finds himself in possession of a sexual vigor that has been +unknown to him for many years. This increase in sexual vigor ++invariably+ follows, regardless of the age of the patient. The glowing +letters on file in the doctor's office attest this. Here, for instance, +is a letter from a man eighty-one years of age, who says, "I feel like a +boy of eighteen. This is something I have not known for more than forty +years. The goat-glands have certainly done the work for me, but I wish, +doctor, you would fix it so that I could complete the sexual act," etc., +etc. + +But this completion of the sexual act is exactly the thing that is to be +avoided in the case of these old men. Remember the theory in the last +chapter, "All animal energy is sex-energy." The conversion of this +sex-energy into other forms of energy, physical and mental, is the aim, +and this aim would be frustrated if these old men were given full power +to do as they pleased with their new-found youthful vigor. You cannot +always trust them. That is the purpose of the ligating of both sides, +making the emission of the semen impossible. The life-force, then, +having no other outlet, can do nothing else but reinvigorate the entire +system by pouring its precious fluids into the blood. + +Suppose, now, the case is that of a man of fifty who is physically run +down, married, and anxious to be the father of a child. In such a case, +if the man is physically sound, Dr. Brinkley will do one of two things. +After the transplantation of the new glands he will either ligate one +side permanently, and allow one testis to carry on the work of +rejuvenation while the other can be used for procreation, or he will +ligate both sides and say to the man, "I am tying off both testes +because you will need to rebuild for at least one year before you should +think of becoming a father. But I am ligating with linen thread, which +does not dissolve, and if you come back to me in one year from now I +will remove the ligatures, one or both, and you will then be able to +procreate." This is reasonable and wise talk, and the man makes no +objection. When the year of probation, as you might call it, has +expired, the man returns to the hospital, the ligature is removed, and +he goes home in a couple of days. These things are not fairy-tales, but +solid facts, amazing as they sound to you. There are five goat-gland +babies today among Dr. Brinkley's patients that he knows of, four boys +and one girl. There are probably many more of whom he has heard nothing, +for patients have a way of moving out of touch after awhile. + + + + +CHAPTER III + +THE PRACTICE. WOMEN + + +At Dr. Brinkley's hospital, a beautifully appointed private residence, +it is a comfort to women patients to have the doctor's wife, herself a +competent surgeon if necessary, at hand during the actual operation. +Mrs. Brinkley administers the local anesthetic, or the general +anesthetic, if that is called for, as it sometimes is. While +the bulk of the operations performed on both men and women are +gland-transplantations, a diseased condition of tubes and ovaries has +sometimes made a laporotomy necessary, and many major operations have +been successfully performed in the white-enameled operating room. +At such times a woman clings to the presence of a woman, and Mrs. +Brinkley's kind and pleasant manner is usually sufficient to banish all +nervousness from the woman patient. + +In ordinary cases of gland-transplantation into women, where the patient +is in good physical condition, with no disease of the organs, the +operation is as simple as in the case of the man. The speculum discloses +the condition of the vagina, and the insertion of the new ovary is into +the mucous membrane of the vagina, leaving the goat-ovary about four +inches distant from the woman's. The only incision made is a small one, +about one inch long, painless under local anesthetic, the purpose of the +incision being to get a blood supply for the goat-ovary. Sometimes one +ovary is implanted, sometimes two; invariably the new ovary is trimmed +to a reduction in size. Invariably it is implanted within twenty minutes +of its removal from the nanny-goat. Unfortunately for the goat, the +removal of her ovaries usually costs her her life. She mopes for a few +days, refuses to eat, and dies. She is always given a general +anesthetic, and the removal is painless at least, if fatal. Pursuing the +conclusions drawn from his long experience, Dr. Brinkley has found that +women derive more instant benefit from the glands than men with respect +to their awakened enthusiasm, improved appearance, and recovery of the +feeling of poise and well-being. Very noticeable is the change of figure +which follows the implanting of the new ovaries in the case of a fat +woman. The change is equally marked in the case of a fat man. A man of +abnormal weight, 250 lbs., lost fifty pounds in two weeks following the +operation, during which time he remained at the hospital, feeling well +and strong, but shrinking in girth amazingly. When he left the hospital +his clothes hung about him in bags and folds. The fat woman's spirits +seem to rise as her weight decreases, and she feels as if she had indeed +regained the buoyancy of her youth. + +Dr. Brinkley by no means asserts that the woman whose ovaries have been +removed by surgical operation will grow two new ovaries after the +transplantation has been made, but he cites the case of a woman whose +ovaries had been removed by surgical operation some years previous, the +uterus remaining intact, in whom he implanted two goat-ovaries, and +whose periods shortly afterwards returned on a four-day basis, with +twenty-eight-day interval. He does not say that the goat-ovaries +transplanted into the woman have grown new ovaries, but there remains +the phenomenon of the renewed menstruation, and this is very difficult +to account for. In barren women, from twenty-eight to thirty-five years +of age, in whom he has found not a diseased, but an atrophied, condition +of the ovaries, the transplantation has invariably been attended with +success to the removal of the barrenness, the new glands evidently +bringing about the development of ova. Nor does Dr. Brinkley say that in +the case of a man who has had both glands removed by surgical operation, +the transplantation will produce new glands for the man, and yet he has +had two successes to offset several failures in this very result, +without any clue to why the success followed in the one case and not in +the other. The work is yet in its infancy stage, and Dr. Brinkley is the +first to admit that there is far more about it to be known than he has +yet succeeded in knowing. He is averse to experimenting upon women +patients at this stage of his knowledge, and has many times refused to +transplant the glands for women who have requested him to perform the +operation for them. One such case was at the hospital during the +writer's visit there in April. She was a paralysis case, quite fat, +unable to walk except by putting forward one foot at a time, supported +by the arm of someone on each side of her. She was driven to the +hospital in an automobile, accompanied by her husband and daughter, from +the farm--two hundred miles away! Dr. Brinkley strongly urged her not to +have the gland operation performed at all, but she insisted upon giving +it a trial. It is too soon yet to speak of results in this case, but in +Dr. Brinkley's view it is asking too much of the glands to expect them +to produce favorable results in a case of this severity. Yet, at this +time, there was in the hospital a young woman suffering from Dementia +Praecox, whose mother had been watching over her for twelve years, and +on whom the affliction of her daughter had so weighed that she told the +writer she wished God would take one or the other of them, because it +was more than she could bear. This young woman had been confined in the +State Hospital for the Insane, and had been treated by specialists for +many years, without any benefit at all. There was some homicidal mania, +much depression, and attempts at suicide. She could not be left alone in +her room for a moment. But the day after the transplantation of the +glands this young woman embraced her mother, and talked so rationally to +her that she called in Dr. Brinkley, and with tears repeated what her +daughter had just said. Dr. Brinkley advised her that the results were +altogether too sudden to build upon. "There will certainly be ups and +downs yet," he said. "You must expect good days and bad days, when you +will doubt if your daughter is any better. But, to make a normal +recovery, she +ought+ to show an alternation of good and bad days, with +the good days gradually drawing ahead and becoming more frequent and +more marked. I look for her to recover entirely in a year's time, but +she will always retain her sensitiveness and a certain amount of +hysteria, so that things that would not bother you or me will hurt her +grievously. You must be prepared to expect this to happen. But I see no +reason at all why she should not in the near future become a happy wife +and mother." The blessings of this good mother were a reward in +themselves, and were so received by the doctor and his wife. When such +results as this are obtained it becomes very difficult to draw a line +and say, "The goat-glands will do no good here." Physicians of the best +standing had said to this poor mother before she took her daughter to +Kansas, "So you're determined to try the goat-glands? You are wasting +your time and money. Brinkley is nothing but a fake. If there were any +help for your daughter we could cure her. We can do nothing. There is no +help for her!" This was repeated to the writer by the mother, and he +vouches for its truth. Is it not evident that a better understanding of +the goat-gland operation is highly desirable among physicians and +surgeons today? + +Quite a frequent style of inquiry from women to the doctor runs like +this: "I am in good health, and in every way normal; age 35. I want to +remain as I am, and grow no older in appearance than I am today. Do you +think that the goat-gland operation would keep me from getting any +older?" To this kind of inquiry Dr. Brinkley makes a stereotyped reply, +something as follows: "If you are today in good health I should not +advise the goat-gland operation, but would advise it in your case as +soon as you have passed the change of life, in ten or fifteen years from +now." To the writer he said, "I cannot conscientiously advise this woman +to submit to this operation, because I don't know that the glands would +advantage her in any way. They might, or they might not. I don't know. +It is therefore experimental work, and I cannot take her money for an +experiment. I must have something definite in the way of experience to +go upon. There must be some evident condition of ill-health to be set +right. But, on the other hand, though I will not advise these people to +take the gland operation, there may be something in her idea that the +glands will arrest age and hold it back. I have never been in a position +where I could afford to experiment on young and healthy human beings, +and this point can only be settled by such experiment upon healthy and +young human beings. I should say at a guess that the operation would do +her no good, but you understand that this is a guess only. I do not know +anything about it. All such things as this we shall learn by degrees by +further experiment. At present I am kept busy attending to cases of real +sickness, or defined conditions of arrest of function, where I have +experience to guide me in saying that the gland-operation will be of +benefit, but, if I could afford to perform a few of these experimental +operations for nothing, at no cost to the patient, I should be glad of +the chance. There is so much yet to be learned in this work." + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY + + +The +New York American+, issue of March 14, 1920, carried the following +articles: + + +GOAT GLANDS SUCCESSFUL+ + + +Head of Hospital Tells of the Curing of Sterility + by the New Discovery and of Control of Sex + Through Simple Operation--Disease + and Insanity Also Banished.+ + + +By Dr. W. H. Ballou+ + +Dr. J. R. Brinkley, head of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training +School for Nurses at Milford, Kansas, has now furnished to the +scientific world what are termed "ample proof cases" that by +implantation of the fresh interstitial glands of the goat sterile people +may bear children of either sex desired. Already the town is filling up +with childless people waiting to be operated upon. Incidentally, cases +of insanity are cured within thirty-six hours after a simple operation. +Other diseases also disappear. Milford is a small town 150 miles west of +Kansas City. Here Dr. Brinkley has performed more than 100 major +operations, and more than 300 minor operations, each one a success; +cured more than 1,000 cases of Influenza, without losing a case; and +cured one "hopeless" case of sleeping-sickness. + +The practice of Dr. Brinkley accords with the investigations of glands +by Professor Arthur Keith, president of the Anthropological Section of +the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Keith +states: "The interstitial gland has as much to do with the growth, in +certain particulars, as the pituitary gland has in general bodily +growth. All of the changes we see in children after they begin to grow, +which bring to prominence racial characteristics, depend upon the action +of the interstitial gland. If the gland is removed, or remains in +abeyance, the maturing of the body is prolonged or altered. Sex +differences, the more robust manifestations of males, are more emphatic +in the white than in either the black or yellow race. This is shown in +the beardless face and almost hairless body of Mongols and Negroes, and +especially in Nilotic tribes of Negroes with long, stork-like legs, +which is a manifestation of abeyance of the interstitial gland. As she +grows aged, and her sexual condition closes, woman assumes the coarser +and more masculine appearance, due to the loss of functioning of this +gland. It is the prime factor in differentiating the races of mankind." + +Kingsley affirms, in "Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates" that +"interstitial cells carries secretions in man which pass into the blood. +They apparently cause secondary male characters such as, among other +things, hair on the face and change of voice at the close of boyhood. +They govern most female characteristics." + +We are on the eve of a tremendous revolution, which must cause a drastic +revision of all works on zoology, anatomy, genetics, physiology, and +evolution in general. The enormous investigations of glands and their +secretions have sprung up and focused since the middle of the World War +period. These investigations are rapidly resulting in a new surgery and +a new practice of medicine. + + + +Discoverer of New Method of Rejuvenation + Tells History+ + + By Dr. J. R. Brinkley + +My first operation was upon a husband in a childless family, forty-six +years old, and married for sixteen years. His wife was forty-two years +old. I transplanted in him the interstitial gland of a male goat. His +health improved almost at once, and he thereafter looked and acted like +a man many years younger. Within a year he was the father of a fine baby +boy. The father continues to retain his improved vitality. The boy was +named "Billy" in honor of the goat. + +Next a young woman came to me for the operation. I found her glands +diseased, removed them, and replaced them with the interstitial glands +of a male goat. Her recovery was speedy. A year later she gave birth to +a strong boy baby, now four months old. These were but the beginnings. +Other women desired female offspring and have received the glands of the +female goat. There are now some twenty-five cases in the hospital at +Milford receiving goat-glands. + +[Illustration: THE DEMENTIA PRAECOX CASE, AND MISS LEWIS HEAD NURSE] + ++Insanity Is Cured.+ In the hospital is a man who came from New York +City recently and received two male goat-glands upon his arrival. During +his past he had been in three New York Insane Asylums, and had gone to +the Mayo and other institutions. Nothing had been accomplished for his +case, and he had been told finally that he was incurable and must remain +a mental defective. He had decided to commit suicide if I failed to +remedy his condition. In thirty-six hours after the insertion of +goat-glands his temperature had risen to above 103 degrees, but became +normal twenty-four hours later, and has since remained so. His mind has +gradually cleared, he looks and feels younger, and is contemplating +marriage. The hideous dreams and nightmares which had destroyed his +sleep and rest for many past years have left him, and he now eats and +sleeps well. Apparently the cure is complete. + +A case of Dementia Praecox, violent in character, was brought to me as a +result of the cure in the above case. Restraint was necessary, even to +the strapping of his hands, feet and body to the bed. He was in all +respects a typical insane asylum case, destined to remain under +restraint. The second day after two male goat glands had been inserted +he spoke to me, saying, "Doctor, won't you please remove the straps so I +can rest comfortably? I am perfectly aware of everything now and feel as +if snatched from the grave." We removed his shackles and on the +following day he called for books to read. He made a beautiful +convalescence and a perfect recovery. He is now with his wife and +children at home, transacting his business as a normal and sane man. +Since 90 per cent of insanity cases and 75 per cent of divorce cases are +due to diseased glands, I may be pardoned for holding out hope to a +vast, hopeless class, numbered at over 3,000,000 Americans. + ++Sterility Is Banished.+ As a rule the women who come to me for +treatment prefer to bear male children. In such cases it is essential +that they should receive the interstitial glands of the male goat. We +have in hospital at the moment, however, a childless married woman of +twenty-eight, who wishes devoutly for a female child. We found her +sterile of a natural gland and inserted the gland of a female goat. Her +transformation has been remarkable, and I am confident her first child +will be a girl. + +You naturally ask about the future, which can only be premised. Women +who have received male goat-glands will continue to bear male children, +if any; those that receive the female goat glands will continue to bear +girl babies. The future carries a promise of much information to be +gleaned along this line. I cannot say what would happen if the husband +were to receive male goat glands and the wife female goat glands. Their +progeny might or might not be mixed. We will try it on any sterile +couple that desires, knowing positively that normal children of one or +both sexes will result. + +Where substitution of glands of any character is essential, they should +be taken from the goat operated upon immediately before the human +implanting, and be inserted at once. Glands should not be taken from the +ape or other animal for human use. The goat is immune to tuberculosis, +He is a clean animal, full of health and vitality. Apes are very subject +to tuberculosis. One can never tell whether an ape is diseaseless or +not. It is generally unlawful to substitute our human glands, and, even +though they could be readily obtained, they are apt to be infected with +some disease. + +The essential element of foods is the vitamin, a nitrogenous substance +of indeterminate nature. Without it we would starve, though eating +plenty of proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and water. Nothing will +sustain life if the vitamins are absent from the diet. Goat's milk +contains these important substances in greater abundance than any other +animal food. + ++The Goat Reacts Like Human.+ The goat alone among mammals reacts to +poisons almost identically as human beings react, and the poison gases +of the war had precisely the same effect upon him as upon the soldiers. +So 1,500 goats did their bit in the war in an experimental way. These +points in his favor, and other similarities to man, are the reasons +which led me to select the goat as the best possible material in this +work. Goat-glands alone seemed to be harmonious and sympathetic when +transplanted into the human body. In other words, the hormones of goat +and man agree. + +We still know less about the causes of hormones than the effects. On +account of the mutual tolerance of goat and human hormones the goat +gland speedily attaches a blood supply in the human body, and cell by +cell is replaced so that it soon functions as the original gland would +had it been present and normal. The new gland is also exceptional in +that it does not have to be placed near or at the location of the proper +human gland. It can be inserted in any place where it is not liable to +injury, even in the hip in men.[*] + +It should be noted that I do not claim to make old men young again, or +that I have discovered the secret fountain of youth. I am engaged in the +practical work of giving health, normality and progeny to men and women +who have been cheated out of their natural heritage. I have named the +process "re-creative gland operation" in accordance with the belief now +general among genetists and anatomists that if the clock of time is ever +to be turned back for humanity it can only be through glandular +transplantations. Glands have proved much superior to any animal extract +or serum in this class of cases. Often in serums the poison elements are +retained, but not the nutritive. We use the whole goat gland, as a rule, +because we do not know in what part of it the hormones hide. The +attempted transplantations of kidneys have thus far failed because the +kidney product is waste matter, not live cells as in the case of the +interstitial glands. + + [Footnote: Author's Note.--The date of this interview is more than + one year old, March, 1920. Today Dr. Brinkley implants the male + glands by incision in the acrotum of the man, and in no other + place whatever, having found this method of operation the most + sure in results. Today he uses only the male goat-glands for the + man, and only the female goat's ovaries for the woman.] + + + (From The Chicago Tribune, of date February 1, 1920.) + + +GOAT GLANDS GIVE BABIES TO CHILDLESS.+ + + +Woman and Three Men Become Parents After + Transplantation.+ + +Milford, Kansas.--A surgeon in this little Kansas town has lifted from +womanhood the curse of sterility. + +He is Dr. J. R. Brinkley, chief surgeon of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital +of Milford. + +For several years Dr. Brinkley has made a study of the transplantation +of the interstitial glands and its results. Two years ago he performed +his first operation upon a human being. Since then he has circumvented +nature four times, making it possible for three men and one woman to +become parents. He is awaiting results hopefully in four other cases. + +The most remarkable case is that of the woman. She is a young married +woman of Milford, who had been married several years and had despaired +of bearing children. About a year and a half ago she heard of Dr. +Brinkley and his success with interstitial gland operations. She went to +him and asked him if he could cure her sterility. Dr. Brinkley made no +promises--he never does. But he told her the operation was a simple one, +and that it would improve her health, even if it failed to give her a +child. She gladly submitted to the operation. + +Dr. Brinkley removed an interstitial gland from a live male goat. He +made a slight incision in the woman's abdomen, inserted the gland and +stitched it in. In a week the patient was about her household duties +again. Six months ago she gave birth to a healthy baby. It was a boy. +The mother was the happiest woman in Kansas. + +The surgeon had treated six other cases similarly, but all were men--men +who loved children and yearned for parenthood. Three of the men are now +fathers of healthy children. + +In each case Dr. Brinkley had used male goat glands--and all the babies +were boys. + +Then this occurred to him:-- + +"If I transplant female goat glands maybe the babies will be girls!" He +decided to try it, and two months ago his opportunity arrived. A woman +came to him just as his first woman patient had come. She was 28 years +old, had been married six years, and was childless. Dr. Brinkley +performed the operation, using the glands of a female goat. He is now +awaiting results. "I do not say this woman will have a girl baby," said +Dr. Brinkley today, "but I am experimenting. It may be merely a +coincidence that all the babies so far have been boys. So far as I know, +I am the first surgeon to experiment with gland implantation in women. +I am also the first to use goat glands in preference to others. + +"Unquestionably I have cured sterility in one woman, and I have utmost +faith that it can be cured in any other, so long as all of her organs +are not missing. The operation is a little more difficult than it is in +the case of men, but no more serious. Where a man recovers, and can get +about, in two or three days, a woman recovers in a week. + +"All of my patients are much improved in their general health as a +result of the operation. I wouldn't say that this operation holds the +secret of eternal youth. I don't know. All my patients have been between +the ages of 32 and 48, so that I cannot speak from experience. +I believe, however, that the operation will prolong life; I know that it +improves the health in every way. But I cannot say that it will restore +the bloom of youth to an old man's cheek. I am considering, however, an +operation upon a man 80 years old who came to me and asked for the +operation. Whether he would be able to have children as a result of it I +do not know." + +None of Dr. Brinkley's patients had been parents until they came to him. +Now the oldest of the babies is 13 months; another is 8 months and a +third is 6. Dr. Brinkley does not claim to be a specialist in gland +implantation; he is merely a practicing surgeon who has made a study of +the subject and is doing what he can to help unfortunate people. The +doctor's modesty until now has hidden his remarkable discovery from the +world, but he is now writing a report on his results. + + + (From the San Diego, Cal., +Union+, of date, + February 7, 1920.) + +Scientists who formerly ignored Dr. Brinkley's letters are now writing +to him asking him for exhaustive reports of his work. The sarcastic +attitude came largely heretofore from those who were unwilling to +believe that such operations of the highest scientific importance, were +being performed in an out of the way village that couldn't be found on a +railway map. + +Dr. Brinkley, who was graduated from the Medical Department of Loyola +University, and who has traveled over all the world, explained his +residence in Milford. After leaving the army he sought a location in a +small town, selecting Milford as the result of a newspaper +advertisement, and going there, found it to consist of less than 200 +inhabitants. But the surrounding territory was rich and the farmers +prosperous, and in the isolated location he saw the chance of continuing +experiments begun at Bellevue Hospital, New York. Later he found himself +compelled to build his own hospital to care for the patients that +arrived, attracted by the news of the goat-gland operations. Dr. +Brinkley is 35 years old and has been a skilled surgeon for more than 15 +years. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of +Science, the American Medical Association, the Missouri Valley Medical +Association, the Kansas Medical Association, and a Fellow of the +Clinical Congress of Internal Medicine. He is also a 32nd Degree Mason. + +In the treatment of pneumonia and influenza Dr. Brinkley uses serums of +his own invention. In the treatment of his cases of influenza last year +the reports of the health authorities of Geary County, Kansas, show that +Dr. Brinkley didn't lose a single case. Milford is in Geary County, and +Geary County swears by Dr. Brinkley. + + + + +CHAPTER V + +A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT + + +The intention in offering for your perusal the preceding newspaper +accounts of Dr. Brinkley's work in the opening months of the year 1920 +was to show you what his views at that time were regarding the value of +the gland operation which he has since made his life-work. The Chicago +Tribune speaks of it as incidental to his general work as a surgeon. Dr. +Brinkley himself speaks of shortly beginning an experiment upon an old +man of 80. A year later he looked back upon a record of achievement of +the most astounding results in operations performed upon men of 75, 80, +and even 81. During this past year he has perfected his technique, +implants the male glands exclusively into men and the female glands or +ovaries into women, and has definitely selected the scrotum of the man +as the only right place in which to introduce the goat-glands for the +transplantation. You are here viewing the development of a great +scientific discovery from the beginning of its employment upon human +beings. Nor is there any reason to suppose that the year 1922 will +produce no embellishment of value in the form of a wider application of +the method. Some very striking limitations have been established during +the past year's work. For instance: + +If the blood examination shows a positive Wasserman test for syphilis it +is useless to transplant the glands, because they will certainly slough +out. Active syphilis is antagonistic to the goat-tissue. Even latent +syphilis, showing a negative Wasserman, is likely to produce a slough of +the glands. Nothing should be concealed from the doctor, of course, and +yet it has happened at the hospital at Milford that a patient on being +questioned in advance of the operation has emphatically stated that he +had never contracted syphilis, and three days later, after the +transplantation, when the sloughing of the new glands had shown +something definitely wrong with the blood, this patient admitted that he +had not spoken the truth in the matter, but had contracted the disease +many years previously. On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia, in which +there is invariably a history of syphilis, the goat-glands take hold +without exception, the efficacy of the transplantation in this disease, +hitherto incurable by any means known to man, being due to the power of +the new glands to cause a dissolving of scar-tissue, in the opinion of +Dr. Abrams of San Francisco, who investigated the remarkable results +attained by Dr. Brinkley in his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by the +goat-gland operation. + +If the goat-glands are transplanted into members of the Hebrew race +there follows invariably a high temperature persisting for several days, +after which the cure proceeds normally without any untoward occurrence. +Glands transplanted into a negro will slough, or, at least, they did so +in the one case on which Dr. Brinkley performed the operation, for no +apparent reason other than a supposed racial antagonism to goat-tissue. +No experiments have yet been conducted upon Japanese, Chinese, Hindus, +or our native Indians. When the blood count shows high in white +(leucocytes) and low in red, the glands will slough, but the reverse +condition does not hold true. And now let us consider the case of Mr. +Ernst, of Morganville, Kansas, who is over 77 years of age, and who +permits the use of his name and address. One of the most curious +features of his case is that when he came for the operation his hair, +white as snow, was thin on the scalp, the color of the skin of the scalp +showing through the hair, as it frequently does in the aged. That was +almost a year ago. Mr. Ernst's hair is now turning black all over the +head, the scalp shows a thickening in the growth, or an increase in the +quantity of hair, and you cannot now see the scalp through the hair. Mr. +Ernst wrote an excellent letter to Dr. Brinkley two months ago, and +states that he has no objection at all to its reproduction. When a +personal story of this kind is offered for use it is as well to use it +in its original form, but this so rarely happens in this work that for +its uniqueness alone it would be worth while to put it before you. With +some notable exceptions, the men patients who have been operated upon by +Dr. Brinkley feel ashamed of the fact. Not for anything would they let +their friends or acquaintances know anything about it. The veil of +secrecy is, of course, never lifted by the doctor. The women patients +have none of this false shame, apparently, but enjoy discussing the +results of the operation with their friends. It is, perhaps, natural +that a United States Senator, two of whom have been operated on with +much advantage to themselves, should shrink from the jocose remarks of +friend or foe and the curiosity of acquaintances. There is good reason, +in the case of a public man, for avoidance of notice in the matter, and +that is one of the advantages of having the hospital located in the tiny +village of Milford. If freedom from observation is the wish it is +certainly gratified there. Agreeing, therefore, on the whole, with the +reticence of the public man in this matter, we yet feel a certain +satisfaction in the robust avowals of Mr. Ernst. Follows his letter of +January, 1921: + +"I am 77 years old, employed as commercial salesman by one of the +largest manufacturing companies of its kind in the world, and command a +good salary and the confidence of my employers. Since my operation at +Dr. Brinkley's hospital I am now their free lance salesman, opening up +new territory and making good money. Any doubting Thomas may send me a +self-addressed envelope if he questions the genuineness of what I say +here about myself, and I will take time to answer him. First, the +operation is absolutely painless. For a number of years I was a martyr +to Sciatica and Muscular Rheumatism. I used every Patent Medicine I +could hear of, besides Osteopathy and Chiropractic, and innumerable +prescriptions from physicians, and received no benefit at all. The +sciatic trouble was bad enough, but to this you must add loss of memory, +hydrocele, kidney trouble, constipation, no appetite, and insomnia. Most +nights two hours sleep was the most I could get, for the pains were +incessant. I read in ... the +Kansas City Post+ last Spring about Dr. +Brinkley's Goat-Gland operation, and decided to try it right away. I was +in such misery I would have tried +anything+. Now I want to tell you, in +the fewest words, that the amazing truth is that I have not had a twinge +of pain of any kind at all since the operation, and have only a memory +of my former suffering. This is a marvelous thing. I have the feeling of +a youth. Whenever you want to hear from me I will write again and tell +you what changes have taken place in me as the result of this operation. +If I was asked to put a cash value upon the operation in my own case I +could not do it, but I can say that all I possess in cash would be a +poor equivalent for the difference the operation has made in my life. +What is the difference in cash value between a life that is worth living +and one that is constant misery? I don't know how you would fix that +value, but that is the difference the operation has made in me. + + S. H. ERNST." + +Dr. Brinkley has kept in close touch with Mr. Ernst, and received other +letters, not for publication, in which the old gentleman went frankly +into details of the change that had been wrought in him by the operation +in the matter of astonishing sexual vigor. For obvious reasons such +details, while of the greatest scientific interest, cannot be more than +hinted at in a book, and we must content ourselves with the acceptance +of the fact as a fact of interest to science, to Dr. Brinkley, to the +world of aged men at our doors, and to Mr. Ernst particularly, rejoicing +in his new-found vigor. + +Apart from the genuinely happy tone of his letters to Dr. Brinkley, the +phenomenon of the darkening of the hair strikes most sharply on the +attention. Perhaps our satisfaction in this particular piece of evidence +of rejuvenation is due to the fact that it is an objective proof; +something visible to the eye, tangible; something for which we are not +required to take anybody's opinion, but can trust our eyesight for the +fact of it. It is something in which the psychic factor, the feelings, +the imagination, the auto-suggestion, does not enter at all, and that is +why it is exceedingly well worthy of note. Looking back over the years, +and casting up in your minds all the people of sixty and seventy years +of age whom you have known, can you put your finger on a single one +whose hair turned in color from white to dark and at the same time from +thin to thick? You probably cannot. Nor can the writer. It is reasonable +to conclude, therefore, that the goat-glands alone have done this thing +in the case of Mr. Ernst. + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS + + +We must go to the pages of +The Chicago Evening American+ of date August +18, 1920, for the story of Chancellor Tobias, written by Lloyd Lehrbas, +of the American staff, with a brief introductory note, as follows: + +(Here is one of the most remarkable news stories ever published in any +Chicago newspaper. So startling is its detail that +The Chicago Evening +American+ in the interest of absolute accuracy submitted it to the +person most concerned for his approval, so there can be no question +concerning the facts, scientific or otherwise. Other men and women +involved are not mentioned because the facts being established in the +most important case, it is not considered necessary.) + +Goat interstitial gland operations have been successfully performed on +J. J. Tobias, Chancellor of the Chicago Law School, and thirty-five +other Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, Kansas, +who has been in Chicago for the past six weeks, performing the +operations every day. + +[Illustration: THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL, MILFORD, KANSAS, U.S.A.] + +An alderman, a well-known political figure, living on the Gold Coast, +a judge, a prominent real estate man, a newspaper man, three women, one +of whom is well known on the North Shore, and other Chicagoans, have +found the lost Fountain of Youth as a result of the miracle-surgeon's +transplanting the revivifying interstitial glands of a goat into their +human bodies. + +The story of Dr. Brinkley's knife magic is the story of a surgeon's +study and experimenting for nine years, ending with the successful +accomplishment of the gland operation performed on thirty-six +Chicagoans, who are alive and healthy today. + +The complete story, with laboratory data, the name of one of the +prominent patients, and an authorized interview with Dr. Brinkley is +told for the first time in +The Evening American+ today. + ++Successful on Women.+ Proof that the operation has been successful on +women as well as men makes the story of increased interest. Until now it +has been the general conception that the operation was successful on men +only. A Chicago woman is now supremely happy because, after years of +hoping, the operation has made it possible for her to become a mother. + +Five months ago, Chancellor Tobias was, in his own words, played out. +His years of teaching in the Chicago Law School had reduced his +vitality. + +Chancellor Tobias went to Dr. Brinkley's hospital and submitted to the +operation in order to relieve arterial congestion in the brain, caused +by two attacks of influenza, a year apart. So serious had become his +condition and so severe the attacks of vertigo and high blood pressure, +that his attending physician informed him he was in imminent danger of +death. The planting of the interstitial glands in Chancellor Tobias' +body relieved the congestion and fully eliminated the cause. + ++Purged of All Ills.+ Today he has dropped the years from his shoulders, +purged his body and brain of ills, and stands revivified. + +"I feel like a youth again," the aged chancellor said today. "I'm a new +man." + +The stories of the other Chicagoans who have been benefited by the +operation read like fiction. They were ill, they were old, they +apparently were beyond the skill of the surgeon's knife, or spiritual +hope. Now from their own lips come paeans of glorification for restored +vitality and youth, all due to the humble goat and the surgical skill of +a country surgeon. + ++Tobias' Own Story.+ Today I called at the law school in the Monadnock +Building to see Chancellor Tobias and get the story from his own lips. +The reports seemed too rosy. The facts seemed overstated. The results +appeared to me unduly magnified. But here was a prominent lawyer who had +the operation performed. Here was assurance there would be no buncombe +from him. + +An alert, peppy, gray-haired man sprang up to greet me, his eyes, the +eyes of youth, his step firm and sprightly, his handclasp steady and +strong. And yet he was 71 years old! + +"Do you really feel younger?" + ++Twenty-five Years Younger.+ Chancellor Tobias threw out his chest, +squared his shoulders,--and smiled. "I feel twenty-five years younger. +I'm a new man, strong, and good for twenty years of work," he replied. +"I was ill, old, and played out, but the operation has completely +revivified me." + +"How does it feel to have been old, and then become young again?" + +"Glorious!" + ++Was "Played Out."+ And here is Chancellor Tobias' story of the fountain +of youth. + +"After teaching for twenty-five years in the Chicago Law School," he +said. "I was played out. I suffered intense headaches. My eyesight began +failing. There was a constant ringing in my ears. Dizziness came with +increasing regularity. Mentally and physically I was an old man. Then I +heard of Dr. Brinkley." + +Chancellor Tobias went to Milford, Kansas, as a last hope in March of +this year. + +On March 26 Dr. Brinkley selected a two months' old goat and removed the +interstitial glands. They were placed in a solution at body heat and +taken to the operating room. Dr. Tobias was given an anesthetic. Dr. +Brinkley leaned over the operating table, made a quick, accurate +incision, planted the goat gland, and fifteen minutes later the +operation was over. + ++Eyesight Improves.+ "Four days after the operation," the Chancellor +continued, "the headaches had disappeared, and my eyesight was greatly +improved. And seven days afterwards, I left the hospital a new man." + +One month after the operation Chancellor Tobias wrote to Dr. Brinkley: +"I really feel twenty years younger. My health has improved wonderfully. +I have regained my lost vigor and vitality. I'm a recreated youth." + +And today even Chancellor Tobias' fellow faculty members, many of them +nationally famous attorneys, admit that Dr. Tobias has improved 100 per +cent. + ++"Almost Unbelievable."+ "I hesitate to speak of this," Chancellor +Tobias said. "It is so wonderful it is almost unbelievable. The public +cannot appreciate what the operation means. There has been some levity +over the news of the gland operations, but it should be treated with the +greatest respect and admiration. The operation has been a success on me +so I am in a position to speak authoritatively. It is one of the +greatest things of the century." + +Among the other thirty-five patients who have been successfully operated +on are many well-known to thousands of people in Chicago. Here are some +typical Chicago cases omitting names: + +Policeman ----, aged 60, suffering from chronic diabetes and a general +breakdown, which was about to compel his retirement from the force. +Operated on August 9. Left the hospital yesterday feeling like "a new +man." + +Alderman ----, aged 55, chronic asthma sufferer. Operated on April 26. +Asthma had disappeared by the time he left the hospital. Declared he +felt years younger and is now completely revivified. + +Mr. G----, newspaperman, aged 39. Suffered from complete nervous +breakdown from overwork. Operated on April 25. Resumed work almost +immediately, full of pep, and today is the picture of health. + +Judge ----, aged 58. Premature old age from hardening of the arteries. +Operated on April 28. Because of his wonderful improvement in health has +changed his mind about retiring from the bench. + ++Operation Painless.+ "Ignorance about the gland transplanting is almost +universal," I told Dr. Brinkley. "I know nothing of it. Tell me how it +is done, why you use goat-glands, all the whys and wherefores, so the +readers of +The American+ will have some authentic information. Is the +operation painful?" + +"No," Dr. Brinkley replied. "It is a simple incision with very little +actual pain. In practically all cases a local anesthetic is used. +A general anesthetic is used only in exceptional cases." + +"How long does the operation take?" + +"Fifteen to twenty minutes. It is as simple as grafting new shoots on a +fruit tree. No part of the human gland is removed. The goat-gland is +simply planted to take the place of the old gland." + +"And the hospital confinement?" + +"One week, to rest the patient and allow the gland to begin functioning +without undue exertion." + +"Any danger?" + +"None whatever. It's like grafting on a piece of skin. There is +absolutely no danger." + ++Eliminates Disorders.+ Lost youth is regained, according to Dr. +Brinkley, as a result of the revivifying fluid secreted by the +transplanted gland, leading to the elimination of organic disorders that +are hastening old age. + +Dr. Brinkley explained in detail: + +"I began my experiments nine years ago, and began using goat-glands +three years ago in the interstitial gland operation because the +goat-glands resemble to a large degree the human glands in their +histological make-up. The interstitial glands and the blood, of a goat, +are a very close approach in their constituents to those of a human +being. + +"Old people are simply broken down. The goat-gland secretes the fluid +that builds up the brokendown parts of the human body. Eyesight improves +50 per cent. If a man is underweight he will gain to normal, and if he +is overweight he will reduce to normal, showing that the goat glands +actually function." + ++Chronic Diseases Cured.+ "Chronic skin diseases are cleared up. Stomach +trouble disappears under the new gland's guardianship of the body. +I have the laboratory data, the scientific records, and the actual +revivified patients to prove it. The only unsuccessful cases are certain +people whose blood lacks necessary essentials, and they are few." + +Dr. Brinkley gives Dr. G. Frank Lydston of Chicago credit for performing +the first gland transplanting operations. + ++Lydston Is Pioneer.+ "Dr. Lydston is the pioneer," Dr. Brinkley said. +"He was the first man to transplant glands from a human to a human. +I have never transplanted anthropoid ape glands, as Dr. Voronoff of +Paris, and only in three cases human glands, as Dr. Lydston, and I was +not pleased with the results in those three cases. I was the first to +transplant goat glands. Dr. Serge Voronoff has performed the operation +on only two human beings. He failed to give Dr. Lydston credit, although +it is obvious he followed Dr. Lydston's book." + + * * * * + +This completes Mr. Lehrbas' interview. In the same paper, +The Chicago +Evening American+, a month later, date of September 15, appeared the +following account of another visit to Chancellor Tobias, written by +Edward M. Thierry: + +J. J. Tobias, chancellor of the Chicago Law School, told me it was none +of my business how old he is. He's got a goat-gland sewed into his +innards and I was trying to get some personal Ponce de Leon statistics. + +"I'm over 50," Tobias conceded. "How much I won't say. But I will say my +clock has been turned back from ten to twenty years! Just look at me!" + +He jumped out of his chair--er--friskily. That's the only expressive +word. Tobias is little, thin and wiry. His face wrinkles up and his +teeth flash when he smiles. He has grey hair and talks with quick +jerks--as if his energy is running a race with his tongue. + +"I'm rejuvenated," Tobias said. "Time will tell whether my goat-gland +will make me live longer. I had that operation on last March 26, and I'm +still living. I'm no decrepit old man, either." + +Tobias was operated on by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, who has caused a furor in +medical circles through his many successful goat-gland operations. + +Critics of Dr. Brinkley make Tobias tired. Get his goat, so to speak. He +says he knows what he's talking about, for he was formerly lecturer in a +Chicago medical college. + +"Seventy-five years ago my father had a little German machine," Tobias +said, "called the 'life waker.' It was a disk as big as a dollar with a +lot of needles in it. You jabbed it into the small of the back and waked +life that way. We can laugh at that archaic system, for it was crude. +Now we're more scientific. Witness the transplantation of goat-glands." + +Tobias said he went to see Dr. Brinkley at Milford, Kansas, to +investigate his goat-gland discovery because of long suffering from +congestion of the brain arteries. Doctors had told him he was in danger +of death because of severe attacks of vertigo and a high blood pressure. + +"The operation," Tobias said, "occupied about 20 minutes. Within three +hours after the operation the goat-gland began to function, the +congestion was relieved, and within three days the cause was eliminated. + +"I am a new man physically, with new mental vigor, and a new power of +sustained effort. I can distinctly sense the function of a new gland in +my body." + +It must have functioned muscularly, for when I left Tobias gave me a +knuckle-crushing grip which made it necessary to write this story with +my left hand. + + +These newspaper articles are printed here without change, in spite of +evident repetitions, because of their evidential value. It is an old +trick of the public press in the United States, and probably in Europe +also, to start a sensation with a blazing front page story, and in the +course of a few weeks follow it with a complete and sarcastic expose of +the whole matter as a baseless fabrication, piling facts on facts to +show that the first story was an ingenious piece of deception got up by +the subject with the purpose of making capital out of the credulity of +the public. There are no better detectives in the world than newspaper +men. They work for the love of it. An expose is dearer to the +detective-instinct in them than a laudatory article, and they leave no +stone unturned to get at the facts. When, therefore, after the lapse of +months, the newspapers of the United States repeat and confirm their +first stories about Dr. Brinkley's work it means something to one who +knows their methods of working. Money cannot buy this sort of publicity. +There must be facts, and facts of value, and facts verified again and +again, before stories of this kind appear and reappear in the great +organs of publicity in all the big cities of the United States. How far +they carry, and how wide-reaching is the interest, will be understood by +the statement that the announcement of Dr. Brinkley's work, printed +first in American newspapers, and copied in the English papers, has +brought him urgent requests to visit South Africa, Australia, Sweden, +Scotland, and many other countries. From England in particular come +requests from women that he do not fail to make a journey to some part +of Europe in the summer of 1921, in order that they may take the +operation with a view to bearing children. This he has arranged to do +about June of this year, expecting to find in England a climate during +the months of June, July and August, which will not be too hot to +prevent him from transplanting the goat-glands. He does not operate at +his hospital in Kansas during June, July and August, on account of the +heat, having found that when the outdoor temperature is high the glands +will certainly slough. The high temperature without seems to create a +high temperature for the patient, and the result is a wasted pair of +good goat glands, with loss of time and money to all concerned. In +England in the summer it should be necessary to wait a few days only for +right climatic conditions to present themselves, and be sure that they +will do so. There are the further matters of a supply of goats of the +right Toggenburg breed, a place to keep them, in close proximity to the +operating hospital, and the hospital itself, to be dealt with suitably +in the shortest possible space of time after arrival. The supply of +goats can probably be best procured direct from Switzerland through some +London importer, and the other matters will no doubt fall easily into +place. The goats must not come from a high altitude, or their glands +will not contain a right amount of iodine. This is curiously important. +Dr. Brinkley cannot use goats from Colorado for that reason. If the +doctor's reception in England is cordial he will probably make his visit +there an annual summer affair of three months' duration for some years +to come, which would give him an opportunity of keeping in continued +touch with his English and European patients. The English are a +practical people, and less sensitive than we to, or more careless of, +ridicule, and they are likely to grasp the importance of Dr. Brinkley's +work on the instant of his arrival, compelling a long visit. + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT + + +Writing with vivacity and humor, Mr. Clarence Day, Jr., speculates with +so much whimsicality upon the possible effects of surgical rejuvenation +of men that one might overlook the keenness of his observation in a +hurried perusal of his article. For the sake of preserving it for more +leisurely study, and because the points raised are really worthy of +attention, the article is reproduced here in full, with acknowledgments +to +The Literary Review+, in which it first appeared, of date November +20, 1920. Says Mr. Day: + +Biologists really seem to be discovering ways of making men young again. +So far, it is like making men drunk; the state that is produced does not +last. But it looks as though they might succeed in adding a chapter to +life. I wish it could be added to the other end: to youth instead of to +the last flickers. But if we can renew and re-live middle-age, that will +be better still. + +A man named Steinach, in Vienna, has been experimenting for ten years +with rats. Full accounts of his work were published last summer in the +great biological journal founded by Roux, and these were summarized and +discussed by the London +Athenaeum+, which is now the most interesting +of all English weeklies. It is from the +Athenaeum's+ account that I am +taking these facts. + +Steinach has been studying the interstitial cells that fill in the +spaces between the tubules of the testes, in males, and between the +follicles of the ovaries in females. His reason for choosing these cells +for his experiments is that they are a well-spring of life. Furthermore, +since all our vital functions are interrelated, to make these cells +active gives the whole organism new life and strength. This is not the +only way of stimulating the organism, but it seems the most powerful. + +An old rat is like a senile old man; he is bald and emaciated, his eyes +are clouded, his breathing is labored. He stays in one place, with bent +back, and has small interest in anything. If you cut one of his genital +ducts, however, which is a comparatively slight operation, it has the +effect of making the interstitial cells multiply actively. Waves of life +flood his being. Within a few weeks he is transformed. These currents +restore and rebuild him; skin, muscle and mind. Both in looks and +behavior he is indistinguishable from other strong rats. + +He has cast off old age. Senility, which sets in with men when they are +from sixty to eighty years old, begins after twenty to thirty months in +a rat. He is then about through. But when an operation is performed on a +senile rat he gets from six to eight months' new life. In other words, +the addition to his normal span is 20 to 30 per cent. That would be a +large fraction of life for a man to live over again. The rat lives it +vigorously, eagerly, back in his prime. + +When senility again comes upon him it is in a modified form. His +organism as a whole is in better shape. It is his mind now that tires. +As Steinach has already cut one or both of his genital ducts, that +method of stimulating his cells cannot, of course, be repeated. But +another operation is ready. Some unfortunate young male is deprived of +his testes by Steinach, and these are implanted forthwith in this hoary +old rat. + +A second spell of active life follows, not so long as the first. It ends +in acute psychic senility. The rat goes all to pieces. It is as if the +brain, twice restimulated to emotion, curiosity, keenness, had +approached the very limit of its running, and was completely exhausted. + +Steinach has not yet tried whether a third rejuvenation is possible. +That remains to be seen. He lives in Vienna, and everything there has +come to a stop. He has no assistants, no funds, with which to conduct +further experiments. "May happier lands or cities carry the work on," he +writes at the end. + +It seems as though some rich American ought to stake the old boy. + + * * * * + +Steinach has naturally found it more difficult to give new youth to +females. But here, too, he has in a measure succeeded. X-ray treatment +and ovarian transplantation are the methods employed. + +As to human experiments, there is a colleague of Steinach's named +Lichtenstern, who has operated on numerous men and women with apparent +success. There has not been time yet to measure how long their new lease +of life is to be; but they have regained the joy of life they had +lost--strength and powers of work. Still, all this needs confirming. + +In a rat it is the sexual impulses that are directly reanimated. He +again knows the fevers of courtship, the conflicts of marriage; and +whether he is glad to repeat these commotions depends on the rat. In +man, however, the sexual impulses are more or less sublimated, so that +the new energy may appear in any of the other forms of psychic activity. +Whatever such faculties he has in him once more grow strong. + + * * * * + +How wonderful it would be if we could at least prolong certain +lives--great writers like H. G. Wells and Conrad, great artists, great +doctors. But in practice, the men who would get hold of this would be +John D. Rockefeller and W. J. Bryan. The rich uncle would walk in and +tell his hopeless heirs he had been to see Steinach. Senators would live +forever. The world would grow harder for youth. + +Even were we able to control all this, and reserve the boon for the +best, would it work? Say we did choose the right men--is it not too +intimate a suggestion that we should set a man of science upon them, +prepared with a little knife to slice one of their genital ducts? Men +have fought all these years for the right to live. Have they no right to +die? Must an old man who is needed by the public be condemned to live +on, his aged cells stirred and restirred while we glean his brains bare? +Some Socrates of the future may yet envy that other his hemlock. + + * * * * + +This, we say it regretfully, is the end of Mr. Day's article. It is +admirable fooling. We will not pay his wit the poor compliment of taking +him seriously at the last and pointing out to him that it was Heine who +said, "Nobody loves life like an old man!" There will be no need of +insistence to urge the old men, useful or useless, to submit to an +operation to renew their youth. But it is to be hoped that they will +never be asked to submit to the cutting of the genital duct. It seems to +the writer that +The Athenaeum+ must have misconstrued Dr. Steinach's +experiments in some degree, inasmuch as it is difficult to conceive of +the operation of severing a genital duct as conducive to cell-formation. +However, probably ligating is meant instead of severing. But this is not +the point really brought out by Mr. Day's clever article. The real point +is, Is it likely that if Mr. John Jones takes Dr. Brinkley's goat-gland +operation for the renewal of his youth, and thereby adds thirty years to +his life, and at the end of this thirty years of friskiness undergoes a +second transplantation of glands, thereby gaining twenty years more, and +at the end of this twenty years takes the operation a third time, +securing a further lease of gaiety for ten years, will the final years +of Mr. John Jones be years of acute psychic senility, as observed by Dr. +Steinach in his rat? To the writer it seems a +non sequitur+. The cases +are not parallel. The rejuvenated rat appears to regard his acquired +vitality as impelling toward revelry and excess. It is necessary to +emphasize the point that the pith and marrow of Dr. Brinkley's discovery +is that since it is clearly shown that rejuvenation is accomplished by +the restoration of activity to the sex-glands, therefore the +preservation of this rejuvenation MUST depend upon the CONSERVATION of +the seminal fluids, and cannot depend upon any other single factor +whatever. It has been already explained that Dr. Brinkley puts it out of +the power of the rejuvenated man to destroy the good that has come into +his life, and protects him against the danger of yielding too freely to +passionate impulse, by preventing the escape of the rejuvenating agent. +The means of nourishing the body and brain being therefore insured as to +supply, it is not reasonable to suppose that the nerve-cells of the +rejuvenated man can fail to receive their proper nourishment for many +succeeding years, and, passing by the rat as a fallacious parallel, we +cannot see any good reason why the human body and brain, either under +the guidance of self-control, or surgically safeguarded against the +waste of excess, should not function at their best for fifty years of +added life, with very possibly another fifty added to that. The real +crux of the matter is the resistive quality of tissue, which is +approximately 200 years for such organs as kidneys and heart, and, say, +150 for nerve-substance. + +[Illustration: THE OPERATING ROOM AT THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL] + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL + + +The writer, approaching the age of 54, and finding himself in +first-class physical and mental condition, except for a high blood +pressure, which was certainly the prelude to a later arterio-sclerosis, +decided that he would be doing himself a service, and put himself in a +better position to write with some authority upon the effects of the +goat-glands, if he took the operation. + +On Saturday, April 16. 1921, Dr. Brinkley operated on him at the +hospital, Milford, Kansas, transplanting the glands of a three-weeks old +male goat. He remained in bed Saturday and Sunday, got up and went for +an auto drive on Monday, and passed an uneventful week at the hospital, +returning to Chicago on Saturday. He experienced a marked increase in +mental energy, which might have shown itself also as increased physical +energy if it had been put to the test. This feeling of added pep, snap, +energy, or what you please to call it, could be psychological in its +origin if it were not for the fact that it is continuous, with no +set-backs. Every student of psychology is aware that auto-suggestion has +the power to bring out latent energy, raise the drooping spirits, and +generate a feeling of well-being. But the student, if he is a reasonably +close observer, is also aware that these improved states of feeling have +an annoying habit of being offset by corresponding periods of +depression, and though he may persist in his effort to lift himself out +of the black moods with such success that he finally arrives at a higher +tone-level mentally, with a corresponding physical improvement, there is +indubitably a strong sense of effort needed for this good result. When, +therefore, the writer finds himself working long hours day after day +with no sense of mental fatigue, but a certain unusual gaiety of heart +accompanying the successive days, as if life were on the whole rather a +lark, he, being accurately introspective, and not easily deceived into +optimistic conclusions, is forced to give the whole credit for this +change of spirit to the functioning of the new glands, and he is +confirmed in this conclusion by the fact that the high blood pressure, +which was noticeable enough before the operation, cannot now, ten days +after the operation, be detected by him at all. Ten days is all too +short a time in which to write of details in a matter of this +importance. He expects to be able to confirm improvement in eyesight by +the middle of May, and will be in a position to speak at greater length +on the matter after the summer has passed. The intent of this chapter is +to give a brief account of something he saw at Dr. Brinkley's hospital +during the week of his treatment. + +Two weeks before his arrival a man suffering from locomotor ataxia had +been carried in, unable to help himself at all. When the writer saw this +man and talked with him he was up and dressed and walking about, without +a cane, and he left for home after a total stay of something less than +three weeks. In parting from him the doctor said, "You are on the +high-road to complete recovery. I expect to hear that you are getting +stronger every day. Practice in walking will bring back to you the old +confidence and banish the helpless feeling that you are sure to fall. +You see that you can control the motions of your feet and legs now as +you could not before. Sensation has returned to the soles of your feet, +and you can now turn yourself over in bed, which you could not do before +without assistance. This means that the brain, spinal cord, muscles and +will are co-ordinating again. This means that the goat-glands are +actively working, dissolving scar-tissue, and bringing you back to +health. But it is asking a good deal of a pair of goat-glands to do as +much as they must do in your case to bring about complete recovery. +I would rather give them some extra assistance. If you will come back to +me, therefore, next Fall, to this hospital, I will put two new +goat-glands into you; and I believe that with this extra help you will +go right through to a complete cure without any trouble. The operation +will not cost you a cent. I am anxious only to complete the good work. +I may be wrong at that, and it is possible that the glands you have now +will be enough to do the work, but if they do not, come back here for +two more next Fall. Don't forget." + +This man had been everywhere for relief, and had taken every treatment +known for his disease, with no results whatever, as he told the writer. +"This is the first time for twelve years," he said, "that I have had any +feeling in my feet. I am surely going to get well at last." + +In another case of the same disease the patient, when he came to the +hospital, was taking morphine daily to relieve the lightning-pains. He +could not stand upright with his eyes shut without falling, and if +spoken to suddenly was likely to lose his balance and fall. He had not +walked without a cane for several years. Twenty-four hours after the +goat-gland operation he said that the pains had left him, and +voluntarily stopped the morphine. In two weeks he was walking five miles +before breakfast, without a cane to help him. He left the hospital a +cured man. There has never been a case of true locomotor ataxia cured by +any means whatever, in the history of man, until this Kansas surgeon, +Dr. Brinkley, found the cure for it in this transplantation of +goat-glands. Ataxia is an after-math of syphilis, in ninety-nine cases +out of a hundred, and it is a question, which no layman can solve, +whether the cause of the ataxia is in the disease, or in the mercurial +treatment used to combat the disease. Another age, following this, may +decide that the disease, syphilis, is less destructive of human tissue +than the cure, Mercury. However that may be, the fact remains that +goat-glands will cure Locomotor Ataxia, and they are apparently the only +means of cure hitherto discovered. + +The writer talked with some of the townspeople of Milford regarding Dr. +Brinkley's work. Their attitude was detached, but on the whole +affirmative. They could not, as they put it, doubt their own eyesight, +implying that they would do so if they could. They had seen case after +case carried into the hospital, and they had seen those same people walk +out and go their way to their homes. It was queer, they said, and wagged +a critical head. So true is it in all parts of the earth that a prophet +hath honor save in his own country! Here and there, however, the writer +found a townsman who had nothing but words of praise and admiration for +Dr. Brinkley's work. These always proved to be people who had had some +relative under Dr. Brinkley's care at the hospital, and they were +intelligent men who could give their reasons for their conclusions. They +were proud of the lustre which Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland work was +shedding upon the name of their village. Most of the townspeople, +however, seemed to think that Dr. Brinkley should be proud of the town. +Their engaging surliness of demeanor with regard to the miracles being +performed in their village was a fascinating study to a city man, who +saw here at its best the typical small-town attitude towards the big +local thing. It is not peculiar to Milford. It is universal. It is as +true in England and France and Belgium and Germany as in any little town +in the United States. What do you suppose the country villagers thought +of Fabre, the great French naturalist, probably to be hailed by the next +generation as the greatest figure since Darwin? Without doubt they +thought him mad, and if kindly, pitied him, or if savage, despised him. +Meanwhile it is quite certain that the work of Dr. Brinkley has put the +town of Milford, Kansas, on the map, and, if you do not find it on the +railroad map you may some day consult, it will help a little to say here +that you go from Kansas City, Missouri, by the Union Pacific Railroad to +Junction City, Kansas, and from that point change to a little branch +line which carries you to Milford. The depot at Milford is about a mile +from the village itself. You will find an auto at the depot which will +carry you to the hospital, where you will be met by Dr. or Mrs. +Brinkley, or Miss Lewis, the Head Nurse, and where you will be very +comfortable if you decide to make a stay of a week or so for personal +reasons. The food is good, and the Kansas air fresh and bracing and +plentiful. Winds are indeed common, but the village is safely out of the +track of the Kansas cyclones, and the storm cellar is unknown. The +hospital is spotlessly clean and a marvel of completeness in equipment. +The preparations for the gland transplantation are simple but thorough; +a test of spermatic fluid, a blood test, a test for blood pressure, +a blood count, and a purgative the night before the operation, with no +breakfast on the morning of the operation. You will eat a good lunch in +bed, however, on that day, and miss no meals afterwards. Briefly, the +writer can say honestly that the pain of the operation is no more than +the twinge of a toothache. + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +SUMMARY + + +Dr. Brinkley's employment of the goat-glands for the past three years of +continuous operating, therefore, has proved to his satisfaction and to +that of his patients that the testes in men and the ovaries in women +furnish a secretion which has the property of a revivifying fluid when +restored to the system by the currents of blood and lymph. In that +commonly fatal condition of the arteries which follows rapidly upon the +state of blood pressure known as hardening of the arteries, or +arterio-sclerosis, a practically incurable condition hitherto, the +results obtained by the goat-gland transplantation are miraculously +swift. When the arteries are, as the doctor puts it, "as hard as +pipe-stems," they grow in a few weeks, sometimes in a week, soft and +pliable. The change, according to Dr. Brinkley, is brought about in the +walls of the arteries themselves, and is not a process of dissolving the +accumulations or deposits of calcareous material within the arteries. +The change is in the material of the walls of the arteries, producing a +return of the condition of elasticity, permitting expansion and +contraction as in youth. + +It is a favorite theory with some modern writers that the physical +change from youth to age is accompanied in the body, and in a sense +caused by, the deterioration in the quality of the cells of the body, +and they call this change a breaking-down process by which the finer and +more highly differentiated cells, such, for example, as the nerve-cells, +and others which have high and complicated duties to perform, are +displaced by cells of an inferior type, which they name conjunctive +cells, much as the common sparrow drives away the songbirds from the +home garden and, usurping the place of the songbird, substitutes a +wretched twitter for the golden notes of the warblers which once +delighted our ears. The common cells, also, on usurping the place of the +nobler cells, are unable to perform the difficult duties of the latter, +and the result upon human organism is disorder, decay, disease, etc., +contributing to, if not causing, the condition of old age. This is an +ingenious but not convincing theory. Our knowledge of histological +processes is too incomplete at this stage to permit its acceptance as +fact. It assumes too much to be known which is quite unknown. Moreover, +it refutes itself upon examination in this particular, and in several +others, that if it were true that these inferior cells are on the +lookout to invade instantly any part of the human organism in which +there was a breaking down of nerve-tissue, for example, then it would be +impossible to build new nerve-tissue to take the place of that which was +destroyed, because its place, according to this theory, has been already +taken by an intruder who cannot be dislodged. But new nerve-cells are +constantly being rebuilt, and constantly being put to use in the +organism. If this theory were true, then a brain in middle age would be +unable to function because of the impossibility of renewing its cells. + +A much more reasonable and probably true explanation of the cause of old +age is the gradual disappearance of animal matter in the bones and +tissues, and the corresponding increase of the mineral matter in the +bones and tissues, amounting to ossification of cartilage, whereby the +supple cartilage, losing its animal content, becomes practically bone by +deposit of lime particles. This would also account in a common-sense +manner for the fragility of the bones of the aged, the brittleness being +due to calcareous deposits in the substance of the bone itself, in +excess of the normal mineral contents of the bones in youth. The +function of the seminal fluids, therefore, appears to be to restore to +the aging tissues this property, this animal matter, which when in its +right ratio and proportion in the cells of the organism produces the +condition of youth. The action of these seminal fluids, therefore, seems +to be two-fold, a dissolving and a nourishing. The distinction should be +clearly made that the action is NOT merely stimulating. The stimulation +of a nerve-cell is a temporary excitement. We speak of the stimulation +of alcohol, and this illustration gives a clearer view of the difference +between the nourishing action of the seminal fluids and a stimulating +action than we could obtain by the employment of many words. It is +interesting to remember that while it is possible to increase the +mineral particles of soda, potash, lime, iron, silica and magnesia in +the blood and lymph, it is practically impossible for us to increase the +animal contents of the cells by any method of medication or dieting +known to us. Only Life can produce this change in the cells, and only +this method of gland-transplantation has furnished a means of impressing +Life into service to work for us in this matter. To produce the effects +which are needed to rejuvenate a body that has increased its mineral +matter at the expense of its animal matter we require the co-operation +of glands made active, because only the glands, in the marvelous +chemistry of the body, are able to compound the animal substances +required to nourish the cells, tissues and organs of the body, and to +dissolve and remove those injurious substances of a mineral nature which +have accumulated in excess in cells and tissues, usurping the place of +the animal matter in the cells because of the inactivity of function +generally, and the poor elimination of waste matter, as the years pass. +This is the re-creative and rejuvenating work of the gland secretions. +It is beyond us to say exactly what these secretions consist of. We know +the importance of their presence in blood and lymph only by the +disasters that follow their absence. The thyroid gland and parathyroids, +for instance, seem to be connected by some close sympathy with the +activity or non-activity of the interstitial glands, and the atrophy of +one is often accompanied by the atrophy of the other. The subject is +still hidden in darkness to the extent of insufficient knowledge on our +part of the exact constituents of the active agents in the secretions of +the testes, thyroids, suprarenals, pituitary and other glands. Time and +further opportunity for experiment are needed to show to what extent the +goat-gland transplantation can be used to remedy goitre, epilepsy and +the graver lesions of paralysis. The use of the goat-glands is too +recent to admit of anything but speculation on these points. There would +seem to be no good reason to doubt that if the male organs of a young +goat do rejuvenate the atrophied testes of a man, which Dr. Brinkley has +abundantly proved they do, the thyroid gland of a young goat might be +expected to restore the atrophied thyroid of a human being. This again +is only conjecture, Dr. Brinkley's work up to the present having been +confined to the transplantation of testes and ovaries. But he expects to +find time during the present year to satisfy himself of the results of +such important experimental work as is here indicated. It is possible +that his visit to Europe this summer may be the means of enlarging his +field considerably, although it would appear that if he had six pairs of +hands and could keep all employed in continuous service he could +scarcely cope with the demands upon his time which any and all countries +of the earth may be expected to make when his work is known. In ten +years, no doubt, gland-transplantation, particularly goat-gland +transplantation, for the renewal of youth in man and woman will be so +usual as to occasion neither wonder nor hilarity. But we are not living +ten years from now, but at this present moment, and Dr. Brinkley's +operation to-day is a marvel, a wonder and a joy. There is a +satisfaction in being in the van. It is fine to be the first to do a big +thing, especially if that big thing is something of the most practical +value to humanity. Mankind has always crowned its great generals, its +great destroyers of life. Here is a man who comes forward to preserve +life. That is his mission, if you like. Certainly it is his life work. +It is a noble work. The question in the writer's mind is, What will they +do to him? How will they take him in England? Will they applaud, or +crucify, or neglect? Probably they will show him something of the +generous hospitality of England, and leaven this with a plentiful +sprinkling of ridicule, because the subject of the goat lends itself to +humor of the obvious kind. But it is our belief that the hard, practical +common sense of the Anglo-Saxon will lead them to make the utmost use of +this opportunity of his visit, and, having got him, it is to be expected +that they will know enough to keep him. This is quite as much their +opportunity as his. While they sharpen their wit upon the sacrificial +goat and make merry, they are pretty sure to make full use of his +knowledge and skill while they have him with them, and might make things +so pleasant for him that he might say, when the summer is over and he +looks back upon the white cliffs of Dover, returning to his own country, +"This is a good land. I have enjoyed the trip. I like the people. I will +return next summer, and for many summers thereafter." + + + + +CHAPTER X + +THE SPARK OF LIFE + + +By J. R. Brinkley, M.D., C.M., Ph.D., Sc.D.+ + + Chief Surgeon, Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training School + for Nurses, Milford, Kansas + + + (Written October, 1920) + +For many years scientists have believed that a part, or all of the +glands of the human body influenced longevity. They believed our glands +contained the "life spark." Men for hundreds of years have been seeking +the "fountain of youth." Ponce de Leon when he landed in Florida and saw +the beautiful springs and flowers thought he had found it, and so +announced to the world. Long ago we learned that the pituitary gland +influenced growth and development. For instance if the pituitary gland +over-functioned we had Giantism. If it under-functioned the opposite was +the result--a dwarf. If the thyroid gland was at fault we would have +either the low mentality commonly spoken of as cretinism, or myxedema. +We found that by feeding children the fresh gland substance a marked +improvement would be obtained and sometimes a cure. Some years ago there +was a surgical craze which called for the removal of the women's +ovaries. It was thought that many nervous troubles, including epilepsy, +etc., were due to diseased ovaries, so the surgeons removed ovaries just +about as promiscuously as tonsils and teeth are now taken out. After a +while they found a woman without ovaries was about ruined, so something +had to be done, and ovarian extracts and substances were fed to the +unfortunates. Good results were obtained so long as the feeding process +kept up, but if the feeding was stopped, the miserable symptoms +returned. One factor was always in evidence, that a woman who had no +ovaries never menstruated again. Premature change of life (menopause) +resulted. Ageing took place early. A loss of interest in the pleasant +things of life existed. As a wife or companion for the home the woman +was worse than useless. Her life was so miserable that all who came in +contact with her were made miserable, also. She was unsexed, and one of +the "sparks of life" had been taken away. She assumed characteristics of +the male. If the testes of a man are removed he will assume the +characteristics of a woman. Many changes will take place. His mind is no +longer clear, he tires easily, cannot concentrate upon any subject, and +has marked loss of memory and of physical well being. The things that +once appealed to him are now undesirable. The opposite sex are repulsive +and he shuns their society. A man or woman who suffers the premature +loss of their glands of regeneration will become more or less defective +mentally and their life will be materially shortened. + +At one time a favorite expression was, "A man is as old as his +arteries." We know better than this now. A man is just as old as he +feels, when said feeling is directed to his sex organs. The first sign +of old age is impotency, and more men are reaching a premature impotency +than ever before in the history of the world. Their glands are burning +up, as it were. After impotency is well on its way arterio-sclerosis or +hardening of the arteries is noticed, then the mental inefficiency, as +well as physical weakness. Right on the heels of impotency comes +prostatitis. I was taught in medical school that nearly all men suffered +from an enlarged prostate and prostatitis: that it was one of the +diseases of "old age"; that we were heir to it and might expect it to +show up after the age of 45. I was also taught that arterio-sclerosis +was another disease of old age, and all men were heir to it. However, we +are beginning to awaken to a few things. We are approaching the dawn of +a new day. We are beginning to understand the whys and wherefores. While +I have been criticized and called everything under the sun, except an +angel, I expected as much, and I am ready to face the world with my +facts; not theories. I have a long and hard fight before me yet. + +[Illustration: THE TOGGENBURG GOATS] + +The cures that I have effected by gland transplantation up to the +present time are enough to justify me for all of my work and efforts +along this new line of science. Should I never operate again, I feel +justly repaid and know that I have started something that will go on and +on and live forever. Gland transplantation for the cure of disease +within the next ten years will be as common as the removal of a diseased +appendix is now. You can hardly pick up a daily paper without reading an +account of some surgeon performing a wonderful operation of +transplanting bone or tissue from some animal to replace that which was +diseased in the human. Why not borrow what we need from the animal? We +use their flesh for food. We also use their gland substances in the +fresh or dried form to supply our bodies with whatever we may not +possess. + +My first efforts in gland transplantation were directed towards the cure +of sterility. A man came to me who had been impotent for sixteen years. +Every known means had been used in his case. My experiments in the use +of glands from animal to animal, led me to believe that if the gland +from a goat could be transplanted into the human body this impotency and +sterility could be overcome. This man was willing to try anything as he +was 46 and his wife was 42. They were very anxious for a male child. +Twelve months after the transplantation I delivered his wife of a +10-pound baby boy, who is alive and well today. In appreciation of what +the goat glands had done for them they named the baby "Billy." He lives +within four miles of me now. This first case being a wonderful success +encouraged me to experiment with humans on a larger scale. Willing +subjects were not easy to obtain. After obtaining, it was difficult to +operate. The operation or experiment could not be performed in any of +the general hospitals. Ethics as well as country and little town gossip +forbid such work. It was necessary for me to build a hospital of my own +so that my experiments could be carried on without the public or +profession knowing anything about them. If good results were obtained I +could announce to the world; if none were obtained the matter could be +dropped. After four male children had been born, due directly to gland +transplantation, the news leaked out, and has swept the world like +wildfire. While I was transplanting glands for sterility, other +beneficial effects were noted by me as well as my patients. Now, since I +have transplanted glands into more than 600 men and women it is an easy +matter to give some comprehensive statistics. A complete record is kept +of each case and follow-up letters are used so that we are in a pretty +fair way to estimate just what we are doing. Five cases of insanity have +been cured to date. The great difficulty in obtaining insane people for +operation is, they are confined in a state institution, and the +authorities will not permit their removal, especially when their loved +ones tell the "higher ups" they wish Dr. Brinkley, "the gland man," to +transplant goat glands. "Oh, no, it's all rot and will never do!" +However, we have operated upon five cases and have cured five cases. +After awhile we will break down this great wall of prejudice, and insane +people will be ordered out for this operation. At present when habeas +corpus proceedings are all that will obtain the release, and gland +transplantation is the object, not much of a chance exists. I am going +to mention one of our very interesting cases, as the man lives only +about 15 or 20 miles from me in Dickinson County, Kansas. His name is +Lon Jones, and his case is known far and wide within the state of +Kansas. My writing about Mr. Jones will not be the betrayal of a +professional secret. He is anxious for the world to know about it. Some +six weeks or two months before I was called to see him he was stricken +suddenly, insane. He had mounted his horse and was driving his cattle +home for the night when it was noticed by others that he acted "queer." +He began to whip and fight his steed as well as the cattle unmercifully. +He dismounted or fell off his horse and at first was thought +unconscious. A physician was called, another, and another, and his case +was diagnosed as Dementia Praecox. Violent in character. He wanted to +kill his doctor, or commit some rash act. One of the first acts was to +try and give away all of his land and stock as well as corn and feed. + +It was unsafe for his wife and children to be near him. Men remained +with him, day and night. Finally his guards had to tie him in bed. His +arms and feet were securely fastened, as well as his body, to a heavy +iron bed. Application for his entry into the state institution had been +made when I was called. With the assistance of neighbor men he was +conducted into my hospital here. Immediate gland transplantation was +performed, and three days after said operation he asked me to remove his +irons so that he could rest comfortably. He informed me that he was in +his right mind and we need have no further fear of him. Soon afterwards +he was permitted to roam around the building and over town. He went home +more than a year ago and is transacting his business as a sane man +should. No evidence of his former trouble has occurred. He did not know +until the day that we discharged him what my line of treatment had been. +Another notable case was that of a man who had spent 11 years of his +life in three state institutions for the insane in New York. He left +here entirely cured and is now holding an important position in New York +City. Another case was that of a young man who became insane suddenly. +His first act was to try and murder his father and mother, his greatest +bitterness being directed towards his mother. He attempted to kill me +when I approached him, and it was necessary to open a bottle of +chloroform and stand at a safe distance and throw the anesthetic in his +face and eyes. Less than a week after the operation he was in his right +mind, and has been so since. Another case of a young man who became +insane and was violent. He secured a number of rifles and shotguns and +barricaded himself in a corn field. When he learned I had been sent for +he was worse than ever, and if it had not been for his mother I would +have been killed. I operated upon him immediately, and for one week +after the operation I could not visit him. However, he soon was in his +right mind, and when it was told to him what he had done he went to +Indianapolis, Ind., and secured a position. His shame was so great that +he could not remain where he was known. After two years he returned home +and resumed work where he had left off. The fifth case was just as +interesting as the above. + +I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is almost +impossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia. When a man writes me +he also asks his family physician, who very quickly informs him "there +is nothing to it; it's all bunk!" + +My cases have ranged in age from 18 to 75 years. My patients that are +from 60 to 75 years of age write me they feel as they did when they were +boys 18 years of age. I have transplanted glands for almost every +conceivable disease and have received splendid results in almost every +case. All cannot be cured, but all of them can be greatly benefited. At +this writing I have with me as a patient a noted United States Senator +from Washington, D.C. He has been treated by Dr. Cary T. Grayson, the +president's personal physician, as well as taking 3 years of treatment +at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is depressed and discouraged. He speaks of +suicide. He has been operated on only two days and I venture to say that +before his week is passed he will be a different man. + +My greatest number of men come for impotency, next for prostatitis, and +many for a general improvement in health. Many come with but one +purpose--to prolong their lives. I believe that those who receive gland +transplantation will live much longer than without it. Possibly as much +as from 10 to 25 years can be added. Then successive transplants can be +made, and we have no idea how long they will live. Their skin takes on +the appearance of youth. I know that after the ovaries have been +transplanted into women who have none their menses return on a 4-day +period regularly. Women who had passed the menopause have a return flow. +Hardening of the arteries as well as high blood pressure are returned to +normal in 100 per cent of the cases. Eyesight is improved from 50 to 100 +per cent. A well-known judge was operated upon by me a short time ago, +and his eyesight was so much improved that he could no longer wear +glasses of any kind. Men who had not heard for 16 years write me that +since gland transplantation they can hear the tick of a watch. In women +a development of the bust is noted and the wrinkles disappear from their +cheeks. Chronic constipation is cured as well as old chronic skin +diseases, such as psoriasis, eczema, etc. + +With the best will in the world I am unable to describe on paper just +how my fellow practitioners should perform this operation, because I +never meet with precisely similar conditions in any two cases. I can say +positively that I do not know just what I shall do until the case itself +is under my hands in the operating room. The operation is simple in +itself, but in my early days of operating I made a number of mistakes +because I was on new ground, and there was no authority from whom I +could learn the technique. Now, after my six hundred operations have +taught me what to do and how to do I am able to avoid these earlier +mistakes, and as a consequence I hardly ever have an operation that is +not a success. Not very many months ago I was called to San Francisco to +re-operate on a number of cases which had gone wrong in the hands of a +fellow practitioner. I re-operated on these cases successfully. The +surgeon who had performed the operation in the first place is skilful +and experienced in all lines of surgical work, but in this particular +line of transplanting of goat-glands into human bodies in such wise that +the tissue of the goat will blend with and nourish the human tissue no +living man except myself has had the necessary experience to teach him +through his successes and failures, what to do and how to do it. Nor +should I be successful if today, in spite of all the work I have done +with the Goat-Glands, I should relinguish the goat-gland in favor of the +human-gland or the monkey-gland. Results have taught me that I made a +wise choice in pinning my faith to the young goat as the healthiest +possible animal from which tissue could be used for transplanting into +human bodies. The goat is immune to practically all diseases. The human +being and the monkey, on the other hand, are liable to tuberculous or +some tropical disease. For his splendid work with human glands I give +full credit to Dr. Frank Lydston of Chicago, who was not only the +pioneer in this use of human glands, but actually made his first +transplantation upon himself. This is but another instance of that fine +confidence in our beliefs and convictions which is typical of the +medical profession as a whole. In the use of the human-gland Dr. Lydston +is as supreme as I am in the use of the goat-gland, and you must +understand that in saying this I am not throwing bouquets at myself in +idle vanity. I have a clear cold reason for saying this. I have devoted +my life to this particular work, and have brought it to a point where I +can speak with authority upon it. I foresee that because of the +marvelous results obtained by the transplanting of the goat-glands at my +hospital there will be a great awakening of interest in this operation +on the part of the public and the medical profession. A great many +operations of a similar character will be performed not alone in this +country, but all over the world. A great many of these operations will +be unsuccessful because the experience of the operator will not have +taught him what to do under certain unusual conditions, or rather, what +to do under any and all conditions. In the face of an unsuccessful +operation this work will be blamed, and the theory upon which I work, +namely, that the sex-energy is the basis of all human energy, physical +and mental, will be given a setback, and scouted as untrue. But I am +constantly proving its truth by the results I get, and find its +confirmation in the effect of successful goat-gland transplantation in +both men and women. Therefore I am urgent in saying that the work must +be rightly done in the first place to obtain right results. + +Briefly, the operation for men means that the glands of a three weeks' +old male goat are laid upon the non-functioning glands of a man, within +twenty minutes of the time they are removed from the goat. In some cases +I open the human gland and lay the tissue of the goat within the human +gland. The scrotum of the man is opened by incision on both sides under +local anesthetic. Conditions of the case may show that there are +adhesions of tissue which must also be broken down before the new gland +can function. I find that after being properly connected these +goat-glands do actually feed, grow into, and become absorbed by the +human glands, and the man is renewed in his physical and mental vigor. + +The operation upon women means that the ovaries of a female goat not +more than twelve months of age are removed and inserted into the woman. +If the woman's organs are sound and merely inert and atrophied, the new +ovary will find its way to its proper position and begin the work of +restoring the arrested functions, so that the act of menstruation, for +example, which has ceased because of the atrophic condition of the +woman's ovaries, begins again and continues on a normal twenty-eight day +period. The effect of the new glands upon women is even more noticeable, +if such a thing were possible, than upon men, since in their case the +rejuvenation is more striking in the changed appearance. But though I +claim much, and with good reason, for this operation, I warn against +undue expectations. In many cases I advise against the operation as a +sure waste of time and money. In many cases I explain that the results +will be experimental only, there being nothing in my experience to +warrant assurance of success. For instance, in blindness and deafness I +have no faith that this operation will remove the disease in spite of +the fact that in almost every case operated upon there is great +improvement in the sight and hearing. But I have no certain knowledge +why this improvement followed. It partakes, therefore, of the nature of +an accident. In the case of very fat people the operation trims them +down to normal weight. Very thin people are built up to normal weight by +it. Barren women and impotent men become mothers and fathers. But in no +case do I permit a grandfather or grandmother to entertain the hope that +they may be rejuvenated to such an extent that they can procreate again +if they wish. This is mere romance, with which I have nothing to do. Nor +do I advise a young woman of forty who has not reached the menopause +stage to take the operation if she is in good health, in spite of her +belief that the goat-glands will enable her to remain indefinitely +young. This is experimental work, and is not in the same class as the +case of the same woman who has just passed through her menopause and +ceased to menstruate. By all means I advise the latter to take the +operation because I feel that it will rejuvenate her. If a woman has had +both ovaries removed by surgical operation, will this operation grow new +ovaries for her, and enable her to become a mother? At this stage of my +knowledge my answer is, "Certainly not." If a man has lost both glands +by surgical removal will this operation grow new glands for him? Nine +times out of ten, "No." The tenth time, "Yes." I do not know why. + +I can use only a certain breed of goat, a Swiss milk goat, and only +animals of a certain youth. My goats cost me about $75 each on an +average, and that is one reason why it would be impossible to conduct +this work as a free surgical clinic might be conducted, unless the +undertaking were specially endowed with funds to meet the expense. + +Some time in the month of June I expect to make a trip to London, +England, and will be away possibly until the end of August. Even the +month of May in Kansas is sometimes too hot for this operation to be +successfully performed, and I make it a rule to suspend operations +entirely throughout June, July and August. Experience has taught me that +when the outdoor temperature is high the operation will almost certainly +be unsuccessful, and on account of the cost involved, as well as for the +saving of time and trouble for the patient, it is in the highest degree +unwise to go contrary to this rule. If the glands are transplanted +during very hot weather they will almost certainly slough, which means +re-operating later. + +In many cases that are brought to me I do not operate or even advise +that the goat-glands be transplanted later. I cannot go into details of +such cases in these pages, but might cite the case of a man, syphilitic, +who was sent to me. Certainly I have never made the statement anywhere, +at any time, that this operation would cure syhpilis. The man is being +treated now for syphilis, and should not have been sent to me at all. + +I quote the case of a woman of forty, who is normal in every way, and +the picture of health at the present time. Her desire is that she may +never grow to look any older than she does at this moment, and she asks +me if this gland-operation will hold her at the point she has now +reached. Frankly, this is pure experiment. I do not know. After another +ten years of work in this gland-surgery I might be able to give her a +definite opinion, but not at this stage, seeing that my oldest cases go +back only three years. On one point only I can speak with positiveness, +namely, if I cannot answer this question there is no man living who can +answer it, because I am the only man alive who can give an opinion on +this work that is founded on first-hand knowledge. We learn in this work +only by experience, and we draw just conclusions only from +quantity+ of +experience. No other man alive has had this experience in sufficient +quantity to justify him in forming a conclusion derived from his facts. +This is my answer not only to those who listen to encouraging advice +regarding the effects of this operation tendered by surgeons who are +embarking in this goat-gland operation, but also to those general +practitioners who inform patients asking their opinion in the matter +that the operation is useless because the glands are certain to slough, +I hold that they are not qualified to speak on the subject because they +have no knowledge. I have the most positive knowledge that when the +operation is rightly performed the glands do NOT slough, and my +knowledge is founded upon the hard facts of much experience. In another +ten years I shall know more than I know today because I shall have added +to my facts, and among those facts there may be some which confirm the +hope of the woman of forty alluded to above that this gland +transplantation may hold the condition of youth steady as something +static, which will not be suffered to pass. At present I do not know, +and if I offer an opinion it is to be understood that it is only a +guess. My guess, then, would be that in this case the operation would be +a waste, producing no effect whatever, neither adding to nor detracting +from the condition of health and normal function which is present today. + + + + + * * * * * + * * * * + +The One Best Way Series of New Thought Books. Each 96 pages and cover, +green silk cloth bound, printed on heavy egg-shell paper, size 5x7. +Written by Sydney B. Flower. Price each, $1 postpaid to any part of the +world; four shillings and twopence in Great Britain. + +No. I. Will-Power, Personal Magnetism, Memory-Training and Success +(illustrated). + +No. II. The Biochemistry of Schuessler. + +No. III. The New Thought System of Physical Culture and Beauty Culture +(illustrated). + +No. IV. The New Thought System of Dietetics. + +No. V. The Goat-Gland Transplantation, originated by Dr. J. R. Brinkley +of Milford, Kas., U.S.A. + +Address New Thought Book Department, 722-732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., +U.S.A. + +NOTE--The Chicago New Thought office closes from March 31st to September +1st, each year. + + * * * * * + * * * * + + +VOLUME II OF NEW THOUGHT + +Beginning October, 1921, ending March, 1922, comprising six numbers, +each 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. Flower, will be +issued monthly at a markedly REDUCED SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, namely, Single +Copies in the U.S.A. and Possessions, 10 cents a copy; 50 cents a year +of six numbers; Canada and Foreign, 12 cents a copy; 60 cents a year. +Great Britain, sixpence a copy; 2/6 a year. + +Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September +1st, each year. + +Volume II of NEW THOUGHT will maintain the high level attained in Volume +I. The same contributors. Dr. Brinkley, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, William +Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta Jean Rowell, Nate +Collier, Charles H. Ingersoll, Athene Rondell, Charles Edmund DeLand and +others will continue their valuable series throughout the year. + +The cartoons of Nate Collier and the articles of Arthur Brisbane will +continue as special features. + +Many new writers will be added. + +The editor will contribute a series of six articles upon the effects of +Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland Transplantation, speaking from first-hand +knowledge and inviting question, comment and discussion. + + SPECIAL THREE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION OR + ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO THREE + DIFFERENT ADDRESSES + +We make a special rate for three year subscriptions in the U.S.A. and +possessions of $1 for Volume II, October, 1921, to March, 1922, +inclusive, or one year subscription to three different addresses at the +same rate, $1; Canada and Foreign, $1.50; Great Britain, six shillings. +We invite you to take fullest advantage of this attractive offer. + +Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. + + +VOLUME I OF NEW THOUGHT + +A monthly magazine, 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. +Flower, comprising 196 pages of reading matter in seven issues, viz., +Oct., Nov., Dec, 1920, and Jan., Feb., March, April-May, 1921. + +Price, bound in cloth, $2.50, or Ten Shillings, postpaid to any part of +the world. + +Volume I of NEW THOUGHT contains: Seven articles written by J. R. +Brinkley, M.D., on his wonderful goat-gland transplantation work; +a series of articles on New Thought by such famous writers as Ella +Wheeler Wilcox, William Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta +Jean Rowell, Veni Cooper-Mathieson, of Australia, and Nate Collier of +New York; a series of articles on Astrology by Athene Rondell; a series +of articles on Spirit-Phenomena by Charles Edmund DeLand; and begins a +series by Charles H. Ingersoll on the Single Tax. The volume includes +five regular monthly cartoons by Nate Collier; with special articles by +Arthur Brisbane, most highly paid writer in the United States, stating +the case against spiritualism; and a number of special articles by the +editor and others on Health, Psychology, etc. + +The brightest and most vital and most fascinating magazine published. +Volume I is to be had only in its bound form, and the number of copies +is limited. No plates were made and the type is destroyed. The book is +therefore a unique and limited first edition. + +Orders for this book will be accepted now, to be filled not later than +September 15, 1921, in the order of their receipt, cash to accompany +order. + +Cash will be returned immediately to unsuccessful applicants. We shall +not reprint this book, after this bound edition is exhausted, in the +original and complete form in which you may now procure it. + +Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. + +Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September +1st, each year. + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + +Typographical Errors Noted by Transcriber + +_Unless otherwise noted, errors were left as printed. Some variations +such as hyphenization may be carried over from quoted material._ + + phemonena familiar to all of us [phenomena] + has sometimes made a laporotomy necessary [laparotomy] + the belief now general among genetists and anatomists + [_form "genetists" may be correct for 1921_] + incision in the acrotum [scrotum] + On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia [Locomotor] + his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by the goat-gland operation [Locomotor] + [_these two misprints are on the same page_] + and thirty-five other Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley + [_invisible period in Dr. supplied by transcriber_] + Dr. Brinkley's operation to-day is a marvel + [_anomalous hyphen at mid-line_] + Ageing took place early. [Aging] + I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is + almost impossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia. + [_anomalous hyphens unchanged_] + I should relinguish the goat-gland [relinquish] + that this operation would cure syhpilis [syphilis] + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Goat-gland Transplantation, by +Sydney B. Flower and John R. 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