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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, A History of Horncastle, by James Conway
+Walter
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: A History of Horncastle
+       from the earliest period to the present time
+
+
+Author: James Conway Walter
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2009  [eBook #30358]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***
+
+
+Transcribed from the 1908 W. K. Morton & Sons edition by David Price,
+email ccx074@pglaf.org
+
+ [Picture: SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP.  Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop
+                        of Canterbury, 1349–1366]
+
+We are indebted for the engraving of this seal to the courtesy of Miss G.
+M. Bevan, author of _Portraits of the Archbishops of Canterbury_,
+published by Messrs. Mowbray & Co., London.
+
+
+
+
+
+                                    A
+                          HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE,
+                                 FROM THE
+                   EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME.
+
+
+                              _ILLUSTRATED_.
+
+                                    BY
+                           JAMES CONWAY WALTER,
+                                AUTHOR OF
+      _Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood_, _Parishes around
+                               Horncastle_,
+               _The Ayscoughs_, _The Coitani_, _&c._, _&c._
+
+                               HORNCASTLE:
+            W. K. MORTON & SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HIGH STREET,
+                                  1908.
+
+              [Picture: Market Place and Stanhope Memorial]
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following pages may truthfully be said to be the result of labours,
+extending over many years, and of researches in directions too many to
+tell.
+
+Born within almost a mile of Horncastle, and only by a few months
+escaping being born in it, since his father, on first coming to the
+neighbourhood, resided for a time in Horncastle, {0} the author, from his
+earliest years (except for periodical absences) has been connected with
+the life, social or civil, of the place, probably more closely and more
+continuously, than any other person living, in like circumstances.
+
+The notes on which this compilation is based were begun more than 30
+years ago.  While writing a volume of _Records of more than_ 30 _Parishes
+around Horncastle_, published in 1904; and, before that, while describing
+about as many more, in a volume, _Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood_,
+published in 1899, he had constantly in view the crowning of the series,
+by the history of the old town, round which these sixty, or more,
+parishes cluster; the haunt, if not quite the home, of his boyhood, and
+familiarized to him by a life-long connection.
+
+For this purpose sources of information have been tapped in every
+possible direction; of public institutions, the official records, and
+title deeds, where available, have been carefully consulted; especially
+should be here mentioned various deeds and charters, which are quoted in
+Chapter II, from the archives of Carlisle Cathedral, which have not
+hitherto been brought before the public, but of which the author has been
+allowed free use, through the courtesy of the librarian.  These are of
+special value, from the long connection of the Manor of Horncastle with
+the See of Carlisle.
+
+In other cases the author has been allowed the privilege of more private
+testimony; for instance, his old friend, the late Mr. John Overton (of a
+highly respectable family, for generations connected with the town and
+county), has most kindly given him the use of various family MS. notes,
+bearing on parish and other matters.  Mr. Henry Sharp has freely assisted
+him with most varied information, derived from long years of connection
+with the town, in public or private capacity.  The late Mr. Henry
+Boulton, ancestrally connected with various parts of the county, was
+remarkable for a mind stored with memories of persons and things, in town
+and neighbourhood, which he freely communicated to the author, who saw
+much of him in his later years.  While, last but not least, the late Mr.
+William Pacey, whether in his “Reminisences of Horncastle,” which he
+contributed to the public newspapers, or in his personal conversations,
+which the present writer enjoyed for many years, yielded up to him
+treasure, collected by an indefatigable student of local lore, who
+entered into such work _con amore_.
+
+To all these the author would now fully, and gratefully, acknowledge his
+indebtedness; but for them this work could not have been produced in
+anything like its present fulness.  In some of the matters dealt with, as
+for instance in the accounts of the Grammar School, as well as in other
+portions, he may fairly say, in the language of “the pious Æneas”
+(slightly modified), “quorum pars (ipse) fui,” (Æneid ii, 6); and in
+these he has drawn not a few of the details from his own recollections.
+
+In stringing these records together, of such varied character, and on
+subjects so numerous, he cannot but be conscious that, in the endeavour
+to give all possible information, and to omit nothing of real interest,
+he may, on the other hand, have laid himself open to the charge of being
+too diffuse, or even needlessly prolix.  Others not sharing his own
+interest in the subjects treated of, may think that he has occasionally
+“ridden his hobby too hard.”  If this should be the judgment of any of
+his readers, he would crave their indulgence out of consideration for the
+motive.
+
+These are the days of historic “Pageants,” drawn from life, and with
+living actors to illustrate them.  We have also our “Gossoping Guides,”
+to enable the tourist to realize more fully the meaning of the scenes
+which he visits.  From both of these the author “has taken his cue.”  He
+had to cater for a variety of tastes; and while, for the general reader
+he has cast his discriptions in a colloquial, or even at times in a
+“gossoping,” form, he believes that the old town, with its “Bull Ring,”
+its “Maypole Hill,” its “Fighting Cocks,” its “Julian Bower,” and other
+old time memories, can still afford _pabulum_ for the more educated
+student, or the special antiquary.
+
+Like the composer of a Pageant play, his endeavour has been rather to
+clothe the scenes, which he conjures up, with the flesh and blood of
+quickened reality, than in the bare skin and bones of a dry-as-dust’s
+rigid skeleton.  How far he has succeeded in this he leaves to others to
+decide; for himself he can honestly say, that it has not been from lack
+of care, enquiry, or labour, if he has fallen short of the ideal aimed
+at.
+
+                                  [Picture: Signature of J. Conway Walter]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                      CHAPTER I.                             PAGE
+
+PART I—PREHISTORIC.  Horncastle—its infancy                     1
+
+PART II—THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD                               3
+
+                     CHAPTER II.
+
+RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST            11
+
+                     CHAPTER III.
+
+ST. MARY’S CHURCH                                              33
+
+                     CHAPTER IV.
+
+THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY                                     57
+
+                      CHAPTER V.
+
+NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+   The Wesleyans                                               64
+
+   The Primitive Methodists                                    71
+
+   The Independents                                            77
+
+   The Baptist Chapel                                          84
+
+   The New Jerusalem Church                                    86
+
+                     CHAPTER VI.
+
+EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS—THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL                    91
+
+                     CHAPTER VII.
+
+WATSON’S FREE SCHOOL                                          108
+
+THE LANCASTERIAN AND THE BELL SCHOOLS                         111
+
+THE SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOL                                    112
+
+                    CHAPTER VIII.
+
+THE DISPENSARY                                                119
+
+                     CHAPTER IX.
+
+THE CANAL                                                     126
+
+THE RAILWAY                                                   130
+
+                      CHAPTER X.
+
+WORKHOUSE OR UNION                                            133
+
+THE COURT HOUSE                                               135
+
+THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL                                         136
+
+THE CLERICAL CLUB                                             137
+
+THE MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE                                      139
+
+THE CORN EXCHANGE                                             140
+
+THE WHELPTON ALMHOUSES                                        142
+
+THE DRILL HALL                                                145
+
+                     CHAPTER XI.
+
+HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &c.                                      151
+
+ODDITIES                                                      160
+
+PUBLICHOUSES                                                  161
+
+                      APPENDIX.
+
+THIMBLEBY                                                     165
+
+WEST ASHBY                                                    176
+
+HIGH TOYNTON                                                  180
+
+MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL                                           183
+
+LOW TOYNTON                                                   185
+
+ROUGHTON                                                      188
+
+HALTHAM                                                       190
+
+MAREHAM-LE-FEN                                                192
+
+MOORBY                                                        198
+
+WOOD ENDERBY                                                  201
+
+CONINGSBY                                                     203
+
+WILKSBY                                                       207
+
+LANGRIVILLE                                                   209
+
+THORNTON-LE-FEN                                               210
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+Mammoth Tooth                                                        5
+
+Hammer Head                                                          7
+
+North-east corner of the Castle Wall                                 9
+
+Plan of Horncastle, 1819                                            15
+
+Plan of Horncastle, 1908                                            23
+
+St. Mary’s Church                                                   35
+
+Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke in St. Mary’s Church                     42
+
+Ancient Scythes in St. Mary’s Church                                48
+
+The Old Vicarage                                                    55
+
+Holy Trinity Church                                                 59
+
+Wesleyan Chapel                                                     65
+
+Wesleyan Day Schools                                                69
+
+Interior Congregational Chapel                                      79
+
+The New Jerusalem Church                                            87
+
+Rev. Thomas Lord                                                    90
+
+The Grammar School                                                  93
+
+Lord Clynton and Saye                                               97
+
+Successive Head Masters of the Grammar School, from 1818           101
+to 1907
+
+The Seal of the Grammar School                                     105
+
+The Market Place                                                   109
+
+St. Mary’s Square                                                  113
+
+Bridge Street                                                      117
+
+High Street                                                        121
+
+The Bull Ring                                                      123
+
+The Canal                                                          127
+
+On the Canal                                                       129
+
+The Court House                                                    135
+
+The Stanhope Memorial                                              137
+
+Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec 31, 1900                      141
+
+West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900                        143
+
+Conging Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900                     145
+
+The Stanch                                                         147
+
+Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring                                  163
+
+St. Margaret’s Church, Thimbleby                                   171
+
+The Manor House, West Ashby                                        177
+
+All Saints’ Church, West Ashby                                     179
+
+St. John the Baptist’s Church, High Toynton                        181
+
+St. Peter’s Church, Low Toynton                                    187
+
+St. Helen’s Church, Mareham-le-Fen                                 193
+
+Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen                                    197
+
+St. Michael’s Church, Coningsby                                    205
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+PART I—PREHISTORIC.  HORNCASTLE—ITS INFANCY.
+
+
+In dealing with what may be called “the dark ages” of local history, we
+are often compelled to be content with little more than reasonable
+conjecture.  Still, there are generally certain surviving data, in
+place-names, natural features, and so forth, which enable those who can
+detect them, and make use of them, to piece together something like a
+connected outline of what we may take, with some degree of probability,
+as an approximation to what have been actual facts, although lacking, at
+the time, the chronicler to record them.
+
+It is, however, by no means a mere exercise of the imagination, if we
+assume that the site of the present Horncastle was at a distant period a
+British settlement. {1a}  Dr. Brewer says, “nearly three-fourths of our
+Roman towns were built on British sites,” (Introduction to _Beauties of
+England_, p. 7), and in the case of Horncastle, although there is nothing
+British in the name of the town itself, yet that people have undoubtedly
+here left their traces behind them.  The late Dr. Isaac Taylor {1b} says,
+“Rivers and mountains, as a rule, receive their names from the earliest
+races, towns and villages from later colonists.”  The ideas of those
+early occupants were necessarily limited.  The hill which formed their
+stronghold against enemies, {1c} or which was the “high place” of their
+religious rites, {1d} and the river which was so essential to their daily
+existence, of these they felt the value, and therefore naturally
+distinguished them by name before anything else.  Thus the remark of an
+eloquent writer is generally true, who says “our mountains and rivers
+still murmur the voices of races long extirpated.”  “There is hardly
+(says Dr. Taylor {2a}) throughout the whole of England a river name which
+is not Celtic,” _i.e._ British.
+
+As the Briton here looked from the hill-side, down upon the valley
+beneath him, two of the chief objects to catch his eye would be the
+streams which watered it, and which there, as they do still, united their
+forces.  They would then also, probably, form a larger feature in the
+prospect than they do at the present day, for the local beds of gravel
+deposit would seem to indicate that these streams were formerly of
+considerably greater volume, watering a wider area, and probably having
+ramifications which formed shoals and islands. {2b}  The particular names
+by which the Briton designated the two main streams confirm this
+supposition.  In the one coming from the more distant wolds, he saw a
+stream bright and clear, meandering through the meadows which it
+fertilized, and this he named the “Bain,” {2c} that word being Celtic for
+“bright” or “clear,” a characteristic which still belongs to its waters,
+as the brewers of Horncastle assure us.  In the other stream, which runs
+a shorter and more rapid course, he saw a more turbid current, and to it
+he gave the name “Waring,” {2d} which is the Celtic “garw” or “gerwin,”
+meaning “rough.”  Each of these names, then, we may regard as what the
+poet Horace calls “nomen præsente notâ productum,” {2e} they are as good
+as coin stamped in the mint of a Cunobelin, or a Caradoc, bearing his
+“image and superscription,” and after some 17 centuries of change, they
+are in circulation still.  So long as Horncastle is watered by the Bain
+and the Waring she will bear the brand of the British sway, once
+paramount in her valley.
+
+These river names, however, are not the only relics of the Britons found
+in Horncastle.  Two British urns were unearthed about 50 years ago, where
+is now the garden of the present vicarage, and another was found in the
+parish of Thornton, about a mile from the town, when the railway was
+being made in 1856.  The latter the present writer has seen, although it
+is now unfortunately lost. {2f}
+
+These Britons were a pastoral race, as Cæsar, their conqueror, tells us,
+{2g} not cultivating much corn, but having large flocks and herds, living
+on the milk and flesh of their live stock, and clad in the skins of
+these, or of other animals taken in the chase.  The well-watered pastures
+of the Bain valley would afford excellent grazing for their cattle, while
+the extensive forests {2h} of the district around would provide them with
+the recreations of the chase, which also helped to make them the skilled
+warriors which the Romans found them to be. {3}  Much of these forests
+remained even down to comparatively recent times, and very large trees
+have been dug up, black with age, in fields within four or five miles of
+Horncastle, within very recent years, which the present writer has seen.
+
+Such were some of the earlier inhabitants of this locality, leaving their
+undoubted traces behind them, but no “local habitation” with a name; for
+that we are first indebted to the Romans, who, after finding the Briton a
+foe not unworthy of his steel, ultimately subjugated him and found him
+not an inapt pupil in Roman arts and civilization.  Of the aptitude of
+the Briton to learn from his conquerors we have evidence in the fact,
+mentioned by the Roman writer Eumenius, that when the Emperor Constantius
+wished to rebuild the town Augustodunum (now Antun) in Gaul, about the
+end of the 3rd century, he employed workmen chiefly from Britain, such
+was the change effected in our “rude forefathers” in 250 years.
+
+We may sum up our remarks on the Britons by saying that in them we have
+ancestors of whom we have no occasion to be ashamed.  They had a
+Christian church more than 300 years before St. Augustine visited our
+shores.  They yet survive in the sturdy fisher folk of Brittany; in those
+stout miners of Cornwall, who in the famed Botallack mine have bored
+under the ocean bed, the name Cornwall itself being Welsh (_i.e._
+British) for corner land; in the people who occupy the fastnesses of the
+Welsh mountains, as well as in the Gaels of the Scottish Highlands and
+the Erse of Ireland.  Their very speech is blended with our own.  Does
+the country labourer go to the Horncastle tailor to buy coat and
+breeches?  His British forefather, though clad chiefly in skins, called
+his upper garment his “cotta,” his nether covering his “brages,” scotice
+“breeks.”  Brewer, _Introduction to Beauties of England_, p. 42.
+
+
+
+PART II—THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD.
+
+
+The headquarters of the Roman forces in our own part of Britain were at
+York, where more than one Roman Emperor lived and died, but Lindum, now
+Lincoln, was an important station.  About A.D. 71 Petillius Cerealis was
+appointed governor of the province by the Emperor Vespasian, he was
+succeeded by Julius Frontinus, both being able generals.  From A.D. 78 to
+85 that admirable soldier and administrator, Julius Agricola, over-ran
+the whole of the north as far as the Grampians, establishing forts in all
+directions, and doubtless during these and the immediately succeeding
+years, a network of such stations would be constructed in our own
+country, connected by those splendid highways which the Romans carried,
+by the forced labour of the natives, through the length and breadth of
+their vast empire.
+
+Coins of nearly all the Roman Emperors have been found at Horncastle; one
+was brought to the present writer in the 1st year of the 20th century,
+bearing the superscription of the Emperor Severus, who died at York A.D.,
+211.
+
+
+NOTE ON ANCIENT COINS FOUND AT HORNCASTLE.
+
+
+The following list of Roman and other coins found at Horncastle, has been
+supplied by the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, who has them in
+his own possession.
+
+Consular, denarius, silver.
+Œs grave, or Roman as, heavy brass.
+Augustus, quinarius (half denarius).  B.C. 27–A.D. 14.
+Claudius, brass, of three different sizes.  A.D. 41–54.
+Vespasian, denarius, silver.  A.D. 69–79.
+Domitian, brass.  A.D. 81–96.
+Nerva, brass.  A.D. 96–98.
+Trajan, brass, of two sizes.  A.D. 98–117.
+Hadrian, brass.  A.D. 117–138.
+Antoninus Pius, denarius, silver.  A.D. 138–161.
+Faustina I., his wife, brass.
+Lucius Verus, brass.  A.D. 161–169.
+Marcus Aurelius, brass.  A D. 161–180.
+Faustina II., his wife, brass.
+Caracalla, denarius, silver.  A.D. 211–217.
+Julia Sæmias, mother of Emperor Heliogabalus, denarius, silver.  A.D.
+218–222.
+Gordian III., denarius, silver.  A.D. 238–244.
+Philip I., brass.  A.D. 244–249.
+Hostilian, denarius, silver.  A.D. 249–251.
+Gallienus, brass.  A.D. 253–268.
+Salomia, his wife, brass.
+Victorinus, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 253–260.  (10 varieties).
+Marius, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 267.
+Claudius II. (or Gothicus), brass.  A.D. 268–270.
+Tetricus I., brass (Emperor in Gaul).  A.D. 270–273.
+Tetricus II., brass (Emperor in Gaul).  A.D. 270–274.
+Probus, brass.  A.D. 276–282.
+Diocletian, copper, a new kind of coin named a “follis.”  A.D. 284–305.
+Maximian, copper, a “follis.”  A.D. 286–305.
+Alectus, brass (Emperor in Britain).  A.D. 293–296.
+Constantius Chlorus, brass.  A.D. 305–306.
+Maxentius, copper, a “follis.”  A.D. 306–312.
+Constantine the Great, brass.  A.D. 306–337.
+Crispus, brass.  A.D. 326.
+Magnentius, brass (Emperor in Gaul and Britain).  A.D. 350–353.
+Constantine II., brass (struck in London).  A.D. 337–340.
+Constans, brass.  A.D. 337–350.
+Constantius II., brass.  A.D. 337–361.
+Valens, brass.  A.D. 364–378.
+Gratian, brass.  A.D. 375–383.
+Theodosius I., brass.  A.D. 379–395.
+Arcadius, brass (Emperor in East).  A.D. 395–408.
+Honorius, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 395–423.
+Byzantine coin, bronze, date not known exactly but later than Honorius,
+so showing that the Romans held Horncastle against Saxon invaders.
+
+ [Picture: Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle.
+   Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5¼-in., breadth 6½-in., thickness 2-in.]
+
+A Roman milestone was discovered in the Bail, at Lincoln, in 1891, {5a}
+inscribed with the name of Marcus Piavonius Victorinus, who commanded in
+Gaul and Britain, and which must have been set up during his period of
+office, about A D. 267.  The site of this was the point of intersection
+of the two main streets, which would be the centre of the Roman Forum at
+Lindum, one of these streets leading to Horncastle; from Horncastle also
+there branched off, as will be hereafter noted, several main Roman roads.
+
+As Horncastle stands on the banks of the river Bain it has been taken by
+Stukeley, the antiquarian, and by others following him, {5b} to have been
+the Roman Banovallum or “Fort on the Bain,” mentioned by the Roman
+geographer of Ravenna; {5c} although, however, most probably correct,
+this is a mere conjecture.  On the road between Horncastle and Lincoln we
+have the village of Baumber, also called Bamburgh, and this latter form
+of the name might well mean a “burgh,” or fort, on the Bain, the river
+running just below the village.  The two names, however, might well exist
+at different periods.  It may be here mentioned that this form, Bamburg,
+is found in _Harleian Charter_ 56, c. i, B.M., dated at Wodehalle,
+December, 1328.
+
+Tacitus, the Roman historian, {5e} tells us that the Romans “wore out the
+bodies and hands of the Britons in opening out the forests, and paving or
+fortifying the roads,” and we can well imagine that those skilled
+generals would see the advantageous position for a stronghold in the
+angle formed by the junction of the two rivers, and would employ the
+subjugated Britons of the locality in constructing, it may be, at first
+only a rude fort, protected on two sides by the streams and in the rear
+by a “vallum,” or embankment, and that on the site thus secured and
+already a native stronghold, they would, at a later period, erect the
+“castrum,” of which massive fragments still remain, testifying to its
+great strength.
+
+These remains, indeed, in almost their whole course can be traced through
+present-day gardens and back premises, shewing the four sides of an
+irregular parallelogram.  Their dimensions, roughly speaking, are on the
+north and south sides about 600-ft., by about 350-ft. at the eastern, and
+300-ft. at the western end, their thickness being about 16-ft.  The
+material employed was the Spilsby sandstone, obtainable within five
+miles, cemented by course grouting poured into the interstices between
+the massive blocks.  These walls inclose a portion of the High Street as
+far eastward as the site of the present Corn Exchange, westward they
+include the present manor house and form the boundary of the churchyard
+in that direction.  On the north they run at the back of the houses on
+that side of the Market Place, and on the south they extend from St.
+Mary’s Square, past the Grammar School, and through sundry yards,
+parallel with the branch of the canal, which is the old Waring river.
+The masonry of these walls, as now seen, is very rude.  It is supposed
+that, originally as built by the Romans, they had an external coating of
+neat structure, but this has entirely disappeared, it is still, however,
+to be seen in the wells, which are next to be described.
+
+In a cellar, south of the High Street, at a baker’s shop, and close to
+the eastern wall of the castle, is a Roman well; there is another close
+to the north-east angle of the castle walls, in what is called Dog-kennel
+Yard, and a third just within the western wall, near the present National
+Schools.  Thus, although the two rivers were without the castle walls,
+the Roman garrison was well supplied with water.
+
+The Roman roads branching from the town were (1st) the “Ramper,” {6a} as
+it is still called, running north-west, and connecting it with the Roman
+station Lindum; from this, at Baumber, {6b} distant about 4 miles, a
+branch running northwards led to the Roman Castrum, now Caistor; (2nd)
+north-eastwards _via_ West Ashby, being the highway to Louth, the Roman
+Luda; (3rd) eastwards, by High Toynton, Greetham, &c, to Waynflete, the
+Roman Vain-ona; (4th) southward, by Dalderby, Haltham, &c., to Leeds
+Gate, Chapel Hill, and there crossing the river Witham to Sleaford and
+Ancaster, the Roman Causennæ, situated on the great Roman Ermin Street.
+This also was continued to another Roman Castrum, now Castor, near
+Peterborough; (5th) south-west, by Thornton, &c., to Tattershall, locally
+supposed to have been the Roman Durobrivæ, and where traces of a Roman
+camp still remain.
+
+Besides these Roman _viæ_ and Roman coins, quite an abundance of Roman
+pottery has from time to time been unearthed, and fragments are
+continually being found in gardens in the town.  A collection of these,
+probably cinerary urns, was preserved until quite recently in the library
+of the Mechanics’ Institute, where the writer has frequently seen them,
+{7a} they varied in height from 8 inches to 18 inches.  Unfortunately,
+for lack of funds, that institution was broken up about 1890, the books
+were stowed away in a room at the workhouse, a valuable collection, and
+the urns were sold by the late Mr. Joseph Willson, who acted as sole
+trustee.  Other Roman relics have been fragments of mortars of white
+clay, found on the site of the present union, one bearing the word
+“fecit,” though the maker’s name was lost.  Portions also of Samian ware
+have been found, one stamped with a leopard and stag, another bearing
+part of the potter’s name, ILIANI; with fragments of hand-mills, fibulæ,
+&c. {7b}  The present writer has two jars, or bottles, of buff coloured
+ware, of which about a dozen were dug up when the foundations of the
+workhouse were being laid in 1838, they are probably Samian, a friend
+having exactly similar vessels which she brought from Cyprus.  The writer
+has in his possession the head of a porphyritic mallet which was found in
+a garden in the south of the town a few years ago, it is probably Roman;
+the handle, which would be of wood, had entirely disappeared; it is much
+“pitted” through damp and age, is 6½ inches long and weighs 3-lb. 9-oz.
+
+ [Picture: Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6⅝-in., width 3⅞-in.
+  weight 3½-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot region, Neolithic period.
+             The stone was probably part of a large boulder]
+
+A discovery of further interesting Roman relics of another kind was made
+in 1896.  The owner of a garden near Queen Street, in the south-eastern
+part of the town, was digging up an apple tree when he came across a fine
+bed of gravel.  Continuing the digging, in order to find the thickness of
+this deposit, his spade struck against a hard substance, which proved to
+be a lead coffin.  After this had been examined by others invited to
+inspect it, without any satisfactory result, the present writer was
+requested to conduct further investigation.  The coffin was found to be
+5-ft. 2-in. in length, containing the skeleton, rather shorter, of a
+female.  A few days later a second coffin was found, lying parallel to
+the first, 5-ft. 7-in. in length, the bones of the skeleton within being
+larger and evidently those of a male.  Subsequently fragments of decayed
+wood and long iron nails and clamps were found, showing that the leaden
+coffins had originally been enclosed in wooden cases.  Both these coffins
+lay east and west.  A description was sent to a well-known antiquarian,
+the late Mr. John Bellows of Gloucester, and he stated that if the lead
+had an admixture of tin they were Roman, if no tin, post-Roman.  The lead
+was afterwards analysed by Professor Church, of Kew, and by the
+analytical chemist of Messrs. Kynoch & Co., of Birmingham, with the
+result that there was found to be a percentage of 1.65 of tin to 97.08 of
+lead and 1.3 of oxygen, “the metal slightly oxidised.”  It was thus
+proved that the coffins were those of Romans, their “orientation”
+implying that they were Christian.  It should be added that three similar
+coffins were found in the year 1872, when the foundations were being laid
+of the New Jerusalem Chapel in Croft Street, within some 100 yards of the
+two already described; and further, as confirmatory of their being Roman,
+a lead coffin was also found in the churchyard of Baumber, on the
+restoration of the church there in 1892, this being close to the Roman
+road (already mentioned) between the old Roman stations Banovallum and
+Lindum.  Lead coffins have also been found in the Roman cemeteries at
+Colchester, York, and at other places. {8}
+
+As another interesting case of Roman relics found in Horncastle, I give
+the following:—In 1894 I exhibited, at a meeting of our Archæological
+Society, some small clay pipes which had recently been dug up along with
+a copper coin of the Emperor Constantine, just within the western wall of
+the old castle, near the present Manor House.  They were evidently very
+old and of peculiar make, being short in stem with small bowl set at an
+obtuse angle.  They were said at the time to be Roman, but since tobacco
+was not introduced till the reign of Elizabeth that idea was rejected.
+In the year 1904, however, a large quantity of fragments of similar clay
+pipes were found in the ruins of the Roman fort of Aliso, near Halteren
+on the river Lippe, in Western Germany, some of rude structure, some
+decorated with figures and Roman characters.  They were lying at a depth
+of 9 feet below the surface, and had evidently lain undisturbed since the
+time of the Roman occupation.  From the marks upon them it was manifest
+that they had been used, and it is now known from the statements of the
+Roman historian Pliny, and the Greek Herodotus, that the use of narcotic
+fumes was not unknown to the Romans, as well as to other ancient nations;
+the material used was hemp seed and cypress grass.  In the Berlin
+Ethnological Museum, also, vessels of clay are preserved, which are
+supposed to have been used for a like purpose.  This discovery, then, at
+Horncastle is very interesting as adding to our Roman remains, and we may
+picture to ourselves the Roman sentinel taking his beat on the old castle
+walls and solacing himself, after the manner of his countrymen, with his
+pipe.  (An account of this later discovery is given in a German
+scientific review for August, 1904, quoted _Standard_, August 12, 1904).
+
+Of what may be called the close of this early historic period in
+connection with Horncastle there is little more to be said.  The Roman
+forces withdrew from Britain about A.D. 408.  The Britons harried by
+their northern neighbours, the Picts and Scots, applied for assistance to
+the Saxons, who, coming at first as friends, but led to stay by the
+attractions of the country, gradually over-ran the land and themselves in
+turn over-mastered the Britons, driving them into Wales and Cornwall.
+The only matter of interest in connection with Horncastle, in this
+struggle between Saxon and Briton, is that about the end of the 5th
+century the Saxon King Horsa, with his brother Hengist, who had greatly
+improved the fort at Horncastle, were defeated in a fight at Tetford by
+the Britons under their leader Raengeires, and the British King caused
+the walls to be nearly demolished and the place rendered defenceless.
+(Leland’s _Collectanea_, vol i, pt. ii, p. 509).
+
+   [Picture: North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard]
+
+The Saxons in their turn, towards the close of the 8th century, were
+harassed by marauding incursions of the Danes, {9} which continued,
+though temporarily checked by Kings Egbert and Alfred, through many
+years, both nations eventually settling side by side, until both alike in
+the 11th century became subject to their Norman conquerors.  The traces
+of these peoples are still apparent in Horncastle and its soke, since of
+its 13 parish names, three, High Toynton, Low Toynton and Roughton have
+the Saxon suffix “ton”; three, Mareham-on-the-Hill, Mareham-le-Fen and
+Haltham terminate in the Saxon “ham,” and six, Thimbleby, West Ashby,
+Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby and Coningsby have the Danish suffix “by.”
+The name of the town itself is Saxon, Horn-castle, or more anciently
+Hyrne-ceastre, _i.e._ the castle in the corner, {10} or angle, formed by
+the junction of the two rivers; that junction was, within comparatively
+modern times, not where it is now, but some 200 yards eastward, on the
+other side of the field called “The Holms,” where there is still a muddy
+ditch.
+
+So far our account of the town has been based mainly upon etymological
+evidence, derived from river and place names, with a few scanty and
+scattered records.  As we arrive at the Norman period we shall have to
+deal with more direct documentary testimony, which may well form another
+chapter.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST.
+
+
+A recent historian {11a} has said “In the 13th century the northern
+counties of England were so unsettled that there was little security
+north of the Humber, and in 1250 the powerful Bishop of Carlisle found it
+necessary to buy the manor of Horncastle (his own residence in the north,
+Rose Castle, having been destroyed by marauders), and the Pope granted
+him the Parish Church (of Horncastle) for his use;” {11b} but we can
+carry our history back to a considerably earlier period than this.  As a
+former Roman station, doubtless, and of even earlier origin than that,
+Horncastle had become a place of some importance, and so, even before the
+Norman conquest the manor was royal property, since _Domesday Book_
+states that King Edward the Confessor bestowed it upon his Queen, Editha.
+Edward died January 5, 1066, and his possessions naturally passed to his
+successor, the Conqueror.  Its subsequent history for a few years we do
+not know, but in the reign of Stephen the manor was held by Adelias, or
+Adelidis, (Alice or Adelaide) de Cundi, daughter of William de Cheney
+{11c} (a name still known in the county), who was Lord of Glentham and
+Caenby, two parishes near Brigg.  She had a castle in this town, the site
+of which is not now known, but it was probably a restoration in whole, or
+in part, of the old fortress.  She took part against the King in his
+quarrel with the Empress Maud, and her estates were confiscated by
+Stephen, they were, however, subsequently restored to her on condition
+that she should demolish her castle.
+
+On her death the manor reverted to the crown and was granted by Henry II.
+to a Fleming noble, Gerbald de Escald, who held it for one knight’s fee.
+{12a}  He was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes, {12b}
+whose son, Ralph de Rhodes, sold it to Walter Mauclerk, {12c} Bishop of
+Carlisle, and Treasurer of the Exchequer under Henry III.  In the reign
+of Richard II. Roger la Scrope and Margaret his wife, with Robert Tibetot
+and son, his wife, as descendants of Gerbald de Escald, {12d} put in a
+claim for the manor and obtained letters patent, by which the episcopal
+possessor was bound to do them homage, but this was only for a brief
+period, and they then disappear from the scene.
+
+The manor remained a possession of the bishops of Carlisle until the
+reign of Edward VI., when, by licence of the King, it was sold by Bishop
+Aldrich in 1547 to Edward, Lord Clinton. {12e}  In the reign of Mary he
+was compelled to re-convey it to the see of Carlisle. {12f}  Queen
+Elizabeth took a lease of it under the then possessing bishop, in which
+she was succeeded by James I.  He assigned it to Sir Edward Clinton,
+knt., but through neglect of enrolment this became void. {12g}  In the
+reign of Charles II. the former charters were renewed, {12h} and the
+bishops of Carlisle remained lords of the manor until 1856, when it was
+transferred, with the patronage of some of the benefices within the soke,
+to the Bishop of Lincoln.  Thus from the reign of Edward the Confessor to
+that of Charles II., a period of about 600 years, broken by brief
+intervals of alienation, Horncastle was connected with royalty.
+
+The lease of the manor was held, under the bishops of Carlisle by Sir
+Joseph Banks and his ancestors for nearly a century, the lease of Sir
+Joseph himself being dated 21 March, 1803, and renewed 1 June, 1811.  He
+died in 1820 and was succeeded by his relative the Honble. James Hamilton
+Stanhope and, three years later, by James Banks Stanhope, Esq., then a
+minor, who, at a later period (in 1885) transferred all his rights to his
+cousin, the late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, whose widow became lady
+of the manor and at whose death, in 1907, the lordship reverted to the
+Honble. Richard Stanhope, son of the present Earl Stanhope.  Mr. Banks
+Stanhope died January 18th, 1904, aged 82, having been a generous
+benefactor to Horncastle and the neighbourhood.
+
+We have here given a very condensed account of the ownership of this
+manor from the reign of Edward the Confessor to the present time, a
+period of nearly 840 years.  Having had access to the episcopal archives
+of Carlisle, so long connected with Horncastle, we are able to confirm
+several of the above details from documents still existing, which we now
+proceed to do.
+
+It has been stated that the manor of Horncastle was conferred upon Queen
+Editha by her husband, Edward the Confessor.  In confirmation of this we
+find the following: In the reign of Charles I. the Vicar of Horncastle,
+Thomas Gibson, presented a petition claiming tithe for certain mills
+called “Hall Mills,” with a close adjoining called “Mill Holmes,” as
+belonging to the glebe.  The tenant, William Davidson, resisted, arguing
+that he had paid no tithes to the previous vicar, Robert Holingshed, that
+the mills were erected before the conquest and were part of the jointure
+of Queen Editha, as stated in _Domesday Book_, and were therefore part of
+the manor, not of the vicar’s glebe.  The result is not recorded, but
+doubtless the tenant was right. {13a}  The passage here quoted from
+_Domesday Book_ is the following: “In Horncastre Queen Editha had 3
+carucates of land, free of gelt.  This land is now 4 carucates.  The King
+has there 2 carucates in demesne (_i.e._ as his manor), with 29 villeins
+and 12 bordars, who have (among them) 3 carucates.  There are 2 mills
+worth 26s. yearly, and 100 acres of meadow.  In King Edward’s time the
+annual value was £20, now it is £44.” {13b}  These two mills and the
+meadow were doubtless those in dispute between the vicar and tenant in
+the reign of Charles I., the date of _Domesday_ being about 1085, or 540
+years earlier.  They were plainly part of the royal manor and not at all
+connected with the glebe.
+
+All this, however, proves that the manor of Horncastle belonged to King
+Edward the Confessor before the conquest, and 360 acres of it were
+assigned to his consort, Queen Editha.  The expansion of the 3 carucates
+into 4, mentioned in _Domesday Book_, was probably (as in many other
+recorded cases) due to the reclamation of land hitherto waste in flood or
+forest.
+
+On the death of King Edward in 1066 the royal demesnes naturally passed
+to his successor and kinsman, William the Conqueror, and in due course to
+the successive Norman kings of his line.
+
+The connection of Horncastle with the sovereign is shown in various ways.
+Documents relating to the earlier kings are naturally rare, since for
+many years law courts were hardly yet established, the royal power being
+rather that of “might” than of “right.” {13c}  Even the sale, or
+devising, of property could only be legally effected by the king’s
+licence.  Among the Carlisle papers connected with Horncastle is one
+which shows that a matter which in modern times would be settled by the
+parish overseers, or more recently by the Urban Council, was to be
+formerly carried out only by the royal sanction.  There is a Patent Roll
+of the 13th year of King Richard II. (pt. 1, m. 3) entitled “Concerning
+the paving of Horncastre,” and running as follows:—“The King to the
+Bailiff and proved men of the vill of Horncastre, greeting.  Know, that
+in aid of paving your said vill, of our special grace we have granted to
+you, that from the day of the making of these presents to the end of 3
+years, you may take, for things coming to the said vill for sale, the
+customs underwritten.”  Then follows a long list of articles for sale, of
+which we can only specify a few here, viz.: “For every horse load of
+corn, ¼d., for every dole of wine, 2d.; for every pipe of ditto, 1s.; for
+every hide, fresh, salt, or tanned, ¼d.; for 100 skins of roebucks (it
+seems that there were wild deer in those days), hares, rabbits, foxes, or
+squirrels, ½d.; for every horse load of cloth, ½d.; for every cloth of
+worstede, called ‘coverlyt,’ value 40s., 1d.; for every 100 of linen web
+of Aylesham, 1d.; for every chief of strong cendal (silk) 1d.; for 100
+mullets, salt or dry, 1d.; for every cart of fish, 1d.; for every horse
+load of sea fish, ¼d.; for every salmon, ¼d.; for every last of herrings
+(12 barrels), 6d.; for every horse load of honey, 1d.; for every wey of
+tallow (256 lbs.), 1d.; for every milstone, ½d.; for 1,000 turfs, ¼d.
+For every other kind of merchandise not here specified, of value 5s. and
+over, ¼d.; and the term of 3 years being ended, the said customs shall
+cease.  Witness the King, at Westminster, 9 Nov., 1389.”
+
+Truly the kingly government was a paternal one to take cognizance of such
+petty local matters.  The “coggle” pavement of Horncastle is often
+complained of, but at least it had the royal sanction.
+
+A Roll of the 18th year of Edward III. (m 8), dated Westminster, 28 June,
+1344, is directed “to his very dear and faithful John de Kirketon, Fitz
+Hugh de Cressy,” (and others) assigning them “to choose and array 100 men
+at arms in the County of Lincoln,” and (among others) “6 hoblers in the
+vill of Horncastre, to be at Portsmouth, to set out with the King against
+Philip VI., de Valesco (Valois).”  This was the beginning of the campaign
+of Edward and his son the Black Prince, which terminated with the
+glorious battle of Cressy and the capture of Calais.  “Hoblers” were a
+sort of yeomanry who, by the terms of their tenure of land were bound to
+keep a light “nag” for military service.
+
+A Domestic State Paper of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 51, No. 12, III) contains
+the “Certificate of the town and soke of Horncastle to the artycles of
+the Queen’s Majesty’s most Honorable Pryvye Councell,” dated 27 June,
+1569, shewing what “soldiers were furnished and went forth under Captaine
+Carsey.”  These were formerly the well-known local troops called
+“trainbands.”  The paper contains, further, accounts of payments for
+“towne common armour, jerkyns, swords, daggers, corslettes, 1 caline
+(piece of ordnance), conduct money (_i.e._ hire money), pioneers,
+victuals,” &c.  Accounts rendered by Thomas Hamerton, Arthur Patchytt,
+Thomas Raythbeake (all formerly well known names in the town), and
+others.
+
+The head of the Carsey family was the owner of the Revesby Abbey Estate,
+and as such was lesse of the manor of Horncastle under the Bishop of
+Carlisle.  They sold their property, in 1575, to Thomas Cecil, son of
+Lord Treasurer Burleigh.
+
+There is another Carlisle document in connection with these trained bands
+among the same Domestic State Papers of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 199, No.
+7), in which the Earl of Rutland writes to Anthony Thorold, sheriff, that
+he has instructions “from the Lords of the Counsaile to put in strength
+the power of the realme for the maritime counties,” and he asks him to
+“choose captaines for the yet untrained companies, and to supply the
+place of Mr. John Savile for Horncastle.”  N.B.—The Saviles owned Poolham
+Hall in Edlington.  On this (State Papers, Eliz., Vol. 199, No. 72) the
+Earl writes to Mr. Valentine Brown that he thinks him “meete to supply
+the place for Horncastle,” dated London, 29 March, 1586–7.  Sir Valentine
+Brown was of Croft and East Kirkby, and Treasurer of Ireland; he married
+the daughter of Sir John Monson, ancestor of the present Lord Oxenbridge.
+
+Among the Domestic State Papers of Charles I. (Vol. 376, No. 123), is a
+petition from the inhabitants of Horncastle to Sir Anthony Irbie, Knt.,
+sheriff of the county, complaining that the town was over-rated for the
+payment of “ship-money,” and praying for a reduction of the same.  The
+county was charged £8,000.  This rate, levied to maintain the navy,
+created widespread dissatisfaction and eventually led to the revolution.
+It was included among the grievances against which public protests were
+made in 1641.  The five judges who pronounced in its favour were
+imprisoned, and Hampden received a wound in a skirmish with Prince
+Rupert, from which he died, June 24, 1643.  Petitions were also presented
+to Sir Edward Hussey, sheriff, 1636–7, as given in Domestic State Papers,
+Charles I., Vol. 345, No. 42.
+
+                        [Picture: Horncastle map]
+
+It has been already stated that in the reign of Stephen this manor was
+held by Adelias, or Adelidis, de Cundi.  How this came about is not quite
+clear, whether it was inherited from her father, William de Cheney, who
+was probably among the Normans invited to immigrate by Edward the
+Confessor, since it would seem that at the time of the conquest he was
+already a large owner in the county, or from her husband, Robert de
+Cundi, a Fleming, probably named from the town and fortress of Conde on
+the frontier of France, situated on the Scheldt, in the department du
+Nord.  There is, however, evidence to show that she had other possessions
+of considerable value apparently in her own right in Nottinghamshire and
+Kent, as well as Lincolnshire. {16a}  She is described by the old
+chronicler, Geoffrey Gairmar, {16b} as a great patroness of learning and
+literature.
+
+The Cheneys, or Chesneys, were apparently of foreign extraction, as
+implied by their appellation “de Casineto.”  They had considerable
+influence at various periods, one of them being knighted, another made a
+baron by Queen Elizabeth. {16c}  One, Robert de Cheney, was a powerful
+Bishop of Lincoln (A.D. 1147–67) and built one of the finest castles in
+England, the ruins of which still remain in the Palace grounds at
+Lincoln. {16d}  The Cheney pedigree is given in _The Genealogist_ of
+July, 1901.  They seem to have settled in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire,
+as well as in Lincolnshire.  Sir Thomas Cheney, K.G., was Lord Warden of
+the Cinque Ports in the latter part of the 16th century.  The Cheneys
+fell into decay towards the end of the 17th century, and at the beginning
+of the 18th century we find them in trade at Boston.  About 1750 William
+Garfit of Boston married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cheney, and the name,
+as a Christian name, still survives in that family.  The Cheneys, we may
+add, were among the ancestors of the Willoughbys, {16e} and the parish of
+Cheneys, in Bucks., doubtless named after them, is now the property of
+the Duke of Bedford.
+
+The granddaughter of Adelias de Cundi, Agnes, {16f} married Walter, son
+of Walter de Clifford of Clifford Castle, Hereford.  Walter Clifford is
+named in the first great charter of Henry III. (A.D. 1216), along with
+the great nobles Walter de Lacy, William de Ferrars, Earl of Derby,
+William, Earl of Albemarle, and others.
+
+William de Cheney, already mentioned as father of Adelias de Cundi, was
+“Lord of Caenby and Glentham,” and Walter de Clifford also is mentioned
+in the charters of Barlings Abbey as giving to that monastery lands in
+Caenby and Glentham, along with the above Walter de Lacy.  The great
+feature of the reign of Stephen was the large number of castles erected
+by lords who were almost more powerful than their sovereign, and Adelias
+built her castle at Horncastle, where she resided in great state until,
+on her favouring the cause of the Empress Maud, daughter of the previous
+king, Henry I. (whereas Stephen was only his nephew), her lands were
+confiscated, and, as we have already seen, only restored on condition
+that her castle was demolished. {17a}  This restoration was, however,
+only for life and on her demise the manor reverted to the crown.
+
+The manor was next granted by Henry II. to Gerbald de Escald, a Flemish
+noble. {17b}  This is shewn by a record still preserved at Carlisle,
+dated 1274–5.  In the reign of Edward I. an inquisition was made at
+Lincoln, before 12 jurors of the soke of Horncastle, among the
+Commissioners being John de Haltham, Anselm de Rugthon (Roughton), Thomas
+de Camera (_i.e._ Chambers) of Horncastre, the King’s Justices and
+others, when it was declared that “the Lord Henry III., the father of
+King Edward who now is, once had the manor of Horncastre, and he
+enfeoffed Gerbald de Escald, a knight of Flanders, thereof, for his
+service, viz., by doing one knight’s fee for the Lord the King.”
+
+Gerbald was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes.  This
+is shewn by a Carlisle document. {17c}  A dispute arose between Hugh, son
+of Ralph (surname not given) and Gerard de Rhodes, concerning the manor
+and soke of Horncastle, the advowson of the church, &c., which were
+claimed by the said Hugh; but a compromise was effected, 400 marks being
+paid to Hugh, and Gerard de Rhodes left in undisputed possession.
+
+It has been thought probable that this Ralph, father of Hugh, was
+Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who was lord of the manors of Revesby and
+Hareby, and had other possessions in the neighbourhood.  He, it is
+supposed, held the manor of Horncastle, as trustee, during the minority
+of Gerard.  Gerard was, in due course, succeeded by his son and heir,
+Ralph de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III.  This again is proved by a
+Feet of Fines, {17d} which records an “agreement made in the court of the
+Lord King at Westminster (3 Feb., A.D. 1224–5), between Henry del Ortiay
+and Sabina his wife on the one part, and the said Ralph de Rhodes on the
+other part,” whereby the former acknowledge certain lands and
+appurtenances in Horncastle and its soke to be the property of the said
+Ralph, and he grants to them, as his tenants, certain lands; they, in
+acknowledgement, “rendering him therefor, by the year, one pair of gilt
+spurs at Easter for all service and exactions.”
+
+We have now reached another stage in the tenure of this manor and find
+ourselves once more at the point where the present chapter opened.
+Hitherto the manor had been held “in capite” (or “in chief”) of the king
+by lay lords, or, in the two cases of Queen Editha and Adelias de Condi,
+by a lady; but in this reign Walter Mauclerk, the third Bishop of
+Carlisle, purchased the manor from Ralph de Rhodes.  He was himself a
+powerful Norman and held the office of Treasurer of the Exchequer (a
+common combination of civil and ecclesiastical duties in those days), but
+now he and his successors were bound “to do suit and service to Ralph and
+his heirs.”  This purchase is proved by a Lincoln document called a “Plea
+Quo Warranto,” which records a case argued before the Justices Itinerant,
+in the reign of Edward I., when it was stated that Ralph de Rhodes
+“enfeoffed Walter Mauclerk to hold the church, manor and appurtenances in
+Horncastre, to him and his heirs, of the gift of the said Ralph.” {18a}
+That the Bishop, although an ecclesiastic, was bound to do service to the
+heirs of Ralph is shown by another document, {18b} in which John, son of
+Gerard de Rhodes, a descendant of Ralph, makes a grant to certain parties
+of “the homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors, for the manor (&c.) of Horncastre, which Gerard, son of
+Gerard my brother, granted to me.”  This is dated the 13th year of Edward
+I., 1285, whereas the actual sale of the manor took place in the reign of
+Henry III., A.D. 1230, and was confirmed by the king in the same year.
+{18c}
+
+We have called this another stage in the tenure of this manor and for
+this reason, an ecclesiastic of high rank, with the authority of the Pope
+of Rome at his back, was a more powerful subject than any lay baron, and
+this influence soon shewed itself, for while the lay lords of the manor
+had been content with doing their service to the king, and exacting
+service from those holding under them, the Bishop of Carlisle, in the
+first year of his tenure, obtained from the king three charters,
+conferring on the town of Horncastle immunities and privileges, which had
+the effect of raising the town from the status of little more than a
+village to that of the general mart of the surrounding country.  The
+first of these charters gave the bishop, as lord of the manor, the right
+of free warren throughout the soke {18d}; the second gave him licence to
+hold an annual fair two days before the feast of St. Barnabas (June 11),
+to continue eight days; the third empowered him to hang felons.  An
+additional charter was granted in the following year empowering the
+bishop to hold a weekly market on Wednesday (die Mercurii), which was
+afterwards changed to Saturday, on which day it is still held; also to
+hold another fair on the eve of the Feast of St. Laurence (Aug. 10th), to
+continue seven days. {18e}
+
+We here quote a few words of the original Carlisle charter, as shewing
+the style of such documents in those days: “Henry to all Bishops,
+Bailiffs, Provosts, servants, &c., health.  Know that we, by the guidance
+of God, and for the health of our soul, and of the souls of our ancestors
+and descendants, have granted, and confirmed by this present charter, to
+God, and the church of the blessed Mary of Carlisle, and to the Venerable
+Father, Walter, Bishop of Carlisle,” &c.  It then goes on to specify,
+among other privileges, that the bishop shall have “all chattells of
+felons and fugitives, all amerciaments and fines from all men and tenants
+of the manor and soke; that the bishop and his successors shall be quit
+for ever to the king of all mercies, fines (&c.), that no constable of
+the king shall have power of entry, but that the whole shall pertain to
+the said bishop, except attachments touching pleas of the crown, and that
+all chattells, &c., either in the king’s court, or any other, shall be
+the bishop’s.”  Then follow cases in which chattells of Robert Mawe, a
+fugitive, were demanded by the bishop, and £24 exacted from the township
+of Horncastle in lieu thereof; also 40s. from William, son of Drogo de
+Horncastre, for trespass, and other fines from Ralph Ascer, bailiff.
+Robert de Kirkby, &c., &c.  The same document states that the bishop has
+a gallows (furcæ) at Horncastle for hanging offenders within the soke;
+and, in connection with this we may observe that in the south of the town
+is still a point called “Hangman’s Corner.”
+
+These extensive powers, however, would hardly seem (to use the words of
+the charter) to have been “for the good of the souls” of the bishop or
+his successors, since they rather had the effect of leading him to the
+abuse of his rights.  Accordingly, in the reign of Edward III., a plea
+was entered at Westminster, before the King’s Justices, {19a} by which
+John, Bishop of Carlisle, was charged with resisting the authority of the
+king in the matter of the patronage of the benefice of Horncastle.  That
+benefice was usually in the gift of the bishop, but the rector, Simon de
+Islip, had been appointed by the king Archbishop of Canterbury and, in
+such circumstances, the crown by custom presents to the vacancy.  The
+bishop resisted and proceeded to appoint his own nominee, but the
+judgment of the court was against him.
+
+A somewhat similar case occurred a few years later. {19b}  Thomas de
+Appleby, the Bishop of Carlisle, and John de Rouseby, clerk, were
+“summoned to answer to the Lord the King, that they permit him to appoint
+to the church of Horncastre, vacant, and belonging to the king’s gift, by
+reason of the bishopric of Carlisle being recently vacant.”  It was
+argued that John de Kirkby, Bishop of Carlisle, had presented Simon de
+Islip to that benefice, afterwards created Archbishop of Canterbury, and
+that the temporalities (patronage, &c.) of the Bishopric of Carlisle
+therefore (for that turn) came to the king by the death of John de
+Kirkby, bishop.  The said bishop, Thomas de Appleby, and John de Rouseby
+brought the case before the court, but they admitted the justice of the
+king’s plea and judgment was given for the king.
+
+We have said that although Walter Mauclerk, as Bishop of Carlisle, bought
+this manor from Ralph de Rhodes, he and his successors were still bound
+to “do suit and service” to Ralph and his heirs, and in the brief summary
+with which this chapter opened we named Roger le Scrope and Margaret his
+wife, with Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife, among those descendants of
+Ralph de Rhodes.  We have fuller mention of them in documents which we
+here quote.  In a Roll of the reign of Edward I., {19c} John, son of
+Gerard de Rhodes, says “Know all, present and future, that I, John, son
+of Gerard, have granted, and by this charter confirmed, to the Lord
+Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife (among other things) the homage and whole
+service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors, for the manor of
+Horncastre, with appurtenances, &c., which Gerard, son of Gerard my
+brother, granted to me, &c., to have and to hold of the Lord the King . .
+. rendering for them annually to me and my heirs £80 sterling.”  While in
+another Roll {20a} of the reign of Richard II., the king states that
+having inspected the above he confirms the grants, not only to the said
+“Robert Tybetot and his wife Eve,” but also “to our very dear and
+faithful Roger le Scrope and Margaret his wife,” recognizing them, it
+would seem, as descendants of the earlier grantee, Gerbald de Escald,
+from whom they all inherited.
+
+Of these personages we may here say that both Tibetots and Le Scrope were
+of high position and influence.  The name of Thebetot, or Tibetot, is
+found in the Battle Abbey Roll, as given by the historians Stow and
+Holinshed; {20b} with a slight variation of name, as Tibtofts, they were
+Lords of Langer, Co. Notts., and afterwards Earls of Worcester. {20c}
+According to the historian, Camden, John Tibtoft was Lord-Lieutenant of
+Ireland under Henry VI., created by him Earl of Worcester, but executed
+for treason. {20d}  His successor, John, was Lord Deputy under Edward IV.
+{20e}  The last of the Tibetots, Robert, died without male issue; his
+three daughters were under the guardianship of Richard le Scrope, who
+married the eldest daughter, Margaret, to his son Roger.  This is the one
+named above in connection with Horncastle.  The Tibetot property of
+Langer, Notts., thus passed to the Le Scropes, and continued in that
+family down to Emanuel, created Earl of Sunderland by Charles I., AD.
+1628. {20f}  Castle Combe in Wiltshire was one of their residences, {20g}
+but their chief seat was Bolton in Richmondshire. {20h}  William le
+Scrope was created Earl of Wiltshire by Richard II., but beheaded when
+that king was dethroned and murdered, in 1399. {20i}  Richard le Scrope
+was Archbishop of York, but condemned by Henry IV. for treason. {20j}
+The name Le Scrope also appears in the Battle Abbey Roll of the
+Conqueror.  Thus in both Tibetots and Scropes Horncastle was connected
+with families who played a considerable part in public life.
+
+In the reign of Edward VI. there was a temporary change in the ownership
+of this manor.  Among the Carlisle Papers is one {20k} by which that king
+grants permission to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, to sell “to our
+very dear and faithful councellor, Edward Fynes, K.G., Lord Clinton and
+Saye, High Admiral of England, the lordship and soke of Horncastre, with
+all rights, appurtenances, &c., to hold to himself, his heirs and assigns
+for ever,” and that he, the said Edward, “can give and grant to the said
+Robert, bishop, an annual rent of £28 6s. 8d.”  We have, however, in this
+case an illustration of the instability even of royal decrees, in that on
+the demise of that worthy prince, to whom the realm and Church of England
+owe so much, his successor, Queen Mary, in the very next year, A.D. 1553,
+cancelled this sale, and a document exists at Carlisle {21a} showing that
+she “granted a licence,” probably in effect compulsory, to the same Lord
+Clinton and Saye, “to alienate his lordship and soke of Horncastle and to
+re-convey it to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle.”
+
+His Lordship would, however, appear to have continued to hold the manor
+on lease under the bishop, and to have acted in a somewhat high-handed
+manner to his spiritual superior, probably under the influence of the
+change in religious sentiment between the reigns of “the bloody Mary,”
+and her sister Elizabeth of glorious memory.  For again we find a
+document {21b} of the reign of the latter, in which the Bishop of
+Carlisle complains to Sir Francis Walsingham, the Queen’s Commissioner,
+of a “book of Horncastle,” which the Earl of Lincoln (the new title of
+Lord Clinton and Saye) had sent to him “to be sealed,” because (he says)
+the earl, by the words of the grant, had taken from him “lands and tithes
+of the yearly value of £28 6s. 8d.,” the exact sum, be it observed, above
+specified as the rent to be paid by Lord Clinton and Saye to the bishop,
+Robert Aldrich.  Of this, he asserts, “the see of Carlisle is seized and
+the earl is not in legal possession by his lease now ‘in esse.’” {21c}
+He wages his suit “the more boldly, because of the extraordinary charges
+he has been at, from the lamentable scarcity in the country, the great
+multitude of poor people, and other charges before he came had made him a
+poor man, and yet he must go on with it . . . the number of them which
+want food to keep their lives in their bodies is so pitiful.  If the Lord
+Warden and he did not charge themselves a great number would die of
+hunger, and some have done so,” dated Rose Castle, 26 May, 1578.
+
+His lordship, however, did one good turn to the town of Horncastle in
+founding the Grammar School, in the 13th year of the reign of Elizabeth,
+A.D. 1571, although (as we shall show in our chapter on the school) this
+was really not strictly a foundation but a re-establishment; as a grammar
+school is known to have existed in the town more than two centuries
+earlier.
+
+We have one more record of Lord Clinton’s connection with the town, from
+which it would appear that the Priory of Bullington, near Wragby, and
+Kirkstead Abbey also had property in Horncastle.  A Carlisle document
+{21d} shows that in the reign of Edward VI. Lord Clinton and Saye
+received a grant of “lands, tenements and hereditaments in Horncastle,
+late in the tenure of Alexander Rose and his assigns, and formerly of the
+dissolved monastery of Bollington; also two tenements, one house, two
+‘lez bark houses’ (Horncastle tanners would seem even then to have
+flourished), one house called ‘le kylne howse,’ one ‘le garthing,’ 14
+terrages of land in the fields of Thornton, with appurtenances lying in
+Horncastle, &c., and once belonging to the monastery of Kyrkestead.”
+
+As in other places the Clinton family seem to have been succeeded by the
+Thymelbys, of these we have several records.  An Escheator’s Inquisition
+of the reign of Henry VIII., {22a} taken by Roger Hilton, at Horncastle,
+Oct. 5, 1512, shewed that “Richard Thymylby, Esquire, was seized of the
+manor of Parish-fee, in Horncastre, held of the Bishop of Carlisle, as of
+his soke of Horncastre, by fealty, and a rent of £7 by the year.”  He was
+also “seized of one messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastre, called
+Fool-thyng, parcel of the said manor of Parish-fee.” {22b}  The said
+Richard died 3 March, 3 Henry VIII. (A.D. 1512).  This was, however, by
+no means the first of this family connected with Horncastle.  Deriving
+their name from the parish of Thimbleby, in the soke of Horncastle, we
+find the first mention of a Thymelby in that parish in a post mortem
+Inquisition of the reign of Edward III., {22c} which shews that Nicholas
+de Thymelby then held land in Thimbleby under the Bishop of Carlisle,
+A.D. 1333; but nearly a century before that date a Lincoln document {22d}
+mentions one Ivo, son of Odo de Thymelby, as holding under the Bishop in
+Horncastle, in the reign of Henry III., A.D. 1248.
+
+Further, in the reign of Edward I., as is shewn by a Harleian MS., in the
+British Museum, {22e} Richard de Thymelby was Dean of Horncastle; Thomas,
+son of the above Nicholas de Thymelby, presented to the benefice of
+Ruckland in 1381, John de Thymelby presented to Tetford in 1388, and John
+again to Somersby in 1394, {22f} and other members of the family
+presented at later periods.  The family continued to advance in wealth
+and position until in the reign of Edward VI. it was found by an
+Inquisition {22g} that Matthew Thymelby, of Poolham (their chief
+residence in this neighbourhood), owned the manor of Thymbleby, that of
+Parish-fee in Horncastle and five others, with lands in eight other
+parishes, and the advowsons of Ruckland, Farforth, Somersby and Tetford.
+He married Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Hussey.  Other influential
+marriages were those of John Thymelby, “Lord of Polum” (Poolham), to
+Isabel, {22h} daughter of Sir John Fflete, Knt. (circa 1409); William
+(probably) to Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys (circa 1432), {22i} a
+connection of the Earl of Angus; Matthew’s widow marrying Sir Robert
+Savile, Knt. {22j}
+
+       [Picture: Plan of Horncastle, 1908—from the Ordnance Survey]
+
+In connection with the marriage of William to Joan Tailboys we may
+mention that the base, all that now remains, of the churchyard cross at
+Tetford bears on its west side the Thimbleby arms “differenced” with
+those of Tailboys, the north side having the Thimbleby arms pure and
+simple. {24a}
+
+Another important marriage was that of Richard Thimbleby (A.D. 1510) to
+Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Godfrey Hilton of Irnham Manor near
+Grantham, through which alliance that property passed to the Thimblebys.
+It had been granted to Ralph Paganel by the Conqueror, afterwards passed
+to Sir Andrew Luterel, Knt., and later to Sir Geoffrey Hilton, Knt.
+Richard Thimbleby built Irnham Hall; he was succeeded by his son and
+heir, Sir John Thimbleby, who thus became the head of the family, which
+has in later times become almost extinct.  This fine mansion, in the
+Tudor style of architecture, standing in a deer park of more than 250
+acres, was destroyed by fire, Nov. 12, 1887, being then owned by W.
+Hervey Woodhouse, Esq., who bought it of Lord Clifford’s son. {24b}
+
+Turning again to the Carlisle documents we find one of the reign of
+Edward III., {24c} giving an agreement made in the King’s Court at
+Westminster (20 Jan., 1353–4), “between Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, plaintiff, and Henry Colvile, knt., and Margaret his wife,
+deforciants,” whereby, among other property, the latter acknowledge that
+certain “messuages, one mill, ten acres of land (_i.e._ arable), two
+pastures, and £7 of rent, with appurtenances, in Horncastre, Thimilby,
+and Bokeland (_i.e._ Woodhall), are of the right of the said Thomas; and
+for this the said Thomas gives to the said Henry and Margaret 200 marks
+of silver.”
+
+Another document of the same reign, {24d} of date 1360–1, states that
+Gilbert de Wilton, Bishop of Carlisle, “gives 60s. for the King’s licence
+to remit to Thomas son of Nicholas de Thymelby, and John his younger
+brother, the service of being Reeve (_i.e._ Bailiff) of the Bishop, and
+other services, which are due from him to the said Bishop for lands and
+tenements held of the said Bishop in Horncastre,” and elsewhere.  Another
+document, {24e} dated a few years later, shews an agreement made at
+Westminster, between Thomas Thymelby and his brother John, on the one
+part, and Frederick de Semerton and Amice his wife, deforciants,
+concerning four tofts, certain land, and £7 of rent, with appurtenances,
+in Horncastre and contiguous parts, by which “the said Frederick and
+Amice acknowledge these (properties) to be of the right of the said
+Thomas and his brother,” and for this Thomas pays them 100 marks of
+silver.  Two other Carlisle documents of considerably later date refer to
+members of this same family of Thymelby, but are chiefly of value as
+introducing to us a new name among Horncastle owners of land.
+
+A Chancery Inquisition {24f} taken at Horncastle, 24 Sept., 1612, shews
+that “John Kent, of Langton, was seized in his manor of Horncastell, with
+the appurtenances, called Parish-fee, and certain messuages, cottages,
+land and meadows in Horncastell (and elsewhere), lately purchased of
+Robert Savile and Richard Thymelby,” and “held under the Bishop of
+Carlisle by fealty,” . . . that “the said John Kent died 19 Sept., 1611,
+and that William Kent, his son, is next heir.”
+
+We have already seen that, about 60 years before, the widow of Matthew
+Thymelby had married Sir Robert Savile; he belonged to an old and
+influential family now represented by Lord Savile of Rufford Abbey,
+Notts., and the Earl of Mexborough, Methley Park, Yorkshire.  By the
+aforesaid marriage the bulk of the Thymelby property passed to the
+Saviles, and like the Thymelbys they had their chief residence, in this
+neighbourhood, at Poolham Hall, owning among many other possessions the
+aforesaid sub-manor of Parish-fee in Horncastle, which, as we have seen,
+was sold by their joint action to John Kent of Langton.  We have already
+had mention of a John Savile who was apparently captain of the “trained
+band” connected with Horncastle in the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1586 (see
+p. 14); Gervase Holles mentions this John Savile as joint lord of
+Somersby with Andrew Gedney, and lord of Tetford in the same reign.
+(_Collectanea_, vol. iii, p. 770).
+
+From another document {25a} it would seem that, some 10 or 11 years
+later, Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile were involved in a more than
+questionable transaction with regard to the property thus transferred.
+Among the Carlisle papers is a Petition in Chancery, of which we here
+give the text, slightly abridged, as it is remarkable, and fittingly
+brings to a close our notices of the Thymelbys in connection with
+Horncastle.
+
+To the Right Honble. Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., Lord Chancellor of England.
+Complainant sheweth, on the oath of your petitioner, Evan Reignolds, of
+St. Catherine’s, Co. Middlesex, gent., and Joan his wife, that, whereas
+Richard Thymelby, some time of Poleham, Co. Lincoln, Esq., deceased, was
+seized of the manors of Poleham, Thimbleby, Horsington, Stixwold,
+Buckland, Horncastle, Edlington (&c.), and tenements in Langton,
+Blankney, Baumber, and in one pasture inclosed for 1000 sheep, called
+Heirick (High-Rig, in Woodhall, near Poolham) pasture, &c., whereof
+Robert Savile was seized for life, conveyed the same to his father-in-law
+Robert Savile . . . the said Richard Thymelby, going up to London,
+negotiated to sell the property to one Richard Gardiner, and for £2,300
+engaged, at his desire, to convey all to John Wooton, the £2,300 was paid
+to Richard Thymelby and bargain settled July 15, 6 Elizabeth (A.D. 1564).
+{25b}  A dispute arose in the following year between Richard Thymelby and
+Robert Savile, which was submitted to arbitrators (Feb. 15, 7 Elizabeth),
+who ordered Richard Thymelby to pay Robert Savile £1,500, and Robert
+Savile should then convey all to Richard Thymelby.  The £1,500 was paid
+and afterwards the two “confederated to defraud the said Richard Gardiner
+and conveyed the said manors to John Kent.”  The judgment of the court is
+not given, but neither of the defendants, surely, cut a very creditable
+figure, and Richard Thymelby, suitably, we must admit, passes from the
+scene.
+
+Of the Saviles we may here give a few more particulars.  Gervase Holles,
+the antiquary, mentions in his _Collectanea_ (vol. iii, p. 770) John
+Savile, Esq., as Lord of the Manor of Tetford, in this neighbourhood, in
+the reign of Elizabeth, and as joint Lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney,
+Esq. (of the latter and his wife there is a very fine sepulchral monument
+in the church of the adjoining parish of Bag Enderby).  The most
+distinguished literary member of the family was Sir Henry Savile, a
+learned mathematician, Fellow and Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and
+Provost of Eton; a munificent patron of learning, founding Professorships
+of Astronomy and Geography at his University; he wrote a _Treatise on
+Roman Warfare_, but his great work was a translation of the writings of
+St. Chrysostom, a monument of industry and learning; he was knighted by
+James I., and his bust is carved in stone in the quadrangle of the
+Bodleian Library at Oxford, among those of other benefactors.  Charles I.
+conferred the Earldom of Sussex on Thomas, Lord Savile of Pontefract.
+Several members of the family were Seneschals, or Stewards, of Wakefield.
+George was created Marquis of Halifax, another was Baron of the
+Exchequer.  The name is given in the Conqueror’s Roll of Battle Abbey
+(A.D. 1066), Hollinshed’s version, as Sent Ville, in Stow’s version as
+Sant Vile, while a Chancery Inquisition (of 18 Henry VII., No. 46,
+_Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1895, p. 17) gives it as Say-vile, and
+on the analogy of Nevill, formerly de Novâ-villâ, we may perhaps assume
+that the original form was de Sanctâ-villâ (or “of the Holy City”); which
+may well have been adopted by one who had made a pilgrimage to
+Canterbury, Rome, or Jerusalem itself.
+
+I should, however, add that a member of the family, Miss Elizabeth J.
+Savile, who has herself dug to the roots of the genealogical tree, gives
+a different version of their origin.  According to her they are descended
+from the Dukes de Savelli, who again trace their lineage from the still
+more ancient Sabella in Italy.  When John Savile, 2nd son of Sir John
+Savile, travelled in Italy in the time of James I., the then Duke de
+Savelli received him as a kinsman.  Of this family were the Popes
+Honorius III. and Honorius IV.  A MS. Visitation in the British Museum
+says “It is conceived, that this family came into England with Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, rather than with the Conqueror, because there are two towns
+of this name on the frontiers of Anjou, both of which were annexed to the
+crown of England when the said Geoffrey married Maud, sole daughter and
+heir of Henry I.”  This is said to have been taken from the Savile
+pedigree in the keeping of Henry Savile of Bowlings, Esq., living in
+1665.  The Saviles of Methley trace their descent, in the male line, from
+this Sir John Savile of Savile Hall.  One branch, the Saviles of
+Thornhill, are now represented in the female line by the Duke of
+Devonshire, and the Savile Foljambes, one of whom is the present Lord
+Hawkesbury.  The Saviles of Copley, now extinct, are represented by the
+Duke of Norfolk, and a younger branch by the Earls of Mexborough.  The
+opinion that they came from Anjou is generally accepted, the authorities
+being _Yorkshire Pedigrees_, _British Museum Visitations_, Gregorovius,
+uno frio, Panvinio, and other chroniclers.
+
+We now proceed to notice the other persons, of more or less repute, who
+were at various periods owners in Horncastle.  In the 3rd year of King
+John we find Gerard de Camville paying fees for land in Horncastle by his
+deputy, Hugo Fitz Richard, to the amount of £836, which was a large sum
+in those days. {26a}  He was sheriff of the county, A.D. 1190, along with
+Hugo. {26b}  The name, however, is more known for the celebrated defence
+of Lincoln Castle by Nicholaia de Camville against the besieging forces
+of King Stephen in 1191, and again in her old age against Henry III.,
+assisted by Louis, Dauphin of France.  An ancestor of William de Camville
+is named in the Battle Abbey Roll, among those Normans who came over with
+the Conqueror.
+
+William de Lizures and Eudo de Bavent are also named as paying similar
+fees, though to smaller amounts.  The de Lizures were a powerful
+Yorkshire family, who inter-married with the De Lacys of Pontefract
+Castle and inherited some of their large estates. {27a}  Among these, one
+was the neighbouring manor of Kirkby-on-Bain, which would seem to have
+passed to the Lady Albreda Lizures; {27b} they probably derived their
+name from the town of Lisieux, near Harfleur in Normandy.  We soon lose
+sight of this family in England, and they seem to have migrated northward
+and to have acquired lands in Scotland.  The name De Lizures is common in
+Scottish Cartularies, for instance in the Cartulary of Kelso, p. 257
+(_Notes & Queries_, series 2, vol. xii, p. 435).  In 1317 William and
+Gregory de Lizures were Lords of Gorton, and held lands near Roslyn
+Castle, Edinburgh (_Genealogie of the Saint Claires of Roslyn_, by Father
+Augustin Hay, re-published Edinburgh, 1835), [_Notes & Queries_, 3rd
+series, vol. i, p. 173].
+
+The De Bavents were also a distinguished family, their connection with
+Horncastle survives in the name of a field in the south of the parish, on
+the Rye farm, which is called “Bavent’s Close.”  A few particulars of
+this family may not be without interest.  The earliest named are Richard
+de Bavent in 1160, {27c} and Eudo de Bavent in 1161, {27d} as holding the
+manor of Mareham-le-Fen, in the extreme south of the Horncastle soke,
+under Henry II., “by service of falconry.” {27e}  Eudo (about 1200) gave
+“to God, the Cathedral, and Chapter of Lincoln,” his lands in the north
+fen of Bilsby. {27f}  The family seem to have gradually increased their
+possessions in this neighbourhood.  In 1290, under Edward I., we find
+Jollan de Bavent holding lands in Billesby and Winceby, as well as
+Mareham. {27g}  In 1319, under Edward II., Robert de Bavent holds his
+land in Billesby of the King by the service of supplying “3 falcons for
+the royal use,” {27h} and, under Edward III., certain trustees of Peter
+de Bavent, by his will, transfer the manor of Mareham to the convent of
+Revesby, to provide a monk who shall daily throughout the year say masses
+“for the souls of the said Peter and Catherine, his wife, for ever.”
+{27i}  Truly “L’ homme propose, et Dieu dispose,” for from this time
+forward we hear little of the Bavents.  They may “call their lands after
+their own names,” “Bavent’s Close” survives, but of the whilom owner we
+can only say, in the words of Coleridge:
+
+    The knight’s bones are dust,
+       And his good sword rust,
+    His soul is with
+       The saints, we trust.
+
+Another family of distinction connected with Horncastle was that of the
+Angevines.  Among the Carlisle documents is one {27j} shewing that a
+trial was held at Horncastle (A.D. 1489–90), in which Sir Robert Dymoke,
+Knt., and William Angevin, Esq., recovered possession of 400 acres of
+land, with tofts and appurtenances, in Horncastle and its soke, from John
+Hodgisson and his wife, John Cracroft, Gervase Clifton (of Clifton) and
+others.  This family probably acquired their name thus: William the
+Conqueror brought to England from Normandy a body of troops called the
+“Angevine auxiliaries” (from the province of Anjou), and their
+descendants were granted lands in various parts of the kingdom.  One
+family especially seems to have adopted this name, which was variously
+spelt as Angevine, Aungelyne, Aungeby, &c.; they settled in various parts
+of this county at an early period, and Horncastle being a royal manor
+they naturally were located in this neighbourhood.  We find traces of
+them at Whaplode in the south, Saltfleetby in the north, and
+Theddlethorpe midway, in the 12th and 14th centuries. {28a}  Among
+Lincoln records is the will of Robert Angevin, Gent., {28b} of Langton by
+Horncastle, dated 25 April, 1545, in which he requests to be buried in
+the Church of St. Margaret (then a much larger edifice than the present);
+he leaves to his son land in Hameringham, and to his widow, for life, and
+his four daughters, lands in Burnsall, Hebden, Conyseat and Norton, in
+the County of York.  His brother, John Angevin, resided at West Ashby,
+then a hamlet of Horncastle.  William Angevin, Gent., of Theddlethorpe
+{28c} is named in the official list of Lincolnshire freeholders made in
+1561, and the name also appears in the Visitation of 1562, but all traces
+of the family disappear before the time of the commonwealth.
+
+The same Carlisle document {28d} mentions Thomas Fitz-William as
+concerned in the said dispute, as being a Horncastle proprietor; while,
+further, another Carlisle document of the time of Henry VIII., shows that
+Thomas Fitz-William, Esq., was seized of one capital messuage, 6 other
+messuages, 4 tofts and 100 acres of land in Horncastle, held of the Prior
+of Carlisle, and John Fitz-William was his heir. {28e}  The Fitz-Williams
+again were a very ancient and distinguished family, the name is found in
+the Battle Abbey Roll of William the Conqueror.  The family claim descent
+from Sir William Fitz-Goderic, cousin of King Edward the Confessor.  His
+son, Sir William Fitz-William, has been said (as the name might imply) to
+have been really a natural son of William the Conqueror himself, {28f}
+but the more generally accepted version is that Fitz-Goderic was his
+father.  Sir William Fitz-William accompanied the Duke of Normandy to
+England as Marshal of his army, and for his bravery at the battle of
+Hastings the Conqueror gave him a scarf from his own arm.  A descendant,
+in the reign of Elizabeth, was thrice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; he was
+also Governor of Fotheringhay Castle when the unfortunate Queen Mary of
+Scotland was imprisoned there, and before she was beheaded she gave him a
+portrait of herself, which is still preserved at Milton House, near
+Peterborough, one of the seats of the Earls Fitz-William, who now
+represent the family, Baron of Milton being their second title.  A Patent
+of Edward IV. (A.D. 1461) {28g} shows that Richard Fitz-William had the
+privilege granted to him by that King of “free warren” at Ulceby, near
+Alford.
+
+An Inquisition in the reign of Henry VII. {29a} (A.D. 1502) shows that
+Thomas Fitz-William held the manors of Mavis Enderby, Maidenwell and
+Mablethorpe.  The list of magistrates for the county in the reign of
+Henry VIII. {29b} contains the name of George Fitz-William along with
+Lionel Dymoke, Lord Willoughby, and others; while an Inquisition held
+five years later {29c} shews that Thomas Fitz-William held the
+aforementioned manor of Ulceby, by the “service of 1 falcon annually to
+the King.”  Sir William Fitz-William in the same reign {29d} was Lord
+High Admiral.  John Fitz-William is named in the Herald’s list of county
+gentry in the 16th century as residing at Skidbrook, a hamlet of
+Saltfleet Haven, {29e} and William Fitz-William, Esq., supplied “one
+lance and two light horse” when the Spanish Armada was expected to invade
+England, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. {29f}  William Fitz-William of
+Mablethorpe {29g} married, in 1536, Elizabeth daughter of Sir Robert
+Tyrwhitt, of Kettlethorpe, a member of a very old Lincolnshire family,
+still owning property in this neighbourhood; and in 1644 Sir William
+Wentworth, {29h} a scion of a younger branch, married Elizabeth, daughter
+and co-heir of Thomas Savile, of Wakefield, whose family we have already
+mentioned as connected with Horncastle.
+
+In 1620 the head of the Fitz-William family was created an Irish Peer; in
+1742 the 3rd Baron was made Baron Milton in the peerage of Great Britain;
+and, 4 years later, Earl Fitz-William.  In 1782, on the death of his
+uncle, the last Marquis of Rockingham, the Earl of that day succeeded to
+the Yorkshire and Northamptonshire estates of the Wentworths, and in 1807
+they took the name of Wentworth as an affix.  In the early part of the
+19th century the name became again connected with Horncastle, when Earl
+Fitz-William, grandfather of the present Earl, hunted the local pack of
+foxhounds, which were kept in Horncastle, in what is still called
+Dog-kennel Yard, at the back of St. Lawrence Street.  An old friend,
+formerly practicing as a Doctor in Horncastle, but lately deceased, has
+told the writer that he remembered seeing the Earl’s hounds breaking
+cover from Whitehall Wood, in the parish of Martin.
+
+There is one more Carlisle document deserving of quotation as it is of a
+peculiar nature.  A Patent Roll of the reign of Elizabeth, {29i} A.D.
+1577, records that a “pardon” was granted to “Sir Thomas Cecil, Knt., for
+acquiring the manor of Langton (by Horncastle) with appurtenances, and 30
+messuages, 20 cottages, 40 tofts, 4 dove-cotes, 40 gardens, 30 orchards,
+1,400 acres of (cultivated) land, 100 acres of wood, 100 acres of furze
+and heath, 200 acres of marsh, 40s. of rent, and common pasture, with
+appurtenances, in Horncastle, Thimbleby, Martin, Thornton and Woodhall,
+from Philip Tylney, Esq., by fine levied without licence.”  This was a
+somewhat extensive acquisition.  We have already recorded a more than
+questionable transaction in the transfer of land by Richard Thymelby and
+Robert Savile, A.D. 1564, and this transaction of Sir Thomas Cecil, 13
+years later, seems also to have been in some way irregular, since it
+needed the royal “pardon.”
+
+There is nothing to show who this Philip Tylney was, who acted on this
+occasion as vendor, but Sir Thomas Cecil was the son of the great Lord
+Treasurer Burghley, who was Secretary of State under Edward VI., and for
+40 years guided the Councils of Queen Elizabeth.  Sir Thomas himself was
+a high official under Elizabeth and King James I.; he was knighted in
+1575, received the Order of the Garter in 1601; under James I. he was
+made Privy Councillor, and having succeeded his father as Baron Burghley,
+was created by James Earl of Exeter.  His brother Sir Robert also held
+high office and was made in 1603 Baron Cecil, in 1604 Viscount
+Cranbourne, in 1605 Earl of Salisbury.  Thomas Cecil died Feb. 7, 1622,
+aged 80, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.  He married 1st Dorothy,
+daughter of John Nevil, Lord Latimer, and 2nd, Frances, daughter of Lord
+Chandos.  He was, doubtless, a man of large ideas and great ambition, his
+royal mistress was herself Lady of the manor of Horncastle, and
+Horncastle having thus been brought under his notice, he may have been
+too grasping in compassing his purposes.  The Revesby Charters {30a} show
+that he purchased that estate in 1575.
+
+We may add that the Cecils were descended from an ancient family located
+in Wales soon after the Norman Conquest, and acquired large possessions
+in the reign of King Rufus; the 14th in descent was David Cecil of
+Stamford, Sergeant at Arms to King Henry VIII., he was grandfather to the
+1st Lord Burghley. {30b}  The present representatives of this old family
+are the Marquis of Exeter of Burghley House, Stamford, and the Marquis of
+Salisbury of Hatfield House, Herts.
+
+We have now reached the end of a somewhat lengthy series of owners
+formerly connected with Horncastle, its manor, and its soke, bringing us
+down to the early part of the 17th century, and we think that few towns,
+of its size, could show such a record of distinguished names.  The
+information available as to more recent periods is more meagre.  The
+Bishops of Carlisle continued to hold the manor down to the year 1856,
+and various parties held leases of it under them, they themselves
+residing here from time to time, {30c} until the episcopal palace was
+demolished in 1770, when the present Manor House was erected on its site.
+
+We have already stated that Queen Elizabeth leased the manor from the
+Bishop of Carlisle of that date, she was succeeded in the lease by King
+James I., who transferred it to Sir Henry Clinton, but owing to a legal
+error in that transaction, it proved void.  One of the said Bishops in
+the next reign was Dr. Robert Snowden, whose family were located in this
+neighbourhood, his son being Vicar of Horncastle.  Abigail Snowden
+married Edward, son of Sir Edward Dymoke, Knt., in 1654, and Jane Snowden
+married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby Court; the former belonged to
+the, so called, Tetford branch of the Dymokes, who have of late years
+also succeeded to the Scrivelsby property.  Bishop Robert Snowden granted
+a lease of the Horncastle manor to his kinsman, Rutland Snowden, and his
+assignees for three lives; but this would appear to have been afterwards
+cancelled, owing to the “delinquency” of the first grantee. {31a}  The
+name of this Rutland Snowden appears in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry
+who were entitled to bear arms, at the Herald’s Visitation of 1634. {31b}
+
+A break in the continuity of the sub-tenure of the manor here occurs, but
+not of long duration.  The family of Banks are next found holding the
+lease, under the said bishops; the most distinguished of them being Sir
+Joseph Banks, the eminent naturalist, and patron of science in almost
+every form; who visited Newfoundland in pursuit of his favourite study;
+accompanied Captain Cook in his voyage to the South Seas; visited Iceland
+with Dr. Solander, the pupil of Linnæus; made large natural history and
+antiquarian collections; {31c} became President of the Royal Society; and
+was largely instrumental in forming the schemes for the drainage and
+inclosure of the fens; and other works of public utility.  His family
+acquired the Revesby Abbey estates in 1714, and were closely connected
+with Horncastle for more than a century, as he died in 1820.
+
+One of his ancestors, also Joseph, was M.P. for Grimsby and Totnes;
+another, also Joseph, had a daughter, Eleonora, who married the Honble.
+Henry Grenville, and was mother of the Countess Stanhope.  Through this
+last connection, on the demise of Sir Joseph, the leased manor passed, as
+the nearest male relative, to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope,
+who served in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo.  He died three years
+later, in 1823, and was succeeded by the late James Banks Stanhope, Esq.,
+then a minor, and afterwards M.P. for North Lincolnshire; who, some years
+ago, transferred all his manorial rights to the Right Honble. Edward
+Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th Earl Stanhope, and M.P. for the Horncastle
+Division.  He died 22 December, 1898, and his widow, the Honble. Mrs.
+Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, became Lady of the Manor; this, on her decease
+in 1907 reverting to the family of the Earl Stanhope, of Chevening Park,
+Sevenoaks, Kent, in the person of his son, the Honble. Richard Stanhope,
+now residing at Revesby Abbey.
+
+In 1856 the manoral rights of the Bishops of Carlisle were transferred to
+the See of Lincoln, and the Bishop of Lincoln is now _ex officio_ Patron
+of the Benefice.  The head of the Stanhope family is still the chief
+owner of property in Horncastle; other owners being the Vicar with 92
+acres, the representatives of the late Sigismund Trafford Southwell with
+67 acres, representatives of the late W. B. Walter (now Majer Traves)
+with 58 acres; while Coningtons, Clitherows, Rev. Richard Ward, and about
+100 other proprietors hold smaller portions.  We have mentioned the
+influence of Sir Joseph Banks in the drainage and enclosure of the fens,
+and on the completion of that important work in Wildmore Fen, in 1813,
+some 600 acres were added to the soke of Horncastle, about 80 acres being
+assigned to the manor, while the glebe of the Vicar was increased so that
+it now comprises 370 acres.
+
+We conclude this chapter with another record of the past, which should
+not be omitted.  It is somewhat remarkable that although Horncastle has
+been connected with so many personages of distinction as proprietors, and
+for about 600 years (as already shewn) with royalty itself, as an
+appanage of the crown, it has only once been visited by royalty in
+person.  History tells {32a} that “on Sep. 12, 1406, Henry IV. made a
+royal procession” from this town (probably coming hither from Bolingbroke
+Castle, his birthplace), “with a great and honourable company, to the
+Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot and monks came out, in ecclesiastical
+state, to meet him,” and he was royally entertained by them.  We may
+perhaps assume that as his father, John of Gaunt, had a palace at
+Lincoln, {32b} he was on his way thither, where also his half brother,
+Henry Beaufort, had been Bishop, but was promoted two years before this
+to the See of Winchester.
+
+The nearest approach to another royal visit was that of the Protector,
+Oliver Cromwell, which however was of a private character.  Although
+historians do not generally relate it, it is locally understood that,
+after the Battle of Winceby, on Oct. 11, 1643, Cromwell personally came
+to Horncastle to see that proper honours were paid, by the churchwarden,
+Mr. Hamerton, to the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, slain on that eventful
+day in single combat with Cromwell himself, who pronounced him to be “a
+brave gentleman,” he having, indeed, first unhorsed Cromwell.  This visit
+would seem to be further proved by the fact that a man, named John
+Barber, died in Horncastle, aged 95, A.D. 1855 (or 1856), whose
+grandfather remembered Cromwell, on that occasion, sleeping in the house
+now called Cromwell House, in West Street (or rather an older house on
+the same site); while in the parish register of West Barkwith there is an
+entry of the burial of Nicholas Vickers, in 1719, with the additional
+note that he “guided Cromwell over Market Rasen Moor,” in his journey
+northward after the battle.  He may well, therefore, have taken
+Horncastle on his way.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+Having, so far, dealt with the more or less conjectural, prehistoric
+period of Horncastle’s existence in Chapter I, and with the Manor and its
+ownership in Chapter II, we now proceed to give an account of the town’s
+institutions, its buildings, and so forth.  Among these the Parish
+Church, naturally, claims precedence.
+
+
+
+ST.  MARY’S CHURCH.
+
+
+This is probably not the original parish church.  There is no mention of
+a church in _Domesday Book_, and although this is not quite conclusive
+evidence, it is likely that no church existed at that date (circa 1085
+A.D.); but in Testa de Nevill (temp. Richard I.) we find “Ecclesia de
+Horncastre,” named with those of (West) Ashby, High Toynton, Mareham
+(-on-the-Hill), and (Wood) Enderby, as being in the gift of the King;
+{33a} while at an Inquisition post mortem, taken at Horncastle, 8 Richard
+II., No. 99, {33b} the Jurors say that “the Lord King Edward (I.), son of
+King Henry (III.), gave to Gilbert, Prior of the alien Priory of
+Wyllesforth, and his successors, 2 messuages, and 6 oxgangs (90 acres) of
+land, and the site of the Chapel of St. Laurence, with the appurtenances,
+in Horncastre,” on condition that they find a fit chaplain to celebrate
+mass in the said chapel three days in every week “for the souls of the
+progenitors of the said King, and his successors, for ever.”  This chapel
+probably stood near the street running northwards from the Market Place,
+now called St. Lawrence Street, though, a few years ago, it was commonly
+called “Pudding Lane.”  It is said to have formerly been a main street
+and at the head of it stood the Market Cross.  Bodies have at various
+times been found interred near this street, indicating the vicinity of a
+place of worship, and, when a block of houses were removed in 1892, by
+the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, Lord of the Manor, to enlarge the Market
+Place, several fragments of Norman pillars were found, which, doubtless,
+once belonged to the Norman Chapel of St. Lawrence. {34}
+
+The date of St. Mary’s Church, as indicated by the oldest part of it, the
+lower portion of the tower, is early in the 13th century.  “It is a good
+example of a town church of the second class (as said the late Precentor
+Venables, who was a good judge) in no way, indeed, rivalling such
+churches as those of Boston, Louth, Spalding or Grantham; nay even many a
+Lincolnshire village has a finer edifice, but the general effect, after
+various improvements, is, to say the least, pleasing, and it has its
+interesting features.  The plan of the church (he says) is normal; it
+consists of nave, with north and south aisles; chancel, with south aisle
+and north chantry, the modern vestry being eastward of this; a plain low
+tower, crowned with wooden spirelet and covered with lead.  Taking these
+in detail: the tower has two lancet windows in the lower part of the west
+wall, above these a small debased window, and again, above this, a
+two-light window of the Decorated style, similar windows on the north and
+south sides, and at the top an embattled Perpendicular parapet.  The
+tower opens on the nave with a lofty arch, having pilaster buttresses,
+which terminate above the uppermost of two strings; the base is raised
+above the nave by three steps, the font being on a projection of the
+first step.  This lower portion of the tower is the oldest part of the
+church, dating from the Early English period.  The chamber where the
+bells are hung is, by the modern arrangement, above this lower
+compartment, and is approached by a winding staircase built on the
+outside of the southern wall, a slight disfigurement.”
+
+There are six bells, with the following inscriptions:—
+
+(1)  Lectum fuge.  Discute somnum.  G. S. T. W. H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.
+
+(2)  In templo venerare Deum.  H. Penn nos fudit.  Cornucastri.
+
+(3)  Supplicem Deus audit.  Daniel Hedderley cast me.  1727.
+
+(4) Tho. Osborn fecit.  Downham, Norfolk. 1801.  Tho. Bryan and D. Brown,
+Churchwardens.
+
+(5)  Dum spiras, spera.  H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.  Tho. et Sam. Hamerton
+Aeditivi.
+
+(6)  Exeat e busto.  Auspice Christo.  Tho. Loddington, LL.D., Vicar H P.
+1717.
+
+Near the south Priest’s door, in the chancel, a bell, about 1 ft. in
+height, stands on the floor, unused; this was the bell of a former clock
+in the tower.  The “Pancake Bell” is rung on Shrove Tuesday, at 10 a.m.;
+the Curfew at 8 p.m., from Oct. 11 to April 6, except Saturdays, at 7
+p.m., and omitting from St. Thomas’s Day to Plough Monday.  The “Grammar
+School Bell” used to be rung daily, Sundays excepted, at 7 a.m., but of
+late years this has been discontinued, the Governors refusing to pay for
+it.
+
+The fabric of the nave is of the Decorated style, though modern in date,
+with Perpendicular clerestory, having five three-light windows, on the
+north and south sides.  The arcades are of four bays, with chamfered
+equilateral arches, springing from shafted piers; the capitals of the two
+central ones being ornamented with foliage of a decorated character; the
+others being plain.  Each aisle has three three-light windows, of
+decorated style, in the side wall, and a fourth at the west end; these
+are modern, the north aisle having been re-built in 1820 and the south
+aisle in 1821.  There are north and south porches.
+
+The chancel arch is modern, the carving of its caps being very delicate.
+On the north side the outline of the doorway, formerly leading to the
+rood loft, is still visible, and below, on the west side of the chancel
+wall, is a well-carved statue bracket of floriated character, which was
+transferred from the chancel, and on the south side a still older one,
+much plainer.
+
+                       [Picture: St. Mary’s Church]
+
+The east window of the chancel is said to be an enlarged copy of the east
+window of the neighbouring Haltham Church.  It has five lights, with
+flamboyant tracery above, and is filled with rich coloured glass, by
+Heaton, Butler & Bayne; the subjects being, on the north side, above “The
+Annunciation,” below “The Nativity;” 2nd light, above “The Adoration,”
+below “The Flight into Egypt;” central light, above “The Crucifixion,”
+below “The Entombment;” next light, on south, above “Women at the
+Sepulchre;” below “Feed my Lambs;” southernmost light, above “The
+Ascension,” below “Pentecost.”  In the upper tracery are “Censing Angels”
+and “Instruments of the Passion.”  This window cost about £280 and is
+dedicated to the memory of the late Vicar, Prebendary W. H. Milner, who
+was largely instrumental in the restoration of the church, in 1861, and
+died Oct. 3, 1868.  In that restoration the architect was the late Mr.
+Ewan Christian, and the contractors for the work Messrs. Lea & Ashton of
+Retford.  The cost of the restoration of the chancel was defrayed by J.
+Banks Stanhope, Esq., as Lord of the Manor and Lay Rector, the rest being
+done by subscriptions amounting to about £4,000.
+
+The present organ was originally designed by Mr. John Tunstall, and built
+by Messrs. Gray & Davidson, of London, at a cost of about £400.  As
+re-constructed by Mr. Nicholson, of Lincoln, it contains 3 manuals, a
+fine pedal organ with 45 stops, and more than 2,500 pipes.  It cost more
+than £2,000, £1,350 of which was contributed by the late Henry James
+Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, Horncastle.  At a later date a trumpet
+was added, costing £120, the result being probably as fine an instrument
+as any in the county.  For many years the organist was Mr. William
+Wakelin, whose musical talent was universally acknowledged; on his
+unfortunate sudden death, on March 1st, 1908, he was succeeded by Mr.
+Hughes, recently Assistant Organist of Ely Cathedral.
+
+Beneath the east window is a handsome carved Reredos of Caen stone,
+somewhat heavy in style, having five panels, two on each side containing
+figures of the four evangelists, the central subject being “The Agony in
+the Garden.”  In this the figure of the Saviour is exquisitely designed;
+below are the three sleeping disciples, while above are two ministering
+angels, one holding a crown of thorns, the other the “cup of bitterness.”
+The panels have richly crocketed canopies, the central one being
+surmounted by a floriated cross.  They are filled with diaper work, and
+the supporting pilasters are of various-coloured Irish marbles.  The
+whole was designed by C. E. Giles, Esq., cousin of the late Vicar,
+Prebendary Robert Giles.
+
+In the jamb, south of the Communion Table, is a Piscina; in the north
+wall a square aumbrey and a curious iron-barred opening, which was
+probably a Hagioscope for the Chantry behind.  The present Vestry in the
+north-east corner is modern, built on the site where there was formerly a
+coalhouse, and, at a later date, a shed for the town fire-engine.
+
+The Chancel has an arcade of three bays on the south side, filled with
+good 14th century carved oak screen work, separating it from the
+south-side chapel, said to have been anciently called “The Corpus Christi
+Chapel,” and has two bays on the north, the easternmost being occupied by
+the organ, separating it from St. Catherine’s Chantry; {36} the other
+having similar screen work.  In the south wall of the chancel are a
+Priest’s door and three four-light Perpendicular windows, with a fourth
+in the east wall.  Gervase Holles states that he saw in this south-east
+window figures of St. Ninian, with lock and chain, and of Saints
+Crispinus and Crispinianus with their shoe-making tools. {37a}  It is
+probable, therefore, that the old glass of the window was supplied by a
+shoemaker’s guild.  The window is now filled with good coloured glass by
+Heaton, Butler & Bayne, dedicated to the memory of the late Vicar, Rev.
+Arthur Scrivenor, who died 27 August, 1882, aged 51 years.  It is of
+peculiar design, the subjects being chosen to represent his life of
+self-denying labour.  There are four lights with eight subjects taken
+from St. Matthew’s Gospel, arranged in two tiers, as follows—(1) “Come ye
+blessed of my Father;” (2) “I was an hungred and ye gave me meat;” (3) “I
+was thirsty and ye gave me drink;” (4) “I was a stranger, and ye took me
+in;” (5) “Naked, and ye clothed me;” (6) “I was sick, and ye visited me;”
+(7) “I was in prison, and ye came unto me;” (8) “These shall go into life
+eternal.”  There are eight compartments in the upper tracery, containing
+the emblems of the four evangelists, and two angels, and the Alpha and
+Omega.
+
+In the north chancel wall are a Priest’s door, two five-light windows,
+and one of three lights, with, at the east end, a two-light window, all
+modern.  Here, externally, the parapet of St. Catherine’s Chantry is
+embattled and enriched with panel work, and rises above the level of the
+rest of the wall.  The clerestory of the chancel has six three-light
+windows on the south side, and five on the north.  The easternmost on the
+north was inserted and made larger than the others in 1861, and, at a
+later date, was filled with good coloured glass by Heaton, Butler &
+Bayne, as a public memorial “To the glory of God, and in memory of
+Barnard James Boulton, M.D., who died March 15 1875.”  He was an active
+member of the restoration committee in 1861.  The subjects are, in the
+western light, “The cleansing of the leper” in the centre, “Letting down
+the paralytic through the roof,” in the eastern light, “The healing of
+blind Bartimæus.”
+
+In the nave the second window from the west end of the south clerestory
+is a memorial of the late Mr. W Rayson, builder, filled with good
+coloured glass.  In the south aisle of the nave, the easternmost window
+is a good specimen of coloured glass by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, erected
+by public subscription in January, 1901, “To the glory of God, and in
+grateful commemoration of the 18 years’ ministry of Canon E. F.
+Quarrington,” who resigned the Vicarage in 1900.  The cost of this window
+was about £80, the subject is “The Sermon on the Mount.”  The Saviour is
+represented as addressing the people, grouped around Him, of all classes,
+soldiers, Pharisees, disciples, travellers, young men, women, and
+children, with the city in the background.  In the tracery above are
+angels, with rich ruby wings, in attitudes of adoration.
+
+The window next to this is filled with coloured glass, by Clayton & Bell,
+to the memory of Mrs. Salome Fox.  In the upper tracery are the Alpha and
+Omega, with the date of erection “Anno Dm’ni MDCCCXCVII.”  In the central
+light below is the risen Saviour, seated on a throne, holding the emblem
+of sovereignty, with the inscription over His shoulders “Because I live
+ye shall live also.”  In each side light are three angels in adoration.
+An inscription runs across the three lights, “I am he that liveth and was
+dead, and, behold, I am alive for evermore.”  Beneath are three square
+compartments, representing (1) three women, (2) three soldiers, (3) the
+apostles SS. John and Peter at the sepulchre, with the inscription “Who
+shall roll us away the stone from the door of the sepulchre?” and again,
+below all, “To the glory of God, and in loving memory of Salome Fox, who
+died June 26, 1883, aged 65.”  This cost about £85.
+
+The window at the west end of this aisle, by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, was
+filled with coloured glass, by the late Mr. Henry Boulton, in memory of
+his first wife, being partly paid for by a surplus of £40 remaining from
+what was collected for the chancel east window, and the rest (about £40
+more) by Mr. Boulton himself.  The subject is the Saviour’s baptism in
+the Jordan.
+
+In the north aisle of the nave, the easternmost window was erected in
+1902, at a cost of £98, from a bequest of the late Mr. Charles Dee, as a
+memorial of his friend the late Mr. Robert Clitherow.  The subject is
+“The good Samaritan,” who, in the central light, is relieving the wounded
+wayfarer; while, in the side lights, the Priest and Levite are
+represented as passing him by.  In the two upper quatrefoils are angels
+holding scrolls, with the inscriptions (1) “Let your light so shine
+before men,” (2) “That they may see your good works.”  An inscription
+runs across the three lights, “Blessed is he that provideth for the sick
+and needy, the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble;” and, below
+all, “To the glory of God, and in memory of Robert Clitherow, a truly
+Christian gentleman, by his faithful servant.” {38}  The artists were
+Messrs. Clayton & Bell.
+
+The next window to this, also by Messrs. Clayton & Bell, is considered
+the best specimen of coloured glass in the church.  It was erected by
+public subscription, largely through the exertions of the late Mrs.
+Terrot, then of Wispington Vicarage, near Horncastle, her husband, the
+Rev. Charles Pratt Terrot, a clever artist and learned antiquary,
+supplying the design.  It is inscribed “To the glory of God, and in
+memory of Frederick Harwood, formerly churchwarden, who died March 12,
+1874, aged 51 years.”  Mr. Harwood was an indefatigable church worker,
+and died suddenly, after attending a Lent service, when he occupied his
+usual seat, near this window.  It is of three lights, the subjects being
+six, (1) the centre light illustrates “Charity;” a female figure above,
+holding one child in her arms and leading others; while below is “Joseph
+in Egypt, receiving his father, Jacob.”  (2) The west light illustrates
+“Faith,” a female above, holding a cross and bible, and below “Abraham
+offering his son Isaac.”  (3) The east light illustrates “Hope,” a female
+above, leaning upon an anchor, and below “Daniel in the den of lions.”
+The grouping of the subjects and arrangement of the canopies are
+admirable.
+
+The west window in the same aisle contains a handsome memorial, by
+Preedy, of the late Vicar, Prebendary Robert Giles.  It is of three
+lights, the subjects being from St. Peter’s life: (1) the south light
+shewing “The net cast into the sea,” “Depart from me, &c.”; (2) the
+central light, Peter’s commendation by the Saviour, “Thou art Peter,
+&c.”; and (3) the north light, Peter’s release from prison, “Arise up
+quickly, &c.”  The tabernacle and canopy work are good.  The cost of this
+was about £140.  Mr. Giles succeeded Prebendary Milner, as Vicar, and
+died 12 July, 1872.
+
+The two lancet windows in the lower part of the west wall of the tower,
+which were enlarged at the restoration, are filled with good coloured
+glass.  They bear no inscriptions but are memorials of deceased younger
+members of the families of the late Dr. B. J. Boulton, and of the late
+Mr. Richard Nicholson.  The southern one represents “The Good Shepherd,”
+carrying a lamb in his arms; the northern, “Suffer the little children to
+come unto me,” shewing the Saviour receiving little children into his
+arms.  Within the tower is also placed a List of Benefactors of the town;
+also a frame containing the Decalogue, supported by two painted figures,
+life-size, representing Aaron with his censer, and Moses with his rod; on
+one side of this is the Lord’s Prayer, on the other the Apostles’ Creed.
+{39a}
+
+The roof of the nave, for some years hidden by a flat whitewashed
+ceiling, is of Spanish chestnut, with finely carved figures of angels,
+which support the intermediate principals.  In front of the tower arch
+stands the Font, of caen stone, on octagonal base; the bowl has 8
+elaborately carved panels, in three of which are engraved, on scrolls,
+the words “One Lord,” “One Faith,” “One Baptism.” {39b}  The Pulpit, at
+the north-east corner of the nave, is also of Caen stone, in similar
+style, with four decorated panels, having, beneath the cornice, the
+inscription “He that hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully;” the
+book-rest is supported by the figure of an angel, with outspread wings.
+The Reading Desk, on the opposite side, consists of open tracery work,
+carved in modern oak.  The Lectern, an eagle of brass, was presented, in
+1901, by the Misses Walter, in memory of their father, Mr. Joseph Walter,
+for many years church warden. {39c}  The seats in the chancel have
+handsomely carved poppy heads, and are placed east and west, instead of,
+as formerly, north and south, facing west.
+
+On the south side of the chancel arch, in the west face of the wall, is a
+small stone, bearing the names of “Thomas Gibson, Vicar.  John Hamerton
+and John Goake, Churchwardens, 1675.”  On the south wall of the chancel
+south chapel is also an illuminated sheet of iron bearing the following
+inscription to the same Vicar:—“Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Mr.
+Thos. Gibson, A.M., 44 years Vicar of this parish.  He lived in such
+times when Truth to the Church, and Loyalty to the King met with
+punishment due to the worst of crimes.  He was by the rebellious powers
+carried away prisoner four times from the garrison of Newark for a
+dissenting teacher, afterwards sequestrated, and his family driven out,
+by the Earl of Manchester.  He survived the Restoration, and was brought
+back at the head of several hundreds of his friends, and made a
+Prebendary in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln.  As his enemies never
+forgave his zeal to the Church and Crown, so nothing but the height of
+Christian charity could forgive the insults he met with from them.  He
+died April 22, 1678.” {40a}  Above this is a shield, containing three
+storks, proper, on an argent field; and with a stork, as crest.
+
+On the north clerestory wall of the nave are tablets in memory of Jane,
+wife of Thomas Taylor, to the east; in the centre to Thomas Taylor,
+Surgeon, and Margaret his wife, to Mary Anne, wife of Thomas Hardy
+Taylor; and to the west of these, to Anne, wife of Erasmus Middleton, to
+Erasmus Middleton, and to their daughter, Grace, wife of James Weir, and
+to James Weir, who died Dec. 15, 1822.  On the south clerestory wall,
+westward, is a tablet to the memory of Thomas Bryan, Hannah his wife, and
+their son Edward, all interred at Scrivelsby; another, to the east, is in
+memory of Edward Harrison, M.D., his wife, and his brother, erected by
+his nephew.
+
+In the north aisle of the chancel is a modern, canvas, lozenge-shaped,
+framed copy of an older memorial, formerly painted on the south wall, on
+which are depicted the arms of Sir Ingram Hopton, with this
+inscription:—“Here lieth the worthy and memorable Knight, Sir Ingram
+Hopton, who paid his debt to nature, and duty to his King and country, in
+the attempt of seizing the arch rebel (Cromwell) in the bloody skirmish
+near Winceby, Oct. 6, 1643.” {40b}  The motto is Horatian (the first
+lines from Odes iii., xiv., 14–16; the other two from Odes iv., ix.,
+29–30).
+
+             Nec tumultum,
+    Nec mori per vim, metuit, tenente
+       Cæsare terras.
+    Paulum sepultæ distat inertiæ,
+       Celata virtus.
+
+Close to this, and above the arch leading into the nave, are a number of
+scythes, some with straight wooden handles, attached to the wall, which
+are said to have been used at the Winceby fight. {41a}
+
+On the wall of the north aisle, nearest the archway into the chancel, on
+a small slab of Purbeck marble, is a brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, kneeling
+on a cushion; on either side were formerly small shields displaying the
+arms of Dymoke, Waterton, Marmyon, Hebden and Haydon; {41b} and on small
+brasses were the figures of two sons and three daughters.  Parts of these
+are now lost.  The figure of Sir Lionel is in the attitude of prayer,
+from his left elbow issues a scroll with the inscription “S’cta Trinitas,
+unus Deus, miserere nob.”  Beneath is another inscription, “In Honore
+s’cte et individue trinitatis.  Orate pro a’i’a Leonis Dymoke, milit’ q’
+obijt xvij die me’se Augusti, A° D’ni M° cccccxix.  Cuj’ a’i’e p’ piciet,
+de.’  Amen.”  Below this monument, in the pavement, is a brass, now
+mutilated, of the same Sir Lionel Dymoke, wrapped in a shroud, with two
+scrolls issuing from the head, the lettering of which is now effaced.
+Beneath is an inscription also now obliterated, but which Mr. Weir gives
+as follows:—
+
+    Leonis fossa nunc hæc Dymoke capit ossa.
+    Miles erat Regis, cui parce Deus prece Matris,
+    Es testis Christe, quod non jacet hic lapis iste,
+    Corpus ut ornetur, sed spiritus ut memoretur.
+    Hinc tu qui transis, senex, medius, puer, an sis,
+    Pro me funde preces, quia sic mihi sit venie spes.
+
+The actual suit of armour worn by this Sir Lionel Dymoke was formerly in
+the church, since in the evidence taken after the “Lincolnshire Rising,”
+in 1536, it was shewn that “one Philip Trotter, of Horncastle,” took it
+from the church, and himself wore it, while carrying the standard at the
+head of the insurgents (State Papers Domestic, Henry VIII., vol. xi, No.
+967) {42a}
+
+       [Picture: Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary’s Church]
+
+In the Harleian MS. in the British Museum, among his “Lincolnshire Church
+Notes,” Gervase Holles (circa 1640) mentions several other arms and
+inscriptions, as then existing, which are now lost. {42b}
+
+In the pavement of the former vestry, in the south chancel aisle, is a
+slab with the inscription running round it, “Here lyethe the boyddes of
+Thomas Raithbeck & Arne his wyf, ye founders of the Beid hous.  Departed
+thys world, in ye fayth of Christ, ye last day of October, in ye yere of
+our Lord, MDLXXV.”  In the pavement at the east end of the south aisle of
+nave is a slab bearing the names of William Hamerton and his wife
+Elizabeth, and westward of this another slab, in memory of “Sarah
+Sellwood, wife of Henry Sellwood, Esq., {42c} who died Sep 30, 1816, aged
+28 years.”  The late Poet Laureate, Alfred, afterwards Lord Tennyson,
+married Mr. Sellwood’s daughter Emily Sarah, the marriage being
+solemnised at Shiplake after the family had left Horncastle.  The
+Laureate’s elder brother, Charles Tennyson, married another daughter,
+Louisa, afterwards taking the additional name of Turner.  He held the
+vicarage of Grasby near Caistor.
+
+Other monuments are, on the wall of the south aisle, a tablet inscribed
+“To the memory of Elizabeth Kelham, only surviving child of Richard
+Kelham, Rector of Coningsby.  She was pious, virtuous, and charitable,
+and died 26 Feb., 1780, aged 58.  Reader, imitate her example.  Erected
+by Robert Kelham, her nephew, as a grateful acknowledgment of her regard
+towards him.”  On the north wall of the chancel is a marble tablet in
+memory of “George Heald, Armiger, e Consultis Domini Regis, in Curiâ
+Cancellariâ.  Obiit 18 May, 1834.”  Inscriptions below are to his wife
+and daughter.  Another tablet, of black marble, records the death of
+Elizabeth, first wife of the Rev. John Fretwell, Curate, Dec. 4, 1784,
+and of his son, Matthew Harold, Sept. 11, 1786. {44a}  Another tablet is
+in memory of “Clement Madeley, DD., 42 years Vicar, who died Good-Friday,
+1845, aged 73;” also of his wife Martha, who died 1807, and of his son
+Houghton, who died 1838, erected by his daughter, M. A. Dymoke, {44b}
+wife of Rev. John Dymoke, Champion.
+
+In a glass covered case in the north aisle of the chancel are three
+volumes of Foxe’s _Book of Martyrs_, 1632 edition, these were formerly
+chained to a desk, and parts of the chains remain.  They were given by
+Nicolas Shipley, gentleman, in 1696, who also presented a brass
+chandelier of 24 sockets; he was among the benefactors to the poor of the
+town.  The present glass case and desk on which the case rests, were
+given by the late Vicar, the Rev. A. Scrivenor.  Along with these vols.
+are “The History of the Old and New Testaments, gathered out of sacred
+scripture and writings of the fathers, a translation from the work of the
+Sieur de Royaumont, by several hands.  London, printed for R. Blome, I.
+Sprint, John Nicholson and John Pero, 1701.”  There are some good old
+engravings of “The Work of Creation,” “The Temptation and Fall of Man,”
+“The Expulsion from Paradise,” “The Murder of Abel,” “Ishmael Banished,”
+&c.  The first of these is dedicated to “Her sacred Majesty, Mary, by the
+grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France, Ireland, &c., by Her
+Majesty’s most obedient servant Richard Blome.”  The next is dedicated to
+“Her sacred Majesty Katherine, Queen Dowager of England,” by the same;
+another is dedicated to “Her Royal Highness Ann, Princess of Denmark;”
+and other plates are dedicated to various Lincolnshire worthies, some of
+these are rather damaged, and the fine old bible is imperfect.
+
+Various old documents may here be quoted, which give items of interest
+connected with this church.  In _Lincolnshire Wills_, 1st series, edited
+by Canon A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., 1888, is that of James Burton of
+Horncastle, of date 9 June, 1536, which mentions the lights burnt in the
+church at that time before different shrines; these were in all 23, of
+which 7 were in honour of the blessed virgin, one was called “The light
+of our Lady of Grace,” another “Our Lady’s light at the font.”  Mention
+is also made of a “St. Trunyan’s light;” this last saint is connected
+with a well at Barton-on-Humber, but nothing further is known of him
+under that name.  It has been suggested that it is a corruption of St.
+Ninian (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, 149), and in connection with
+this it is interesting to refer to the fact that Gervase Holles, whose
+description of Horncastle windows we have already quoted, states that
+there was a window to St. Ninian placed in the chancel south aisle, by
+the Guild of Shoemakers.  Here, then, it is possible, the “St. Trunion’s”
+or St. Ninian’s “light” may have been burned, as the emblem of some
+whilom Horncastrian’s faith.
+
+A Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 19 Richard II., No. 83 (11 Dec.,
+1395), shows that Albinus de Enderby and others assigned a messuage, with
+appurtenances, in Horncastle, to pay a chaplain to say daily masses in
+the church of the blessed Mary, for the soul of Simon de Dowode, and
+other faithful deceased.  Wood Enderby was at that time a chapelry
+attached to Horncastle Church.
+
+The right of sanctuary, enjoyed by felons, who sought refuge in a church,
+was a very ancient institution, dating from Saxon times, and only
+abolished by James I., in 1621, because the great number of churches in
+the country rendered it so easy a matter for highwaymen, then very
+numerous, to avail themselves of the privilege, that justice was too
+often defeated and crime encouraged.  According to custom, if the
+offender made confession before a coroner, within 40 days, and took the
+prescribed oath at the church door, that he would quit the realm, his
+life was spared.  A Close Roll, 13 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1229, states that
+the King, at Windsor, commands the Sheriff of Lincolnshire (Radulphus
+filius Reginaldi) to send two coroners to see that a robber who keeps
+himself in the church at Horncastle abjures the kingdom, (_Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. i, p. 49).  It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that a
+similar document, of date 16 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1232, only three years
+later, records a similar incident; and the malefactor is ordered to “make
+the assize, and abjuration of the kingdom, according to the custom of the
+land and according to the liberties granted to Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle,” (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 58).  We have the
+explanation of this later instruction in a Memoranda Roll of 4 Ed. III.,
+1330, which states that Henry III. granted, by charter dated 16th July,
+in the 15th year of his reign, to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors, that they should claim “all chattels of felons and fugitives
+within their manors,” the crown giving up all claim to the same in their
+favour; and the case is added of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, whose chattels
+were demanded by the Bishop, and £34 exacted on that account “from the
+township of Horncastre.”
+
+It is remarkable that the two cases, above quoted, should have occurred
+at the same date, August 22.  An explanation of this has been suggested
+in the fact that an old calendar shows that August 22 was a day sacred to
+St. Zaccheus; and as that saint set the example of restoring four-fold
+what he had unlawfully taken, that day may have been selected for the
+robber to surrender his chattels in reparation of his offence.  A not
+improbable explanation, however, may be found in the fact that the great
+August fair, established by Royal Charter, closed on August 21st, and
+unruly characters were often left, as dregs of such gatherings in the
+place, murders even being not uncommon.  By charter of the same king the
+Bishop of Carlisle had power to try felons at Horncastle, and a spot on
+the eastern boundary of the parish is still known as “Hangman’s Corner,”
+where those who were capitally convicted in his court were executed.
+
+We give elsewhere a list of the Incumbents of St. Mary’s, but we may here
+refer to probably the most distinguished of them all.  A Patent Roll, of
+date 11 June, 1344 (18 Edward III.), states that Thomas, Bishop of
+Lincoln (N.B.  This was Thomas Bec, consecrated July 7, 1342, died Feb.
+1, 1346, buried in the north transept of the Cathedral), “by command of
+the Most Holy Father, Pope Clement VI., reduces the taxation of the
+church at Horncastle, with the chapels of Askeby (West Ashby), Upper
+Tynton (High Toynton), Maring (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and Wod Enderby, to
+the same church annexed, to the sum of 50 marks (£33 6s. 8d.), which were
+previously taxed at the immoderate sum of £77 sterling.”  This is stated
+to be done “of the sincere love with which we value our very dear clerk,
+Master Simon de Islep, parson of the church aforesaid.”  This is also
+confirmed to “his successors, parsons or rectors, of the said church.
+Witness the King, at Westminster.”  The merits of this worthy, so valued
+by the Holy Father, not long afterwards received further recognition,
+since in 1350, only 6 years later, he was promoted to the highest dignity
+in the land, next to the sovereign himself, as Archbishop of Canterbury.
+{46}  An earlier Rector, John de Langton, had been made Bishop of
+Chichester, A.D. 1305.  These are the only incumbents of Horncastle who
+have attained the Episcopal Bench, (_Horncastle Register Book_, edited by
+Canon J. Clare Hudson, 1892).
+
+The promotion of the Rector, Simon de Islep, led to more than one
+lawsuit.  The Bishop of Carlisle, being at that time heavily in debt, as
+Lord of the manor, to which, as has already been stated, the advowson of
+the church of St. Mary was attached, had in January, 1347–8 granted the
+manor to Hugh de Bole, and others, on their annual payment of £129 19s.
+2½d, for three years.  On the vacancy thus occurring the Bishop was
+summoned to appear at Westminster, before Justice John de Stonor, and
+others, to answer to William Widuking, of Saundeby, executor of the will
+of the said Hugh de Bole, who claimed, as tenant of the manor, the right
+to nominate to the vacant benefice.  The Bishop resisted this claim, and
+the case was argued before the King’s Bench, in Hilary term, 1350, when
+the Bishop was defeated, the claim of William Widuking being allowed.
+(County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46.  Pleas at Westminster, 24 Ed. III.,
+roll 104.)
+
+Seventeen years later, on the death of John de Kirkby, Bishop of
+Carlisle, who had presented Simon de Islep to Horncastle, the
+temporalities of the bishopric for the time lapsed to the King; and
+Thomas de Appleby, the succeeding Bishop, with John de Rouceby, clerk
+(who afterwards became Rector of Horncastle), were summoned to answer to
+the King, that the King be allowed, through the said lapse, to appoint to
+the vacant Benefice of St. Mary.  The Bishop and John de Rouceby brought
+the case before the court, but they admitted the justice of the King’s
+plea, and judgment was given for the King.  (De Banco Roll, 41 Ed. III.,
+in. 621.)  Apparently, as a compromise, the King appointed John de
+Rouceby.  This John de Rouceby, while Rector of Horncastle, was murdered
+on the high road to Lincoln in 1388, (_Horncastle Register Book_, p. 2).
+
+We may here observe, that in the above documents, the Incumbent of St.
+Mary’s Church is styled “Parson” or “Rector,” not, as he is at the
+present day, “Vicar.”  On this change of status we are able to give the
+following particulars.  Among the Bishop “Nicholson MSS.,” which are in
+the custody of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and consist of extracts
+from the old “Bishops’ Registers,” it is stated (vol. iv, p. 349) that
+Bishop Stern of Carlisle, under agreement with the Bishop of Lincoln (Dr.
+Robert Sanderson) in 1660, appropriated the Rectorial appurtenances of
+the Benefice of St. Mary to the See of Carlisle.  This, however, would
+seem to be only a confirmation, or renewal, of what had been done long
+before, since as far back as 1313, the Bishop of Carlisle petitioned the
+Pope, to allow the church revenues of St. Mary, Horncastle, to be
+appropriated to that See, which had been “wasted by war and other
+calamities;” the Rector of the day only stipulating for a _pensio
+congrua_ being reserved to him for his lifetime.  (Carlisle Episcopal
+Registers, xix, p. 181 b).  This was repeated about 1334 (_Ibid._, p.
+187, a.  Quoted _Horncastle Register Book_, p. 2).  The title Rector
+accordingly disappears and from about 1400 only that of Vicar is used,
+the Bishops of Carlisle themselves having become the “Rectors.”  Early in
+the 19th century (21 March, 1803) the Bishop of Carlisle leased the
+manor, with appurtenances, to Sir Joseph Banks, and his representatives
+are now Lay Rectors.
+
+The appointment of one of the early Rectors is a sample of the abuses
+connected with Papal supremacy in those times.  Peter de Galicia was
+nominated Rector in May, 1313, he was a foreigner and probably drew his
+income without ever residing at Horncastle.  Having influence at the
+Papal Curia, he negociated for the Bishop of Carlisle the transfer of the
+Rectorial appurtenances of Horncastle to that See; only, as has been
+stated, taking care that he had his own _pensio congrua_.  Becoming
+dissatisfied with the benefice he ultimately exchanged it for the Rectory
+of Caldbeck in the diocese of Carlisle.  These proceedings are given at
+length in Bishop de Kirkby’s Register; his Italian name was Piero de
+Galiciano.  He was succeeded in 1334 by Robert de Bramley, Rector of
+Caldbeck.  (Carlisle Episcopal Registers, quoted _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. v, pp. 244–5).
+
+Horncastle was one of the centres of disturbance at the time of the
+“Lincolnshire Rising” (already referred to) or “Pilgrimage of Grace,” in
+1536, and St. Mary’s Church was the main cause of the local agitation.
+William Leche, brother of the parson of Belchford, was a ringleader in
+the town.  The plundering of churches, by the King’s “visitors,” for the
+“valor ecclesiasticus,” on the plea of regulating ceremonial, but more
+really with a view to replenishing the royal coffers, was the great
+grievance with the people.  Much evidence on the subject is found among
+State Papers Domestic, vol. xi, 28 Henry VIII.  One witness, Edward
+Richardson of Thimbleby, states that William Leche, on Tuesday, 2nd Oct.,
+“stirred the people to rise to save the church jewels from the Bishop’s
+officers,” who were acting by the King’s orders, the Bishop being the
+King’s confessor.  Robert Sotheby of Horncastle, being sworn before Sir
+Anthony Wyngffeld and Sir Arthur Hopton, says that “David Benet, a wever,
+rang the comon bell,” to rouse the people.  The said Robert stated that
+he and William Bywater, being churchwardens, were going to see the work
+of the plumbers, and in the meantime the said Davy rang the common bell;
+and that “William Leche was the first begynner and sterer of the whole
+rysinge there.”  The mob marched about with a standard, carried by Philip
+Trotter, clad in the armour of Lionel Dymoke, which he had taken from the
+church of St. Mary.  The devices on the standard were “a plough,” to
+encourage the husbandmen; the “challice and Host,” because the church
+plate and jewellery were to have been taken away; the “wands” were to
+encourage the people “to fight in Cristis cause;” the “horn” betokening
+Horncastle.
+
+About 100 persons marched to Scrivelsby, and threatened to drag out
+Edward Dymoke, the sheriff, and other gentlemen.  The sheriff, Thomas
+Dymoke, Robert Dighton, and one Saundon, afterwards went into the field,
+and conversed with Leche, who said the Rising was because the Visitors
+would take the church goods.  The mob took the old gentleman, Sir William
+Saundon, and “harried him forth by the arms towards Horncastell, till
+from hete and weryness he was almost overcum.”  A horse was brought for
+him by one Salman of Baumbrough, but one of the rebels strake the horse
+on the head, so that both horse and rider fell to the ground, and they
+then said he must “go afote as they did.”  He was afterwards confined in
+the “Moot Hall,” at Horncastle, and “they sware him, whether he woll, or
+no.”  Many witnesses testified to the activity of Leche, in going to
+private houses and inducing the men to join, and that the gentlemen only
+joined from fear of violence.  Richard Mekylwhite of Horncastle was
+accused by Thomas Lytellbury, that he was “a great procurer” (of men),
+and was “one of the causers of George Wolsey’s death,” (a servant of the
+late Cardinal Wolsey).
+
+William Leche, with a great company, went to Bolingbroke, to take the
+Bishop’s Chancellor, Dr. John Rayne, who was lying there, sick; he was
+brought on horseback to Horncastle amid cries of “kill him! kill him!”
+He begged Philip Trotter to save him, who said he would do what he could;
+the Chancellor gave him xxs., but he in effect did the reverse of helping
+him.  On reaching the outskirts of the town, “many parsons and vicars
+among” the rebels cried “kill him!” whereat William Hutchinson and
+William Balderstone, of Horncastle, “pulled him viantly of his horse,
+kneling upon him, and with their staves slew him.”  The Vicar of Thornton
+gave xvs. to the rebels.  The Vicar of Horncastle, at that time John
+Haveringham, seems to have avoided being mixed up with this movement, as
+many of his brethren were.  The whole affair barely lasted a week, and it
+does not appear that the church plate suffered.  The King issued a
+proclamation from Richmond, 2 December following, that he pardoned all
+except the wretches in ward at Lincoln, T. Kendal the Vicar of Louth, and
+William Leche of Horncastle.
+
+For a final notice of old records connected with the church, we may
+mention a matter of less importance, but one which we can hardly realise,
+in these days of religious liberty, when everyone is “a law unto himself”
+in matters of faith, and even largely in practice.  The parish book of
+the adjoining Thimbleby, which is in the soke of Horncastle, shews that,
+as late as the year 1820, the parish officials ordered all paupers, in
+receipt of parish relief, to attend the church services, on pain of
+forfeiting the aid granted; and cases are named where the payment was
+stopped until the offender had given satisfaction.  The State Papers
+Domestic of 1634 show that, at Horncastle, there was a like strictness.
+Luke Burton of this town was fined 1s. for being “absent from divine
+service,” and again a like sum as “absent from prayers.”  Even “a
+stranger, a tobacco man,” was fined 1s. for the same offence; and 3s. 4d.
+for “tippling in time of divine service.”  John Berry, butcher, was fined
+1s. “for swearing.”  Simon Lawrence, for selling ale contrary to law, was
+fined 20s.; the same “for permitting tippling, 20s.;” while for “selling
+ale without a licence,” William Grantham and Margaret Wells were
+“punished upon their bodies.”  (State Papers Domestic, vol. 272, No. 23,
+Chas. I.)
+
+             [Picture: Ancient Scythes in St. Mary’s Church]
+
+
+
+RECTORS AND VICARS.
+
+
+We here give a list of these as compiled by Canon J. Clare Hudson, in his
+1st volume of the _Horncastle Parish Register Book_, 1892.
+
+A.D.                                  RECTORS.
+
+1236–7        Geoffrey de Leueknor by the Bishop of Carlisle
+              (admitted on condition it be found the same church with
+              the churches of [Wood] Enderby, and [High] Toynton and
+              another, which Osbert the last rector held, be one
+              benefice).
+
+1239–40       (Delegates of the Pope in a dispute between G. parson
+              of the church of Horncastre and Francis, parson of the
+              church of [West] Askeby, concerning the church of
+              Askeby, decide that G[eoffrey] and his successors, are
+              to hold the church of Askeby, and pay to Francis
+              annually for life 27 marks sterling, and the bishop
+              confirms this ordinance)
+
+1246          Adam de Kirkby.
+
+12--          Ralph Tulgol.
+
+1275          Hugh de Penna (otherwise Hugh de la Penne, Assize Roll,
+              4 Ed. I.  _Lincs._ _Notes & Queries_, iv, p. 220).
+
+1295          John de Langton.
+
+1305          Gilbert de Haloughton.
+
+1313          Peter de Galicia.
+
+                                      VICARS.
+
+1334          Robert de Bramley.
+
+13--          William de Hugate.
+
+1349          Simon de Islep, _resigned_ in 1349, on becoming
+              Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+1357          William de Hugate, presented by Gilbert, Bishop of
+              Carlisle, on exchange.
+
+1369          John de Rouceby.
+
+1388          William Stryckland.
+
+1401          Thomas Carleton, Chaplain.
+
+1445          Robert Somercotes.
+
+14--          John Eston.
+
+1492          John Ffalconer.
+
+1517          Richard Denham.
+
+1524          Barnard Towneley.
+
+1531          Robert Jamys, Chaplain.
+
+1535          John Havringham.
+
+15--          Arthur Layton.
+
+1538          Peter Wallensis.
+
+1557          Henry Henshoo, or Henshaw.
+
+1560          Clement Monke. {50}
+
+1584          Francis Purefey.
+
+1587          Richard Foster.
+
+1593          John Jackson.
+
+1595          Robert Hollinhedge.
+
+1634          Thomas Gibson.
+
+1678          John Tomlinson.
+
+1678–9        Thomas Loddington.
+
+1724          James Fowler.
+
+1779          Joseph Robertson.
+
+1802          Clement Madely.
+
+1845          Thos. James Clarke.
+
+1853          Wm. Holme Milner.
+
+1868          Robert Giles.
+
+1872          Arthur Scrivenor.
+
+1882          Edwin Fowler Quarrington.
+
+1900          Alfred Edgar Moore.
+
+For some of the earlier details I am indebted to the Rev. W. O.
+Massingberd.
+
+The Parish Registers of Horncastle are of some interest.  They date from
+1559, the year following the “Injunction” issued by Queen Elizabeth (the
+3rd of its kind) ordering the regular keeping of such records; similar,
+earlier, though less stringent, orders having been made in 1538, 1547 and
+1552.  Besides the records of baptisms, marriages and burials, there are
+occasional notes on peculiar passing events, which we may here notice.
+One of these occurs in 1627, “Upon Monday, beinge the xxviijth day of
+January was a great Tempest of Winde, the like hath not often been in any
+age; like wise upon Friday the 4th of November 1636 in the night time
+there happened a more fearful (wind than) before.
+
+Mr. Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, quotes a note (folio 42 b of
+the Register): “On the vth daie of October one thousand six hundred and
+three, in the ffirst yere of oure Sov’aigne Lord King James was holden in
+Horncastell Church a solemnn fast from eight in the morning until fower a
+clock in the after noone by five preachers, vidz. Mr. Hollinghedge, Vicar
+of Horncastell, Mr. Turner of Edlington, Mr. Downes of Lusbye, Mr.
+Philipe of Solmonbye, Mr. Tanzey of Hagworthingha’, occasioned by a
+generall and most feareful plague yt yere in sundrie places of this land,
+but especially upon the Cytie of London.  p’r me Clementem Whitelock.”
+(Parish Clerk.)
+
+We may observe that at this time there perished in London more than
+30,000 persons; but the great plague, or “black death,” occurred 61 years
+later (1664–5), which carried off from 70,000 to 100,000 persons.
+Between these periods, and previously, various parishes in our
+neighbourhood suffered from this visitation; for instance at Roughton,
+which is in the soke of Horncastle, there were 43 burials, including
+those of the Rector and two daughters, in the year 1631–2; while in the
+adjoining parish of Haltham (also in the soke) although there was no
+increase of mortality at that date, there had been 51 deaths in the year
+1584; there being a note in the register for that year, “This yeare
+plague in Haltham.”  The turn, however, for Horncastle came in the year
+1631, when the register shows that between May 3 and Sep. 29, there were
+no less than 176 deaths; in one case 7 in a family (Cocking), 5 in a
+family (Halliday), in other cases 4 (Joanes), and again (Hutchinson) 4,
+(Fawcitts) 4, (Cheesbrooke) 4, &c.  In August alone there were 86 deaths,
+and not a single marriage through all these months, whereas the following
+year there were only 25 deaths in the whole twelve months.  Truly
+Horncastrians were, at that dread time, living with the sword of Damocles
+hanging over them.  A note in the margin in this year is as follows,
+“Oct. 5th, buryalls since July 23, 144; burialls since Easter 182.”
+
+We have already given the history of the Vicar, Rev. Thos. Gibson, he is
+referred to in the two following notes in the Register.  At the end of
+folio 81a (1635) we find, after the signature of himself and
+churchwardens, “Thomas Gibson, Clerk, Master of the free school of
+Newcastel uppon Tine, one of the Chapleins of the Right Reverend Father
+in God Barnabas, by Divine P’vidence Lo. Bpp. Carliel, presented by the
+said Lo. Bpp., was inducted into this Vicarage of Horncastel April xiiij,
+1634.”  At the end of folio 85a (1639) after similar signatures is this:
+“The sd Mr. Thomas Gibson, being outed of Horncastle by Cromwell’s
+Commissioners, removed to Nether Toynton, lived there one yeare, after
+restored againe, taught some Gentlemen sonnes in his owne house, was
+afterward called to ye scole at Newark, where he continued one yeare,
+then was importuned to Sleeford, whether he went ye week after Easter
+1650, continued there until May ye first 1661; then, the King being
+returned, he returned to his Vicaridge, and was by Doctor Robert
+Sanderson, Bishop of Linkcoln made Preban of Saint Mairie Crakepoule in
+the Church of Linkcoln.”
+
+It may be observed that the spelling in those times, the entries
+doubtless being often made by the parish clerk, was rather phonetic than
+orthographic.  Many names occur which still survive, but here spelt
+variously, for instance Fawssett has been a name well known in Horncastle
+in modern times in a good position, in town and county, here we find it
+in generation after generation as Fawcet, Fawset, Faucitt, &c.  The name
+Raithbeck is of continual occurrence, it is now probably represented by
+Raithby.  Castledine occurs several times, being probably the phonetic
+form of the modern Cheseltine.  The present name Chantry appears as
+Chauntry.  Palfreyman, or Palfreman, occurs on several occasions, they
+were of a respectable family in the county, William Palfreyman being
+Mayor of Lincoln in 1534; Ralph Palfreyman, clerk, was presented to the
+Benefice of Edlington, by his brother Anthony, merchant of the Staple,
+Lincoln, in 1569.
+
+In folio 69a (1628) is the entry “Tirwhitt Douglas, daughter unto Mr.
+George Tirwhitt, christened Jan. 8.”  Her father George Tyrwhitt was a
+scion of the old county family of the Tyrwhitts of Kettleby, Stainfield,
+&c., by Faith, daughter of Nicholas Cressy of Fulsby, who married
+Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, of another very old county
+family.  She was named Douglas, though a female, after her kinswoman,
+Douglas, daughter of William, first Lord Howard of Effingham.  Her sister
+married Sir Edward Dymoke of Scrivelsby.  She herself is mentioned among
+the benefactors to the poor of Horncastle, as leaving a charge of 10s. on
+a farm at Belchford, as an annual payment, on her death in 1703.
+
+Another name of frequent occurrence, though now extinct, is that of
+Hamerton.  John Hamerton (as already stated) is mentioned, with John
+Goake, on a tablet inserted in the wall on the south side of the chancel
+arch, as being churchwarden in the vicariate of Thomas Gibson, in 1675,
+and throughout the early registers successive generations of this family
+are recorded.  They may have been humble scions of the Hamertons, of
+Hamerton, Yorkshire, a branch of whom were among the landed gentry near
+the Scottish border; but at Horncastle they were engaged in trade.  John
+Hamerton, christened Dec. 10, 1575, whose probable father, another John
+Hamerton, was buried Sep. 3, 1584, married Feb. 2, 1613, Grace Broxholme,
+whose father John Broxholme is described as “Gent” in 1611.  Thomas
+Hamerton in 1603 was a draper, another Thomas Hamerton in 1613 was a
+“yoman,” John in 1615 was a tanner, Thomas in 1606 and 1617 was a tanner,
+Robert son of Thomas in 1619 was a tanner, William in 1620 was a glover.
+In 1630, Thomas, buried Jan. 24, is designated “Mr.”  On June 16, 1633,
+Katherine Hamerton is married “by Licence” to George Colimbell.  A rise
+in status is indicated by the two latter entries, and accordingly, in the
+records of the neighbouring parish of Edlington we find “Geo. Hamerton,
+gent., and Sarah Hussey married July 21, 1699;” the Husseys being
+probably connected with the county family, the head of which was Lord
+Hussey of Sleaford.  The John Hamerton, churchwarden in 1675, was born
+Jan. 22, 1636, son of John and Dorothy Hamerton.  The marriage of the
+parents is not given in the register, the father therefore probably
+married an “outener,” as they are provincially termed.  The interesting
+point however in connection with this family is, that although they have
+long ago been extinct, they have left their mark behind them still
+surviving in the town.  Near the junction of East Street with South
+Street there still exists at the back of the second shop, in the former
+street (a repository for fancy needlework), a room lined with good oak
+wainscoting, with finely carved mantelpiece, over which is an
+inscription, richly carved in relief, with the letters “A° Di” to the
+left, and to the right the date “1573;” while above, in the centre, are
+the initials “J H” and “M H;” separated by a floriated cross and
+encircled by a wreath.  This would doubtless be John Hamerton and his
+wife Mary (or Margaret) Hamerton, the original builders of the house.
+Two doors beyond is Hamerton Lane, and the title deeds, which the present
+writer has inspected, show that the whole of this block of buildings now
+forming five shops and two private residences, once formed one large
+dwelling place, belonging to the Hamerton of that day, with a frontage in
+East Street of more than 20 yards, and in South Street of 70 or 80 yards,
+with extensive back premises and gardens attached.  The J.H. and M.H., of
+whom we have here such interesting relics, were probably the grandfather
+and grandmother of the John Hamerton of the time of the Commonwealth and
+Charles II., and the extent of the buildings occupied by them show that
+they were wealthy.
+
+Tanning was at one time the chief trade of the town, there being within
+the writer’s recollection several tan yards, now no longer existing.  The
+Bain water was said to be specially suited for this purpose.  We have
+seen that several of the Hamertons were tanners, and they had evidently
+prospered in their calling.
+
+One more name in the register deserves a brief notice, that of Snowden
+(spelt there Snoden).  We have, at various dates, from 22 Oct. 1629,
+onwards, the baptisms of the whole family of Mr. Rutland Snowden, and the
+burials of some of them.  The Snowdens were originally a Notts. family,
+of the smaller gentry class, but Robert Snowden, third son of Ralph
+Snowden, of Mansfield Woodhouse, became Bishop of Carlisle, and, ex
+officio, Lord of the Manor of Horncastle.  The Bishops of Carlisle had,
+as has been already stated, a residence in Horncastle, near the present
+Manor House, and the Bishop’s widow, Abigail, probably resided there.  In
+her will, dated 15 April, 1651, and proved 7 May in the same year, she
+mentions her sons Rutland and Scrope; there was also another son Ralph.
+Rutland married on Xmas day, 1628, Frances, widow of George Townshend,
+Esq., of Halstead Hall, Stixwould, and Lord of the Manor of Cranworth,
+Norfolk, by whom he had a large family.  His granddaughter, Jane Snowden,
+married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby; she died childless and
+founded and endowed the village school and almshouses at Hemingby.
+Another granddaughter, Abigail, married Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir
+Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, as shewn by the register there, on 18 July,
+1654, and she thus became ancestress of the Tetford branch of the
+Dymokes, now also of Scrivelsby.
+
+Rutland Snowden, who graduated B.A. at Christ’s College, Cambridge,
+1617–8, took his M.A. degree at St. John’s College, Oxford, 1623, and was
+admitted a member of Gray’s Inn in the same year.  He was buried at
+Horncastle, 1654 (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 14–16).  That
+was a period of national disturbance, and the people of Horncastle, with
+the Winceby fight of 1643, were more or less drawn into the vortex.
+Abigail Snowden, widow of Bishop Robert of Carlisle seems to have been
+brought into much trouble, owing to her son, Rutland, having espoused the
+Royalist cause.  Among Exchequer Bills and Answers (Chas. I., Lincoln,
+No. 86) is a petition shewing that Francis, Bishop of Carlisle, leased to
+Rutland Snowden and his assignees, for three lives, the manor, lands,
+parsonage, and other premises at Horncastle, on payment of £120.
+Subsequent proceedings would seem to imply that this lease was previously
+granted to the said Abigail herself, as shewn by the following: “To the
+Honourable the Commissioners for compounding with delinquents.  The
+Humble Petition of Abigail Snowden, widow, sheweth that Richard Milborne,
+late Bishop of Carlisle, did, 22 Sep., 1623, for valuable consideracions,
+demise the manor and soke of Horncastle (parcel of ye lands of ye
+Bishopricke) unto your petitonr, during the lives of Rutland Snoden,
+Scroope Snoden, and George Snoden, and for the life of the longest of
+them; that the said demise being allowed good unto her by the trustees .
+. . yet hath bene, and is, sequestrated, for the delinquensie of the said
+Rutland Snoden . . . the petitioner prayeth . . . that your petitioner
+may have releife . . . as to you shall seem meet.  And yr petitioner will
+praie, &c.  Abigail Snoden, 24 Nov., 1650.”  A note adds that the matter
+was “Referred to Mr. Brereton, to examine and report.”
+
+It was reported on by Peter Brereton, 31 Jan. following (Royalist
+Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 58, No. 515).  As this is a fair
+sample of the treatment by the Parliamentary officials of Royalist
+“delinquents” and their friends, we here give further particulars.
+
+A similar petition was presented by “John Bysse, gent.” (given in
+Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 8, No. 167).  Further,
+Abigail Snowden bequeathed her interest in the above lease to Thos.
+Toking, who was of Bucknall and of Ludgate Hill, London.  Accordingly,
+two years later, we have another attempt at recovery, as follows: “To the
+Honourable Commissioners for compounding with Delinquents.  The humble
+petition of Thomas Toking, of Co. Lincoln, gent., sheweth, that a lease
+was made to him by Abigail Snowden, widow, deceased, of the manor, &c.,
+&c., which had been sequestered many years, for the delinquency of
+Rutland Snowden . . . and that he (T. Toking) has more to offer, for the
+clearing of his title.  He prays therefore for a commission of enquiry.
+21 Oct., 1652.”  Reply: “not sufficient proof.”
+
+The said Thos. Toking again petitions, stating, that he is willing, to
+avoid further trouble, to submit to “a reasonable composition.”  This is
+again “referred to Mr. Brereton,” 7 Feb., 1653.  On 21 Sep., 1653, the
+order was issued that “the Petitioner be admitted for compounding.”
+Again “Referred to Mr. Brereton.”  The result, however, was that Mr.
+Thomas Toking died before obtaining the “relief” petitioned for.
+
+N.B.  Besides the “delinquency” of having “adhered to, and assisted, ye
+forces against the Parliament,” it was charged against Rutland Snowden
+that he had “more wives than one.”  He “rendered his estate in fee” at
+Horncastle, in Nov., 1645, for which his fine, at one-tenth was £188
+(Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, fol. 113).  His son, a second
+Rutland Snowden, was among the Benefactors of Horncastle, as he
+bequeathed to the poor of the town, 1682, “one house of the yearly rent
+of 26s.,” to be “paid in bread, 6d. every other Sunday;” a considerably
+larger sum at that time than now.
+
+We find the names of Rutland Snoden of Horncastle, and Scrope Snoden of
+Boston, in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry, entitled to bear arms, made
+by the Heralds, at their Visitation in 1634; along with other well known
+names in the neighbourhood, such as Dymoke, Heneage, Laugton,
+Massingberd, Tyrwhitt, &c. (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, p. 106).
+The Snowden arms are said, in Yorke’s _Union of Honour_, to have been
+“Azure a lion rampant, or.” (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 16).
+
+                       [Picture: The Old Vicarage]
+
+The Vicarage of St. Mary’s Church formerly stood at the north-east corner
+of the churchyard, forming part of a block of small houses.  It was a
+poor residence, but occupied until his death in 1845, by the Vicar,
+Clement Madely, DD.  The whole block was, about that time, taken down,
+the space being, later on, covered with the present substantial
+buildings.  His successor, Rev. T. J. Clarke, rented a good house in
+South Street, now occupied by Mrs. Howland.  Mr. Clarke was succeeded by
+the Rev. W. Holme Milner, in 1853, and he built the present vicarage.
+
+St. Mary’s Churchyard was closed, for burials, in 1848, when the
+churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated.
+
+We here give a list of the Church Plate, which is more than usually
+valuable.
+
+1.  Paten, silver, 15 oz. 2 dwt., given by Mrs. Hussey, 1718. ☼
+
+2.  Paten lid, silver, 2 oz. 2 dwt., old, no date.
+
+3.  Paten, pewter, no date.
+
+4.  Chalice, silver gilt, 7 oz., old, no date.
+
+5.  Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 4 dwt.  In memoriam, J.H., 1879.
+
+6.  Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 2 dwt. *
+
+7.  Flagon, silver, 59 oz., given by Susannah Lascells, 1741.
+
+8.  Flagon, silver, 58 oz. 2 dwt., given by Susannah Lascelles, widow,
+Christmas, 1743. ☼
+
+9.  Alms basin, silver, 6 oz. 6 dwt., given by Thomas Hargreaves, Esq.,
+1735.  T.M.H. on handle.
+
+10.  Alms Basin, silver, 7 oz. 6 dwt., given by Clement Madely, vicar,
+1835.
+
+11.  Paten, silver gilt, 13 oz.  In Memoriam, J.H.  1879.
+
+12.  Paten, silver. 4 oz. 2 dwt., no date. ☼
+
+13.  Cruet with silver stopper, H.T.C.  1872.
+
+Those marked with asterisk are used at Holy Trinity Church.
+
+We cannot here omit our tribute to the energy, liberality, and taste of
+the various parties connected with the restoration of St. Mary’s Church,
+begun in 1859, and happily completed in April, 1861.  With a persevering
+vicar, in Prebendary W. H. Milner, undaunted by difficulties, to head the
+movement; a working committee, no less resolute, to support him (among
+whom figured foremost the late Dr. J. B. Boulton and Mr. F. Harwood);
+with an architect of cultivated taste and wide experience, in Mr. Ewan
+Christian; and with the able contractors, Messrs. Lee & Ashton, to carry
+out his designs; and with a body of subscribers, headed by the Lord of
+the Manor, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., all doing their best; the work was
+bound to be a marked success, of which all might be proud.  St Mary’s now
+probably approaches nearer to its original conception (if it does not,
+indeed, surpass it) than it has ever done in recent times.  Erected, as
+it first was, in an age marked by “zeal” for church construction, even if
+sometimes “without knowledge;” stimulated, perhaps in an unwholesome
+degree, by the prevalent superstition and mariolatry, we yet feel bound,
+considering the noble structures which those builders have transmitted to
+us, (as Prior the poet says) to be “To their virtues very kind, and to
+their faults a little blind.”  But, as to the restoration in the present
+instance, few, save the older ones among us, who remember the condition
+into which the fabric had lapsed, can realise the great changes which
+were effected, or the advantages secured to present worshippers.  The
+space formerly wasted by a western vestibule, with its boarded partition,
+and baize-covered doors, leading into nave and aisles, reducing by
+several feet the length of sitting space; the basement of the tower shut
+off, and occupied only by the bell ringers, who are now removed to the
+chamber above; the chancel aisles unused for seats and partially blocked
+up; the high square pews, rising in tiers westwards, roomy enough for
+undisturbed slumber; above all, the heavy galleries, with pews, made by
+faculty private property; all these arrangements so curtailed the
+accommodation, that the congregation, at its best, could be little more
+than half what it has been in recent years; while the _tout ensemble_,
+not omitting the flat whitewashed ceiling, put up, it has been said, by a
+kind lady, because the vicar, sensitive to cold, felt the draughts
+through the fine wooden roof thus hidden above, had an effect the very
+opposite of stimulating devotion, bad alike for minister and people.
+Under the restored condition, with sixty additional seats provided in the
+tower, the south chancel aisle also seated, and every available space
+utilized, there is now ample accommodation for some 800 worshippers, and
+on special occasions more than 1,200 have been seated (the late Mr. W.
+Pacy counted about 1,250 passing out at the evening service at the
+re-opening in April, 1861); while the services, and the surroundings, are
+alike calculated to inspire feelings of reverence, with hearty
+earnestness of worship; this is the result mainly due to the “decency and
+order” effected through the care and self-denying efforts of the
+restorers, for which all should be grateful.
+
+We should here add that in the year 1892, it being found that decay had
+occurred in the walls and other parts of the church, about £150 was
+raised by subscription, and once more the fabric was put into a complete
+state of repair.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY
+
+
+Was built in the years 1847 and 1848, as a Chapel of Ease to St. Mary’s
+Church, in the vicariate of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, at a cost of about
+£2,500; £500 having been bequeathed towards that purpose by his
+predecessor, Dr. Clement Madely, and the rest being raised by public
+subscriptions.  The foundation stone was laid April 6, in the former
+year, by Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., the Queen’s Champion.  The roof of the
+nave was reared Oct. 12, and the cross on the east end of the chancel
+erected Nov. 25, in the same year.  The church and churchyard were
+consecrated by Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, April 27, 1848; his Lordship
+preaching at the opening service in the morning, and Dr. Percy, Bishop of
+Carlisle (as Patron {57a} of the Benefice) in the afternoon.  The
+architect was Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston (author of _Churches of the
+Division of Holland_, 1843, &c) Mr. Hind, of Sleaford, being the
+contractor for the work.
+
+It was a condition of Dr. Madely’s bequest that the church should be
+commenced within two years of his death, which occurred on Good Friday,
+March 21, 1845.  This fortunately was just (but only just) effected {57b}
+in time to secure the bequest.
+
+When the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated that of St. Mary’s
+was closed, with the exception of some private vaults; both these burial
+grounds being closed in 1888, when the public cemetery was opened; the
+church part of which was consecrated on Nov. 7th, in that year, by the
+Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. King.
+
+The church is in the Early English style, consisting of nave, chancel,
+north and south aisles, north porch, high open belfry with one bell, and
+has sittings for 400 persons.  The materials of the structure are white
+brick, with dressings of Ancaster stone.  It was considerably improved in
+1887, and, more recently, in 1895.
+
+The windows in the north and south aisles are plain small lancets, in
+pairs; 5 pairs on the south side, and 4 pairs, with porch door, on the
+north.  The north and south arcades have 5 bays, with narrow
+perpendicular arches, except the easternmost, on both sides, which are
+wider, with a view to future transepts; the octagonal columns of brick
+have nicely carved stone capitals.  The clerestory windows above, 5 on
+each side, are alternately quatrefoils and inverted triangles.  The roof
+is of a very high pitch, slated externally, and internally of deeply
+stained deal.  The principals of the chancel roof are ornamented with
+deeply cut dog-tooth pattern.  The choir is rather narrow, and without
+aisles.  At the east end of the north aisle is the vestry, the doorway
+leading to it having a richly carved arch, supported by twin pilasters,
+with carved capitals; the porch doorway has also a richly carved arch,
+with dog-tooth moulding, and clusters of pillars below.
+
+The east window in the chancel is of 3 lights, and is an enlarged copy of
+the beautiful Early English east window of Kirkstead Abbey Chapel; with
+triple columns between, and, on either side of the lights, having richly
+carved capitals; the wall space above being also elaborately carved with
+floriated pattern.  It was fitted with coloured glass, by an anonymous
+donor, in memory of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, in whose vicariate, as has
+been stated, the church was built.  The subjects are, running across and
+in the centre, the Nativity, the Crucifixion, and Transfiguration; above
+being the Resurrection, and Christ sitting in glory; and in the lower
+row, our Lord as the Good Shepherd, the Man of sorrows and the Light of
+the world.
+
+In the chancel walls, north and south, are triple windows in the same
+style, but with plain columns and white glass.  Below the east window is
+a stone Reredos, having four panels with decorated arches on each side,
+north and south; with a central canopy of 3 compartments, nicely carved,
+and plain cross in the centre.  This was carved and designed by Messrs.
+F. Bell & Son, of Horncastle.  The Reredos was due to a movement
+originating with the Girls’ Club, then under the management of Miss Agnes
+Armstrong; assisted by contributions from members of the choir, a
+considerable sum of money being raised by them, for altar frontals and
+other fittings in the chancel.  These, and other additions, were
+dedicated by the late vicar, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, on All Saints’
+day, Nov. 1, 1895.
+
+The Organ, on the north side of the choir, is a good instrument.  In the
+early days of the church an old organ was transferred from St. Mary’s
+Church and placed at the west end, but this was sold in 1869, and for
+some years a harmonium was used in the choir.  The present instrument was
+the work of Messrs. Foster & Andrews, of Hull, and has one manual, with
+pedals.
+
+The Pulpit, on the south of the lofty chancel arch, is of stone, having 5
+panels with dog-tooth borders, illuminated in gold and various colours;
+and having, within central circles, figures of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke
+and John, the fifth having the cross with the inscription “Feed my
+sheep.”  The Reading Desk, on the north, is part of the chancel sedilia;
+this, with the Lectern, slightly carved, in front of it, and all the
+sittings, are of pitch pine, stained.
+
+At the west end of the south aisle is a plain lancet window of one light.
+The window corresponding to this, in the north aisle, has good coloured
+glass, in memory of the late Hugh George, M.D., who died in 1895.  It has
+two subjects (1) The healing of the lame man by SS. Peter and John, at
+the beautiful gate of the temple, and (2) Luke, the beloved physician,
+ministering to St. Paul, in prison at Rome.
+
+The west window is of two lights, narrow lancets with circular window
+above, having quatrefoil tracery.  These are filled with coloured glass,
+given by the late Miss Lucy Babington of The Rookery, Horncastle, in
+memory of her parents, brothers and sister.  The subject in the upper
+“Rose” window is the Holy Dove descending; those in the window below are
+(1) our Lord’s Baptism, (2) His commission to the disciples, “Go ye, and
+baptize all nations;” (3) The baptism of a Jew (St. Paul), and (4) The
+baptism of a Gentile (Cornelius). {59}
+
+                      [Picture: Holy Trinity Church]
+
+Below this window, and in keeping with the subjects above, stands the
+Font, on a plain octagonal base.  The bowl is circular and larger than
+that in St. Mary’s Church.  It is supported by 8 carved pilasters at the
+angles, with a central one; rising from these are narrow arches with
+dog-tooth moulding.
+
+In the eastern part of the churchyard lie the remains of four successive
+vicars of Horncastle, and the wife of a fifth.  A coffin-shaped stone,
+adorned with a full-length floriated cross, has this inscription: “Thomas
+James Clarke, M.A., Vicar of Horncastle, died 14th May, 1853.  Is any
+among you afflicted, let him pray.”  This stone was put down by the Rev.
+Edmund Huff, who was curate at the time of Mr. Clarke’s death, and
+afterwards Rector of Little Cawthorpe near Louth.
+
+An upright stone, the head forming an inverted overhanging arch,
+ornamented with dog-tooth pattern (copied from a panel in the church
+pulpit), has the inscription: “W. H. Milner, Vicar of Horncastle, died
+October 3rd, 1868, aged 64.”  Within the arch is a Calvary Cross, on the
+steps of which are these words “He that believeth in Me hath everlasting
+life.”  On the base of the stone is a quotation from the Burial Service,
+“Blessed are the dead, which die in the Lord, &c.”  Near this a massive
+decorated cross bears the inscription: “Robert Giles, Vicar of
+Horncastle, died July 12th, 1872.  Jesu, Mercy.”  This is an exact
+reproduction of a granite cross in Willoughby churchyard, erected to the
+memory of the late Archdeacon Giles, the vicar’s brother.
+
+A grass grave, surrounded by a kerb, has resting upon it a full-length
+plain Latin cross, along the arms of which is inscribed “Jesu Mercy.”
+Surrounding the kerb is the inscription “Arthur Scrivenor, M.A., Vicar of
+Horncastle, born January 13th, 1831, died August 27th, 1882.”  “Never
+resting, never tiring, in the endless work of God;” the latter words
+being a quotation from Dr. Mansel’s _Life of Bishop Wilberforce of Oxford
+and Winchester_.
+
+Very near the last tomb is the grave of the wife of the late Vicar of
+Horncastle, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, now Rector of Welby, near
+Grantham; the plain slab bears the inscription “At rest, Nov. 25, 1888.”
+
+The following biographical notes may not be without interest.  The Rev.
+T. J. Clarke was a remarkable man; born in this neighbourhood, in a
+humble rank of life (his widowed mother occupying a cottage in Woodhall,
+where, to his honour, he frequently visited her, and supported her,
+during his vicariate), he was apprenticed as a boy to a tradesman in
+Leeds.  A lady upon whom he attended, as she made purchases in the shop,
+noticed his intelligence; the result being that she sent him, at her own
+expense, to be educated at a good school, and, in due time, assisted him
+to enter at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he took Double Honours,
+and obtained a Fellowship.  He was afterwards appointed to the Vicarage
+of Penrith, Cumberland, thus coming under the notice of the Bishop of
+Carlisle, who, as Patron, presented him to the Vicarage of Horncastle, on
+the death of Dr. Madely in 1845.  With Mr. Clarke’s arrival in Horncastle
+it was felt that a new era in church life had begun.  He threw himself
+with characteristic energy into every kind of work, and at one time had 3
+curates.  To him was due the erection of Holy Trinity Church, and a great
+multiplication of Church services.  The old vicarage, a poor house close
+to St. Mary’s churchyard, was pulled down, and he rented the house in
+South Street, with extensive gardens, which afterwards became the
+residence of Major Armstrong and now occupied by Mrs. Howland.
+Notwithstanding his heavy parochial work Mr. Clarke (as the present
+writer can testify) kept up his classical and mathematical studies.  He
+was also devoted to music, and a very skilful performer on the flute.
+Although these were relaxations from his more serious parochial labours,
+the amount of mental work involved eventually told upon his health, and
+in the 8th year of his vicariate it became perceptible, even in his
+pulpit utterances, that his mind was affected.  He had married a
+Cumberland lady, but all her care and attention was unavailing; he
+gradually collapsed into a condition of melancholy, scarcely roused by
+anything except the music of his piano. {60}  The end inevitable was seen
+to be approaching, but unfortunately Mr. Clarke by his own act
+anticipated it.  Being accidently left alone for a few moments he took a
+pistol, which he had concealed in a drawer, walked out into the garden
+and shot himself, the overwrought brain rendering him no longer
+accountable for his actions.
+
+Of his successor, the Rev. Prebendary W. H. Milner, who, like Mr. Clarke,
+had held preferment in the diocese of Carlisle, we have only to say that
+he was an able man of business, carried on the work of the church with
+great energy, and introduced many reforms.  He built the present
+vicarage.  He was the last vicar nominated by the Bishop of Carlisle.  Of
+the next two vicars it may be said that their tenure of office was all
+too short, hard faithful labour cutting off the Rev. Robert Giles (as we
+have before stated) in 1872, after a vicariate of only 4 years; while the
+Rev. Arthur Scrivenor died, after 10 years work in the parish, in his
+51st year, in 1882.  Canon E. Fowler Quarrington succeeded him, and held
+the vicarage during 18 years, when he was transferred, in 1900, to the
+Rectory of Welby, near Grantham.  The Rev. Prebendary Alfred Edgar Moore,
+formerly Vicar of Messingham, near Brigg, began his vicariate in 1900,
+being inducted into the benefice on August 24, in that year.
+
+Horncastle, we may here add, has been well served by its Curates.
+“Comparisons are (proverbially) odious,” we will not therefore refer to
+any of these in recent years; but we may take three typical cases of men
+whose memory is still green and redolent of good work.
+
+In the latter years of the amiable vicar, Dr. Madely, he needed an active
+assistant, and such was the Rev. William Spranger White, of Trinity
+College, Cambridge, a member of a family of position, the head of which
+was his uncle, Sir Thomas Wollaston White, of Wallingwells Park, Worksop,
+High Sheriff 1839, and formerly of the 10th Hussars.  Mr. White possessed
+independent means and was very generous.  He was of a most sympathetic
+nature, and became greatly beloved by all classes.  He worked hard in the
+parish from his ordination in 1833 to 1849. {61}  In that year he was
+selected by the Marchioness of Lothian, to take charge of an Episcopalian
+Church, which her Ladyship built and endowed at Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.
+The church was opened with an octave of services, which were attended by
+the great Doctor Hook of Leeds, who had recommended Mr. White to her
+Ladyship.  The father of the present writer, and many leading clergymen
+from this neighbourhood, and various parts of England and Scotland,
+attended the opening services.  Mr. White remained there for some years,
+and married the eldest daughter of Lord Chancellor Campbell, who resided
+at Hartrigg House, near Jedburgh.  This marriage led to his subsequent
+return to England, being appointed by the Lord Chancellor to the Rectory
+of St. Just, near Land’s End, Cornwall; at a later date promoted to the
+Vicarage of Chaddesley Corbett, near Kidderminster, Worcestershire; and
+finally in 1859 to the Rectory of Potterhanworth, near Lincoln, of which
+cathedral he was made an Honorary Canon, in recognition of his generous
+gifts towards cathedral improvements.  Here he did excellent work until
+his death in 1893. {62}
+
+We next take two of the well chosen curates of the Vicar, T. J. Clarke,
+who were contemporaries at Horncastle; Charles Dashwood Goldie of St.
+John’s College, Cambridge, where he took Mathematical Honours in 1847,
+was ordained as Curate of Horncastle in 1848.  An able preacher and
+indefatigable worker in the parish, he at once made his mark, not only in
+the town, but in the neighbourhood; he and his beautiful wife being
+welcome guests in many a rectory and vicarage.  He was also a man of good
+social position and private means, and occupied a good house with large
+garden on the north side of West Street (then called Far Street),
+belonging to the late Mrs. Conington, within some 120 yards of the
+railway station, now occupied by Mr. Sills, and named “The Chestnuts.”
+Mr. Goldie being curate at the time when Holy Trinity Church was built
+presented the carved oak chairs within the communion rails.  After
+leaving Horncastle he was appointed to the vicarage of St. Ives, in the
+diocese of Ely.  The Goldies were an old Manx family; Col. Goldie, his
+brother, of the Scotts Guards Regiment, being President of the House of
+Keys, the local parliament.  Their residence in that island is “The
+Nunnery,” near the town of Douglas, so called from the ruin close at hand
+of an ancient priory, said to have been founded by St. Bridget in the
+sixth century.  Mr. Goldies’ nephew is the present Sir George Dashwood
+Tanbman Goldie, Privy Councillor, K.C.M.G., F.R.G.S., &c, formerly of the
+Royal Engineers, but latterly holding various Government appointments,
+director of several expeditions in West Africa, having travelled in
+Egypt, the Soudan, Algiers, Morocco, &c., and attended the Berlin
+Conference in 1884, as an expert on questions connected with the Niger
+country, where he founded the Royal Chartered Company of Nigeria.  His
+latest honour (1905) is the Presidency of the Royal Geographical Society,
+in succession to Sir Clements P. Markham, K.C.B., &c.
+
+The Rev. Thomas Castle Southey (a relative of the poet) was Fellow of
+Queen’s College, Oxford, where he took Classical and Mathematical Honours
+in 1847.  He was ordained in the same year, and held the curacy of
+Horncastle from that year till 1849.  He was an able and scholarly
+preacher and persevering worker in the parish.  On leaving Horncastle he
+became Incumbent of the Episcopal Church at Montrose, N.B., which he held
+for six years, when he became Assistant Curate of St. Paul’s Church,
+Brighton, under the Rev. Arthur Wagner; then Curate of the church of St.
+Thomas the Martyr at Oxford; then Vicar of Wendron, Cornwall, and
+afterwards of Newbold Pacey, near Leamington, in 1868.  After leaving
+Horncastle he was invited by the Governors, as an able scholar, to
+examine the Horncastle Grammar School, then a considerably larger school
+than it has been in later years, with a large number of day boys, and
+also boarders from London, many distant parts of the country, and even
+from Jersey and the continent.
+
+As this is the last chapter in which we shall deal with church matters,
+we may here say that a Clerical Club, with valuable library and news
+room, was established in the town in the year 1823.  At that time there
+was a numerous community of country clergymen living in the town; a
+dozen, or more, villages in the neighbourhood having no official
+residence in their parishes; thus a Clerical Club became a convenient
+institution for social intercourse, and valuable papers were often read
+at their meetings.  This ceased to exist at the close of the 19th
+century, when the books were transferred to the Diocesan Library at
+Lincoln.  In order to enable these country incumbents to maintain a town
+residence, they, in several cases, held a plurality of benefices, which
+would hardly be allowed in the present day.  Even the Vicar of
+Horncastle, Dr. Madely, also held the Vicarage of Stickford, distant more
+than a dozen miles; another clergyman was Rector of Martin, Vicar of
+Baumber, and Rector of Sotby, several miles apart; while a third held the
+Perpetual Curacy of Wood Enderby, 4 or 5 miles to the south-east of the
+town, with the Curacy of Wilksby adjoining, and the Chapelry of
+Kirkstead, 5 or 6 miles to the west.  Further, to eke out the family
+income, his daughter found employment of a somewhat novel kind in the
+service of the late Queen Victoria.  Being in figure the exact size of
+the Queen, her Majesty’s dresses were all tried on this lady by the royal
+dressmaker; and, as a portion of her remuneration, the cast-off clothing
+of the Queen became her perquisite.  On the occasion of the wedding of
+one of her friends at Horncastle, the bride and her bridesmaids were all
+attired in Queen’s dresses.
+
+In connection with the church is the “Young Churchmen’s Union,” of which
+the Vicar is President.  They have fortnightly meetings, in the Boys’
+National School, at 8.15 p.m.  There is also a Church Lads’ Brigade, No.
+1951, attached to the 1st Battalion, Lincoln Regiment, B 51.  This was
+enrolled Oct. 1st, 1901.  The members are youths between the ages of 13
+and 19; the present Lieutenant being H. W. Sharpe; Chaplain, the Vicar;
+Assistant Chaplain and Correspondent, the Senior Curate.  Entrance fee
+1/6, subscription 1d. per week.
+
+The Church National Schools are good substantial buildings, erected at
+various periods, the Girls’ School in 1812, the Infants’ in 1860, and the
+Boys’ (at a cost of £1,000) in 1872; the total accommodation is for 300
+children, the average attendance being about 250.  The schools were taken
+over by the Lindsey County Council, on April 1st, 1903.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+
+There are in Horncastle five Nonconformist religious communities, the
+Wesleyan, Congregational, Primitive Methodist, Baptist, and New Church or
+Swedenborgian, each now having substantially built chapels, resident
+ministers, with Sunday, and, in one case, Day Schools. Through the
+courtesy of the Rev. John Percy, late Head Minister of the Wesleyan
+Society, we are enabled to give a fairly full account of its origin and
+growth, down to the present 20th century.  As this is the most important
+religious body in the town, next to the Church of England, although it is
+not the oldest, we take the Wesleyans first.  As will be seen in the
+following account, this Society arose from a very small beginning, but at
+the present time, with perhaps the exception of the Baptists, it is the
+most numerous and influential body among Nonconformists.  Although,
+locally, rather fewer in numbers in recent years, than formerly, it is
+generally growing, and in the year 1904, as published statistics show, it
+acquired in the United Kingdom an addition of 10,705 full members, with
+11,874 members on trial, and junior members 4,367; a total increase of
+26,946.
+
+
+
+THE WESLEYANS.
+
+
+The founder of this Society was, as its name implies, John Wesley,
+probably of the same stock as the great Duke of Wellington, whose family
+name was variously written Wellesley, or Wesley. {64}  We take the
+immediately following particulars mainly from the _History of England_,
+by Henry Walter, B.D. and F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College,
+Cambridge, Professor in the East India College, Hertford, Chaplain to the
+Duke of Northumberland, &c., &c., himself a Lincolnshire man.
+
+John and Charles Wesley were the second and third sons of Samuel Wesley,
+Rector of Epworth, near Gainsborough; {65} John being born in 1703 (June
+17), and Charles in 1708 (Dec. 18).  John was educated at the
+Charterhouse, and Charles at Westminster School.  In due course they both
+entered at Oxford University; John eventually being elected to a
+Fellowship at Lincoln College, and Charles to a Studentship at
+Christchurch.  In 1725 John was ordained deacon of the Church of England.
+He left Oxford for a time to act as his father’s curate, Charles remained
+as Tutor to his college.  He, with some of his undergraduate pupils,
+formed a custom of meeting on certain evenings every week for scripture
+study and devotion, they carefully observed the Church’s fasts and
+festivals, and partook of the Holy Communion every Sunday.  From the
+strict regularity of their lives the name was given to them, by those who
+were laxer in conduct, of “Methodists.”
+
+                        [Picture: Wesleyan Chapel]
+
+In 1729 the Rector of Lincoln College summoned John Wesley to resume
+residence at Oxford, and he became Tutor of the College.  In this
+capacity he was careful to look after the souls, as well as the
+intellectual training, of those under his influence.  The brothers began
+missionary work in Oxford, about the year 1730, in which they were
+assisted by a few other kindred spirits.  They visited the sick and
+needy, with the permission of the parish clergy, as well as offenders
+confined in the gaol.  This continued for some time, but gradually John
+began to long for a wider field for his spiritual energies.  He had
+gathered about him a small band of equally earnest associates, and they
+went out to Georgia, North America, in 1735, to work among the English
+settlers and North American Indians.  After two years John returned to
+England, in 1737, and then began the work of his life.
+
+It is said that he was a good deal influenced by the _De Imitatione
+Christi_ of Thomas a Kempis (of which he published an abridged edition in
+1777), {66a} also by Jeremy Taylor’s _Holy Living and Dying_; and he
+imputed his own conversion to his study of Law’s _Serious Call_.  His
+“first impression of genuine Christianity,” as he called it, was from the
+Moravian sect, with whom he came in contact at Hirnuth in Saxony, which
+he visited in 1738, after his return from America; but his complete
+“conversion,” he was wont to say, occurred at a meeting of friends, in
+Aldersgate Street, London, where one of them was reading Luther’s
+_Preface to St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans_, the exact time being 8.45
+p.m., May 24, 1738.
+
+Though taking an independent course, and appointing only lay workers as
+his agents, he regarded himself to the end of his days as an ordained
+minister of the Church of England, and his society as still being a part
+of it, and he urged all faithful Wesleyans to attend church service once
+on Sunday, and to receive the Holy Communion at church, it being only
+after his death that the society’s secession became complete. {66b}
+
+The first Wesleyan congregation of about 50 members, some of them
+Moravians, was formed in London, where they met in Fetter Lane, once a
+week; the first meeting being on May 1st, 1738, and from that day the
+society of “Methodists” may be regarded as having begun. {66c}  The birth
+of the sect in Lincolnshire may be said to date from his visit to
+Epworth, in 1742.
+
+In 1743 he divided the whole county into two sections, or circuits, the
+eastern and western.  Of the eastern Grimsby was the head; this included
+Horncastle, and gradually comprised some 15 other subsidiary centres,
+extending from Grimsby and Caistor in the north, to Holbeach in the
+south.
+
+His earliest recorded visit to Horncastle was in 1759, when he addressed
+a large concourse of people in a yard, supposed to be that of the Queen’s
+Head Inn, near the Market Place, on April 4th and 5th.  On July 18th,
+1761, he again preached here, and on July 18th, 1774, he addressed, as
+his journal states, “a wild unbroken herd.”  On July 6th, 1779, he says
+“I took my usual stand in the Market Place, Horncastle, the wild men were
+more quiet than usual, Mr. Brackenbury, J.P., of Raithby Hall, standing
+near me.”  This Mr. Robert Carr Brackenbury remained his firm friend
+through life; and we may here add that he granted to Wesley the use of
+his hay loft at Raithby for religious services, further securing the use
+of it in perpetuity, by his will, to the Wesleyan body, so that the
+curious anomaly has occurred that, when the hall was bought in 1848, by
+the Rev. Edward Rawnsley, the house became the residence of an Anglican
+clergyman, yet bound to allow the loft over his stable to be used for
+nonconformist worship.  In recent years the stable has been unused as
+such and the loft made more comfortable, being furnished with seats,
+pulpit, &c
+
+Wesley, throughout his life, generally visited Horncastle every two
+years, his death occurring on March 2nd, 1791.  There is in Westminster
+Abbey a mural memorial of John and Charles Wesley, having within a
+medallion, the bust-sized effigies of the two brothers, beneath which is
+inscribed the saying of Wesley, “The best of all is God with us.”  Below
+this, within a panel, is a representation of John Wesley, preaching from
+his father’s tomb in Epworth churchyard.  Beneath are two more quotations
+from his own words, “I look upon all the world as my parish,” and “God
+buries His workmen, but carries on His work.”  At the head of the slab is
+the inscription “John Wesley, M.A., born June 17th, 1703, died March 2nd,
+1791.  Charles Wesley, M.A., born December 18th, 1708, died March 29th,
+1788.”
+
+The growth of the society was not rapid, and for some years was subject
+to fluctuations.  In 1769 Grimsby had 56 members and Horncastle 42,
+including such well-known local names as Rayson and Goe.  In 1774 Grimsby
+had fallen to 32 members and Horncastle to about the same.  In 1780
+Horncastle had only 31 members, but the numbers had increased in the
+neighbourhood; Kirkby-on-Bain having nearly as many as Horncastle, viz.
+29, Wood Enderby 10, Hemingby 7, and Thimbleby 18; there being evidently
+a greater readiness to accept the new teaching among the simpler rural
+population.
+
+In 1786 Horncastle was made the head of a circuit to itself, and in that
+year the first chapel in the town was built, the whole circuit then
+numbering 620 members.  This chapel was near the site of the present
+Baptist place of worship.  A few years later the opposing barrier among
+the upper class seems in some degree to have given way, as, in 1792, we
+find the name of Joseph Bass, a “physician,” as “leader.”  In 1800 there
+was further growth in the country, Greetham having 21 and Fulletby 26;
+among the latter occurring the still well-known names of Winn (Richard
+and Elizabeth), 5 Riggalls, and 5 Braders.  By this time there were 6
+circuits formed in Lincolnshire, and congregations at Newark and
+Doncaster.
+
+Although there was a chapel at Horncastle there was no minister’s
+residence until after 1786.  At that date John Barritt rode over from
+Lincoln to preach, and finding no Wesleyan minister’s house, he was taken
+in and hospitably entertained by a Mr. Penistoun, who was “a great
+Culamite.”  After staying the night with him he rode on next day to
+Alford, for Sabbath duty.  On the death of John Wesley (1791) his mantle
+fell, and indeed, had already fallen, in several cases, on shoulders
+worthy of the commission which he conferred upon them.  The first
+resident ministers were the Rev. Thomas Longley, Superintendent; the
+above John Barritt was the second, and Richard Thoresby the third.
+
+Hitherto it had not been a service free from difficulty, or even danger.
+Itinerary ministers had to make their journeys on duty, often long and
+wearying, on horseback, over bad country roads, even occasionally
+incurring hardship and peril.  In 1743 Mr. John Nelson was sent by Wesley
+to Grimsby, and his journals describe severe labour and even persecution.
+Another pioneer, Thomas Mitchell, was thrown by a mob into a pool of
+water, and, when drenched, was painted white from head to foot.  He was
+afterwards thrown into a pond more than 12 feet deep, rescued and carried
+to bed by friends, he was thrice dragged out of his bed because he would
+not promise not to visit the place (Wrangle) again.  Wesley himself, in
+his journal (May 10, 1757) says “I preached to a mixed congregation, some
+serious, others drunk;” but on the other hand, in 1764, he preached, when
+the chapel “though having its galleries, was too small.”
+
+We have named John Barritt among the early Horncastle ministers.  He was
+preaching on one occasion at Boston, when a band of roughs forced their
+way into the chapel and interrupted the service, driving some of the
+congregation away.  He had, however, a more serious experience, from
+exposure to the roughness of the elements.  He was riding to Boston,
+apparently by a somewhat circuitous route, and a violent storm arose at
+sea.  When he was not far from the coast the sea bank gave way, the
+country was inundated, vessels were even carried some distance inland,
+Boston itself was deluged, and he might have been drowned, but that he
+managed to reach some high ground, and arrived safely at Sibsey.
+
+About this date, we are told, the progress of Wesleyanism excited the
+jealousy of the clergy, not so tolerant as they are now, and a meeting
+was held at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle, at which it was argued that the
+“spread of Methodism was one of the causes of the awful irreligion”
+prevalent, that the ministers were “raving enthusiasts, pretending to
+divine impulse, and thus obtained sway over the ignorant.”
+
+John Barritt was re-appointed to Horncastle in 1801, as Superintendent,
+his colleagues being Thomas Rought, John Watson, and Squire Brackenbury
+as supernumerary, the latter was also, about this time, appointed head of
+the society in Spilsby. {68a}  J. Barritt was grandfather of Robert
+Newton Barritt, who was very popular in Horncastle, 1882–1884.  Wesley’s
+characteristic advice to him had been “When thou speakest of opinions, or
+modes of worship, speak with coolness, but when thou speakest of
+Repentance, Faith and Holiness, then, if thou hast any zeal, show it!”
+and to these principles he was ever true.
+
+Other ministers of note at different periods were George Shadford, a name
+still surviving in the town; Charles Atmore, who wrote sundry Wesleyan
+hymns; Thomas Jackson, a great scholar, twice elected President of the
+National Conference; Digory Joll, grandfather of the present Mr. Watson
+Joll (to whom the writer owes much of the information here utilized); and
+to these we may add Benjamin Gregory, 1817; Robert Ramm and Robert
+Bryant, 1830; {68b} Bryant was called a “son of thunder,” from his great
+energy.
+
+In 1835 Leonard Posnet was a popular minister, not only in the town but
+in the country around, being much appreciated by the farmers from his
+intimate acquaintance with their avocation.  He was followed (1838–1840)
+by Joseph Kipling, grandfather of the now well-known Rudyard Kipling.
+Joseph Clapham was a faithful minister from 1843 to 1845, and was
+succeeded by (1845–1848) “Father” Crookes, “Preacher” Wood, and the
+“saintly” Fowler, who was said to have made 900 converts.
+
+Then followed Wright Shovelton, Martin Jubb, Peter Featherstone, Henry
+Richardson, and others, among whom it would be invidious to make
+distinctions.  We may add that a famous missionary of this sect was
+Thomas Williams, son of John Williams, a cabinet maker of Horncastle, the
+latter being an active member of the Wesleyan Sunday School Committee.
+His first wife, mother of the missionary, was Miss Hollingshead, who,
+with her mother, kept a girls’ school, near the Bow Bridge.  A _History
+of the Fiji Mission_, issued in 1858, says “The good ship Triton sailed
+from England, Sep. 14, 1839, carrying out the Rev. T. Williams, and his
+wife, to Lakamba, Fiji.”  They arrived there July 6, 1840.  He there
+built a mission house and chapel, where he laboured several years, the
+mission growing in extent, until it was beyond his strength.  In June,
+1852, Mr. Moore was appointed as a colleague to relieve him of some of
+the work, but again his health broke down, and he was obliged to leave,
+after 13 years’ hard labour, in July, 1853.  He went to Australia and
+took various charges in that country, being chosen President of the
+Mission at Ballarat in 1873.  He re-visited England in 1861, and again in
+1881, returning to Ballarat, as a supernumerary, but still officiating.
+The present writer well remembers the impression made by a lecture, given
+by Rev. T. Williams, at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle.
+
+                     [Picture: Wesleyan Day Schools]
+
+Among the latest ministers of note has been the Rev. John Percy, who gave
+up his charge as Superintendent in 1904, and was succeeded by the Rev. E.
+Hayward, who left Horncastle on Thursday, Aug. 29, 1907, for work at
+Bridlington; he was succeeded by Rev. John Turner, of Colchester, who was
+6 years ago in Louth Circuit, {70a} the Rev. G. German Brown continuing
+as assistant.  He was succeeded by the Rev. M. Philipson, B.A., coming,
+with his wife, since deceased (March 14, 1906), from Stanley, near
+Durham, where they were the recipients of valuable presents on their
+departure.
+
+In recent years no member of the society has been more valued than the
+late octogenarian, Mr. John Rivett, J.P., who died Sept 4, 1906.  For
+nearly 70 years he was a generous supporter of the cause; he represented
+the district at no less than 13 Conferences, in various parts of the
+country, and at the Leeds Conference, in 1882, he spoke for an hour and a
+quarter in advocacy of its principles.  Mr. Henry Lunn, of Horncastle and
+West Ashby, is also well known, as, for many years, an able local lay
+preacher and practical man of business; he was a representative at
+Conferences in London and at Burslem.
+
+Of the buildings in Horncastle, connected with this society, we have
+gathered the following details.  As already stated the first chapel was
+erected in Cagthorpe about the year 1786.  It stood a few yards to the
+north of the present Baptist place of worship, which is close to the
+north-west corner of the Wong.  The early history of this first erection
+is little known, but a letter written by Rev. T. Williams of Ballarat,
+dated May 10, 1889, to the late Mr. W. Pacy, states that, after some
+years, it was replaced by a larger building, of which the dimensions are
+elsewhere given, as being length 54-ft., by width 36-ft., with 4 large
+windows, having pointed heads, on the north side, and single windows on
+the south and west; a small porch at the south-east corner, facing the
+Baptist Chapel, giving entrance to the body and galleries; a door at the
+south-west end for the use of the minister, opening near the pulpit,
+which was at the west end; the eastern gable being the roadway boundary.
+Of these “pointed” windows the Rev. T. Williams says, “the lancet
+windows, with quarry panes, were a whim of Mr. Griggs Lunn and of my
+father.  Of this building some remains are still visible, to the height
+of about 3 feet, in the south wall of Mr. Scholey’s garden, about 50
+yards to the north of the Baptist Chapel.  Towards its erection a number
+of masons, joiners, and others, who could not afford subscriptions, gave
+their labours gratuitously.  Two houses for ministers were also built
+close by.
+
+In 1836 a third chapel was begun, on a new site in Union Street (now
+Queen Street), and was opened on Good Friday in the following year, the
+interior fittings being transferred from the second building in
+Cagthorpe.
+
+In 1866 a movement was commenced, with a view to the erection of a still
+larger chapel, and the present fine building was the result; opened in
+1869, with accommodation for over 1,000 persons (1024), at a cost of
+£5,876. {70b}  The Sunday School adjoining, with large class rooms and
+infant school being built in 1875, at a further outlay of £2,578.  The
+fittings of the chapel are of stained polished deal, the gallery front
+and pulpit are white, picked out with gold, the latter standing upon 4
+round-headed arches of light and graceful design.  A new organ was
+erected soon after the opening of this chapel, at a cost of £300, and in
+1883 the instrument was enlarged and improved.
+
+In 1886 the Centenary of Wesleyanism was celebrated and the occasion was
+marked by a strenuous effort to clear off the debt from the Horncastle
+Circuit.  This effort was supplemented by “Ye olde Englyshe Fayre,
+houlden in ye Exchange Hall, Nov. 20, 21 and 22, MDCCCLXXXVIII;” and at a
+tea gathering on March 12, 1889, it was stated that the original debt
+had, in the previous two years, been reduced to £60, and since then the
+whole had been cleared off, the exact sum raised being £1,526 2s. 4d.;
+while, as an evidence of the general prosperity of the Society, the
+Chairman stated that in the last 24 years debts had, throughout the
+country, been paid to the total amount of no less than £1,226,245. {71a}
+
+In 1860 a former foundry show room, in Foundry Street, built by the late
+Mr. Tupholme, was acquired through the generosity of Mr. J. Rivett, to be
+used as a mixed day school; it had one large general room, four
+classrooms, and two large yards, and afforded accommodation for more than
+400 scholars.  The premises cost £450, but before the school was opened
+some £1,300 had been spent in adapting them to educational purposes.
+This has now been superceded by an even more commodious building in
+Cagthorpe, on the south branch of the canal, at the corner near the Bow
+Bridge, opposite St. Mary’s Square, at a cost of £2,500.  It has a very
+large room for a mixed school, another for an infant school, with
+classrooms and everything required, in accordance with the latest
+conditions by Act of Parliament.  The foundation stone was laid June 22,
+1904, and the school was formally opened Jan. 4, 1905.
+
+A Young Men’s Institute was established in the beginning of 1889, by the
+Rev. G. White, then Superintendent Minister, for which the classroom of
+the Sunday School was to be available for their use, every evening except
+Sunday, supplied with daily papers, magazines, &c.; classes also being
+held for the consideration of important subjects and for mutual
+improvement; these are still continued.  There is also a Wesley Guild,
+which meets every Friday evening, in the band room, Queen Street, at 8
+o’clock, during the winter months, and on the first Friday evening in the
+month during the summer.  Marriages are celebrated in this chapel. {71b}
+
+
+
+THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS.
+
+
+We have given an account of the rise and progress of Wesleyanism, but, as
+that society eventually made a complete separation from the Church of
+England, of which its founder remained through life an ordained minister
+and communicant, so the seeds of disruption spread in itself.  At
+different periods it threw out off-shoots, amounting in all to some eight
+different daughter societies; such as those which are named “The Original
+Connection,” “The New Connection,” “The Primitive Methodists,” &c.  Of
+these the last alone is represented in Horncastle.  More than 50 years
+ago {71c} the Primitives had, in this country, 2,871 places of worship,
+with 369,216 sittings; with the exception of the “Original Connection,”
+none of the other off-shoots had then as many as 100,000 sittings.
+
+In Horncastle the first chapel, opened in 1821, was a small building,
+situated on the left side of what is now Watermill Yard, to the north of
+the town.  This proving too small for the growing congregation, a larger
+structure, an oblong building, with front gable at the east end and a
+gallery, was erected in 1837; the minister’s house being at the west end.
+This was about half way up Watermill Road, on the north side, now a
+stable, but still retaining a pointed window.  This building was of the
+date of the superintendency of the Rev. John Butcher.  The residence was
+found to be too damp to be comfortable, and a house was taken for him in
+Prospect Street.  In the early days of this chapel Mary Crossley, a
+Revivalist, occasionally preached here.  Possibly the services at this
+time were rather too demonstrative, as they were not unfrequently
+interrupted by roughs, and the sect acquired the name of “The Ranters.”
+{72}  An amusing anecdote is related of Mr. Butcher; he was a somewhat
+eccentric character, and in the discharge of his intinerant ministrations
+he usually rode on a donkey, sometimes accompanied by her foal; and a
+waggish passer-by on the road is said, on one occasion, to have saluted
+them with the greeting “Good morning, ye three,” adding _sotto voce_,
+“donkeys.”
+
+After a few years this second chapel was found lacking in accommodation
+and a third building, the present edifice, was erected in Prospect
+Street, in the year 1853, with sittings for 380, at a cost of about
+£1,100.  As this is a substantial structure, likely to last for many
+years, we may here describe it.  It is of red brick, except the arch of
+the western door, which has a band of white bricks; the bricks are larger
+than usual, being 3¼ inches in thickness.  The entrance has a double door
+opening into a lobby, at each end of which is a staircase, leading to the
+north and south galleries.  There is a window on each side of the door,
+three windows above, and over them, in the gable, a stone, with the
+inscription “Primitive Methodist Chapel, 1853.”  At the east end of the
+interior is a Rostrum, 12-ft. long, divided into two stages, the front
+one being 8 inches above the floor, the second, behind it, about 4½-ft.
+high, with access by steps at both ends.  The front of this platform has
+slender piers, supported by lancet arches, with trefoils and quatrefoils
+between, giving a graceful effect, and painted white, gold, and grey,
+with a background chocolate in colour.  At the back of the rostrum are
+eight arches in the pannelling.  This is said to have been a copy of the
+arrangement in Bardney Chapel.  Over the rostrum is a recess in the east
+wall, containing the harmonium, which cost 40 gs., and seats for the
+choir.  The sittings in the body of the chapel are of stained and
+varnished deal.  At the rear of the chapel, entered by doors at each side
+of the rostrum, is a large room for the Sunday School, with two smaller
+class rooms above it.  The erection of this building was due to the
+exertions of the Rev. J. Haigh, who was appointed minister in 1850, and
+as an exception to the usual custom, he was requested to continue his
+ministry for four years.  We may add that, at the opening service of this
+third chapel the ministers present were Rev. J. Haigh, as Superintendent;
+Rev. T. Fletcher; Rev. R. Pinder, then at Coningsby; Rev. J. Garbutt,
+Supernumerary, from West Ashby.  The Rev. T. Fletcher was appointed as
+Second Minister in Horncastle, at that time, for two years; he became in
+1872 Superintendent Minister for three years, and again 1884 for four
+years, leaving for Market Rasen in 1888.  During the ministry of Rev. J.
+Haigh in Horncastle, several chapels were built in the neighbourhood.
+
+Horncastle was at first included in the Lincoln Circuit, but in 1837, at
+the building of the second chapel it was constituted a separate circuit,
+and when the third chapel was erected, in 1853, Coningsby was made a
+branch of Horncastle.
+
+The first preacher who visited Horncastle was a female, Jane Brown by
+name, who is said to have walked from Lincoln to Horncastle on a Sunday
+morning, giving an address in the Market Place in the afternoon, and in
+the evening holding a service in a house, now forming part of the back
+premises of the Red Lion Hotel.  The first local preachers were also
+females, Mary Allen and Mary Clarke.  The first two female members were
+Mary Elwin and Martha Belton.
+
+Mr. Butcher having been the first resident minister, was succeeded by the
+Rev. C. Smith, who worked here and in various other places during 50
+years, and then retired to York as supernumerary.  The Rev. William Rose,
+who had been Second Minister in 1850, was appointed Superintendent in
+1875, and remained two years.  A few years later the Rev. J. Pickwell
+(1888–90) was Superintendent, with Rev. W. Whitaker as Second Minister;
+the former first joined the society as a scholar in 1849, being numbered
+among the local members, he afterwards removed to Lincoln, and acted as
+Itinerant Minister for 33 years before returning to Horncastle in 1888.
+Mr. Pickwell was succeeded by Rev. William Kitson as Superintendent, with
+Rev. R. H. Auty as Second Minister.  Mr. Kitson retained his post during
+four years, when he left for Market Rasen.  Mr. Auty was followed, as
+Second Minister, by Rev. John Bowness, and he, in turn, by Rev. Thomas
+Stones.
+
+In 1894 the Rev. John Featherstone succeeded to the ministry, with Rev.
+W. J. Leadbetter as Second Minister, both these stayed to their second
+year, Mr. Featherstone dying in 1896.  In that year the Rev. John Worsnop
+was appointed, with Rev. A. W. Bagnall as Second Minister; the former
+retained his post during five years; Mr. Bagnall two years, being
+succeeded in 1898 by Rev. Walter Tunley, and he, in 1899, by the Rev.
+George H. Howgate, who stayed two years.  In 1900 Rev. J. Worsnop retired
+to Newcastle-on-Tyne, and died there in Dec., 1904.
+
+In 1901 the Rev. Matthew H. Chapman became Superintendent Minister, with
+Rev. J. A. Kershaw as Second, both remaining during two years.  In 1903
+the Rev. Robert B. Hauley succeeded, with Rev. J. Cousin as assistant,
+both remaining two years.  In 1905 (July) the former left for Kirkby
+Stephen, Westmoreland, the latter for a circuit in Shropshire.  They were
+followed by the Rev. E. Allport, from Skegness, as Superintendent, Sept.
+1905; and Rev. E. J. Hancox from Doncaster.  In June of that year the
+annual Conference was held at Scarborough.
+
+We will now put together a few details of the origin of this society.
+Hugh Bourne was born at Stoke-upon-Trent, April 3, 1772. {73}  Although
+his family was said to be ancient, his ancestors having come to England
+at the Norman Conquest, he belonged to a humble rank in life, living at
+Ford Hays Farm.  He was in early life educated by his mother, a godly
+woman, and while very young he learnt by heart the Te Deum, the Litany,
+and much of the prayers of the Church of England.  He worked for his
+father, and an uncle who was a millwright, but found time to study
+hydrostatics, pneumatics, natural philosophy, as well as Hebrew, Greek
+and Latin.  His mother’s influence had given him a serious bent of mind,
+and he early acquired strong religious convictions.  His biographer says
+of him “He tells, in child-like simplicity, how, when only four or five
+years old, he pondered over thoughts of heaven and hell, the last
+judgment, and other solemn subjects.  During the next 20 years his inner
+life was one of hopes and fears, doubt and faith, conflict and victory.”
+
+His mother, going to Burslem on business, borrowed of a Wesleyan friend,
+some religious books, among them being Baxter’s _Call to the
+Unconverted_, Allen’s _Alarm_, and a sermon by Wesley on _The Trinity_.
+Her son Hugh naturally read these, and Wesley’s sermon made a great
+impression upon him.  One Sunday morning he was sitting in his room,
+reading Fletcher’s Letters on _The Spiritual Manifestation of the Son of
+God_, when he declares that he was led “to believe with his heart unto
+righteousness, and with his mouth to make confession unto salvation.”
+This was in his 27th year, A.D. 1799.  He joined the Wesleyan society in
+June of that year, the special occasion being a love feast at Burslem, to
+which he was taken by an aged neighbour, a farmer near Bemersley, named
+Birchenough, at whose house services were conducted, who offered him a
+ticket which constituted him a member, and thus in his own words I was
+“made a member without knowing it.”
+
+As we shall presently see Hugh Bourne became one of the two originators
+of the Primitive community, the other was his friend and neighbour
+William Clowes, a sketch of his career was published some years ago, {74}
+from which we cull the leading particulars.  He was born at Burslem 12th
+March, 1780, his mother, a daughter of Aaron Wedgewood, being a near
+relation of Josiah of that name, the inventor of the famous Wedgwood
+pottery.  At ten years of age (1790) he began work in his uncle’s
+pottery, which he continued for several years.  At that time dancing,
+gambling and pugilism were the chief amusement of the factory men and
+colliers of Staffordshire, and for some years he led a wild life of
+dissipation, yet this was accompanied, at times, with a sense of
+self-condemnation and spiritual consciousness.  “When I was ten years
+old,” he says, “I remember being at a prayer meeting conducted by Nancy
+Wood, of Burslem, in her father’s house, when, convinced of the sin of
+disobedience to my parents, I wept bitterly.”  Conflicts between good and
+evil continued to disturb him for several years.  When a young man, at a
+dance in Burslem, he was so suddenly convicted of sin, that he abruptly
+withdrew.  Shortly afterwards he married, but he and his wife quarralled
+so violently that he left her, and went off, taking with him only his
+mother’s prayer book.  After some wandering, without a penny in his
+pocket, he returned and begged his wife to attend the Wesleyan Chapel
+regularly with him, but she refused.  He then, prayer book in hand, took
+an oath that he would serve God and avoid dissipation.  This oath,
+however, was broken; but once more in the early hour of a cold January
+morning he went forth, and seeing a faint light burning in a window, he
+entered the house, to find a few humble methodists gathered for an early
+prayer meeting.  There, he says, he knelt unnoticed, but there he “died
+to sin, and was born of God.  This, I said, is what they call being
+converted.  I was fully persuaded that I was justified by faith, and had
+peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ.”  From that day, Jan.
+20th, 1805, he began a new life.
+
+The time now approaches when the two, Hugh Bourne and William Clowes
+began the great work of their life.  At the beginning of the 19th century
+Bourne, being much employed at Harriseahead, near Bemersley, was shocked
+at the general lack of the means of grace, and he endeavoured in 1800 and
+1801 to promote a revivalist movement.  Daniel Shubotham, a boxer,
+poacher, and ringleader in wickedness, was brought, through Bourne’s
+influence, to the Saviour, on Christmas day 1800, and with his natural
+energy of character took up the cause.  Matthias Bailey, another of
+Bourne’s old associates was also won over, and cottage prayer meetings
+were begun among the colliers.  A meeting upon Mow Cop was proposed for a
+day given to prayer.  At this time Lorenzo Dow, an American Wesleyan
+visited the Black Country, as the coal district of Staffordshire was
+called.  He spoke of the American camp meetings, himself preaching at
+Congleton, when Hugh Bourne, with his brother James, was present; William
+Clowes being also a hearer.  They bought books of Lorenzo Dow, which had
+a marked effect on the future.  On May 31st, 1807, a camp meeting was
+held on Mow Cop, a hill in the neighbourhood, Bourne and Clowes being
+present.  Stands were erected and addresses given from four points.
+Bourne organized two companies, who continued by turns praying all the
+day; others giving accounts of their spiritual experiences, among whom
+Clowes was prominent, and his words are “The glory that filled my soul on
+that day exceeds my powers of description.”  Persons were present on this
+occasion from Kilham in Yorkshire and other distant places, one, Dr. Paul
+Johnson, a friend of Lorenzo Dow, coming from Ireland.
+
+The movement had now taken definite form and substance.  Another camp
+meeting followed at the same place on July 19, lasting three days; a
+third on August 16th, at Brown Edge; a fourth on August 23rd, at
+Norton-in-the-Moors.  At this time was held the Annual Wesleyan
+Conference, at which handbills were issued denouncing this separate
+movement.  For a brief moment Bourne, Clowes and Shubotham hesitated; but
+the question was seriously considered at a meeting at the house of a
+friend, Joseph Pointon, when it was “revealed” to Bourne that the camp
+meetings “should not die, but live;” and from that moment he “believed
+himself to be called of God” for the new work; and shortly his brother
+James, James Nixon, Thomas Cotton, and others, gave themselves to the
+cause.
+
+For some years the labours of these men and their associates were chiefly
+devoted to the pottery and colliery districts of Staffordshire, where a
+remarkable change was brought about in the moral condition of the
+hitherto almost brutalized people.  The area of work was then gradually
+enlarged, extending throughout the whole country, and even, as we shall
+presently see, beyond it.  The following are a few personal details of
+Hugh Bourne’s subsequent career.
+
+In 1808, on his way to Bemersley from Delamere Forest, an impression
+forced itself upon him that he would shortly be expelled from the
+Wesleyan connexion; on reaching home he found that a rumour to this
+effect was being circulated, and in June of that year the formal sentence
+of expulsion was carried out.  He continued to devote himself to the work
+of evangelization, urging however all others to join whatever
+denomination they were themselves most inclined for.
+
+He preached his first sermon at Tunstall, on Nov. 12, 1810, in a kitchen
+which had been licensed for preaching three years before.  It was not
+plastered or ceiled, so that if not required at any future time, it might
+be converted into a cottage, which took place in 1821, when a chapel was
+erected.  At the Conference held at Newcastle-on-Tyne, in 1842, he was
+most regretfully placed on the retired list, on account of his impaired
+health, a yearly pension of £25 being assigned to him.  He was still,
+however, to be at liberty to visit different parts of the connection; and
+during the next ten years of his superannuation he kept up a very wide
+correspondence on religious matters, and made a missionary visit to
+America.  The last conference which he attended was at Yarmouth, in 1851.
+For several years he had felt a premonition that the year 1852 would be
+his last.  The last sermon which he preached was at Norton Green, on Feb.
+22, 1852; and on Oct. 11, in that year, he surrendered his happy spirit
+into the hands of God, who gave it, when “the weary wheels of life stood
+still.”  His chief residence would appear to have been at Bemersley,
+where it was long felt that they had lost in him “a man of great faith
+and mighty prayer.”
+
+We now pass over a period of several years.  Clowes received a call to
+Hull.  He had crowded the work of a life-time into some 17 years, and his
+health was now far from good.  At a meeting in December, 1827, he
+exhibited such weakness as showed that he had done his best work.
+However, he continued to reside in Hull and visited other places from
+there, as his strength allowed.  It is certain that he visited
+Horncastle, for an old lady, Mrs. Baildham, who died in May, 1900, having
+been a member of the connection more than 70 years, frequently asserted
+that she had heard both Clowes and his wife preach in, presumably, the
+second chapel in Mill Lane.
+
+At the Conference in 1842, 35 years after the first camp meeting on Mow
+Cop, both Clowes and Bourne were present; but the assembly was saddened
+to see the original founders, of what was now a thoroughly established
+and wide-spread community, both shattered in health and broken by toil.
+Nine years later Clowes said to a friend “I feel myself failing fast, I
+am fully prepared.”  He spoke of the glories of heaven, and said “I shall
+possess it all through the merits of Christ.”  His speech began to fail,
+but he got downstairs, and once more led his class.  On the Saturday he
+attended a committee meeting; on Sunday he was too weak to go to chapel;
+on Monday there was further weakness; early on Tuesday slight paralysis;
+and on March 2, 1851, he quietly passed to his rest, aged 71.  The people
+of Hull were greatly moved, and many thousands lined the streets as the
+funeral procession passed to the grave, at which the Rev. William Harland
+briefly recited the story of the good man’s work.
+
+Of the general progress of the connexion, we may say, that down, to 1870
+it was simply a Home and Colonial body, but, in that year, the Norwich
+branch sent out the missioners, Burnett and Roe, to the island of
+Fernando Po, on the west coast of Africa.  This was in response to an
+appeal from the Fernandians, who had been converted by a member of the
+connexion, Ship Carpenter Hands, of the ship Elgiva, who, with his godly
+Captain, Robinson, had in the course of trade visited that country.  The
+same year also saw a mission established at Aliwal North, in the eastern
+province of Cape Colony.
+
+In 1884 the Primitive Methodists of Canada formed themselves into an
+independent community, although with expressions of mutual good will on
+both sides; their numbers at that time were 8223, with 99 travelling and
+246 local ministers, and 237 chapels.
+
+From the middle of the 19th century to its close was a period of great
+expansion, a return in 1888 reporting the existence in Great Britain of
+4,406 chapels, there having been in 1843 only 1278.  In 1864 Elmfield
+College was opened at York, as a middle class school, one of their best;
+John Petty being first Warden; in 1876 a college was opened at
+Birmingham, named after the great founder, “Bourne College.”  At
+Sunderland a Theological College was opened in 1868, the former Infirmary
+building being bought; and here, from that date till 1881, Dr. William
+Antliff, assisted, and afterwards, succeeded by Mr. T. Greenfield,
+trained candidates for the ministry.  The college was afterwards
+transferred to a new building at Alexandra Park, Manchester.
+
+In 1889, at the 70th Annual Conference, held in Bradford, the membership
+of the society numbered 194,347, with 1,038 itinerant and 16,229 local
+preachers; 430,641 Sunday School scholars, 4,436 chapels and 1,465
+smaller places of worship; the value of the connexion’s property being
+estimated at over £3,218,320.
+
+For these details I am largely indebted to the notes of the late Mr.
+William Pacy, of the Wong, Horncastle, and to the courtesy of the Rev. R.
+B. Hanley, Minister 1903–5.
+
+
+
+THE INDEPENDENTS.
+
+
+Next in size to the Wesleyan Chapel and its Sunday Schools, on the west
+side of Queen Street, are the Chapel and Sunday Schools of the
+Independent, or Congregational, community, which stand nearly opposite,
+on the east side of the same street; the former being a handsome
+substantial building of brick, enclosed by a high wall, and tall iron
+rails and gate, to the precincts in front, at the north end.  Its
+dimensions are 50-ft. by 36-ft., with schools behind, of the same solid
+structure, as will be seen hereafter, erected at a later date.
+
+Like the Baptists this society dates from the time of the Commonwealth,
+or even earlier, though at first known by a different name.  They arose,
+indeed, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.  The persecutions of
+Protestants, under Queen Mary, drove many to take refuge in Germany and
+in Geneva, where they became familiar with the worship of the sects
+established there, which, as an unchecked reaction from the superstitious
+and elaborate ceremonies of Roman Catholicism, took a more extreme form
+than the carefully developed Reformation of the English Church allowed.
+These persons, returning to England in the reign of Elizabeth, found, as
+it seemed to them, too much Romish doctrine and practice still retained;
+the Reformation, according to their ideas, had not gone far enough.
+
+The Queen, as head of the English Church, was not disposed to listen to
+their demands for further change, and they were themselves too much
+divided to have the power to enforce them; dissension and disruption were
+the consequence.  A chief mover in this process of disintegration was
+one, Robert Brown, who founded a sect called the “Brownists.”  He was the
+son of a Mr. Anthony Brown, of Tolethorpe near Stamford, in Rutlandshire,
+whose father, a man of good position, had obtained the singular privilege
+(granted only to others of noble birth) by a Charter of Henry VIII., of
+wearing his cap in the presence of Royalty.  Robert Brown was educated at
+Cambridge, graduating from Corpus Christi College, and became a
+Schoolmaster in Southwark.  About 1580 he began to put forward opinions
+condemnatory of the established church.  He held, as opposed to the
+uniformity of worship by law established, that each minister, with his
+congregation, were “a law unto themselves;” that each such small
+community had a right to be independent of all others; that it was not
+ordination which gave a minister authority to preach, but the fact that
+he was the nominee of a congregation; that councils or synods might be
+useful in giving advice, but that they could not enforce their decisions,
+and had no punitory power of censure, or excommunication, against any who
+chose to adopt an independent course.
+
+Such opinions, put forward in somewhat intemperate language, aroused much
+opposition and bitter feeling, which Brown was too impetuous to avoid, or
+to mitigate.  He continued his teaching and presently formed a
+congregation at Norwich, holding his views.
+
+An Act of Parliament had been recently passed (23 Eliz., c. 2) which made
+anyone guilty of felony who should write, or set forth, seditious matter;
+and the Queen, as supreme head of the Church, regarded Brown’s action as
+an interference with the Royal prerogative.  Severe measures were adopted
+in order to restrain this new teaching.  Two preachers, Elias Thacker and
+John Copping, who embraced and proclaimed these tenet, were tried at the
+Bury Assizes in 1583, condemned, and shortly afterwards hanged.  Brown
+was himself thrown into prison, but released through the intercession of
+Lord Burghley, with whom he was connected.
+
+He now left England, and, with a number of followers settled, by
+permission of the state, at Middlebourg, in Zealand, where they formed a
+congregation.  There, however, freed from all restraint, their principles
+of independence carried them so far that differences arose among
+themselves, which broke up the community.  Brown presently returned to
+England, and for a time conformed to the Church, which he had so freely
+abused, being allowed even to hold the Benefice of Thorpe Achurch, in
+Northamptonshire.  But again and again his independence asserted itself,
+and it is said that he incurred imprisonment no less than 32 times,
+finally ending his days in Northampton jail.  While at Middlebourg he had
+published, in 1582, a book entitled _A Treatise of Reformation_, of which
+he sent many copies to England, and it was for distributing these, and
+other of his pamphlets, that the two above-named offenders were executed.
+{78}  (Collier’s _Ecclesiastical History_.)
+
+The movement which Brown originated did not die with himself, and in 1593
+a congregation of Brownists was formed in London, which numbered some
+20,000 members.  A few years later their obnoxious tenets again provoked
+persecution, and once more they had to take refuge on the continent.
+Churches were established by them at Amsterdam and elsewhere, the
+principal one being at Leyden, under the Rev. John Robinson, who
+afterwards came to be regarded as the founder of Independency.  He was a
+man of considerable attainments; of more genuine piety than the impetuous
+Brown; and while equally with him, holding that each congregation was in
+itself a perfect and independent church, under Christ, he would avoid all
+bitter invective against other communities, who, with different
+regulations, might still be regarded equally as churches.
+
+Although the Brownists had no regularly ordained ministry; as newly
+constituted under Robinson, there were a number of ministers elected by
+the congregations, and no one was allowed to teach publicly until, after
+due examination, he had been pronounced qualified for the work.  The
+Independents differ chiefly from other religious societies, in that they
+reject all creeds of fallible man, their test of orthodoxy being a
+declaration that they accept the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and adhere to
+the scriptures as the sole standard of faith and practice.
+
+In 1616 a number of the society again returned to England under the
+leadership of Henry Jacobs, who had served under Robinson, and once more
+established a meeting house in London; while others, in charge of a Mr.
+Brewster, who had been a lay Elder, also under Robinson, went out, in
+1620, to North America, in the good ship Mayflower, and another vessel,
+and founded a colony at Massachusetts.
+
+Although, as has been already stated, under the influence of Robinson
+sectarian bitterness was much modified, yet throughout the reigns of
+James I. and Charles I., the Independents were in frequent conflict with
+the Presbyterians; nor was there only sectarian strife, for both parties
+had numerous supporters in Parliament, as well as partizans in the army.
+Preaching Generals and praying Captains abounded; but Cromwell favoured
+the Independents, as against Presbyterians, and this gradually paved the
+way for toleration.
+
+                [Picture: Interior Congregational Chapel]
+
+At the “Savoy Conference” in London (so called because held at the palace
+of that name), in 1658, the Independents published an epitome of their
+faith, and henceforth, with occasional interruptions, they held on their
+way; although it was not till 1831 that the “Congregational Union of
+England and Wales” was finally and fully constituted.  They again
+published, in 1833, a more definite “Declaration of Faith, Order, and
+Discipline,” which continues still to be the charter of the community.
+
+We have seen that in the early annals of this society the name of John
+Robinson stood high in general estimation, but his was by no means the
+only honoured name.  Among early members of mark was Dr. John Owen, of
+Queen’s College, Oxford, a learned writer, and Chancellor of the
+University in 1652; he became Chaplain to Protector Cromwell, as an
+Independent.  The Rev. Isaac Watts, who had been tutor to the sons of Sir
+John Hartop, became the popular minister of a Congregational Chapel, in
+Mark Lane, London, in 1693.  Dr. Philip Doddridge was also a valued
+member, as Minister at Norwich, Northampton, Kibworth near Market
+Harborough, and other places.  From his candour and learning he held
+friendly relations with the highest dignitaries of the established
+church; he is chiefly known for his two great works, _The Rise and
+Progress of Religion in the Soul_, and his _Family Expositor_.  To the
+regret of many he died of consumption, at a comparatively early age, in
+1751, at Lisbon, whither he had been ordered by his doctors for the
+milder climate.  The friend and biographer of the last-named, Mr. John
+Orton, was another esteemed member, who published several valuable works,
+he died in 1783.
+
+Another was Robert Hall, who ministered at Cambridge, Leicester and
+Bristol, where he died in 1831.  He was a great writer and very eloquent
+preacher.  Professedly he was a Baptist, but he frequently occupied
+Independent platforms, and admitted that he had more feeling of
+fellowship with an Independent than with a strict Baptist. {80a}  None of
+these, however, was more highly esteemed than Dr. Isaac Taylor, of
+Norwich and Colchester, author of several instructive works, and commonly
+called “the glory of the Independents.”  He died in 1829.
+
+By the year 1851 this community had grown to such dimensions that it had,
+in England and Wales, 3,244 chapels, with a membership of 1,002,307.
+{80b}
+
+The connection of the Congregationalists with Horncastle is of
+comparatively recent date, and the evidence on this subject is somewhat
+conflicting.  Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, published in 1820,
+does not name them, in his list of Nonconformists, as existing here at
+that time, but Saunders’ _History_, published in 1836, gives them with
+the others.  Hence they would appear to have established themselves in
+the town somewhere between those two dates; yet there exists a curious
+small publication, entitled “The Confession of Faith of the Society of
+his Majesty’s Protestant subjects (dissenting from the Church of England)
+called Independents, in Horncastle, in the County of Lincoln, and places
+adjacent, Framed in the year of Christ, 1781, by W. R. Lincoln, printed
+by S. Simmons.” {80c}
+
+The inference from these facts would seem to be, that, at that date,
+1781, there was an Independent congregation in the town, probably small,
+consisting of “W.R.” and his personal adherents; as the wording of the
+confession is said {80d} to be very remarkable, and indeed unique, “W.R.”
+was evidently rather of an eccentric turn of mind, which led him to
+publish this authoritative statement of Faith.
+
+The society, probably, in a few years became extinct, and it is not till
+the year 1820 that we find any sign of their revival.  _The Church Book_
+supplies the following details: In 1820 certain worshippers in the
+Wesleyan Chapel of that day, finding their religions views not in accord
+with general Wesleyan sentiment, decided to erect a chapel of their own;
+and for this purpose they selected a site in East Street, at the north
+west corner of Foundry Street, where now stands the house, 42, East
+Street.  This building was opened for public worship on March 22, 1821;
+the morning preacher being the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln, the Rev. John
+Pain, a Hoxton student, preaching in the afternoon, and the Rev. Thomas
+Hayes of Boston, in the evening.
+
+Mr. Pain officiated for a few weeks and then returned to Hoxton to
+complete his education for the ministry.  He had, however, left a
+pleasing impression behind him, and he was afterwards invited, in an
+address signed by 130 of the townsfolk, to come and settle among them as
+their first permanent minister.  He commenced his labours, in that
+capacity, in July of the same year.  Under his ministry the congregation
+rapidly increased, and the first chapel was soon found to be too small;
+and in September of the same year a new site was purchased at the
+north-east corner of Union Street, now Queen Street.  While this chapel
+was being built (which is still their place of worship) they were allowed
+by the Wesleyans to make use of their chapel, at stated times; some of
+their services also being, for the time, held at the British Schools, on
+the site of which the 1st Volunteer Drill Hall was afterwards erected,
+now the carriage repository of Messrs. Danby & Cheseldine.
+
+At the opening of this chapel, on March 28, 1822, the Rev. George
+Waterbourne, of Dewsbury, preached in the morning, and the Rev. Joseph
+Gilbert, of Hull, in the evening.  On Thursday, May 9th, following, seven
+persons formally announced themselves to be a church on Independent
+principles, viz., William Barton and his daughter Mary, John Jackson and
+Elizabeth his wife, William Parker (Solicitor), Mary Ball and Rebecca
+Brown.  The Rev. John Pain was duly ordained to the ministry on May 10,
+those officiating on the occasion being the Rev. W. Harris, LL.D.,
+Theological Tutor of the Hoxton Academy, the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln,
+and Rev. J. Gilbert of Hull.  In July of that year three members were
+added to the church, in 1823 eight more were enrolled, in 1824 three
+more, and in 1825 six joined.
+
+During this year a vestry was built at the back of the chapel; in May of
+the same year a Sunday School was commenced, which at the end of the year
+numbered 60 scholars; and the congregation gradually grew, year by year,
+until Mr. Pain died in 1844 (April 11).  He was much beloved, and had
+brought into the fold about 150 members.  He was interred in the chapel
+yard, a large stone on the west side marking his grave, while a tablet on
+the south wall, at the east end of the interior of the chapel bears this
+inscription, “Sacred to the memory of the Rev. John Pain, who was
+ordained Pastor over this church and congregation, Anno Domini 1821.  As
+a minister he was talented, zealous and useful, his chief desire being to
+bring men unto God.  As a man he was amiable and affectionate, his
+private life bearing testimony to the truth of those counsels he publicly
+taught.  He departed this life April 11th, 1844, aged 44 years.”  The
+inscription on the tombstone is a long one, in verse, to which is added
+an epitaph to “Esther, Relict of the above,” who “died in London, Feb. 1,
+1868, aged 64.  With Christ.”
+
+Of all the ministers of this chapel Mr. Pain was probably the most
+valued, and his memory is still cherished.  We may add that he was born
+in Gloucester, a descendant, on his mother’s side, of the old and
+honourable family of the D’Oyleys, whose seat is at Adderbury,
+Oxfordshire.  His father was many years Pastor of the Independent Church
+of Forest Green, Gloucestershire, his mother being daughter of a Church
+of England clergyman.  An engraving of him is still preserved, framed, in
+the vestry of the chapel.
+
+Mr. Pain was succeeded in the ministry of the chapel by the Rev. J.
+Kelsey in 1844; he died in Adelaide, South Australia; and from 1845 to
+1848 the Rev. W C. Fisher held the post.  The Rev. Samuel Gladstone
+succeeded him, and officiated from 1848 to 1853.  He afterwards went to
+Sleaford.
+
+The Rev. J. G. Roberts was Minister from 1853 to 1856.  He married a
+daughter of the late Mr. T. Meredith; there being a tablet to the memory
+of the latter, on the west side of the south wall of the chapel, with
+this inscription, “In affectionate remembrance of Mr. Thomas Meredith,
+who departed this life July 30, 1858, aged 66 years.  As for me I will
+behold Thy face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied when I awake with
+thy likeness.”
+
+The Rev. Thomas Betty succeeded in 1857, and held office till 1863, when
+his health broke down; his last entry in the books was written on Feb.
+19, 1863, “God bless them all, church and congregation, Amen.”  He
+returned and died at Knottingley, March 26, 1865.  During his ministry a
+debt of £75 on the chapel was paid off, and in 1859 a minister’s house
+was purchased for £250, and some £30 spent in repairs, the money being
+raised by a bazaar.
+
+The Rev. Thomas Lord followed in 1863, and ministered till 1866.  He
+succeeded in paying off the debt on the British School, and on leaving
+the town was presented with a handsome timepiece by the Committee of the
+School.  He had as a youth attended the chapel of Dr. Doddridge (already
+named) in Northampton, but left there in 1834.  His first pastorate had
+been at Wollaston, from 1834 to 1845; then removing to Brigstock, where
+he ministered from 1845 until his transfer to Horncastle in 1863. {82}
+
+He was succeeded by the Rev. J. E. Whitehead, from 1867 to 1871.  During
+his ministry several improvements were effected in the interior of the
+chapel, including the erection of a commodious platform; oak furniture
+and elegant fittings being added, and the seats of the choir re-arranged.
+
+The Rev. W. Rose followed from 1872 to 1878.  He had been stationed at
+Portsea, but visited Horncastle in July, 1872, to preach for Home
+Missions, and was afterwards invited to undertake the ministry here.
+Being a native of Boston, and having resided for some time in Spilsby, he
+was glad to return to his native county, and commenced his ministry in
+January, 1873.  During his pastorate the old seats in the body of the
+chapel were removed, and modern open benches substituted.  In 1874 a plot
+of land was offered by the late Mr. W. A. Rayson for new school premises.
+Mr. Rose and the late Mr. J. E. Ward, as Treasurer and Secretary, took up
+the matter, and the present schools were erected on the south of the
+chapel.  On the ground floor is a spacious room, 39-ft. long by 24-ft.
+wide; there is a vestry for the minister, an infant classroom, and a
+kitchen with convenient arrangements for tea meetings; above are six
+large classrooms for boys and girls.  These were opened April 29, 1875;
+among the contributors being Mr. Samuel Morley of London, at one time
+President of the Society, and Sir Titus Salt, who both, with Mr. W. A.
+Rayson, gave £50 each.
+
+After Mr. Rose’s retirement both he and Mrs. Rose still continued to take
+a kindly interest in matters connected with the chapel.  She was a member
+of a highly respectable family in the neighbourhood, being a daughter of
+Mr. Searby of Wainfleet.  Her health, however, was latterly precarious,
+and she died May 16, 1879, her husband dying Dec. 10, in the same year.
+They were both interred at Spilsby.  Mr. Rose was highly esteemed among
+all denominations; was on cordial terms of intimacy with the Rev. Arthur
+Scrivenor, then Vicar of Horncastle; and, among other duties, he acted on
+a committee at Woodhall Spa, in connection with a Cottage Hospital for
+the poor, in which he took great interest, and which was carried on by
+the writer of these pages, then Vicar of Woodhall Spa.
+
+Mr. Rose was succeeded by the Rev. W. T. Poole, of Paulers’ Pury,
+Northants; a former Scripture Reader at Reading, who ministered here from
+1878 to 1880, when he was transferred to Bracknall, Berks.  He was
+followed by a Nottingham student, the Rev. W. Archer, from 1881 to 1885.
+Then came the Rev. J. H. Dingle, of Ruskington, near Sleaford, from 1885
+to 1886, when he left for a charge at Patricroft, near Manchester.
+During his pastorate a very successful Bazaar was held in November, 1886,
+from the proceeds of which the manse was further improved, and the chapel
+again renovated, with decorations from the designs of Mr. C. H. Stevens.
+
+Then followed an interval of two years, during which the chapel was
+served by students of the college at Nottingham.  In 1888 the Rev. G.
+Luckett succeeded, coming from Long Sutton, and held office till Sept.,
+1893, when he was transferred to Curry Rivell, Somerset.  An interval
+here again occurred, during which Mr. J. T. Whitehead and other
+Nottingham students took the duties, Mr. Whitehead afterwards accepting a
+pastorate in Lancashire.
+
+In January, 1894, the Rev. Sidney Benjamin Dixon began his ministry,
+which he continued till December, 1897, when he was transferred to
+Tetsworth, Oxfordshire.  For more than a year Nottingham students again
+performed the duties; and in November, 1899, the Rev. John Pogson, B.D.,
+entered on his ministry, which he continued until 1905, when he was
+transferred to Whitworth, near Rochdale.  Early in 1907 (Feb. 13) the
+Rev. J. H. Dingle, who had held the office in 1886, was re-appointed,
+having served, as above, 12 years at Patricroft, and afterwards at
+Newmarket and Sheffield.
+
+There is one more tablet in the chapel, which we have not mentioned; it
+is on the west wall, “In affectionate remembrance of Jane, the beloved
+wife of William Wood, who died May 12, 1853, aged 48 years.  Precious in
+the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints.”  Mr. Wood was a draper
+in the High Street, and a pillar of the church; he afterwards removed to
+Southampton, and died there.
+
+We have only to add that there are a considerable number of tombstones,
+with inscriptions, in the chapel yard, but burials ceased to take place
+there by Act of Parliament in 1855.  Marriages are here solemnized.  The
+Services are morning and evening on Sunday, with sermon in the evening of
+Thursday.  A Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavour Meeting on
+Tuesday at 8 p.m.  A Ladies’ Sewing Meeting on the first Wednesday of
+every month, and choir practice on Friday evening at 8, there being a
+good American organ.
+
+For the above details I am largely indebted to the notes “On the Wong,”
+of the late Mr. W. Pacey, supplemented by the _History of England_, in
+seven volumes, of the Rev. H. Walter, B.D., F.R.S., Professor in the East
+India College, Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland, &c., &c.
+
+
+
+THE BAPTIST CHAPEL.
+
+
+This is the oldest nonconformist building in Horncastle.  It is generally
+supposed that there was a still earlier chapel, situated near what is
+called the Bow Bridge, which spans the southern branch of the canal,
+between Cagthorpe and St. Mary’s Square, but we have no definite proof of
+this beyond a vague tradition.
+
+The Baptist community date their origin from the time of the
+Commonwealth.  The earliest person of note connected with this religious
+body being John Bunyon, author of _The Pilgrim’s Progress_, {84a} who
+espoused the cause of the Parliament against Charles I.  He first
+preached in Bedford, where he was a tinker by trade, in the year 1655,
+visiting various other parts of the country in succeeding years, until he
+died, August 31st, 1688, and was buried in Bunhill Fields.
+
+An old document shows that at a meeting held at Bedford, in the spring of
+1655, over which he presided, it was decided to send one of the members,
+“Mr. Brown to Horncastle, in Lincolnshire, to a few persons of the
+belief, seeking help to guide them in forming a society.”  Before the
+“Toleration Act” was passed in 1689, nonconformist places of worship were
+not allowed to exist within five miles of a market town. {84b}  In
+Asterby, about six miles from Horncastle, there is a Baptist chapel,
+locally reputed {84c} to be the oldest in the kingdom.  At Coningsby is a
+Baptist Chapel, with a school, dating from nearly the same period, with
+an endowment of 26 acres of land.  The Baptists of Horncastle mostly, in
+those days, worshipped at Asterby.  At Donington-on-Bain there is also a
+very ancient chapel, where the Baptists of Louth worshipped.  The two
+chapels of Asterby and Donington have a joint endowment of £20 a year,
+and are now affiliated to Northgate Chapel in Louth.
+
+The Foundation Deed of the Chapel in Horncastle is dated Sept. 19, 1767;
+and the names of the founders are given as William Bromley, Vicars Keal,
+Hamlet Dabney, William Taylor, William Storr, William Dawson, Thos.
+Hollingshed, Charles Bonner, George Gunnis, James Coates, John Blow, and
+William Tenant.
+
+The Chapel was originally a structure of one story, having its entrance
+in the centre of the north wall, and the pulpit opposite.  Until the
+early part of the 19th century it had no baptistry, immersion being
+performed in the water-mill pit, {84d} in the north of the town.
+
+Considerable structural alterations were made in the year 1843, when the
+walls were heightened and upper windows inserted; a gallery was erected
+at the east end; the north door was bricked up, and the present entrance
+at the east end opened; the pulpit being removed to the west end, facing
+the door.  A further enlargement was made by a small vestry on the west
+being added, thus providing sitting accommodation for 250 worshippers.
+
+On the north side of the building is a graveyard, but only three
+inscriptions are legible, they are “Mary Markwell, died March 28th, 1776,
+aged 29.  Prepare to meet thy God.”  This was, doubtless, one of the
+earliest interments.  The second is “In memory of Thomas Lamb, who
+departed this life June 7th, 1811, aged 82.
+
+    Here rests that lately animated clod,
+    Who self despised, and glorified his God;
+    And when that great decisive day shall come,
+    He’ll rise triumphant from the silent tomb.
+
+Also of Frances, his wife, who departed this life April 2nd, 1810, aged
+79.  He was a watchmaker.  The third is as follows: “Sacred to the memory
+of Eliza, daughter of William Parker, Solicitor, and Elizabeth, his wife,
+who died 1st April, 1835, aged 20 years.  Them that sleep in Jesus will
+God bring with Him.”  Mr. Parker occupied part of the premises now
+forming the shop and residence of Mr. Bryant, shoemaker, in the High
+Street.
+
+There is little doubt that the house adjoining the chapel, on the north
+west, was once the minister’s residence.  On the stairs leading to the
+present rostrum there is still a doorway, which evidently led to the
+house.  There is a stone tablet over this door, and in 1892 an exact copy
+of this was made, and placed on the north wall.  The inscription reads
+“John Hill, departed this life Oct. 16th, 1779, aged 48, Pastor of this
+Church 13 years.”
+
+There are some tablets on the wall within, but the Rev. F. Samuels, who
+was Pastor when the Chapel was renovated, about 1882, unfortunately
+allowed the inscriptions to be obliterated.
+
+It is interesting to know that the Mint Lane Baptist Chapel, at Lincoln,
+was founded in 1767, by worshippers at Horncastle. {85a}  Curiously it
+was not till 1892 that the Horncastle Chapel was “registered” as a place
+of worship, the omission being only then discovered, when application was
+made for a licence to solemnize marriages.
+
+In 1893 the Chapel was thoroughly restored, at a cost of £80; the
+interior being modernised, the walls painted, the old high pews removed
+and replaced by neat seats, the old box-shaped pulpit taken down, and a
+rostrum and platform erected.  There is a good organ, with special seats
+for the choir.
+
+We may add that the Baptists are now a very numerous and influential
+body.  At the Baptist World Conference, held at Exeter Hall, London, July
+10 and following days, 1905, the first ever held as an united community,
+Dr. Maclaren of Manchester presiding, a message was received from the
+King and Queen, thanking for a loyal address from the Conference.  The
+President also stated that he had informally received a greeting of good
+will from the Established Church, as well as from the Free Churches.
+
+On that occasion ministers and delegates attended from various parts of
+Great Britain and the Colonies, from America, France, and other
+countries.  A meeting was held under “The Reformer’s Tree,” in Hyde Park,
+Miss Burroughs, a coloured lady, being on the platform, also Mr. Britto,
+a coloured vocalist, and the singing being led by a coloured choir.  The
+President, Dr. Clifford of London, stated that there were present 4,000
+delegates, from all parts of the world, representing some seven millions
+of Baptists, {85b} and 5,700,000 communicants; but besides these there
+are 14 or 15 millions of “adherents” to the cause, so that the whole body
+numbers over 20 millions.
+
+The Rev. W. E. Pearson was appointed August, 1905, but left in Feb.,
+1907, to pursue his studies at college.
+
+
+
+THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.
+
+
+The Croft Street Chapel, or New Jerusalem Church, is both structurally
+and intellectually, the most recent developement of Nonconformity in
+Horncastle.  The founder of this community was a personality so
+remarkable that it may be well here to give a brief sketch of him.
+
+Emanuel Swedenborg, son of a Lutheran bishop, was born at Stockholm, in
+1689.  During more than the first half of his life he was distinguished
+as a hard worker in the field of science, and from his many clever
+inventions, and valuable public services, he was ennobled by his
+sovereign.  But in the year 1743, after a serious illness, accompanied by
+brain fever, the result of excessive mental labour, he threw up all work
+of this kind, declaring that he had received a “call” from the Lord, who
+manifested Himself to him, by personal appearance, and commissioned him
+to devote further life and strength to holier purposes.
+
+Being a man of strong will, albeit, not improbably, with a touch (as was
+thought by several) of mental aberration, the result of his illness, he
+threw himself, with characteristic energy, into the work of religious
+proselytism, in support of the special views with which he was now
+inspired.  He became a kind of religious clairvoyant, living an ecstatic
+existence in communion with angels and spirits.  He printed accounts of
+various “Arcana,” as he termed them; visions granted to him of heaven and
+hell; the state after death, the true worship of God, the inner spiritual
+sense of the scriptures; and so forth.  He held spiritual intercourse
+with the dwellers in other planets, conversing with Apostles, with
+Luther, Calvin, Melancthon, &c.  “Things hidden since the days of Job (he
+declared) were revealed to himself.”
+
+Followers gradually gathered round him, inspired by his own enthusiasm.
+He visited England frequently; and before his death, in London, A.D.
+1772, he had established congregations in England, Ireland, Wales,
+France, Holland, Sweden, Russia, and even in Turkey and America.  It is
+said that several Anglican clergy adopted his views, though still
+retaining charges in their own church.
+
+The special tenets of the sect, which he founded, seem to have been,
+that, while believing in one God, they held that He was the Christ; that
+Christ always existed in human form, but not in human soul; and that in
+His Person there was a real Trinity; that the bible was to be understood
+in a spiritual sense, which was first revealed to Swedenborg.  Their
+ritual, which was based on that of the Anglican Church, included a
+splendid priesthood and an elaborate ceremonial.
+
+Swedenborg’s very numerous writings included a number of mystic works,
+especially connected with what he called the “Spiritual Influx,” which
+was not limited to locality but pervaded everywhere.  Translations of all
+his works have been issued by the Swedenborg Society, located at No. 1,
+Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C., and at Horncastle they may be borrowed
+from the New Church Free Library in Croft Street.  The Horncastle branch
+has also its own monthly magazine, _The New Church Advocate_.
+
+The following is a brief account of the Society’s origin and progress, in
+Horncastle, from particulars furnished to the present writer, by the
+esteemed minister, Rev. R. Mayes, in 1903 (the second year of his
+ministry), and by Mr. Edwin Townell, who has been secretary for a quarter
+of a century.  The Society was inaugurated on August 9, 1869, when
+Messrs. Bogg, Moore, Hall, Cook, Austin, and Bellamy, met at the house of
+Mr. E. J. Moore, 19, Queen Street; Mr. Moore being appointed Secretary
+and Treasurer, Mr. Bogg and Mr. Hall Trustees, and Mr. Bogg nominated as
+first Leader.  Mr. Cook offered the use of a room in his house, rent
+free, and the first service was held on the following day, Sunday, the
+10th of the same month.
+
+As Mr. Bogg resided at Benniworth, nine miles from Horncastle, he could
+not undertake a service every Sunday; and, at first there was only an
+evening meeting, weather permitting.
+
+                   [Picture: The New Jerusalem Church]
+
+There was a good deal of opposition for a time, especially from the
+Congregationalists, under their minister, Mr. J. E. Whitehead; this,
+however, served rather to increase the general interest in the new
+movement, and the evening congregations grew in numbers.  The first tea
+meeting (which ultimately became an established monthly institution) was
+held March 14, 1870, in a room in the alley named “Tinker’s Entry,” there
+being then 14 members on the roll; when addresses were given by Mr. J. S.
+Bogg, Chairman; and by Messrs. Cook, Moore, T. Wemyss Bogg, and others.
+
+In May of the same year Mr. Richard Gunton, of the Lincolnshire New
+Church Association, visited them, followed by Rev. John Hyde in October,
+Mr. Gunton coming again in December of the same year.  We may here
+observe that this connection with Mr. Richard Gunton became, as will be
+hereafter shewn, a most valuable asset in the Society’s favour, in more
+ways than one.  He took up his residence in London, first in Oseney
+Crescent, Camden Road, N.W., and afterwards in Tufnell Park Road, N., but
+he never lost his interest in the Horncastle branch; visiting the town
+year after year, to preach or give lectures, in the Corn Exchange, on
+behalf of the Society.  His last visit was in October, 1896; his death
+occurring on the 5th of the December following, after (as was fitly
+stated) “40 years of faithful service as Superintendent Missionary,” as
+well as having been Treasurer of the New Church Conference.
+
+In 1871 Mr. Moore left Horncastle, the room in Tinker’s Entry was given
+up, and the meetings were held in the house of Mr. W. Hall, where a
+library was also opened for the members.  Subsequently, with a view to
+the erection of a suitable place of worship, Mr. Hall bought a piece of
+land in Croft Street and presented it to the Society, the project being
+also warmly supported by Mr. R. Gunton.  A subscription list was opened,
+plans and estimates obtained, and the foundation stone of a fabric was
+laid, Sep. 16, 1872.  The appeal for support concluded with these words:
+“This will be the first house of worship constructed in the County of
+Lincoln, for the worship of the Lord Jesus Christ as the only God.”  This
+was signed by W. Hall, Treasurer, and Edwin Dawson, Secretary.
+
+The Chapel was opened Jan. 29, 1873, being dedicated by the Rev. Dr.
+Bayley, Minister of the Chapel in Argyle Square, London; who had given a
+series of lectures in aid of the Society four years before (November,
+1869) in the Corn Exchange; and, after the dedication, he again gave
+addresses, which were continued by Revs. P. Ramage, R. Storry, C. H.
+Wilkins, Mr. R. Gunton, and others, usually morning and evening.
+
+We will now describe the Croft Street fabric, opened under these
+favourable auspices.  It consists of a square oblong, standing north and
+south, 40-ft. by 20-ft.; the architect was Mr. Gosling of London, the
+builder Mr. Chas. Blyton of Horncastle, the material being red and white
+brick.  There is accommodation for 150 persons; the cost of the structure
+was £350.  The fittings, which had formerly belonged to a chapel in Cross
+Street, Hatton Gardens, London, were presented by Mr. William Pickstone.
+At the south end there is an apsidal recess with three lancet windows,
+the central one having coloured glass, with the figure of the Good
+Shepherd and an inscription at the bottom stating that it was “Presented
+by J. W Fishleigh and Fanny his wife, in memoriam, Feb., 1901,” being in
+memory of their only daughter, who died in London, the mother having been
+brought up in this connection.
+
+Within this apse there is a platform, with polished oak rail in front,
+resting on carved pillars.  On this is a Reading Desk and Communion
+Table.  The carpet and communion cushion were presented by the late Mr.
+T. Tapling, carpet manufacturer, of London, who was a native of
+Lincolnshire.  In the centre of the apse is a carved oak chair, having
+the monogram I.H.S., which was given by Mr. C. Blyton.  In front,
+standing on the Chapel floor, is a harmonium by Alexandre & Sons, of
+Paris; it is a fine instrument, having four sets of vibrators and 14
+stops.  It was obtained partly at the cost of the congregation, and
+partly by a donation of the late Mr. John Jobson, from Mr. Thomas Gunton
+(son of Mr. Richard Gunton of London), who resided at Bunnyfield House,
+Hatfield Park, and was for many years private secretary to the late
+Marquis of Salisbury.  The instrument originally cost £84.  Mr. William
+Hall presided at this harmonium from the first.
+
+We have mentioned Dr. Bayley of London as the earliest preacher in the
+new chapel; there was no resident minister till 1902.  Mr. and Mrs. Hall
+entertained during the whole of the first year (1873) the preachers above
+named.  Others of note who followed were Mr. Layland of Nottingham,
+Leader of the Society in 1876; followed, 1877–8, by Mr. J. R. Boyle; to
+whom succeeded, 1878–9, Mr. W. A. Bates (afterwards of Brisbane,
+Queensland, Australia); Mr. W. J. Adcock, 1879–80; Mr. A. E. Beilby,
+1880–1; Mr. W. Hall, 1882; and Mr. William Robinson, October of that
+year.  At various dates the preachers were Rev. R. Storey of Heywood near
+Manchester, Rev. Mr. Wilkins of Nottingham, Mr. Skelton of London, Mr.
+Pulsford of Leicester, Mr. Cameron of Edinburgh, Mr. Fairweather of
+London, Mr. Ashby of Derby, Mr. Best of Hull, Rev. T. Prestland of
+London, Rev. Joseph Deans in 1899, and Rev. J. R. Rendell, President of
+the Conference; Rev. Lewis A. Slight of Northampton, 1900; Rev. J. T.
+Freeth of Bolton, President, 1901.  From time to time preachers were sent
+by the New Church Conference, and later by the East Midland and
+Lincolnshire Association.
+
+Three marriages were solemnized in the Chapel by Rev. L. A. Slight, viz.,
+that of Miss Townell and Mr W. Chapman of Oundle, Dec. 11, 1900; Miss
+Elizabeth Hall and Mr. Edwin White, both of Horncastle, May 21, 1901; and
+Miss Florence Smith to Mr. Alfred Storton of London, July 9, 1901.
+
+The Rev. Richard Mayes, the first resident Minister, came from Leicester,
+first preached here Feb. 23, 1902, and entered on his ministry in October
+of that year.  Other preachers during that interval were Mr. Fairweather
+of Loughborough, Mr. L. A. Slight, Mr. Layland, Mr. W. Hall and Mr. H.
+Deans.
+
+A Sunday School was opened with the Chapel in 1873; this was, at a later
+date, temporarily closed, but re-opened by Mr. Mayes.  Under him, ably
+supported as he is by members the Townell and Blyth families, and others,
+the services, which are short, bright, and musical, are being attended by
+increasing numbers.  Mr. Edwin Townell is still Secretary, as he was in
+1880; and with Mr. Mayes’ ministry Mr. H. Freeman succeeded Mr. W. Hall
+as Treasurer.
+
+
+
+THE REV. THOMAS LORD.
+
+
+The subject of this notice, no longer holding a ministerial charge, is by
+many years the doyen among Nonconformist preachers in Horncastle, being
+the oldest Congregational Minister in England.  He completed his
+hundredth year on April 22, 1908; on which occasion he received a
+congratulatory telegram from His Majesty the King; while a public fund
+was instituted for a presentation to be made to him in recognition of the
+occasion, which he desired to be given in his name to the local
+Institution of Nurses.
+
+Mr. Lord was born at Olney, Bucks., in 1808; and began his ministry in
+1834, as pastor of a chapel at Wollaston, Northants, which he held for
+eleven years; thence removing to Brigstock, in the same county, where he
+laboured during 17 years.  He subsequently held pastorates in Horncastle,
+Deddington (Co. Oxford), and Great Bridge, Staffordshire.  He gave up
+permanent charge in 1878, continuing, however, to assist other ministers
+in that neighbourhood, until 1899, when, in consequence of failing
+eyesight, he removed once more to Horncastle, taking up his abode with
+his married daughter, Mrs. C. M. Hodgett, on the Wong (No. 7).
+
+Mr. Lord has been an active worker in the temperance cause during more
+than 70 years; a member of the Liberation Society since its formation; a
+warm advocate of the Peace Society, of the United Kingdom Alliance; the
+inaugural meeting of which he attended at Manchester.  He was one of the
+founders of the Congregational Total Abstinence Association; and has
+always been a warm supporter of the London Missionary Society.
+
+Mr. Lord still preaches occasionally in Horncastle.  He has officiated
+more than once recently in the Lincoln Mission Hall, and not unfrequently
+occupies the pulpit at the Presbyterian Chapel, Kirkstead, to assist the
+local minister, Rev. Robert Holden, who is his junior by some 16 years.
+On Sunday, May 31, 1908, Mr. Lord preached at Alford, in the
+Congregational Chapel; and on Sunday, June 7, 1908, at Boston, in the
+Chapel of the United Methodists.
+
+        [Picture: Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908]
+
+Notwithstanding his age Mr. Lord’s voice is still clear, deep-toned, and
+resonant; his manner is full of vigor, his language simple, yet eloquent
+and earnest.  His step is firm and elastic.  In habit he is an early
+riser.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Having dealt with the places of worship in the town, we now proceed to
+give an account of its schools; and among these the Grammar School, from
+its antiquity, as well as for other reasons, claims precedence.
+
+This Institution, on its present foundation, dates from the reign of
+Elizabeth, {91} one of whose special characteristics was her warm
+interest in education, which led her to encourage her nobles, and more
+wealthy subjects, to promote the cause.  The Reformation had given an
+impetus towards emancipation from the ignorance which prevailed in Popish
+times, when the monasteries were almost the only centres of
+enlightenment—if so it could be called.
+
+Henry VIII. did little or nothing towards relighting the torch, which had
+been held up by the monks, whom he abolished.  His successor, Edward VI.,
+founded a few grammar schools; among them being, in our own
+neighbourhood, those at Spilsby, Louth, and Grantham.  During the brief
+reign of the Popish Mary, the movement was again checked; but Elizabeth,
+herself a cultivated scholar, rekindled the general interest in
+educational progress.
+
+The title deeds of the school are unfortunately lost, which would have
+shewn to what extent it was then endowed, but documents exist belonging
+to the school, which prove the conveyance of certain lands, by John Neale
+of Horncastle, in the 17th year of Elizabeth (A.D. 1575); he being one of
+the first 10 Governors appointed in accordance with the rules of the
+foundation.
+
+A useful little volume was published in 1894 by the late Dr. Robert
+Jalland, then Senior Governor of the school, containing its history, from
+the date of the Elizabethan foundation, gathered from various documents
+and minute books, preserved in the office of the Clerk of the Governors;
+from which we cull the following particulars:
+
+In the 13th year of her reign (1571), by Letters Patent dated at
+Westminster, June 25, Elizabeth granted to her “well-beloved and faithful
+counsellor, and subject, Edward Fynes, Knight of the most noble Order of
+the Garter, Lord Clinton and Saye, High Admiral of England,” that, at his
+prayer, “a Grammar School should be established in the town of
+Horncastle, for the good education of boys and youths, living there, and
+about the neighbouring parts, habitants and comerants.” {92a}  This was
+to be called “The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in the Town and
+Soke of Horncastle of the foundation of (the said) Edward, Lord Clynton,”
+&c., {92b} “to continue for ever.”  It was to consist of “a Master and
+Sub-Master, or Usher,” and the “lands, tenements, revenues, reversions,
+and other hereditaments, for the support of the school, were granted,
+assigned, and appointed,” for their better management, “to 10 discreet
+and honest men, who (should) be styled Governors.”
+
+The first Governors appointed were Clement Monk, clerk; John Smith,
+clerk; John Sackeverill, gent.; Thomas Litter, gent.; Geo. Hargrave,
+gent.; Thos. Raithbecke, yeoman; John Neale, yeoman; Thos. Hamerton,
+yeoman; Willm. Ward, yeoman; Willm. Harrison, yeoman.  They were
+constituted “a body corporate,” having a “common seal, to hold, to manage
+the revenues of the school, and empowered to spend, and invest, the
+income at their discretion,” to appoint the teachers, and successors in
+the governing body, as vacancies should, by death, occur.
+
+The property of the school, either from the original, or later, {92c}
+endowments, consists of lands, tenements, ground and quit rents, in
+Horncastle, or in the Wildmore Fen allotment of the same, land and
+tenement in Hemingby, lands in Winthorpe, Huttoft, Sutton, and in
+Thornton a payment of £12 a year in lieu of former land, {92d} with
+certain moneys invested in Government Consols and Indian Stock.
+
+The rental of the school property has varied at various periods.  At the
+time of the civil war, when the neighbourhood was more or less in a state
+of anarchy, there is no record, for some years, of the Governors having
+even met to dispense payments; and the Head Master’s salary was only £10.
+In 1735 it amounted to £42, and that of the Usher to £21; but in 1753
+there was a reduction to £30 for the Head Master, and £15 to the Usher,
+owing to money having to be “borrowed for the exigenceys of the school.”
+In 1786 the income of the school rose to £529; the highest point which it
+seems ever to have attained was £877, in 1854.  In that year the Head
+Master’s stipend is not specified, but two years later it was £235, with
+capitation fees amounting to £251 odd.
+
+In 1780 the Head Master was the Rev. C. L’Oste; he was also Rector of
+Langton by Horncastle, and a good scholar.  He published a translation,
+in verse, of Grotius on _The Christian Religion_.  It was printed at the
+Cambridge University Press, dedicated to the Bishop of Lincoln, with a
+very distinguished list of subscribers. {93}  Differences arose between
+him and the Governors, and in Sept., 1782, he was served with a notice to
+quit, at the end of six months, for neglect of his duties.  He refused to
+give up office, counsel’s opinion was taken by the Governors, Mr. L’Oste
+pleaded in his own defence.  The Governors gave notice of a trial at the
+assizes.  No result, however, is recorded, and Mr. L’Oste retained office
+until his death in 1818.
+
+                      [Picture: The Grammar School]
+
+The year 1854 marked the close of the career of the most remarkable Head
+Master who ever ruled the school.  The Rev. John Bainbridge Smith, D.D.,
+had entered on his duties April 10, 1818, succeeding Mr. L’Oste.  Coming
+to the post as an entirely unknown man, of comparatively humble origin,
+but of great energy, he soon acquired a leading position in the town and
+neighbourhood; becoming Rector of Martin, Rector of Sotby, and Vicar of
+Baumber.  He was the author of several standard works on Divinity.  Under
+him the school achieved such a reputation that, besides the day scholars,
+he had a large number of boarders coming from Scotland, Ireland,
+Devonshire, London, and even Jersey and France.  His end was
+unfortunately as remarkable as his career.  Returning by train from
+Lincoln he fell asleep, and being roused at Kirkstead by the porter
+giving the name of the station, and the night being dark, he did not
+perceive that the train was again in motion, and springing out of the
+carriage, he fell a few yards beyond the platform and broke his neck.
+The porter found him lying helpless, but alive, on the line.  He was
+carefully conveyed to his residence at Horncastle, and lingered alive
+several weeks, retaining his mental faculties, but having no sense of
+feeling below his neck.  At length he recovered slight feeling in his
+legs and feet, and probably tempted by this to make an effort to move, he
+was found one morning dead in his bed.
+
+The Duke of Newcastle, who owned property in Baumber (where, as we have
+said, Dr. Smith was Incumbent), appointed him his private chaplain; and
+the Doctor’s youngest daughter, Sarah Katherine, married the Rev. Henry
+Fiennes Clinton, a near relative of the Duke, and a descendant of the
+founder of the school, Lord Clinton and Saye.
+
+The school building has not always occupied the site on which it now
+stands.  As shewn in Stukeley’s plan of the town, printed in 1722, it
+stood in the north-east corner of the school yard.  In 1772 that
+structure was found to be in a ruinous condition, and the present
+building was erected, being opened for use at Midsummer 1778.  A
+classroom was added at the south end in 1855, and more recently another
+small room put up at the north end.  The residence of the Head Master was
+formerly a small low cottage, but it was considerably enlarged in the
+early part of the 19th century, and in 1858 a new wing was added at the
+north end.
+
+In 1847 two “Clinton” Exhibitions were founded by the Governors, of £50 a
+year, to be held for four years, by scholars going to the University.
+For lack of such scholars this was granted to Clement Madely Smith,
+youngest son of Dr. Smith, the Head Master, who studied for the medical
+profession, in London.  No further appointment however was made, as in
+1848 the Governors decided that they had no authority so to employ the
+funds at their disposal.
+
+On the death of Dr. Smith, in 1854, a new scheme of education, more
+suited to the requirements of the time, was drawn up by a committee
+appointed for that purpose, which received the sanction of the Charity
+Commissioners, and was approved by the Master of the Rolls in the same
+year.
+
+The attendance at the school, however, gradually fell off, until, in the
+year 1886, there were only 16 scholars; and further reforms were needed.
+Since then changes in the system have, from time to time, been
+introduced, to render the school more generally useful: the more recent
+being the admission of female pupils in 1903, for whom was appointed a
+resident lady teacher, Miss E. Gibson, who had matriculated, 1st class,
+at London University.
+
+Small Scholarships also, not exceeding six in number, were established
+for needy pupils; and application was made to the Lindsey County Council,
+for a grant of £80, in aid of scientific lectures, {94} under the
+Technical Instruction Act of Parliament; so that a general middle-class
+English education was provided, along with Latin, French, book-keeping,
+and other technical subjects; an examination being held annually by some
+one unconnected with the school, who should be approved of by the Charity
+Commissioners.  The school has thus, under the tenure of the Head
+Mastership by Dr. Madge, of late years, been considerably improved, and
+the area of the subjects taught, widened; assisted as he has been by the
+able Second Master, Mr. C. W. Gott, B.A., London, and Miss Gibson.  But
+it has also been increasingly recognised that there was room for still
+further development, if the institution was to take its proper position
+among the endowed educational establishments of the county.  This,
+however, is a subject to which we shall recur hereafter.
+
+In 1855 a school Library was commenced, the Governors granting £10 for
+the purchase of books; £20 being given in the following year, and this
+has been further enlarged in later years, until the books now number
+nearly 500.
+
+In March, 1893, a Magazine entitled _Banovallum_ was established, to be
+mainly carried on by the scholars, the Editor being J. G. Meanwell,
+Sub-Editor J. R. Cowburn.  It was a monthly record of school work and
+sports, with various other matters of interest.  It was intended also to
+be a link of connection between “old boys” and new; and with this view
+former pupils of the school were invited to contribute. {95a}  The
+outside support, however, of such a publication was not sufficient to
+render it a paying venture, and after an existence of rather more than
+two years, it expired with the July No. of 1895.
+
+Here we may fittingly introduce some personal reminiscences of the
+school, and those connected with it, in its palmiest days, under the
+regime of Dr. Smith, and first we may mention members of his own family.
+
+Although, as before stated, himself of humble origin, {95b} he married
+the daughter of a General Sandwith, a lady who was highly esteemed by all
+who knew her.  She bore him three sons and three daughters, and
+predeceased him.  His eldest son, Bainbridge, graduated at Cambridge
+University, took Holy Orders, was at one time English Chaplain at Smyrna,
+and succeeded his father in the Rectory of Sotby.  He married a daughter
+of Judge Haliburton of Nova Scotia, the author of _Sam Slick_, _The
+Watchmaker_ (1839) and other works, which were popular in their day.  The
+eldest daughter, Frances, married a member of a then well-known
+Horncastle family, the Rev. John Fawssett, a graduate of Cambridge, who
+afterwards became in turn Rector of Minting and Vicar of Baumber with
+Stourton.  A second son, Joseph Coltman, became a Solicitor in Hull, but
+died early in life.  A second daughter, Isabella, married the Rev. W.
+Affleck Peacock (named after his relative Sir Robert Affleck, of Dalham
+Hall, Newmarket), Rector of Ulceby near Alford.  The youngest daughter,
+as already stated, married the Rev. Henry Fiennes Clinton, Rector of
+Cromwell, near Newark, a near relative of the Duke of Newcastle, to whom
+he was appointed domestic Chaplain.  The third and youngest son, Clement
+Madely, so named after his godfather, the esteemed former Vicar of
+Horncastle, adopted the medical profession and went out to India, where
+he became known as a keen sportsman among big game; a group of two tigers
+shot by him, and stuffed by Ward the great taxidermist, being exhibited
+in the Crystal Palace several years ago.
+
+Of the scholars at the school, under Dr. Smith, we recall a few names, as
+samples of the class of pupils whom he received.  There were three
+Sandwiths, Humphrey, Godfrey, and Henry, who were his nephews on his
+wife’s side.  Humphrey became a surgeon, and having a taste for foreign
+travel, went out to Constantinople to practice there.  Having good
+introductions he was kindly received by Sir Stratford Canning, the
+English Ambassador, and making the acquaintance of Layard, he was invited
+to travel with him to Mecca, Mosul, and Nineveh, at two of which places
+excavations were conducted; as Hakim, or Doctor, he was visited by crowds
+of Arabs, suffering from various ailments; and his quinine wrought
+wonderful cures among them.  When at home he sometimes surprised his
+friends by suddenly appearing among them dressed in Arab costume.  In
+1855 he was at the famous siege of Kars, under General Fenwick Williams;
+when a force of 15,000 English were shut in by an army of 50,000
+Russians.  The English had three months’ provisions and three days’
+ammunition; they suffered greatly from cholera, and after five months
+surrendered, only when overcome by famine.  Humphrey wrote a history of
+the siege.
+
+Of Godfrey we remember little; Henry graduated at Cambridge, took Holy
+Orders and became Vicar of Thorpe Salvin, near Worksop.  There were three
+Inveraritys, Duncan, Henry, and William; the first of these went out to
+India, and became a Judge in the Supreme Sudder Court.  Henry devoted
+himself to yachting, and died early.  William held a commission in a
+Highland Regiment of foot.  Roseville Brackenbury, whose father, a former
+Peninsular officer, and member of an old Lincolnshire family, resided
+temporarily at Horncastle, in order to place his son under Dr. Smith,
+entered the East India Company’s service, in the Bengal Presidency.
+
+There were three Buchanans, sons of an old Indian officer, Major
+Buchanan, a Scotchman, but residing in Maida Vale, London.  These were
+James, Alexander, and Robert.  James was a dashing, chivalrous,
+high-spirited fellow, who took service in a Madras regiment of cavalry;
+his brother “Alick” was of a different fibre, being chiefly remarkable
+for the amount of treacle tarts which he could consume, at the shop of
+the once well-known “Sally Dickinson;” the third brother, Robert, entered
+the navy.
+
+We may here mention, as evidence of the hard work which was done under
+Dr. Smith’s system, a feat of memory performed by two brothers among the
+senior boys, Thomas and Alfred Cammack, which the present writer well
+remembers, as he was present as a small boy when it occurred.
+“Repetition,” of one kind or another, was required of all boys; but these
+two repeated to the Master from memory, the whole of the first book of
+Milton’s _Paradise Lost_ (798 lines), Thomas with only three promptings,
+and Alfred with five.  Another boy, Sidney Bousfield, did the same with
+nine or ten promptings.  Thomas Cammack walked his hospital in London,
+and eventually became a consulting physician of some eminence, residing
+at Boston; Alfred died early.  Sydney Bousfield went out to India, and
+died some years ago.
+
+Two pupils, Holland and Forge, who came to study with the Doctor, of more
+mature years than the ordinary scholars, were “crack shots,” and welcomed
+at many of the shooting parties in the neighbourhood.  A third, Frank
+Richardson, who was an ardent fox hunter, had his horse brought to the
+door weekly, on the day when the meet was nearest, and was always among
+the foremost in the field.  He was, further, a great athlete, and would
+follow the hounds on foot, and not seldom be in at two deaths in the day,
+several miles apart; of him, it is related, that he leapt the school-yard
+wall, nearly 7-ft. high.  There were many more who were trained by the
+Doctor to serve their generation worthily in various capacities, but let
+these suffice as a sample of his influence.
+
+The Under Masters whose services he enlisted were, further, not unworthy
+of him.  We will name one or two.
+
+The first Under Master of whom the present writer has any knowledge was
+Thomas Myddelton.  He was by birth a gentleman, being connected with the
+very old family of the Myddelton Biddulphs of Chirk Castle, North Wales,
+who have now dropped the latter name, retaining only the Myddelton.
+Thomas Myddelton’s father, John M. (then dead), had been Rector of
+Bucknall, in this neighbourhood, 1804–34; his grandfather, also named
+Thomas, having been Vicar of Melton Mowbray; he (John M.) having been an
+Exhibitioner of St. Paul’s School, London, graduated B.A. at Sidney
+Sussex College, Cambridge, 1782, and gained a Fellowship.
+
+     [Picture: Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School]
+
+Thomas also graduated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.  While serving
+as Under Master at the Grammar School he was ordained to the Curacy of
+Bucknall, under his father’s successor, the Rev. John Fendall.  On the
+occasion of his ordination he begged a whole holiday of Dr. Smith, and
+treated the whole school to a day at Tattershall Castle; hiring carriages
+to take them all, there being yet no railway; and he gave them a
+substantial meal at the “Fortescue Arms” Hotel.  He was naturally very
+popular with the boys of the school, although he was rather a strict
+disciplinarian, and made them work hard.  He was commemorated in the
+“Breaking up Song” of the school in the following lines:—
+
+    Mr. Myddelton now comes in,
+    With his nose above his chin; (two prominent features)
+    With pleasant smile he waves his cane,
+    As though to say, “I would fain refrain;
+    It grieves me sore to give a thwack
+    Upon the shrinking truant’s back.”
+
+                                   (CHORUS)
+
+    We’re breaking up, and going away,
+       All for the sake of a holiday.
+    Jack’s a dull boy without his play;
+       So, Hurrah, again, for a holiday!
+
+He remained at the Grammar School about two years, afterwards taking the
+Curacy of Langton with Wildsworth, near Gainsborough.  He presently moved
+to West Stockwith, holding the Curacy of Wildsworth with East Ferry.  He
+never held a benefice; but, having some private means, he continued to
+reside, in retirement, at West Stockwith, until his decease, about 1880.
+He was buried at Misterton, the adjoining parish, where he had also taken
+occasional duty.
+
+After Mr. Myddelton the next Under Master was William Hutchinson.  He was
+the son of the landlord of the principal inn in the neighbouring town of
+Wragby, and had been educated at the small grammar school there.  He was
+appointed about 1845.  He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, as B.A.,
+in 1848, keeping his terms there by permission, while acting as Usher at
+Horncastle.  In that year he left Horncastle, and was elected Master of
+Howden Grammar School in Yorkshire, where he was also appointed Curate in
+1848, being ordained Deacon in 1848 and Priest in 1849.  While at
+Horncastle he had married Miss Caroline Dixon, daughter of a corn
+merchant; there were five daughters, all clever, the youngest being Miss
+Annie Dixon, who became distinguished as a miniature painter, exhibiting
+in the Royal Academy, and becoming a favourite of the late Queen
+Victoria.  He held the Head Mastership at Howden for several years;
+holding also the Perpetual Curacy of Laxton near Howden from 1850 to
+1855, the Perpetual Curacy or Vicarage of Airmyn from 1855 to 1862, when
+he was appointed Vicar of Howden, which benefice he held till his death
+in 1903.
+
+It was somewhat remarkable that he began professional life in Horncastle,
+famed for its great horse fairs, and passed the rest of his life at
+Howden, also noted for its great horse fair.  His wife is buried, with
+two sisters, in the cemetery at Horncastle.
+
+The next Under Master to be mentioned about this period was Francis
+Grosvenor.  He was the son of a respectable tradesman in the town, and
+had been educated at the Grammar School.  At first he was employed by Dr.
+Smith as a supernumerary teacher of the junior boys, and became useful in
+the temporary absences of Mr. Hutchinson, at Dublin University.  He was a
+conscientious and dependable youth, thoughtful beyond his years, and was
+much valued by the Head Master, who was a shrewd judge of character.  He
+also graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, taking honours; and was
+ordained Deacon in 1847, and Priest in 1848.  He remained as Second
+Master for some years at the Grammar School, being much esteemed among
+neighbouring clergy for his unostentatious manners and general worth.  He
+frequently officiated in the Parish Church.  Eventually he went to
+Chester, as Curate of St. John’s Church in that city, where he remained
+many years, taking pupils.  There was probably a talismanic attraction in
+the name of Grosvenor; Eaton Hall, the seat of Lord Grosvenor (now Duke
+of Westminster) being in the immediate vicinity.  He was consequently
+very successful in obtaining pupils; and made money, whereby he acquired
+considerable house property there and elsewhere.  He was devoted to
+archæological pursuits, and published a learned paper (of 16 pp.) on “The
+early connection between the County Palatine of Chester and the
+Principality of Wales,” which he read before the County Antiquarian
+Society. {99a}  After many years’ residence in Chester, he retired on a
+competency to Epsom, in Surrey, where his mother, brother and sister
+resided with him; and where he acted as Chaplain to the Union, until his
+decease, about 1880.
+
+The last Assistant Master, under Dr. Smith, whom we may name was John
+Burton, born of humble parents in Peterborough.  He was appointed about
+1848, and served Dr. Smith faithfully about three years.  He was not,
+however, a strong man, either physically or mentally.  His weakness of
+character was shewn in an incident which might have had a tragic
+termination.  Having formed an attachment for a young lady, living near
+the schoolhouse, and being rejected, he declared that he would commit
+suicide; and he fired off a pistol under her window at night, taking
+care, however, not to wound himself.  On leaving the school he entered at
+Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated in 1853, dying soon afterwards.
+
+On the appointment of the Rev. Samuel Lodge, to the Head Mastership in
+1854, Thomas White, a graduate of St. John’s College, Cambridge, became
+Under Master.  He had taken classical honours, and was an efficient
+teacher, and rather strict disciplinarian.  He was the first Under Master
+allowed to take private pupils as boarders.  He continued at his post six
+years, taking Holy Orders, and in 1860 was presented by the Bishop of
+Lincoln to the Vicarage of Scamblesby, which he held until his death in
+1891.
+
+It may be of interest if we here give some of the customs of the school
+at this period, as samples of a state of things which is now past and
+gone.  The morality of some of them might be questioned in these days of
+advanced ideas on civilization, but, under the guidance of a man of Dr.
+Smith’s mental calibre, their effect was the rearing of a generation of
+manly youths, capable of much intellectual, as well as physical, activity
+and endurance.
+
+The Head Master was himself a remarkable instance of this.  Punctually at
+7.30, without fail, he was every morning in his desk at the school, to
+open proceedings with prayer, it being frequently a race between himself
+and his boarder pupils, as to who should arrive first, his residence
+being some quarter mile from the school.  When he closed the school, with
+“abire licet,” {99b} in the afternoon, he as regularly went for his
+“constitutional” walk.  Furious indeed must be the weather if Dr. Smith
+was not to be seen on Langton Hill, summer and winter, rain or fair; if
+the former he would brave the elements, wrapt in a large blue cloth
+cloak, waterproof as his leather gaiters.  If the latter, he would often
+saunter slowly, rapt in meditation, or composing verses, an occupation of
+which he was very fond, leaving behind him at his death several vols. of
+MS. poetry. {99c}
+
+The school hours were from 7.30 to 9, before breakfast; 10 to 12.30
+midday; afternoon 3 to 5; while the boarders at his own house worked with
+the Assistant Master from 7 to 9; the day boys, in the town, preparing
+exercises and repetition for the next morning, at their own homes.  It
+was an amusement, for some of the more active, to get up some quarter of
+an hour earlier than the others, and hurry down to St. Mary’s Church, to
+help old Dawson, the sexton, to ring the Grammar School bell. {100a}  As
+the Doctor was very active in his movements, any boarders who were late
+in starting, could only reach the school in time, by running across the
+fields between the two branches of the canal, called “The Holms.”  Woe
+betide those who were late!
+
+From the Doctor’s energy of character it would be expected that he would
+encourage active healthy recreations.  The days of cricket were not yet,
+{100b} although “single wicket” was sometimes practiced.  Nor was
+football popular, as it is now.  The game was indeed played, but we had,
+in those days, no Rugby rules, and the ball was composed of a common
+bladder, with a leather cover made by the shoemaker.  In the school yard
+the chief game was “Prisoner’s Base,” generally played by boarders
+against day boys; in this swiftness of foot was specially valuable.
+There was also a game named “Lasty,” in which one boy was selected to
+stand at the upper end of the yard, while the rest gathered at the lower
+end.  After a short interval, the one boy darted forward towards the
+others, who all tried to avoid him; his object was to catch one of the
+other boys, and when he succeeded in this, the boy whom he caught took up
+the running to catch another, and this could go on for any length of
+time.  There was another exciting game called “Lug and a Bite.”  In the
+fruit season a day boarder, from the country, frequently brought his
+pocket full of apples; he would throw an apple among the other boys, one
+of whom would catch it, and run away biting it; the others would chase
+him, and seize him by the lug (ear), when he would throw it away, and
+another would catch it, and continue the process, he being, in his turn,
+caught by the ear, and so on.  This afforded much amusement, and many
+apples would in this way be consumed.  There were large slabs of stone
+laid down in the yard, on which marbles were played with, and peg tops
+were spun.  Hockey, or shinty, as it was commonly called, was also a
+favourite game; but these amusements were chiefly confined to the sons of
+tradesmen in the town.
+
+Among the boarders archery was practised, and by some of them with a
+skill almost rivalling that of Locksley in Sir Walter Scott’s novel of
+_Ivanhoe_.  A carpenter in the town made for us bows of lancewood, and
+arrows of poplar, tipped with spikes of iron.  With these we could not
+only split our “willow wand” at 80 yards distant, but the more skilful
+deemed an arrow hardly worth having until it had been baptized in the
+blood of blackbird or pigeon, and some of the neighbouring pigeon cotes
+suffered accordingly.  The writer was presented with a bow made of
+bamboo, and arrows said to be poisoned, which a great traveller, then
+residing in Horncastle, had brought from the South Sea Islands.  He lent
+these to a brother archer, who by mistake shot another boy in the calf of
+the leg.  Great alarm was the result, but the poison must have lost its
+power, for no evil consequences ensued, except that the wounded party
+almost frightened himself into a state of fever.
+
+          [Picture: Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907]
+
+These, however, were among the less hardy of our sports.  The good old
+Doctor’s great aim was to get us healthily engaged in the country.  With
+this object he would say on a Monday morning to the bigger boys of the
+two highest classes, “Now, lads, if you will translate this book of
+Virgil, or Homer, or this Greek play, as quickly as you can, you shall
+have the rest of the week to spend as you like.”  Put upon our mettle by
+such a challenge the work would be completed, by us perhaps on the
+Wednesday, and three days of varied enjoyment in country rambles would
+follow.  In these days, when bird-nesting is forbidden as being “cruelty
+to animals,” it may horrify some of our readers to learn that the Doctor
+encouraged his pupils to collect eggs.  On our excursions in early summer
+every hedge was carefully examined for many miles round, the tallest
+trees were climbed, or, as it was then called “swarmed,” in search of the
+eggs of hawk, carrion crow, woodpecker, &c.; those of the owl were found
+in the thick fir plantations, or those of the jackdaw in old ruins; the
+rarest specimens being presented to the Doctor himself, while commoner
+kinds were hung in festoons from the ceiling of our study at his
+residence.  The two chief holidays at this season were the Queen’s
+Birthday, May 24th, and “Royal Oak Day,” May 29th.  On these two days the
+boys were expected to decorate the school in the early hours of the
+morning; a _sine qua non_ being, that, on the Doctor’s arrival at 7.30
+a.m., he should find his desk so filled with floral and arboreal
+adornments, that he could not enter it; whereat he would make the remark,
+repeated annually, “Well, boys! you have shut me out of my desk, so we
+must give up work for the day.”  He also, on these occasions, often
+brought with him a daughter, and the two carefully looked into the
+decorated desk, when they were rewarded by finding the nest and eggs of a
+“feather-poke” (long-tailed tit), or some other rare bird, which he
+always took home and preserved in his study, as a trophy till the
+following year.  No questions were asked as to _how_ the decorations were
+obtained, but in practice the process was as follows.  On the day before,
+between school hours, certain of the younger boys were sent round the
+town to beg flowers, and then, later on, followed what, as we should have
+said, the present hypercritical generation would call, at the very least,
+“dishonest pilfering.”  After retiring to rest, and when the final visit
+of the Assistant Master had been made to the dormitories, all became
+excitement; boots and caps had been carefully concealed under the beds.
+The elder boys were quickly re-clothed, booted and bonneted; and we crept
+down, by back stairs, to the kitchen, with the connivance of the cook and
+housekeeper; those good souls also providing some refreshment for us, to
+be taken either before we went out, or after we returned; and then,
+stealthily emerging by the back door, we separated into small companies
+of twos and threes; some re-visiting gardens in the town, and taking
+without permission further flowers; others going into the country;
+sometimes even taking a light cart from one yard and a pony or horse from
+another, and then visiting gardens or parks in the neighbourhood, and
+returning laden with branches of horse-chesnut flowers, pink may, &c.,
+which were quietly conveyed to the school; and by the appointed hour the
+work of decoration would be completed; and we, having returned to our
+dormitories, refreshed through the cook’s kindness the inner man, and
+washed the outer, were ready to greet the good Doctor and his daughter on
+their arrival.  The only difference between the decorations on the 24th
+and 29th was, that on the latter day oak leaves and acorns were a
+distinguishing feature, some of the sprays having been gilded on the
+previous day for presentation to the young lady.
+
+There was another great day called the “Treasurer’s holiday.”  Once a
+year the one of the Governors, who held that office, was entitled to ask
+the Head Master to give us a whole holiday, which he was always pleased
+to grant.  The custom was for one of the senior boys to call upon, or
+write to, the Treasurer, usually after some period of extra hard
+scholastic work, asking him to exercise this privilege.  The way in which
+these holidays were spent varied.  Sometimes we had a “Paper Chase,” or
+“Fox and Hounds.”  One boy was sent out as fox, sometimes accompanied by
+another boy, both carrying in bags a supply of paper, torn into small
+shreds, which formed the scent.  In this sport the Doctor sometimes
+offered a reward of five shillings to the “fox” who should manage to
+elude his pursuers until he had reached the bank of the river Witham, a
+distance of about six miles, but increased to 10 or more miles by the
+different ruses practised to escape capture; a similar reward being
+offered to the “hound” who should effect his capture after a run of a
+stipulated number of miles.
+
+Sometimes we had a picnic to the Tower-on-the-Moor, going there on foot,
+through “the Wilderness,” and other woods, and having our luncheon
+brought to the Tower in the carrier’s cart, which passed daily on its way
+to Kirkstead wharf.  This was usually a bird-nesting excursion.  More
+than one of us accomplished the hazardous feat of climbing to the top of
+the tower, whence a fine view could be obtained, on a favourable day,
+across the Wash into Norfolk.  On one of these occasions we extended our
+ramble to Kirkstead wharf, some adventurous spirits took forcible
+possession of the ferry boat, and carried over women returning home, with
+their marketings, free of charge.  The owner of the boat was, however,
+compensated by our calling at his small hostel close by, and patronising
+his lemonade, bread and cheese.  Sometimes the excursion was to
+Tattershall Castle, and if this was in the winter we skated there in the
+morning, along the canal, returning on our “runners” by moonlight; the
+Doctor being himself a good skater, encouraged it in his boys.  On these
+occasions we sometimes amused ourselves on the return journey by firing
+pistols, to disturb the inhabitants of houses near the canal; when, if
+anyone put his head out of a bedroom window, some one of us would shout,
+“your money or your life;” the usual response being “Go along, ye
+bulldogs,” the name by which we were commonly known throughout the
+country side.
+
+On one of these return journeys, while skating in single file, we
+approached the third lock, and the boy in front forgetting that there
+would be no ice for a few yards below the lock, because the water there
+was kept in agitation by the stream always falling from the lock,
+suddenly found himself floundering in an icy cold bath, while himself in
+a state of great heat.  The shock, and the fact that he was cumbered by
+his skates, made him almost helpless, and he would probably have been
+drowned, but that a fine fellow (I give his name, Edward Sharpe, for he
+has long ago put “off this mortal coil”), who was a great athlete,
+plunged in, skates and all, regardless of the risk, and like a
+Newfoundland dog, panting brought his friend to shore, with no worse
+effects than the drenching to both.  And here I may say that one of the
+accomplishments specially encouraged by the Doctor was that of swimming;
+the very youngest were taught to swim by the Under Master, in a small
+pool in the river Bain, called “Dead Man’s Hole,” about 100 yards from
+the first lock of the canal.  After gaining proficiency we bathed in the
+canal and lockpit itself.  The Doctor gave a reward of 5/- to any boy who
+could dive across the canal, the same sum when he could swim 100 yards on
+his back.
+
+On one occasion a bully, among the bigger boys, threw a timid little
+fellow into the lockpit when full, saying “Now, you’ll learn to swim, or
+sink.”  The little fellow did sink, rose to the surface, and sank again;
+and would certainly have been drowned, but a shout from other indignant
+youngsters, looking helplessly on, brought the same Edward Sharpe to the
+rescue (he was bathing below the lock, not aware of what was going on),
+and he at once plunged into the lock, dived to the bottom (18 or 20
+feet), and brought up the poor half-conscious boy, who would otherwise
+have perished.
+
+It may here be mentioned that the present writer once swam from the
+junction of the two branches of the canal (close to the present bathing
+place) to the first lock, then passed on and swam to the second, and so
+continuing, swam to the third lock, his clothes being carried by a school
+fellow who accompanied him; this being a distance of some two miles, for
+this the Doctor rewarded him with 10/- and a whole holiday.  He also, it
+may be added, as a reckless feat, when bathing, leapt stark naked across
+the first lock; a performance which the slightest slip might have made
+fatal.
+
+Many are the anecdotes which could be here told of our adventures; as of
+policemen or keepers eluded, or put off the scent, by various ruses, &c.,
+&c., on our various marauding expeditions, but I will mention only two
+more incidents.
+
+From the same feelings of jealousy, doubtless, which produce the “Town
+and Gown” antagonism at the University, there was much ill-feeling among
+the lower class of boys in the town towards ourselves, and free fights
+occasionally occurred between them and the hated “bull-dogs.”  At dusk
+stones were thrown at us, which it was difficult to avoid in the then
+badly lighted streets.  Sudden sorties were made from alleys, to take us
+unawares, and send us sprawling on the coggles.  Especially in snowy
+weather we were assailed with snowballs on our way from school to the
+Doctor’s house, and although we stood shoulder to shoulder and made a
+spirited resistance, it not uncommonly occurred that these missiles were
+(doubtless purposely) made to contain a piece of ice, or even a sharp
+flint.  In one of these skirmishes the writer himself was struck on the
+temple, his eye only just escaping, by a snowball, which a comrade picked
+up, on seeing that the wound was bleeding, and a fragment of glass was
+found inside it; this, surely, an extreme illustration of the principle
+that “all is lawful in war.”
+
+One great event, of yearly re-occurrence, was our bonfire with fireworks,
+on the 5th of November.  Pocket money was hoarded up several weeks
+beforehand, to provide for the latter; some boys even made their own
+squibs and crackers, and these were considerably larger and more
+formidable than those which were bought.  The scene was usually a field
+on Langton Hill, which belonged to the school.  Subscriptions were raised
+to purchase 100 faggots, locally called “kids;” but here again our custom
+would, in strictness, have been condemned, for, in addition to the
+purchased fuel, for sometime beforehand, we had been searching the hedges
+around, armed with axes, and so had got together probably as much to
+which we had no right, as that which had been bought.  The bonfire was
+thus doubled in size, and made a blaze which, on the hill, would be seen
+for many a mile.  We had a whole holiday to give us time to pile up the
+heap; and in the evening parents and many other friends crowded to the
+field as spectators.  Sometimes a lighted balloon or two, of varied
+colours, would be sent up, which were watched by the bright eyes of
+sisters and cousins, until they were lost in the distance.
+
+At length the conflagration was reduced to smouldering ashes, and all
+retired; but on our way back to the school house there were often rough
+doings, between the town boys and bull-dogs; free vent was given to
+spite, and a broken or bruised head, or body, might be the result; but we
+made no complaint; as loyal subjects we had done our duty in protesting
+against all such underhand doings as “Gunpowder Plot;” and, after a
+hearty supper, given by our kind Head Master, we enjoyed the rest, well
+earned by the exertions and trials of the day.
+
+We have now said enough of the school, its institutions and customs,
+under a regime which has passed away, doubtless never to return; _tempora
+mutantur_.
+
+Of the modern school we may here say that it is now doing useful work,
+although with a different class of pupils to those above referred to; and
+in the near future, it is hoped, that further changes will give it a
+still higher position in educational work.  Under Dr. A. G. Madge, who
+retired and accepted church preferment in 1907, the school was made to
+meet the requirements of the Oxford and Cambridge local examinations, the
+London University Matriculation, and the South Kensington Science and Art
+Departments.
+
+In late years boys from the school have filled posts in various parts of
+the world with credit.  A considerable number have obtained clerkships in
+banks, or in the Civil Service; one boy, Richard Gordon Healey, passed
+7th among more than a hundred candidates for the General Post Office
+service, London, and is now in the excise service.  Another, Fairburn, is
+Assistant Inspector of Police at Singapore.  Another, Isle, is a Civil
+Engineer, and has taken the B.Sc. degree.  A summary of successes at the
+school, kindly supplied to the writer by Dr. Madge, shows that in the
+last seven years (1906) five boys have passed the London University
+Matriculation, 19 the Cambridge local examination, 34 the South
+Kensington examination, while four have qualified for the public Civil
+Service; a creditable result for a town of the size of Horncastle.
+
+                [Picture: The Seal of the Grammar School]
+
+A recent change has been the admission of pupil teachers to classes
+specially adapted to their requirements, and with this accession to the
+numbers receiving instruction, there are now more pupils in the school,
+male and female together, than at any period within the last 30 years.
+
+The latest changes, in the direction of progress, have been as follows: A
+new governing body has been created by the Board of Education, consisting
+of 13 members; the Lord of the Manor, the Honble. R. Stanhope, being _ex
+officio_ one of them; eight representative Governors holding office for
+three years; two being appointed by the Lindsey County Council, three
+(one of them a female) by the Urban Council, two by the Guardians, one by
+the Justices of the Peace at the Lindsey Quarter Sessions.  There are
+also four co-optative Governors (among them one female at least),
+appointed by the Governors for five years.  It is further ordered that
+the Head Master need not be in Holy Orders; under which rule has been
+appointed the present Head Master, Mr. Arthur N. Worman, B.A., London,
+late Assistant Master at King Edward VII. Grammar School, King’s Lynn,
+who was selected by the Governors from 150 candidates for the post.
+
+
+
+Addendum I.
+
+
+It will have been observed that we have so far adopted the prevalent
+nomenclature, and spoken of this school as an Elizabethan institution,
+founded in 1571.  It must now be added that, venerable as that date of
+origin would make it, it has a higher claim to our veneration still.
+_Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona_.  There were grammar schools before that
+date.  Edward VI. is said to have established several, in various parts
+of the country, and we have already named two such in our own
+neighbourhood, viz., those of Spilsby and Louth; but it is now known that
+even these were, strictly speaking, revivals of still other institutions.
+It is now known that not a few of the charities, or public institutions,
+supposed to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth, were really of older
+date, but revived, confirmed, or augmented, under her wise rule.  In a
+published account of the old grammar school of Giggleswick, Yorkshire,
+{106a} commonly reputed to be a foundation of Edward VI., is the
+following statement, “a large number of schools bear the name of Ed. VI.,
+who undoubtedly desired to strengthen the grammar school system.  His
+good intentions were, however, frustrated by the Commissioners; and very
+few of the so-called Edward VI. grammar schools had their origin in his
+reign, being older foundations with a new name.” {106b}
+
+It seems certain that Horncastle Grammar School is an analogous case.
+Documents have recently been brought to light in the archives of the Dean
+and Chapter of Lincoln, which prove that, acting for the Chancellor (who
+was _ex officio_ “Magister Scholarum”), during a temporary vacancy of
+that office, they appointed Masters to the grammar schools of Boston,
+Partney, Horncastle, and elsewhere, in the year 1329; the Horncastle
+Master, so appointed, being one John of Beverley.  This mode of
+appointment being exceptional, was only to be valid for one year; but the
+Chancellorship continuing vacant, the Masters were confirmed in their
+positions by the Dean and Chapter, in the following year 1330, and again
+in 1331; and so on, in successive years. {106c}
+
+Now this mode of appointment being only in lieu of appointment by the
+Chancellor, while his office was in abeyance, it follows that these
+schools were in existence, as public institutions under the Chancellor,
+before the dates named.  Although, therefore, we are unable to fix the
+exact period of the school’s existence, it may be satisfactory for
+Horncastrians to know that, in addition to the various interesting
+associations which we have already given as connected with the school,
+there is proof that before Shakespeare had composed one of his immortal
+plays, before Spenser had written a line of his _Faerie Queen_, before
+Bacon had even thought of his _Advancement of Learning_, there had
+existed a “seat of learning” in the small provincial town of Horncastle,
+which had then attained to the respectable age of more than two
+centuries.
+
+We have been accustomed to consider the foundation of William of Wykeham,
+at Winchester, in 1373, as one at least of our very oldest, but
+Horncastle Grammar School may even be of still earlier date than that.
+The oldest school of all is King’s School, Canterbury, attributed to
+Archbishop Theodore, A.D. 670, but which may probably be traced to St.
+Augustine.  St. Peter’s School, York, is the next oldest.
+
+
+
+Addendum II.
+
+
+The Governors of the Grammar School are about to erect, in this year,
+1908, new and more commodious premises for the school, in the grounds of
+what is now called “The Chestnuts,” near the west end of West Street.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+WATSON’S FREE SCHOOL.
+
+
+Next in importance to the Grammar School, and prior to the existence of
+the two well appointed National Schools, Church and Wesleyan, possibly
+even of greater utility than at present, is Watson’s Free Infant School;
+the founder of which placed it under the control of the Grammar School.
+
+The title deeds of this Institution are in the keeping of Mr. H. Tweed,
+Solicitor, who is Clerk to the Governors; and from these we gather the
+following particulars of its history.  Richard Watson in the latter half
+of the 18th century was a resident in, and a native of, Horncastle, being
+the son of James Watson, who had made money by tanning, at that time a
+staple business in the town.  Although engaged in trade he ranked with
+the resident gentry, his sister, Frances, marrying James Conington, Esq.,
+belonging to a family of good position, not only in the town, but in the
+county; members of which have also distinguished themselves at the
+Universities, the name still surviving.  She is referred to in an
+Indenture of date 22nd Sept., 25 George III. (1785), as “Frances
+Conington, of Boston, widow, formerly Frances Watson, spinster, surviving
+sister and heir of Richard Watson, late of Horncastle, gent., deceased,
+tanner, and his wife Elizabeth.”  By her marriage she had a son Francis
+Conington, who as nephew of Richard Watson, was the sole executor of his
+will and testament.  The principal deed has the following external
+inscription: “Title deeds of the school, signed, sealed and delivered, by
+Benjamin Handley (afterwards called “of New Sleaford”), {108a} in the
+presence of Williom Swallow, {108b} supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of
+Horncastle.”
+
+The following is the heading within, “Sealed and delivered by Frances
+Conington, being first duly stamped, in the presence of Caleb Preston,
+and Bowlin Kelsey of Boston.”  This is further confirmed, as follows:
+“Sealed and delivered by Frances Conington, in the presence of William
+Swallow, supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of Horncastle.”
+
+Then follows a “Release of lands in Lincolnshire to found a school (dated
+22nd Sept., 1785), inrolled in His Majesty’s High Court of Chancery, the
+8th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1786, being first duly stamped
+according to the tenor of the statutes made for that purpose.”  (Signed)
+Thomas Brigstock.
+
+                       [Picture: The Market Place]
+
+The seals attached to this are those of Frances Conington, James
+Conington and Benjamin Handley.  There is a note in the margin that
+“James Conington came before me this day, and acknowledged this to be his
+deed, and prayed the same might be inrolled in His Majesty’s High Court
+of Chancery.  Robert Chapman, Master in Chancery.”  Dated 6th March,
+1786.
+
+The actual terms of Richard Watson’s will are these: “I am very desirous
+of establishing a small school within the town of Horncastle, wherein the
+children of such poor persons, as the Governors of the Grammar School
+shall think objects of charity, may be taught to read, knit, spin, and
+plain needlework, or sewing.  I do therefore hereby earnestly request,
+will, and direct, my nephew and executor, after my decease, by deed,
+conveyance (&c.), to convey, and assure, to the said Governors, and their
+successors, for ever, all the lands situate in Croft, and all those
+messuages, cottages, or tenements, within the yards and pingle adjoining,
+situate in Far Street (now called West Street), Horncastle; and also that
+part of now inclosed arable, meadow, and pasture ground, lying in
+Wigtoft, containing 6 acres, 28 perches, now in the occupation of my
+cousin, William Watson, with appurtenances, upon the Trusts following,
+viz.: (1) to keep the house (school) in good repair, and the residence
+(2) for the maintenance of a proper master or mistress, to be from time
+to time nominated by them, to teach such poor children, &c.”
+
+It is then added that “the said Richard Watson dying on Sept. 30 (1784),
+the said Frances and James Conington, desirous to fulfil his bequest,
+agree to convey to the use of the said Governors, the said messuages,
+&c.”  An Indenture is added, witnessing “that on payment by Benjamin
+Handley of ten shillings to Frances and James Conington, they have
+granted, sold, and released” the aforesaid property, and “appointed by
+these presents from the day next before the date of the Indenture, all
+the said messuages, &c., called by the name of the ‘ffoal thing,’ {110a}
+and that plot commonly called ‘Backside,’ the closes in Croft abutting on
+the highway, and lands near the old sea bank; and land called the ‘bridge
+plot’ in Wigtoft (6 acres), assigned to Richard Watson, by the award of
+the Commissioners appointed by Parliament, in the 12th year of His
+Majesty, for enclosing common and open fields (No. 40 in award map), with
+houses, barns, curtilages, and woods, to be held by the Governors of the
+Grammar School, the reversions, rents, &c., to the use of John Thorold
+(and the Governors), {110b} on trust, that the said Governors collect the
+rents, &c., and apply them as shall be required, from time to time, for
+poor children; and shall have power to erect a new school house, or
+alter, enlarge, &c., and to mortgage, &c., in order to provide suitable
+(premises), spinning wheels, &c., and to make rules for management, as
+shall to their judgment seem needed, agreeing with the said Benjamin
+Handley, and his heirs, &c., subject in all things to the Court of
+Chancery at Westminster.”
+
+The present status of the school is as follows: The original premises are
+still in use, standing in a retired position, in “Watson’s Yard,” about
+50 yards from West Street; they consist of school buildings, play yard,
+and teacher’s residence.  In 1835 the school was enlarged and repaired.
+In 1895 it was further improved by the removal of bedrooms above, when it
+was opened up to the roof; at the same time a commodious classroom was
+added at the east end.  Accommodation was thus provided for 120 children.
+The increase in scholars necessitated an increase in the teaching staff,
+and the Head Teacher, Mrs. Robert Marshall, who was appointed in 1885,
+has, since these alterations, been assisted by an Under Mistress and two
+Monitors.
+
+The scholars are of both sexes, and between the ages of three years and
+seven.  The school is conducted on Church of England principles, and
+examined by both Diocesan and Government Inspectors; a Government Grant
+being earned to supplement the funds of the Watson bequest.  The scholars
+are taught reading, writing and arithmetic, with the various kindergarten
+subjects.  The Secretary to the Charity, H. Tweed, Esq., Solicitor, of
+Horncastle, pays half the rents to the Lincoln County Council, for
+teachers’ salaries, and retains the other half for repairs and incidental
+expenses.  All the other tenements in Watson’s Yard are the property of
+the Charity.
+
+
+
+THE LANCASTERIAN & THE BELL SCHOOLS.
+
+
+Beside the endowed schools, already described, the Grammar School for the
+middle and upper class, and Watson’s School for the children of the
+poorer classes; there were two other schools before the present National
+Schools came into existence, the history of which is of some interest.
+Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, says “a school, on the
+Lancasterian, or British system, was established at a public meeting,
+held in October, 1813; and, a few days later, a meeting was held at the
+church, when it was resolved to establish a school on the plan of Dr.
+Bell.  Both buildings were erected in 1814, supported by voluntary
+contributions, each for about 200 children.” {111}
+
+This needs some explanation.  Dr. Andrew Bell was an East Indian
+Company’s Chaplain, stationed at Fort St. George, Madras, in 1789.  He
+noticed, in the course of his duties, that in the native schools, beside
+the regular paid teachers, the more advanced pupils were also employed to
+instruct younger scholars; each pupil thus having a tutor, and each tutor
+a pupil; a system by which both were enabled to learn faster, and led to
+take more interest in their work, than would otherwise have been
+generally possible.  Being an enthusiast in educational matters, he
+resigned his chaplaincy, with its good stipend, to inaugurate, and
+himself carry on, a school for the children of Europeans in the
+Presidency, on the same principles.  The result was so satisfactory that
+on his return to England, in 1797, he published an account of what he
+called the “Madras, or Monitorial System,” and endeavoured to introduce
+it in this country.  Little progress, however, was made for some time,
+beyond the establishment of a charity school, on these lines, at St.
+Botolph’s, Aldgate, London, and a school at Kendal, Co. Cumberland.
+
+About the same date Joseph Lancaster, a young Quaker, set up a school for
+poor children, before he was 19 years of age, in a room lent to him by
+his father, in the Borough Road, Southwark, and in a very short time he
+had nearly 100 under his charge.  He also adopted the monitorial method,
+but, as a Quaker, omitting the Church teaching of the Bell schools.
+Persevering in the work, he was received in audience by the King, George
+III., who gave him encouragement.  He then travelled over the kingdom,
+giving lectures on the new mode of instruction; which in consequence
+spread with rapidity.  In 1798 he taught about 1,000 boys, between the
+ages of 5 and 12 years, his sisters teaching some 200 girls.
+
+Objections were made to the indefinite character of the religious
+teaching of a Quaker, by Professor Marsh, and others, and the Bell
+schools, with their Church instruction, had by the year 1818 become
+numerous.  The services of Dr. Bell himself, in the cause of education
+had been recognised, and rewarded by a Canonry of Westminster.  By the
+year 1828 upwards of 200,000 children were being taught on his system,
+and at his death, a few years later, he bequeathed £120,000 to carry on
+the work which he had so much at heart. {112a}
+
+These two systems, the Lancasterian or unsectarian schools, and the Bell
+or church schools, continued to increase in number; there having been
+established in 1805 “The Royal Lancasterian Institution,” otherwise
+called “The British and Foreign School Society,” while the Bell system
+was represented by “The Church of England National School Society.”
+
+The first Lancasterian or British School founded in Horncastle, in 1814,
+was located in premises adjoining the Wong, on the site afterwards
+occupied by the first Volunteer Drill Hall.  It was afterwards
+transferred to what is now called Dog-Kennel Yard, occupying a building
+which had previously been a theatre, and which was partly fitted up with
+sittings removed from St. Mary’s Church, giving accommodation for 200
+children.  Neither in its internal structure, however, nor in its
+situation in an out-of-the-way back yard, was the former theatre well
+adapted for school purposes; and although the late Mr. Samuel Goe had in
+1869 bequeathed a legacy to the school, which rendered it almost
+independent of annual subscriptions, the establishment of a much more
+commodious school by the Wesleyans, in Foundry Street in 1860, affected
+it unfavourably, the number of scholars gradually decreased, and it was
+finally closed in 1876. {112b}
+
+The Bell, or Church School, also built in 1814, and accommodating about
+200 scholars of both sexes, formed the nucleus of the present Church
+National Schools.  These two schools, the Lancasterian or British, and
+the Bell or Church School, are the only public elementary schools, named
+in the _Gazetteers_ for many years, except the Watson Charity School,
+already described.
+
+Of the present Church National Schools, that for infants was erected in
+1860, that for boys in 1872, at a cost of about £1,000, the original
+building being now the girls’ school; the whole affording accommodation
+for 300 children.  These were, a few years ago, taken over by the Lindsey
+County Council (in 1893), and are now under both Diocesan and Government
+Inspection. {112c}
+
+
+
+THE SCIENCE & ART SCHOOL.
+
+
+With the establishment of Technical Schools this country may be said to
+have entered on a new era, in national education, which, in its
+development, may lead to results, the importance of which can hardly yet
+be realized.  The possibilities are almost unlimited.  A wide-spread
+network has been created, which may bring even the humblest members of
+our artisan families within its deneficial meshes, while also working at
+intervals, as opportunities offer, in our remotest villages.
+
+This great movement, curiously, originated from dissension in Parliament,
+a remarkable illustration of the old adage, “’Tis an ill wind that blows
+no one any good.”  In the year 1890 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in
+Lord Salisbury’s ministry, {113a} introduced what was called “The Local
+Taxation (customs and excise) Bill,” {113b} intended to empower County
+Councils to buy up the licences of superfluous public houses, and to
+compensate the publicans by grants of money.  The funds for this purpose
+were not to be a charge upon the local rates, but to be provided by an
+increase of the duty on spirituous liquors.  Strange to say, this measure
+was so persistently opposed by the temperance party, aided by others, who
+for the moment acted with them, that the proposed use of the money, thus
+raised, was at length abandoned, a considerable surplus, however, being
+thus at the Chancellor’s disposal, after the reduction of several other
+taxes, the remainder was handed over to the County Councils, to be
+employed in the furtherance of technical education.  The money thus set
+apart was called “the ear-marked money,” and the measure enacting it was,
+somewhat unworthily, termed “The Whiskey Bill.”  Horncastle benefitted by
+a sum being placed to the credit of the local authorities for the
+establishment of a school of science and art; all such institutions in
+the county being under the general direction of the organizing secretary,
+Mr. S. Maudson Grant, residing in Lincoln.
+
+                       [Picture: St. Mary’s Square]
+
+At first classes were held in the Masonic Hall, Bank Street; and in 1891
+an efficient teacher, Mr. Mallet, was engaged to give commercial
+instruction in arithmetic, shorthand, &c., {114a} and he was very
+successful in getting pupils.  In 1892 larger accommodation was required,
+and two rooms were rented, over what is now the Bicycle Depot of Mr.
+Sorfleet, at 14, East Street; and Mr. Switzer was engaged as teacher of
+science and art, at a salary of £100 a year, being allowed further to
+augment his income by taking private pupils in certain other subjects.
+About the same time £100 was spent on models, and other requisites; and
+by the close of 1892, Tetford, Wragby, and Woodhall Spa having been
+included in a general scheme for the district, it was found that the
+pupils attending the classes already numbered 219; of whom 76 were under
+Mr. Mallet’s instruction, 101 under Mr. Switzer, including 39 school
+teachers in the neighbourhood, attending on Saturdays; while 42 received
+special instruction from a qualified teacher in dressmaking.  Operations
+were also, in the same year, extended to rural parishes, a meeting being
+held at Woodhall Spa, on Feb. 10, presided over by the Rev. T. Livesey,
+County Councillor, when a district embracing 20 parishes was formed; Mr.
+Livesey being _ex officio_ Chairman of Committees, Canon J. Clare Hudson,
+Vicar of Thornton, appointed as acting Chairman, and the Rev. J. Conway
+Walter, Rector of Langton, Hon. Secretary.
+
+This was followed by other meetings at Horncastle, at which, in due
+course, plans were matured for both town and country classes in various
+subjects.  On the death of Mr. T. Livesey, in 1894, Mr. Robert Searby, of
+Edlington, succeeded him as County Councillor, and took a great interest
+in the school; the late Mr. W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties Bank,
+was elected Chairman, and for several years he rendered most valuable
+service to the schools, being followed, on his decease in 1901, by Mr. R.
+W. Clitherow, Solicitor, who had previously acted as Treasurer.  So far
+the whole scheme had been attended by the most marked success in all
+departments.
+
+In the year 1894 the numbers of pupils, and of the subjects taught, had
+further increased; and it became necessary again to move into more
+commodious premises.  The large building in Queen Street, which had been
+erected by the late Mr. F. Stevens, of Gordon Villa, and was then
+occupied by Miss Morris, as a school for young ladies, was rented, having
+two large classrooms and a smaller one.
+
+Among the teachers who followed was Miss Annie Foster, who succeeded Mr.
+Switzer in July, 1895, and continued as head of the Institution for
+nearly six years.  She was a most enthusiastic and energetic worker, and
+under her the schools attained the highest point of success, both as
+regards the number of pupils attending and the variety of subjects
+taught.  The school at this time had attained to the highest degree of
+efficiency which it is ever likely to reach.  Not only had Horncastle
+pupils taken more prizes than those of any other technical school in the
+Parts of Lindsey, but on the visit of the Government Inspector, Mr.
+Minton, at the prize-giving in September, 1896, he stated that the school
+occupied the third place in all England. {114b}
+
+In the year 1899 again the Inspector, on his examination in October,
+reported its state as being “very satisfactory,” and in that year grants
+were earned of £140 from the County Council, £35 from South Kensington
+Science and Art department, £50 from the Whitehall department, £12 from
+fees for science and art teaching, £10 from the evening continuation
+classes, a total of £247.  Miss Foster was assisted by Miss M. E. Edgar.
+A former pupil, Mr. C. H. Stevens, a native of Horncastle, was also
+appointed Assistant Master, until he was promoted to take charge of a
+technical school at Folkestone.  Mr. A. Blades, of the London University,
+Junior Master of the Grammar School, was for a time an Assistant.  At the
+end of 1900 (Nov. 15) Miss Foster resigned, being promoted to the head
+teachership of the Camden School of Art, in London.  Miss M. E. Edgar,
+who had been assistant teacher for several years, was at this date
+appointed Head Teacher, in the Science and Art department, Mr. C. W.
+Gott, of the Grammar School, B.A. of London University, becoming Head
+Master of the evening continuation school, and Mr. H. J. Haddock teacher
+of shorthand.
+
+It would not be possible, nor is it desirable, here to go into full
+details as to all the work done; but as, in future years, it may be
+interesting to have some record of the progress in the earlier days of
+this Institution, and as the writer of these pages has been closely
+connected with the school, from its first inception, a summary of the
+more important particulars is here given.
+
+In the spring of the year 1896, a course of public lectures, illustrated
+by lantern views, was given by himself, descriptive of his own travels in
+Egypt, which were attended by full audiences of junior pupils, and many
+adults.  In 1897 he gave a similar series of lectures on his travels in
+Palestine, and these proving equally popular, a third supplementary
+course was given by him in 1898.
+
+In 1898 illustrated lectures were also given by the Rev. J. A. Penny,
+Vicar of Wispington, on “The Abbeys and Castles of England,” and as being
+very instructive on the subject of architecture, these were largely
+attended.  They were followed by a course, which proved very interesting,
+given by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, the Treasurer, descriptive of a walking
+tour made by himself, among the scenery of the English lakes.  He also
+gave an instructive lecture on Canada.
+
+In the spring of 1898 the Head Teacher, Miss Foster, gave a series of
+lectures on “Physiography,” being an account, the result of most careful
+study and practical investigation, of the various geological formations
+and fossils of the earth, illustrated by specimens largely of her own
+collecting. {115}  These were very instructive, and attended by a fairly
+numerous class of pupils.
+
+Other valuable courses of lectures were given during this early period of
+the school’s existence.  In the autumn of 1896 Dr. R. McLay, of
+Horncastle, was engaged by the Committee to give lectures in the Masonic
+Hall, on “First Aid to the Injured,” under the St. John’s Ambulance
+regulations.  The pupils, numbering 25, were afterwards examined by Dr.
+G. M. Lowe, of Lincoln, when 23 of them passed as entitled to St. John’s
+Ambulance Certificates.  So much interest was shewn in these lectures (to
+which policemen were specially invited), that it was resolved, in the
+following year (1897), that the services of Dr. McLay should be secured
+for a repetition of them, with increased remuneration.  They were again
+given in the autumn of that year (beginning Oct. 18), when 24 persons
+attended, of whom 16 presented themselves for examination, which was
+again held by Dr. Lowe, all of whom passed with credit, and gained
+ambulance certificates.  We give these particulars as shewing the value
+of the work done at this period.
+
+Similarly valuable instruction has been given in later years, but, with
+diminished funds available, and classes smaller, owing doubtless to the
+exhaustion in some degree of the stream of candidates for instruction,
+compared with its flush at the outset of the school’s existence, fewer
+lectures on these extra subjects have been given; and instruction has
+been confined to more ordinary, but not less useful, work, in drawing,
+geometric and from models; modelling in clay, painting in water colours
+and oils, book-keeping, arithmetic, shorthand, French, and so forth.
+
+To show that the school has continued to do good work, we may state that
+on January 25, 1906, a meeting was held for the annual prize giving, when
+close upon 70 pupils, of both sexes (69), received rewards, several of
+them for success in four or five different subjects.  For the year 1905–6
+the school received a grant of £100 from the County Council, £25 from the
+Horncastle Urban Council, and the fees of pupils paid about half the
+expenses.
+
+We now give a brief account of the more important of the work carried on
+during the same period in the country parishes.  In March, 1892, the
+first “pioneer” lecture was given at Woodhall Spa, on Horticulture, by
+Mr. Horace Huntly, lately in charge of the Duke of Bedford’s gardens at
+Woburn Abbey, Beds.  This was well attended, and the instruction given
+was most useful, for the better cultivation of cottagers’ gardens.  This
+was followed by a course of three lectures on the same subject, in March
+of the succeeding year.  In April of the same year (1892), a series of
+six lectures were given at Stixwould and Horsington, by Miss Kenealy, of
+the National Health Society, on the subject of home nursing, and
+treatment in cases of accident, fevers, &c.  These also proved so
+instructive that she was engaged to repeat them in the summer of the
+following year; and they were given in eight different parishes,
+beginning with Langton on June 5th; the attendances being very large, in
+one case 70 being present.
+
+Mr. Robert Jalland, Surgeon, of Horncastle, also gave a lecture at
+Kirkby-on-Bain, in April of the same year, on the subject: “How to secure
+healthy homes,” which was very instructive and well attended, over 40
+being present.  In the autumn of that year a series of five lectures on
+Cookery were given by Mrs. Pierce, of the National Health Society, at
+four centres, Roughton, Thimbleby, Horsington, and Minting, beginning on
+Oct. 10th, and continued weekly.  These were considered so instructive
+that the Secretary, having made notes of them, was requested to have 500
+copies printed, for free distribution, which was done.
+
+In January of 1893 lectures on butter-making, with practical
+demonstrations, were given by Miss Carter, a professional teacher with
+certificate of the B.D.F.A., in nine parishes, from Jan. 12th to 24th.
+Lessons in sheep shearing were given in May, at eight centres, Roughton,
+Kirkstead, Woodhall, Langton, Wispington, Stixwould, Bucknall, and
+Thimbleby, the teachers being Mr. S. Leggett of Moorhouses, Boston, and
+Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington; prizes of £1 and 10/- being given to the
+most proficient pupils.
+
+In 1894 lessons were given in hedge plashing, on Mr. Gaunt’s farm at
+Waddingworth, in November, the teacher being Mr. H. Butler of Greetham,
+money prizes being given.  Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr.
+Carter’s farm at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of
+Hatton, money prizes being also given.
+
+In 1895 lectures on poultry keeping were given in February, by Mr. E.
+Brown, F.L.S., and Mr. F. Parton, at five centres; and they also visited
+various farmyards in the neighbourhood to give practical advice; these
+lessons were well attended.  Lessons in horse shoeing were given at
+Horncastle, for the neighbourhood, by Mr. J. B Gresswell, M.R.V.C., of
+Louth, in May and June, at which nine blacksmiths attended; certificates
+of the National Association of Farriers being awarded.  Lessons on sheep
+shearing were given at Thimbleby, Kirkstead, and Bucknall, in June, the
+teacher being Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington.  Dairy lessons on butter
+making and stilton cheese production were given by Miss Carter, at
+Woodhall Spa, Kirkby-on-Bain, Minting, and Reed’s Beck, in October and
+November.  Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr. F. W. Scott’s
+farm, at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton,
+and money prizes given.  Two lectures on bee keeping were given at
+Woodhall Spa, in November, 1895, by Mr. W. J. Banks of the Grammar
+School, Wragby, which were well attended; the same gentleman also giving
+a practical demonstration of the same, by request, at the Manor House,
+Woodhall Spa, in August of the following year (1896).
+
+                         [Picture: Bridge Street]
+
+In 1896 Hedge Plashing lessons were given, in January, at Stixwould,
+Bucknall, and Horsington, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton.  The
+Head Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant, was present and said he was “much
+pleased with the work done.”  Lessons in stack thatching were given, in
+September, in the yards of Mr. H. N. Coates, of Langton, Mr. R. Roberts,
+of Thimbleby, and Mr. S. Harrison, of Roughton, to ten candidates, the
+teacher being Mr. Isaac Storey, of West Ashby.  These extended over four
+days, and were pronounced by the General Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant,
+of Lincoln, to be “highly satisfactory.”  In November lessons in
+under-draining were again given by Mr. W. Scott, of Hatton, on the farm
+of Mr. Joseph Clifton, of Horsington, to two classes of candidates, those
+over and those under 24 years of age, and were well attended.
+
+In 1897 hedge plashing lessons were given in February, on the farm of Mr.
+S. Harrison, of Roughton, also by Mr. W. Scott, on three days, to two
+classes, over and under 24 years of age, being also well attended; prizes
+of 25/-, 20/-, and 15/- being given to each class; and two extra prizes
+of 7/6.
+
+Poultry lectures were given, also in February, extending over six days,
+at Mr. Bates Leedale’s farm, at Woodhall, and at Mr. W. H. Holmes’, of
+Minting House, by Mr. W. Cook, the well-known chicken breeder, and
+originator of the breed named “Orpingtons,” of Orpington House, St. Mary
+Cray, Kent (since deceased).  These lectures created the greatest
+interest; the audiences were crowded, at one lecture there being 127
+present; and as he visited many farmyards to give advice, and several
+farmers bought valuable chickens from him, his visit may be said to have
+materially improved the breed of fowls in the neighbourhood.
+
+In May of this year, 1897, it was decided at head-quarters to make a
+change in the process of operations.  Hitherto instruction in the country
+parishes had been provided through the Committee of the Science and Art
+School, at Horncastle, but from this date each parish was to have its own
+Technical Education Committee, elected annually, with the other parish
+officials; and these were to apply direct to the Head Secretary, at
+Lincoln, for such instruction as they might think desirable, parishes
+uniting for this purpose if they chose to do so.  More money than
+heretofore was now being expended on the Science and Art School in
+Lincoln, and the grants for the country lessons were now greatly reduced.
+Of this country instruction no record was henceforth kept at Horncastle,
+and no detailed account can therefore be given here; the lessons have
+been mainly confined to hedge plashing, ploughing, under-draining, and
+such other practical subjects as suited the farmer, or agricultural
+labourer.
+
+In conclusion it may be said that although it is yet too early to
+prophecy, it would seem that a great future lies before us in the
+development of education.  Co-ordination of work between (as we have at
+Horncastle) the endowed Infant School, the National Schools, Technical
+Schools, and the “secondary” Grammar School, with higher-grade colleges,
+should furnish a kind of educational ladder, by which the child of the
+artizan, or rustic, may rise from the humblest position to the highest,
+if he has the ability, and the will, to avail himself of the
+opportunities thus placed within his reach.  It is hardly too much to say
+that the result may well be, that in the keen rivalry of nations, which
+characterizes the present age, England should thus be enabled to more
+than hold her own in the struggle of industrial life.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+THE DISPENSARY
+
+
+May well be said to be the most important charity in the town, not only
+from the valuable services which it has, through many years, rendered to
+the suffering poor, but because it was a pioneer institution of its kind;
+while the area of its usefulness has probably been more extensive than
+that of any similar charity in the county.
+
+Dispensaries were established at Louth in the year 1803, at Lincoln in
+1826, at Grantham in 1838, at Boston in 1852, at Market Rasen in 1857;
+but Horncastle was in advance of the earliest of these by more than a
+dozen years.  Further, the records of the charity shew, that, in the
+early years of its existence, patients were here treated from places so
+distant as Spilsby, Friskney, Wainfleet, Trusthorpe, Theddlethorpe,
+Alford, Fotherby, Marsh Chapel, Saltfleetby, Boston, Lincoln, Sleaford,
+Grantham, and even beyond the county, from Loughborough, Hull, and
+Beverley.
+
+This, it may be explained, was mainly due to the fact that it was
+virtually the creation of a man who was, in many matters, in advance of
+his time, that great public benefactor, Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., of
+Revesby Abbey, who held the Manor of Horncastle, and took the greatest
+interest in the welfare of the town and neighbourhood.
+
+At a preliminary meeting held at the Bull Inn, Horncastle, on Wednesday,
+Oct., 28, 1789, it was resolved, apparently on his initiative, to
+establish a dispensary; and this took formal shape on Dec. 3rd following,
+when the governing body was elected, consisting of Sir Jos. Banks,
+President, with Vice-Presidents the Honble. Lewis Dymoke, King’s
+Champion, Thomas Coltman, Esq., William Elmhirst, Esq., Treasurer, and
+Richard Clitherow, Gent., legal adviser; the Honorary Physicians being
+Edmund Laycock, M.D., and Edward Harrison, M.D., with Mr. John Chislett
+as Surgeon and Apothecary.
+
+A code of rules was drawn up, which, with occasional revisions, to suit
+changing circumstances, remain substantially the same to the present day.
+A donation of 10 guineas constituted a life Governor, a legacy of the
+like amount gave the trustee paying it the same privilege.  An annual
+subscription of one guinea made the subscriber a Governor during the
+year.  Church or chapel collections of two guineas secured governorship
+for the year to the minister, and an additional Governor for each two
+guineas so collected.  The officials were to be a President,
+Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer, elected annually at a special meeting of
+the Governors.  Other regulations, as to patients and their attendance,
+numbered between 40 and 50.
+
+The institution was to be open on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 11 a.m.
+till noon, when the medical officers would prescribe for patients,
+attending with a governor’s nomination.  Those unable to attend should be
+visited at their homes.  As a small practical beginning the wooden
+framework of a shop was bought at Wainfleet, for the small sum of 5/5;
+and drugs were ordered from the firm of Wallis & Stockton, of York; and a
+further supply obtained from Messrs. Skeen & Peale, of London.
+
+The first building, which was used from 1789 till 1867, was No. 2 on the
+south side of St. Mary’s Churchyard, being rented for the sum of five
+guineas a year, until it was purchased in Feb., 1810, for the
+institution, jointly by Dr. Harrison and the Rev. John Fretwell, {120a}
+for £111 2s. 8d., the conveyance being effected by Mr. Clitherow at a
+charge of £13 15s. 8d.  Improvements were made in this building, at a
+cost of £13 5s., in 1812, and of £27 15s. 7d. in 1821.
+
+Of the first physicians, Dr. Laycock resigned office in his first year,
+on Sept. 29th, 1790; but Dr. Harrison continued his duties for many
+years, only retiring on Oct. 11th, 1821, shortly before his death.
+Although that gentleman carried on a private asylum, for patients
+mentally affected, at his own residence in West Street, {120b} he took a
+great interest in the Dispensary, and was indefatigable in his
+attendances, often at his own inconvenience.  Moreover his pecuniary
+assistance was not small; as, besides sharing in the purchase of the
+premises in St. Mary’s Churchyard, the accounts shew that in 1820 he paid
+£27, and in the following year £19 14s. 4d., for Dispensary expenses,
+which sums were afterwards repaid to him by the Governors; and (as will
+be shewn hereafter) he bequeathed at his death £100 to the funds.  A vote
+of thanks was passed to him at the annual meeting of the Governors in
+September of 1821, for a further gift of £21, with the expression of
+their regret that his valuable services could no longer be given.
+Associated with Dr. Harrison, in dispensary work, was Dr. Fawssett,
+appointed on the resignation of Dr. Laycock, who loyally co-operated with
+that gentleman for 33 years, and only survived him two years, dying on
+Oct. 16th. 1823.
+
+Since that time almost all the medical men of the town have, in their
+turns, rendered useful service to the Dispensary.  It would be invidious
+to single out any of these as being more capable, or more devoted to the
+work, than others; but we may mention one exceptional case, which all
+will recognize.  From an early period medical pupils were allowed to
+visit the Dispensary, in order to study special cases, and the treatment
+they received from qualified practitioners.  Among these was a young man,
+Mr. E. P. Charlesworth, who virtually here received the early part of his
+medical education.  He afterwards, for some years, practised in
+Horncastle; and in Dec., 1807, a resolution of the Governors was passed,
+conveying to him their warm thanks for his generosity in relieving poor
+patients, often at his own expense, and for his readiness to receive
+them, for consultation, at his own residence, and to make up drugs for
+them at all hours.  He subsequently removed to Lincoln, and became a
+noted physician, whose reputation extended considerably beyond the
+county.  During 33 years he was one of the most active medical advisers
+and patrons of the Lincoln Lunatic Asylum; and, after his death in 1853,
+a statue of him, in white marble, was erected in the grounds of that
+institution.
+
+                          [Picture: High Street]
+
+All these medical attendants at the Dispensary gave their services
+gratuitously until, at a general meeting, held on April 23rd, 1878, a
+resolution was passed, that henceforth the two doctors should each be
+paid £30 a year, which has been the rule ever since.  At that date the
+late Dr A. E. Boulton resigned, and Mr. Robert Jalland and Dr. Haddon
+were the first to receive this well-merited remuneration, attending to
+their duties in alternate months.
+
+Scattered about the minute books of the institution are various notes, of
+some interest, from which we here give a selection.  On Feb. 23rd, 1790,
+the Rev. John Fretwell, “sensible of the distresses of the sick poor,
+gave one and a half guineas from the communion money, to be laid out in
+salop sago and Bowen’s sago powder, to be distributed at the discretion
+of the faculty.”  Nov. 27th, 1790, cases of small pox having occurred in
+the town, it was resolved to inoculate all poor persons, free of charge;
+and thereafter many names are given of those who underwent the operation.
+With this we may compare the following entry as indicating the progress
+of medical science during 12 years.  June 8th, 1802, an epidemic of small
+pox having occurred, and “inoculation becoming general, the Governors
+recommend vaccination.”  A statement was printed for circulation, that in
+100,000 cases of vaccination, not one death had ensued; that it was now
+practised in all parts of the world, and favourably received, and that
+the National Institution of France had pronounced it to be the greatest
+discovery of the last century. {122}
+
+Feb. 4th, 1792, has an entry, in no way bearing upon dispensary work, but
+interesting as a memento of an old mode of conveyance.  The proprietors
+of the sedan chair asked permission for it to be kept at the Dispensary,
+for which they were willing to pay one guinea annually; and this was
+agreed to at the next meeting of the Governors.  This chair was let out
+to convey ladies to evening parties in the town.  It was borne by two
+men, and was in use within living memory, as late as “in the sixties.”
+
+April 21st, 1792.  A gift of apparatus for the recovery of drowned
+persons, with a drag, was received from the Royal Humane Society of
+London.  A water bed was afterwards purchased, which was let out for a
+small fee to poor patients, temporarily bed-ridden.
+
+On Nov. 28th, 1809, at a special meeting of the Governors, the usefulness
+of the Dispensary was further extended by the appointment of a midwife,
+to attend upon poor women in labor, both in town and country, being paid
+from the funds of the charity, a fee of 3/6 for each case; and from the
+year 1810 to 1829, inclusive, Mrs. Elizabeth Southwell is mentioned, from
+time to time, as acting in that capacity.  In the years 1829, 30 and 31,
+owing to the increase in the number of patients, special appeals were
+made to the landowners of the district for increased support.
+
+In July, 1834, a resolution was passed that doctors attending patients at
+the Dispensary, might introduce pupils, to study cases under their
+treatment; and, in one case, a lady applied for permission to attend a
+course of instruction, in order that she might be enabled to assist her
+husband in making up medicines.  From 1840 to 1894 drugs were supplied by
+Messrs. Herring & Co., of London, but since that they have been supplied
+by local chemists, who are subscribers.
+
+In the autumn of 1840 there was an epidemic of scarlatina, and of the 237
+patients on the books, 50 were suffering from that complaint.  In
+consequence of the additional work thus caused, the salary of the
+dispenser was raised from £40 to £60 a year.
+
+Again, with regard to a new source of income, among early notices we find
+the following: that on Sept. 29th, 1790, the first anniversary of the
+Dispensary’s formation, a sermon was preached, on its behalf, at a
+service in the parish church, by the Rev. John Dymoke, Rector of
+Scrivelsby, and Chaplain to his grace the Duke of St. Albans.  This
+became an annual observance, and has continued so ever since, the
+preachers being selected with special care, and often from a considerable
+distance.  For instance, at the following anniversary, in 1791, the Rev.
+Everard Duckworth, LL.D., Prebendary of Canterbury, was invited to
+preach, and he being unable to undertake that office, the Rev. Peter
+Bulmer, Vicar of Thorpe, officiated in his stead.  Among other preachers
+named we find the Rev. Basil Beridge, well-known for his works of
+charity, Rector of Algarkirk, near Boston; the Rev. W. Goodenough,
+Archdeacon of Carlisle; the Rev. E. R. Mantell, Vicar of Louth, and other
+prominent clergy of the county.
+
+How widely the institution was appreciated is shewn by the number of
+leading persons who gave it their patronage.  Sir Joseph Banks was its
+warmest supporter, through life, regularly attending the committee
+meetings, either as a Governor or President, until his decease, June 19,
+1820; and his example brought to the meetings members of the Chaplin,
+Massingberd, and Heneage families, Lord Yarborough, and others, at no
+small inconvenience, from considerable distances.
+
+                         [Picture: The Bull Ring]
+
+Among other Presidents have been the widowed Lady Banks; Lord Yarborough,
+on several occasions; the Honble. and Rev. John Dymoke; to whom succeeded
+the Honble. Henry, afterwards Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart.; Lord Worsley; the
+Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.; J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.  After the death
+of Mr. Stanhope, Jan. 18th, 1904, it was resolved, at a special meeting
+of the Governors, Jan. 28th, that the Secretary should record, among the
+minutes, their regret at his death, and their high appreciation of his
+long and generous support.  The chairman was requested to send a copy of
+this to the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope; and at a meeting held on March 31st,
+following, a very kind letter in reply was read from Mrs. Stanhope,
+promising her support in the future, in lieu of that of the deceased
+gentleman.  The chairman was again requested to convey to her the thanks
+of the Governors, and Mrs. Stanhope was elected and continued to be
+President until her death, October 25th, 1907.
+
+Among Vice-Presidents have been two Earls Fortescue (father and son);
+Lord Worsley: Sir Joseph Hawley, Bart.; J. Hassard Short, Esq.; Earl
+Manvers; C. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq.; General Sir E. Brackenbury,
+Knight of Hanover; J. Lewis Ffytche, Esq.; Capt. Dallas York, Lord
+Willoughby d’Eresby; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart.
+
+For many years a ball was given in aid of the funds, in the Assembly
+Room, Bull Hotel, Horncastle, which (with the exception perhaps of the
+“stuff” ball at Lincoln) was the most fashionably attended of any such
+gathering in the county.  Among the stewards of this ball we find the
+names of G. M. Alington, Esq., of Swinhope Hall; Joseph Livesey, Esq.,
+Stourton Hall; C. Waldo Sibthorpe, Esq., Canwick Hall; G. F. W.
+Sibthorpe, Esq.; Col. Sibthorpe, M.P.; the Right Honble. C. T.
+d’Egremont, M.P.; E. Heneage, Esq., M.P.; Capt. Mansell, of Well Hall; G.
+B. Langton, Esq., of Langton Hall; J. Banks Stanhope, M.P.; Sir Montague
+Cholmondly, Bart.; Sir Charles H. J. Anderson, of Lea, Bart.; Sir William
+Ingilby, Bart., Ripley Castle, Yorks; Lord Yarborough; H. Handley, M.P.,
+Sleaford; Lord Amelius Beauclerk; Capt. Boucherett, North Willingham
+Hall; Honble. Capt. Monson; Capt. Lionel Dymoke.
+
+Among the lady patronesses were Lady Worsley, the Duchess of St. Albans,
+Lady Mary Christopher, Mrs. G. W. Sibthorpe, Lady Anderson, Mrs. Livesey,
+Lady Nelthorpe, Lady Dymoke, Lady Albinia Pye.
+
+These balls were discontinued, to the general regret, and to the loss of
+the dispensary, after the year 1871; and to make up for the loss Mr. J.
+Banks Stanhope in that year presented the institution with a cheque for
+£20.
+
+We close this list of officials, with a brief account of the dispensers,
+on whom the efficiency of the institution largely depended.  They were
+usually qualified chemists, or surgeons and apothecaries; and generally
+also acted as secretaries.  The first of these we have already named, Mr.
+John Chislett, to him succeeded Mr. Lewis Bilton, secretary and
+compositor, 1793–1799; L. Barton, compositor, 1799–1801; G. Lunn,
+compositor, 1801–1807; John Lenton, compositor, 1807–1809; William
+Morley, compositor, 1809–1810; Thomas Taylor, surgeon apothecary,
+compositor, 1811–1826; Thomas Snaith, Surgeon, 1826–1834; William Ward,
+surgeon and apothecary, 1834–1839; W. Shepherd, 1839–1840 (ad interim);
+Francis Macarthur, {124} dispenser, 1840–1865; William Caunt, dispenser,
+1865–75; William Betts, Chemist and Druggist, 1875, Lady-day; elected
+secretary Nov. 2nd, 1882; his services have extended over a longer period
+than those of any previous dispenser.
+
+On the death of the Champion, Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., April 28th, 1865,
+the Governors resolved to erect a new dispensary, as a memorial of his
+long connection with the charity.  Circulars were issued inviting
+subscriptions, and, among other donors, Robert Vyner, Esq., of Gautby
+Hall, gave £200; the site of 52, North Street, was purchased, and the
+present building was erected in 1866.  In 1867 the old house in the
+churchyard was sold for £142 11s. 4d., and the new premises were occupied
+in the autumn of that year.  It was built from the designs of Messrs.
+Bellamy & Hardy, Architects, of Lincoln, the contractor for the work
+being Mr. Robert Carter, Builder, of North Street, Horncastle.  The
+original contract was for £765, but the ultimate cost, with furniture,
+lawyer’s expenses, &c., amounted to £1,026 10s. 11d.  It is subject to a
+ground rent of £1 to the Stanhope estate.
+
+Of late years the support, by subscriptions, has on several occasions
+been inadequate.  In January, 1899, there being a deficit of £70, the
+late Mr. J. Banks Stanhope gave the Governors a cheque for that amount.
+In the year 1905, there being again a serious deficit, application was
+made to the trustees of the Hurstcroft and Snowden charity, and they
+contributed £20 on condition that 25 poor children should receive medical
+treatment free of charge.  A further sum of £53 14s. remaining as a
+surplus, in the hands of the Soup Kitchen Committee, was also given to
+the funds.  Canon Quarrington, formerly Vicar of Horncastle, also
+contributed £20; and other donations made up a relief fund of £106 (see
+Report for the year).  The debt was thus wiped out, but death having
+carried off many former subscribers, increased support will be needed in
+the future.
+
+Legacies have been bequeathed to the institution by various persons, at
+different times, as follows: Dr. Harrison, by will dated Feb. 5th, 1820,
+left £100; the late H. J. Fielding, Esq., who died Aug. 10th, 1879, left
+by will £100; in 1884 the late Mr. T. Garfit bequeathed £100; ten £10
+shares in the railway were bequeathed by Mrs. Fox Marshall in 1897; £100
+was bequeathed by Mr. J. W. Hart, of Tetford, in 1900; Mr. John Bancroft
+left £50 in 1905; £357 were invested in Consols and £200 in railway
+shares, in 1899; a portion of this was sold in 1902, and £300 were
+invested in the Corn Exchange; the Dispensary premises were also insured
+for £800, instead of £600, in the County Fire Office, in 1902.
+
+It will thus be seen that although the operations of the institution no
+longer embrace the extended area of the early years of its existence, it
+is still doing a most valuable work in the alleviation of suffering among
+the poor and needy, in both town and country for many miles round, and is
+thoroughly deserving of the increased support, which is required, to
+continue its efficiency.  We trust that this will be recognized by the
+land owners and others, and that such assistance will be forthcoming.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+THE CANAL.
+
+
+The Horncastle Canal, connecting for commerce the town with the river
+Witham, and so with Lincoln, Boston, and the sea, though now a derelict,
+was formerly of much value.  Its history is here given from its earliest
+inception.
+
+Horncastle having been for some centuries the chief market of an
+important agricultural district, an association was formed towards the
+close of the 18th century, with the title “The Company of Proprietors of
+Horncastle Navigation, in the County of Lincoln.”  This was, in the year
+1792, incorporated by an Act of Parliament, which gave a list of the
+names of the original members, and secured to them, and to their
+successors, perpetual possession of the same, and a common seal.  The
+canal was to be 11 miles long, extending from the junction of the two
+rivers, Bain and Waring, which traverse the town and meet at the point
+where now stands the public swimming bath, to the Witham at Tattershall;
+and passing through the parishes of Thornton, Martin, Dalderby, Roughton,
+Haltham, Kirkby, Coningsby, and Tattershall.
+
+The company had at first a capital of £15,000 in £50 shares, no member
+being allowed to hold less than one share or more than 20.  The surveyors
+for the undertaking were Messrs. Robert Stickney and Samuel Dickinson.
+
+When about two-thirds of the work was completed this capital was
+exhausted; and in the year 1800 a second Act of Parliament was obtained,
+which authorised the raising of a supplementary sum of £20,000 in shares
+of £50; additional members being enrolled, and mortgages raised on the
+tolls.  The whole profits of the concern, for several years, were
+absorbed in paying off the debt thus contracted, so that no dividend
+accrued for the shareholders until the year 1813.  The channel, from
+Horncastle to Dalderby, was an entirely new cut, the rest being the river
+Bain deepened and straightened in its course.  It was adapted for the
+passage of vessels of 50 tons burden; and in the whole length of 11 miles
+there was a fall of 84 feet.
+
+The original rate of charges was 2/- per ton for the whole length of the
+canal, 1/9 to the seventh lock, and 1/3 to the fourth lock; vessels laden
+with lime, manure, or material for roads, were granted free passage.
+{127}  By the second Act of Parliament, in 1800, the charges were raised
+to 3/3 per ton for the whole length of the canal, 2/7 to the seventh
+lock, and 1/6 to the fourth lock; lime, manure, and road material being
+exempted, as before.
+
+                           [Picture: The Canal]
+
+The whole structure was completed in the autumn of 1802, and the canal
+was formally opened on Friday, Sept. 17th of that year.  The occasion was
+observed as a general holiday by the towns-folk.  At one o’clock the
+boats the Betsy of Horncastle, and the Martha of Dalderby, the property
+of Messrs. Gilliat & Wilson, and the British Queen, owned by Mr. Boyers,
+were hauled into the two basins of the canal, elaborately decorated with
+colours, amid the cheers of spectators, who are said to have numbered
+more than 2,000.  The vessels having been brought to, several salutes
+were fired, and a band of music, on the pleasure boat of Mr. Lane, played
+“God save the King,” “Rule Britannia,” “Hearts of Oak,” &c.  Having
+traversed some distance on the canal the company afterwards landed at the
+wharfs on the two branches, and a large number of the shareholders
+partook of a festive repast at the Greyhound Inn, East Street, near the
+south basin.  The navvies and other workmen who had been employed in the
+construction of the canal, were also regaled on the boats, and afterwards
+feasted at the Greyhound.
+
+In following years an excursion was made annually by the Directors,
+conveyed down the canal, in a fine barge, which was their own property,
+named “The Lady Banks,” in order to inspect its condition; and this was
+followed by a public dinner at the Bull Hotel, which continued to be an
+established institution during the period of the canal’s prosperity.
+
+The shares quickly rose considerably in value; a great number of barges
+came to the town, and it was no uncommon occurrence to see the whole
+distance from the South bridge to the Bow bridge packed closely with
+heavily laden vessels, carrying coals, grain, or other merchandise.  In
+1836 it was computed that about 30,000 quarters of wheat, and 3,000 packs
+of wool, passed through the canal annually; and in 1850 the profits of
+the traffic amounted to about £2,000 a year.
+
+Consequent on the opening of the railway in August, 1855, the canal, as a
+means of goods conveyance, gradually became disused, until, of late
+years, it has become worse than a mere derelict, since it forms an
+obstruction to the free passage of the water brought down by the two
+rivers, and after heavy rain it has led to temporary inundations of the
+town, to the great inconvenience of those residing near it, as well as
+interfering, as might in some circumstances be serious, with the sanitary
+arrangements.
+
+A few years ago an attempt was made to restore the canal traffic, but the
+railway monopoly had become too thoroughly established, and the project
+failed; yet the competition, could it have been maintained, might have
+had a salutary effect upon the cost of railway conveyance, to the
+advantage of the general public.
+
+Our canals, it should be remembered, are a time-honoured institution; the
+Lincolnshire Cardyke and Fossdyke date from the period of the Roman
+occupation of this country.  The Magna Charta of the early 13th century
+took cognizance, not only of the roads, called “The King’s Highway,” but
+also of inland navigation, under the term “Haut streames de le Roy.”  The
+latter half of the 18th century was remarkable for great achievements as
+regards internal waterways, notably in the Bridgewater Canal, and the
+Grand Junction Canal of London; and to this period, as we have seen, the
+Horncastle Canal belongs.
+
+In this twentieth century, again, notwithstanding the great railway
+facilities, there is a wide-spread movement in favour of extended water
+traffic, headed by the very successful Suez Canal; with a prospect of the
+sister channel of Panama.  Berlin is said to owe its prosperity largely
+to its well-organized system, connecting the rivers Oder, Elbe, Spree,
+&c., which have an annual traffic of some million and half tons.  Our own
+Manchester Ship Canal is another instance; the most recent case being
+fresh developments of the Aire and Calder Navigation, in South Yorkshire.
+The canals, too, which have been recently constructed in India, are
+yielding, by the latest reports, {128} a handsome revenue to the
+Government, as well as greatly benefiting the native population.
+
+It is acknowledged that a more general use of waterways, throughout the
+kingdom for the cheaper transport of our heavier and more bulky produce,
+would be a national boon; and a Royal Commission was engaged in
+considering the subject of the acquisition of all canals as Government
+property. {129a}
+
+It is now being more and more recognised that, on the establishment of
+railways, everyone jumped too hastily to the conclusion that the days of
+canals were over; whereas, in truth, there is still a large field,
+probably an increasing field, for the cheaper traffic in heavy goods,
+which canals can provide for.  The Belgian town of Bruges, though
+situated several miles inland, is now to be converted into a port by the
+government of that country, through the creation of a canal, which is
+expected to increase the prosperity of that city.  Similarly it is
+suggested that our own town of Nottingham could be made a great inland
+port, if water carriage were provided; and Sir John Turney, before the
+Royal Commission, has recently (July, 1907) stated that the trade of that
+town might thus be greatly increased.  These, be it remembered, are not
+isolated cases.
+
+                         [Picture: On the Canal]
+
+As to our own local interests, we may reasonably regret that, after so
+much money being invested in the Horncastle Canal, and the serious losses
+incurred by so many investors, no further effort should be made to
+utilize it.  The trade of Horncastle is not so satisfactory but that we
+might welcome every adjunct, which could in any way contribute to its
+furtherance; while, even from an æsthetic point of view, it were
+desirable that, with the present dilapidated locks, and the banks in some
+places broken, the channel, which is in parts little more than a shallow
+bed of mud, befouled by garbage and carrion, or choked by a matted growth
+of weeds, should be superceded by a flow of water, pure and emitting no
+pestiferous exhalations.
+
+
+
+THE RAILWAY.
+
+
+In few things has there been more remarkable evolution, or we might even
+say, revolution, than in our methods of locomotion.  In these days of
+historic pageants we might well conceive of a series of scenes passing
+before us, shewing the means adopted at different periods, or under
+different conditions, in this respect.  The war-chariot of Queen
+Boadicea, charging the legions of Cæsar, or (in our own neighbourhood)
+that of the British warrior Raengeires, routing his Saxon foes, at
+Tetford, with their wheels of solid wood and other massive carpentry,
+would form a, then inconceivable, contrast to the future taximeter cab,
+to be evolved in this 20th century.
+
+The lumbering “wain” of the Saxon churl, though still surviving in the
+name of a constellation, befitted only an age little advanced beyond
+barbarism.
+
+The primitive “shout” (Dutch “schuyt”), or “dug-out” boat, hollowed by
+Celtic flint-axe from the bole of a mighty oak, and slowly propelled by
+the almost wild Girvian, through the tangle of fen morass, had but a
+remote connection with the steam packet which, within living memory,
+plied on the neighbouring Witham, between Boston and Lincoln.  Although
+the speed of the latter was so slow, that (as a friend of the writer has
+done) a pedestrian, travelling by road, could reach either of those
+places, from our town of Horncastle, in less time than it took to go by
+carrier’s van to Kirkstead wharf, and thence by the said steamer.
+
+While, again, both these would provoke only a smile of contempt in the
+voyager who now crosses the atlantic, at a rate of 20 knots or more in
+the hour.  Then, again, compare with these the cyclist, who now flashes
+past us with the speed of lightning; or the motorist, who vanishes from
+our sight, almost before the dust he has raised is blown away.
+
+Another humbler mode of progress, again, was a familiar sight in our
+boyhood, when the farmer’s wife jogged contentedly to market, seated on a
+pillion, behind her husband, and carrying her butter, eggs, or chickens,
+in roomy market baskets by her side.  Even the gig, to carry two, of the
+better bucolic class, has now become obsolete, as the train pours out, at
+the station, its living stream of market folk, male and female, within a
+few minutes of leaving their own doors several miles away.
+
+As to our country roads we are, it is true, well supplied with them, but
+a pageant view of the past, such as we have here conceived, would reveal
+to us our British forefathers, toiling, in wearied gangs, under Roman
+task-masters, at the forced labour of road making; by which the town’s
+markets and chartered fairs were to be accessible, from all directions,
+for generations yet unborn.  In our present iron ways, we might well
+suppose that we have attained the highest evolutionary stage in
+expeditious traffic; but who, indeed, shall venture to gainsay, that as a
+sequel to our wireless telegraphy, we may one day eschew the mundane
+altogether, and become a race of aeronauts.
+
+The Great Northern loop line, connecting Boston and Lincoln with
+Peterborough and Grantham, and so with the further north and south, was
+opened in October, 1848.  At that date, except the “Navigation” for heavy
+goods, such as corn, coal, &c., there were only coaches, once a day, for
+public conveyance to Boston, Lincoln, Market Rasen, and Louth.  But
+through the enterprise of Mr. Samuel Sketchley, of Horncastle, Solicitor,
+of the old firm of Selwood and Conington, an Act of Parliament was, not
+without difficulty, obtained, July 10th, 1854, for the construction of a
+branch line, running from Kirkstead to Horncastle; the importance of this
+event being recognised by a joyous peal of the parish church bells being
+rung, and crowds parading the streets, at 10 o’clock at night, at which
+hour the news arrived.  The next day the rejoicings were continued, the
+bells of St. Mary’s Church being again rung, while the tower of the
+church was adorned with a tricolour flag, bearing the inscription “God
+speed the railway,” and crowds again passed through the streets, headed
+by the town band and a large tricolour standard.
+
+The construction of the line was begun in April of the following year,
+1855; the contractors being Messrs. Smith & Knight.  The original capital
+of the company was £48,000, in £10 shares, but the ultimate cost was
+about £60,000.  The G.N.R. Company undertook the working, paying half the
+receipts to the shareholders; and as, for the distance (about 7½ miles),
+the expenditure was, compared with that of many such undertakings, small,
+so, as an investment, the enterprise proved a profitable one, few lines
+yielding so good a return for the outlay; the £10 shares still (in 1907)
+sell at nearly half as much again (£14 17s. 3d., July, 1907).
+
+A brief account may well here be given of the opening ceremony of this
+important event in the town’s history, condensed from the public journals
+of the day.  The line was examined by the Government Inspector, Colonel
+Wynn, and a few days later Mr. Seymour Clarke, the G.N.R. manager, stated
+that it could not be in a more efficient condition.  The opening ceremony
+was fixed for Aug. 12th, 1855.  At an early hour the town was crowded
+with visitors and shops were closed.  At 7 a.m. 2,500 lbs. of beef were
+distributed among the poorer people.  Peals of bells were rung, the
+Horncastle and Spilsby bands added their music of popular airs.  The
+streets and station were profusely decorated, under the direction of Mr.
+Crowder, florist, Mr. John Osborne, parish clerk, Mr. Archbould, head
+gardener to Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. Nelson from Stourton Hall, and a local
+committee.  Flags displayed the arms of the town, those of Sir H. Dymoke,
+Mr. J. Banks Stanhope, the Bishop of Carlisle, then lord of the manor,
+the Rose of England, and the Union Jack.  About noon a procession was
+formed in the Bull Ring, to meet the Directors of the G.N.R., by Mr. F.
+Harwood, master of the ceremonies, in the following order:
+
+
+
+    Navvy bearing bronzed pickaxe and shovel.
+
+                     Banner.
+
+              Navvies, four abreast.
+
+                     Banner.
+
+  Two navvies, bearing silver-gilt wheelbarrow.
+
+                     Banners.
+
+              Horncastle Brass Band.
+
+
+
+Contractor.       Engineer.
+
+Secretary.        Solicitor.
+
+Auditor.          Auditor.
+
+
+
+Banners.       Directors, two abreast.                   Banners.
+
+               Churchwarden, Dr. B. J. Boulton.
+
+               The Vicar, Rev. W. H. Milner.
+
+Banners.       Shareholders and their friends, four      Banners.
+               abreast.
+
+               Spilsby Brass Band.
+
+               Parish Clerk, Mr. J. C. Osborne, in his
+               robes, preceded by his Standard Bearer.
+
+Banner.        Members of the various Clubs, with        Banner.
+               Banners.
+
+Banner.        1,000 School Children, 4 abreast.         Banner.
+
+               The Public.
+
+The procession marched from the Bull Ring to the Railway Station, where
+the elders of the party on the platform, and the children, with their
+banners, ranged on the opposite side, awaited the arrival of the train
+bringing the G.N.R. Directors, and as it drew up the bands played “See
+the Conquering Hero comes.”
+
+The procession, augmented by the directors, then re-formed, and marched
+through the town; in the Bull Ring the National Anthem was sung.  A large
+marquee was erected in the grounds of Mr. R. C Armstrong (now Mrs.
+Howland’s garden), adjoining South Street, in which the contractors,
+Messrs. Smith & Knight, provided for the directors and shareholders, and
+other guests, in all over 200, a splendid dinner, served in excellent
+style, by Messrs. Wilson and Serpell, of the Bull Hotel.  The Honble. Sir
+H. Dymoke presided, as Chairman of the Horncastle and Kirkstead Railway
+Co.; being supported on his right by Mr. Hussey Packe and Mr. C. Chaplin,
+Directors of the G.N.R., Major Amcotts and Sir M. J. Cholmeley, and on
+his left by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., M.P., Director of the Horncastle
+Railway, and Rev. W. H. Milner, Vicar.  Congratulatory speeches were
+made, and the day closed with a fine display of fireworks.
+
+Opened under such favourable auspices, and supplying a felt need, the
+railway has continued to be a success; improvements have been made, from
+time to time, in the stations at Horncastle and Woodhall Spa.  The line
+continues to be a single one, but it is sufficient for the local
+requirements, and the shares, as before mentioned, at the present time
+(1907) find a ready sale at an advance of about 50 per cent. on their
+original price.  We might add that if the railway could be continued to
+Spilsby, and then connected with the different lines running to the
+Skegness, Mablethorpe and other health resorts on the coast, its utility,
+and doubtless its paying value, would be largely increased, as it would
+shorten the distance by many miles.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+WORKHOUSE OR UNION.
+
+
+We now notice the chief of those public institutions, and the buildings
+connected therewith, which have been established in the town, within more
+recent times, for its welfare, or its adornment; in order to bring its
+corporate efficiency into more complete accord with the advanced
+requirements of what may be called modern municipal life.  Among these
+the foremost place, from its general importance, is naturally due to the
+Union, or Workhouse; and here it is necessary to make some preliminary
+remarks.
+
+The workhouse, or union, for a large district is a comparatively recent
+creation.  “The poor” we have had “always with” us, but they have not
+always been dealt with as they now are.  By statute 23 Edward III.
+(1349), it was enacted that “none should give alms to a beggar who was
+able to work.”  By common law the really deserving poor were to be
+assisted “by parsons and parishioners, so that none should die for
+default of sustenance.”  By Act, 15 Richard II. (1392), impropriators
+(_i.e._ laymen holding church property) were bound to contribute a
+certain yearly sum to the poor of the parish, but no compulsory law was
+passed till 27 Henry VIII. (1536).  The present poor law system dates
+from 43 Eliz. (1601); successive amendment acts being passed from 1836 to
+1847, and again in 1861; and a further relief act in 1862.
+
+At first parishes regulated their own methods and amounts of relief.  For
+a long period, indeed, the labouring class were subject to strict legal
+rules, both as to service, and in their individual movements.  It was
+quite an innovation when, in 23 Henry VI. (1445), a servant was permitted
+to change masters after giving due notice; and when moving, or, as it is
+locally called, “flitting,” from one parish to another, for employment,
+he had to produce a certificate of settlement from his last abode.  In
+such matters the overseers were paramount, until their powers were
+transferred to the newly constituted guardians of the poor, by Act of
+Parliament, in 1839. {133}
+
+The “workhouse” preceded the “union,” which latter term was adopted when
+parishes, throughout a large district, were _united_ for the purposes of
+poor relief. {134a}  In some cases a country parish had its own
+workhouse.  For instance, old parish books of Thimbleby, {134b} show that
+in 1819 £20 was spent upon the village workhouse, which was insured for
+£200.
+
+Among some old churchwardens’ records, in the possession of Mr. John
+Overton, of Horncastle (members of whose family have frequently held that
+office), it is mentioned that early in the 18th century a “public oven”
+was erected in the town to enable the poor to cook their meals, or to
+bake the “black bread,” then in common use, {134c} more conveniently than
+they could at home. {134d}  At a later date (1780) a spinning school was
+established by public rate, to help the poor to earn a livelihood by a
+home industry. {134e}
+
+An important advance was made in poor relief, in 1735, when, as the same
+records state, “on April 17 a committee was appointed, {134f} in
+Horncastle, to build a workhouse,” and on May 7th in the following year a
+brief note gives the cost of the building as being £175 13s. 4d.  This
+was situated on the east side of St. Mary’s Square, separated by a few
+yards from the Grammar School, the site being now (1908) occupied by a
+common lodging house.  It continued to be the public workhouse for over
+100 years; and that the poor, who needed relief, were generally expected
+to enter as inmates, is shewn by another brief note, in the same records,
+to the following effect: “May 2nd, 1781.  Out payments discontinued,
+except in sickness.”
+
+It was not till 1838 that the present workhouse, in Foundry Street, was
+built, from the designs of Mr.—afterwards Sir—Gilbert Scott, being one of
+his earliest undertakings {134g}  It is a commodious structure, capable
+of accommodating 260 inmates; and, with grounds attached, covers an area
+of between four and five acres.  It is now known as “The Union,” and the
+union district embraces 69 parishes, represented by 76 guardians, to
+whom, as already stated, the former duties of the overseers were
+transferred in 1839.
+
+The Rev. Canon A. E. Moore is the present Chaplain.
+
+
+
+THE COURT HOUSE.
+
+
+The majesty of the law has not always been so worthily domiciled in
+Horncastle as during the last forty years.  In Stukeley’s map of the
+town, dated 1722, the Sessions House is placed at the south-east corner
+of the “Mercat Place,” where there now (1908) stands a small refreshment
+house.  The cells for prisoners probably formed the basement of this
+building, as there is no known record of their being confined elsewhere,
+until the year 1821, when what was called the “Round House” was built, at
+the north-east corner of the Market Place, opposite the present Lord
+Nelson Inn.  This was a small circular building, having two cells, with a
+colonnade running round it, which formed a shelter for market women
+selling butter, eggs, &c.  The foundations of this structure were so
+shallow that it is on record that a prisoner, in the course of one night,
+scratched a passage under the wall and effected his escape. {135}  This
+prison was demolished in 1853, when the present police station was built,
+facing the Wong, at a cost of £500, having four cells, for 12 prisoners,
+and a residence for a superintendent and constable.
+
+                        [Picture: The Court House]
+
+Some years later fresh premises were rented for the magistrates, on the
+south side of the High Street, adjoining the George Hotel, now extinct,
+though then a leading establishment.  That site is now occupied by the
+Lincoln and Lindsey Bank.
+
+In 1843 the magistrates’ office was transferred to what is now 19, Bull
+Ring, part of the shop of Messrs. Robinson, Drapers.  All these premises
+proving inadequate for their purpose, the present Court House was built
+in 1865, on the site of the former parish stocks, the site, a slight
+rising ground, being called “Stocks’ Hill,” at a cost of £3,000.  The
+architect was Mr. C. Reeves, of London, the builder Mr. Huddleston, of
+Lincoln.  The furniture was supplied by Messrs. Pike & Wright, of
+Horncastle; gas fittings by Mr. Murrell, of Chelsea.
+
+In this handsome building, of white brick, there is accommodation for
+many branches of public, local and county business.  As a possession the
+Court House is the property of the Board of Works, in London, the county
+authorities paying to them a rent of £10, for the use of it by the
+magistrates.
+
+
+
+THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL.
+
+
+This handsome structure was erected under the following circumstances.
+The Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, who had represented the Horncastle
+Division in Parliament, with much distinction, from the year 1874, died
+rather suddenly, as the result of hard work, in his official capacity, on
+Dec. 22, 1893, to the great grief of the entire constituency; when it was
+universally felt that his services merited some public recognition.
+Various meetings were held, and at length, on Jan. 22nd, 1897, at a
+gathering in the Masonic Hall, a committee was appointed to carry out the
+scheme.  The design of the Memorial was intrusted to the architect, Mr.
+E. H. Lingen Barker, of Hereford, Messrs. Walter & Hensman, of
+Horncastle, being the contractors for the work.
+
+The ceremony of inauguration was performed by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.,
+formerly M.P. for the Division, on Feb. 2nd, 1899, in the presence of the
+Earl and Countess Stanhope, and other distinguished persons on the
+platform, and a vast crowd from the neighbourhood filling the entire
+Market Place.  This was followed by a public luncheon in the Corn
+Exchange.
+
+The site chosen was the centre of the Market Place, as that, along with
+the market dues, had been made over to the town as a free gift, by the
+Right Honble. gentleman, as Lord of the Manor.  The following is the
+official description of the monument, as published at the time of its
+erection.  The structure is 31-ft. 6-in. in height.  It stands on a
+massive foundation of concrete; with three tiers of Yorkshire stone
+steps, each 15-in. wide, running round the base leading up to the
+monument proper, their shape being octagonal.  With the exception of two
+strings of Dumfries’ red stone, the lower part is of Monk’s Park stone.
+Above this is a moulded string course, and on each face are shafts of
+Aberdeen red granite, with moulded caps and bases.  The panels are filled
+with diaper work; and in each alternate panel are arms of the Stanhope
+family, and the arms of the town, with an inscription to the memory of
+the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, and a medallion, with bust, in relief, of
+the same.  These panels are surmounted by moulded and carved cinquefoil
+panels, surmounted by carved finials.  Above these, again, are eight
+columns of polished granite, supporting the superstructure, and these
+also have eight trefoil dormers, simpler than those below, each finished
+with a finial of gun metal.  Above these are eight gun metal columns,
+having trefoiled heads, with foliated finials and moulded cornice; and on
+these rests the spirette, constructed of oak and covered with lead, with
+eight other dormers, which complete the whole.  The total cost was £552
+12s. 3d., raised by subscriptions, a small balance being handed over to
+the public Dispensary.
+
+
+
+THE CLERICAL CLUB.
+
+
+The Clerical Club was founded in 1822; a room was rented on the premises
+of Mr. James Babington, Bookseller, in the High Street (now occupied by
+Mr. J. S. Balding, Butcher), where the members met for discussion, and
+gradually established a good library.
+
+                     [Picture: The Stanhope Memorial]
+
+The first members enrolled were the Rev. the Hon. the King’s Champion,
+John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby; the Revs. J. B. Smith, Head Master of
+the Grammar School; C. N. L’Oste, Rector of Claxby; Francis Rockliffe,
+Rector of Fulletby; Robert Spranger, D.D., Rector of Low Toynton (and of
+Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, London); John Mounsey, Rector of
+Gautby; Thomas Roe, Rector of Kirkby-on-Bain; E. Brackenbury, Rector of
+Aswardby; W. Dodson, Rector of Well; F. Swan, Rector of Sausthorpe; and
+others holding benefices scattered over a wide area, but several of them
+living in Horncastle.
+
+The Club was formally opened in the following year, when several more
+members were added; the Honble. John Dymoke being elected President, Dr.
+Clement Madeley, Vicar of Horncastle, Vice-President, with Dr. J. B.
+Smith as Secretary, in which capacity he did valuable service, in
+increasing the membership and adding to the efficiency of the
+institution, which flourished for many years.
+
+In later times, especially on the lamented death of Dr. Smith, and the
+creation of circulating libraries, such as that of Messrs. Mudie, in
+London, the numbers of subscribers fell off considerably.  The books were
+transferred to various quarters; at first to the house of the late Mr.
+John Osborne, parish clerk, himself no mean scholar and student,
+afterwards to the residence of the head master of the Grammar School,
+where they remained for some years, under successive masters, still
+available for members of the club.
+
+On June 8th, 1892, Canon Quarrington, Vicar of Horncastle, Revs. J. C.
+Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, and J. Conway Walter, Rector of Langton, were
+appointed a sub-committee, with instructions to find a permanent club
+room, or to give the books to the Lincoln Diocesan Library.  In September
+of that year Dr. Madge, Head Master, offered to keep the books, to act as
+Librarian, and admit members to them two or three days a week in his
+house.
+
+In January, 1893, the present writer was commissioned with Dr. Madge, to
+examine the books, when there was found to be 799 in good condition, 69
+missing.  The Secretary of the Lincoln Diocesan Library was communicated
+with, and at a meeting of the committee of that library, held on Feb. 24,
+1893, the offer of the books was accepted, and they were in due course
+transferred to that institution.
+
+On May 17th, 1894, the Rev. J. Conway Walter, with three others, was
+commissioned to obtain a supply of books from a circulating library at
+Lincoln.  Eventually Mudie’s library was established at the shop of Mr.
+H. Willson, Bookseller, Horncastle; Mr. W. K. Morton opened a
+subscription library, and Messrs. W. H. Smith opened a book stall at the
+station.  These three still continue: the original Clerical Club books
+being still available, with others, at the library in the Chapter House
+of Lincoln Cathedral.
+
+There was at one time a _Literary Society_ in Horncastle, which used to
+meet at the Bull Hotel, in a small room, now the bar, beneath the large
+ball room, on a level with the street.  Among the most active members of
+this was John Brown, the late, so-called, Horncastle “Poet Laureate,”
+whose poems were published in 1890, by the Rev. J. Conway Walter, in a
+volume entitled _Literæ Laureatæ_, dedicated to Lord Tennyson.  Another
+prominent member was the late Mr. Thomas Baker, who was an amateur actor
+and clever ventriloquist, as well as a great cricketer.  In his early
+years he was engaged by the father of Sir Evelyn Wood to teach the
+village boys cricket in Essex.  His bowling was of the old roundhand
+style; in which he bowled to Fuller Pilch, the greatest batsman of his
+day; and also to Dr. W. G. Grace, now of the Crystal Palace; and, many
+years ago, in a match against a crack 11, including three University
+players and one professional, he bowled them all out for 11 runs.  He
+also bowled out the captain of the All England Eleven with his first
+ball.  He died Feb. 12th, 1903, aged 88.
+
+
+
+THE MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE.
+
+
+Mechanics’ Institutes were first established in the earlier half of the
+19th century.  The first known was that founded in London by the famous
+Dr. Birkbeck in 1823; another being opened in the same year in Glasgow;
+after which they became general.  As Horncastle was in advance of other
+towns in the county in its valuable Dispensary (see p. 119), so it would
+seem to have preceded other towns, with the exception of Lincoln, in
+catering for the growing taste for literature.  The Mechanics’ Institute
+was founded in the year 1834.  It was first located in Union Street, now
+called Queen Street, and soon received the support of all classes.  The
+building, which consisted of one large room, was situated on the west
+side of the street, on the site where now stands the private residence,
+No. 18.
+
+Soon after the erection of the Corn Exchange, in 1856, the Mechanics’
+Institute was transferred to that building; two upper rooms being
+occupied, as library and reading room; the former premises in Queen
+Street being sold to the late Mr. Joseph Parish, who used them for sales,
+public meetings, dances, and so forth, until in 1866 he erected on the
+site a private residence for himself.
+
+After some years the introduction of the above named branch of the
+popular London Library of Messrs. Mudie & Co., at the shop of Mr. Hugh
+Willson, Bookseller, in the Bull Ring, followed by the subscription
+library of Mr. W. K. Morton, in the High Street, and that of Messrs. W.
+H. Smith & Sons, at the Railway Station, reduced the numbers of the
+subscribers to “The Mechanics,” and it was removed to smaller premises in
+Bank Street; and eventually this same cause led to the Institute being
+closed.  On January 14th, 1886, a meeting was held in the library to
+determine its future, the result being that the Secretary, Mr. W. Betts,
+and the members of the committee resigned, Jan. 21st, and the books, &c.,
+were removed to a small chamber at the Gas House, in Foundry Street,
+another small room there being used as a temporary reading room.  These
+were closed about the year 1894, the books remaining stowed away.  About
+the year 1899 an effort was made by the late W. Brown, of the Capital and
+Counties’ Bank, to get the books transferred to the Technical School in
+Queen Street, of the committee of which he was chairman; with the object
+that they might be once more rendered available for public use; but this
+project fell through.
+
+In 1905 the library was finally broken up by the late Mr. Joseph Willson,
+the last survivor of the Managing Committee, who sold the less valuable
+among the books by auction in Lincoln, the rest being divided between the
+permanent subscription library of Mr. W. K. Morton, Bookseller, High
+Street, and that of the Grammar School.
+
+It is much to be regretted that a valuable collection of books thus
+ceased to be public property.  A catalogue of the library, published by
+Mr. W. Johnson, Bookseller, High Street, in 1865, shows that the number
+of volumes was at that date 1,468, with annual additions; while in 1879 a
+bequest was made by the late Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House,
+South Street, of about 230 volumes of standard works, bringing the total
+up to about 1,750 volumes.  (Classified List, published by W. K. Morton,
+1879.)
+
+The first librarian was Mrs. Wood, assisted by her daughter (afterwards
+Mrs. Panton).  She was succeeded by Miss South, who was followed by Miss
+Stephenson, and she was succeeded by Mrs. W. Johnson.
+
+The late Mr. Henry Nicholson acted as secretary, and for several years
+took a great interest in all that concerned the Institute, until his
+prolonged serious illness, which ended fatally in June, 1900.  Mr. C.
+Hensman was treasurer while the library was at the Corn Exchange,
+resigning when it was removed to Banks Street.  During the same period
+the late Mr. Berridge, Master of the Union, acted as Secretary, and was
+succeeded by Mr. W. Betts, of the Dispensary, who only held that post two
+years, before the Institute was closed.
+
+There were in the library, besides the books, a quantity of weapons of
+war from the South Sea Islands, some cases of objects of natural history;
+valuable sepia paintings by the late Rev. C. P. Terrot, of Wispington, an
+almost unrivalled artist in his own line; and several fine Roman vases
+exhumed in the town; all these were disposed of by Mr. Joseph Willson,
+only surviving trustee, now deceased.
+
+
+
+THE CORN EXCHANGE.
+
+
+The Corn Exchange is a spacious and lofty building of brick, with stone
+facings, capable of holding 500 persons, situated on the south side of
+the High Street, and standing on what was formerly the eastern wall of
+the old Roman castle; a well of pure water, still in use, under the
+adjoining house, having been just within the wall of that fortress.  It
+was opened on July 5th, 1856.  From the terms of the original deed of
+settlement of the company we may give the following items.
+
+The Indenture, dated July 18th, 1855, was registered the 31st of the same
+month; the agreement being, on the first part, between Thomas Armstrong,
+Merchant; Henry Turner, Land Agent; George Wright, Merchant; Henry
+Nicholson, Draper; William Preston Carlton, Chemist; and others, all of
+Horncastle; with certain residents in the neighbourhood on the second
+part; and Frederick W. Tweed, of Horncastle, Gentleman, as trustee to
+give effect to the covenant, on the third part.  The said parties agree
+to form themselves a Joint Stock Company, within the meaning of the Act 7
+and 8 Victoria, c. 110, to provide a building for the purposes, according
+to these presents, viz., a Corn Exchange, which can also be used for
+concerts, exhibitions, and other public objects, on such terms as the
+committee may think fit.
+
+The capital of the company to be £3,000, in 600 shares of £5 each; annual
+meetings of shareholders to be held on May 2nd; any five, or more, owning
+25 shares, may require the directors to convene an extraordinary meeting.
+The capital may be increased by additional shares of £5, not exceeding
+300; money may be borrowed on mortgage, not exceeding at any one time
+£1,500. {140}  One-third of the original directors to retire in May,
+1856, being eligible for re-election.  In May, 1857, one-half of the
+remaining original directors to retire; and similarly in succeeding years
+one-third to retire in rotation, according to seniority.  Any director to
+forfeit office on ceasing to hold five shares; anyone intending to apply
+for directorate, to give at least 10 days’ notice.  Directors to meet at
+least once every three months; any two directors may require the
+secretary to convene a meeting, at any time, for any desirable special
+object.
+
+The Court of Directors to apply to the Privy Council (Board of Trade) for
+permission to purchase, or rent, land or buildings, as may seem to be
+needed; or to let, or lease, buildings, offices, &c., as they may think
+fit; or to make mortgages, conveyances, &c., for the purposes of the
+company.  A reserve fund (by clause 67) to be established, by setting
+apart one per cent of the profits in any year; the accumulation to be
+employed for the benefit of the company, as may seem to them desirable.
+Shares to be sold (by clause 68) for the benefit of the company, by a
+vote of a majority at a general meeting.  No sum beyond £400, at any one
+time, to be negotiated by promissory note or bill of exchange.
+
+        [Picture: Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900]
+
+That a report be presented, and dividend declared, at an annual meeting,
+on March 25th, with seven days’ notice to each shareholder.  A common
+seal to be kept in a place of safety, and affixed to all legal documents,
+by the secretary, in the presence of three directors.  Henry Nicholson,
+Draper, to be the first auditor, paid as committee of directors decide.
+Samuel Sketchley to be the first solicitor; and the Lincoln and Lindsey
+Bank the company’s bank.  Thomas Armstrong, Timothy Collinson, and Robert
+Edwin Kemp to be the first trustees of the company.
+
+The books may be inspected by any shareholder, between 10 a.m. and 4
+p.m., in the presence of the secretary, or other person nominated in
+accordance with Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110.  By clause 89 it was
+provided that, in case of the company being wound up, the chairman should
+declare the company to be dissolved with all convenient speed; all
+property to be sold, and converted into ready money, to meet all claims;
+a final distribution of assets to be made; no sale by private contract to
+any shareholder being allowed.  This deed was signed, sealed, and
+delivered by the said F. W. Tweed, and witnessed by J. S. Cropper,
+Horncastle, July 18th, 1855.
+
+On Nov. 6th, 1889, a meeting was held to consider whether the company
+should be wound up; but it was decided to continue it, and of late years
+the financial position of the company has improved; the report for 1906
+shews total receipts for the past year, £145 13s. 1d.; expenditure £87
+2s. 10d.; leaving balance £58 10s. 3d.; allowing a dividend of £1 10s.
+per cent., the sum of £6 0s. 3d. being still in hand.  Offices on the
+same premises are rented by Mr. Reuben Roberts, Corn Merchant.
+
+
+
+THE WHELPTON ALMSHOUSES.
+
+
+The Whelpton Almshouses are situated in Queen Street, on its east side,
+being six small residences, for the reception of deserving poor persons,
+natives of the town.  They were established in the year 1861, under the
+following circumstances.
+
+The late Mr. Geo. Whelpton was a shoemaker, occupying a small shop, one
+of several then standing in the Market Place, on or near the site of the
+present Stanhope Memorial; {142a} the whole of these being cleared away
+when the late Honble. Edward Stanhope presented that piece of ground to
+the town, for the enlargement of the Market Place.  He resided in a small
+house in Stonewell Row, but afterwards removed into better premises in
+Queen Street.  While living in Stonewell Row he purchased some furniture
+cheap, at an auction, and in a drawer of one of the articles purchased he
+found a recipe, said to have been written by a Boston doctor, for the
+medicine eventually to become known universally as “Whelpton’s Pills” (a
+powerful stomachic, for kidney diseases, &c.), and from the sale of which
+he and other members of his family realised large fortunes. {142b}  His
+wife had been for some time in a bad state of health, and after she had
+consulted various doctors without deriving any benefit from their
+treatment, he decided to try for her the prescription which had thus
+accidentally come into his possession.  The result was so satisfactory
+that other sufferers applied to him for the pills, which for a time he
+freely gave to his neighbours; ultimately, however, these applications
+became so numerous that he was obliged to make a charge.
+
+As he began to realise a considerable income from this source, he gave up
+the shoemaking business, and left Horncastle; his first move being to
+Derby, {142c} where he occupied a residence known as “St. Anne’s House,”
+afterwards moving to London, where he, at first, lived in Crane Court,
+Fleet Street, which still continues to be the depot of the pill business.
+He subsequently moved to a better part of the metropolis, taking up his
+residence at 1, Albert Road, Regent’s Park, where he remained for several
+years, until he finally settled in Warrior Square, Hastings.
+
+While residing in London his wife {143a} had another illness, from which
+she eventually died, in 1859; and feeling her loss very acutely he
+decided, after a time, to erect the almshouses to her memory. {143b}
+
+          [Picture: West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900]
+
+Among the documents preserved in connection with this charity, is the
+original letter of George Whelpton, dated March 18, 1861, giving
+instructions that the building of the almshouses should be immediately
+taken in hand.  The Indenture itself is dated March 21st, 1861, and among
+its terms are the following: “This agreement is between Richard
+Clitherow, of Horncastle, Gentleman, surviving trustee and executor of
+the will of Samuel Curtis Lomas, late of Blencogo, Co. Cumberland,
+Surgeon, of the first part; George Whelpton, of No. 1, Albert Road,
+Regent’s Park, Middlesex, of the second part; and William Thompson
+Whelpton, of No. 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regent’s Park, Middlesex,
+Gent., and Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, of Upton Park, Slough, Bucks., on
+the third part.”  In accordance with this agreement certain lands
+comprising, with others, the future site of the almshouses, situated on
+the east side of what was then called Union Street, the property of the
+said Samuel Curtis Lomas, were acquired through the said Mr. Richard
+Clitherow, for Mr. G. Whelpton, for the purposes of the charity, with the
+above relatives as co-trustees.  The sum of £1,000 was also conveyed as
+endowment of the charity, to the trustees.
+
+It was provided by the agreement that the inmates of the houses should be
+selected from persons who were fit and deserving subjects of the charity,
+indigent, but of good character, not recipients of parish relief, and not
+under 45 years of age; and that any, becoming guilty of immorality,
+should forfeit their privileges.  The power of selection of inmates was
+vested in the trustees, assisted by the vicar and churchwardens of the
+parish; a clause being added, that, in case of the trustees being
+incompetent, by reason of infancy or idiocy, the vicar and churchwardens
+should select.  The weekly allowance to the inmates was to be 3s. 6d.
+
+The agreement to this effect was signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
+said George Whelpton, in the presence of Richard Clitherow, Solicitor,
+and Charles Dee, Solicitor, both of Horncastle.  It was further signed by
+George Whelpton and William Thompson Whelpton, in the presence of Robert
+Cunliffe, Solicitor, of 43, Chancery Lane, London; and by Henry Robert
+Whelpton, in the presence of John Adams Cree, Clerk in Holy Orders, of
+Upton Park, Slough, Bucks.  Appended is a receipt, signed by Richard
+Clitherow, and witnessed by Charles Dee, shewing that, at the date of the
+Indenture, the sum of £101 5s. was paid by George Whelpton for the
+purchase of the site of the almshouses.
+
+This agreement was examined on Feb. 7th, 1888, in the Court of Justice,
+London, before Mr. Justice Chitty, on an enquiry being made as to the
+estate of William Thompson Whelpton, deceased, at the instance of the
+Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, and Stephen Whelpton; when the Court declared
+that the direction in the will of the testator, as to the endowment of
+the charity, was a “valid charitable bequest of £1,000,” and the money
+“invested in three per cents.  Consols, for the following purposes”: (1)
+for the repair of the alms-houses; (2) to pay each occupant 3s. 6d. per
+week; (3) in case of there being any surplus, to pay them so much more as
+the trustees should think fit.  A clause was added, empowering the
+Charity Commissioners, from time to time, to order any part of the income
+to be applied to special purposes, as they might think desirable.
+
+We may add that while residing at Hastings, Mr. George Whelpton secured
+two acres of land, at Eastbourne, from the Duke of Devonshire, the owner
+of the whole town, as he is also of Buxton; and at a cost of about
+£20,000, erected and endowed the church and vicarage of St. Saviour’s,
+which was held by his youngest son, Henry Robert, who graduated at St.
+John’s College, Cambridge, and was afterwards made Canon of Chichester.
+This benefice is private property, and is now held by his son, Henry
+Urling Whelpton, of Pembroke College, Cambridge.
+
+The head of the Whelpton family may now be considered to be the Rev.
+George Whelpton, at one time residing in France, but now of Trinity
+House, Abington, Berks.  The original George Whelpton died in 1903.
+
+For these details the present writer is indebted to several members of
+the Whelpton family, with some of whom he was a fellow pupil at the
+Horncastle Grammar School.
+
+
+
+THE DRILL HALL.
+
+
+The present building is not the first structure erected in connection
+with the Volunteers, any more than the present Volunteers themselves are
+the first institution of the kind formed in Horncastle.  In the early
+years of the 19th century, when there was a general feeling abroad that
+one great project, nurtured in the ambitious mind of the first Napoleon,
+was an invasion of England, volunteers were organized throughout the
+country, with a view to self-defence.  As an instance of this, in the
+town of Pontefract a corps was formed, of which the Earl of Mexborough
+was Colonel Commandant, and George Pyemont, Esq., of Tanshelf House,
+Pontefract (grandfather of the present writer), was Major; {145} the
+records of which are preserved, among other public documents, in
+Pontefract Castle.
+
+        [Picture: Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900]
+
+Similarly, a corps was raised in Horncastle at the same period, of which
+we have somewhat curious evidence in the following.  There exists a small
+pamphlet, which the writer has recently (July, 1908) perused, entitled
+“An address delivered to the Horncastle Volunteers, on Feb. 26, 1804, by
+their chaplain, in consequence of the resignation of some of the members.
+Published by desire of the corps.  Printed by James Weir, Horncastle,
+1804.”  In this address he expresses his great regret that so many
+volunteers are resigning “after putting the country to the expense of
+supplying them with clothing and arms, having also pledged themselves to
+the country’s defence, and received in return exemption from militia
+service,” this too at a time when (as he says) “we are in danger of being
+reduced to a French province.”  “No resignations (he continues) have
+taken place in London, in Boston, or in Spilsby.”  He reminds them that
+they (the Horncastrians) had been “among the first in the county to offer
+their services,” and he urges them still to “maintain their character”
+for loyalty.
+
+In consequence of this appeal a public meeting was called together, at
+which was formed a “Court of Enquiry,” consisting of “9 members, 3
+elected from the officers of the corps, and 6 from the non-commissioned
+officers and privates, to whom all proposals of resignation should be
+submitted.”  In subsequent pages regulations are added as to keeping
+their weapons in proper condition, orders as to loading their guns, &c.,
+which are described as “firelocks” with “flints.”  This we may regard as
+an interesting item of past local history, evidencing the spirit in which
+the first Horncastle Volunteers were formed.
+
+The modern volunteer movement originated in the year 1859, under somewhat
+similar circumstances to the earlier movement.  Notwithstanding our
+ultimate victory in the Crimean war, it was felt that our blunders had
+been most serious, and our military organization far from complete.  War,
+as a science, was assuming new forms; steam was giving to navigation an
+independence of wind and tide, which might lead to invasion unawares.
+The state of our defences was considered most unsatisfactory.  France was
+our ally, but the Emperor Napoleon III. only ruled by popular suffrage,
+and the memories of Waterloo still affected the sentiments of his people
+towards England.  The facility with which England might be invaded was a
+subject of discussion in parliament in the course of the session of that
+year.  Lord Palmerston held the view that France could, within a few
+hours, bring together an army, which could land on our shores and march
+upon London, before we were awake to the danger.  It was our duty to be
+ready for defence against any such surprise, and it was said that “our
+friend” Napoleon would himself welcome such preparedness on our part, as
+giving him the best arguments with his own subjects against any such
+enterprise.
+
+Strengthened by such reasoning, the Earl of Ripon, Under Secretary for
+War, announced that volunteer corps would be enrolled throughout the
+country.  The government plans were published on the first of July, were
+warmly accepted by all parties, and a circular was issued, dated July
+13th, to all the Lieutenants of counties, urging immediate action; and
+forthwith the “nation of shopkeepers” were, as by magic, transformed into
+an armed camp.  So rapid was the progress that by June of the following
+year the cry was “Ready, aye! ready;” and on the 23rd of that month the
+Queen held a review in Hyde Park, at which some 20,000 volunteers passed
+before her.  We are told, as a curious incident, that at that review
+there was present as a newly enrolled private, a Mr. Tower, of Wealdhall,
+Essex, who had also been present, as a private, at a review held under
+the former system in 1803. {146}
+
+The loyal town of Horncastle was not behindhand; a public meeting was
+held in the Bull Hotel, on Aug. 10th, 1859, for the purpose of organizing
+a Rifle Corps, for the district, at which the Deputy Lieutenant attended.
+Among those present were Major Smart, of Tumby, J. Wadham Floyer, of
+Martin Hall, H. F. Conington, Clarence House, Horncastle, Dr. B. J.
+Boulton, Dr. W. Ward, Messrs. W. S. Clitherow, R. C. Armstrong, E.
+Babington, F. Gilliat, F. W. Tweed, J. R. Banks, and most of the chief
+tradesmen and residents in town and neighbourhood.
+
+                          [Picture: The Stanch]
+
+The Muster Roll, which is still preserved, of the corps then formed, and
+designated the “G Company of the 1st Battalion of the Lincolnshire
+Regiment of Volunteers,” has at its head the name of Henry Francis
+Conington, as Captain, March 9th, 1860, with Richard W. Clitherow and
+Robert Jalland, as officers under him, at the same date; then follows a
+long list of non-commissioned officers and privates, numbering, in the
+course of a few years, more than 2,000 names.  Captain Conington,
+promoted Major in 1870, was succeeded in due course, on his going abroad,
+by Captain, afterwards Major, Robert Clifton Armstrong, who had begun
+service as Sergeant, and then Lieutenant; having under him, as
+Lieutenants, Messrs. W. Jeffery and W. S. Clitherow, who were succeeded
+by Richard W. Clitherow and Robert C. Isle; with Dr. Hugh George as
+surgeon.
+
+Mr. Arthur Ellwood, of Mareham-le-Fen, who had joined the corps in 1865,
+succeeded to the command in 1891, with Dr. Keogh, of Coningsby, and F. S.
+Dymoke, Esq., as Lieutenants, Dr. Hugh George still acting as Surgeon;
+Ellwood was promoted as Captain in 1891, succeeded to the Colonelcy of
+the head-quarters staff in 1894, and is now Hon. Colonel of the
+Battalion, entitled to wear the regimental uniform.
+
+In 1894 Mr. H. Tweed succeeded to the command as Captain, with Messrs. T.
+Levett and Granville Sharpe acting as Lieutenants (Mr. F. W. S. Heywood,
+of Holbeach Hall, being temporarily attached).  In 1899 Granville Sharpe
+succeeded to the command, but his health failing, he resigned after a
+year’s service.  He was succeeded in 1900 by Dr. J. W. Jessop as Captain,
+who had joined in 1895, and was in 1906 promoted Major of the Battalion;
+A. A. Ellwood becoming Lieutenant.  Dr. Herbert A. Howes, who had joined
+in 1900, succeeded in 1906 to the command, which he still holds, 1908.
+
+Senior officers in command of the Battalion have been Col. Amcotts
+(deceased), Col. Seddon (deceased), Col. Preston (deceased), Col. J. G.
+Williams of Lincoln, and at present Col. J. Ruston of Lincoln.  Clergy
+who have served as Chaplains have been Revs. S. Lodge; C. Reginald
+Blathwayt, Vicar of West Ashby; A. Scrivenor, Vicar of Horncastle; H.
+Benwell; and at the present time (1908) Paul O. Ashby, Incumbent of
+Revesby.
+
+Among those who have done good service in the corps, we should mention
+the first Drill Sergeant Beeton, who had previously served in the 22nd
+Regiment of the Line (the Old Cheshire), and afterwards in the South
+Lincolnshire Militia, as Colour Sergeant.  He drilled the corps during
+about 20 years; dying in Horncastle, after about 40 years service.  He
+was followed by Sergt. Major Bartlett; then by Sergeant Doggett, who had
+been Colour Sergeant in the 1st Royal Sussex, and previously to that in
+the 2nd Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment (the old 98th).  He
+still resides in Horncastle.  In later years the post has been held by
+Sergeants Towne, Ashley and Bamber.
+
+As to the buildings connected with the volunteers, their history is
+briefly this: In the early years of the corps’ existence drill was
+carried on in the Corn Exchange.  After a time the building adjoining the
+north-east corner of the Wong, which had been a British School, was
+secured; and this, after structural renovation, was used for several
+years as the head-quarters.  It is now in the occupation of Messrs. Danby
+and Cheseldine, Coach Builders; as in 1901 a new site was obtained at the
+south-east corner of the Wong, and here on the 13th day of June in that
+year the foundation stone of the present Drill Hall was laid, with much
+ceremony, by the Earl of Yarborough, supported by other public
+functionaries.  We here give, in full, the official programme of the
+proceedings, which may be worthy of preservation, in memory of this
+important occasion.
+
+                       PROGRAMME OF THE CEREMONIAL
+                            TO BE OBSERVED IN
+                       LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE
+                                  OF THE
+             NEW VOLUNTEER DRILL HALL, THE WONG, HORNCASTLE,
+                 On Thursday, the 13th day of June, 1901.
+
+                      THE STONE WILL BE LAID BY THE
+      RIGHT WORSHIPFUL THE PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER OF LINCOLNSHIRE,
+            THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF YARBOROUGH, P.C., D.L.,
+       Past Grand Warden of England, R.W. Provincial Grand Master;
+                             ASSISTED BY THE
+ WORSHIPFUL THE DEPUTY PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER, BRO. W. H. SISSONS, D.L.,
+                                  J.P.,
+               And Officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge.
+
+                               CEREMONIAL.
+
+   The Members of the Provincial Grand Lodge and Visiting Brethren will
+                             assemble at the
+             Wesleyan Schoolroom, Horncastle, at 12 o’clock.
+
+ A Procession will be formed at 12–15 precisely, in the following order:
+                      Two Tylers, with drawn Swords.
+                            Visiting Brethren.
+  The Lodges of the Province, according to their numbers, Juniors going
+                                  first.
+ The W. Masters of the Olive Union and Shakspeare Lodges, with Trowel and
+                                  Gavel.
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward.    Cornucopiæ with Corn    Prov. Grand Steward.
+                              and Salt,
+                         borne by Masters of
+                                Lodges
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward.    Ewers with Wine and     Prov. Grand Steward.
+                                 Oil,
+                         borne by Masters of
+                               Lodges.
+
+                        Past Provincial Grand
+                              Officers.
+
+ The Provincial Grand Superintendent of Works, with the Plate bearing the
+                  inscription for the Foundation Stone.
+                        Provincial Grand Officer.
+                  Provincial Grand Deacons, with Wands.
+   Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer, with Phial containing Coins to be
+                         deposited in the Stone.
+     The Corinthian Light, borne by the Master of the Franklin Lodge.
+ The Column of the Junior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the Master of
+                            the Witham Lodge.
+           The Junior Provincial Grand Warden, with Plumb Rule.
+         The Doric Light, borne by the Master of the Doric Lodge.
+ The Column of the Senior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the Master of
+                         the Pelham Pillar Lodge.
+The Senior Provincial Grand Warden, with the Level.  The Provincial Grand
+             Chaplains, bearing the Volume of the Sacred Law.
+       The Provincial Grand Secretary, with Book of Constitutions.
+  The Provincial Grand Standard Bearers, with Banner of Provincial Grand
+                                  Lodge.
+                      Provincial Grand Sword Bearer.
+           The W. Deputy Provincial Grand Master, with Square.
+      The Ionic Light, borne by the Master of the Yarborough Lodge.
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward     The R.W.  Provincial    Prov. Grand Steward.
+                            Grand Master.
+
+                   Provincial Grand Tyler, with Sword.
+
+On arrival at the site, the Brethren will divide right and left, allowing
+   the R.W P.G.M. preceded by the Sword Bearers followed by the Acting
+  Officers, to pass to their positions, and the brethren will then file
+                        round the Acting Officers.
+ The W.M. of the Olive Union Lodge will then request the Provincial Grand
+                   Master to lay the Foundation Stone.
+   The Deputy Provincial Grand Master will deliver the Ancient Opening
+                                 Address.
+
+                                  HYMN—
+
+                       Hail!  Eternal! by whose aid
+                      All created things were made,
+                    Heaven and earth Thy vast design,
+                        Hear us, Architect Divine!
+
+                       May our work, begun in thee,
+                        Ever blest with ORDER be;
+                     And may we, when labours cease,
+                        Part in HARMONY and PEACE.
+
+                         By Thy glorious Majesty—
+                      By the TRUST we place in Thee—
+                      By the badge and Mystic sign—
+                Hear us, Architect Divine!  So mote it be.
+
+             The Provincial Grand Chaplin will offer Prayer.
+
+        The Architect will then present the Plans for Inspection.
+
+ The Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer will then deposit the Coins, &c.,
+                       in the cavity of the stone.
+
+  The Provincial Grand Secretary will read aloud the inscription on the
+                          Stone and Plate, which
+                     will then be placed in position.
+
+The W. Master, 1304, will then present the Trowel to the P.G.M., who will
+                            adjust the cement,
+     and the upper stone will be lowered, with three distinct stops.
+
+   The R.W. the P.G.M. will now prove the just position and form of the
+  stone by the Plumb Rule, Level, and Square, which will be successively
+   handed to him by the P.G. Junior Warden, the P.G. Senior Warden, and
+Deputy Provincial Grand Master.  Being satisfied in these particulars, he
+will give the stone three knocks with the Mallet, which will be delivered
+               to him by the Grand Superintendent of Works.
+
+  The Cornucopiæ, containing the Corn and Salt, and the Ewers, with the
+ Wine and Oil, will next be handed to the R.W. the P.G.M., who will strew
+  the Corn and Salt, and pour the Wine and Oil over the stone, with the
+                          accustomed ceremonies.
+
+                     Invocation by the P.G. Chaplain.
+
+ The R.W. the P.G.M. having inspected the Plan of the intended building,
+ will deliver the same to the Architect, together with the several tools
+   used in proving the position of the stone, and desire him to proceed
+  without loss of time to the completion of the Work, in conformity with
+                                the Plan.
+
+                  The following Hymn will then be sung:—
+
+                    God of Light! whose love unceasing
+                      Doth to all Thy works extend,
+                    Crown our Order with Thy blessing.
+                       Build—sustain us to the end.
+
+                      Humbly now we bow before Thee,
+                      Grateful for Thine aid Divine;
+                       Everlasting power and glory,
+                Mighty Architect, be Thine.  So mote it be
+
+   The Procession will return in inverse order to the P.G. Lodge Room.
+
+This hall is a spacious and lofty building, well adapted for its purpose,
+and also (as it is frequently used) for theatricals, and other
+entertainments; having a permanent stage, dressing rooms, lavatories,
+&c., with a commodious kitchen attached, and every convenience for
+cooking, &c.  The cost of the whole was about £2,000, raised by public
+subscriptions.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &c.
+
+
+MISS ANNIE DIXON.
+
+
+Miss Annie Dixon, the artist, was a native of Horncastle of whom the town
+may well be proud.  She was the eldest daughter of a corn chandler,
+living on the Spilsby Road, now called East Street; he had two sons and
+five daughters.  We know nothing of the sons, but Miss Annie early
+developed great taste in water-colour painting; and among her early
+productions was a miniature of a near relative of the present writer,
+done in 1855.  Another of Miss H. A. Palmer, eldest daughter of Captain
+Moffat Palmer, of Horncastle, and widow of the late George Storer, Esq.,
+of Thoroton Hall, Notts., late M.P. for S. Notts., was done about the
+same time.  She afterwards removed to London, and became the first
+miniature painter of her day; was a frequent exhibitor in the Royal
+Academy, and a favourite with Queen Victoria and the Royal family, of
+most of whom she painted miniatures.  She died unmarried Feb 15th, 1901,
+aged 83, and was buried in the Horncastle cemetery.
+
+Another daughter, Leonora, married a Mr. F. Stapleforth, of Holbeach.
+Two other sisters, Fanny and Emily, unmarried, carried on a ladies’
+school at Spalding; and another, Charlotte, married a former Under Master
+of the Horncastle Grammar School, Rev. W. Hutchinson, who in 1862 was
+appointed by the Lord Chancellor Vicar of Howden, in Yorkshire.  Of these
+Emily, died unmarried, May 28th, 1903, aged 80, and was also buried in
+the cemetery; as well as Charlotte (Mrs. Hutchinson), who died Oct. 19th,
+in the same year, aged 73.  Their graves are situated to the east of the
+chapel.
+
+
+
+LORD ALLERTON.
+
+
+Lord Allerton, formerly Mr. William Lawnes Jackson, is a member of a
+Horncastle family.  A near relative was a well-known object, a few years
+ago, in our streets as a cripple, going about on a donkey, lying flat on
+a large saddle or “pad,” his only means of locomotion.  Lord Allerton’s
+father, William Jackson, left Horncastle for Leeds, somewhere in the
+“thirties,” or the “forties,” going it is said, with only half a
+sovereign in his pocket, given by an aunt, and a spare shirt given by an
+uncle.  At Leeds he found employment in the tanyard of a Mr. Robert
+Barker, where he presently became foreman.  He afterwards returned to
+Horncastle and worked in the tanyard of the late Mr. Hawling; but went
+back to Leeds and commenced tanning on his own account, at Meanwood near
+Leeds, and afterwards on a still larger scale at Buslingthorpe.  He
+speedily began to prosper, and in due course was succeeded by his son;
+who made a large fortune in the same business.  He became a magistrate of
+Leeds, and was elected to the Mayoralty in 1895.  He represented North
+Leeds in Parliament for many years, as a conservative, being first
+elected in April, 1880, and re-elected five times, with ever increasing
+majorities.  He was for many years a Director and Chairman of G.N.R.
+Company, and held other public offices.  In 1896 he succeeded Mr. A. J.
+Balfour, under Lord Salisbury’s administration, as Chief Secretary for
+Ireland, being also, for several years, Financial Secretary of the
+Treasury; and was raised to the peerage in June, 1902.  He was born in
+1840, married in 1860, Grace, the only daughter of George Tempest, Esq.
+He owns, as his country seat, Allerton Hall, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, and
+27, Cadogan Square, as his town residence.  His uncle, Mr. John Green,
+still lives in Horncastle, on the Edlington Road.
+
+
+
+EDWARD GILLIAT.
+
+
+Edward Gilliat was the eldest son of the late Mr. George Gilliat, of the
+Manor House (now called “Banovallum”), by his second wife.  He was
+educated partly at the Grammar School, being afterwards a pupil of Canon
+Sanderson, at Seaford, Sussex.  He entered at Pembroke College, Oxford,
+where he obtained a scholarship in 1861.  In 1862 he took a 1st class in
+Classical Moderations, and 1st Literæ Humaniores, 1864.  In 1867 he was
+_Proxime accessit_ for the Latin essay.  He was appointed Assistant
+Master at Westminster School, Sept., 1867, holding the post to Dec.,
+1870.  He was ordained deacon in 1870 and priest in 1871, by the Bishop
+of London.  In Sep. 1871, he was appointed Assistant Master at Harrow,
+where he remained till 1900.  He has been a voluminous writer, publishing
+his first work, _Asylum Christi_, 3 vols., in 1875; _On the Wolds_, 1879;
+_Under the Downs_, 1882; _Forest Outlaws_, 1886; _John Standish_, 1889;
+_In Lincoln Green_, 1893; _Wolf Head_, 1898; _The King’s Reeve_, 1899;
+_Romance of Modern Sieges_, 1907; and _God save King Alfred_, in the same
+year.  He also published, for the S.P.C.K., _Dorothy Dymoke_, and
+_Champion of the Right_.  He has now retired from scholastic work and
+resides at St. Catherine’s Hill, Worcester.
+
+
+
+FREDERICK GROSVENOR.
+
+
+We have already in our notice of the Grammar School (p. 98) given an
+account of the Rev. Francis Grosvenor, son of an ironmonger in the town;
+there was also another son, Frederick, educated under Dr. J. Bainbridge
+Smith, at the school, who graduated at Oxford, and was ordained deacon in
+1860, and priest in 1861.  He held a curacy at Basford, Notts, 1860–62;
+was travelling Chaplain to the Bishop of Brisbane, 1862–65; Curate of
+Holy Trinity, Westminster, 1866–67; of St. Mary’s, Hulme, Manchester,
+1867–69; of St. Gabriel’s, Canning Town, London, 1869–73; at Dudley,
+1874–76; and at Hornsea, near Hull, 1876–85; when he, like his brother
+Francis, retired to Epsom, and succeeded him as Chaplain to the Union
+there, until his decease.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM BARTON CAPARN.
+
+
+Mr. John Caparn, Chemist, having a shop in the High Street (now occupied
+by Mr. Herbert Carlton), had a son, William Barton Caparn, who graduated
+at Brazenose College, Oxford, taking honours, in 1843.  He was ordained
+deacon in 1843, and priest in 1845, in the diocese of Ripon.  He became
+Vicar of East and West Torrington, near Wragby, in 1846, which he held
+till 1859.  He held the benefice, as Vicar, of Drayton, Somersetshire,
+from 1866 to 1875.  Having private means, he gave up that benefice, and
+became Curate of Angersleigh, in the same county, 1877–79; which he then
+gave up, and undertook the Chaplaincy of the Taunton Union, and local
+hospital.  These he resigned after a few years, and resided at Taunfield
+House, Taunton, until his death, April 10th, 1892.  He published various
+minor works; the first being a small volume on _Epitaphs_, later
+productions were _Meditations to be used in Church before Divine
+Service_; _Councils and warnings before and after Confirmation_, &c.
+
+George Gilliat, Esq., late of The Wharf, Horncastle, married, as his
+first wife, Miss Caparn, a sister.  Miss Helen Caparn, another sister,
+married Mr. William Sharples, Surgeon, a partner of the late Mr. T.
+Snaith, of Horncastle, and one of the first doctors at Woodhall Spa.  Mr.
+Sharples left Horncastle for Wisbech, being appointed by the trustees
+first resident physician at the hospital founded in that town by Miss
+Trafford Southwell.  Losing an only daughter while there, the shock was
+so great, that he resigned the post, and removed to Taunton, and took up
+there the practice of a deceased brother, which he carried on until his
+death, Feb. 8th, 1897.  At Horncastle he resided for some years in the
+old vicarage, south of the churchyard, afterwards moving to the house
+next the “Fighting Cocks” Inn, called “Westholme House.”  For some years
+he was a very popular Secretary to the Southwold Hunt.
+
+
+
+W. H. BENSON BROWN.
+
+
+Among more recent natives of Horncastle, who have distinguished
+themselves, is the son of the late Mr. Robert Brown, of the Market Place.
+He graduated at University College, Durham, as Licentiate in Theology,
+1887, and was ordained deacon in 1890, priest in 1891, holding the curacy
+of North Ormsby, near Middlesborough; and was appointed Rector of
+Bucknall, near Horncastle, in 1898, by the patron his father-in-law, the
+late Mr. James Dunham, Merchant, of Horncastle.  He was appointed
+Inspector of Schools, 1899.  Mr. Benson Brown is an energetic worker, has
+restored his church, adding a carved reredos of oak, a handsome lectern,
+and filling the east window with good stained glass.  He has also
+introduced various reforms and improvements in the parish.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM HENEAGE SHARP.
+
+
+Another native of Horncastle, who has already done credit to the town is
+the son of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, in the Bull Ring; of a very old
+firm, established in 1760, and doing an European business.  William
+Heneage Sharp was educated at the local Grammar School, 1885–9, where he
+gained the first scholarship granted by the Governors, under the reformed
+system.  He then went to the college at Framlingham, Suffolk, 1889–90, a
+county institution founded as a memorial of the late Prince Consort, and
+there gained several prizes.  He then became a Junior Master in a private
+school at Devizes; and during his stay there took the 2nd and 4th prizes
+at the College of Preceptors.  He next accepted a Mastership at John
+Ellis’s endowed school in South London (Gospel Oak).  After which he
+studied at King’s College, London, 1899–1901, where he gained the Jelf
+prize for Dogmatic Theology, the Senior Wordsworth prize for Latin, and
+the Barry Divinity Prize.  He was also appointed Precentor, and
+afterwards Dean, of the college, being senior student of his year, and
+taking a first-class in the final examination.  He was ordained by the
+Bishop of London, in St. Paul’s Cathedral, in 1901, being appointed
+“Gospellor” on the occasion.  He was Curate of Staines, Middlesex,
+1901–3, removing afterwards to St. John the Evangelist, Holborn, 1903–8;
+and was then appointed Theological Tutor and Sub-Warden at the College of
+the Resurrection, Mirfield, in the Diocese of Ripon.
+
+
+
+ALFRED H. HEALEY.
+
+
+A youth of Horncastle who has distinguished himself, though chiefly in
+another line, is Alfred H. Healey, son of the late Mr. Alfred Healey,
+Brewer and Merchant, of Horncastle, Branston and Lincoln.  He was
+appointed to a Mastership of Ardingly College, Sussex, but removed to
+Alnwick College more recently.  A member of a family remarkable for their
+ability; a brother, though still young, being high up in the Civil
+Service; he is specially distinguished as an athlete.  Among his
+performances are the following:
+
+Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906, 2nd in 110 metres hurdle race.
+
+English Championship, 120 yards hurdle race, at Manchester, 1907, 2nd.
+
+Northern Counties’ 100 yards Championship, hurdle race, Darlington, 1905,
+2nd.
+
+Northern Counties’ Champion, 100 yards, at Batley, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties’ Champion, 120 yards, at Batley, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties’ Champion, 220 yards, at Darlington, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties’ Champion, long jump, at Darlington, 1907, 1st.
+
+A record, no one before having won more than two events.  His “bests”
+have been: 100 yards in 10 seconds; 120 yards (hurdles) 16 and
+three-fifth seconds; 220 yards (hurdles) 23 seconds; high jump, 5-ft.
+8-in.; long jump, 22-ft. 4-in.  He was also selected to represent England
+in the foot races at the Franco-British Exhibition, at Shepherd’s Bush,
+1908.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM MARWOOD.
+
+
+Horncastle had, for some years, the dubious honour of being the home of
+the public hangman.  William Marwood was born at Goulceby, about six
+miles from Horncastle, and afterwards lived some years in Old
+Bolingbroke, coming to Horncastle about 1860; where he was a shoemaker,
+having a small shop in Church Street, now occupied by Mr. Joseph Borrill,
+of the same trade.  Before being himself appointed hangman he assisted
+his predecessor in that office, Calcraft, and succeeded him in 1872;
+continuing the duties until his death, Sept. 4th, 1883; when he in turn
+was succeeded by Bartholomew Binns.  He was rather short in stature, with
+large square head and large hands, indicative of firmness of character.
+His first official act was to hang a man named Francis Horry, at Lincoln,
+who murdered his wife at Boston, in 1872; his last was to hang a man,
+James Burton, at Durham, who murdered his young wife, aged only 18, from
+jealousy.  On this occasion the man fainted on the scaffold, and got
+entangled with the rope under his arm, and Marwood had to lift him in his
+arms to get him disentangled, and then drop the unconscious man down—a
+painful scene. {155}  This was only about a fortnight before his own
+death.  Among his last executions was that of Charles Peace, a notorious
+burglar, who shot a man at Banner Cross, near Sheffield.  In May, 1882,
+he went to Dublin to execute the perpetrators of the Phœnix Park murders,
+three Fenians, who shot Lord E. Cavendish, and his secretary, Mr. Burke.
+In his last illness, which was short, it was suspected that his health
+had been in some way injured through Fenian agency, and a post mortem
+examination was held by order of the Home Secretary, but a verdict was
+returned of “natural death.”  Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, of the Bull Ring,
+was one of the jury on this occasion.
+
+Marwood’s wife was, for some years, ignorant of her husband’s official
+occupation, as he generally accounted for his absence by saying that he
+had to go away to settle some legal question.  Visiting the
+slaughter-house of a neighbouring butcher, he observed to him that he
+could “do” for men as the butcher did for cattle, because the men whom he
+had to deal with were themselves “beasts.”
+
+Some of Marwood’s official paraphernalia are still preserved at the
+Portland Arms Inn, Portland Street, Lincoln, where he generally stayed at
+an execution.  The late Mr. Charles Chicken, who resided in Foundry
+Street, Horncastle, had a rope 1¼-in. thick, given him by Marwood, with
+which he had hanged six or seven criminals.  Other ropes used by him are
+in Madam Tussaud’s exhibition, in Baker Street, London, where there is
+also a bust of himself.  He used to exhibit his ropes to foreign
+horse-dealers, who attended the great August Fair at Horncastle, at a
+charge of 6d. each.  There was recently a portrait of Marwood, in
+crayons, in a barber’s shop, 29, Bridge Street, drawn by J. S. Lill,
+postman, but this has now disappeared.  Marwood’s favourite dog, Nero,
+and other effects were sold by auction, after his death in 1883, by Mr.
+W. B. Parish.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Other Horncastrians whose lives, or circumstances, were more or less
+exceptional, may be here also briefly noticed.
+
+
+
+HENRY TURNER.
+
+
+Mr. Henry Turner, about the middle of the 19th century, was a corn and
+coal merchant, and also land agent for Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., of
+Scrivelsby Court.  He occupied the house at the corner of South Street,
+next the water side, then a private residence, but now the shop of Mr. F.
+Stuchbery, Ironmonger.  He married the widow of Arthur Thistlewood, a
+native of Horsington, noted, in his later years, as the leader of the
+“Cato Street Conspiracy,” which proposed to assassinate the ministers of
+the government, in London, when attending a dinner at Lord Harrowby’s
+residence, in February, 1820.  The plot was discovered and frustrated,
+and Thistlewood, with others of his guilty confreres, was executed on May
+1st in that year.  Mrs. Turner was the daughter of a butcher, named
+Wilkinson, whose shop was situated in the High Street, where is now the
+shop of Mr. Uriah Spratt.
+
+
+
+MARTIN BROWN.
+
+
+Mr. Martin Brown, grandfather of Mr. W. H. Brown, Plumber and Glazier, of
+Church Lane, was in the early part of the 19th century captured by the
+press gang in Horncastle, and made to serve in H.M.S. Mars, in the war
+with Napoleon.  In one contest his ship was lashed to a French
+man-of-war, to fight it out, and his captain was killed.  He survived to
+tell the story till 90 years of age, with scarcely a day’s illness, until
+his death, Nov. 9th, 1866.  He lies buried in Holy Trinity churchyard,
+his wife, who predeceased him by several years, being buried in St.
+Mary’s churchyard, on the south-east side.
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN SHEPHERD.
+
+
+Captain Shepherd, an old naval officer, lived many years, and died, in
+Union Street, now called Queen Street.  He had had many voyages and
+experiences, which he was fond of recounting to his many friends.  He had
+brought home many trophies and curiosities; among other things he gave an
+Indian bow, made of sugar cane, and poisoned arrows, to the present
+writer, when a boy.
+
+
+
+MISS FRANKLIN.
+
+
+In the next house to Captain Shepherd resided Miss Franklin, sister of
+the great arctic navigator, Sir John Franklin.  Much interest was taken
+in Horncastle in the fate of Sir John, when absent on his last polar
+voyage, and considerable sums were raised, more than once, among the
+residents in the town, to assist Lady Franklin in sending out vessels in
+search of her husband, under the command of Captain Leopold MacClintock
+and others.  We have mentioned elsewhere that a public dinner was given
+to Sir John, at the Bull Hotel, just before he sailed for the last time
+to the north.
+
+In connection with this it may be added that the son of another great
+arctic explorer, Sir John Ross, used to visit friends in Horncastle, and
+is still remembered.  Sir John Ross sailed in search of Sir John Franklin
+in 1848, but was unsuccessful.
+
+
+
+EDMUND KEANE.
+
+
+Edmund Keane, the Tragedian visited Horncastle with his company, in the
+first half of the 19th century, and acted in a large building, which is
+now the warehouse of Mr. Herbert Carlton, Chemist.  The mother of Mr.
+Henry Sharp, Saddler, and the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary’s
+Square, among others, witnessed these performances.  In connection with
+this, it may be added, that Mr. Charles Keane, Actor, son of the above,
+sent two nieces to be educated at a ladies’ school, kept by Mrs.
+Nicholson, Bank Street, Horncastle, and on their leaving he made her a
+present of a valuable pianoforte.
+
+
+
+AMBROSE LANGLEY.
+
+
+About 30 years ago Robert Langley kept an inn in South Street, called the
+“Coach and Horses,” on the premises now occupied by Mr. Crowson, Grocer.
+His son, Ambrose Langley, became a noted footballer, in Horncastle and
+neighbourhood.  He afterwards left the town and joined the Grimsby Town
+Football Club; subsequently he went to Middlesborough, Yorkshire, playing
+for the Ironopolis Football Club.  He afterwards joined the Sheffield
+Wednesday Football Club, which team he was with eight years, being
+captain three years; playing in the final for the English Cup, for that
+team, when they beat Wolverhampton Wanderers by two goals to one, in
+1896.  Leaving Sheffield Wednesday he became manager of the Hull City
+Football Club, which position he now (season 1907–8) holds.
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN SURGEON SMITH.
+
+
+Captain Surgeon Smith, son of a draper, Mr. Walker Smith, who occupied,
+about 25 years ago, the shop near the Post Office, on the south side of
+the High Street, now occupied by Mr. Redmore, enlisted as a private in
+the Army Hospital Corps; and, afterwards, passing all examinations with
+credit, he rose from the ranks to become medical officer in the corps; an
+exceptional instance of such promotion.
+
+
+
+HENRY ALLENBY.
+
+
+Henry Allenby, son of a fellmonger, Mr. Richard Allenby, residing near
+the Wong, and having a tanyard on the Lincoln Road, became an assistant
+chemist at St. Albans.  Afterwards coming under notice, in a chemist’s
+shop in London, he was selected to accompany the Duke of Edinburgh in his
+tour round the world, in H.M.S. Galatea, as dispenser to the expedition.
+This was in 1866; and in this capacity he visited India, Japan, China,
+Australia, &c.
+
+
+
+JOHN SCHOFIELD.
+
+
+Mr. Robert Schofield, Landlord (in the middle of the last century) of the
+Saracen’s Head Inn, Bridge Street, Horncastle, had a son, John, who left
+Horncastle for London, and became a member of the Stock Exchange, where,
+from small beginnings, he became so successful in business, that he
+eventually married a daughter of Bishop Blomfield, of London.
+
+
+
+MISS ROBINSON.
+
+
+The Rev. W. Robinson, Vicar of Wood Enderby and Wilkesby, in the middle
+of the 19th century, like several other clergy, who at that time had no
+country residences, lived in Horncastle.  His daughter, happening to be
+of the same size and figure as Queen Victoria, was for several years
+engaged in the Queen’s service, as a living model, on whom were “tried”
+all dresses intended for the Queen.  In return for this she received, as
+a perquisite, her Majesty’s cast-off dresses, from the sale of which she
+realised an acceptable income.  It is said that, through her, on the
+marriage of a lady friend, the dresses of both bride and bridesmaids were
+all royal attire.  It was generally understood that this appointment was
+due to the representations, in her favour, of Miss Annie Dixon, the
+artist (herself a native of Horncastle, mentioned elsewhere), who was at
+that time a _grata persona_ with the royal family.
+
+
+
+JOHN CUSSONS.
+
+
+Mr. John Cussons, son of the late Mr. John Cussons, Baker, in the Bull
+Ring, and nephew of the late Mr. David Cussons, Printer and Bookseller,
+High Street, Horncastle, ran away before his apprenticeship had expired,
+and went to America, settling in the Confederate States.  He there
+espoused the Confederate cause against the Federals, and took a leading
+part in the civil war, commanding Confederate forces in several important
+engagements.  Since that time he has visited Horncastle, and has
+published a history of his military operations.  He now resides on his
+own property, at Forest Lodge, Glen Allen, Virginia.  His last
+publication, in 1908, is _Jack Sterry_, _the Jessie Scout_.  He is also
+the author of _A Glance at Current History_, _The Passage of the
+Thoroughfare Gap_, _Some Modern Pillars of State_, _Principles of
+Cryptiography_, _Assimilating the Indian_, &c.
+
+
+
+HENRY ALLISON.
+
+
+Henry Allison, son of Mr. Allison, Miller, formerly residing in West
+Street, married a daughter of Mr. David Cussons, and leaving the town
+about 1848, settled in Hull, where he established a large business as
+paper manufacturer.  He was elected Mayor of Hull; and died some years
+ago, leaving a widow, who resides in a large mansion, which he built on
+the outskirts of the town, Marlborough House, Anlaby Road.  The business,
+with several branches, is still carried on by members of his family.
+
+
+
+JOHN BROWN.
+
+
+John Brown, the “Poet Laureate” of Horncastle, has already been
+mentioned; he is chiefly known by the volume _Literæ Laureatœ_, published
+in 1890, dedicated to Lord Tennyson, by permission, and containing most
+of his poetical productions.  These are remarkable for his knowledge of
+Lincolnshire dialect and local folk-lore.  The volume was published,
+after his death, on behalf of his widow.
+
+He was born in the first workhouse, adjoining St. Mary’s churchyard, his
+parents being in charge of that institution.  Being first apprenticed to
+a cabinet maker, Mr. J. Williams, when only just “in his teens,” he ran
+away to Hull, and took service on a vessel, the Margaret, bound for
+Cronstadt.  His first voyage, however, was sufficient to disgust him with
+marine life.  When about 15 he found employment with a theatrical scene
+painter from London, who settled in Horncastle.  He afterwards went to
+London to learn his trade as a house decorator.  He married in 1833 a
+Miss Gainsborough, of Alford.  In 1838 he went to Lincoln, and for some
+years carried on his trade there.  In 1848 he returned to Horncastle, and
+still carrying on his trade, became a member of a literary coterie, who
+used to hold meetings in the coffee room of the Bull Hotel.  In 1860 he
+bought a house on the Louth Road, which he opened as the Globe Inn, and
+which became the resort of his literary friends.  Literature, however,
+did not conduce to business.  In 1872 his health failing, and his savings
+having evaporated, he was granted a residence in the Whelpton Almshouses,
+where he continued to employ his pen, in comfort, until his death in
+1890. {159}
+
+
+
+THOMAS BAKER.
+
+
+The late Mr. Thomas Baker has already been referred to, but is worthy of
+a fuller account.  He was not a native of Horncastle, but lived in the
+town more than 60 years, and became so identified with its interests, in
+many ways, that he may well be regarded as one of its “worthies.”  Born
+in 1814, at Braintree, in Essex, he was the son of a veterinary surgeon
+in that town, his family having previously there owned the once
+well-known coaching house, named The Horn Inn; although earlier members
+of his family had occupied a higher position; one of them, named
+Thorowgood, having founded the Grammar School at Oxford.
+
+Before coming to Horncastle, in 1841, Mr. Baker was known on more than
+one county cricket ground, and had distinguished himself on the
+University ground at Cambridge, “Parker’s Piece.”  On coming to
+Horncastle he immediately made his mark in cricket as a round-hand
+bowler; and the leading young men of the neighbourhood became his pupils.
+One of his feats was, in a match between an 11 of All England and 22
+gentlemen of the county; when he bowled out, with his first ball,
+Iddison, Captain of the All England team.  The great matches in which he
+took part for many years were too many to tell.  Among other things he
+had the distinction of being employed by Sir Evelyn Wood to train a
+village club in his parish.
+
+Besides his cricketing skill he was remarkable for his ventriloquial
+powers; and the story was told, that, while sitting in conversation with
+two strangers, at the Bull Hotel, he threw his voice under the table.
+The two sprang up to catch the supposed eavesdropper, when he at once
+calmed them by throwing his voice in another direction, and then letting
+them into the secret.  He was also, in his way, a fair actor; and, with
+the late Mr. John Brown, the Horncastle Laureate, and others, he helped
+to amuse considerable audiences, in town and neighbourhood.  In comedy he
+could take all the parts himself, rapidly changing his dress, and at one
+moment adopting the high falsetto tones of an old crone, and the next
+moment speaking in the deeper accents of a strong man.  It is greatly to
+his credit that, only having for many years a small shop, famed chiefly
+for his two specialites, “bull eyes” and “Grantham ginger-bread,” he
+brought up a large family, who have taken good positions in various parts
+of the country.  He was a staunch conservative and churchman.
+
+In his later years he was often visited by strangers, who were
+entertained by his fund of anecdote and cricketing reminiscences.  Among
+these we may name the novelist, Miss Marie Corelli, who, while staying at
+Woodhall Spa, sought his acquaintance, as being one of the “characters”
+of the neighbourhood, and to his delight she gave him her autograph.  Mr.
+J. J. Hissey, the author of _A Driving Tour in Lincolnshire_, also
+visited him at his house in Horncastle, and says of him “although wearing
+a shabby garb, he struck me with his perfect self-possession, and
+superior manners. . . .  I have met many characters, but Mr. Baker struck
+me as being the most remarkable.”  He died Feb. 12th, 1903, aged 88; and
+in his last illness letters poured in upon him from old friends and
+pupils, expressing their sympathy and their pleasant recollections of his
+company.
+
+
+
+ODDITIES.
+
+
+To these “worthies” of the town we here add two or three of its
+“oddities.”  About 1844 Billy Boulton, who kept an inn in Millstone
+Street, now called North Street, named the Tom Cat, was noted for his
+great strength; for a wager he dragged a “dung cart” on the turnpike
+road, from Lincoln, to his own yard in Horncastle, a distance of over 21
+miles.  It is said, however, that he suffered from rupture for the rest
+of his life, as a consequence of the great and continued exertion
+involved in this feat.  The inn is now named The Cricketers’ Arms, but it
+may be noticed that the figure of a cat is still engraven on a pane of
+the front window.
+
+The same man bought the wife of a man named Rogers, a boatman, who put
+her up for auction, standing on a tub, with a halter round her neck, in
+the public street; the price paid being £20.  She had a son and daughter
+by Boulton, who both lived to be married, but died early.  In after
+years, having lost her (so called) husband, Boulton, she removed to
+Lincoln, and there meeting her former husband, Rogers, she became
+reconciled to him, and both again lived together, as man and wife, until
+death. {160}
+
+A man, known as Aty Rushton (short for Horatio), who lived in Horncastle,
+on the West Ashby Road, about the same period, and let out horses on
+hire, being in Lincoln, laid a wager that he would set off from Lincoln,
+above hill, just after the moon rose, and ride to Horncastle, 21 miles,
+before the moon should rise there; which would be later, the town being
+in a hollow, with a steep hill in the west to hide the moon for some
+time; while Lincoln is on a hill, with a view to the west over low
+county, where the moon would be seen earlier.  He rode a swift animal of
+his own. and strained all its powers in the effort.  Unfortunately there
+was then a toll bar on the Lincoln road about a mile from Horncastle,
+where he found the gate closed, and was delayed two or three minutes
+before the keeper could pass him through.  He pressed on with all speed,
+galloping through the town, shouting in his excitement “Now me! now
+moon!”; but as he dashed into his own yard, he saw the moon shining in a
+bucket of water, standing by the stable door.  The delay at the toll-bar
+had lost him his wager.
+
+A son of the above, Thomas Rushton, was a great fisherman, and not always
+particular where he followed his sport.  Walking in the night to a
+certain lake in a park, about 6 miles from Horncastle, he fished it and
+landed two or three brace of good trout, and then about eight o’clock in
+the morning, he called at the hall, and sold them to the squire for his
+breakfast.  He used to tell this anecdote to his confidants, with his
+well-known chuckle of satisfaction, as a satisfactory stroke of business.
+Many other stories of his performances with “the angle” could be also
+related, but this may suffice.
+
+The following relates not to a native of Horncastle, but to one whom we
+may call an “intruder,” although he was to play his part (not a very
+creditable one) in the town.  We avoid, for obvious reasons, giving names
+and dates.  There had occurred a number of petty thefts, which made,
+those who possessed anything of value, uneasy about their treasures, lest
+their turn for spoliation might come next.  The police arrangements for
+the town were still of a very primitive character, and quite inadequate
+for due protection of the householder.  The days of the “bobby” and
+“peeler” were not yet, at least in country districts; although Sir Robert
+Peel had done away with the old watchman, and established the present
+police system in the metropolis; and some other of our larger towns had
+followed suit.  But in Horncastle the constable, by way of setting a
+thief to catch a thief, had, it was said, himself in his earlier years
+been a great smuggler, while in his age he was a spindle-shanked old man,
+whom a boy could knock down.  Roused by the insecurity of property, the
+authorities decided to import a London detective, disguised in plain
+clothes.  He came, and for a while marauders, among whom the secret soon
+leaked out, carefully stayed their hands.  After a time, however,
+robberies began to recur; especially a corner shop near “the far bridge,”
+was the scene of considerable pilfering.  The detective was called in to
+investigate.  He took up the matter, but did not succeed in making any
+arrests.
+
+It was noticed by someone that a brass button was missing from the sort
+of gamekeeper’s velveteen coat which he wore; and, strange to say, a
+button of the exact kind was found behind the counter of the shop where
+the thefts occurred.  No public action was taken in the matter, but it
+came to be strongly suspected that the professional thief-taker had
+himself been guilty of thieving.  Other suspicious circumstances
+occurred, but he was a clever man, and nothing was brought home against
+him.  It was believed, however, that something of the truth had become
+known at head quarters, as his appointment was a few months later
+cancelled, and he was not appointed elsewhere.  He continued to reside in
+Horncastle and, having no employment, he accepted the post of water
+bailiff to the local angling association, which he filled for some time,
+until he eventually disappeared from the scene of his labours, which were
+thought by not a few to be somewhat “fishy” in the unfavourable sense of
+being at least questionable in their nature.
+
+He had not left the town very long when it became known that certain
+parties had received from him some of the goods which had disappeared
+from the grocer’s shop, which had been robbed.  Sundry hams were found
+concealed in a hay loft, and it was generally believed that the robbery
+of an inn in the town, not far from the shop in question, as well as
+other thefts in the country around, had been perpetrated by him.
+
+
+
+PUBLICHOUSES
+
+
+One of the remarkable features of Horncastle is the number of its
+publichouses, and these were far more numerous formerly than at the
+present day.  This was, of course, mainly due to the great number of
+dealers who attended the horse fairs, not only from all parts of England
+and Ireland, but from most countries on the continent; especially the
+great August fair, which formerly lasted no less than three weeks.  The
+present facilities for rapid travel, by rail, and quicker means of
+communication, which now enable dealers to hear of horses for sale, and
+to visit them in their owners stables, before they are brought to the
+fair, has altered all this, and the fairs now last only a few days at the
+most.
+
+These publichouses had also generally attached to them large yards, and
+extensive stabling (as may still be seen), where the best horses were
+shewn and tried, without appearing in the streets.  In consequence of the
+reduced need for such accommodation many of these publichouses have
+disappeared.  Among the names of those which have been lost, are the
+Royal Oak, the Peal of Bells, Cock and Breeches, Chequers, Hammer and
+Pincers, Dolphin, Pack Horse, Woolpack, Fox and Goose, Marquis of Granby,
+Blue Bell, Horseshoes, Axe and Cleaver, Three Maids’ Heads, Queen’s Head,
+the George, and others which are only traditionally remembered. {162}
+
+Several of these were almost contiguous.  For instance, on the west side
+of the market, on the site of No. 1, now (1908) occupied by Mr. R. W.
+Clitherow, formerly stood a good-sized publichouse, which was destroyed
+by fire.  Being rebuilt, it became the private residence of Mr. H.
+Sellwood, Solicitor, father-in-law of the late Poet Laureate, Lord
+Tennyson.  Separated from this, northward, by only two houses, was the
+Black Horse Inn, still existing, and next to this, on what is now part of
+the shop of Messrs. Lunn and Dodson, was the Peal of Bells, and not more
+than half-a-dozen yards distant, on the opposite side of the street, was
+the very old Saracen’s Head, still existing.
+
+On the north side of the Market Place, next to what is now Mr. Cammack’s
+cycle depot, was the Queen’s Head Inn, now gone; and at the north-east
+corner of the Market Place, one door removed from St. Lawrence Street,
+was the Nelson Inn, still existing; while at the south-east corner stood
+the large George Inn, no longer existing; and near the churchyard, under
+the same roof with the old vicarage, was a much patronized dram shop,
+kept by a Mrs. Clayton, long since removed.
+
+Of some of these we are able to give particulars, not without interest.
+The Cock and Breeches was kept by Roland Oliver, a breeches maker, whose
+daughter migrated to London, and, as Mrs. Hibbert, kept an inn, the
+Elephant, in Fenchurch Street, City.  At the Queen’s Head were, early
+last century, barracks for volunteers or soldiers, with their drill
+sergeants; who performed their drill and practiced with “Brown Bess” in a
+chalk pit, on the west side of the Edlington Road, now disused, but still
+represented by a deep depression in the field below the footpath to
+Thimbleby, and at the back of the gardens of Mr. Frank Heane, of the
+Garth House, and other adjoining residents.
+
+At this same inn, the Queen’s Head, some 20 years or more ago, on
+removing the bricks of the kitchen floor, the workmen found a skeleton,
+probably that of a man who had been murdered for his money at the August
+fair, and in connection with this, it was remembered that a farmer living
+at Stourton, who used to frequent this inn, had some years before
+attended the fair, but never returned home, nor could enquiring friends
+find any trace of him.
+
+The Nelson Hotel, on the same side of the Market Place, was formerly kept
+by an old man named Vesey, who was said to have been, in his earlier
+years, a great smuggler on the coast, but coming to Horncastle, he
+reformed, and was appointed constable.  The sign of this inn is a
+portrait of the great hero of Trafalgar and the Nile, originally well
+painted by the artist, Northouse, but it has recently been repainted in
+the worst style, and almost “improved” out of recognition.
+
+The George stood on the sites now occupied by the Post Office, and the
+adjoining shop of Messrs. Salter, Shoemakers, the original archway of the
+inn yard still remaining between them.  This was formerly one of the
+principle inns of the town, equal in size to the Bull and the Red Lion;
+and from it, before the railway line was opened to Horncastle, the
+landlord, Mr. Hackford, ran a coach, to meet the train at Kirkstead.  An
+incident, in connection with the George may here be mentioned, which is
+not likely to occur again.  A wealthy lady, Miss Heald (who had also a
+house in London, where the writer, as a boy, visited her), occupied in
+those days the old hall (now demolished) in Edlington Park.  She was of
+the family of Chancellor Heald, to whose memory there is a marble tablet,
+on the north wall of the chancel of St. Mary’s Church.  She had a nephew,
+who was an officer in the fashionable regiment of the Guards.  He became
+enamoured of the once famous courtesan, Lola Montez, who had been
+mistress to the King of Bavaria, attracted by her beauty, it was said, as
+she drove, and he rode, along Rotten Row, the resort of fashion, in Hyde
+Park, London.  She wished to make the most of the opportunity to regain a
+respectable position, and pressed her attentions of the young officer too
+persistently.  She was a woman of daring and reckless temperament; and
+his love and admiration gradually, on closer acquaintance, gave way to
+fear.  At length he did all he could to avoid her, which roused her
+bitter resentment, and at length he became in daily terror of her
+revengeful nature.  Coming down from London to Horncastle, to collect his
+rents, he put up at the George, and was there found, by a friend who
+called upon him, sitting at his luncheon, but with a brace of pistols
+lying on the table, fully expecting that she would follow him, and force
+him into matrimony.  It is said that she ended her days in an American
+prison, after perpetrating a murder in a railway carriage.
+
+               [Picture: Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring]
+
+Another inn worthy of mention here is the Fighting Cocks.  Here this once
+fashionable but cruel sport used to be practised, until it was made
+illegal by Act of Parliament, in 1849, and it is said to have been
+clandestinely continued for some time longer, although a penalty of £5
+was imposed.  An old man working on the premises in 1902 could remember
+the last fight.  The “pit” was in the present garden, at the rear of the
+inn yard.
+
+In the Fighting Cocks yard were formerly the kennels of the South Wold
+hounds, and the writer can well remember going frequently, as a boy,
+while he attended the Grammar School, to see them fed, as well as
+occasionally being mounted by the whips on one of the horses of the hunt,
+when, after the hunting season, they went out for exercise.  Mr. “Jack”
+Musters, the whilom rival of Byron for the hand of Miss Chaworth, was at
+that time Master.
+
+In the yard of this inn there still remain two large scythe blades
+affixed to the wall of an outhouse.  The history of these is that they
+were formerly on the front of the inn, facing the street, because was
+annually held, on August 21st, what was called the Scythe Fair, when the
+county blacksmiths gathered to purchase scythes, to supply the Irish, and
+other reapers, for the coming harvest.  This was discontinued when the
+machinery for reaping came into use.
+
+The Three Maids’ Inn was situated in the High Street, on part of the site
+now occupied by the Corn Exchange, and was demolished when that building
+was erected.  A small inn, on the east side of North Street, now called
+the Cricketer’s Arms, was formerly named the Tom Cat, because here was
+sold the strong old gin of the well-known distillers, Swagne and Borde,
+whose trademark was a cat.  Hence gin took its name of “Old Tom.”  There
+is still the figure of a cat engraven on the front window, with the words
+“Unrivalled Tom” beneath it.
+
+Opposite the Bull, the leading hotel in the town, replete with all modern
+requirements, stands the King’s Head, an old “public,” still remarkable
+for its low thatched roof; the reason for which is said to be, that by
+the forms of the will of a former owner, it was bequeathed to his
+successor, with the condition attached, that it should continue to be
+thatched: a condition which the advance of civilization may, in a few
+years’ time, make it difficult to fulfil.
+
+And here we may make the concluding remark that 100 years ago most of the
+houses in Horncastle were thatched.  It is on record (Overton MS.) that
+the first slated house in the town was built for a Mr. Storr, a gardener,
+in what is now the back passage from the Bow Bridge to the Wong, near the
+Baptist Chapel.  This was afterwards occupied (1790–1800) by Mrs. L’Oste,
+widow of a former Rector of Langton.  The next house to be slated was
+that of Mr. Titus Overton, lately the residence of Mr. John Overton,
+Grocer.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+THIMBLEBY.
+
+
+This parish is contiguous to Horncastle, but the village and church are
+distant about 1¼ miles from the town, in a north-westerly direction.
+Letters arrive at 8.30 a.m., from Horncastle, where are the nearest money
+order and telegraph office and railway station.
+
+As to the name Thimbleby, given in _Domesday Book_ as Stimbelbi, it
+doubtless meant originally the Bye (scotice “Byre”), or farmstead, of a
+thane, or owner, in pre-Norman times named stimel. {165}  In the survey
+made by the Conqueror, A.D. 1085, there are two mentions of this parish,
+(1) It is included among the 1,442 lordships, or manors, of which King
+William took possession on his own behalf, ejecting the previous owners;
+none of whom, in this instance, are named.  Under him it was occupied by
+22 soc-men, or free tenants, and 18 villeins, or bondsmen, who cultivated
+4½ carucates (540 acres), with 240 acres of meadow.  This, however, did
+not comprise the whole parish, for (2) another mention gives Thimbleby
+among the lands granted by the Conqueror to Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who
+was half brother to King William, on his mother’s side, and was created
+by him Earl of Kent.  His brother was Earl of Moretaine, and his sister
+Adeliza was Countess of Albermarle.  He had been consecrated Bishop of
+Baieux before William’s conquest of England, in 1049.  He was
+subsequently made Count Palatine and Justiciary of England.  The old
+historian, Ordericus Vitalis, says “he was reputed to be the wisest man
+in England, and ‘totius Angliæ Vice-comes sub Rege, et . . . Regi
+secundus’”; and this was hardly an exaggeration, since he was granted by
+William 76 manors in Lincolnshire, besides 363 in other counties.  But we
+have observed in several other instances how insecure was the tenure of
+property in those unsettled times, when might was deemed right, and this
+ambitious Prelate was no exception.  He aspired to the Papacy, the
+highest ecclesiastical office in Christendom, and was about to start for
+Rome, with the view of securing it through his wealth, when he was
+arrested and imprisoned by his royal kinsman, and his estates
+confiscated.
+
+The portion of Thimbleby granted to this Odo comprised 250 acres of
+cultivated land, with 12 acres of meadow and 30 acres of underwood.  This
+was worked for him by three free tenants and five bondmen. {166a}  On the
+attainder of Odo, this land passed again into the King’s hands, to be
+bestowed doubtless upon some other favourite follower.  Accordingly we
+find that, shortly after this, the powerful Flemish noble, Drogo de
+Bevere, who had distinguished himself greatly at the battle of Hastings,
+along with many other manors in Lincolnshire, held that of Thimbleby.  He
+was, by Royal Charter, Lord of all Holderness, and took his title de
+Bevere from Beverley, the chief town in that division.  As is also
+related elsewhere, {166b} the Conqueror gave him his niece in marriage;
+but, being of a violent temperament, Drogo got rid of her by poison, and
+then, having thus incurred the anger of William, he fled the country.
+His estates, in turn, were probably confiscated, for we find that a few
+years later Stephen, Earl of Ambemarle, {166c} had five carucates (_i.e._
+600 acres) of land between Thimbleby, Langton and Coningsby.
+
+This noble was distinguished for his piety, as well as his other great
+qualities.  The chronicler describes him as “præclarus comes, et eximius
+monasteriorum fundator,” an illustrious earl and distinguished founder of
+monasteries.  Among other such institutions he founded, on the feast of
+St. Hilary, A.D. 1139, the Priory of Thornton, in North Lincolnshire.
+This Stephen also received the lordship of Holderness, which had been
+held by Drogo.  He was succeeded by his son William, who was surnamed
+Crassus, or “The Gross,” from his unwieldy frame.  His
+great-granddaughter, Avelin, succeeding to the property in her turn,
+married Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, surnamed Gibbosus, or humpback.  But
+they had no issue, and so, as the “Book of Meux Abbey” says, “for want of
+heirs the Earldom of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderness were seized
+(once again) into the King’s hands.”  What became of the demesne of
+Thimbleby is not specified; but we find from the survey, already quoted,
+that in the same century Walter de Gaunt, son of Gilbert de Gaunt, {166d}
+held Thimbleby and other neighbouring parishes 24 carucates, or in all
+2,880 acres of land.  We have traced elsewhere {166e} the descent of the
+Willoughby family from the Gaunts, and about 100 years later (circa 1213,
+Survey, as before) William de Willoughby succeeded to these estates,
+including the demesne of Thimbleby.  He was ancestor of the present Earl
+of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby de Eresby, who now represents this
+division in Parliament.  How long the estates, in whole or in part,
+remained with the Willoughbys is not clear; but we have evidence of their
+connection with Thimbleby nearly 100 years later, in a document dated
+1302, {167a} concerning a dispute as to lands in Thimbleby, Langton,
+Woodhall, and several other parishes, between John de Bec and Robert
+Wylgherby, the two families being related; in which the said Robert
+surrenders to the said John all property in dispute, for his lifetime, on
+condition that, after his decease, the whole shall revert to the said
+John Willoughby, and his heirs, for ever. {167b}
+
+From this time we find other names connected with the parish.  Indeed
+prior to this, in a charter of Bardney Abbey, dated “at the Chapter of
+the Convent, on Sunday next after the Ascension of our Lord” (22nd May)
+1281; we have among the witnesses, along with others belonging to
+Edlington, Wispington, and Baumber, “Master Bartholomew of Thimbleby,”
+and John Crayck of the same, the former being probably the Rector. {167c}
+This charter refers to certain lands and tenements, the gift to the abbey
+of “Walter, son of Gilbert, de Bolingbrog,” _i.e._ Walter, the son of
+Gilbert de Gaunt, already named.  In another Bardney charter, dated four
+years later (30th Sept., 1285), we find again the same Thimbleby
+witnesses, with Alured of Woodhall, and others. {167d}
+
+Three years later than this, in an official inquiry, held at Lincoln, as
+to certain knights’ fees, which belonged to Elyas de Rabayn and his wife
+Matilda (12th Nov., 1288), the jurors declare that “Robert de Rothwell
+holds in Thymelby and Horncastre,” certain “rents of assize, to be paid
+at the Feast of St. Michael, the Nativity of the Lord, Easter, and St.
+Botulph” (June 17), amounting to 12s.
+
+A more interesting record is the following.  We may premise that the
+Norman noble, St. Quintin (so named from a town of France, in the
+department of Aisne, the Augusta Veromanduorum of the Romans), came over
+among the followers of William the Conqueror, and his name appears in the
+famous “Battle Roll” of 1066.  A Final Concord, of date A.D. 1293, states
+that on the Quindene of the purification of the Blessed Mary (_i.e._ the
+5th day after), a dispute having arisen between Herbert de St. Quintin on
+the one part, and Ascelina de Waterville and Matilda de Diva on the other
+part, the two latter being tenants of 3½ carucates of land (_i.e._ 420
+acres) in Thymeleby; it was settled that the said Ascelina and Matilda
+should acknowledge the said land to be the right of Herbert; and for this
+Herbert granted them, as his tenants, all the said lands, except six
+oxgangs (_i.e._ 90 acres) which were occupied in separate parcels, by
+Baldrick, Hogge, Alfsi, Godric, Walfric, and others; and for this the
+said Ascelina and Matilda gave him, in acknowledgment, 40 marks.
+
+A few years after this date it would appear that the Bishop of Carlisle
+exercised a kind of ecclesiastical lordship over this parish.  Thimbleby
+was in the soke of Horncastle, and Ralph de Rhodes, the former Lord of
+the demesne of Horncastle, with its appurtenances, West Ashby, High
+Toynton, &c., had granted these (by charter confirmed by Henry III., A.D.
+1230) to Walter Mauclerk, Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors.
+
+Accordingly in an old document of the early 14th century, we find that
+John de Halghton, Bishop of Carlisle, gave consent for William de Foletby
+to convey certain lands in Thimelby, Langton, and Horncastle, to the
+Abbot and Convent of Kirkstead, to provide two monks, to celebrate daily
+services for the souls of the faithful deceased.  The witnesses were
+Richard de Wodehall, William de Polam (Poolham), and others.  “Dated at
+Horncastre, on this day of St. Barnabas, 5 Ed. II., 11 June, A.D. 1312”
+{168a}  This shows a connection with the monastery of Kirkstead, to which
+we shall refer hereafter.
+
+We next come to a record of special interest, of rather later date.  The
+family of Thimbleby, Thymelby, Thimoldby, &c., doubtless took their name
+from this parish, at a period lost in hoar antiquity.  They acquired in
+course of time extensive property in various parts of the county.  The
+chief branch of the family resided at Irnham Park, near Grantham, which
+was acquired (about 1510) by Richard Thimbleby, through his marriage with
+the heiress of Godfrey Hilton, whose ancestor, Sir Geoffrey Hilton,
+Knight, had obtained it by marriage with the heiress of the Luterels, a
+very ancient family, several members of which were summoned to Parliament
+as Barons, in the 12th century.
+
+The earlier members of the Thimbleby family are called, expressly, Thomas
+de Thymelby, Nicholas de Thymbylby, and so forth, shewing their
+connection with this parish.  The family name of Thimelby still survives
+in the neighbourhood of Spilsby.
+
+The first mention of a Thimbleby, as an owner in Thimbleby, occurs in a
+Post Mortem Inquisition, held at Holtham (Haltham), on Friday next after
+the Feast of St. Matthew (Sept. 21), A.D. 1333; where the jurors say that
+Nicholas de Thymelby held, with certain other lands in the neighbourhood,
+two messuages and four acres of land in Thymelby, of the Bishop of
+Carlisle, and that the said Nicholas died on the Feast of the
+Purification (Feb. 2nd); and that his son Thomas, aged 19, was heir.
+{168b}
+
+Then follow a grant of land and other privileges, by the Bishop of
+Carlisle, in Horncastle and Upper Toynton, to Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby.  Thomas presented to the Benefice of Ruckland in 1381.  His son
+John married Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois; whose mother was
+daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon (or Barradon), whose wife was sister
+and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.  Thus the family kept
+growing in importance. {168c}
+
+Our last mention of this family, in connection with Thimbleby, shows a
+still greater expansion.  An Inquisition taken 12th August, 4 Ed. VI.
+(1550), after the death of Matthew Thimbleby, of Polam, Esq., shows that
+he married Anne, daughter of Sir John Hussey, and that he was seised of
+six manors besides that of Thimelby; also of lands in eight other
+parishes, with the advowsons of the churches of Tetforde, Farrafford,
+Ruckland, and Somersby. {168d}  His widow married Sir Robert Savile, Knt.
+
+Soon after the first mention of a Thymelby of Thimbleby, we find another
+family of some note connected with this parish.  In an agreement made at
+“Langton near Horncaster, 8 August, A.D. 1370, Peter Skynner of Ely, and
+Alice his wife, for some consideration not named, surrender to William de
+Atherby and his heirs, all their rights in certain lands and tenements in
+Woodhall, Langton, Thymelby, Horncastre, Thornton,” &c. {169a}  These
+lands had evidently been held by the said Peter Skynner and his wife.
+
+The Skynners were a family of wealth and position.  In 1315 Robert and
+Richard Skynner held the manor of Pinchbeck, near Spalding. {169b}  They
+were also land owners in Hareby and Bolingbroke.  Henry Skynner, by will,
+dated 29th May, 1612, leaves to his daughter Judith, all his copyhold in
+Harebie, to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, Knight, lands in Hareby and
+other places, with the advowson of the Benefice.  Sir Vincent Skynner was
+Lord of the Manor of Thornton Curtis; he was in 1604 appointed by the
+crown Keeper of East Kirkby Park, as part of the Royal manor, or
+“Honour,” of Bolingbroke.  His son William married a daughter of Sir
+Edward Coke, Knight, and was buried at Thornton Curtis, August 17th, A.D.
+1626.
+
+We find mention of another owner of land in Thimbleby, in the 15th
+century, whose apparent love of pelf would seem to have tempted him to
+defraud the king of his dues.  A certain Thomas Knyght, of the City of
+Lincoln, Esquire, died in the 10th year of the reign of Henry VII. (A D
+1495), seized of lands and tenements “in Thembleby,” and other places.
+At the Inquisition then held, the jurors found that he had alienated
+certain parts of the property, “the Royal license therefor not being
+obtained, to the prejudice and deception of the lord the King,” and the
+property passed to his son and heir William, who took possession, with “a
+like evasion of dues, to the King’s prejudice.”  What penalty was imposed
+is not stated; but it was a somewhat remarkable coincidence, that, as
+shewn in another Inquisition made the following year (A.D. 1496), certain
+witnesses deposed that on the 20th day of June, A.D. 1476 (_i.e._ 19
+years before his decease), the said Thomas Knyght, and his servants,
+about the middle of the night “broke and dug the soil of the parlour of
+his house, and found £1,000, and more, of the coinage of the Treasury . .
+. there placed and hidden,” which as “tresour-trove, by reason of the
+prerogative of the lord the King, ought to come to his use, &c.”  This
+has all a very suspicious look, Knyght would not have ordered this search
+for the money if he had not himself known of its being there.  It looks
+like a previous attempt at concealment, in some way to defraud the
+revenue, which Knyght himself afterwards felt was a failure, and that it
+was safer to exhume the hoard himself, rather than that public officials
+should do it.  Altogether it would seem that “Thomas Knyght, of the City
+of Lincoln, Esquire,” was somewhat of a sordid character, and not a
+proprietor for Thimbleby to be proud of.
+
+We now proceed to records more ecclesiastical.  We have already noted
+that, with the consent of the Bishop of Carlisle, William de Foletby, in
+the 14th century conveyed lands in Thimbleby to the Abbot of Kirkstead.
+This would seem to imply a previous connection of this parish with that
+monastery, to attract the Thimbleby proprietor to it.  Accordingly we
+find that, among the various properties of the Abbey, granted by Hugh
+Brito, its founder (A.D. 1139), and other benefactors, were 90 acres of
+land in Thimbleby, with the advowson of the Benefice.  In those days
+there was only a very limited number of resident clergy in the country
+parishes, {170a} the churches being served largely by the monks of the
+monasteries.  In some cases these were “itinerant clerks,” in other cases
+there was a “grange,” or dependency, of the monastery in the parish,
+having a “cell,” or “hermitage,” for a priest.
+
+Thimbleby was not among the number of parishes which had a church before
+the conquest, as Edlington and several other neighbouring parishes had;
+but there is no doubt that a church was erected here soon after that
+period, which, like the neighbouring Woodhall, was connected with
+Kirkstead, and here, as at Woodhall, there are traces of a moated
+enclosure eastward of the church, which doubtless was the site of the
+grange.
+
+The Abbot of Kirkstead exercised the powers of a superior lord here in a
+somewhat arbitrary fashion; it being complained against him before Royal
+Commissioners as early as the reign of Edward I., that he had erected
+here “furcœ,” or a gallows, on which various criminals had been executed;
+and that he had appropriated to himself the assize of bread and beer
+here, and at Horncastle. {170b}  But “blessed are the peacemakers,” and
+the abbots, with wholesome influence, were able, when occasion served, to
+produce harmony out of discordant elements; as the following records show
+(quoted from Final Concords): “In three weeks from the day of the
+Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 10 Henry III. (28th Sept., A.D. 1226),” a
+dispute arising between Reginald, Rector of Thymelby, and Peter, son of
+John, tenant of a certain messuage and toft in Thymelby.  Peter was
+induced to give up his claim, in favour of Reginald and his successors;
+and for this the said Reginald gave him one mark, in recognition of the
+concession.  Which agreement was made in the presence of Henry, Abbot of
+Kirkstead, who himself gave to the church of Thymelby all right which he
+had in rent, which he was wont to receive; not however without an
+equivalent, which—being wise in his generation—he was careful to secure;
+for Reginald, in return, gave him a certain sum “to buy a rent in another
+place.”
+
+The worldly wisdom of the same abbot appears again in the following
+Concord: On the morrow of St. Michael, 10 Henry III. (30th Sept. A.D.
+1226); a dispute between Sarah, the wife of Alan de Tymelby, and Henry,
+Abbot of Kirkstead, about a certain meadow in Tymelby, was happily
+settled (it being to the soul’s peril to incur an abbot’s anathema!) by
+the said Sarah giving up all claim to the meadow in favour of the said
+Abbot, and his successors; in recognition of which he gave her one mark.
+
+A gap now occurs in our history, which can only be filled in, for a time,
+by conjecture.  On the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII., the
+possessions of Kirkstead Abbey were granted by him to Charles Brandon,
+Duke of Suffolk; on whose death without issue, they reverted to the
+sovereign, and were re-granted to the Earl of Lincoln, of the Fiennes
+Clinton family, subsequently Dukes of Newcastle.  The Abbey lands in
+Thimbleby are not, so far as we know, specially named in this grant, and
+therefore we are unable to say positively whether that family acquired
+property in Thimbleby or not; but they had undoubtedly property in
+Horncastle and neighbourhood.  For instance the manor of Baumber remained
+in their hands, and Baumber Church continued to be the family burial
+place, until the 3rd Duke of Newcastle, late in the 18th century, sold
+that estate to T. Livesey, Esq.
+
+A few years later, however, we have official evidence that the manor and
+advowson of Thimbleby were vested in the sovereign.  By a deed (a copy of
+which is in the Rector’s possession) dated 10th April, 7 Edward VI. (A.D.
+1553), of the Court of Augmentations, a toft and messuage in Thimbleby
+were granted by the King to John Welcome; also “the lordship and manor of
+Thimblebye, with all its rights, &c., lately belonging to the monastery
+of Kirkstead;” also “the advowson and right of patronage of the Rectory
+and Church of Thymmelbie, aforesaid.”  In the next reign, of Mary, the
+benefice was presented, by the Queen herself, to William Brantinghame,
+being admitted on her nomination 19th Sept., 1554. {171a}
+
+A deed of that reign, dated 6th Feb., 1 and 2 Philip and Mary (1554),
+grants certain lands belonging to the manor of Thimblebie, to Anthony
+Kyme, for 21 years, at 10s. per annum
+
+               [Picture: St. Margaret’s Church, Thimbleby]
+
+Next, in the reign of Elizabeth, a deed dated 9th March, 4 Elizabeth
+(1562), grants certain tofts and lands to John Porter, for 21 years, at a
+rent of 18s. per annum; and finally, by deed dated June 30th, 1564,
+Elizabeth in consideration of the sum of £609 5s. 2d., confirms the above
+grants and leases to William Conyers and William Haber, both of the
+Middle Temple, the patronage of the Rectory, “to be held with the manor
+of Est Grenwich, in the countie of Kent, free of all duty or military
+service.”
+
+After a further hiatus in the parish history, we find another link in the
+records.  The former property of the Thimblebys, of Poolham, and
+elsewhere, had been sold to a member of the Bolles family, in 1600; and
+Mr. Weir {171b} tells us that in the reign of Charles II. the manor of
+Thimbleby belonged to Sir Robert Bolles, of Scampton.  From Liber Regis
+we find that Sir John Bolles presented to the benefice of Thimbleby in
+1697, and doubtless was Lord of the Manor.  This Sir John sold his
+property, and according to the antiquarian, Browne Willis (Ecton’s
+Thesaurus), in the reign of Queen Anne, the patronage of the benefice
+belonged to “Mr. Kercheval”
+
+In 1719 and 1725 John Hockin, Clerk, presented.
+
+In 1720 the manor and advowson were bought by John Hotchkin, Esq., of
+Tixover; and a Thimbleby record, preserved with the registers, shows that
+the Hotchkins have presented from about that time till recently.  In 1767
+(Sept. 10th), Allen Corrance was admitted on the cession of John
+Kercheval, by Thomas Hotchkin, Esq., of Alexton, Co. Leicester.  In 1778
+William Holmes, M.A., was admitted to the rectory by John Hotchkin, Esq.,
+of South Luffenham, on the death of Allen Corrance.  In 1831 (Sept. 21st)
+Robert Charles Herbert Hotchkin, B.A., was instituted at the rectory, on
+the death of William Holmes, on the nomination of Thomas Hotchkin, Esq.,
+of Tixover.  The late T. J. Stafford Hotchkin, Esq., of Woodhall Manor,
+sold his property in Thimbleby and some other parishes in 1872; and the
+advowson of this benefice, then in his gift, was subsequently sold to the
+father of the present Rector, the Rev. C. A. Potter.
+
+There is another name on record, connected with Thimbleby, which we have
+not yet mentioned.  Among a list of the gentry of Lincolnshire, made on
+the Royal Herald’s Visitation of the County, in 1634, which is still
+preserved at the Heralds’ office, is the name of “Robert Frieston, of
+Thimbleby.”  What position he held, or whether he was a land owner, in
+the parish, is not stated, but he ranked with Thomas Cressy (of a very
+old family), of Kirkby-on-Bain; the Dymokes of Scrivelsby, Haltham, and
+Kime; Heneage of Hainton, &c. {172a}
+
+There is a smaller manor in this parish called the Hall-garth, the
+residence attached to which is a picturesque old thatched mansion, with
+an old-time garden, enclosed within high and thick hedges of yew, trimmed
+in Dutch fashion.  It has also a large “stew,” or fish-pond, from which,
+doubtless, in Roman Catholic times, the owners drew their supply of carp
+and tench, for the numerous fast-days then observed.  Old title deeds
+show that this was at one time crown property. {172b}  At a later date it
+was owned by a family named Boulton, who also held land in Stixwould,
+where there is still the slab of a Boulton tomb in the pavement of the
+aisle of the church.
+
+A slab, on the south side of Thimbleby Church, bears the inscription:
+“Here lyeth the body of Michael, the son of Mr. Michael and Elizabeth
+Boulton, buried the 7th of Septemr, 1692, ætatis suæ 7.  His mother the
+28th of May, Anno Dom. 1725, ætat suæ 61.”  The Register has the
+following entries, “1725, Mrs. Boulton, ye wife of Mr. Mich. Boulton,
+buried May 28th.”  “1738, Michael Boulton buried May 8th.”  The last
+entry connected with this family is that of “Michael, son of Michael and
+Mary Boulton,” who was baptized in 1726 and buried in 1767.
+
+These were the ancestors of the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary’s
+Square, Horncastle.  Michael Boulton, in 1719, left 40s. a year, from the
+Hall estate, at Bransby near Stow, for the education of poor children at
+Thimbleby; leaving also a bequest for the poor at Bransby.
+
+At the beginning of the 19th century this manor was held jointly by
+Richard Elmhirst, Esq., of Usselby, and Mr. Thomas Kemp, the latter of
+whom resided at the Old Hall. {173a}  There is a field at the west end of
+the village, now the property of H. N. Coates, Esq., traversed by mounds
+and ditches, which was formerly divided into three separate plots,
+belonging to Elmhirst, Kemp, and Hotchkin.  The Kemps were of an old
+stock.  In the Thimbleby Registers the first mention of them is in 1723,
+{173b} but their name implies a much greater antiquity.  One theory has
+been that they were a Huguenot family, who came over to England at the
+time of the French massacre of Protestants, on St. Bartholomew’s day,
+1572.  Those refugees, in their enforced poverty, prosecuted various
+kinds of useful industries; and the Kemps, it is suggested, acquired
+their name from being kempsters, or comb makers.
+
+But it is probable that the name had a much earlier origin.  Kemp (Saxon
+Cempa) meant a soldier {173c} being connected with the Norman-French and
+modern English “Champion;” and although we might look back with pride to
+forefathers who suffered for their religion, it is pleasanter, if only in
+imagination, to regard them as having been a race of doughty warriors,
+sufficiently distinguished to win a name by their deeds. {173d}
+
+Mr. Thomas Kemp, in the first half of the 19th century, was a wealthy
+bachelor, and added to the Hall-garth estate by the purchase, from time
+to time, of adjacent property.  He lived in some style, with two maiden
+sisters to keep house for him.  By his will the land at Thimbleby passed
+into the possession of his great nephew, Robert Edwin Kemp; another
+nephew, Samuel Harrison Kemp, inheriting most of the personal estate.
+But alas! liveried servants, crests and arms, and other emblems of wealth
+have become things of the past; for when this Robert died the property
+passed to his son, Thomas Kemp, in whose hands the patrimony speedily
+evaporated; and other members of the family are now dispersed, “their
+places knowing them no more,” save as a lingering memory, which will soon
+be gone.
+
+The interesting old hall and the manor were then bought by Reuben
+Roberts, Esq., of Linden House, Horncastle, who resides there in the
+summer.  He also owns other land in the parish.  Other owners are E.
+Hassard, Esq., of Edlington Park; H. N. Coates, Esq., of Langton Manor;
+the trustees of the late Mr. Samuel Goe, and several smaller proprietors.
+Mrs. Tebbutt, of Horncastle, a relict of an old Thimbleby family, whose
+name appears frequently in the parish books, is now Lady of the Manor.
+
+Some 200 yards east of the church and on the south side of the main road
+is a large field, the property of Mr. Henry N. Coates of Langton, which
+is known as “The Butts.”  It has some fine trees, apparently the remains
+of an extensive avenue, which have been more numerous even within living
+memory.  It has been sometimes called “The Park Close,” but the title
+“The Butts” is interesting, as probably indicating that it was formerly
+the site on which (in the words of a rhymer, it may be said):
+
+    England’s archers of old,
+    Village wights true and bold,
+    Unerring in hand and in eye,
+    Learned skill in their craft
+    With yew-bow and shaft,
+    Wand to splinter, or pierce the bull’s-eye.
+
+    And while the youth gay,
+    Rough rivals, essay
+    To rive and riddle each butt,
+    Sage sires stand by,
+    And coy maidens cry,
+    To welcome the winning shot.
+
+    Full many such scene
+    Has been witnessed, I ween,
+    In that whilome time-honoured spot,
+    ’Neath the wide-spreading shade
+    Of the green wood glade
+    Which is still named the “Thimbleby Butt.”
+
+In this “Butts” field rises a spring, which is the source of a small
+runnel, called “Daubeny’s Beck.”  This bearing westward, for some
+distance forms the boundary between the parishes of Thimbleby and
+Langton, then flowing through Woodhall falls into the “Monk’s Beck,” at
+Poolham.  The name “Daubeny” is doubtless a corruption of D’ Albini.  The
+D’ Albinis held the Barony, and built the castle of Belvoir, and had
+other large possessions in this county and elsewhere; the name is not
+uncommon as a field name, &c.  There is a field in Langton called
+“Daubeny’s (_i.e._ D’ Albini’s) Walk.”
+
+In the grounds of Mr. W. A. Crowder, further to the east, near the
+Lincoln “Ramper,” as the highway is locally called, there was found, a
+few years ago, a so-called “Roman” tomb, somewhat rudely constructed of
+blocks of Spilsby sandstone.  Within it was a human skeleton, with bones
+of a dog, a sword, and the head of a spear.  In connection with this, we
+may also mention, that in the Rectory grounds there is an ancient well,
+of great depth, lined also with Spilsby sandstone, and said to be Roman;
+which in the immediate proximity of the Cornucastrum, or Roman fort of
+Banovallum, would not seem to be at all improbable.
+
+An old parish book of Thimbleby, recently shown to the writer, proves the
+care which was taken by the parish officials, before the present poor law
+system was established, to secure the comfort and maintenance of poorer
+parishioners.
+
+At a parish meeting, Nov. 1st, 1819, Thomas Kemp, Churchwarden, in the
+chair, it was ordered that John Sharp’s daughter was to have a gown and
+pettycoat, worsted for two pairs of stockings, and one blue apron.  Four
+boys were to have two smocks each, and eight old people a strike of coals
+each per week.  At another meeting Margaret Day was to have worsted for
+two pairs of socks for her two boys, herself to spin it; and one pair of
+shoes for her daughter.  Robert Kemp, and his son Richard, in order to
+find them work were to be paid 2s. per day, to “gether” stones for the
+parish.
+
+Again, Maria Day’s shoes were to be mended; Mary Atkin to have a pair of
+blankets, and her chamber window put in and thatched.  Benj. Benton one
+pair of shoes, Willm. Adkin a waistcoat.  Mary King’s family four shirts,
+two pairs of shoes, three frocks, three petticoats, and three dabs
+(_i.e._ pinafores).  A pair of breeches for George Skipworth; Willm.
+Skipworth to have a spade.
+
+Again, Mr. Thos. Kemp was “to be allowed £20 for the use of the
+poor-house, to be insured for £200 by the parish, and, when given up to
+be left in the same state.”
+
+At a meeting on 7th August, 1820, Robert Dixon in the chair, it was
+ordered that all paupers receiving assistance should regularly attend
+Divine Service, and on their non-attendance the assistance should be
+stopped.  Mary Todd was to receive her money (which had been stopped)
+having given satisfaction to the vestry for not attending the church.
+Mary Hobbins’ boy to be put to school.  “To get the Lord’s Prayer, and
+the ‘I believe,’ put in the church at the parish expense.”
+
+At a meeting held 27th August, 1830, Thomas Kemp in the chair, it was
+agreed that £75 be borrowed of Mr. Thos. Kemp, to pay Mrs. Farmer’s
+expenses to America, to be repaid by the parish, 30s. weekly, with legal
+interest.  Church rates are now among the “has beens,” but in 1843 a rate
+was passed of “1d. in the pound for the support of the church, and 10d.
+in the pound for the highway repairs.”
+
+In the churchyard, along the south side of the church, are a group of
+gravestones of the Kemp family.  Eastward are several of the Marshall
+family, formerly numerous here, and in the neighbourhood, holding a
+respectable position, but now extinct. {175}  There are also a number of
+tombs of the Todd family, respectable small farmers, resident in the
+parish, from the first notice of a burial, June 24th, 1738, down to
+recent years.  The Tebbuts and Dixons were also resident, as tenants or
+small owners, for many years.
+
+Among the marriage registers, which date from 1695, is the following
+note: “March 23, 1779, a marriage was attempted to be solemnized; but the
+intended bridegroom, to the great surprise of the congregation assembled,
+remaining away, the ceremony, &c. . . .”  The rest is illegible.
+
+We have now to speak of the church.  The present edifice stands on the
+site of a former 14th century church, which, judging by the remains that
+have been found, must have been of much larger dimensions, and consisted
+of nave, two aisles, chancel, and bell tower; the total breadth having
+been 52-ft.  Several fragments of stained glass have, at various times,
+been found in digging graves, showing that this early church, like
+several others in the neighbourhood, had good coloured windows.  This was
+taken down in 1744, and from the materials remaining a small fabric was
+erected in its place, consisting of nave and apsed chancel, with no
+pretensions whatever to architectural beauty.  This (as has been
+generally the case with badly constructed edifices of that period) became
+also, in turn, so decayed that the present Rector, on entering on the
+benefice, decided to rebuild the church once more; and in 1879 the
+present structure was completed at a cost of over £1,000, in the best
+early Decorated style.
+
+It consists of nave, chancel, organ chamber on the south, and an
+octagonal bell turret, designed by the late Mr. James Fowler, the
+Architect, and containing one small modern bell, graven with the date and
+initials of W. Carey, Churchwarden in 1744, {176a} who demolished the old
+church.  The nave has three two-light windows, of the decorated style, in
+the north and south walls; there is a square-headed two-light window in
+the organ chamber; the chancel has a single-light window in the north and
+south walls, with a good east window of three lights, trefoiled, and with
+a triangle of trefoils above.  In the north wall is a credence recess,
+and in the south wall are two stone sedilia.  The tiles within the
+chancel rails are copied from ancient tiles, which were found some years
+ago, at Revesby Abbey.  In the west front, over the door, is a large
+two-light window, and above it a clock, the only village church clock in
+the neighbourhood, by Smith of Derby.  Within the west doorway, let into
+the north wall of the tower basement, is a fragment of an old battlement,
+having a shield in the centre, probably a relic from the original church.
+The font is modern, having a plain octagonal bowl, shaft, and pediment.
+The roof is of pitch pine, the timbers being supported by plain corbels.
+The lectern, chancel stalls, and communion table are of good modern oak
+
+Used as a stile in the south fence of the churchyard is a large slab, on
+which, above ground, is the matrix of a former brass, representing one
+figure, with a broad transverse bar for an inscription, and connecting it
+with other figures, which are now below the ground. {176b}
+
+The church plate includes an interesting paten, presented to the church
+in 1837, by the mother of the late Rector, but bearing hall-marks of
+1727–8, with the letter M and a five-pointed star below.  The chalice is
+still more interesting, as it bears an old Lincoln hall-mark, of date
+about 1570; there are only eight other known examples of this period in
+the county.
+
+The rectory is a commodious house, built in 1839, doubtless on the site
+of the former monastic grange; it stands in an extensive garden,
+embowered among trees of goodly growth.  A fine oil painting at the
+present time adorns the entrance hall.  It is reputed to be by
+Spagnoletto, and was formerly in the monastery of St. Jerome, in Lisbon.
+Its size is 5-ft. by 4-ft., the subject being St. Jerome translating the
+Vulgate scriptures.
+
+
+
+WEST ASHBY.
+
+
+This parish, like High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill and Wood Enderby, was
+formerly a hamlet of Horncastle, of which it adjoins the northern
+boundary.  We find them all coupled together in an extract from the Testa
+de Nevill [folio 348 (556), quoted _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p.
+215] as follows: “The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of Upper
+Thinton, and of Meringes, and of Hinderby, are of the gift of the Lord,”
+_i.e._ the Lord of the Manor.  In _Domesday Book_ it is called Aschebi.
+Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, who owned various lands in
+this neighbourhood, was Lady of this Manor, as well as that of
+Horncastle.  She held here six carucates of land (or about 720 acres),
+besides which there were 45 soc-men, 5 villeins, and 13 bordars, with
+eight carucates (or about 960 acres), and 500 acres of meadow and
+pasture.  (_Domesday_, “Soke of Horncastle.”)
+
+                  [Picture: The Manor House, West Ashby]
+
+_Domesday_ also mentions that the Saxon thane, Chetelburn, who had
+property in Coningsby, Keal, Candlesby, Friskney, and other places in the
+county, had at Ashby “a mill worth 12s. yearly,” a very considerable sum
+in those days.  The manor was afterwards held by the Conqueror himself
+(_Domesday_, “Property of the King”); and it would seem, although there
+is no direct evidence of it, that he bestowed the manor on one of his
+chief favourites, Ranulph de Paganall, who received from his sovereign
+extensive grants in the counties of Somerset, Devon, York, Northampton,
+and Lincoln, {177} including all the lands formerly held by the Saxon
+Merleswain, in this county and elsewhere.  Ranulph Paganall founded (A.D.
+1089) the Priory of the Holy Trinity in York, said to have been built on
+the site of a former Roman heathen temple; one of his family, Helias
+Pagnall, being subsequently Prior of this institution, and Canon of
+Selby.  When the present Church of the Holy Trinity was restored in 1904,
+among other ancient monuments, was found the slab of the tomb of Ralph
+Ranulph, which is still preserved in the church, along with sculptures
+commemorative of St. Benedict, St. Martin of Tours, Prior Helias, and
+others. {178a}
+
+Ranulph, by charter of that date, endowed the abbey with two-thirds of
+the tithes of Ashby; which was further confirmed by charters of 1100,
+1125, and 1179.  This Ranulph Paganall was Sheriff of Yorkshire.  The
+last known representative of his family was William Paganall, summoned to
+Parliament as a Baron in the reign of Edward III.  Dugdale states {178b}
+that the Priory of the Holy Trinity was made, by its founder, a
+dependency or cell of the greater monastery (marmonstier) of the above,
+St. Martin in Touraine; and by the Inquisition, taken at York, 34 Ed. I.,
+it was found that he claimed no portion of the temporalities of the
+Priory, beyond the right to place an official there, during the vacancy
+of the priorate, as temporary custodian.  The name Paganall became in
+later times softened into Paynell; they were at one time Lords of
+Bampton.
+
+At a later period the manor of Ashby, probably with that of Horncastle,
+belonged to Gerard de Rhodes and his descendant, Ralph; since in a
+Charter Roll of 14 Henry III. (pt. i, M. 12), we find that King’s
+confirmation of a grant, made by the said Ralph, to Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle, of “the manor of Horncastle, with the soke, and the advowsons
+of the churches, and all other things pertaining to the same in all
+places,” evidently including the churches of the hamlets as well as that
+of the town.  Among the witnesses to this are Gervase, Archdeacon of
+Carlisle; and Henry de Capella; the latter name being noticeable because,
+as will be seen below, Ashby was called “Capella.” {178c}
+
+The Abbey of Kirkstead had a grange in Ashby, which after the dissolution
+of the monasteries, was granted in the 5th year of Edward VI., to William
+Cecil, Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer of England; this is now part of
+the Ashby Thorpe estate. {178d}  In 1820 this was the property of Mr.
+Joseph Rinder.  It is now partly owned by the Booth family, and partly by
+the Smedley trustees.
+
+The parish is still divided into Far Thorpe, Church Thorpe, and Middle
+Thorpe.  Far Thorpe included the farms held by the late Mr. Griffin and
+Mr. Addison.  Mr. Wattam’s house, which is moated, was the old Midthorpe
+Hall.  As being a hamlet of Horncastle, the benefice was formerly called
+Ashby “Capella,” or the Ashby Chapelry; and like Horncastle, Wood
+Enderby, High Toynton, and Mareham is given in “Liber Regis” as in the
+patronage of the Bishop of Carlisle.  Until recently it was a perpetual
+curacy, in value about £50 a year; but about 30 years ago, on the
+enfranchisement of certain episcopal lands, the Ecclesiastical
+Commissioners endowed it to the extent of £300 a year, and built a
+substantial vicarage.  The patronage is now with the Lord Chancellor by
+exchange with Kirk Oswald, Cumberland.
+
+The church, All Saints, is of considerable size, being one of the largest
+village churches in the neighbourhood, mainly in the Perpendicular style,
+and substantially built, consisting of tower, nave, and chancel, the two
+latter of the same elevation throughout.  The tower has three old bells,
+and a peal of eight tubular bells.  Gervase Holles gives the inscriptions
+on the bells as being:
+
+1.  Sit nomen Domini benedictum.
+
+2.  Intonat e cælis vox campana Michaelis.
+
+3.  Sum rosa pulsata Mundi Maria vocata.
+
+One of these was, some years ago, re-cast; and now bears the inscription
+“voco ad templum, date 1759.”
+
+The main features of the church are as follows: the porch arch is
+semi-circular, Norman, the west window in the tower is unusually high,
+12-ft. by 4-ft. in width, of three lights.  The north aisle has four
+bays.  The nave, in the south wall, has two three-light windows, the
+western one perpendicular and having pointed arch, the eastern square
+headed.  In the north wall there is a three-light debased decorated
+window.  In the west wall of the north aisle is a two-light window of
+coloured glass, in memory of Augustus Elmhirst; and in its eastern wall
+is a three-light memorial window to his sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Ruck
+Keene.  In the south wall of the chancel are two late four-centre
+two-light windows; and in the north wall a three-light flamboyant window.
+Gervase Holles mentions a north chancel window having “sa. a crosse
+between 4 cinquefoyles arg. . . .,” {179} but this has disappeared.  The
+east window is modern, with three lights.  A new window was erected, in
+1907, in the north aisle (corresponding to a window inserted in 1905, in
+memory of General and Mrs. Elmhirst), by Mr. H. R. Elmhirst, to the
+memory of his late wife, Lilian Frances, nee Hatfeild; the artists were
+Powell and Sons; the subject Faith, Hope and Love represented by three
+figures.
+
+                [Picture: All Saints’ Church, West Ashby]
+
+The communion table has a very handsome cover, with red frontal,
+elaborately embroidered with old Roman work.  A carved wooden reredos has
+recently been presented by Col. and Mrs. Stack.  On a tablet on the north
+wall is an elaborate inscription, in memory of Lieutenant Richard
+Calthrop, who was killed at the siege of Algiers; erected by his mother
+and 10 surviving brothers and sisters; who are said to have lived to the
+remarkable average age of 85 years.  There are various tablets
+commemorative of the families of Rockliffe, Drewry, Pierce and Elmhirst.
+There is a north door, as well as south, to the nave.  The font is a
+plain octagonal one, perpendicular in style.
+
+The church was restored and reseated in 1873; the tower being renovated
+in memory of Mrs. Barnard, otherwise known as “Claribel,” a well-known
+musical composer, connected with the Elmhirst family.  It is lofty and
+massive, surmounted by four high pinnacles and large gurgoyles at the
+angles.
+
+The register dates from 1561. {180a}  The communion plate consists of a
+cup, with inscription “Ashby Chappell, 1758;” a paten presented by
+“Elizabeth Pierce, Christmas Day, 1841,” and flagon, given by the same,
+in 1859.  She was the wife of the Vicar of that day, the Rev. W. M.
+Pierce, and an authoress.  In the churchyard are the tombstones of John
+Thistlewood and his wife; he was brother of the Cato Street conspirator,
+and died at Louth, having formerly resided at Ashby and Wispington.
+
+The late William Elmhirst, Esq., bought the lands here formerly belonging
+to the Bishops of Carlisle, and erected a handsome and substantial
+residence, in well-wooded grounds; which in later years passed by
+purchase to the Booth family, by whom it, and the estates attached, are
+now owned.  It is at present occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Newstead.  The
+Elmhirsts are at present represented by H. R. Elmhirst, Esq., son of the
+late General Charles Elmhirst, C.B., who resides at The Grove.
+
+
+
+HIGH TOYNTON.
+
+
+High Toynton is situated about 1½ miles from Horncastle, in an easterly
+direction, on the road to Partney and Spilsby.  It would seem to have
+been formerly, like West Ashby, an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle.
+The old record {180b} says (as already quoted under West Ashby) “The
+church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of Upper Thinton, and of
+Maringes (Mareham), and of Hinderby, are of the gift of the lord,” _i.e._
+the Lord of the Manor.  As thus not being a separate manor, it is barely
+more than mentioned in _Domesday Book_, where it is called Todintune, and
+Tedingtone.  Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, would be Lady of
+the Manor; but William the Conqueror took possession and held lands here,
+in demesne, with tenants and dependants.
+
+That the manor afterwards, along with that of Horncastle, became the
+property of Gerard de Rhodes, is shewn by the following peculiar
+circumstances.  In a Feet of Fines, at Lincoln, 9 Henry III., No. 52, it
+is recorded that an agreement was arranged in the King’s Court at
+Westminster, (3 Feb., A.D. 1224–5), between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina
+his wife, plaintiffs, and Ralph de Rhodes, a descendant of Gerard,
+defendant, whereby certain lands in Upper Tynton, Mareham, and other
+places, were recognized by the plaintiffs as the property of Ralph de
+Rhodes; they receiving, in lieu thereof, 100½ acres of land, and 11 acres
+of meadow, with appurtenances, all in Upper Tynton.  These lands are
+further specified by name, as 24 acres next Graham (_i.e._ Greetham), 12
+acres in culture called “Hethoten acre” (_i.e._ Heath of ten acres), 9
+acres of land in “Pesewang” (_i.e._ Peas-field), 5½ acres in “Sex acre,”
+7 acres in Leir-mewang (or low mead-field), 4 acres in culture of Lange
+landes, 6 acres in Whetewang (_i.e._ wheat-field), and 10 acres in
+Kruncewang (_qy._ crown’s-field?); and further plots not specially named.
+The peculiar feature however of their tenure was, that they and their
+heirs were “to have and to hold the said lands for ever . . . rendering
+therefor by the year one pair of gilt spurs, or 6d., at Easter, for all
+service and exaction.”
+
+          [Picture: St. John the Baptist’s Church, High Toynton]
+
+A Pipe Roll (14 Henry III., Lincoln) states that “Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle, holds certain lands hereditarily of the aforesaid Ralph de
+Rhodes;” and in a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Edward III., 2nd
+Nrs., No. 29 (1360), mention is made of “Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, and John his younger brother, and their heirs,” as tenants of
+the Manor of Horncastle, “and of lands in Over Tynton,” which they “hold
+of the said Bishop.”  These were scions of the wealthy family of the
+Thimblebyies, Lords of Poolham, and other estates.  One of them married a
+daughter and co-heir of Sir William Fflete, Knt.; another married a
+daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys; this Sir Walter being the son of Henry
+Tailboys and his wife, Alianora, daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon and
+his wife, Elizabeth, sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of
+Angus.
+
+By a Close Roll, 20 Henry VII. (part 2 [No. 367] No. 33), it appears that
+Sir Thomas Dymmok, Knight, had recently purchased lands in Over Tynton,
+Nether Tynton, Maring next Horncastle, and other parishes; which he
+granted to his son Leo, and his heirs for ever.
+
+Further, by a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII., No. 61, it
+is found that Humphrey Conyngesby, Sergeant at Law, and others instituted
+a suit on behalf of William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to
+them the Manor of (apparently Upper) Taunton, the advowson of the church
+of Nether Taunton, about 2,700 acres of various land, and the rent of 4½
+quarters of salt in Over Taunton, Nether Taunton, Tetford, and other
+parishes.
+
+The Manor, with that of Horncastle, continued for a long period in the
+hands of the Bishops of Carlisle; who were patrons of the benefice until
+the creation of a bishopric of Manchester, in 1848, when their patronage
+in this neighbourhood was transferred to that See.  The Manor, however,
+with that of Horncastle, had previously passed to Sir Joseph Banks, and
+came eventually to his successors, the Stanhopes.  The benefice, until
+late years, was a very poor one, being a perpetual curacy, annexed to
+Mareham-on-the-Hill; their joint annual value being £160, without a
+residence.  But when the episcopal property (the Bishop being Rector) was
+transferred to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, they, with the aid of
+Queen Anne’s Bounty, raised the joint benefices to £300 a year; and in
+1869 erected a good residence at Toynton, now occupied by the Vicar, the
+Rev. W. Shaw.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was formerly a very mean
+structure, dating from the 18th century (1772), in the worst of styles,
+with wooden-framed windows, of large square panes of glass, and having a
+flat whitewashed ceiling.  The timbers of this had become so decayed that
+a former curate-in-charge, mounting to the false roof, to examine them,
+fell through, among the square pews below.  This incident led, not too
+soon, to the rebuilding of the fabric, at a cost of more than £1,200 in
+1872, on the site of the previous building, as also of an original 13th
+century edifice.  The present church is a substantial and neat structure
+in the early English style, thoroughly well kept, and with several
+pleasing features.  It consists of nave, chancel, and porch, with tower
+and low spire.  The nave has, in the north wall, two single-light narrow
+pointed windows, and at its eastern end a two-light window, having a
+quatrefoil above.  In the south wall there is one single-light and one
+two-light window, corresponding to the above; the porch, taking place of
+a window at its western end.
+
+The two-light window in the north wall has coloured glass, with various
+devices, one being a small copy of the famous Descent from the Cross, by
+Rubens, in Antwerp Cathedral; another the Royal Arms, with the initials
+V.R. below, and date 1848.  The corresponding two-light window in the
+south wall has coloured glass “In memory of Eliza, wife of the Rev. T.
+Snead Hughes, late Vicar, she died March 9, 1872, aged 57.”  The subjects
+in the two lights are the Ascension of our Lord, and the three women at
+the sepulchre, with an angel pointing upward.  In the west wall of the
+nave are two pointed windows beneath a cusped circlet, all filled with
+coloured glass; the lower subjects being John the Baptist preaching in
+the wilderness, and the baptism of our Lord by John in the Jordan; the
+upper subject is the angel appearing to Zachariah; all three having
+reference to the patron saint of the church.  An inscription states that
+these are a memorial to the late Mark Harrison and his wife Ann, erected
+by their family.
+
+The font is of stone, octagonal, having four different kinds of crosses
+on the alternate faces, a circular shaft ending in octagon, and on
+octagonal pediment.  Within the south porch, over the outer and inner
+doorways are old fragments of massive zigzag pattern, all that remains of
+a whilom Norman structure.  The modern doorway arch, externally, has a
+dog-tooth moulding, with floriated finials.  The tower, over the porch,
+is square below, octagonal above, with small lancet windows in each face,
+and is surmounted by a low spire; it contains one bell.  The roof and
+sittings are of pitchpine.
+
+The chancel arch is of massive stone, plain, and of wide span.  In the
+east wall of the chancel are three narrow windows, the central higher
+than the other two; they have good coloured glass by Clayton and Bell.
+Beneath is a handsome reredos of Caen stone, erected in memory of the
+late Mr. Thomas Terrot Taylor.  It has one large central device, the
+Agnus Dei within a circle, and on each side four divisions, containing a
+dove with olive leaf, Fleur de Lys, ears of corn, a passion flower, vine
+leaves and grapes, a crown, a rose, and a conventional flower.  On each
+side are memorial tablets of the Ball family.  In the south wall is a
+brass tablet in memory of Mr. Taylor, and a small pointed window.  In the
+north wall is a doorway leading to the vestry.  Within the vestry,
+lighted by a similar small pointed window, are three more Ball tablets,
+and a priest’s door.  In the centre of the nave floor, close to the
+chancel step, is a large slab “In memory of the Rev. William Robinson, 22
+years Incumbent, who died May 8, 1830, aged 56.”  The register only dates
+from 1715, and contains no entries of special interest.
+
+In a List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln, it is shewn
+that in 1562, on the resignation of the then Vicar, one John Howsone,
+Michael West, Clerk, was appointed to this vicarage, along with that of
+Nether Toynton, by Richard Bertie, Esq., the ancestor of the present Earl
+of Ancaster.  This was probably by some private arrangement with the
+Bishop of Carlisle, as the Berties (as the Willoughbys are now) were
+patrons of Low Toynton, but not of Upper, or High, Toynton.  He was
+instituted to the two benefices on July 9th of that year.
+
+
+
+MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL.
+
+
+Of this parish, ecclesiastically annexed to High Toynton, little can be
+said.  The name was anciently written Maringes, {183a} or Marun {183b};
+the former probably from the low “marish,” or marsh, “ings,” _i.e._
+meadows, the suffix being the Saxon “ham,” a homestead.  It lies about
+two miles south-east from Horncastle, connected with High Toynton by
+footpath, and bridle road, across the fields barely a mile in length, but
+for carriages a detour of more than double that distance has to be made.
+
+This parish, like High Toynton and West Ashby, is in the soke of
+Horncastle.  In _Domesday Book_ it is stated that the manor comprised 3
+carucates, or about 360 acres of land, with 21 soc-men and 11 bordars,
+{183c} who had four carucates, or about 480 acres; there were further 60
+acres of meadow, and, what no longer exists, 300 acres of underwood;
+which was a very large proportion, considering that in Scrivelsby, now a
+well wooded estate, closely adjoining, there were at that time only six
+acres of underwood.
+
+Sir Lionel Dymoke, a scion of the Scrivelsby family, once resided in this
+parish.  His will, dated 15th April, 1512, is a good specimen of the
+orthography of the period.  The following are portions of it: “I leon
+Dymoke of maryng of the hill in the Countie of lincolne knyght being of
+good and hoole mynde make and ordigne my testament and Last will in forme
+following | First I bequeathe my soule to almyghty god and to the blessid
+virgine his mother seint Mary and to all the holy Company of heven | And
+forasmoch as no man is certeine of the houre of dethe nor what place he
+shall die in and nothyng so certeine as dethe | and for as moch as I by
+the kyngℓ pleasure shall goo in hys warrys in the parties by yonde the
+see | Therefore my body to be buryed where it shall please almyghty god |
+Also that I will that my Executours for the helth of my soule in as hasty
+tyme as they may after my deceas paye or do to be paid all and singler my
+detts . . .  Also I bequethe and gyve to the Church warke of Maryng of al
+halowes vjs viijd and to the highe aulter there for tythes and oblacions
+forgoten xxd and to seint Jamys gild of maryng xxd . . .  Also I gyve and
+bequethe to the Convent of the black Freris of Boston for a trentall
+{184a} to be song for me and all Christen Soules xs,” &c., &c.  On 17th
+August, 1519 (when he was apparently on his death bed), witnesses certify
+that he added a codicil to be annexed, “saying these words in his mother
+tongue.  I will that Sr John Heron knyght have my landes in nethertynton
+whether I lyve or dye . . . and if my wif or myne executōs thynk there be
+any thyng expressed in my wille oute of goode ordre I will it be reformed
+by Anne my wif as she and they thynke most pleasure to god profytt for my
+soule.” {184b}
+
+As to the owners of the demesne nothing further is told us; but since in
+Testa de Nevill, already quoted, it is stated that “the churches of
+Horncastre, Askeby, Upper Thinton, Maringes, &c., are of the gift of the
+Lord.”  Gerard de Rhodes was, doubtless, at one time, the common Lord of
+all those manors, as well as his descendant Ralph de Rhodes.  Mr. Weir
+states that the manor at a later period belonged to Edward Marsh,
+Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county of Lincoln; by a descendant of
+whom it was sold to William Hudson, Esquire, of Gray’s Inn.  In 1659 it
+was sold to one Duncombe, of whom it was purchased in 1688 by Sir Edmund
+Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight; in whose family it still continues.
+Other proprietors are Richard Ward, Esq., and Dr. Parkinson.
+
+In _Domesday Book_ there is mention of “a church and priest,” the latter,
+therefore, being doubtless resident in the parish; although for many
+years there has been no residence for an incumbent.  In 1830 the benefice
+was held, with High Toynton, by the Rev. E. R. H. G. Palmer, a relative
+of Viscount Halifax, who resided in Horncastle; in 1863 by the Rev. Isaac
+Hall, who did the same; and it was not till 1869 that a residence was
+erected at High Toynton for the united benefices.
+
+Of the church, All Saints, we can only say that it stands in a good
+position, on high ground; that its walls are substantial, but that its
+style is of the meanest; it having been rebuilt in the early part of the
+19th century (1813); and beyond a piscina, now in the north wall, it has
+no features of interest; having wooden-framed windows, square painted
+pews, walls whitewashed within and without, and a flat ceiling.  It
+greatly needs renovation, being now almost a solitary representative, in
+the neighbourhood, of that very worst period of architectural decadence.
+With fairly good sandstone in the present walls, and probably more in the
+foundations of an earlier church, to be exhumed, and an abundance _in
+situ_ not far away, restoration, or even re-erection, might be effected,
+at a moderate outlay.
+
+The one bell hangs in a shabby bell turret.  While repairs were being
+carried out in 1813 two nobles of Edward IV., two angels of Henry VII.,
+and several silver coins of different reigns, contained in a leathern
+purse, were found concealed in the wall. {185a}
+
+
+
+LOW TOYNTON.
+
+
+Low Toynton lies about a mile from Horncastle to the north-east.  It is
+approached through rich meadows, watered by the river Waring. {185b}  The
+Rector is the Rev. J. W. Bayldon, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.  Overseers, G. E. Read and W. Scholey.  Letters _via_
+Horncastle arrive at 8.30.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small structure with no
+pretention to architectural beauty, and almost entirely covered with ivy.
+It was rebuilt in 1811, a period when architectural taste was at its
+lowest ebb, and barbarisms in stone, brick, and mortar were very
+generally perpetrated.  It was re-seated in 1863, during the incumbency
+of the Rev. E. M. Chapman.  It consists of chancel, nave, vestry, and
+open belfry containing one bell.  The chancel arch is the only remnant of
+a former Norman structure.  The font is apparently a 14th century one,
+almost a replica of that in Huttoft Church, which is engraved in _Lincs.
+Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p. 225.  The bowl is octagonal, its faces
+filled with figures representing the Holy Trinity, the virgin and child,
+and the 12 apostles.  The bowl is joined to the shaft by angelic figures
+round the lower part of it.  The octagonal shaft has figures of St. Paul,
+Mary Magdalen, a bishop with chalice, another with scourge, and other
+subjects much mutilated, at the base are the winged lion, ox, man, and
+eagle, emblematical of the evangelists.  The walls of the church are
+relieved by some coloured designs, and borders of ecclesiastical
+patterns, running round the windows, &c., originally executed by that
+genuine artist the late Rev. C. P. Terrot, Vicar of Wispington.  These
+decorations have been recently (1898) renewed by Mr. C. Hensman, of
+Horncastle, when the church was thoroughly repaired, both inside and out;
+new panelling placed in the nave, and a new window in the vestry; and in
+the following year (1899) a new harmonium was purchased from Messrs.
+Chappell and Co., London.
+
+The east window is filled with modern coloured glass, the subjects being
+the Transfiguration, the Crucifixion, and the Ascension.  On the sill of
+the east window are placed, over the communion table, two handsomely
+carved old oak candlesticks, presented by the Rev. C. P. Terrot.  On the
+north wall of the nave there is a small oval brass tablet, which was
+found in 1888, face downwards in the vestry floor.  It bears the
+following inscription: “Here lyeth the body of Edward Rolleston, Esquir,
+who departed this life the 23rd of July, in the thirtey-fourth year of
+his age; interr’d underneath this place the 4th of August, A.D. 1687.”
+As 12 days elapsed between death and burial it is probable that he died
+abroad.  The manor and whole parish, except the glebe, still belongs to
+the Rolleston family; the benefice being in the patronage of the Earl of
+Ancaster.
+
+In the floor of the chancel are two memorial slabs, one of the Rev. R.
+Spranger, D.C.L., late Rector of Low Toynton and Creeton, who enlarged
+the rectory house, and was a munificent benefactor to the neighbourhood.
+Among other good deeds he built the bridge over the river Waring, on the
+road from Low Toynton to Horncastle. {186}  He was a member of a family
+of some distinction; had a residence in London, as well as his rectory
+here; he was popularly said to drive the handsomest pair of horses in
+London; and there exists a portrait in oil of an ancestor, Chancellor
+Spranger, in one of the great galleries in Florence.  Dr. Spranger was an
+intimate friend of J. Keble, the author of _The Christian Year_, and his
+son the Rev. Robert J. Spranger, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, spent
+the greater part of his life in Mr. Keble’s parish, Hursley, Hants, as a
+voluntary assistant in his clerical work.
+
+The companion slab marks the last resting place of another rector, the
+Rev. J. Hutchinson, who died in 1788.  His history is singular.  Although
+well educated, he enlisted as a private in the army for foreign service;
+a commission however was subsequently obtained for him by his friends.
+He presently became attached to a lady who refused to marry a soldier.
+He then determined to take holy orders.  Chance threw him in the way of a
+party of gentlemen at Manchester, one of them being the agent of Lord
+Willoughby.  The latter stated that he had it in power, at that moment,
+to bestow a benefice, and that he would give it to anyone who could solve
+for him a particular problem.  Mr. Hutchinson succeeded in doing this,
+and was eventually appointed Rector of Low Toynton.  He held it, however,
+only 18 months, dying at an early age.  Whether he married the lady is
+not stated.
+
+In the List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln, it is
+recorded that in 1562 Michael West, Clerk, was appointed Rector of Nether
+Toynton and Vicar of Upper Toynton, by Richard Bertie, Esq., ancestor of
+the Earl of Ancaster.  This must have been by some private arrangement
+with the Bishop of Carlisle, who was patron of High Toynton; the Berties
+(as the Willoughbies are now) being only patrons of Low Toynton.  From
+Liber Regis we learn that the Earl of Lindsey appointed to the benefice
+in 1692, the Duke of Ancaster in 1778, Sir Peter Burrell and Lady
+Willoughby d’ Eresby in 1783.
+
+The register dates from 1585.  Under date 1717, Feb. 2nd, occurs the
+following entry: “Robert Willy, of Upper Toynton, did penance in the
+parish church of Lower Toynton, for the heinous and great sin of
+adultery.”  A note in the baptismal register states that on July 18th,
+1818, Bishop George (Tomline) confirmed at Horncastle 683 candidates,
+among them being five from Low Toynton.  Confirmations were not held so
+frequently then as they now are.  In this parish Mr. Thomas Gibson, Vicar
+of Horncastle, when turned out of his preferment by the Puritans, lived
+for some “two years but poorly, teaching a few pupils.”
+
+Little is known of the early history of this parish or of its
+proprietors.  In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 11 Henry VII., No.
+123, taken at Partney, after the death of Isabella, wife of Richard
+Sapcote, Knight, the said Isabella is declared by the jurors to have died
+seized of the Manor of Nether Toynton, and of the advowson; and Joan,
+wife of William Nevill, of Rolleston, Notts., and others are declared to
+be daughters and heirs of the said Isabella; she herself being kinswoman
+and heir of William Plesington, son of Henry Plesington, Knight. {187a}
+
+In a list of Lincolnshire names contained in the visitation of 1665–6, by
+William Dugdale, Esq., are Agnes Goodrick, daughter of Robert Goodrick,
+of Toynton, and Bridget and Elizabeth Rolston, daughters of Edward
+Rolston, of Toynton. {187b}
+
+                [Picture: St. Peter’s Church, Low Toynton]
+
+By a Chancery Inquisition of 38 Henry VIII. (1546), it was found that
+Thomas Dymoke, Esq., was seized of land in Over Toynton, Nether Toynton,
+Maring-upon the-Hill, and other parishes; and by an Inquisition of 36
+Elizabeth, it was found that Robert Dymock, Esq., was seized of the
+Manors of ffuletby and Belchforde, and lands in Horncastle, Nether
+Tointon and Upper Tointon, and several other parishes.  He died without
+issue 13th Sept., 1594, and his only sister, Anne, widow of Charles
+Bolle, of Haugh, succeeded to his property in Nether Toynton and
+elsewhere; and thus the connection of the Dymokes with Low Toynton
+ceased. {187c}
+
+There is rather a curious feature in the following record.  By a Chancery
+Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII., No. 61, it is found that Humphrey
+Conyngsby, Sergeant at Law, and others, instituted a suit on behalf of
+William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to them, among other
+properties, “the advowson of Nether Taunton, and the rent of 4½ quarters
+of salt, in Nether Taunton, Over Taunton, and other parishes.”
+
+We now find another ancient name connected with this parish.  The
+Newcomens (originally Le Newcomen, or the newcomer) of Saltfleetby, were
+one of our oldest Lincolnshire families.  They are named in Yorke’s
+“Union of Honour,” and their pedigrees given in four Lincolnshire
+Visitations.  The number of branches into which the race spread is
+remarkable. {188a}  Andrew Newcomen lived in the time of Richard I.,
+resident at Saltfleetby, where the headquarters of the family continued
+for many generations.  Robert Newcomen (1304) married Alice, daughter of
+Sir William Somercotes, Knight.  His son, also Robert, married Margaret,
+daughter of Sir William Hardingshall, Knight.  Another Robert (1452)
+married Joane, daughter of Robert Craycroft, of Craycroft Hall.  A
+daughter Katharine, of Brian Newcomen, married (1559) George Bolle, of
+Haugh, a family already mentioned as, a few years later, connected with
+Low Toynton.  In 1540 we find Richard Newcomen residing at Nether
+Toynton.  By his will, dated 3rd Sept., 1540, he requests that he may be
+buried in the church of St. Peter, Nether Toynton.  He appoints the right
+worshipful Edward Dymoke, supervisor.  His grandson, Samuel Newcomen, of
+Nether Toynton, married Frances, daughter of Thomas Massingberd, of
+Braytoft Hall, M.P. for Calais (1552).  This branch of the family seems
+to have died out in the person of Thomas Newcomen (1592); {188b} but
+other branches spread over the neighbourhood, and were established at Bag
+Enderby, East Kirkby, Withern, and other places, and flourished
+throughout the 17th century.  Another Newcomen early in the 18th century
+married a daughter of Sir Robert Barkham, Bart.
+
+A renewal of connection with Low Toynton was made when the widow of
+Nicholas Newcomen married, circa 1700, the Honble. Charles Bertie, son of
+Robert, 4th Earl of Lindsey, patron of the benefice of Nether Toynton.
+Arthur Bocher, Esq., of Low Toynton, was in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of
+1536, being brother-in-law of Thomas Moygne, one of the leaders in the
+movement.
+
+Thus the parish of Low Toynton has had residents, proprietors, and
+rectors, to whom its present inhabitants may look back with some degree
+of pride and pleasure, although “their place now knoweth them no more.”
+
+
+
+ROUGHTON.
+
+
+This village stands on the west bank of the river Bain, about 4 miles to
+the south of Horncastle.  It is bounded on the north by Thornton and
+Martin, on the east by Haltham and Dalderby, on the south by
+Kirkby-on-Bain, and on the west by Kirkstead, Kirkby, and Woodhall.  The
+area is 1020 acres, rateable value £945, population 137, entirely
+agricultural.  The soil is loam, on kimeridge clay, with “Bain terrace”
+gravel deposits.
+
+The nearest railway stations are at Horncastle and Woodhall Spa, each
+about four miles distant.  There is an award and map of Haltham and
+Roughton in the parish, and a copy at the County Council office, Lincoln.
+Three roads meet in the middle of the village, one from Horncastle, one
+to Woodhall Spa and Kirkstead, one to Kirkby-on-Bain, Coningsby and
+Tattershall.
+
+Sir Henry Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in the adjoining parish of
+Kirkby, is Lord of the Manor, but Lady Hartwell (daughter of the late Sir
+Henry Dymoke, the King’s Champion), and the executors of the Clinton
+family (now Clinton Baker) and the Rector own most of the soil; there
+being a few small proprietors.  Roughton Hall, the property of Lady
+Hartwell, is occupied by F. G. Hayward, Esq.
+
+The register dates from 1564.  Peculiar entries are those of 43 burials
+for the years 1631–2, including those of the Rector and his two
+daughters, who died within a few days of each other; this was from the
+visitation called “The Plague,” or the “Black Death.”  For some years
+before 1657 only civil marriages were valid in law, and Judge Filkin is
+named in the register as marrying the Rector of Roughton, John Barcroft,
+to Ann Coulen.  In 1707 Mary Would is named as overseer of the parish, it
+being very unusual at that period for women to hold office.  Another
+entry, in the overseer’s book, needs an explanation.  “Simon Grant, for 1
+day’s work of bages, 2s. 6d.;” and again, “Simon flint, for 1 day’s work
+of bages, 2s. 6d.”  “Bage” was the turf, cut for burning; in this case
+being cut from the “church moor,” for the church fire.  It was severe
+labour, often producing rupture of the labourer’s body, hence the high
+pay.
+
+There is a charity named the “Chamerlayne Dole,” of 10s., given yearly to
+the poor, left by Martha Chamerlayn in 1702.  It is a charge upon a
+cottage and garden owned by Mr. T. Jackson, of Horncastle.
+
+The National School was established about 1860, in a building erected in
+1834 as a Wesleyan Chapel.  It was enlarged in 1872 and 1879.  It is
+supported by a voluntary rate.
+
+The Church, St. Margaret’s, is of no architectural beauty, being built of
+brick and sandstone.  It consists of nave and chancel, with castellated
+tower, having one bell, also castellated parapets at the north and south
+corners of the east chancel wall.  The font is Norman, circular, with
+circular pediment, having an old oak octagonal cover, cupola shaped,
+plain except slight carving round the rim.  The fabric was newly roofed
+in 1870, when it was fitted with good open benches, the chancel paved
+with encaustic tiles, and the windows partly filled with stained glass;
+there are fragments of a former carved rood screen, the pulpit being of
+plain old oak.
+
+In the chancel is a lengthy inscription, commemorative of Norreys Fynes;
+Esq., of Whitehall, in the adjoining parish of Martin.  He was grandson
+of Sir Henry Clinton, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Lincoln, by his second
+wife, daughter of Sir Richard Morrison, and mother of Francis, Lord
+Norreys, afterwards Earl of Berkshire.  He was a non-juror.  He died
+January 10th, 1735–6, aged 74.  There is a murial tablet to the memory of
+the Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, who died in 1798; another to Charles
+Pilkington, Esq., who died in 1798, and Abigail, his wife, who died in
+1817.
+
+The benefice is a discharged rectory, united to that of Haltham in 1741,
+and now held by the Rev. H. Spurrier, the patron being his son the Rev.
+H. C. M. Spurrier.  The two benefices together are valued at £450 a year.
+There is a good rectory house.  The church plate is modern.  The village
+feast was discontinued about 50 years ago.
+
+Peculiar field names are the Low Ings, Bottom Slabs, Carr Bottom, Church
+Moor, Honey Hole, Wong, Well-syke, Long Sand, Madam Clay, Sewer Close.
+{190a}
+
+As to the early history of Roughton, _Domesday Book_ gives it among the
+possessions of William the Conqueror, and also as belonging to Robert
+Despenser, his powerful steward, who probably held it under the king.  A
+Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 22 Richard II., No. 13, A.D. 1399,
+shows that Ralph de Cromwell, jointly with his wife Matilda, held the
+adjoining Manor of Tumby, with appurtenances in Roughton and elsewhere.
+While another Inquisition of 13 Henry VII., No. 34, shows that the said
+Matilda died, “seised in fee tail of the same lands.” {190b}
+
+In the reign of Elizabeth a family of Eastwoods resided here, since the
+name of Andrew Eastwood, of Roughton, appears in the list (published by
+T. C. Noble) of those gentry who contributed £25 to the Armada Fund.
+Other documents shew that at different periods the hall has been occupied
+by members of various county families, as Fynes (already named),
+Wichcote, Heneage, Dymoke, Pilkington, and Beaumont.
+
+The register has the following entries, probably written by an illiterate
+parish clerk, “An the wife of Will. Hennag, was buered ye 9 of Feberery,
+1729.”  “Madame Elizabeth fines was buered May ye 29, 1730.”
+
+Gervase Holles gives the following arms as existing in the church in his
+day.
+
+              _Fenestra Australis Cancelli_.
+
+G. 3 lyons passant gardant, or . . .               England
+
+Verry a fesse G. fretty, or . . .                  Marmyon
+
+Argent, a plaine crosse B. . . .
+
+Or, a lyon rampant purpure. . . .                     Lacy
+
+Chequy or and G., a chiefe ermyne . . .          Tateshall
+
+                     _In Campanili_.
+
+Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt., with
+girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, and neuf or. . . {190c}
+
+HALTHAM.
+
+
+This village is distant from Horncastle between four and five miles in a
+southerly direction, lying on the east side of the river Bain.  It is
+bounded on the north by Dalderby and Scrivelsby, on the south by Kirkby
+and its hamlet of Fulsby, on the east by Scrivelsby, Wood Enderby and
+Wilksby, and on the west by Roughton.  The area is 2380 acres, rateable
+value £1198.  The soil is loam, with kimeridge clay below, and gravel
+deposits.  Population 121, mainly agricultural.
+
+The main roads lead to Dalderby, Scrivelsby, and Horncastle, to Kirkby,
+Mareham-le-Fen, Coningsby, and Tattershall, and to Wood Enderby, Wilksby,
+and Revesby.  The nearest railway station is at Horncastle.
+
+The Lord of the Manor was formerly the Champion Dymoke of Scrivelsby
+Court, but the late Rev. John Dymoke sold his estate in this parish, and
+the manor is now the property of Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn,
+in the adjoining parish of Kirkby; W. H. Trafford, Esq., owning the
+remainder, except 150 acres of glebe.
+
+The benefice was united to that of Roughton in 1741, the two being now of
+the yearly value of £450, and held by the Rev. H. Spurrier.  The patron
+is the rector’s eldest son, the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier.  There is an
+award and map of Haltham and Roughton, of date 1775.  A village feast is
+held on St. Benedict’s Day (March 21), he being the patron saint of the
+church.
+
+There are some peculiar field names; as the Far, Middle, and Near
+Redlands, arable; the Top and Lower Brock-holes (brock meaning a badger),
+arable; the Black Sands, pasture; the Top and Low Malingars, arable; the
+East, West, and South High Rimes, arable; the Pingle, meadow; the Croft,
+pasture; the Oaks, pasture; Wood Close Meadow, the Old Cow Pasture.
+
+The register dates from 1561, and contains an entry for the year 1684:
+“This yeare plague in Haltham.” {191}  There is a charity, the interest
+of £5, left by John Dymoke, Esq., of Haltham, who in 1634 is named among
+the Heralds’ List of Gentry, for yearly distribution by the overseers
+among the poor.  The children attend the school at Roughton.
+
+The church is one of the most interesting in the neighbourhood.  The
+chancel was restored and an open roof put up in 1881, at a cost of £250.
+The nave was restored in 1891, at a cost of £300.  The sanctuary was
+paved with Minton tiles by the late Lady Dymoke.  The most remarkable
+feature is a semi-circular tympanum over the door in the south porch,
+which is of early Norman, or possibly Saxon date.  It has sculptured on
+it in somewhat rude fashion a Maltese cross within a circle, a second
+circle running through the limbs of the cross, a square with
+three-quarter circles at its corners, and semicircles midway of each
+side, which form the extremities of another cross, and between the limbs
+are roundels.  Below is a figure resembling a fish, also four rows of
+triangles, and other complicated devices.  The east window is a very fine
+flamboyant one, of date about 1350.  Some of the sittings have very old
+rudely-carved poppy heads of oak.  There are very fine carved oak
+canopies over two long pews in the north aisle, for the Champion Dymokes
+and their servants.  There is a piscina with two fronts in the south wall
+of the chancel, and a series of three stone sedilia, in the north wall is
+an aumbrey.  There is an incised slab to one of the Dymokes.  The tower
+has three bells, and the bell chamber is closed by ancient boarding, on
+which are the ten commandments in old characters, and very curious Royal
+Arms of Charles I.  The church plate consists of pewter paten, silver
+flagon and chalice, with date 1764, given by Mr. John Dickinson.
+
+In the village there is an old hostel, partly of the Tudor style, with
+pointed gable ends, projecting upper storey, and constructed externally
+of brick and woodwork.
+
+As to the early history of this parish little is definitely known.
+According to _Domesday Book_ it was among the possessions of the
+Conqueror, and his steward, Robert Dispenser, held it under him.
+Probably like other parishes in the soke of Horncastle, the manor was
+held by Gerbald d’ Escald, his grandson Gerard de Rhodes, his son Ralph
+de Rhodes, sold by him to the Bishop of Carlisle, &c.  Of the ownership
+of Ralph de Rhodes we have evidence in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9 Henry
+III., No. 52, containing an agreement between Henry del Ortiary and
+Sabina his wife, on the one hand, and Ralph de Rhodes, on the other hand,
+in which the former parties recognise the right of the said Ralph to
+certain lands in Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, and other parishes in the
+soke. {192a}
+
+Of other families of distinction once connected with this parish we have
+indications in the arms which Gervase Holles found in the church windows
+in his time (circa 1630, temp. Chas. I.), which we give here.
+
+                       _In Fenestris Cancelli_.
+
+Verry a fesse G. fretty, d’or . . .                            Marmyon
+
+G. a cross sarcely, arg.  . . .                                   Beke
+
+Sa. 2 lyons passant, arg. crowned, or . . .                     Dymoke
+
+Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa . . .                      Welles
+
+Sa. 3 flowres de lize betw. 6 crosse crosslets,
+fitchy, arg. . . .
+
+G. 3 bars ermyne . . .                                        Kirketon
+
+Barry of 6, or and sa. . . .
+
+                         _Fenestræ Boreales_.
+
+B. a lyon’s head erased betw. 6 crosses, botony,               Touthby
+arg. . . .
+
+Arg. 2 bars G. a border, sa. . . .
+
+Dymoke, each lyon charged sur l’ espale with an                 Dymoke
+annulet . . .
+
+Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil, or . . .
+
+G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg . .            La Warre
+.
+
+Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa. . . .                     Welles
+
+                        _Fenestræ Australes_.
+
+G. 3 water-bougets, arg. . . .                                     Ros
+
+Or on fesse G. 3 plates . . .                             Huntingfield
+
+Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty . . .                Rochfort
+
+Rochfort with a garbe in the 2nd quarter, arg. . .            Rochfort
+.
+
+Rochfort with an annulet in the 2nd quarter, arg.             Rochfort
+. . .
+
+Or, a manche G. . . .                                         Hastings
+
+G. a bend ermyne . . .                                              Ry
+
+Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2nd                   Rochfort
+quarter, arg. . . .
+
+Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne . . .
+
+                    _In Fenestra Borealis Navis_.
+
+G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg. .             La Warre
+. .
+
+Arg. on a bend, G. 3 gryphons heads erased, or . .
+.
+
+                           _In Campanili_.
+
+Joh’es Staines W. Jo. {192b}
+
+MAREHAM-LE-FEN.
+
+
+Mareham-le-Fen lies about six miles south from Horncastle, and five miles
+eastward of Tattershall station, with a population of more than 800.
+Letters _via_ Boston arrive by mail cart at 7.30 a.m.  This is the seat
+of a considerable industry, carried on by Mr. Titus Kime, as a grower of
+greatly improved varities of potatoes, agricultural seed, and, latterly
+on a large scale, of bulbs of different kinds, in which he seems likely
+to compete with the Dutch trade.
+
+The church, which is dedicated to St. Helen, is a fine structure of
+oolite stone, probably one of the largest in the neighbourhood, except
+the collegiate church of Tattershall.  It consists of tower, nave, north
+and south aisles, south porch and chancel.  The body of the church was
+restored in 1873, and re-opened on June 13th of that year, at a cost of
+more than £2,000, by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; the then
+rector, the Rev. W. Sharpe restoring the chancel, and the parishioners
+and other friends the tower.  The latter consists of three tiers, having
+a small square window in the south and north walls below, with a
+two-light floriated window on the west.  In the tier above are two-light
+windows on all four faces.  At the summit it has battlements and four
+tall pinnacles.  There are three bells, the date of the largest being
+1627.  The body of the church is also battlemented, and has pinnacles,
+the westernmost of these having the figures, within a niche, of St.
+George and the dragon.
+
+The south porch has an early English doorway within, the outer one being
+modern.  In the moulding above the inner doorway is a curiously crowned
+head, probably representing the Empress Helena, the patron saint; other
+curious devices running down the moulding on each side.  To the right of
+the inner doorway are initials M.S., date 1681.  The font has a large
+octagonal bowl, with heads at the angles, and elaborate trefoil devices
+on the faces; the shaft is plain, octagonal, the pediment a stone cross.
+
+              [Picture: St. Helen’s Church, Mareham-Le-Fen]
+
+Both aisles have four lofty bays, with early English columns.  In the
+north aisle is one three-light perpendicular trefoiled window, in its
+western wall; in the north wall, on each side of the north door, is a
+three-light perpendicular window, with mullions interlacing; and to the
+east a four-light round-headed trefoiled window.  Over the north door is
+a tablet, with a Latin inscription, commemorative of the Rev. H.
+Sheppard, a former rector, who died 24th Jan., 1764, aged 62.  Beneath it
+is a cherub with outspread wings.  In the wall, east of the north door,
+is a tablet bearing the inscription: “This church was relighted in memory
+of Francis Thorpe, who lost his life, by an accident, while working in
+the church near this spot, 22nd Sept., 1892.”  The south aisle, at the
+west end, has a three-light broad interlaced window.  In the south wall,
+west of the porch, is a low doorway, now filled in, with step at its
+base, probably formerly leading to a parvis, or priest’s chamber.  East
+of the porch are two round-headed three-light trefoiled perpendicular
+windows.  In the chancel the east window, of coloured glass, is lofty,
+with three lights, and six trefoils above.  The subjects are divided into
+upper and lower rows; the upper are the Ascension in the centre, with the
+Resurrection to the left, and to the right the disciples grouped round
+the virgin; the lower are the Crucifixion in the centre, Christ bearing
+His cross to the left, and the entombment to the right.  This window was
+by Lavers, Barrand and Westlake; it was given in memory of the late Mr.
+Joseph Corbett, by his son, C. J. Corbett, Architect, of Imber Court,
+Surrey.
+
+The reredos has three compartments; the central device is a cross, with
+rays of glory, and the monogram I.H.S.; on the right and left are doubly
+pointed, crocheted, arches; the device in the northernmost being a crown
+of thorns, with the three nails, surrounded by a circle; next to it three
+interlaced circles; on the south side interlaced triangles, and a plain
+cross.  The east wall, up to the height of the reredos, is faced with
+alabaster.
+
+In the south wall of the chancel is a wide stone seat, and above it a
+two-light trefoiled window.  In the north chancel wall is a trefoiled
+credence table.  There is a tablet to the memory of William Goodenough,
+formerly rector, Archdeacon of Carlisle (the benefice formerly being in
+the patronage of the Bishops of Carlisle), who died 13th Dec., 1854; and
+commemorating his wife Mary Anne, daughter of Dr. Samuel Goodenough,
+Bishop of Carlisle; she dying 3rd Jan., 1847, aged 75.  The memorial was
+erected by their only surviving child, Mrs. Hawkins.
+
+The choir sittings are of carved modern oak; the pulpit is also of the
+same, on a stone base, and the lectern.  The chancel arch is lofty, the
+modern side columns having richly carved capitals.  Some of the stones of
+the original arch were found built into the chimney of a cottage near at
+hand.  The sittings in the nave, and the roof timbers, are of pitch pine.
+The base of the tower forms a roomy vestry.
+
+In the churchyard is the lower part of the shaft of a cross, standing on
+an octagonal base.  Opposite the east end of the south aisle is a
+tombstone in memory of James Roberts, “who sailed round the world in
+company with Sir Joseph Banks, in the years 1768–71, on board H.M.S. the
+Endeavour, Lieut. James Cook, Commander,” attending him “also on other
+voyages.” {194a}  The tomb of Archdeacon Goodenough is on the north-east
+side of the church.  Within a few feet of the south buttress of the tower
+is a fragment of an old tombstone, shewing part of a foliated cross on
+both sides, and the monogram I.H.S., in old characters, probably Saxon;
+Mareham being one of the 222 parishes in the county which had a church in
+Saxon times {194b}
+
+Gervase Holles (temp. Chas. I.) gives the following arms and
+inscriptions, as existing in the church in his time.  In the east window:
+
+Empaled       Arg’ a crosse sa.
+
+              Arg. on a crosse G. a bezant.
+
+              Arg, a crosse sa.
+
+Empaled       Quarterly arg. and G., on the 1st and 4th quarters a
+              popinjay vert. membred and beked G.
+
+In the western window on the left of the tower:
+
+    Orate pro a’ia Joh’is Tott, Agnet, et Helene, uxorum ejus, &
+    specialiter pro Andrea Tott, Artium Baccalaureo, qui istam fenestram
+    lapidari, necnon vitreari fecit.
+
+Over the buttress, on the east side:
+
+    Quarterly Ufford and Beke . . .                     Willoughby
+
+       3 crosses portate . . .
+
+       2 chevrons between 3 roses . . .
+
+       A crosse . . .
+
+       A lyon passant . . .
+
+    “Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur, 1591.”
+    {195a}
+
+The register dates from 1558.  An entry records that on 22nd Nov., 1685,
+a “Briefe was read and published, for Saresden in Oxfordshire, for loss
+valued at £1,449.  Granted June 14th, 1686.”  Another entry, under date
+23rd Nov., 1685, is as follows: “Thomas Eresby of Revvesby maketh oath yt
+Theodosie, his daughter, who was buried in the churchyard upon Sunday
+last, was wound and wrapped up in woollen only, according to the late Act
+of Parliament, in yt case made.”  In explanation of this it may be stated
+that in 1677 British and Irish woollens were prohibited in France, which
+injured the woollen trade very much; and in the next year (1678) in order
+to encourage the trade at home, it was enacted by 29 Charles II., c. 3,
+that all persons, except those who died of the plague, should be buried
+in wool, under a penalty of £5. {195b}  Another entry states that a
+collection was made, the amount not known, to afford relief, after the
+great fire in London, Sept., 1666.
+
+The rectory, adjoining the church, stands in a large, well wooded garden.
+It is a good substantial residence, rebuilt by Archdeacon Goodenough in
+1818–19, and much improved in 1855.  In the entrance hall are two old
+prints of the church and rectory before their restoration, dated 1785.
+They were presented to the late rector, Rev. W. Sharpe, by Alfred
+Cobbett, Esq., and they are preserved as heirlooms by the rectors for the
+time being.  The Rev. F. J. Williamson is the present rector, late of
+Lydgate.  The Bishop of Manchester is patron of the benefice; the
+patronage of this, and several other benefices in this neighbourhood,
+formerly held by the Bishops of Carlisle, being transferred to the See of
+Manchester some years after its creation, in 1848.
+
+The national school, built in 1840, is endowed with nearly an acre of
+land, given by Archdeacon Goodenough; it was considerably enlarged by J.
+Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1877.  Some of the inhabitants are entitled to
+the benefits of the almshouses at Revesby.  There is a navigable drain
+from the Witham, passing near the village, affording communication with
+New Bolingbroke and Boston.  A former part of the parish is now included
+in the district of Wildmoor Fen.
+
+In Liber Regis this parish is named “Marrow, alias Marym, alias Mareham
+in le Fen.”  It is called in _Domesday Book_ Meringe (or the sea-ing,
+_i.e._ sea-meadow).  Another form was Marum; the Revesby Charters, Nos.
+47 and 48, mention a piece of land, near the boundary of Marum, called
+“Mare Furlong,” and the grass (Psamma arenaria) which now grows on the
+sea banks is commonly called Marrum grass.  All these names probably
+refer to the marish (Latin, mariscum), or marsh, character of the
+locality, caused by its proximity to the sea (le mer), which then came
+much nearer than it does now, and frequently flooded the land.
+
+The manor was given by the Conqueror to the powerful Norman, Robert
+Despenser, who, as his name implies, was the King’s High Steward.  He was
+the ancestor of the Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, and he held 15
+manors in Lincolnshire alone, besides 17 in Leicestershire, and several
+in other counties.  Much of the land of this parish was at a later period
+given to Revesby Abbey, and at the dissolution of the monasteries some of
+this was granted by Henry VIII, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.
+{196a}  In later times it became, by purchase, the property of Mr. Joseph
+Banks, M.P. for Grimsby, born in 1681, and eventually came to his
+distinguished descendant, Sir Joseph Banks; and on his death some of the
+Mareham land passed to the ancestors of the present Sir Henry M. Hawley.
+Other proprietors are now Major Gape, Messrs. J. R. Chapman, Joseph Lake,
+and other smaller owners.
+
+Among the Lincolnshire gentry called upon (with the Massingberds,
+Heneages, and many others) to furnish “launces and light horse,” in the
+16th century, when the Spanish armada was expected, was one “John May of
+Mairing,” who failed to present himself at the muster in 1584, but in
+1586 supplied “one light horse.” {196b}
+
+In Notes on Low Toynton mention is made of the old family of Newcomen,
+originally “of Salaby,” _i.e._ Saltfleetby, where many generations of
+them were buried, from the time of Richard I.  They married into
+influential and titled families, in various parts of the county.  Charles
+Newcomen lived at Hagnaby in 1634, and bought land in Revesby.  A
+Newcomen lived in Mareham in the 17th century.  They were connected, by
+marriage, with the family of Sir Joseph Banks, as Mr. Banks, grandfather
+of Sir Joseph, had a house in Lincoln, the adjoining one being occupied
+by Newcomen Wallis, Esq., and Mr. Banks married Catherine the widow of
+Mr. Wallis (see the Banks monument in Revesby church, north aisle), whose
+mother was daughter and co-heir of Nicholas Newcomen, Esq. {196c}
+
+We here give a few old records in connection with this parish in the
+past.  The Court Roll of Mareham-le-Fen (preserved among the documents of
+the Listers of Burwell) for 2 Elizabeth, shows that, at that date (A.D.
+1559), Thomas Glenham, Esq. (variously written Glemham), had the Manor of
+Mareham.  In the 23rd Elizabeth it is recorded that Charles Glenham,
+Esq., by his lawful attorney, Francis Colby, of Glenham Parva, Esq.,
+granted leases for seven years to divers tenants in Mareham.  Thomas
+owned also the Manors of Calceby, Belchford, Oxcomb, and Burwell; these
+he sold to Sir Matthew Lister, afterwards of Burwell.  He married Amye,
+daughter of Sir Henry Parker. {196d}
+
+In a suit, instituted 29th May, 1239, between William de Bavent,
+plaintiff, and Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, defendant, regarding the
+advowson of the church of “Merum,” the said William “quit claimed” all
+his right to the said advowson, to the bishop and his heirs for ever; and
+in return for this the bishop gave him 10 marks.  In the old record,
+Testa de Nevill, folio 556 (circa 1326), Walter de Bavent held certain
+lands in Marum, “by service of falconry,” _i.e._ by providing yearly, in
+lieu of rent, one “gay goss-hawk,” or more, for the use of the Lord of
+the Manor. {196e}
+
+Robert de Weston, Rector of Marum, by his will, dated 3rd March, 1389,
+requested that he might be buried in Marum Church.  He bequeathed to the
+Mendicant Friars of Boston 6s. 8d. “to remember me in their masses,” to
+Lady Margaret Hawteyn, Nun of Ormsby, 10s.; to Trinity College,
+Cambridge, a book called “Johannes in Collectario,” to every fellow there
+2s., and every scholar 1s.  Among other bequests are to Mgr. Eudo la
+Zouch “12 cocliaria nova de argento” (_i.e._ 12 new spoons of silver); to
+“John Geune my clerk a missal of the new use of sarum”, and “masses for
+souls of Walter ffelsted, William Stel, and James de Medringham.
+Executors, Eudo la Zouch, John ffoston my chaplin, &c., the residue of my
+goods to be sold, as quickly as possible, communi pretio, so that the
+purchasers may be bound to pray for my soul.”
+
+William Leych, parson of Mareham, by will dated 11th Aug, 1556, requests
+that he may be buried “in the quire of St. Helen.”  “To my brother Robert
+Leych 12 silver spoons, to Sir John Richardson 6 great books, containing
+the holle course of the bybyll, and a repetorii, and a concordance”; to
+Sir John Morland “Opera Chrisostomi & Sancti Thomas, & Haymo super
+epistolas sauli”; to Mr. Lancelot Sawkeld “Deane of Carlyle 20s., praying
+him to cause a dirige and masses to be said for me . . . I make Mr.
+Arthur Dymok and Mr. Robert Dymok supervisors.”
+
+                [Picture: Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen]
+
+Henry Ayscough, of Blyborough, by will dated 19 Oct., 1611, left lands in
+Mareham-le-Fen, and the Manor of Tumby, and other lands, to his
+grandsons.  In connection with this we may mention that the late Sir
+Henry James Hawley married, as his first wife, Elizabeth Askew, a
+descendant of the same family.  The Ayscoughs (or Askews) were a
+distinguished Lincolnshire and Yorkshire family, and have still numerous
+representatives. {198a}
+
+Here is another record of the same family.  By will, dated 15th April,
+1612, Walter Ayscoughe, of Mareham-le-Fen, left to his wife Bridget £20
+annuity, and other property, for her life; then to his sons Henry and
+Walter, and two daughters Margaret and Elizabeth; also 12d. to the same;
+and 5s. to Nicholas Cressey, gent, supervisor, witness Clynton Ayscoughe;
+proved at Horncastle, 2nd May, 1613.  To this family belonged Anne Askew
+the martyr, who was the younger daughter of Sir William Ayscough, Bart.,
+of Stallingborough.  Their property eventually came to the late Ascoghe
+Boucherett, of South Willingham.
+
+Next we find one of the old family of Newcomen, already referred to,
+“Edward Newcomen of Mareham-le-Fenne, by will, proved at Horncastle, 1st
+July, 1614,” leaving to his daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, £10 each, the
+same to his son Robert, and the residue to his wife; the personality
+being £120 3s. 8d., a vastly larger sum in those days than now.
+
+Another will is that of Annie Elie, widow, of Mareham-le-Fen, dated 13th
+July, 1616, in which she desires “to be buried in the church,” so that
+she was probably some one of importance.  She leaves everything to her
+son-in-law John Wymberley, and her daughter Susan Wymberley. {198b}
+
+Among the deeds and charters of Revesby Abbey, privately printed by the
+Right Hon. E. Stanhope a few years ago, No. 24 gives, among the witnesses
+to a deed of gift, the name of Eda, wife of Richard, Priest of Mareham
+(temp. Henry II., or Richard I).  Hence it is evident that celibacy was
+not strictly enforced on the clergy at that period. {198c}  Among the
+witnesses to other deeds are Robert, Priest of Marum, and Richard, Priest
+of Marum, A.D. 1172.  The deed of gift of certain lands to Revesby Abbey
+(No. 29), by a certain John, is stamped with a round seal, having an
+equestrian figure, and the legend Sigillum Johannis de Maringe.  By
+another deed William, son of John of Maring, gives certain lands; the
+seal bearing a lion and dog, or fox “contourné regardant,” {198d} the
+legend of this is Sigill. Will. de Marige.
+
+With these records and associations with the past, the parish of Mareham
+may surely be said to have a history on which its people may well look
+back with interest and satisfaction.
+
+
+
+MOORBY.
+
+
+Moorby lies about 4½ miles from Horncastle, and about 1½ miles beyond
+Scrivelsby, in a south-easterly direction.  Letters _via_ Boston arrive
+at 9.30.
+
+The registers date from 1561, but contain no entries of any particular
+interest.  The church, dedicated to All Saints, has undergone several
+transformations.  This was one of the 222 parishes which possessed a
+church before the Norman conquest, and it still contains a fragment (to
+be noticed later on) which is apparently of Saxon origin.  Both Weir in
+his History (1828), and Saunders (1834) agree in stating that in the
+early part of the 19th century the church was “totally destitute of
+interest.”  _The Gazetteer_ of 1863 describes it vaguely as a “Gothic
+structure.”  It was rebuilt in 1864, from designs by Mr. James Fowler,
+Architect, of Louth, at a cost of £1,100, defrayed by J. Banks Stanhope,
+Esq., Lord of the Manor; and was further repaired in 1891, by public
+subscription.  It consists of nave, chancel, vestry, north porch, and
+small square tower at the north-west angle, with low spire containing one
+bell.  It is built chiefly of brick with facings of Ancaster stone.
+
+In the north wall of the nave are a couple of two-light windows, in the
+Perpendicular style; in the south wall are three two-light windows; all
+these having bands of red and black brick alternately.  In the west wall
+are two single-light lancet windows, with an ox-eye window above.  In the
+chancel there is a small lancet window in the north wall, and a square
+aumbrey.  The east end has a three-light plain lancet window; beneath
+which is a stone reredos, having three compartments filled with encaustic
+tiles, having, as their designs, in the centre a cross in gilt, and Alpha
+and Omega, within ox-eyes, on either side.  In the south wall in front of
+the vestry is a lancet-shaped doorway, and, west of it, an arcade of two
+lancet apertures, supported by four columns of serpentine.  Within the
+vestry is a two-light lancet window; and let into the eastern wall is a
+small slab, having four grotesque figures, one blowing a kind of bagpipe,
+the others dancing.  This is said to have been a portion of a “minstrel
+pillar,” it is apparently Saxon, and is probably a relic from the
+original fabric.  The chancel arch is of red and black bricks, in
+alternate bands, the capitals nicely carved in stone, supported by small
+serpentine columns.  The pulpit is of Caen stone, having a cross within a
+circle on the front panel, and one serpentine column.  The chancel choir
+stalls are of good modern oak; the sittings in the nave and the roof
+being of pitch pine.
+
+The font is the most remarkable feature of the church.  It has a large
+square bowl; the device on the east side is a skeleton being drawn from
+the tomb by two angels, doubtless emblematic of the “death unto sin and
+new birth unto righteousness,” accomplished in baptism.  On the north
+face is the virgin and child, with the sun and moon in the corners above.
+On the south side is a figure in long vestment, apparently sitting on an
+altar, much defaced.  On the west are six figures, much defaced, in the
+attitude of prayer.  At the four angles are quatrefoiled niches, having
+at their bases, alternately, a crowned head and a mitre.  This may have
+been of the 14th century.  The shaft is square and modern, with columns
+at the angles.
+
+The communion plate is modern, except the paten, which bears the
+inscription “Matthew Sympson, M.A., instituted Rector of Moorby, Feb. 28,
+1705, collated Prebendary of Lincoln, June 25, 1718, Rector of Wenington,
+May 29, 1728.”  The present Rector is the Rev. R. C. Oake, late Vicar of
+Broughton, Manchester.  The rectory of Moorby is consolidated with the
+vicarage of Wood Enderby.
+
+By deed dated Nov. 24th, 1855, the guardians of the poor, by consent of
+the ratepayers, gave certain land in Moorby for the site of a parish
+school to the minister, churchwardens, and overseers, and their
+successors; and more recently a school district has been formed for the
+parishes of Moorby, Wood Enderby, Claxby, and Wilksby; the school, which
+was built in 1855, being enlarged in 1872, to provide the accommodation
+required by this union.
+
+Moorby was one of the “thousand four hundred and forty-two manors” which
+William the Conqueror took as his own portion, when he divided the lands
+of England among his Norman followers.  Being in the Soke of Horncastle,
+it was doubtless granted, along with that manor, and those of West Ashby,
+High Toynton, and several others, to Adelias or Alice de Cundi, daughter
+of William de Cheney, Lord of Caenby ann Glentham, and wife of Roger de
+Cundi.  As she took part against King Stephen, in favour of the Empress
+Maud, he took the property from her; but eventually restored it to her,
+on condition that she should demolish her castle at Horncastle; this
+however was only for life, the estates again reverting to the crown.
+Henry II. made a grant of them to Gerbald le Escald, a Fleming noble, who
+was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes.  His son, Ralph
+de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III., sold the manors to Walter
+Mauclerke, Bishop of Carlisle, and until recently the patronage of Moorby
+benefice belonged to the Bishops of Carlisle.  After the creation of the
+See of Manchester, the patronage, with that of High Toynton,
+Mareham-le-Fen, &c., was transferred to the Bishops of Manchester.
+
+_Domesday Book_, describing the soke of the Manor of Horncastle, says “In
+Morebi there are 3 carucates of land (or about 360 acres).  There are 6
+soc-men, and 10 bordars, who have 4 carucates (or 480 acres).  There is a
+church and a priest (evidently a resident; of whom, according to Sir
+Henry Ellis, there were only 130 in the country), and 240 acres of meadow
+and 6 acres of underwood.”  In the old record, Testa de Nevill (circa
+1326–1328), the benefice of “Morby” is said to be “of the gift of the
+lord the king,” _i.e._ Edward II. or III.  The original charters of Henry
+III., granting these manors to the Bishops of Carlisle, were confirmed by
+Henry VI.; but in course of time they passed to the Brandons, and to
+various other proprietors, until the ancestor of Sir Joseph Banks became
+lessee of the Manor of Horncastle, and also acquired the Manor of Moorby;
+to which James Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late Right Hon. Edward
+Stanhope succeeded; although T. Elsey, the Artindale family, and the
+trustees of Bardney school, own portions of the parish.
+
+In the year 1554 (Aug. 6th) Thomas Bewley, Clerk, was admitted to this
+benefice by Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, it being “vacant by deprivation.”
+This was the 2nd year of the reign of Queen Mary, of ill memory.
+Doubtless the offence of the ejected predecessor was that he was married,
+which was contrary to the papistic ideas, revived in that brief reign.
+Numbers of beneficed clergy were deprived at that time for this offence.
+
+A few old records of some interest are preserved connected with Moorby,
+of which we give two or three samples here.  First we have a family of
+the name of Moreby, of whom more than one mention is made.  Roger Moreby,
+by will dated Saturday after the Feast of St. Botolph, 1394, commends his
+soul to St. Mary and all the saints; he requests that his body may be
+buried in Croyland parish church; he leaves 40s. to be given to the poor
+on the day of his burial, and money to provide torches and wax for the
+church, and the altars of St. Katharine, St. John the Baptist, and Holy
+Trinity; he bequeaths £10 of silver to his wife, and other items.  Again,
+by will dated the Feast of St. Thomas the apostle, 1368, Gervase de
+Wylleford bequeaths 100s. to John Moreby his cousin.
+
+The family of Ayscough, formerly so widely represented in the county,
+were connected with Moorby.  By will, dated 16th Nov., 1601, Henry
+Ascoughe, Gent., desires to be buried in the parish church of “Morebie,”
+leaving to his sister “Elizabeth Aiscoughe (his) hereditaments in Morebie
+for life, then to go to his brother Matthew.”  His sister is also to have
+lands which he had leased to Sir Henry Glenham, Knight. {201a}  He
+further leaves to her, as executrix, “£10 to be good and to my poor
+sister Margarette.”  To his brother Simon he bequeaths “the best
+apparrell of my bodie, with riding furniture, and my baie gelding,
+rapier, dagger, and pistol,” and further bequests.  The testator was son
+of Christopher Ayscough, of Bliborough, and married, apparently without
+issue, Margaret, daughter of Symon Battell, of Denham, Suffolk.
+
+Like the not very distant Wildmore Fen, in which it now has a modern
+allotment of 14 acres of glebe land.  The name of Moorby tells of its
+condition at the time when it acquired that designation, which means the
+“by,” _i.e._ “byre,” or farmstead on the moor. {201b}  The moorland has
+now entirely disappeared under the plough, and only young plantations
+represent its former wild, woodland character.
+
+
+
+WOOD ENDERBY.
+
+
+Wood Enderby lies about four miles south by east from Horncastle.
+Letters _via_ Boston arrive at 10.30 a.m.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Benedict, consists of nave, north aisle, and
+chancel, a low tower, with graceful broach spire, containing one bell,
+and small vestry.  It is built of a warm-tinted green sandstone, with
+free stone dressings; the style of its architecture is a combination of
+the early English and Decorated periods.  It was almost entirely rebuilt
+in 1860, at a cost of about £1,000.  The south door, which is in the
+tower, has an Early English arch of five mouldings.  There is a plain
+trefoiled window above in the tower; the lower part of the spire having
+two lancet windows, with a circle above them, and a small single-light
+window on each side, half way up.  In the west wall of the tower is a
+three-light window, with two trefoils and a quatrefoil above.  This is
+filled with coloured glass, having the texts “I am the way, the truth,
+and the life,” “Where two or three are gathered together in My name,
+there am I in the midst of them,” and “No man cometh unto the Father but
+by Me.”  There are similar windows, but without coloured glass, in all
+four faces of the tower.  At the north-west angle of the tower is a
+staircase turret.  Within the south door, against the west wall, is an
+old stone coffin, with broken lid, ornamented with an incised floriated
+cross; this was discovered at the time of the restoration.
+
+The arcade of the north aisle is of three bays, being part of the old
+church, in Early English style, with plain arches, supported on one
+octagonal pier and one shafted pier, with dog-tooth ornament, the former
+having foliage on the capital.  In the north wall of the nave are three
+square-headed windows of three lights, with trefoils above, the glass
+being plain, except a border of red, purple, and yellow.  In the south
+wall are three two-light windows, with trefoil and circle above; the
+glass being modern, with various coloured scripture texts.
+
+The sittings are of deal, with plain poppy-heads.  The pulpit is of
+modern oak, of five panels, each panel being divided into two trefoiled
+arched partitions; the central panel having a trefoil above, and below it
+a square piece of carved old oak, representing Elijah blessing the cruse
+of oil for the widow of Zarephath.  The vestry, at the east end of the
+north aisle, has one small trefoiled window.  The tower and the spire
+were added at the restoration.  The chancel has a decorated east window
+of three lights, with three quatrefoils above.  It is filled with modern
+coloured glass, the subjects being, in the centre the Saviour risen from
+the tomb, on the left an angel seated at the tomb, and on the right the
+Magdalen.  There is an inscription, “Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not,
+for I am not yet ascended to my Father; but go to my brethren, and say
+unto them, I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to my God and
+your God.  John xx, 17.”
+
+The north and south chancel walls have each one two-light trefoiled
+window, with quatrefoil above; plain glass, except the coloured band.  In
+the south wall is a curious square projecting Norman piscina, with fluted
+basin, and fluted sides.  In the north wall is an arched sepulchral
+recess.  The chancel arch is plain Early English.  The roof, like the
+sittings, is of pitch pine.  The font has a plain octagonal large bowl of
+Barnack stone, its upper rim being modern, the shaft plain quadrilateral,
+with plain square columns at the angles; base and pediment octagonal.
+
+The register dates from 1561.  It begins with the note “The Register
+booke of Woodenderbye, containing herein ye names of all such as have
+been married, burried, and christened, from Michaelmas 1561, to
+Michaelmas 1562.”  The first five or six entries are illegible, and the
+others contain nothing of special interest.  The benefice, a vicarage, is
+consolidated with the rectory of Moorby, and is now held by the Rev. R.
+C. Oake.
+
+As the name of Moorby indicated the character of the locality in former
+times, when that name was first acquired, so Wood Enderby means the
+“bye,” _i.e._ “byre,” or farmstead “at the end of the wood,” as it
+borders on what was once the forest tract of “Tumby Chase”; Haltham wood,
+near at hand, being a relic of that former wild region. {202}
+
+W. H. Trafford, Esq., is Lord of the Manor.  The Hon. Mr. Stanhope owns a
+large part of the land; and portions belong to the Rev. G. Ward, and
+other smaller owners.  The late Miss Trafford Southwell founded an infant
+school in the village; the older children attending the Moorby school.
+The poor parishioners receive 6d. each at Christmas, left by an unknown
+donor, out of the farm now owned by Rev. G. Ward, of Mavis Enderby.
+
+The ancient history of Wood Enderby is much the same as that of Moorby.
+It was one of the minor demesnes, within the Soke of Horncastle, and
+attached to that manor; as were also West Ashby, High Toynton,
+Mareham-on-the-Hill, and other parishes.  It would thus also be among the
+estates of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and when his main line
+became extinct, and the property was divided among collateral branches,
+Wood Enderby, with Wilksby and Revesby, fell to the share of Mr. John
+Carsey, or Kersey; his wife, the daughter of Sir Thomas Lovell, Knight,
+being grand-daughter of Margaret, sister and co-heir of the Duke of
+Suffolk.  He owned the property from 1552 to 1575, and he and his son
+Francis jointly sold it to Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer Burleigh.  He
+held it from 1575 to 1598, when it passed in succession to the 1st and
+2nd Earls of Exeter, and to Elizabeth, Lady Howard, wife of the Earl of
+Berkshire, in 1640, and so in 1658 to Henry Howard; in 1663 to his cousin
+Craven Howard, who built the former residence at Revesby; and, after his
+death, the property was sold by the daughters of Henry Howard to the
+Banks family; whence the manor has descended to the present proprietors
+of Revesby.
+
+The manor, like that of Moorby and other parishes already named, would at
+one time belong to the Bishops of Carlisle, and they were till recently
+patrons of the benefice; the patronage, within late years, being
+transferred to the Bishops of Manchester, after the creation of that See
+in 1848.
+
+At an earlier date, being an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle, this
+demesne would be owned at one period by Gerard and Ralph de Rhodes; and
+this is shewn by the following records among the Final Concords, date 3rd
+Feb., 1224–5, whereby an agreement was arrived at between Henry del
+Ortiay and Sabina his wife, on the one part, and Ralph de Rhodes on the
+other part, as to certain lands in Moorby, Enderby, Horncastle, and other
+parishes, that the said Henry and Sabina should recognise the said lands
+as belonging to the said Ralph; he, on his part, granting to them other
+lands there, specially designated, they rendering to him “therefor by the
+year, one pair of gilt spurs, at Easter, for all service and exaction.”
+{203a}  This agreement was settled “at the court of the Lord the King at
+Westminster on the morrow of the purification of the blessed Mary, in the
+9th year of King Henry III. {203b}
+
+In the old records, Testa de Nevill (circa 1326–28), it is stated that
+“the churches of Horncastre, Askeby (West Ashby), Upper Thinton (High
+Toynton), of Meringes (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and of Hinderby (Wood
+Enderby), are of the gift of the lord; and Osbert, the parson, holds them
+of King Richard.”
+
+In _Domesday Book_ it is stated that at the time of the Conqueror, there
+were “400 acres of wood pasturage” in the parish, a sufficient reason for
+its designation.  Like Moorby, it was among the manors seized by the
+Conqueror, for his portion of the plunder taken from our Saxon
+forefathers.  In Saxon times the Thane, Siward, had land here; which was
+given by the Conqueror to his steward, Robert Despenser, brother of the
+Earl Montgomery. {203c}
+
+
+
+CONINGSBY.
+
+
+This is a large village, about 8 miles from Horncastle, in a southerly
+direction.  It is bounded on the north by Tattershall Thorpe, on the west
+by Tattershall, on the south by Wildmore, and on the east by Tumby and
+Mareham-le-Fen.  Its area is 3,442 acres, including the hamlet of
+Hawthorn Hill; rateable value £5,160; population 1,192.  Apart from a
+limited number of shops and three inns, the people are engaged mainly in
+agriculture.  The soil is mostly a light sand, with a subsoil of gravel
+deposits and clay.  The nearest railway station is at Tattershall,
+distant about 1½ miles.
+
+The owners of over 50 acres are Lord Willoughby de Eresby, M.P., Lord of
+the Manor; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., J.P.; F. Sherwin; J. Rodgers; J.
+Burcham Rogers, J.P.; Mrs. Evison; the rector, Rev. Canon A. Wright,
+M.A., J.P., Rural Dean and Canon of Lincoln.  Smaller owners, about 50.
+The only gentleman’s seat now existing is the hall, the residence of J.
+B. Rogers, Esq., J.P.
+
+The old custom of ringing the pancake bell on Shrove Tuesday is still
+kept up.  The annual feast is held in the week after St. Michael’s Day,
+the patron saint.  The “Ignitegium,” or curfew, was rung within the last
+35 years, but has been discontinued, the parish being now lighted by gas.
+
+There are a few field names, indicating the former “woodland and waste”
+{204} character of the locality.  The Ings, or meadows, so common
+throughout the district; Oatlands; Scrub Hill, scrub being an old
+Lincolnshire word for a small wood; Reedham, referring to the morass;
+Toothill, probably a “look-out” over the waste; Langworth, probably a
+corruption of lang-wath, the long ford; Troy Wood, may be British,
+corresponding to the Welsh caertroi, a labyrinth or fort of mounds.  The
+hamlets are Dogdyke, a corruption of Dock-dyke (the sea having once
+extended to these parts); Hawthorn Hill, Scrub Hill.  There is an
+enclosure award in the possession of the clerk of the Parish Council.
+
+The parish register dates from 1561.  The church plate is modern, chalice
+and paten dated 1870; the flagon is older and more massive, but has no
+date.  The Earl of Ancaster is patron of the benefice, a rectory, with
+good house, enlarged about 30 years ago, and 500 acres of glebe.
+
+The National School was built by subscription and government grant in
+1836, at a cost of about £230, exclusive of the site, which was given by
+the late Sir Gilbert Heathcote.  It was enlarged in 1875 at cost of £300.
+The master has £3 per annum, left by the Rev. R. Kelham in 1719, also the
+dividend of £100 3½ per cent. reduced consols, bought by the bequest of
+the Rev. Mr. Boawre, Rector, in 1784.
+
+The charities are Banks, _viz._ £2 a year from land in Haltham, for bread
+for the poor; Metham’s, for poor widows, from houses and land in Wisbech,
+left by Geo. Metham in 1685; Lawrence’s, for coats for poor men, from
+land in Leake, left by Robt. Lawrence in 1721.
+
+The Horncastle canal traverses the parish, but is now a derelict.
+
+There was formerly a castle in this parish, the residence of a family of
+the name of Coningsby, but no traces of it remain, unless it be in an
+ancient dovecote, placed among some fine trees to the east of the
+village.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a large, and originally a fine,
+church, consisting of nave, with north and south aisles, an apsidal
+modern chancel, and a massive western tower.  This latter is of
+Perpendicular date, very plain, but of excellent ashlar work; it has a
+clock and six bells.  The ground stage has open arches to the north and
+south, with a groined roof above, and a thoroughfare through it.  In the
+eastern wall of the south porch is a stoup, which was formerly open, both
+within the porch and outside it.  Over the porch is a parvis or priest’s
+chamber.  Outside the church, near the top of the wall of a cupola-shaped
+finial of the rood loft turret is an old sun dial.  The interior of the
+nave has a massive heavy roof of beams somewhat rudely cut, with traces
+of former colouring.
+
+The four western bays of the arcade are Early English, with low arches,
+the easternmost bay seems to have been added at a later date, the arch
+higher and wider.  The moulding between two of the north arches
+terminates in a head, on each side of which an evil spirit is whispering.
+Another terminal is the head of a woman wearing the “branks,” or “scold’s
+bridle.”  On the south side of the chancel arch is a rood loft staircase
+turret, of which both the lower and upper door remain.
+
+At the restoration in 1872 the clerestory windows were spoilt by being
+reduced in height; externally their original design remains.  In the
+centre of the nave are two large sepulchral slabs, once bearing brasses,
+which are now gone, representing two civilians and their wives.  The
+apsidal chancel is quite out of keeping with the rest of the fabric.
+There are some remains of the old carved oak screen, and south of the
+communion table is an Early English capital, with piscina behind it.
+
+                [Picture: St. Michaels Church, Coningsby]
+
+The Notes on Churches, by Gervase Holles, shew that in his time (circa
+1630) the windows of this church abounded in coloured glass, of which not
+a vestige remains.  He gives, among the devices, the arms of Marmyon,
+Dymoke, Hillary, Welles, Hattecliffe, Umfraville, Willoughby, Ros,
+Tateshale, Bernake, Crumwell, Huntingfield, Rochfort, Beke, Boucher,
+Waterton, Hebden, Deyncourt, France and England, &c. {205}
+
+Among the rectors of this parish have been two poets, one the laureate of
+his day (1718), the Rev. Laurence Eusden, who died 1730.  The other, John
+Dyer, was born 1700, appointed to the benefice in 1752, by Sir John
+Heathcote, was the author of _Grongar Hill_, _The Fleece_, and _The Ruins
+of Rome_; he was honoured with a sonnet by Wordsworth.
+
+A congregation of Baptists was formed here under the Commonwealth, with
+an endowment for a minister.  The society still exists, their present
+chapel being erected in 1862; they have also a day school, built by Mr.
+John Overy in 1845.  The Wesleyans have a chapel, built in 1825, and
+others at Hawthorn Hill, Haven Bank, Moorside, and Meer Booth.  The
+Primitive Methodists have a chapel, built in 1854, and others at Reedham
+Corner and Scrub Hill.
+
+Of the early history of this parish we have scattered notices in various
+documents.  In _Domesday Book_ we find that Sortibrand, son of Ulf the
+Saxon, who was one of the lagmen of Lincoln, held a Berewick in
+Coningsby.  Land here is mentioned among the Conqueror’s possessions.
+The powerful favourite of the Conqueror, Robert Despenser, laid claim to
+a fishery and lands in Coningsby; and the juryman of the wapentake of
+Horncastle decided that his claim was good, because Achi, his Saxon
+predecessor, had held the same in the time of Edward the Confessor.  From
+the same source we find that two other powerful Normans held land here,
+_viz._ Hugo d’ Abrincis, surnamed “Lupus,” or “The Wolf,” from his fierce
+character; and Drogo de Bruere, who had the Conqueror’s niece to wife.
+
+As with other parishes in this soke, we find from a Feet of Fines, 9
+Henry III., No. 52, that Ralph de Rhodes then held lands here.
+Subsequently the Marmyons, Dymokes, and Taillebois, all connected in the
+blazonry of the former memorial windows (as before mentioned), held
+property in the parish. {206a}  By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem,
+taken 31st May, 10 Henry VII., No. 72 (A.D. 1495), it was found that
+Robert Taillebois, Knt., with John Gygour, Warden of the college of
+Tateshale, was seized of the manor; while, further, in a Feet of Fines,
+19 Henry VII. (1503), John Mordaunt is acknowledged by Sir Edward
+Poynings, Sir Thomas Fynes, and others, to be the owner of lands in
+Coningsby, and elsewhere in the soke.  He held at least four other
+manors, and lands in many other parishes.  Also a Feet of Fines, 21 Henry
+VII. (1505), it was agreed before Humphrey Coningsby, Sergeant at Law,
+Sir Giles Daubeney, and others, that the Bishop of Winchester held
+certain property here.
+
+The Dymokes were patrons of the benefice; Sir Charles Dymoke presenting
+in 1682, after which the patronage passed to the Heathcote family (Liber
+Regis and Ecton’s Thesaurus).  But an earlier connection with the Dymokes
+is shewn by a tombstone commemorative of “Anna, daughter of Thomas
+Dymoke, and his wife Margaret, que obijt . . .  Ao Dni 1462.”
+
+In connection with the Humphrey Coningsby, named above, we have already
+mentioned that a castellated residence in this parish belonged to a
+family of that name.  This Humphrey was Judge of the King’s Bench, and
+bought Hampton Court, co. Hereford, of Sir Thomas Cornwall, about 1510;
+where was preserved a painting of the old mansion at Coningsby. {206b}
+Thomas Coningsby was knighted by Elizabeth in 1591.  Sir Fitz-William
+Coningsby was Sheriff of the county, 1627; and for his loyalty to Charles
+I. his estates were confiscated by the Puritans.  His son was rewarded
+with a peerage by Charles II.; and saved the life of King William at the
+battle of the Boyne; but his two sons dying early, and he having no
+further issue, the title became extinct.
+
+In the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the Herald’s Visitation in
+1634, we find the name of Clinton Whichcote, of Coningsby, a member of an
+old county family, still occupying a good position. {207a}
+
+
+
+WILKSBY.
+
+
+Wilksby lies about halfway between the parishes of Wood Enderby and
+Moorby, at a distance of about five miles from Horncastle, in a
+south-easterly direction.  Letters from Boston _via_ Revesby, arrive
+about 10.30 a.m.
+
+The ancient history of this parish is much the same as that of the
+adjoining parish of Moorby on the east, and Wood Enderby on the west.  It
+is called in _Domesday Book_ Wilchesbi, and Wilgesbi.  At the date of
+that survey (1086) there were four soc-men and five bordars, who had one
+carucate (or 120 acres) of land, and 20 acres of woodland; while the lord
+of the manor had one carucate in demesne, and five villeins, with two
+oxen in another carucate; with 20 acres of meadow and 40 acres of
+underwood; so that, like the neighbouring Moor-by and Wood Ender-by, this
+parish also was largely of a forest character.
+
+In this parish there was also “a Berewick of 1½ carucates” (or 180
+acres); a Berewick meaning an outlying farm (from “bere” barley, and
+“wick” a village) belonging to another manor.
+
+The parish was one of the estates taken by the Conqueror for himself,
+probably then forming part of the great Tumby Chase.  He afterwards
+granted the manor to his steward, Robert Despenser, a powerful Norman
+noble, the ancestor of the Earls of Gloucester, brother of the Earl
+Montgomery, and of Urso de Abetot, hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire.
+He held 15 manors in Lincolnshire, and 17 in Leicestershire, beside
+others elsewhere.
+
+Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it would be connected with that manor,
+as were so many other neighbouring parishes; and doubtless by a similar
+process, to the cases of Moorby and Wood Enderby, it belonged
+successively to the Brandons, Dukes of Suffolk; the Cecils, Earls of
+Exeter; the Howards, Earls of Berkshire; and finally, by purchase, passed
+to the Banks family, and through them to the Stanhopes.
+
+Among the Assize Rolls (No. 319, m. 9 d) is a plea, made at Hertford,
+10th May, 1247, in which “Joan de Leweline (with another) offered herself
+against Silvester, Bishop of Karlisle,” in a suit concerning “£20 of rent
+in Enderby, Moreby, Wilkesby and Cuningby, and the advowson of the church
+Moreby,” in which the bishop failed to appear.  But in a Feet of Fines,
+Lincoln, 32 Henry III., No. 131, an agreement was made (21st July, A.D.
+1248) by which the said Joan de Lewelyn (and others) did homage to the
+bishop, for these lands in Enderby, “Welkeby,” &c., and the advowson of
+“Moresby,” the bishop in turn granting to them “the homage and whole
+service of Ivo, son of Odo de Tymelby”; and they holding the land, &c.,
+“in chief of the aforesaid bishop; and doing therefor the fourth part of
+the service of one knight.” {207b}
+
+In another document, a Final Concord, dated 27th May, 1240, between Alan
+de Dauderby and Alice de Lysurs, it was agreed that Alice should “acquit
+him of the service which Robert de Theleby exacts . . . of half a
+knight’s fee, for which she is mesne.”  She further agrees that Alan and
+his heirs shall hold certain tenements of Alice and her heirs; to wit, 12
+oxgangs and 80 acres of land, two messuages, with a rent of 12s. 8d., and
+two parts of a mill in Theleby, Wilkeby, Burton; and a meadow called
+Utemyng, for the service a fourth part of a knight’s fee; and for this
+Alan gave her 10 marks.
+
+The former of these records shews that, like the other parishes connected
+with the Manor of Horncastle, the Bishops of Carlisle were at one period
+patrons of the benefice (and probably owners of the manor) of Wilkesby;
+but, while in the case of several other parishes, this patronage
+continues (only transferred to the Bishops of Manchester) to the present
+day, the patronage of Wilksby passed to others.  According to Liber Regis
+in 1711 and 1720 Lewis Dymoke presented to the benefice.  In 1764, by
+some arrangement, George Willows, Gent., presented; but again, in 1833,
+it was in the patronage of the Hon. the Champion, H. Dymoke, who
+appointed to the rectory a relative, the Rev. J. Bradshaw Tyrwhitt, one
+of a very old, knightly, Lincolnshire family, the Tyrwhitts of
+Stainfield, Kettleby, &c.  A tablet to his memory is erected in the
+church at Scrivelsby. {208a}  The patronage was subsequently acquired by
+J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., and is annexed to the chaplaincy of Revesby,
+which has no permanent endowment.
+
+Among the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the Herald’s Visitation
+in 1634, and preserved at the Heralds’ College, along with the Dymocks of
+Scrivelsby, Haltham, Kyme and Lincoln, is Paganell Hartgrave of Wilksby.
+{208b}
+
+The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a mean structure, erected in the
+18th century, of brick and Spilsby sandstone, standing on the site of an
+earlier church, of which nothing seems to remain except the font.  It
+consists of nave and chancel, both on a very small scale, and a wooden
+bell-turret, with one small bell.  The north and west walls are of
+sandstone, the former covered with a thick coating of tar to keep out the
+moisture; the east wall has alternate layers of brick and sandstone.
+Some improvements have been made in recent years, much needed to make it
+even a decent place of worship.  The two two-light trefoiled windows in
+the south wall of the nave have been framed in stone instead of wood, and
+filled with green glass.  The east window of the chancel has wooden
+mullions interlaced, and it has been adorned with paper representations
+of, in the centre the Ascension, to the left the Saviour holding an
+infant in his arms, to the right the child Jesus sitting among the
+doctors in the temple.
+
+The roof of the chancel is apsidal, externally, as well as the nave,
+covered with modern house tiles.  Internally the nave has a flat ceiling
+of deal boards.  The pulpit and seats are painted wainscot; there is a
+small modern oak reading desk, and a lectern to match it.  The chancel
+arch is a plain semicircle, but on its eastern side has a pointed Early
+English arch.  The chancel rails are of modern oak, slightly carved; and
+there is a deal credence table.  The 14th century font has a massive
+octagonal bowl, with large trefoils in each face, and grotesquely carved
+heads at the angles; the shaft being plain octagonal.  The improvements
+were made in 1896, at the cost of the late Mrs. Stanhope.
+
+The register dates from 1562.  In recent years the incumbency of Claxby
+Pluckacre, where the church had gone to ruins, has been annexed to the
+rectory of Wilksby, the joint value of the two being about £300 a year.
+They are held by the Rev. P. O. Ashby, Chaplain of Revesby.
+
+
+
+LANGRIVILLE & THORNTON-LE-FEN.
+
+
+These are modern accretions to the Soke of Horncastle, made in the early
+years of the 19th century.  They are distant southward from Horncastle
+about 13 miles; situated in a tract of land called Wildmore Fen, lying
+about midway between Coningsby to the north, and Boston to the south.  At
+various periods inundated by the sea, this continued, to the end of the
+18th century, more or less a region of morass; available in the summer
+for grazing, but generally during the winter under water; when all cattle
+had to be removed for safety to the lands under cultivation at the
+homesteads of the farmers; and if by chance the farmer was behindhand in
+removing them, and the floods became frozen, it was a common thing for
+his cattle, while slipping about on the ice, to be split up, or, as it
+was locally termed, “screeved,” and so become helpless, and fit only for
+slaughter. {209}
+
+An Act of Parliament was passed in 1787 or 1788, and commissioners were
+appointed, for the drainage of this and adjoining similar tracts; but
+little was done until 1800, when the able engineer, Mr. John Rennie,
+submitted his plans for the drainage to the commissioners.  His first
+report, dated April 7th, 1800, estimated the cost of draining Wildmore
+Fen alone at £29,702; the total outlay, for that and adjoining fens,
+being put at nearly £215,000.  By 1812 these operations were completed;
+and in that year an Act was passed making these lands parochial, and
+assigning the two portions above named to the Soke of Horncastle.
+
+
+
+LANGRIVILLE.
+
+
+Langriville, so called because it is near Langrick (or Long Creek) on the
+Witham, has an area of 2,514 acres, including Langrick Ferry; rateable
+value £3,300.  The population is entirely engaged in agriculture.  The
+nearest railway station is at Langrick, in the parish.
+
+It consists of the southern portion of Wildmore Fen, which at the
+enclosure was allotted to the Earl of Stamford and Warrington, in lieu of
+his manorial rights over Armtree and Wildmore; with other lands sold by
+the Drainage Commissioners, early in the 19th century.  The Earl’s
+estates afterwards passed, by purchase, to the late J. Fretwell Bramley
+and others.  The present Lord of the Manor is Lord Malcolm, of
+Poltallock; and he, the Rector of Coningsby, the executors of Lady Ingram
+Watkin, J. Linton, Esq., of Stirtcoe, Buckden, Herts., Harrison Hayter,
+Esq., W. Goodenough Hayter, Esq., Mr. Jonathan Fox, of Boston, E.
+Harrison, Esq., and Mr. William Pepper are the largest land owners.
+
+A small brick church was erected in 1831, consisting of nave, chancel and
+bell turret; and repaired and improved in 1885, by the Ecclesiastical
+Commissioners.  The Bishop of Lincoln is patron; and the Rev. W.
+Fitz-Harry Curtis is the incumbent, who has here a residence, with an
+income of £320 a year.
+
+The Wesleyans have a chapel at Langrick Ferry, also in Armtree Road.  By
+an order in council, dated 26th August, 1881, Langriville and
+Thornton-le-Fen were united, under the title of “The Consolidated
+Chapelry of Wildmore.”  There is a church at each place.  At the time of
+the enclosure fen allotments were assigned to various of the older
+parishes, and these are many of them now included in this modern
+district, comprising parts of Fishtoft Fen, of Coningsby, of Kirkstead,
+Scrivelsby, Woodhall, Dalderby, and Martin.  The entire area is now
+10,500 acres, and population 1,470.
+
+The National School, erected in 1857, is at Gipsy Bridge, now under a
+School Board.
+
+
+
+THORNTON-LE-FEN.
+
+
+Thornton-le-Fen adjoins Langriville, lying to the east of it, about three
+miles from Langrick railway station.  The area was originally about 1,425
+acres, including Bunkers Hill, part of Gipsy Bridge, and other scattered
+farms, which were sold by the Drainage Commissioners early in the 19th
+century, when it was made, by Act of Parliament, a parochial township.
+Rateable value £1,979.  It has its name from the former chief
+proprietors, the Thornton family; but the chief land owners now are Lord
+Malcolm of Poltalloch, the Pepper, Ireland, Creasey, Ward, and Wilcock
+families.  The soil is clay, and very fertile.
+
+The church, which was built on the Fen Chapel Estates in 1816, is a small
+brick building, containing 200 sittings; the benefice, valued at £100 a
+year, is in the gift of the Bishop of Lincoln, and by order in council,
+dated 26th August, 1881, was consolidated with the chapelry of
+Langriville; the two being of the united yearly value of £320, and held
+by the Rev. W. Fitz-Harry Curtis, who resides at the latter place.
+
+A good school and master’s house were erected in 1880, by the School
+Board of Wildmore Fen, at a cost of about £1,200, to accommodate 168
+children.  The Wesleyans have a chapel at New York and Bunkers’ Hill.
+The Primitive Methodists have also a chapel.
+
+The Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to whom the Fen Chapel Estates were
+transferred in 1876, pay £120 a year for a curate, who now is the Rev.
+Harold E. Curtis.  The total area is now 10,500 acres, and population
+1,470.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+NOTE.—Other parishes have once been in the Soke of Horncastle, which no
+longer belong to it.  _Domesday Book_ gives Scrivelsby, “Langton and
+(its) Thorpe” (from which I write; “Thorpe” being doubtless the outlying
+district recently known as Langton St. Andrew), and also Edlington.  How
+these became separated is not known.  As suggested by the author of
+_Scrivelsby_, _the home of the Champions_, Scrivelsby, as a barony of the
+Marmyon and Dymoke families, would probably be separated by payment of a
+fine; such powerful families preferring not to be sub-ordinated to
+another manor.  Several Dymokes, however, were buried at Horncastle,
+where are their monuments.
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+A
+
+
+Abrincis, Hugo de, “The Wolf,” 206.
+
+Accident, remarkable, of Dr. J. B. Smith, 94.
+
+Adelias de Cundi, 1, 16, 17, 200.
+
+Albemarle, Earl of, 166.
+
+Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, 30 and note.
+
+Allison, Henry, wealthy, in Hull, 158.
+
+Allenby, Henry, Chemist to H.M.S., 157.
+
+Allerton, Lord, Horncastrian, 152.
+
+Ancaster, Earl of, 204.
+
+Angevine, family of, 27, 28.
+
+Angus, Earl of, 168, 181.
+
+Arms of Charles I., 191.
+,, temp. Charles I., 192.
+,, of Marmyon, Dymoke, Umfraville, Willoughby, &c., in Coningsby Church,
+205.
+
+Ashby, West, 176–180.
+,, Church described, 181, 182.
+
+Ayscough, Clynton, 198.
+,, Elizabeth, 201.
+,, Henry, 201.
+,, Walter, 198.
+,, William, 197.
+
+
+
+B
+
+
+Babington, Miss, window to, 59.
+
+Bage, _i.e._ sod, 189.
+
+Baieux, Bishop of, 165, 166.
+
+Bain, river name, meaning of, 2.
+
+Baker, Thomas, cricketer, ventriloquist, &c., 159.
+
+Banks, Sir Joseph, 31, 181, 194 and note, 196, 209.
+
+Baptists, sect of, 84–86.
+,, Chapel, 84.
+
+Barkham, Sir Robert, 187.
+
+Barracks at Queen’s Head Inn, 162.
+
+Bavent, Eudo de, 27, 196.
+,, Close, field name, 27.
+
+Beaumont, family of, 190.
+
+Bell and Lancastrian Schools, 111, 112.
+
+Berewick in Coningsby, held by Sortibrand, 206.
+,, in Wilksby, 207.
+
+Bertie, Hon. Charles, 187.
+,, Richard, 182, 186.
+
+Bevere, Drogo de, 166.
+
+Bishop of Carlisle, 12, 30 and note.
+
+“Black Death” at Horncastle, 51, 189.
+
+Bocher, Arthur, Esq., 188.
+
+Bolle, Charles, 187.
+,, George, 187.
+
+Bolles, Sir Robert, 171.
+
+Boucherett, Ascoghe, 198.
+
+Boulton, Dr. Barnard, window to, 37.
+,, Henry, window to first wife, 38.
+,, “Billy,” anecdote of, 160.
+
+Bourne, The Venerable Hugh, 73–76.
+,, College, 77.
+
+Brackenbury, Mr. Carr, Wesley’s friend, 66, 68, and note.
+
+“Branks,” or “scold’s bridle,” 205.
+
+Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 196, 200, 202, 207.
+
+British words still used, 3.
+
+Britons, Cæsar’s description of, 2, 3 and notes.
+,, good workmen, 3.
+
+Britons, Tacitus account of, 5.
+
+Brown, Rev. Benson, 153.
+,, John, “Laureate,” 158, 159.
+,, Martin, and press gang, 156.
+
+Brownists, sect of, 78.
+
+Bunyon, John, 84.
+
+“Butts,” field name, meaning of, 174.
+
+
+
+C
+
+
+Calthrop Lieut. Richard, window to, 180.
+
+Camville, Gerard de, 26.
+
+Canal, Horncastle, history of, 126–129.
+,, opening ceremony, 127–128.
+
+Canals recognised by Magna Charta, 128.
+
+Caparn, Rev. W. B., 153.
+
+Capella, Henry de, 178.
+
+Carlisle, Bishops of, 46, 167, 168, 181, 196, 200, 203, 207.
+
+Carsey (or Kersey), John, 202.
+
+Catherine, St., altar of, 200.
+,, ,, chantry of, 36, 37.
+
+Cecil, Sir Thomas, 29, 30, 203.
+
+Chamerlayn dole, 189.
+
+Chapel, St. Laurence’s, 33, 34.
+
+Charles I., arms of, 191.
+
+Charters of markets and fairs, 18.
+
+Chattels of felons granted to bishop, 19, 45.
+
+Cheney, family of, 16, 17.
+
+Church, St. Mary’s, 33–45.
+,, not original, 33.
+,, plate, 55, 56.
+,, restored, 56.
+,, Holy Trinity, 57–59.
+,, ,, architect of, 57.
+,, Lads’ Brigade, 63.
+,, Schools, National, 63.
+,, service, absence from, fined, 48.
+
+Clarke, Rev. T. J., Vicar, account, 60.
+
+Claribel, Mrs. Barnard, 180.
+
+Clerical Club, 63, 137, 138.
+
+Clinton, Lord, and family, 12, 20, 21, 92 and note, 188.
+
+Clinton, Lord, engraving of, 97.
+,, Sir Edward, 12.
+
+Clitherow, Mr. Robert, window to, 38.
+
+Clowes, William, 75, 76.
+
+Cock and Breeches Inn, 162.
+
+Cock-fighting, 164.
+
+Coins found at Mareham-on-the-Hill, 184.
+
+Coningsby, 203–207.
+,, Church, 204–7.
+,, land owners of, 204.
+,, Rector of, Poet Laureate, 205, 206.
+,, Sir Fitz-William, Sheriff, 206.
+,, ,, at battle of the Boyne saved the king’s life, 206.
+
+Coningsby, mansion of, 206.
+
+Conyngsby, Humphrey 187, 206.
+
+Constable, an old smuggler, 162.
+
+Coppuldyke, Thomas and wife, guild of, 42 and note.
+
+Corn Exchange, 140–142.
+
+Court House, account of, 135, 136.
+
+Craycroft of Craycroft, 187.
+
+Cressey, Nicholas, gent., 198.
+
+Crispus and Crispinianus, window, 37 and note, 42 and note.
+
+Cromwell visits Horncastle, 32.
+
+Cromwell, Ralph de, 190.
+
+Cussons, John, Confederate General, &c., 158.
+
+
+
+D
+
+
+Danish Conquerors, 10.
+
+Despenser, Robert, 191, 195, 205, 206, 207.
+
+Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, 195.
+
+Destructive storms at Horncastle, 51.
+
+Dispensary, history of, 119–125.
+,, balls, 124.
+,, dispensers, 124.
+,, legacies, 125.
+,, present building, 124, 125.
+,, presidents, 123, 124.
+,, sermons, 122, 123.
+,, vice-presidents, 124.
+
+Dixon, Miss Annie, artist, 151.
+
+Dogdyke, _i.e._ Dock-dyke, 204.
+
+Dole, Chamerlayn, at Roughton, 188.
+
+Drill Hall, 148–150.
+
+Drogo de Bruere, 206.
+
+Dymoke, Edward, 188.
+,, John, of Haltham, 191.
+,, John, Rev., 190.
+,, Lionel, curious will of, 183–184.
+,, Robert, 187.
+,, Sir Henry, 189.
+,, Sir Lionel, monument to, 41.
+,, ,, engraving, 42.
+,, Thomas, 187.
+
+Dymokes, 205, 206, 208, 210.
+
+
+
+E
+
+
+Eastwood, family of, 190.
+
+Editha, Queen, 180.
+
+Elmhirst, General Charles, window to, 179.
+,, William, Esq., 180.
+
+Enderby, Wood, 201–203.
+
+Escald, Gerald de, 11, 17, 200.
+
+Eusden, Rev. Laurence, Poet Laureate, Rector of Coningsby, 205.
+
+
+
+F
+
+
+Fast, solemn, at Horncastle, 51.
+
+Felons, right to try, of Bishop of Carlisle, 45.
+
+Fighting Cocks Inn, 164.
+,, foxhounds kept at, 164.
+,, scythe fair at, 164.
+
+Fitz-William, family of, 28, 29.
+
+Forests, extensive, 2, 3 and note, 18 and note, 202 and note, 207.
+
+Fox, Mrs. Salome, window to, 38.
+
+Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, in church, 44.
+
+Franklin, Sir John, 156.
+
+Freshville, Peter, Frances, daughter of, 42 and note.
+
+Fynes, Norreys, Esq., 189.
+,, Thomas, 206.
+
+
+
+G
+
+
+Gairmaro, Geoffrey, chronicler, 16 and note.
+
+Gallows of Bishop of Carlisle, 19.
+,, at Thimbleby, of Abbot, 170.
+
+Gaunt, Walter, 166 and note, 167.
+
+George, Dr. Hugh, window to, 59.
+,, Inn, 162.
+,, ,, incident at, 163.
+
+Gibson, Thomas, Vicar, 39, 40 and note, 51, 52.
+
+Giles, Prebendary, window to, 39.
+
+Gilliat, Rev. Edward, author, &c., 152.
+
+Glenham family, 196, 201.
+
+Goldie, Rev. C. D., Curate, account of, 62.
+
+Goodrich, Robert, 187.
+
+Grace, Pilgrimage of, 47, 48.
+
+Grammar School, history of, 91–107.
+,, distinctions of old boys, 105.
+,, distinguished boys, 95, 96.
+,, games and customs, 99–104.
+,, Governors, 92.
+,, Madge, Dr., late Master, 105.
+,, Masters, former under, 97–99.
+,, modern, 105.
+,, new buildings, future, 107.
+,, origin of, early, 91, 92, 106.
+,, property of, 92.
+,, White, Rev. T., 99.
+,, Worman, Mr. A. N., 105.
+
+Grosvenor, Rev. Francis, 98, 99.
+,, F., 152, 153.
+
+
+
+H
+
+
+Hallgarth, interesting old house in Thimbleby, 172.
+
+Haltham, 190–192.
+,, church, interesting, 191.
+
+Hamerton, John, Churchwarden, 39.
+,, family, 52, 53.
+
+Hangman’s Corner, 19, 46.
+
+Hardingshall, Sir William, 187.
+
+Hartgrave, Paganell, of Wilksby, 208.
+
+Hartwell, Lady, 188.
+
+Harwood, Mr. F., window to, 38.
+
+Hawley, Sir Henry M., 189.
+
+Heald, George, Chancellor, 163.
+,, and Lola Montez, incident, 163.
+
+Healey, A. H., athlete, 154.
+
+Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, 204.
+,, Sir John, 205.
+
+Heneage family, 190.
+
+Henry IV., visits Horncastle, 32.
+
+“Hoblers” for the army, 14.
+
+Holles, Gervase, description of church windows, 42 and note.
+
+Holles, Gervase, wife buried at Horncastle, 37 and note.
+
+Holme, _i.e._ island, Danish, 2.
+
+Hopton, Sir Ingram, 40, 41.
+
+Horncastle, British settlement, 1.
+,, Manor, owners of, 11, 12, 13, 17, 20, 22, 24.
+,, market tolls, 13, 14.
+,, Benefice, King appoints to, 46.
+,, Rector murdered, 46.
+,, Rector changed to Vicar, 47.
+,, Peter de Galicia appointed to, 47.
+,, Rectors and Vicars, list of, 50, 51.
+,, rectory house, former, 55.
+
+Hotchkin, family of, connected with Thimbleby, 172.
+
+Hounds kept at Fighting Cocks, 164.
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+Independents, sect of and chapel, 77–83.
+
+Islep, Simon de, Rector, 19, 46.
+
+
+
+J
+
+
+“Jack” Musters kept hounds at Fighting Cocks, 164.
+
+
+
+K
+
+
+Keane, Charles, and Horncastle, 156.
+,, Edmund, 156.
+
+Kemp family and Thimbleby, 173, 175.
+,, meaning of name, 173 and note.
+
+Kent, John, owner of Horncastle Manor, 24.
+
+King’s Head Inn, thatched, 164.
+
+Kirkstead, Thimbleby belonged to Abbot of, 169, 170.
+,, Abbot of, arbitrary action of, 170.
+
+Knyght, questionable action of, 169.
+
+
+
+L
+
+
+Lancastrian and Bell Schools, 111, 112.
+
+Langley, Ambrose, footballer, 157.
+
+Langton, John de, Rector of Horncastle, Bishop of Chichester, 46.
+
+Langrick, meaning of, 209.
+
+Langriville, 209.
+,, Church, 209, 210.
+,, School, 210.
+
+Langworth, meaning of, 204.
+
+Leweline, Joan de, 207.
+
+Leych, William, curious will of, 197.
+
+Lincolnshire Rising, 47, 48, 187.
+,, William Leche, “begynner” of, 47.
+
+Lindsey, Earl of, 187.
+
+Literary Society, 138.
+
+Lizures, William de, 26, 27.
+
+Lodge, Canon S., lectern given by, 39 and note.
+,, ,, Master of Grammar School, 99.
+
+Lola Montez, incident, 163.
+
+Lord, Rev. Thomas, centenarian, 82, 89–90.
+
+L’Oste, Rev. S., Rector of Langton, 93.
+
+Lovell, Sir Thomas, Knt., 202.
+
+Lysurs, Alice de, 207.
+
+
+
+M
+
+
+Madely, Dr. Clement, tablet to, in St. Mary’s, 44 and note.
+
+Malcolm, Lord, of Poltallock, Lord of Langriville Manor, 209, 210.
+
+Malingars, field name, 191.
+
+Mareham-le-Fen, 192–198.
+,, church described, 192–194.
+
+Mareham-on-the-Hill, 183, 184.
+,, Church, 184.
+
+Marwood, hangman, 154, 155.
+
+Massingbird, Thomas, 187.
+
+Mechanics’ Institute, 139, 140.
+
+Milner, Canon, W. H., Vicar, 61.
+
+Moorby, 198–200.
+,, church described, 198.
+,, communion plate, 199.
+,, minstrel column, 199.
+
+Mordaunt, John, owner in Coningsby, 206.
+
+Moyne, Thomas, rebel, 188.
+
+Murder at Queen’s Head Inn, 162.
+
+Musters, “Jack,” kept hounds, 164.
+
+
+
+N
+
+
+Newcomen, family, 187, 190, 198.
+
+New Jerusalem, sect of, 86–89.
+,, Chapel, 88.
+,, first resident minister, 89.
+
+Ninian, St., in window of St. Mary’s, 37, 42 and note.
+
+Nonconformist places of worship, 64–90.
+
+Norman Conquerors, 11, 13.
+
+
+
+O
+
+
+Oddities of Horncastle, 160, 161.
+
+Organ, fine, of parish church, 36.
+
+Ortiay, Henry del, tenure by spurs, 180, 181, 203.
+
+Ouseley, Sir F. Gore, of Wesley family, 64 and note.
+
+Oven, public, 134 and note.
+
+Overseer, a woman appointed, 188.
+
+
+
+P
+
+
+Paganell, Ranulph de, 177.
+
+Palfreyman, of Horncastle, 52.
+
+Palmer, Rev. E. R. H. G., 184.
+
+Pancake bell, 34.
+
+Paynell, 178.
+
+Penance done in church, 186.
+
+Pilgrimage of Grace, 47, 48.
+
+Pingle, field name, 191.
+
+Plague, 188, 191.
+
+Plesington, Henry, Knt., 187.
+
+Primitive Methodists, sect of, 71, 77.
+,, chapel described, 72.
+
+Publichouses, 161–164.
+,, now gone, 162, 163, 164.
+
+
+
+Q
+
+
+Quarrington, Canon E. F., late Vicar, window to, 37.
+
+Queen’s Head Inn, murder at, 162.
+
+
+
+R
+
+
+Raengeires, British leader, 9.
+
+Railway, 130–132.
+,, opening ceremony of, 131, 132.
+
+Ravennas, Geographer, 5 and note.
+
+Rayne, Bishop’s Chancellor, slain, 48.
+
+Rennie, Mr. John, Engineer, 209.
+
+Rhodes, Gerard de, 184, 203.
+,, Ralph de, 12, 17, 18, 19, 180, 184, 191, 192, 200, 203, 206.
+
+Rinder, Mr. Joseph, 178.
+
+River names, celtic, 1.
+
+Rivett, Mr. John, 70.
+
+Robber taking refuge in church, 45.
+
+Robinson, Miss, and Queen’s dresses, 157, 158.
+,, Rev. John, 78–80.
+
+Rolleston, Edward, Esq., 186.
+,, family, 186.
+
+Rolston, Edward, 187.
+
+Roman coffins, 7, 8.
+,, coins, 4.
+,, commanders, 3, 5.
+,, milestone, 5.
+,, pipes, 8.
+,, pottery, 6, 7, 134 and note.
+,, roads, 5, 6.
+,, tomb at Thimbleby, 174.
+,, urns, 6.
+,, walls, 6.
+,, wells, 6.
+
+Rose, Rev. W., 82, 83.
+
+Ross, Sir John, 156.
+
+Round House, the (prison), 135.
+
+Roughton, 188.
+,, church described, 188.
+,, plague at, 188.
+
+Rushton, “Aty,” 160.
+,, Thomas, fisherman, 160.
+
+
+
+S
+
+
+Salt, a property, 182.
+
+Sanctuary in church, right of, 45.
+
+Sapcote, Sir Richard, 186.
+
+Savile, 22, 25, 26.
+
+Saxon conquerors, 9.
+,, minstrel pillar, 199.
+
+Schofield, John, marries bishop’s daughter, 157.
+
+Science and Art School, 112.
+,, great efficiency of, 114.
+,, lectures on special subjects, 115–118.
+,, origin of, 112.
+,, teachers of, 114, 115.
+
+Scrope family, 20.
+
+Scott, Sir Gilbert, at Horncastle, 134.
+
+Scythes in church, probable history of, 41 and note.
+,, engraving of, 48.
+
+Scythe fair, 164.
+
+Sessions House, former, 135.
+
+Sewer, common for drain, 190 and note.
+
+Sharp, Rev. W. Heneage, 154.
+
+Shepherd, Capt., “old salt,” 156.
+
+Ship-money, complaint of, temp. Charles I, 14.
+
+Skynner, family of, 169.
+
+Slated house, first in Horncastle, 164.
+
+Smith, Captain, Surgeon, 157.
+,, Dr. J. Bainbridge of Grammar School, 93, 95, 99, 101.
+
+Snowden, Bishop of Carlisle, 30.
+,, Rutland, “delinquent,” 54.
+,, ,, benefactor to Horncastle, 54.
+,, ,, among Lincolnshire gentry, 55.
+
+Socmen, bordars, and villeins, 183 and note.
+
+Somercotes, Sir William, 187.
+
+Southey, Rev. T. C., Curate, 62.
+
+Southwell, Miss Trafford, 202.
+
+Spinning School, 134 and note.
+
+Spranger, Dr. R., 186.
+,, Chancellor, 186.
+
+Spurrier, Rev. H., 189.
+,, H. C. M., 189.
+
+Spurs, tenure by, 181, 203.
+
+Stanhope family, 31.
+,, J. Banks, Esq., 192.
+,, Memorial, 136, 137.
+
+Swedenborg, Emanuel, 86.
+
+
+
+T
+
+
+Tailboys, Sir Walter, 181.
+
+Taillebois, family of, 206.
+
+Tanning formerly chief trade of Horncastle, 53.
+
+Tennyson, A., and brother married in Horncastle, 44, 162.
+
+Thatched publichouse, by will, 164.
+
+Theft from St. Mary’s Church, 42 and note, 47, 48.
+
+Theleby, 208.
+
+Thief to catch thieves, 161.
+
+Thimbleby, 165–176.
+,, church described, 175, 176.
+,, engraving of, 171.
+
+Thornton-le-Fen, 210.
+,, Church, 210.
+,, School, 210.
+
+Thornton family, 210.
+
+Three Maids’ Inn, 164.
+
+Thymelby family, 24, 25, 168, 181.
+
+Tibetot, Robert, 12, 19, 20.
+
+Tom Cat Inn, 164.
+
+Toynton, High, 180–184.
+,, ,, Church, 181, 182.
+,, Low, 184–188.
+,, ,, Church, 184–186.
+,, ,, ,, engraving of, 185.
+
+Trafford, W. H., Esq., 191, 202.
+
+Train-bands, arms of, 14.
+
+Trinity Church Horncastle, 57–60.
+,, engraving of, 59.
+
+Trunyan’s, light of, our Lady’s light, &c., 44, 45.
+
+Tumby Chase, 202.
+
+Turner and Cato Street Conspiracy, 155, 156.
+,, Sir Edmund, 184.
+
+Tymelby, Ivo de, 207.
+
+Tyrwhitt, Douglas, a lady, 52.
+,, old county family, 29, 208.
+
+
+
+U
+
+
+Umfraville, Earl of Angus, 168, 181.
+
+Union, the, or workhouse, 133–135.
+
+Union, early laws concerning paupers, 133, 134.
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+Volunteers, history of, 145–148.
+,, Drill Hall, 148–150.
+,, practiced on Edlington Road, 162.
+
+
+
+W
+
+
+Walter, Rev. H., B.D., _History of England_, 64.
+
+Waring, river name, meaning “rough,” 2.
+
+Watson’s Free School, 108–111.
+,, property of, 110.
+,, Governors, original, 110 and note.
+
+Well-syke, field and wood name, 190 and note.
+
+Wesley, John, 65–67.
+,, Charles, 65.
+
+Wesleyan, sect of, 64–71.
+,, Chapel, 70.
+,, ,, engraving of, 65.
+,, circuits, 66.
+,, centenary, 71.
+
+Whelpton Almshouses, 142–144.
+
+Whichcote, Clinton, of Coningsby, 207.
+
+Wildmore Fen added to Horncastle, 209.
+
+Wilksby, 207.
+,, Church, 208.
+
+Williams, Thomas, missionary, 69, 70.
+
+Willoughby, William de, and family, 167.
+,, de Eresby, Lord, 204.
+
+Winchester, Bishop of, held land in Coningsby, 206.
+
+Wood Enderby, 201–203.
+,, Church, 201, 202.
+
+Workhouse, before Union, 134.
+,, village, 134.
+
+
+
+Y
+
+
+Young Churchmen’s Union, 63.
+
+
+
+Z
+
+
+Zouch, Eudo la, bequest to, 197.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+    Printed by W. K. Morton & Sons, Ltd., 27, High Street, Horncastle.
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+
+{0}  His father, for about 12 months, occupied the house in North Street,
+of late years known as the “Red House,” distinguished, it is said, as
+being the only house in the town having a front door of mahogany.
+
+{1a}  Mr. Jeans, in his _Handbook for Lincolnshire_, p. 142, says “the
+Roman station (here) probably utilized an existing British settlement.”
+
+{1b}  _Words and Places_, p. 13, note.  Ed. 1873.
+
+{1c}  There are probably traces of British hill-forts in the
+neighbourhood, as on Hoe hill, near Holbeck, distant 4 miles, also
+probably at Somersby, Ormsby, and several other places.
+
+{1d}  In the name of the near village of Edlington we have probably a
+trace of the mystic Druid, _i.e._ British, deity Eideleg, while in
+Horsington we may have the Druid sacred animal.  Olivers’ _Religious
+Houses_, Appendix, p. 167.
+
+{2a}  _Words and Places_, p. 130.
+
+{2b}  The meadow which now lies in the angle formed by the junction of
+the Bain and Waring at Horncastle is still called “The Holms,” which is
+Danish for “islands.”
+
+{2c}  The name Bain, slightly varied, is not uncommon.  There is the
+Bannon, or Ban-avon (“avon” also meaning “river”), in Pembrokeshire; the
+Ban in Co. Wexford, Bana in Co. Down, Banney (_i.e._ Ban-ea, “ea” also
+meaning water) in Yorkshire, Bain in Herefordshire; Banavie (avon) is a
+place on the brightly running river Lochy in Argyleshire; and, as meaning
+“white,” a fair-haired boy or girl is called in Gaelic “Bhana.”
+
+{2d}  The name Waring (G commonly representing the modern W) is found in
+the Yarrow, and Garry in Scotland, the Geirw, a rough mountain stream, at
+Pont-y-glyn, in North Wales, and in the Garonne in France.
+
+{2e}  _Ars Poetica_, l 59.
+
+{2f}  An account of this urn is given by the late Bishop Trollope, with
+an engraving of it, in the _Architectural Society’s Journal_, vol. iv, p.
+200.
+
+{2g}  _De Bella Gallico_, bk. v, ch. 12–14.
+
+{2h}  Some idea of the extent of these forests, even in later times, may
+be formed from the account given by De la Prime (_Philosophical
+Transactions_, No. 75, p. 980) who says “round about the skirts of the
+wolds are found infinite millions of the roots and bodies of trees of
+great size.”  Pliney tells us that the Britons had “powerful mastiffs”
+for hunting the wild boar, and Manwood in an old _Treatise on Forest
+Laws_ (circa 1680) states (p. 60) that the finest mastiffs were bred in
+Lincolnshire.  Fuller, in his _Worthies of England_ (p. 150) mentions
+that a Dutchman (circa 1660) coming to England for sport, spent a whole
+season in pursuit of wild game “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” by which
+doubtless were intended the wolds.  A writer in the _Archæological
+Journal_ (June, 1846) says “the whole country of the Coritani (_i.e._
+Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, &c.) was then, and long after, a dense
+forest.”  The name “Coritani,” or more properly Coitani, is the Roman
+adaptation of the British “Coed,” a wood, which still survives in Wales
+in such place-names as “Coed Coch,” the red wood, “Bettws y Coed,” the
+chapel in the wood, &c.  This was their distinguishing characteristic to
+the Roman, they were wood-men.
+
+{3}  To the skill and bravery in war of the Britons Cæsar bears
+testimony.  He says, “They drive their chariots in all directions,
+throwing their spears, and by the fear of their horses and the noise of
+their wheels they disturb the ranks of their enemies; when they have
+forced their way among the troops they leap down and fight on foot.  By
+constant practice they acquire such skill that they can stop, turn, and
+guide their horses when at full speed and in the most difficult ground.
+They can run along the chariot pole, sit on the collar and return with
+rapidity into the chariot, by which novel mode (he says) his men were
+much disturbed.”  (“Novitate pugnæ perturbati.”)  _De Bella Gallico_,
+lib. iv, c, 33, 34.
+
+{5a}  An account of this milestone is given by the late Precentor
+Venables, in his _Walks through the Streets of Lincoln_, two Lectures,
+published by J. W. Ruddock, 253, High Street, Lincoln.
+
+{5b}  Stukeley, _Itinerarium curiosum_, p. 28; Weir’s _History of
+Horncastle_, p. 4, ed. 1820; Saunders’ _History_, vol. ii, p. 90, ed.
+1834; Bishop Trollope, _Architectural Society’s Journal_, vol. iv, p.
+199, &c.
+
+{5c}  Ravennas, whose personal name is not known (that term merely
+meaning a native of Ravenna), was an anonymous geographer, who wrote a
+_Chorography of Britian_, as well as of several other countries, about
+A.D. 650.  These were confessedly compilations from older authorities,
+and were, two centuries later, revised by Guido of Ravenna, and doubtless
+by others at a later period still, since the work, in its existent form
+describes the Saxons and Danes, as well, in Britain.  As Gallio, also of
+Ravenna, was the last Roman general in command in these parts, it has
+been suggested that he was virtually the original author (Horsley’s
+_Britannia_, 1732, chap. iv., p. 489; also _The Dawn of Modern
+Geography_, by C. Raymond Beazley, M.A., F.R.G.S., 1897, J. Murray).
+Messrs. Pinder and Parthey published an edition of _Ravennas_, _or the
+Ravennese Geographer_, as did also Dr. Gale.
+
+{5e}  _Life of Agricola_ c. xxxi.
+
+{6a}  This is a thoroughly provincial word for highway or turnpike.  It
+is of course a corruption of “Rampart,” a fortified passage.  In the
+marsh districts the main roads are called “rampires.”  See Brogden’s
+_Provincial Words_.
+
+{6b}  The name Baumber, again, also written Bam-burgh, means a “burgh,”
+or fortress on the Bain, which runs through that parish.
+
+{7a}  These urns are fully described with an engraving of them in vol.
+iv, pt. ii, of the _Architectural Society’s Journal_, by the late Bishop
+Dr. E. Trollope.
+
+{7b}  _Architect. S. Journal_, iv, ii, p. 201.
+
+{8}  Gough, _Sepulchral Monuments_, Introduction, p. 59, says “coffins of
+lead and wood are believed to have been used by the Romans in Britain.”
+
+{9}  The first Danish incursions into England were in A.D. 786 and 787,
+specially in Lincolnshire in 838.  In 869 was fought the decisive battle
+of Threckingham in this county, which made the Danes paramount.  The name
+Threckingham is said to be derived from the fact that 3 kings were slain
+in this battle, but we believe this to be an error, and that the place
+was the residence, the “ham” of the Threcginghas.
+
+{10}  The prefix “Horn” is also found in Holbeach Hurn, an angular
+headland on the south coast of Lincolnshire.  In the monkish Latin of old
+title deeds, we also find the patronymic Hurne, Hearne, &c., represented
+by its equivalent “de angulo,” _i.e._ “of the corner.”
+
+{11a}  Dr. Mansell Creighton, late Bishop of London.  _Essays_, edited by
+Louisa Creighton, 1904, pp. 278–9.
+
+{11b}  The palace of the Bishop was on the site of the present Manor
+House.
+
+{11c}  Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.  _Monast. Angl._, vol. ii, p. 646.
+
+{12a}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No. 14, m. 1.
+
+{12b}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Edward I., 1274–5.
+
+{12c}  This sale was confirmed by the King, as shewn by a Charter Roll,
+14 Henry III., pt. i, m. 12 3 Ed. I., 1274–5.
+
+{12d}  Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. i, m. 3.  A.D. 1390.
+
+{12e}  Patent Roll, 6 Edward VI., pt. iii, m. 1.
+
+{12f}  Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m 2, (44) 28 Nov., 1553.
+
+{12g}  Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes Clinton.  _Annual Register_, 1772, p.
+2.
+
+{12h}  Coram Rege Roll, Portsmouth, April 20, 14 Chas. II.
+
+{13a}  Exchequer Bills and Answers, 11 Charles V., Lincoln, No. 185.
+
+{13b}  The carucate varied in different parts of the country, in
+Lincolnshire it was 120 acres.  Gelt was a land tax, first imposed by the
+Danes in the reign of Ethelred, about A.D. 991, being 2s. on the
+carucate.  Villeins and bordars were under-tenants of two different
+classes, bordars being superior to villeins.  (Introd. _Domesday Book_,
+by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).
+
+{13c}  Barristers are said to have been first appointed by Edward I.,
+A.D. 1291.
+
+{16a}  Among the Lincoln Cathedral Charters is an imperfect one, which
+mentions her “Castle of Tornegat (can this be a corruption for
+Horncastle?), her land at Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby
+(Thurlby) in Lincolnshire,” _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1901, p.
+22.  There is a notice of her in the _Dictionary of National Biography_,
+vol. I.
+
+{16b}  This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself rather an interesting figure in
+local history.  He is mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy
+and Martin, 1888–9), as the author of _L’estorie des Engles_, a rhyming
+chronicle, based chiefly on the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, and Geoffrey of
+Monmouth (between A.D. 1135 and 1147).  He undertook his work at the
+request of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the
+manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a Norman who
+lived in that parish.  He quotes _The Book of Washingborough_ and _The
+Lay of Haveloc the Dane_, relating to Grimsby.  He does not directly
+mention Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by
+celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.
+
+{16c}  Camden’s _Britannia_, pp. 45, 288, 529.
+
+{16d}  _History of Lincoln_, 1816, p. 138.
+
+{16e}  Camden, p. 88.  A Lincoln Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503)
+shows that on the death of Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney,
+owning the manors of Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert
+Willoughby, Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.
+
+{16f}  Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.  D. Mon, ii, p. 646.  (_Architectural
+Society’s Journal_, 1895, p. 23).
+
+{17a}  Dugdale _Baronage_, p. 39.
+
+{17b}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274–5.  A
+Pipe Roll also, 1 Richard I., A.D. 1189–90, mentions “Gerbod de Escalt as
+paying a tale of £80 in Horncastre.”
+
+{17c}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and
+ditto, No. 38, same date.  Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a
+Chancellor’s Roll, 3 John, A.D. 1201–1, as paying certain fees for
+Horncastle.  He is also named in the document above quoted (Hundred
+Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on the demise of
+Gerbald de Escald.
+
+{17d}  Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, Lincoln.
+
+{18a}  Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15 June, 1281, quoted _Lincolnshire
+Notes & Queries_, vol. v, p. 216.
+
+{18b}  Coram Rege Roll, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, 12 May, 1285.  _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, pp. 219–20.
+
+{18c}  The transfer of the manor to the bishop is further proved by a
+Carlisle document, a chancery inquisition post mortem, dated Dec. 11,
+1395, which states that a certain John Amery, owner of a messuage in the
+parish “by fealty and the service of 16d. of rent, by the year, holds of
+the Bishop of Carlisle, and the said Bishop holds of the King.”
+
+{18d}  The bishops of those days were sportsmen.  It is recorded of a
+Bishop of Ely that he rode to the Cathedral “with hawk on wrist,” and
+left it in the cloister while doing “God’s service.”  There it was stolen
+and he solemnly excommunicated the thief.  Aukenleck MS., temp. Ed. II.,
+British Museum.  The extensive woods in the soke of Horncastle abounded
+in game, as we have already shown by the tolls charged on roebuck, hares,
+&c., brought into the town.  The punishment for killing a wild boar,
+without the king’s licence, was the loss of both eyes.  These feræ naturæ
+became extinct about A.D. 1620.
+
+{18e}  These and other privileges granted to the Bishop are first
+specified in a Cartulary Roll, 14–15 Henry III.; they are renewed in a
+Memoranda Roll of 4 Ed. III.; again in the 25th year of Henry VI., and
+further in a Roll attested by Charles II., in his court at Westminster,
+Feb. 26, 1676.  The August Fair was, in late years, altered by the Urban
+Council to begin on the 2nd Monday in the month, and to end on the
+following Thursday, it really however begins on the previous Thursday.
+
+{19a}  Roll 104, Hilary Term, 24 Ed. III. (1350).  County Placita,
+Lincoln, No. 46.
+
+{19b}  De Banco Roll, Michaelmas, 41 Ed. III., m. 621, Aug. 3, 1368,
+Lincoln.
+
+{19c}  Coram Rege Roll, Trinity, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, Westminster, 12 May,
+1285.  Given in _Lincolnshire Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 220.
+
+{20a}  Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. 2, m. 47, 8 Dec., 1390.  _Lincs.
+Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 221.
+
+{20b}  Fuller’s _Church History of Britain_, vol. i, pp. 240, 242.
+
+{20c}  Camden’s _Britannia_, p. 484.
+
+{20d}  Camden’s _Britannia_, p. 522.
+
+{20e}  _Ibid_, p. 978.  The name of Tibetot may possibly still survive in
+the family of Tibbot, who till quite recently held the manor of Thimbleby
+in the soke of Horncastle.
+
+{20f}  _Ibidem_, p. 489.
+
+{20g}  _Ibidem_, p. 88.
+
+{20h}  _Ibidem_, p. 760.  This castle was built by Richard, Baron le
+Scrope, Chancellor of England under Richard II.
+
+{20i}  _Ibidem_, p. 99.
+
+{20j}  _Ibidem_, p. 722.
+
+{20k}  Patent Roll 6 Ed. VI., pt. 3, m. 1, 21 Nov., 1552, witnessed by
+the king at Westminster.
+
+{21a}  Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m. 2 (44), 28 Nov., 1553.
+
+{21b}  Historical MS. Commission.  Calendar of MS. of the most Honble.
+the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., &c., p. 179.
+
+{21c}  This Earl of Lincoln would seem to have been of a particularly hot
+temperament.  I have mentioned in another volume (_Records of Woodhall
+Spa_, pp. 14.0, &c.) several of his actions of gross violence against the
+Saviles of Poolham Hall, in this neighbourhood, about the same date
+(1578).  I will merely state here that he, with a party of followers,
+attacked Sir Robert Savile, when on a hunting excursion, seized several
+of his hounds and hanged them, as Sir Robert says, “upon my own tree
+within my own ground.”  He forced his way into the parlour at Poolham and
+challenged Sir Robert to fight “six to six” of their dependents.  After
+an entertainment at Horncastle his followers, at his instigation, got
+hold of an unfortunate tailor, “drew their swords and sore wounded him,”
+saying he should “have that and more, for his master’s sake,” Sir Robert
+Savile’s son.  One Robert Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, prayed the justices
+for protection against his “horrible outrages,” and it was said that his
+conduct “savoured of insanity.”  (_Illustrations of English History_ by
+Lodge.  Lansdown MS., Brit. Mus., 27, art. 41.)
+
+{21d}  Patent Roll, 6 Ed. VI., pt. i, m. 11.  Date 8 Dec., 1554.
+
+{22a}  Esch. Inquis. post mortem, 3–4 Henry VIII., No. 14.
+
+{22b}  It does not appear where this “Parish-fee” was situated, doubtless
+it was subordinate to the main manor of Horncastle, such “fees” were
+generally named after the owners once “enfeoffed” of them, as we have at
+Spalding Ayscough-fee Hall, once owned by the Ayscoughs, Beaumont-fee at
+Lincoln, owned by the Beaumonts, Panell-fee by the Paganels, Nevill-fee
+by the Nevills in Middle Rasen, &c.  _Architectural Society’s Journal_,
+1895, p. 19.  There is a family named Parish at Horncastle but they are a
+modern importation.
+
+{22c}  Inquis. post mortem, 6 Edward III., held at Haltham, Sep. 21,
+1333.
+
+{22d}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., 21 July, A.D. 1248.
+_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv. p. 120.  This is repeated in a Final
+Concord of the same date between Silvester, Bishop of Carlisle, and other
+parties.  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. vii., p. 114.
+
+{22e}  Cottonian Charter, v., 61, quoted _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol.
+iii, p. 245.
+
+{22f}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1896, pp. 254–257.
+
+{22g}  Court of Wards Inquis. post mortem, 3, 4 and 5 Ed. VI., vol. v.,
+p. 91.  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1896, p. 258.
+
+{22h}  Chancery Inquis. post mortem, 20 Henry VI., No. 25.
+_Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1899, p. 257.
+
+{22i}  _Ibidem_.
+
+{22j}  _Ibidem_, p. 258.
+
+{24a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vols. i., p. 183, and ii., p. 219.
+
+{24b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, p. 47.
+
+{24c}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 27 Edward III., No. 158.
+
+{24d}  Originalia Roll, 34 Edward III., m. 35, A.D. 1360–1.
+
+{24e}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 41 Edward III., No. 94.
+
+{24f}  Inquis. post mortem, 10 James I., pt. i., No. 11.
+
+{25a}  Chancery B. and A., James I., R., r, 10, 1, 8 October, 1623.
+
+{25b}  These details are all taken from Camden’s _Britannia_, Gibson’s
+Edition, 1695.
+
+{26a}  Chancellor’s Roll, A.D. 1201–2.
+
+{26b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii., pp. 244–5.
+
+{27a}  _Ibidem_.
+
+{27b}  Camden’s _Britannia_, p. 712.
+
+{27c}  Pipe Roll, 1160–1.
+
+{27d}  Pipe Roll, 1161–2.
+
+{27e}  Testa de Nevill, folio 348.  He also held the advowson of Mareham,
+which was transferred to the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of Horncastle,
+in 1239 (Final Concords, p. 304) by his successor, William de Bavent.
+
+{27f}  Cathedral Charters (Calcewaith), folio 106 (a), quoted
+_Architectural Society’s Journal_, No. xxvii, p. 14.
+
+{27g}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 18 Ed. I., No. 34.
+
+{27h}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 12 Ed. II., No. 22.
+
+{27i}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 44 Ed. III., No. 32.  These
+trustees were John Amery of Horncastle; Simon, Parson of Wilksby; John of
+Claxby Pluckacre; and others.
+
+{27j}  De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
+
+{28a}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1894, p. 190.  _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. iii., p. 204, vol. vii., p. 3.
+
+{28b}  Maddison’s _Wills_, 1st series, p. 360, No. 96.
+
+{28c}  Lansdown MS., British Museum, 54, 62, &c., quoted in _Old
+Lincolnshire_, vol. i., p. 118.  In All Saint’s Church at Theddlethorpe
+is a fine brass of an Angevin and his wife of the 16th century.
+
+{28d}  De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
+
+{28e}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, taken at Alford, April 28, 14
+Henry VIII., A.D. 1522.
+
+{28f}  Bridge’s _History of Northamptonshire_, quoted _Architectural
+Society’s Journal_, 1879, p. 45, note.
+
+{28g}  Patent I Ed. IV., pt. 2, m. 59, quoted _Old Lincolnshire_, vol.
+i., p. 124.
+
+{29a}  Chancery Inquisition, 18 Henry VII., No. 34., taken at East Rasen,
+26 Oct., 1502.
+
+{29b}  Commission of Peace, 13 July, 1510, quoted _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, Jan. 1896, p. 15.
+
+{29c}  Inquisition post mortem, 6 Henry VIII., 20 Jan., A.D. 1515.  _Old
+Lincolnshire_, vol. i, p. 221.
+
+{29d}  Circa A.D. 1536.  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1895, p. 14.
+
+{29e}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1894, p. 192.
+
+{29f}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1894, p. 215.
+
+{29g}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1894, p. 221.
+
+{29h}  _Architectural Society’s Journal_, 1879.  _Pedigree of
+Fitz-Williams_, p. 44, &c.  A Douglas Tyrwhitt of this family, daughter
+of George Tyrwhitt, Esq., in 1703 left a dole of 10/-, charged on land at
+Belchford, to the poor of Horncastle.
+
+{29i}  Patent Roll, 19 Elizabeth, pt. iv, m. 13, 2 May, 1577.
+
+{30a}  Privately printed, from Burghley Papers, by Right Hon. Edward
+Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, 1892.
+
+{30b}  Works of Thomas Becon, Parker Society, p. 480, note.
+
+{30c}  Bishop Aldrich died at Horncastle in March, 1555, he was a
+distinguished graduate of King’s College, Cambridge, Provost of Eton, a
+correspondent of the great Dutch scholar Erasmus; afterwards made
+Archdeacon of Colchester, Canon of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the
+Garter, and consecrated to the See of Carlisle 18 July, 1537.
+
+{31a}  Exchequer Bills and Answers, Chas. I., Lincoln, No. 36.  Among the
+charges brought against Rutland Snowden (as already stated elsewhere) one
+was, that, besides having aided the forces of the Parliament, he had more
+than one wife.  The Snowden Arms are given in “Yorks. Union of Honour,”
+_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv., p. 16.
+
+{31b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i., p. 106.
+
+{31c}  The valuable collections of Sir Joseph Banks are still carefully
+preserved at Revesby Abbey, and form in themselves almost a museum.
+
+{32a}  Leland’s _Collectanea_, 66, p. 300.
+
+{32b}  The stables of John of Gaunt’s House still exist adjoining the
+High Street.
+
+{33a}  Quoted Weir’s _History of Horncastle_, note p. 29, ed. 1820.
+
+{33b}  On Saturday, next the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, 21
+Jan., 1384–5, held by John de Feriby, Escheator of the King, in the
+County of Lincoln.
+
+{34}  Most of these fragments were removed by Mr. Stanhope to Revesby
+Abbey.  Two of them are preserved in the garden of Langton Rectory, near
+Horncastle.
+
+{36}  The origin of this Chantry is shewn by the following documents:—In
+the archives of Carlisle Cathedral is a copy, in Latin, of a Privy Seal
+State Paper, Domestic, vol. i, 5039, of date 5 May, 6 Henry VIII. (A.D.
+1514), slightly imperfect, but running thus: “The King to all . . .
+greeting.  Know that we, of our special grace . . . by these presents do
+grant . . . for us, our heirs and successors . . . to the devout woman,
+the Lady Margaret Copuldyke, widow, and Richard Clarke, tanner, of
+Horncastle, that they found a fraternity, or guild, to the honour of St.
+Katharine, and for the extending of divine teaching, in the Parish Church
+of the blessed Virgin of Horncastell, and mortain licence to acquire land
+of the annual value of 25 marks” (£16 15s. 4d.).  Another document, a
+Chantry Certificate, Lincoln, No. 33 (55), Ed. VI. (1552), states that
+“the Guild of St. Katharine, in Horncastell, was founded by _Joan_
+Copuldyke, widow, and others, with the intention that one Chaplain for
+ever, should celebrate divine services in the church, for the souls of
+the founder, and others; the profits of the land and possessions are
+received by the Alderman of the Guild.”  They are described as “worth
+yearly £13 8s. 8d., with fees, wages, rents and other reprises, £7 15s.
+3d.  The clear value, reprises deducted, yearly, £5 13s. 10d.,” with
+“goods, chattels and ornaments worth £1 10s.”  It is to be observed that
+Gervase Holles says, that at the time of his visit, she was named
+“Margaret,” in a window then existing in the church.  A Patent Roll, 3
+Ed. VI., pt. 5, m. 4, gives various lands and tenements, with which this
+chantry was endowed, in Horncastle, Spilsby, Thornton and Roughton,
+occupied by about 100 tenants; and states that all these were granted “by
+the King to Robert Carr, gent., of Sleaford, and John Almond, their heirs
+and assigns.”  Witness, the King, at Westminster, 15 July, 1549.  This is
+further confirmed by an Inquisition post mortem, 5 Eliz., pt. 1, No. 67.
+[This was ‘in return for a payment by them of £1,238 11s. 10d.’]  Among
+the signatories to a declaration of the Royal supremacy (Lincoln Chapter
+Housebook, B. 3, 14, p. 39) are the names of Robt. James, Vicar of
+Horncastle Michel Whithed, Curate of Horncastle Hugh Doddington,
+“Cantuarista” of Horncastle (probably Chaplain of this Chantry).  It was
+also served by Robert Geffrey in 1552.  Chantry Certificates, Lincoln 33
+(55).
+
+{37a}  Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241.  In a window in the north aisle was
+the inscription “Orate pro ái’â Thomæ Coppuldike armig., et D’næ
+Margaretæ, Consortis suæ, fundatoria gildæ cantar . . . fenestram fieri
+fecit.  Ano D’ni 1526.”  In the eastern window of the south aisle was the
+inscription “Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istim fenestram
+fieri fecerunt. sc’æ Nemanæ cum sera et catena.  Item S’ci Crispinus et
+Crispinianus cum instrumentis calceariis.”  Here it is distinctly stated
+that a Guild of Shoemakers gave the window, and that Crispinus and
+Crispinianus the patron saints of shoemakers, were there represented.  A
+note in the same MS. states that Frances, wife of Gervase Holles, died at
+Horncastle and was buried there.  (These passages are quoted in Weir’s
+_History of Horncastle_, pp. 30, 31, note, edition of 1820).
+
+{38}  Mr. Dee had formerly been a Clerk in Mr. Clitherow’s office, as
+Solicitor.
+
+{39a}  This was formerly the altar-piece below the east window of the
+chancel, before the present reredos was placed there, and dedicated at
+the Harvest Festival, 22 Sept., 1870.
+
+{39b}  It may here be stated, that the former font was quite as good as
+the present one, octagonal in form, and of perpendicular design, in
+harmony with older portions of the church.  It was, however, discarded at
+the restoration, and, for some time, hidden away among rubbish, but
+eventually presented to the restored church of the neighbouring parish of
+Belchford.  The bowl of the present font is too small to answer the
+requirements of the Rubric, and is not in keeping with the architecture
+of the church.
+
+{39c}  A Lectern, consisting of a large eagle, of cast iron, bronzed, on
+the model of one in St. Margaret’s Church, Lynn, was presented by the
+late Prebendary Samuel Lodge, Rector of Scrivelsby.  This is still
+preserved in the south chancel chapel.
+
+{40a}  Walker in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_ (1714) gives an account
+of Thomas Gibson, which we here abridge.  Born at Keswick (in the diocese
+of Carlisle), he went to Queen’s College, Oxford, was appointed Master of
+the Free School at Carlisle, there promoted to the similar post at
+Newcastle, and finally preferred by the Bishop of Carlisle to the
+Vicarage of Horncastle in 1634.  In consequence of a sermon preached by
+him, at the Election for Convocation, he was seized, in 1643, and carried
+as a prisoner to Hull.  Being released after four month’s detention, and
+returning to Horncastle, he was charged with teaching “ormanism”
+(arminianism), and committed to the “County Jail” at Lincoln, a
+Presbyterian minister being appointed in his stead at Horncastle.  In
+1644 Colonel King, the Governor of Boston under the Parliament, ordered a
+party of horse to seize him (apparently having been released from
+Lincoln) and to plunder his house, but an old pupil, Lieut. Col. John
+Lillburn, interceded for him with his superior officer, Col. King, and
+the order was revoked.  In the subsequent absence, however, of Lillburn
+in London, the order was repeated, and Mr. Gibson was made prisoner, his
+house plundered, and his saddle horse, draught horses, and oxen carried
+off.  He was imprisoned at Boston, Lincoln and “Tattors-Hall Castle,”
+where he had “very ill-usage for 17 weeks.”  He was sequestrated from his
+benefice and an “intruder,” named Obadiah How, put in charge.  He was now
+accused of defending episcopacy, “refusing the covenant,” &c.  He retired
+to a “mean house,” about a mile from Horncastle, supposed to be at
+“Nether (Low) Toynton,” where he and his family “lived but poorly for two
+years, teaching a few pupils.”  He was then appointed Master of the Free
+School at Newark, two years later removed to the school at Sleaford,
+being presented by Lady Carr.  There he lived until the Restoration, and
+then resumed his Vicarage at Horncastle, until he died in 1678, aged 84.
+“He was a grave and venerable person (says Walker), of a sober and
+regular conversation, and so studious of peace, that when any differences
+arose in his parish, he never rested till he had composed them.  He had
+likewise so well principled his parish that, of 250 families in it, he
+left but one of them Dissenters at his death.”  (Walker’s _Sufferings of
+the Clergy_, pt. ii, p. 252, Ed. 1714).
+
+{40b}  There is an error in the date, which should be Oct. 11.  Further,
+the term “arch rebel” is inappropriate, as Cromwell was, at that time,
+only a Colonel, far from having attained his later distinction; the term
+“skirmish” is also inadequate, as the Winceby battle was a decisive
+engagement, with important consequences.
+
+{41a}  The origin of these scythes has of late years been a _vexata
+questio_.  It has been suggested that they are not, as generally
+supposed, relics of the Parliamentary War, but of the earlier so-called
+“Pilgrimage of Grace,” or “Lincolnshire Rising,” a movement intended as a
+protest against certain abuses attending the Reformation, in the reign of
+Henry VIII.  The evidence, however, gathered from various directions,
+would seem to be strongly corroborative of the old and more general
+opinion.  History shows that, for many years, about the period of the
+Commonwealth, scythes were among the commonest, rude weapons of war.  The
+artist Edgar Bundy, in his painting “The morning of Edgemoor,” recently
+(1905) purchased for the National Gallery by the Chantry Trustees,
+represents a soldier armed with a straight wooden-handled scythe.  The
+battle of Edgemoor was fought Oct. 23, 1642, one year before that of
+Winceby.  We have also contemporary testimony in the _Memoirs of the
+Verney Family_ (vol. i, pp. 109–118 and 315), members of which took part
+in the civil war of that period, that King Charles’ forces consisted
+largely of untrained peasants, “ill-fed and clothed . . . having neither
+colours, nor halberts . . . many only rude pikes . . . few a musket.”  To
+such the scythes used in their farm labour would be handy weapons in
+emergency.  As a parallel to these cases Sir Walter Scott, in his preface
+to _Rob Roy_, states that “many of the followers of MacGregor, at the
+battle of Prestonpans (Sep. 21, 1745), were armed with scythe blades, set
+straight upon their handles, for want of guns and swords.”  It is not
+without interest to note, that about 60 years ago there were exhumed, on
+the farm above Langton Hill, in Horncastle, the remains of 6 bodies,
+lying buried in a row, with scythe blades beside them.  It is known that
+skirmishes between Royalists and Roundheads took place in this locality,
+and it can hardly be doubted that these also were relics of the Winceby
+fight.  The then tenant of the farm, Mr. Dobson (as the writer has been
+informed by his granddaughter, Mrs. H. Boulton of St. Mary’s Square,
+Horncastle), carted these remains to the town and they were re-buried in
+the south side of St. Mary’s Churchyard, while the scythes were added to
+those already in the church.  An incident, which further confirms their
+connection with the Winceby fight, is that the present writer has in his
+possession a pair of spurs, which were found on the field of Winceby,
+remarkable for the long spikes of their rowels; and he himself once found
+the rowel of a spur, with similarly long spikes, within a few yards of
+where the bodies were discovered; and in the year 1905 he also examined
+several bones, pronounced by a doctor to be human, which were found near
+the same spot, while workmen were digging for the foundations of a house
+since erected there.  On the other hand, as against the theory of the
+scythes having been used in the earlier “Pilgrimage of Grace,” we are
+distinctly told that the mobs concerned in that movement were deprived of
+all weapons before they could use them.  In the Lincoln Chapter House
+books (c. i, 20, f 193) is a letter from Richard Cromwell, dated Oct. 29,
+1586, which says that he, and Admiral Sir John Russell, went to Louth,
+where “all the harness and weapons were seized, and conveyed to Lincoln,”
+and that for the same purpose Mr. Bryan had been sent to Horncastle, and
+Mr. Brown to Market Rasen.  On the whole, therefore, the preponderance of
+evidence is strongly in favour of the connection of all these scythes
+with the neighbouring Battle of Winceby—the original tradition.
+
+{41b}  Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_ gives the quarterings of
+these shields as follows:—
+
+(1)  Sable, 2 lions passant in pale, ducally crowned, or, Dymoke impaling
+Barry of 6 ermines, and gules, 3 crescents, sable, Waterton; a crescent
+for difference.
+
+(2)  Dymoke impaling Vairè, on a fess, gules frettè, or.  Marmyon, in
+chief, ermine, 5 fusils in fess, Hebden, a crescent for difference.
+
+(3)  Argent, a sword erect, azure, hilt and pomel gules.
+
+(4)  Dymoke impaling quarterly, gules and argent, a cross engrailed.
+Countercharged, Haydon, a crescent for difference.
+
+{42a}  The only other theft from the church of which we have record, was
+when the vestry was broken into in December, 1812, and the money
+collected for parish purposes was stolen.  A reward of £50 was offered
+for information of the thief, but without result.  (MS. notes by Mr. T.
+Overton in possession of Mr. John Overton, of Horncastle.)
+
+{42b}  Details of these are given by Holles as follows:—
+
+                                            _In fenestra Insulæ Borealis_.
+
+    “Orate pro a’ia Thomæ Coppuldike Armig. & D’næ Margaretæ Consortis suæ fundatoris Gildæ Cantar . . . Fenestram
+    fieri fecit Ano Dni 1526.”
+
+                                      _In superiori fenestra Borealis Cancelli_.
+
+    ‘Gules a lion passant guardant.  Arg. . . .
+
+    Sable, 3 flowres de lize betw: 6 crosses botony fitchy Arg. . . .
+
+    Gules, a cross sarcelly Arg.” . . .                                                                           Bec.
+
+                                      _In fenestra Orientali Insulæ Australis_.
+
+    “Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt stæ Ninianæ cum cera et catena.  Item
+    sti Crispinus et Crispianus cum instrumentis calceariis.”  (N.B.  The feminine is an error of Holles, as St.
+    Ninian was a man.  Collier’s _History_, vol. i. p. 100).
+
+                                            _Fenestra Borealis superior_.
+
+Empaled         Sa, 2 lions passant arg. crowned or.                                                            Dymoke
+
+                Or, a lion rampant double queue sa.                                                             Welles
+
+Empaled
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, A History of Horncastle, by James Conway
+Walter
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: A History of Horncastle
+       from the earliest period to the present time
+
+
+Author: James Conway Walter
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2009  [eBook #30358]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***
+</pre>
+<p>Transcribed from the 1908 W. K. Morton &amp; Sons edition by
+David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0ab.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP.  Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop
+of Canterbury, 1349&ndash;1366"
+title=
+"SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP.  Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop
+of Canterbury, 1349&ndash;1366"
+src="images/p0as.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>We are indebted for the engraving of this seal to the courtesy
+of Miss G. M. Bevan, author of <i>Portraits of the Archbishops of
+Canterbury</i>, published by Messrs. Mowbray &amp; Co.,
+London.</p>
+<h1><!-- page v--><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+v</span><span class="smcap">a</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">History of Horncastle</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">from the</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">earliest period to the present
+time</span>.</h1>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>ILLUSTRATED</i>.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">by</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">James Conway Walter</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">author of</span><br />
+<i>Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood</i>, <i>Parishes
+around Horncastle</i>,<br />
+<i>The Ayscoughs</i>, <i>The Coitani</i>, <i>&amp;c.</i>,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HORNCASTLE:<br />
+<span class="smcap">W. K. Morton &amp; Sons</span>, <span
+class="smcap">Ltd.</span>, <span class="smcap">Printers</span>,
+<span class="smcap">High Street</span>,<br />
+1908.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p0bb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Market Place and Stanhope Memorial"
+title=
+"Market Place and Stanhope Memorial"
+src="images/p0bs.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h2><!-- page vii--><a name="pagevii"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. vii</span>PREFACE.</h2>
+<p>The following pages may truthfully be said to be the result of
+labours, extending over many years, and of researches in
+directions too many to tell.</p>
+<p>Born within almost a mile of Horncastle, and only by a few
+months escaping being born in it, since his father, on first
+coming to the neighbourhood, resided for a time in Horncastle, <a
+name="citation0"></a><a href="#footnote0"
+class="citation">[0]</a> the author, from his earliest years
+(except for periodical absences) has been connected with the
+life, social or civil, of the place, probably more closely and
+more continuously, than any other person living, in like
+circumstances.</p>
+<p>The notes on which this compilation is based were begun more
+than 30 years ago.&nbsp; While writing a volume of <i>Records of
+more than</i> 30 <i>Parishes around Horncastle</i>, published in
+1904; and, before that, while describing about as many more, in a
+volume, <i>Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood</i>, published in 1899,
+he had constantly in view the crowning of the series, by the
+history of the old town, round which these sixty, or more,
+parishes cluster; the haunt, if not quite the home, of his
+boyhood, and familiarized to him by a life-long connection.</p>
+<p>For this purpose sources of information have been tapped in
+every possible direction; of public institutions, the official
+records, and title deeds, where available, have been carefully
+consulted; especially should be here mentioned various deeds and
+charters, which are quoted in Chapter II, from the archives of
+Carlisle Cathedral, which have not hitherto been brought before
+the public, but of which the author has been allowed free use,
+through the courtesy of the librarian.&nbsp; These are of special
+value, from the long connection of the Manor of Horncastle with
+the See of Carlisle.</p>
+<p>In other cases the author has been allowed the privilege of
+more private testimony; for instance, his old friend, the late
+Mr. John Overton (of a highly <!-- page viii--><a
+name="pageviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+viii</span>respectable family, for generations connected with the
+town and county), has most kindly given him the use of various
+family MS. notes, bearing on parish and other matters.&nbsp; Mr.
+Henry Sharp has freely assisted him with most varied information,
+derived from long years of connection with the town, in public or
+private capacity.&nbsp; The late Mr. Henry Boulton, ancestrally
+connected with various parts of the county, was remarkable for a
+mind stored with memories of persons and things, in town and
+neighbourhood, which he freely communicated to the author, who
+saw much of him in his later years.&nbsp; While, last but not
+least, the late Mr. William Pacey, whether in his
+&ldquo;Reminisences of Horncastle,&rdquo; which he contributed to
+the public newspapers, or in his personal conversations, which
+the present writer enjoyed for many years, yielded up to him
+treasure, collected by an indefatigable student of local lore,
+who entered into such work <i>con amore</i>.</p>
+<p>To all these the author would now fully, and gratefully,
+acknowledge his indebtedness; but for them this work could not
+have been produced in anything like its present fulness.&nbsp; In
+some of the matters dealt with, as for instance in the accounts
+of the Grammar School, as well as in other portions, he may
+fairly say, in the language of &ldquo;the pious
+&AElig;neas&rdquo; (slightly modified), &ldquo;quorum pars (ipse)
+fui,&rdquo; (&AElig;neid ii, 6); and in these he has drawn not a
+few of the details from his own recollections.</p>
+<p>In stringing these records together, of such varied character,
+and on subjects so numerous, he cannot but be conscious that, in
+the endeavour to give all possible information, and to omit
+nothing of real interest, he may, on the other hand, have laid
+himself open to the charge of being too diffuse, or even
+needlessly prolix.&nbsp; Others not sharing his own interest in
+the subjects treated of, may think that he has occasionally
+&ldquo;ridden his hobby too hard.&rdquo;&nbsp; If this should be
+the judgment of any of his readers, he would crave their
+indulgence out of consideration for the motive.</p>
+<p>These are the days of historic &ldquo;Pageants,&rdquo; drawn
+from life, and with living actors to illustrate them.&nbsp; We
+have also our &ldquo;Gossoping Guides,&rdquo; to enable the
+tourist to realize more fully the meaning of the scenes which he
+visits.&nbsp; From both of these the author &ldquo;has taken his
+cue.&rdquo;&nbsp; He had to cater for a variety of tastes; and
+while, for the general reader he has cast his discriptions in a
+colloquial, or even at times in a &ldquo;gossoping,&rdquo; form,
+he believes that the old town, with its &ldquo;Bull Ring,&rdquo;
+its &ldquo;Maypole Hill,&rdquo; its &ldquo;Fighting Cocks,&rdquo;
+its &ldquo;Julian Bower,&rdquo; and other old time memories, can
+still afford <i>pabulum</i> for the more educated student, or the
+special antiquary.</p>
+<p>Like the composer of a Pageant play, his endeavour has been
+rather to clothe the scenes, which he conjures up, with the flesh
+and blood of quickened reality, than in the bare skin and bones
+of a dry-as-dust&rsquo;s rigid skeleton.&nbsp; How far he has
+succeeded in this he leaves to others to decide; for himself he
+can honestly say, that it has not been from lack of care,
+enquiry, or labour, if he has fallen short of the ideal aimed
+at.</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">
+<a href="images/p0c.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Signature of J. Conway Walter"
+title=
+"Signature of J. Conway Walter"
+src="images/p0c.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h2><!-- page ix--><a name="pageix"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+ix</span>CONTENTS.</h2>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+I</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="smcap">page</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Part I&mdash;Prehistoric</span>.&nbsp;
+Horncastle&mdash;its infancy</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Part II&mdash;The Dimly Historic
+Period</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page3">3</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+II</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Records of the Manor</span>, &amp;c.,
+<span class="smcap">from the Norman Conquest</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page11">11</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+III</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">St. Mary&rsquo;s Church</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page33">33</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+IV</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Church of Holy Trinity</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page57">57</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+V</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Nonconformist Places of
+Worship</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Wesleyans</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page64">64</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Primitive Methodists</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page71">71</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Independents</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Baptist Chapel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page84">84</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The New Jerusalem Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page86">86</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+VI</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Educational Institutions&mdash;The
+Grammar School</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page91">91</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+VII</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Watson&rsquo;s Free School</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page108">108</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Lancasterian and the Bell
+Schools</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page111">111</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Science and Art School</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+VIII</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Dispensary</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page119">119</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+IX</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Canal</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page126">126</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Railway</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page130">130</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><!-- page x--><a
+name="pagex"></a><span class="pagenum">p. x</span><span
+class="smcap">CHAPTER X</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Workhouse or Union</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page133">133</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Court House</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page135">135</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Stanhope Memorial</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page136">136</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Clerical Club</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page137">137</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Mechanics&rsquo;
+Institute</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page139">139</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Corn Exchange</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page140">140</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Whelpton Almhouses</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page142">142</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Drill Hall</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page145">145</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER
+XI</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Horncastle Worthies</span>,
+&amp;c.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page151">151</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Oddities</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page160">160</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Publichouses</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page161">161</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="smcap">APPENDIX</span>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Thimbleby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page165">165</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">West Ashby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page176">176</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">High Toynton</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Mareham-on-the-Hill</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page183">183</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Low Toynton</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page185">185</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Roughton</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Haltham</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Mareham-le-Fen</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Moorby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Wood Enderby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Coningsby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Wilksby</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Langriville</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Thornton-le-Fen</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2><!-- page xi--><a name="pagexi"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+xi</span>ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="smcap">page</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mammoth Tooth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page5">5</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Hammer Head</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page7">7</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>North-east corner of the Castle Wall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page9">9</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Plan of Horncastle, 1819</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page15">15</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Plan of Horncastle, 1908</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page23">23</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Mary&rsquo;s Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page35">35</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page42">42</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ancient Scythes in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Old Vicarage</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page55">55</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Holy Trinity Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page59">59</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wesleyan Chapel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wesleyan Day Schools</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page69">69</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Interior Congregational Chapel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page79">79</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The New Jerusalem Church</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page87">87</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Rev. Thomas Lord</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page90">90</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Grammar School</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page93">93</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lord Clynton and Saye</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page97">97</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Successive Head Masters of the Grammar School, from 1818
+to 1907</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page101">101</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Seal of the Grammar School</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page105">105</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Market Place</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page109">109</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Mary&rsquo;s Square</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page113">113</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bridge Street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page117">117</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>High Street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page121">121</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Bull Ring</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page123">123</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Canal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page127">127</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>On the Canal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page129">129</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Court House</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page135">135</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Stanhope Memorial</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page137">137</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec 31, 1900</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page141">141</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><!-- page xii--><a name="pagexii"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. xii</span>West Street during the Flood, Dec.
+31, 1900</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page143">143</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Conging Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page145">145</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Stanch</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page147">147</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Margaret&rsquo;s Church, Thimbleby</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page171">171</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Manor House, West Ashby</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page177">177</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>All Saints&rsquo; Church, West Ashby</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page179">179</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. John the Baptist&rsquo;s Church, High Toynton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Peter&rsquo;s Church, Low Toynton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Helen&rsquo;s Church, Mareham-le-Fen</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page193">193</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page197">197</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Michael&rsquo;s Church, Coningsby</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h2><!-- page 1--><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+1</span>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+<h3>PART I&mdash;PREHISTORIC.&nbsp; HORNCASTLE&mdash;ITS
+INFANCY.</h3>
+<p>In dealing with what may be called &ldquo;the dark ages&rdquo;
+of local history, we are often compelled to be content with
+little more than reasonable conjecture.&nbsp; Still, there are
+generally certain surviving data, in place-names, natural
+features, and so forth, which enable those who can detect them,
+and make use of them, to piece together something like a
+connected outline of what we may take, with some degree of
+probability, as an approximation to what have been actual facts,
+although lacking, at the time, the chronicler to record them.</p>
+<p>It is, however, by no means a mere exercise of the
+imagination, if we assume that the site of the present Horncastle
+was at a distant period a British settlement. <a
+name="citation1a"></a><a href="#footnote1a"
+class="citation">[1a]</a>&nbsp; Dr. Brewer says, &ldquo;nearly
+three-fourths of our Roman towns were built on British
+sites,&rdquo; (Introduction to <i>Beauties of England</i>, p. 7),
+and in the case of Horncastle, although there is nothing British
+in the name of the town itself, yet that people have undoubtedly
+here left their traces behind them.&nbsp; The late Dr. Isaac
+Taylor <a name="citation1b"></a><a href="#footnote1b"
+class="citation">[1b]</a> says, &ldquo;Rivers and mountains, as a
+rule, receive their names from the earliest races, towns and
+villages from later colonists.&rdquo;&nbsp; The ideas of those
+early occupants were necessarily limited.&nbsp; The hill which
+formed their stronghold against enemies, <a
+name="citation1c"></a><a href="#footnote1c"
+class="citation">[1c]</a> or which was the &ldquo;high
+place&rdquo; of their religious rites, <a
+name="citation1d"></a><a href="#footnote1d"
+class="citation">[1d]</a> and the river which was so essential to
+their daily existence, of these they felt the value, and
+therefore naturally distinguished <!-- page 2--><a
+name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>them by name
+before anything else.&nbsp; Thus the remark of an eloquent writer
+is generally true, who says &ldquo;our mountains and rivers still
+murmur the voices of races long extirpated.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+&ldquo;There is hardly (says Dr. Taylor <a
+name="citation2a"></a><a href="#footnote2a"
+class="citation">[2a]</a>) throughout the whole of England a
+river name which is not Celtic,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i> British.</p>
+<p>As the Briton here looked from the hill-side, down upon the
+valley beneath him, two of the chief objects to catch his eye
+would be the streams which watered it, and which there, as they
+do still, united their forces.&nbsp; They would then also,
+probably, form a larger feature in the prospect than they do at
+the present day, for the local beds of gravel deposit would seem
+to indicate that these streams were formerly of considerably
+greater volume, watering a wider area, and probably having
+ramifications which formed shoals and islands. <a
+name="citation2b"></a><a href="#footnote2b"
+class="citation">[2b]</a>&nbsp; The particular names by which the
+Briton designated the two main streams confirm this
+supposition.&nbsp; In the one coming from the more distant wolds,
+he saw a stream bright and clear, meandering through the meadows
+which it fertilized, and this he named the &ldquo;Bain,&rdquo; <a
+name="citation2c"></a><a href="#footnote2c"
+class="citation">[2c]</a> that word being Celtic for
+&ldquo;bright&rdquo; or &ldquo;clear,&rdquo; a characteristic
+which still belongs to its waters, as the brewers of Horncastle
+assure us.&nbsp; In the other stream, which runs a shorter and
+more rapid course, he saw a more turbid current, and to it he
+gave the name &ldquo;Waring,&rdquo; <a name="citation2d"></a><a
+href="#footnote2d" class="citation">[2d]</a> which is the Celtic
+&ldquo;garw&rdquo; or &ldquo;gerwin,&rdquo; meaning
+&ldquo;rough.&rdquo;&nbsp; Each of these names, then, we may
+regard as what the poet Horace calls &ldquo;nomen pr&aelig;sente
+not&acirc; productum,&rdquo; <a name="citation2e"></a><a
+href="#footnote2e" class="citation">[2e]</a> they are as good as
+coin stamped in the mint of a Cunobelin, or a Caradoc, bearing
+his &ldquo;image and superscription,&rdquo; and after some 17
+centuries of change, they are in circulation still.&nbsp; So long
+as Horncastle is watered by the Bain and the Waring she will bear
+the brand of the British sway, once paramount in her valley.</p>
+<p>These river names, however, are not the only relics of the
+Britons found in Horncastle.&nbsp; Two British urns were
+unearthed about 50 years ago, where is now the garden of the
+present vicarage, and another was found in the parish of
+Thornton, about a mile from the town, when the railway was being
+made in 1856.&nbsp; The latter the present writer has seen,
+although it is now unfortunately lost. <a
+name="citation2f"></a><a href="#footnote2f"
+class="citation">[2f]</a></p>
+<p>These Britons were a pastoral race, as C&aelig;sar, their
+conqueror, tells us, <a name="citation2g"></a><a
+href="#footnote2g" class="citation">[2g]</a> not cultivating much
+corn, but having large flocks and herds, living on the milk and
+flesh of their live stock, and clad in the skins of these, or of
+other animals taken in the chase.&nbsp; The well-watered pastures
+of the Bain valley would afford excellent grazing for their
+cattle, while the extensive forests <a name="citation2h"></a><a
+href="#footnote2h" class="citation">[2h]</a> of <!-- page 3--><a
+name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>the district
+around would provide them with the recreations of the chase,
+which also helped to make them the skilled warriors which the
+Romans found them to be. <a name="citation3"></a><a
+href="#footnote3" class="citation">[3]</a>&nbsp; Much of these
+forests remained even down to comparatively recent times, and
+very large trees have been dug up, black with age, in fields
+within four or five miles of Horncastle, within very recent
+years, which the present writer has seen.</p>
+<p>Such were some of the earlier inhabitants of this locality,
+leaving their undoubted traces behind them, but no &ldquo;local
+habitation&rdquo; with a name; for that we are first indebted to
+the Romans, who, after finding the Briton a foe not unworthy of
+his steel, ultimately subjugated him and found him not an inapt
+pupil in Roman arts and civilization.&nbsp; Of the aptitude of
+the Briton to learn from his conquerors we have evidence in the
+fact, mentioned by the Roman writer Eumenius, that when the
+Emperor Constantius wished to rebuild the town Augustodunum (now
+Antun) in Gaul, about the end of the 3rd century, he employed
+workmen chiefly from Britain, such was the change effected in our
+&ldquo;rude forefathers&rdquo; in 250 years.</p>
+<p>We may sum up our remarks on the Britons by saying that in
+them we have ancestors of whom we have no occasion to be
+ashamed.&nbsp; They had a Christian church more than 300 years
+before St. Augustine visited our shores.&nbsp; They yet survive
+in the sturdy fisher folk of Brittany; in those stout miners of
+Cornwall, who in the famed Botallack mine have bored under the
+ocean bed, the name Cornwall itself being Welsh (<i>i.e.</i>
+British) for corner land; in the people who occupy the fastnesses
+of the Welsh mountains, as well as in the Gaels of the Scottish
+Highlands and the Erse of Ireland.&nbsp; Their very speech is
+blended with our own.&nbsp; Does the country labourer go to the
+Horncastle tailor to buy coat and breeches?&nbsp; His British
+forefather, though clad chiefly in skins, called his upper
+garment his &ldquo;cotta,&rdquo; his nether covering his
+&ldquo;brages,&rdquo; scotice &ldquo;breeks.&rdquo;&nbsp; Brewer,
+<i>Introduction to Beauties of England</i>, p. 42.</p>
+<h3>PART II&mdash;THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD.</h3>
+<p>The headquarters of the Roman forces in our own part of
+Britain were at York, where more than one Roman Emperor lived and
+died, but Lindum, now Lincoln, was an important station.&nbsp;
+About A.D. 71 Petillius Cerealis was appointed governor of the
+province by the Emperor Vespasian, he was succeeded by Julius
+Frontinus, both being able generals.&nbsp; From A.D. 78 to 85
+that admirable soldier and administrator, Julius Agricola,
+over-ran the whole <!-- page 4--><a name="page4"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 4</span>of the north as far as the Grampians,
+establishing forts in all directions, and doubtless during these
+and the immediately succeeding years, a network of such stations
+would be constructed in our own country, connected by those
+splendid highways which the Romans carried, by the forced labour
+of the natives, through the length and breadth of their vast
+empire.</p>
+<p>Coins of nearly all the Roman Emperors have been found at
+Horncastle; one was brought to the present writer in the 1st year
+of the 20th century, bearing the superscription of the Emperor
+Severus, who died at York A.D., 211.</p>
+<h4>NOTE ON ANCIENT COINS FOUND AT HORNCASTLE.</h4>
+<p>The following list of Roman and other coins found at
+Horncastle, has been supplied by the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of
+Wispington, who has them in his own possession.</p>
+<p>Consular, denarius, silver.<br />
+&OElig;s grave, or Roman as, heavy brass.<br />
+Augustus, quinarius (half denarius).&nbsp; B.C. 27&ndash;A.D.
+14.<br />
+Claudius, brass, of three different sizes.&nbsp; A.D.
+41&ndash;54.<br />
+Vespasian, denarius, silver.&nbsp; A.D. 69&ndash;79.<br />
+Domitian, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 81&ndash;96.<br />
+Nerva, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 96&ndash;98.<br />
+Trajan, brass, of two sizes.&nbsp; A.D. 98&ndash;117.<br />
+Hadrian, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 117&ndash;138.<br />
+Antoninus Pius, denarius, silver.&nbsp; A.D. 138&ndash;161.<br />
+Faustina I., his wife, brass.<br />
+Lucius Verus, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 161&ndash;169.<br />
+Marcus Aurelius, brass.&nbsp; A D. 161&ndash;180.<br />
+Faustina II., his wife, brass.<br />
+Caracalla, denarius, silver.&nbsp; A.D. 211&ndash;217.<br />
+Julia S&aelig;mias, mother of Emperor Heliogabalus, denarius,
+silver.&nbsp; A.D. 218&ndash;222.<br />
+Gordian III., denarius, silver.&nbsp; A.D. 238&ndash;244.<br />
+Philip I., brass.&nbsp; A.D. 244&ndash;249.<br />
+Hostilian, denarius, silver.&nbsp; A.D. 249&ndash;251.<br />
+Gallienus, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 253&ndash;268.<br />
+Salomia, his wife, brass.<br />
+Victorinus, brass (Emperor in West).&nbsp; A.D.
+253&ndash;260.&nbsp; (10 varieties).<br />
+Marius, brass (Emperor in West).&nbsp; A.D. 267.<br />
+Claudius II. (or Gothicus), brass.&nbsp; A.D. 268&ndash;270.<br
+/>
+Tetricus I., brass (Emperor in Gaul).&nbsp; A.D.
+270&ndash;273.<br />
+Tetricus II., brass (Emperor in Gaul).&nbsp; A.D.
+270&ndash;274.<br />
+Probus, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 276&ndash;282.<br />
+Diocletian, copper, a new kind of coin named a
+&ldquo;follis.&rdquo;&nbsp; A.D. 284&ndash;305.<br />
+Maximian, copper, a &ldquo;follis.&rdquo;&nbsp; A.D.
+286&ndash;305.<br />
+Alectus, brass (Emperor in Britain).&nbsp; A.D. 293&ndash;296.<br
+/>
+Constantius Chlorus, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 305&ndash;306.<br />
+Maxentius, copper, a &ldquo;follis.&rdquo;&nbsp; A.D.
+306&ndash;312.<br />
+Constantine the Great, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 306&ndash;337.<br />
+Crispus, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 326.<br />
+Magnentius, brass (Emperor in Gaul and Britain).&nbsp; A.D.
+350&ndash;353.<br />
+Constantine II., brass (struck in London).&nbsp; A.D.
+337&ndash;340.<br />
+Constans, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 337&ndash;350.<br />
+Constantius II., brass.&nbsp; A.D. 337&ndash;361.<br />
+Valens, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 364&ndash;378.<br />
+Gratian, brass.&nbsp; A.D. 375&ndash;383.<br />
+Theodosius I., brass.&nbsp; A.D. 379&ndash;395.<br />
+Arcadius, brass (Emperor in East).&nbsp; A.D. 395&ndash;408.<br
+/>
+Honorius, brass (Emperor in West).&nbsp; A.D. 395&ndash;423.<br
+/>
+Byzantine coin, bronze, date not known exactly but later than
+Honorius, so showing that the Romans held Horncastle against
+Saxon invaders.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 5--><a
+name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>
+<a href="images/p5b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle.
+Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5&frac14;-in., breadth 6&frac12;-in.,
+thickness 2-in."
+title=
+"Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle.
+Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5&frac14;-in., breadth 6&frac12;-in.,
+thickness 2-in."
+src="images/p5s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>A Roman milestone was discovered in the Bail, at Lincoln, in
+1891, <a name="citation5a"></a><a href="#footnote5a"
+class="citation">[5a]</a> inscribed with the name of Marcus
+Piavonius Victorinus, who commanded in Gaul and Britain, and
+which must have been set up during his period of office, about A
+D. 267.&nbsp; The site of this was the point of intersection of
+the two main streets, which would be the centre of the Roman
+Forum at Lindum, one of these streets leading to Horncastle; from
+Horncastle also there branched off, as will be hereafter noted,
+several main Roman roads.</p>
+<p>As Horncastle stands on the banks of the river Bain it has
+been taken by Stukeley, the antiquarian, and by others following
+him, <a name="citation5b"></a><a href="#footnote5b"
+class="citation">[5b]</a> to have been the Roman Banovallum or
+&ldquo;Fort on the Bain,&rdquo; mentioned by the Roman geographer
+of Ravenna; <a name="citation5c"></a><a href="#footnote5c"
+class="citation">[5c]</a> although, however, most probably
+correct, this is a mere conjecture.&nbsp; On the road between
+Horncastle and Lincoln we have the village of Baumber, also
+called Bamburgh, and this latter form of the name might well mean
+a &ldquo;burgh,&rdquo; or fort, on the Bain, the river running
+just below the village.&nbsp; The two names, however, might well
+exist at different periods.&nbsp; It may be here mentioned that
+this form, Bamburg, is found in <i>Harleian Charter</i> 56, c. i,
+B.M., dated at Wodehalle, December, 1328.</p>
+<p>Tacitus, the Roman historian, <a name="citation5e"></a><a
+href="#footnote5e" class="citation">[5e]</a> tells us that the
+Romans &ldquo;wore out the bodies and hands of the Britons in
+opening out the forests, and paving or fortifying the
+roads,&rdquo; and we can well imagine that those skilled generals
+<!-- page 6--><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+6</span>would see the advantageous position for a stronghold in
+the angle formed by the junction of the two rivers, and would
+employ the subjugated Britons of the locality in constructing, it
+may be, at first only a rude fort, protected on two sides by the
+streams and in the rear by a &ldquo;vallum,&rdquo; or embankment,
+and that on the site thus secured and already a native
+stronghold, they would, at a later period, erect the
+&ldquo;castrum,&rdquo; of which massive fragments still remain,
+testifying to its great strength.</p>
+<p>These remains, indeed, in almost their whole course can be
+traced through present-day gardens and back premises, shewing the
+four sides of an irregular parallelogram.&nbsp; Their dimensions,
+roughly speaking, are on the north and south sides about 600-ft.,
+by about 350-ft. at the eastern, and 300-ft. at the western end,
+their thickness being about 16-ft.&nbsp; The material employed
+was the Spilsby sandstone, obtainable within five miles, cemented
+by course grouting poured into the interstices between the
+massive blocks.&nbsp; These walls inclose a portion of the High
+Street as far eastward as the site of the present Corn Exchange,
+westward they include the present manor house and form the
+boundary of the churchyard in that direction.&nbsp; On the north
+they run at the back of the houses on that side of the Market
+Place, and on the south they extend from St. Mary&rsquo;s Square,
+past the Grammar School, and through sundry yards, parallel with
+the branch of the canal, which is the old Waring river.&nbsp; The
+masonry of these walls, as now seen, is very rude.&nbsp; It is
+supposed that, originally as built by the Romans, they had an
+external coating of neat structure, but this has entirely
+disappeared, it is still, however, to be seen in the wells, which
+are next to be described.</p>
+<p>In a cellar, south of the High Street, at a baker&rsquo;s
+shop, and close to the eastern wall of the castle, is a Roman
+well; there is another close to the north-east angle of the
+castle walls, in what is called Dog-kennel Yard, and a third just
+within the western wall, near the present National Schools.&nbsp;
+Thus, although the two rivers were without the castle walls, the
+Roman garrison was well supplied with water.</p>
+<p>The Roman roads branching from the town were (1st) the
+&ldquo;Ramper,&rdquo; <a name="citation6a"></a><a
+href="#footnote6a" class="citation">[6a]</a> as it is still
+called, running north-west, and connecting it with the Roman
+station Lindum; from this, at Baumber, <a
+name="citation6b"></a><a href="#footnote6b"
+class="citation">[6b]</a> distant about 4 miles, a branch running
+northwards led to the Roman Castrum, now Caistor; (2nd)
+north-eastwards <i>via</i> West Ashby, being the highway to
+Louth, the Roman Luda; (3rd) eastwards, by High Toynton,
+Greetham, &amp;c, to Waynflete, the Roman Vain-ona; (4th)
+southward, by Dalderby, Haltham, &amp;c., to Leeds Gate, Chapel
+Hill, and there crossing the river Witham to Sleaford and
+Ancaster, the Roman Causenn&aelig;, situated on the great Roman
+Ermin Street.&nbsp; This also was continued to another Roman
+Castrum, now Castor, near Peterborough; (5th) south-west, by
+Thornton, &amp;c., to Tattershall, locally supposed to have been
+the Roman Durobriv&aelig;, and where traces of a Roman camp still
+remain.</p>
+<p>Besides these Roman <i>vi&aelig;</i> and Roman coins, quite an
+abundance of Roman pottery has from time to time been unearthed,
+and fragments are continually being found in gardens in the
+town.&nbsp; A collection of these, probably cinerary urns, was
+preserved until quite recently in the library of the
+Mechanics&rsquo; <!-- page 7--><a name="page7"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 7</span>Institute, where the writer has
+frequently seen them, <a name="citation7a"></a><a
+href="#footnote7a" class="citation">[7a]</a> they varied in
+height from 8 inches to 18 inches.&nbsp; Unfortunately, for lack
+of funds, that institution was broken up about 1890, the books
+were stowed away in a room at the workhouse, a valuable
+collection, and the urns were sold by the late Mr. Joseph
+Willson, who acted as sole trustee.&nbsp; Other Roman relics have
+been fragments of mortars of white clay, found on the site of the
+present union, one bearing the word &ldquo;fecit,&rdquo; though
+the maker&rsquo;s name was lost.&nbsp; Portions also of Samian
+ware have been found, one stamped with a leopard and stag,
+another bearing part of the potter&rsquo;s name, <span
+class="smcap">iliani</span>; with fragments of hand-mills,
+fibul&aelig;, &amp;c. <a name="citation7b"></a><a
+href="#footnote7b" class="citation">[7b]</a>&nbsp; The present
+writer has two jars, or bottles, of buff coloured ware, of which
+about a dozen were dug up when the foundations of the workhouse
+were being laid in 1838, they are probably Samian, a friend
+having exactly similar vessels which she brought from
+Cyprus.&nbsp; The writer has in his possession the head of a
+porphyritic mallet which was found in a garden in the south of
+the town a few years ago, it is probably Roman; the handle, which
+would be of wood, had entirely disappeared; it is much
+&ldquo;pitted&rdquo; through damp and age, is 6&frac12; inches
+long and weighs 3-lb. 9-oz.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p7b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6&#8541;-in., width
+3&#8542;-in. weight 3&frac12;-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot
+region, Neolithic period.  The stone was probably part of a large
+boulder"
+title=
+"Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6&#8541;-in., width
+3&#8542;-in. weight 3&frac12;-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot
+region, Neolithic period.  The stone was probably part of a large
+boulder"
+src="images/p7s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>A discovery of further interesting Roman relics of another
+kind was made in 1896.&nbsp; The owner of a garden near Queen
+Street, in the south-eastern part of the town, was digging up an
+apple tree when he came across a fine bed of gravel.&nbsp;
+Continuing the digging, in order to find the thickness of this
+deposit, his spade struck against a hard substance, which proved
+to be a lead coffin.&nbsp; After this had been examined by others
+invited to inspect it, without any satisfactory result, the
+present writer was requested to conduct further
+investigation.&nbsp; The coffin was found to be 5-ft. 2-in. in
+length, containing the skeleton, rather shorter, of a
+female.&nbsp; A few days later a second coffin was found, lying
+parallel to the first, 5-ft. 7-in. in length, the bones of the
+skeleton within being <!-- page 8--><a name="page8"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 8</span>larger and evidently those of a
+male.&nbsp; Subsequently fragments of decayed wood and long iron
+nails and clamps were found, showing that the leaden coffins had
+originally been enclosed in wooden cases.&nbsp; Both these
+coffins lay east and west.&nbsp; A description was sent to a
+well-known antiquarian, the late Mr. John Bellows of Gloucester,
+and he stated that if the lead had an admixture of tin they were
+Roman, if no tin, post-Roman.&nbsp; The lead was afterwards
+analysed by Professor Church, of Kew, and by the analytical
+chemist of Messrs. Kynoch &amp; Co., of Birmingham, with the
+result that there was found to be a percentage of 1.65 of tin to
+97.08 of lead and 1.3 of oxygen, &ldquo;the metal slightly
+oxidised.&rdquo;&nbsp; It was thus proved that the coffins were
+those of Romans, their &ldquo;orientation&rdquo; implying that
+they were Christian.&nbsp; It should be added that three similar
+coffins were found in the year 1872, when the foundations were
+being laid of the New Jerusalem Chapel in Croft Street, within
+some 100 yards of the two already described; and further, as
+confirmatory of their being Roman, a lead coffin was also found
+in the churchyard of Baumber, on the restoration of the church
+there in 1892, this being close to the Roman road (already
+mentioned) between the old Roman stations Banovallum and
+Lindum.&nbsp; Lead coffins have also been found in the Roman
+cemeteries at Colchester, York, and at other places. <a
+name="citation8"></a><a href="#footnote8"
+class="citation">[8]</a></p>
+<p>As another interesting case of Roman relics found in
+Horncastle, I give the following:&mdash;In 1894 I exhibited, at a
+meeting of our Arch&aelig;ological Society, some small clay pipes
+which had recently been dug up along with a copper coin of the
+Emperor Constantine, just within the western wall of the old
+castle, near the present Manor House.&nbsp; They were evidently
+very old and of peculiar make, being short in stem with small
+bowl set at an obtuse angle.&nbsp; They were said at the time to
+be Roman, but since tobacco was not introduced till the reign of
+Elizabeth that idea was rejected.&nbsp; In the year 1904,
+however, a large quantity of fragments of similar clay pipes were
+found in the ruins of the Roman fort of Aliso, near Halteren on
+the river Lippe, in Western Germany, some of rude structure, some
+decorated with figures and Roman characters.&nbsp; They were
+lying at a depth of 9 feet below the surface, and had evidently
+lain undisturbed since the time of the Roman occupation.&nbsp;
+From the marks upon them it was manifest that they had been used,
+and it is now known from the statements of the Roman historian
+Pliny, and the Greek Herodotus, that the use of narcotic fumes
+was not unknown to the Romans, as well as to other ancient
+nations; the material used was hemp seed and cypress grass.&nbsp;
+In the Berlin Ethnological Museum, also, vessels of clay are
+preserved, which are supposed to have been used for a like
+purpose.&nbsp; This discovery, then, at Horncastle is very
+interesting as adding to our Roman remains, and we may picture to
+ourselves the Roman sentinel taking his beat on the old castle
+walls and solacing himself, after the manner of his countrymen,
+with his pipe.&nbsp; (An account of this later discovery is given
+in a German scientific review for August, 1904, quoted
+<i>Standard</i>, August 12, 1904).</p>
+<p>Of what may be called the close of this early historic period
+in connection with Horncastle there is little more to be
+said.&nbsp; The Roman forces withdrew from Britain about A.D.
+408.&nbsp; The Britons harried by their northern neighbours, the
+Picts and Scots, applied for assistance to the Saxons, who,
+coming at first as friends, but led to stay by the attractions of
+the country, gradually <!-- page 9--><a name="page9"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 9</span>over-ran the land and themselves in
+turn over-mastered the Britons, driving them into Wales and
+Cornwall.&nbsp; The only matter of interest in connection with
+Horncastle, in this struggle between Saxon and Briton, is that
+about the end of the 5th century the Saxon King Horsa, with his
+brother Hengist, who had greatly improved the fort at Horncastle,
+were defeated in a fight at Tetford by the Britons under their
+leader Raengeires, and the British King caused the walls to be
+nearly demolished and the place rendered defenceless.&nbsp;
+(Leland&rsquo;s <i>Collectanea</i>, vol i, pt. ii, p. 509).</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p9b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard"
+title=
+"North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard"
+src="images/p9s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Saxons in their turn, towards the close of the 8th
+century, were harassed by marauding incursions of the Danes, <a
+name="citation9"></a><a href="#footnote9"
+class="citation">[9]</a> which continued, though temporarily
+checked by Kings Egbert and Alfred, through many years, both <!--
+page 10--><a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+10</span>nations eventually settling side by side, until both
+alike in the 11th century became subject to their Norman
+conquerors.&nbsp; The traces of these peoples are still apparent
+in Horncastle and its soke, since of its 13 parish names, three,
+High Toynton, Low Toynton and Roughton have the Saxon suffix
+&ldquo;ton&rdquo;; three, Mareham-on-the-Hill, Mareham-le-Fen and
+Haltham terminate in the Saxon &ldquo;ham,&rdquo; and six,
+Thimbleby, West Ashby, Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby and
+Coningsby have the Danish suffix &ldquo;by.&rdquo;&nbsp; The name
+of the town itself is Saxon, Horn-castle, or more anciently
+Hyrne-ceastre, <i>i.e.</i> the castle in the corner, <a
+name="citation10"></a><a href="#footnote10"
+class="citation">[10]</a> or angle, formed by the junction of the
+two rivers; that junction was, within comparatively modern times,
+not where it is now, but some 200 yards eastward, on the other
+side of the field called &ldquo;The Holms,&rdquo; where there is
+still a muddy ditch.</p>
+<p>So far our account of the town has been based mainly upon
+etymological evidence, derived from river and place names, with a
+few scanty and scattered records.&nbsp; As we arrive at the
+Norman period we shall have to deal with more direct documentary
+testimony, which may well form another chapter.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 11--><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+11</span>CHAPTER II.<br />
+RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &amp;c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST.</h2>
+<p>A recent historian <a name="citation11a"></a><a
+href="#footnote11a" class="citation">[11a]</a> has said &ldquo;In
+the 13th century the northern counties of England were so
+unsettled that there was little security north of the Humber, and
+in 1250 the powerful Bishop of Carlisle found it necessary to buy
+the manor of Horncastle (his own residence in the north, Rose
+Castle, having been destroyed by marauders), and the Pope granted
+him the Parish Church (of Horncastle) for his use;&rdquo; <a
+name="citation11b"></a><a href="#footnote11b"
+class="citation">[11b]</a> but we can carry our history back to a
+considerably earlier period than this.&nbsp; As a former Roman
+station, doubtless, and of even earlier origin than that,
+Horncastle had become a place of some importance, and so, even
+before the Norman conquest the manor was royal property, since
+<i>Domesday Book</i> states that King Edward the Confessor
+bestowed it upon his Queen, Editha.&nbsp; Edward died January 5,
+1066, and his possessions naturally passed to his successor, the
+Conqueror.&nbsp; Its subsequent history for a few years we do not
+know, but in the reign of Stephen the manor was held by Adelias,
+or Adelidis, (Alice or Adelaide) de Cundi, daughter of William de
+Cheney <a name="citation11c"></a><a href="#footnote11c"
+class="citation">[11c]</a> (a name still known in the county),
+who was Lord of Glentham and Caenby, two parishes near
+Brigg.&nbsp; She had a castle in this town, the site of which is
+not now known, but it was probably a restoration in whole, or in
+part, of the old fortress.&nbsp; She took part against the King
+in his quarrel with the Empress Maud, and her estates were
+confiscated by Stephen, they were, however, subsequently restored
+to her on condition that she should demolish her castle.</p>
+<p>On her death the manor reverted to the crown and was granted
+by Henry II. to a Fleming noble, Gerbald de Escald, who held it
+for one knight&rsquo;s <!-- page 12--><a name="page12"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 12</span>fee. <a name="citation12a"></a><a
+href="#footnote12a" class="citation">[12a]</a>&nbsp; He was
+succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes, <a
+name="citation12b"></a><a href="#footnote12b"
+class="citation">[12b]</a> whose son, Ralph de Rhodes, sold it to
+Walter Mauclerk, <a name="citation12c"></a><a href="#footnote12c"
+class="citation">[12c]</a> Bishop of Carlisle, and Treasurer of
+the Exchequer under Henry III.&nbsp; In the reign of Richard II.
+Roger la Scrope and Margaret his wife, with Robert Tibetot and
+son, his wife, as descendants of Gerbald de Escald, <a
+name="citation12d"></a><a href="#footnote12d"
+class="citation">[12d]</a> put in a claim for the manor and
+obtained letters patent, by which the episcopal possessor was
+bound to do them homage, but this was only for a brief period,
+and they then disappear from the scene.</p>
+<p>The manor remained a possession of the bishops of Carlisle
+until the reign of Edward VI., when, by licence of the King, it
+was sold by Bishop Aldrich in 1547 to Edward, Lord Clinton. <a
+name="citation12e"></a><a href="#footnote12e"
+class="citation">[12e]</a>&nbsp; In the reign of Mary he was
+compelled to re-convey it to the see of Carlisle. <a
+name="citation12f"></a><a href="#footnote12f"
+class="citation">[12f]</a>&nbsp; Queen Elizabeth took a lease of
+it under the then possessing bishop, in which she was succeeded
+by James I.&nbsp; He assigned it to Sir Edward Clinton, knt., but
+through neglect of enrolment this became void. <a
+name="citation12g"></a><a href="#footnote12g"
+class="citation">[12g]</a>&nbsp; In the reign of Charles II. the
+former charters were renewed, <a name="citation12h"></a><a
+href="#footnote12h" class="citation">[12h]</a> and the bishops of
+Carlisle remained lords of the manor until 1856, when it was
+transferred, with the patronage of some of the benefices within
+the soke, to the Bishop of Lincoln.&nbsp; Thus from the reign of
+Edward the Confessor to that of Charles II., a period of about
+600 years, broken by brief intervals of alienation, Horncastle
+was connected with royalty.</p>
+<p>The lease of the manor was held, under the bishops of Carlisle
+by Sir Joseph Banks and his ancestors for nearly a century, the
+lease of Sir Joseph himself being dated 21 March, 1803, and
+renewed 1 June, 1811.&nbsp; He died in 1820 and was succeeded by
+his relative the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope and, three years
+later, by James Banks Stanhope, Esq., then a minor, who, at a
+later period (in 1885) transferred all his rights to his cousin,
+the late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, whose widow became lady
+of the manor and at whose death, in 1907, the lordship reverted
+to the Honble. Richard Stanhope, son of the present Earl
+Stanhope.&nbsp; Mr. Banks Stanhope died January 18th, 1904, aged
+82, having been a generous benefactor to Horncastle and the
+neighbourhood.</p>
+<p>We have here given a very condensed account of the ownership
+of this manor from the reign of Edward the Confessor to the
+present time, a period of nearly 840 years.&nbsp; Having had
+access to the episcopal archives of Carlisle, so long connected
+with Horncastle, we are able to confirm several of the above
+details from documents still existing, which we now proceed to
+do.</p>
+<p>It has been stated that the manor of Horncastle was conferred
+upon Queen Editha by her husband, Edward the Confessor.&nbsp; In
+confirmation of this we find the following: In the reign of
+Charles I. the Vicar of Horncastle, Thomas Gibson, presented a
+petition claiming tithe for certain mills called &ldquo;Hall
+Mills,&rdquo; with a close adjoining called &ldquo;Mill
+Holmes,&rdquo; as belonging to the glebe.&nbsp; The tenant,
+William Davidson, resisted, arguing that he had paid no tithes to
+the previous vicar, Robert Holingshed, that the mills were
+erected <!-- page 13--><a name="page13"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 13</span>before the conquest and were part of
+the jointure of Queen Editha, as stated in <i>Domesday Book</i>,
+and were therefore part of the manor, not of the vicar&rsquo;s
+glebe.&nbsp; The result is not recorded, but doubtless the tenant
+was right. <a name="citation13a"></a><a href="#footnote13a"
+class="citation">[13a]</a>&nbsp; The passage here quoted from
+<i>Domesday Book</i> is the following: &ldquo;In Horncastre Queen
+Editha had 3 carucates of land, free of gelt.&nbsp; This land is
+now 4 carucates.&nbsp; The King has there 2 carucates in demesne
+(<i>i.e.</i> as his manor), with 29 villeins and 12 bordars, who
+have (among them) 3 carucates.&nbsp; There are 2 mills worth 26s.
+yearly, and 100 acres of meadow.&nbsp; In King Edward&rsquo;s
+time the annual value was &pound;20, now it is &pound;44.&rdquo;
+<a name="citation13b"></a><a href="#footnote13b"
+class="citation">[13b]</a>&nbsp; These two mills and the meadow
+were doubtless those in dispute between the vicar and tenant in
+the reign of Charles I., the date of <i>Domesday</i> being about
+1085, or 540 years earlier.&nbsp; They were plainly part of the
+royal manor and not at all connected with the glebe.</p>
+<p>All this, however, proves that the manor of Horncastle
+belonged to King Edward the Confessor before the conquest, and
+360 acres of it were assigned to his consort, Queen Editha.&nbsp;
+The expansion of the 3 carucates into 4, mentioned in <i>Domesday
+Book</i>, was probably (as in many other recorded cases) due to
+the reclamation of land hitherto waste in flood or forest.</p>
+<p>On the death of King Edward in 1066 the royal demesnes
+naturally passed to his successor and kinsman, William the
+Conqueror, and in due course to the successive Norman kings of
+his line.</p>
+<p>The connection of Horncastle with the sovereign is shown in
+various ways.&nbsp; Documents relating to the earlier kings are
+naturally rare, since for many years law courts were hardly yet
+established, the royal power being rather that of
+&ldquo;might&rdquo; than of &ldquo;right.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation13c"></a><a href="#footnote13c"
+class="citation">[13c]</a>&nbsp; Even the sale, or devising, of
+property could only be legally effected by the king&rsquo;s
+licence.&nbsp; Among the Carlisle papers connected with
+Horncastle is one which shows that a matter which in modern times
+would be settled by the parish overseers, or more recently by the
+Urban Council, was to be formerly carried out only by the royal
+sanction.&nbsp; There is a Patent Roll of the 13th year of King
+Richard II. (pt. 1, m. 3) entitled &ldquo;Concerning the paving
+of Horncastre,&rdquo; and running as follows:&mdash;&ldquo;The
+King to the Bailiff and proved men of the vill of Horncastre,
+greeting.&nbsp; Know, that in aid of paving your said vill, of
+our special grace we have granted to you, that from the day of
+the making of these presents to the end of 3 years, you may take,
+for things coming to the said vill for sale, the customs
+underwritten.&rdquo;&nbsp; Then follows a long list of articles
+for sale, of which we can only specify a few here, viz.:
+&ldquo;For every horse load of corn, &frac14;d., for every dole
+of wine, 2d.; for every pipe of ditto, 1s.; for every hide,
+fresh, salt, or tanned, &frac14;d.; for 100 skins of roebucks (it
+seems that there were wild deer in those days), hares, rabbits,
+foxes, or squirrels, &frac12;d.; for every horse load of cloth,
+&frac12;d.; for every cloth of worstede, called
+&lsquo;coverlyt,&rsquo; value 40s., 1d.; for every 100 of linen
+web of Aylesham, 1d.; for every chief of strong cendal (silk)
+1d.; for 100 mullets, salt or dry, 1d.; for every cart of fish,
+1d.; for every horse load of sea fish, &frac14;d.; for every
+salmon, &frac14;d.; for every last of herrings (12 barrels), 6d.;
+for every horse load of honey, 1d.; for every wey of tallow (256
+lbs.), 1d.; for every milstone, &frac12;d.; for 1,000 turfs,
+&frac14;d.&nbsp; For every other <!-- page 14--><a
+name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>kind of
+merchandise not here specified, of value 5s. and over,
+&frac14;d.; and the term of 3 years being ended, the said customs
+shall cease.&nbsp; Witness the King, at Westminster, 9 Nov.,
+1389.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Truly the kingly government was a paternal one to take
+cognizance of such petty local matters.&nbsp; The
+&ldquo;coggle&rdquo; pavement of Horncastle is often complained
+of, but at least it had the royal sanction.</p>
+<p>A Roll of the 18th year of Edward III. (m 8), dated
+Westminster, 28 June, 1344, is directed &ldquo;to his very dear
+and faithful John de Kirketon, Fitz Hugh de Cressy,&rdquo; (and
+others) assigning them &ldquo;to choose and array 100 men at arms
+in the County of Lincoln,&rdquo; and (among others) &ldquo;6
+hoblers in the vill of Horncastre, to be at Portsmouth, to set
+out with the King against Philip VI., de Valesco
+(Valois).&rdquo;&nbsp; This was the beginning of the campaign of
+Edward and his son the Black Prince, which terminated with the
+glorious battle of Cressy and the capture of Calais.&nbsp;
+&ldquo;Hoblers&rdquo; were a sort of yeomanry who, by the terms
+of their tenure of land were bound to keep a light
+&ldquo;nag&rdquo; for military service.</p>
+<p>A Domestic State Paper of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 51, No. 12,
+III) contains the &ldquo;Certificate of the town and soke of
+Horncastle to the artycles of the Queen&rsquo;s Majesty&rsquo;s
+most Honorable Pryvye Councell,&rdquo; dated 27 June, 1569,
+shewing what &ldquo;soldiers were furnished and went forth under
+Captaine Carsey.&rdquo;&nbsp; These were formerly the well-known
+local troops called &ldquo;trainbands.&rdquo;&nbsp; The paper
+contains, further, accounts of payments for &ldquo;towne common
+armour, jerkyns, swords, daggers, corslettes, 1 caline (piece of
+ordnance), conduct money (<i>i.e.</i> hire money), pioneers,
+victuals,&rdquo; &amp;c.&nbsp; Accounts rendered by Thomas
+Hamerton, Arthur Patchytt, Thomas Raythbeake (all formerly well
+known names in the town), and others.</p>
+<p>The head of the Carsey family was the owner of the Revesby
+Abbey Estate, and as such was lesse of the manor of Horncastle
+under the Bishop of Carlisle.&nbsp; They sold their property, in
+1575, to Thomas Cecil, son of Lord Treasurer Burleigh.</p>
+<p>There is another Carlisle document in connection with these
+trained bands among the same Domestic State Papers of Queen
+Elizabeth (Vol. 199, No. 7), in which the Earl of Rutland writes
+to Anthony Thorold, sheriff, that he has instructions &ldquo;from
+the Lords of the Counsaile to put in strength the power of the
+realme for the maritime counties,&rdquo; and he asks him to
+&ldquo;choose captaines for the yet untrained companies, and to
+supply the place of Mr. John Savile for Horncastle.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+N.B.&mdash;The Saviles owned Poolham Hall in Edlington.&nbsp; On
+this (State Papers, Eliz., Vol. 199, No. 72) the Earl writes to
+Mr. Valentine Brown that he thinks him &ldquo;meete to supply the
+place for Horncastle,&rdquo; dated London, 29 March,
+1586&ndash;7.&nbsp; Sir Valentine Brown was of Croft and East
+Kirkby, and Treasurer of Ireland; he married the daughter of Sir
+John Monson, ancestor of the present Lord Oxenbridge.</p>
+<p>Among the Domestic State Papers of Charles I. (Vol. 376, No.
+123), is a petition from the inhabitants of Horncastle to Sir
+Anthony Irbie, Knt., sheriff of the county, complaining that the
+town was over-rated for the payment of &ldquo;ship-money,&rdquo;
+and praying for a reduction of the same.&nbsp; The county was
+charged &pound;8,000.&nbsp; This rate, levied to maintain the
+navy, created widespread dissatisfaction and eventually led to
+the revolution.&nbsp; It was included among the grievances
+against which public protests were made in 1641.&nbsp; The five
+judges who pronounced in its favour were imprisoned, and Hampden
+received <!-- page 16--><a name="page16"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 16</span>a wound in a skirmish with Prince
+Rupert, from which he died, June 24, 1643.&nbsp; Petitions were
+also presented to Sir Edward Hussey, sheriff, 1636&ndash;7, as
+given in Domestic State Papers, Charles I., Vol. 345, No. 42.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 15--><a
+name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>
+<a href="images/p15b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Horncastle map"
+title=
+"Horncastle map"
+src="images/p15s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>It has been already stated that in the reign of Stephen this
+manor was held by Adelias, or Adelidis, de Cundi.&nbsp; How this
+came about is not quite clear, whether it was inherited from her
+father, William de Cheney, who was probably among the Normans
+invited to immigrate by Edward the Confessor, since it would seem
+that at the time of the conquest he was already a large owner in
+the county, or from her husband, Robert de Cundi, a Fleming,
+probably named from the town and fortress of Conde on the
+frontier of France, situated on the Scheldt, in the department du
+Nord.&nbsp; There is, however, evidence to show that she had
+other possessions of considerable value apparently in her own
+right in Nottinghamshire and Kent, as well as Lincolnshire. <a
+name="citation16a"></a><a href="#footnote16a"
+class="citation">[16a]</a>&nbsp; She is described by the old
+chronicler, Geoffrey Gairmar, <a name="citation16b"></a><a
+href="#footnote16b" class="citation">[16b]</a> as a great
+patroness of learning and literature.</p>
+<p>The Cheneys, or Chesneys, were apparently of foreign
+extraction, as implied by their appellation &ldquo;de
+Casineto.&rdquo;&nbsp; They had considerable influence at various
+periods, one of them being knighted, another made a baron by
+Queen Elizabeth. <a name="citation16c"></a><a href="#footnote16c"
+class="citation">[16c]</a>&nbsp; One, Robert de Cheney, was a
+powerful Bishop of Lincoln (A.D. 1147&ndash;67) and built one of
+the finest castles in England, the ruins of which still remain in
+the Palace grounds at Lincoln. <a name="citation16d"></a><a
+href="#footnote16d" class="citation">[16d]</a>&nbsp; The Cheney
+pedigree is given in <i>The Genealogist</i> of July, 1901.&nbsp;
+They seem to have settled in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire, as
+well as in Lincolnshire.&nbsp; Sir Thomas Cheney, K.G., was Lord
+Warden of the Cinque Ports in the latter part of the 16th
+century.&nbsp; The Cheneys fell into decay towards the end of the
+17th century, and at the beginning of the 18th century we find
+them in trade at Boston.&nbsp; About 1750 William Garfit of
+Boston married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cheney, and the name, as
+a Christian name, still survives in that family.&nbsp; The
+Cheneys, we may add, were among the ancestors of the Willoughbys,
+<a name="citation16e"></a><a href="#footnote16e"
+class="citation">[16e]</a> and the parish of Cheneys, in Bucks.,
+doubtless named after them, is now the property of the Duke of
+Bedford.</p>
+<p>The granddaughter of Adelias de Cundi, Agnes, <a
+name="citation16f"></a><a href="#footnote16f"
+class="citation">[16f]</a> married Walter, son of Walter de
+Clifford of Clifford Castle, Hereford.&nbsp; Walter Clifford is
+named in the first great charter of Henry III. (A.D. 1216), along
+with the great nobles Walter de Lacy, William de Ferrars, Earl of
+Derby, William, Earl of Albemarle, and others.</p>
+<p><!-- page 17--><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+17</span>William de Cheney, already mentioned as father of
+Adelias de Cundi, was &ldquo;Lord of Caenby and Glentham,&rdquo;
+and Walter de Clifford also is mentioned in the charters of
+Barlings Abbey as giving to that monastery lands in Caenby and
+Glentham, along with the above Walter de Lacy.&nbsp; The great
+feature of the reign of Stephen was the large number of castles
+erected by lords who were almost more powerful than their
+sovereign, and Adelias built her castle at Horncastle, where she
+resided in great state until, on her favouring the cause of the
+Empress Maud, daughter of the previous king, Henry I. (whereas
+Stephen was only his nephew), her lands were confiscated, and, as
+we have already seen, only restored on condition that her castle
+was demolished. <a name="citation17a"></a><a href="#footnote17a"
+class="citation">[17a]</a>&nbsp; This restoration was, however,
+only for life and on her demise the manor reverted to the
+crown.</p>
+<p>The manor was next granted by Henry II. to Gerbald de Escald,
+a Flemish noble. <a name="citation17b"></a><a href="#footnote17b"
+class="citation">[17b]</a>&nbsp; This is shewn by a record still
+preserved at Carlisle, dated 1274&ndash;5.&nbsp; In the reign of
+Edward I. an inquisition was made at Lincoln, before 12 jurors of
+the soke of Horncastle, among the Commissioners being John de
+Haltham, Anselm de Rugthon (Roughton), Thomas de Camera
+(<i>i.e.</i> Chambers) of Horncastre, the King&rsquo;s Justices
+and others, when it was declared that &ldquo;the Lord Henry III.,
+the father of King Edward who now is, once had the manor of
+Horncastre, and he enfeoffed Gerbald de Escald, a knight of
+Flanders, thereof, for his service, viz., by doing one
+knight&rsquo;s fee for the Lord the King.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Gerbald was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de
+Rhodes.&nbsp; This is shewn by a Carlisle document. <a
+name="citation17c"></a><a href="#footnote17c"
+class="citation">[17c]</a>&nbsp; A dispute arose between Hugh,
+son of Ralph (surname not given) and Gerard de Rhodes, concerning
+the manor and soke of Horncastle, the advowson of the church,
+&amp;c., which were claimed by the said Hugh; but a compromise
+was effected, 400 marks being paid to Hugh, and Gerard de Rhodes
+left in undisputed possession.</p>
+<p>It has been thought probable that this Ralph, father of Hugh,
+was Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who was lord of the manors of
+Revesby and Hareby, and had other possessions in the
+neighbourhood.&nbsp; He, it is supposed, held the manor of
+Horncastle, as trustee, during the minority of Gerard.&nbsp;
+Gerard was, in due course, succeeded by his son and heir, Ralph
+de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III.&nbsp; This again is proved
+by a Feet of Fines, <a name="citation17d"></a><a
+href="#footnote17d" class="citation">[17d]</a> which records an
+&ldquo;agreement made in the court of the Lord King at
+Westminster (3 Feb., A.D. 1224&ndash;5), between Henry del Ortiay
+and Sabina his wife on the one part, and the said Ralph de Rhodes
+on the other part,&rdquo; whereby the former acknowledge certain
+lands and appurtenances in Horncastle and its soke to be the
+property of the said Ralph, and he grants to them, as his
+tenants, certain lands; they, in acknowledgement,
+&ldquo;rendering him therefor, by the year, one pair of gilt
+spurs at Easter for all service and exactions.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>We have now reached another stage in the tenure of this manor
+and find ourselves once more at the point where the present
+chapter opened.&nbsp; Hitherto the manor had been held &ldquo;in
+capite&rdquo; (or &ldquo;in chief&rdquo;) of the king by lay
+lords, or, in the two cases of Queen Editha and Adelias de Condi,
+by a lady; <!-- page 18--><a name="page18"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 18</span>but in this reign Walter Mauclerk,
+the third Bishop of Carlisle, purchased the manor from Ralph de
+Rhodes.&nbsp; He was himself a powerful Norman and held the
+office of Treasurer of the Exchequer (a common combination of
+civil and ecclesiastical duties in those days), but now he and
+his successors were bound &ldquo;to do suit and service to Ralph
+and his heirs.&rdquo;&nbsp; This purchase is proved by a Lincoln
+document called a &ldquo;Plea Quo Warranto,&rdquo; which records
+a case argued before the Justices Itinerant, in the reign of
+Edward I., when it was stated that Ralph de Rhodes
+&ldquo;enfeoffed Walter Mauclerk to hold the church, manor and
+appurtenances in Horncastre, to him and his heirs, of the gift of
+the said Ralph.&rdquo; <a name="citation18a"></a><a
+href="#footnote18a" class="citation">[18a]</a>&nbsp; That the
+Bishop, although an ecclesiastic, was bound to do service to the
+heirs of Ralph is shown by another document, <a
+name="citation18b"></a><a href="#footnote18b"
+class="citation">[18b]</a> in which John, son of Gerard de
+Rhodes, a descendant of Ralph, makes a grant to certain parties
+of &ldquo;the homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle,
+and his successors, for the manor (&amp;c.) of Horncastre, which
+Gerard, son of Gerard my brother, granted to me.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+This is dated the 13th year of Edward I., 1285, whereas the
+actual sale of the manor took place in the reign of Henry III.,
+A.D. 1230, and was confirmed by the king in the same year. <a
+name="citation18c"></a><a href="#footnote18c"
+class="citation">[18c]</a></p>
+<p>We have called this another stage in the tenure of this manor
+and for this reason, an ecclesiastic of high rank, with the
+authority of the Pope of Rome at his back, was a more powerful
+subject than any lay baron, and this influence soon shewed
+itself, for while the lay lords of the manor had been content
+with doing their service to the king, and exacting service from
+those holding under them, the Bishop of Carlisle, in the first
+year of his tenure, obtained from the king three charters,
+conferring on the town of Horncastle immunities and privileges,
+which had the effect of raising the town from the status of
+little more than a village to that of the general mart of the
+surrounding country.&nbsp; The first of these charters gave the
+bishop, as lord of the manor, the right of free warren throughout
+the soke <a name="citation18d"></a><a href="#footnote18d"
+class="citation">[18d]</a>; the second gave him licence to hold
+an annual fair two days before the feast of St. Barnabas (June
+11), to continue eight days; the third empowered him to hang
+felons.&nbsp; An additional charter was granted in the following
+year empowering the bishop to hold a weekly market on Wednesday
+(die Mercurii), which was afterwards changed to Saturday, on
+which day it is still held; also to hold another fair on the eve
+of the Feast of St. Laurence (Aug. 10th), to continue seven days.
+<a name="citation18e"></a><a href="#footnote18e"
+class="citation">[18e]</a></p>
+<p>We here quote a few words of the original Carlisle charter, as
+shewing the style of such documents in those days: &ldquo;Henry
+to all Bishops, Bailiffs, Provosts, servants, &amp;c.,
+health.&nbsp; Know that we, by the guidance of God, and <!-- page
+19--><a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>for
+the health of our soul, and of the souls of our ancestors and
+descendants, have granted, and confirmed by this present charter,
+to God, and the church of the blessed Mary of Carlisle, and to
+the Venerable Father, Walter, Bishop of Carlisle,&rdquo;
+&amp;c.&nbsp; It then goes on to specify, among other privileges,
+that the bishop shall have &ldquo;all chattells of felons and
+fugitives, all amerciaments and fines from all men and tenants of
+the manor and soke; that the bishop and his successors shall be
+quit for ever to the king of all mercies, fines (&amp;c.), that
+no constable of the king shall have power of entry, but that the
+whole shall pertain to the said bishop, except attachments
+touching pleas of the crown, and that all chattells, &amp;c.,
+either in the king&rsquo;s court, or any other, shall be the
+bishop&rsquo;s.&rdquo;&nbsp; Then follow cases in which chattells
+of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, were demanded by the bishop, and
+&pound;24 exacted from the township of Horncastle in lieu
+thereof; also 40s. from William, son of Drogo de Horncastre, for
+trespass, and other fines from Ralph Ascer, bailiff.&nbsp; Robert
+de Kirkby, &amp;c., &amp;c.&nbsp; The same document states that
+the bishop has a gallows (furc&aelig;) at Horncastle for hanging
+offenders within the soke; and, in connection with this we may
+observe that in the south of the town is still a point called
+&ldquo;Hangman&rsquo;s Corner.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>These extensive powers, however, would hardly seem (to use the
+words of the charter) to have been &ldquo;for the good of the
+souls&rdquo; of the bishop or his successors, since they rather
+had the effect of leading him to the abuse of his rights.&nbsp;
+Accordingly, in the reign of Edward III., a plea was entered at
+Westminster, before the King&rsquo;s Justices, <a
+name="citation19a"></a><a href="#footnote19a"
+class="citation">[19a]</a> by which John, Bishop of Carlisle, was
+charged with resisting the authority of the king in the matter of
+the patronage of the benefice of Horncastle.&nbsp; That benefice
+was usually in the gift of the bishop, but the rector, Simon de
+Islip, had been appointed by the king Archbishop of Canterbury
+and, in such circumstances, the crown by custom presents to the
+vacancy.&nbsp; The bishop resisted and proceeded to appoint his
+own nominee, but the judgment of the court was against him.</p>
+<p>A somewhat similar case occurred a few years later. <a
+name="citation19b"></a><a href="#footnote19b"
+class="citation">[19b]</a>&nbsp; Thomas de Appleby, the Bishop of
+Carlisle, and John de Rouseby, clerk, were &ldquo;summoned to
+answer to the Lord the King, that they permit him to appoint to
+the church of Horncastre, vacant, and belonging to the
+king&rsquo;s gift, by reason of the bishopric of Carlisle being
+recently vacant.&rdquo;&nbsp; It was argued that John de Kirkby,
+Bishop of Carlisle, had presented Simon de Islip to that
+benefice, afterwards created Archbishop of Canterbury, and that
+the temporalities (patronage, &amp;c.) of the Bishopric of
+Carlisle therefore (for that turn) came to the king by the death
+of John de Kirkby, bishop.&nbsp; The said bishop, Thomas de
+Appleby, and John de Rouseby brought the case before the court,
+but they admitted the justice of the king&rsquo;s plea and
+judgment was given for the king.</p>
+<p>We have said that although Walter Mauclerk, as Bishop of
+Carlisle, bought this manor from Ralph de Rhodes, he and his
+successors were still bound to &ldquo;do suit and service&rdquo;
+to Ralph and his heirs, and in the brief summary with which this
+chapter opened we named Roger le Scrope and Margaret his wife,
+with Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife, among those descendants of
+Ralph de Rhodes.&nbsp; We have fuller mention of them in
+documents which we here quote.&nbsp; In a Roll of the reign of
+Edward I., <a name="citation19c"></a><a href="#footnote19c"
+class="citation">[19c]</a> John, son <!-- page 20--><a
+name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>of Gerard de
+Rhodes, says &ldquo;Know all, present and future, that I, John,
+son of Gerard, have granted, and by this charter confirmed, to
+the Lord Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife (among other things) the
+homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors, for the manor of Horncastre, with appurtenances,
+&amp;c., which Gerard, son of Gerard my brother, granted to me,
+&amp;c., to have and to hold of the Lord the King . . . rendering
+for them annually to me and my heirs &pound;80
+sterling.&rdquo;&nbsp; While in another Roll <a
+name="citation20a"></a><a href="#footnote20a"
+class="citation">[20a]</a> of the reign of Richard II., the king
+states that having inspected the above he confirms the grants,
+not only to the said &ldquo;Robert Tybetot and his wife
+Eve,&rdquo; but also &ldquo;to our very dear and faithful Roger
+le Scrope and Margaret his wife,&rdquo; recognizing them, it
+would seem, as descendants of the earlier grantee, Gerbald de
+Escald, from whom they all inherited.</p>
+<p>Of these personages we may here say that both Tibetots and Le
+Scrope were of high position and influence.&nbsp; The name of
+Thebetot, or Tibetot, is found in the Battle Abbey Roll, as given
+by the historians Stow and Holinshed; <a
+name="citation20b"></a><a href="#footnote20b"
+class="citation">[20b]</a> with a slight variation of name, as
+Tibtofts, they were Lords of Langer, Co. Notts., and afterwards
+Earls of Worcester. <a name="citation20c"></a><a
+href="#footnote20c" class="citation">[20c]</a>&nbsp; According to
+the historian, Camden, John Tibtoft was Lord-Lieutenant of
+Ireland under Henry VI., created by him Earl of Worcester, but
+executed for treason. <a name="citation20d"></a><a
+href="#footnote20d" class="citation">[20d]</a>&nbsp; His
+successor, John, was Lord Deputy under Edward IV. <a
+name="citation20e"></a><a href="#footnote20e"
+class="citation">[20e]</a>&nbsp; The last of the Tibetots,
+Robert, died without male issue; his three daughters were under
+the guardianship of Richard le Scrope, who married the eldest
+daughter, Margaret, to his son Roger.&nbsp; This is the one named
+above in connection with Horncastle.&nbsp; The Tibetot property
+of Langer, Notts., thus passed to the Le Scropes, and continued
+in that family down to Emanuel, created Earl of Sunderland by
+Charles I., AD. 1628. <a name="citation20f"></a><a
+href="#footnote20f" class="citation">[20f]</a>&nbsp; Castle Combe
+in Wiltshire was one of their residences, <a
+name="citation20g"></a><a href="#footnote20g"
+class="citation">[20g]</a> but their chief seat was Bolton in
+Richmondshire. <a name="citation20h"></a><a href="#footnote20h"
+class="citation">[20h]</a>&nbsp; William le Scrope was created
+Earl of Wiltshire by Richard II., but beheaded when that king was
+dethroned and murdered, in 1399. <a name="citation20i"></a><a
+href="#footnote20i" class="citation">[20i]</a>&nbsp; Richard le
+Scrope was Archbishop of York, but condemned by Henry IV. for
+treason. <a name="citation20j"></a><a href="#footnote20j"
+class="citation">[20j]</a>&nbsp; The name Le Scrope also appears
+in the Battle Abbey Roll of the Conqueror.&nbsp; Thus in both
+Tibetots and Scropes Horncastle was connected with families who
+played a considerable part in public life.</p>
+<p>In the reign of Edward VI. there was a temporary change in the
+ownership of this manor.&nbsp; Among the Carlisle Papers is one
+<a name="citation20k"></a><a href="#footnote20k"
+class="citation">[20k]</a> by which that king grants permission
+to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, to sell &ldquo;to our very
+dear and faithful councellor, Edward Fynes, K.G., Lord Clinton
+and Saye, High Admiral of England, the lordship and soke of
+Horncastre, with all rights, appurtenances, &amp;c., to hold to
+himself, his heirs and assigns for ever,&rdquo; and that he, the
+said Edward, &ldquo;can give and grant to the said Robert,
+bishop, an <!-- page 21--><a name="page21"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 21</span>annual rent of &pound;28 6s.
+8d.&rdquo;&nbsp; We have, however, in this case an illustration
+of the instability even of royal decrees, in that on the demise
+of that worthy prince, to whom the realm and Church of England
+owe so much, his successor, Queen Mary, in the very next year,
+A.D. 1553, cancelled this sale, and a document exists at Carlisle
+<a name="citation21a"></a><a href="#footnote21a"
+class="citation">[21a]</a> showing that she &ldquo;granted a
+licence,&rdquo; probably in effect compulsory, to the same Lord
+Clinton and Saye, &ldquo;to alienate his lordship and soke of
+Horncastle and to re-convey it to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of
+Carlisle.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>His Lordship would, however, appear to have continued to hold
+the manor on lease under the bishop, and to have acted in a
+somewhat high-handed manner to his spiritual superior, probably
+under the influence of the change in religious sentiment between
+the reigns of &ldquo;the bloody Mary,&rdquo; and her sister
+Elizabeth of glorious memory.&nbsp; For again we find a document
+<a name="citation21b"></a><a href="#footnote21b"
+class="citation">[21b]</a> of the reign of the latter, in which
+the Bishop of Carlisle complains to Sir Francis Walsingham, the
+Queen&rsquo;s Commissioner, of a &ldquo;book of
+Horncastle,&rdquo; which the Earl of Lincoln (the new title of
+Lord Clinton and Saye) had sent to him &ldquo;to be
+sealed,&rdquo; because (he says) the earl, by the words of the
+grant, had taken from him &ldquo;lands and tithes of the yearly
+value of &pound;28 6s. 8d.,&rdquo; the exact sum, be it observed,
+above specified as the rent to be paid by Lord Clinton and Saye
+to the bishop, Robert Aldrich.&nbsp; Of this, he asserts,
+&ldquo;the see of Carlisle is seized and the earl is not in legal
+possession by his lease now &lsquo;in esse.&rsquo;&rdquo; <a
+name="citation21c"></a><a href="#footnote21c"
+class="citation">[21c]</a>&nbsp; He wages his suit &ldquo;the
+more boldly, because of the extraordinary charges he has been at,
+from the lamentable scarcity in the country, the great multitude
+of poor people, and other charges before he came had made him a
+poor man, and yet he must go on with it . . . the number of them
+which want food to keep their lives in their bodies is so
+pitiful.&nbsp; If the Lord Warden and he did not charge
+themselves a great number would die of hunger, and some have done
+so,&rdquo; dated Rose Castle, 26 May, 1578.</p>
+<p>His lordship, however, did one good turn to the town of
+Horncastle in founding the Grammar School, in the 13th year of
+the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1571, although (as we shall show in
+our chapter on the school) this was really not strictly a
+foundation but a re-establishment; as a grammar school is known
+to have existed in the town more than two centuries earlier.</p>
+<p>We have one more record of Lord Clinton&rsquo;s connection
+with the town, from which it would appear that the Priory of
+Bullington, near Wragby, and Kirkstead Abbey also had property in
+Horncastle.&nbsp; A Carlisle document <a
+name="citation21d"></a><a href="#footnote21d"
+class="citation">[21d]</a> shows that in the reign of Edward VI.
+Lord Clinton and Saye received a grant of &ldquo;lands, tenements
+and hereditaments in Horncastle, late in the <!-- page 22--><a
+name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>tenure of
+Alexander Rose and his assigns, and formerly of the dissolved
+monastery of Bollington; also two tenements, one house, two
+&lsquo;lez bark houses&rsquo; (Horncastle tanners would seem even
+then to have flourished), one house called &lsquo;le kylne
+howse,&rsquo; one &lsquo;le garthing,&rsquo; 14 terrages of land
+in the fields of Thornton, with appurtenances lying in
+Horncastle, &amp;c., and once belonging to the monastery of
+Kyrkestead.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>As in other places the Clinton family seem to have been
+succeeded by the Thymelbys, of these we have several
+records.&nbsp; An Escheator&rsquo;s Inquisition of the reign of
+Henry VIII., <a name="citation22a"></a><a href="#footnote22a"
+class="citation">[22a]</a> taken by Roger Hilton, at Horncastle,
+Oct. 5, 1512, shewed that &ldquo;Richard Thymylby, Esquire, was
+seized of the manor of Parish-fee, in Horncastre, held of the
+Bishop of Carlisle, as of his soke of Horncastre, by fealty, and
+a rent of &pound;7 by the year.&rdquo;&nbsp; He was also
+&ldquo;seized of one messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastre,
+called Fool-thyng, parcel of the said manor of Parish-fee.&rdquo;
+<a name="citation22b"></a><a href="#footnote22b"
+class="citation">[22b]</a>&nbsp; The said Richard died 3 March, 3
+Henry VIII. (A.D. 1512).&nbsp; This was, however, by no means the
+first of this family connected with Horncastle.&nbsp; Deriving
+their name from the parish of Thimbleby, in the soke of
+Horncastle, we find the first mention of a Thymelby in that
+parish in a post mortem Inquisition of the reign of Edward III.,
+<a name="citation22c"></a><a href="#footnote22c"
+class="citation">[22c]</a> which shews that Nicholas de Thymelby
+then held land in Thimbleby under the Bishop of Carlisle, A.D.
+1333; but nearly a century before that date a Lincoln document <a
+name="citation22d"></a><a href="#footnote22d"
+class="citation">[22d]</a> mentions one Ivo, son of Odo de
+Thymelby, as holding under the Bishop in Horncastle, in the reign
+of Henry III., A.D. 1248.</p>
+<p>Further, in the reign of Edward I., as is shewn by a Harleian
+MS., in the British Museum, <a name="citation22e"></a><a
+href="#footnote22e" class="citation">[22e]</a> Richard de
+Thymelby was Dean of Horncastle; Thomas, son of the above
+Nicholas de Thymelby, presented to the benefice of Ruckland in
+1381, John de Thymelby presented to Tetford in 1388, and John
+again to Somersby in 1394, <a name="citation22f"></a><a
+href="#footnote22f" class="citation">[22f]</a> and other members
+of the family presented at later periods.&nbsp; The family
+continued to advance in wealth and position until in the reign of
+Edward VI. it was found by an Inquisition <a
+name="citation22g"></a><a href="#footnote22g"
+class="citation">[22g]</a> that Matthew Thymelby, of Poolham
+(their chief residence in this neighbourhood), owned the manor of
+Thymbleby, that of Parish-fee in Horncastle and five others, with
+lands in eight other parishes, and the advowsons of Ruckland,
+Farforth, Somersby and Tetford.&nbsp; He married Anne, daughter
+of Sir Robert Hussey.&nbsp; Other influential marriages were
+those of John Thymelby, &ldquo;Lord of Polum&rdquo; (Poolham), to
+Isabel, <a name="citation22h"></a><a href="#footnote22h"
+class="citation">[22h]</a> daughter of Sir John Fflete, Knt.
+(circa 1409); William (probably) to Joan, daughter of Sir Walter
+Tailboys (circa 1432), <a name="citation22i"></a><a
+href="#footnote22i" class="citation">[22i]</a> a connection of
+the Earl of Angus; Matthew&rsquo;s widow marrying Sir Robert
+Savile, Knt. <a name="citation22j"></a><a href="#footnote22j"
+class="citation">[22j]</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 23--><a
+name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>
+<a href="images/p23b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Plan of Horncastle, 1908&mdash;from the Ordnance Survey"
+title=
+"Plan of Horncastle, 1908&mdash;from the Ordnance Survey"
+src="images/p23s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 24--><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+24</span>In connection with the marriage of William to Joan
+Tailboys we may mention that the base, all that now remains, of
+the churchyard cross at Tetford bears on its west side the
+Thimbleby arms &ldquo;differenced&rdquo; with those of Tailboys,
+the north side having the Thimbleby arms pure and simple. <a
+name="citation24a"></a><a href="#footnote24a"
+class="citation">[24a]</a></p>
+<p>Another important marriage was that of Richard Thimbleby (A.D.
+1510) to Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Godfrey Hilton of
+Irnham Manor near Grantham, through which alliance that property
+passed to the Thimblebys.&nbsp; It had been granted to Ralph
+Paganel by the Conqueror, afterwards passed to Sir Andrew
+Luterel, Knt., and later to Sir Geoffrey Hilton, Knt.&nbsp;
+Richard Thimbleby built Irnham Hall; he was succeeded by his son
+and heir, Sir John Thimbleby, who thus became the head of the
+family, which has in later times become almost extinct.&nbsp;
+This fine mansion, in the Tudor style of architecture, standing
+in a deer park of more than 250 acres, was destroyed by fire,
+Nov. 12, 1887, being then owned by W. Hervey Woodhouse, Esq., who
+bought it of Lord Clifford&rsquo;s son. <a
+name="citation24b"></a><a href="#footnote24b"
+class="citation">[24b]</a></p>
+<p>Turning again to the Carlisle documents we find one of the
+reign of Edward III., <a name="citation24c"></a><a
+href="#footnote24c" class="citation">[24c]</a> giving an
+agreement made in the King&rsquo;s Court at Westminster (20 Jan.,
+1353&ndash;4), &ldquo;between Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, plaintiff, and Henry Colvile, knt., and Margaret his
+wife, deforciants,&rdquo; whereby, among other property, the
+latter acknowledge that certain &ldquo;messuages, one mill, ten
+acres of land (<i>i.e.</i> arable), two pastures, and &pound;7 of
+rent, with appurtenances, in Horncastre, Thimilby, and Bokeland
+(<i>i.e.</i> Woodhall), are of the right of the said Thomas; and
+for this the said Thomas gives to the said Henry and Margaret 200
+marks of silver.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Another document of the same reign, <a
+name="citation24d"></a><a href="#footnote24d"
+class="citation">[24d]</a> of date 1360&ndash;1, states that
+Gilbert de Wilton, Bishop of Carlisle, &ldquo;gives 60s. for the
+King&rsquo;s licence to remit to Thomas son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, and John his younger brother, the service of being
+Reeve (<i>i.e.</i> Bailiff) of the Bishop, and other services,
+which are due from him to the said Bishop for lands and tenements
+held of the said Bishop in Horncastre,&rdquo; and
+elsewhere.&nbsp; Another document, <a name="citation24e"></a><a
+href="#footnote24e" class="citation">[24e]</a> dated a few years
+later, shews an agreement made at Westminster, between Thomas
+Thymelby and his brother John, on the one part, and Frederick de
+Semerton and Amice his wife, deforciants, concerning four tofts,
+certain land, and &pound;7 of rent, with appurtenances, in
+Horncastre and contiguous parts, by which &ldquo;the said
+Frederick and Amice acknowledge these (properties) to be of the
+right of the said Thomas and his brother,&rdquo; and for this
+Thomas pays them 100 marks of silver.&nbsp; Two other Carlisle
+documents of considerably later date refer to members of this
+same family of Thymelby, but are chiefly of value as introducing
+to us a new name among Horncastle owners of land.</p>
+<p>A Chancery Inquisition <a name="citation24f"></a><a
+href="#footnote24f" class="citation">[24f]</a> taken at
+Horncastle, 24 Sept., 1612, shews that &ldquo;John Kent, of
+Langton, was seized in his manor of Horncastell, with the
+appurtenances, called Parish-fee, and certain messuages,
+cottages, land and meadows in Horncastell (and elsewhere), lately
+purchased of Robert Savile and Richard Thymelby,&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;held under the Bishop of Carlisle by fealty,&rdquo; . . .
+that &ldquo;the said John Kent died 19 Sept., 1611, and that
+William Kent, his son, is next heir.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><!-- page 25--><a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+25</span>We have already seen that, about 60 years before, the
+widow of Matthew Thymelby had married Sir Robert Savile; he
+belonged to an old and influential family now represented by Lord
+Savile of Rufford Abbey, Notts., and the Earl of Mexborough,
+Methley Park, Yorkshire.&nbsp; By the aforesaid marriage the bulk
+of the Thymelby property passed to the Saviles, and like the
+Thymelbys they had their chief residence, in this neighbourhood,
+at Poolham Hall, owning among many other possessions the
+aforesaid sub-manor of Parish-fee in Horncastle, which, as we
+have seen, was sold by their joint action to John Kent of
+Langton.&nbsp; We have already had mention of a John Savile who
+was apparently captain of the &ldquo;trained band&rdquo;
+connected with Horncastle in the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1586
+(see p. 14); Gervase Holles mentions this John Savile as joint
+lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney, and lord of Tetford in the
+same reign. (<i>Collectanea</i>, vol. iii, p. 770).</p>
+<p>From another document <a name="citation25a"></a><a
+href="#footnote25a" class="citation">[25a]</a> it would seem
+that, some 10 or 11 years later, Richard Thymelby and Robert
+Savile were involved in a more than questionable transaction with
+regard to the property thus transferred.&nbsp; Among the Carlisle
+papers is a Petition in Chancery, of which we here give the text,
+slightly abridged, as it is remarkable, and fittingly brings to a
+close our notices of the Thymelbys in connection with
+Horncastle.</p>
+<p>To the Right Honble. Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., Lord Chancellor
+of England.&nbsp; Complainant sheweth, on the oath of your
+petitioner, Evan Reignolds, of St. Catherine&rsquo;s, Co.
+Middlesex, gent., and Joan his wife, that, whereas Richard
+Thymelby, some time of Poleham, Co. Lincoln, Esq., deceased, was
+seized of the manors of Poleham, Thimbleby, Horsington, Stixwold,
+Buckland, Horncastle, Edlington (&amp;c.), and tenements in
+Langton, Blankney, Baumber, and in one pasture inclosed for 1000
+sheep, called Heirick (High-Rig, in Woodhall, near Poolham)
+pasture, &amp;c., whereof Robert Savile was seized for life,
+conveyed the same to his father-in-law Robert Savile . . . the
+said Richard Thymelby, going up to London, negotiated to sell the
+property to one Richard Gardiner, and for &pound;2,300 engaged,
+at his desire, to convey all to John Wooton, the &pound;2,300 was
+paid to Richard Thymelby and bargain settled July 15, 6 Elizabeth
+(A.D. 1564). <a name="citation25b"></a><a href="#footnote25b"
+class="citation">[25b]</a>&nbsp; A dispute arose in the following
+year between Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile, which was
+submitted to arbitrators (Feb. 15, 7 Elizabeth), who ordered
+Richard Thymelby to pay Robert Savile &pound;1,500, and Robert
+Savile should then convey all to Richard Thymelby.&nbsp; The
+&pound;1,500 was paid and afterwards the two &ldquo;confederated
+to defraud the said Richard Gardiner and conveyed the said manors
+to John Kent.&rdquo;&nbsp; The judgment of the court is not
+given, but neither of the defendants, surely, cut a very
+creditable figure, and Richard Thymelby, suitably, we must admit,
+passes from the scene.</p>
+<p>Of the Saviles we may here give a few more particulars.&nbsp;
+Gervase Holles, the antiquary, mentions in his <i>Collectanea</i>
+(vol. iii, p. 770) John Savile, Esq., as Lord of the Manor of
+Tetford, in this neighbourhood, in the reign of Elizabeth, and as
+joint Lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney, Esq. (of the latter
+and his wife there is a very fine sepulchral monument in the
+church of the adjoining parish of Bag Enderby).&nbsp; The most
+distinguished literary member of the family was Sir Henry Savile,
+a learned mathematician, Fellow and Warden of Merton College,
+Oxford, and Provost of Eton; a munificent patron of <!-- page
+26--><a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+26</span>learning, founding Professorships of Astronomy and
+Geography at his University; he wrote a <i>Treatise on Roman
+Warfare</i>, but his great work was a translation of the writings
+of St. Chrysostom, a monument of industry and learning; he was
+knighted by James I., and his bust is carved in stone in the
+quadrangle of the Bodleian Library at Oxford, among those of
+other benefactors.&nbsp; Charles I. conferred the Earldom of
+Sussex on Thomas, Lord Savile of Pontefract.&nbsp; Several
+members of the family were Seneschals, or Stewards, of
+Wakefield.&nbsp; George was created Marquis of Halifax, another
+was Baron of the Exchequer.&nbsp; The name is given in the
+Conqueror&rsquo;s Roll of Battle Abbey (A.D. 1066),
+Hollinshed&rsquo;s version, as Sent Ville, in Stow&rsquo;s
+version as Sant Vile, while a Chancery Inquisition (of 18 Henry
+VII., No. 46, <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1895,
+p. 17) gives it as Say-vile, and on the analogy of Nevill,
+formerly de Nov&acirc;-vill&acirc;, we may perhaps assume that
+the original form was de Sanct&acirc;-vill&acirc; (or &ldquo;of
+the Holy City&rdquo;); which may well have been adopted by one
+who had made a pilgrimage to Canterbury, Rome, or Jerusalem
+itself.</p>
+<p>I should, however, add that a member of the family, Miss
+Elizabeth J. Savile, who has herself dug to the roots of the
+genealogical tree, gives a different version of their
+origin.&nbsp; According to her they are descended from the Dukes
+de Savelli, who again trace their lineage from the still more
+ancient Sabella in Italy.&nbsp; When John Savile, 2nd son of Sir
+John Savile, travelled in Italy in the time of James I., the then
+Duke de Savelli received him as a kinsman.&nbsp; Of this family
+were the Popes Honorius III. and Honorius IV.&nbsp; A MS.
+Visitation in the British Museum says &ldquo;It is conceived,
+that this family came into England with Geoffrey Plantagenet,
+rather than with the Conqueror, because there are two towns of
+this name on the frontiers of Anjou, both of which were annexed
+to the crown of England when the said Geoffrey married Maud, sole
+daughter and heir of Henry I.&rdquo;&nbsp; This is said to have
+been taken from the Savile pedigree in the keeping of Henry
+Savile of Bowlings, Esq., living in 1665.&nbsp; The Saviles of
+Methley trace their descent, in the male line, from this Sir John
+Savile of Savile Hall.&nbsp; One branch, the Saviles of
+Thornhill, are now represented in the female line by the Duke of
+Devonshire, and the Savile Foljambes, one of whom is the present
+Lord Hawkesbury.&nbsp; The Saviles of Copley, now extinct, are
+represented by the Duke of Norfolk, and a younger branch by the
+Earls of Mexborough.&nbsp; The opinion that they came from Anjou
+is generally accepted, the authorities being <i>Yorkshire
+Pedigrees</i>, <i>British Museum Visitations</i>, Gregorovius,
+uno frio, Panvinio, and other chroniclers.</p>
+<p>We now proceed to notice the other persons, of more or less
+repute, who were at various periods owners in Horncastle.&nbsp;
+In the 3rd year of King John we find Gerard de Camville paying
+fees for land in Horncastle by his deputy, Hugo Fitz Richard, to
+the amount of &pound;836, which was a large sum in those days. <a
+name="citation26a"></a><a href="#footnote26a"
+class="citation">[26a]</a>&nbsp; He was sheriff of the county,
+A.D. 1190, along with Hugo. <a name="citation26b"></a><a
+href="#footnote26b" class="citation">[26b]</a>&nbsp; The name,
+however, is more known for the celebrated defence of Lincoln
+Castle by Nicholaia de Camville against the besieging forces of
+King Stephen in 1191, and again in her old age against Henry
+III., assisted by Louis, Dauphin of France.&nbsp; An ancestor of
+William de Camville is named in the Battle Abbey Roll, among
+those Normans who came over with the Conqueror.</p>
+<p>William de Lizures and Eudo de Bavent are also named as paying
+similar fees, though to smaller amounts.&nbsp; The de Lizures
+were a powerful Yorkshire <!-- page 27--><a
+name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>family, who
+inter-married with the De Lacys of Pontefract Castle and
+inherited some of their large estates. <a
+name="citation27a"></a><a href="#footnote27a"
+class="citation">[27a]</a>&nbsp; Among these, one was the
+neighbouring manor of Kirkby-on-Bain, which would seem to have
+passed to the Lady Albreda Lizures; <a name="citation27b"></a><a
+href="#footnote27b" class="citation">[27b]</a> they probably
+derived their name from the town of Lisieux, near Harfleur in
+Normandy.&nbsp; We soon lose sight of this family in England, and
+they seem to have migrated northward and to have acquired lands
+in Scotland.&nbsp; The name De Lizures is common in Scottish
+Cartularies, for instance in the Cartulary of Kelso, p. 257
+(<i>Notes &amp; Queries</i>, series 2, vol. xii, p. 435).&nbsp;
+In 1317 William and Gregory de Lizures were Lords of Gorton, and
+held lands near Roslyn Castle, Edinburgh (<i>Genealogie of the
+Saint Claires of Roslyn</i>, by Father Augustin Hay, re-published
+Edinburgh, 1835), [<i>Notes &amp; Queries</i>, 3rd series, vol.
+i, p. 173].</p>
+<p>The De Bavents were also a distinguished family, their
+connection with Horncastle survives in the name of a field in the
+south of the parish, on the Rye farm, which is called
+&ldquo;Bavent&rsquo;s Close.&rdquo;&nbsp; A few particulars of
+this family may not be without interest.&nbsp; The earliest named
+are Richard de Bavent in 1160, <a name="citation27c"></a><a
+href="#footnote27c" class="citation">[27c]</a> and Eudo de Bavent
+in 1161, <a name="citation27d"></a><a href="#footnote27d"
+class="citation">[27d]</a> as holding the manor of
+Mareham-le-Fen, in the extreme south of the Horncastle soke,
+under Henry II., &ldquo;by service of falconry.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation27e"></a><a href="#footnote27e"
+class="citation">[27e]</a>&nbsp; Eudo (about 1200) gave &ldquo;to
+God, the Cathedral, and Chapter of Lincoln,&rdquo; his lands in
+the north fen of Bilsby. <a name="citation27f"></a><a
+href="#footnote27f" class="citation">[27f]</a>&nbsp; The family
+seem to have gradually increased their possessions in this
+neighbourhood.&nbsp; In 1290, under Edward I., we find Jollan de
+Bavent holding lands in Billesby and Winceby, as well as Mareham.
+<a name="citation27g"></a><a href="#footnote27g"
+class="citation">[27g]</a>&nbsp; In 1319, under Edward II.,
+Robert de Bavent holds his land in Billesby of the King by the
+service of supplying &ldquo;3 falcons for the royal use,&rdquo;
+<a name="citation27h"></a><a href="#footnote27h"
+class="citation">[27h]</a> and, under Edward III., certain
+trustees of Peter de Bavent, by his will, transfer the manor of
+Mareham to the convent of Revesby, to provide a monk who shall
+daily throughout the year say masses &ldquo;for the souls of the
+said Peter and Catherine, his wife, for ever.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation27i"></a><a href="#footnote27i"
+class="citation">[27i]</a>&nbsp; Truly &ldquo;L&rsquo; homme
+propose, et Dieu dispose,&rdquo; for from this time forward we
+hear little of the Bavents.&nbsp; They may &ldquo;call their
+lands after their own names,&rdquo; &ldquo;Bavent&rsquo;s
+Close&rdquo; survives, but of the whilom owner we can only say,
+in the words of Coleridge:</p>
+<blockquote><p>The knight&rsquo;s bones are dust,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; And his good sword rust,<br />
+His soul is with<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; The saints, we trust.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Another family of distinction connected with Horncastle was
+that of the Angevines.&nbsp; Among the Carlisle documents is one
+<a name="citation27j"></a><a href="#footnote27j"
+class="citation">[27j]</a> shewing that a trial was held at
+Horncastle (A.D. 1489&ndash;90), in which Sir Robert Dymoke,
+Knt., and William Angevin, Esq., recovered possession of 400
+acres of land, with tofts <!-- page 28--><a
+name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>and
+appurtenances, in Horncastle and its soke, from John Hodgisson
+and his wife, John Cracroft, Gervase Clifton (of Clifton) and
+others.&nbsp; This family probably acquired their name thus:
+William the Conqueror brought to England from Normandy a body of
+troops called the &ldquo;Angevine auxiliaries&rdquo; (from the
+province of Anjou), and their descendants were granted lands in
+various parts of the kingdom.&nbsp; One family especially seems
+to have adopted this name, which was variously spelt as Angevine,
+Aungelyne, Aungeby, &amp;c.; they settled in various parts of
+this county at an early period, and Horncastle being a royal
+manor they naturally were located in this neighbourhood.&nbsp; We
+find traces of them at Whaplode in the south, Saltfleetby in the
+north, and Theddlethorpe midway, in the 12th and 14th centuries.
+<a name="citation28a"></a><a href="#footnote28a"
+class="citation">[28a]</a>&nbsp; Among Lincoln records is the
+will of Robert Angevin, Gent., <a name="citation28b"></a><a
+href="#footnote28b" class="citation">[28b]</a> of Langton by
+Horncastle, dated 25 April, 1545, in which he requests to be
+buried in the Church of St. Margaret (then a much larger edifice
+than the present); he leaves to his son land in Hameringham, and
+to his widow, for life, and his four daughters, lands in
+Burnsall, Hebden, Conyseat and Norton, in the County of
+York.&nbsp; His brother, John Angevin, resided at West Ashby,
+then a hamlet of Horncastle.&nbsp; William Angevin, Gent., of
+Theddlethorpe <a name="citation28c"></a><a href="#footnote28c"
+class="citation">[28c]</a> is named in the official list of
+Lincolnshire freeholders made in 1561, and the name also appears
+in the Visitation of 1562, but all traces of the family disappear
+before the time of the commonwealth.</p>
+<p>The same Carlisle document <a name="citation28d"></a><a
+href="#footnote28d" class="citation">[28d]</a> mentions Thomas
+Fitz-William as concerned in the said dispute, as being a
+Horncastle proprietor; while, further, another Carlisle document
+of the time of Henry VIII., shows that Thomas Fitz-William, Esq.,
+was seized of one capital messuage, 6 other messuages, 4 tofts
+and 100 acres of land in Horncastle, held of the Prior of
+Carlisle, and John Fitz-William was his heir. <a
+name="citation28e"></a><a href="#footnote28e"
+class="citation">[28e]</a>&nbsp; The Fitz-Williams again were a
+very ancient and distinguished family, the name is found in the
+Battle Abbey Roll of William the Conqueror.&nbsp; The family
+claim descent from Sir William Fitz-Goderic, cousin of King
+Edward the Confessor.&nbsp; His son, Sir William Fitz-William,
+has been said (as the name might imply) to have been really a
+natural son of William the Conqueror himself, <a
+name="citation28f"></a><a href="#footnote28f"
+class="citation">[28f]</a> but the more generally accepted
+version is that Fitz-Goderic was his father.&nbsp; Sir William
+Fitz-William accompanied the Duke of Normandy to England as
+Marshal of his army, and for his bravery at the battle of
+Hastings the Conqueror gave him a scarf from his own arm.&nbsp; A
+descendant, in the reign of Elizabeth, was thrice Lord Lieutenant
+of Ireland; he was also Governor of Fotheringhay Castle when the
+unfortunate Queen Mary of Scotland was imprisoned there, and
+before she was beheaded she gave him a portrait of herself, which
+is still preserved at Milton House, near Peterborough, one of the
+seats of the Earls Fitz-William, who now represent the family,
+Baron of Milton being their second title.&nbsp; A Patent of
+Edward IV. (A.D. 1461) <a name="citation28g"></a><a
+href="#footnote28g" class="citation">[28g]</a> shows that Richard
+Fitz-William had the privilege granted to him by that King of
+&ldquo;free warren&rdquo; at Ulceby, near Alford.</p>
+<p><!-- page 29--><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+29</span>An Inquisition in the reign of Henry VII. <a
+name="citation29a"></a><a href="#footnote29a"
+class="citation">[29a]</a> (A.D. 1502) shows that Thomas
+Fitz-William held the manors of Mavis Enderby, Maidenwell and
+Mablethorpe.&nbsp; The list of magistrates for the county in the
+reign of Henry VIII. <a name="citation29b"></a><a
+href="#footnote29b" class="citation">[29b]</a> contains the name
+of George Fitz-William along with Lionel Dymoke, Lord Willoughby,
+and others; while an Inquisition held five years later <a
+name="citation29c"></a><a href="#footnote29c"
+class="citation">[29c]</a> shews that Thomas Fitz-William held
+the aforementioned manor of Ulceby, by the &ldquo;service of 1
+falcon annually to the King.&rdquo;&nbsp; Sir William
+Fitz-William in the same reign <a name="citation29d"></a><a
+href="#footnote29d" class="citation">[29d]</a> was Lord High
+Admiral.&nbsp; John Fitz-William is named in the Herald&rsquo;s
+list of county gentry in the 16th century as residing at
+Skidbrook, a hamlet of Saltfleet Haven, <a
+name="citation29e"></a><a href="#footnote29e"
+class="citation">[29e]</a> and William Fitz-William, Esq.,
+supplied &ldquo;one lance and two light horse&rdquo; when the
+Spanish Armada was expected to invade England, in the reign of
+Queen Elizabeth. <a name="citation29f"></a><a href="#footnote29f"
+class="citation">[29f]</a>&nbsp; William Fitz-William of
+Mablethorpe <a name="citation29g"></a><a href="#footnote29g"
+class="citation">[29g]</a> married, in 1536, Elizabeth daughter
+of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt, of Kettlethorpe, a member of a very old
+Lincolnshire family, still owning property in this neighbourhood;
+and in 1644 Sir William Wentworth, <a name="citation29h"></a><a
+href="#footnote29h" class="citation">[29h]</a> a scion of a
+younger branch, married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Thomas
+Savile, of Wakefield, whose family we have already mentioned as
+connected with Horncastle.</p>
+<p>In 1620 the head of the Fitz-William family was created an
+Irish Peer; in 1742 the 3rd Baron was made Baron Milton in the
+peerage of Great Britain; and, 4 years later, Earl
+Fitz-William.&nbsp; In 1782, on the death of his uncle, the last
+Marquis of Rockingham, the Earl of that day succeeded to the
+Yorkshire and Northamptonshire estates of the Wentworths, and in
+1807 they took the name of Wentworth as an affix.&nbsp; In the
+early part of the 19th century the name became again connected
+with Horncastle, when Earl Fitz-William, grandfather of the
+present Earl, hunted the local pack of foxhounds, which were kept
+in Horncastle, in what is still called Dog-kennel Yard, at the
+back of St. Lawrence Street.&nbsp; An old friend, formerly
+practicing as a Doctor in Horncastle, but lately deceased, has
+told the writer that he remembered seeing the Earl&rsquo;s hounds
+breaking cover from Whitehall Wood, in the parish of Martin.</p>
+<p>There is one more Carlisle document deserving of quotation as
+it is of a peculiar nature.&nbsp; A Patent Roll of the reign of
+Elizabeth, <a name="citation29i"></a><a href="#footnote29i"
+class="citation">[29i]</a> A.D. 1577, records that a
+&ldquo;pardon&rdquo; was granted to &ldquo;Sir Thomas Cecil,
+Knt., for acquiring the manor of Langton (by Horncastle) with
+appurtenances, and 30 messuages, 20 cottages, 40 tofts, 4
+dove-cotes, 40 gardens, 30 orchards, 1,400 acres of (cultivated)
+land, 100 acres of wood, 100 acres of furze and heath, 200 acres
+of marsh, 40s. of rent, and common pasture, with appurtenances,
+in Horncastle, Thimbleby, Martin, Thornton and Woodhall, from
+Philip Tylney, Esq., by fine levied without licence.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+This was a somewhat extensive acquisition.&nbsp; We have already
+recorded a more than questionable transaction in the transfer of
+land by Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile, A.D. 1564, and this
+transaction <!-- page 30--><a name="page30"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 30</span>of Sir Thomas Cecil, 13 years later,
+seems also to have been in some way irregular, since it needed
+the royal &ldquo;pardon.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>There is nothing to show who this Philip Tylney was, who acted
+on this occasion as vendor, but Sir Thomas Cecil was the son of
+the great Lord Treasurer Burghley, who was Secretary of State
+under Edward VI., and for 40 years guided the Councils of Queen
+Elizabeth.&nbsp; Sir Thomas himself was a high official under
+Elizabeth and King James I.; he was knighted in 1575, received
+the Order of the Garter in 1601; under James I. he was made Privy
+Councillor, and having succeeded his father as Baron Burghley,
+was created by James Earl of Exeter.&nbsp; His brother Sir Robert
+also held high office and was made in 1603 Baron Cecil, in 1604
+Viscount Cranbourne, in 1605 Earl of Salisbury.&nbsp; Thomas
+Cecil died Feb. 7, 1622, aged 80, and was buried in Westminster
+Abbey.&nbsp; He married 1st Dorothy, daughter of John Nevil, Lord
+Latimer, and 2nd, Frances, daughter of Lord Chandos.&nbsp; He
+was, doubtless, a man of large ideas and great ambition, his
+royal mistress was herself Lady of the manor of Horncastle, and
+Horncastle having thus been brought under his notice, he may have
+been too grasping in compassing his purposes.&nbsp; The Revesby
+Charters <a name="citation30a"></a><a href="#footnote30a"
+class="citation">[30a]</a> show that he purchased that estate in
+1575.</p>
+<p>We may add that the Cecils were descended from an ancient
+family located in Wales soon after the Norman Conquest, and
+acquired large possessions in the reign of King Rufus; the 14th
+in descent was David Cecil of Stamford, Sergeant at Arms to King
+Henry VIII., he was grandfather to the 1st Lord Burghley. <a
+name="citation30b"></a><a href="#footnote30b"
+class="citation">[30b]</a>&nbsp; The present representatives of
+this old family are the Marquis of Exeter of Burghley House,
+Stamford, and the Marquis of Salisbury of Hatfield House,
+Herts.</p>
+<p>We have now reached the end of a somewhat lengthy series of
+owners formerly connected with Horncastle, its manor, and its
+soke, bringing us down to the early part of the 17th century, and
+we think that few towns, of its size, could show such a record of
+distinguished names.&nbsp; The information available as to more
+recent periods is more meagre.&nbsp; The Bishops of Carlisle
+continued to hold the manor down to the year 1856, and various
+parties held leases of it under them, they themselves residing
+here from time to time, <a name="citation30c"></a><a
+href="#footnote30c" class="citation">[30c]</a> until the
+episcopal palace was demolished in 1770, when the present Manor
+House was erected on its site.</p>
+<p>We have already stated that Queen Elizabeth leased the manor
+from the Bishop of Carlisle of that date, she was succeeded in
+the lease by King James I., who transferred it to Sir Henry
+Clinton, but owing to a legal error in that transaction, it
+proved void.&nbsp; One of the said Bishops in the next reign was
+Dr. Robert Snowden, whose family were located in this
+neighbourhood, his son being Vicar of Horncastle.&nbsp; Abigail
+Snowden married Edward, son of Sir Edward Dymoke, Knt., in 1654,
+and Jane Snowden married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby
+Court; the former belonged to the, so called, Tetford branch of
+the Dymokes, who have of late years also succeeded to the
+Scrivelsby property.&nbsp; Bishop Robert Snowden granted a lease
+of the Horncastle manor to his kinsman, Rutland Snowden, and his
+assignees for three lives; but this <!-- page 31--><a
+name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>would appear
+to have been afterwards cancelled, owing to the
+&ldquo;delinquency&rdquo; of the first grantee. <a
+name="citation31a"></a><a href="#footnote31a"
+class="citation">[31a]</a>&nbsp; The name of this Rutland Snowden
+appears in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry who were entitled to
+bear arms, at the Herald&rsquo;s Visitation of 1634. <a
+name="citation31b"></a><a href="#footnote31b"
+class="citation">[31b]</a></p>
+<p>A break in the continuity of the sub-tenure of the manor here
+occurs, but not of long duration.&nbsp; The family of Banks are
+next found holding the lease, under the said bishops; the most
+distinguished of them being Sir Joseph Banks, the eminent
+naturalist, and patron of science in almost every form; who
+visited Newfoundland in pursuit of his favourite study;
+accompanied Captain Cook in his voyage to the South Seas; visited
+Iceland with Dr. Solander, the pupil of Linn&aelig;us; made large
+natural history and antiquarian collections; <a
+name="citation31c"></a><a href="#footnote31c"
+class="citation">[31c]</a> became President of the Royal Society;
+and was largely instrumental in forming the schemes for the
+drainage and inclosure of the fens; and other works of public
+utility.&nbsp; His family acquired the Revesby Abbey estates in
+1714, and were closely connected with Horncastle for more than a
+century, as he died in 1820.</p>
+<p>One of his ancestors, also Joseph, was M.P. for Grimsby and
+Totnes; another, also Joseph, had a daughter, Eleonora, who
+married the Honble. Henry Grenville, and was mother of the
+Countess Stanhope.&nbsp; Through this last connection, on the
+demise of Sir Joseph, the leased manor passed, as the nearest
+male relative, to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope, who
+served in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo.&nbsp; He died three
+years later, in 1823, and was succeeded by the late James Banks
+Stanhope, Esq., then a minor, and afterwards M.P. for North
+Lincolnshire; who, some years ago, transferred all his manorial
+rights to the Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th
+Earl Stanhope, and M.P. for the Horncastle Division.&nbsp; He
+died 22 December, 1898, and his widow, the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope
+of Revesby Abbey, became Lady of the Manor; this, on her decease
+in 1907 reverting to the family of the Earl Stanhope, of
+Chevening Park, Sevenoaks, Kent, in the person of his son, the
+Honble. Richard Stanhope, now residing at Revesby Abbey.</p>
+<p>In 1856 the manoral rights of the Bishops of Carlisle were
+transferred to the See of Lincoln, and the Bishop of Lincoln is
+now <i>ex officio</i> Patron of the Benefice.&nbsp; The head of
+the Stanhope family is still the chief owner of property in
+Horncastle; other owners being the Vicar with 92 acres, the
+representatives of the late Sigismund Trafford Southwell with 67
+acres, representatives of the late W. B. Walter (now Majer
+Traves) with 58 acres; while Coningtons, Clitherows, Rev. Richard
+Ward, and about 100 other proprietors hold smaller
+portions.&nbsp; We have mentioned the influence of Sir Joseph
+Banks in the drainage and enclosure of the fens, and on the
+completion of that important work in Wildmore Fen, in 1813, some
+600 acres were added to the soke of Horncastle, about 80 acres
+being assigned to the manor, while the glebe of the Vicar was
+increased so that it now comprises 370 acres.</p>
+<p>We conclude this chapter with another record of the past,
+which should <!-- page 32--><a name="page32"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 32</span>not be omitted.&nbsp; It is somewhat
+remarkable that although Horncastle has been connected with so
+many personages of distinction as proprietors, and for about 600
+years (as already shewn) with royalty itself, as an appanage of
+the crown, it has only once been visited by royalty in
+person.&nbsp; History tells <a name="citation32a"></a><a
+href="#footnote32a" class="citation">[32a]</a> that &ldquo;on
+Sep. 12, 1406, Henry IV. made a royal procession&rdquo; from this
+town (probably coming hither from Bolingbroke Castle, his
+birthplace), &ldquo;with a great and honourable company, to the
+Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot and monks came out, in
+ecclesiastical state, to meet him,&rdquo; and he was royally
+entertained by them.&nbsp; We may perhaps assume that as his
+father, John of Gaunt, had a palace at Lincoln, <a
+name="citation32b"></a><a href="#footnote32b"
+class="citation">[32b]</a> he was on his way thither, where also
+his half brother, Henry Beaufort, had been Bishop, but was
+promoted two years before this to the See of Winchester.</p>
+<p>The nearest approach to another royal visit was that of the
+Protector, Oliver Cromwell, which however was of a private
+character.&nbsp; Although historians do not generally relate it,
+it is locally understood that, after the Battle of Winceby, on
+Oct. 11, 1643, Cromwell personally came to Horncastle to see that
+proper honours were paid, by the churchwarden, Mr. Hamerton, to
+the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, slain on that eventful day in
+single combat with Cromwell himself, who pronounced him to be
+&ldquo;a brave gentleman,&rdquo; he having, indeed, first
+unhorsed Cromwell.&nbsp; This visit would seem to be further
+proved by the fact that a man, named John Barber, died in
+Horncastle, aged 95, A.D. 1855 (or 1856), whose grandfather
+remembered Cromwell, on that occasion, sleeping in the house now
+called Cromwell House, in West Street (or rather an older house
+on the same site); while in the parish register of West Barkwith
+there is an entry of the burial of Nicholas Vickers, in 1719,
+with the additional note that he &ldquo;guided Cromwell over
+Market Rasen Moor,&rdquo; in his journey northward after the
+battle.&nbsp; He may well, therefore, have taken Horncastle on
+his way.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 33--><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+33</span>CHAPTER III.</h2>
+<p>Having, so far, dealt with the more or less conjectural,
+prehistoric period of Horncastle&rsquo;s existence in Chapter I,
+and with the Manor and its ownership in Chapter II, we now
+proceed to give an account of the town&rsquo;s institutions, its
+buildings, and so forth.&nbsp; Among these the Parish Church,
+naturally, claims precedence.</p>
+<h3>ST.&nbsp; MARY&rsquo;S CHURCH.</h3>
+<p>This is probably not the original parish church.&nbsp; There
+is no mention of a church in <i>Domesday Book</i>, and although
+this is not quite conclusive evidence, it is likely that no
+church existed at that date (circa 1085 A.D.); but in Testa de
+Nevill (temp. Richard I.) we find &ldquo;Ecclesia de
+Horncastre,&rdquo; named with those of (West) Ashby, High
+Toynton, Mareham (-on-the-Hill), and (Wood) Enderby, as being in
+the gift of the King; <a name="citation33a"></a><a
+href="#footnote33a" class="citation">[33a]</a> while at an
+Inquisition post mortem, taken at Horncastle, 8 Richard II., No.
+99, <a name="citation33b"></a><a href="#footnote33b"
+class="citation">[33b]</a> the Jurors say that &ldquo;the Lord
+King Edward (I.), son of King Henry (III.), gave to Gilbert,
+Prior of the alien Priory of Wyllesforth, and his successors, 2
+messuages, and 6 oxgangs (90 acres) of land, and the site of the
+Chapel of St. Laurence, with the appurtenances, in
+Horncastre,&rdquo; on condition that they find a fit chaplain to
+celebrate mass in the said chapel three days in every week
+&ldquo;for the souls of the progenitors of the said King, and his
+successors, for ever.&rdquo;&nbsp; This chapel probably stood
+near the street running northwards from the Market Place, now
+called St. Lawrence Street, though, a few years ago, it was
+commonly called &ldquo;Pudding Lane.&rdquo;&nbsp; It is said to
+have formerly been a main street and at the head of it stood the
+Market Cross.&nbsp; Bodies have at various times been <!-- page
+34--><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>found
+interred near this street, indicating the vicinity of a place of
+worship, and, when a block of houses were removed in 1892, by the
+Right Honble. E. Stanhope, Lord of the Manor, to enlarge the
+Market Place, several fragments of Norman pillars were found,
+which, doubtless, once belonged to the Norman Chapel of St.
+Lawrence. <a name="citation34"></a><a href="#footnote34"
+class="citation">[34]</a></p>
+<p>The date of St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, as indicated by the
+oldest part of it, the lower portion of the tower, is early in
+the 13th century.&nbsp; &ldquo;It is a good example of a town
+church of the second class (as said the late Precentor Venables,
+who was a good judge) in no way, indeed, rivalling such churches
+as those of Boston, Louth, Spalding or Grantham; nay even many a
+Lincolnshire village has a finer edifice, but the general effect,
+after various improvements, is, to say the least, pleasing, and
+it has its interesting features.&nbsp; The plan of the church (he
+says) is normal; it consists of nave, with north and south
+aisles; chancel, with south aisle and north chantry, the modern
+vestry being eastward of this; a plain low tower, crowned with
+wooden spirelet and covered with lead.&nbsp; Taking these in
+detail: the tower has two lancet windows in the lower part of the
+west wall, above these a small debased window, and again, above
+this, a two-light window of the Decorated style, similar windows
+on the north and south sides, and at the top an embattled
+Perpendicular parapet.&nbsp; The tower opens on the nave with a
+lofty arch, having pilaster buttresses, which terminate above the
+uppermost of two strings; the base is raised above the nave by
+three steps, the font being on a projection of the first
+step.&nbsp; This lower portion of the tower is the oldest part of
+the church, dating from the Early English period.&nbsp; The
+chamber where the bells are hung is, by the modern arrangement,
+above this lower compartment, and is approached by a winding
+staircase built on the outside of the southern wall, a slight
+disfigurement.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>There are six bells, with the following
+inscriptions:&mdash;</p>
+<p>(1)&nbsp; Lectum fuge.&nbsp; Discute somnum.&nbsp; G. S. T. W.
+H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.</p>
+<p>(2)&nbsp; In templo venerare Deum.&nbsp; H. Penn nos
+fudit.&nbsp; Cornucastri.</p>
+<p>(3)&nbsp; Supplicem Deus audit.&nbsp; Daniel Hedderley cast
+me.&nbsp; 1727.</p>
+<p>(4) Tho. Osborn fecit.&nbsp; Downham, Norfolk. 1801.&nbsp;
+Tho. Bryan and D. Brown, Churchwardens.</p>
+<p>(5)&nbsp; Dum spiras, spera.&nbsp; H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.&nbsp;
+Tho. et Sam. Hamerton Aeditivi.</p>
+<p>(6)&nbsp; Exeat e busto.&nbsp; Auspice Christo.&nbsp; Tho.
+Loddington, LL.D., Vicar H P.&nbsp; 1717.</p>
+<p>Near the south Priest&rsquo;s door, in the chancel, a bell,
+about 1 ft. in height, stands on the floor, unused; this was the
+bell of a former clock in the tower.&nbsp; The &ldquo;Pancake
+Bell&rdquo; is rung on Shrove Tuesday, at 10 a.m.; the Curfew at
+8 p.m., from Oct. 11 to April 6, except Saturdays, at 7 p.m., and
+omitting from St. Thomas&rsquo;s Day to Plough Monday.&nbsp; The
+&ldquo;Grammar School Bell&rdquo; used to be rung daily, Sundays
+excepted, at 7 a.m., but of late years this has been
+discontinued, the Governors refusing to pay for it.</p>
+<p>The fabric of the nave is of the Decorated style, though
+modern in date, with Perpendicular clerestory, having five
+three-light windows, on the north and south sides.&nbsp; The
+arcades are of four bays, with chamfered equilateral arches,
+springing from shafted piers; the capitals of the two central
+ones being ornamented with foliage of a decorated character; the
+others being plain.&nbsp; Each aisle has three three-light
+windows, of decorated style, in the side wall, and a fourth at
+the west end; these are modern, the north aisle having been <!--
+page 35--><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+35</span>re-built in 1820 and the south aisle in 1821.&nbsp;
+There are north and south porches.</p>
+<p>The chancel arch is modern, the carving of its caps being very
+delicate.&nbsp; On the north side the outline of the doorway,
+formerly leading to the rood loft, is still visible, and below,
+on the west side of the chancel wall, is a well-carved statue
+bracket of floriated character, which was transferred from the
+chancel, and on the south side a still older one, much
+plainer.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p35b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+title=
+"St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+src="images/p35s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The east window of the chancel is said to be an enlarged copy
+of the east window of the neighbouring Haltham Church.&nbsp; It
+has five lights, with flamboyant tracery above, and is filled
+with rich coloured glass, by Heaton, Butler &amp; Bayne; the
+subjects being, on the north side, above &ldquo;The
+Annunciation,&rdquo; below &ldquo;The Nativity;&rdquo; 2nd light,
+above &ldquo;The Adoration,&rdquo; below &ldquo;The Flight into
+Egypt;&rdquo; central light, above &ldquo;The Crucifixion,&rdquo;
+below &ldquo;The Entombment;&rdquo; next light, on south, above
+&ldquo;Women at the Sepulchre;&rdquo; below &ldquo;Feed my
+Lambs;&rdquo; southernmost light, above &ldquo;The
+Ascension,&rdquo; below &ldquo;Pentecost.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the
+upper tracery are &ldquo;Censing Angels&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;Instruments of the Passion.&rdquo;&nbsp; This window cost
+about &pound;280 and is dedicated to the memory of the late
+Vicar, Prebendary W. H. Milner, who was largely instrumental in
+the restoration of the church, in 1861, and died Oct. 3,
+1868.&nbsp; <!-- page 36--><a name="page36"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 36</span>In that restoration the architect was
+the late Mr. Ewan Christian, and the contractors for the work
+Messrs. Lea &amp; Ashton of Retford.&nbsp; The cost of the
+restoration of the chancel was defrayed by J. Banks Stanhope,
+Esq., as Lord of the Manor and Lay Rector, the rest being done by
+subscriptions amounting to about &pound;4,000.</p>
+<p>The present organ was originally designed by Mr. John
+Tunstall, and built by Messrs. Gray &amp; Davidson, of London, at
+a cost of about &pound;400.&nbsp; As re-constructed by Mr.
+Nicholson, of Lincoln, it contains 3 manuals, a fine pedal organ
+with 45 stops, and more than 2,500 pipes.&nbsp; It cost more than
+&pound;2,000, &pound;1,350 of which was contributed by the late
+Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, Horncastle.&nbsp; At
+a later date a trumpet was added, costing &pound;120, the result
+being probably as fine an instrument as any in the county.&nbsp;
+For many years the organist was Mr. William Wakelin, whose
+musical talent was universally acknowledged; on his unfortunate
+sudden death, on March 1st, 1908, he was succeeded by Mr. Hughes,
+recently Assistant Organist of Ely Cathedral.</p>
+<p>Beneath the east window is a handsome carved Reredos of Caen
+stone, somewhat heavy in style, having five panels, two on each
+side containing figures of the four evangelists, the central
+subject being &ldquo;The Agony in the Garden.&rdquo;&nbsp; In
+this the figure of the Saviour is exquisitely designed; below are
+the three sleeping disciples, while above are two ministering
+angels, one holding a crown of thorns, the other the &ldquo;cup
+of bitterness.&rdquo;&nbsp; The panels have richly crocketed
+canopies, the central one being surmounted by a floriated
+cross.&nbsp; They are filled with diaper work, and the supporting
+pilasters are of various-coloured Irish marbles.&nbsp; The whole
+was designed by C. E. Giles, Esq., cousin of the late Vicar,
+Prebendary Robert Giles.</p>
+<p>In the jamb, south of the Communion Table, is a Piscina; in
+the north wall a square aumbrey and a curious iron-barred
+opening, which was probably a Hagioscope for the Chantry
+behind.&nbsp; The present Vestry in the north-east corner is
+modern, built on the site where there was formerly a coalhouse,
+and, at a later date, a shed for the town fire-engine.</p>
+<p>The Chancel has an arcade of three bays on the south side,
+filled with good 14th century carved oak screen work, separating
+it from the south-side chapel, said to have been anciently called
+&ldquo;The Corpus Christi Chapel,&rdquo; and has two bays on the
+north, the easternmost being occupied by the organ, separating it
+from St. Catherine&rsquo;s Chantry; <a name="citation36"></a><a
+href="#footnote36" class="citation">[36]</a> the other having
+similar screen <!-- page 37--><a name="page37"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 37</span>work.&nbsp; In the south wall of the
+chancel are a Priest&rsquo;s door and three four-light
+Perpendicular windows, with a fourth in the east wall.&nbsp;
+Gervase Holles states that he saw in this south-east window
+figures of St. Ninian, with lock and chain, and of Saints
+Crispinus and Crispinianus with their shoe-making tools. <a
+name="citation37a"></a><a href="#footnote37a"
+class="citation">[37a]</a>&nbsp; It is probable, therefore, that
+the old glass of the window was supplied by a shoemaker&rsquo;s
+guild.&nbsp; The window is now filled with good coloured glass by
+Heaton, Butler &amp; Bayne, dedicated to the memory of the late
+Vicar, Rev. Arthur Scrivenor, who died 27 August, 1882, aged 51
+years.&nbsp; It is of peculiar design, the subjects being chosen
+to represent his life of self-denying labour.&nbsp; There are
+four lights with eight subjects taken from St. Matthew&rsquo;s
+Gospel, arranged in two tiers, as follows&mdash;(1) &ldquo;Come
+ye blessed of my Father;&rdquo; (2) &ldquo;I was an hungred and
+ye gave me meat;&rdquo; (3) &ldquo;I was thirsty and ye gave me
+drink;&rdquo; (4) &ldquo;I was a stranger, and ye took me
+in;&rdquo; (5) &ldquo;Naked, and ye clothed me;&rdquo; (6)
+&ldquo;I was sick, and ye visited me;&rdquo; (7) &ldquo;I was in
+prison, and ye came unto me;&rdquo; (8) &ldquo;These shall go
+into life eternal.&rdquo;&nbsp; There are eight compartments in
+the upper tracery, containing the emblems of the four
+evangelists, and two angels, and the Alpha and Omega.</p>
+<p>In the north chancel wall are a Priest&rsquo;s door, two
+five-light windows, and one of three lights, with, at the east
+end, a two-light window, all modern.&nbsp; Here, externally, the
+parapet of St. Catherine&rsquo;s Chantry is embattled and
+enriched with panel work, and rises above the level of the rest
+of the wall.&nbsp; The clerestory of the chancel has six
+three-light windows on the south side, and five on the
+north.&nbsp; The easternmost on the north was inserted and made
+larger than the others in 1861, and, at a later date, was filled
+with good coloured glass by Heaton, Butler &amp; Bayne, as a
+public memorial &ldquo;To the glory of God, and in memory of
+Barnard James Boulton, M.D., who died March 15 1875.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+He was an active member of the restoration committee in
+1861.&nbsp; The subjects are, in the western light, &ldquo;The
+cleansing of the leper&rdquo; in the centre, &ldquo;Letting down
+the paralytic through the roof,&rdquo; in the eastern light,
+&ldquo;The healing of blind Bartim&aelig;us.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In the nave the second window from the west end of the south
+clerestory is a memorial of the late Mr. W Rayson, builder,
+filled with good coloured glass.&nbsp; In the south aisle of the
+nave, the easternmost window is a good specimen of coloured glass
+by Heaton, Butler &amp; Bayne, erected by public subscription in
+January, 1901, &ldquo;To the glory of God, and in grateful
+commemoration of the 18 years&rsquo; ministry of Canon E. F.
+Quarrington,&rdquo; who resigned the Vicarage in 1900.&nbsp; The
+cost of this window was about &pound;80, the subject is
+&ldquo;The Sermon on the Mount.&rdquo;&nbsp; The Saviour is
+represented as addressing the people, grouped around Him, of all
+classes, soldiers, Pharisees, <!-- page 38--><a
+name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 38</span>disciples,
+travellers, young men, women, and children, with the city in the
+background.&nbsp; In the tracery above are angels, with rich ruby
+wings, in attitudes of adoration.</p>
+<p>The window next to this is filled with coloured glass, by
+Clayton &amp; Bell, to the memory of Mrs. Salome Fox.&nbsp; In
+the upper tracery are the Alpha and Omega, with the date of
+erection &ldquo;Anno Dm&rsquo;ni MDCCCXCVII.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the
+central light below is the risen Saviour, seated on a throne,
+holding the emblem of sovereignty, with the inscription over His
+shoulders &ldquo;Because I live ye shall live also.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+In each side light are three angels in adoration.&nbsp; An
+inscription runs across the three lights, &ldquo;I am he that
+liveth and was dead, and, behold, I am alive for
+evermore.&rdquo;&nbsp; Beneath are three square compartments,
+representing (1) three women, (2) three soldiers, (3) the
+apostles SS. John and Peter at the sepulchre, with the
+inscription &ldquo;Who shall roll us away the stone from the door
+of the sepulchre?&rdquo; and again, below all, &ldquo;To the
+glory of God, and in loving memory of Salome Fox, who died June
+26, 1883, aged 65.&rdquo;&nbsp; This cost about &pound;85.</p>
+<p>The window at the west end of this aisle, by Heaton, Butler
+&amp; Bayne, was filled with coloured glass, by the late Mr.
+Henry Boulton, in memory of his first wife, being partly paid for
+by a surplus of &pound;40 remaining from what was collected for
+the chancel east window, and the rest (about &pound;40 more) by
+Mr. Boulton himself.&nbsp; The subject is the Saviour&rsquo;s
+baptism in the Jordan.</p>
+<p>In the north aisle of the nave, the easternmost window was
+erected in 1902, at a cost of &pound;98, from a bequest of the
+late Mr. Charles Dee, as a memorial of his friend the late Mr.
+Robert Clitherow.&nbsp; The subject is &ldquo;The good
+Samaritan,&rdquo; who, in the central light, is relieving the
+wounded wayfarer; while, in the side lights, the Priest and
+Levite are represented as passing him by.&nbsp; In the two upper
+quatrefoils are angels holding scrolls, with the inscriptions (1)
+&ldquo;Let your light so shine before men,&rdquo; (2) &ldquo;That
+they may see your good works.&rdquo;&nbsp; An inscription runs
+across the three lights, &ldquo;Blessed is he that provideth for
+the sick and needy, the Lord shall deliver him in the time of
+trouble;&rdquo; and, below all, &ldquo;To the glory of God, and
+in memory of Robert Clitherow, a truly Christian gentleman, by
+his faithful servant.&rdquo; <a name="citation38"></a><a
+href="#footnote38" class="citation">[38]</a>&nbsp; The artists
+were Messrs. Clayton &amp; Bell.</p>
+<p>The next window to this, also by Messrs. Clayton &amp; Bell,
+is considered the best specimen of coloured glass in the
+church.&nbsp; It was erected by public subscription, largely
+through the exertions of the late Mrs. Terrot, then of Wispington
+Vicarage, near Horncastle, her husband, the Rev. Charles Pratt
+Terrot, a clever artist and learned antiquary, supplying the
+design.&nbsp; It is inscribed &ldquo;To the glory of God, and in
+memory of Frederick Harwood, formerly churchwarden, who died
+March 12, 1874, aged 51 years.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Harwood was an
+indefatigable church worker, and died suddenly, after attending a
+Lent service, when he occupied his usual seat, near this
+window.&nbsp; It is of three lights, the subjects being six, (1)
+the centre light illustrates &ldquo;Charity;&rdquo; a female
+figure above, holding one child in her arms and leading others;
+while below is &ldquo;Joseph in Egypt, receiving his father,
+Jacob.&rdquo;&nbsp; (2) The west light illustrates
+&ldquo;Faith,&rdquo; a female above, holding a cross and bible,
+and below &ldquo;Abraham offering his son Isaac.&rdquo;&nbsp; (3)
+The east light illustrates &ldquo;Hope,&rdquo; a female above,
+leaning upon an anchor, and below &ldquo;Daniel in the den of
+lions.&rdquo;&nbsp; The grouping of the subjects and arrangement
+of the canopies are admirable.</p>
+<p><!-- page 39--><a name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+39</span>The west window in the same aisle contains a handsome
+memorial, by Preedy, of the late Vicar, Prebendary Robert
+Giles.&nbsp; It is of three lights, the subjects being from St.
+Peter&rsquo;s life: (1) the south light shewing &ldquo;The net
+cast into the sea,&rdquo; &ldquo;Depart from me, &amp;c.&rdquo;;
+(2) the central light, Peter&rsquo;s commendation by the Saviour,
+&ldquo;Thou art Peter, &amp;c.&rdquo;; and (3) the north light,
+Peter&rsquo;s release from prison, &ldquo;Arise up quickly,
+&amp;c.&rdquo;&nbsp; The tabernacle and canopy work are
+good.&nbsp; The cost of this was about &pound;140.&nbsp; Mr.
+Giles succeeded Prebendary Milner, as Vicar, and died 12 July,
+1872.</p>
+<p>The two lancet windows in the lower part of the west wall of
+the tower, which were enlarged at the restoration, are filled
+with good coloured glass.&nbsp; They bear no inscriptions but are
+memorials of deceased younger members of the families of the late
+Dr. B. J. Boulton, and of the late Mr. Richard Nicholson.&nbsp;
+The southern one represents &ldquo;The Good Shepherd,&rdquo;
+carrying a lamb in his arms; the northern, &ldquo;Suffer the
+little children to come unto me,&rdquo; shewing the Saviour
+receiving little children into his arms.&nbsp; Within the tower
+is also placed a List of Benefactors of the town; also a frame
+containing the Decalogue, supported by two painted figures,
+life-size, representing Aaron with his censer, and Moses with his
+rod; on one side of this is the Lord&rsquo;s Prayer, on the other
+the Apostles&rsquo; Creed. <a name="citation39a"></a><a
+href="#footnote39a" class="citation">[39a]</a></p>
+<p>The roof of the nave, for some years hidden by a flat
+whitewashed ceiling, is of Spanish chestnut, with finely carved
+figures of angels, which support the intermediate
+principals.&nbsp; In front of the tower arch stands the Font, of
+caen stone, on octagonal base; the bowl has 8 elaborately carved
+panels, in three of which are engraved, on scrolls, the words
+&ldquo;One Lord,&rdquo; &ldquo;One Faith,&rdquo; &ldquo;One
+Baptism.&rdquo; <a name="citation39b"></a><a href="#footnote39b"
+class="citation">[39b]</a>&nbsp; The Pulpit, at the north-east
+corner of the nave, is also of Caen stone, in similar style, with
+four decorated panels, having, beneath the cornice, the
+inscription &ldquo;He that hath my word, let him speak my word
+faithfully;&rdquo; the book-rest is supported by the figure of an
+angel, with outspread wings.&nbsp; The Reading Desk, on the
+opposite side, consists of open tracery work, carved in modern
+oak.&nbsp; The Lectern, an eagle of brass, was presented, in
+1901, by the Misses Walter, in memory of their father, Mr. Joseph
+Walter, for many years church warden. <a
+name="citation39c"></a><a href="#footnote39c"
+class="citation">[39c]</a>&nbsp; The seats in the chancel have
+handsomely carved poppy heads, and are placed east and west,
+instead of, as formerly, north and south, facing west.</p>
+<p>On the south side of the chancel arch, in the west face of the
+wall, is a small stone, bearing the names of &ldquo;Thomas
+Gibson, Vicar.&nbsp; John Hamerton and John Goake, Churchwardens,
+1675.&rdquo;&nbsp; On the south wall of the chancel south chapel
+is also an illuminated sheet of iron bearing the following
+inscription to the same Vicar:&mdash;&ldquo;Sacred to the memory
+of the Rev. Mr. Thos. Gibson, A.M., 44 years Vicar of this
+parish.&nbsp; He lived in such times when Truth to the Church,
+and Loyalty to the King met with punishment due to the worst of
+crimes.&nbsp; He was by the rebellious powers carried away
+prisoner <!-- page 40--><a name="page40"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 40</span>four times from the garrison of
+Newark for a dissenting teacher, afterwards sequestrated, and his
+family driven out, by the Earl of Manchester.&nbsp; He survived
+the Restoration, and was brought back at the head of several
+hundreds of his friends, and made a Prebendary in the Cathedral
+Church of Lincoln.&nbsp; As his enemies never forgave his zeal to
+the Church and Crown, so nothing but the height of Christian
+charity could forgive the insults he met with from them.&nbsp; He
+died April 22, 1678.&rdquo; <a name="citation40a"></a><a
+href="#footnote40a" class="citation">[40a]</a>&nbsp; Above this
+is a shield, containing three storks, proper, on an argent field;
+and with a stork, as crest.</p>
+<p>On the north clerestory wall of the nave are tablets in memory
+of Jane, wife of Thomas Taylor, to the east; in the centre to
+Thomas Taylor, Surgeon, and Margaret his wife, to Mary Anne, wife
+of Thomas Hardy Taylor; and to the west of these, to Anne, wife
+of Erasmus Middleton, to Erasmus Middleton, and to their
+daughter, Grace, wife of James Weir, and to James Weir, who died
+Dec. 15, 1822.&nbsp; On the south clerestory wall, westward, is a
+tablet to the memory of Thomas Bryan, Hannah his wife, and their
+son Edward, all interred at Scrivelsby; another, to the east, is
+in memory of Edward Harrison, M.D., his wife, and his brother,
+erected by his nephew.</p>
+<p>In the north aisle of the chancel is a modern, canvas,
+lozenge-shaped, framed copy of an older memorial, formerly
+painted on the south wall, on which are depicted the arms of Sir
+Ingram Hopton, with this inscription:&mdash;&ldquo;Here lieth the
+worthy and memorable Knight, Sir Ingram Hopton, who paid his debt
+to nature, and duty to his King and country, in the attempt of
+seizing the arch rebel (Cromwell) in the bloody skirmish near
+Winceby, Oct. 6, 1643.&rdquo; <a name="citation40b"></a><a
+href="#footnote40b" class="citation">[40b]</a>&nbsp; The motto is
+Horatian (the first lines from Odes iii., xiv., 14&ndash;16; the
+other two from Odes iv., ix., 29&ndash;30).</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nec
+tumultum,<br />
+Nec mori per vim, metuit, tenente<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; C&aelig;sare terras.<br />
+Paulum sepult&aelig; distat inerti&aelig;,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; Celata virtus.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><!-- page 41--><a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+41</span>Close to this, and above the arch leading into the nave,
+are a number of scythes, some with straight wooden handles,
+attached to the wall, which are said to have been used at the
+Winceby fight. <a name="citation41a"></a><a href="#footnote41a"
+class="citation">[41a]</a></p>
+<p>On the wall of the north aisle, nearest the archway into the
+chancel, on a small slab of Purbeck marble, is a brass of Sir
+Lionel Dymoke, kneeling on a cushion; on either side were
+formerly small shields displaying the arms of Dymoke, Waterton,
+Marmyon, Hebden and Haydon; <a name="citation41b"></a><a
+href="#footnote41b" class="citation">[41b]</a> and on small
+brasses were the figures of two sons and three daughters.&nbsp;
+Parts of these are now lost.&nbsp; The figure of Sir Lionel is in
+the attitude of prayer, from his left elbow issues a scroll with
+the inscription &ldquo;S&rsquo;cta Trinitas, unus Deus, miserere
+nob.&rdquo;&nbsp; Beneath is another inscription, &ldquo;In
+Honore s&rsquo;cte et individue trinitatis.&nbsp; Orate pro
+a&rsquo;i&rsquo;a Leonis Dymoke, milit&rsquo; q&rsquo; obijt xvij
+die me&rsquo;se Augusti, A&deg; D&rsquo;ni M&deg; cccccxix.&nbsp;
+Cuj&rsquo; a&rsquo;i&rsquo;e p&rsquo; piciet, de.&rsquo;&nbsp;
+Amen.&rdquo;&nbsp; Below this monument, in the pavement, is a
+brass, now mutilated, of the same Sir Lionel Dymoke, wrapped in a
+shroud, with two scrolls issuing from the head, the lettering of
+which is now effaced.&nbsp; Beneath is an inscription also now
+obliterated, but which Mr. Weir gives as follows:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p><!-- page 42--><a name="page42"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 42</span>Leonis fossa nunc h&aelig;c Dymoke
+capit ossa.<br />
+Miles erat Regis, cui parce Deus prece Matris,<br />
+Es testis Christe, quod non jacet hic lapis iste,<br />
+Corpus ut ornetur, sed spiritus ut memoretur.<br />
+Hinc tu qui transis, senex, medius, puer, an sis,<br />
+Pro me funde preces, quia sic mihi sit venie spes.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The actual suit of armour worn by this Sir Lionel Dymoke was
+formerly in the church, since in the evidence taken after the
+&ldquo;Lincolnshire Rising,&rdquo; in 1536, it was shewn that
+&ldquo;one Philip Trotter, of Horncastle,&rdquo; took it from the
+church, and himself wore it, while carrying the standard at the
+head of the insurgents (State Papers Domestic, Henry VIII., vol.
+xi, No. 967) <a name="citation42a"></a><a href="#footnote42a"
+class="citation">[42a]</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p43b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+title=
+"Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+src="images/p43s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In the Harleian MS. in the British Museum, among his
+&ldquo;Lincolnshire Church Notes,&rdquo; Gervase Holles (circa
+1640) mentions several other arms and inscriptions, as then
+existing, which are now lost. <a name="citation42b"></a><a
+href="#footnote42b" class="citation">[42b]</a></p>
+<p>In the pavement of the former vestry, in the south chancel
+aisle, is a slab with the inscription running round it,
+&ldquo;Here lyethe the boyddes of Thomas Raithbeck &amp; Arne his
+wyf, ye founders of the Beid hous.&nbsp; Departed thys world, in
+ye fayth of Christ, ye last day of October, in ye yere of our
+Lord, MDLXXV.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the pavement at the east end of the
+south aisle of nave is a slab bearing the names of William
+Hamerton and his wife Elizabeth, and westward of this another
+slab, in memory of &ldquo;Sarah Sellwood, wife of Henry Sellwood,
+Esq., <a name="citation42c"></a><a href="#footnote42c"
+class="citation">[42c]</a> who died Sep 30, 1816, aged 28
+years.&rdquo;&nbsp; The late Poet <!-- page 44--><a
+name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span>Laureate,
+Alfred, afterwards Lord Tennyson, married Mr. Sellwood&rsquo;s
+daughter Emily Sarah, the marriage being solemnised at Shiplake
+after the family had left Horncastle.&nbsp; The Laureate&rsquo;s
+elder brother, Charles Tennyson, married another daughter,
+Louisa, afterwards taking the additional name of Turner.&nbsp; He
+held the vicarage of Grasby near Caistor.</p>
+<p>Other monuments are, on the wall of the south aisle, a tablet
+inscribed &ldquo;To the memory of Elizabeth Kelham, only
+surviving child of Richard Kelham, Rector of Coningsby.&nbsp; She
+was pious, virtuous, and charitable, and died 26 Feb., 1780, aged
+58.&nbsp; Reader, imitate her example.&nbsp; Erected by Robert
+Kelham, her nephew, as a grateful acknowledgment of her regard
+towards him.&rdquo;&nbsp; On the north wall of the chancel is a
+marble tablet in memory of &ldquo;George Heald, Armiger, e
+Consultis Domini Regis, in Curi&acirc; Cancellari&acirc;.&nbsp;
+Obiit 18 May, 1834.&rdquo;&nbsp; Inscriptions below are to his
+wife and daughter.&nbsp; Another tablet, of black marble, records
+the death of Elizabeth, first wife of the Rev. John Fretwell,
+Curate, Dec. 4, 1784, and of his son, Matthew Harold, Sept. 11,
+1786. <a name="citation44a"></a><a href="#footnote44a"
+class="citation">[44a]</a>&nbsp; Another tablet is in memory of
+&ldquo;Clement Madeley, DD., 42 years Vicar, who died
+Good-Friday, 1845, aged 73;&rdquo; also of his wife Martha, who
+died 1807, and of his son Houghton, who died 1838, erected by his
+daughter, M. A. Dymoke, <a name="citation44b"></a><a
+href="#footnote44b" class="citation">[44b]</a> wife of Rev. John
+Dymoke, Champion.</p>
+<p>In a glass covered case in the north aisle of the chancel are
+three volumes of Foxe&rsquo;s <i>Book of Martyrs</i>, 1632
+edition, these were formerly chained to a desk, and parts of the
+chains remain.&nbsp; They were given by Nicolas Shipley,
+gentleman, in 1696, who also presented a brass chandelier of 24
+sockets; he was among the benefactors to the poor of the
+town.&nbsp; The present glass case and desk on which the case
+rests, were given by the late Vicar, the Rev. A. Scrivenor.&nbsp;
+Along with these vols. are &ldquo;The History of the Old and New
+Testaments, gathered out of sacred scripture and writings of the
+fathers, a translation from the work of the Sieur de Royaumont,
+by several hands.&nbsp; London, printed for R. Blome, I. Sprint,
+John Nicholson and John Pero, 1701.&rdquo;&nbsp; There are some
+good old engravings of &ldquo;The Work of Creation,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;The Temptation and Fall of Man,&rdquo; &ldquo;The
+Expulsion from Paradise,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Murder of Abel,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;Ishmael Banished,&rdquo; &amp;c.&nbsp; The first of these
+is dedicated to &ldquo;Her sacred Majesty, Mary, by the grace of
+God, Queen of England, Scotland, France, Ireland, &amp;c., by Her
+Majesty&rsquo;s most obedient servant Richard Blome.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+The next is dedicated to &ldquo;Her sacred Majesty Katherine,
+Queen Dowager of England,&rdquo; by the same; another is
+dedicated to &ldquo;Her Royal Highness Ann, Princess of
+Denmark;&rdquo; and other plates are dedicated to various
+Lincolnshire worthies, some of these are rather damaged, and the
+fine old bible is imperfect.</p>
+<p>Various old documents may here be quoted, which give items of
+interest connected with this church.&nbsp; In <i>Lincolnshire
+Wills</i>, 1st series, edited by Canon A. R. Maddison, F.S.A.,
+1888, is that of James Burton of Horncastle, of date 9 June,
+1536, which mentions the lights burnt in the church at that time
+before different shrines; these were in all 23, of which 7 were
+in honour of the blessed virgin, one was called &ldquo;The light
+of our Lady of Grace,&rdquo; another <!-- page 45--><a
+name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 45</span>&ldquo;Our
+Lady&rsquo;s light at the font.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mention is also made
+of a &ldquo;St. Trunyan&rsquo;s light;&rdquo; this last saint is
+connected with a well at Barton-on-Humber, but nothing further is
+known of him under that name.&nbsp; It has been suggested that it
+is a corruption of St. Ninian (<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>,
+vol. i, 149), and in connection with this it is interesting to
+refer to the fact that Gervase Holles, whose description of
+Horncastle windows we have already quoted, states that there was
+a window to St. Ninian placed in the chancel south aisle, by the
+Guild of Shoemakers.&nbsp; Here, then, it is possible, the
+&ldquo;St. Trunion&rsquo;s&rdquo; or St. Ninian&rsquo;s
+&ldquo;light&rdquo; may have been burned, as the emblem of some
+whilom Horncastrian&rsquo;s faith.</p>
+<p>A Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 19 Richard II., No. 83 (11
+Dec., 1395), shows that Albinus de Enderby and others assigned a
+messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastle, to pay a chaplain to
+say daily masses in the church of the blessed Mary, for the soul
+of Simon de Dowode, and other faithful deceased.&nbsp; Wood
+Enderby was at that time a chapelry attached to Horncastle
+Church.</p>
+<p>The right of sanctuary, enjoyed by felons, who sought refuge
+in a church, was a very ancient institution, dating from Saxon
+times, and only abolished by James I., in 1621, because the great
+number of churches in the country rendered it so easy a matter
+for highwaymen, then very numerous, to avail themselves of the
+privilege, that justice was too often defeated and crime
+encouraged.&nbsp; According to custom, if the offender made
+confession before a coroner, within 40 days, and took the
+prescribed oath at the church door, that he would quit the realm,
+his life was spared.&nbsp; A Close Roll, 13 Henry III., Aug. 22,
+1229, states that the King, at Windsor, commands the Sheriff of
+Lincolnshire (Radulphus filius Reginaldi) to send two coroners to
+see that a robber who keeps himself in the church at Horncastle
+abjures the kingdom, (<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. i,
+p. 49).&nbsp; It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that a
+similar document, of date 16 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1232, only
+three years later, records a similar incident; and the malefactor
+is ordered to &ldquo;make the assize, and abjuration of the
+kingdom, according to the custom of the land and according to the
+liberties granted to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle,&rdquo;
+(<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iv, p. 58).&nbsp; We
+have the explanation of this later instruction in a Memoranda
+Roll of 4 Ed. III., 1330, which states that Henry III. granted,
+by charter dated 16th July, in the 15th year of his reign, to
+Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors, that they should
+claim &ldquo;all chattels of felons and fugitives within their
+manors,&rdquo; the crown giving up all claim to the same in their
+favour; and the case is added of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, whose
+chattels were demanded by the Bishop, and &pound;34 exacted on
+that account &ldquo;from the township of Horncastre.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>It is remarkable that the two cases, above quoted, should have
+occurred at the same date, August 22.&nbsp; An explanation of
+this has been suggested in the fact that an old calendar shows
+that August 22 was a day sacred to St. Zaccheus; and as that
+saint set the example of restoring four-fold what he had
+unlawfully taken, that day may have been selected for the robber
+to surrender his chattels in reparation of his offence.&nbsp; A
+not improbable explanation, however, may be found in the fact
+that the great August fair, established by Royal Charter, closed
+on August 21st, and unruly characters were often left, as dregs
+of such gatherings in the place, murders even being not
+uncommon.&nbsp; By charter of the same king the Bishop of
+Carlisle had power to try felons at Horncastle, and a spot on the
+eastern boundary of the parish is still known as <!-- page
+46--><a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+46</span>&ldquo;Hangman&rsquo;s Corner,&rdquo; where those who
+were capitally convicted in his court were executed.</p>
+<p>We give elsewhere a list of the Incumbents of St.
+Mary&rsquo;s, but we may here refer to probably the most
+distinguished of them all.&nbsp; A Patent Roll, of date 11 June,
+1344 (18 Edward III.), states that Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln
+(N.B.&nbsp; This was Thomas Bec, consecrated July 7, 1342, died
+Feb. 1, 1346, buried in the north transept of the Cathedral),
+&ldquo;by command of the Most Holy Father, Pope Clement VI.,
+reduces the taxation of the church at Horncastle, with the
+chapels of Askeby (West Ashby), Upper Tynton (High Toynton),
+Maring (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and Wod Enderby, to the same church
+annexed, to the sum of 50 marks (&pound;33 6s. 8d.), which were
+previously taxed at the immoderate sum of &pound;77
+sterling.&rdquo;&nbsp; This is stated to be done &ldquo;of the
+sincere love with which we value our very dear clerk, Master
+Simon de Islep, parson of the church aforesaid.&rdquo;&nbsp; This
+is also confirmed to &ldquo;his successors, parsons or rectors,
+of the said church.&nbsp; Witness the King, at
+Westminster.&rdquo;&nbsp; The merits of this worthy, so valued by
+the Holy Father, not long afterwards received further
+recognition, since in 1350, only 6 years later, he was promoted
+to the highest dignity in the land, next to the sovereign
+himself, as Archbishop of Canterbury. <a name="citation46"></a><a
+href="#footnote46" class="citation">[46]</a>&nbsp; An earlier
+Rector, John de Langton, had been made Bishop of Chichester, A.D.
+1305.&nbsp; These are the only incumbents of Horncastle who have
+attained the Episcopal Bench, (<i>Horncastle Register Book</i>,
+edited by Canon J. Clare Hudson, 1892).</p>
+<p>The promotion of the Rector, Simon de Islep, led to more than
+one lawsuit.&nbsp; The Bishop of Carlisle, being at that time
+heavily in debt, as Lord of the manor, to which, as has already
+been stated, the advowson of the church of St. Mary was attached,
+had in January, 1347&ndash;8 granted the manor to Hugh de Bole,
+and others, on their annual payment of &pound;129 19s.
+2&frac12;d, for three years.&nbsp; On the vacancy thus occurring
+the Bishop was summoned to appear at Westminster, before Justice
+John de Stonor, and others, to answer to William Widuking, of
+Saundeby, executor of the will of the said Hugh de Bole, who
+claimed, as tenant of the manor, the right to nominate to the
+vacant benefice.&nbsp; The Bishop resisted this claim, and the
+case was argued before the King&rsquo;s Bench, in Hilary term,
+1350, when the Bishop was defeated, the claim of William Widuking
+being allowed.&nbsp; (County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46.&nbsp;
+Pleas at Westminster, 24 Ed. III., roll 104.)</p>
+<p>Seventeen years later, on the death of John de Kirkby, Bishop
+of Carlisle, who had presented Simon de Islep to Horncastle, the
+temporalities of the bishopric for the time lapsed to the King;
+and Thomas de Appleby, the succeeding Bishop, with John de
+Rouceby, clerk (who afterwards became Rector of Horncastle), were
+summoned to answer to the King, that the King be allowed, through
+the said lapse, to appoint to the vacant Benefice of St.
+Mary.&nbsp; The Bishop and John de Rouceby brought the case
+before the court, but they admitted the justice of the
+King&rsquo;s plea, and judgment was given for the King.&nbsp; (De
+Banco Roll, 41 Ed. III., in. 621.)&nbsp; Apparently, as a
+compromise, the King appointed John de Rouceby.&nbsp; This John
+de Rouceby, while Rector of Horncastle, was murdered on the high
+road to Lincoln in 1388, (<i>Horncastle Register Book</i>, p.
+2).</p>
+<p>We may here observe, that in the above documents, the
+Incumbent of <!-- page 47--><a name="page47"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 47</span>St. Mary&rsquo;s Church is styled
+&ldquo;Parson&rdquo; or &ldquo;Rector,&rdquo; not, as he is at
+the present day, &ldquo;Vicar.&rdquo;&nbsp; On this change of
+status we are able to give the following particulars.&nbsp; Among
+the Bishop &ldquo;Nicholson MSS.,&rdquo; which are in the custody
+of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and consist of extracts from
+the old &ldquo;Bishops&rsquo; Registers,&rdquo; it is stated
+(vol. iv, p. 349) that Bishop Stern of Carlisle, under agreement
+with the Bishop of Lincoln (Dr. Robert Sanderson) in 1660,
+appropriated the Rectorial appurtenances of the Benefice of St.
+Mary to the See of Carlisle.&nbsp; This, however, would seem to
+be only a confirmation, or renewal, of what had been done long
+before, since as far back as 1313, the Bishop of Carlisle
+petitioned the Pope, to allow the church revenues of St. Mary,
+Horncastle, to be appropriated to that See, which had been
+&ldquo;wasted by war and other calamities;&rdquo; the Rector of
+the day only stipulating for a <i>pensio congrua</i> being
+reserved to him for his lifetime.&nbsp; (Carlisle Episcopal
+Registers, xix, p. 181 b).&nbsp; This was repeated about 1334
+(<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 187, a.&nbsp; Quoted <i>Horncastle Register
+Book</i>, p. 2).&nbsp; The title Rector accordingly disappears
+and from about 1400 only that of Vicar is used, the Bishops of
+Carlisle themselves having become the
+&ldquo;Rectors.&rdquo;&nbsp; Early in the 19th century (21 March,
+1803) the Bishop of Carlisle leased the manor, with
+appurtenances, to Sir Joseph Banks, and his representatives are
+now Lay Rectors.</p>
+<p>The appointment of one of the early Rectors is a sample of the
+abuses connected with Papal supremacy in those times.&nbsp; Peter
+de Galicia was nominated Rector in May, 1313, he was a foreigner
+and probably drew his income without ever residing at
+Horncastle.&nbsp; Having influence at the Papal Curia, he
+negociated for the Bishop of Carlisle the transfer of the
+Rectorial appurtenances of Horncastle to that See; only, as has
+been stated, taking care that he had his own <i>pensio
+congrua</i>.&nbsp; Becoming dissatisfied with the benefice he
+ultimately exchanged it for the Rectory of Caldbeck in the
+diocese of Carlisle.&nbsp; These proceedings are given at length
+in Bishop de Kirkby&rsquo;s Register; his Italian name was Piero
+de Galiciano.&nbsp; He was succeeded in 1334 by Robert de
+Bramley, Rector of Caldbeck.&nbsp; (Carlisle Episcopal Registers,
+quoted <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. v, pp.
+244&ndash;5).</p>
+<p>Horncastle was one of the centres of disturbance at the time
+of the &ldquo;Lincolnshire Rising&rdquo; (already referred to) or
+&ldquo;Pilgrimage of Grace,&rdquo; in 1536, and St. Mary&rsquo;s
+Church was the main cause of the local agitation.&nbsp; William
+Leche, brother of the parson of Belchford, was a ringleader in
+the town.&nbsp; The plundering of churches, by the King&rsquo;s
+&ldquo;visitors,&rdquo; for the &ldquo;valor
+ecclesiasticus,&rdquo; on the plea of regulating ceremonial, but
+more really with a view to replenishing the royal coffers, was
+the great grievance with the people.&nbsp; Much evidence on the
+subject is found among State Papers Domestic, vol. xi, 28 Henry
+VIII.&nbsp; One witness, Edward Richardson of Thimbleby, states
+that William Leche, on Tuesday, 2nd Oct., &ldquo;stirred the
+people to rise to save the church jewels from the Bishop&rsquo;s
+officers,&rdquo; who were acting by the King&rsquo;s orders, the
+Bishop being the King&rsquo;s confessor.&nbsp; Robert Sotheby of
+Horncastle, being sworn before Sir Anthony Wyngffeld and Sir
+Arthur Hopton, says that &ldquo;David Benet, a wever, rang the
+comon bell,&rdquo; to rouse the people.&nbsp; The said Robert
+stated that he and William Bywater, being churchwardens, were
+going to see the work of the plumbers, and in the meantime the
+said Davy rang the common bell; and that &ldquo;William Leche was
+the first begynner and sterer of the whole rysinge
+there.&rdquo;&nbsp; The mob marched about with a standard,
+carried by Philip Trotter, clad in the armour of Lionel Dymoke,
+which he had taken <!-- page 48--><a name="page48"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 48</span>from the church of St. Mary.&nbsp;
+The devices on the standard were &ldquo;a plough,&rdquo; to
+encourage the husbandmen; the &ldquo;challice and Host,&rdquo;
+because the church plate and jewellery were to have been taken
+away; the &ldquo;wands&rdquo; were to encourage the people
+&ldquo;to fight in Cristis cause;&rdquo; the &ldquo;horn&rdquo;
+betokening Horncastle.</p>
+<p>About 100 persons marched to Scrivelsby, and threatened to
+drag out Edward Dymoke, the sheriff, and other gentlemen.&nbsp;
+The sheriff, Thomas Dymoke, Robert Dighton, and one Saundon,
+afterwards went into the field, and conversed with Leche, who
+said the Rising was because the Visitors would take the church
+goods.&nbsp; The mob took the old gentleman, Sir William Saundon,
+and &ldquo;harried him forth by the arms towards Horncastell,
+till from hete and weryness he was almost overcum.&rdquo;&nbsp; A
+horse was brought for him by one Salman of Baumbrough, but one of
+the rebels strake the horse on the head, so that both horse and
+rider fell to the ground, and they then said he must &ldquo;go
+afote as they did.&rdquo;&nbsp; He was afterwards confined in the
+&ldquo;Moot Hall,&rdquo; at Horncastle, and &ldquo;they sware
+him, whether he woll, or no.&rdquo;&nbsp; Many witnesses
+testified to the activity of Leche, in going to private houses
+and inducing the men to join, and that the gentlemen only joined
+from fear of violence.&nbsp; Richard Mekylwhite of Horncastle was
+accused by Thomas Lytellbury, that he was &ldquo;a great
+procurer&rdquo; (of men), and was &ldquo;one of the causers of
+George Wolsey&rsquo;s death,&rdquo; (a servant of the late
+Cardinal Wolsey).</p>
+<p>William Leche, with a great company, went to Bolingbroke, to
+take the Bishop&rsquo;s Chancellor, Dr. John Rayne, who was lying
+there, sick; he was brought on horseback to Horncastle amid cries
+of &ldquo;kill him! kill him!&rdquo;&nbsp; He begged Philip
+Trotter to save him, who said he would do what he could; the
+Chancellor gave him xxs., but he in effect did the reverse of
+helping him.&nbsp; On reaching the outskirts of the town,
+&ldquo;many parsons and vicars among&rdquo; the rebels cried
+&ldquo;kill him!&rdquo; whereat William Hutchinson and William
+Balderstone, of Horncastle, &ldquo;pulled him viantly of his
+horse, kneling upon him, and with their staves slew
+him.&rdquo;&nbsp; The Vicar of Thornton gave xvs. to the
+rebels.&nbsp; The Vicar of Horncastle, at that time John
+Haveringham, seems to have avoided being mixed up with this
+movement, as many of his brethren were.&nbsp; The whole affair
+barely lasted a week, and it does not appear that the church
+plate suffered.&nbsp; The King issued a proclamation from
+Richmond, 2 December following, that he pardoned all except the
+wretches in ward at Lincoln, T. Kendal the Vicar of Louth, and
+William Leche of Horncastle.</p>
+<p>For a final notice of old records connected with the church,
+we may mention a matter of less importance, but one which we can
+hardly realise, in these days of religious liberty, when everyone
+is &ldquo;a law unto himself&rdquo; in matters of faith, and even
+largely in practice.&nbsp; The parish book of the adjoining
+Thimbleby, which is in the soke of Horncastle, shews that, as
+late as the year 1820, the parish officials ordered all paupers,
+in receipt of parish relief, to attend the church services, on
+pain of forfeiting the aid granted; and cases are named where the
+payment was stopped until the offender had given
+satisfaction.&nbsp; The State Papers Domestic of 1634 show that,
+at Horncastle, there was a like strictness.&nbsp; Luke Burton of
+this town was fined 1s. for being &ldquo;absent from divine
+service,&rdquo; and again a like sum as &ldquo;absent from
+prayers.&rdquo;&nbsp; Even &ldquo;a stranger, a tobacco
+man,&rdquo; was fined 1s. for the same offence; and 3s. 4d. for
+&ldquo;tippling in time of divine service.&rdquo;&nbsp; John
+Berry, butcher, was fined 1s. &ldquo;for swearing.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+Simon Lawrence, for selling ale contrary to law, was fined 20s.;
+the same &ldquo;for permitting tippling, 20s.;&rdquo; while for
+&ldquo;selling <!-- page 50--><a name="page50"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 50</span>ale without a licence,&rdquo; William
+Grantham and Margaret Wells were &ldquo;punished upon their
+bodies.&rdquo;&nbsp; (State Papers Domestic, vol. 272, No. 23,
+Chas. I.)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p49b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Ancient Scythes in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+title=
+"Ancient Scythes in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church"
+src="images/p49s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>RECTORS AND VICARS.</h3>
+<p>We here give a list of these as compiled by Canon J. Clare
+Hudson, in his 1st volume of the <i>Horncastle Parish Register
+Book</i>, 1892.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>A.D.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="smcap">rectors</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1236&ndash;7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Geoffrey de Leueknor by the Bishop of Carlisle (admitted
+on condition it be found the same church with the churches of
+[Wood] Enderby, and [High] Toynton and another, which Osbert the
+last rector held, be one benefice).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1239&ndash;40</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>(Delegates of the Pope in a dispute between G. parson of
+the church of Horncastre and Francis, parson of the church of
+[West] Askeby, concerning the church of Askeby, decide that
+G[eoffrey] and his successors, are to hold the church of Askeby,
+and pay to Francis annually for life 27 marks sterling, and the
+bishop confirms this ordinance)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1246</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Adam de Kirkby.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>12--</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Ralph Tulgol.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1275</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hugh de Penna (otherwise Hugh de la Penne, Assize Roll, 4
+Ed. I.&nbsp; <i>Lincs.</i> <i>Notes &amp; Queries</i>, iv, p.
+220).</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1295</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John de Langton.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1305</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Gilbert de Haloughton.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1313</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Peter de Galicia.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="smcap">vicars</span>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1334</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robert de Bramley.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>13--</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>William de Hugate.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1349</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Simon de Islep, <i>resigned</i> in 1349, on becoming
+Archbishop of Canterbury.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1357</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>William de Hugate, presented by Gilbert, Bishop of
+Carlisle, on exchange.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1369</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John de Rouceby.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1388</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>William Stryckland.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1401</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Thomas Carleton, Chaplain.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1445</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robert Somercotes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>14--</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John Eston.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1492</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John Ffalconer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1517</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Richard Denham.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1524</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barnard Towneley.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1531</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robert Jamys, Chaplain.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1535</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John Havringham.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>15--</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Arthur Layton.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1538</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Peter Wallensis.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1557</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Henry Henshoo, or Henshaw.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1560</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Clement Monke. <a name="citation50"></a><a
+href="#footnote50" class="citation">[50]</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1584</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Francis Purefey.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1587</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Richard Foster.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1593</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John Jackson.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1595</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robert Hollinhedge.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1634</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Thomas Gibson.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1678</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>John Tomlinson.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1678&ndash;9</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Thomas Loddington.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1724</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>James Fowler.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1779</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Joseph Robertson.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1802</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Clement Madely.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1845</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Thos. James Clarke.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1853</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Wm. Holme Milner.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><!-- page 51--><a name="page51"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 51</span>1868</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robert Giles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1872</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Arthur Scrivenor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1882</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Edwin Fowler Quarrington.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>1900</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Alfred Edgar Moore.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>For some of the earlier details I am indebted to the Rev. W.
+O. Massingberd.</p>
+<p>The Parish Registers of Horncastle are of some interest.&nbsp;
+They date from 1559, the year following the
+&ldquo;Injunction&rdquo; issued by Queen Elizabeth (the 3rd of
+its kind) ordering the regular keeping of such records; similar,
+earlier, though less stringent, orders having been made in 1538,
+1547 and 1552.&nbsp; Besides the records of baptisms, marriages
+and burials, there are occasional notes on peculiar passing
+events, which we may here notice.&nbsp; One of these occurs in
+1627, &ldquo;Upon Monday, beinge the xxviijth day of January was
+a great Tempest of Winde, the like hath not often been in any
+age; like wise upon Friday the 4th of November 1636 in the night
+time there happened a more fearful (wind than) before.</p>
+<p>Mr. Weir, in his <i>History of Horncastle</i>, quotes a note
+(folio 42 b of the Register): &ldquo;On the vth daie of October
+one thousand six hundred and three, in the ffirst yere of oure
+Sov&rsquo;aigne Lord King James was holden in Horncastell Church
+a solemnn fast from eight in the morning until fower a clock in
+the after noone by five preachers, vidz. Mr. Hollinghedge, Vicar
+of Horncastell, Mr. Turner of Edlington, Mr. Downes of Lusbye,
+Mr. Philipe of Solmonbye, Mr. Tanzey of Hagworthingha&rsquo;,
+occasioned by a generall and most feareful plague yt yere in
+sundrie places of this land, but especially upon the Cytie of
+London.&nbsp; p&rsquo;r me Clementem Whitelock.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+(Parish Clerk.)</p>
+<p>We may observe that at this time there perished in London more
+than 30,000 persons; but the great plague, or &ldquo;black
+death,&rdquo; occurred 61 years later (1664&ndash;5), which
+carried off from 70,000 to 100,000 persons.&nbsp; Between these
+periods, and previously, various parishes in our neighbourhood
+suffered from this visitation; for instance at Roughton, which is
+in the soke of Horncastle, there were 43 burials, including those
+of the Rector and two daughters, in the year 1631&ndash;2; while
+in the adjoining parish of Haltham (also in the soke) although
+there was no increase of mortality at that date, there had been
+51 deaths in the year 1584; there being a note in the register
+for that year, &ldquo;This yeare plague in Haltham.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+The turn, however, for Horncastle came in the year 1631, when the
+register shows that between May 3 and Sep. 29, there were no less
+than 176 deaths; in one case 7 in a family (Cocking), 5 in a
+family (Halliday), in other cases 4 (Joanes), and again
+(Hutchinson) 4, (Fawcitts) 4, (Cheesbrooke) 4, &amp;c.&nbsp; In
+August alone there were 86 deaths, and not a single marriage
+through all these months, whereas the following year there were
+only 25 deaths in the whole twelve months.&nbsp; Truly
+Horncastrians were, at that dread time, living with the sword of
+Damocles hanging over them.&nbsp; A note in the margin in this
+year is as follows, &ldquo;Oct. 5th, buryalls since July 23, 144;
+burialls since Easter 182.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>We have already given the history of the Vicar, Rev. Thos.
+Gibson, he is referred to in the two following notes in the
+Register.&nbsp; At the end of folio 81a (1635) we find, after the
+signature of himself and churchwardens, &ldquo;Thomas Gibson,
+Clerk, Master of the free school of Newcastel uppon Tine, one of
+the Chapleins of the Right Reverend Father in God Barnabas, by
+Divine P&rsquo;vidence Lo. Bpp. Carliel, presented by the said
+Lo. Bpp., was inducted into this Vicarage of Horncastel April
+xiiij, 1634.&rdquo;&nbsp; At the end of folio 85a (1639) after
+<!-- page 52--><a name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+52</span>similar signatures is this: &ldquo;The sd Mr. Thomas
+Gibson, being outed of Horncastle by Cromwell&rsquo;s
+Commissioners, removed to Nether Toynton, lived there one yeare,
+after restored againe, taught some Gentlemen sonnes in his owne
+house, was afterward called to ye scole at Newark, where he
+continued one yeare, then was importuned to Sleeford, whether he
+went ye week after Easter 1650, continued there until May ye
+first 1661; then, the King being returned, he returned to his
+Vicaridge, and was by Doctor Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Linkcoln
+made Preban of Saint Mairie Crakepoule in the Church of
+Linkcoln.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>It may be observed that the spelling in those times, the
+entries doubtless being often made by the parish clerk, was
+rather phonetic than orthographic.&nbsp; Many names occur which
+still survive, but here spelt variously, for instance Fawssett
+has been a name well known in Horncastle in modern times in a
+good position, in town and county, here we find it in generation
+after generation as Fawcet, Fawset, Faucitt, &amp;c.&nbsp; The
+name Raithbeck is of continual occurrence, it is now probably
+represented by Raithby.&nbsp; Castledine occurs several times,
+being probably the phonetic form of the modern Cheseltine.&nbsp;
+The present name Chantry appears as Chauntry.&nbsp; Palfreyman,
+or Palfreman, occurs on several occasions, they were of a
+respectable family in the county, William Palfreyman being Mayor
+of Lincoln in 1534; Ralph Palfreyman, clerk, was presented to the
+Benefice of Edlington, by his brother Anthony, merchant of the
+Staple, Lincoln, in 1569.</p>
+<p>In folio 69a (1628) is the entry &ldquo;Tirwhitt Douglas,
+daughter unto Mr. George Tirwhitt, christened Jan.
+8.&rdquo;&nbsp; Her father George Tyrwhitt was a scion of the old
+county family of the Tyrwhitts of Kettleby, Stainfield, &amp;c.,
+by Faith, daughter of Nicholas Cressy of Fulsby, who married
+Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, of another very old
+county family.&nbsp; She was named Douglas, though a female,
+after her kinswoman, Douglas, daughter of William, first Lord
+Howard of Effingham.&nbsp; Her sister married Sir Edward Dymoke
+of Scrivelsby.&nbsp; She herself is mentioned among the
+benefactors to the poor of Horncastle, as leaving a charge of
+10s. on a farm at Belchford, as an annual payment, on her death
+in 1703.</p>
+<p>Another name of frequent occurrence, though now extinct, is
+that of Hamerton.&nbsp; John Hamerton (as already stated) is
+mentioned, with John Goake, on a tablet inserted in the wall on
+the south side of the chancel arch, as being churchwarden in the
+vicariate of Thomas Gibson, in 1675, and throughout the early
+registers successive generations of this family are
+recorded.&nbsp; They may have been humble scions of the
+Hamertons, of Hamerton, Yorkshire, a branch of whom were among
+the landed gentry near the Scottish border; but at Horncastle
+they were engaged in trade.&nbsp; John Hamerton, christened Dec.
+10, 1575, whose probable father, another John Hamerton, was
+buried Sep. 3, 1584, married Feb. 2, 1613, Grace Broxholme, whose
+father John Broxholme is described as &ldquo;Gent&rdquo; in
+1611.&nbsp; Thomas Hamerton in 1603 was a draper, another Thomas
+Hamerton in 1613 was a &ldquo;yoman,&rdquo; John in 1615 was a
+tanner, Thomas in 1606 and 1617 was a tanner, Robert son of
+Thomas in 1619 was a tanner, William in 1620 was a glover.&nbsp;
+In 1630, Thomas, buried Jan. 24, is designated
+&ldquo;Mr.&rdquo;&nbsp; On June 16, 1633, Katherine Hamerton is
+married &ldquo;by Licence&rdquo; to George Colimbell.&nbsp; A
+rise in status is indicated by the two latter entries, and
+accordingly, in the records of the neighbouring parish of
+Edlington we find &ldquo;Geo. Hamerton, gent., and Sarah Hussey
+married July 21, 1699;&rdquo; the Husseys being probably
+connected with <!-- page 53--><a name="page53"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 53</span>the county family, the head of which
+was Lord Hussey of Sleaford.&nbsp; The John Hamerton,
+churchwarden in 1675, was born Jan. 22, 1636, son of John and
+Dorothy Hamerton.&nbsp; The marriage of the parents is not given
+in the register, the father therefore probably married an
+&ldquo;outener,&rdquo; as they are provincially termed.&nbsp; The
+interesting point however in connection with this family is, that
+although they have long ago been extinct, they have left their
+mark behind them still surviving in the town.&nbsp; Near the
+junction of East Street with South Street there still exists at
+the back of the second shop, in the former street (a repository
+for fancy needlework), a room lined with good oak wainscoting,
+with finely carved mantelpiece, over which is an inscription,
+richly carved in relief, with the letters &ldquo;A&deg; Di&rdquo;
+to the left, and to the right the date &ldquo;1573;&rdquo; while
+above, in the centre, are the initials &ldquo;J H&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;M H;&rdquo; separated by a floriated cross and encircled
+by a wreath.&nbsp; This would doubtless be John Hamerton and his
+wife Mary (or Margaret) Hamerton, the original builders of the
+house.&nbsp; Two doors beyond is Hamerton Lane, and the title
+deeds, which the present writer has inspected, show that the
+whole of this block of buildings now forming five shops and two
+private residences, once formed one large dwelling place,
+belonging to the Hamerton of that day, with a frontage in East
+Street of more than 20 yards, and in South Street of 70 or 80
+yards, with extensive back premises and gardens attached.&nbsp;
+The J.H. and M.H., of whom we have here such interesting relics,
+were probably the grandfather and grandmother of the John
+Hamerton of the time of the Commonwealth and Charles II., and the
+extent of the buildings occupied by them show that they were
+wealthy.</p>
+<p>Tanning was at one time the chief trade of the town, there
+being within the writer&rsquo;s recollection several tan yards,
+now no longer existing.&nbsp; The Bain water was said to be
+specially suited for this purpose.&nbsp; We have seen that
+several of the Hamertons were tanners, and they had evidently
+prospered in their calling.</p>
+<p>One more name in the register deserves a brief notice, that of
+Snowden (spelt there Snoden).&nbsp; We have, at various dates,
+from 22 Oct. 1629, onwards, the baptisms of the whole family of
+Mr. Rutland Snowden, and the burials of some of them.&nbsp; The
+Snowdens were originally a Notts. family, of the smaller gentry
+class, but Robert Snowden, third son of Ralph Snowden, of
+Mansfield Woodhouse, became Bishop of Carlisle, and, ex officio,
+Lord of the Manor of Horncastle.&nbsp; The Bishops of Carlisle
+had, as has been already stated, a residence in Horncastle, near
+the present Manor House, and the Bishop&rsquo;s widow, Abigail,
+probably resided there.&nbsp; In her will, dated 15 April, 1651,
+and proved 7 May in the same year, she mentions her sons Rutland
+and Scrope; there was also another son Ralph.&nbsp; Rutland
+married on Xmas day, 1628, Frances, widow of George Townshend,
+Esq., of Halstead Hall, Stixwould, and Lord of the Manor of
+Cranworth, Norfolk, by whom he had a large family.&nbsp; His
+granddaughter, Jane Snowden, married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of
+Scrivelsby; she died childless and founded and endowed the
+village school and almshouses at Hemingby.&nbsp; Another
+granddaughter, Abigail, married Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir
+Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, as shewn by the register there, on
+18 July, 1654, and she thus became ancestress of the Tetford
+branch of the Dymokes, now also of Scrivelsby.</p>
+<p>Rutland Snowden, who graduated B.A. at Christ&rsquo;s College,
+Cambridge, 1617&ndash;8, took his M.A. degree at St. John&rsquo;s
+College, Oxford, 1623, and was admitted a member of Gray&rsquo;s
+Inn in the same year.&nbsp; He was buried at <!-- page 54--><a
+name="page54"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 54</span>Horncastle,
+1654 (<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp.
+14&ndash;16).&nbsp; That was a period of national disturbance,
+and the people of Horncastle, with the Winceby fight of 1643,
+were more or less drawn into the vortex.&nbsp; Abigail Snowden,
+widow of Bishop Robert of Carlisle seems to have been brought
+into much trouble, owing to her son, Rutland, having espoused the
+Royalist cause.&nbsp; Among Exchequer Bills and Answers (Chas.
+I., Lincoln, No. 86) is a petition shewing that Francis, Bishop
+of Carlisle, leased to Rutland Snowden and his assignees, for
+three lives, the manor, lands, parsonage, and other premises at
+Horncastle, on payment of &pound;120.&nbsp; Subsequent
+proceedings would seem to imply that this lease was previously
+granted to the said Abigail herself, as shewn by the following:
+&ldquo;To the Honourable the Commissioners for compounding with
+delinquents.&nbsp; The Humble Petition of Abigail Snowden, widow,
+sheweth that Richard Milborne, late Bishop of Carlisle, did, 22
+Sep., 1623, for valuable consideracions, demise the manor and
+soke of Horncastle (parcel of ye lands of ye Bishopricke) unto
+your petitonr, during the lives of Rutland Snoden, Scroope
+Snoden, and George Snoden, and for the life of the longest of
+them; that the said demise being allowed good unto her by the
+trustees . . . yet hath bene, and is, sequestrated, for the
+delinquensie of the said Rutland Snoden . . . the petitioner
+prayeth . . . that your petitioner may have releife . . . as to
+you shall seem meet.&nbsp; And yr petitioner will praie,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; Abigail Snoden, 24 Nov., 1650.&rdquo;&nbsp; A note
+adds that the matter was &ldquo;Referred to Mr. Brereton, to
+examine and report.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>It was reported on by Peter Brereton, 31 Jan. following
+(Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 58, No.
+515).&nbsp; As this is a fair sample of the treatment by the
+Parliamentary officials of Royalist &ldquo;delinquents&rdquo; and
+their friends, we here give further particulars.</p>
+<p>A similar petition was presented by &ldquo;John Bysse,
+gent.&rdquo; (given in Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series,
+vol. 8, No. 167).&nbsp; Further, Abigail Snowden bequeathed her
+interest in the above lease to Thos. Toking, who was of Bucknall
+and of Ludgate Hill, London.&nbsp; Accordingly, two years later,
+we have another attempt at recovery, as follows: &ldquo;To the
+Honourable Commissioners for compounding with Delinquents.&nbsp;
+The humble petition of Thomas Toking, of Co. Lincoln, gent.,
+sheweth, that a lease was made to him by Abigail Snowden, widow,
+deceased, of the manor, &amp;c., &amp;c., which had been
+sequestered many years, for the delinquency of Rutland Snowden .
+. . and that he (T. Toking) has more to offer, for the clearing
+of his title.&nbsp; He prays therefore for a commission of
+enquiry.&nbsp; 21 Oct., 1652.&rdquo;&nbsp; Reply: &ldquo;not
+sufficient proof.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The said Thos. Toking again petitions, stating, that he is
+willing, to avoid further trouble, to submit to &ldquo;a
+reasonable composition.&rdquo;&nbsp; This is again
+&ldquo;referred to Mr. Brereton,&rdquo; 7 Feb., 1653.&nbsp; On 21
+Sep., 1653, the order was issued that &ldquo;the Petitioner be
+admitted for compounding.&rdquo;&nbsp; Again &ldquo;Referred to
+Mr. Brereton.&rdquo;&nbsp; The result, however, was that Mr.
+Thomas Toking died before obtaining the &ldquo;relief&rdquo;
+petitioned for.</p>
+<p>N.B.&nbsp; Besides the &ldquo;delinquency&rdquo; of having
+&ldquo;adhered to, and assisted, ye forces against the
+Parliament,&rdquo; it was charged against Rutland Snowden that he
+had &ldquo;more wives than one.&rdquo;&nbsp; He &ldquo;rendered
+his estate in fee&rdquo; at Horncastle, in Nov., 1645, for which
+his fine, at one-tenth was &pound;188 (Royalist Composition
+Papers, 1st series, fol. 113).&nbsp; His son, a second Rutland
+Snowden, was among the Benefactors of Horncastle, as he
+bequeathed to the poor of the town, 1682, &ldquo;one house of the
+yearly rent of 26s.,&rdquo; to be &ldquo;paid in bread, 6d. <!--
+page 55--><a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+55</span>every other Sunday;&rdquo; a considerably larger sum at
+that time than now.</p>
+<p>We find the names of Rutland Snoden of Horncastle, and Scrope
+Snoden of Boston, in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry, entitled to
+bear arms, made by the Heralds, at their Visitation in 1634;
+along with other well known names in the neighbourhood, such as
+Dymoke, Heneage, Laugton, Massingberd, Tyrwhitt, &amp;c.
+(<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. i, p. 106).&nbsp; The
+Snowden arms are said, in Yorke&rsquo;s <i>Union of Honour</i>,
+to have been &ldquo;Azure a lion rampant, or.&rdquo; (<i>Lincs.
+Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iv, p. 16).</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p55b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Old Vicarage"
+title=
+"The Old Vicarage"
+src="images/p55s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Vicarage of St. Mary&rsquo;s Church formerly stood at the
+north-east corner of the churchyard, forming part of a block of
+small houses.&nbsp; It was a poor residence, but occupied until
+his death in 1845, by the Vicar, Clement Madely, DD.&nbsp; The
+whole block was, about that time, taken down, the space being,
+later on, covered with the present substantial buildings.&nbsp;
+His successor, Rev. T. J. Clarke, rented a good house in South
+Street, now occupied by Mrs. Howland.&nbsp; Mr. Clarke was
+succeeded by the Rev. W. Holme Milner, in 1853, and he built the
+present vicarage.</p>
+<p>St. Mary&rsquo;s Churchyard was closed, for burials, in 1848,
+when the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated.</p>
+<p>We here give a list of the Church Plate, which is more than
+usually valuable.</p>
+<p>1.&nbsp; Paten, silver, 15 oz. 2 dwt., given by Mrs. Hussey,
+1718. &#9788;</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; Paten lid, silver, 2 oz. 2 dwt., old, no date.</p>
+<p>3.&nbsp; Paten, pewter, no date.</p>
+<p>4.&nbsp; Chalice, silver gilt, 7 oz., old, no date.</p>
+<p>5.&nbsp; Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 4 dwt.&nbsp; In
+memoriam, J.H., 1879.</p>
+<p>6.&nbsp; Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 2 dwt. *</p>
+<p>7.&nbsp; Flagon, silver, 59 oz., given by Susannah Lascells,
+1741.</p>
+<p>8.&nbsp; Flagon, silver, 58 oz. 2 dwt., given by Susannah
+Lascelles, widow, Christmas, 1743. &#9788;</p>
+<p><!-- page 56--><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+56</span>9.&nbsp; Alms basin, silver, 6 oz. 6 dwt., given by
+Thomas Hargreaves, Esq., 1735.&nbsp; T.M.H. on handle.</p>
+<p>10.&nbsp; Alms Basin, silver, 7 oz. 6 dwt., given by Clement
+Madely, vicar, 1835.</p>
+<p>11.&nbsp; Paten, silver gilt, 13 oz.&nbsp; In Memoriam,
+J.H.&nbsp; 1879.</p>
+<p>12.&nbsp; Paten, silver. 4 oz. 2 dwt., no date. &#9788;</p>
+<p>13.&nbsp; Cruet with silver stopper, H.T.C.&nbsp; 1872.</p>
+<p>Those marked with asterisk are used at Holy Trinity
+Church.</p>
+<p>We cannot here omit our tribute to the energy, liberality, and
+taste of the various parties connected with the restoration of
+St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, begun in 1859, and happily completed in
+April, 1861.&nbsp; With a persevering vicar, in Prebendary W. H.
+Milner, undaunted by difficulties, to head the movement; a
+working committee, no less resolute, to support him (among whom
+figured foremost the late Dr. J. B. Boulton and Mr. F. Harwood);
+with an architect of cultivated taste and wide experience, in Mr.
+Ewan Christian; and with the able contractors, Messrs. Lee &amp;
+Ashton, to carry out his designs; and with a body of subscribers,
+headed by the Lord of the Manor, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., all
+doing their best; the work was bound to be a marked success, of
+which all might be proud.&nbsp; St Mary&rsquo;s now probably
+approaches nearer to its original conception (if it does not,
+indeed, surpass it) than it has ever done in recent times.&nbsp;
+Erected, as it first was, in an age marked by &ldquo;zeal&rdquo;
+for church construction, even if sometimes &ldquo;without
+knowledge;&rdquo; stimulated, perhaps in an unwholesome degree,
+by the prevalent superstition and mariolatry, we yet feel bound,
+considering the noble structures which those builders have
+transmitted to us, (as Prior the poet says) to be &ldquo;To their
+virtues very kind, and to their faults a little
+blind.&rdquo;&nbsp; But, as to the restoration in the present
+instance, few, save the older ones among us, who remember the
+condition into which the fabric had lapsed, can realise the great
+changes which were effected, or the advantages secured to present
+worshippers.&nbsp; The space formerly wasted by a western
+vestibule, with its boarded partition, and baize-covered doors,
+leading into nave and aisles, reducing by several feet the length
+of sitting space; the basement of the tower shut off, and
+occupied only by the bell ringers, who are now removed to the
+chamber above; the chancel aisles unused for seats and partially
+blocked up; the high square pews, rising in tiers westwards,
+roomy enough for undisturbed slumber; above all, the heavy
+galleries, with pews, made by faculty private property; all these
+arrangements so curtailed the accommodation, that the
+congregation, at its best, could be little more than half what it
+has been in recent years; while the <i>tout ensemble</i>, not
+omitting the flat whitewashed ceiling, put up, it has been said,
+by a kind lady, because the vicar, sensitive to cold, felt the
+draughts through the fine wooden roof thus hidden above, had an
+effect the very opposite of stimulating devotion, bad alike for
+minister and people.&nbsp; Under the restored condition, with
+sixty additional seats provided in the tower, the south chancel
+aisle also seated, and every available space utilized, there is
+now ample accommodation for some 800 worshippers, and on special
+occasions more than 1,200 have been seated (the late Mr. W. Pacy
+counted about 1,250 passing out at the evening service at the
+re-opening in April, 1861); while the services, and the
+surroundings, are alike calculated to inspire feelings of
+reverence, with hearty earnestness of worship; this is the result
+mainly due to the &ldquo;decency and order&rdquo; effected
+through the care and self-denying efforts of the restorers, for
+which all should be grateful.</p>
+<p>We should here add that in the year 1892, it being found that
+decay had occurred in the walls and other parts of the church,
+about &pound;150 was raised by subscription, and once more the
+fabric was put into a complete state of repair.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 57--><a name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+57</span>CHAPTER IV.<br />
+THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY</h2>
+<p>Was built in the years 1847 and 1848, as a Chapel of Ease to
+St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, in the vicariate of the Rev. T. J.
+Clarke, at a cost of about &pound;2,500; &pound;500 having been
+bequeathed towards that purpose by his predecessor, Dr. Clement
+Madely, and the rest being raised by public subscriptions.&nbsp;
+The foundation stone was laid April 6, in the former year, by Sir
+Henry Dymoke, Bart., the Queen&rsquo;s Champion.&nbsp; The roof
+of the nave was reared Oct. 12, and the cross on the east end of
+the chancel erected Nov. 25, in the same year.&nbsp; The church
+and churchyard were consecrated by Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln,
+April 27, 1848; his Lordship preaching at the opening service in
+the morning, and Dr. Percy, Bishop of Carlisle (as Patron <a
+name="citation57a"></a><a href="#footnote57a"
+class="citation">[57a]</a> of the Benefice) in the
+afternoon.&nbsp; The architect was Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston
+(author of <i>Churches of the Division of Holland</i>, 1843,
+&amp;c) Mr. Hind, of Sleaford, being the contractor for the
+work.</p>
+<p>It was a condition of Dr. Madely&rsquo;s bequest that the
+church should be commenced within two years of his death, which
+occurred on Good Friday, March 21, 1845.&nbsp; This fortunately
+was just (but only just) effected <a name="citation57b"></a><a
+href="#footnote57b" class="citation">[57b]</a> in time to secure
+the bequest.</p>
+<p>When the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated that of
+St. Mary&rsquo;s was closed, with the exception of some private
+vaults; both these burial grounds being closed in 1888, when the
+public cemetery was opened; the <!-- page 58--><a
+name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>church part
+of which was consecrated on Nov. 7th, in that year, by the Bishop
+of Lincoln, Dr. King.</p>
+<p>The church is in the Early English style, consisting of nave,
+chancel, north and south aisles, north porch, high open belfry
+with one bell, and has sittings for 400 persons.&nbsp; The
+materials of the structure are white brick, with dressings of
+Ancaster stone.&nbsp; It was considerably improved in 1887, and,
+more recently, in 1895.</p>
+<p>The windows in the north and south aisles are plain small
+lancets, in pairs; 5 pairs on the south side, and 4 pairs, with
+porch door, on the north.&nbsp; The north and south arcades have
+5 bays, with narrow perpendicular arches, except the easternmost,
+on both sides, which are wider, with a view to future transepts;
+the octagonal columns of brick have nicely carved stone
+capitals.&nbsp; The clerestory windows above, 5 on each side, are
+alternately quatrefoils and inverted triangles.&nbsp; The roof is
+of a very high pitch, slated externally, and internally of deeply
+stained deal.&nbsp; The principals of the chancel roof are
+ornamented with deeply cut dog-tooth pattern.&nbsp; The choir is
+rather narrow, and without aisles.&nbsp; At the east end of the
+north aisle is the vestry, the doorway leading to it having a
+richly carved arch, supported by twin pilasters, with carved
+capitals; the porch doorway has also a richly carved arch, with
+dog-tooth moulding, and clusters of pillars below.</p>
+<p>The east window in the chancel is of 3 lights, and is an
+enlarged copy of the beautiful Early English east window of
+Kirkstead Abbey Chapel; with triple columns between, and, on
+either side of the lights, having richly carved capitals; the
+wall space above being also elaborately carved with floriated
+pattern.&nbsp; It was fitted with coloured glass, by an anonymous
+donor, in memory of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, in whose vicariate, as
+has been stated, the church was built.&nbsp; The subjects are,
+running across and in the centre, the Nativity, the Crucifixion,
+and Transfiguration; above being the Resurrection, and Christ
+sitting in glory; and in the lower row, our Lord as the Good
+Shepherd, the Man of sorrows and the Light of the world.</p>
+<p>In the chancel walls, north and south, are triple windows in
+the same style, but with plain columns and white glass.&nbsp;
+Below the east window is a stone Reredos, having four panels with
+decorated arches on each side, north and south; with a central
+canopy of 3 compartments, nicely carved, and plain cross in the
+centre.&nbsp; This was carved and designed by Messrs. F. Bell
+&amp; Son, of Horncastle.&nbsp; The Reredos was due to a movement
+originating with the Girls&rsquo; Club, then under the management
+of Miss Agnes Armstrong; assisted by contributions from members
+of the choir, a considerable sum of money being raised by them,
+for altar frontals and other fittings in the chancel.&nbsp;
+These, and other additions, were dedicated by the late vicar,
+Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, on All Saints&rsquo; day, Nov. 1,
+1895.</p>
+<p>The Organ, on the north side of the choir, is a good
+instrument.&nbsp; In the early days of the church an old organ
+was transferred from St. Mary&rsquo;s Church and placed at the
+west end, but this was sold in 1869, and for some years a
+harmonium was used in the choir.&nbsp; The present instrument was
+the work of Messrs. Foster &amp; Andrews, of Hull, and has one
+manual, with pedals.</p>
+<p>The Pulpit, on the south of the lofty chancel arch, is of
+stone, having 5 panels with dog-tooth borders, illuminated in
+gold and various colours; and having, within central circles,
+figures of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the fifth having the
+cross with the inscription &ldquo;Feed my sheep.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+Reading Desk, on the north, is part of the chancel sedilia; this,
+with the Lectern, <!-- page 59--><a name="page59"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 59</span>slightly carved, in front of it, and
+all the sittings, are of pitch pine, stained.</p>
+<p>At the west end of the south aisle is a plain lancet window of
+one light.&nbsp; The window corresponding to this, in the north
+aisle, has good coloured glass, in memory of the late Hugh
+George, M.D., who died in 1895.&nbsp; It has two subjects (1) The
+healing of the lame man by SS. Peter and John, at the beautiful
+gate of the temple, and (2) Luke, the beloved physician,
+ministering to St. Paul, in prison at Rome.</p>
+<p>The west window is of two lights, narrow lancets with circular
+window above, having quatrefoil tracery.&nbsp; These are filled
+with coloured glass, given by the late Miss Lucy Babington of The
+Rookery, Horncastle, in memory of her parents, brothers and
+sister.&nbsp; The subject in the upper &ldquo;Rose&rdquo; window
+is the Holy Dove descending; those in the window below are (1)
+our Lord&rsquo;s Baptism, (2) His commission to the disciples,
+&ldquo;Go ye, and baptize all nations;&rdquo; (3) The baptism of
+a Jew (St. Paul), and (4) The baptism of a Gentile (Cornelius).
+<a name="citation59"></a><a href="#footnote59"
+class="citation">[59]</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p59b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Holy Trinity Church"
+title=
+"Holy Trinity Church"
+src="images/p59s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Below this window, and in keeping with the subjects above,
+stands the Font, on a plain octagonal base.&nbsp; The bowl is
+circular and larger than that in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church.&nbsp;
+It is supported by 8 carved pilasters at the angles, with a
+central one; rising from these are narrow arches with dog-tooth
+moulding.</p>
+<p>In the eastern part of the churchyard lie the remains of four
+successive vicars of Horncastle, and the wife of a fifth.&nbsp; A
+coffin-shaped stone, adorned with a full-length floriated cross,
+has this inscription: &ldquo;Thomas James Clarke, M.A., Vicar of
+Horncastle, died 14th May, 1853.&nbsp; Is any among you
+afflicted, let him pray.&rdquo;&nbsp; This stone was put down by
+the Rev. Edmund Huff, <!-- page 60--><a name="page60"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 60</span>who was curate at the time of Mr.
+Clarke&rsquo;s death, and afterwards Rector of Little Cawthorpe
+near Louth.</p>
+<p>An upright stone, the head forming an inverted overhanging
+arch, ornamented with dog-tooth pattern (copied from a panel in
+the church pulpit), has the inscription: &ldquo;W. H. Milner,
+Vicar of Horncastle, died October 3rd, 1868, aged
+64.&rdquo;&nbsp; Within the arch is a Calvary Cross, on the steps
+of which are these words &ldquo;He that believeth in Me hath
+everlasting life.&rdquo;&nbsp; On the base of the stone is a
+quotation from the Burial Service, &ldquo;Blessed are the dead,
+which die in the Lord, &amp;c.&rdquo;&nbsp; Near this a massive
+decorated cross bears the inscription: &ldquo;Robert Giles, Vicar
+of Horncastle, died July 12th, 1872.&nbsp; Jesu,
+Mercy.&rdquo;&nbsp; This is an exact reproduction of a granite
+cross in Willoughby churchyard, erected to the memory of the late
+Archdeacon Giles, the vicar&rsquo;s brother.</p>
+<p>A grass grave, surrounded by a kerb, has resting upon it a
+full-length plain Latin cross, along the arms of which is
+inscribed &ldquo;Jesu Mercy.&rdquo;&nbsp; Surrounding the kerb is
+the inscription &ldquo;Arthur Scrivenor, M.A., Vicar of
+Horncastle, born January 13th, 1831, died August 27th,
+1882.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Never resting, never tiring, in the
+endless work of God;&rdquo; the latter words being a quotation
+from Dr. Mansel&rsquo;s <i>Life of Bishop Wilberforce of Oxford
+and Winchester</i>.</p>
+<p>Very near the last tomb is the grave of the wife of the late
+Vicar of Horncastle, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, now Rector of
+Welby, near Grantham; the plain slab bears the inscription
+&ldquo;At rest, Nov. 25, 1888.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The following biographical notes may not be without
+interest.&nbsp; The Rev. T. J. Clarke was a remarkable man; born
+in this neighbourhood, in a humble rank of life (his widowed
+mother occupying a cottage in Woodhall, where, to his honour, he
+frequently visited her, and supported her, during his vicariate),
+he was apprenticed as a boy to a tradesman in Leeds.&nbsp; A lady
+upon whom he attended, as she made purchases in the shop, noticed
+his intelligence; the result being that she sent him, at her own
+expense, to be educated at a good school, and, in due time,
+assisted him to enter at St. John&rsquo;s College, Cambridge,
+where he took Double Honours, and obtained a Fellowship.&nbsp; He
+was afterwards appointed to the Vicarage of Penrith, Cumberland,
+thus coming under the notice of the Bishop of Carlisle, who, as
+Patron, presented him to the Vicarage of Horncastle, on the death
+of Dr. Madely in 1845.&nbsp; With Mr. Clarke&rsquo;s arrival in
+Horncastle it was felt that a new era in church life had
+begun.&nbsp; He threw himself with characteristic energy into
+every kind of work, and at one time had 3 curates.&nbsp; To him
+was due the erection of Holy Trinity Church, and a great
+multiplication of Church services.&nbsp; The old vicarage, a poor
+house close to St. Mary&rsquo;s churchyard, was pulled down, and
+he rented the house in South Street, with extensive gardens,
+which afterwards became the residence of Major Armstrong and now
+occupied by Mrs. Howland.&nbsp; Notwithstanding his heavy
+parochial work Mr. Clarke (as the present writer can testify)
+kept up his classical and mathematical studies.&nbsp; He was also
+devoted to music, and a very skilful performer on the
+flute.&nbsp; Although these were relaxations from his more
+serious parochial labours, the amount of mental work involved
+eventually told upon his health, and in the 8th year of his
+vicariate it became perceptible, even in his pulpit utterances,
+that his mind was affected.&nbsp; He had married a Cumberland
+lady, but all her care and attention was unavailing; he gradually
+collapsed into a condition of melancholy, scarcely roused by
+anything except the music of his piano. <a
+name="citation60"></a><a href="#footnote60"
+class="citation">[60]</a>&nbsp; The end <!-- page 61--><a
+name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 61</span>inevitable
+was seen to be approaching, but unfortunately Mr. Clarke by his
+own act anticipated it.&nbsp; Being accidently left alone for a
+few moments he took a pistol, which he had concealed in a drawer,
+walked out into the garden and shot himself, the overwrought
+brain rendering him no longer accountable for his actions.</p>
+<p>Of his successor, the Rev. Prebendary W. H. Milner, who, like
+Mr. Clarke, had held preferment in the diocese of Carlisle, we
+have only to say that he was an able man of business, carried on
+the work of the church with great energy, and introduced many
+reforms.&nbsp; He built the present vicarage.&nbsp; He was the
+last vicar nominated by the Bishop of Carlisle.&nbsp; Of the next
+two vicars it may be said that their tenure of office was all too
+short, hard faithful labour cutting off the Rev. Robert Giles (as
+we have before stated) in 1872, after a vicariate of only 4
+years; while the Rev. Arthur Scrivenor died, after 10 years work
+in the parish, in his 51st year, in 1882.&nbsp; Canon E. Fowler
+Quarrington succeeded him, and held the vicarage during 18 years,
+when he was transferred, in 1900, to the Rectory of Welby, near
+Grantham.&nbsp; The Rev. Prebendary Alfred Edgar Moore, formerly
+Vicar of Messingham, near Brigg, began his vicariate in 1900,
+being inducted into the benefice on August 24, in that year.</p>
+<p>Horncastle, we may here add, has been well served by its
+Curates.&nbsp; &ldquo;Comparisons are (proverbially)
+odious,&rdquo; we will not therefore refer to any of these in
+recent years; but we may take three typical cases of men whose
+memory is still green and redolent of good work.</p>
+<p>In the latter years of the amiable vicar, Dr. Madely, he
+needed an active assistant, and such was the Rev. William
+Spranger White, of Trinity College, Cambridge, a member of a
+family of position, the head of which was his uncle, Sir Thomas
+Wollaston White, of Wallingwells Park, Worksop, High Sheriff
+1839, and formerly of the 10th Hussars.&nbsp; Mr. White possessed
+independent means and was very generous.&nbsp; He was of a most
+sympathetic nature, and became greatly beloved by all
+classes.&nbsp; He worked hard in the parish from his ordination
+in 1833 to 1849. <a name="citation61"></a><a href="#footnote61"
+class="citation">[61]</a>&nbsp; In that year he was selected by
+the Marchioness of Lothian, to take charge of an Episcopalian
+Church, which her Ladyship built and endowed at Jedburgh,
+Roxburghshire.&nbsp; The church was opened with an octave of
+services, which were attended by the great Doctor Hook of Leeds,
+who had recommended Mr. White to her Ladyship.&nbsp; The father
+of the present writer, and many leading clergymen from this
+neighbourhood, and various parts of England and Scotland,
+attended the opening services.&nbsp; Mr. White remained there for
+some years, and married the eldest daughter of Lord Chancellor
+Campbell, who resided at Hartrigg House, near Jedburgh.&nbsp;
+This <!-- page 62--><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+62</span>marriage led to his subsequent return to England, being
+appointed by the Lord Chancellor to the Rectory of St. Just, near
+Land&rsquo;s End, Cornwall; at a later date promoted to the
+Vicarage of Chaddesley Corbett, near Kidderminster,
+Worcestershire; and finally in 1859 to the Rectory of
+Potterhanworth, near Lincoln, of which cathedral he was made an
+Honorary Canon, in recognition of his generous gifts towards
+cathedral improvements.&nbsp; Here he did excellent work until
+his death in 1893. <a name="citation62"></a><a href="#footnote62"
+class="citation">[62]</a></p>
+<p>We next take two of the well chosen curates of the Vicar, T.
+J. Clarke, who were contemporaries at Horncastle; Charles
+Dashwood Goldie of St. John&rsquo;s College, Cambridge, where he
+took Mathematical Honours in 1847, was ordained as Curate of
+Horncastle in 1848.&nbsp; An able preacher and indefatigable
+worker in the parish, he at once made his mark, not only in the
+town, but in the neighbourhood; he and his beautiful wife being
+welcome guests in many a rectory and vicarage.&nbsp; He was also
+a man of good social position and private means, and occupied a
+good house with large garden on the north side of West Street
+(then called Far Street), belonging to the late Mrs. Conington,
+within some 120 yards of the railway station, now occupied by Mr.
+Sills, and named &ldquo;The Chestnuts.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Goldie
+being curate at the time when Holy Trinity Church was built
+presented the carved oak chairs within the communion rails.&nbsp;
+After leaving Horncastle he was appointed to the vicarage of St.
+Ives, in the diocese of Ely.&nbsp; The Goldies were an old Manx
+family; Col. Goldie, his brother, of the Scotts Guards Regiment,
+being President of the House of Keys, the local parliament.&nbsp;
+Their residence in that island is &ldquo;The Nunnery,&rdquo; near
+the town of Douglas, so called from the ruin close at hand of an
+ancient priory, said to have been founded by St. Bridget in the
+sixth century.&nbsp; Mr. Goldies&rsquo; nephew is the present Sir
+George Dashwood Tanbman Goldie, Privy Councillor, K.C.M.G.,
+F.R.G.S., &amp;c, formerly of the Royal Engineers, but latterly
+holding various Government appointments, director of several
+expeditions in West Africa, having travelled in Egypt, the
+Soudan, Algiers, Morocco, &amp;c., and attended the Berlin
+Conference in 1884, as an expert on questions connected with the
+Niger country, where he founded the Royal Chartered Company of
+Nigeria.&nbsp; His latest honour (1905) is the Presidency of the
+Royal Geographical Society, in succession to Sir Clements P.
+Markham, K.C.B., &amp;c.</p>
+<p>The Rev. Thomas Castle Southey (a relative of the poet) was
+Fellow of Queen&rsquo;s College, Oxford, where he took Classical
+and Mathematical Honours in 1847.&nbsp; He was ordained in the
+same year, and held the curacy of Horncastle from that year till
+1849.&nbsp; He was an able and scholarly preacher and persevering
+worker in the parish.&nbsp; On leaving Horncastle he became
+Incumbent of the Episcopal Church at Montrose, N.B., which he
+held for six years, when he became Assistant Curate of St.
+Paul&rsquo;s Church, Brighton, under the Rev. Arthur Wagner; then
+Curate of the church of St. Thomas the Martyr at Oxford; then
+Vicar of Wendron, Cornwall, and afterwards of Newbold Pacey, near
+Leamington, in 1868.&nbsp; After leaving Horncastle he was
+invited by the Governors, as an able scholar, to examine the
+Horncastle Grammar School, then a considerably larger school than
+it has been in later years, with a large number of day boys, and
+also boarders from London, many distant parts of the country, and
+even from Jersey and the continent.</p>
+<p><!-- page 63--><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+63</span>As this is the last chapter in which we shall deal with
+church matters, we may here say that a Clerical Club, with
+valuable library and news room, was established in the town in
+the year 1823.&nbsp; At that time there was a numerous community
+of country clergymen living in the town; a dozen, or more,
+villages in the neighbourhood having no official residence in
+their parishes; thus a Clerical Club became a convenient
+institution for social intercourse, and valuable papers were
+often read at their meetings.&nbsp; This ceased to exist at the
+close of the 19th century, when the books were transferred to the
+Diocesan Library at Lincoln.&nbsp; In order to enable these
+country incumbents to maintain a town residence, they, in several
+cases, held a plurality of benefices, which would hardly be
+allowed in the present day.&nbsp; Even the Vicar of Horncastle,
+Dr. Madely, also held the Vicarage of Stickford, distant more
+than a dozen miles; another clergyman was Rector of Martin, Vicar
+of Baumber, and Rector of Sotby, several miles apart; while a
+third held the Perpetual Curacy of Wood Enderby, 4 or 5 miles to
+the south-east of the town, with the Curacy of Wilksby adjoining,
+and the Chapelry of Kirkstead, 5 or 6 miles to the west.&nbsp;
+Further, to eke out the family income, his daughter found
+employment of a somewhat novel kind in the service of the late
+Queen Victoria.&nbsp; Being in figure the exact size of the
+Queen, her Majesty&rsquo;s dresses were all tried on this lady by
+the royal dressmaker; and, as a portion of her remuneration, the
+cast-off clothing of the Queen became her perquisite.&nbsp; On
+the occasion of the wedding of one of her friends at Horncastle,
+the bride and her bridesmaids were all attired in Queen&rsquo;s
+dresses.</p>
+<p>In connection with the church is the &ldquo;Young
+Churchmen&rsquo;s Union,&rdquo; of which the Vicar is
+President.&nbsp; They have fortnightly meetings, in the
+Boys&rsquo; National School, at 8.15 p.m.&nbsp; There is also a
+Church Lads&rsquo; Brigade, No. 1951, attached to the 1st
+Battalion, Lincoln Regiment, B 51.&nbsp; This was enrolled Oct.
+1st, 1901.&nbsp; The members are youths between the ages of 13
+and 19; the present Lieutenant being H. W. Sharpe; Chaplain, the
+Vicar; Assistant Chaplain and Correspondent, the Senior
+Curate.&nbsp; Entrance fee 1/6, subscription 1d. per week.</p>
+<p>The Church National Schools are good substantial buildings,
+erected at various periods, the Girls&rsquo; School in 1812, the
+Infants&rsquo; in 1860, and the Boys&rsquo; (at a cost of
+&pound;1,000) in 1872; the total accommodation is for 300
+children, the average attendance being about 250.&nbsp; The
+schools were taken over by the Lindsey County Council, on April
+1st, 1903.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 64--><a name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+64</span>CHAPTER V.<br />
+NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.</h2>
+<p>There are in Horncastle five Nonconformist religious
+communities, the Wesleyan, Congregational, Primitive Methodist,
+Baptist, and New Church or Swedenborgian, each now having
+substantially built chapels, resident ministers, with Sunday,
+and, in one case, Day Schools. Through the courtesy of the Rev.
+John Percy, late Head Minister of the Wesleyan Society, we are
+enabled to give a fairly full account of its origin and growth,
+down to the present 20th century.&nbsp; As this is the most
+important religious body in the town, next to the Church of
+England, although it is not the oldest, we take the Wesleyans
+first.&nbsp; As will be seen in the following account, this
+Society arose from a very small beginning, but at the present
+time, with perhaps the exception of the Baptists, it is the most
+numerous and influential body among Nonconformists.&nbsp;
+Although, locally, rather fewer in numbers in recent years, than
+formerly, it is generally growing, and in the year 1904, as
+published statistics show, it acquired in the United Kingdom an
+addition of 10,705 full members, with 11,874 members on trial,
+and junior members 4,367; a total increase of 26,946.</p>
+<h3>THE WESLEYANS.</h3>
+<p>The founder of this Society was, as its name implies, John
+Wesley, probably of the same stock as the great Duke of
+Wellington, whose family name was variously written Wellesley, or
+Wesley. <a name="citation64"></a><a href="#footnote64"
+class="citation">[64]</a>&nbsp; We take the immediately following
+particulars mainly from the <i>History of England</i>, by Henry
+Walter, B.D. and F.R.S., Fellow of St. John&rsquo;s College,
+Cambridge, Professor in the <!-- page 65--><a
+name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 65</span>East India
+College, Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland,
+&amp;c., &amp;c., himself a Lincolnshire man.</p>
+<p>John and Charles Wesley were the second and third sons of
+Samuel Wesley, Rector of Epworth, near Gainsborough; <a
+name="citation65"></a><a href="#footnote65"
+class="citation">[65]</a> John being born in 1703 (June 17), and
+Charles in 1708 (Dec. 18).&nbsp; John was educated at the
+Charterhouse, and Charles at Westminster School.&nbsp; In due
+course they both entered at Oxford University; John eventually
+being elected to a Fellowship at Lincoln College, and Charles to
+a Studentship at Christchurch.&nbsp; In 1725 John was ordained
+deacon of the Church of England.&nbsp; He left Oxford for a time
+to act as his father&rsquo;s curate, Charles remained as Tutor to
+his college.&nbsp; He, with some of his undergraduate pupils,
+formed a custom of meeting on certain evenings every week for
+scripture study and devotion, they carefully observed the
+Church&rsquo;s fasts and festivals, and partook of the Holy
+Communion every Sunday.&nbsp; From the strict regularity of their
+lives the name was given to them, by those who were laxer in
+conduct, of &ldquo;Methodists.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p65b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Wesleyan Chapel"
+title=
+"Wesleyan Chapel"
+src="images/p65s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In 1729 the Rector of Lincoln College summoned John Wesley to
+resume residence at Oxford, and he became Tutor of the
+College.&nbsp; In this capacity he was careful to look after the
+souls, as well as the intellectual training, of those under his
+influence.&nbsp; The brothers began missionary work in Oxford,
+about the year 1730, in which they were assisted by a few other
+kindred spirits.&nbsp; They visited the sick and needy, with the
+permission of the parish clergy, as <!-- page 66--><a
+name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 66</span>well as
+offenders confined in the gaol.&nbsp; This continued for some
+time, but gradually John began to long for a wider field for his
+spiritual energies.&nbsp; He had gathered about him a small band
+of equally earnest associates, and they went out to Georgia,
+North America, in 1735, to work among the English settlers and
+North American Indians.&nbsp; After two years John returned to
+England, in 1737, and then began the work of his life.</p>
+<p>It is said that he was a good deal influenced by the <i>De
+Imitatione Christi</i> of Thomas a Kempis (of which he published
+an abridged edition in 1777), <a name="citation66a"></a><a
+href="#footnote66a" class="citation">[66a]</a> also by Jeremy
+Taylor&rsquo;s <i>Holy Living and Dying</i>; and he imputed his
+own conversion to his study of Law&rsquo;s <i>Serious
+Call</i>.&nbsp; His &ldquo;first impression of genuine
+Christianity,&rdquo; as he called it, was from the Moravian sect,
+with whom he came in contact at Hirnuth in Saxony, which he
+visited in 1738, after his return from America; but his complete
+&ldquo;conversion,&rdquo; he was wont to say, occurred at a
+meeting of friends, in Aldersgate Street, London, where one of
+them was reading Luther&rsquo;s <i>Preface to St. Paul&rsquo;s
+Epistle to the Romans</i>, the exact time being 8.45 p.m., May
+24, 1738.</p>
+<p>Though taking an independent course, and appointing only lay
+workers as his agents, he regarded himself to the end of his days
+as an ordained minister of the Church of England, and his society
+as still being a part of it, and he urged all faithful Wesleyans
+to attend church service once on Sunday, and to receive the Holy
+Communion at church, it being only after his death that the
+society&rsquo;s secession became complete. <a
+name="citation66b"></a><a href="#footnote66b"
+class="citation">[66b]</a></p>
+<p>The first Wesleyan congregation of about 50 members, some of
+them Moravians, was formed in London, where they met in Fetter
+Lane, once a week; the first meeting being on May 1st, 1738, and
+from that day the society of &ldquo;Methodists&rdquo; may be
+regarded as having begun. <a name="citation66c"></a><a
+href="#footnote66c" class="citation">[66c]</a>&nbsp; The birth of
+the sect in Lincolnshire may be said to date from his visit to
+Epworth, in 1742.</p>
+<p>In 1743 he divided the whole county into two sections, or
+circuits, the eastern and western.&nbsp; Of the eastern Grimsby
+was the head; this included Horncastle, and gradually comprised
+some 15 other subsidiary centres, extending from Grimsby and
+Caistor in the north, to Holbeach in the south.</p>
+<p>His earliest recorded visit to Horncastle was in 1759, when he
+addressed a large concourse of people in a yard, supposed to be
+that of the Queen&rsquo;s Head Inn, near the Market Place, on
+April 4th and 5th.&nbsp; On July 18th, 1761, he again preached
+here, and on July 18th, 1774, he addressed, as his journal
+states, &ldquo;a wild unbroken herd.&rdquo;&nbsp; On July 6th,
+1779, he says &ldquo;I took my usual stand in the Market Place,
+Horncastle, the wild men were more quiet than usual, Mr.
+Brackenbury, J.P., of Raithby Hall, standing near
+me.&rdquo;&nbsp; This Mr. Robert Carr Brackenbury remained his
+firm friend through life; and we may here add that he granted to
+Wesley the use of his hay loft at Raithby for religious services,
+further securing the use of it in perpetuity, by his will, to the
+Wesleyan body, so that the curious anomaly has occurred that,
+when the hall was bought in 1848, by the Rev. Edward Rawnsley,
+the house became the <!-- page 67--><a name="page67"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 67</span>residence of an Anglican clergyman,
+yet bound to allow the loft over his stable to be used for
+nonconformist worship.&nbsp; In recent years the stable has been
+unused as such and the loft made more comfortable, being
+furnished with seats, pulpit, &amp;c</p>
+<p>Wesley, throughout his life, generally visited Horncastle
+every two years, his death occurring on March 2nd, 1791.&nbsp;
+There is in Westminster Abbey a mural memorial of John and
+Charles Wesley, having within a medallion, the bust-sized
+effigies of the two brothers, beneath which is inscribed the
+saying of Wesley, &ldquo;The best of all is God with
+us.&rdquo;&nbsp; Below this, within a panel, is a representation
+of John Wesley, preaching from his father&rsquo;s tomb in Epworth
+churchyard.&nbsp; Beneath are two more quotations from his own
+words, &ldquo;I look upon all the world as my parish,&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;God buries His workmen, but carries on His
+work.&rdquo;&nbsp; At the head of the slab is the inscription
+&ldquo;John Wesley, M.A., born June 17th, 1703, died March 2nd,
+1791.&nbsp; Charles Wesley, M.A., born December 18th, 1708, died
+March 29th, 1788.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The growth of the society was not rapid, and for some years
+was subject to fluctuations.&nbsp; In 1769 Grimsby had 56 members
+and Horncastle 42, including such well-known local names as
+Rayson and Goe.&nbsp; In 1774 Grimsby had fallen to 32 members
+and Horncastle to about the same.&nbsp; In 1780 Horncastle had
+only 31 members, but the numbers had increased in the
+neighbourhood; Kirkby-on-Bain having nearly as many as
+Horncastle, viz. 29, Wood Enderby 10, Hemingby 7, and Thimbleby
+18; there being evidently a greater readiness to accept the new
+teaching among the simpler rural population.</p>
+<p>In 1786 Horncastle was made the head of a circuit to itself,
+and in that year the first chapel in the town was built, the
+whole circuit then numbering 620 members.&nbsp; This chapel was
+near the site of the present Baptist place of worship.&nbsp; A
+few years later the opposing barrier among the upper class seems
+in some degree to have given way, as, in 1792, we find the name
+of Joseph Bass, a &ldquo;physician,&rdquo; as
+&ldquo;leader.&rdquo;&nbsp; In 1800 there was further growth in
+the country, Greetham having 21 and Fulletby 26; among the latter
+occurring the still well-known names of Winn (Richard and
+Elizabeth), 5 Riggalls, and 5 Braders.&nbsp; By this time there
+were 6 circuits formed in Lincolnshire, and congregations at
+Newark and Doncaster.</p>
+<p>Although there was a chapel at Horncastle there was no
+minister&rsquo;s residence until after 1786.&nbsp; At that date
+John Barritt rode over from Lincoln to preach, and finding no
+Wesleyan minister&rsquo;s house, he was taken in and hospitably
+entertained by a Mr. Penistoun, who was &ldquo;a great
+Culamite.&rdquo;&nbsp; After staying the night with him he rode
+on next day to Alford, for Sabbath duty.&nbsp; On the death of
+John Wesley (1791) his mantle fell, and indeed, had already
+fallen, in several cases, on shoulders worthy of the commission
+which he conferred upon them.&nbsp; The first resident ministers
+were the Rev. Thomas Longley, Superintendent; the above John
+Barritt was the second, and Richard Thoresby the third.</p>
+<p>Hitherto it had not been a service free from difficulty, or
+even danger.&nbsp; Itinerary ministers had to make their journeys
+on duty, often long and wearying, on horseback, over bad country
+roads, even occasionally incurring hardship and peril.&nbsp; In
+1743 Mr. John Nelson was sent by Wesley to Grimsby, and his
+journals describe severe labour and even persecution.&nbsp;
+Another pioneer, Thomas Mitchell, was thrown by a mob into a pool
+of water, and, when drenched, was painted white from head to
+foot.&nbsp; He was afterwards thrown into a pond more than 12
+feet deep, rescued and carried to bed by friends, he <!-- page
+68--><a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 68</span>was
+thrice dragged out of his bed because he would not promise not to
+visit the place (Wrangle) again.&nbsp; Wesley himself, in his
+journal (May 10, 1757) says &ldquo;I preached to a mixed
+congregation, some serious, others drunk;&rdquo; but on the other
+hand, in 1764, he preached, when the chapel &ldquo;though having
+its galleries, was too small.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>We have named John Barritt among the early Horncastle
+ministers.&nbsp; He was preaching on one occasion at Boston, when
+a band of roughs forced their way into the chapel and interrupted
+the service, driving some of the congregation away.&nbsp; He had,
+however, a more serious experience, from exposure to the
+roughness of the elements.&nbsp; He was riding to Boston,
+apparently by a somewhat circuitous route, and a violent storm
+arose at sea.&nbsp; When he was not far from the coast the sea
+bank gave way, the country was inundated, vessels were even
+carried some distance inland, Boston itself was deluged, and he
+might have been drowned, but that he managed to reach some high
+ground, and arrived safely at Sibsey.</p>
+<p>About this date, we are told, the progress of Wesleyanism
+excited the jealousy of the clergy, not so tolerant as they are
+now, and a meeting was held at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle, at
+which it was argued that the &ldquo;spread of Methodism was one
+of the causes of the awful irreligion&rdquo; prevalent, that the
+ministers were &ldquo;raving enthusiasts, pretending to divine
+impulse, and thus obtained sway over the ignorant.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>John Barritt was re-appointed to Horncastle in 1801, as
+Superintendent, his colleagues being Thomas Rought, John Watson,
+and Squire Brackenbury as supernumerary, the latter was also,
+about this time, appointed head of the society in Spilsby. <a
+name="citation68a"></a><a href="#footnote68a"
+class="citation">[68a]</a>&nbsp; J. Barritt was grandfather of
+Robert Newton Barritt, who was very popular in Horncastle,
+1882&ndash;1884.&nbsp; Wesley&rsquo;s characteristic advice to
+him had been &ldquo;When thou speakest of opinions, or modes of
+worship, speak with coolness, but when thou speakest of
+Repentance, Faith and Holiness, then, if thou hast any zeal, show
+it!&rdquo; and to these principles he was ever true.</p>
+<p>Other ministers of note at different periods were George
+Shadford, a name still surviving in the town; Charles Atmore, who
+wrote sundry Wesleyan hymns; Thomas Jackson, a great scholar,
+twice elected President of the National Conference; Digory Joll,
+grandfather of the present Mr. Watson Joll (to whom the writer
+owes much of the information here utilized); and to these we may
+add Benjamin Gregory, 1817; Robert Ramm and Robert Bryant, 1830;
+<a name="citation68b"></a><a href="#footnote68b"
+class="citation">[68b]</a> Bryant was called a &ldquo;son of
+thunder,&rdquo; from his great energy.</p>
+<p>In 1835 Leonard Posnet was a popular minister, not only in the
+town but in the country around, being much appreciated by the
+farmers from his intimate acquaintance with their
+avocation.&nbsp; He was followed (1838&ndash;1840) by Joseph
+Kipling, grandfather of the now well-known Rudyard Kipling.&nbsp;
+Joseph Clapham was a faithful minister from 1843 to 1845, and was
+succeeded by (1845&ndash;1848) &ldquo;Father&rdquo; Crookes,
+&ldquo;Preacher&rdquo; Wood, and the &ldquo;saintly&rdquo;
+Fowler, who was said to have made 900 converts.</p>
+<p>Then followed Wright Shovelton, Martin Jubb, Peter
+Featherstone, Henry <!-- page 69--><a name="page69"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 69</span>Richardson, and others, among whom it
+would be invidious to make distinctions.&nbsp; We may add that a
+famous missionary of this sect was Thomas Williams, son of John
+Williams, a cabinet maker of Horncastle, the latter being an
+active member of the Wesleyan Sunday School Committee.&nbsp; His
+first wife, mother of the missionary, was Miss Hollingshead, who,
+with her mother, kept a girls&rsquo; school, near the Bow
+Bridge.&nbsp; A <i>History of the Fiji Mission</i>, issued in
+1858, says &ldquo;The good ship Triton sailed from England, Sep.
+14, 1839, carrying out the Rev. T. Williams, and his wife, to
+Lakamba, Fiji.&rdquo;&nbsp; They arrived there July 6,
+1840.&nbsp; He there built a mission house and chapel, where he
+laboured several years, the mission growing in extent, until it
+was beyond his strength.&nbsp; In June, 1852, Mr. Moore was
+appointed as a colleague to relieve him of some of the work, but
+again his health broke down, and he was obliged to leave, after
+13 years&rsquo; hard labour, in July, 1853.&nbsp; He went to
+Australia and took various charges in that country, being chosen
+President of the Mission at Ballarat in 1873.&nbsp; He re-visited
+England in 1861, and again in 1881, returning to Ballarat, as a
+supernumerary, but still officiating.&nbsp; The present writer
+well remembers the impression made by a lecture, given by Rev. T.
+Williams, at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p69b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Wesleyan Day Schools"
+title=
+"Wesleyan Day Schools"
+src="images/p69s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 70--><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+70</span>Among the latest ministers of note has been the Rev.
+John Percy, who gave up his charge as Superintendent in 1904, and
+was succeeded by the Rev. E. Hayward, who left Horncastle on
+Thursday, Aug. 29, 1907, for work at Bridlington; he was
+succeeded by Rev. John Turner, of Colchester, who was 6 years ago
+in Louth Circuit, <a name="citation70a"></a><a
+href="#footnote70a" class="citation">[70a]</a> the Rev. G. German
+Brown continuing as assistant.&nbsp; He was succeeded by the Rev.
+M. Philipson, B.A., coming, with his wife, since deceased (March
+14, 1906), from Stanley, near Durham, where they were the
+recipients of valuable presents on their departure.</p>
+<p>In recent years no member of the society has been more valued
+than the late octogenarian, Mr. John Rivett, J.P., who died Sept
+4, 1906.&nbsp; For nearly 70 years he was a generous supporter of
+the cause; he represented the district at no less than 13
+Conferences, in various parts of the country, and at the Leeds
+Conference, in 1882, he spoke for an hour and a quarter in
+advocacy of its principles.&nbsp; Mr. Henry Lunn, of Horncastle
+and West Ashby, is also well known, as, for many years, an able
+local lay preacher and practical man of business; he was a
+representative at Conferences in London and at Burslem.</p>
+<p>Of the buildings in Horncastle, connected with this society,
+we have gathered the following details.&nbsp; As already stated
+the first chapel was erected in Cagthorpe about the year
+1786.&nbsp; It stood a few yards to the north of the present
+Baptist place of worship, which is close to the north-west corner
+of the Wong.&nbsp; The early history of this first erection is
+little known, but a letter written by Rev. T. Williams of
+Ballarat, dated May 10, 1889, to the late Mr. W. Pacy, states
+that, after some years, it was replaced by a larger building, of
+which the dimensions are elsewhere given, as being length 54-ft.,
+by width 36-ft., with 4 large windows, having pointed heads, on
+the north side, and single windows on the south and west; a small
+porch at the south-east corner, facing the Baptist Chapel, giving
+entrance to the body and galleries; a door at the south-west end
+for the use of the minister, opening near the pulpit, which was
+at the west end; the eastern gable being the roadway
+boundary.&nbsp; Of these &ldquo;pointed&rdquo; windows the Rev.
+T. Williams says, &ldquo;the lancet windows, with quarry panes,
+were a whim of Mr. Griggs Lunn and of my father.&nbsp; Of this
+building some remains are still visible, to the height of about 3
+feet, in the south wall of Mr. Scholey&rsquo;s garden, about 50
+yards to the north of the Baptist Chapel.&nbsp; Towards its
+erection a number of masons, joiners, and others, who could not
+afford subscriptions, gave their labours gratuitously.&nbsp; Two
+houses for ministers were also built close by.</p>
+<p>In 1836 a third chapel was begun, on a new site in Union
+Street (now Queen Street), and was opened on Good Friday in the
+following year, the interior fittings being transferred from the
+second building in Cagthorpe.</p>
+<p>In 1866 a movement was commenced, with a view to the erection
+of a still larger chapel, and the present fine building was the
+result; opened in 1869, with accommodation for over 1,000 persons
+(1024), at a cost of &pound;5,876. <a name="citation70b"></a><a
+href="#footnote70b" class="citation">[70b]</a>&nbsp; The Sunday
+School adjoining, with large class rooms and infant school being
+built in 1875, at a further outlay of &pound;2,578.&nbsp; The
+fittings of the chapel are of stained polished deal, the gallery
+front and pulpit are white, picked out with gold, the latter
+standing upon 4 round-headed arches of light and graceful
+design.&nbsp; A new organ was erected soon after the opening of
+this chapel, at a cost of &pound;300, and in 1883 the instrument
+was enlarged and improved.</p>
+<p><!-- page 71--><a name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+71</span>In 1886 the Centenary of Wesleyanism was celebrated and
+the occasion was marked by a strenuous effort to clear off the
+debt from the Horncastle Circuit.&nbsp; This effort was
+supplemented by &ldquo;Ye olde Englyshe Fayre, houlden in ye
+Exchange Hall, Nov. 20, 21 and 22, MDCCCLXXXVIII;&rdquo; and at a
+tea gathering on March 12, 1889, it was stated that the original
+debt had, in the previous two years, been reduced to &pound;60,
+and since then the whole had been cleared off, the exact sum
+raised being &pound;1,526 2s. 4d.; while, as an evidence of the
+general prosperity of the Society, the Chairman stated that in
+the last 24 years debts had, throughout the country, been paid to
+the total amount of no less than &pound;1,226,245. <a
+name="citation71a"></a><a href="#footnote71a"
+class="citation">[71a]</a></p>
+<p>In 1860 a former foundry show room, in Foundry Street, built
+by the late Mr. Tupholme, was acquired through the generosity of
+Mr. J. Rivett, to be used as a mixed day school; it had one large
+general room, four classrooms, and two large yards, and afforded
+accommodation for more than 400 scholars.&nbsp; The premises cost
+&pound;450, but before the school was opened some &pound;1,300
+had been spent in adapting them to educational purposes.&nbsp;
+This has now been superceded by an even more commodious building
+in Cagthorpe, on the south branch of the canal, at the corner
+near the Bow Bridge, opposite St. Mary&rsquo;s Square, at a cost
+of &pound;2,500.&nbsp; It has a very large room for a mixed
+school, another for an infant school, with classrooms and
+everything required, in accordance with the latest conditions by
+Act of Parliament.&nbsp; The foundation stone was laid June 22,
+1904, and the school was formally opened Jan. 4, 1905.</p>
+<p>A Young Men&rsquo;s Institute was established in the beginning
+of 1889, by the Rev. G. White, then Superintendent Minister, for
+which the classroom of the Sunday School was to be available for
+their use, every evening except Sunday, supplied with daily
+papers, magazines, &amp;c.; classes also being held for the
+consideration of important subjects and for mutual improvement;
+these are still continued.&nbsp; There is also a Wesley Guild,
+which meets every Friday evening, in the band room, Queen Street,
+at 8 o&rsquo;clock, during the winter months, and on the first
+Friday evening in the month during the summer.&nbsp; Marriages
+are celebrated in this chapel. <a name="citation71b"></a><a
+href="#footnote71b" class="citation">[71b]</a></p>
+<h3>THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS.</h3>
+<p>We have given an account of the rise and progress of
+Wesleyanism, but, as that society eventually made a complete
+separation from the Church of England, of which its founder
+remained through life an ordained minister and communicant, so
+the seeds of disruption spread in itself.&nbsp; At different
+periods it threw out off-shoots, amounting in all to some eight
+different daughter societies; such as those which are named
+&ldquo;The Original Connection,&rdquo; &ldquo;The New
+Connection,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Primitive Methodists,&rdquo;
+&amp;c.&nbsp; Of these the last alone is represented in
+Horncastle.&nbsp; More than 50 years ago <a
+name="citation71c"></a><a href="#footnote71c"
+class="citation">[71c]</a> the Primitives had, in this country,
+2,871 places of worship, with 369,216 sittings; with the
+exception of the &ldquo;Original Connection,&rdquo; none of the
+other off-shoots had then as many as 100,000 sittings.</p>
+<p><!-- page 72--><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+72</span>In Horncastle the first chapel, opened in 1821, was a
+small building, situated on the left side of what is now
+Watermill Yard, to the north of the town.&nbsp; This proving too
+small for the growing congregation, a larger structure, an oblong
+building, with front gable at the east end and a gallery, was
+erected in 1837; the minister&rsquo;s house being at the west
+end.&nbsp; This was about half way up Watermill Road, on the
+north side, now a stable, but still retaining a pointed
+window.&nbsp; This building was of the date of the
+superintendency of the Rev. John Butcher.&nbsp; The residence was
+found to be too damp to be comfortable, and a house was taken for
+him in Prospect Street.&nbsp; In the early days of this chapel
+Mary Crossley, a Revivalist, occasionally preached here.&nbsp;
+Possibly the services at this time were rather too demonstrative,
+as they were not unfrequently interrupted by roughs, and the sect
+acquired the name of &ldquo;The Ranters.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation72"></a><a href="#footnote72"
+class="citation">[72]</a>&nbsp; An amusing anecdote is related of
+Mr. Butcher; he was a somewhat eccentric character, and in the
+discharge of his intinerant ministrations he usually rode on a
+donkey, sometimes accompanied by her foal; and a waggish
+passer-by on the road is said, on one occasion, to have saluted
+them with the greeting &ldquo;Good morning, ye three,&rdquo;
+adding <i>sotto voce</i>, &ldquo;donkeys.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>After a few years this second chapel was found lacking in
+accommodation and a third building, the present edifice, was
+erected in Prospect Street, in the year 1853, with sittings for
+380, at a cost of about &pound;1,100.&nbsp; As this is a
+substantial structure, likely to last for many years, we may here
+describe it.&nbsp; It is of red brick, except the arch of the
+western door, which has a band of white bricks; the bricks are
+larger than usual, being 3&frac14; inches in thickness.&nbsp; The
+entrance has a double door opening into a lobby, at each end of
+which is a staircase, leading to the north and south
+galleries.&nbsp; There is a window on each side of the door,
+three windows above, and over them, in the gable, a stone, with
+the inscription &ldquo;Primitive Methodist Chapel,
+1853.&rdquo;&nbsp; At the east end of the interior is a Rostrum,
+12-ft. long, divided into two stages, the front one being 8
+inches above the floor, the second, behind it, about
+4&frac12;-ft. high, with access by steps at both ends.&nbsp; The
+front of this platform has slender piers, supported by lancet
+arches, with trefoils and quatrefoils between, giving a graceful
+effect, and painted white, gold, and grey, with a background
+chocolate in colour.&nbsp; At the back of the rostrum are eight
+arches in the pannelling.&nbsp; This is said to have been a copy
+of the arrangement in Bardney Chapel.&nbsp; Over the rostrum is a
+recess in the east wall, containing the harmonium, which cost 40
+gs., and seats for the choir.&nbsp; The sittings in the body of
+the chapel are of stained and varnished deal.&nbsp; At the rear
+of the chapel, entered by doors at each side of the rostrum, is a
+large room for the Sunday School, with two smaller class rooms
+above it.&nbsp; The erection of this building was due to the
+exertions of the Rev. J. Haigh, who was appointed minister in
+1850, and as an exception to the usual custom, he was requested
+to continue his ministry for four years.&nbsp; We may add that,
+at the opening service of this third chapel the ministers present
+were Rev. J. Haigh, as Superintendent; Rev. T. Fletcher; Rev. R.
+Pinder, then at Coningsby; Rev. J. Garbutt, Supernumerary, from
+West Ashby.&nbsp; The Rev. T. Fletcher was appointed as Second
+Minister in Horncastle, at that time, for two years; he became in
+1872 Superintendent Minister for three years, and again 1884 for
+four years, leaving for Market Rasen in 1888.&nbsp; During the
+ministry of Rev. J. Haigh in Horncastle, several chapels were
+built in the neighbourhood.</p>
+<p><!-- page 73--><a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+73</span>Horncastle was at first included in the Lincoln Circuit,
+but in 1837, at the building of the second chapel it was
+constituted a separate circuit, and when the third chapel was
+erected, in 1853, Coningsby was made a branch of Horncastle.</p>
+<p>The first preacher who visited Horncastle was a female, Jane
+Brown by name, who is said to have walked from Lincoln to
+Horncastle on a Sunday morning, giving an address in the Market
+Place in the afternoon, and in the evening holding a service in a
+house, now forming part of the back premises of the Red Lion
+Hotel.&nbsp; The first local preachers were also females, Mary
+Allen and Mary Clarke.&nbsp; The first two female members were
+Mary Elwin and Martha Belton.</p>
+<p>Mr. Butcher having been the first resident minister, was
+succeeded by the Rev. C. Smith, who worked here and in various
+other places during 50 years, and then retired to York as
+supernumerary.&nbsp; The Rev. William Rose, who had been Second
+Minister in 1850, was appointed Superintendent in 1875, and
+remained two years.&nbsp; A few years later the Rev. J. Pickwell
+(1888&ndash;90) was Superintendent, with Rev. W. Whitaker as
+Second Minister; the former first joined the society as a scholar
+in 1849, being numbered among the local members, he afterwards
+removed to Lincoln, and acted as Itinerant Minister for 33 years
+before returning to Horncastle in 1888.&nbsp; Mr. Pickwell was
+succeeded by Rev. William Kitson as Superintendent, with Rev. R.
+H. Auty as Second Minister.&nbsp; Mr. Kitson retained his post
+during four years, when he left for Market Rasen.&nbsp; Mr. Auty
+was followed, as Second Minister, by Rev. John Bowness, and he,
+in turn, by Rev. Thomas Stones.</p>
+<p>In 1894 the Rev. John Featherstone succeeded to the ministry,
+with Rev. W. J. Leadbetter as Second Minister, both these stayed
+to their second year, Mr. Featherstone dying in 1896.&nbsp; In
+that year the Rev. John Worsnop was appointed, with Rev. A. W.
+Bagnall as Second Minister; the former retained his post during
+five years; Mr. Bagnall two years, being succeeded in 1898 by
+Rev. Walter Tunley, and he, in 1899, by the Rev. George H.
+Howgate, who stayed two years.&nbsp; In 1900 Rev. J. Worsnop
+retired to Newcastle-on-Tyne, and died there in Dec., 1904.</p>
+<p>In 1901 the Rev. Matthew H. Chapman became Superintendent
+Minister, with Rev. J. A. Kershaw as Second, both remaining
+during two years.&nbsp; In 1903 the Rev. Robert B. Hauley
+succeeded, with Rev. J. Cousin as assistant, both remaining two
+years.&nbsp; In 1905 (July) the former left for Kirkby Stephen,
+Westmoreland, the latter for a circuit in Shropshire.&nbsp; They
+were followed by the Rev. E. Allport, from Skegness, as
+Superintendent, Sept. 1905; and Rev. E. J. Hancox from
+Doncaster.&nbsp; In June of that year the annual Conference was
+held at Scarborough.</p>
+<p>We will now put together a few details of the origin of this
+society.&nbsp; Hugh Bourne was born at Stoke-upon-Trent, April 3,
+1772. <a name="citation73"></a><a href="#footnote73"
+class="citation">[73]</a>&nbsp; Although his family was said to
+be ancient, his ancestors having come to England at the Norman
+Conquest, he belonged to a humble rank in life, living at Ford
+Hays Farm.&nbsp; He was in early life educated by his mother, a
+godly woman, and while very young he learnt by heart the Te Deum,
+the Litany, and much of the prayers of the Church of
+England.&nbsp; He worked for his father, and an uncle who was a
+millwright, but found time to study hydrostatics, pneumatics,
+natural philosophy, <!-- page 74--><a name="page74"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 74</span>as well as Hebrew, Greek and
+Latin.&nbsp; His mother&rsquo;s influence had given him a serious
+bent of mind, and he early acquired strong religious
+convictions.&nbsp; His biographer says of him &ldquo;He tells, in
+child-like simplicity, how, when only four or five years old, he
+pondered over thoughts of heaven and hell, the last judgment, and
+other solemn subjects.&nbsp; During the next 20 years his inner
+life was one of hopes and fears, doubt and faith, conflict and
+victory.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>His mother, going to Burslem on business, borrowed of a
+Wesleyan friend, some religious books, among them being
+Baxter&rsquo;s <i>Call to the Unconverted</i>, Allen&rsquo;s
+<i>Alarm</i>, and a sermon by Wesley on <i>The Trinity</i>.&nbsp;
+Her son Hugh naturally read these, and Wesley&rsquo;s sermon made
+a great impression upon him.&nbsp; One Sunday morning he was
+sitting in his room, reading Fletcher&rsquo;s Letters on <i>The
+Spiritual Manifestation of the Son of God</i>, when he declares
+that he was led &ldquo;to believe with his heart unto
+righteousness, and with his mouth to make confession unto
+salvation.&rdquo;&nbsp; This was in his 27th year, A.D.
+1799.&nbsp; He joined the Wesleyan society in June of that year,
+the special occasion being a love feast at Burslem, to which he
+was taken by an aged neighbour, a farmer near Bemersley, named
+Birchenough, at whose house services were conducted, who offered
+him a ticket which constituted him a member, and thus in his own
+words I was &ldquo;made a member without knowing it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>As we shall presently see Hugh Bourne became one of the two
+originators of the Primitive community, the other was his friend
+and neighbour William Clowes, a sketch of his career was
+published some years ago, <a name="citation74"></a><a
+href="#footnote74" class="citation">[74]</a> from which we cull
+the leading particulars.&nbsp; He was born at Burslem 12th March,
+1780, his mother, a daughter of Aaron Wedgewood, being a near
+relation of Josiah of that name, the inventor of the famous
+Wedgwood pottery.&nbsp; At ten years of age (1790) he began work
+in his uncle&rsquo;s pottery, which he continued for several
+years.&nbsp; At that time dancing, gambling and pugilism were the
+chief amusement of the factory men and colliers of Staffordshire,
+and for some years he led a wild life of dissipation, yet this
+was accompanied, at times, with a sense of self-condemnation and
+spiritual consciousness.&nbsp; &ldquo;When I was ten years
+old,&rdquo; he says, &ldquo;I remember being at a prayer meeting
+conducted by Nancy Wood, of Burslem, in her father&rsquo;s house,
+when, convinced of the sin of disobedience to my parents, I wept
+bitterly.&rdquo;&nbsp; Conflicts between good and evil continued
+to disturb him for several years.&nbsp; When a young man, at a
+dance in Burslem, he was so suddenly convicted of sin, that he
+abruptly withdrew.&nbsp; Shortly afterwards he married, but he
+and his wife quarralled so violently that he left her, and went
+off, taking with him only his mother&rsquo;s prayer book.&nbsp;
+After some wandering, without a penny in his pocket, he returned
+and begged his wife to attend the Wesleyan Chapel regularly with
+him, but she refused.&nbsp; He then, prayer book in hand, took an
+oath that he would serve God and avoid dissipation.&nbsp; This
+oath, however, was broken; but once more in the early hour of a
+cold January morning he went forth, and seeing a faint light
+burning in a window, he entered the house, to find a few humble
+methodists gathered for an early prayer meeting.&nbsp; There, he
+says, he knelt unnoticed, but there he &ldquo;died to sin, and
+was born of God.&nbsp; This, I said, is what they call being
+converted.&nbsp; I was fully persuaded that I was justified by
+faith, and had peace with God, through our Lord Jesus
+Christ.&rdquo;&nbsp; From that day, Jan. 20th, 1805, he began a
+new life.</p>
+<p>The time now approaches when the two, Hugh Bourne and William
+<!-- page 75--><a name="page75"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+75</span>Clowes began the great work of their life.&nbsp; At the
+beginning of the 19th century Bourne, being much employed at
+Harriseahead, near Bemersley, was shocked at the general lack of
+the means of grace, and he endeavoured in 1800 and 1801 to
+promote a revivalist movement.&nbsp; Daniel Shubotham, a boxer,
+poacher, and ringleader in wickedness, was brought, through
+Bourne&rsquo;s influence, to the Saviour, on Christmas day 1800,
+and with his natural energy of character took up the cause.&nbsp;
+Matthias Bailey, another of Bourne&rsquo;s old associates was
+also won over, and cottage prayer meetings were begun among the
+colliers.&nbsp; A meeting upon Mow Cop was proposed for a day
+given to prayer.&nbsp; At this time Lorenzo Dow, an American
+Wesleyan visited the Black Country, as the coal district of
+Staffordshire was called.&nbsp; He spoke of the American camp
+meetings, himself preaching at Congleton, when Hugh Bourne, with
+his brother James, was present; William Clowes being also a
+hearer.&nbsp; They bought books of Lorenzo Dow, which had a
+marked effect on the future.&nbsp; On May 31st, 1807, a camp
+meeting was held on Mow Cop, a hill in the neighbourhood, Bourne
+and Clowes being present.&nbsp; Stands were erected and addresses
+given from four points.&nbsp; Bourne organized two companies, who
+continued by turns praying all the day; others giving accounts of
+their spiritual experiences, among whom Clowes was prominent, and
+his words are &ldquo;The glory that filled my soul on that day
+exceeds my powers of description.&rdquo;&nbsp; Persons were
+present on this occasion from Kilham in Yorkshire and other
+distant places, one, Dr. Paul Johnson, a friend of Lorenzo Dow,
+coming from Ireland.</p>
+<p>The movement had now taken definite form and substance.&nbsp;
+Another camp meeting followed at the same place on July 19,
+lasting three days; a third on August 16th, at Brown Edge; a
+fourth on August 23rd, at Norton-in-the-Moors.&nbsp; At this time
+was held the Annual Wesleyan Conference, at which handbills were
+issued denouncing this separate movement.&nbsp; For a brief
+moment Bourne, Clowes and Shubotham hesitated; but the question
+was seriously considered at a meeting at the house of a friend,
+Joseph Pointon, when it was &ldquo;revealed&rdquo; to Bourne that
+the camp meetings &ldquo;should not die, but live;&rdquo; and
+from that moment he &ldquo;believed himself to be called of
+God&rdquo; for the new work; and shortly his brother James, James
+Nixon, Thomas Cotton, and others, gave themselves to the
+cause.</p>
+<p>For some years the labours of these men and their associates
+were chiefly devoted to the pottery and colliery districts of
+Staffordshire, where a remarkable change was brought about in the
+moral condition of the hitherto almost brutalized people.&nbsp;
+The area of work was then gradually enlarged, extending
+throughout the whole country, and even, as we shall presently
+see, beyond it.&nbsp; The following are a few personal details of
+Hugh Bourne&rsquo;s subsequent career.</p>
+<p>In 1808, on his way to Bemersley from Delamere Forest, an
+impression forced itself upon him that he would shortly be
+expelled from the Wesleyan connexion; on reaching home he found
+that a rumour to this effect was being circulated, and in June of
+that year the formal sentence of expulsion was carried out.&nbsp;
+He continued to devote himself to the work of evangelization,
+urging however all others to join whatever denomination they were
+themselves most inclined for.</p>
+<p>He preached his first sermon at Tunstall, on Nov. 12, 1810, in
+a kitchen which had been licensed for preaching three years
+before.&nbsp; It was not plastered or ceiled, so that if not
+required at any future time, it might be converted into a
+cottage, which took place in 1821, when a chapel was
+erected.&nbsp; At the Conference held at Newcastle-on-Tyne, in
+1842, he was most regretfully placed <!-- page 76--><a
+name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>on the
+retired list, on account of his impaired health, a yearly pension
+of &pound;25 being assigned to him.&nbsp; He was still, however,
+to be at liberty to visit different parts of the connection; and
+during the next ten years of his superannuation he kept up a very
+wide correspondence on religious matters, and made a missionary
+visit to America.&nbsp; The last conference which he attended was
+at Yarmouth, in 1851.&nbsp; For several years he had felt a
+premonition that the year 1852 would be his last.&nbsp; The last
+sermon which he preached was at Norton Green, on Feb. 22, 1852;
+and on Oct. 11, in that year, he surrendered his happy spirit
+into the hands of God, who gave it, when &ldquo;the weary wheels
+of life stood still.&rdquo;&nbsp; His chief residence would
+appear to have been at Bemersley, where it was long felt that
+they had lost in him &ldquo;a man of great faith and mighty
+prayer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>We now pass over a period of several years.&nbsp; Clowes
+received a call to Hull.&nbsp; He had crowded the work of a
+life-time into some 17 years, and his health was now far from
+good.&nbsp; At a meeting in December, 1827, he exhibited such
+weakness as showed that he had done his best work.&nbsp; However,
+he continued to reside in Hull and visited other places from
+there, as his strength allowed.&nbsp; It is certain that he
+visited Horncastle, for an old lady, Mrs. Baildham, who died in
+May, 1900, having been a member of the connection more than 70
+years, frequently asserted that she had heard both Clowes and his
+wife preach in, presumably, the second chapel in Mill Lane.</p>
+<p>At the Conference in 1842, 35 years after the first camp
+meeting on Mow Cop, both Clowes and Bourne were present; but the
+assembly was saddened to see the original founders, of what was
+now a thoroughly established and wide-spread community, both
+shattered in health and broken by toil.&nbsp; Nine years later
+Clowes said to a friend &ldquo;I feel myself failing fast, I am
+fully prepared.&rdquo;&nbsp; He spoke of the glories of heaven,
+and said &ldquo;I shall possess it all through the merits of
+Christ.&rdquo;&nbsp; His speech began to fail, but he got
+downstairs, and once more led his class.&nbsp; On the Saturday he
+attended a committee meeting; on Sunday he was too weak to go to
+chapel; on Monday there was further weakness; early on Tuesday
+slight paralysis; and on March 2, 1851, he quietly passed to his
+rest, aged 71.&nbsp; The people of Hull were greatly moved, and
+many thousands lined the streets as the funeral procession passed
+to the grave, at which the Rev. William Harland briefly recited
+the story of the good man&rsquo;s work.</p>
+<p>Of the general progress of the connexion, we may say, that
+down, to 1870 it was simply a Home and Colonial body, but, in
+that year, the Norwich branch sent out the missioners, Burnett
+and Roe, to the island of Fernando Po, on the west coast of
+Africa.&nbsp; This was in response to an appeal from the
+Fernandians, who had been converted by a member of the connexion,
+Ship Carpenter Hands, of the ship Elgiva, who, with his godly
+Captain, Robinson, had in the course of trade visited that
+country.&nbsp; The same year also saw a mission established at
+Aliwal North, in the eastern province of Cape Colony.</p>
+<p>In 1884 the Primitive Methodists of Canada formed themselves
+into an independent community, although with expressions of
+mutual good will on both sides; their numbers at that time were
+8223, with 99 travelling and 246 local ministers, and 237
+chapels.</p>
+<p>From the middle of the 19th century to its close was a period
+of great expansion, a return in 1888 reporting the existence in
+Great Britain of 4,406 chapels, there having been in 1843 only
+1278.&nbsp; In 1864 Elmfield College was opened at York, as a
+middle class school, one of their best; John Petty being <!--
+page 77--><a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+77</span>first Warden; in 1876 a college was opened at
+Birmingham, named after the great founder, &ldquo;Bourne
+College.&rdquo;&nbsp; At Sunderland a Theological College was
+opened in 1868, the former Infirmary building being bought; and
+here, from that date till 1881, Dr. William Antliff, assisted,
+and afterwards, succeeded by Mr. T. Greenfield, trained
+candidates for the ministry.&nbsp; The college was afterwards
+transferred to a new building at Alexandra Park, Manchester.</p>
+<p>In 1889, at the 70th Annual Conference, held in Bradford, the
+membership of the society numbered 194,347, with 1,038 itinerant
+and 16,229 local preachers; 430,641 Sunday School scholars, 4,436
+chapels and 1,465 smaller places of worship; the value of the
+connexion&rsquo;s property being estimated at over
+&pound;3,218,320.</p>
+<p>For these details I am largely indebted to the notes of the
+late Mr. William Pacy, of the Wong, Horncastle, and to the
+courtesy of the Rev. R. B. Hanley, Minister 1903&ndash;5.</p>
+<h3>THE INDEPENDENTS.</h3>
+<p>Next in size to the Wesleyan Chapel and its Sunday Schools, on
+the west side of Queen Street, are the Chapel and Sunday Schools
+of the Independent, or Congregational, community, which stand
+nearly opposite, on the east side of the same street; the former
+being a handsome substantial building of brick, enclosed by a
+high wall, and tall iron rails and gate, to the precincts in
+front, at the north end.&nbsp; Its dimensions are 50-ft. by
+36-ft., with schools behind, of the same solid structure, as will
+be seen hereafter, erected at a later date.</p>
+<p>Like the Baptists this society dates from the time of the
+Commonwealth, or even earlier, though at first known by a
+different name.&nbsp; They arose, indeed, in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth.&nbsp; The persecutions of Protestants, under Queen
+Mary, drove many to take refuge in Germany and in Geneva, where
+they became familiar with the worship of the sects established
+there, which, as an unchecked reaction from the superstitious and
+elaborate ceremonies of Roman Catholicism, took a more extreme
+form than the carefully developed Reformation of the English
+Church allowed.&nbsp; These persons, returning to England in the
+reign of Elizabeth, found, as it seemed to them, too much Romish
+doctrine and practice still retained; the Reformation, according
+to their ideas, had not gone far enough.</p>
+<p>The Queen, as head of the English Church, was not disposed to
+listen to their demands for further change, and they were
+themselves too much divided to have the power to enforce them;
+dissension and disruption were the consequence.&nbsp; A chief
+mover in this process of disintegration was one, Robert Brown,
+who founded a sect called the &ldquo;Brownists.&rdquo;&nbsp; He
+was the son of a Mr. Anthony Brown, of Tolethorpe near Stamford,
+in Rutlandshire, whose father, a man of good position, had
+obtained the singular privilege (granted only to others of noble
+birth) by a Charter of Henry VIII., of wearing his cap in the
+presence of Royalty.&nbsp; Robert Brown was educated at
+Cambridge, graduating from Corpus Christi College, and became a
+Schoolmaster in Southwark.&nbsp; About 1580 he began to put
+forward opinions condemnatory of the established church.&nbsp; He
+held, as opposed to the uniformity of worship by law established,
+that each minister, with his congregation, were &ldquo;a law unto
+themselves;&rdquo; that each such small community had a right to
+be independent of all others; that it was not ordination which
+gave a minister authority to preach, but the fact that he was the
+nominee of a congregation; that councils or synods might <!--
+page 78--><a name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+78</span>be useful in giving advice, but that they could not
+enforce their decisions, and had no punitory power of censure, or
+excommunication, against any who chose to adopt an independent
+course.</p>
+<p>Such opinions, put forward in somewhat intemperate language,
+aroused much opposition and bitter feeling, which Brown was too
+impetuous to avoid, or to mitigate.&nbsp; He continued his
+teaching and presently formed a congregation at Norwich, holding
+his views.</p>
+<p>An Act of Parliament had been recently passed (23 Eliz., c. 2)
+which made anyone guilty of felony who should write, or set
+forth, seditious matter; and the Queen, as supreme head of the
+Church, regarded Brown&rsquo;s action as an interference with the
+Royal prerogative.&nbsp; Severe measures were adopted in order to
+restrain this new teaching.&nbsp; Two preachers, Elias Thacker
+and John Copping, who embraced and proclaimed these tenet, were
+tried at the Bury Assizes in 1583, condemned, and shortly
+afterwards hanged.&nbsp; Brown was himself thrown into prison,
+but released through the intercession of Lord Burghley, with whom
+he was connected.</p>
+<p>He now left England, and, with a number of followers settled,
+by permission of the state, at Middlebourg, in Zealand, where
+they formed a congregation.&nbsp; There, however, freed from all
+restraint, their principles of independence carried them so far
+that differences arose among themselves, which broke up the
+community.&nbsp; Brown presently returned to England, and for a
+time conformed to the Church, which he had so freely abused,
+being allowed even to hold the Benefice of Thorpe Achurch, in
+Northamptonshire.&nbsp; But again and again his independence
+asserted itself, and it is said that he incurred imprisonment no
+less than 32 times, finally ending his days in Northampton
+jail.&nbsp; While at Middlebourg he had published, in 1582, a
+book entitled <i>A Treatise of Reformation</i>, of which he sent
+many copies to England, and it was for distributing these, and
+other of his pamphlets, that the two above-named offenders were
+executed. <a name="citation78"></a><a href="#footnote78"
+class="citation">[78]</a>&nbsp; (Collier&rsquo;s
+<i>Ecclesiastical History</i>.)</p>
+<p>The movement which Brown originated did not die with himself,
+and in 1593 a congregation of Brownists was formed in London,
+which numbered some 20,000 members.&nbsp; A few years later their
+obnoxious tenets again provoked persecution, and once more they
+had to take refuge on the continent.&nbsp; Churches were
+established by them at Amsterdam and elsewhere, the principal one
+being at Leyden, under the Rev. John Robinson, who afterwards
+came to be regarded as the founder of Independency.&nbsp; He was
+a man of considerable attainments; of more genuine piety than the
+impetuous Brown; and while equally with him, holding that each
+congregation was in itself a perfect and independent church,
+under Christ, he would avoid all bitter invective against other
+communities, who, with different regulations, might still be
+regarded equally as churches.</p>
+<p>Although the Brownists had no regularly ordained ministry; as
+newly constituted under Robinson, there were a number of
+ministers elected by the congregations, and no one was allowed to
+teach publicly until, after due <!-- page 79--><a
+name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>examination,
+he had been pronounced qualified for the work.&nbsp; The
+Independents differ chiefly from other religious societies, in
+that they reject all creeds of fallible man, their test of
+orthodoxy being a declaration that they accept the Gospel of
+Jesus Christ, and adhere to the scriptures as the sole standard
+of faith and practice.</p>
+<p>In 1616 a number of the society again returned to England
+under the leadership of Henry Jacobs, who had served under
+Robinson, and once more established a meeting house in London;
+while others, in charge of a Mr. Brewster, who had been a lay
+Elder, also under Robinson, went out, in 1620, to North America,
+in the good ship Mayflower, and another vessel, and founded a
+colony at Massachusetts.</p>
+<p>Although, as has been already stated, under the influence of
+Robinson sectarian bitterness was much modified, yet throughout
+the reigns of James I. and Charles I., the Independents were in
+frequent conflict with the Presbyterians; nor was there only
+sectarian strife, for both parties had numerous supporters in
+Parliament, as well as partizans in the army.&nbsp; Preaching
+Generals and praying Captains abounded; but Cromwell favoured the
+Independents, as against Presbyterians, and this gradually paved
+the way for toleration.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p79b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Interior Congregational Chapel"
+title=
+"Interior Congregational Chapel"
+src="images/p79s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>At the &ldquo;Savoy Conference&rdquo; in London (so called
+because held at the palace of that name), in 1658, the
+Independents published an epitome of their faith, and henceforth,
+with occasional interruptions, they held on their way; although
+it was not till 1831 that the &ldquo;Congregational Union of
+England and Wales&rdquo; was finally and fully constituted.&nbsp;
+They again published, in 1833, a more definite &ldquo;Declaration
+of Faith, Order, and Discipline,&rdquo; which continues still to
+be the charter of the community.</p>
+<p><!-- page 80--><a name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+80</span>We have seen that in the early annals of this society
+the name of John Robinson stood high in general estimation, but
+his was by no means the only honoured name.&nbsp; Among early
+members of mark was Dr. John Owen, of Queen&rsquo;s College,
+Oxford, a learned writer, and Chancellor of the University in
+1652; he became Chaplain to Protector Cromwell, as an
+Independent.&nbsp; The Rev. Isaac Watts, who had been tutor to
+the sons of Sir John Hartop, became the popular minister of a
+Congregational Chapel, in Mark Lane, London, in 1693.&nbsp; Dr.
+Philip Doddridge was also a valued member, as Minister at
+Norwich, Northampton, Kibworth near Market Harborough, and other
+places.&nbsp; From his candour and learning he held friendly
+relations with the highest dignitaries of the established church;
+he is chiefly known for his two great works, <i>The Rise and
+Progress of Religion in the Soul</i>, and his <i>Family
+Expositor</i>.&nbsp; To the regret of many he died of
+consumption, at a comparatively early age, in 1751, at Lisbon,
+whither he had been ordered by his doctors for the milder
+climate.&nbsp; The friend and biographer of the last-named, Mr.
+John Orton, was another esteemed member, who published several
+valuable works, he died in 1783.</p>
+<p>Another was Robert Hall, who ministered at Cambridge,
+Leicester and Bristol, where he died in 1831.&nbsp; He was a
+great writer and very eloquent preacher.&nbsp; Professedly he was
+a Baptist, but he frequently occupied Independent platforms, and
+admitted that he had more feeling of fellowship with an
+Independent than with a strict Baptist. <a
+name="citation80a"></a><a href="#footnote80a"
+class="citation">[80a]</a>&nbsp; None of these, however, was more
+highly esteemed than Dr. Isaac Taylor, of Norwich and Colchester,
+author of several instructive works, and commonly called
+&ldquo;the glory of the Independents.&rdquo;&nbsp; He died in
+1829.</p>
+<p>By the year 1851 this community had grown to such dimensions
+that it had, in England and Wales, 3,244 chapels, with a
+membership of 1,002,307. <a name="citation80b"></a><a
+href="#footnote80b" class="citation">[80b]</a></p>
+<p>The connection of the Congregationalists with Horncastle is of
+comparatively recent date, and the evidence on this subject is
+somewhat conflicting.&nbsp; Weir, in his <i>History of
+Horncastle</i>, published in 1820, does not name them, in his
+list of Nonconformists, as existing here at that time, but
+Saunders&rsquo; <i>History</i>, published in 1836, gives them
+with the others.&nbsp; Hence they would appear to have
+established themselves in the town somewhere between those two
+dates; yet there exists a curious small publication, entitled
+&ldquo;The Confession of Faith of the Society of his
+Majesty&rsquo;s Protestant subjects (dissenting from the Church
+of England) called Independents, in Horncastle, in the County of
+Lincoln, and places adjacent, Framed in the year of Christ, 1781,
+by W. R. Lincoln, printed by S. Simmons.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation80c"></a><a href="#footnote80c"
+class="citation">[80c]</a></p>
+<p>The inference from these facts would seem to be, that, at that
+date, 1781, there was an Independent congregation in the town,
+probably small, consisting of &ldquo;W.R.&rdquo; and his personal
+adherents; as the wording of the confession is said <a
+name="citation80d"></a><a href="#footnote80d"
+class="citation">[80d]</a> to be very remarkable, and indeed
+unique, &ldquo;W.R.&rdquo; was evidently rather of an eccentric
+turn of mind, which led him to publish this authoritative
+statement of Faith.</p>
+<p>The society, probably, in a few years became extinct, and it
+is not till the <!-- page 81--><a name="page81"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 81</span>year 1820 that we find any sign of
+their revival.&nbsp; <i>The Church Book</i> supplies the
+following details: In 1820 certain worshippers in the Wesleyan
+Chapel of that day, finding their religions views not in accord
+with general Wesleyan sentiment, decided to erect a chapel of
+their own; and for this purpose they selected a site in East
+Street, at the north west corner of Foundry Street, where now
+stands the house, 42, East Street.&nbsp; This building was opened
+for public worship on March 22, 1821; the morning preacher being
+the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln, the Rev. John Pain, a Hoxton
+student, preaching in the afternoon, and the Rev. Thomas Hayes of
+Boston, in the evening.</p>
+<p>Mr. Pain officiated for a few weeks and then returned to
+Hoxton to complete his education for the ministry.&nbsp; He had,
+however, left a pleasing impression behind him, and he was
+afterwards invited, in an address signed by 130 of the townsfolk,
+to come and settle among them as their first permanent
+minister.&nbsp; He commenced his labours, in that capacity, in
+July of the same year.&nbsp; Under his ministry the congregation
+rapidly increased, and the first chapel was soon found to be too
+small; and in September of the same year a new site was purchased
+at the north-east corner of Union Street, now Queen Street.&nbsp;
+While this chapel was being built (which is still their place of
+worship) they were allowed by the Wesleyans to make use of their
+chapel, at stated times; some of their services also being, for
+the time, held at the British Schools, on the site of which the
+1st Volunteer Drill Hall was afterwards erected, now the carriage
+repository of Messrs. Danby &amp; Cheseldine.</p>
+<p>At the opening of this chapel, on March 28, 1822, the Rev.
+George Waterbourne, of Dewsbury, preached in the morning, and the
+Rev. Joseph Gilbert, of Hull, in the evening.&nbsp; On Thursday,
+May 9th, following, seven persons formally announced themselves
+to be a church on Independent principles, viz., William Barton
+and his daughter Mary, John Jackson and Elizabeth his wife,
+William Parker (Solicitor), Mary Ball and Rebecca Brown.&nbsp;
+The Rev. John Pain was duly ordained to the ministry on May 10,
+those officiating on the occasion being the Rev. W. Harris,
+LL.D., Theological Tutor of the Hoxton Academy, the Rev. B. Byron
+of Lincoln, and Rev. J. Gilbert of Hull.&nbsp; In July of that
+year three members were added to the church, in 1823 eight more
+were enrolled, in 1824 three more, and in 1825 six joined.</p>
+<p>During this year a vestry was built at the back of the chapel;
+in May of the same year a Sunday School was commenced, which at
+the end of the year numbered 60 scholars; and the congregation
+gradually grew, year by year, until Mr. Pain died in 1844 (April
+11).&nbsp; He was much beloved, and had brought into the fold
+about 150 members.&nbsp; He was interred in the chapel yard, a
+large stone on the west side marking his grave, while a tablet on
+the south wall, at the east end of the interior of the chapel
+bears this inscription, &ldquo;Sacred to the memory of the Rev.
+John Pain, who was ordained Pastor over this church and
+congregation, Anno Domini 1821.&nbsp; As a minister he was
+talented, zealous and useful, his chief desire being to bring men
+unto God.&nbsp; As a man he was amiable and affectionate, his
+private life bearing testimony to the truth of those counsels he
+publicly taught.&nbsp; He departed this life April 11th, 1844,
+aged 44 years.&rdquo;&nbsp; The inscription on the tombstone is a
+long one, in verse, to which is added an epitaph to
+&ldquo;Esther, Relict of the above,&rdquo; who &ldquo;died in
+London, Feb. 1, 1868, aged 64.&nbsp; With Christ.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Of all the ministers of this chapel Mr. Pain was probably the
+most valued, and his memory is still cherished.&nbsp; We may add
+that he was born in Gloucester, a descendant, on his
+mother&rsquo;s side, of the old and honourable family of the <!--
+page 82--><a name="page82"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+82</span>D&rsquo;Oyleys, whose seat is at Adderbury,
+Oxfordshire.&nbsp; His father was many years Pastor of the
+Independent Church of Forest Green, Gloucestershire, his mother
+being daughter of a Church of England clergyman.&nbsp; An
+engraving of him is still preserved, framed, in the vestry of the
+chapel.</p>
+<p>Mr. Pain was succeeded in the ministry of the chapel by the
+Rev. J. Kelsey in 1844; he died in Adelaide, South Australia; and
+from 1845 to 1848 the Rev. W C. Fisher held the post.&nbsp; The
+Rev. Samuel Gladstone succeeded him, and officiated from 1848 to
+1853.&nbsp; He afterwards went to Sleaford.</p>
+<p>The Rev. J. G. Roberts was Minister from 1853 to 1856.&nbsp;
+He married a daughter of the late Mr. T. Meredith; there being a
+tablet to the memory of the latter, on the west side of the south
+wall of the chapel, with this inscription, &ldquo;In affectionate
+remembrance of Mr. Thomas Meredith, who departed this life July
+30, 1858, aged 66 years.&nbsp; As for me I will behold Thy face
+in righteousness; I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy
+likeness.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The Rev. Thomas Betty succeeded in 1857, and held office till
+1863, when his health broke down; his last entry in the books was
+written on Feb. 19, 1863, &ldquo;God bless them all, church and
+congregation, Amen.&rdquo;&nbsp; He returned and died at
+Knottingley, March 26, 1865.&nbsp; During his ministry a debt of
+&pound;75 on the chapel was paid off, and in 1859 a
+minister&rsquo;s house was purchased for &pound;250, and some
+&pound;30 spent in repairs, the money being raised by a
+bazaar.</p>
+<p>The Rev. Thomas Lord followed in 1863, and ministered till
+1866.&nbsp; He succeeded in paying off the debt on the British
+School, and on leaving the town was presented with a handsome
+timepiece by the Committee of the School.&nbsp; He had as a youth
+attended the chapel of Dr. Doddridge (already named) in
+Northampton, but left there in 1834.&nbsp; His first pastorate
+had been at Wollaston, from 1834 to 1845; then removing to
+Brigstock, where he ministered from 1845 until his transfer to
+Horncastle in 1863. <a name="citation82"></a><a
+href="#footnote82" class="citation">[82]</a></p>
+<p>He was succeeded by the Rev. J. E. Whitehead, from 1867 to
+1871.&nbsp; During his ministry several improvements were
+effected in the interior of the chapel, including the erection of
+a commodious platform; oak furniture and elegant fittings being
+added, and the seats of the choir re-arranged.</p>
+<p>The Rev. W. Rose followed from 1872 to 1878.&nbsp; He had been
+stationed at Portsea, but visited Horncastle in July, 1872, to
+preach for Home Missions, and was afterwards invited to undertake
+the ministry here.&nbsp; Being a native of Boston, and having
+resided for some time in Spilsby, he was glad to return to his
+native county, and commenced his ministry in January, 1873.&nbsp;
+During his pastorate the old seats in the body of the chapel were
+removed, and modern open benches substituted.&nbsp; In 1874 a
+plot of land was offered by the late Mr. W. A. Rayson for new
+school premises.&nbsp; Mr. Rose and the late Mr. J. E. Ward, as
+Treasurer and Secretary, took up the matter, and the present
+schools were erected on the south of the chapel.&nbsp; On the
+ground floor is a spacious room, 39-ft. long by 24-ft. wide;
+there is a vestry for the minister, an infant classroom, and a
+kitchen with convenient arrangements for tea meetings; above are
+six large classrooms for boys and girls.&nbsp; These were opened
+April 29, 1875; among the contributors being Mr. Samuel Morley of
+London, at one time President of the Society, and Sir Titus Salt,
+who both, with Mr. W. A. Rayson, gave &pound;50 each.</p>
+<p>After Mr. Rose&rsquo;s retirement both he and Mrs. Rose still
+continued to take a kindly interest in matters connected with the
+chapel.&nbsp; She was a member of <!-- page 83--><a
+name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 83</span>a highly
+respectable family in the neighbourhood, being a daughter of Mr.
+Searby of Wainfleet.&nbsp; Her health, however, was latterly
+precarious, and she died May 16, 1879, her husband dying Dec. 10,
+in the same year.&nbsp; They were both interred at Spilsby.&nbsp;
+Mr. Rose was highly esteemed among all denominations; was on
+cordial terms of intimacy with the Rev. Arthur Scrivenor, then
+Vicar of Horncastle; and, among other duties, he acted on a
+committee at Woodhall Spa, in connection with a Cottage Hospital
+for the poor, in which he took great interest, and which was
+carried on by the writer of these pages, then Vicar of Woodhall
+Spa.</p>
+<p>Mr. Rose was succeeded by the Rev. W. T. Poole, of
+Paulers&rsquo; Pury, Northants; a former Scripture Reader at
+Reading, who ministered here from 1878 to 1880, when he was
+transferred to Bracknall, Berks.&nbsp; He was followed by a
+Nottingham student, the Rev. W. Archer, from 1881 to 1885.&nbsp;
+Then came the Rev. J. H. Dingle, of Ruskington, near Sleaford,
+from 1885 to 1886, when he left for a charge at Patricroft, near
+Manchester.&nbsp; During his pastorate a very successful Bazaar
+was held in November, 1886, from the proceeds of which the manse
+was further improved, and the chapel again renovated, with
+decorations from the designs of Mr. C. H. Stevens.</p>
+<p>Then followed an interval of two years, during which the
+chapel was served by students of the college at Nottingham.&nbsp;
+In 1888 the Rev. G. Luckett succeeded, coming from Long Sutton,
+and held office till Sept., 1893, when he was transferred to
+Curry Rivell, Somerset.&nbsp; An interval here again occurred,
+during which Mr. J. T. Whitehead and other Nottingham students
+took the duties, Mr. Whitehead afterwards accepting a pastorate
+in Lancashire.</p>
+<p>In January, 1894, the Rev. Sidney Benjamin Dixon began his
+ministry, which he continued till December, 1897, when he was
+transferred to Tetsworth, Oxfordshire.&nbsp; For more than a year
+Nottingham students again performed the duties; and in November,
+1899, the Rev. John Pogson, B.D., entered on his ministry, which
+he continued until 1905, when he was transferred to Whitworth,
+near Rochdale.&nbsp; Early in 1907 (Feb. 13) the Rev. J. H.
+Dingle, who had held the office in 1886, was re-appointed, having
+served, as above, 12 years at Patricroft, and afterwards at
+Newmarket and Sheffield.</p>
+<p>There is one more tablet in the chapel, which we have not
+mentioned; it is on the west wall, &ldquo;In affectionate
+remembrance of Jane, the beloved wife of William Wood, who died
+May 12, 1853, aged 48 years.&nbsp; Precious in the sight of the
+Lord is the death of His saints.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Wood was a
+draper in the High Street, and a pillar of the church; he
+afterwards removed to Southampton, and died there.</p>
+<p>We have only to add that there are a considerable number of
+tombstones, with inscriptions, in the chapel yard, but burials
+ceased to take place there by Act of Parliament in 1855.&nbsp;
+Marriages are here solemnized.&nbsp; The Services are morning and
+evening on Sunday, with sermon in the evening of Thursday.&nbsp;
+A Young People&rsquo;s Society of Christian Endeavour Meeting on
+Tuesday at 8 p.m.&nbsp; A Ladies&rsquo; Sewing Meeting on the
+first Wednesday of every month, and choir practice on Friday
+evening at 8, there being a good American organ.</p>
+<p>For the above details I am largely indebted to the notes
+&ldquo;On the Wong,&rdquo; of the late Mr. W. Pacey, supplemented
+by the <i>History of England</i>, in seven volumes, of the Rev.
+H. Walter, B.D., F.R.S., Professor in the East India College,
+Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland, &amp;c.,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 84--><a name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+84</span>THE BAPTIST CHAPEL.</h3>
+<p>This is the oldest nonconformist building in Horncastle.&nbsp;
+It is generally supposed that there was a still earlier chapel,
+situated near what is called the Bow Bridge, which spans the
+southern branch of the canal, between Cagthorpe and St.
+Mary&rsquo;s Square, but we have no definite proof of this beyond
+a vague tradition.</p>
+<p>The Baptist community date their origin from the time of the
+Commonwealth.&nbsp; The earliest person of note connected with
+this religious body being John Bunyon, author of <i>The
+Pilgrim&rsquo;s Progress</i>, <a name="citation84a"></a><a
+href="#footnote84a" class="citation">[84a]</a> who espoused the
+cause of the Parliament against Charles I.&nbsp; He first
+preached in Bedford, where he was a tinker by trade, in the year
+1655, visiting various other parts of the country in succeeding
+years, until he died, August 31st, 1688, and was buried in
+Bunhill Fields.</p>
+<p>An old document shows that at a meeting held at Bedford, in
+the spring of 1655, over which he presided, it was decided to
+send one of the members, &ldquo;Mr. Brown to Horncastle, in
+Lincolnshire, to a few persons of the belief, seeking help to
+guide them in forming a society.&rdquo;&nbsp; Before the
+&ldquo;Toleration Act&rdquo; was passed in 1689, nonconformist
+places of worship were not allowed to exist within five miles of
+a market town. <a name="citation84b"></a><a href="#footnote84b"
+class="citation">[84b]</a>&nbsp; In Asterby, about six miles from
+Horncastle, there is a Baptist chapel, locally reputed <a
+name="citation84c"></a><a href="#footnote84c"
+class="citation">[84c]</a> to be the oldest in the kingdom.&nbsp;
+At Coningsby is a Baptist Chapel, with a school, dating from
+nearly the same period, with an endowment of 26 acres of
+land.&nbsp; The Baptists of Horncastle mostly, in those days,
+worshipped at Asterby.&nbsp; At Donington-on-Bain there is also a
+very ancient chapel, where the Baptists of Louth
+worshipped.&nbsp; The two chapels of Asterby and Donington have a
+joint endowment of &pound;20 a year, and are now affiliated to
+Northgate Chapel in Louth.</p>
+<p>The Foundation Deed of the Chapel in Horncastle is dated Sept.
+19, 1767; and the names of the founders are given as William
+Bromley, Vicars Keal, Hamlet Dabney, William Taylor, William
+Storr, William Dawson, Thos. Hollingshed, Charles Bonner, George
+Gunnis, James Coates, John Blow, and William Tenant.</p>
+<p>The Chapel was originally a structure of one story, having its
+entrance in the centre of the north wall, and the pulpit
+opposite.&nbsp; Until the early part of the 19th century it had
+no baptistry, immersion being performed in the water-mill pit, <a
+name="citation84d"></a><a href="#footnote84d"
+class="citation">[84d]</a> in the north of the town.</p>
+<p>Considerable structural alterations were made in the year
+1843, when the walls were heightened and upper windows inserted;
+a gallery was erected at the east end; the north door was bricked
+up, and the present entrance at the east end opened; the pulpit
+being removed to the west end, facing the door.&nbsp; A further
+enlargement was made by a small vestry on the west being added,
+thus providing sitting accommodation for 250 worshippers.</p>
+<p>On the north side of the building is a graveyard, but only
+three inscriptions <!-- page 85--><a name="page85"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 85</span>are legible, they are &ldquo;Mary
+Markwell, died March 28th, 1776, aged 29.&nbsp; Prepare to meet
+thy God.&rdquo;&nbsp; This was, doubtless, one of the earliest
+interments.&nbsp; The second is &ldquo;In memory of Thomas Lamb,
+who departed this life June 7th, 1811, aged 82.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Here rests that lately animated clod,<br />
+Who self despised, and glorified his God;<br />
+And when that great decisive day shall come,<br />
+He&rsquo;ll rise triumphant from the silent tomb.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Also of Frances, his wife, who departed this life April 2nd,
+1810, aged 79.&nbsp; He was a watchmaker.&nbsp; The third is as
+follows: &ldquo;Sacred to the memory of Eliza, daughter of
+William Parker, Solicitor, and Elizabeth, his wife, who died 1st
+April, 1835, aged 20 years.&nbsp; Them that sleep in Jesus will
+God bring with Him.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Parker occupied part of the
+premises now forming the shop and residence of Mr. Bryant,
+shoemaker, in the High Street.</p>
+<p>There is little doubt that the house adjoining the chapel, on
+the north west, was once the minister&rsquo;s residence.&nbsp; On
+the stairs leading to the present rostrum there is still a
+doorway, which evidently led to the house.&nbsp; There is a stone
+tablet over this door, and in 1892 an exact copy of this was
+made, and placed on the north wall.&nbsp; The inscription reads
+&ldquo;John Hill, departed this life Oct. 16th, 1779, aged 48,
+Pastor of this Church 13 years.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>There are some tablets on the wall within, but the Rev. F.
+Samuels, who was Pastor when the Chapel was renovated, about
+1882, unfortunately allowed the inscriptions to be
+obliterated.</p>
+<p>It is interesting to know that the Mint Lane Baptist Chapel,
+at Lincoln, was founded in 1767, by worshippers at Horncastle. <a
+name="citation85a"></a><a href="#footnote85a"
+class="citation">[85a]</a>&nbsp; Curiously it was not till 1892
+that the Horncastle Chapel was &ldquo;registered&rdquo; as a
+place of worship, the omission being only then discovered, when
+application was made for a licence to solemnize marriages.</p>
+<p>In 1893 the Chapel was thoroughly restored, at a cost of
+&pound;80; the interior being modernised, the walls painted, the
+old high pews removed and replaced by neat seats, the old
+box-shaped pulpit taken down, and a rostrum and platform
+erected.&nbsp; There is a good organ, with special seats for the
+choir.</p>
+<p>We may add that the Baptists are now a very numerous and
+influential body.&nbsp; At the Baptist World Conference, held at
+Exeter Hall, London, July 10 and following days, 1905, the first
+ever held as an united community, Dr. Maclaren of Manchester
+presiding, a message was received from the King and Queen,
+thanking for a loyal address from the Conference.&nbsp; The
+President also stated that he had informally received a greeting
+of good will from the Established Church, as well as from the
+Free Churches.</p>
+<p>On that occasion ministers and delegates attended from various
+parts of Great Britain and the Colonies, from America, France,
+and other countries.&nbsp; A meeting was held under &ldquo;The
+Reformer&rsquo;s Tree,&rdquo; in Hyde Park, Miss Burroughs, a
+coloured lady, being on the platform, also Mr. Britto, a coloured
+vocalist, and the singing being led by a coloured choir.&nbsp;
+The President, Dr. Clifford of London, stated that there were
+present 4,000 delegates, from all parts of the world,
+representing some seven millions of Baptists, <a
+name="citation85b"></a><a href="#footnote85b"
+class="citation">[85b]</a> and 5,700,000 <!-- page 86--><a
+name="page86"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 86</span>communicants;
+but besides these there are 14 or 15 millions of
+&ldquo;adherents&rdquo; to the cause, so that the whole body
+numbers over 20 millions.</p>
+<p>The Rev. W. E. Pearson was appointed August, 1905, but left in
+Feb., 1907, to pursue his studies at college.</p>
+<h3>THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.</h3>
+<p>The Croft Street Chapel, or New Jerusalem Church, is both
+structurally and intellectually, the most recent developement of
+Nonconformity in Horncastle.&nbsp; The founder of this community
+was a personality so remarkable that it may be well here to give
+a brief sketch of him.</p>
+<p>Emanuel Swedenborg, son of a Lutheran bishop, was born at
+Stockholm, in 1689.&nbsp; During more than the first half of his
+life he was distinguished as a hard worker in the field of
+science, and from his many clever inventions, and valuable public
+services, he was ennobled by his sovereign.&nbsp; But in the year
+1743, after a serious illness, accompanied by brain fever, the
+result of excessive mental labour, he threw up all work of this
+kind, declaring that he had received a &ldquo;call&rdquo; from
+the Lord, who manifested Himself to him, by personal appearance,
+and commissioned him to devote further life and strength to
+holier purposes.</p>
+<p>Being a man of strong will, albeit, not improbably, with a
+touch (as was thought by several) of mental aberration, the
+result of his illness, he threw himself, with characteristic
+energy, into the work of religious proselytism, in support of the
+special views with which he was now inspired.&nbsp; He became a
+kind of religious clairvoyant, living an ecstatic existence in
+communion with angels and spirits.&nbsp; He printed accounts of
+various &ldquo;Arcana,&rdquo; as he termed them; visions granted
+to him of heaven and hell; the state after death, the true
+worship of God, the inner spiritual sense of the scriptures; and
+so forth.&nbsp; He held spiritual intercourse with the dwellers
+in other planets, conversing with Apostles, with Luther, Calvin,
+Melancthon, &amp;c.&nbsp; &ldquo;Things hidden since the days of
+Job (he declared) were revealed to himself.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Followers gradually gathered round him, inspired by his own
+enthusiasm.&nbsp; He visited England frequently; and before his
+death, in London, A.D. 1772, he had established congregations in
+England, Ireland, Wales, France, Holland, Sweden, Russia, and
+even in Turkey and America.&nbsp; It is said that several
+Anglican clergy adopted his views, though still retaining charges
+in their own church.</p>
+<p>The special tenets of the sect, which he founded, seem to have
+been, that, while believing in one God, they held that He was the
+Christ; that Christ always existed in human form, but not in
+human soul; and that in His Person there was a real Trinity; that
+the bible was to be understood in a spiritual sense, which was
+first revealed to Swedenborg.&nbsp; Their ritual, which was based
+on that of the Anglican Church, included a splendid priesthood
+and an elaborate ceremonial.</p>
+<p>Swedenborg&rsquo;s very numerous writings included a number of
+mystic works, especially connected with what he called the
+&ldquo;Spiritual Influx,&rdquo; which was not limited to locality
+but pervaded everywhere.&nbsp; Translations of all his works have
+been issued by the Swedenborg Society, located at No. 1,
+Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C., and at Horncastle they may be
+borrowed from the New Church Free Library in Croft Street.&nbsp;
+The Horncastle branch has also its own monthly magazine, <i>The
+New Church Advocate</i>.</p>
+<p><!-- page 87--><a name="page87"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+87</span>The following is a brief account of the Society&rsquo;s
+origin and progress, in Horncastle, from particulars furnished to
+the present writer, by the esteemed minister, Rev. R. Mayes, in
+1903 (the second year of his ministry), and by Mr. Edwin Townell,
+who has been secretary for a quarter of a century.&nbsp; The
+Society was inaugurated on August 9, 1869, when Messrs. Bogg,
+Moore, Hall, Cook, Austin, and Bellamy, met at the house of Mr.
+E. J. Moore, 19, Queen Street; Mr. Moore being appointed
+Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Bogg and Mr. Hall Trustees, and Mr.
+Bogg nominated as first Leader.&nbsp; Mr. Cook offered the use of
+a room in his house, rent free, and the first service was held on
+the following day, Sunday, the 10th of the same month.</p>
+<p>As Mr. Bogg resided at Benniworth, nine miles from Horncastle,
+he could not undertake a service every Sunday; and, at first
+there was only an evening meeting, weather permitting.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p87b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The New Jerusalem Church"
+title=
+"The New Jerusalem Church"
+src="images/p87s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>There was a good deal of opposition for a time, especially
+from the Congregationalists, under their minister, Mr. J. E.
+Whitehead; this, however, served rather to increase the general
+interest in the new movement, and the evening congregations grew
+in numbers.&nbsp; The first tea meeting (which ultimately became
+an established monthly institution) was held March 14, 1870, in a
+room in the alley named &ldquo;Tinker&rsquo;s Entry,&rdquo; there
+being then 14 members on the roll; when addresses were given by
+Mr. J. S. Bogg, Chairman; and by Messrs. Cook, Moore, T. Wemyss
+Bogg, and others.</p>
+<p>In May of the same year Mr. Richard Gunton, of the
+Lincolnshire New Church Association, visited them, followed by
+Rev. John Hyde in October, Mr. Gunton coming again in December of
+the same year.&nbsp; We may here observe that this connection
+with Mr. Richard Gunton became, as will be hereafter shewn, a
+most valuable asset in the Society&rsquo;s favour, in more ways
+than one.&nbsp; He took up his residence in London, first in
+Oseney Crescent, <!-- page 88--><a name="page88"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 88</span>Camden Road, N.W., and afterwards in
+Tufnell Park Road, N., but he never lost his interest in the
+Horncastle branch; visiting the town year after year, to preach
+or give lectures, in the Corn Exchange, on behalf of the
+Society.&nbsp; His last visit was in October, 1896; his death
+occurring on the 5th of the December following, after (as was
+fitly stated) &ldquo;40 years of faithful service as
+Superintendent Missionary,&rdquo; as well as having been
+Treasurer of the New Church Conference.</p>
+<p>In 1871 Mr. Moore left Horncastle, the room in Tinker&rsquo;s
+Entry was given up, and the meetings were held in the house of
+Mr. W. Hall, where a library was also opened for the
+members.&nbsp; Subsequently, with a view to the erection of a
+suitable place of worship, Mr. Hall bought a piece of land in
+Croft Street and presented it to the Society, the project being
+also warmly supported by Mr. R. Gunton.&nbsp; A subscription list
+was opened, plans and estimates obtained, and the foundation
+stone of a fabric was laid, Sep. 16, 1872.&nbsp; The appeal for
+support concluded with these words: &ldquo;This will be the first
+house of worship constructed in the County of Lincoln, for the
+worship of the Lord Jesus Christ as the only God.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+This was signed by W. Hall, Treasurer, and Edwin Dawson,
+Secretary.</p>
+<p>The Chapel was opened Jan. 29, 1873, being dedicated by the
+Rev. Dr. Bayley, Minister of the Chapel in Argyle Square, London;
+who had given a series of lectures in aid of the Society four
+years before (November, 1869) in the Corn Exchange; and, after
+the dedication, he again gave addresses, which were continued by
+Revs. P. Ramage, R. Storry, C. H. Wilkins, Mr. R. Gunton, and
+others, usually morning and evening.</p>
+<p>We will now describe the Croft Street fabric, opened under
+these favourable auspices.&nbsp; It consists of a square oblong,
+standing north and south, 40-ft. by 20-ft.; the architect was Mr.
+Gosling of London, the builder Mr. Chas. Blyton of Horncastle,
+the material being red and white brick.&nbsp; There is
+accommodation for 150 persons; the cost of the structure was
+&pound;350.&nbsp; The fittings, which had formerly belonged to a
+chapel in Cross Street, Hatton Gardens, London, were presented by
+Mr. William Pickstone.&nbsp; At the south end there is an apsidal
+recess with three lancet windows, the central one having coloured
+glass, with the figure of the Good Shepherd and an inscription at
+the bottom stating that it was &ldquo;Presented by J. W Fishleigh
+and Fanny his wife, in memoriam, Feb., 1901,&rdquo; being in
+memory of their only daughter, who died in London, the mother
+having been brought up in this connection.</p>
+<p>Within this apse there is a platform, with polished oak rail
+in front, resting on carved pillars.&nbsp; On this is a Reading
+Desk and Communion Table.&nbsp; The carpet and communion cushion
+were presented by the late Mr. T. Tapling, carpet manufacturer,
+of London, who was a native of Lincolnshire.&nbsp; In the centre
+of the apse is a carved oak chair, having the monogram I.H.S.,
+which was given by Mr. C. Blyton.&nbsp; In front, standing on the
+Chapel floor, is a harmonium by Alexandre &amp; Sons, of Paris;
+it is a fine instrument, having four sets of vibrators and 14
+stops.&nbsp; It was obtained partly at the cost of the
+congregation, and partly by a donation of the late Mr. John
+Jobson, from Mr. Thomas Gunton (son of Mr. Richard Gunton of
+London), who resided at Bunnyfield House, Hatfield Park, and was
+for many years private secretary to the late Marquis of
+Salisbury.&nbsp; The instrument originally cost &pound;84.&nbsp;
+Mr. William Hall presided at this harmonium from the first.</p>
+<p>We have mentioned Dr. Bayley of London as the earliest
+preacher in the new chapel; there was no resident minister till
+1902.&nbsp; Mr. and Mrs. Hall <!-- page 89--><a
+name="page89"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 89</span>entertained
+during the whole of the first year (1873) the preachers above
+named.&nbsp; Others of note who followed were Mr. Layland of
+Nottingham, Leader of the Society in 1876; followed,
+1877&ndash;8, by Mr. J. R. Boyle; to whom succeeded,
+1878&ndash;9, Mr. W. A. Bates (afterwards of Brisbane,
+Queensland, Australia); Mr. W. J. Adcock, 1879&ndash;80; Mr. A.
+E. Beilby, 1880&ndash;1; Mr. W. Hall, 1882; and Mr. William
+Robinson, October of that year.&nbsp; At various dates the
+preachers were Rev. R. Storey of Heywood near Manchester, Rev.
+Mr. Wilkins of Nottingham, Mr. Skelton of London, Mr. Pulsford of
+Leicester, Mr. Cameron of Edinburgh, Mr. Fairweather of London,
+Mr. Ashby of Derby, Mr. Best of Hull, Rev. T. Prestland of
+London, Rev. Joseph Deans in 1899, and Rev. J. R. Rendell,
+President of the Conference; Rev. Lewis A. Slight of Northampton,
+1900; Rev. J. T. Freeth of Bolton, President, 1901.&nbsp; From
+time to time preachers were sent by the New Church Conference,
+and later by the East Midland and Lincolnshire Association.</p>
+<p>Three marriages were solemnized in the Chapel by Rev. L. A.
+Slight, viz., that of Miss Townell and Mr W. Chapman of Oundle,
+Dec. 11, 1900; Miss Elizabeth Hall and Mr. Edwin White, both of
+Horncastle, May 21, 1901; and Miss Florence Smith to Mr. Alfred
+Storton of London, July 9, 1901.</p>
+<p>The Rev. Richard Mayes, the first resident Minister, came from
+Leicester, first preached here Feb. 23, 1902, and entered on his
+ministry in October of that year.&nbsp; Other preachers during
+that interval were Mr. Fairweather of Loughborough, Mr. L. A.
+Slight, Mr. Layland, Mr. W. Hall and Mr. H. Deans.</p>
+<p>A Sunday School was opened with the Chapel in 1873; this was,
+at a later date, temporarily closed, but re-opened by Mr.
+Mayes.&nbsp; Under him, ably supported as he is by members the
+Townell and Blyth families, and others, the services, which are
+short, bright, and musical, are being attended by increasing
+numbers.&nbsp; Mr. Edwin Townell is still Secretary, as he was in
+1880; and with Mr. Mayes&rsquo; ministry Mr. H. Freeman succeeded
+Mr. W. Hall as Treasurer.</p>
+<h3>THE REV. THOMAS LORD.</h3>
+<p>The subject of this notice, no longer holding a ministerial
+charge, is by many years the doyen among Nonconformist preachers
+in Horncastle, being the oldest Congregational Minister in
+England.&nbsp; He completed his hundredth year on April 22, 1908;
+on which occasion he received a congratulatory telegram from His
+Majesty the King; while a public fund was instituted for a
+presentation to be made to him in recognition of the occasion,
+which he desired to be given in his name to the local Institution
+of Nurses.</p>
+<p>Mr. Lord was born at Olney, Bucks., in 1808; and began his
+ministry in 1834, as pastor of a chapel at Wollaston, Northants,
+which he held for eleven years; thence removing to Brigstock, in
+the same county, where he laboured during 17 years.&nbsp; He
+subsequently held pastorates in Horncastle, Deddington (Co.
+Oxford), and Great Bridge, Staffordshire.&nbsp; He gave up
+permanent charge in 1878, continuing, however, to assist other
+ministers in that neighbourhood, until 1899, when, in consequence
+of failing eyesight, he removed once more to Horncastle, taking
+up his abode with his married daughter, Mrs. C. M. Hodgett, on
+the Wong (No. 7).</p>
+<p>Mr. Lord has been an active worker in the temperance cause
+during more than 70 years; a member of the Liberation Society
+since its formation; a warm advocate of the Peace Society, of the
+United Kingdom Alliance; the <!-- page 90--><a
+name="page90"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 90</span>inaugural
+meeting of which he attended at Manchester.&nbsp; He was one of
+the founders of the Congregational Total Abstinence Association;
+and has always been a warm supporter of the London Missionary
+Society.</p>
+<p>Mr. Lord still preaches occasionally in Horncastle.&nbsp; He
+has officiated more than once recently in the Lincoln Mission
+Hall, and not unfrequently occupies the pulpit at the
+Presbyterian Chapel, Kirkstead, to assist the local minister,
+Rev. Robert Holden, who is his junior by some 16 years.&nbsp; On
+Sunday, May 31, 1908, Mr. Lord preached at Alford, in the
+Congregational Chapel; and on Sunday, June 7, 1908, at Boston, in
+the Chapel of the United Methodists.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p90b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908"
+title=
+"Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908"
+src="images/p90s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Notwithstanding his age Mr. Lord&rsquo;s voice is still clear,
+deep-toned, and resonant; his manner is full of vigor, his
+language simple, yet eloquent and earnest.&nbsp; His step is firm
+and elastic.&nbsp; In habit he is an early riser.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 91--><a name="page91"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+91</span>CHAPTER VI.<br />
+EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.</h2>
+<p>Having dealt with the places of worship in the town, we now
+proceed to give an account of its schools; and among these the
+Grammar School, from its antiquity, as well as for other reasons,
+claims precedence.</p>
+<p>This Institution, on its present foundation, dates from the
+reign of Elizabeth, <a name="citation91"></a><a
+href="#footnote91" class="citation">[91]</a> one of whose special
+characteristics was her warm interest in education, which led her
+to encourage her nobles, and more wealthy subjects, to promote
+the cause.&nbsp; The Reformation had given an impetus towards
+emancipation from the ignorance which prevailed in Popish times,
+when the monasteries were almost the only centres of
+enlightenment&mdash;if so it could be called.</p>
+<p>Henry VIII. did little or nothing towards relighting the
+torch, which had been held up by the monks, whom he
+abolished.&nbsp; His successor, Edward VI., founded a few grammar
+schools; among them being, in our own neighbourhood, those at
+Spilsby, Louth, and Grantham.&nbsp; During the brief reign of the
+Popish Mary, the movement was again checked; but Elizabeth,
+herself a cultivated scholar, rekindled the general interest in
+educational progress.</p>
+<p>The title deeds of the school are unfortunately lost, which
+would have shewn to what extent it was then endowed, but
+documents exist belonging to the school, which prove the
+conveyance of certain lands, by John Neale of Horncastle, in the
+17th year of Elizabeth (A.D. 1575); he being one of the first 10
+Governors appointed in accordance with the rules of the
+foundation.</p>
+<p>A useful little volume was published in 1894 by the late Dr.
+Robert Jalland, then Senior Governor of the school, containing
+its history, from the date of the Elizabethan foundation,
+gathered from various documents and minute books, preserved in
+the office of the Clerk of the Governors; from which we cull the
+following particulars:</p>
+<p><!-- page 92--><a name="page92"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+92</span>In the 13th year of her reign (1571), by Letters Patent
+dated at Westminster, June 25, Elizabeth granted to her
+&ldquo;well-beloved and faithful counsellor, and subject, Edward
+Fynes, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lord Clinton
+and Saye, High Admiral of England,&rdquo; that, at his prayer,
+&ldquo;a Grammar School should be established in the town of
+Horncastle, for the good education of boys and youths, living
+there, and about the neighbouring parts, habitants and
+comerants.&rdquo; <a name="citation92a"></a><a
+href="#footnote92a" class="citation">[92a]</a>&nbsp; This was to
+be called &ldquo;The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in
+the Town and Soke of Horncastle of the foundation of (the said)
+Edward, Lord Clynton,&rdquo; &amp;c., <a
+name="citation92b"></a><a href="#footnote92b"
+class="citation">[92b]</a> &ldquo;to continue for
+ever.&rdquo;&nbsp; It was to consist of &ldquo;a Master and
+Sub-Master, or Usher,&rdquo; and the &ldquo;lands, tenements,
+revenues, reversions, and other hereditaments, for the support of
+the school, were granted, assigned, and appointed,&rdquo; for
+their better management, &ldquo;to 10 discreet and honest men,
+who (should) be styled Governors.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The first Governors appointed were Clement Monk, clerk; John
+Smith, clerk; John Sackeverill, gent.; Thomas Litter, gent.; Geo.
+Hargrave, gent.; Thos. Raithbecke, yeoman; John Neale, yeoman;
+Thos. Hamerton, yeoman; Willm. Ward, yeoman; Willm. Harrison,
+yeoman.&nbsp; They were constituted &ldquo;a body
+corporate,&rdquo; having a &ldquo;common seal, to hold, to manage
+the revenues of the school, and empowered to spend, and invest,
+the income at their discretion,&rdquo; to appoint the teachers,
+and successors in the governing body, as vacancies should, by
+death, occur.</p>
+<p>The property of the school, either from the original, or
+later, <a name="citation92c"></a><a href="#footnote92c"
+class="citation">[92c]</a> endowments, consists of lands,
+tenements, ground and quit rents, in Horncastle, or in the
+Wildmore Fen allotment of the same, land and tenement in
+Hemingby, lands in Winthorpe, Huttoft, Sutton, and in Thornton a
+payment of &pound;12 a year in lieu of former land, <a
+name="citation92d"></a><a href="#footnote92d"
+class="citation">[92d]</a> with certain moneys invested in
+Government Consols and Indian Stock.</p>
+<p>The rental of the school property has varied at various
+periods.&nbsp; At the time of the civil war, when the
+neighbourhood was more or less in a state of anarchy, there is no
+record, for some years, of the Governors having even met to
+dispense payments; and the Head Master&rsquo;s salary was only
+&pound;10.&nbsp; In 1735 it amounted to &pound;42, and that of
+the Usher to &pound;21; but in 1753 there was a reduction to
+&pound;30 for the Head Master, and &pound;15 to the Usher, owing
+to money having to be &ldquo;borrowed for the exigenceys of the
+school.&rdquo;&nbsp; In 1786 the income of the school rose to
+&pound;529; the highest point which it seems ever to have
+attained was &pound;877, in 1854.&nbsp; In that year the Head
+Master&rsquo;s stipend is not specified, but two years later it
+was &pound;235, with capitation fees amounting to &pound;251
+odd.</p>
+<p><!-- page 93--><a name="page93"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+93</span>In 1780 the Head Master was the Rev. C. L&rsquo;Oste; he
+was also Rector of Langton by Horncastle, and a good
+scholar.&nbsp; He published a translation, in verse, of Grotius
+on <i>The Christian Religion</i>.&nbsp; It was printed at the
+Cambridge University Press, dedicated to the Bishop of Lincoln,
+with a very distinguished list of subscribers. <a
+name="citation93"></a><a href="#footnote93"
+class="citation">[93]</a>&nbsp; Differences arose between him and
+the Governors, and in Sept., 1782, he was served with a notice to
+quit, at the end of six months, for neglect of his duties.&nbsp;
+He refused to give up office, counsel&rsquo;s opinion was taken
+by the Governors, Mr. L&rsquo;Oste pleaded in his own
+defence.&nbsp; The Governors gave notice of a trial at the
+assizes.&nbsp; No result, however, is recorded, and Mr.
+L&rsquo;Oste retained office until his death in 1818.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p93b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Grammar School"
+title=
+"The Grammar School"
+src="images/p93s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The year 1854 marked the close of the career of the most
+remarkable Head Master who ever ruled the school.&nbsp; The Rev.
+John Bainbridge Smith, D.D., had entered on his duties April 10,
+1818, succeeding Mr. L&rsquo;Oste.&nbsp; Coming to the post as an
+entirely unknown man, of comparatively humble origin, but of
+great energy, he soon acquired a leading position in the town and
+neighbourhood; becoming Rector of Martin, Rector of Sotby, and
+Vicar of Baumber.&nbsp; He was the author of several standard
+works on Divinity.&nbsp; Under him the school achieved such a
+reputation that, besides the day scholars, he had a large number
+of boarders coming from Scotland, Ireland, Devonshire, London,
+<!-- page 94--><a name="page94"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+94</span>and even Jersey and France.&nbsp; His end was
+unfortunately as remarkable as his career.&nbsp; Returning by
+train from Lincoln he fell asleep, and being roused at Kirkstead
+by the porter giving the name of the station, and the night being
+dark, he did not perceive that the train was again in motion, and
+springing out of the carriage, he fell a few yards beyond the
+platform and broke his neck.&nbsp; The porter found him lying
+helpless, but alive, on the line.&nbsp; He was carefully conveyed
+to his residence at Horncastle, and lingered alive several weeks,
+retaining his mental faculties, but having no sense of feeling
+below his neck.&nbsp; At length he recovered slight feeling in
+his legs and feet, and probably tempted by this to make an effort
+to move, he was found one morning dead in his bed.</p>
+<p>The Duke of Newcastle, who owned property in Baumber (where,
+as we have said, Dr. Smith was Incumbent), appointed him his
+private chaplain; and the Doctor&rsquo;s youngest daughter, Sarah
+Katherine, married the Rev. Henry Fiennes Clinton, a near
+relative of the Duke, and a descendant of the founder of the
+school, Lord Clinton and Saye.</p>
+<p>The school building has not always occupied the site on which
+it now stands.&nbsp; As shewn in Stukeley&rsquo;s plan of the
+town, printed in 1722, it stood in the north-east corner of the
+school yard.&nbsp; In 1772 that structure was found to be in a
+ruinous condition, and the present building was erected, being
+opened for use at Midsummer 1778.&nbsp; A classroom was added at
+the south end in 1855, and more recently another small room put
+up at the north end.&nbsp; The residence of the Head Master was
+formerly a small low cottage, but it was considerably enlarged in
+the early part of the 19th century, and in 1858 a new wing was
+added at the north end.</p>
+<p>In 1847 two &ldquo;Clinton&rdquo; Exhibitions were founded by
+the Governors, of &pound;50 a year, to be held for four years, by
+scholars going to the University.&nbsp; For lack of such scholars
+this was granted to Clement Madely Smith, youngest son of Dr.
+Smith, the Head Master, who studied for the medical profession,
+in London.&nbsp; No further appointment however was made, as in
+1848 the Governors decided that they had no authority so to
+employ the funds at their disposal.</p>
+<p>On the death of Dr. Smith, in 1854, a new scheme of education,
+more suited to the requirements of the time, was drawn up by a
+committee appointed for that purpose, which received the sanction
+of the Charity Commissioners, and was approved by the Master of
+the Rolls in the same year.</p>
+<p>The attendance at the school, however, gradually fell off,
+until, in the year 1886, there were only 16 scholars; and further
+reforms were needed.&nbsp; Since then changes in the system have,
+from time to time, been introduced, to render the school more
+generally useful: the more recent being the admission of female
+pupils in 1903, for whom was appointed a resident lady teacher,
+Miss E. Gibson, who had matriculated, 1st class, at London
+University.</p>
+<p>Small Scholarships also, not exceeding six in number, were
+established for needy pupils; and application was made to the
+Lindsey County Council, for a grant of &pound;80, in aid of
+scientific lectures, <a name="citation94"></a><a
+href="#footnote94" class="citation">[94]</a> under the Technical
+Instruction Act of Parliament; so that a general middle-class
+English education was provided, along with Latin, French,
+book-keeping, and other technical subjects; an examination being
+held annually by some one unconnected with the school, who should
+be approved of by the Charity Commissioners.&nbsp; The school has
+thus, under the tenure of the Head Mastership by Dr. Madge, of
+late years, <!-- page 95--><a name="page95"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 95</span>been considerably improved, and the
+area of the subjects taught, widened; assisted as he has been by
+the able Second Master, Mr. C. W. Gott, B.A., London, and Miss
+Gibson.&nbsp; But it has also been increasingly recognised that
+there was room for still further development, if the institution
+was to take its proper position among the endowed educational
+establishments of the county.&nbsp; This, however, is a subject
+to which we shall recur hereafter.</p>
+<p>In 1855 a school Library was commenced, the Governors granting
+&pound;10 for the purchase of books; &pound;20 being given in the
+following year, and this has been further enlarged in later
+years, until the books now number nearly 500.</p>
+<p>In March, 1893, a Magazine entitled <i>Banovallum</i> was
+established, to be mainly carried on by the scholars, the Editor
+being J. G. Meanwell, Sub-Editor J. R. Cowburn.&nbsp; It was a
+monthly record of school work and sports, with various other
+matters of interest.&nbsp; It was intended also to be a link of
+connection between &ldquo;old boys&rdquo; and new; and with this
+view former pupils of the school were invited to contribute. <a
+name="citation95a"></a><a href="#footnote95a"
+class="citation">[95a]</a>&nbsp; The outside support, however, of
+such a publication was not sufficient to render it a paying
+venture, and after an existence of rather more than two years, it
+expired with the July No. of 1895.</p>
+<p>Here we may fittingly introduce some personal reminiscences of
+the school, and those connected with it, in its palmiest days,
+under the regime of Dr. Smith, and first we may mention members
+of his own family.</p>
+<p>Although, as before stated, himself of humble origin, <a
+name="citation95b"></a><a href="#footnote95b"
+class="citation">[95b]</a> he married the daughter of a General
+Sandwith, a lady who was highly esteemed by all who knew
+her.&nbsp; She bore him three sons and three daughters, and
+predeceased him.&nbsp; His eldest son, Bainbridge, graduated at
+Cambridge University, took Holy Orders, was at one time English
+Chaplain at Smyrna, and succeeded his father in the Rectory of
+Sotby.&nbsp; He married a daughter of Judge Haliburton of Nova
+Scotia, the author of <i>Sam Slick</i>, <i>The Watchmaker</i>
+(1839) and other works, which were popular in their day.&nbsp;
+The eldest daughter, Frances, married a member of a then
+well-known Horncastle family, the Rev. John Fawssett, a graduate
+of Cambridge, who afterwards became in turn Rector of Minting and
+Vicar of Baumber with Stourton.&nbsp; A second son, Joseph
+Coltman, became a Solicitor in Hull, but died early in
+life.&nbsp; A second daughter, Isabella, married the Rev. W.
+Affleck Peacock (named after his relative Sir Robert Affleck, of
+Dalham Hall, Newmarket), Rector of Ulceby near Alford.&nbsp; The
+youngest daughter, as already stated, married the Rev. Henry
+Fiennes Clinton, Rector of Cromwell, near Newark, a near relative
+of the Duke of Newcastle, to whom he was appointed domestic
+Chaplain.&nbsp; The third and youngest son, Clement Madely, so
+named after his godfather, the esteemed former Vicar of
+Horncastle, adopted the medical profession and went out to India,
+where he became known as a keen sportsman among big game; a group
+of two tigers shot by him, and stuffed by Ward the great
+taxidermist, being exhibited in the Crystal Palace several years
+ago.</p>
+<p>Of the scholars at the school, under Dr. Smith, we recall a
+few names, as samples of the class of pupils whom he
+received.&nbsp; There were three Sandwiths, Humphrey, Godfrey,
+and Henry, who were his nephews on his wife&rsquo;s side.&nbsp;
+<!-- page 96--><a name="page96"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+96</span>Humphrey became a surgeon, and having a taste for
+foreign travel, went out to Constantinople to practice
+there.&nbsp; Having good introductions he was kindly received by
+Sir Stratford Canning, the English Ambassador, and making the
+acquaintance of Layard, he was invited to travel with him to
+Mecca, Mosul, and Nineveh, at two of which places excavations
+were conducted; as Hakim, or Doctor, he was visited by crowds of
+Arabs, suffering from various ailments; and his quinine wrought
+wonderful cures among them.&nbsp; When at home he sometimes
+surprised his friends by suddenly appearing among them dressed in
+Arab costume.&nbsp; In 1855 he was at the famous siege of Kars,
+under General Fenwick Williams; when a force of 15,000 English
+were shut in by an army of 50,000 Russians.&nbsp; The English had
+three months&rsquo; provisions and three days&rsquo; ammunition;
+they suffered greatly from cholera, and after five months
+surrendered, only when overcome by famine.&nbsp; Humphrey wrote a
+history of the siege.</p>
+<p>Of Godfrey we remember little; Henry graduated at Cambridge,
+took Holy Orders and became Vicar of Thorpe Salvin, near
+Worksop.&nbsp; There were three Inveraritys, Duncan, Henry, and
+William; the first of these went out to India, and became a Judge
+in the Supreme Sudder Court.&nbsp; Henry devoted himself to
+yachting, and died early.&nbsp; William held a commission in a
+Highland Regiment of foot.&nbsp; Roseville Brackenbury, whose
+father, a former Peninsular officer, and member of an old
+Lincolnshire family, resided temporarily at Horncastle, in order
+to place his son under Dr. Smith, entered the East India
+Company&rsquo;s service, in the Bengal Presidency.</p>
+<p>There were three Buchanans, sons of an old Indian officer,
+Major Buchanan, a Scotchman, but residing in Maida Vale,
+London.&nbsp; These were James, Alexander, and Robert.&nbsp;
+James was a dashing, chivalrous, high-spirited fellow, who took
+service in a Madras regiment of cavalry; his brother
+&ldquo;Alick&rdquo; was of a different fibre, being chiefly
+remarkable for the amount of treacle tarts which he could
+consume, at the shop of the once well-known &ldquo;Sally
+Dickinson;&rdquo; the third brother, Robert, entered the
+navy.</p>
+<p>We may here mention, as evidence of the hard work which was
+done under Dr. Smith&rsquo;s system, a feat of memory performed
+by two brothers among the senior boys, Thomas and Alfred Cammack,
+which the present writer well remembers, as he was present as a
+small boy when it occurred.&nbsp; &ldquo;Repetition,&rdquo; of
+one kind or another, was required of all boys; but these two
+repeated to the Master from memory, the whole of the first book
+of Milton&rsquo;s <i>Paradise Lost</i> (798 lines), Thomas with
+only three promptings, and Alfred with five.&nbsp; Another boy,
+Sidney Bousfield, did the same with nine or ten promptings.&nbsp;
+Thomas Cammack walked his hospital in London, and eventually
+became a consulting physician of some eminence, residing at
+Boston; Alfred died early.&nbsp; Sydney Bousfield went out to
+India, and died some years ago.</p>
+<p>Two pupils, Holland and Forge, who came to study with the
+Doctor, of more mature years than the ordinary scholars, were
+&ldquo;crack shots,&rdquo; and welcomed at many of the shooting
+parties in the neighbourhood.&nbsp; A third, Frank Richardson,
+who was an ardent fox hunter, had his horse brought to the door
+weekly, on the day when the meet was nearest, and was always
+among the foremost in the field.&nbsp; He was, further, a great
+athlete, and would follow the hounds on foot, and not seldom be
+in at two deaths in the day, several miles apart; of him, it is
+related, that he leapt the school-yard wall, nearly 7-ft.
+high.&nbsp; There were many more who were trained by the Doctor
+to serve their generation worthily in various capacities, but let
+these suffice as a sample of his influence.</p>
+<p><!-- page 97--><a name="page97"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+97</span>The Under Masters whose services he enlisted were,
+further, not unworthy of him.&nbsp; We will name one or two.</p>
+<p>The first Under Master of whom the present writer has any
+knowledge was Thomas Myddelton.&nbsp; He was by birth a
+gentleman, being connected with the very old family of the
+Myddelton Biddulphs of Chirk Castle, North Wales, who have now
+dropped the latter name, retaining only the Myddelton.&nbsp;
+Thomas Myddelton&rsquo;s father, John M. (then dead), had been
+Rector of Bucknall, in this neighbourhood, 1804&ndash;34; his
+grandfather, also named Thomas, having been Vicar of Melton
+Mowbray; he (John M.) having been an Exhibitioner of St.
+Paul&rsquo;s School, London, graduated B.A. at Sidney Sussex
+College, Cambridge, 1782, and gained a Fellowship.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p97b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School"
+title=
+"Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School"
+src="images/p97s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Thomas also graduated at Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.&nbsp; While serving as Under Master at the Grammar
+School he was ordained to the Curacy of Bucknall, under his
+father&rsquo;s successor, the Rev. John Fendall.&nbsp; On the
+occasion of his ordination he begged a whole holiday of Dr.
+Smith, and treated the whole school to a day at Tattershall
+Castle; hiring carriages to take them all, there being yet no
+railway; and he gave them a substantial meal at the
+&ldquo;Fortescue Arms&rdquo; Hotel.&nbsp; He was naturally very
+popular with the boys of the school, although he was rather a
+strict disciplinarian, and made them work hard.&nbsp; He was
+commemorated in the &ldquo;Breaking up Song&rdquo; of the school
+in the following lines:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p>Mr. Myddelton now comes in,<br />
+With his nose above his chin; (two prominent features)<br />
+<!-- page 98--><a name="page98"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+98</span>With pleasant smile he waves his cane,<br />
+As though to say, &ldquo;I would fain refrain;<br />
+It grieves me sore to give a thwack<br />
+Upon the shrinking truant&rsquo;s back.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<span
+class="smcap">chorus</span>)</p>
+<p>We&rsquo;re breaking up, and going away,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; All for the sake of a holiday.<br />
+Jack&rsquo;s a dull boy without his play;<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp; So, Hurrah, again, for a holiday!</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>He remained at the Grammar School about two years, afterwards
+taking the Curacy of Langton with Wildsworth, near
+Gainsborough.&nbsp; He presently moved to West Stockwith, holding
+the Curacy of Wildsworth with East Ferry.&nbsp; He never held a
+benefice; but, having some private means, he continued to reside,
+in retirement, at West Stockwith, until his decease, about
+1880.&nbsp; He was buried at Misterton, the adjoining parish,
+where he had also taken occasional duty.</p>
+<p>After Mr. Myddelton the next Under Master was William
+Hutchinson.&nbsp; He was the son of the landlord of the principal
+inn in the neighbouring town of Wragby, and had been educated at
+the small grammar school there.&nbsp; He was appointed about
+1845.&nbsp; He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, as B.A., in
+1848, keeping his terms there by permission, while acting as
+Usher at Horncastle.&nbsp; In that year he left Horncastle, and
+was elected Master of Howden Grammar School in Yorkshire, where
+he was also appointed Curate in 1848, being ordained Deacon in
+1848 and Priest in 1849.&nbsp; While at Horncastle he had married
+Miss Caroline Dixon, daughter of a corn merchant; there were five
+daughters, all clever, the youngest being Miss Annie Dixon, who
+became distinguished as a miniature painter, exhibiting in the
+Royal Academy, and becoming a favourite of the late Queen
+Victoria.&nbsp; He held the Head Mastership at Howden for several
+years; holding also the Perpetual Curacy of Laxton near Howden
+from 1850 to 1855, the Perpetual Curacy or Vicarage of Airmyn
+from 1855 to 1862, when he was appointed Vicar of Howden, which
+benefice he held till his death in 1903.</p>
+<p>It was somewhat remarkable that he began professional life in
+Horncastle, famed for its great horse fairs, and passed the rest
+of his life at Howden, also noted for its great horse fair.&nbsp;
+His wife is buried, with two sisters, in the cemetery at
+Horncastle.</p>
+<p>The next Under Master to be mentioned about this period was
+Francis Grosvenor.&nbsp; He was the son of a respectable
+tradesman in the town, and had been educated at the Grammar
+School.&nbsp; At first he was employed by Dr. Smith as a
+supernumerary teacher of the junior boys, and became useful in
+the temporary absences of Mr. Hutchinson, at Dublin
+University.&nbsp; He was a conscientious and dependable youth,
+thoughtful beyond his years, and was much valued by the Head
+Master, who was a shrewd judge of character.&nbsp; He also
+graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, taking honours; and was
+ordained Deacon in 1847, and Priest in 1848.&nbsp; He remained as
+Second Master for some years at the Grammar School, being much
+esteemed among neighbouring clergy for his unostentatious manners
+and general worth.&nbsp; He frequently officiated in the Parish
+Church.&nbsp; Eventually he went to Chester, as Curate of St.
+John&rsquo;s Church in that city, where he remained many years,
+taking pupils.&nbsp; There was probably a talismanic attraction
+in the name of Grosvenor; Eaton Hall, the seat of Lord Grosvenor
+(now Duke of Westminster) being in the immediate vicinity.&nbsp;
+He was consequently very successful in obtaining pupils; <!--
+page 99--><a name="page99"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+99</span>and made money, whereby he acquired considerable house
+property there and elsewhere.&nbsp; He was devoted to
+arch&aelig;ological pursuits, and published a learned paper (of
+16 pp.) on &ldquo;The early connection between the County
+Palatine of Chester and the Principality of Wales,&rdquo; which
+he read before the County Antiquarian Society. <a
+name="citation99a"></a><a href="#footnote99a"
+class="citation">[99a]</a>&nbsp; After many years&rsquo;
+residence in Chester, he retired on a competency to Epsom, in
+Surrey, where his mother, brother and sister resided with him;
+and where he acted as Chaplain to the Union, until his decease,
+about 1880.</p>
+<p>The last Assistant Master, under Dr. Smith, whom we may name
+was John Burton, born of humble parents in Peterborough.&nbsp; He
+was appointed about 1848, and served Dr. Smith faithfully about
+three years.&nbsp; He was not, however, a strong man, either
+physically or mentally.&nbsp; His weakness of character was shewn
+in an incident which might have had a tragic termination.&nbsp;
+Having formed an attachment for a young lady, living near the
+schoolhouse, and being rejected, he declared that he would commit
+suicide; and he fired off a pistol under her window at night,
+taking care, however, not to wound himself.&nbsp; On leaving the
+school he entered at Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated in
+1853, dying soon afterwards.</p>
+<p>On the appointment of the Rev. Samuel Lodge, to the Head
+Mastership in 1854, Thomas White, a graduate of St. John&rsquo;s
+College, Cambridge, became Under Master.&nbsp; He had taken
+classical honours, and was an efficient teacher, and rather
+strict disciplinarian.&nbsp; He was the first Under Master
+allowed to take private pupils as boarders.&nbsp; He continued at
+his post six years, taking Holy Orders, and in 1860 was presented
+by the Bishop of Lincoln to the Vicarage of Scamblesby, which he
+held until his death in 1891.</p>
+<p>It may be of interest if we here give some of the customs of
+the school at this period, as samples of a state of things which
+is now past and gone.&nbsp; The morality of some of them might be
+questioned in these days of advanced ideas on civilization, but,
+under the guidance of a man of Dr. Smith&rsquo;s mental calibre,
+their effect was the rearing of a generation of manly youths,
+capable of much intellectual, as well as physical, activity and
+endurance.</p>
+<p>The Head Master was himself a remarkable instance of
+this.&nbsp; Punctually at 7.30, without fail, he was every
+morning in his desk at the school, to open proceedings with
+prayer, it being frequently a race between himself and his
+boarder pupils, as to who should arrive first, his residence
+being some quarter mile from the school.&nbsp; When he closed the
+school, with &ldquo;abire licet,&rdquo; <a
+name="citation99b"></a><a href="#footnote99b"
+class="citation">[99b]</a> in the afternoon, he as regularly went
+for his &ldquo;constitutional&rdquo; walk.&nbsp; Furious indeed
+must be the weather if Dr. Smith was not to be seen on Langton
+Hill, summer and winter, rain or fair; if the former he would
+brave the elements, wrapt in a large blue cloth cloak, waterproof
+as his leather gaiters.&nbsp; If the latter, he would often
+saunter slowly, rapt in meditation, or composing verses, an
+occupation of which he was very fond, leaving behind him at his
+death several vols. of MS. poetry. <a name="citation99c"></a><a
+href="#footnote99c" class="citation">[99c]</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 100--><a name="page100"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+100</span>The school hours were from 7.30 to 9, before breakfast;
+10 to 12.30 midday; afternoon 3 to 5; while the boarders at his
+own house worked with the Assistant Master from 7 to 9; the day
+boys, in the town, preparing exercises and repetition for the
+next morning, at their own homes.&nbsp; It was an amusement, for
+some of the more active, to get up some quarter of an hour
+earlier than the others, and hurry down to St. Mary&rsquo;s
+Church, to help old Dawson, the sexton, to ring the Grammar
+School bell. <a name="citation100a"></a><a href="#footnote100a"
+class="citation">[100a]</a>&nbsp; As the Doctor was very active
+in his movements, any boarders who were late in starting, could
+only reach the school in time, by running across the fields
+between the two branches of the canal, called &ldquo;The
+Holms.&rdquo;&nbsp; Woe betide those who were late!</p>
+<p>From the Doctor&rsquo;s energy of character it would be
+expected that he would encourage active healthy
+recreations.&nbsp; The days of cricket were not yet, <a
+name="citation100b"></a><a href="#footnote100b"
+class="citation">[100b]</a> although &ldquo;single wicket&rdquo;
+was sometimes practiced.&nbsp; Nor was football popular, as it is
+now.&nbsp; The game was indeed played, but we had, in those days,
+no Rugby rules, and the ball was composed of a common bladder,
+with a leather cover made by the shoemaker.&nbsp; In the school
+yard the chief game was &ldquo;Prisoner&rsquo;s Base,&rdquo;
+generally played by boarders against day boys; in this swiftness
+of foot was specially valuable.&nbsp; There was also a game named
+&ldquo;Lasty,&rdquo; in which one boy was selected to stand at
+the upper end of the yard, while the rest gathered at the lower
+end.&nbsp; After a short interval, the one boy darted forward
+towards the others, who all tried to avoid him; his object was to
+catch one of the other boys, and when he succeeded in this, the
+boy whom he caught took up the running to catch another, and this
+could go on for any length of time.&nbsp; There was another
+exciting game called &ldquo;Lug and a Bite.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the
+fruit season a day boarder, from the country, frequently brought
+his pocket full of apples; he would throw an apple among the
+other boys, one of whom would catch it, and run away biting it;
+the others would chase him, and seize him by the lug (ear), when
+he would throw it away, and another would catch it, and continue
+the process, he being, in his turn, caught by the ear, and so
+on.&nbsp; This afforded much amusement, and many apples would in
+this way be consumed.&nbsp; There were large slabs of stone laid
+down in the yard, on which marbles were played with, and peg tops
+were spun.&nbsp; Hockey, or shinty, as it was commonly called,
+was also a favourite game; but these amusements were chiefly
+confined to the sons of tradesmen in the town.</p>
+<p>Among the boarders archery was practised, and by some of them
+with a skill almost rivalling that of Locksley in Sir Walter
+Scott&rsquo;s novel of <i>Ivanhoe</i>.&nbsp; A carpenter in the
+town made for us bows of lancewood, and arrows of poplar, tipped
+with spikes of iron.&nbsp; With these we could not only split our
+&ldquo;willow wand&rdquo; at 80 yards distant, but the more
+skilful deemed an arrow hardly worth having until it had been
+baptized in the blood of blackbird or pigeon, and some of the
+neighbouring pigeon cotes suffered accordingly.&nbsp; The writer
+was presented with a bow made of bamboo, and arrows said to be
+poisoned, which a great traveller, then residing in Horncastle,
+had brought from the South Sea Islands.&nbsp; He lent these to a
+brother archer, who by mistake shot another boy in the calf of
+the leg.&nbsp; Great alarm was the result, but the poison must
+have lost its power, for no evil consequences ensued, except that
+the wounded party almost frightened himself into a state of
+fever.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p101b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907"
+title=
+"Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907"
+src="images/p101s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 101--><a name="page101"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+101</span>These, however, were among the less hardy of our
+sports.&nbsp; The good old Doctor&rsquo;s great aim was to get us
+healthily engaged in the country.&nbsp; With this object he would
+say on a Monday morning to the bigger boys of the two highest
+classes, &ldquo;Now, lads, if you will translate this book of
+Virgil, or Homer, or this Greek play, as quickly as you can, you
+shall have the rest of the week to spend as you
+like.&rdquo;&nbsp; Put upon our mettle by such a challenge the
+work would be completed, by us perhaps on the Wednesday, and
+three days of varied enjoyment in country rambles would
+follow.&nbsp; In these days, when bird-nesting is forbidden as
+being &ldquo;cruelty to animals,&rdquo; it may horrify some of
+our readers to learn that the Doctor encouraged his pupils to
+collect eggs.&nbsp; On our excursions in early summer every hedge
+was carefully examined for many miles round, the tallest trees
+were climbed, or, as it was then called &ldquo;swarmed,&rdquo; in
+search of the eggs of hawk, carrion crow, woodpecker, &amp;c.;
+those of the <!-- page 102--><a name="page102"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 102</span>owl were found in the thick fir
+plantations, or those of the jackdaw in old ruins; the rarest
+specimens being presented to the Doctor himself, while commoner
+kinds were hung in festoons from the ceiling of our study at his
+residence.&nbsp; The two chief holidays at this season were the
+Queen&rsquo;s Birthday, May 24th, and &ldquo;Royal Oak
+Day,&rdquo; May 29th.&nbsp; On these two days the boys were
+expected to decorate the school in the early hours of the
+morning; a <i>sine qua non</i> being, that, on the Doctor&rsquo;s
+arrival at 7.30 a.m., he should find his desk so filled with
+floral and arboreal adornments, that he could not enter it;
+whereat he would make the remark, repeated annually, &ldquo;Well,
+boys! you have shut me out of my desk, so we must give up work
+for the day.&rdquo;&nbsp; He also, on these occasions, often
+brought with him a daughter, and the two carefully looked into
+the decorated desk, when they were rewarded by finding the nest
+and eggs of a &ldquo;feather-poke&rdquo; (long-tailed tit), or
+some other rare bird, which he always took home and preserved in
+his study, as a trophy till the following year.&nbsp; No
+questions were asked as to <i>how</i> the decorations were
+obtained, but in practice the process was as follows.&nbsp; On
+the day before, between school hours, certain of the younger boys
+were sent round the town to beg flowers, and then, later on,
+followed what, as we should have said, the present hypercritical
+generation would call, at the very least, &ldquo;dishonest
+pilfering.&rdquo;&nbsp; After retiring to rest, and when the
+final visit of the Assistant Master had been made to the
+dormitories, all became excitement; boots and caps had been
+carefully concealed under the beds.&nbsp; The elder boys were
+quickly re-clothed, booted and bonneted; and we crept down, by
+back stairs, to the kitchen, with the connivance of the cook and
+housekeeper; those good souls also providing some refreshment for
+us, to be taken either before we went out, or after we returned;
+and then, stealthily emerging by the back door, we separated into
+small companies of twos and threes; some re-visiting gardens in
+the town, and taking without permission further flowers; others
+going into the country; sometimes even taking a light cart from
+one yard and a pony or horse from another, and then visiting
+gardens or parks in the neighbourhood, and returning laden with
+branches of horse-chesnut flowers, pink may, &amp;c., which were
+quietly conveyed to the school; and by the appointed hour the
+work of decoration would be completed; and we, having returned to
+our dormitories, refreshed through the cook&rsquo;s kindness the
+inner man, and washed the outer, were ready to greet the good
+Doctor and his daughter on their arrival.&nbsp; The only
+difference between the decorations on the 24th and 29th was, that
+on the latter day oak leaves and acorns were a distinguishing
+feature, some of the sprays having been gilded on the previous
+day for presentation to the young lady.</p>
+<p>There was another great day called the
+&ldquo;Treasurer&rsquo;s holiday.&rdquo;&nbsp; Once a year the
+one of the Governors, who held that office, was entitled to ask
+the Head Master to give us a whole holiday, which he was always
+pleased to grant.&nbsp; The custom was for one of the senior boys
+to call upon, or write to, the Treasurer, usually after some
+period of extra hard scholastic work, asking him to exercise this
+privilege.&nbsp; The way in which these holidays were spent
+varied.&nbsp; Sometimes we had a &ldquo;Paper Chase,&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;Fox and Hounds.&rdquo;&nbsp; One boy was sent out as fox,
+sometimes accompanied by another boy, both carrying in bags a
+supply of paper, torn into small shreds, which formed the
+scent.&nbsp; In this sport the Doctor sometimes offered a reward
+of five shillings to the &ldquo;fox&rdquo; who should manage to
+elude his pursuers until he had reached the bank of the river
+Witham, a distance of about six miles, but increased to 10 or
+more miles <!-- page 103--><a name="page103"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 103</span>by the different ruses practised to
+escape capture; a similar reward being offered to the
+&ldquo;hound&rdquo; who should effect his capture after a run of
+a stipulated number of miles.</p>
+<p>Sometimes we had a picnic to the Tower-on-the-Moor, going
+there on foot, through &ldquo;the Wilderness,&rdquo; and other
+woods, and having our luncheon brought to the Tower in the
+carrier&rsquo;s cart, which passed daily on its way to Kirkstead
+wharf.&nbsp; This was usually a bird-nesting excursion.&nbsp;
+More than one of us accomplished the hazardous feat of climbing
+to the top of the tower, whence a fine view could be obtained, on
+a favourable day, across the Wash into Norfolk.&nbsp; On one of
+these occasions we extended our ramble to Kirkstead wharf, some
+adventurous spirits took forcible possession of the ferry boat,
+and carried over women returning home, with their marketings,
+free of charge.&nbsp; The owner of the boat was, however,
+compensated by our calling at his small hostel close by, and
+patronising his lemonade, bread and cheese.&nbsp; Sometimes the
+excursion was to Tattershall Castle, and if this was in the
+winter we skated there in the morning, along the canal, returning
+on our &ldquo;runners&rdquo; by moonlight; the Doctor being
+himself a good skater, encouraged it in his boys.&nbsp; On these
+occasions we sometimes amused ourselves on the return journey by
+firing pistols, to disturb the inhabitants of houses near the
+canal; when, if anyone put his head out of a bedroom window, some
+one of us would shout, &ldquo;your money or your life;&rdquo; the
+usual response being &ldquo;Go along, ye bulldogs,&rdquo; the
+name by which we were commonly known throughout the country
+side.</p>
+<p>On one of these return journeys, while skating in single file,
+we approached the third lock, and the boy in front forgetting
+that there would be no ice for a few yards below the lock,
+because the water there was kept in agitation by the stream
+always falling from the lock, suddenly found himself floundering
+in an icy cold bath, while himself in a state of great
+heat.&nbsp; The shock, and the fact that he was cumbered by his
+skates, made him almost helpless, and he would probably have been
+drowned, but that a fine fellow (I give his name, Edward Sharpe,
+for he has long ago put &ldquo;off this mortal coil&rdquo;), who
+was a great athlete, plunged in, skates and all, regardless of
+the risk, and like a Newfoundland dog, panting brought his friend
+to shore, with no worse effects than the drenching to both.&nbsp;
+And here I may say that one of the accomplishments specially
+encouraged by the Doctor was that of swimming; the very youngest
+were taught to swim by the Under Master, in a small pool in the
+river Bain, called &ldquo;Dead Man&rsquo;s Hole,&rdquo; about 100
+yards from the first lock of the canal.&nbsp; After gaining
+proficiency we bathed in the canal and lockpit itself.&nbsp; The
+Doctor gave a reward of 5/- to any boy who could dive across the
+canal, the same sum when he could swim 100 yards on his back.</p>
+<p>On one occasion a bully, among the bigger boys, threw a timid
+little fellow into the lockpit when full, saying &ldquo;Now,
+you&rsquo;ll learn to swim, or sink.&rdquo;&nbsp; The little
+fellow did sink, rose to the surface, and sank again; and would
+certainly have been drowned, but a shout from other indignant
+youngsters, looking helplessly on, brought the same Edward Sharpe
+to the rescue (he was bathing below the lock, not aware of what
+was going on), and he at once plunged into the lock, dived to the
+bottom (18 or 20 feet), and brought up the poor half-conscious
+boy, who would otherwise have perished.</p>
+<p>It may here be mentioned that the present writer once swam
+from the junction of the two branches of the canal (close to the
+present bathing place) to the first lock, then passed on and swam
+to the second, and so continuing, swam to the third lock, his
+clothes being carried by a school fellow who <!-- page 104--><a
+name="page104"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 104</span>accompanied
+him; this being a distance of some two miles, for this the Doctor
+rewarded him with 10/- and a whole holiday.&nbsp; He also, it may
+be added, as a reckless feat, when bathing, leapt stark naked
+across the first lock; a performance which the slightest slip
+might have made fatal.</p>
+<p>Many are the anecdotes which could be here told of our
+adventures; as of policemen or keepers eluded, or put off the
+scent, by various ruses, &amp;c., &amp;c., on our various
+marauding expeditions, but I will mention only two more
+incidents.</p>
+<p>From the same feelings of jealousy, doubtless, which produce
+the &ldquo;Town and Gown&rdquo; antagonism at the University,
+there was much ill-feeling among the lower class of boys in the
+town towards ourselves, and free fights occasionally occurred
+between them and the hated &ldquo;bull-dogs.&rdquo;&nbsp; At dusk
+stones were thrown at us, which it was difficult to avoid in the
+then badly lighted streets.&nbsp; Sudden sorties were made from
+alleys, to take us unawares, and send us sprawling on the
+coggles.&nbsp; Especially in snowy weather we were assailed with
+snowballs on our way from school to the Doctor&rsquo;s house, and
+although we stood shoulder to shoulder and made a spirited
+resistance, it not uncommonly occurred that these missiles were
+(doubtless purposely) made to contain a piece of ice, or even a
+sharp flint.&nbsp; In one of these skirmishes the writer himself
+was struck on the temple, his eye only just escaping, by a
+snowball, which a comrade picked up, on seeing that the wound was
+bleeding, and a fragment of glass was found inside it; this,
+surely, an extreme illustration of the principle that &ldquo;all
+is lawful in war.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>One great event, of yearly re-occurrence, was our bonfire with
+fireworks, on the 5th of November.&nbsp; Pocket money was hoarded
+up several weeks beforehand, to provide for the latter; some boys
+even made their own squibs and crackers, and these were
+considerably larger and more formidable than those which were
+bought.&nbsp; The scene was usually a field on Langton Hill,
+which belonged to the school.&nbsp; Subscriptions were raised to
+purchase 100 faggots, locally called &ldquo;kids;&rdquo; but here
+again our custom would, in strictness, have been condemned, for,
+in addition to the purchased fuel, for sometime beforehand, we
+had been searching the hedges around, armed with axes, and so had
+got together probably as much to which we had no right, as that
+which had been bought.&nbsp; The bonfire was thus doubled in
+size, and made a blaze which, on the hill, would be seen for many
+a mile.&nbsp; We had a whole holiday to give us time to pile up
+the heap; and in the evening parents and many other friends
+crowded to the field as spectators.&nbsp; Sometimes a lighted
+balloon or two, of varied colours, would be sent up, which were
+watched by the bright eyes of sisters and cousins, until they
+were lost in the distance.</p>
+<p>At length the conflagration was reduced to smouldering ashes,
+and all retired; but on our way back to the school house there
+were often rough doings, between the town boys and bull-dogs;
+free vent was given to spite, and a broken or bruised head, or
+body, might be the result; but we made no complaint; as loyal
+subjects we had done our duty in protesting against all such
+underhand doings as &ldquo;Gunpowder Plot;&rdquo; and, after a
+hearty supper, given by our kind Head Master, we enjoyed the
+rest, well earned by the exertions and trials of the day.</p>
+<p>We have now said enough of the school, its institutions and
+customs, under a regime which has passed away, doubtless never to
+return; <i>tempora mutantur</i>.</p>
+<p>Of the modern school we may here say that it is now doing
+useful work, <!-- page 105--><a name="page105"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 105</span>although with a different class of
+pupils to those above referred to; and in the near future, it is
+hoped, that further changes will give it a still higher position
+in educational work.&nbsp; Under Dr. A. G. Madge, who retired and
+accepted church preferment in 1907, the school was made to meet
+the requirements of the Oxford and Cambridge local examinations,
+the London University Matriculation, and the South Kensington
+Science and Art Departments.</p>
+<p>In late years boys from the school have filled posts in
+various parts of the world with credit.&nbsp; A considerable
+number have obtained clerkships in banks, or in the Civil
+Service; one boy, Richard Gordon Healey, passed 7th among more
+than a hundred candidates for the General Post Office service,
+London, and is now in the excise service.&nbsp; Another,
+Fairburn, is Assistant Inspector of Police at Singapore.&nbsp;
+Another, Isle, is a Civil Engineer, and has taken the B.Sc.
+degree.&nbsp; A summary of successes at the school, kindly
+supplied to the writer by Dr. Madge, shows that in the last seven
+years (1906) five boys have passed the London University
+Matriculation, 19 the Cambridge local examination, 34 the South
+Kensington examination, while four have qualified for the public
+Civil Service; a creditable result for a town of the size of
+Horncastle.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p105b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Seal of the Grammar School"
+title=
+"The Seal of the Grammar School"
+src="images/p105s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>A recent change has been the admission of pupil teachers to
+classes specially adapted to their requirements, and with this
+accession to the numbers receiving instruction, there are now
+more pupils in the school, male and female together, than at any
+period within the last 30 years.</p>
+<p>The latest changes, in the direction of progress, have been as
+follows: A new governing body has been created by the Board of
+Education, consisting of 13 members; the Lord of the Manor, the
+Honble. R. Stanhope, being <i>ex officio</i> one of them; eight
+representative Governors holding office for three years; two
+being appointed by the Lindsey County Council, three (one of them
+a female) by the Urban Council, two by the Guardians, one by the
+Justices of the Peace at the Lindsey Quarter Sessions.&nbsp;
+There are also four co-optative Governors (among them one female
+at least), appointed by the Governors for five years.&nbsp; It is
+further ordered that the Head Master need not be in Holy Orders;
+under which rule has been appointed the present Head Master, Mr.
+Arthur N. Worman, B.A., London, late Assistant Master at King
+Edward VII. Grammar School, King&rsquo;s Lynn, who was selected
+by the Governors from 150 candidates for the post.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 106--><a name="page106"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 106</span>Addendum I.</h3>
+<p>It will have been observed that we have so far adopted the
+prevalent nomenclature, and spoken of this school as an
+Elizabethan institution, founded in 1571.&nbsp; It must now be
+added that, venerable as that date of origin would make it, it
+has a higher claim to our veneration still.&nbsp; <i>Vixere
+fortes ante Agamemnona</i>.&nbsp; There were grammar schools
+before that date.&nbsp; Edward VI. is said to have established
+several, in various parts of the country, and we have already
+named two such in our own neighbourhood, viz., those of Spilsby
+and Louth; but it is now known that even these were, strictly
+speaking, revivals of still other institutions.&nbsp; It is now
+known that not a few of the charities, or public institutions,
+supposed to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth, were really of
+older date, but revived, confirmed, or augmented, under her wise
+rule.&nbsp; In a published account of the old grammar school of
+Giggleswick, Yorkshire, <a name="citation106a"></a><a
+href="#footnote106a" class="citation">[106a]</a> commonly reputed
+to be a foundation of Edward VI., is the following statement,
+&ldquo;a large number of schools bear the name of Ed. VI., who
+undoubtedly desired to strengthen the grammar school
+system.&nbsp; His good intentions were, however, frustrated by
+the Commissioners; and very few of the so-called Edward VI.
+grammar schools had their origin in his reign, being older
+foundations with a new name.&rdquo; <a name="citation106b"></a><a
+href="#footnote106b" class="citation">[106b]</a></p>
+<p>It seems certain that Horncastle Grammar School is an
+analogous case.&nbsp; Documents have recently been brought to
+light in the archives of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, which
+prove that, acting for the Chancellor (who was <i>ex officio</i>
+&ldquo;Magister Scholarum&rdquo;), during a temporary vacancy of
+that office, they appointed Masters to the grammar schools of
+Boston, Partney, Horncastle, and elsewhere, in the year 1329; the
+Horncastle Master, so appointed, being one John of
+Beverley.&nbsp; This mode of appointment being exceptional, was
+only to be valid for one year; but the Chancellorship continuing
+vacant, the Masters were confirmed in their positions by the Dean
+and Chapter, in the following year 1330, and again in 1331; and
+so on, in successive years. <a name="citation106c"></a><a
+href="#footnote106c" class="citation">[106c]</a></p>
+<p>Now this mode of appointment being only in lieu of appointment
+by the Chancellor, while his office was in abeyance, it follows
+that these schools were in existence, as public institutions
+under the Chancellor, before the dates named.&nbsp; Although,
+therefore, we are unable to fix the exact period of the
+school&rsquo;s existence, it may be satisfactory for
+Horncastrians to know that, in addition to the various
+interesting associations which we have already given as connected
+with the school, there is proof that before Shakespeare had
+composed one of his immortal plays, before Spenser had written a
+line of his <i>Faerie Queen</i>, before Bacon had even thought of
+his <i>Advancement of Learning</i>, there had existed a
+&ldquo;seat of learning&rdquo; in the small provincial town of
+Horncastle, which had then attained to the respectable age of
+more than two centuries.</p>
+<p><!-- page 107--><a name="page107"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+107</span>We have been accustomed to consider the foundation of
+William of Wykeham, at Winchester, in 1373, as one at least of
+our very oldest, but Horncastle Grammar School may even be of
+still earlier date than that.&nbsp; The oldest school of all is
+King&rsquo;s School, Canterbury, attributed to Archbishop
+Theodore, A.D. 670, but which may probably be traced to St.
+Augustine.&nbsp; St. Peter&rsquo;s School, York, is the next
+oldest.</p>
+<h3>Addendum II.</h3>
+<p>The Governors of the Grammar School are about to erect, in
+this year, 1908, new and more commodious premises for the school,
+in the grounds of what is now called &ldquo;The Chestnuts,&rdquo;
+near the west end of West Street.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 108--><a name="page108"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 108</span>CHAPTER VII.<br />
+WATSON&rsquo;S FREE SCHOOL.</h2>
+<p>Next in importance to the Grammar School, and prior to the
+existence of the two well appointed National Schools, Church and
+Wesleyan, possibly even of greater utility than at present, is
+Watson&rsquo;s Free Infant School; the founder of which placed it
+under the control of the Grammar School.</p>
+<p>The title deeds of this Institution are in the keeping of Mr.
+H. Tweed, Solicitor, who is Clerk to the Governors; and from
+these we gather the following particulars of its history.&nbsp;
+Richard Watson in the latter half of the 18th century was a
+resident in, and a native of, Horncastle, being the son of James
+Watson, who had made money by tanning, at that time a staple
+business in the town.&nbsp; Although engaged in trade he ranked
+with the resident gentry, his sister, Frances, marrying James
+Conington, Esq., belonging to a family of good position, not only
+in the town, but in the county; members of which have also
+distinguished themselves at the Universities, the name still
+surviving.&nbsp; She is referred to in an Indenture of date 22nd
+Sept., 25 George III. (1785), as &ldquo;Frances Conington, of
+Boston, widow, formerly Frances Watson, spinster, surviving
+sister and heir of Richard Watson, late of Horncastle, gent.,
+deceased, tanner, and his wife Elizabeth.&rdquo;&nbsp; By her
+marriage she had a son Francis Conington, who as nephew of
+Richard Watson, was the sole executor of his will and
+testament.&nbsp; The principal deed has the following external
+inscription: &ldquo;Title deeds of the school, signed, sealed and
+delivered, by Benjamin Handley (afterwards called &ldquo;of New
+Sleaford&rdquo;), <a name="citation108a"></a><a
+href="#footnote108a" class="citation">[108a]</a> in the presence
+of Williom Swallow, <a name="citation108b"></a><a
+href="#footnote108b" class="citation">[108b]</a> supervisor, and
+Abraham Hanson, of Horncastle.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><!-- page 109--><a name="page109"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+109</span>The following is the heading within, &ldquo;Sealed and
+delivered by Frances Conington, being first duly stamped, in the
+presence of Caleb Preston, and Bowlin Kelsey of
+Boston.&rdquo;&nbsp; This is further confirmed, as follows:
+&ldquo;Sealed and delivered by Frances Conington, in the presence
+of William Swallow, supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of
+Horncastle.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Then follows a &ldquo;Release of lands in Lincolnshire to
+found a school (dated 22nd Sept., 1785), inrolled in His
+Majesty&rsquo;s High Court of Chancery, the 8th day of March, in
+the year of our Lord 1786, being first duly stamped according to
+the tenor of the statutes made for that purpose.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+(Signed) Thomas Brigstock.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p109b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Market Place"
+title=
+"The Market Place"
+src="images/p109s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The seals attached to this are those of Frances Conington,
+James Conington and Benjamin Handley.&nbsp; There is a note in
+the margin that &ldquo;James Conington came before me this day,
+and acknowledged this to be his deed, and prayed the same might
+be inrolled in His Majesty&rsquo;s High Court of Chancery.&nbsp;
+Robert Chapman, Master in Chancery.&rdquo;&nbsp; Dated 6th March,
+1786.</p>
+<p>The actual terms of Richard Watson&rsquo;s will are these:
+&ldquo;I am very desirous of establishing a small school within
+the town of Horncastle, wherein the children of such poor
+persons, as the Governors of the Grammar School <!-- page
+110--><a name="page110"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+110</span>shall think objects of charity, may be taught to read,
+knit, spin, and plain needlework, or sewing.&nbsp; I do therefore
+hereby earnestly request, will, and direct, my nephew and
+executor, after my decease, by deed, conveyance (&amp;c.), to
+convey, and assure, to the said Governors, and their successors,
+for ever, all the lands situate in Croft, and all those
+messuages, cottages, or tenements, within the yards and pingle
+adjoining, situate in Far Street (now called West Street),
+Horncastle; and also that part of now inclosed arable, meadow,
+and pasture ground, lying in Wigtoft, containing 6 acres, 28
+perches, now in the occupation of my cousin, William Watson, with
+appurtenances, upon the Trusts following, viz.: (1) to keep the
+house (school) in good repair, and the residence (2) for the
+maintenance of a proper master or mistress, to be from time to
+time nominated by them, to teach such poor children,
+&amp;c.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>It is then added that &ldquo;the said Richard Watson dying on
+Sept. 30 (1784), the said Frances and James Conington, desirous
+to fulfil his bequest, agree to convey to the use of the said
+Governors, the said messuages, &amp;c.&rdquo;&nbsp; An Indenture
+is added, witnessing &ldquo;that on payment by Benjamin Handley
+of ten shillings to Frances and James Conington, they have
+granted, sold, and released&rdquo; the aforesaid property, and
+&ldquo;appointed by these presents from the day next before the
+date of the Indenture, all the said messuages, &amp;c., called by
+the name of the &lsquo;ffoal thing,&rsquo; <a
+name="citation110a"></a><a href="#footnote110a"
+class="citation">[110a]</a> and that plot commonly called
+&lsquo;Backside,&rsquo; the closes in Croft abutting on the
+highway, and lands near the old sea bank; and land called the
+&lsquo;bridge plot&rsquo; in Wigtoft (6 acres), assigned to
+Richard Watson, by the award of the Commissioners appointed by
+Parliament, in the 12th year of His Majesty, for enclosing common
+and open fields (No. 40 in award map), with houses, barns,
+curtilages, and woods, to be held by the Governors of the Grammar
+School, the reversions, rents, &amp;c., to the use of John
+Thorold (and the Governors), <a name="citation110b"></a><a
+href="#footnote110b" class="citation">[110b]</a> on trust, that
+the said Governors collect the rents, &amp;c., and apply them as
+shall be required, from time to time, for poor children; and
+shall have power to erect a new school house, or alter, enlarge,
+&amp;c., and to mortgage, &amp;c., in order to provide suitable
+(premises), spinning wheels, &amp;c., and to make rules for
+management, as shall to their judgment seem needed, agreeing with
+the said Benjamin Handley, and his heirs, &amp;c., subject in all
+things to the Court of Chancery at Westminster.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The present status of the school is as follows: The original
+premises are still in use, standing in a retired position, in
+&ldquo;Watson&rsquo;s Yard,&rdquo; about 50 yards from West
+Street; they consist of school buildings, play yard, and
+teacher&rsquo;s residence.&nbsp; In 1835 the school was enlarged
+and repaired.&nbsp; In 1895 it was further improved by the
+removal of bedrooms above, when it was opened up to the roof; at
+the same time a commodious classroom was added at the east
+end.&nbsp; Accommodation was thus provided for 120
+children.&nbsp; The increase in scholars necessitated an increase
+in the teaching staff, and the Head Teacher, Mrs. Robert
+Marshall, who was appointed in 1885, has, since these
+alterations, been assisted by an Under Mistress and two
+Monitors.</p>
+<p>The scholars are of both sexes, and between the ages of three
+years and seven.&nbsp; The school is conducted on Church of
+England principles, and <!-- page 111--><a
+name="page111"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 111</span>examined by
+both Diocesan and Government Inspectors; a Government Grant being
+earned to supplement the funds of the Watson bequest.&nbsp; The
+scholars are taught reading, writing and arithmetic, with the
+various kindergarten subjects.&nbsp; The Secretary to the
+Charity, H. Tweed, Esq., Solicitor, of Horncastle, pays half the
+rents to the Lincoln County Council, for teachers&rsquo;
+salaries, and retains the other half for repairs and incidental
+expenses.&nbsp; All the other tenements in Watson&rsquo;s Yard
+are the property of the Charity.</p>
+<h3>THE LANCASTERIAN &amp; THE BELL SCHOOLS.</h3>
+<p>Beside the endowed schools, already described, the Grammar
+School for the middle and upper class, and Watson&rsquo;s School
+for the children of the poorer classes; there were two other
+schools before the present National Schools came into existence,
+the history of which is of some interest.&nbsp; Weir, in his
+<i>History of Horncastle</i>, says &ldquo;a school, on the
+Lancasterian, or British system, was established at a public
+meeting, held in October, 1813; and, a few days later, a meeting
+was held at the church, when it was resolved to establish a
+school on the plan of Dr. Bell.&nbsp; Both buildings were erected
+in 1814, supported by voluntary contributions, each for about 200
+children.&rdquo; <a name="citation111"></a><a href="#footnote111"
+class="citation">[111]</a></p>
+<p>This needs some explanation.&nbsp; Dr. Andrew Bell was an East
+Indian Company&rsquo;s Chaplain, stationed at Fort St. George,
+Madras, in 1789.&nbsp; He noticed, in the course of his duties,
+that in the native schools, beside the regular paid teachers, the
+more advanced pupils were also employed to instruct younger
+scholars; each pupil thus having a tutor, and each tutor a pupil;
+a system by which both were enabled to learn faster, and led to
+take more interest in their work, than would otherwise have been
+generally possible.&nbsp; Being an enthusiast in educational
+matters, he resigned his chaplaincy, with its good stipend, to
+inaugurate, and himself carry on, a school for the children of
+Europeans in the Presidency, on the same principles.&nbsp; The
+result was so satisfactory that on his return to England, in
+1797, he published an account of what he called the
+&ldquo;Madras, or Monitorial System,&rdquo; and endeavoured to
+introduce it in this country.&nbsp; Little progress, however, was
+made for some time, beyond the establishment of a charity school,
+on these lines, at St. Botolph&rsquo;s, Aldgate, London, and a
+school at Kendal, Co. Cumberland.</p>
+<p>About the same date Joseph Lancaster, a young Quaker, set up a
+school for poor children, before he was 19 years of age, in a
+room lent to him by his father, in the Borough Road, Southwark,
+and in a very short time he had nearly 100 under his
+charge.&nbsp; He also adopted the monitorial method, but, as a
+Quaker, omitting the Church teaching of the Bell schools.&nbsp;
+Persevering in the work, he was received in audience by the King,
+George III., who gave him encouragement.&nbsp; He then travelled
+over the kingdom, giving lectures on the new mode of instruction;
+which in consequence spread with rapidity.&nbsp; In 1798 he
+taught about 1,000 boys, between the ages of 5 and 12 years, his
+sisters teaching some 200 girls.</p>
+<p>Objections were made to the indefinite character of the
+religious teaching of a Quaker, by Professor Marsh, and others,
+and the Bell schools, with their Church instruction, had by the
+year 1818 become numerous.&nbsp; The services of Dr. Bell
+himself, in the cause of education had been recognised, and
+rewarded by a Canonry of Westminster.&nbsp; By the year 1828
+upwards of 200,000 children <!-- page 112--><a
+name="page112"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 112</span>were being
+taught on his system, and at his death, a few years later, he
+bequeathed &pound;120,000 to carry on the work which he had so
+much at heart. <a name="citation112a"></a><a href="#footnote112a"
+class="citation">[112a]</a></p>
+<p>These two systems, the Lancasterian or unsectarian schools,
+and the Bell or church schools, continued to increase in number;
+there having been established in 1805 &ldquo;The Royal
+Lancasterian Institution,&rdquo; otherwise called &ldquo;The
+British and Foreign School Society,&rdquo; while the Bell system
+was represented by &ldquo;The Church of England National School
+Society.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The first Lancasterian or British School founded in
+Horncastle, in 1814, was located in premises adjoining the Wong,
+on the site afterwards occupied by the first Volunteer Drill
+Hall.&nbsp; It was afterwards transferred to what is now called
+Dog-Kennel Yard, occupying a building which had previously been a
+theatre, and which was partly fitted up with sittings removed
+from St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, giving accommodation for 200
+children.&nbsp; Neither in its internal structure, however, nor
+in its situation in an out-of-the-way back yard, was the former
+theatre well adapted for school purposes; and although the late
+Mr. Samuel Goe had in 1869 bequeathed a legacy to the school,
+which rendered it almost independent of annual subscriptions, the
+establishment of a much more commodious school by the Wesleyans,
+in Foundry Street in 1860, affected it unfavourably, the number
+of scholars gradually decreased, and it was finally closed in
+1876. <a name="citation112b"></a><a href="#footnote112b"
+class="citation">[112b]</a></p>
+<p>The Bell, or Church School, also built in 1814, and
+accommodating about 200 scholars of both sexes, formed the
+nucleus of the present Church National Schools.&nbsp; These two
+schools, the Lancasterian or British, and the Bell or Church
+School, are the only public elementary schools, named in the
+<i>Gazetteers</i> for many years, except the Watson Charity
+School, already described.</p>
+<p>Of the present Church National Schools, that for infants was
+erected in 1860, that for boys in 1872, at a cost of about
+&pound;1,000, the original building being now the girls&rsquo;
+school; the whole affording accommodation for 300 children.&nbsp;
+These were, a few years ago, taken over by the Lindsey County
+Council (in 1893), and are now under both Diocesan and Government
+Inspection. <a name="citation112c"></a><a href="#footnote112c"
+class="citation">[112c]</a></p>
+<h3>THE SCIENCE &amp; ART SCHOOL.</h3>
+<p>With the establishment of Technical Schools this country may
+be said to have entered on a new era, in national education,
+which, in its development, may lead to results, the importance of
+which can hardly yet be realized.&nbsp; The possibilities are
+almost unlimited.&nbsp; A wide-spread network has been created,
+which may bring even the humblest members of our artisan families
+within its deneficial meshes, while also working at intervals, as
+opportunities offer, in our remotest villages.</p>
+<p>This great movement, curiously, originated from dissension in
+Parliament, a remarkable illustration of the old adage,
+&ldquo;&rsquo;Tis an ill wind that blows no one any
+good.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the year 1890 the Chancellor of the
+Exchequer, in Lord <!-- page 113--><a name="page113"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 113</span>Salisbury&rsquo;s ministry, <a
+name="citation113a"></a><a href="#footnote113a"
+class="citation">[113a]</a> introduced what was called &ldquo;The
+Local Taxation (customs and excise) Bill,&rdquo; <a
+name="citation113b"></a><a href="#footnote113b"
+class="citation">[113b]</a> intended to empower County Councils
+to buy up the licences of superfluous public houses, and to
+compensate the publicans by grants of money.&nbsp; The funds for
+this purpose were not to be a charge upon the local rates, but to
+be provided by an increase of the duty on spirituous
+liquors.&nbsp; Strange to say, this measure was so persistently
+opposed by the temperance party, aided by others, who for the
+moment acted with them, that the proposed use of the money, thus
+raised, was at length abandoned, a considerable surplus, however,
+being thus at the Chancellor&rsquo;s disposal, after the
+reduction of several other taxes, the remainder was handed over
+to the County Councils, to be employed in the furtherance of
+technical education.&nbsp; The money thus set apart was called
+&ldquo;the ear-marked money,&rdquo; and the measure enacting it
+was, somewhat unworthily, termed &ldquo;The Whiskey
+Bill.&rdquo;&nbsp; Horncastle benefitted by a sum being placed to
+the credit of the local authorities for the establishment of a
+school of science and art; all such institutions in the county
+being under the general direction of the organizing secretary,
+Mr. S. Maudson Grant, residing in Lincoln.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p113b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Mary&rsquo;s Square"
+title=
+"St. Mary&rsquo;s Square"
+src="images/p113s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 114--><a name="page114"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+114</span>At first classes were held in the Masonic Hall, Bank
+Street; and in 1891 an efficient teacher, Mr. Mallet, was engaged
+to give commercial instruction in arithmetic, shorthand, &amp;c.,
+<a name="citation114a"></a><a href="#footnote114a"
+class="citation">[114a]</a> and he was very successful in getting
+pupils.&nbsp; In 1892 larger accommodation was required, and two
+rooms were rented, over what is now the Bicycle Depot of Mr.
+Sorfleet, at 14, East Street; and Mr. Switzer was engaged as
+teacher of science and art, at a salary of &pound;100 a year,
+being allowed further to augment his income by taking private
+pupils in certain other subjects.&nbsp; About the same time
+&pound;100 was spent on models, and other requisites; and by the
+close of 1892, Tetford, Wragby, and Woodhall Spa having been
+included in a general scheme for the district, it was found that
+the pupils attending the classes already numbered 219; of whom 76
+were under Mr. Mallet&rsquo;s instruction, 101 under Mr. Switzer,
+including 39 school teachers in the neighbourhood, attending on
+Saturdays; while 42 received special instruction from a qualified
+teacher in dressmaking.&nbsp; Operations were also, in the same
+year, extended to rural parishes, a meeting being held at
+Woodhall Spa, on Feb. 10, presided over by the Rev. T. Livesey,
+County Councillor, when a district embracing 20 parishes was
+formed; Mr. Livesey being <i>ex officio</i> Chairman of
+Committees, Canon J. Clare Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, appointed
+as acting Chairman, and the Rev. J. Conway Walter, Rector of
+Langton, Hon. Secretary.</p>
+<p>This was followed by other meetings at Horncastle, at which,
+in due course, plans were matured for both town and country
+classes in various subjects.&nbsp; On the death of Mr. T.
+Livesey, in 1894, Mr. Robert Searby, of Edlington, succeeded him
+as County Councillor, and took a great interest in the school;
+the late Mr. W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties Bank, was
+elected Chairman, and for several years he rendered most valuable
+service to the schools, being followed, on his decease in 1901,
+by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, Solicitor, who had previously acted as
+Treasurer.&nbsp; So far the whole scheme had been attended by the
+most marked success in all departments.</p>
+<p>In the year 1894 the numbers of pupils, and of the subjects
+taught, had further increased; and it became necessary again to
+move into more commodious premises.&nbsp; The large building in
+Queen Street, which had been erected by the late Mr. F. Stevens,
+of Gordon Villa, and was then occupied by Miss Morris, as a
+school for young ladies, was rented, having two large classrooms
+and a smaller one.</p>
+<p>Among the teachers who followed was Miss Annie Foster, who
+succeeded Mr. Switzer in July, 1895, and continued as head of the
+Institution for nearly six years.&nbsp; She was a most
+enthusiastic and energetic worker, and under her the schools
+attained the highest point of success, both as regards the number
+of pupils attending and the variety of subjects taught.&nbsp; The
+school at this time had attained to the highest degree of
+efficiency which it is ever likely to reach.&nbsp; Not only had
+Horncastle pupils taken more prizes than those of any other
+technical school in the Parts of Lindsey, but on the visit of the
+Government Inspector, Mr. Minton, at the prize-giving in
+September, 1896, he stated that the school occupied the third
+place in all England. <a name="citation114b"></a><a
+href="#footnote114b" class="citation">[114b]</a></p>
+<p>In the year 1899 again the Inspector, on his examination in
+October, reported its state as being &ldquo;very
+satisfactory,&rdquo; and in that year grants were earned of
+&pound;140 from the County Council, &pound;35 from South
+Kensington Science <!-- page 115--><a name="page115"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 115</span>and Art department, &pound;50 from
+the Whitehall department, &pound;12 from fees for science and art
+teaching, &pound;10 from the evening continuation classes, a
+total of &pound;247.&nbsp; Miss Foster was assisted by Miss M. E.
+Edgar.&nbsp; A former pupil, Mr. C. H. Stevens, a native of
+Horncastle, was also appointed Assistant Master, until he was
+promoted to take charge of a technical school at
+Folkestone.&nbsp; Mr. A. Blades, of the London University, Junior
+Master of the Grammar School, was for a time an Assistant.&nbsp;
+At the end of 1900 (Nov. 15) Miss Foster resigned, being promoted
+to the head teachership of the Camden School of Art, in
+London.&nbsp; Miss M. E. Edgar, who had been assistant teacher
+for several years, was at this date appointed Head Teacher, in
+the Science and Art department, Mr. C. W. Gott, of the Grammar
+School, B.A. of London University, becoming Head Master of the
+evening continuation school, and Mr. H. J. Haddock teacher of
+shorthand.</p>
+<p>It would not be possible, nor is it desirable, here to go into
+full details as to all the work done; but as, in future years, it
+may be interesting to have some record of the progress in the
+earlier days of this Institution, and as the writer of these
+pages has been closely connected with the school, from its first
+inception, a summary of the more important particulars is here
+given.</p>
+<p>In the spring of the year 1896, a course of public lectures,
+illustrated by lantern views, was given by himself, descriptive
+of his own travels in Egypt, which were attended by full
+audiences of junior pupils, and many adults.&nbsp; In 1897 he
+gave a similar series of lectures on his travels in Palestine,
+and these proving equally popular, a third supplementary course
+was given by him in 1898.</p>
+<p>In 1898 illustrated lectures were also given by the Rev. J. A.
+Penny, Vicar of Wispington, on &ldquo;The Abbeys and Castles of
+England,&rdquo; and as being very instructive on the subject of
+architecture, these were largely attended.&nbsp; They were
+followed by a course, which proved very interesting, given by Mr.
+R. W. Clitherow, the Treasurer, descriptive of a walking tour
+made by himself, among the scenery of the English lakes.&nbsp; He
+also gave an instructive lecture on Canada.</p>
+<p>In the spring of 1898 the Head Teacher, Miss Foster, gave a
+series of lectures on &ldquo;Physiography,&rdquo; being an
+account, the result of most careful study and practical
+investigation, of the various geological formations and fossils
+of the earth, illustrated by specimens largely of her own
+collecting. <a name="citation115"></a><a href="#footnote115"
+class="citation">[115]</a>&nbsp; These were very instructive, and
+attended by a fairly numerous class of pupils.</p>
+<p>Other valuable courses of lectures were given during this
+early period of the school&rsquo;s existence.&nbsp; In the autumn
+of 1896 Dr. R. McLay, of Horncastle, was engaged by the Committee
+to give lectures in the Masonic Hall, on &ldquo;First Aid to the
+Injured,&rdquo; under the St. John&rsquo;s Ambulance
+regulations.&nbsp; The pupils, numbering 25, were afterwards
+examined by Dr. G. M. Lowe, of Lincoln, when 23 of them passed as
+entitled to St. John&rsquo;s Ambulance Certificates.&nbsp; So
+much interest was shewn in these lectures (to which policemen
+were specially invited), that it was resolved, in the following
+year (1897), that the services of Dr. McLay should be secured for
+a repetition of them, with increased remuneration.&nbsp; They
+were again given in the autumn of that year (beginning Oct. 18),
+when 24 persons attended, of whom 16 presented themselves for
+examination, which was again held by Dr. Lowe, all of whom passed
+with credit, and gained <!-- page 116--><a
+name="page116"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 116</span>ambulance
+certificates.&nbsp; We give these particulars as shewing the
+value of the work done at this period.</p>
+<p>Similarly valuable instruction has been given in later years,
+but, with diminished funds available, and classes smaller, owing
+doubtless to the exhaustion in some degree of the stream of
+candidates for instruction, compared with its flush at the outset
+of the school&rsquo;s existence, fewer lectures on these extra
+subjects have been given; and instruction has been confined to
+more ordinary, but not less useful, work, in drawing, geometric
+and from models; modelling in clay, painting in water colours and
+oils, book-keeping, arithmetic, shorthand, French, and so
+forth.</p>
+<p>To show that the school has continued to do good work, we may
+state that on January 25, 1906, a meeting was held for the annual
+prize giving, when close upon 70 pupils, of both sexes (69),
+received rewards, several of them for success in four or five
+different subjects.&nbsp; For the year 1905&ndash;6 the school
+received a grant of &pound;100 from the County Council, &pound;25
+from the Horncastle Urban Council, and the fees of pupils paid
+about half the expenses.</p>
+<p>We now give a brief account of the more important of the work
+carried on during the same period in the country parishes.&nbsp;
+In March, 1892, the first &ldquo;pioneer&rdquo; lecture was given
+at Woodhall Spa, on Horticulture, by Mr. Horace Huntly, lately in
+charge of the Duke of Bedford&rsquo;s gardens at Woburn Abbey,
+Beds.&nbsp; This was well attended, and the instruction given was
+most useful, for the better cultivation of cottagers&rsquo;
+gardens.&nbsp; This was followed by a course of three lectures on
+the same subject, in March of the succeeding year.&nbsp; In April
+of the same year (1892), a series of six lectures were given at
+Stixwould and Horsington, by Miss Kenealy, of the National Health
+Society, on the subject of home nursing, and treatment in cases
+of accident, fevers, &amp;c.&nbsp; These also proved so
+instructive that she was engaged to repeat them in the summer of
+the following year; and they were given in eight different
+parishes, beginning with Langton on June 5th; the attendances
+being very large, in one case 70 being present.</p>
+<p>Mr. Robert Jalland, Surgeon, of Horncastle, also gave a
+lecture at Kirkby-on-Bain, in April of the same year, on the
+subject: &ldquo;How to secure healthy homes,&rdquo; which was
+very instructive and well attended, over 40 being present.&nbsp;
+In the autumn of that year a series of five lectures on Cookery
+were given by Mrs. Pierce, of the National Health Society, at
+four centres, Roughton, Thimbleby, Horsington, and Minting,
+beginning on Oct. 10th, and continued weekly.&nbsp; These were
+considered so instructive that the Secretary, having made notes
+of them, was requested to have 500 copies printed, for free
+distribution, which was done.</p>
+<p>In January of 1893 lectures on butter-making, with practical
+demonstrations, were given by Miss Carter, a professional teacher
+with certificate of the B.D.F.A., in nine parishes, from Jan.
+12th to 24th.&nbsp; Lessons in sheep shearing were given in May,
+at eight centres, Roughton, Kirkstead, Woodhall, Langton,
+Wispington, Stixwould, Bucknall, and Thimbleby, the teachers
+being Mr. S. Leggett of Moorhouses, Boston, and Mr. R. Sharpe of
+Horsington; prizes of &pound;1 and 10/- being given to the most
+proficient pupils.</p>
+<p>In 1894 lessons were given in hedge plashing, on Mr.
+Gaunt&rsquo;s farm at Waddingworth, in November, the teacher
+being Mr. H. Butler of Greetham, money prizes being given.&nbsp;
+Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr. Carter&rsquo;s farm
+at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of
+Hatton, money prizes being also given.</p>
+<p>In 1895 lectures on poultry keeping were given in February, by
+Mr. E. <!-- page 117--><a name="page117"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 117</span>Brown, F.L.S., and Mr. F. Parton, at
+five centres; and they also visited various farmyards in the
+neighbourhood to give practical advice; these lessons were well
+attended.&nbsp; Lessons in horse shoeing were given at
+Horncastle, for the neighbourhood, by Mr. J. B Gresswell,
+M.R.V.C., of Louth, in May and June, at which nine blacksmiths
+attended; certificates of the National Association of Farriers
+being awarded.&nbsp; Lessons on sheep shearing were given at
+Thimbleby, Kirkstead, and Bucknall, in June, the teacher being
+Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington.&nbsp; Dairy lessons on butter making
+and stilton cheese production were given by Miss Carter, at
+Woodhall Spa, Kirkby-on-Bain, Minting, and Reed&rsquo;s Beck, in
+October and November.&nbsp; Lessons in under-draining were given
+on Mr. F. W. Scott&rsquo;s farm, at Bucknall, in December, the
+teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton, and money prizes
+given.&nbsp; Two lectures on bee keeping were given at Woodhall
+Spa, in November, 1895, by Mr. W. J. Banks of the Grammar School,
+Wragby, which were well attended; the same gentleman also giving
+a practical demonstration of the same, by request, at the Manor
+House, Woodhall Spa, in August of the following year (1896).</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p117b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Bridge Street"
+title=
+"Bridge Street"
+src="images/p117s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>In 1896 Hedge Plashing lessons were given, in January, at
+Stixwould, Bucknall, and Horsington, the teacher being Mr. W.
+Scott of Hatton.&nbsp; The Head Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant,
+was present and said he was &ldquo;much <!-- page 118--><a
+name="page118"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 118</span>pleased
+with the work done.&rdquo;&nbsp; Lessons in stack thatching were
+given, in September, in the yards of Mr. H. N. Coates, of
+Langton, Mr. R. Roberts, of Thimbleby, and Mr. S. Harrison, of
+Roughton, to ten candidates, the teacher being Mr. Isaac Storey,
+of West Ashby.&nbsp; These extended over four days, and were
+pronounced by the General Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant, of
+Lincoln, to be &ldquo;highly satisfactory.&rdquo;&nbsp; In
+November lessons in under-draining were again given by Mr. W.
+Scott, of Hatton, on the farm of Mr. Joseph Clifton, of
+Horsington, to two classes of candidates, those over and those
+under 24 years of age, and were well attended.</p>
+<p>In 1897 hedge plashing lessons were given in February, on the
+farm of Mr. S. Harrison, of Roughton, also by Mr. W. Scott, on
+three days, to two classes, over and under 24 years of age, being
+also well attended; prizes of 25/-, 20/-, and 15/- being given to
+each class; and two extra prizes of 7/6.</p>
+<p>Poultry lectures were given, also in February, extending over
+six days, at Mr. Bates Leedale&rsquo;s farm, at Woodhall, and at
+Mr. W. H. Holmes&rsquo;, of Minting House, by Mr. W. Cook, the
+well-known chicken breeder, and originator of the breed named
+&ldquo;Orpingtons,&rdquo; of Orpington House, St. Mary Cray, Kent
+(since deceased).&nbsp; These lectures created the greatest
+interest; the audiences were crowded, at one lecture there being
+127 present; and as he visited many farmyards to give advice, and
+several farmers bought valuable chickens from him, his visit may
+be said to have materially improved the breed of fowls in the
+neighbourhood.</p>
+<p>In May of this year, 1897, it was decided at head-quarters to
+make a change in the process of operations.&nbsp; Hitherto
+instruction in the country parishes had been provided through the
+Committee of the Science and Art School, at Horncastle, but from
+this date each parish was to have its own Technical Education
+Committee, elected annually, with the other parish officials; and
+these were to apply direct to the Head Secretary, at Lincoln, for
+such instruction as they might think desirable, parishes uniting
+for this purpose if they chose to do so.&nbsp; More money than
+heretofore was now being expended on the Science and Art School
+in Lincoln, and the grants for the country lessons were now
+greatly reduced.&nbsp; Of this country instruction no record was
+henceforth kept at Horncastle, and no detailed account can
+therefore be given here; the lessons have been mainly confined to
+hedge plashing, ploughing, under-draining, and such other
+practical subjects as suited the farmer, or agricultural
+labourer.</p>
+<p>In conclusion it may be said that although it is yet too early
+to prophecy, it would seem that a great future lies before us in
+the development of education.&nbsp; Co-ordination of work between
+(as we have at Horncastle) the endowed Infant School, the
+National Schools, Technical Schools, and the
+&ldquo;secondary&rdquo; Grammar School, with higher-grade
+colleges, should furnish a kind of educational ladder, by which
+the child of the artizan, or rustic, may rise from the humblest
+position to the highest, if he has the ability, and the will, to
+avail himself of the opportunities thus placed within his
+reach.&nbsp; It is hardly too much to say that the result may
+well be, that in the keen rivalry of nations, which characterizes
+the present age, England should thus be enabled to more than hold
+her own in the struggle of industrial life.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 119--><a name="page119"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 119</span>CHAPTER VIII.<br />
+THE DISPENSARY</h2>
+<p>May well be said to be the most important charity in the town,
+not only from the valuable services which it has, through many
+years, rendered to the suffering poor, but because it was a
+pioneer institution of its kind; while the area of its usefulness
+has probably been more extensive than that of any similar charity
+in the county.</p>
+<p>Dispensaries were established at Louth in the year 1803, at
+Lincoln in 1826, at Grantham in 1838, at Boston in 1852, at
+Market Rasen in 1857; but Horncastle was in advance of the
+earliest of these by more than a dozen years.&nbsp; Further, the
+records of the charity shew, that, in the early years of its
+existence, patients were here treated from places so distant as
+Spilsby, Friskney, Wainfleet, Trusthorpe, Theddlethorpe, Alford,
+Fotherby, Marsh Chapel, Saltfleetby, Boston, Lincoln, Sleaford,
+Grantham, and even beyond the county, from Loughborough, Hull,
+and Beverley.</p>
+<p>This, it may be explained, was mainly due to the fact that it
+was virtually the creation of a man who was, in many matters, in
+advance of his time, that great public benefactor, Sir Joseph
+Banks, Bart., of Revesby Abbey, who held the Manor of Horncastle,
+and took the greatest interest in the welfare of the town and
+neighbourhood.</p>
+<p>At a preliminary meeting held at the Bull Inn, Horncastle, on
+Wednesday, Oct., 28, 1789, it was resolved, apparently on his
+initiative, to establish a dispensary; and this took formal shape
+on Dec. 3rd following, when the governing body was elected,
+consisting of Sir Jos. Banks, President, with Vice-Presidents the
+Honble. Lewis Dymoke, King&rsquo;s Champion, Thomas Coltman,
+Esq., William Elmhirst, Esq., Treasurer, and Richard Clitherow,
+Gent., legal adviser; the Honorary Physicians being Edmund
+Laycock, M.D., and Edward Harrison, M.D., with Mr. John Chislett
+as Surgeon and Apothecary.</p>
+<p><!-- page 120--><a name="page120"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+120</span>A code of rules was drawn up, which, with occasional
+revisions, to suit changing circumstances, remain substantially
+the same to the present day.&nbsp; A donation of 10 guineas
+constituted a life Governor, a legacy of the like amount gave the
+trustee paying it the same privilege.&nbsp; An annual
+subscription of one guinea made the subscriber a Governor during
+the year.&nbsp; Church or chapel collections of two guineas
+secured governorship for the year to the minister, and an
+additional Governor for each two guineas so collected.&nbsp; The
+officials were to be a President, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer,
+elected annually at a special meeting of the Governors.&nbsp;
+Other regulations, as to patients and their attendance, numbered
+between 40 and 50.</p>
+<p>The institution was to be open on Tuesdays and Saturdays from
+11 a.m. till noon, when the medical officers would prescribe for
+patients, attending with a governor&rsquo;s nomination.&nbsp;
+Those unable to attend should be visited at their homes.&nbsp; As
+a small practical beginning the wooden framework of a shop was
+bought at Wainfleet, for the small sum of 5/5; and drugs were
+ordered from the firm of Wallis &amp; Stockton, of York; and a
+further supply obtained from Messrs. Skeen &amp; Peale, of
+London.</p>
+<p>The first building, which was used from 1789 till 1867, was
+No. 2 on the south side of St. Mary&rsquo;s Churchyard, being
+rented for the sum of five guineas a year, until it was purchased
+in Feb., 1810, for the institution, jointly by Dr. Harrison and
+the Rev. John Fretwell, <a name="citation120a"></a><a
+href="#footnote120a" class="citation">[120a]</a> for &pound;111
+2s. 8d., the conveyance being effected by Mr. Clitherow at a
+charge of &pound;13 15s. 8d.&nbsp; Improvements were made in this
+building, at a cost of &pound;13 5s., in 1812, and of &pound;27
+15s. 7d. in 1821.</p>
+<p>Of the first physicians, Dr. Laycock resigned office in his
+first year, on Sept. 29th, 1790; but Dr. Harrison continued his
+duties for many years, only retiring on Oct. 11th, 1821, shortly
+before his death.&nbsp; Although that gentleman carried on a
+private asylum, for patients mentally affected, at his own
+residence in West Street, <a name="citation120b"></a><a
+href="#footnote120b" class="citation">[120b]</a> he took a great
+interest in the Dispensary, and was indefatigable in his
+attendances, often at his own inconvenience.&nbsp; Moreover his
+pecuniary assistance was not small; as, besides sharing in the
+purchase of the premises in St. Mary&rsquo;s Churchyard, the
+accounts shew that in 1820 he paid &pound;27, and in the
+following year &pound;19 14s. 4d., for Dispensary expenses, which
+sums were afterwards repaid to him by the Governors; and (as will
+be shewn hereafter) he bequeathed at his death &pound;100 to the
+funds.&nbsp; A vote of thanks was passed to him at the annual
+meeting of the Governors in September of 1821, for a further gift
+of &pound;21, with the expression of their regret that his
+valuable services could no longer be given.&nbsp; Associated with
+Dr. Harrison, in dispensary work, was Dr. Fawssett, appointed on
+the resignation of Dr. Laycock, who loyally co-operated with that
+gentleman for 33 years, and only survived him two years, dying on
+Oct. 16th. 1823.</p>
+<p>Since that time almost all the medical men of the town have,
+in their <!-- page 121--><a name="page121"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 121</span>turns, rendered useful service to
+the Dispensary.&nbsp; It would be invidious to single out any of
+these as being more capable, or more devoted to the work, than
+others; but we may mention one exceptional case, which all will
+recognize.&nbsp; From an early period medical pupils were allowed
+to visit the Dispensary, in order to study special cases, and the
+treatment they received from qualified practitioners.&nbsp; Among
+these was a young man, Mr. E. P. Charlesworth, who virtually here
+received the early part of his medical education.&nbsp; He
+afterwards, for some years, practised in Horncastle; and in Dec.,
+1807, a resolution of the Governors was passed, conveying to him
+their warm thanks for his generosity in relieving poor patients,
+often at his own expense, and for his readiness to receive them,
+for consultation, at his own residence, and to make up drugs for
+them at all hours.&nbsp; He subsequently removed to Lincoln, and
+became a noted physician, whose reputation extended considerably
+beyond the county.&nbsp; During 33 years he was one of the most
+active medical advisers and patrons of the Lincoln Lunatic
+Asylum; and, after his death in 1853, a statue of him, in white
+marble, was erected in the grounds of that institution.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p121b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"High Street"
+title=
+"High Street"
+src="images/p121s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>All these medical attendants at the Dispensary gave their
+services gratuitously until, at a general meeting, held on April
+23rd, 1878, a resolution was passed, that henceforth the two
+doctors should each be paid &pound;30 a year, which has been the
+rule ever since.&nbsp; At that date the late Dr A. E. Boulton
+resigned, and Mr. Robert Jalland and Dr. Haddon were the first to
+receive this well-merited remuneration, attending to their duties
+in alternate months.</p>
+<p>Scattered about the minute books of the institution are
+various notes, of some interest, from which we here give a
+selection.&nbsp; On Feb. 23rd, 1790, the Rev. John Fretwell,
+&ldquo;sensible of the distresses of the sick poor, gave one and
+a half guineas from the communion money, to be laid out in salop
+sago and <!-- page 122--><a name="page122"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 122</span>Bowen&rsquo;s sago powder, to be
+distributed at the discretion of the faculty.&rdquo;&nbsp; Nov.
+27th, 1790, cases of small pox having occurred in the town, it
+was resolved to inoculate all poor persons, free of charge; and
+thereafter many names are given of those who underwent the
+operation.&nbsp; With this we may compare the following entry as
+indicating the progress of medical science during 12 years.&nbsp;
+June 8th, 1802, an epidemic of small pox having occurred, and
+&ldquo;inoculation becoming general, the Governors recommend
+vaccination.&rdquo;&nbsp; A statement was printed for
+circulation, that in 100,000 cases of vaccination, not one death
+had ensued; that it was now practised in all parts of the world,
+and favourably received, and that the National Institution of
+France had pronounced it to be the greatest discovery of the last
+century. <a name="citation122"></a><a href="#footnote122"
+class="citation">[122]</a></p>
+<p>Feb. 4th, 1792, has an entry, in no way bearing upon
+dispensary work, but interesting as a memento of an old mode of
+conveyance.&nbsp; The proprietors of the sedan chair asked
+permission for it to be kept at the Dispensary, for which they
+were willing to pay one guinea annually; and this was agreed to
+at the next meeting of the Governors.&nbsp; This chair was let
+out to convey ladies to evening parties in the town.&nbsp; It was
+borne by two men, and was in use within living memory, as late as
+&ldquo;in the sixties.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>April 21st, 1792.&nbsp; A gift of apparatus for the recovery
+of drowned persons, with a drag, was received from the Royal
+Humane Society of London.&nbsp; A water bed was afterwards
+purchased, which was let out for a small fee to poor patients,
+temporarily bed-ridden.</p>
+<p>On Nov. 28th, 1809, at a special meeting of the Governors, the
+usefulness of the Dispensary was further extended by the
+appointment of a midwife, to attend upon poor women in labor,
+both in town and country, being paid from the funds of the
+charity, a fee of 3/6 for each case; and from the year 1810 to
+1829, inclusive, Mrs. Elizabeth Southwell is mentioned, from time
+to time, as acting in that capacity.&nbsp; In the years 1829, 30
+and 31, owing to the increase in the number of patients, special
+appeals were made to the landowners of the district for increased
+support.</p>
+<p>In July, 1834, a resolution was passed that doctors attending
+patients at the Dispensary, might introduce pupils, to study
+cases under their treatment; and, in one case, a lady applied for
+permission to attend a course of instruction, in order that she
+might be enabled to assist her husband in making up
+medicines.&nbsp; From 1840 to 1894 drugs were supplied by Messrs.
+Herring &amp; Co., of London, but since that they have been
+supplied by local chemists, who are subscribers.</p>
+<p>In the autumn of 1840 there was an epidemic of scarlatina, and
+of the 237 patients on the books, 50 were suffering from that
+complaint.&nbsp; In consequence of the additional work thus
+caused, the salary of the dispenser was raised from &pound;40 to
+&pound;60 a year.</p>
+<p>Again, with regard to a new source of income, among early
+notices we find the following: that on Sept. 29th, 1790, the
+first anniversary of the Dispensary&rsquo;s formation, a sermon
+was preached, on its behalf, at a service in the parish church,
+by the Rev. John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby, and Chaplain to
+his grace the Duke of St. Albans.&nbsp; This became an annual
+observance, and has continued so ever since, the preachers being
+selected with special care, and often from a considerable
+distance.&nbsp; For instance, at the following anniversary, <!--
+page 123--><a name="page123"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+123</span>in 1791, the Rev. Everard Duckworth, LL.D., Prebendary
+of Canterbury, was invited to preach, and he being unable to
+undertake that office, the Rev. Peter Bulmer, Vicar of Thorpe,
+officiated in his stead.&nbsp; Among other preachers named we
+find the Rev. Basil Beridge, well-known for his works of charity,
+Rector of Algarkirk, near Boston; the Rev. W. Goodenough,
+Archdeacon of Carlisle; the Rev. E. R. Mantell, Vicar of Louth,
+and other prominent clergy of the county.</p>
+<p>How widely the institution was appreciated is shewn by the
+number of leading persons who gave it their patronage.&nbsp; Sir
+Joseph Banks was its warmest supporter, through life, regularly
+attending the committee meetings, either as a Governor or
+President, until his decease, June 19, 1820; and his example
+brought to the meetings members of the Chaplin, Massingberd, and
+Heneage families, Lord Yarborough, and others, at no small
+inconvenience, from considerable distances.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p123b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Bull Ring"
+title=
+"The Bull Ring"
+src="images/p123s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Among other Presidents have been the widowed Lady Banks; Lord
+Yarborough, on several occasions; the Honble. and Rev. John
+Dymoke; to whom succeeded the Honble. Henry, afterwards Sir Henry
+Dymoke, Bart.; Lord Worsley; the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.;
+J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.&nbsp; After the death of Mr. Stanhope,
+Jan. 18th, 1904, it was resolved, at a special meeting of the
+Governors, Jan. 28th, that the Secretary should record, among the
+minutes, their regret at his death, and their high appreciation
+of his <!-- page 124--><a name="page124"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 124</span>long and generous support.&nbsp; The
+chairman was requested to send a copy of this to the Honble. Mrs.
+Stanhope; and at a meeting held on March 31st, following, a very
+kind letter in reply was read from Mrs. Stanhope, promising her
+support in the future, in lieu of that of the deceased
+gentleman.&nbsp; The chairman was again requested to convey to
+her the thanks of the Governors, and Mrs. Stanhope was elected
+and continued to be President until her death, October 25th,
+1907.</p>
+<p>Among Vice-Presidents have been two Earls Fortescue (father
+and son); Lord Worsley: Sir Joseph Hawley, Bart.; J. Hassard
+Short, Esq.; Earl Manvers; C. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq.; General
+Sir E. Brackenbury, Knight of Hanover; J. Lewis Ffytche, Esq.;
+Capt. Dallas York, Lord Willoughby d&rsquo;Eresby; Sir H. M.
+Hawley, Bart.</p>
+<p>For many years a ball was given in aid of the funds, in the
+Assembly Room, Bull Hotel, Horncastle, which (with the exception
+perhaps of the &ldquo;stuff&rdquo; ball at Lincoln) was the most
+fashionably attended of any such gathering in the county.&nbsp;
+Among the stewards of this ball we find the names of G. M.
+Alington, Esq., of Swinhope Hall; Joseph Livesey, Esq., Stourton
+Hall; C. Waldo Sibthorpe, Esq., Canwick Hall; G. F. W. Sibthorpe,
+Esq.; Col. Sibthorpe, M.P.; the Right Honble. C. T.
+d&rsquo;Egremont, M.P.; E. Heneage, Esq., M.P.; Capt. Mansell, of
+Well Hall; G. B. Langton, Esq., of Langton Hall; J. Banks
+Stanhope, M.P.; Sir Montague Cholmondly, Bart.; Sir Charles H. J.
+Anderson, of Lea, Bart.; Sir William Ingilby, Bart., Ripley
+Castle, Yorks; Lord Yarborough; H. Handley, M.P., Sleaford; Lord
+Amelius Beauclerk; Capt. Boucherett, North Willingham Hall;
+Honble. Capt. Monson; Capt. Lionel Dymoke.</p>
+<p>Among the lady patronesses were Lady Worsley, the Duchess of
+St. Albans, Lady Mary Christopher, Mrs. G. W. Sibthorpe, Lady
+Anderson, Mrs. Livesey, Lady Nelthorpe, Lady Dymoke, Lady Albinia
+Pye.</p>
+<p>These balls were discontinued, to the general regret, and to
+the loss of the dispensary, after the year 1871; and to make up
+for the loss Mr. J. Banks Stanhope in that year presented the
+institution with a cheque for &pound;20.</p>
+<p>We close this list of officials, with a brief account of the
+dispensers, on whom the efficiency of the institution largely
+depended.&nbsp; They were usually qualified chemists, or surgeons
+and apothecaries; and generally also acted as secretaries.&nbsp;
+The first of these we have already named, Mr. John Chislett, to
+him succeeded Mr. Lewis Bilton, secretary and compositor,
+1793&ndash;1799; L. Barton, compositor, 1799&ndash;1801; G. Lunn,
+compositor, 1801&ndash;1807; John Lenton, compositor,
+1807&ndash;1809; William Morley, compositor, 1809&ndash;1810;
+Thomas Taylor, surgeon apothecary, compositor, 1811&ndash;1826;
+Thomas Snaith, Surgeon, 1826&ndash;1834; William Ward, surgeon
+and apothecary, 1834&ndash;1839; W. Shepherd, 1839&ndash;1840 (ad
+interim); Francis Macarthur, <a name="citation124"></a><a
+href="#footnote124" class="citation">[124]</a> dispenser,
+1840&ndash;1865; William Caunt, dispenser, 1865&ndash;75; William
+Betts, Chemist and Druggist, 1875, Lady-day; elected secretary
+Nov. 2nd, 1882; his services have extended over a longer period
+than those of any previous dispenser.</p>
+<p>On the death of the Champion, Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., April
+28th, 1865, the Governors resolved to erect a new dispensary, as
+a memorial of his long connection with the charity.&nbsp;
+Circulars were issued inviting subscriptions, and, among other
+donors, Robert Vyner, Esq., of Gautby Hall, gave &pound;200; <!--
+page 125--><a name="page125"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+125</span>the site of 52, North Street, was purchased, and the
+present building was erected in 1866.&nbsp; In 1867 the old house
+in the churchyard was sold for &pound;142 11s. 4d., and the new
+premises were occupied in the autumn of that year.&nbsp; It was
+built from the designs of Messrs. Bellamy &amp; Hardy,
+Architects, of Lincoln, the contractor for the work being Mr.
+Robert Carter, Builder, of North Street, Horncastle.&nbsp; The
+original contract was for &pound;765, but the ultimate cost, with
+furniture, lawyer&rsquo;s expenses, &amp;c., amounted to
+&pound;1,026 10s. 11d.&nbsp; It is subject to a ground rent of
+&pound;1 to the Stanhope estate.</p>
+<p>Of late years the support, by subscriptions, has on several
+occasions been inadequate.&nbsp; In January, 1899, there being a
+deficit of &pound;70, the late Mr. J. Banks Stanhope gave the
+Governors a cheque for that amount.&nbsp; In the year 1905, there
+being again a serious deficit, application was made to the
+trustees of the Hurstcroft and Snowden charity, and they
+contributed &pound;20 on condition that 25 poor children should
+receive medical treatment free of charge.&nbsp; A further sum of
+&pound;53 14s. remaining as a surplus, in the hands of the Soup
+Kitchen Committee, was also given to the funds.&nbsp; Canon
+Quarrington, formerly Vicar of Horncastle, also contributed
+&pound;20; and other donations made up a relief fund of
+&pound;106 (see Report for the year).&nbsp; The debt was thus
+wiped out, but death having carried off many former subscribers,
+increased support will be needed in the future.</p>
+<p>Legacies have been bequeathed to the institution by various
+persons, at different times, as follows: Dr. Harrison, by will
+dated Feb. 5th, 1820, left &pound;100; the late H. J. Fielding,
+Esq., who died Aug. 10th, 1879, left by will &pound;100; in 1884
+the late Mr. T. Garfit bequeathed &pound;100; ten &pound;10
+shares in the railway were bequeathed by Mrs. Fox Marshall in
+1897; &pound;100 was bequeathed by Mr. J. W. Hart, of Tetford, in
+1900; Mr. John Bancroft left &pound;50 in 1905; &pound;357 were
+invested in Consols and &pound;200 in railway shares, in 1899; a
+portion of this was sold in 1902, and &pound;300 were invested in
+the Corn Exchange; the Dispensary premises were also insured for
+&pound;800, instead of &pound;600, in the County Fire Office, in
+1902.</p>
+<p>It will thus be seen that although the operations of the
+institution no longer embrace the extended area of the early
+years of its existence, it is still doing a most valuable work in
+the alleviation of suffering among the poor and needy, in both
+town and country for many miles round, and is thoroughly
+deserving of the increased support, which is required, to
+continue its efficiency.&nbsp; We trust that this will be
+recognized by the land owners and others, and that such
+assistance will be forthcoming.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 126--><a name="page126"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 126</span>CHAPTER IX.<br />
+THE CANAL.</h2>
+<p>The Horncastle Canal, connecting for commerce the town with
+the river Witham, and so with Lincoln, Boston, and the sea,
+though now a derelict, was formerly of much value.&nbsp; Its
+history is here given from its earliest inception.</p>
+<p>Horncastle having been for some centuries the chief market of
+an important agricultural district, an association was formed
+towards the close of the 18th century, with the title &ldquo;The
+Company of Proprietors of Horncastle Navigation, in the County of
+Lincoln.&rdquo;&nbsp; This was, in the year 1792, incorporated by
+an Act of Parliament, which gave a list of the names of the
+original members, and secured to them, and to their successors,
+perpetual possession of the same, and a common seal.&nbsp; The
+canal was to be 11 miles long, extending from the junction of the
+two rivers, Bain and Waring, which traverse the town and meet at
+the point where now stands the public swimming bath, to the
+Witham at Tattershall; and passing through the parishes of
+Thornton, Martin, Dalderby, Roughton, Haltham, Kirkby, Coningsby,
+and Tattershall.</p>
+<p>The company had at first a capital of &pound;15,000 in
+&pound;50 shares, no member being allowed to hold less than one
+share or more than 20.&nbsp; The surveyors for the undertaking
+were Messrs. Robert Stickney and Samuel Dickinson.</p>
+<p>When about two-thirds of the work was completed this capital
+was exhausted; and in the year 1800 a second Act of Parliament
+was obtained, which authorised the raising of a supplementary sum
+of &pound;20,000 in shares of &pound;50; additional members being
+enrolled, and mortgages raised on the tolls.&nbsp; The whole
+profits of the concern, for several years, were absorbed in
+paying off the debt thus contracted, so that no dividend accrued
+for the shareholders until the year 1813.&nbsp; The channel, from
+Horncastle to Dalderby, was an entirely new cut, the rest being
+the river Bain deepened and straightened in its course.&nbsp; It
+was adapted for the passage of vessels of 50 tons burden; and in
+the whole length of 11 miles there was a fall of 84 feet.</p>
+<p><!-- page 127--><a name="page127"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+127</span>The original rate of charges was 2/- per ton for the
+whole length of the canal, 1/9 to the seventh lock, and 1/3 to
+the fourth lock; vessels laden with lime, manure, or material for
+roads, were granted free passage. <a name="citation127"></a><a
+href="#footnote127" class="citation">[127]</a>&nbsp; By the
+second Act of Parliament, in 1800, the charges were raised to 3/3
+per ton for the whole length of the canal, 2/7 to the seventh
+lock, and 1/6 to the fourth lock; lime, manure, and road material
+being exempted, as before.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p127b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Canal"
+title=
+"The Canal"
+src="images/p127s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The whole structure was completed in the autumn of 1802, and
+the canal was formally opened on Friday, Sept. 17th of that
+year.&nbsp; The occasion was observed as a general holiday by the
+towns-folk.&nbsp; At one o&rsquo;clock the boats the Betsy of
+Horncastle, and the Martha of Dalderby, the property of Messrs.
+Gilliat &amp; Wilson, and the British Queen, owned by Mr. Boyers,
+were hauled into the two basins of the canal, elaborately
+decorated with colours, amid the cheers of spectators, who are
+said to have numbered more than 2,000.&nbsp; The vessels having
+been brought to, several salutes were fired, and a band of music,
+on the pleasure boat of Mr. Lane, played &ldquo;God save the
+King,&rdquo; &ldquo;Rule Britannia,&rdquo; &ldquo;Hearts of
+Oak,&rdquo; &amp;c.&nbsp; Having traversed some distance on the
+<!-- page 128--><a name="page128"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+128</span>canal the company afterwards landed at the wharfs on
+the two branches, and a large number of the shareholders partook
+of a festive repast at the Greyhound Inn, East Street, near the
+south basin.&nbsp; The navvies and other workmen who had been
+employed in the construction of the canal, were also regaled on
+the boats, and afterwards feasted at the Greyhound.</p>
+<p>In following years an excursion was made annually by the
+Directors, conveyed down the canal, in a fine barge, which was
+their own property, named &ldquo;The Lady Banks,&rdquo; in order
+to inspect its condition; and this was followed by a public
+dinner at the Bull Hotel, which continued to be an established
+institution during the period of the canal&rsquo;s
+prosperity.</p>
+<p>The shares quickly rose considerably in value; a great number
+of barges came to the town, and it was no uncommon occurrence to
+see the whole distance from the South bridge to the Bow bridge
+packed closely with heavily laden vessels, carrying coals, grain,
+or other merchandise.&nbsp; In 1836 it was computed that about
+30,000 quarters of wheat, and 3,000 packs of wool, passed through
+the canal annually; and in 1850 the profits of the traffic
+amounted to about &pound;2,000 a year.</p>
+<p>Consequent on the opening of the railway in August, 1855, the
+canal, as a means of goods conveyance, gradually became disused,
+until, of late years, it has become worse than a mere derelict,
+since it forms an obstruction to the free passage of the water
+brought down by the two rivers, and after heavy rain it has led
+to temporary inundations of the town, to the great inconvenience
+of those residing near it, as well as interfering, as might in
+some circumstances be serious, with the sanitary
+arrangements.</p>
+<p>A few years ago an attempt was made to restore the canal
+traffic, but the railway monopoly had become too thoroughly
+established, and the project failed; yet the competition, could
+it have been maintained, might have had a salutary effect upon
+the cost of railway conveyance, to the advantage of the general
+public.</p>
+<p>Our canals, it should be remembered, are a time-honoured
+institution; the Lincolnshire Cardyke and Fossdyke date from the
+period of the Roman occupation of this country.&nbsp; The Magna
+Charta of the early 13th century took cognizance, not only of the
+roads, called &ldquo;The King&rsquo;s Highway,&rdquo; but also of
+inland navigation, under the term &ldquo;Haut streames de le
+Roy.&rdquo;&nbsp; The latter half of the 18th century was
+remarkable for great achievements as regards internal waterways,
+notably in the Bridgewater Canal, and the Grand Junction Canal of
+London; and to this period, as we have seen, the Horncastle Canal
+belongs.</p>
+<p>In this twentieth century, again, notwithstanding the great
+railway facilities, there is a wide-spread movement in favour of
+extended water traffic, headed by the very successful Suez Canal;
+with a prospect of the sister channel of Panama.&nbsp; Berlin is
+said to owe its prosperity largely to its well-organized system,
+connecting the rivers Oder, Elbe, Spree, &amp;c., which have an
+annual traffic of some million and half tons.&nbsp; Our own
+Manchester Ship Canal is another instance; the most recent case
+being fresh developments of the Aire and Calder Navigation, in
+South Yorkshire.&nbsp; The canals, too, which have been recently
+constructed in India, are yielding, by the latest reports, <a
+name="citation128"></a><a href="#footnote128"
+class="citation">[128]</a> a handsome revenue to the Government,
+as well as greatly benefiting the native population.</p>
+<p><!-- page 129--><a name="page129"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+129</span>It is acknowledged that a more general use of
+waterways, throughout the kingdom for the cheaper transport of
+our heavier and more bulky produce, would be a national boon; and
+a Royal Commission was engaged in considering the subject of the
+acquisition of all canals as Government property. <a
+name="citation129a"></a><a href="#footnote129a"
+class="citation">[129a]</a></p>
+<p>It is now being more and more recognised that, on the
+establishment of railways, everyone jumped too hastily to the
+conclusion that the days of canals were over; whereas, in truth,
+there is still a large field, probably an increasing field, for
+the cheaper traffic in heavy goods, which canals can provide
+for.&nbsp; The Belgian town of Bruges, though situated several
+miles inland, is now to be converted into a port by the
+government of that country, through the creation of a canal,
+which is expected to increase the prosperity of that city.&nbsp;
+Similarly it is suggested that our own town of Nottingham could
+be made a great inland port, if water carriage were provided; and
+Sir John Turney, before the Royal Commission, has recently (July,
+1907) stated that the trade of that town might thus be greatly
+increased.&nbsp; These, be it remembered, are not isolated
+cases.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p129b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"On the Canal"
+title=
+"On the Canal"
+src="images/p129s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>As to our own local interests, we may reasonably regret that,
+after so much money being invested in the Horncastle Canal, and
+the serious losses incurred by so many investors, no further
+effort should be made to utilize it.&nbsp; The trade of
+Horncastle is not so satisfactory but that we might welcome every
+adjunct, which could in any way contribute to its furtherance;
+while, even from an &aelig;sthetic point of view, it were
+desirable that, with the present dilapidated locks, and the banks
+in some places broken, the channel, which is in parts little more
+than a shallow bed of mud, befouled by garbage and carrion, or
+choked by a matted growth of weeds, should be superceded by a
+flow of water, pure and emitting no pestiferous exhalations.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 130--><a name="page130"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 130</span>THE RAILWAY.</h3>
+<p>In few things has there been more remarkable evolution, or we
+might even say, revolution, than in our methods of
+locomotion.&nbsp; In these days of historic pageants we might
+well conceive of a series of scenes passing before us, shewing
+the means adopted at different periods, or under different
+conditions, in this respect.&nbsp; The war-chariot of Queen
+Boadicea, charging the legions of C&aelig;sar, or (in our own
+neighbourhood) that of the British warrior Raengeires, routing
+his Saxon foes, at Tetford, with their wheels of solid wood and
+other massive carpentry, would form a, then inconceivable,
+contrast to the future taximeter cab, to be evolved in this 20th
+century.</p>
+<p>The lumbering &ldquo;wain&rdquo; of the Saxon churl, though
+still surviving in the name of a constellation, befitted only an
+age little advanced beyond barbarism.</p>
+<p>The primitive &ldquo;shout&rdquo; (Dutch
+&ldquo;schuyt&rdquo;), or &ldquo;dug-out&rdquo; boat, hollowed by
+Celtic flint-axe from the bole of a mighty oak, and slowly
+propelled by the almost wild Girvian, through the tangle of fen
+morass, had but a remote connection with the steam packet which,
+within living memory, plied on the neighbouring Witham, between
+Boston and Lincoln.&nbsp; Although the speed of the latter was so
+slow, that (as a friend of the writer has done) a pedestrian,
+travelling by road, could reach either of those places, from our
+town of Horncastle, in less time than it took to go by
+carrier&rsquo;s van to Kirkstead wharf, and thence by the said
+steamer.</p>
+<p>While, again, both these would provoke only a smile of
+contempt in the voyager who now crosses the atlantic, at a rate
+of 20 knots or more in the hour.&nbsp; Then, again, compare with
+these the cyclist, who now flashes past us with the speed of
+lightning; or the motorist, who vanishes from our sight, almost
+before the dust he has raised is blown away.</p>
+<p>Another humbler mode of progress, again, was a familiar sight
+in our boyhood, when the farmer&rsquo;s wife jogged contentedly
+to market, seated on a pillion, behind her husband, and carrying
+her butter, eggs, or chickens, in roomy market baskets by her
+side.&nbsp; Even the gig, to carry two, of the better bucolic
+class, has now become obsolete, as the train pours out, at the
+station, its living stream of market folk, male and female,
+within a few minutes of leaving their own doors several miles
+away.</p>
+<p>As to our country roads we are, it is true, well supplied with
+them, but a pageant view of the past, such as we have here
+conceived, would reveal to us our British forefathers, toiling,
+in wearied gangs, under Roman task-masters, at the forced labour
+of road making; by which the town&rsquo;s markets and chartered
+fairs were to be accessible, from all directions, for generations
+yet unborn.&nbsp; In our present iron ways, we might well suppose
+that we have attained the highest evolutionary stage in
+expeditious traffic; but who, indeed, shall venture to gainsay,
+that as a sequel to our wireless telegraphy, we may one day
+eschew the mundane altogether, and become a race of
+aeronauts.</p>
+<p>The Great Northern loop line, connecting Boston and Lincoln
+with Peterborough and Grantham, and so with the further north and
+south, was opened in October, 1848.&nbsp; At that date, except
+the &ldquo;Navigation&rdquo; for heavy goods, such as corn, coal,
+&amp;c., there were only coaches, once a day, for public
+conveyance to Boston, Lincoln, Market Rasen, and Louth.&nbsp; But
+through the enterprise of Mr. Samuel Sketchley, of Horncastle,
+Solicitor, of the old firm of Selwood and Conington, an Act of
+Parliament was, not without difficulty, obtained, July 10th,
+1854, for the construction of a branch line, running from <!--
+page 131--><a name="page131"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+131</span>Kirkstead to Horncastle; the importance of this event
+being recognised by a joyous peal of the parish church bells
+being rung, and crowds parading the streets, at 10 o&rsquo;clock
+at night, at which hour the news arrived.&nbsp; The next day the
+rejoicings were continued, the bells of St. Mary&rsquo;s Church
+being again rung, while the tower of the church was adorned with
+a tricolour flag, bearing the inscription &ldquo;God speed the
+railway,&rdquo; and crowds again passed through the streets,
+headed by the town band and a large tricolour standard.</p>
+<p>The construction of the line was begun in April of the
+following year, 1855; the contractors being Messrs. Smith &amp;
+Knight.&nbsp; The original capital of the company was
+&pound;48,000, in &pound;10 shares, but the ultimate cost was
+about &pound;60,000.&nbsp; The G.N.R. Company undertook the
+working, paying half the receipts to the shareholders; and as,
+for the distance (about 7&frac12; miles), the expenditure was,
+compared with that of many such undertakings, small, so, as an
+investment, the enterprise proved a profitable one, few lines
+yielding so good a return for the outlay; the &pound;10 shares
+still (in 1907) sell at nearly half as much again (&pound;14 17s.
+3d., July, 1907).</p>
+<p>A brief account may well here be given of the opening ceremony
+of this important event in the town&rsquo;s history, condensed
+from the public journals of the day.&nbsp; The line was examined
+by the Government Inspector, Colonel Wynn, and a few days later
+Mr. Seymour Clarke, the G.N.R. manager, stated that it could not
+be in a more efficient condition.&nbsp; The opening ceremony was
+fixed for Aug. 12th, 1855.&nbsp; At an early hour the town was
+crowded with visitors and shops were closed.&nbsp; At 7 a.m.
+2,500 lbs. of beef were distributed among the poorer
+people.&nbsp; Peals of bells were rung, the Horncastle and
+Spilsby bands added their music of popular airs.&nbsp; The
+streets and station were profusely decorated, under the direction
+of Mr. Crowder, florist, Mr. John Osborne, parish clerk, Mr.
+Archbould, head gardener to Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. Nelson from
+Stourton Hall, and a local committee.&nbsp; Flags displayed the
+arms of the town, those of Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. J. Banks Stanhope,
+the Bishop of Carlisle, then lord of the manor, the Rose of
+England, and the Union Jack.&nbsp; About noon a procession was
+formed in the Bull Ring, to meet the Directors of the G.N.R., by
+Mr. F. Harwood, master of the ceremonies, in the following
+order:</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Navvy bearing bronzed pickaxe
+and shovel.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Banner.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Navvies, four abreast.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Banner.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Two navvies, bearing
+silver-gilt wheelbarrow.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Banners.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Horncastle Brass Band.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Contractor.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Engineer.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Secretary.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Solicitor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Auditor.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Auditor.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Banners.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Directors, two abreast.</p>
+<p>Churchwarden, Dr. B. J. Boulton.</p>
+<p>The Vicar, Rev. W. H. Milner.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Banners.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Banners.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Shareholders and their friends, four abreast.</p>
+<p>Spilsby Brass Band.</p>
+<p>Parish Clerk, Mr. J. C. Osborne, in his robes, preceded by his
+Standard Bearer.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Banners.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Banner.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Members of the various Clubs, with Banners.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Banner.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Banner.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1,000 School Children, 4 abreast.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Banner.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>The Public.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><!-- page 132--><a name="page132"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+132</span>The procession marched from the Bull Ring to the
+Railway Station, where the elders of the party on the platform,
+and the children, with their banners, ranged on the opposite
+side, awaited the arrival of the train bringing the G.N.R.
+Directors, and as it drew up the bands played &ldquo;See the
+Conquering Hero comes.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The procession, augmented by the directors, then re-formed,
+and marched through the town; in the Bull Ring the National
+Anthem was sung.&nbsp; A large marquee was erected in the grounds
+of Mr. R. C Armstrong (now Mrs. Howland&rsquo;s garden),
+adjoining South Street, in which the contractors, Messrs. Smith
+&amp; Knight, provided for the directors and shareholders, and
+other guests, in all over 200, a splendid dinner, served in
+excellent style, by Messrs. Wilson and Serpell, of the Bull
+Hotel.&nbsp; The Honble. Sir H. Dymoke presided, as Chairman of
+the Horncastle and Kirkstead Railway Co.; being supported on his
+right by Mr. Hussey Packe and Mr. C. Chaplin, Directors of the
+G.N.R., Major Amcotts and Sir M. J. Cholmeley, and on his left by
+J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., M.P., Director of the Horncastle
+Railway, and Rev. W. H. Milner, Vicar.&nbsp; Congratulatory
+speeches were made, and the day closed with a fine display of
+fireworks.</p>
+<p>Opened under such favourable auspices, and supplying a felt
+need, the railway has continued to be a success; improvements
+have been made, from time to time, in the stations at Horncastle
+and Woodhall Spa.&nbsp; The line continues to be a single one,
+but it is sufficient for the local requirements, and the shares,
+as before mentioned, at the present time (1907) find a ready sale
+at an advance of about 50 per cent. on their original
+price.&nbsp; We might add that if the railway could be continued
+to Spilsby, and then connected with the different lines running
+to the Skegness, Mablethorpe and other health resorts on the
+coast, its utility, and doubtless its paying value, would be
+largely increased, as it would shorten the distance by many
+miles.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 133--><a name="page133"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 133</span>CHAPTER X.<br />
+WORKHOUSE OR UNION.</h2>
+<p>We now notice the chief of those public institutions, and the
+buildings connected therewith, which have been established in the
+town, within more recent times, for its welfare, or its
+adornment; in order to bring its corporate efficiency into more
+complete accord with the advanced requirements of what may be
+called modern municipal life.&nbsp; Among these the foremost
+place, from its general importance, is naturally due to the
+Union, or Workhouse; and here it is necessary to make some
+preliminary remarks.</p>
+<p>The workhouse, or union, for a large district is a
+comparatively recent creation.&nbsp; &ldquo;The poor&rdquo; we
+have had &ldquo;always with&rdquo; us, but they have not always
+been dealt with as they now are.&nbsp; By statute 23 Edward III.
+(1349), it was enacted that &ldquo;none should give alms to a
+beggar who was able to work.&rdquo;&nbsp; By common law the
+really deserving poor were to be assisted &ldquo;by parsons and
+parishioners, so that none should die for default of
+sustenance.&rdquo;&nbsp; By Act, 15 Richard II. (1392),
+impropriators (<i>i.e.</i> laymen holding church property) were
+bound to contribute a certain yearly sum to the poor of the
+parish, but no compulsory law was passed till 27 Henry VIII.
+(1536).&nbsp; The present poor law system dates from 43 Eliz.
+(1601); successive amendment acts being passed from 1836 to 1847,
+and again in 1861; and a further relief act in 1862.</p>
+<p>At first parishes regulated their own methods and amounts of
+relief.&nbsp; For a long period, indeed, the labouring class were
+subject to strict legal rules, both as to service, and in their
+individual movements.&nbsp; It was quite an innovation when, in
+23 Henry VI. (1445), a servant was permitted to change masters
+after giving due notice; and when moving, or, as it is locally
+called, &ldquo;flitting,&rdquo; from one parish to another, for
+employment, he had to produce a certificate of settlement from
+his last abode.&nbsp; In such matters the overseers were
+paramount, until their powers were transferred to the newly
+constituted guardians of the poor, by Act of Parliament, in 1839.
+<a name="citation133"></a><a href="#footnote133"
+class="citation">[133]</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 134--><a name="page134"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+134</span>The &ldquo;workhouse&rdquo; preceded the
+&ldquo;union,&rdquo; which latter term was adopted when parishes,
+throughout a large district, were <i>united</i> for the purposes
+of poor relief. <a name="citation134a"></a><a
+href="#footnote134a" class="citation">[134a]</a>&nbsp; In some
+cases a country parish had its own workhouse.&nbsp; For instance,
+old parish books of Thimbleby, <a name="citation134b"></a><a
+href="#footnote134b" class="citation">[134b]</a> show that in
+1819 &pound;20 was spent upon the village workhouse, which was
+insured for &pound;200.</p>
+<p>Among some old churchwardens&rsquo; records, in the possession
+of Mr. John Overton, of Horncastle (members of whose family have
+frequently held that office), it is mentioned that early in the
+18th century a &ldquo;public oven&rdquo; was erected in the town
+to enable the poor to cook their meals, or to bake the
+&ldquo;black bread,&rdquo; then in common use, <a
+name="citation134c"></a><a href="#footnote134c"
+class="citation">[134c]</a> more conveniently than they could at
+home. <a name="citation134d"></a><a href="#footnote134d"
+class="citation">[134d]</a>&nbsp; At a later date (1780) a
+spinning school was established by public rate, to help the poor
+to earn a livelihood by a home industry. <a
+name="citation134e"></a><a href="#footnote134e"
+class="citation">[134e]</a></p>
+<p>An important advance was made in poor relief, in 1735, when,
+as the same records state, &ldquo;on April 17 a committee was
+appointed, <a name="citation134f"></a><a href="#footnote134f"
+class="citation">[134f]</a> in Horncastle, to build a
+workhouse,&rdquo; and on May 7th in the following year a brief
+note gives the cost of the building as being &pound;175 13s.
+4d.&nbsp; This was situated on the east side of St. Mary&rsquo;s
+Square, separated by a few yards from the Grammar School, the
+site being now (1908) occupied by a common lodging house.&nbsp;
+It continued to be the public workhouse for over 100 years; and
+that the poor, who needed relief, were generally expected to
+enter as inmates, is shewn by another brief note, in the same
+records, to the following effect: &ldquo;May 2nd, 1781.&nbsp; Out
+payments discontinued, except in sickness.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>It was not till 1838 that the present workhouse, in Foundry
+Street, was built, from the designs of Mr.&mdash;afterwards
+Sir&mdash;Gilbert Scott, being one of his earliest undertakings
+<a name="citation134g"></a><a href="#footnote134g"
+class="citation">[134g]</a>&nbsp; It is a commodious structure,
+capable of accommodating <!-- page 135--><a
+name="page135"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 135</span>260
+inmates; and, with grounds attached, covers an area of between
+four and five acres.&nbsp; It is now known as &ldquo;The
+Union,&rdquo; and the union district embraces 69 parishes,
+represented by 76 guardians, to whom, as already stated, the
+former duties of the overseers were transferred in 1839.</p>
+<p>The Rev. Canon A. E. Moore is the present Chaplain.</p>
+<h3>THE COURT HOUSE.</h3>
+<p>The majesty of the law has not always been so worthily
+domiciled in Horncastle as during the last forty years.&nbsp; In
+Stukeley&rsquo;s map of the town, dated 1722, the Sessions House
+is placed at the south-east corner of the &ldquo;Mercat
+Place,&rdquo; where there now (1908) stands a small refreshment
+house.&nbsp; The cells for prisoners probably formed the basement
+of this building, as there is no known record of their being
+confined elsewhere, until the year 1821, when what was called the
+&ldquo;Round House&rdquo; was built, at the north-east corner of
+the Market Place, opposite the present Lord Nelson Inn.&nbsp;
+This was a small circular building, having two cells, with a
+colonnade running round it, which formed a shelter for market
+women selling butter, eggs, &amp;c.&nbsp; The foundations of this
+structure were so shallow that it is on record that a prisoner,
+in the course of one night, scratched a passage under the wall
+and effected his escape. <a name="citation135"></a><a
+href="#footnote135" class="citation">[135]</a>&nbsp; This prison
+was demolished in 1853, when the present police station <!-- page
+136--><a name="page136"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+136</span>was built, facing the Wong, at a cost of &pound;500,
+having four cells, for 12 prisoners, and a residence for a
+superintendent and constable.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p135b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Court House"
+title=
+"The Court House"
+src="images/p135s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Some years later fresh premises were rented for the
+magistrates, on the south side of the High Street, adjoining the
+George Hotel, now extinct, though then a leading
+establishment.&nbsp; That site is now occupied by the Lincoln and
+Lindsey Bank.</p>
+<p>In 1843 the magistrates&rsquo; office was transferred to what
+is now 19, Bull Ring, part of the shop of Messrs. Robinson,
+Drapers.&nbsp; All these premises proving inadequate for their
+purpose, the present Court House was built in 1865, on the site
+of the former parish stocks, the site, a slight rising ground,
+being called &ldquo;Stocks&rsquo; Hill,&rdquo; at a cost of
+&pound;3,000.&nbsp; The architect was Mr. C. Reeves, of London,
+the builder Mr. Huddleston, of Lincoln.&nbsp; The furniture was
+supplied by Messrs. Pike &amp; Wright, of Horncastle; gas
+fittings by Mr. Murrell, of Chelsea.</p>
+<p>In this handsome building, of white brick, there is
+accommodation for many branches of public, local and county
+business.&nbsp; As a possession the Court House is the property
+of the Board of Works, in London, the county authorities paying
+to them a rent of &pound;10, for the use of it by the
+magistrates.</p>
+<h3>THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL.</h3>
+<p>This handsome structure was erected under the following
+circumstances.&nbsp; The Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, who had
+represented the Horncastle Division in Parliament, with much
+distinction, from the year 1874, died rather suddenly, as the
+result of hard work, in his official capacity, on Dec. 22, 1893,
+to the great grief of the entire constituency; when it was
+universally felt that his services merited some public
+recognition.&nbsp; Various meetings were held, and at length, on
+Jan. 22nd, 1897, at a gathering in the Masonic Hall, a committee
+was appointed to carry out the scheme.&nbsp; The design of the
+Memorial was intrusted to the architect, Mr. E. H. Lingen Barker,
+of Hereford, Messrs. Walter &amp; Hensman, of Horncastle, being
+the contractors for the work.</p>
+<p>The ceremony of inauguration was performed by J. Banks
+Stanhope, Esq., formerly M.P. for the Division, on Feb. 2nd,
+1899, in the presence of the Earl and Countess Stanhope, and
+other distinguished persons on the platform, and a vast crowd
+from the neighbourhood filling the entire Market Place.&nbsp;
+This was followed by a public luncheon in the Corn Exchange.</p>
+<p>The site chosen was the centre of the Market Place, as that,
+along with the market dues, had been made over to the town as a
+free gift, by the Right Honble. gentleman, as Lord of the
+Manor.&nbsp; The following is the official description of the
+monument, as published at the time of its erection.&nbsp; The
+structure is 31-ft. 6-in. in height.&nbsp; It stands on a massive
+foundation of concrete; with three tiers of Yorkshire stone
+steps, each 15-in. wide, running round the base leading up to the
+monument proper, their shape being octagonal.&nbsp; With the
+exception of two strings of Dumfries&rsquo; red stone, the lower
+part is of Monk&rsquo;s Park stone.&nbsp; Above this is a moulded
+string course, and on each face are shafts of Aberdeen red
+granite, with moulded caps and bases.&nbsp; The panels are filled
+with diaper work; and in each alternate panel are arms of the
+Stanhope family, and the arms of the town, with an inscription to
+the memory of the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, and a medallion,
+with bust, in relief, of the same.&nbsp; These panels are
+surmounted by moulded and carved cinquefoil panels, surmounted by
+carved finials.&nbsp; Above these, again, are eight <!-- page
+137--><a name="page137"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+137</span>columns of polished granite, supporting the
+superstructure, and these also have eight trefoil dormers,
+simpler than those below, each finished with a finial of gun
+metal.&nbsp; Above these are eight gun metal columns, having
+trefoiled heads, with foliated finials and moulded cornice; and
+on these rests the spirette, constructed of oak and covered with
+lead, with eight other dormers, which complete the whole.&nbsp;
+The total cost was &pound;552 12s. 3d., raised by subscriptions,
+a small balance being handed over to the public Dispensary.</p>
+<h3>THE CLERICAL CLUB.</h3>
+<p>The Clerical Club was founded in 1822; a room was rented on
+the premises of Mr. James Babington, Bookseller, in the High
+Street (now occupied by Mr. J. S. Balding, Butcher), where the
+members met for discussion, and gradually established a good
+library.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p137b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Stanhope Memorial"
+title=
+"The Stanhope Memorial"
+src="images/p137s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The first members enrolled were the Rev. the Hon. the
+King&rsquo;s Champion, John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby; the
+Revs. J. B. Smith, Head Master of the Grammar School; C. N.
+L&rsquo;Oste, Rector of Claxby; Francis Rockliffe, Rector of
+Fulletby; Robert Spranger, D.D., Rector of Low Toynton (and of
+Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, London); John Mounsey, Rector
+of Gautby; Thomas Roe, Rector of Kirkby-on-Bain; E. Brackenbury,
+Rector of Aswardby; W. Dodson, Rector of Well; F. Swan, Rector of
+Sausthorpe; and others holding benefices scattered over a wide
+area, but several of them living in Horncastle.</p>
+<p><!-- page 138--><a name="page138"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+138</span>The Club was formally opened in the following year,
+when several more members were added; the Honble. John Dymoke
+being elected President, Dr. Clement Madeley, Vicar of
+Horncastle, Vice-President, with Dr. J. B. Smith as Secretary, in
+which capacity he did valuable service, in increasing the
+membership and adding to the efficiency of the institution, which
+flourished for many years.</p>
+<p>In later times, especially on the lamented death of Dr. Smith,
+and the creation of circulating libraries, such as that of
+Messrs. Mudie, in London, the numbers of subscribers fell off
+considerably.&nbsp; The books were transferred to various
+quarters; at first to the house of the late Mr. John Osborne,
+parish clerk, himself no mean scholar and student, afterwards to
+the residence of the head master of the Grammar School, where
+they remained for some years, under successive masters, still
+available for members of the club.</p>
+<p>On June 8th, 1892, Canon Quarrington, Vicar of Horncastle,
+Revs. J. C. Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, and J. Conway Walter,
+Rector of Langton, were appointed a sub-committee, with
+instructions to find a permanent club room, or to give the books
+to the Lincoln Diocesan Library.&nbsp; In September of that year
+Dr. Madge, Head Master, offered to keep the books, to act as
+Librarian, and admit members to them two or three days a week in
+his house.</p>
+<p>In January, 1893, the present writer was commissioned with Dr.
+Madge, to examine the books, when there was found to be 799 in
+good condition, 69 missing.&nbsp; The Secretary of the Lincoln
+Diocesan Library was communicated with, and at a meeting of the
+committee of that library, held on Feb. 24, 1893, the offer of
+the books was accepted, and they were in due course transferred
+to that institution.</p>
+<p>On May 17th, 1894, the Rev. J. Conway Walter, with three
+others, was commissioned to obtain a supply of books from a
+circulating library at Lincoln.&nbsp; Eventually Mudie&rsquo;s
+library was established at the shop of Mr. H. Willson,
+Bookseller, Horncastle; Mr. W. K. Morton opened a subscription
+library, and Messrs. W. H. Smith opened a book stall at the
+station.&nbsp; These three still continue: the original Clerical
+Club books being still available, with others, at the library in
+the Chapter House of Lincoln Cathedral.</p>
+<p>There was at one time a <i>Literary Society</i> in Horncastle,
+which used to meet at the Bull Hotel, in a small room, now the
+bar, beneath the large ball room, on a level with the
+street.&nbsp; Among the most active members of this was John
+Brown, the late, so-called, Horncastle &ldquo;Poet
+Laureate,&rdquo; whose poems were published in 1890, by the Rev.
+J. Conway Walter, in a volume entitled <i>Liter&aelig;
+Laureat&aelig;</i>, dedicated to Lord Tennyson.&nbsp; Another
+prominent member was the late Mr. Thomas Baker, who was an
+amateur actor and clever ventriloquist, as well as a great
+cricketer.&nbsp; In his early years he was engaged by the father
+of Sir Evelyn Wood to teach the village boys cricket in
+Essex.&nbsp; His bowling was of the old roundhand style; in which
+he bowled to Fuller Pilch, the greatest batsman of his day; and
+also to Dr. W. G. Grace, now of the Crystal Palace; and, many
+years ago, in a match against a crack 11, including three
+University players and one professional, he bowled them all out
+for 11 runs.&nbsp; He also bowled out the captain of the All
+England Eleven with his first ball.&nbsp; He died Feb. 12th,
+1903, aged 88.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 139--><a name="page139"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 139</span>THE MECHANICS&rsquo; INSTITUTE.</h3>
+<p>Mechanics&rsquo; Institutes were first established in the
+earlier half of the 19th century.&nbsp; The first known was that
+founded in London by the famous Dr. Birkbeck in 1823; another
+being opened in the same year in Glasgow; after which they became
+general.&nbsp; As Horncastle was in advance of other towns in the
+county in its valuable Dispensary (see p. 119), so it would seem
+to have preceded other towns, with the exception of Lincoln, in
+catering for the growing taste for literature.&nbsp; The
+Mechanics&rsquo; Institute was founded in the year 1834.&nbsp; It
+was first located in Union Street, now called Queen Street, and
+soon received the support of all classes.&nbsp; The building,
+which consisted of one large room, was situated on the west side
+of the street, on the site where now stands the private
+residence, No. 18.</p>
+<p>Soon after the erection of the Corn Exchange, in 1856, the
+Mechanics&rsquo; Institute was transferred to that building; two
+upper rooms being occupied, as library and reading room; the
+former premises in Queen Street being sold to the late Mr. Joseph
+Parish, who used them for sales, public meetings, dances, and so
+forth, until in 1866 he erected on the site a private residence
+for himself.</p>
+<p>After some years the introduction of the above named branch of
+the popular London Library of Messrs. Mudie &amp; Co., at the
+shop of Mr. Hugh Willson, Bookseller, in the Bull Ring, followed
+by the subscription library of Mr. W. K. Morton, in the High
+Street, and that of Messrs. W. H. Smith &amp; Sons, at the
+Railway Station, reduced the numbers of the subscribers to
+&ldquo;The Mechanics,&rdquo; and it was removed to smaller
+premises in Bank Street; and eventually this same cause led to
+the Institute being closed.&nbsp; On January 14th, 1886, a
+meeting was held in the library to determine its future, the
+result being that the Secretary, Mr. W. Betts, and the members of
+the committee resigned, Jan. 21st, and the books, &amp;c., were
+removed to a small chamber at the Gas House, in Foundry Street,
+another small room there being used as a temporary reading
+room.&nbsp; These were closed about the year 1894, the books
+remaining stowed away.&nbsp; About the year 1899 an effort was
+made by the late W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties&rsquo;
+Bank, to get the books transferred to the Technical School in
+Queen Street, of the committee of which he was chairman; with the
+object that they might be once more rendered available for public
+use; but this project fell through.</p>
+<p>In 1905 the library was finally broken up by the late Mr.
+Joseph Willson, the last survivor of the Managing Committee, who
+sold the less valuable among the books by auction in Lincoln, the
+rest being divided between the permanent subscription library of
+Mr. W. K. Morton, Bookseller, High Street, and that of the
+Grammar School.</p>
+<p>It is much to be regretted that a valuable collection of books
+thus ceased to be public property.&nbsp; A catalogue of the
+library, published by Mr. W. Johnson, Bookseller, High Street, in
+1865, shows that the number of volumes was at that date 1,468,
+with annual additions; while in 1879 a bequest was made by the
+late Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, South Street,
+of about 230 volumes of standard works, bringing the total up to
+about 1,750 volumes.&nbsp; (Classified List, published by W. K.
+Morton, 1879.)</p>
+<p>The first librarian was Mrs. Wood, assisted by her daughter
+(afterwards Mrs. Panton).&nbsp; She was succeeded by Miss South,
+who was followed by Miss Stephenson, and she was succeeded by
+Mrs. W. Johnson.</p>
+<p><!-- page 140--><a name="page140"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+140</span>The late Mr. Henry Nicholson acted as secretary, and
+for several years took a great interest in all that concerned the
+Institute, until his prolonged serious illness, which ended
+fatally in June, 1900.&nbsp; Mr. C. Hensman was treasurer while
+the library was at the Corn Exchange, resigning when it was
+removed to Banks Street.&nbsp; During the same period the late
+Mr. Berridge, Master of the Union, acted as Secretary, and was
+succeeded by Mr. W. Betts, of the Dispensary, who only held that
+post two years, before the Institute was closed.</p>
+<p>There were in the library, besides the books, a quantity of
+weapons of war from the South Sea Islands, some cases of objects
+of natural history; valuable sepia paintings by the late Rev. C.
+P. Terrot, of Wispington, an almost unrivalled artist in his own
+line; and several fine Roman vases exhumed in the town; all these
+were disposed of by Mr. Joseph Willson, only surviving trustee,
+now deceased.</p>
+<h3>THE CORN EXCHANGE.</h3>
+<p>The Corn Exchange is a spacious and lofty building of brick,
+with stone facings, capable of holding 500 persons, situated on
+the south side of the High Street, and standing on what was
+formerly the eastern wall of the old Roman castle; a well of pure
+water, still in use, under the adjoining house, having been just
+within the wall of that fortress.&nbsp; It was opened on July
+5th, 1856.&nbsp; From the terms of the original deed of
+settlement of the company we may give the following items.</p>
+<p>The Indenture, dated July 18th, 1855, was registered the 31st
+of the same month; the agreement being, on the first part,
+between Thomas Armstrong, Merchant; Henry Turner, Land Agent;
+George Wright, Merchant; Henry Nicholson, Draper; William Preston
+Carlton, Chemist; and others, all of Horncastle; with certain
+residents in the neighbourhood on the second part; and Frederick
+W. Tweed, of Horncastle, Gentleman, as trustee to give effect to
+the covenant, on the third part.&nbsp; The said parties agree to
+form themselves a Joint Stock Company, within the meaning of the
+Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110, to provide a building for the
+purposes, according to these presents, viz., a Corn Exchange,
+which can also be used for concerts, exhibitions, and other
+public objects, on such terms as the committee may think fit.</p>
+<p>The capital of the company to be &pound;3,000, in 600 shares
+of &pound;5 each; annual meetings of shareholders to be held on
+May 2nd; any five, or more, owning 25 shares, may require the
+directors to convene an extraordinary meeting.&nbsp; The capital
+may be increased by additional shares of &pound;5, not exceeding
+300; money may be borrowed on mortgage, not exceeding at any one
+time &pound;1,500. <a name="citation140"></a><a
+href="#footnote140" class="citation">[140]</a>&nbsp; One-third of
+the original directors to retire in May, 1856, being eligible for
+re-election.&nbsp; In May, 1857, one-half of the remaining
+original directors to retire; and similarly in succeeding years
+one-third to retire in rotation, according to seniority.&nbsp;
+Any director to forfeit office on ceasing to hold five shares;
+anyone intending to apply for directorate, to give at least 10
+days&rsquo; notice.&nbsp; Directors to meet at least once every
+three months; any two directors may require the secretary to
+convene a meeting, at any time, for any desirable special
+object.</p>
+<p>The Court of Directors to apply to the Privy Council (Board of
+Trade) <!-- page 141--><a name="page141"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 141</span>for permission to purchase, or rent,
+land or buildings, as may seem to be needed; or to let, or lease,
+buildings, offices, &amp;c., as they may think fit; or to make
+mortgages, conveyances, &amp;c., for the purposes of the
+company.&nbsp; A reserve fund (by clause 67) to be established,
+by setting apart one per cent of the profits in any year; the
+accumulation to be employed for the benefit of the company, as
+may seem to them desirable.&nbsp; Shares to be sold (by clause
+68) for the benefit of the company, by a vote of a majority at a
+general meeting.&nbsp; No sum beyond &pound;400, at any one time,
+to be negotiated by promissory note or bill of exchange.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p141b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900"
+title=
+"Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900"
+src="images/p141s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>That a report be presented, and dividend declared, at an
+annual meeting, on March 25th, with seven days&rsquo; notice to
+each shareholder.&nbsp; A common seal to be kept in a place of
+safety, and affixed to all legal documents, by the secretary, in
+the presence of three directors.&nbsp; Henry Nicholson, Draper,
+to be the first auditor, paid as committee of directors
+decide.&nbsp; Samuel Sketchley to be the first solicitor; and the
+Lincoln and Lindsey Bank the company&rsquo;s bank.&nbsp; Thomas
+Armstrong, Timothy Collinson, and Robert Edwin Kemp to be the
+first trustees of the company.</p>
+<p>The books may be inspected by any shareholder, between 10 a.m.
+and 4 p.m., in the presence of the secretary, or other person
+nominated in accordance with Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110.&nbsp;
+By clause 89 it was provided that, in case of the company being
+wound up, the chairman should declare the company <!-- page
+142--><a name="page142"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 142</span>to
+be dissolved with all convenient speed; all property to be sold,
+and converted into ready money, to meet all claims; a final
+distribution of assets to be made; no sale by private contract to
+any shareholder being allowed.&nbsp; This deed was signed,
+sealed, and delivered by the said F. W. Tweed, and witnessed by
+J. S. Cropper, Horncastle, July 18th, 1855.</p>
+<p>On Nov. 6th, 1889, a meeting was held to consider whether the
+company should be wound up; but it was decided to continue it,
+and of late years the financial position of the company has
+improved; the report for 1906 shews total receipts for the past
+year, &pound;145 13s. 1d.; expenditure &pound;87 2s. 10d.;
+leaving balance &pound;58 10s. 3d.; allowing a dividend of
+&pound;1 10s. per cent., the sum of &pound;6 0s. 3d. being still
+in hand.&nbsp; Offices on the same premises are rented by Mr.
+Reuben Roberts, Corn Merchant.</p>
+<h3>THE WHELPTON ALMSHOUSES.</h3>
+<p>The Whelpton Almshouses are situated in Queen Street, on its
+east side, being six small residences, for the reception of
+deserving poor persons, natives of the town.&nbsp; They were
+established in the year 1861, under the following
+circumstances.</p>
+<p>The late Mr. Geo. Whelpton was a shoemaker, occupying a small
+shop, one of several then standing in the Market Place, on or
+near the site of the present Stanhope Memorial; <a
+name="citation142a"></a><a href="#footnote142a"
+class="citation">[142a]</a> the whole of these being cleared away
+when the late Honble. Edward Stanhope presented that piece of
+ground to the town, for the enlargement of the Market
+Place.&nbsp; He resided in a small house in Stonewell Row, but
+afterwards removed into better premises in Queen Street.&nbsp;
+While living in Stonewell Row he purchased some furniture cheap,
+at an auction, and in a drawer of one of the articles purchased
+he found a recipe, said to have been written by a Boston doctor,
+for the medicine eventually to become known universally as
+&ldquo;Whelpton&rsquo;s Pills&rdquo; (a powerful stomachic, for
+kidney diseases, &amp;c.), and from the sale of which he and
+other members of his family realised large fortunes. <a
+name="citation142b"></a><a href="#footnote142b"
+class="citation">[142b]</a>&nbsp; His wife had been for some time
+in a bad state of health, and after she had consulted various
+doctors without deriving any benefit from their treatment, he
+decided to try for her the prescription which had thus
+accidentally come into his possession.&nbsp; The result was so
+satisfactory that other sufferers applied to him for the pills,
+which for a time he freely gave to his neighbours; ultimately,
+however, these applications became so numerous that he was
+obliged to make a charge.</p>
+<p>As he began to realise a considerable income from this source,
+he gave up the shoemaking business, and left Horncastle; his
+first move being to Derby, <a name="citation142c"></a><a
+href="#footnote142c" class="citation">[142c]</a> where he
+occupied a residence known as &ldquo;St. Anne&rsquo;s
+House,&rdquo; afterwards moving to London, where he, at first,
+lived in Crane Court, Fleet Street, which still continues to be
+the depot of the pill business.&nbsp; He subsequently <!-- page
+143--><a name="page143"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+143</span>moved to a better part of the metropolis, taking up his
+residence at 1, Albert Road, Regent&rsquo;s Park, where he
+remained for several years, until he finally settled in Warrior
+Square, Hastings.</p>
+<p>While residing in London his wife <a
+name="citation143a"></a><a href="#footnote143a"
+class="citation">[143a]</a> had another illness, from which she
+eventually died, in 1859; and feeling her loss very acutely he
+decided, after a time, to erect the almshouses to her memory. <a
+name="citation143b"></a><a href="#footnote143b"
+class="citation">[143b]</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p143b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900"
+title=
+"West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900"
+src="images/p143s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Among the documents preserved in connection with this charity,
+is the original letter of George Whelpton, dated March 18, 1861,
+giving instructions that the building of the almshouses should be
+immediately taken in hand.&nbsp; The Indenture itself is dated
+March 21st, 1861, and among its terms are the following:
+&ldquo;This agreement is between Richard Clitherow, of
+Horncastle, Gentleman, surviving trustee and executor of the will
+of Samuel Curtis Lomas, late of Blencogo, Co. Cumberland,
+Surgeon, of the first part; George Whelpton, of No. 1, Albert
+Road, Regent&rsquo;s Park, Middlesex, of the second part; and
+William Thompson Whelpton, of No. 69, Gloucester Crescent,
+Regent&rsquo;s Park, Middlesex, Gent., and Rev. Henry Robert
+Whelpton, of Upton Park, Slough, <!-- page 144--><a
+name="page144"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 144</span>Bucks., on
+the third part.&rdquo;&nbsp; In accordance with this agreement
+certain lands comprising, with others, the future site of the
+almshouses, situated on the east side of what was then called
+Union Street, the property of the said Samuel Curtis Lomas, were
+acquired through the said Mr. Richard Clitherow, for Mr. G.
+Whelpton, for the purposes of the charity, with the above
+relatives as co-trustees.&nbsp; The sum of &pound;1,000 was also
+conveyed as endowment of the charity, to the trustees.</p>
+<p>It was provided by the agreement that the inmates of the
+houses should be selected from persons who were fit and deserving
+subjects of the charity, indigent, but of good character, not
+recipients of parish relief, and not under 45 years of age; and
+that any, becoming guilty of immorality, should forfeit their
+privileges.&nbsp; The power of selection of inmates was vested in
+the trustees, assisted by the vicar and churchwardens of the
+parish; a clause being added, that, in case of the trustees being
+incompetent, by reason of infancy or idiocy, the vicar and
+churchwardens should select.&nbsp; The weekly allowance to the
+inmates was to be 3s. 6d.</p>
+<p>The agreement to this effect was signed, sealed, and
+delivered, by the said George Whelpton, in the presence of
+Richard Clitherow, Solicitor, and Charles Dee, Solicitor, both of
+Horncastle.&nbsp; It was further signed by George Whelpton and
+William Thompson Whelpton, in the presence of Robert Cunliffe,
+Solicitor, of 43, Chancery Lane, London; and by Henry Robert
+Whelpton, in the presence of John Adams Cree, Clerk in Holy
+Orders, of Upton Park, Slough, Bucks.&nbsp; Appended is a
+receipt, signed by Richard Clitherow, and witnessed by Charles
+Dee, shewing that, at the date of the Indenture, the sum of
+&pound;101 5s. was paid by George Whelpton for the purchase of
+the site of the almshouses.</p>
+<p>This agreement was examined on Feb. 7th, 1888, in the Court of
+Justice, London, before Mr. Justice Chitty, on an enquiry being
+made as to the estate of William Thompson Whelpton, deceased, at
+the instance of the Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, and Stephen
+Whelpton; when the Court declared that the direction in the will
+of the testator, as to the endowment of the charity, was a
+&ldquo;valid charitable bequest of &pound;1,000,&rdquo; and the
+money &ldquo;invested in three per cents.&nbsp; Consols, for the
+following purposes&rdquo;: (1) for the repair of the alms-houses;
+(2) to pay each occupant 3s. 6d. per week; (3) in case of there
+being any surplus, to pay them so much more as the trustees
+should think fit.&nbsp; A clause was added, empowering the
+Charity Commissioners, from time to time, to order any part of
+the income to be applied to special purposes, as they might think
+desirable.</p>
+<p>We may add that while residing at Hastings, Mr. George
+Whelpton secured two acres of land, at Eastbourne, from the Duke
+of Devonshire, the owner of the whole town, as he is also of
+Buxton; and at a cost of about &pound;20,000, erected and endowed
+the church and vicarage of St. Saviour&rsquo;s, which was held by
+his youngest son, Henry Robert, who graduated at St. John&rsquo;s
+College, Cambridge, and was afterwards made Canon of
+Chichester.&nbsp; This benefice is private property, and is now
+held by his son, Henry Urling Whelpton, of Pembroke College,
+Cambridge.</p>
+<p>The head of the Whelpton family may now be considered to be
+the Rev. George Whelpton, at one time residing in France, but now
+of Trinity House, Abington, Berks.&nbsp; The original George
+Whelpton died in 1903.</p>
+<p>For these details the present writer is indebted to several
+members of the Whelpton family, with some of whom he was a fellow
+pupil at the Horncastle Grammar School.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 145--><a name="page145"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 145</span>THE DRILL HALL.</h3>
+<p>The present building is not the first structure erected in
+connection with the Volunteers, any more than the present
+Volunteers themselves are the first institution of the kind
+formed in Horncastle.&nbsp; In the early years of the 19th
+century, when there was a general feeling abroad that one great
+project, nurtured in the ambitious mind of the first Napoleon,
+was an invasion of England, volunteers were organized throughout
+the country, with a view to self-defence.&nbsp; As an instance of
+this, in the town of Pontefract a corps was formed, of which the
+Earl of Mexborough was Colonel Commandant, and George Pyemont,
+Esq., of Tanshelf House, Pontefract (grandfather of the present
+writer), was Major; <a name="citation145"></a><a
+href="#footnote145" class="citation">[145]</a> the records of
+which are preserved, among other public documents, in Pontefract
+Castle.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p145b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900"
+title=
+"Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900"
+src="images/p145s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Similarly, a corps was raised in Horncastle at the same
+period, of which we have somewhat curious evidence in the
+following.&nbsp; There exists a small pamphlet, which the writer
+has recently (July, 1908) perused, entitled &ldquo;An address
+delivered to the Horncastle Volunteers, on Feb. 26, 1804, by
+their chaplain, in consequence of the resignation of some of the
+members.&nbsp; Published by desire of the corps.&nbsp; Printed by
+James Weir, Horncastle, 1804.&rdquo;&nbsp; In this address he
+expresses his great regret that so many volunteers are resigning
+<!-- page 146--><a name="page146"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+146</span>&ldquo;after putting the country to the expense of
+supplying them with clothing and arms, having also pledged
+themselves to the country&rsquo;s defence, and received in return
+exemption from militia service,&rdquo; this too at a time when
+(as he says) &ldquo;we are in danger of being reduced to a French
+province.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;No resignations (he continues) have
+taken place in London, in Boston, or in Spilsby.&rdquo;&nbsp; He
+reminds them that they (the Horncastrians) had been &ldquo;among
+the first in the county to offer their services,&rdquo; and he
+urges them still to &ldquo;maintain their character&rdquo; for
+loyalty.</p>
+<p>In consequence of this appeal a public meeting was called
+together, at which was formed a &ldquo;Court of Enquiry,&rdquo;
+consisting of &ldquo;9 members, 3 elected from the officers of
+the corps, and 6 from the non-commissioned officers and privates,
+to whom all proposals of resignation should be
+submitted.&rdquo;&nbsp; In subsequent pages regulations are added
+as to keeping their weapons in proper condition, orders as to
+loading their guns, &amp;c., which are described as
+&ldquo;firelocks&rdquo; with &ldquo;flints.&rdquo;&nbsp; This we
+may regard as an interesting item of past local history,
+evidencing the spirit in which the first Horncastle Volunteers
+were formed.</p>
+<p>The modern volunteer movement originated in the year 1859,
+under somewhat similar circumstances to the earlier
+movement.&nbsp; Notwithstanding our ultimate victory in the
+Crimean war, it was felt that our blunders had been most serious,
+and our military organization far from complete.&nbsp; War, as a
+science, was assuming new forms; steam was giving to navigation
+an independence of wind and tide, which might lead to invasion
+unawares.&nbsp; The state of our defences was considered most
+unsatisfactory.&nbsp; France was our ally, but the Emperor
+Napoleon III. only ruled by popular suffrage, and the memories of
+Waterloo still affected the sentiments of his people towards
+England.&nbsp; The facility with which England might be invaded
+was a subject of discussion in parliament in the course of the
+session of that year.&nbsp; Lord Palmerston held the view that
+France could, within a few hours, bring together an army, which
+could land on our shores and march upon London, before we were
+awake to the danger.&nbsp; It was our duty to be ready for
+defence against any such surprise, and it was said that
+&ldquo;our friend&rdquo; Napoleon would himself welcome such
+preparedness on our part, as giving him the best arguments with
+his own subjects against any such enterprise.</p>
+<p>Strengthened by such reasoning, the Earl of Ripon, Under
+Secretary for War, announced that volunteer corps would be
+enrolled throughout the country.&nbsp; The government plans were
+published on the first of July, were warmly accepted by all
+parties, and a circular was issued, dated July 13th, to all the
+Lieutenants of counties, urging immediate action; and forthwith
+the &ldquo;nation of shopkeepers&rdquo; were, as by magic,
+transformed into an armed camp.&nbsp; So rapid was the progress
+that by June of the following year the cry was &ldquo;Ready, aye!
+ready;&rdquo; and on the 23rd of that month the Queen held a
+review in Hyde Park, at which some 20,000 volunteers passed
+before her.&nbsp; We are told, as a curious incident, that at
+that review there was present as a newly enrolled private, a Mr.
+Tower, of Wealdhall, Essex, who had also been present, as a
+private, at a review held under the former system in 1803. <a
+name="citation146"></a><a href="#footnote146"
+class="citation">[146]</a></p>
+<p>The loyal town of Horncastle was not behindhand; a public
+meeting was held in the Bull Hotel, on Aug. 10th, 1859, for the
+purpose of organizing a <!-- page 147--><a
+name="page147"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 147</span>Rifle
+Corps, for the district, at which the Deputy Lieutenant
+attended.&nbsp; Among those present were Major Smart, of Tumby,
+J. Wadham Floyer, of Martin Hall, H. F. Conington, Clarence
+House, Horncastle, Dr. B. J. Boulton, Dr. W. Ward, Messrs. W. S.
+Clitherow, R. C. Armstrong, E. Babington, F. Gilliat, F. W.
+Tweed, J. R. Banks, and most of the chief tradesmen and residents
+in town and neighbourhood.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p147b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Stanch"
+title=
+"The Stanch"
+src="images/p147s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Muster Roll, which is still preserved, of the corps then
+formed, and designated the &ldquo;G Company of the 1st Battalion
+of the Lincolnshire Regiment of Volunteers,&rdquo; has at its
+head the name of Henry Francis Conington, as Captain, March 9th,
+1860, with Richard W. Clitherow and Robert Jalland, as officers
+under him, at the same date; then follows a long list of
+non-commissioned officers and privates, numbering, in the course
+of a few years, more than 2,000 names.&nbsp; Captain Conington,
+promoted Major in 1870, was succeeded in due course, on his going
+abroad, by Captain, afterwards Major, Robert Clifton Armstrong,
+who had begun service as Sergeant, and then Lieutenant; having
+under him, as Lieutenants, Messrs. W. Jeffery and W. S.
+Clitherow, who were succeeded by Richard W. Clitherow and Robert
+C. Isle; with Dr. Hugh George as surgeon.</p>
+<p>Mr. Arthur Ellwood, of Mareham-le-Fen, who had joined the
+corps in 1865, succeeded to the command in 1891, with Dr. Keogh,
+of Coningsby, and <!-- page 148--><a name="page148"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 148</span>F. S. Dymoke, Esq., as Lieutenants,
+Dr. Hugh George still acting as Surgeon; Ellwood was promoted as
+Captain in 1891, succeeded to the Colonelcy of the head-quarters
+staff in 1894, and is now Hon. Colonel of the Battalion, entitled
+to wear the regimental uniform.</p>
+<p>In 1894 Mr. H. Tweed succeeded to the command as Captain, with
+Messrs. T. Levett and Granville Sharpe acting as Lieutenants (Mr.
+F. W. S. Heywood, of Holbeach Hall, being temporarily
+attached).&nbsp; In 1899 Granville Sharpe succeeded to the
+command, but his health failing, he resigned after a year&rsquo;s
+service.&nbsp; He was succeeded in 1900 by Dr. J. W. Jessop as
+Captain, who had joined in 1895, and was in 1906 promoted Major
+of the Battalion; A. A. Ellwood becoming Lieutenant.&nbsp; Dr.
+Herbert A. Howes, who had joined in 1900, succeeded in 1906 to
+the command, which he still holds, 1908.</p>
+<p>Senior officers in command of the Battalion have been Col.
+Amcotts (deceased), Col. Seddon (deceased), Col. Preston
+(deceased), Col. J. G. Williams of Lincoln, and at present Col.
+J. Ruston of Lincoln.&nbsp; Clergy who have served as Chaplains
+have been Revs. S. Lodge; C. Reginald Blathwayt, Vicar of West
+Ashby; A. Scrivenor, Vicar of Horncastle; H. Benwell; and at the
+present time (1908) Paul O. Ashby, Incumbent of Revesby.</p>
+<p>Among those who have done good service in the corps, we should
+mention the first Drill Sergeant Beeton, who had previously
+served in the 22nd Regiment of the Line (the Old Cheshire), and
+afterwards in the South Lincolnshire Militia, as Colour
+Sergeant.&nbsp; He drilled the corps during about 20 years; dying
+in Horncastle, after about 40 years service.&nbsp; He was
+followed by Sergt. Major Bartlett; then by Sergeant Doggett, who
+had been Colour Sergeant in the 1st Royal Sussex, and previously
+to that in the 2nd Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment
+(the old 98th).&nbsp; He still resides in Horncastle.&nbsp; In
+later years the post has been held by Sergeants Towne, Ashley and
+Bamber.</p>
+<p>As to the buildings connected with the volunteers, their
+history is briefly this: In the early years of the corps&rsquo;
+existence drill was carried on in the Corn Exchange.&nbsp; After
+a time the building adjoining the north-east corner of the Wong,
+which had been a British School, was secured; and this, after
+structural renovation, was used for several years as the
+head-quarters.&nbsp; It is now in the occupation of Messrs. Danby
+and Cheseldine, Coach Builders; as in 1901 a new site was
+obtained at the south-east corner of the Wong, and here on the
+13th day of June in that year the foundation stone of the present
+Drill Hall was laid, with much ceremony, by the Earl of
+Yarborough, supported by other public functionaries.&nbsp; We
+here give, in full, the official programme of the proceedings,
+which may be worthy of preservation, in memory of this important
+occasion.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PROGRAMME OF THE CEREMONIAL<br />
+<span class="smcap">to be observed in</span><br />
+LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE<br />
+<span class="smcap">of the</span><br />
+NEW VOLUNTEER DRILL HALL, THE WONG, HORNCASTLE,<br />
+On Thursday, the 13th day of June, 1901.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">the stone will
+be laid by the</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Right Worshipful the Provincial Grand Master
+of Lincolnshire</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">The Right Hon. the Earl of Yarborough</span>,
+<span class="smcap">P.C.</span>, <span
+class="smcap">D.L.</span>,<br />
+Past Grand Warden of England, R.W. Provincial Grand Master;<br />
+<span class="smcap">assisted by the</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Worshipful the Deputy Provincial Grand
+Master</span>, <span class="smcap">Bro. W. H. Sissons</span>,
+<span class="smcap">D.L.</span>, <span
+class="smcap">J.P.</span>,<br />
+And Officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 149--><a
+name="page149"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+149</span>CEREMONIAL.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Members of the Provincial Grand
+Lodge and Visiting Brethren will assemble at the<br />
+Wesleyan Schoolroom, Horncastle, at 12 o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">A Procession will be formed at
+12&ndash;15 precisely, in the following order:<br />
+Two Tylers, with drawn Swords.<br />
+Visiting Brethren.<br />
+The Lodges of the Province, according to their numbers, Juniors
+going first.<br />
+The W. Masters of the Olive Union and Shakspeare Lodges, with
+Trowel and Gavel.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Cornucopi&aelig; with Corn and
+Salt,<br />
+borne by Masters of Lodges</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Ewers with Wine and Oil,<br />
+borne by Masters of Lodges.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Past Provincial Grand
+Officers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Superintendent
+of Works, with the Plate bearing the inscription for the
+Foundation Stone.<br />
+Provincial Grand Officer.<br />
+Provincial Grand Deacons, with Wands.<br />
+Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer, with Phial containing Coins to
+be deposited in the Stone.<br />
+The Corinthian Light, borne by the Master of the Franklin
+Lodge.<br />
+The Column of the Junior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the
+Master of the Witham Lodge.<br />
+The Junior Provincial Grand Warden, with Plumb Rule.<br />
+The Doric Light, borne by the Master of the Doric Lodge.<br />
+The Column of the Senior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the
+Master of the Pelham Pillar Lodge.<br />
+The Senior Provincial Grand Warden, with the Level.&nbsp; The
+Provincial Grand Chaplains, bearing the Volume of the Sacred
+Law.<br />
+The Provincial Grand Secretary, with Book of Constitutions.<br />
+The Provincial Grand Standard Bearers, with Banner of Provincial
+Grand Lodge.<br />
+Provincial Grand Sword Bearer.<br />
+The W. Deputy Provincial Grand Master, with Square.<br />
+The Ionic Light, borne by the Master of the Yarborough Lodge.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">The R.W.&nbsp; Provincial Grand
+Master.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p style="text-align: center">Provincial Grand Tyler, with
+Sword.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">On arrival at the site, the
+Brethren will divide right and left, allowing the R.W P.G.M.
+preceded by the Sword Bearers followed by the Acting Officers, to
+pass to their positions, and the brethren will then file round
+the Acting Officers.<br />
+The W.M. of the Olive Union Lodge will then request the
+Provincial Grand Master to lay the Foundation Stone.<br />
+The Deputy Provincial Grand Master will deliver the Ancient
+Opening Address.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HYMN&mdash;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Hail!&nbsp; Eternal! by whose
+aid<br />
+All created things were made,<br />
+Heaven and earth Thy vast design,<br />
+Hear us, Architect Divine!</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">May our work, begun in thee,<br />
+Ever blest with <span class="smcap">order</span> be;<br />
+And may we, when labours cease,<br />
+Part in <span class="smcap">harmony</span> and <span
+class="smcap">peace</span>.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">By Thy glorious Majesty&mdash;<br
+/>
+By the <span class="smcap">trust</span> we place in
+Thee&mdash;<br />
+By the badge and Mystic sign&mdash;<br />
+Hear us, Architect Divine!&nbsp; So mote it be.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Chaplin will
+offer Prayer.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Architect will then present the
+Plans for Inspection.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Acting Provincial Grand
+Treasurer will then deposit the Coins, &amp;c., in the cavity of
+the stone.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Secretary will
+read aloud the inscription on the Stone and Plate, which<br />
+will then be placed in position.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The W. Master, 1304, will then
+present the Trowel to the P.G.M., who will adjust the cement,<br
+/>
+and the upper stone will be lowered, with three distinct
+stops.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 150--><a
+name="page150"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 150</span>The R.W.
+the P.G.M. will now prove the just position and form of the stone
+by the Plumb Rule, Level, and Square, which will be successively
+handed to him by the P.G. Junior Warden, the P.G. Senior Warden,
+and Deputy Provincial Grand Master.&nbsp; Being satisfied in
+these particulars, he will give the stone three knocks with the
+Mallet, which will be delivered to him by the Grand
+Superintendent of Works.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Cornucopi&aelig;, containing
+the Corn and Salt, and the Ewers, with the Wine and Oil, will
+next be handed to the R.W. the P.G.M., who will strew the Corn
+and Salt, and pour the Wine and Oil over the stone, with the
+accustomed ceremonies.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Invocation by the P.G.
+Chaplain.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The R.W. the P.G.M. having
+inspected the Plan of the intended building, will deliver the
+same to the Architect, together with the several tools used in
+proving the position of the stone, and desire him to proceed
+without loss of time to the completion of the Work, in conformity
+with the Plan.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The following Hymn will then be
+sung:&mdash;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">God of Light! whose love
+unceasing<br />
+Doth to all Thy works extend,<br />
+Crown our Order with Thy blessing.<br />
+Build&mdash;sustain us to the end.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Humbly now we bow before Thee,<br
+/>
+Grateful for Thine aid Divine;<br />
+Everlasting power and glory,<br />
+Mighty Architect, be Thine.&nbsp; So mote it be</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Procession will return in
+inverse order to the P.G. Lodge Room.</p>
+<p>This hall is a spacious and lofty building, well adapted for
+its purpose, and also (as it is frequently used) for theatricals,
+and other entertainments; having a permanent stage, dressing
+rooms, lavatories, &amp;c., with a commodious kitchen attached,
+and every convenience for cooking, &amp;c.&nbsp; The cost of the
+whole was about &pound;2,000, raised by public subscriptions.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 151--><a name="page151"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 151</span>CHAPTER XI.<br />
+HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &amp;c.</h2>
+<h3>MISS ANNIE DIXON.</h3>
+<p>Miss Annie Dixon, the artist, was a native of Horncastle of
+whom the town may well be proud.&nbsp; She was the eldest
+daughter of a corn chandler, living on the Spilsby Road, now
+called East Street; he had two sons and five daughters.&nbsp; We
+know nothing of the sons, but Miss Annie early developed great
+taste in water-colour painting; and among her early productions
+was a miniature of a near relative of the present writer, done in
+1855.&nbsp; Another of Miss H. A. Palmer, eldest daughter of
+Captain Moffat Palmer, of Horncastle, and widow of the late
+George Storer, Esq., of Thoroton Hall, Notts., late M.P. for S.
+Notts., was done about the same time.&nbsp; She afterwards
+removed to London, and became the first miniature painter of her
+day; was a frequent exhibitor in the Royal Academy, and a
+favourite with Queen Victoria and the Royal family, of most of
+whom she painted miniatures.&nbsp; She died unmarried Feb 15th,
+1901, aged 83, and was buried in the Horncastle cemetery.</p>
+<p>Another daughter, Leonora, married a Mr. F. Stapleforth, of
+Holbeach.&nbsp; Two other sisters, Fanny and Emily, unmarried,
+carried on a ladies&rsquo; school at Spalding; and another,
+Charlotte, married a former Under Master of the Horncastle
+Grammar School, Rev. W. Hutchinson, who in 1862 was appointed by
+the Lord Chancellor Vicar of Howden, in Yorkshire.&nbsp; Of these
+Emily, died unmarried, May 28th, 1903, aged 80, and was also
+buried in the cemetery; as well as Charlotte (Mrs. Hutchinson),
+who died Oct. 19th, in the same year, aged 73.&nbsp; Their graves
+are situated to the east of the chapel.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 152--><a name="page152"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 152</span>LORD ALLERTON.</h3>
+<p>Lord Allerton, formerly Mr. William Lawnes Jackson, is a
+member of a Horncastle family.&nbsp; A near relative was a
+well-known object, a few years ago, in our streets as a cripple,
+going about on a donkey, lying flat on a large saddle or
+&ldquo;pad,&rdquo; his only means of locomotion.&nbsp; Lord
+Allerton&rsquo;s father, William Jackson, left Horncastle for
+Leeds, somewhere in the &ldquo;thirties,&rdquo; or the
+&ldquo;forties,&rdquo; going it is said, with only half a
+sovereign in his pocket, given by an aunt, and a spare shirt
+given by an uncle.&nbsp; At Leeds he found employment in the
+tanyard of a Mr. Robert Barker, where he presently became
+foreman.&nbsp; He afterwards returned to Horncastle and worked in
+the tanyard of the late Mr. Hawling; but went back to Leeds and
+commenced tanning on his own account, at Meanwood near Leeds, and
+afterwards on a still larger scale at Buslingthorpe.&nbsp; He
+speedily began to prosper, and in due course was succeeded by his
+son; who made a large fortune in the same business.&nbsp; He
+became a magistrate of Leeds, and was elected to the Mayoralty in
+1895.&nbsp; He represented North Leeds in Parliament for many
+years, as a conservative, being first elected in April, 1880, and
+re-elected five times, with ever increasing majorities.&nbsp; He
+was for many years a Director and Chairman of G.N.R. Company, and
+held other public offices.&nbsp; In 1896 he succeeded Mr. A. J.
+Balfour, under Lord Salisbury&rsquo;s administration, as Chief
+Secretary for Ireland, being also, for several years, Financial
+Secretary of the Treasury; and was raised to the peerage in June,
+1902.&nbsp; He was born in 1840, married in 1860, Grace, the only
+daughter of George Tempest, Esq.&nbsp; He owns, as his country
+seat, Allerton Hall, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, and 27, Cadogan
+Square, as his town residence.&nbsp; His uncle, Mr. John Green,
+still lives in Horncastle, on the Edlington Road.</p>
+<h3>EDWARD GILLIAT.</h3>
+<p>Edward Gilliat was the eldest son of the late Mr. George
+Gilliat, of the Manor House (now called
+&ldquo;Banovallum&rdquo;), by his second wife.&nbsp; He was
+educated partly at the Grammar School, being afterwards a pupil
+of Canon Sanderson, at Seaford, Sussex.&nbsp; He entered at
+Pembroke College, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship in
+1861.&nbsp; In 1862 he took a 1st class in Classical Moderations,
+and 1st Liter&aelig; Humaniores, 1864.&nbsp; In 1867 he was
+<i>Proxime accessit</i> for the Latin essay.&nbsp; He was
+appointed Assistant Master at Westminster School, Sept., 1867,
+holding the post to Dec., 1870.&nbsp; He was ordained deacon in
+1870 and priest in 1871, by the Bishop of London.&nbsp; In Sep.
+1871, he was appointed Assistant Master at Harrow, where he
+remained till 1900.&nbsp; He has been a voluminous writer,
+publishing his first work, <i>Asylum Christi</i>, 3 vols., in
+1875; <i>On the Wolds</i>, 1879; <i>Under the Downs</i>, 1882;
+<i>Forest Outlaws</i>, 1886; <i>John Standish</i>, 1889; <i>In
+Lincoln Green</i>, 1893; <i>Wolf Head</i>, 1898; <i>The
+King&rsquo;s Reeve</i>, 1899; <i>Romance of Modern Sieges</i>,
+1907; and <i>God save King Alfred</i>, in the same year.&nbsp; He
+also published, for the S.P.C.K., <i>Dorothy Dymoke</i>, and
+<i>Champion of the Right</i>.&nbsp; He has now retired from
+scholastic work and resides at St. Catherine&rsquo;s Hill,
+Worcester.</p>
+<h3>FREDERICK GROSVENOR.</h3>
+<p>We have already in our notice of the Grammar School (p. 98)
+given an account of the Rev. Francis Grosvenor, son of an
+ironmonger in the town; <!-- page 153--><a
+name="page153"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 153</span>there was
+also another son, Frederick, educated under Dr. J. Bainbridge
+Smith, at the school, who graduated at Oxford, and was ordained
+deacon in 1860, and priest in 1861.&nbsp; He held a curacy at
+Basford, Notts, 1860&ndash;62; was travelling Chaplain to the
+Bishop of Brisbane, 1862&ndash;65; Curate of Holy Trinity,
+Westminster, 1866&ndash;67; of St. Mary&rsquo;s, Hulme,
+Manchester, 1867&ndash;69; of St. Gabriel&rsquo;s, Canning Town,
+London, 1869&ndash;73; at Dudley, 1874&ndash;76; and at Hornsea,
+near Hull, 1876&ndash;85; when he, like his brother Francis,
+retired to Epsom, and succeeded him as Chaplain to the Union
+there, until his decease.</p>
+<h3>WILLIAM BARTON CAPARN.</h3>
+<p>Mr. John Caparn, Chemist, having a shop in the High Street
+(now occupied by Mr. Herbert Carlton), had a son, William Barton
+Caparn, who graduated at Brazenose College, Oxford, taking
+honours, in 1843.&nbsp; He was ordained deacon in 1843, and
+priest in 1845, in the diocese of Ripon.&nbsp; He became Vicar of
+East and West Torrington, near Wragby, in 1846, which he held
+till 1859.&nbsp; He held the benefice, as Vicar, of Drayton,
+Somersetshire, from 1866 to 1875.&nbsp; Having private means, he
+gave up that benefice, and became Curate of Angersleigh, in the
+same county, 1877&ndash;79; which he then gave up, and undertook
+the Chaplaincy of the Taunton Union, and local hospital.&nbsp;
+These he resigned after a few years, and resided at Taunfield
+House, Taunton, until his death, April 10th, 1892.&nbsp; He
+published various minor works; the first being a small volume on
+<i>Epitaphs</i>, later productions were <i>Meditations to be used
+in Church before Divine Service</i>; <i>Councils and warnings
+before and after Confirmation</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>George Gilliat, Esq., late of The Wharf, Horncastle, married,
+as his first wife, Miss Caparn, a sister.&nbsp; Miss Helen
+Caparn, another sister, married Mr. William Sharples, Surgeon, a
+partner of the late Mr. T. Snaith, of Horncastle, and one of the
+first doctors at Woodhall Spa.&nbsp; Mr. Sharples left Horncastle
+for Wisbech, being appointed by the trustees first resident
+physician at the hospital founded in that town by Miss Trafford
+Southwell.&nbsp; Losing an only daughter while there, the shock
+was so great, that he resigned the post, and removed to Taunton,
+and took up there the practice of a deceased brother, which he
+carried on until his death, Feb. 8th, 1897.&nbsp; At Horncastle
+he resided for some years in the old vicarage, south of the
+churchyard, afterwards moving to the house next the
+&ldquo;Fighting Cocks&rdquo; Inn, called &ldquo;Westholme
+House.&rdquo;&nbsp; For some years he was a very popular
+Secretary to the Southwold Hunt.</p>
+<h3>W. H. BENSON BROWN.</h3>
+<p>Among more recent natives of Horncastle, who have
+distinguished themselves, is the son of the late Mr. Robert
+Brown, of the Market Place.&nbsp; He graduated at University
+College, Durham, as Licentiate in Theology, 1887, and was
+ordained deacon in 1890, priest in 1891, holding the curacy of
+North Ormsby, near Middlesborough; and was appointed Rector of
+Bucknall, near Horncastle, in 1898, by the patron his
+father-in-law, the late Mr. James Dunham, Merchant, of
+Horncastle.&nbsp; He was appointed Inspector of Schools,
+1899.&nbsp; Mr. Benson Brown is an energetic worker, has restored
+his church, adding a carved reredos of oak, a handsome lectern,
+and filling the east window with good stained glass.&nbsp; He has
+also introduced various reforms and improvements in the
+parish.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 154--><a name="page154"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 154</span>WILLIAM HENEAGE SHARP.</h3>
+<p>Another native of Horncastle, who has already done credit to
+the town is the son of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, in the Bull
+Ring; of a very old firm, established in 1760, and doing an
+European business.&nbsp; William Heneage Sharp was educated at
+the local Grammar School, 1885&ndash;9, where he gained the first
+scholarship granted by the Governors, under the reformed
+system.&nbsp; He then went to the college at Framlingham,
+Suffolk, 1889&ndash;90, a county institution founded as a
+memorial of the late Prince Consort, and there gained several
+prizes.&nbsp; He then became a Junior Master in a private school
+at Devizes; and during his stay there took the 2nd and 4th prizes
+at the College of Preceptors.&nbsp; He next accepted a Mastership
+at John Ellis&rsquo;s endowed school in South London (Gospel
+Oak).&nbsp; After which he studied at King&rsquo;s College,
+London, 1899&ndash;1901, where he gained the Jelf prize for
+Dogmatic Theology, the Senior Wordsworth prize for Latin, and the
+Barry Divinity Prize.&nbsp; He was also appointed Precentor, and
+afterwards Dean, of the college, being senior student of his
+year, and taking a first-class in the final examination.&nbsp; He
+was ordained by the Bishop of London, in St. Paul&rsquo;s
+Cathedral, in 1901, being appointed &ldquo;Gospellor&rdquo; on
+the occasion.&nbsp; He was Curate of Staines, Middlesex,
+1901&ndash;3, removing afterwards to St. John the Evangelist,
+Holborn, 1903&ndash;8; and was then appointed Theological Tutor
+and Sub-Warden at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield, in
+the Diocese of Ripon.</p>
+<h3>ALFRED H. HEALEY.</h3>
+<p>A youth of Horncastle who has distinguished himself, though
+chiefly in another line, is Alfred H. Healey, son of the late Mr.
+Alfred Healey, Brewer and Merchant, of Horncastle, Branston and
+Lincoln.&nbsp; He was appointed to a Mastership of Ardingly
+College, Sussex, but removed to Alnwick College more
+recently.&nbsp; A member of a family remarkable for their
+ability; a brother, though still young, being high up in the
+Civil Service; he is specially distinguished as an athlete.&nbsp;
+Among his performances are the following:</p>
+<p>Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906, 2nd in 110 metres hurdle
+race.</p>
+<p>English Championship, 120 yards hurdle race, at Manchester,
+1907, 2nd.</p>
+<p>Northern Counties&rsquo; 100 yards Championship, hurdle race,
+Darlington, 1905, 2nd.</p>
+<p>Northern Counties&rsquo; Champion, 100 yards, at Batley, 1907,
+1st.</p>
+<p>Northern Counties&rsquo; Champion, 120 yards, at Batley, 1907,
+1st.</p>
+<p>Northern Counties&rsquo; Champion, 220 yards, at Darlington,
+1907, 1st.</p>
+<p>Northern Counties&rsquo; Champion, long jump, at Darlington,
+1907, 1st.</p>
+<p>A record, no one before having won more than two events.&nbsp;
+His &ldquo;bests&rdquo; have been: 100 yards in 10 seconds; 120
+yards (hurdles) 16 and three-fifth seconds; 220 yards (hurdles)
+23 seconds; high jump, 5-ft. 8-in.; long jump, 22-ft. 4-in.&nbsp;
+He was also selected to represent England in the foot races at
+the Franco-British Exhibition, at Shepherd&rsquo;s Bush,
+1908.</p>
+<h3>WILLIAM MARWOOD.</h3>
+<p>Horncastle had, for some years, the dubious honour of being
+the home of the public hangman.&nbsp; William Marwood was born at
+Goulceby, about six miles from Horncastle, and afterwards lived
+some years in Old Bolingbroke, coming to Horncastle about 1860;
+where he was a shoemaker, having a small shop in Church Street,
+now occupied by Mr. Joseph Borrill, of the same trade.&nbsp;
+Before being himself appointed hangman he assisted his
+predecessor in that office, <!-- page 155--><a
+name="page155"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 155</span>Calcraft,
+and succeeded him in 1872; continuing the duties until his death,
+Sept. 4th, 1883; when he in turn was succeeded by Bartholomew
+Binns.&nbsp; He was rather short in stature, with large square
+head and large hands, indicative of firmness of character.&nbsp;
+His first official act was to hang a man named Francis Horry, at
+Lincoln, who murdered his wife at Boston, in 1872; his last was
+to hang a man, James Burton, at Durham, who murdered his young
+wife, aged only 18, from jealousy.&nbsp; On this occasion the man
+fainted on the scaffold, and got entangled with the rope under
+his arm, and Marwood had to lift him in his arms to get him
+disentangled, and then drop the unconscious man down&mdash;a
+painful scene. <a name="citation155"></a><a href="#footnote155"
+class="citation">[155]</a>&nbsp; This was only about a fortnight
+before his own death.&nbsp; Among his last executions was that of
+Charles Peace, a notorious burglar, who shot a man at Banner
+Cross, near Sheffield.&nbsp; In May, 1882, he went to Dublin to
+execute the perpetrators of the Ph&oelig;nix Park murders, three
+Fenians, who shot Lord E. Cavendish, and his secretary, Mr.
+Burke.&nbsp; In his last illness, which was short, it was
+suspected that his health had been in some way injured through
+Fenian agency, and a post mortem examination was held by order of
+the Home Secretary, but a verdict was returned of &ldquo;natural
+death.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, of the Bull Ring,
+was one of the jury on this occasion.</p>
+<p>Marwood&rsquo;s wife was, for some years, ignorant of her
+husband&rsquo;s official occupation, as he generally accounted
+for his absence by saying that he had to go away to settle some
+legal question.&nbsp; Visiting the slaughter-house of a
+neighbouring butcher, he observed to him that he could
+&ldquo;do&rdquo; for men as the butcher did for cattle, because
+the men whom he had to deal with were themselves
+&ldquo;beasts.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Some of Marwood&rsquo;s official paraphernalia are still
+preserved at the Portland Arms Inn, Portland Street, Lincoln,
+where he generally stayed at an execution.&nbsp; The late Mr.
+Charles Chicken, who resided in Foundry Street, Horncastle, had a
+rope 1&frac14;-in. thick, given him by Marwood, with which he had
+hanged six or seven criminals.&nbsp; Other ropes used by him are
+in Madam Tussaud&rsquo;s exhibition, in Baker Street, London,
+where there is also a bust of himself.&nbsp; He used to exhibit
+his ropes to foreign horse-dealers, who attended the great August
+Fair at Horncastle, at a charge of 6d. each.&nbsp; There was
+recently a portrait of Marwood, in crayons, in a barber&rsquo;s
+shop, 29, Bridge Street, drawn by J. S. Lill, postman, but this
+has now disappeared.&nbsp; Marwood&rsquo;s favourite dog, Nero,
+and other effects were sold by auction, after his death in 1883,
+by Mr. W. B. Parish.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p>
+<p>Other Horncastrians whose lives, or circumstances, were more
+or less exceptional, may be here also briefly noticed.</p>
+<h3>HENRY TURNER.</h3>
+<p>Mr. Henry Turner, about the middle of the 19th century, was a
+corn and coal merchant, and also land agent for Sir Henry Dymoke,
+Bart., of Scrivelsby Court.&nbsp; He occupied the house at the
+corner of South Street, next the water side, then a private
+residence, but now the shop of Mr. F. Stuchbery,
+Ironmonger.&nbsp; He married the widow of Arthur Thistlewood, a
+native of Horsington, noted, in his later years, as the leader of
+the &ldquo;Cato Street Conspiracy,&rdquo; which <!-- page
+156--><a name="page156"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+156</span>proposed to assassinate the ministers of the
+government, in London, when attending a dinner at Lord
+Harrowby&rsquo;s residence, in February, 1820.&nbsp; The plot was
+discovered and frustrated, and Thistlewood, with others of his
+guilty confreres, was executed on May 1st in that year.&nbsp;
+Mrs. Turner was the daughter of a butcher, named Wilkinson, whose
+shop was situated in the High Street, where is now the shop of
+Mr. Uriah Spratt.</p>
+<h3>MARTIN BROWN.</h3>
+<p>Mr. Martin Brown, grandfather of Mr. W. H. Brown, Plumber and
+Glazier, of Church Lane, was in the early part of the 19th
+century captured by the press gang in Horncastle, and made to
+serve in H.M.S. Mars, in the war with Napoleon.&nbsp; In one
+contest his ship was lashed to a French man-of-war, to fight it
+out, and his captain was killed.&nbsp; He survived to tell the
+story till 90 years of age, with scarcely a day&rsquo;s illness,
+until his death, Nov. 9th, 1866.&nbsp; He lies buried in Holy
+Trinity churchyard, his wife, who predeceased him by several
+years, being buried in St. Mary&rsquo;s churchyard, on the
+south-east side.</p>
+<h3>CAPTAIN SHEPHERD.</h3>
+<p>Captain Shepherd, an old naval officer, lived many years, and
+died, in Union Street, now called Queen Street.&nbsp; He had had
+many voyages and experiences, which he was fond of recounting to
+his many friends.&nbsp; He had brought home many trophies and
+curiosities; among other things he gave an Indian bow, made of
+sugar cane, and poisoned arrows, to the present writer, when a
+boy.</p>
+<h3>MISS FRANKLIN.</h3>
+<p>In the next house to Captain Shepherd resided Miss Franklin,
+sister of the great arctic navigator, Sir John Franklin.&nbsp;
+Much interest was taken in Horncastle in the fate of Sir John,
+when absent on his last polar voyage, and considerable sums were
+raised, more than once, among the residents in the town, to
+assist Lady Franklin in sending out vessels in search of her
+husband, under the command of Captain Leopold MacClintock and
+others.&nbsp; We have mentioned elsewhere that a public dinner
+was given to Sir John, at the Bull Hotel, just before he sailed
+for the last time to the north.</p>
+<p>In connection with this it may be added that the son of
+another great arctic explorer, Sir John Ross, used to visit
+friends in Horncastle, and is still remembered.&nbsp; Sir John
+Ross sailed in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848, but was
+unsuccessful.</p>
+<h3>EDMUND KEANE.</h3>
+<p>Edmund Keane, the Tragedian visited Horncastle with his
+company, in the first half of the 19th century, and acted in a
+large building, which is now the warehouse of Mr. Herbert
+Carlton, Chemist.&nbsp; The mother of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler,
+and the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary&rsquo;s Square, among
+others, witnessed these performances.&nbsp; In connection with
+this, it may be added, that Mr. Charles Keane, Actor, son of the
+above, sent two nieces to be educated at a ladies&rsquo; school,
+kept by Mrs. Nicholson, Bank Street, Horncastle, and on their
+leaving he made her a present of a valuable pianoforte.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 157--><a name="page157"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 157</span>AMBROSE LANGLEY.</h3>
+<p>About 30 years ago Robert Langley kept an inn in South Street,
+called the &ldquo;Coach and Horses,&rdquo; on the premises now
+occupied by Mr. Crowson, Grocer.&nbsp; His son, Ambrose Langley,
+became a noted footballer, in Horncastle and neighbourhood.&nbsp;
+He afterwards left the town and joined the Grimsby Town Football
+Club; subsequently he went to Middlesborough, Yorkshire, playing
+for the Ironopolis Football Club.&nbsp; He afterwards joined the
+Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, which team he was with eight
+years, being captain three years; playing in the final for the
+English Cup, for that team, when they beat Wolverhampton
+Wanderers by two goals to one, in 1896.&nbsp; Leaving Sheffield
+Wednesday he became manager of the Hull City Football Club, which
+position he now (season 1907&ndash;8) holds.</p>
+<h3>CAPTAIN SURGEON SMITH.</h3>
+<p>Captain Surgeon Smith, son of a draper, Mr. Walker Smith, who
+occupied, about 25 years ago, the shop near the Post Office, on
+the south side of the High Street, now occupied by Mr. Redmore,
+enlisted as a private in the Army Hospital Corps; and,
+afterwards, passing all examinations with credit, he rose from
+the ranks to become medical officer in the corps; an exceptional
+instance of such promotion.</p>
+<h3>HENRY ALLENBY.</h3>
+<p>Henry Allenby, son of a fellmonger, Mr. Richard Allenby,
+residing near the Wong, and having a tanyard on the Lincoln Road,
+became an assistant chemist at St. Albans.&nbsp; Afterwards
+coming under notice, in a chemist&rsquo;s shop in London, he was
+selected to accompany the Duke of Edinburgh in his tour round the
+world, in H.M.S. Galatea, as dispenser to the expedition.&nbsp;
+This was in 1866; and in this capacity he visited India, Japan,
+China, Australia, &amp;c.</p>
+<h3>JOHN SCHOFIELD.</h3>
+<p>Mr. Robert Schofield, Landlord (in the middle of the last
+century) of the Saracen&rsquo;s Head Inn, Bridge Street,
+Horncastle, had a son, John, who left Horncastle for London, and
+became a member of the Stock Exchange, where, from small
+beginnings, he became so successful in business, that he
+eventually married a daughter of Bishop Blomfield, of London.</p>
+<h3>MISS ROBINSON.</h3>
+<p>The Rev. W. Robinson, Vicar of Wood Enderby and Wilkesby, in
+the middle of the 19th century, like several other clergy, who at
+that time had no country residences, lived in Horncastle.&nbsp;
+His daughter, happening to be of the same size and figure as
+Queen Victoria, was for several years engaged in the
+Queen&rsquo;s service, as a living model, on whom were
+&ldquo;tried&rdquo; all dresses intended for the Queen.&nbsp; In
+return for this she received, as a perquisite, her
+Majesty&rsquo;s cast-off dresses, from the sale of which she
+realised an acceptable income.&nbsp; It is said that, through
+her, on the marriage of a lady friend, the dresses of both bride
+and bridesmaids were all royal attire.&nbsp; It was generally
+understood that <!-- page 158--><a name="page158"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 158</span>this appointment was due to the
+representations, in her favour, of Miss Annie Dixon, the artist
+(herself a native of Horncastle, mentioned elsewhere), who was at
+that time a <i>grata persona</i> with the royal family.</p>
+<h3>JOHN CUSSONS.</h3>
+<p>Mr. John Cussons, son of the late Mr. John Cussons, Baker, in
+the Bull Ring, and nephew of the late Mr. David Cussons, Printer
+and Bookseller, High Street, Horncastle, ran away before his
+apprenticeship had expired, and went to America, settling in the
+Confederate States.&nbsp; He there espoused the Confederate cause
+against the Federals, and took a leading part in the civil war,
+commanding Confederate forces in several important
+engagements.&nbsp; Since that time he has visited Horncastle, and
+has published a history of his military operations.&nbsp; He now
+resides on his own property, at Forest Lodge, Glen Allen,
+Virginia.&nbsp; His last publication, in 1908, is <i>Jack
+Sterry</i>, <i>the Jessie Scout</i>.&nbsp; He is also the author
+of <i>A Glance at Current History</i>, <i>The Passage of the
+Thoroughfare Gap</i>, <i>Some Modern Pillars of State</i>,
+<i>Principles of Cryptiography</i>, <i>Assimilating the
+Indian</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+<h3>HENRY ALLISON.</h3>
+<p>Henry Allison, son of Mr. Allison, Miller, formerly residing
+in West Street, married a daughter of Mr. David Cussons, and
+leaving the town about 1848, settled in Hull, where he
+established a large business as paper manufacturer.&nbsp; He was
+elected Mayor of Hull; and died some years ago, leaving a widow,
+who resides in a large mansion, which he built on the outskirts
+of the town, Marlborough House, Anlaby Road.&nbsp; The business,
+with several branches, is still carried on by members of his
+family.</p>
+<h3>JOHN BROWN.</h3>
+<p>John Brown, the &ldquo;Poet Laureate&rdquo; of Horncastle, has
+already been mentioned; he is chiefly known by the volume
+<i>Liter&aelig; Laureat&oelig;</i>, published in 1890, dedicated
+to Lord Tennyson, by permission, and containing most of his
+poetical productions.&nbsp; These are remarkable for his
+knowledge of Lincolnshire dialect and local folk-lore.&nbsp; The
+volume was published, after his death, on behalf of his
+widow.</p>
+<p>He was born in the first workhouse, adjoining St. Mary&rsquo;s
+churchyard, his parents being in charge of that
+institution.&nbsp; Being first apprenticed to a cabinet maker,
+Mr. J. Williams, when only just &ldquo;in his teens,&rdquo; he
+ran away to Hull, and took service on a vessel, the Margaret,
+bound for Cronstadt.&nbsp; His first voyage, however, was
+sufficient to disgust him with marine life.&nbsp; When about 15
+he found employment with a theatrical scene painter from London,
+who settled in Horncastle.&nbsp; He afterwards went to London to
+learn his trade as a house decorator.&nbsp; He married in 1833 a
+Miss Gainsborough, of Alford.&nbsp; In 1838 he went to Lincoln,
+and for some years carried on his trade there.&nbsp; In 1848 he
+returned to Horncastle, and still carrying on his trade, became a
+member of a literary coterie, who used to hold meetings in the
+coffee room of the Bull Hotel.&nbsp; In 1860 he bought a house on
+the Louth Road, which he opened as the Globe Inn, and which
+became the resort of his literary friends.&nbsp; Literature,
+however, did not conduce to business.&nbsp; In 1872 his health
+failing, and his savings <!-- page 159--><a
+name="page159"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 159</span>having
+evaporated, he was granted a residence in the Whelpton
+Almshouses, where he continued to employ his pen, in comfort,
+until his death in 1890. <a name="citation159"></a><a
+href="#footnote159" class="citation">[159]</a></p>
+<h3>THOMAS BAKER.</h3>
+<p>The late Mr. Thomas Baker has already been referred to, but is
+worthy of a fuller account.&nbsp; He was not a native of
+Horncastle, but lived in the town more than 60 years, and became
+so identified with its interests, in many ways, that he may well
+be regarded as one of its &ldquo;worthies.&rdquo;&nbsp; Born in
+1814, at Braintree, in Essex, he was the son of a veterinary
+surgeon in that town, his family having previously there owned
+the once well-known coaching house, named The Horn Inn; although
+earlier members of his family had occupied a higher position; one
+of them, named Thorowgood, having founded the Grammar School at
+Oxford.</p>
+<p>Before coming to Horncastle, in 1841, Mr. Baker was known on
+more than one county cricket ground, and had distinguished
+himself on the University ground at Cambridge,
+&ldquo;Parker&rsquo;s Piece.&rdquo;&nbsp; On coming to Horncastle
+he immediately made his mark in cricket as a round-hand bowler;
+and the leading young men of the neighbourhood became his
+pupils.&nbsp; One of his feats was, in a match between an 11 of
+All England and 22 gentlemen of the county; when he bowled out,
+with his first ball, Iddison, Captain of the All England
+team.&nbsp; The great matches in which he took part for many
+years were too many to tell.&nbsp; Among other things he had the
+distinction of being employed by Sir Evelyn Wood to train a
+village club in his parish.</p>
+<p>Besides his cricketing skill he was remarkable for his
+ventriloquial powers; and the story was told, that, while sitting
+in conversation with two strangers, at the Bull Hotel, he threw
+his voice under the table.&nbsp; The two sprang up to catch the
+supposed eavesdropper, when he at once calmed them by throwing
+his voice in another direction, and then letting them into the
+secret.&nbsp; He was also, in his way, a fair actor; and, with
+the late Mr. John Brown, the Horncastle Laureate, and others, he
+helped to amuse considerable audiences, in town and
+neighbourhood.&nbsp; In comedy he could take all the parts
+himself, rapidly changing his dress, and at one moment adopting
+the high falsetto tones of an old crone, and the next moment
+speaking in the deeper accents of a strong man.&nbsp; It is
+greatly to his credit that, only having for many years a small
+shop, famed chiefly for his two specialites, &ldquo;bull
+eyes&rdquo; and &ldquo;Grantham ginger-bread,&rdquo; he brought
+up a large family, who have taken good positions in various parts
+of the country.&nbsp; He was a staunch conservative and
+churchman.</p>
+<p>In his later years he was often visited by strangers, who were
+entertained by his fund of anecdote and cricketing
+reminiscences.&nbsp; Among these we may name the novelist, Miss
+Marie Corelli, who, while staying at Woodhall Spa, sought his
+acquaintance, as being one of the &ldquo;characters&rdquo; of the
+neighbourhood, and to his delight she gave him her
+autograph.&nbsp; Mr. J. J. Hissey, the author of <i>A Driving
+Tour in Lincolnshire</i>, also visited him at his house in
+Horncastle, and says of him &ldquo;although wearing a shabby
+garb, he struck me with his perfect self-possession, and superior
+manners. . . .&nbsp; I have met many characters, but Mr. Baker
+struck me as being the most remarkable.&rdquo;&nbsp; He died Feb.
+12th, 1903, aged 88; and in his last illness letters poured in
+upon him from old friends and pupils, expressing their sympathy
+and their pleasant recollections of his company.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 160--><a name="page160"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 160</span>ODDITIES.</h3>
+<p>To these &ldquo;worthies&rdquo; of the town we here add two or
+three of its &ldquo;oddities.&rdquo;&nbsp; About 1844 Billy
+Boulton, who kept an inn in Millstone Street, now called North
+Street, named the Tom Cat, was noted for his great strength; for
+a wager he dragged a &ldquo;dung cart&rdquo; on the turnpike
+road, from Lincoln, to his own yard in Horncastle, a distance of
+over 21 miles.&nbsp; It is said, however, that he suffered from
+rupture for the rest of his life, as a consequence of the great
+and continued exertion involved in this feat.&nbsp; The inn is
+now named The Cricketers&rsquo; Arms, but it may be noticed that
+the figure of a cat is still engraven on a pane of the front
+window.</p>
+<p>The same man bought the wife of a man named Rogers, a boatman,
+who put her up for auction, standing on a tub, with a halter
+round her neck, in the public street; the price paid being
+&pound;20.&nbsp; She had a son and daughter by Boulton, who both
+lived to be married, but died early.&nbsp; In after years, having
+lost her (so called) husband, Boulton, she removed to Lincoln,
+and there meeting her former husband, Rogers, she became
+reconciled to him, and both again lived together, as man and
+wife, until death. <a name="citation160"></a><a
+href="#footnote160" class="citation">[160]</a></p>
+<p>A man, known as Aty Rushton (short for Horatio), who lived in
+Horncastle, on the West Ashby Road, about the same period, and
+let out horses on hire, being in Lincoln, laid a wager that he
+would set off from Lincoln, above hill, just after the moon rose,
+and ride to Horncastle, 21 miles, before the moon should rise
+there; which would be later, the town being in a hollow, with a
+steep hill in the west to hide the moon for some time; while
+Lincoln is on a hill, with a view to the west over low county,
+where the moon would be seen earlier.&nbsp; He rode a swift
+animal of his own. and strained all its powers in the
+effort.&nbsp; Unfortunately there was then a toll bar on the
+Lincoln road about a mile from Horncastle, where he found the
+gate closed, and was delayed two or three minutes before the
+keeper could pass him through.&nbsp; He pressed on with all
+speed, galloping through the town, shouting in his excitement
+&ldquo;Now me! now moon!&rdquo;; but as he dashed into his own
+yard, he saw the moon shining in a bucket of water, standing by
+the stable door.&nbsp; The delay at the toll-bar had lost him his
+wager.</p>
+<p>A son of the above, Thomas Rushton, was a great fisherman, and
+not always particular where he followed his sport.&nbsp; Walking
+in the night to a certain lake in a park, about 6 miles from
+Horncastle, he fished it and landed two or three brace of good
+trout, and then about eight o&rsquo;clock in the morning, he
+called at the hall, and sold them to the squire for his
+breakfast.&nbsp; He used to tell this anecdote to his confidants,
+with his well-known chuckle of satisfaction, as a satisfactory
+stroke of business.&nbsp; Many other stories of his performances
+with &ldquo;the angle&rdquo; could be also related, but this may
+suffice.</p>
+<p>The following relates not to a native of Horncastle, but to
+one whom we may call an &ldquo;intruder,&rdquo; although he was
+to play his part (not a very creditable one) in the town.&nbsp;
+We avoid, for obvious reasons, giving names and dates.&nbsp;
+There had occurred a number of petty thefts, which made, those
+who possessed anything of value, uneasy about their treasures,
+lest their turn for spoliation might come next.&nbsp; The police
+arrangements for the town were still of a very <!-- page 161--><a
+name="page161"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 161</span>primitive
+character, and quite inadequate for due protection of the
+householder.&nbsp; The days of the &ldquo;bobby&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;peeler&rdquo; were not yet, at least in country districts;
+although Sir Robert Peel had done away with the old watchman, and
+established the present police system in the metropolis; and some
+other of our larger towns had followed suit.&nbsp; But in
+Horncastle the constable, by way of setting a thief to catch a
+thief, had, it was said, himself in his earlier years been a
+great smuggler, while in his age he was a spindle-shanked old
+man, whom a boy could knock down.&nbsp; Roused by the insecurity
+of property, the authorities decided to import a London
+detective, disguised in plain clothes.&nbsp; He came, and for a
+while marauders, among whom the secret soon leaked out, carefully
+stayed their hands.&nbsp; After a time, however, robberies began
+to recur; especially a corner shop near &ldquo;the far
+bridge,&rdquo; was the scene of considerable pilfering.&nbsp; The
+detective was called in to investigate.&nbsp; He took up the
+matter, but did not succeed in making any arrests.</p>
+<p>It was noticed by someone that a brass button was missing from
+the sort of gamekeeper&rsquo;s velveteen coat which he wore; and,
+strange to say, a button of the exact kind was found behind the
+counter of the shop where the thefts occurred.&nbsp; No public
+action was taken in the matter, but it came to be strongly
+suspected that the professional thief-taker had himself been
+guilty of thieving.&nbsp; Other suspicious circumstances
+occurred, but he was a clever man, and nothing was brought home
+against him.&nbsp; It was believed, however, that something of
+the truth had become known at head quarters, as his appointment
+was a few months later cancelled, and he was not appointed
+elsewhere.&nbsp; He continued to reside in Horncastle and, having
+no employment, he accepted the post of water bailiff to the local
+angling association, which he filled for some time, until he
+eventually disappeared from the scene of his labours, which were
+thought by not a few to be somewhat &ldquo;fishy&rdquo; in the
+unfavourable sense of being at least questionable in their
+nature.</p>
+<p>He had not left the town very long when it became known that
+certain parties had received from him some of the goods which had
+disappeared from the grocer&rsquo;s shop, which had been
+robbed.&nbsp; Sundry hams were found concealed in a hay loft, and
+it was generally believed that the robbery of an inn in the town,
+not far from the shop in question, as well as other thefts in the
+country around, had been perpetrated by him.</p>
+<h3>PUBLICHOUSES</h3>
+<p>One of the remarkable features of Horncastle is the number of
+its publichouses, and these were far more numerous formerly than
+at the present day.&nbsp; This was, of course, mainly due to the
+great number of dealers who attended the horse fairs, not only
+from all parts of England and Ireland, but from most countries on
+the continent; especially the great August fair, which formerly
+lasted no less than three weeks.&nbsp; The present facilities for
+rapid travel, by rail, and quicker means of communication, which
+now enable dealers to hear of horses for sale, and to visit them
+in their owners stables, before they are brought to the fair, has
+altered all this, and the fairs now last only a few days at the
+most.</p>
+<p>These publichouses had also generally attached to them large
+yards, and extensive stabling (as may still be seen), where the
+best horses were shewn and tried, without appearing in the
+streets.&nbsp; In consequence of the reduced need for such
+accommodation many of these publichouses have disappeared.&nbsp;
+Among <!-- page 162--><a name="page162"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 162</span>the names of those which have been
+lost, are the Royal Oak, the Peal of Bells, Cock and Breeches,
+Chequers, Hammer and Pincers, Dolphin, Pack Horse, Woolpack, Fox
+and Goose, Marquis of Granby, Blue Bell, Horseshoes, Axe and
+Cleaver, Three Maids&rsquo; Heads, Queen&rsquo;s Head, the
+George, and others which are only traditionally remembered. <a
+name="citation162"></a><a href="#footnote162"
+class="citation">[162]</a></p>
+<p>Several of these were almost contiguous.&nbsp; For instance,
+on the west side of the market, on the site of No. 1, now (1908)
+occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, formerly stood a good-sized
+publichouse, which was destroyed by fire.&nbsp; Being rebuilt, it
+became the private residence of Mr. H. Sellwood, Solicitor,
+father-in-law of the late Poet Laureate, Lord Tennyson.&nbsp;
+Separated from this, northward, by only two houses, was the Black
+Horse Inn, still existing, and next to this, on what is now part
+of the shop of Messrs. Lunn and Dodson, was the Peal of Bells,
+and not more than half-a-dozen yards distant, on the opposite
+side of the street, was the very old Saracen&rsquo;s Head, still
+existing.</p>
+<p>On the north side of the Market Place, next to what is now Mr.
+Cammack&rsquo;s cycle depot, was the Queen&rsquo;s Head Inn, now
+gone; and at the north-east corner of the Market Place, one door
+removed from St. Lawrence Street, was the Nelson Inn, still
+existing; while at the south-east corner stood the large George
+Inn, no longer existing; and near the churchyard, under the same
+roof with the old vicarage, was a much patronized dram shop, kept
+by a Mrs. Clayton, long since removed.</p>
+<p>Of some of these we are able to give particulars, not without
+interest.&nbsp; The Cock and Breeches was kept by Roland Oliver,
+a breeches maker, whose daughter migrated to London, and, as Mrs.
+Hibbert, kept an inn, the Elephant, in Fenchurch Street,
+City.&nbsp; At the Queen&rsquo;s Head were, early last century,
+barracks for volunteers or soldiers, with their drill sergeants;
+who performed their drill and practiced with &ldquo;Brown
+Bess&rdquo; in a chalk pit, on the west side of the Edlington
+Road, now disused, but still represented by a deep depression in
+the field below the footpath to Thimbleby, and at the back of the
+gardens of Mr. Frank Heane, of the Garth House, and other
+adjoining residents.</p>
+<p>At this same inn, the Queen&rsquo;s Head, some 20 years or
+more ago, on removing the bricks of the kitchen floor, the
+workmen found a skeleton, probably that of a man who had been
+murdered for his money at the August fair, and in connection with
+this, it was remembered that a farmer living at Stourton, who
+used to frequent this inn, had some years before attended the
+fair, but never returned home, nor could enquiring friends find
+any trace of him.</p>
+<p>The Nelson Hotel, on the same side of the Market Place, was
+formerly kept by an old man named Vesey, who was said to have
+been, in his earlier years, a great smuggler on the coast, but
+coming to Horncastle, he reformed, and was appointed
+constable.&nbsp; The sign of this inn is a portrait of the great
+hero of Trafalgar and the Nile, originally well painted by the
+artist, Northouse, but it has recently been repainted in the
+worst style, and almost &ldquo;improved&rdquo; out of
+recognition.</p>
+<p>The George stood on the sites now occupied by the Post Office,
+and the adjoining shop of Messrs. Salter, Shoemakers, the
+original archway of the inn yard still remaining between
+them.&nbsp; This was formerly one of the principle inns of the
+town, equal in size to the Bull and the Red Lion; and from it,
+before the railway line was opened to Horncastle, the landlord,
+Mr. Hackford, ran a coach, to meet the train at Kirkstead.&nbsp;
+An incident, in connection with the <!-- page 163--><a
+name="page163"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 163</span>George may
+here be mentioned, which is not likely to occur again.&nbsp; A
+wealthy lady, Miss Heald (who had also a house in London, where
+the writer, as a boy, visited her), occupied in those days the
+old hall (now demolished) in Edlington Park.&nbsp; She was of the
+family of Chancellor Heald, to whose memory there is a marble
+tablet, on the north wall of the chancel of St. Mary&rsquo;s
+Church.&nbsp; She had a nephew, who was an officer in the
+fashionable regiment of the Guards.&nbsp; He became enamoured of
+the once famous courtesan, Lola Montez, who had been mistress to
+the King of Bavaria, attracted by her beauty, it was said, as she
+drove, and he rode, along Rotten Row, the resort of fashion, in
+Hyde Park, London.&nbsp; She wished to make the most of the
+opportunity to regain a respectable position, and pressed her
+attentions of the young officer too persistently.&nbsp; She was a
+woman of daring and reckless temperament; and his love and
+admiration gradually, on closer acquaintance, gave way to
+fear.&nbsp; At length he did all he could to avoid her, which
+roused her bitter resentment, and at length he became in daily
+terror of her revengeful nature.&nbsp; Coming down from London to
+Horncastle, to collect his rents, he put up at the George, and
+was there found, by a friend who called upon him, sitting at his
+luncheon, but with a brace of pistols lying on the table, fully
+expecting that she would follow him, and force him into
+matrimony.&nbsp; It is said that she ended her days in an
+American prison, after perpetrating a murder in a railway
+carriage.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p163b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring"
+title=
+"Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring"
+src="images/p163s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><!-- page 164--><a name="page164"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+164</span>Another inn worthy of mention here is the Fighting
+Cocks.&nbsp; Here this once fashionable but cruel sport used to
+be practised, until it was made illegal by Act of Parliament, in
+1849, and it is said to have been clandestinely continued for
+some time longer, although a penalty of &pound;5 was
+imposed.&nbsp; An old man working on the premises in 1902 could
+remember the last fight.&nbsp; The &ldquo;pit&rdquo; was in the
+present garden, at the rear of the inn yard.</p>
+<p>In the Fighting Cocks yard were formerly the kennels of the
+South Wold hounds, and the writer can well remember going
+frequently, as a boy, while he attended the Grammar School, to
+see them fed, as well as occasionally being mounted by the whips
+on one of the horses of the hunt, when, after the hunting season,
+they went out for exercise.&nbsp; Mr. &ldquo;Jack&rdquo; Musters,
+the whilom rival of Byron for the hand of Miss Chaworth, was at
+that time Master.</p>
+<p>In the yard of this inn there still remain two large scythe
+blades affixed to the wall of an outhouse.&nbsp; The history of
+these is that they were formerly on the front of the inn, facing
+the street, because was annually held, on August 21st, what was
+called the Scythe Fair, when the county blacksmiths gathered to
+purchase scythes, to supply the Irish, and other reapers, for the
+coming harvest.&nbsp; This was discontinued when the machinery
+for reaping came into use.</p>
+<p>The Three Maids&rsquo; Inn was situated in the High Street, on
+part of the site now occupied by the Corn Exchange, and was
+demolished when that building was erected.&nbsp; A small inn, on
+the east side of North Street, now called the Cricketer&rsquo;s
+Arms, was formerly named the Tom Cat, because here was sold the
+strong old gin of the well-known distillers, Swagne and Borde,
+whose trademark was a cat.&nbsp; Hence gin took its name of
+&ldquo;Old Tom.&rdquo;&nbsp; There is still the figure of a cat
+engraven on the front window, with the words &ldquo;Unrivalled
+Tom&rdquo; beneath it.</p>
+<p>Opposite the Bull, the leading hotel in the town, replete with
+all modern requirements, stands the King&rsquo;s Head, an old
+&ldquo;public,&rdquo; still remarkable for its low thatched roof;
+the reason for which is said to be, that by the forms of the will
+of a former owner, it was bequeathed to his successor, with the
+condition attached, that it should continue to be thatched: a
+condition which the advance of civilization may, in a few
+years&rsquo; time, make it difficult to fulfil.</p>
+<p>And here we may make the concluding remark that 100 years ago
+most of the houses in Horncastle were thatched.&nbsp; It is on
+record (Overton MS.) that the first slated house in the town was
+built for a Mr. Storr, a gardener, in what is now the back
+passage from the Bow Bridge to the Wong, near the Baptist
+Chapel.&nbsp; This was afterwards occupied (1790&ndash;1800) by
+Mrs. L&rsquo;Oste, widow of a former Rector of Langton.&nbsp; The
+next house to be slated was that of Mr. Titus Overton, lately the
+residence of Mr. John Overton, Grocer.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 165--><a name="page165"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 165</span>APPENDIX.</h2>
+<h3>THIMBLEBY.</h3>
+<p>This parish is contiguous to Horncastle, but the village and
+church are distant about 1&frac14; miles from the town, in a
+north-westerly direction.&nbsp; Letters arrive at 8.30 a.m., from
+Horncastle, where are the nearest money order and telegraph
+office and railway station.</p>
+<p>As to the name Thimbleby, given in <i>Domesday Book</i> as
+Stimbelbi, it doubtless meant originally the Bye (scotice
+&ldquo;Byre&rdquo;), or farmstead, of a thane, or owner, in
+pre-Norman times named stimel. <a name="citation165"></a><a
+href="#footnote165" class="citation">[165]</a>&nbsp; In the
+survey made by the Conqueror, A.D. 1085, there are two mentions
+of this parish, (1) It is included among the 1,442 lordships, or
+manors, of which King William took possession on his own behalf,
+ejecting the previous owners; none of whom, in this instance, are
+named.&nbsp; Under him it was occupied by 22 soc-men, or free
+tenants, and 18 villeins, or bondsmen, who cultivated 4&frac12;
+carucates (540 acres), with 240 acres of meadow.&nbsp; This,
+however, did not comprise the whole parish, for (2) another
+mention gives Thimbleby among the lands granted by the Conqueror
+to Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was half brother to King William,
+on his mother&rsquo;s side, and was created by him Earl of
+Kent.&nbsp; His brother was Earl of Moretaine, and his sister
+Adeliza was Countess of Albermarle.&nbsp; He had been consecrated
+Bishop of Baieux before William&rsquo;s conquest of England, in
+1049.&nbsp; He was subsequently made Count Palatine and
+Justiciary of England.&nbsp; The old historian, Ordericus
+Vitalis, says &ldquo;he was reputed to be the wisest man in
+England, and &lsquo;totius Angli&aelig; Vice-comes sub Rege, et .
+. . Regi secundus&rsquo;&rdquo;; and this <!-- page 166--><a
+name="page166"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 166</span>was hardly
+an exaggeration, since he was granted by William 76 manors in
+Lincolnshire, besides 363 in other counties.&nbsp; But we have
+observed in several other instances how insecure was the tenure
+of property in those unsettled times, when might was deemed
+right, and this ambitious Prelate was no exception.&nbsp; He
+aspired to the Papacy, the highest ecclesiastical office in
+Christendom, and was about to start for Rome, with the view of
+securing it through his wealth, when he was arrested and
+imprisoned by his royal kinsman, and his estates confiscated.</p>
+<p>The portion of Thimbleby granted to this Odo comprised 250
+acres of cultivated land, with 12 acres of meadow and 30 acres of
+underwood.&nbsp; This was worked for him by three free tenants
+and five bondmen. <a name="citation166a"></a><a
+href="#footnote166a" class="citation">[166a]</a>&nbsp; On the
+attainder of Odo, this land passed again into the King&rsquo;s
+hands, to be bestowed doubtless upon some other favourite
+follower.&nbsp; Accordingly we find that, shortly after this, the
+powerful Flemish noble, Drogo de Bevere, who had distinguished
+himself greatly at the battle of Hastings, along with many other
+manors in Lincolnshire, held that of Thimbleby.&nbsp; He was, by
+Royal Charter, Lord of all Holderness, and took his title de
+Bevere from Beverley, the chief town in that division.&nbsp; As
+is also related elsewhere, <a name="citation166b"></a><a
+href="#footnote166b" class="citation">[166b]</a> the Conqueror
+gave him his niece in marriage; but, being of a violent
+temperament, Drogo got rid of her by poison, and then, having
+thus incurred the anger of William, he fled the country.&nbsp;
+His estates, in turn, were probably confiscated, for we find that
+a few years later Stephen, Earl of Ambemarle, <a
+name="citation166c"></a><a href="#footnote166c"
+class="citation">[166c]</a> had five carucates (<i>i.e.</i> 600
+acres) of land between Thimbleby, Langton and Coningsby.</p>
+<p>This noble was distinguished for his piety, as well as his
+other great qualities.&nbsp; The chronicler describes him as
+&ldquo;pr&aelig;clarus comes, et eximius monasteriorum
+fundator,&rdquo; an illustrious earl and distinguished founder of
+monasteries.&nbsp; Among other such institutions he founded, on
+the feast of St. Hilary, A.D. 1139, the Priory of Thornton, in
+North Lincolnshire.&nbsp; This Stephen also received the lordship
+of Holderness, which had been held by Drogo.&nbsp; He was
+succeeded by his son William, who was surnamed Crassus, or
+&ldquo;The Gross,&rdquo; from his unwieldy frame.&nbsp; His
+great-granddaughter, Avelin, succeeding to the property in her
+turn, married Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, surnamed Gibbosus, or
+humpback.&nbsp; But they had no issue, and so, as the &ldquo;Book
+of Meux Abbey&rdquo; says, &ldquo;for want of heirs the Earldom
+of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderness were seized (once
+again) into the King&rsquo;s hands.&rdquo;&nbsp; What became of
+the demesne of Thimbleby is not specified; but we find from the
+survey, already quoted, that in the same century Walter de Gaunt,
+son of Gilbert de Gaunt, <a name="citation166d"></a><a
+href="#footnote166d" class="citation">[166d]</a> held Thimbleby
+and other neighbouring parishes 24 carucates, or in all 2,880
+acres of land.&nbsp; We have traced elsewhere <a
+name="citation166e"></a><a href="#footnote166e"
+class="citation">[166e]</a> the descent of <!-- page 167--><a
+name="page167"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 167</span>the
+Willoughby family from the Gaunts, and about 100 years later
+(circa 1213, Survey, as before) William de Willoughby succeeded
+to these estates, including the demesne of Thimbleby.&nbsp; He
+was ancestor of the present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby
+de Eresby, who now represents this division in Parliament.&nbsp;
+How long the estates, in whole or in part, remained with the
+Willoughbys is not clear; but we have evidence of their
+connection with Thimbleby nearly 100 years later, in a document
+dated 1302, <a name="citation167a"></a><a href="#footnote167a"
+class="citation">[167a]</a> concerning a dispute as to lands in
+Thimbleby, Langton, Woodhall, and several other parishes, between
+John de Bec and Robert Wylgherby, the two families being related;
+in which the said Robert surrenders to the said John all property
+in dispute, for his lifetime, on condition that, after his
+decease, the whole shall revert to the said John Willoughby, and
+his heirs, for ever. <a name="citation167b"></a><a
+href="#footnote167b" class="citation">[167b]</a></p>
+<p>From this time we find other names connected with the
+parish.&nbsp; Indeed prior to this, in a charter of Bardney
+Abbey, dated &ldquo;at the Chapter of the Convent, on Sunday next
+after the Ascension of our Lord&rdquo; (22nd May) 1281; we have
+among the witnesses, along with others belonging to Edlington,
+Wispington, and Baumber, &ldquo;Master Bartholomew of
+Thimbleby,&rdquo; and John Crayck of the same, the former being
+probably the Rector. <a name="citation167c"></a><a
+href="#footnote167c" class="citation">[167c]</a>&nbsp; This
+charter refers to certain lands and tenements, the gift to the
+abbey of &ldquo;Walter, son of Gilbert, de Bolingbrog,&rdquo;
+<i>i.e.</i> Walter, the son of Gilbert de Gaunt, already
+named.&nbsp; In another Bardney charter, dated four years later
+(30th Sept., 1285), we find again the same Thimbleby witnesses,
+with Alured of Woodhall, and others. <a
+name="citation167d"></a><a href="#footnote167d"
+class="citation">[167d]</a></p>
+<p>Three years later than this, in an official inquiry, held at
+Lincoln, as to certain knights&rsquo; fees, which belonged to
+Elyas de Rabayn and his wife Matilda (12th Nov., 1288), the
+jurors declare that &ldquo;Robert de Rothwell holds in Thymelby
+and Horncastre,&rdquo; certain &ldquo;rents of assize, to be paid
+at the Feast of St. Michael, the Nativity of the Lord, Easter,
+and St. Botulph&rdquo; (June 17), amounting to 12s.</p>
+<p>A more interesting record is the following.&nbsp; We may
+premise that the Norman noble, St. Quintin (so named from a town
+of France, in the department of Aisne, the Augusta Veromanduorum
+of the Romans), came over among the followers of William the
+Conqueror, and his name appears in the famous &ldquo;Battle
+Roll&rdquo; of 1066.&nbsp; A Final Concord, of date A.D. 1293,
+states that on the Quindene of the purification of the Blessed
+Mary (<i>i.e.</i> the 5th day after), a dispute having arisen
+between Herbert de St. Quintin on the one part, and Ascelina de
+Waterville and Matilda de Diva on the other part, the two latter
+being tenants of 3&frac12; carucates of land (<i>i.e.</i> 420
+acres) in Thymeleby; it was settled that the said Ascelina and
+Matilda should acknowledge the said land to be the right of
+Herbert; and for this Herbert granted them, as his tenants, all
+the said lands, except six oxgangs (<i>i.e.</i> 90 acres) which
+were occupied in separate parcels, by Baldrick, Hogge, Alfsi,
+Godric, Walfric, and others; and for this the said Ascelina and
+Matilda gave him, in acknowledgment, 40 marks.</p>
+<p>A few years after this date it would appear that the Bishop of
+Carlisle exercised a kind of ecclesiastical lordship over this
+parish.&nbsp; Thimbleby was in the soke of Horncastle, and Ralph
+de Rhodes, the former Lord of the demesne <!-- page 168--><a
+name="page168"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 168</span>of
+Horncastle, with its appurtenances, West Ashby, High Toynton,
+&amp;c., had granted these (by charter confirmed by Henry III.,
+A.D. 1230) to Walter Mauclerk, Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors.</p>
+<p>Accordingly in an old document of the early 14th century, we
+find that John de Halghton, Bishop of Carlisle, gave consent for
+William de Foletby to convey certain lands in Thimelby, Langton,
+and Horncastle, to the Abbot and Convent of Kirkstead, to provide
+two monks, to celebrate daily services for the souls of the
+faithful deceased.&nbsp; The witnesses were Richard de Wodehall,
+William de Polam (Poolham), and others.&nbsp; &ldquo;Dated at
+Horncastre, on this day of St. Barnabas, 5 Ed. II., 11 June, A.D.
+1312&rdquo; <a name="citation168a"></a><a href="#footnote168a"
+class="citation">[168a]</a>&nbsp; This shows a connection with
+the monastery of Kirkstead, to which we shall refer
+hereafter.</p>
+<p>We next come to a record of special interest, of rather later
+date.&nbsp; The family of Thimbleby, Thymelby, Thimoldby,
+&amp;c., doubtless took their name from this parish, at a period
+lost in hoar antiquity.&nbsp; They acquired in course of time
+extensive property in various parts of the county.&nbsp; The
+chief branch of the family resided at Irnham Park, near Grantham,
+which was acquired (about 1510) by Richard Thimbleby, through his
+marriage with the heiress of Godfrey Hilton, whose ancestor, Sir
+Geoffrey Hilton, Knight, had obtained it by marriage with the
+heiress of the Luterels, a very ancient family, several members
+of which were summoned to Parliament as Barons, in the 12th
+century.</p>
+<p>The earlier members of the Thimbleby family are called,
+expressly, Thomas de Thymelby, Nicholas de Thymbylby, and so
+forth, shewing their connection with this parish.&nbsp; The
+family name of Thimelby still survives in the neighbourhood of
+Spilsby.</p>
+<p>The first mention of a Thimbleby, as an owner in Thimbleby,
+occurs in a Post Mortem Inquisition, held at Holtham (Haltham),
+on Friday next after the Feast of St. Matthew (Sept. 21), A.D.
+1333; where the jurors say that Nicholas de Thymelby held, with
+certain other lands in the neighbourhood, two messuages and four
+acres of land in Thymelby, of the Bishop of Carlisle, and that
+the said Nicholas died on the Feast of the Purification (Feb.
+2nd); and that his son Thomas, aged 19, was heir. <a
+name="citation168b"></a><a href="#footnote168b"
+class="citation">[168b]</a></p>
+<p>Then follow a grant of land and other privileges, by the
+Bishop of Carlisle, in Horncastle and Upper Toynton, to Thomas,
+son of Nicholas de Thymelby.&nbsp; Thomas presented to the
+Benefice of Ruckland in 1381.&nbsp; His son John married Joan,
+daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois; whose mother was daughter and
+heir of Gilbert Burdon (or Barradon), whose wife was sister and
+heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.&nbsp; Thus the family
+kept growing in importance. <a name="citation168c"></a><a
+href="#footnote168c" class="citation">[168c]</a></p>
+<p>Our last mention of this family, in connection with Thimbleby,
+shows a still greater expansion.&nbsp; An Inquisition taken 12th
+August, 4 Ed. VI. (1550), after the death of Matthew Thimbleby,
+of Polam, Esq., shows that he married Anne, daughter of Sir John
+Hussey, and that he was seised of six manors besides that of
+Thimelby; also of lands in eight other parishes, with the
+advowsons of the churches of Tetforde, Farrafford, Ruckland, and
+Somersby. <a name="citation168d"></a><a href="#footnote168d"
+class="citation">[168d]</a>&nbsp; His widow married Sir Robert
+Savile, Knt.</p>
+<p>Soon after the first mention of a Thymelby of Thimbleby, we
+find another family of some note connected with this
+parish.&nbsp; In an agreement made at <!-- page 169--><a
+name="page169"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+169</span>&ldquo;Langton near Horncaster, 8 August, A.D. 1370,
+Peter Skynner of Ely, and Alice his wife, for some consideration
+not named, surrender to William de Atherby and his heirs, all
+their rights in certain lands and tenements in Woodhall, Langton,
+Thymelby, Horncastre, Thornton,&rdquo; &amp;c. <a
+name="citation169a"></a><a href="#footnote169a"
+class="citation">[169a]</a>&nbsp; These lands had evidently been
+held by the said Peter Skynner and his wife.</p>
+<p>The Skynners were a family of wealth and position.&nbsp; In
+1315 Robert and Richard Skynner held the manor of Pinchbeck, near
+Spalding. <a name="citation169b"></a><a href="#footnote169b"
+class="citation">[169b]</a>&nbsp; They were also land owners in
+Hareby and Bolingbroke.&nbsp; Henry Skynner, by will, dated 29th
+May, 1612, leaves to his daughter Judith, all his copyhold in
+Harebie, to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, Knight, lands in
+Hareby and other places, with the advowson of the Benefice.&nbsp;
+Sir Vincent Skynner was Lord of the Manor of Thornton Curtis; he
+was in 1604 appointed by the crown Keeper of East Kirkby Park, as
+part of the Royal manor, or &ldquo;Honour,&rdquo; of
+Bolingbroke.&nbsp; His son William married a daughter of Sir
+Edward Coke, Knight, and was buried at Thornton Curtis, August
+17th, A.D. 1626.</p>
+<p>We find mention of another owner of land in Thimbleby, in the
+15th century, whose apparent love of pelf would seem to have
+tempted him to defraud the king of his dues.&nbsp; A certain
+Thomas Knyght, of the City of Lincoln, Esquire, died in the 10th
+year of the reign of Henry VII. (A D 1495), seized of lands and
+tenements &ldquo;in Thembleby,&rdquo; and other places.&nbsp; At
+the Inquisition then held, the jurors found that he had alienated
+certain parts of the property, &ldquo;the Royal license therefor
+not being obtained, to the prejudice and deception of the lord
+the King,&rdquo; and the property passed to his son and heir
+William, who took possession, with &ldquo;a like evasion of dues,
+to the King&rsquo;s prejudice.&rdquo;&nbsp; What penalty was
+imposed is not stated; but it was a somewhat remarkable
+coincidence, that, as shewn in another Inquisition made the
+following year (A.D. 1496), certain witnesses deposed that on the
+20th day of June, A.D. 1476 (<i>i.e.</i> 19 years before his
+decease), the said Thomas Knyght, and his servants, about the
+middle of the night &ldquo;broke and dug the soil of the parlour
+of his house, and found &pound;1,000, and more, of the coinage of
+the Treasury . . . there placed and hidden,&rdquo; which as
+&ldquo;tresour-trove, by reason of the prerogative of the lord
+the King, ought to come to his use, &amp;c.&rdquo;&nbsp; This has
+all a very suspicious look, Knyght would not have ordered this
+search for the money if he had not himself known of its being
+there.&nbsp; It looks like a previous attempt at concealment, in
+some way to defraud the revenue, which Knyght himself afterwards
+felt was a failure, and that it was safer to exhume the hoard
+himself, rather than that public officials should do it.&nbsp;
+Altogether it would seem that &ldquo;Thomas Knyght, of the City
+of Lincoln, Esquire,&rdquo; was somewhat of a sordid character,
+and not a proprietor for Thimbleby to be proud of.</p>
+<p>We now proceed to records more ecclesiastical.&nbsp; We have
+already noted that, with the consent of the Bishop of Carlisle,
+William de Foletby, in the 14th century conveyed lands in
+Thimbleby to the Abbot of Kirkstead.&nbsp; This would seem to
+imply a previous connection of this parish with that monastery,
+to attract the Thimbleby proprietor to it.&nbsp; Accordingly we
+find that, among the various properties of the Abbey, granted by
+Hugh Brito, its founder (A.D. 1139), and other benefactors, were
+90 acres of land in Thimbleby, with the advowson of the
+Benefice.&nbsp; In those days there was only a very limited
+number <!-- page 170--><a name="page170"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 170</span>of resident clergy in the country
+parishes, <a name="citation170a"></a><a href="#footnote170a"
+class="citation">[170a]</a> the churches being served largely by
+the monks of the monasteries.&nbsp; In some cases these were
+&ldquo;itinerant clerks,&rdquo; in other cases there was a
+&ldquo;grange,&rdquo; or dependency, of the monastery in the
+parish, having a &ldquo;cell,&rdquo; or &ldquo;hermitage,&rdquo;
+for a priest.</p>
+<p>Thimbleby was not among the number of parishes which had a
+church before the conquest, as Edlington and several other
+neighbouring parishes had; but there is no doubt that a church
+was erected here soon after that period, which, like the
+neighbouring Woodhall, was connected with Kirkstead, and here, as
+at Woodhall, there are traces of a moated enclosure eastward of
+the church, which doubtless was the site of the grange.</p>
+<p>The Abbot of Kirkstead exercised the powers of a superior lord
+here in a somewhat arbitrary fashion; it being complained against
+him before Royal Commissioners as early as the reign of Edward
+I., that he had erected here &ldquo;furc&oelig;,&rdquo; or a
+gallows, on which various criminals had been executed; and that
+he had appropriated to himself the assize of bread and beer here,
+and at Horncastle. <a name="citation170b"></a><a
+href="#footnote170b" class="citation">[170b]</a>&nbsp; But
+&ldquo;blessed are the peacemakers,&rdquo; and the abbots, with
+wholesome influence, were able, when occasion served, to produce
+harmony out of discordant elements; as the following records show
+(quoted from Final Concords): &ldquo;In three weeks from the day
+of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 10 Henry III. (28th Sept.,
+A.D. 1226),&rdquo; a dispute arising between Reginald, Rector of
+Thymelby, and Peter, son of John, tenant of a certain messuage
+and toft in Thymelby.&nbsp; Peter was induced to give up his
+claim, in favour of Reginald and his successors; and for this the
+said Reginald gave him one mark, in recognition of the
+concession.&nbsp; Which agreement was made in the presence of
+Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, who himself gave to the church of
+Thymelby all right which he had in rent, which he was wont to
+receive; not however without an equivalent, which&mdash;being
+wise in his generation&mdash;he was careful to secure; for
+Reginald, in return, gave him a certain sum &ldquo;to buy a rent
+in another place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The worldly wisdom of the same abbot appears again in the
+following Concord: On the morrow of St. Michael, 10 Henry III.
+(30th Sept. A.D. 1226); a dispute between Sarah, the wife of Alan
+de Tymelby, and Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, about a certain meadow
+in Tymelby, was happily settled (it being to the soul&rsquo;s
+peril to incur an abbot&rsquo;s anathema!) by the said Sarah
+giving up all claim to the meadow in favour of the said Abbot,
+and his successors; in recognition of which he gave her one
+mark.</p>
+<p>A gap now occurs in our history, which can only be filled in,
+for a time, by conjecture.&nbsp; On the dissolution of the
+monasteries by Henry VIII., the possessions of Kirkstead Abbey
+were granted by him to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; on whose
+death without issue, they reverted to the sovereign, and were
+re-granted to the Earl of Lincoln, of the Fiennes Clinton family,
+subsequently Dukes of Newcastle.&nbsp; The Abbey lands in
+Thimbleby are not, so far as we know, specially named in this
+grant, and therefore we are unable to say positively whether that
+family acquired property in Thimbleby or not; but they had
+undoubtedly property in Horncastle and neighbourhood.&nbsp; For
+instance the manor of Baumber remained in their hands, and
+Baumber Church continued to be the family burial place, until the
+3rd Duke of Newcastle, late in the 18th century, sold that estate
+to T. Livesey, Esq.</p>
+<p><!-- page 171--><a name="page171"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+171</span>A few years later, however, we have official evidence
+that the manor and advowson of Thimbleby were vested in the
+sovereign.&nbsp; By a deed (a copy of which is in the
+Rector&rsquo;s possession) dated 10th April, 7 Edward VI. (A.D.
+1553), of the Court of Augmentations, a toft and messuage in
+Thimbleby were granted by the King to John Welcome; also
+&ldquo;the lordship and manor of Thimblebye, with all its rights,
+&amp;c., lately belonging to the monastery of Kirkstead;&rdquo;
+also &ldquo;the advowson and right of patronage of the Rectory
+and Church of Thymmelbie, aforesaid.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the next
+reign, of Mary, the benefice was presented, by the Queen herself,
+to William Brantinghame, being admitted on her nomination 19th
+Sept., 1554. <a name="citation171a"></a><a href="#footnote171a"
+class="citation">[171a]</a></p>
+<p>A deed of that reign, dated 6th Feb., 1 and 2 Philip and Mary
+(1554), grants certain lands belonging to the manor of
+Thimblebie, to Anthony Kyme, for 21 years, at 10s. per annum</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p171b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Margaret&rsquo;s Church, Thimbleby"
+title=
+"St. Margaret&rsquo;s Church, Thimbleby"
+src="images/p171s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Next, in the reign of Elizabeth, a deed dated 9th March, 4
+Elizabeth (1562), grants certain tofts and lands to John Porter,
+for 21 years, at a rent of 18s. per annum; and finally, by deed
+dated June 30th, 1564, Elizabeth in consideration of the sum of
+&pound;609 5s. 2d., confirms the above grants and leases to
+William Conyers and William Haber, both of the Middle Temple, the
+patronage of the Rectory, &ldquo;to be held with the manor of Est
+Grenwich, in the countie of Kent, free of all duty or military
+service.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>After a further hiatus in the parish history, we find another
+link in the records.&nbsp; The former property of the Thimblebys,
+of Poolham, and elsewhere, had been sold to a member of the
+Bolles family, in 1600; and Mr. Weir <a
+name="citation171b"></a><a href="#footnote171b"
+class="citation">[171b]</a> tells us that in the reign of Charles
+II. the manor of Thimbleby belonged to Sir <!-- page 172--><a
+name="page172"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 172</span>Robert
+Bolles, of Scampton.&nbsp; From Liber Regis we find that Sir John
+Bolles presented to the benefice of Thimbleby in 1697, and
+doubtless was Lord of the Manor.&nbsp; This Sir John sold his
+property, and according to the antiquarian, Browne Willis
+(Ecton&rsquo;s Thesaurus), in the reign of Queen Anne, the
+patronage of the benefice belonged to &ldquo;Mr.
+Kercheval&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In 1719 and 1725 John Hockin, Clerk, presented.</p>
+<p>In 1720 the manor and advowson were bought by John Hotchkin,
+Esq., of Tixover; and a Thimbleby record, preserved with the
+registers, shows that the Hotchkins have presented from about
+that time till recently.&nbsp; In 1767 (Sept. 10th), Allen
+Corrance was admitted on the cession of John Kercheval, by Thomas
+Hotchkin, Esq., of Alexton, Co. Leicester.&nbsp; In 1778 William
+Holmes, M.A., was admitted to the rectory by John Hotchkin, Esq.,
+of South Luffenham, on the death of Allen Corrance.&nbsp; In 1831
+(Sept. 21st) Robert Charles Herbert Hotchkin, B.A., was
+instituted at the rectory, on the death of William Holmes, on the
+nomination of Thomas Hotchkin, Esq., of Tixover.&nbsp; The late
+T. J. Stafford Hotchkin, Esq., of Woodhall Manor, sold his
+property in Thimbleby and some other parishes in 1872; and the
+advowson of this benefice, then in his gift, was subsequently
+sold to the father of the present Rector, the Rev. C. A.
+Potter.</p>
+<p>There is another name on record, connected with Thimbleby,
+which we have not yet mentioned.&nbsp; Among a list of the gentry
+of Lincolnshire, made on the Royal Herald&rsquo;s Visitation of
+the County, in 1634, which is still preserved at the
+Heralds&rsquo; office, is the name of &ldquo;Robert Frieston, of
+Thimbleby.&rdquo;&nbsp; What position he held, or whether he was
+a land owner, in the parish, is not stated, but he ranked with
+Thomas Cressy (of a very old family), of Kirkby-on-Bain; the
+Dymokes of Scrivelsby, Haltham, and Kime; Heneage of Hainton,
+&amp;c. <a name="citation172a"></a><a href="#footnote172a"
+class="citation">[172a]</a></p>
+<p>There is a smaller manor in this parish called the Hall-garth,
+the residence attached to which is a picturesque old thatched
+mansion, with an old-time garden, enclosed within high and thick
+hedges of yew, trimmed in Dutch fashion.&nbsp; It has also a
+large &ldquo;stew,&rdquo; or fish-pond, from which, doubtless, in
+Roman Catholic times, the owners drew their supply of carp and
+tench, for the numerous fast-days then observed.&nbsp; Old title
+deeds show that this was at one time crown property. <a
+name="citation172b"></a><a href="#footnote172b"
+class="citation">[172b]</a>&nbsp; At a later date it was owned by
+a family named Boulton, who also held land in Stixwould, where
+there is still the slab of a Boulton tomb in the pavement of the
+aisle of the church.</p>
+<p>A slab, on the south side of Thimbleby Church, bears the
+inscription: &ldquo;Here lyeth the body of Michael, the son of
+Mr. Michael and Elizabeth Boulton, buried the 7th of Septemr,
+1692, &aelig;tatis su&aelig; 7.&nbsp; His mother the 28th of May,
+Anno Dom. 1725, &aelig;tat su&aelig; 61.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+Register has the following entries, &ldquo;1725, Mrs. Boulton, ye
+wife of Mr. Mich. Boulton, buried May 28th.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+&ldquo;1738, Michael Boulton buried May 8th.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+last entry connected with this family is that of &ldquo;Michael,
+son of Michael and Mary Boulton,&rdquo; who was baptized in 1726
+and buried in 1767.</p>
+<p>These were the ancestors of the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St.
+Mary&rsquo;s Square, Horncastle.&nbsp; Michael Boulton, in 1719,
+left 40s. a year, from the Hall estate, at Bransby near Stow, for
+the education of poor children at Thimbleby; leaving also a
+bequest for the poor at Bransby.</p>
+<p><!-- page 173--><a name="page173"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+173</span>At the beginning of the 19th century this manor was
+held jointly by Richard Elmhirst, Esq., of Usselby, and Mr.
+Thomas Kemp, the latter of whom resided at the Old Hall. <a
+name="citation173a"></a><a href="#footnote173a"
+class="citation">[173a]</a>&nbsp; There is a field at the west
+end of the village, now the property of H. N. Coates, Esq.,
+traversed by mounds and ditches, which was formerly divided into
+three separate plots, belonging to Elmhirst, Kemp, and
+Hotchkin.&nbsp; The Kemps were of an old stock.&nbsp; In the
+Thimbleby Registers the first mention of them is in 1723, <a
+name="citation173b"></a><a href="#footnote173b"
+class="citation">[173b]</a> but their name implies a much greater
+antiquity.&nbsp; One theory has been that they were a Huguenot
+family, who came over to England at the time of the French
+massacre of Protestants, on St. Bartholomew&rsquo;s day,
+1572.&nbsp; Those refugees, in their enforced poverty, prosecuted
+various kinds of useful industries; and the Kemps, it is
+suggested, acquired their name from being kempsters, or comb
+makers.</p>
+<p>But it is probable that the name had a much earlier
+origin.&nbsp; Kemp (Saxon Cempa) meant a soldier <a
+name="citation173c"></a><a href="#footnote173c"
+class="citation">[173c]</a> being connected with the
+Norman-French and modern English &ldquo;Champion;&rdquo; and
+although we might look back with pride to forefathers who
+suffered for their religion, it is pleasanter, if only in
+imagination, to regard them as having been a race of doughty
+warriors, sufficiently distinguished to win a name by their
+deeds. <a name="citation173d"></a><a href="#footnote173d"
+class="citation">[173d]</a></p>
+<p>Mr. Thomas Kemp, in the first half of the 19th century, was a
+wealthy bachelor, and added to the Hall-garth estate by the
+purchase, from time to time, of adjacent property.&nbsp; He lived
+in some style, with two maiden sisters to keep house for
+him.&nbsp; By his will the land at Thimbleby passed into the
+possession of his great nephew, Robert Edwin Kemp; another
+nephew, Samuel Harrison Kemp, inheriting most of the personal
+estate.&nbsp; But alas! liveried servants, crests and arms, and
+other emblems of wealth have become things of the past; for when
+this Robert died the property passed to his son, Thomas Kemp, in
+whose hands the patrimony speedily evaporated; and other members
+of the family are now dispersed, &ldquo;their places knowing them
+no more,&rdquo; save as a lingering memory, which will soon be
+gone.</p>
+<p>The interesting old hall and the manor were then bought by
+Reuben Roberts, Esq., of Linden House, Horncastle, who resides
+there in the summer.&nbsp; He also owns other land in the
+parish.&nbsp; Other owners are E. Hassard, <!-- page 174--><a
+name="page174"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 174</span>Esq., of
+Edlington Park; H. N. Coates, Esq., of Langton Manor; the
+trustees of the late Mr. Samuel Goe, and several smaller
+proprietors.&nbsp; Mrs. Tebbutt, of Horncastle, a relict of an
+old Thimbleby family, whose name appears frequently in the parish
+books, is now Lady of the Manor.</p>
+<p>Some 200 yards east of the church and on the south side of the
+main road is a large field, the property of Mr. Henry N. Coates
+of Langton, which is known as &ldquo;The Butts.&rdquo;&nbsp; It
+has some fine trees, apparently the remains of an extensive
+avenue, which have been more numerous even within living
+memory.&nbsp; It has been sometimes called &ldquo;The Park
+Close,&rdquo; but the title &ldquo;The Butts&rdquo; is
+interesting, as probably indicating that it was formerly the site
+on which (in the words of a rhymer, it may be said):</p>
+<blockquote><p>England&rsquo;s archers of old,<br />
+Village wights true and bold,<br />
+Unerring in hand and in eye,<br />
+Learned skill in their craft<br />
+With yew-bow and shaft,<br />
+Wand to splinter, or pierce the bull&rsquo;s-eye.</p>
+<p>And while the youth gay,<br />
+Rough rivals, essay<br />
+To rive and riddle each butt,<br />
+Sage sires stand by,<br />
+And coy maidens cry,<br />
+To welcome the winning shot.</p>
+<p>Full many such scene<br />
+Has been witnessed, I ween,<br />
+In that whilome time-honoured spot,<br />
+&rsquo;Neath the wide-spreading shade<br />
+Of the green wood glade<br />
+Which is still named the &ldquo;Thimbleby Butt.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>In this &ldquo;Butts&rdquo; field rises a spring, which is the
+source of a small runnel, called &ldquo;Daubeny&rsquo;s
+Beck.&rdquo;&nbsp; This bearing westward, for some distance forms
+the boundary between the parishes of Thimbleby and Langton, then
+flowing through Woodhall falls into the &ldquo;Monk&rsquo;s
+Beck,&rdquo; at Poolham.&nbsp; The name &ldquo;Daubeny&rdquo; is
+doubtless a corruption of D&rsquo; Albini.&nbsp; The D&rsquo;
+Albinis held the Barony, and built the castle of Belvoir, and had
+other large possessions in this county and elsewhere; the name is
+not uncommon as a field name, &amp;c.&nbsp; There is a field in
+Langton called &ldquo;Daubeny&rsquo;s (<i>i.e.</i> D&rsquo;
+Albini&rsquo;s) Walk.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In the grounds of Mr. W. A. Crowder, further to the east, near
+the Lincoln &ldquo;Ramper,&rdquo; as the highway is locally
+called, there was found, a few years ago, a so-called
+&ldquo;Roman&rdquo; tomb, somewhat rudely constructed of blocks
+of Spilsby sandstone.&nbsp; Within it was a human skeleton, with
+bones of a dog, a sword, and the head of a spear.&nbsp; In
+connection with this, we may also mention, that in the Rectory
+grounds there is an ancient well, of great depth, lined also with
+Spilsby sandstone, and said to be Roman; which in the immediate
+proximity of the Cornucastrum, or Roman fort of Banovallum, would
+not seem to be at all improbable.</p>
+<p>An old parish book of Thimbleby, recently shown to the writer,
+proves the care which was taken by the parish officials, before
+the present poor law system was established, to secure the
+comfort and maintenance of poorer parishioners.</p>
+<p>At a parish meeting, Nov. 1st, 1819, Thomas Kemp,
+Churchwarden, in the chair, it was ordered that John
+Sharp&rsquo;s daughter was to have a gown and pettycoat, worsted
+for two pairs of stockings, and one blue apron.&nbsp; Four boys
+<!-- page 175--><a name="page175"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+175</span>were to have two smocks each, and eight old people a
+strike of coals each per week.&nbsp; At another meeting Margaret
+Day was to have worsted for two pairs of socks for her two boys,
+herself to spin it; and one pair of shoes for her daughter.&nbsp;
+Robert Kemp, and his son Richard, in order to find them work were
+to be paid 2s. per day, to &ldquo;gether&rdquo; stones for the
+parish.</p>
+<p>Again, Maria Day&rsquo;s shoes were to be mended; Mary Atkin
+to have a pair of blankets, and her chamber window put in and
+thatched.&nbsp; Benj. Benton one pair of shoes, Willm. Adkin a
+waistcoat.&nbsp; Mary King&rsquo;s family four shirts, two pairs
+of shoes, three frocks, three petticoats, and three dabs
+(<i>i.e.</i> pinafores).&nbsp; A pair of breeches for George
+Skipworth; Willm. Skipworth to have a spade.</p>
+<p>Again, Mr. Thos. Kemp was &ldquo;to be allowed &pound;20 for
+the use of the poor-house, to be insured for &pound;200 by the
+parish, and, when given up to be left in the same
+state.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>At a meeting on 7th August, 1820, Robert Dixon in the chair,
+it was ordered that all paupers receiving assistance should
+regularly attend Divine Service, and on their non-attendance the
+assistance should be stopped.&nbsp; Mary Todd was to receive her
+money (which had been stopped) having given satisfaction to the
+vestry for not attending the church.&nbsp; Mary Hobbins&rsquo;
+boy to be put to school.&nbsp; &ldquo;To get the Lord&rsquo;s
+Prayer, and the &lsquo;I believe,&rsquo; put in the church at the
+parish expense.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>At a meeting held 27th August, 1830, Thomas Kemp in the chair,
+it was agreed that &pound;75 be borrowed of Mr. Thos. Kemp, to
+pay Mrs. Farmer&rsquo;s expenses to America, to be repaid by the
+parish, 30s. weekly, with legal interest.&nbsp; Church rates are
+now among the &ldquo;has beens,&rdquo; but in 1843 a rate was
+passed of &ldquo;1d. in the pound for the support of the church,
+and 10d. in the pound for the highway repairs.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In the churchyard, along the south side of the church, are a
+group of gravestones of the Kemp family.&nbsp; Eastward are
+several of the Marshall family, formerly numerous here, and in
+the neighbourhood, holding a respectable position, but now
+extinct. <a name="citation175"></a><a href="#footnote175"
+class="citation">[175]</a>&nbsp; There are also a number of tombs
+of the Todd family, respectable small farmers, resident in the
+parish, from the first notice of a burial, June 24th, 1738, down
+to recent years.&nbsp; The Tebbuts and Dixons were also resident,
+as tenants or small owners, for many years.</p>
+<p>Among the marriage registers, which date from 1695, is the
+following note: &ldquo;March 23, 1779, a marriage was attempted
+to be solemnized; but the intended bridegroom, to the great
+surprise of the congregation assembled, remaining away, the
+ceremony, &amp;c. . . .&rdquo;&nbsp; The rest is illegible.</p>
+<p>We have now to speak of the church.&nbsp; The present edifice
+stands on the site of a former 14th century church, which,
+judging by the remains that have been found, must have been of
+much larger dimensions, and consisted of nave, two aisles,
+chancel, and bell tower; the total breadth having been
+52-ft.&nbsp; Several fragments of stained glass have, at various
+times, been found in digging graves, showing that this early
+church, like several others in the neighbourhood, had good
+coloured windows.&nbsp; This was taken down in 1744, and from the
+materials remaining a small fabric was erected in its place,
+consisting of nave and apsed chancel, with no pretensions
+whatever to architectural beauty.&nbsp; This (as has been
+generally the case with badly constructed edifices of that
+period) became also, in turn, so decayed that the present Rector,
+on entering <!-- page 176--><a name="page176"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 176</span>on the benefice, decided to rebuild
+the church once more; and in 1879 the present structure was
+completed at a cost of over &pound;1,000, in the best early
+Decorated style.</p>
+<p>It consists of nave, chancel, organ chamber on the south, and
+an octagonal bell turret, designed by the late Mr. James Fowler,
+the Architect, and containing one small modern bell, graven with
+the date and initials of W. Carey, Churchwarden in 1744, <a
+name="citation176a"></a><a href="#footnote176a"
+class="citation">[176a]</a> who demolished the old church.&nbsp;
+The nave has three two-light windows, of the decorated style, in
+the north and south walls; there is a square-headed two-light
+window in the organ chamber; the chancel has a single-light
+window in the north and south walls, with a good east window of
+three lights, trefoiled, and with a triangle of trefoils
+above.&nbsp; In the north wall is a credence recess, and in the
+south wall are two stone sedilia.&nbsp; The tiles within the
+chancel rails are copied from ancient tiles, which were found
+some years ago, at Revesby Abbey.&nbsp; In the west front, over
+the door, is a large two-light window, and above it a clock, the
+only village church clock in the neighbourhood, by Smith of
+Derby.&nbsp; Within the west doorway, let into the north wall of
+the tower basement, is a fragment of an old battlement, having a
+shield in the centre, probably a relic from the original
+church.&nbsp; The font is modern, having a plain octagonal bowl,
+shaft, and pediment.&nbsp; The roof is of pitch pine, the timbers
+being supported by plain corbels.&nbsp; The lectern, chancel
+stalls, and communion table are of good modern oak</p>
+<p>Used as a stile in the south fence of the churchyard is a
+large slab, on which, above ground, is the matrix of a former
+brass, representing one figure, with a broad transverse bar for
+an inscription, and connecting it with other figures, which are
+now below the ground. <a name="citation176b"></a><a
+href="#footnote176b" class="citation">[176b]</a></p>
+<p>The church plate includes an interesting paten, presented to
+the church in 1837, by the mother of the late Rector, but bearing
+hall-marks of 1727&ndash;8, with the letter M and a five-pointed
+star below.&nbsp; The chalice is still more interesting, as it
+bears an old Lincoln hall-mark, of date about 1570; there are
+only eight other known examples of this period in the county.</p>
+<p>The rectory is a commodious house, built in 1839, doubtless on
+the site of the former monastic grange; it stands in an extensive
+garden, embowered among trees of goodly growth.&nbsp; A fine oil
+painting at the present time adorns the entrance hall.&nbsp; It
+is reputed to be by Spagnoletto, and was formerly in the
+monastery of St. Jerome, in Lisbon.&nbsp; Its size is 5-ft. by
+4-ft., the subject being St. Jerome translating the Vulgate
+scriptures.</p>
+<h3>WEST ASHBY.</h3>
+<p>This parish, like High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill and Wood
+Enderby, was formerly a hamlet of Horncastle, of which it adjoins
+the northern boundary.&nbsp; We find them all coupled together in
+an extract from the Testa de Nevill <!-- page 177--><a
+name="page177"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 177</span>[folio 348
+(556), quoted <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iii, p.
+215] as follows: &ldquo;The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby,
+and of Upper Thinton, and of Meringes, and of Hinderby, are of
+the gift of the Lord,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i> the Lord of the
+Manor.&nbsp; In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is called Aschebi.&nbsp;
+Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, who owned various
+lands in this neighbourhood, was Lady of this Manor, as well as
+that of Horncastle.&nbsp; She held here six carucates of land (or
+about 720 acres), besides which there were 45 soc-men, 5
+villeins, and 13 bordars, with eight carucates (or about 960
+acres), and 500 acres of meadow and pasture.&nbsp;
+(<i>Domesday</i>, &ldquo;Soke of Horncastle.&rdquo;)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p177b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"The Manor House, West Ashby"
+title=
+"The Manor House, West Ashby"
+src="images/p177s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><i>Domesday</i> also mentions that the Saxon thane,
+Chetelburn, who had property in Coningsby, Keal, Candlesby,
+Friskney, and other places in the county, had at Ashby &ldquo;a
+mill worth 12s. yearly,&rdquo; a very considerable sum in those
+days.&nbsp; The manor was afterwards held by the Conqueror
+himself (<i>Domesday</i>, &ldquo;Property of the King&rdquo;);
+and it would seem, although there is no direct evidence of it,
+that he bestowed the manor on one of his chief favourites,
+Ranulph de Paganall, who received from his sovereign extensive
+grants in the counties of Somerset, Devon, York, Northampton, and
+Lincoln, <a name="citation177"></a><a href="#footnote177"
+class="citation">[177]</a> including all the lands formerly held
+by the Saxon Merleswain, in this county and elsewhere.&nbsp;
+Ranulph Paganall founded (A.D. 1089) the Priory of the Holy
+Trinity in York, said to have been built on the site of a former
+Roman heathen temple; one of his family, Helias Pagnall, being
+subsequently Prior of this institution, and Canon of Selby.&nbsp;
+When the present Church of the Holy <!-- page 178--><a
+name="page178"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 178</span>Trinity was
+restored in 1904, among other ancient monuments, was found the
+slab of the tomb of Ralph Ranulph, which is still preserved in
+the church, along with sculptures commemorative of St. Benedict,
+St. Martin of Tours, Prior Helias, and others. <a
+name="citation178a"></a><a href="#footnote178a"
+class="citation">[178a]</a></p>
+<p>Ranulph, by charter of that date, endowed the abbey with
+two-thirds of the tithes of Ashby; which was further confirmed by
+charters of 1100, 1125, and 1179.&nbsp; This Ranulph Paganall was
+Sheriff of Yorkshire.&nbsp; The last known representative of his
+family was William Paganall, summoned to Parliament as a Baron in
+the reign of Edward III.&nbsp; Dugdale states <a
+name="citation178b"></a><a href="#footnote178b"
+class="citation">[178b]</a> that the Priory of the Holy Trinity
+was made, by its founder, a dependency or cell of the greater
+monastery (marmonstier) of the above, St. Martin in Touraine; and
+by the Inquisition, taken at York, 34 Ed. I., it was found that
+he claimed no portion of the temporalities of the Priory, beyond
+the right to place an official there, during the vacancy of the
+priorate, as temporary custodian.&nbsp; The name Paganall became
+in later times softened into Paynell; they were at one time Lords
+of Bampton.</p>
+<p>At a later period the manor of Ashby, probably with that of
+Horncastle, belonged to Gerard de Rhodes and his descendant,
+Ralph; since in a Charter Roll of 14 Henry III. (pt. i, M. 12),
+we find that King&rsquo;s confirmation of a grant, made by the
+said Ralph, to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, of &ldquo;the manor of
+Horncastle, with the soke, and the advowsons of the churches, and
+all other things pertaining to the same in all places,&rdquo;
+evidently including the churches of the hamlets as well as that
+of the town.&nbsp; Among the witnesses to this are Gervase,
+Archdeacon of Carlisle; and Henry de Capella; the latter name
+being noticeable because, as will be seen below, Ashby was called
+&ldquo;Capella.&rdquo; <a name="citation178c"></a><a
+href="#footnote178c" class="citation">[178c]</a></p>
+<p>The Abbey of Kirkstead had a grange in Ashby, which after the
+dissolution of the monasteries, was granted in the 5th year of
+Edward VI., to William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer
+of England; this is now part of the Ashby Thorpe estate. <a
+name="citation178d"></a><a href="#footnote178d"
+class="citation">[178d]</a>&nbsp; In 1820 this was the property
+of Mr. Joseph Rinder.&nbsp; It is now partly owned by the Booth
+family, and partly by the Smedley trustees.</p>
+<p>The parish is still divided into Far Thorpe, Church Thorpe,
+and Middle Thorpe.&nbsp; Far Thorpe included the farms held by
+the late Mr. Griffin and Mr. Addison.&nbsp; Mr. Wattam&rsquo;s
+house, which is moated, was the old Midthorpe Hall.&nbsp; As
+being a hamlet of Horncastle, the benefice was formerly called
+Ashby &ldquo;Capella,&rdquo; or the Ashby Chapelry; and like
+Horncastle, Wood Enderby, High Toynton, and Mareham is given in
+&ldquo;Liber Regis&rdquo; as in the patronage of the Bishop of
+Carlisle.&nbsp; Until recently it was a perpetual curacy, in
+value about &pound;50 a year; but about 30 years ago, on the
+enfranchisement of certain episcopal lands, the Ecclesiastical
+Commissioners endowed it to the extent of &pound;300 a year, and
+built a substantial vicarage.&nbsp; The patronage is now with the
+Lord Chancellor by exchange with Kirk Oswald, Cumberland.</p>
+<p>The church, All Saints, is of considerable size, being one of
+the largest village churches in the neighbourhood, mainly in the
+Perpendicular style, and substantially built, consisting of
+tower, nave, and chancel, the two latter of the same elevation
+throughout.&nbsp; The tower has three old bells, and a peal of
+eight tubular bells.&nbsp; Gervase Holles gives the inscriptions
+on the bells as being:</p>
+<p><!-- page 179--><a name="page179"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+179</span>1.&nbsp; Sit nomen Domini benedictum.</p>
+<p>2.&nbsp; Intonat e c&aelig;lis vox campana Michaelis.</p>
+<p>3.&nbsp; Sum rosa pulsata Mundi Maria vocata.</p>
+<p>One of these was, some years ago, re-cast; and now bears the
+inscription &ldquo;voco ad templum, date 1759.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The main features of the church are as follows: the porch arch
+is semi-circular, Norman, the west window in the tower is
+unusually high, 12-ft. by 4-ft. in width, of three lights.&nbsp;
+The north aisle has four bays.&nbsp; The nave, in the south wall,
+has two three-light windows, the western one perpendicular and
+having pointed arch, the eastern square headed.&nbsp; In the
+north wall there is a three-light debased decorated window.&nbsp;
+In the west wall of the north aisle is a two-light window of
+coloured glass, in memory of Augustus Elmhirst; and in its
+eastern wall is a three-light memorial window to his sister, Mrs.
+Elizabeth Jane Ruck Keene.&nbsp; In the south wall of the chancel
+are two late four-centre two-light windows; and in the north wall
+a three-light flamboyant window.&nbsp; Gervase Holles mentions a
+north chancel window having &ldquo;sa. a crosse between 4
+cinquefoyles arg. . . .,&rdquo; <a name="citation179"></a><a
+href="#footnote179" class="citation">[179]</a> but this has
+disappeared.&nbsp; The east window is modern, with three
+lights.&nbsp; A new window was erected, in 1907, in the north
+aisle (corresponding to a window inserted in 1905, in memory of
+General and Mrs. Elmhirst), by Mr. H. R. Elmhirst, to the memory
+of his late wife, Lilian Frances, nee Hatfeild; the artists were
+Powell and Sons; the subject Faith, Hope and Love represented by
+three figures.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p179b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"All Saints&rsquo; Church, West Ashby"
+title=
+"All Saints&rsquo; Church, West Ashby"
+src="images/p179s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The communion table has a very handsome cover, with red
+frontal, elaborately embroidered with old Roman work.&nbsp; A
+carved wooden reredos has recently been presented by Col. and
+Mrs. Stack.&nbsp; On a tablet on the north wall <!-- page
+180--><a name="page180"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 180</span>is
+an elaborate inscription, in memory of Lieutenant Richard
+Calthrop, who was killed at the siege of Algiers; erected by his
+mother and 10 surviving brothers and sisters; who are said to
+have lived to the remarkable average age of 85 years.&nbsp; There
+are various tablets commemorative of the families of Rockliffe,
+Drewry, Pierce and Elmhirst.&nbsp; There is a north door, as well
+as south, to the nave.&nbsp; The font is a plain octagonal one,
+perpendicular in style.</p>
+<p>The church was restored and reseated in 1873; the tower being
+renovated in memory of Mrs. Barnard, otherwise known as
+&ldquo;Claribel,&rdquo; a well-known musical composer, connected
+with the Elmhirst family.&nbsp; It is lofty and massive,
+surmounted by four high pinnacles and large gurgoyles at the
+angles.</p>
+<p>The register dates from 1561. <a name="citation180a"></a><a
+href="#footnote180a" class="citation">[180a]</a>&nbsp; The
+communion plate consists of a cup, with inscription &ldquo;Ashby
+Chappell, 1758;&rdquo; a paten presented by &ldquo;Elizabeth
+Pierce, Christmas Day, 1841,&rdquo; and flagon, given by the
+same, in 1859.&nbsp; She was the wife of the Vicar of that day,
+the Rev. W. M. Pierce, and an authoress.&nbsp; In the churchyard
+are the tombstones of John Thistlewood and his wife; he was
+brother of the Cato Street conspirator, and died at Louth, having
+formerly resided at Ashby and Wispington.</p>
+<p>The late William Elmhirst, Esq., bought the lands here
+formerly belonging to the Bishops of Carlisle, and erected a
+handsome and substantial residence, in well-wooded grounds; which
+in later years passed by purchase to the Booth family, by whom
+it, and the estates attached, are now owned.&nbsp; It is at
+present occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Newstead.&nbsp; The Elmhirsts
+are at present represented by H. R. Elmhirst, Esq., son of the
+late General Charles Elmhirst, C.B., who resides at The
+Grove.</p>
+<h3>HIGH TOYNTON.</h3>
+<p>High Toynton is situated about 1&frac12; miles from
+Horncastle, in an easterly direction, on the road to Partney and
+Spilsby.&nbsp; It would seem to have been formerly, like West
+Ashby, an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle.&nbsp; The old
+record <a name="citation180b"></a><a href="#footnote180b"
+class="citation">[180b]</a> says (as already quoted under West
+Ashby) &ldquo;The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of
+Upper Thinton, and of Maringes (Mareham), and of Hinderby, are of
+the gift of the lord,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i> the Lord of the
+Manor.&nbsp; As thus not being a separate manor, it is barely
+more than mentioned in <i>Domesday Book</i>, where it is called
+Todintune, and Tedingtone.&nbsp; Queen Editha, wife of Edward the
+Confessor, would be Lady of the Manor; but William the Conqueror
+took possession and held lands here, in demesne, with tenants and
+dependants.</p>
+<p>That the manor afterwards, along with that of Horncastle,
+became the property of Gerard de Rhodes, is shewn by the
+following peculiar circumstances.&nbsp; In a Feet of Fines, at
+Lincoln, 9 Henry III., No. 52, it is recorded that an agreement
+was arranged in the King&rsquo;s Court at Westminster, (3 Feb.,
+A.D. 1224&ndash;5), between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina his wife,
+plaintiffs, and Ralph de Rhodes, a descendant of Gerard,
+defendant, whereby certain lands in Upper Tynton, Mareham, and
+other places, were recognized by the plaintiffs as the property
+of Ralph de Rhodes; they receiving, in lieu thereof, 100&frac12;
+acres of land, and 11 acres of meadow, with appurtenances, all in
+Upper Tynton.&nbsp; These lands are further specified by name, as
+24 acres next Graham (<i>i.e.</i> <!-- page 181--><a
+name="page181"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 181</span>Greetham),
+12 acres in culture called &ldquo;Hethoten acre&rdquo;
+(<i>i.e.</i> Heath of ten acres), 9 acres of land in
+&ldquo;Pesewang&rdquo; (<i>i.e.</i> Peas-field), 5&frac12; acres
+in &ldquo;Sex acre,&rdquo; 7 acres in Leir-mewang (or low
+mead-field), 4 acres in culture of Lange landes, 6 acres in
+Whetewang (<i>i.e.</i> wheat-field), and 10 acres in Kruncewang
+(<i>qy.</i> crown&rsquo;s-field?); and further plots not
+specially named.&nbsp; The peculiar feature however of their
+tenure was, that they and their heirs were &ldquo;to have and to
+hold the said lands for ever . . . rendering therefor by the year
+one pair of gilt spurs, or 6d., at Easter, for all service and
+exaction.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p181b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. John the Baptist&rsquo;s Church, High Toynton"
+title=
+"St. John the Baptist&rsquo;s Church, High Toynton"
+src="images/p181s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>A Pipe Roll (14 Henry III., Lincoln) states that
+&ldquo;Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, holds certain lands
+hereditarily of the aforesaid Ralph de Rhodes;&rdquo; and in a
+Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Edward III., 2nd Nrs., No.
+29 (1360), mention is made of &ldquo;Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, and John his younger brother, and their heirs,&rdquo;
+as tenants of the Manor of Horncastle, &ldquo;and of lands in
+Over Tynton,&rdquo; which they &ldquo;hold of the said
+Bishop.&rdquo;&nbsp; These were scions of the wealthy family of
+the Thimblebyies, Lords of Poolham, and other estates.&nbsp; One
+of them married a daughter and co-heir of Sir William Fflete,
+Knt.; another married a daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys; this Sir
+Walter being the son of Henry Tailboys and his wife, Alianora,
+daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon and his wife, Elizabeth,
+sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.</p>
+<p><!-- page 182--><a name="page182"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+182</span>By a Close Roll, 20 Henry VII. (part 2 [No. 367] No.
+33), it appears that Sir Thomas Dymmok, Knight, had recently
+purchased lands in Over Tynton, Nether Tynton, Maring next
+Horncastle, and other parishes; which he granted to his son Leo,
+and his heirs for ever.</p>
+<p>Further, by a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII.,
+No. 61, it is found that Humphrey Conyngesby, Sergeant at Law,
+and others instituted a suit on behalf of William Stavely, and
+others, by which he recovered to them the Manor of (apparently
+Upper) Taunton, the advowson of the church of Nether Taunton,
+about 2,700 acres of various land, and the rent of 4&frac12;
+quarters of salt in Over Taunton, Nether Taunton, Tetford, and
+other parishes.</p>
+<p>The Manor, with that of Horncastle, continued for a long
+period in the hands of the Bishops of Carlisle; who were patrons
+of the benefice until the creation of a bishopric of Manchester,
+in 1848, when their patronage in this neighbourhood was
+transferred to that See.&nbsp; The Manor, however, with that of
+Horncastle, had previously passed to Sir Joseph Banks, and came
+eventually to his successors, the Stanhopes.&nbsp; The benefice,
+until late years, was a very poor one, being a perpetual curacy,
+annexed to Mareham-on-the-Hill; their joint annual value being
+&pound;160, without a residence.&nbsp; But when the episcopal
+property (the Bishop being Rector) was transferred to the
+Ecclesiastical Commissioners, they, with the aid of Queen
+Anne&rsquo;s Bounty, raised the joint benefices to &pound;300 a
+year; and in 1869 erected a good residence at Toynton, now
+occupied by the Vicar, the Rev. W. Shaw.</p>
+<p>The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was formerly a
+very mean structure, dating from the 18th century (1772), in the
+worst of styles, with wooden-framed windows, of large square
+panes of glass, and having a flat whitewashed ceiling.&nbsp; The
+timbers of this had become so decayed that a former
+curate-in-charge, mounting to the false roof, to examine them,
+fell through, among the square pews below.&nbsp; This incident
+led, not too soon, to the rebuilding of the fabric, at a cost of
+more than &pound;1,200 in 1872, on the site of the previous
+building, as also of an original 13th century edifice.&nbsp; The
+present church is a substantial and neat structure in the early
+English style, thoroughly well kept, and with several pleasing
+features.&nbsp; It consists of nave, chancel, and porch, with
+tower and low spire.&nbsp; The nave has, in the north wall, two
+single-light narrow pointed windows, and at its eastern end a
+two-light window, having a quatrefoil above.&nbsp; In the south
+wall there is one single-light and one two-light window,
+corresponding to the above; the porch, taking place of a window
+at its western end.</p>
+<p>The two-light window in the north wall has coloured glass,
+with various devices, one being a small copy of the famous
+Descent from the Cross, by Rubens, in Antwerp Cathedral; another
+the Royal Arms, with the initials V.R. below, and date
+1848.&nbsp; The corresponding two-light window in the south wall
+has coloured glass &ldquo;In memory of Eliza, wife of the Rev. T.
+Snead Hughes, late Vicar, she died March 9, 1872, aged
+57.&rdquo;&nbsp; The subjects in the two lights are the Ascension
+of our Lord, and the three women at the sepulchre, with an angel
+pointing upward.&nbsp; In the west wall of the nave are two
+pointed windows beneath a cusped circlet, all filled with
+coloured glass; the lower subjects being John the Baptist
+preaching in the wilderness, and the baptism of our Lord by John
+in the Jordan; the upper subject is the angel appearing to
+Zachariah; all three having reference to the patron saint of the
+church.&nbsp; An inscription states that these are a memorial to
+the late Mark Harrison and his wife Ann, erected by their
+family.</p>
+<p><!-- page 183--><a name="page183"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+183</span>The font is of stone, octagonal, having four different
+kinds of crosses on the alternate faces, a circular shaft ending
+in octagon, and on octagonal pediment.&nbsp; Within the south
+porch, over the outer and inner doorways are old fragments of
+massive zigzag pattern, all that remains of a whilom Norman
+structure.&nbsp; The modern doorway arch, externally, has a
+dog-tooth moulding, with floriated finials.&nbsp; The tower, over
+the porch, is square below, octagonal above, with small lancet
+windows in each face, and is surmounted by a low spire; it
+contains one bell.&nbsp; The roof and sittings are of
+pitchpine.</p>
+<p>The chancel arch is of massive stone, plain, and of wide
+span.&nbsp; In the east wall of the chancel are three narrow
+windows, the central higher than the other two; they have good
+coloured glass by Clayton and Bell.&nbsp; Beneath is a handsome
+reredos of Caen stone, erected in memory of the late Mr. Thomas
+Terrot Taylor.&nbsp; It has one large central device, the Agnus
+Dei within a circle, and on each side four divisions, containing
+a dove with olive leaf, Fleur de Lys, ears of corn, a passion
+flower, vine leaves and grapes, a crown, a rose, and a
+conventional flower.&nbsp; On each side are memorial tablets of
+the Ball family.&nbsp; In the south wall is a brass tablet in
+memory of Mr. Taylor, and a small pointed window.&nbsp; In the
+north wall is a doorway leading to the vestry.&nbsp; Within the
+vestry, lighted by a similar small pointed window, are three more
+Ball tablets, and a priest&rsquo;s door.&nbsp; In the centre of
+the nave floor, close to the chancel step, is a large slab
+&ldquo;In memory of the Rev. William Robinson, 22 years
+Incumbent, who died May 8, 1830, aged 56.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+register only dates from 1715, and contains no entries of special
+interest.</p>
+<p>In a List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln,
+it is shewn that in 1562, on the resignation of the then Vicar,
+one John Howsone, Michael West, Clerk, was appointed to this
+vicarage, along with that of Nether Toynton, by Richard Bertie,
+Esq., the ancestor of the present Earl of Ancaster.&nbsp; This
+was probably by some private arrangement with the Bishop of
+Carlisle, as the Berties (as the Willoughbys are now) were
+patrons of Low Toynton, but not of Upper, or High, Toynton.&nbsp;
+He was instituted to the two benefices on July 9th of that
+year.</p>
+<h3>MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL.</h3>
+<p>Of this parish, ecclesiastically annexed to High Toynton,
+little can be said.&nbsp; The name was anciently written
+Maringes, <a name="citation183a"></a><a href="#footnote183a"
+class="citation">[183a]</a> or Marun <a
+name="citation183b"></a><a href="#footnote183b"
+class="citation">[183b]</a>; the former probably from the low
+&ldquo;marish,&rdquo; or marsh, &ldquo;ings,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i>
+meadows, the suffix being the Saxon &ldquo;ham,&rdquo; a
+homestead.&nbsp; It lies about two miles south-east from
+Horncastle, connected with High Toynton by footpath, and bridle
+road, across the fields barely a mile in length, but for
+carriages a detour of more than double that distance has to be
+made.</p>
+<p>This parish, like High Toynton and West Ashby, is in the soke
+of Horncastle.&nbsp; In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is stated that
+the manor comprised 3 carucates, or about 360 acres of land, with
+21 soc-men and 11 bordars, <a name="citation183c"></a><a
+href="#footnote183c" class="citation">[183c]</a> who had four
+<!-- page 184--><a name="page184"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+184</span>carucates, or about 480 acres; there were further 60
+acres of meadow, and, what no longer exists, 300 acres of
+underwood; which was a very large proportion, considering that in
+Scrivelsby, now a well wooded estate, closely adjoining, there
+were at that time only six acres of underwood.</p>
+<p>Sir Lionel Dymoke, a scion of the Scrivelsby family, once
+resided in this parish.&nbsp; His will, dated 15th April, 1512,
+is a good specimen of the orthography of the period.&nbsp; The
+following are portions of it: &ldquo;I leon Dymoke of maryng of
+the hill in the Countie of lincolne knyght being of good and
+hoole mynde make and ordigne my testament and Last will in forme
+following | First I bequeathe my soule to almyghty god and to the
+blessid virgine his mother seint Mary and to all the holy Company
+of heven | And forasmoch as no man is certeine of the houre of
+dethe nor what place he shall die in and nothyng so certeine as
+dethe | and for as moch as I by the kyng&#8467; pleasure shall
+goo in hys warrys in the parties by yonde the see | Therefore my
+body to be buryed where it shall please almyghty god | Also that
+I will that my Executours for the helth of my soule in as hasty
+tyme as they may after my deceas paye or do to be paid all and
+singler my detts . . .&nbsp; Also I bequethe and gyve to the
+Church warke of Maryng of al halowes vjs viijd and to the highe
+aulter there for tythes and oblacions forgoten xxd and to seint
+Jamys gild of maryng xxd . . .&nbsp; Also I gyve and bequethe to
+the Convent of the black Freris of Boston for a trentall <a
+name="citation184a"></a><a href="#footnote184a"
+class="citation">[184a]</a> to be song for me and all Christen
+Soules xs,&rdquo; &amp;c., &amp;c.&nbsp; On 17th August, 1519
+(when he was apparently on his death bed), witnesses certify that
+he added a codicil to be annexed, &ldquo;saying these words in
+his mother tongue.&nbsp; I will that Sr John Heron knyght have my
+landes in nethertynton whether I lyve or dye . . . and if my wif
+or myne execut&#333;s thynk there be any thyng expressed in my
+wille oute of goode ordre I will it be reformed by Anne my wif as
+she and they thynke most pleasure to god profytt for my
+soule.&rdquo; <a name="citation184b"></a><a href="#footnote184b"
+class="citation">[184b]</a></p>
+<p>As to the owners of the demesne nothing further is told us;
+but since in Testa de Nevill, already quoted, it is stated that
+&ldquo;the churches of Horncastre, Askeby, Upper Thinton,
+Maringes, &amp;c., are of the gift of the Lord.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+Gerard de Rhodes was, doubtless, at one time, the common Lord of
+all those manors, as well as his descendant Ralph de
+Rhodes.&nbsp; Mr. Weir states that the manor at a later period
+belonged to Edward Marsh, Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county
+of Lincoln; by a descendant of whom it was sold to William
+Hudson, Esquire, of Gray&rsquo;s Inn.&nbsp; In 1659 it was sold
+to one Duncombe, of whom it was purchased in 1688 by Sir Edmund
+Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight; in whose family it still
+continues.&nbsp; Other proprietors are Richard Ward, Esq., and
+Dr. Parkinson.</p>
+<p>In <i>Domesday Book</i> there is mention of &ldquo;a church
+and priest,&rdquo; the latter, therefore, being doubtless
+resident in the parish; although for many years there has been no
+residence for an incumbent.&nbsp; In 1830 the benefice was held,
+with High Toynton, by the Rev. E. R. H. G. Palmer, a relative of
+Viscount Halifax, who resided in Horncastle; in 1863 by the Rev.
+Isaac Hall, who did the same; and it was not till 1869 that a
+residence was erected at High Toynton for the united
+benefices.</p>
+<p><!-- page 185--><a name="page185"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+185</span>Of the church, All Saints, we can only say that it
+stands in a good position, on high ground; that its walls are
+substantial, but that its style is of the meanest; it having been
+rebuilt in the early part of the 19th century (1813); and beyond
+a piscina, now in the north wall, it has no features of interest;
+having wooden-framed windows, square painted pews, walls
+whitewashed within and without, and a flat ceiling.&nbsp; It
+greatly needs renovation, being now almost a solitary
+representative, in the neighbourhood, of that very worst period
+of architectural decadence.&nbsp; With fairly good sandstone in
+the present walls, and probably more in the foundations of an
+earlier church, to be exhumed, and an abundance <i>in situ</i>
+not far away, restoration, or even re-erection, might be
+effected, at a moderate outlay.</p>
+<p>The one bell hangs in a shabby bell turret.&nbsp; While
+repairs were being carried out in 1813 two nobles of Edward IV.,
+two angels of Henry VII., and several silver coins of different
+reigns, contained in a leathern purse, were found concealed in
+the wall. <a name="citation185a"></a><a href="#footnote185a"
+class="citation">[185a]</a></p>
+<h3>LOW TOYNTON.</h3>
+<p>Low Toynton lies about a mile from Horncastle to the
+north-east.&nbsp; It is approached through rich meadows, watered
+by the river Waring. <a name="citation185b"></a><a
+href="#footnote185b" class="citation">[185b]</a>&nbsp; The Rector
+is the Rev. J. W. Bayldon, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.&nbsp; Overseers, G. E. Read and W. Scholey.&nbsp;
+Letters <i>via</i> Horncastle arrive at 8.30.</p>
+<p>The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small structure with
+no pretention to architectural beauty, and almost entirely
+covered with ivy.&nbsp; It was rebuilt in 1811, a period when
+architectural taste was at its lowest ebb, and barbarisms in
+stone, brick, and mortar were very generally perpetrated.&nbsp;
+It was re-seated in 1863, during the incumbency of the Rev. E. M.
+Chapman.&nbsp; It consists of chancel, nave, vestry, and open
+belfry containing one bell.&nbsp; The chancel arch is the only
+remnant of a former Norman structure.&nbsp; The font is
+apparently a 14th century one, almost a replica of that in
+Huttoft Church, which is engraved in <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 225.&nbsp; The bowl is octagonal, its
+faces filled with figures representing the Holy Trinity, the
+virgin and child, and the 12 apostles.&nbsp; The bowl is joined
+to the shaft by angelic figures round the lower part of it.&nbsp;
+The octagonal shaft has figures of St. Paul, Mary Magdalen, a
+bishop with chalice, another with scourge, and other subjects
+much mutilated, at the base are the winged lion, ox, man, and
+eagle, emblematical of the evangelists.&nbsp; The walls of the
+church are relieved by some coloured designs, and borders of
+ecclesiastical patterns, running round the windows, &amp;c.,
+originally executed by that genuine artist the late Rev. C. P.
+Terrot, Vicar of Wispington.&nbsp; These decorations have been
+recently (1898) renewed by Mr. C. Hensman, of Horncastle, when
+the church was thoroughly repaired, both inside and out; new
+panelling placed in the nave, and a new window in the vestry; and
+in the following year (1899) a new harmonium was purchased from
+Messrs. Chappell and Co., London.</p>
+<p>The east window is filled with modern coloured glass, the
+subjects being the Transfiguration, the Crucifixion, and the
+Ascension.&nbsp; On the sill of the east window are placed, over
+the communion table, two handsomely carved <!-- page 186--><a
+name="page186"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 186</span>old oak
+candlesticks, presented by the Rev. C. P. Terrot.&nbsp; On the
+north wall of the nave there is a small oval brass tablet, which
+was found in 1888, face downwards in the vestry floor.&nbsp; It
+bears the following inscription: &ldquo;Here lyeth the body of
+Edward Rolleston, Esquir, who departed this life the 23rd of
+July, in the thirtey-fourth year of his age; interr&rsquo;d
+underneath this place the 4th of August, A.D. 1687.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+As 12 days elapsed between death and burial it is probable that
+he died abroad.&nbsp; The manor and whole parish, except the
+glebe, still belongs to the Rolleston family; the benefice being
+in the patronage of the Earl of Ancaster.</p>
+<p>In the floor of the chancel are two memorial slabs, one of the
+Rev. R. Spranger, D.C.L., late Rector of Low Toynton and Creeton,
+who enlarged the rectory house, and was a munificent benefactor
+to the neighbourhood.&nbsp; Among other good deeds he built the
+bridge over the river Waring, on the road from Low Toynton to
+Horncastle. <a name="citation186"></a><a href="#footnote186"
+class="citation">[186]</a>&nbsp; He was a member of a family of
+some distinction; had a residence in London, as well as his
+rectory here; he was popularly said to drive the handsomest pair
+of horses in London; and there exists a portrait in oil of an
+ancestor, Chancellor Spranger, in one of the great galleries in
+Florence.&nbsp; Dr. Spranger was an intimate friend of J. Keble,
+the author of <i>The Christian Year</i>, and his son the Rev.
+Robert J. Spranger, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, spent the
+greater part of his life in Mr. Keble&rsquo;s parish, Hursley,
+Hants, as a voluntary assistant in his clerical work.</p>
+<p>The companion slab marks the last resting place of another
+rector, the Rev. J. Hutchinson, who died in 1788.&nbsp; His
+history is singular.&nbsp; Although well educated, he enlisted as
+a private in the army for foreign service; a commission however
+was subsequently obtained for him by his friends.&nbsp; He
+presently became attached to a lady who refused to marry a
+soldier.&nbsp; He then determined to take holy orders.&nbsp;
+Chance threw him in the way of a party of gentlemen at
+Manchester, one of them being the agent of Lord Willoughby.&nbsp;
+The latter stated that he had it in power, at that moment, to
+bestow a benefice, and that he would give it to anyone who could
+solve for him a particular problem.&nbsp; Mr. Hutchinson
+succeeded in doing this, and was eventually appointed Rector of
+Low Toynton.&nbsp; He held it, however, only 18 months, dying at
+an early age.&nbsp; Whether he married the lady is not
+stated.</p>
+<p>In the List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at
+Lincoln, it is recorded that in 1562 Michael West, Clerk, was
+appointed Rector of Nether Toynton and Vicar of Upper Toynton, by
+Richard Bertie, Esq., ancestor of the Earl of Ancaster.&nbsp;
+This must have been by some private arrangement with the Bishop
+of Carlisle, who was patron of High Toynton; the Berties (as the
+Willoughbies are now) being only patrons of Low Toynton.&nbsp;
+From Liber Regis we learn that the Earl of Lindsey appointed to
+the benefice in 1692, the Duke of Ancaster in 1778, Sir Peter
+Burrell and Lady Willoughby d&rsquo; Eresby in 1783.</p>
+<p>The register dates from 1585.&nbsp; Under date 1717, Feb. 2nd,
+occurs the following entry: &ldquo;Robert Willy, of Upper
+Toynton, did penance in the parish church of Lower Toynton, for
+the heinous and great sin of adultery.&rdquo;&nbsp; A note in the
+baptismal register states that on July 18th, 1818, Bishop George
+(Tomline) confirmed at Horncastle 683 candidates, among them
+being five from Low Toynton.&nbsp; Confirmations were not held so
+frequently then as they now are.&nbsp; In this parish Mr. Thomas
+Gibson, Vicar of Horncastle, when turned out of his preferment by
+the Puritans, lived for some &ldquo;two years but poorly,
+teaching a few pupils.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><!-- page 187--><a name="page187"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+187</span>Little is known of the early history of this parish or
+of its proprietors.&nbsp; In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem,
+11 Henry VII., No. 123, taken at Partney, after the death of
+Isabella, wife of Richard Sapcote, Knight, the said Isabella is
+declared by the jurors to have died seized of the Manor of Nether
+Toynton, and of the advowson; and Joan, wife of William Nevill,
+of Rolleston, Notts., and others are declared to be daughters and
+heirs of the said Isabella; she herself being kinswoman and heir
+of William Plesington, son of Henry Plesington, Knight. <a
+name="citation187a"></a><a href="#footnote187a"
+class="citation">[187a]</a></p>
+<p>In a list of Lincolnshire names contained in the visitation of
+1665&ndash;6, by William Dugdale, Esq., are Agnes Goodrick,
+daughter of Robert Goodrick, of Toynton, and Bridget and
+Elizabeth Rolston, daughters of Edward Rolston, of Toynton. <a
+name="citation187b"></a><a href="#footnote187b"
+class="citation">[187b]</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p187b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Peter&rsquo;s Church, Low Toynton"
+title=
+"St. Peter&rsquo;s Church, Low Toynton"
+src="images/p187s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>By a Chancery Inquisition of 38 Henry VIII. (1546), it was
+found that Thomas Dymoke, Esq., was seized of land in Over
+Toynton, Nether Toynton, Maring-upon the-Hill, and other
+parishes; and by an Inquisition of 36 Elizabeth, it was found
+that Robert Dymock, Esq., was seized of the Manors of ffuletby
+and Belchforde, and lands in Horncastle, Nether Tointon and Upper
+Tointon, and several other parishes.&nbsp; He died without issue
+13th Sept., 1594, and his only sister, Anne, widow of Charles
+Bolle, of Haugh, succeeded to his property in Nether Toynton and
+elsewhere; and thus the connection of the Dymokes with Low
+Toynton ceased. <a name="citation187c"></a><a
+href="#footnote187c" class="citation">[187c]</a></p>
+<p>There is rather a curious feature in the following
+record.&nbsp; By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry
+VII., No. 61, it is found that Humphrey <!-- page 188--><a
+name="page188"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 188</span>Conyngsby,
+Sergeant at Law, and others, instituted a suit on behalf of
+William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to them, among
+other properties, &ldquo;the advowson of Nether Taunton, and the
+rent of 4&frac12; quarters of salt, in Nether Taunton, Over
+Taunton, and other parishes.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>We now find another ancient name connected with this
+parish.&nbsp; The Newcomens (originally Le Newcomen, or the
+newcomer) of Saltfleetby, were one of our oldest Lincolnshire
+families.&nbsp; They are named in Yorke&rsquo;s &ldquo;Union of
+Honour,&rdquo; and their pedigrees given in four Lincolnshire
+Visitations.&nbsp; The number of branches into which the race
+spread is remarkable. <a name="citation188a"></a><a
+href="#footnote188a" class="citation">[188a]</a>&nbsp; Andrew
+Newcomen lived in the time of Richard I., resident at
+Saltfleetby, where the headquarters of the family continued for
+many generations.&nbsp; Robert Newcomen (1304) married Alice,
+daughter of Sir William Somercotes, Knight.&nbsp; His son, also
+Robert, married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Hardingshall,
+Knight.&nbsp; Another Robert (1452) married Joane, daughter of
+Robert Craycroft, of Craycroft Hall.&nbsp; A daughter Katharine,
+of Brian Newcomen, married (1559) George Bolle, of Haugh, a
+family already mentioned as, a few years later, connected with
+Low Toynton.&nbsp; In 1540 we find Richard Newcomen residing at
+Nether Toynton.&nbsp; By his will, dated 3rd Sept., 1540, he
+requests that he may be buried in the church of St. Peter, Nether
+Toynton.&nbsp; He appoints the right worshipful Edward Dymoke,
+supervisor.&nbsp; His grandson, Samuel Newcomen, of Nether
+Toynton, married Frances, daughter of Thomas Massingberd, of
+Braytoft Hall, M.P. for Calais (1552).&nbsp; This branch of the
+family seems to have died out in the person of Thomas Newcomen
+(1592); <a name="citation188b"></a><a href="#footnote188b"
+class="citation">[188b]</a> but other branches spread over the
+neighbourhood, and were established at Bag Enderby, East Kirkby,
+Withern, and other places, and flourished throughout the 17th
+century.&nbsp; Another Newcomen early in the 18th century married
+a daughter of Sir Robert Barkham, Bart.</p>
+<p>A renewal of connection with Low Toynton was made when the
+widow of Nicholas Newcomen married, circa 1700, the Honble.
+Charles Bertie, son of Robert, 4th Earl of Lindsey, patron of the
+benefice of Nether Toynton.&nbsp; Arthur Bocher, Esq., of Low
+Toynton, was in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1536, being
+brother-in-law of Thomas Moygne, one of the leaders in the
+movement.</p>
+<p>Thus the parish of Low Toynton has had residents, proprietors,
+and rectors, to whom its present inhabitants may look back with
+some degree of pride and pleasure, although &ldquo;their place
+now knoweth them no more.&rdquo;</p>
+<h3>ROUGHTON.</h3>
+<p>This village stands on the west bank of the river Bain, about
+4 miles to the south of Horncastle.&nbsp; It is bounded on the
+north by Thornton and Martin, on the east by Haltham and
+Dalderby, on the south by Kirkby-on-Bain, and on the west by
+Kirkstead, Kirkby, and Woodhall.&nbsp; The area is 1020 acres,
+rateable value &pound;945, population 137, entirely
+agricultural.&nbsp; The soil is loam, on kimeridge clay, with
+&ldquo;Bain terrace&rdquo; gravel deposits.</p>
+<p>The nearest railway stations are at Horncastle and Woodhall
+Spa, each about four miles distant.&nbsp; There is an award and
+map of Haltham and Roughton in the parish, and a copy at the
+County Council office, Lincoln.&nbsp; Three <!-- page 189--><a
+name="page189"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 189</span>roads meet
+in the middle of the village, one from Horncastle, one to
+Woodhall Spa and Kirkstead, one to Kirkby-on-Bain, Coningsby and
+Tattershall.</p>
+<p>Sir Henry Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in the adjoining
+parish of Kirkby, is Lord of the Manor, but Lady Hartwell
+(daughter of the late Sir Henry Dymoke, the King&rsquo;s
+Champion), and the executors of the Clinton family (now Clinton
+Baker) and the Rector own most of the soil; there being a few
+small proprietors.&nbsp; Roughton Hall, the property of Lady
+Hartwell, is occupied by F. G. Hayward, Esq.</p>
+<p>The register dates from 1564.&nbsp; Peculiar entries are those
+of 43 burials for the years 1631&ndash;2, including those of the
+Rector and his two daughters, who died within a few days of each
+other; this was from the visitation called &ldquo;The
+Plague,&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Black Death.&rdquo;&nbsp; For some
+years before 1657 only civil marriages were valid in law, and
+Judge Filkin is named in the register as marrying the Rector of
+Roughton, John Barcroft, to Ann Coulen.&nbsp; In 1707 Mary Would
+is named as overseer of the parish, it being very unusual at that
+period for women to hold office.&nbsp; Another entry, in the
+overseer&rsquo;s book, needs an explanation.&nbsp; &ldquo;Simon
+Grant, for 1 day&rsquo;s work of bages, 2s. 6d.;&rdquo; and
+again, &ldquo;Simon flint, for 1 day&rsquo;s work of bages, 2s.
+6d.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Bage&rdquo; was the turf, cut for
+burning; in this case being cut from the &ldquo;church
+moor,&rdquo; for the church fire.&nbsp; It was severe labour,
+often producing rupture of the labourer&rsquo;s body, hence the
+high pay.</p>
+<p>There is a charity named the &ldquo;Chamerlayne Dole,&rdquo;
+of 10s., given yearly to the poor, left by Martha Chamerlayn in
+1702.&nbsp; It is a charge upon a cottage and garden owned by Mr.
+T. Jackson, of Horncastle.</p>
+<p>The National School was established about 1860, in a building
+erected in 1834 as a Wesleyan Chapel.&nbsp; It was enlarged in
+1872 and 1879.&nbsp; It is supported by a voluntary rate.</p>
+<p>The Church, St. Margaret&rsquo;s, is of no architectural
+beauty, being built of brick and sandstone.&nbsp; It consists of
+nave and chancel, with castellated tower, having one bell, also
+castellated parapets at the north and south corners of the east
+chancel wall.&nbsp; The font is Norman, circular, with circular
+pediment, having an old oak octagonal cover, cupola shaped, plain
+except slight carving round the rim.&nbsp; The fabric was newly
+roofed in 1870, when it was fitted with good open benches, the
+chancel paved with encaustic tiles, and the windows partly filled
+with stained glass; there are fragments of a former carved rood
+screen, the pulpit being of plain old oak.</p>
+<p>In the chancel is a lengthy inscription, commemorative of
+Norreys Fynes; Esq., of Whitehall, in the adjoining parish of
+Martin.&nbsp; He was grandson of Sir Henry Clinton, eldest son of
+Henry, Earl of Lincoln, by his second wife, daughter of Sir
+Richard Morrison, and mother of Francis, Lord Norreys, afterwards
+Earl of Berkshire.&nbsp; He was a non-juror.&nbsp; He died
+January 10th, 1735&ndash;6, aged 74.&nbsp; There is a murial
+tablet to the memory of the Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, who died in
+1798; another to Charles Pilkington, Esq., who died in 1798, and
+Abigail, his wife, who died in 1817.</p>
+<p>The benefice is a discharged rectory, united to that of
+Haltham in 1741, and now held by the Rev. H. Spurrier, the patron
+being his son the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier.&nbsp; The two benefices
+together are valued at &pound;450 a year.&nbsp; There is a good
+rectory house.&nbsp; The church plate is modern.&nbsp; The
+village feast was discontinued about 50 years ago.</p>
+<p>Peculiar field names are the Low Ings, Bottom Slabs, Carr
+Bottom, <!-- page 190--><a name="page190"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 190</span>Church Moor, Honey Hole, Wong,
+Well-syke, Long Sand, Madam Clay, Sewer Close. <a
+name="citation190a"></a><a href="#footnote190a"
+class="citation">[190a]</a></p>
+<p>As to the early history of Roughton, <i>Domesday Book</i>
+gives it among the possessions of William the Conqueror, and also
+as belonging to Robert Despenser, his powerful steward, who
+probably held it under the king.&nbsp; A Chancery Inquisition
+post mortem, 22 Richard II., No. 13, A.D. 1399, shows that Ralph
+de Cromwell, jointly with his wife Matilda, held the adjoining
+Manor of Tumby, with appurtenances in Roughton and
+elsewhere.&nbsp; While another Inquisition of 13 Henry VII., No.
+34, shows that the said Matilda died, &ldquo;seised in fee tail
+of the same lands.&rdquo; <a name="citation190b"></a><a
+href="#footnote190b" class="citation">[190b]</a></p>
+<p>In the reign of Elizabeth a family of Eastwoods resided here,
+since the name of Andrew Eastwood, of Roughton, appears in the
+list (published by T. C. Noble) of those gentry who contributed
+&pound;25 to the Armada Fund.&nbsp; Other documents shew that at
+different periods the hall has been occupied by members of
+various county families, as Fynes (already named), Wichcote,
+Heneage, Dymoke, Pilkington, and Beaumont.</p>
+<p>The register has the following entries, probably written by an
+illiterate parish clerk, &ldquo;An the wife of Will. Hennag, was
+buered ye 9 of Feberery, 1729.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Madame
+Elizabeth fines was buered May ye 29, 1730.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Gervase Holles gives the following arms as existing in the
+church in his day.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra
+Australis Cancelli</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. 3 lyons passant gardant, or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">England</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty, or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Marmyon</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Argent, a plaine crosse B. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant purpure. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Lacy</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Chequy or and G., a chiefe ermyne . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Tateshall</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In
+Campanili</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt.,
+with girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, and neuf or. . . <a
+name="citation190c"></a><a href="#footnote190c"
+class="citation">[190c]</a></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h3>HALTHAM.</h3>
+<p>This village is distant from Horncastle between four and five
+miles in a southerly direction, lying on the east side of the
+river Bain.&nbsp; It is bounded on the north by Dalderby and
+Scrivelsby, on the south by Kirkby and its hamlet of Fulsby, on
+the east by Scrivelsby, Wood Enderby and Wilksby, and on the west
+by Roughton.&nbsp; The area is 2380 acres, rateable value
+&pound;1198.&nbsp; The soil is loam, with kimeridge clay below,
+and gravel deposits.&nbsp; Population 121, mainly
+agricultural.</p>
+<p>The main roads lead to Dalderby, Scrivelsby, and Horncastle,
+to Kirkby, Mareham-le-Fen, Coningsby, and Tattershall, and to
+Wood Enderby, Wilksby, and Revesby.&nbsp; The nearest railway
+station is at Horncastle.</p>
+<p>The Lord of the Manor was formerly the Champion Dymoke of
+Scrivelsby Court, but the late Rev. John Dymoke sold his estate
+in this parish, and the <!-- page 191--><a
+name="page191"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 191</span>manor is
+now the property of Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in
+the adjoining parish of Kirkby; W. H. Trafford, Esq., owning the
+remainder, except 150 acres of glebe.</p>
+<p>The benefice was united to that of Roughton in 1741, the two
+being now of the yearly value of &pound;450, and held by the Rev.
+H. Spurrier.&nbsp; The patron is the rector&rsquo;s eldest son,
+the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier.&nbsp; There is an award and map of
+Haltham and Roughton, of date 1775.&nbsp; A village feast is held
+on St. Benedict&rsquo;s Day (March 21), he being the patron saint
+of the church.</p>
+<p>There are some peculiar field names; as the Far, Middle, and
+Near Redlands, arable; the Top and Lower Brock-holes (brock
+meaning a badger), arable; the Black Sands, pasture; the Top and
+Low Malingars, arable; the East, West, and South High Rimes,
+arable; the Pingle, meadow; the Croft, pasture; the Oaks,
+pasture; Wood Close Meadow, the Old Cow Pasture.</p>
+<p>The register dates from 1561, and contains an entry for the
+year 1684: &ldquo;This yeare plague in Haltham.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation191"></a><a href="#footnote191"
+class="citation">[191]</a>&nbsp; There is a charity, the interest
+of &pound;5, left by John Dymoke, Esq., of Haltham, who in 1634
+is named among the Heralds&rsquo; List of Gentry, for yearly
+distribution by the overseers among the poor.&nbsp; The children
+attend the school at Roughton.</p>
+<p>The church is one of the most interesting in the
+neighbourhood.&nbsp; The chancel was restored and an open roof
+put up in 1881, at a cost of &pound;250.&nbsp; The nave was
+restored in 1891, at a cost of &pound;300.&nbsp; The sanctuary
+was paved with Minton tiles by the late Lady Dymoke.&nbsp; The
+most remarkable feature is a semi-circular tympanum over the door
+in the south porch, which is of early Norman, or possibly Saxon
+date.&nbsp; It has sculptured on it in somewhat rude fashion a
+Maltese cross within a circle, a second circle running through
+the limbs of the cross, a square with three-quarter circles at
+its corners, and semicircles midway of each side, which form the
+extremities of another cross, and between the limbs are
+roundels.&nbsp; Below is a figure resembling a fish, also four
+rows of triangles, and other complicated devices.&nbsp; The east
+window is a very fine flamboyant one, of date about 1350.&nbsp;
+Some of the sittings have very old rudely-carved poppy heads of
+oak.&nbsp; There are very fine carved oak canopies over two long
+pews in the north aisle, for the Champion Dymokes and their
+servants.&nbsp; There is a piscina with two fronts in the south
+wall of the chancel, and a series of three stone sedilia, in the
+north wall is an aumbrey.&nbsp; There is an incised slab to one
+of the Dymokes.&nbsp; The tower has three bells, and the bell
+chamber is closed by ancient boarding, on which are the ten
+commandments in old characters, and very curious Royal Arms of
+Charles I.&nbsp; The church plate consists of pewter paten,
+silver flagon and chalice, with date 1764, given by Mr. John
+Dickinson.</p>
+<p>In the village there is an old hostel, partly of the Tudor
+style, with pointed gable ends, projecting upper storey, and
+constructed externally of brick and woodwork.</p>
+<p>As to the early history of this parish little is definitely
+known.&nbsp; According to <i>Domesday Book</i> it was among the
+possessions of the Conqueror, and his steward, Robert Dispenser,
+held it under him.&nbsp; Probably like other parishes in the soke
+of Horncastle, the manor was held by Gerbald d&rsquo; Escald, his
+grandson Gerard de Rhodes, his son Ralph de Rhodes, sold by him
+to the Bishop of Carlisle, &amp;c.&nbsp; Of the ownership of
+Ralph de Rhodes we have evidence in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9
+Henry III., No. 52, containing an agreement between <!-- page
+192--><a name="page192"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+192</span>Henry del Ortiary and Sabina his wife, on the one hand,
+and Ralph de Rhodes, on the other hand, in which the former
+parties recognise the right of the said Ralph to certain lands in
+Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, and other parishes in the soke. <a
+name="citation192a"></a><a href="#footnote192a"
+class="citation">[192a]</a></p>
+<p>Of other families of distinction once connected with this
+parish we have indications in the arms which Gervase Holles found
+in the church windows in his time (circa 1630, temp. Chas. I.),
+which we give here.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris
+Cancelli</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty, d&rsquo;or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Marmyon</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. a cross sarcely, arg.&nbsp; . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Beke</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Sa. 2 lyons passant, arg. crowned, or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Sa. 3 flowres de lize betw. 6 crosse crosslets, fitchy,
+arg. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. 3 bars ermyne . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Kirketon</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Barry of 6, or and sa. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestr&aelig;
+Boreales</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>B. a lyon&rsquo;s head erased betw. 6 crosses, botony,
+arg. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Touthby</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Arg. 2 bars G. a border, sa. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Dymoke, each lyon charged sur l&rsquo; espale with an
+annulet . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil, or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">La Warre</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestr&aelig;
+Australes</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. 3 water-bougets, arg. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Ros</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Or on fesse G. 3 plates . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Huntingfield</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Rochfort with a garbe in the 2nd quarter, arg. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Rochfort with an annulet in the 2nd quarter, arg. . .
+.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Or, a manche G. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Hastings</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. a bend ermyne . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Ry</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2nd quarter, arg.
+. . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra
+Borealis Navis</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg. . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">La Warre</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Arg. on a bend, G. 3 gryphons heads erased, or . . .</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In
+Campanili</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Joh&rsquo;es Staines W. Jo. <a name="citation192b"></a><a
+href="#footnote192b" class="citation">[192b]</a></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h3>MAREHAM-LE-FEN.</h3>
+<p>Mareham-le-Fen lies about six miles south from Horncastle, and
+five miles eastward of Tattershall station, with a population of
+more than 800.&nbsp; Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive by mail
+cart at 7.30 a.m.&nbsp; This is the seat of a considerable
+industry, carried on by Mr. Titus Kime, as a grower of greatly
+improved varities of potatoes, agricultural seed, and, latterly
+on a large scale, of bulbs of different kinds, in which he seems
+likely to compete with the Dutch trade.</p>
+<p>The church, which is dedicated to St. Helen, is a fine
+structure of oolite stone, probably one of the largest in the
+neighbourhood, except the collegiate church of Tattershall.&nbsp;
+It consists of tower, nave, north and south aisles, south porch
+and chancel.&nbsp; The body of the church was restored in 1873,
+and re-opened on June 13th of that year, at a cost of more than
+&pound;2,000, by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; the
+then rector, the Rev. W. Sharpe restoring the chancel, and the
+parishioners and other friends the tower.&nbsp; The latter
+consists of three tiers, having a small square window in the
+south <!-- page 193--><a name="page193"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 193</span>and north walls below, with a
+two-light floriated window on the west.&nbsp; In the tier above
+are two-light windows on all four faces.&nbsp; At the summit it
+has battlements and four tall pinnacles.&nbsp; There are three
+bells, the date of the largest being 1627.&nbsp; The body of the
+church is also battlemented, and has pinnacles, the westernmost
+of these having the figures, within a niche, of St. George and
+the dragon.</p>
+<p>The south porch has an early English doorway within, the outer
+one being modern.&nbsp; In the moulding above the inner doorway
+is a curiously crowned head, probably representing the Empress
+Helena, the patron saint; other curious devices running down the
+moulding on each side.&nbsp; To the right of the inner doorway
+are initials M.S., date 1681.&nbsp; The font has a large
+octagonal bowl, with heads at the angles, and elaborate trefoil
+devices on the faces; the shaft is plain, octagonal, the pediment
+a stone cross.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p193b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Helen&rsquo;s Church, Mareham-Le-Fen"
+title=
+"St. Helen&rsquo;s Church, Mareham-Le-Fen"
+src="images/p193s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Both aisles have four lofty bays, with early English
+columns.&nbsp; In the north aisle is one three-light
+perpendicular trefoiled window, in its western wall; in the north
+wall, on each side of the north door, is a three-light
+perpendicular window, with mullions interlacing; and to the east
+a four-light round-headed trefoiled window.&nbsp; Over the north
+door is a tablet, with a Latin inscription, commemorative of the
+Rev. H. Sheppard, a former rector, who died 24th Jan., 1764, aged
+62.&nbsp; Beneath it is a cherub with outspread wings.&nbsp; In
+the wall, east of the north door, is a tablet bearing the
+inscription: &ldquo;This church was relighted in memory of
+Francis Thorpe, who lost his life, by an accident, while working
+in the church near this spot, 22nd Sept., 1892.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+south aisle, at the west end, has a three-light broad interlaced
+window.&nbsp; In the south wall, west of the porch, is a low
+doorway, now filled in, with step at its base, probably formerly
+leading to a parvis, or priest&rsquo;s chamber.&nbsp; East of the
+<!-- page 194--><a name="page194"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+194</span>porch are two round-headed three-light trefoiled
+perpendicular windows.&nbsp; In the chancel the east window, of
+coloured glass, is lofty, with three lights, and six trefoils
+above.&nbsp; The subjects are divided into upper and lower rows;
+the upper are the Ascension in the centre, with the Resurrection
+to the left, and to the right the disciples grouped round the
+virgin; the lower are the Crucifixion in the centre, Christ
+bearing His cross to the left, and the entombment to the
+right.&nbsp; This window was by Lavers, Barrand and Westlake; it
+was given in memory of the late Mr. Joseph Corbett, by his son,
+C. J. Corbett, Architect, of Imber Court, Surrey.</p>
+<p>The reredos has three compartments; the central device is a
+cross, with rays of glory, and the monogram I.H.S.; on the right
+and left are doubly pointed, crocheted, arches; the device in the
+northernmost being a crown of thorns, with the three nails,
+surrounded by a circle; next to it three interlaced circles; on
+the south side interlaced triangles, and a plain cross.&nbsp; The
+east wall, up to the height of the reredos, is faced with
+alabaster.</p>
+<p>In the south wall of the chancel is a wide stone seat, and
+above it a two-light trefoiled window.&nbsp; In the north chancel
+wall is a trefoiled credence table.&nbsp; There is a tablet to
+the memory of William Goodenough, formerly rector, Archdeacon of
+Carlisle (the benefice formerly being in the patronage of the
+Bishops of Carlisle), who died 13th Dec., 1854; and commemorating
+his wife Mary Anne, daughter of Dr. Samuel Goodenough, Bishop of
+Carlisle; she dying 3rd Jan., 1847, aged 75.&nbsp; The memorial
+was erected by their only surviving child, Mrs. Hawkins.</p>
+<p>The choir sittings are of carved modern oak; the pulpit is
+also of the same, on a stone base, and the lectern.&nbsp; The
+chancel arch is lofty, the modern side columns having richly
+carved capitals.&nbsp; Some of the stones of the original arch
+were found built into the chimney of a cottage near at
+hand.&nbsp; The sittings in the nave, and the roof timbers, are
+of pitch pine.&nbsp; The base of the tower forms a roomy
+vestry.</p>
+<p>In the churchyard is the lower part of the shaft of a cross,
+standing on an octagonal base.&nbsp; Opposite the east end of the
+south aisle is a tombstone in memory of James Roberts, &ldquo;who
+sailed round the world in company with Sir Joseph Banks, in the
+years 1768&ndash;71, on board H.M.S. the Endeavour, Lieut. James
+Cook, Commander,&rdquo; attending him &ldquo;also on other
+voyages.&rdquo; <a name="citation194a"></a><a
+href="#footnote194a" class="citation">[194a]</a>&nbsp; The tomb
+of Archdeacon Goodenough is on the north-east side of the
+church.&nbsp; Within a few feet of the south buttress of the
+tower is a fragment of an old tombstone, shewing part of a
+foliated cross on both sides, and the monogram I.H.S., in old
+characters, probably Saxon; Mareham being one of the 222 parishes
+in the county which had a church in Saxon times <a
+name="citation194b"></a><a href="#footnote194b"
+class="citation">[194b]</a></p>
+<p>Gervase Holles (temp. Chas. I.) gives the following arms and
+inscriptions, as existing in the church in his time.&nbsp; In the
+east window:</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Empaled</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Arg&rsquo; a crosse sa.</p>
+<p>Arg. on a crosse G. a bezant.</p>
+<p>Arg, a crosse sa.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Empaled</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Quarterly arg. and G., on the 1st and 4th quarters a
+popinjay vert. membred and beked G.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>In the western window on the left of the tower:</p>
+<blockquote><p>Orate pro a&rsquo;ia Joh&rsquo;is Tott, Agnet, et
+Helene, uxorum ejus, &amp; specialiter pro Andrea Tott, Artium
+Baccalaureo, qui istam fenestram lapidari, necnon vitreari
+fecit.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><!-- page 195--><a name="page195"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+195</span>Over the buttress, on the east side:</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>Quarterly Ufford and Beke . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p style="text-align: right">Willoughby</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 crosses portate . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 chevrons between 3 roses .
+. .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A crosse . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A lyon passant . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><blockquote><p>&ldquo;Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur,
+1591.&rdquo; <a name="citation195a"></a><a href="#footnote195a"
+class="citation">[195a]</a></p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>The register dates from 1558.&nbsp; An entry records that on
+22nd Nov., 1685, a &ldquo;Briefe was read and published, for
+Saresden in Oxfordshire, for loss valued at &pound;1,449.&nbsp;
+Granted June 14th, 1686.&rdquo;&nbsp; Another entry, under date
+23rd Nov., 1685, is as follows: &ldquo;Thomas Eresby of Revvesby
+maketh oath yt Theodosie, his daughter, who was buried in the
+churchyard upon Sunday last, was wound and wrapped up in woollen
+only, according to the late Act of Parliament, in yt case
+made.&rdquo;&nbsp; In explanation of this it may be stated that
+in 1677 British and Irish woollens were prohibited in France,
+which injured the woollen trade very much; and in the next year
+(1678) in order to encourage the trade at home, it was enacted by
+29 Charles II., c. 3, that all persons, except those who died of
+the plague, should be buried in wool, under a penalty of
+&pound;5. <a name="citation195b"></a><a href="#footnote195b"
+class="citation">[195b]</a>&nbsp; Another entry states that a
+collection was made, the amount not known, to afford relief,
+after the great fire in London, Sept., 1666.</p>
+<p>The rectory, adjoining the church, stands in a large, well
+wooded garden.&nbsp; It is a good substantial residence, rebuilt
+by Archdeacon Goodenough in 1818&ndash;19, and much improved in
+1855.&nbsp; In the entrance hall are two old prints of the church
+and rectory before their restoration, dated 1785.&nbsp; They were
+presented to the late rector, Rev. W. Sharpe, by Alfred Cobbett,
+Esq., and they are preserved as heirlooms by the rectors for the
+time being.&nbsp; The Rev. F. J. Williamson is the present
+rector, late of Lydgate.&nbsp; The Bishop of Manchester is patron
+of the benefice; the patronage of this, and several other
+benefices in this neighbourhood, formerly held by the Bishops of
+Carlisle, being transferred to the See of Manchester some years
+after its creation, in 1848.</p>
+<p>The national school, built in 1840, is endowed with nearly an
+acre of land, given by Archdeacon Goodenough; it was considerably
+enlarged by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1877.&nbsp; Some of the
+inhabitants are entitled to the benefits of the almshouses at
+Revesby.&nbsp; There is a navigable drain from the Witham,
+passing near the village, affording communication with New
+Bolingbroke and Boston.&nbsp; A former part of the parish is now
+included in the district of Wildmoor Fen.</p>
+<p>In Liber Regis this parish is named &ldquo;Marrow, alias
+Marym, alias Mareham in le Fen.&rdquo;&nbsp; It is called in
+<i>Domesday Book</i> Meringe (or the sea-ing, <i>i.e.</i>
+sea-meadow).&nbsp; Another form was Marum; the Revesby Charters,
+Nos. 47 and 48, mention a piece of land, near the boundary of
+Marum, called &ldquo;Mare Furlong,&rdquo; and the grass (Psamma
+arenaria) which now grows on the sea banks is commonly called
+Marrum grass.&nbsp; All these names probably refer to the marish
+(Latin, mariscum), or marsh, character of the locality, caused by
+its proximity to the sea (le mer), which then came much nearer
+than it does now, and frequently flooded the land.</p>
+<p>The manor was given by the Conqueror to the powerful Norman,
+Robert Despenser, who, as his name implies, was the King&rsquo;s
+High Steward.&nbsp; He was the ancestor of the Despensers, Earls
+of Gloucester, and he held 15 manors in <!-- page 196--><a
+name="page196"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+196</span>Lincolnshire alone, besides 17 in Leicestershire, and
+several in other counties.&nbsp; Much of the land of this parish
+was at a later period given to Revesby Abbey, and at the
+dissolution of the monasteries some of this was granted by Henry
+VIII, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. <a
+name="citation196a"></a><a href="#footnote196a"
+class="citation">[196a]</a>&nbsp; In later times it became, by
+purchase, the property of Mr. Joseph Banks, M.P. for Grimsby,
+born in 1681, and eventually came to his distinguished
+descendant, Sir Joseph Banks; and on his death some of the
+Mareham land passed to the ancestors of the present Sir Henry M.
+Hawley.&nbsp; Other proprietors are now Major Gape, Messrs. J. R.
+Chapman, Joseph Lake, and other smaller owners.</p>
+<p>Among the Lincolnshire gentry called upon (with the
+Massingberds, Heneages, and many others) to furnish
+&ldquo;launces and light horse,&rdquo; in the 16th century, when
+the Spanish armada was expected, was one &ldquo;John May of
+Mairing,&rdquo; who failed to present himself at the muster in
+1584, but in 1586 supplied &ldquo;one light horse.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation196b"></a><a href="#footnote196b"
+class="citation">[196b]</a></p>
+<p>In Notes on Low Toynton mention is made of the old family of
+Newcomen, originally &ldquo;of Salaby,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i>
+Saltfleetby, where many generations of them were buried, from the
+time of Richard I.&nbsp; They married into influential and titled
+families, in various parts of the county.&nbsp; Charles Newcomen
+lived at Hagnaby in 1634, and bought land in Revesby.&nbsp; A
+Newcomen lived in Mareham in the 17th century.&nbsp; They were
+connected, by marriage, with the family of Sir Joseph Banks, as
+Mr. Banks, grandfather of Sir Joseph, had a house in Lincoln, the
+adjoining one being occupied by Newcomen Wallis, Esq., and Mr.
+Banks married Catherine the widow of Mr. Wallis (see the Banks
+monument in Revesby church, north aisle), whose mother was
+daughter and co-heir of Nicholas Newcomen, Esq. <a
+name="citation196c"></a><a href="#footnote196c"
+class="citation">[196c]</a></p>
+<p>We here give a few old records in connection with this parish
+in the past.&nbsp; The Court Roll of Mareham-le-Fen (preserved
+among the documents of the Listers of Burwell) for 2 Elizabeth,
+shows that, at that date (A.D. 1559), Thomas Glenham, Esq.
+(variously written Glemham), had the Manor of Mareham.&nbsp; In
+the 23rd Elizabeth it is recorded that Charles Glenham, Esq., by
+his lawful attorney, Francis Colby, of Glenham Parva, Esq.,
+granted leases for seven years to divers tenants in
+Mareham.&nbsp; Thomas owned also the Manors of Calceby,
+Belchford, Oxcomb, and Burwell; these he sold to Sir Matthew
+Lister, afterwards of Burwell.&nbsp; He married Amye, daughter of
+Sir Henry Parker. <a name="citation196d"></a><a
+href="#footnote196d" class="citation">[196d]</a></p>
+<p>In a suit, instituted 29th May, 1239, between William de
+Bavent, plaintiff, and Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, defendant,
+regarding the advowson of the church of &ldquo;Merum,&rdquo; the
+said William &ldquo;quit claimed&rdquo; all his right to the said
+advowson, to the bishop and his heirs for ever; and in return for
+this the bishop gave him 10 marks.&nbsp; In the old record, Testa
+de Nevill, folio 556 (circa 1326), Walter de Bavent held certain
+lands in Marum, &ldquo;by service of falconry,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i>
+by providing yearly, in lieu of rent, one &ldquo;gay
+goss-hawk,&rdquo; or more, for the use of the Lord of the Manor.
+<a name="citation196e"></a><a href="#footnote196e"
+class="citation">[196e]</a></p>
+<p>Robert de Weston, Rector of Marum, by his will, dated 3rd
+March, 1389, requested that he might be buried in Marum
+Church.&nbsp; He bequeathed to the Mendicant Friars of Boston 6s.
+8d. &ldquo;to remember me in their masses,&rdquo; to <!-- page
+197--><a name="page197"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+197</span>Lady Margaret Hawteyn, Nun of Ormsby, 10s.; to Trinity
+College, Cambridge, a book called &ldquo;Johannes in
+Collectario,&rdquo; to every fellow there 2s., and every scholar
+1s.&nbsp; Among other bequests are to Mgr. Eudo la Zouch
+&ldquo;12 cocliaria nova de argento&rdquo; (<i>i.e.</i> 12 new
+spoons of silver); to &ldquo;John Geune my clerk a missal of the
+new use of sarum&rdquo;, and &ldquo;masses for souls of Walter
+ffelsted, William Stel, and James de Medringham.&nbsp; Executors,
+Eudo la Zouch, John ffoston my chaplin, &amp;c., the residue of
+my goods to be sold, as quickly as possible, communi pretio, so
+that the purchasers may be bound to pray for my soul.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>William Leych, parson of Mareham, by will dated 11th Aug,
+1556, requests that he may be buried &ldquo;in the quire of St.
+Helen.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;To my brother Robert Leych 12 silver
+spoons, to Sir John Richardson 6 great books, containing the
+holle course of the bybyll, and a repetorii, and a
+concordance&rdquo;; to Sir John Morland &ldquo;Opera Chrisostomi
+&amp; Sancti Thomas, &amp; Haymo super epistolas sauli&rdquo;; to
+Mr. Lancelot Sawkeld &ldquo;Deane of Carlyle 20s., praying him to
+cause a dirige and masses to be said for me . . . I make Mr.
+Arthur Dymok and Mr. Robert Dymok supervisors.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p197b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen"
+title=
+"Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen"
+src="images/p197s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Henry Ayscough, of Blyborough, by will dated 19 Oct., 1611,
+left lands in Mareham-le-Fen, and the Manor of Tumby, and other
+lands, to his grandsons.&nbsp; <!-- page 198--><a
+name="page198"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 198</span>In
+connection with this we may mention that the late Sir Henry James
+Hawley married, as his first wife, Elizabeth Askew, a descendant
+of the same family.&nbsp; The Ayscoughs (or Askews) were a
+distinguished Lincolnshire and Yorkshire family, and have still
+numerous representatives. <a name="citation198a"></a><a
+href="#footnote198a" class="citation">[198a]</a></p>
+<p>Here is another record of the same family.&nbsp; By will,
+dated 15th April, 1612, Walter Ayscoughe, of Mareham-le-Fen, left
+to his wife Bridget &pound;20 annuity, and other property, for
+her life; then to his sons Henry and Walter, and two daughters
+Margaret and Elizabeth; also 12d. to the same; and 5s. to
+Nicholas Cressey, gent, supervisor, witness Clynton Ayscoughe;
+proved at Horncastle, 2nd May, 1613.&nbsp; To this family
+belonged Anne Askew the martyr, who was the younger daughter of
+Sir William Ayscough, Bart., of Stallingborough.&nbsp; Their
+property eventually came to the late Ascoghe Boucherett, of South
+Willingham.</p>
+<p>Next we find one of the old family of Newcomen, already
+referred to, &ldquo;Edward Newcomen of Mareham-le-Fenne, by will,
+proved at Horncastle, 1st July, 1614,&rdquo; leaving to his
+daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, &pound;10 each, the same to his
+son Robert, and the residue to his wife; the personality being
+&pound;120 3s. 8d., a vastly larger sum in those days than
+now.</p>
+<p>Another will is that of Annie Elie, widow, of Mareham-le-Fen,
+dated 13th July, 1616, in which she desires &ldquo;to be buried
+in the church,&rdquo; so that she was probably some one of
+importance.&nbsp; She leaves everything to her son-in-law John
+Wymberley, and her daughter Susan Wymberley. <a
+name="citation198b"></a><a href="#footnote198b"
+class="citation">[198b]</a></p>
+<p>Among the deeds and charters of Revesby Abbey, privately
+printed by the Right Hon. E. Stanhope a few years ago, No. 24
+gives, among the witnesses to a deed of gift, the name of Eda,
+wife of Richard, Priest of Mareham (temp. Henry II., or Richard
+I).&nbsp; Hence it is evident that celibacy was not strictly
+enforced on the clergy at that period. <a
+name="citation198c"></a><a href="#footnote198c"
+class="citation">[198c]</a>&nbsp; Among the witnesses to other
+deeds are Robert, Priest of Marum, and Richard, Priest of Marum,
+A.D. 1172.&nbsp; The deed of gift of certain lands to Revesby
+Abbey (No. 29), by a certain John, is stamped with a round seal,
+having an equestrian figure, and the legend Sigillum Johannis de
+Maringe.&nbsp; By another deed William, son of John of Maring,
+gives certain lands; the seal bearing a lion and dog, or fox
+&ldquo;contourn&eacute; regardant,&rdquo; <a
+name="citation198d"></a><a href="#footnote198d"
+class="citation">[198d]</a> the legend of this is Sigill. Will.
+de Marige.</p>
+<p>With these records and associations with the past, the parish
+of Mareham may surely be said to have a history on which its
+people may well look back with interest and satisfaction.</p>
+<h3>MOORBY.</h3>
+<p>Moorby lies about 4&frac12; miles from Horncastle, and about
+1&frac12; miles beyond Scrivelsby, in a south-easterly
+direction.&nbsp; Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive at 9.30.</p>
+<p><!-- page 199--><a name="page199"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+199</span>The registers date from 1561, but contain no entries of
+any particular interest.&nbsp; The church, dedicated to All
+Saints, has undergone several transformations.&nbsp; This was one
+of the 222 parishes which possessed a church before the Norman
+conquest, and it still contains a fragment (to be noticed later
+on) which is apparently of Saxon origin.&nbsp; Both Weir in his
+History (1828), and Saunders (1834) agree in stating that in the
+early part of the 19th century the church was &ldquo;totally
+destitute of interest.&rdquo;&nbsp; <i>The Gazetteer</i> of 1863
+describes it vaguely as a &ldquo;Gothic structure.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+It was rebuilt in 1864, from designs by Mr. James Fowler,
+Architect, of Louth, at a cost of &pound;1,100, defrayed by J.
+Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; and was further repaired
+in 1891, by public subscription.&nbsp; It consists of nave,
+chancel, vestry, north porch, and small square tower at the
+north-west angle, with low spire containing one bell.&nbsp; It is
+built chiefly of brick with facings of Ancaster stone.</p>
+<p>In the north wall of the nave are a couple of two-light
+windows, in the Perpendicular style; in the south wall are three
+two-light windows; all these having bands of red and black brick
+alternately.&nbsp; In the west wall are two single-light lancet
+windows, with an ox-eye window above.&nbsp; In the chancel there
+is a small lancet window in the north wall, and a square
+aumbrey.&nbsp; The east end has a three-light plain lancet
+window; beneath which is a stone reredos, having three
+compartments filled with encaustic tiles, having, as their
+designs, in the centre a cross in gilt, and Alpha and Omega,
+within ox-eyes, on either side.&nbsp; In the south wall in front
+of the vestry is a lancet-shaped doorway, and, west of it, an
+arcade of two lancet apertures, supported by four columns of
+serpentine.&nbsp; Within the vestry is a two-light lancet window;
+and let into the eastern wall is a small slab, having four
+grotesque figures, one blowing a kind of bagpipe, the others
+dancing.&nbsp; This is said to have been a portion of a
+&ldquo;minstrel pillar,&rdquo; it is apparently Saxon, and is
+probably a relic from the original fabric.&nbsp; The chancel arch
+is of red and black bricks, in alternate bands, the capitals
+nicely carved in stone, supported by small serpentine
+columns.&nbsp; The pulpit is of Caen stone, having a cross within
+a circle on the front panel, and one serpentine column.&nbsp; The
+chancel choir stalls are of good modern oak; the sittings in the
+nave and the roof being of pitch pine.</p>
+<p>The font is the most remarkable feature of the church.&nbsp;
+It has a large square bowl; the device on the east side is a
+skeleton being drawn from the tomb by two angels, doubtless
+emblematic of the &ldquo;death unto sin and new birth unto
+righteousness,&rdquo; accomplished in baptism.&nbsp; On the north
+face is the virgin and child, with the sun and moon in the
+corners above.&nbsp; On the south side is a figure in long
+vestment, apparently sitting on an altar, much defaced.&nbsp; On
+the west are six figures, much defaced, in the attitude of
+prayer.&nbsp; At the four angles are quatrefoiled niches, having
+at their bases, alternately, a crowned head and a mitre.&nbsp;
+This may have been of the 14th century.&nbsp; The shaft is square
+and modern, with columns at the angles.</p>
+<p>The communion plate is modern, except the paten, which bears
+the inscription &ldquo;Matthew Sympson, M.A., instituted Rector
+of Moorby, Feb. 28, 1705, collated Prebendary of Lincoln, June
+25, 1718, Rector of Wenington, May 29, 1728.&rdquo;&nbsp; The
+present Rector is the Rev. R. C. Oake, late Vicar of Broughton,
+Manchester.&nbsp; The rectory of Moorby is consolidated with the
+vicarage of Wood Enderby.</p>
+<p>By deed dated Nov. 24th, 1855, the guardians of the poor, by
+consent of the ratepayers, gave certain land in Moorby for the
+site of a parish school to the minister, churchwardens, and
+overseers, and their successors; and more <!-- page 200--><a
+name="page200"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 200</span>recently a
+school district has been formed for the parishes of Moorby, Wood
+Enderby, Claxby, and Wilksby; the school, which was built in
+1855, being enlarged in 1872, to provide the accommodation
+required by this union.</p>
+<p>Moorby was one of the &ldquo;thousand four hundred and
+forty-two manors&rdquo; which William the Conqueror took as his
+own portion, when he divided the lands of England among his
+Norman followers.&nbsp; Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it was
+doubtless granted, along with that manor, and those of West
+Ashby, High Toynton, and several others, to Adelias or Alice de
+Cundi, daughter of William de Cheney, Lord of Caenby ann
+Glentham, and wife of Roger de Cundi.&nbsp; As she took part
+against King Stephen, in favour of the Empress Maud, he took the
+property from her; but eventually restored it to her, on
+condition that she should demolish her castle at Horncastle; this
+however was only for life, the estates again reverting to the
+crown.&nbsp; Henry II. made a grant of them to Gerbald le Escald,
+a Fleming noble, who was succeeded by his grandson and heir,
+Gerard de Rhodes.&nbsp; His son, Ralph de Rhodes, in the reign of
+Henry III., sold the manors to Walter Mauclerke, Bishop of
+Carlisle, and until recently the patronage of Moorby benefice
+belonged to the Bishops of Carlisle.&nbsp; After the creation of
+the See of Manchester, the patronage, with that of High Toynton,
+Mareham-le-Fen, &amp;c., was transferred to the Bishops of
+Manchester.</p>
+<p><i>Domesday Book</i>, describing the soke of the Manor of
+Horncastle, says &ldquo;In Morebi there are 3 carucates of land
+(or about 360 acres).&nbsp; There are 6 soc-men, and 10 bordars,
+who have 4 carucates (or 480 acres).&nbsp; There is a church and
+a priest (evidently a resident; of whom, according to Sir Henry
+Ellis, there were only 130 in the country), and 240 acres of
+meadow and 6 acres of underwood.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the old record,
+Testa de Nevill (circa 1326&ndash;1328), the benefice of
+&ldquo;Morby&rdquo; is said to be &ldquo;of the gift of the lord
+the king,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i> Edward II. or III.&nbsp; The
+original charters of Henry III., granting these manors to the
+Bishops of Carlisle, were confirmed by Henry VI.; but in course
+of time they passed to the Brandons, and to various other
+proprietors, until the ancestor of Sir Joseph Banks became lessee
+of the Manor of Horncastle, and also acquired the Manor of
+Moorby; to which James Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late Right
+Hon. Edward Stanhope succeeded; although T. Elsey, the Artindale
+family, and the trustees of Bardney school, own portions of the
+parish.</p>
+<p>In the year 1554 (Aug. 6th) Thomas Bewley, Clerk, was admitted
+to this benefice by Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, it being
+&ldquo;vacant by deprivation.&rdquo;&nbsp; This was the 2nd year
+of the reign of Queen Mary, of ill memory.&nbsp; Doubtless the
+offence of the ejected predecessor was that he was married, which
+was contrary to the papistic ideas, revived in that brief
+reign.&nbsp; Numbers of beneficed clergy were deprived at that
+time for this offence.</p>
+<p>A few old records of some interest are preserved connected
+with Moorby, of which we give two or three samples here.&nbsp;
+First we have a family of the name of Moreby, of whom more than
+one mention is made.&nbsp; Roger Moreby, by will dated Saturday
+after the Feast of St. Botolph, 1394, commends his soul to St.
+Mary and all the saints; he requests that his body may be buried
+in Croyland parish church; he leaves 40s. to be given to the poor
+on the day of his burial, and money to provide torches and wax
+for the church, and the altars of St. Katharine, St. John the
+Baptist, and Holy Trinity; he bequeaths &pound;10 of silver to
+his wife, and other items.&nbsp; Again, by will dated the Feast
+of St. Thomas the apostle, 1368, Gervase de Wylleford bequeaths
+100s. to John Moreby his cousin.</p>
+<p><!-- page 201--><a name="page201"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+201</span>The family of Ayscough, formerly so widely represented
+in the county, were connected with Moorby.&nbsp; By will, dated
+16th Nov., 1601, Henry Ascoughe, Gent., desires to be buried in
+the parish church of &ldquo;Morebie,&rdquo; leaving to his sister
+&ldquo;Elizabeth Aiscoughe (his) hereditaments in Morebie for
+life, then to go to his brother Matthew.&rdquo;&nbsp; His sister
+is also to have lands which he had leased to Sir Henry Glenham,
+Knight. <a name="citation201a"></a><a href="#footnote201a"
+class="citation">[201a]</a>&nbsp; He further leaves to her, as
+executrix, &ldquo;&pound;10 to be good and to my poor sister
+Margarette.&rdquo;&nbsp; To his brother Simon he bequeaths
+&ldquo;the best apparrell of my bodie, with riding furniture, and
+my baie gelding, rapier, dagger, and pistol,&rdquo; and further
+bequests.&nbsp; The testator was son of Christopher Ayscough, of
+Bliborough, and married, apparently without issue, Margaret,
+daughter of Symon Battell, of Denham, Suffolk.</p>
+<p>Like the not very distant Wildmore Fen, in which it now has a
+modern allotment of 14 acres of glebe land.&nbsp; The name of
+Moorby tells of its condition at the time when it acquired that
+designation, which means the &ldquo;by,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i>
+&ldquo;byre,&rdquo; or farmstead on the moor. <a
+name="citation201b"></a><a href="#footnote201b"
+class="citation">[201b]</a>&nbsp; The moorland has now entirely
+disappeared under the plough, and only young plantations
+represent its former wild, woodland character.</p>
+<h3>WOOD ENDERBY.</h3>
+<p>Wood Enderby lies about four miles south by east from
+Horncastle.&nbsp; Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive at 10.30
+a.m.</p>
+<p>The church, dedicated to St. Benedict, consists of nave, north
+aisle, and chancel, a low tower, with graceful broach spire,
+containing one bell, and small vestry.&nbsp; It is built of a
+warm-tinted green sandstone, with free stone dressings; the style
+of its architecture is a combination of the early English and
+Decorated periods.&nbsp; It was almost entirely rebuilt in 1860,
+at a cost of about &pound;1,000.&nbsp; The south door, which is
+in the tower, has an Early English arch of five mouldings.&nbsp;
+There is a plain trefoiled window above in the tower; the lower
+part of the spire having two lancet windows, with a circle above
+them, and a small single-light window on each side, half way
+up.&nbsp; In the west wall of the tower is a three-light window,
+with two trefoils and a quatrefoil above.&nbsp; This is filled
+with coloured glass, having the texts &ldquo;I am the way, the
+truth, and the life,&rdquo; &ldquo;Where two or three are
+gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of
+them,&rdquo; and &ldquo;No man cometh unto the Father but by
+Me.&rdquo;&nbsp; There are similar windows, but without coloured
+glass, in all four faces of the tower.&nbsp; At the north-west
+angle of the tower is a staircase turret.&nbsp; Within the south
+door, against the west wall, is an old stone coffin, with broken
+lid, ornamented with an incised floriated cross; this was
+discovered at the time of the restoration.</p>
+<p>The arcade of the north aisle is of three bays, being part of
+the old church, in Early English style, with plain arches,
+supported on one octagonal pier and one shafted pier, with
+dog-tooth ornament, the former having foliage on the
+capital.&nbsp; In the north wall of the nave are three
+square-headed windows of three lights, with trefoils above, the
+glass being plain, except a border of red, purple, and
+yellow.&nbsp; In the south wall are three two-light windows, with
+trefoil and circle above; the glass being modern, with various
+coloured scripture texts.</p>
+<p><!-- page 202--><a name="page202"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+202</span>The sittings are of deal, with plain poppy-heads.&nbsp;
+The pulpit is of modern oak, of five panels, each panel being
+divided into two trefoiled arched partitions; the central panel
+having a trefoil above, and below it a square piece of carved old
+oak, representing Elijah blessing the cruse of oil for the widow
+of Zarephath.&nbsp; The vestry, at the east end of the north
+aisle, has one small trefoiled window.&nbsp; The tower and the
+spire were added at the restoration.&nbsp; The chancel has a
+decorated east window of three lights, with three quatrefoils
+above.&nbsp; It is filled with modern coloured glass, the
+subjects being, in the centre the Saviour risen from the tomb, on
+the left an angel seated at the tomb, and on the right the
+Magdalen.&nbsp; There is an inscription, &ldquo;Jesus saith unto
+her, Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father; but go
+to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father and
+your Father, and to my God and your God.&nbsp; John xx,
+17.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The north and south chancel walls have each one two-light
+trefoiled window, with quatrefoil above; plain glass, except the
+coloured band.&nbsp; In the south wall is a curious square
+projecting Norman piscina, with fluted basin, and fluted
+sides.&nbsp; In the north wall is an arched sepulchral
+recess.&nbsp; The chancel arch is plain Early English.&nbsp; The
+roof, like the sittings, is of pitch pine.&nbsp; The font has a
+plain octagonal large bowl of Barnack stone, its upper rim being
+modern, the shaft plain quadrilateral, with plain square columns
+at the angles; base and pediment octagonal.</p>
+<p>The register dates from 1561.&nbsp; It begins with the note
+&ldquo;The Register booke of Woodenderbye, containing herein ye
+names of all such as have been married, burried, and christened,
+from Michaelmas 1561, to Michaelmas 1562.&rdquo;&nbsp; The first
+five or six entries are illegible, and the others contain nothing
+of special interest.&nbsp; The benefice, a vicarage, is
+consolidated with the rectory of Moorby, and is now held by the
+Rev. R. C. Oake.</p>
+<p>As the name of Moorby indicated the character of the locality
+in former times, when that name was first acquired, so Wood
+Enderby means the &ldquo;bye,&rdquo; <i>i.e.</i>
+&ldquo;byre,&rdquo; or farmstead &ldquo;at the end of the
+wood,&rdquo; as it borders on what was once the forest tract of
+&ldquo;Tumby Chase&rdquo;; Haltham wood, near at hand, being a
+relic of that former wild region. <a name="citation202"></a><a
+href="#footnote202" class="citation">[202]</a></p>
+<p>W. H. Trafford, Esq., is Lord of the Manor.&nbsp; The Hon. Mr.
+Stanhope owns a large part of the land; and portions belong to
+the Rev. G. Ward, and other smaller owners.&nbsp; The late Miss
+Trafford Southwell founded an infant school in the village; the
+older children attending the Moorby school.&nbsp; The poor
+parishioners receive 6d. each at Christmas, left by an unknown
+donor, out of the farm now owned by Rev. G. Ward, of Mavis
+Enderby.</p>
+<p>The ancient history of Wood Enderby is much the same as that
+of Moorby.&nbsp; It was one of the minor demesnes, within the
+Soke of Horncastle, and attached to that manor; as were also West
+Ashby, High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill, and other
+parishes.&nbsp; It would thus also be among the estates of
+Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and when his main line became
+extinct, and the property was divided among collateral branches,
+Wood Enderby, with Wilksby and Revesby, fell to the share of Mr.
+John Carsey, or Kersey; his wife, the daughter of Sir Thomas
+Lovell, Knight, being grand-daughter of Margaret, sister and
+co-heir of the Duke of Suffolk.&nbsp; He owned the property <!--
+page 203--><a name="page203"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+203</span>from 1552 to 1575, and he and his son Francis jointly
+sold it to Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer Burleigh.&nbsp; He held
+it from 1575 to 1598, when it passed in succession to the 1st and
+2nd Earls of Exeter, and to Elizabeth, Lady Howard, wife of the
+Earl of Berkshire, in 1640, and so in 1658 to Henry Howard; in
+1663 to his cousin Craven Howard, who built the former residence
+at Revesby; and, after his death, the property was sold by the
+daughters of Henry Howard to the Banks family; whence the manor
+has descended to the present proprietors of Revesby.</p>
+<p>The manor, like that of Moorby and other parishes already
+named, would at one time belong to the Bishops of Carlisle, and
+they were till recently patrons of the benefice; the patronage,
+within late years, being transferred to the Bishops of
+Manchester, after the creation of that See in 1848.</p>
+<p>At an earlier date, being an appendage to the Manor of
+Horncastle, this demesne would be owned at one period by Gerard
+and Ralph de Rhodes; and this is shewn by the following records
+among the Final Concords, date 3rd Feb., 1224&ndash;5, whereby an
+agreement was arrived at between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina his
+wife, on the one part, and Ralph de Rhodes on the other part, as
+to certain lands in Moorby, Enderby, Horncastle, and other
+parishes, that the said Henry and Sabina should recognise the
+said lands as belonging to the said Ralph; he, on his part,
+granting to them other lands there, specially designated, they
+rendering to him &ldquo;therefor by the year, one pair of gilt
+spurs, at Easter, for all service and exaction.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation203a"></a><a href="#footnote203a"
+class="citation">[203a]</a>&nbsp; This agreement was settled
+&ldquo;at the court of the Lord the King at Westminster on the
+morrow of the purification of the blessed Mary, in the 9th year
+of King Henry III. <a name="citation203b"></a><a
+href="#footnote203b" class="citation">[203b]</a></p>
+<p>In the old records, Testa de Nevill (circa 1326&ndash;28), it
+is stated that &ldquo;the churches of Horncastre, Askeby (West
+Ashby), Upper Thinton (High Toynton), of Meringes
+(Mareham-on-the-Hill), and of Hinderby (Wood Enderby), are of the
+gift of the lord; and Osbert, the parson, holds them of King
+Richard.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is stated that at the time of the
+Conqueror, there were &ldquo;400 acres of wood pasturage&rdquo;
+in the parish, a sufficient reason for its designation.&nbsp;
+Like Moorby, it was among the manors seized by the Conqueror, for
+his portion of the plunder taken from our Saxon
+forefathers.&nbsp; In Saxon times the Thane, Siward, had land
+here; which was given by the Conqueror to his steward, Robert
+Despenser, brother of the Earl Montgomery. <a
+name="citation203c"></a><a href="#footnote203c"
+class="citation">[203c]</a></p>
+<h3>CONINGSBY.</h3>
+<p>This is a large village, about 8 miles from Horncastle, in a
+southerly direction.&nbsp; It is bounded on the north by
+Tattershall Thorpe, on the west by Tattershall, on the south by
+Wildmore, and on the east by Tumby and Mareham-le-Fen.&nbsp; Its
+area is 3,442 acres, including the hamlet of Hawthorn Hill;
+rateable value &pound;5,160; population 1,192.&nbsp; Apart from a
+limited number of shops and three inns, the people are engaged
+mainly in agriculture.&nbsp; The soil is mostly a light sand,
+with a subsoil of gravel deposits and clay.&nbsp; The nearest
+railway station is at Tattershall, distant about 1&frac12;
+miles.</p>
+<p><!-- page 204--><a name="page204"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+204</span>The owners of over 50 acres are Lord Willoughby de
+Eresby, M.P., Lord of the Manor; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., J.P.;
+F. Sherwin; J. Rodgers; J. Burcham Rogers, J.P.; Mrs. Evison; the
+rector, Rev. Canon A. Wright, M.A., J.P., Rural Dean and Canon of
+Lincoln.&nbsp; Smaller owners, about 50.&nbsp; The only
+gentleman&rsquo;s seat now existing is the hall, the residence of
+J. B. Rogers, Esq., J.P.</p>
+<p>The old custom of ringing the pancake bell on Shrove Tuesday
+is still kept up.&nbsp; The annual feast is held in the week
+after St. Michael&rsquo;s Day, the patron saint.&nbsp; The
+&ldquo;Ignitegium,&rdquo; or curfew, was rung within the last 35
+years, but has been discontinued, the parish being now lighted by
+gas.</p>
+<p>There are a few field names, indicating the former
+&ldquo;woodland and waste&rdquo; <a name="citation204"></a><a
+href="#footnote204" class="citation">[204]</a> character of the
+locality.&nbsp; The Ings, or meadows, so common throughout the
+district; Oatlands; Scrub Hill, scrub being an old Lincolnshire
+word for a small wood; Reedham, referring to the morass;
+Toothill, probably a &ldquo;look-out&rdquo; over the waste;
+Langworth, probably a corruption of lang-wath, the long ford;
+Troy Wood, may be British, corresponding to the Welsh caertroi, a
+labyrinth or fort of mounds.&nbsp; The hamlets are Dogdyke, a
+corruption of Dock-dyke (the sea having once extended to these
+parts); Hawthorn Hill, Scrub Hill.&nbsp; There is an enclosure
+award in the possession of the clerk of the Parish Council.</p>
+<p>The parish register dates from 1561.&nbsp; The church plate is
+modern, chalice and paten dated 1870; the flagon is older and
+more massive, but has no date.&nbsp; The Earl of Ancaster is
+patron of the benefice, a rectory, with good house, enlarged
+about 30 years ago, and 500 acres of glebe.</p>
+<p>The National School was built by subscription and government
+grant in 1836, at a cost of about &pound;230, exclusive of the
+site, which was given by the late Sir Gilbert Heathcote.&nbsp; It
+was enlarged in 1875 at cost of &pound;300.&nbsp; The master has
+&pound;3 per annum, left by the Rev. R. Kelham in 1719, also the
+dividend of &pound;100 3&frac12; per cent. reduced consols,
+bought by the bequest of the Rev. Mr. Boawre, Rector, in
+1784.</p>
+<p>The charities are Banks, <i>viz.</i> &pound;2 a year from land
+in Haltham, for bread for the poor; Metham&rsquo;s, for poor
+widows, from houses and land in Wisbech, left by Geo. Metham in
+1685; Lawrence&rsquo;s, for coats for poor men, from land in
+Leake, left by Robt. Lawrence in 1721.</p>
+<p>The Horncastle canal traverses the parish, but is now a
+derelict.</p>
+<p>There was formerly a castle in this parish, the residence of a
+family of the name of Coningsby, but no traces of it remain,
+unless it be in an ancient dovecote, placed among some fine trees
+to the east of the village.</p>
+<p>The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a large, and
+originally a fine, church, consisting of nave, with north and
+south aisles, an apsidal modern chancel, and a massive western
+tower.&nbsp; This latter is of Perpendicular date, very plain,
+but of excellent ashlar work; it has a clock and six bells.&nbsp;
+The ground stage has open arches to the north and south, with a
+groined roof above, and a thoroughfare through it.&nbsp; In the
+eastern wall of the south porch is a stoup, which was formerly
+open, both within the porch and outside it.&nbsp; Over the porch
+is a parvis or priest&rsquo;s chamber.&nbsp; Outside the church,
+near the top of the wall of a cupola-shaped finial of the rood
+loft turret is an old sun dial.&nbsp; The interior of the nave
+has a massive heavy roof of beams somewhat rudely cut, with
+traces of former colouring.</p>
+<p>The four western bays of the arcade are Early English, with
+low arches, <!-- page 205--><a name="page205"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 205</span>the easternmost bay seems to have
+been added at a later date, the arch higher and wider.&nbsp; The
+moulding between two of the north arches terminates in a head, on
+each side of which an evil spirit is whispering.&nbsp; Another
+terminal is the head of a woman wearing the &ldquo;branks,&rdquo;
+or &ldquo;scold&rsquo;s bridle.&rdquo;&nbsp; On the south side of
+the chancel arch is a rood loft staircase turret, of which both
+the lower and upper door remain.</p>
+<p>At the restoration in 1872 the clerestory windows were spoilt
+by being reduced in height; externally their original design
+remains.&nbsp; In the centre of the nave are two large sepulchral
+slabs, once bearing brasses, which are now gone, representing two
+civilians and their wives.&nbsp; The apsidal chancel is quite out
+of keeping with the rest of the fabric.&nbsp; There are some
+remains of the old carved oak screen, and south of the communion
+table is an Early English capital, with piscina behind it.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p205b.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"St. Michaels Church, Coningsby"
+title=
+"St. Michaels Church, Coningsby"
+src="images/p205s.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The Notes on Churches, by Gervase Holles, shew that in his
+time (circa 1630) the windows of this church abounded in coloured
+glass, of which not a vestige remains.&nbsp; He gives, among the
+devices, the arms of Marmyon, Dymoke, Hillary, Welles,
+Hattecliffe, Umfraville, Willoughby, Ros, Tateshale, Bernake,
+Crumwell, Huntingfield, Rochfort, Beke, Boucher, Waterton,
+Hebden, Deyncourt, France and England, &amp;c. <a
+name="citation205"></a><a href="#footnote205"
+class="citation">[205]</a></p>
+<p>Among the rectors of this parish have been two poets, one the
+laureate of his day (1718), the Rev. Laurence Eusden, who died
+1730.&nbsp; The other, John Dyer, was born 1700, appointed to the
+benefice in 1752, by Sir John Heathcote, <!-- page 206--><a
+name="page206"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 206</span>was the
+author of <i>Grongar Hill</i>, <i>The Fleece</i>, and <i>The
+Ruins of Rome</i>; he was honoured with a sonnet by
+Wordsworth.</p>
+<p>A congregation of Baptists was formed here under the
+Commonwealth, with an endowment for a minister.&nbsp; The society
+still exists, their present chapel being erected in 1862; they
+have also a day school, built by Mr. John Overy in 1845.&nbsp;
+The Wesleyans have a chapel, built in 1825, and others at
+Hawthorn Hill, Haven Bank, Moorside, and Meer Booth.&nbsp; The
+Primitive Methodists have a chapel, built in 1854, and others at
+Reedham Corner and Scrub Hill.</p>
+<p>Of the early history of this parish we have scattered notices
+in various documents.&nbsp; In <i>Domesday Book</i> we find that
+Sortibrand, son of Ulf the Saxon, who was one of the lagmen of
+Lincoln, held a Berewick in Coningsby.&nbsp; Land here is
+mentioned among the Conqueror&rsquo;s possessions.&nbsp; The
+powerful favourite of the Conqueror, Robert Despenser, laid claim
+to a fishery and lands in Coningsby; and the juryman of the
+wapentake of Horncastle decided that his claim was good, because
+Achi, his Saxon predecessor, had held the same in the time of
+Edward the Confessor.&nbsp; From the same source we find that two
+other powerful Normans held land here, <i>viz.</i> Hugo d&rsquo;
+Abrincis, surnamed &ldquo;Lupus,&rdquo; or &ldquo;The
+Wolf,&rdquo; from his fierce character; and Drogo de Bruere, who
+had the Conqueror&rsquo;s niece to wife.</p>
+<p>As with other parishes in this soke, we find from a Feet of
+Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, that Ralph de Rhodes then held lands
+here.&nbsp; Subsequently the Marmyons, Dymokes, and Taillebois,
+all connected in the blazonry of the former memorial windows (as
+before mentioned), held property in the parish. <a
+name="citation206a"></a><a href="#footnote206a"
+class="citation">[206a]</a>&nbsp; By a Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, taken 31st May, 10 Henry VII., No. 72 (A.D. 1495), it was
+found that Robert Taillebois, Knt., with John Gygour, Warden of
+the college of Tateshale, was seized of the manor; while,
+further, in a Feet of Fines, 19 Henry VII. (1503), John Mordaunt
+is acknowledged by Sir Edward Poynings, Sir Thomas Fynes, and
+others, to be the owner of lands in Coningsby, and elsewhere in
+the soke.&nbsp; He held at least four other manors, and lands in
+many other parishes.&nbsp; Also a Feet of Fines, 21 Henry VII.
+(1505), it was agreed before Humphrey Coningsby, Sergeant at Law,
+Sir Giles Daubeney, and others, that the Bishop of Winchester
+held certain property here.</p>
+<p>The Dymokes were patrons of the benefice; Sir Charles Dymoke
+presenting in 1682, after which the patronage passed to the
+Heathcote family (Liber Regis and Ecton&rsquo;s Thesaurus).&nbsp;
+But an earlier connection with the Dymokes is shewn by a
+tombstone commemorative of &ldquo;Anna, daughter of Thomas
+Dymoke, and his wife Margaret, que obijt . . .&nbsp; Ao Dni
+1462.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In connection with the Humphrey Coningsby, named above, we
+have already mentioned that a castellated residence in this
+parish belonged to a family of that name.&nbsp; This Humphrey was
+Judge of the King&rsquo;s Bench, and bought Hampton Court, co.
+Hereford, of Sir Thomas Cornwall, about 1510; where was preserved
+a painting of the old mansion at Coningsby. <a
+name="citation206b"></a><a href="#footnote206b"
+class="citation">[206b]</a>&nbsp; Thomas Coningsby was knighted
+by Elizabeth in 1591.&nbsp; Sir Fitz-William Coningsby was
+Sheriff of the county, 1627; and for his loyalty to Charles I.
+his estates were confiscated by the Puritans.&nbsp; His son was
+rewarded with a peerage by Charles II.; and saved the life of
+King William at the battle of the Boyne; <!-- page 207--><a
+name="page207"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 207</span>but his two
+sons dying early, and he having no further issue, the title
+became extinct.</p>
+<p>In the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the
+Herald&rsquo;s Visitation in 1634, we find the name of Clinton
+Whichcote, of Coningsby, a member of an old county family, still
+occupying a good position. <a name="citation207a"></a><a
+href="#footnote207a" class="citation">[207a]</a></p>
+<h3>WILKSBY.</h3>
+<p>Wilksby lies about halfway between the parishes of Wood
+Enderby and Moorby, at a distance of about five miles from
+Horncastle, in a south-easterly direction.&nbsp; Letters from
+Boston <i>via</i> Revesby, arrive about 10.30 a.m.</p>
+<p>The ancient history of this parish is much the same as that of
+the adjoining parish of Moorby on the east, and Wood Enderby on
+the west.&nbsp; It is called in <i>Domesday Book</i> Wilchesbi,
+and Wilgesbi.&nbsp; At the date of that survey (1086) there were
+four soc-men and five bordars, who had one carucate (or 120
+acres) of land, and 20 acres of woodland; while the lord of the
+manor had one carucate in demesne, and five villeins, with two
+oxen in another carucate; with 20 acres of meadow and 40 acres of
+underwood; so that, like the neighbouring Moor-by and Wood
+Ender-by, this parish also was largely of a forest character.</p>
+<p>In this parish there was also &ldquo;a Berewick of 1&frac12;
+carucates&rdquo; (or 180 acres); a Berewick meaning an outlying
+farm (from &ldquo;bere&rdquo; barley, and &ldquo;wick&rdquo; a
+village) belonging to another manor.</p>
+<p>The parish was one of the estates taken by the Conqueror for
+himself, probably then forming part of the great Tumby
+Chase.&nbsp; He afterwards granted the manor to his steward,
+Robert Despenser, a powerful Norman noble, the ancestor of the
+Earls of Gloucester, brother of the Earl Montgomery, and of Urso
+de Abetot, hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire.&nbsp; He held 15
+manors in Lincolnshire, and 17 in Leicestershire, beside others
+elsewhere.</p>
+<p>Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it would be connected with
+that manor, as were so many other neighbouring parishes; and
+doubtless by a similar process, to the cases of Moorby and Wood
+Enderby, it belonged successively to the Brandons, Dukes of
+Suffolk; the Cecils, Earls of Exeter; the Howards, Earls of
+Berkshire; and finally, by purchase, passed to the Banks family,
+and through them to the Stanhopes.</p>
+<p>Among the Assize Rolls (No. 319, m. 9 d) is a plea, made at
+Hertford, 10th May, 1247, in which &ldquo;Joan de Leweline (with
+another) offered herself against Silvester, Bishop of
+Karlisle,&rdquo; in a suit concerning &ldquo;&pound;20 of rent in
+Enderby, Moreby, Wilkesby and Cuningby, and the advowson of the
+church Moreby,&rdquo; in which the bishop failed to appear.&nbsp;
+But in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., No. 131, an
+agreement was made (21st July, A.D. 1248) by which the said Joan
+de Lewelyn (and others) did homage to the bishop, for these lands
+in Enderby, &ldquo;Welkeby,&rdquo; &amp;c., and the advowson of
+&ldquo;Moresby,&rdquo; the bishop in turn granting to them
+&ldquo;the homage and whole service of Ivo, son of Odo de
+Tymelby&rdquo;; and they holding the land, &amp;c., &ldquo;in
+chief of the aforesaid bishop; and doing therefor the fourth part
+of the service of one knight.&rdquo; <a
+name="citation207b"></a><a href="#footnote207b"
+class="citation">[207b]</a></p>
+<p>In another document, a Final Concord, dated 27th May, 1240,
+between Alan de Dauderby and Alice de Lysurs, it was agreed that
+Alice should <!-- page 208--><a name="page208"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 208</span>&ldquo;acquit him of the service
+which Robert de Theleby exacts . . . of half a knight&rsquo;s
+fee, for which she is mesne.&rdquo;&nbsp; She further agrees that
+Alan and his heirs shall hold certain tenements of Alice and her
+heirs; to wit, 12 oxgangs and 80 acres of land, two messuages,
+with a rent of 12s. 8d., and two parts of a mill in Theleby,
+Wilkeby, Burton; and a meadow called Utemyng, for the service a
+fourth part of a knight&rsquo;s fee; and for this Alan gave her
+10 marks.</p>
+<p>The former of these records shews that, like the other
+parishes connected with the Manor of Horncastle, the Bishops of
+Carlisle were at one period patrons of the benefice (and probably
+owners of the manor) of Wilkesby; but, while in the case of
+several other parishes, this patronage continues (only
+transferred to the Bishops of Manchester) to the present day, the
+patronage of Wilksby passed to others.&nbsp; According to Liber
+Regis in 1711 and 1720 Lewis Dymoke presented to the
+benefice.&nbsp; In 1764, by some arrangement, George Willows,
+Gent., presented; but again, in 1833, it was in the patronage of
+the Hon. the Champion, H. Dymoke, who appointed to the rectory a
+relative, the Rev. J. Bradshaw Tyrwhitt, one of a very old,
+knightly, Lincolnshire family, the Tyrwhitts of Stainfield,
+Kettleby, &amp;c.&nbsp; A tablet to his memory is erected in the
+church at Scrivelsby. <a name="citation208a"></a><a
+href="#footnote208a" class="citation">[208a]</a>&nbsp; The
+patronage was subsequently acquired by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.,
+and is annexed to the chaplaincy of Revesby, which has no
+permanent endowment.</p>
+<p>Among the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the
+Herald&rsquo;s Visitation in 1634, and preserved at the
+Heralds&rsquo; College, along with the Dymocks of Scrivelsby,
+Haltham, Kyme and Lincoln, is Paganell Hartgrave of Wilksby. <a
+name="citation208b"></a><a href="#footnote208b"
+class="citation">[208b]</a></p>
+<p>The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a mean structure,
+erected in the 18th century, of brick and Spilsby sandstone,
+standing on the site of an earlier church, of which nothing seems
+to remain except the font.&nbsp; It consists of nave and chancel,
+both on a very small scale, and a wooden bell-turret, with one
+small bell.&nbsp; The north and west walls are of sandstone, the
+former covered with a thick coating of tar to keep out the
+moisture; the east wall has alternate layers of brick and
+sandstone.&nbsp; Some improvements have been made in recent
+years, much needed to make it even a decent place of
+worship.&nbsp; The two two-light trefoiled windows in the south
+wall of the nave have been framed in stone instead of wood, and
+filled with green glass.&nbsp; The east window of the chancel has
+wooden mullions interlaced, and it has been adorned with paper
+representations of, in the centre the Ascension, to the left the
+Saviour holding an infant in his arms, to the right the child
+Jesus sitting among the doctors in the temple.</p>
+<p>The roof of the chancel is apsidal, externally, as well as the
+nave, covered with modern house tiles.&nbsp; Internally the nave
+has a flat ceiling of deal boards.&nbsp; The pulpit and seats are
+painted wainscot; there is a small modern oak reading desk, and a
+lectern to match it.&nbsp; The chancel arch is a plain
+semicircle, but on its eastern side has a pointed Early English
+arch.&nbsp; The chancel rails are of modern oak, slightly carved;
+and there is a deal credence table.&nbsp; The 14th century font
+has a massive octagonal bowl, with large trefoils in each face,
+and grotesquely carved heads at the angles; the shaft being plain
+octagonal.&nbsp; The improvements were made in 1896, at the cost
+of the late Mrs. Stanhope.</p>
+<p><!-- page 209--><a name="page209"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+209</span>The register dates from 1562.&nbsp; In recent years the
+incumbency of Claxby Pluckacre, where the church had gone to
+ruins, has been annexed to the rectory of Wilksby, the joint
+value of the two being about &pound;300 a year.&nbsp; They are
+held by the Rev. P. O. Ashby, Chaplain of Revesby.</p>
+<h3>LANGRIVILLE &amp; THORNTON-LE-FEN.</h3>
+<p>These are modern accretions to the Soke of Horncastle, made in
+the early years of the 19th century.&nbsp; They are distant
+southward from Horncastle about 13 miles; situated in a tract of
+land called Wildmore Fen, lying about midway between Coningsby to
+the north, and Boston to the south.&nbsp; At various periods
+inundated by the sea, this continued, to the end of the 18th
+century, more or less a region of morass; available in the summer
+for grazing, but generally during the winter under water; when
+all cattle had to be removed for safety to the lands under
+cultivation at the homesteads of the farmers; and if by chance
+the farmer was behindhand in removing them, and the floods became
+frozen, it was a common thing for his cattle, while slipping
+about on the ice, to be split up, or, as it was locally termed,
+&ldquo;screeved,&rdquo; and so become helpless, and fit only for
+slaughter. <a name="citation209"></a><a href="#footnote209"
+class="citation">[209]</a></p>
+<p>An Act of Parliament was passed in 1787 or 1788, and
+commissioners were appointed, for the drainage of this and
+adjoining similar tracts; but little was done until 1800, when
+the able engineer, Mr. John Rennie, submitted his plans for the
+drainage to the commissioners.&nbsp; His first report, dated
+April 7th, 1800, estimated the cost of draining Wildmore Fen
+alone at &pound;29,702; the total outlay, for that and adjoining
+fens, being put at nearly &pound;215,000.&nbsp; By 1812 these
+operations were completed; and in that year an Act was passed
+making these lands parochial, and assigning the two portions
+above named to the Soke of Horncastle.</p>
+<h3>LANGRIVILLE.</h3>
+<p>Langriville, so called because it is near Langrick (or Long
+Creek) on the Witham, has an area of 2,514 acres, including
+Langrick Ferry; rateable value &pound;3,300.&nbsp; The population
+is entirely engaged in agriculture.&nbsp; The nearest railway
+station is at Langrick, in the parish.</p>
+<p>It consists of the southern portion of Wildmore Fen, which at
+the enclosure was allotted to the Earl of Stamford and
+Warrington, in lieu of his manorial rights over Armtree and
+Wildmore; with other lands sold by the Drainage Commissioners,
+early in the 19th century.&nbsp; The Earl&rsquo;s estates
+afterwards passed, by purchase, to the late J. Fretwell Bramley
+and others.&nbsp; The present Lord of the Manor is Lord Malcolm,
+of Poltallock; and he, the Rector of Coningsby, the executors of
+Lady Ingram Watkin, J. Linton, Esq., of Stirtcoe, Buckden,
+Herts., Harrison Hayter, Esq., W. Goodenough Hayter, Esq., Mr.
+Jonathan Fox, of Boston, E. Harrison, Esq., and Mr. William
+Pepper are the largest land owners.</p>
+<p>A small brick church was erected in 1831, consisting of nave,
+chancel and <!-- page 210--><a name="page210"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 210</span>bell turret; and repaired and
+improved in 1885, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.&nbsp; The
+Bishop of Lincoln is patron; and the Rev. W. Fitz-Harry Curtis is
+the incumbent, who has here a residence, with an income of
+&pound;320 a year.</p>
+<p>The Wesleyans have a chapel at Langrick Ferry, also in Armtree
+Road.&nbsp; By an order in council, dated 26th August, 1881,
+Langriville and Thornton-le-Fen were united, under the title of
+&ldquo;The Consolidated Chapelry of Wildmore.&rdquo;&nbsp; There
+is a church at each place.&nbsp; At the time of the enclosure fen
+allotments were assigned to various of the older parishes, and
+these are many of them now included in this modern district,
+comprising parts of Fishtoft Fen, of Coningsby, of Kirkstead,
+Scrivelsby, Woodhall, Dalderby, and Martin.&nbsp; The entire area
+is now 10,500 acres, and population 1,470.</p>
+<p>The National School, erected in 1857, is at Gipsy Bridge, now
+under a School Board.</p>
+<h3>THORNTON-LE-FEN.</h3>
+<p>Thornton-le-Fen adjoins Langriville, lying to the east of it,
+about three miles from Langrick railway station.&nbsp; The area
+was originally about 1,425 acres, including Bunkers Hill, part of
+Gipsy Bridge, and other scattered farms, which were sold by the
+Drainage Commissioners early in the 19th century, when it was
+made, by Act of Parliament, a parochial township.&nbsp; Rateable
+value &pound;1,979.&nbsp; It has its name from the former chief
+proprietors, the Thornton family; but the chief land owners now
+are Lord Malcolm of Poltalloch, the Pepper, Ireland, Creasey,
+Ward, and Wilcock families.&nbsp; The soil is clay, and very
+fertile.</p>
+<p>The church, which was built on the Fen Chapel Estates in 1816,
+is a small brick building, containing 200 sittings; the benefice,
+valued at &pound;100 a year, is in the gift of the Bishop of
+Lincoln, and by order in council, dated 26th August, 1881, was
+consolidated with the chapelry of Langriville; the two being of
+the united yearly value of &pound;320, and held by the Rev. W.
+Fitz-Harry Curtis, who resides at the latter place.</p>
+<p>A good school and master&rsquo;s house were erected in 1880,
+by the School Board of Wildmore Fen, at a cost of about
+&pound;1,200, to accommodate 168 children.&nbsp; The Wesleyans
+have a chapel at New York and Bunkers&rsquo; Hill.&nbsp; The
+Primitive Methodists have also a chapel.</p>
+<p>The Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to whom the Fen Chapel
+Estates were transferred in 1876, pay &pound;120 a year for a
+curate, who now is the Rev. Harold E. Curtis.&nbsp; The total
+area is now 10,500 acres, and population 1,470.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Note</span>.&mdash;Other parishes have
+once been in the Soke of Horncastle, which no longer belong to
+it.&nbsp; <i>Domesday Book</i> gives Scrivelsby, &ldquo;Langton
+and (its) Thorpe&rdquo; (from which I write; &ldquo;Thorpe&rdquo;
+being doubtless the outlying district recently known as Langton
+St. Andrew), and also Edlington.&nbsp; How these became separated
+is not known.&nbsp; As suggested by the author of
+<i>Scrivelsby</i>, <i>the home of the Champions</i>, Scrivelsby,
+as a barony of the Marmyon and Dymoke families, would probably be
+separated by payment of a fine; such powerful families preferring
+not to be sub-ordinated to another manor.&nbsp; Several Dymokes,
+however, were buried at Horncastle, where are their
+monuments.</p>
+<h2><!-- page 213--><a name="page213"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 213</span>INDEX.</h2>
+<h3>A</h3>
+<p>Abrincis, Hugo de, &ldquo;The Wolf,&rdquo; <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Accident, remarkable, of Dr. J. B. Smith, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page94">94</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Adelias de Cundi, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page200">200</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Albemarle, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Allison, Henry, wealthy, in Hull, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page158">158</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Allenby, Henry, Chemist to H.M.S., <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Allerton, Lord, Horncastrian, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page152">152</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ancaster, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Angevine, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page28">28</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Angus, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Arms of Charles I., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.<br />
+,, temp. Charles I., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span>.<br />
+,, of Marmyon, Dymoke, Umfraville, Willoughby, &amp;c., in
+Coningsby Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ashby, West, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page176">176</a></span>&ndash;180.<br />
+,, Church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page182">182</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ayscough, Clynton, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br />
+,, Elizabeth, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>.<br />
+,, Henry, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>.<br />
+,, Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br />
+,, William, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>B</h3>
+<p>Babington, Miss, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page59">59</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bage, <i>i.e.</i> sod, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Baieux, Bishop of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page165">165</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bain, river name, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Baker, Thomas, cricketer, ventriloquist, &amp;c., <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Banks, Sir Joseph, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page31">31</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page194">194</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Baptists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page84">84</a></span>&ndash;86.<br />
+,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page84">84</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Barkham, Sir Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Barracks at Queen&rsquo;s Head Inn, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bavent, Eudo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page196">196</a></span>.<br />
+,, Close, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page27">27</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Beaumont, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bell and Lancastrian Schools, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page111">111</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Berewick in Coningsby, held by Sortibrand, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br />
+,, in Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bertie, Hon. Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br />
+,, Richard, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page182">182</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bevere, Drogo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Black Death&rdquo; at Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bocher, Arthur, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bolle, Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br />
+,, George, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bolles, Sir Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page171">171</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Boucherett, Ascoghe, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Boulton, Dr. Barnard, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page37">37</a></span>.<br />
+,, Henry, window to first wife, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.<br />
+,, &ldquo;Billy,&rdquo; anecdote of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page160">160</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bourne, The Venerable Hugh, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page73">73</a></span>&ndash;76.<br />
+,, College, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Brackenbury, Mr. Carr, Wesley&rsquo;s friend, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page68">68</a></span>, and
+note.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Branks,&rdquo; or &ldquo;scold&rsquo;s bridle,&rdquo;
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>British words still used, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page3">3</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Britons, C&aelig;sar&rsquo;s description of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span> and notes.<br
+/>
+,, good workmen, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page3">3</a></span>.</p>
+<p><!-- page 214--><a name="page214"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+214</span>Britons, Tacitus account of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page5">5</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Brown, Rev. Benson, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page153">153</a></span>.<br />
+,, John, &ldquo;Laureate,&rdquo; <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page158">158</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page159">159</a></span>.<br />
+,, Martin, and press gang, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Brownists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page78">78</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bunyon, John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page84">84</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Butts,&rdquo; field name, meaning of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page174">174</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>C</h3>
+<p>Calthrop Lieut. Richard, window to, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Camville, Gerard de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page26">26</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Canal, Horncastle, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page126">126</a></span>&ndash;129.<br />
+,, opening ceremony, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page127">127</a></span>&ndash;128.</p>
+<p>Canals recognised by Magna Charta, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Caparn, Rev. W. B., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page153">153</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Capella, Henry de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Carlisle, Bishops of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page167">167</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Carsey (or Kersey), John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Catherine, St., altar of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page200">200</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, chantry of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page36">36</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cecil, Sir Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page29">29</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Chamerlayn dole, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Chapel, St. Laurence&rsquo;s, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page33">33</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page34">34</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Charles I., arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Charters of markets and fairs, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page18">18</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Chattels of felons granted to bishop, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cheney, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Church, St. Mary&rsquo;s, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page33">33</a></span>&ndash;45.<br />
+,, not original, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page33">33</a></span>.<br />
+,, plate, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page56">56</a></span>.<br />
+,, restored, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page56">56</a></span>.<br />
+,, Holy Trinity, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page57">57</a></span>&ndash;59.<br />
+,, ,, architect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page57">57</a></span>.<br />
+,, Lads&rsquo; Brigade, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page63">63</a></span>.<br />
+,, Schools, National, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page63">63</a></span>.<br />
+,, service, absence from, fined, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clarke, Rev. T. J., Vicar, account, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Claribel, Mrs. Barnard, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clerical Club, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page63">63</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page137">137</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page138">138</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clinton, Lord, and family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page21">21</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page92">92</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clinton, Lord, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page97">97</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clitherow, Mr. Robert, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Clowes, William, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page76">76</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cock and Breeches Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cock-fighting, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Coins found at Mareham-on-the-Hill, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Coningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>&ndash;207.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>&ndash;7.<br />
+,, land owners of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rector of, Poet Laureate, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir Fitz-William, Sheriff, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, at battle of the Boyne saved the king&rsquo;s life, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Coningsby, mansion of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Conyngsby, Humphrey <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Constable, an old smuggler, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Coppuldyke, Thomas and wife, guild of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Corn Exchange, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page140">140</a></span>&ndash;142.</p>
+<p>Court House, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page135">135</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page136">136</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Craycroft of Craycroft, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cressey, Nicholas, gent., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Crispus and Crispinianus, window, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page37">37</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Cromwell visits Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page32">32</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cromwell, Ralph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cussons, John, Confederate General, &amp;c., <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>D</h3>
+<p>Danish Conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page10">10</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Despenser, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page195">195</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page195">195</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Destructive storms at Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dispensary, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page119">119</a></span>&ndash;125.<br />
+,, balls, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br />
+,, dispensers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br />
+,, legacies, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page125">125</a></span>.<br />
+,, present building, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page125">125</a></span>.<br />
+,, presidents, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page123">123</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br />
+,, sermons, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page122">122</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page123">123</a></span>.<br />
+,, vice-presidents, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dixon, Miss Annie, artist, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page151">151</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dogdyke, <i>i.e.</i> Dock-dyke, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dole, Chamerlayn, at Roughton, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Drill Hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page148">148</a></span>&ndash;150.</p>
+<p>Drogo de Bruere, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dymoke, Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br />
+,, John, of Haltham, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.<br />
+,, John, Rev., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>.<br />
+,, Lionel, curious will of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page183">183</a></span>&ndash;184.<br />
+,, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir Henry, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir Lionel, monument to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page41">41</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, engraving, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page42">42</a></span>.<br />
+,, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p><!-- page 215--><a name="page215"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+215</span>Dymokes, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page208">208</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>E</h3>
+<p>Eastwood, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Editha, Queen, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Elmhirst, General Charles, window to, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page179">179</a></span>.<br />
+,, William, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Enderby, Wood, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>&ndash;203.</p>
+<p>Escald, Gerald de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page200">200</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Eusden, Rev. Laurence, Poet Laureate, Rector of Coningsby,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>F</h3>
+<p>Fast, solemn, at Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Felons, right to try, of Bishop of Carlisle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Fighting Cocks Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.<br />
+,, foxhounds kept at, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.<br />
+,, scythe fair at, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Fitz-William, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page28">28</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page29">29</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Forests, extensive, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page2">2</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page3">3</a></span> and note, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page18">18</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span> and note,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Fox, Mrs. Salome, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Foxe&rsquo;s Book of Martyrs, in church, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Franklin, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Freshville, Peter, Frances, daughter of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Fynes, Norreys, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br />
+,, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>G</h3>
+<p>Gairmaro, Geoffrey, chronicler, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page16">16</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Gallows of Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>.<br />
+,, at Thimbleby, of Abbot, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page170">170</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Gaunt, Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page166">166</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page167">167</a></span>.</p>
+<p>George, Dr. Hugh, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page59">59</a></span>.<br />
+,, Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, incident at, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Gibson, Thomas, Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page39">39</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page40">40</a></span> and note, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Giles, Prebendary, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page39">39</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Gilliat, Rev. Edward, author, &amp;c., <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Glenham family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Goldie, Rev. C. D., Curate, account of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Goodrich, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Grace, Pilgrimage of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Grammar School, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page91">91</a></span>&ndash;107.<br />
+,, distinctions of old boys, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br />
+,, distinguished boys, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page95">95</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page96">96</a></span>.<br />
+,, games and customs, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page99">99</a></span>&ndash;104.<br />
+,, Governors, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page92">92</a></span>.<br />
+,, Madge, Dr., late Master, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br />
+,, Masters, former under, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page97">97</a></span>&ndash;99.<br />
+,, modern, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br />
+,, new buildings, future, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page107">107</a></span>.<br />
+,, origin of, early, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page91">91</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page92">92</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page106">106</a></span>.<br />
+,, property of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page92">92</a></span>.<br />
+,, White, Rev. T., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page99">99</a></span>.<br />
+,, Worman, Mr. A. N., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page105">105</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Grosvenor, Rev. Francis, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page98">98</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page99">99</a></span>.<br />
+,, F., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page153">153</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>H</h3>
+<p>Hallgarth, interesting old house in Thimbleby, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Haltham, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>&ndash;192.<br />
+,, church, interesting, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hamerton, John, Churchwarden, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page39">39</a></span>.<br />
+,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page52">52</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hangman&rsquo;s Corner, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hardingshall, Sir William, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hartgrave, Paganell, of Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hartwell, Lady, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Harwood, Mr. F., window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hawley, Sir Henry M., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Heald, George, Chancellor, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span>.<br />
+,, and Lola Montez, incident, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Healey, A. H., athlete, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page154">154</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Heneage family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Henry IV., visits Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page32">32</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Hoblers&rdquo; for the army, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Holles, Gervase, description of church windows, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Holles, Gervase, wife buried at Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Holme, <i>i.e.</i> island, Danish, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hopton, Sir Ingram, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page41">41</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Horncastle, British settlement, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span>.<br />
+,, Manor, owners of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page13">13</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page22">22</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page24">24</a></span>.<br />
+,, market tolls, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page13">13</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page14">14</a></span>.<br />
+,, Benefice, King appoints to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rector murdered, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rector changed to Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page47">47</a></span>.<br />
+,, Peter de Galicia appointed to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page47">47</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rectors and Vicars, list of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page50">50</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page51">51</a></span>.<br />
+,, rectory house, former, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page55">55</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hotchkin, family of, connected with Thimbleby, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span>.</p>
+<p><!-- page 216--><a name="page216"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+216</span>Hounds kept at Fighting Cocks, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>I</h3>
+<p>Independents, sect of and chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span>&ndash;83.</p>
+<p>Islep, Simon de, Rector, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>J</h3>
+<p>&ldquo;Jack&rdquo; Musters kept hounds at Fighting Cocks,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>K</h3>
+<p>Keane, Charles, and Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page156">156</a></span>.<br />
+,, Edmund, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Kemp family and Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page173">173</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page175">175</a></span>.<br />
+,, meaning of name, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page173">173</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Kent, John, owner of Horncastle Manor, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page24">24</a></span>.</p>
+<p>King&rsquo;s Head Inn, thatched, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Kirkstead, Thimbleby belonged to Abbot of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page169">169</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span>.<br />
+,, Abbot of, arbitrary action of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page170">170</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Knyght, questionable action of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page169">169</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>L</h3>
+<p>Lancastrian and Bell Schools, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page111">111</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Langley, Ambrose, footballer, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Langton, John de, Rector of Horncastle, Bishop of Chichester,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Langrick, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Langriville, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span>.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br />
+,, School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Langworth, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Leweline, Joan de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Leych, William, curious will of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lincolnshire Rising, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br />
+,, William Leche, &ldquo;begynner&rdquo; of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lindsey, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Literary Society, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page138">138</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lizures, William de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page26">26</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page27">27</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lodge, Canon S., lectern given by, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span> and note.<br
+/>
+,, ,, Master of Grammar School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page99">99</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lola Montez, incident, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lord, Rev. Thomas, centenarian, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page82">82</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page89">89</a></span>&ndash;90.</p>
+<p>L&rsquo;Oste, Rev. S., Rector of Langton, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page93">93</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lovell, Sir Thomas, Knt., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Lysurs, Alice de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>M</h3>
+<p>Madely, Dr. Clement, tablet to, in St. Mary&rsquo;s, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Malcolm, Lord, of Poltallock, Lord of Langriville Manor, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Malingars, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Mareham-le-Fen, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span>&ndash;198.<br />
+,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span>&ndash;194.</p>
+<p>Mareham-on-the-Hill, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page183">183</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Marwood, hangman, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page154">154</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page155">155</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Massingbird, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Mechanics&rsquo; Institute, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page139">139</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page140">140</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Milner, Canon, W. H., Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page61">61</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Moorby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>&ndash;200.<br />
+,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br />
+,, communion plate, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page199">199</a></span>.<br />
+,, minstrel column, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page199">199</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Mordaunt, John, owner in Coningsby, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Moyne, Thomas, rebel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Murder at Queen&rsquo;s Head Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Musters, &ldquo;Jack,&rdquo; kept hounds, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>N</h3>
+<p>Newcomen, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p>
+<p>New Jerusalem, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page86">86</a></span>&ndash;89.<br />
+,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page88">88</a></span>.<br />
+,, first resident minister, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page89">89</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ninian, St., in window of St. Mary&rsquo;s, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Nonconformist places of worship, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page64">64</a></span>&ndash;90.</p>
+<p>Norman Conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page13">13</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>O</h3>
+<p>Oddities of Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page160">160</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page161">161</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Organ, fine, of parish church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page36">36</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ortiay, Henry del, tenure by spurs, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ouseley, Sir F. Gore, of Wesley family, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page64">64</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Oven, public, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Overseer, a woman appointed, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>P</h3>
+<p>Paganell, Ranulph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page177">177</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Palfreyman, of Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page52">52</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Palmer, Rev. E. R. H. G., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Pancake bell, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page34">34</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Paynell, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Penance done in church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Pilgrimage of Grace, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Pingle, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Plague, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p>
+<p><!-- page 217--><a name="page217"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+217</span>Plesington, Henry, Knt., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Primitive Methodists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page71">71</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span>.<br />
+,, chapel described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page72">72</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Publichouses, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page161">161</a></span>&ndash;164.<br />
+,, now gone, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page163">163</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>Q</h3>
+<p>Quarrington, Canon E. F., late Vicar, window to, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Queen&rsquo;s Head Inn, murder at, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>R</h3>
+<p>Raengeires, British leader, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page9">9</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Railway, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page130">130</a></span>&ndash;132.<br />
+,, opening ceremony of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page131">131</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page132">132</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ravennas, Geographer, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page5">5</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Rayne, Bishop&rsquo;s Chancellor, slain, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rennie, Mr. John, Engineer, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rhodes, Gerard de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>.<br />
+,, Ralph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page18">18</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rinder, Mr. Joseph, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p>
+<p>River names, celtic, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rivett, Mr. John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Robber taking refuge in church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Robinson, Miss, and Queen&rsquo;s dresses, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rev. John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page78">78</a></span>&ndash;80.</p>
+<p>Rolleston, Edward, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.<br />
+,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rolston, Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Roman coffins, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page8">8</a></span>.<br />
+,, coins, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page4">4</a></span>.<br />
+,, commanders, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page3">3</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page5">5</a></span>.<br />
+,, milestone, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page5">5</a></span>.<br />
+,, pipes, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page8">8</a></span>.<br />
+,, pottery, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page6">6</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.<br />
+,, roads, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page5">5</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br />
+,, tomb at Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page174">174</a></span>.<br />
+,, urns, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br />
+,, walls, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br />
+,, wells, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page6">6</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rose, Rev. W., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page82">82</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page83">83</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ross, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Round House, the (prison), <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page135">135</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Roughton, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br />
+,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br />
+,, plague at, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Rushton, &ldquo;Aty,&rdquo; <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page160">160</a></span>.<br />
+,, Thomas, fisherman, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page160">160</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>S</h3>
+<p>Salt, a property, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page182">182</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Sanctuary in church, right of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Sapcote, Sir Richard, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Savile, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page22">22</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page26">26</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Saxon conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page9">9</a></span>.<br />
+,, minstrel pillar, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page199">199</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Schofield, John, marries bishop&rsquo;s daughter, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Science and Art School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.<br />
+,, great efficiency of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page114">114</a></span>.<br />
+,, lectures on special subjects, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page115">115</a></span>&ndash;118.<br />
+,, origin of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.<br />
+,, teachers of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page115">115</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Scrope family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Scott, Sir Gilbert, at Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Scythes in church, probable history of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page41">41</a></span> and note.<br
+/>
+,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Scythe fair, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Sessions House, former, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page135">135</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Sewer, common for drain, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Sharp, Rev. W. Heneage, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page154">154</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Shepherd, Capt., &ldquo;old salt,&rdquo; <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Ship-money, complaint of, temp. Charles I, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Skynner, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page169">169</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Slated house, first in Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Smith, Captain, Surgeon, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page157">157</a></span>.<br />
+,, Dr. J. Bainbridge of Grammar School, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page93">93</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Snowden, Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span>.<br />
+,, Rutland, &ldquo;delinquent,&rdquo; <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, benefactor to Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page54">54</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, among Lincolnshire gentry, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page55">55</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Socmen, bordars, and villeins, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page183">183</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Somercotes, Sir William, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Southey, Rev. T. C., Curate, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Southwell, Miss Trafford, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Spinning School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Spranger, Dr. R., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.<br />
+,, Chancellor, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Spurrier, Rev. H., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br />
+,, H. C. M., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Spurs, tenure by, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Stanhope family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page31">31</a></span>.<br />
+,, J. Banks, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page192">192</a></span>.<br />
+,, Memorial, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page136">136</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page137">137</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Swedenborg, Emanuel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page86">86</a></span>.</p>
+<h3><!-- page 218--><a name="page218"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 218</span>T</h3>
+<p>Tailboys, Sir Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Taillebois, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tanning formerly chief trade of Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tennyson, A., and brother married in Horncastle, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thatched publichouse, by will, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Theft from St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Theleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thief to catch thieves, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page161">161</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page165">165</a></span>&ndash;176.<br />
+,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page175">175</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page176">176</a></span>.<br />
+,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page171">171</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thornton-le-Fen, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br />
+,, School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thornton family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Three Maids&rsquo; Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Thymelby family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page24">24</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tibetot, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tom Cat Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Toynton, High, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page180">180</a></span>&ndash;184.<br />
+,, ,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page182">182</a></span>.<br />
+,, Low, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>&ndash;188.<br />
+,, ,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>&ndash;186.<br />
+,, ,, ,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page185">185</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Trafford, W. H., Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Train-bands, arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Trinity Church Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page57">57</a></span>&ndash;60.<br />
+,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page59">59</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Trunyan&rsquo;s, light of, our Lady&rsquo;s light, &amp;c.,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tumby Chase, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Turner and Cato Street Conspiracy, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page155">155</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>.<br />
+,, Sir Edmund, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tymelby, Ivo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Tyrwhitt, Douglas, a lady, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page52">52</a></span>.<br />
+,, old county family, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page29">29</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>U</h3>
+<p>Umfraville, Earl of Angus, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Union, the, or workhouse, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page133">133</a></span>&ndash;135.</p>
+<p>Union, early laws concerning paupers, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>V</h3>
+<p>Volunteers, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page145">145</a></span>&ndash;148.<br />
+,, Drill Hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page148">148</a></span>&ndash;150.<br />
+,, practiced on Edlington Road, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>W</h3>
+<p>Walter, Rev. H., B.D., <i>History of England</i>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page64">64</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Waring, river name, meaning &ldquo;rough,&rdquo; <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Watson&rsquo;s Free School, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page108">108</a></span>&ndash;111.<br />
+,, property of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page110">110</a></span>.<br />
+,, Governors, original, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page110">110</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Well-syke, field and wood name, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page190">190</a></span> and note.</p>
+<p>Wesley, John, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span>&ndash;67.<br />
+,, Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wesleyan, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page64">64</a></span>&ndash;71.<br />
+,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page70">70</a></span>.<br />
+,, ,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span>.<br />
+,, circuits, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page66">66</a></span>.<br />
+,, centenary, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page71">71</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Whelpton Almshouses, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page142">142</a></span>&ndash;144.</p>
+<p>Whichcote, Clinton, of Coningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wildmore Fen added to Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page207">207</a></span>.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Williams, Thomas, missionary, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page69">69</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Willoughby, William de, and family, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page167">167</a></span>.<br />
+,, de Eresby, Lord, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Winchester, Bishop of, held land in Coningsby, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wood Enderby, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>&ndash;203.<br />
+,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page201">201</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Workhouse, before Union, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page134">134</a></span>.<br />
+,, village, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>Y</h3>
+<p>Young Churchmen&rsquo;s Union, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page63">63</a></span>.</p>
+<h3>Z</h3>
+<p>Zouch, Eudo la, bequest to, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Printed by W. K. Morton &amp; Sons,
+Ltd., 27, High Street, Horncastle.</p>
+<h2>Footnotes:</h2>
+<p><a name="footnote0"></a><a href="#citation0"
+class="footnote">[0]</a>&nbsp; His father, for about 12 months,
+occupied the house in North Street, of late years known as the
+&ldquo;Red House,&rdquo; distinguished, it is said, as being the
+only house in the town having a front door of mahogany.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote1a"></a><a href="#citation1a"
+class="footnote">[1a]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Jeans, in his <i>Handbook for
+Lincolnshire</i>, p. 142, says &ldquo;the Roman station (here)
+probably utilized an existing British settlement.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote1b"></a><a href="#citation1b"
+class="footnote">[1b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Words and Places</i>, p. 13,
+note.&nbsp; Ed. 1873.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote1c"></a><a href="#citation1c"
+class="footnote">[1c]</a>&nbsp; There are probably traces of
+British hill-forts in the neighbourhood, as on Hoe hill, near
+Holbeck, distant 4 miles, also probably at Somersby, Ormsby, and
+several other places.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote1d"></a><a href="#citation1d"
+class="footnote">[1d]</a>&nbsp; In the name of the near village
+of Edlington we have probably a trace of the mystic Druid,
+<i>i.e.</i> British, deity Eideleg, while in Horsington we may
+have the Druid sacred animal.&nbsp; Olivers&rsquo; <i>Religious
+Houses</i>, Appendix, p. 167.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2a"></a><a href="#citation2a"
+class="footnote">[2a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Words and Places</i>, p.
+130.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2b"></a><a href="#citation2b"
+class="footnote">[2b]</a>&nbsp; The meadow which now lies in the
+angle formed by the junction of the Bain and Waring at Horncastle
+is still called &ldquo;The Holms,&rdquo; which is Danish for
+&ldquo;islands.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2c"></a><a href="#citation2c"
+class="footnote">[2c]</a>&nbsp; The name Bain, slightly varied,
+is not uncommon.&nbsp; There is the Bannon, or Ban-avon
+(&ldquo;avon&rdquo; also meaning &ldquo;river&rdquo;), in
+Pembrokeshire; the Ban in Co. Wexford, Bana in Co. Down, Banney
+(<i>i.e.</i> Ban-ea, &ldquo;ea&rdquo; also meaning water) in
+Yorkshire, Bain in Herefordshire; Banavie (avon) is a place on
+the brightly running river Lochy in Argyleshire; and, as meaning
+&ldquo;white,&rdquo; a fair-haired boy or girl is called in
+Gaelic &ldquo;Bhana.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2d"></a><a href="#citation2d"
+class="footnote">[2d]</a>&nbsp; The name Waring (G commonly
+representing the modern W) is found in the Yarrow, and Garry in
+Scotland, the Geirw, a rough mountain stream, at Pont-y-glyn, in
+North Wales, and in the Garonne in France.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2e"></a><a href="#citation2e"
+class="footnote">[2e]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ars Poetica</i>, l 59.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2f"></a><a href="#citation2f"
+class="footnote">[2f]</a>&nbsp; An account of this urn is given
+by the late Bishop Trollope, with an engraving of it, in the
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, vol. iv, p.
+200.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2g"></a><a href="#citation2g"
+class="footnote">[2g]</a>&nbsp; <i>De Bella Gallico</i>, bk. v,
+ch. 12&ndash;14.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote2h"></a><a href="#citation2h"
+class="footnote">[2h]</a>&nbsp; Some idea of the extent of these
+forests, even in later times, may be formed from the account
+given by De la Prime (<i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, No. 75,
+p. 980) who says &ldquo;round about the skirts of the wolds are
+found infinite millions of the roots and bodies of trees of great
+size.&rdquo;&nbsp; Pliney tells us that the Britons had
+&ldquo;powerful mastiffs&rdquo; for hunting the wild boar, and
+Manwood in an old <i>Treatise on Forest Laws</i> (circa 1680)
+states (p. 60) that the finest mastiffs were bred in
+Lincolnshire.&nbsp; Fuller, in his <i>Worthies of England</i> (p.
+150) mentions that a Dutchman (circa 1660) coming to England for
+sport, spent a whole season in pursuit of wild game &ldquo;in
+Lincolniensi montium tractu,&rdquo; by which doubtless were
+intended the wolds.&nbsp; A writer in the <i>Arch&aelig;ological
+Journal</i> (June, 1846) says &ldquo;the whole country of the
+Coritani (<i>i.e.</i> Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, &amp;c.) was
+then, and long after, a dense forest.&rdquo;&nbsp; The name
+&ldquo;Coritani,&rdquo; or more properly Coitani, is the Roman
+adaptation of the British &ldquo;Coed,&rdquo; a wood, which still
+survives in Wales in such place-names as &ldquo;Coed Coch,&rdquo;
+the red wood, &ldquo;Bettws y Coed,&rdquo; the chapel in the
+wood, &amp;c.&nbsp; This was their distinguishing characteristic
+to the Roman, they were wood-men.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote3"></a><a href="#citation3"
+class="footnote">[3]</a>&nbsp; To the skill and bravery in war of
+the Britons C&aelig;sar bears testimony.&nbsp; He says,
+&ldquo;They drive their chariots in all directions, throwing
+their spears, and by the fear of their horses and the noise of
+their wheels they disturb the ranks of their enemies; when they
+have forced their way among the troops they leap down and fight
+on foot.&nbsp; By constant practice they acquire such skill that
+they can stop, turn, and guide their horses when at full speed
+and in the most difficult ground.&nbsp; They can run along the
+chariot pole, sit on the collar and return with rapidity into the
+chariot, by which novel mode (he says) his men were much
+disturbed.&rdquo;&nbsp; (&ldquo;Novitate pugn&aelig;
+perturbati.&rdquo;)&nbsp; <i>De Bella Gallico</i>, lib. iv, c,
+33, 34.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a"
+class="footnote">[5a]</a>&nbsp; An account of this milestone is
+given by the late Precentor Venables, in his <i>Walks through the
+Streets of Lincoln</i>, two Lectures, published by J. W. Ruddock,
+253, High Street, Lincoln.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b"
+class="footnote">[5b]</a>&nbsp; Stukeley, <i>Itinerarium
+curiosum</i>, p. 28; Weir&rsquo;s <i>History of Horncastle</i>,
+p. 4, ed. 1820; Saunders&rsquo; <i>History</i>, vol. ii, p. 90,
+ed. 1834; Bishop Trollope, <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, vol. iv, p. 199, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote5c"></a><a href="#citation5c"
+class="footnote">[5c]</a>&nbsp; Ravennas, whose personal name is
+not known (that term merely meaning a native of Ravenna), was an
+anonymous geographer, who wrote a <i>Chorography of Britian</i>,
+as well as of several other countries, about A.D. 650.&nbsp;
+These were confessedly compilations from older authorities, and
+were, two centuries later, revised by Guido of Ravenna, and
+doubtless by others at a later period still, since the work, in
+its existent form describes the Saxons and Danes, as well, in
+Britain.&nbsp; As Gallio, also of Ravenna, was the last Roman
+general in command in these parts, it has been suggested that he
+was virtually the original author (Horsley&rsquo;s
+<i>Britannia</i>, 1732, chap. iv., p. 489; also <i>The Dawn of
+Modern Geography</i>, by C. Raymond Beazley, M.A., F.R.G.S.,
+1897, J. Murray).&nbsp; Messrs. Pinder and Parthey published an
+edition of <i>Ravennas</i>, <i>or the Ravennese Geographer</i>,
+as did also Dr. Gale.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote5e"></a><a href="#citation5e"
+class="footnote">[5e]</a>&nbsp; <i>Life of Agricola</i> c.
+xxxi.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote6a"></a><a href="#citation6a"
+class="footnote">[6a]</a>&nbsp; This is a thoroughly provincial
+word for highway or turnpike.&nbsp; It is of course a corruption
+of &ldquo;Rampart,&rdquo; a fortified passage.&nbsp; In the marsh
+districts the main roads are called &ldquo;rampires.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+See Brogden&rsquo;s <i>Provincial Words</i>.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote6b"></a><a href="#citation6b"
+class="footnote">[6b]</a>&nbsp; The name Baumber, again, also
+written Bam-burgh, means a &ldquo;burgh,&rdquo; or fortress on
+the Bain, which runs through that parish.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote7a"></a><a href="#citation7a"
+class="footnote">[7a]</a>&nbsp; These urns are fully described
+with an engraving of them in vol. iv, pt. ii, of the
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, by the late Bishop
+Dr. E. Trollope.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote7b"></a><a href="#citation7b"
+class="footnote">[7b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architect. S. Journal</i>, iv,
+ii, p. 201.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote8"></a><a href="#citation8"
+class="footnote">[8]</a>&nbsp; Gough, <i>Sepulchral
+Monuments</i>, Introduction, p. 59, says &ldquo;coffins of lead
+and wood are believed to have been used by the Romans in
+Britain.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9"
+class="footnote">[9]</a>&nbsp; The first Danish incursions into
+England were in A.D. 786 and 787, specially in Lincolnshire in
+838.&nbsp; In 869 was fought the decisive battle of Threckingham
+in this county, which made the Danes paramount.&nbsp; The name
+Threckingham is said to be derived from the fact that 3 kings
+were slain in this battle, but we believe this to be an error,
+and that the place was the residence, the &ldquo;ham&rdquo; of
+the Threcginghas.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote10"></a><a href="#citation10"
+class="footnote">[10]</a>&nbsp; The prefix &ldquo;Horn&rdquo; is
+also found in Holbeach Hurn, an angular headland on the south
+coast of Lincolnshire.&nbsp; In the monkish Latin of old title
+deeds, we also find the patronymic Hurne, Hearne, &amp;c.,
+represented by its equivalent &ldquo;de angulo,&rdquo;
+<i>i.e.</i> &ldquo;of the corner.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote11a"></a><a href="#citation11a"
+class="footnote">[11a]</a>&nbsp; Dr. Mansell Creighton, late
+Bishop of London.&nbsp; <i>Essays</i>, edited by Louisa
+Creighton, 1904, pp. 278&ndash;9.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote11b"></a><a href="#citation11b"
+class="footnote">[11b]</a>&nbsp; The palace of the Bishop was on
+the site of the present Manor House.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote11c"></a><a href="#citation11c"
+class="footnote">[11c]</a>&nbsp; Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.&nbsp;
+<i>Monast. Angl.</i>, vol. ii, p. 646.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12a"></a><a href="#citation12a"
+class="footnote">[12a]</a>&nbsp; Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No. 14,
+m. 1.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12b"></a><a href="#citation12b"
+class="footnote">[12b]</a>&nbsp; Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14,
+m. 1, 3 Edward I., 1274&ndash;5.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12c"></a><a href="#citation12c"
+class="footnote">[12c]</a>&nbsp; This sale was confirmed by the
+King, as shewn by a Charter Roll, 14 Henry III., pt. i, m. 12 3
+Ed. I., 1274&ndash;5.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12d"></a><a href="#citation12d"
+class="footnote">[12d]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt.
+i, m. 3.&nbsp; A.D. 1390.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12e"></a><a href="#citation12e"
+class="footnote">[12e]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 6 Edward VI., pt.
+iii, m. 1.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12f"></a><a href="#citation12f"
+class="footnote">[12f]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m 2,
+(44) 28 Nov., 1553.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12g"></a><a href="#citation12g"
+class="footnote">[12g]</a>&nbsp; Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes
+Clinton.&nbsp; <i>Annual Register</i>, 1772, p. 2.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote12h"></a><a href="#citation12h"
+class="footnote">[12h]</a>&nbsp; Coram Rege Roll, Portsmouth,
+April 20, 14 Chas. II.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote13a"></a><a href="#citation13a"
+class="footnote">[13a]</a>&nbsp; Exchequer Bills and Answers, 11
+Charles V., Lincoln, No. 185.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote13b"></a><a href="#citation13b"
+class="footnote">[13b]</a>&nbsp; The carucate varied in different
+parts of the country, in Lincolnshire it was 120 acres.&nbsp;
+Gelt was a land tax, first imposed by the Danes in the reign of
+Ethelred, about A.D. 991, being 2s. on the carucate.&nbsp;
+Villeins and bordars were under-tenants of two different classes,
+bordars being superior to villeins.&nbsp; (Introd. <i>Domesday
+Book</i>, by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote13c"></a><a href="#citation13c"
+class="footnote">[13c]</a>&nbsp; Barristers are said to have been
+first appointed by Edward I., A.D. 1291.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16a"></a><a href="#citation16a"
+class="footnote">[16a]</a>&nbsp; Among the Lincoln Cathedral
+Charters is an imperfect one, which mentions her &ldquo;Castle of
+Tornegat (can this be a corruption for Horncastle?), her land at
+Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby (Thurlby) in
+Lincolnshire,&rdquo; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1901, p. 22.&nbsp; There is a notice of her in the
+<i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, vol. I.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16b"></a><a href="#citation16b"
+class="footnote">[16b]</a>&nbsp; This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself
+rather an interesting figure in local history.&nbsp; He is
+mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy and Martin,
+1888&ndash;9), as the author of <i>L&rsquo;estorie des
+Engles</i>, a rhyming chronicle, based chiefly on the
+<i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i>, and Geoffrey of Monmouth (between
+A.D. 1135 and 1147).&nbsp; He undertook his work at the request
+of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the
+manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a
+Norman who lived in that parish.&nbsp; He quotes <i>The Book of
+Washingborough</i> and <i>The Lay of Haveloc the Dane</i>,
+relating to Grimsby.&nbsp; He does not directly mention
+Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by
+celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16c"></a><a href="#citation16c"
+class="footnote">[16c]</a>&nbsp; Camden&rsquo;s <i>Britannia</i>,
+pp. 45, 288, 529.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16d"></a><a href="#citation16d"
+class="footnote">[16d]</a>&nbsp; <i>History of Lincoln</i>, 1816,
+p. 138.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16e"></a><a href="#citation16e"
+class="footnote">[16e]</a>&nbsp; Camden, p. 88.&nbsp; A Lincoln
+Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503) shows that on the death of
+Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney, owning the manors of
+Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert Willoughby,
+Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote16f"></a><a href="#citation16f"
+class="footnote">[16f]</a>&nbsp; Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.&nbsp;
+D. Mon, ii, p. 646.&nbsp; (<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1895, p. 23).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote17a"></a><a href="#citation17a"
+class="footnote">[17a]</a>&nbsp; Dugdale <i>Baronage</i>, p.
+39.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote17b"></a><a href="#citation17b"
+class="footnote">[17b]</a>&nbsp; Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14,
+m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274&ndash;5.&nbsp; A Pipe Roll also, 1
+Richard I., A.D. 1189&ndash;90, mentions &ldquo;Gerbod de Escalt
+as paying a tale of &pound;80 in Horncastre.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote17c"></a><a href="#citation17c"
+class="footnote">[17c]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry
+III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and ditto, No. 38, same date.&nbsp;
+Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a Chancellor&rsquo;s Roll, 3
+John, A.D. 1201&ndash;1, as paying certain fees for
+Horncastle.&nbsp; He is also named in the document above quoted
+(Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on
+the demise of Gerbald de Escald.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote17d"></a><a href="#citation17d"
+class="footnote">[17d]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No.
+52, Lincoln.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote18a"></a><a href="#citation18a"
+class="footnote">[18a]</a>&nbsp; Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15
+June, 1281, quoted <i>Lincolnshire Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol.
+v, p. 216.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote18b"></a><a href="#citation18b"
+class="footnote">[18b]</a>&nbsp; Coram Rege Roll, 13 Ed. I., m.
+10, 12 May, 1285.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, pp.
+219&ndash;20.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote18c"></a><a href="#citation18c"
+class="footnote">[18c]</a>&nbsp; The transfer of the manor to the
+bishop is further proved by a Carlisle document, a chancery
+inquisition post mortem, dated Dec. 11, 1395, which states that a
+certain John Amery, owner of a messuage in the parish &ldquo;by
+fealty and the service of 16d. of rent, by the year, holds of the
+Bishop of Carlisle, and the said Bishop holds of the
+King.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote18d"></a><a href="#citation18d"
+class="footnote">[18d]</a>&nbsp; The bishops of those days were
+sportsmen.&nbsp; It is recorded of a Bishop of Ely that he rode
+to the Cathedral &ldquo;with hawk on wrist,&rdquo; and left it in
+the cloister while doing &ldquo;God&rsquo;s service.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+There it was stolen and he solemnly excommunicated the
+thief.&nbsp; Aukenleck MS., temp. Ed. II., British Museum.&nbsp;
+The extensive woods in the soke of Horncastle abounded in game,
+as we have already shown by the tolls charged on roebuck, hares,
+&amp;c., brought into the town.&nbsp; The punishment for killing
+a wild boar, without the king&rsquo;s licence, was the loss of
+both eyes.&nbsp; These fer&aelig; natur&aelig; became extinct
+about A.D. 1620.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote18e"></a><a href="#citation18e"
+class="footnote">[18e]</a>&nbsp; These and other privileges
+granted to the Bishop are first specified in a Cartulary Roll,
+14&ndash;15 Henry III.; they are renewed in a Memoranda Roll of 4
+Ed. III.; again in the 25th year of Henry VI., and further in a
+Roll attested by Charles II., in his court at Westminster, Feb.
+26, 1676.&nbsp; The August Fair was, in late years, altered by
+the Urban Council to begin on the 2nd Monday in the month, and to
+end on the following Thursday, it really however begins on the
+previous Thursday.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote19a"></a><a href="#citation19a"
+class="footnote">[19a]</a>&nbsp; Roll 104, Hilary Term, 24 Ed.
+III. (1350).&nbsp; County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote19b"></a><a href="#citation19b"
+class="footnote">[19b]</a>&nbsp; De Banco Roll, Michaelmas, 41
+Ed. III., m. 621, Aug. 3, 1368, Lincoln.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote19c"></a><a href="#citation19c"
+class="footnote">[19c]</a>&nbsp; Coram Rege Roll, Trinity, 13 Ed.
+I., m. 10, Westminster, 12 May, 1285.&nbsp; Given in
+<i>Lincolnshire Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. v., p. 220.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20a"></a><a href="#citation20a"
+class="footnote">[20a]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt.
+2, m. 47, 8 Dec., 1390.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>,
+vol. v., p. 221.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20b"></a><a href="#citation20b"
+class="footnote">[20b]</a>&nbsp; Fuller&rsquo;s <i>Church History
+of Britain</i>, vol. i, pp. 240, 242.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20c"></a><a href="#citation20c"
+class="footnote">[20c]</a>&nbsp; Camden&rsquo;s <i>Britannia</i>,
+p. 484.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20d"></a><a href="#citation20d"
+class="footnote">[20d]</a>&nbsp; Camden&rsquo;s <i>Britannia</i>,
+p. 522.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20e"></a><a href="#citation20e"
+class="footnote">[20e]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibid</i>, p. 978.&nbsp; The
+name of Tibetot may possibly still survive in the family of
+Tibbot, who till quite recently held the manor of Thimbleby in
+the soke of Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20f"></a><a href="#citation20f"
+class="footnote">[20f]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 489.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20g"></a><a href="#citation20g"
+class="footnote">[20g]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 88.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20h"></a><a href="#citation20h"
+class="footnote">[20h]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 760.&nbsp;
+This castle was built by Richard, Baron le Scrope, Chancellor of
+England under Richard II.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20i"></a><a href="#citation20i"
+class="footnote">[20i]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 99.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20j"></a><a href="#citation20j"
+class="footnote">[20j]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 722.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote20k"></a><a href="#citation20k"
+class="footnote">[20k]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll 6 Ed. VI., pt. 3, m.
+1, 21 Nov., 1552, witnessed by the king at Westminster.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote21a"></a><a href="#citation21a"
+class="footnote">[21a]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m. 2
+(44), 28 Nov., 1553.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote21b"></a><a href="#citation21b"
+class="footnote">[21b]</a>&nbsp; Historical MS. Commission.&nbsp;
+Calendar of MS. of the most Honble. the Marquis of Salisbury,
+K.G., &amp;c., p. 179.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote21c"></a><a href="#citation21c"
+class="footnote">[21c]</a>&nbsp; This Earl of Lincoln would seem
+to have been of a particularly hot temperament.&nbsp; I have
+mentioned in another volume (<i>Records of Woodhall Spa</i>, pp.
+14.0, &amp;c.) several of his actions of gross violence against
+the Saviles of Poolham Hall, in this neighbourhood, about the
+same date (1578).&nbsp; I will merely state here that he, with a
+party of followers, attacked Sir Robert Savile, when on a hunting
+excursion, seized several of his hounds and hanged them, as Sir
+Robert says, &ldquo;upon my own tree within my own
+ground.&rdquo;&nbsp; He forced his way into the parlour at
+Poolham and challenged Sir Robert to fight &ldquo;six to
+six&rdquo; of their dependents.&nbsp; After an entertainment at
+Horncastle his followers, at his instigation, got hold of an
+unfortunate tailor, &ldquo;drew their swords and sore wounded
+him,&rdquo; saying he should &ldquo;have that and more, for his
+master&rsquo;s sake,&rdquo; Sir Robert Savile&rsquo;s son.&nbsp;
+One Robert Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, prayed the justices for
+protection against his &ldquo;horrible outrages,&rdquo; and it
+was said that his conduct &ldquo;savoured of
+insanity.&rdquo;&nbsp; (<i>Illustrations of English History</i>
+by Lodge.&nbsp; Lansdown MS., Brit. Mus., 27, art. 41.)</p>
+<p><a name="footnote21d"></a><a href="#citation21d"
+class="footnote">[21d]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 6 Ed. VI., pt. i,
+m. 11.&nbsp; Date 8 Dec., 1554.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22a"></a><a href="#citation22a"
+class="footnote">[22a]</a>&nbsp; Esch. Inquis. post mortem,
+3&ndash;4 Henry VIII., No. 14.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22b"></a><a href="#citation22b"
+class="footnote">[22b]</a>&nbsp; It does not appear where this
+&ldquo;Parish-fee&rdquo; was situated, doubtless it was
+subordinate to the main manor of Horncastle, such
+&ldquo;fees&rdquo; were generally named after the owners once
+&ldquo;enfeoffed&rdquo; of them, as we have at Spalding
+Ayscough-fee Hall, once owned by the Ayscoughs, Beaumont-fee at
+Lincoln, owned by the Beaumonts, Panell-fee by the Paganels,
+Nevill-fee by the Nevills in Middle Rasen, &amp;c.&nbsp;
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1895, p. 19.&nbsp;
+There is a family named Parish at Horncastle but they are a
+modern importation.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22c"></a><a href="#citation22c"
+class="footnote">[22c]</a>&nbsp; Inquis. post mortem, 6 Edward
+III., held at Haltham, Sep. 21, 1333.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22d"></a><a href="#citation22d"
+class="footnote">[22d]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry
+III., 21 July, A.D. 1248.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iv. p. 120.&nbsp; This is repeated in a Final
+Concord of the same date between Silvester, Bishop of Carlisle,
+and other parties.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol.
+vii., p. 114.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22e"></a><a href="#citation22e"
+class="footnote">[22e]</a>&nbsp; Cottonian Charter, v., 61,
+quoted <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 245.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22f"></a><a href="#citation22f"
+class="footnote">[22f]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1896, pp. 254&ndash;257.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22g"></a><a href="#citation22g"
+class="footnote">[22g]</a>&nbsp; Court of Wards Inquis. post
+mortem, 3, 4 and 5 Ed. VI., vol. v., p. 91.&nbsp;
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1896, p. 258.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22h"></a><a href="#citation22h"
+class="footnote">[22h]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquis. post mortem, 20
+Henry VI., No. 25.&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1899, p. 257.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22i"></a><a href="#citation22i"
+class="footnote">[22i]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote22j"></a><a href="#citation22j"
+class="footnote">[22j]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 258.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24a"></a><a href="#citation24a"
+class="footnote">[24a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queues</i>, vols. i., p. 183, and ii., p. 219.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24b"></a><a href="#citation24b"
+class="footnote">[24b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. i, p. 47.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24c"></a><a href="#citation24c"
+class="footnote">[24c]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 27
+Edward III., No. 158.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24d"></a><a href="#citation24d"
+class="footnote">[24d]</a>&nbsp; Originalia Roll, 34 Edward III.,
+m. 35, A.D. 1360&ndash;1.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24e"></a><a href="#citation24e"
+class="footnote">[24e]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 41
+Edward III., No. 94.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote24f"></a><a href="#citation24f"
+class="footnote">[24f]</a>&nbsp; Inquis. post mortem, 10 James
+I., pt. i., No. 11.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote25a"></a><a href="#citation25a"
+class="footnote">[25a]</a>&nbsp; Chancery B. and A., James I.,
+R., r, 10, 1, 8 October, 1623.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote25b"></a><a href="#citation25b"
+class="footnote">[25b]</a>&nbsp; These details are all taken from
+Camden&rsquo;s <i>Britannia</i>, Gibson&rsquo;s Edition,
+1695.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote26a"></a><a href="#citation26a"
+class="footnote">[26a]</a>&nbsp; Chancellor&rsquo;s Roll, A.D.
+1201&ndash;2.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote26b"></a><a href="#citation26b"
+class="footnote">[26b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii., pp. 244&ndash;5.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27a"></a><a href="#citation27a"
+class="footnote">[27a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibidem</i>.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27b"></a><a href="#citation27b"
+class="footnote">[27b]</a>&nbsp; Camden&rsquo;s <i>Britannia</i>,
+p. 712.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27c"></a><a href="#citation27c"
+class="footnote">[27c]</a>&nbsp; Pipe Roll, 1160&ndash;1.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27d"></a><a href="#citation27d"
+class="footnote">[27d]</a>&nbsp; Pipe Roll, 1161&ndash;2.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27e"></a><a href="#citation27e"
+class="footnote">[27e]</a>&nbsp; Testa de Nevill, folio
+348.&nbsp; He also held the advowson of Mareham, which was
+transferred to the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of Horncastle, in
+1239 (Final Concords, p. 304) by his successor, William de
+Bavent.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27f"></a><a href="#citation27f"
+class="footnote">[27f]</a>&nbsp; Cathedral Charters (Calcewaith),
+folio 106 (a), quoted <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, No. xxvii, p. 14.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27g"></a><a href="#citation27g"
+class="footnote">[27g]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, 18 Ed. I., No. 34.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27h"></a><a href="#citation27h"
+class="footnote">[27h]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, 12 Ed. II., No. 22.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27i"></a><a href="#citation27i"
+class="footnote">[27i]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, 44 Ed. III., No. 32.&nbsp; These trustees were John Amery
+of Horncastle; Simon, Parson of Wilksby; John of Claxby
+Pluckacre; and others.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote27j"></a><a href="#citation27j"
+class="footnote">[27j]</a>&nbsp; De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII.,
+Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28a"></a><a href="#citation28a"
+class="footnote">[28a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1894, p. 190.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii., p. 204, vol. vii., p. 3.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28b"></a><a href="#citation28b"
+class="footnote">[28b]</a>&nbsp; Maddison&rsquo;s <i>Wills</i>,
+1st series, p. 360, No. 96.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28c"></a><a href="#citation28c"
+class="footnote">[28c]</a>&nbsp; Lansdown MS., British Museum,
+54, 62, &amp;c., quoted in <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i., p.
+118.&nbsp; In All Saint&rsquo;s Church at Theddlethorpe is a fine
+brass of an Angevin and his wife of the 16th century.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28d"></a><a href="#citation28d"
+class="footnote">[28d]</a>&nbsp; De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII.,
+Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28e"></a><a href="#citation28e"
+class="footnote">[28e]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, taken at Alford, April 28, 14 Henry VIII., A.D. 1522.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28f"></a><a href="#citation28f"
+class="footnote">[28f]</a>&nbsp; Bridge&rsquo;s <i>History of
+Northamptonshire</i>, quoted <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1879, p. 45, note.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote28g"></a><a href="#citation28g"
+class="footnote">[28g]</a>&nbsp; Patent I Ed. IV., pt. 2, m. 59,
+quoted <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i., p. 124.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29a"></a><a href="#citation29a"
+class="footnote">[29a]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition, 18 Henry
+VII., No. 34., taken at East Rasen, 26 Oct., 1502.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29b"></a><a href="#citation29b"
+class="footnote">[29b]</a>&nbsp; Commission of Peace, 13 July,
+1510, quoted <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, Jan. 1896, p.
+15.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29c"></a><a href="#citation29c"
+class="footnote">[29c]</a>&nbsp; Inquisition post mortem, 6 Henry
+VIII., 20 Jan., A.D. 1515.&nbsp; <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i,
+p. 221.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29d"></a><a href="#citation29d"
+class="footnote">[29d]</a>&nbsp; Circa A.D. 1536.&nbsp;
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1895, p. 14.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29e"></a><a href="#citation29e"
+class="footnote">[29e]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1894, p. 192.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29f"></a><a href="#citation29f"
+class="footnote">[29f]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1894, p. 215.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29g"></a><a href="#citation29g"
+class="footnote">[29g]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1894, p. 221.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29h"></a><a href="#citation29h"
+class="footnote">[29h]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1879.&nbsp; <i>Pedigree of Fitz-Williams</i>, p. 44,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; A Douglas Tyrwhitt of this family, daughter of
+George Tyrwhitt, Esq., in 1703 left a dole of 10/-, charged on
+land at Belchford, to the poor of Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote29i"></a><a href="#citation29i"
+class="footnote">[29i]</a>&nbsp; Patent Roll, 19 Elizabeth, pt.
+iv, m. 13, 2 May, 1577.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote30a"></a><a href="#citation30a"
+class="footnote">[30a]</a>&nbsp; Privately printed, from Burghley
+Papers, by Right Hon. Edward Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, 1892.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote30b"></a><a href="#citation30b"
+class="footnote">[30b]</a>&nbsp; Works of Thomas Becon, Parker
+Society, p. 480, note.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote30c"></a><a href="#citation30c"
+class="footnote">[30c]</a>&nbsp; Bishop Aldrich died at
+Horncastle in March, 1555, he was a distinguished graduate of
+King&rsquo;s College, Cambridge, Provost of Eton, a correspondent
+of the great Dutch scholar Erasmus; afterwards made Archdeacon of
+Colchester, Canon of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the
+Garter, and consecrated to the See of Carlisle 18 July, 1537.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote31a"></a><a href="#citation31a"
+class="footnote">[31a]</a>&nbsp; Exchequer Bills and Answers,
+Chas. I., Lincoln, No. 36.&nbsp; Among the charges brought
+against Rutland Snowden (as already stated elsewhere) one was,
+that, besides having aided the forces of the Parliament, he had
+more than one wife.&nbsp; The Snowden Arms are given in
+&ldquo;Yorks. Union of Honour,&rdquo; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iv., p. 16.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote31b"></a><a href="#citation31b"
+class="footnote">[31b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. i., p. 106.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote31c"></a><a href="#citation31c"
+class="footnote">[31c]</a>&nbsp; The valuable collections of Sir
+Joseph Banks are still carefully preserved at Revesby Abbey, and
+form in themselves almost a museum.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote32a"></a><a href="#citation32a"
+class="footnote">[32a]</a>&nbsp; Leland&rsquo;s
+<i>Collectanea</i>, 66, p. 300.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote32b"></a><a href="#citation32b"
+class="footnote">[32b]</a>&nbsp; The stables of John of
+Gaunt&rsquo;s House still exist adjoining the High Street.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote33a"></a><a href="#citation33a"
+class="footnote">[33a]</a>&nbsp; Quoted Weir&rsquo;s <i>History
+of Horncastle</i>, note p. 29, ed. 1820.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote33b"></a><a href="#citation33b"
+class="footnote">[33b]</a>&nbsp; On Saturday, next the Feast of
+the Conversion of St. Paul, 21 Jan., 1384&ndash;5, held by John
+de Feriby, Escheator of the King, in the County of Lincoln.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote34"></a><a href="#citation34"
+class="footnote">[34]</a>&nbsp; Most of these fragments were
+removed by Mr. Stanhope to Revesby Abbey.&nbsp; Two of them are
+preserved in the garden of Langton Rectory, near Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote36"></a><a href="#citation36"
+class="footnote">[36]</a>&nbsp; The origin of this Chantry is
+shewn by the following documents:&mdash;In the archives of
+Carlisle Cathedral is a copy, in Latin, of a Privy Seal State
+Paper, Domestic, vol. i, 5039, of date 5 May, 6 Henry VIII. (A.D.
+1514), slightly imperfect, but running thus: &ldquo;The King to
+all . . . greeting.&nbsp; Know that we, of our special grace . .
+. by these presents do grant . . . for us, our heirs and
+successors . . . to the devout woman, the Lady Margaret
+Copuldyke, widow, and Richard Clarke, tanner, of Horncastle, that
+they found a fraternity, or guild, to the honour of St.
+Katharine, and for the extending of divine teaching, in the
+Parish Church of the blessed Virgin of Horncastell, and mortain
+licence to acquire land of the annual value of 25 marks&rdquo;
+(&pound;16 15s. 4d.).&nbsp; Another document, a Chantry
+Certificate, Lincoln, No. 33 (55), Ed. VI. (1552), states that
+&ldquo;the Guild of St. Katharine, in Horncastell, was founded by
+<i>Joan</i> Copuldyke, widow, and others, with the intention that
+one Chaplain for ever, should celebrate divine services in the
+church, for the souls of the founder, and others; the profits of
+the land and possessions are received by the Alderman of the
+Guild.&rdquo;&nbsp; They are described as &ldquo;worth yearly
+&pound;13 8s. 8d., with fees, wages, rents and other reprises,
+&pound;7 15s. 3d.&nbsp; The clear value, reprises deducted,
+yearly, &pound;5 13s. 10d.,&rdquo; with &ldquo;goods, chattels
+and ornaments worth &pound;1 10s.&rdquo;&nbsp; It is to be
+observed that Gervase Holles says, that at the time of his visit,
+she was named &ldquo;Margaret,&rdquo; in a window then existing
+in the church.&nbsp; A Patent Roll, 3 Ed. VI., pt. 5, m. 4, gives
+various lands and tenements, with which this chantry was endowed,
+in Horncastle, Spilsby, Thornton and Roughton, occupied by about
+100 tenants; and states that all these were granted &ldquo;by the
+King to Robert Carr, gent., of Sleaford, and John Almond, their
+heirs and assigns.&rdquo;&nbsp; Witness, the King, at
+Westminster, 15 July, 1549.&nbsp; This is further confirmed by an
+Inquisition post mortem, 5 Eliz., pt. 1, No. 67.&nbsp; [This was
+&lsquo;in return for a payment by them of &pound;1,238 11s.
+10d.&rsquo;]&nbsp; Among the signatories to a declaration of the
+Royal supremacy (Lincoln Chapter Housebook, B. 3, 14, p. 39) are
+the names of Robt. James, Vicar of Horncastle Michel Whithed,
+Curate of Horncastle Hugh Doddington, &ldquo;Cantuarista&rdquo;
+of Horncastle (probably Chaplain of this Chantry).&nbsp; It was
+also served by Robert Geffrey in 1552.&nbsp; Chantry
+Certificates, Lincoln 33 (55).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote37a"></a><a href="#citation37a"
+class="footnote">[37a]</a>&nbsp; Harleian MS. No. 6829, p.
+241.&nbsp; In a window in the north aisle was the inscription
+&ldquo;Orate pro &aacute;i&rsquo;&acirc; Thom&aelig; Coppuldike
+armig., et D&rsquo;n&aelig; Margaret&aelig;, Consortis su&aelig;,
+fundatoria gild&aelig; cantar . . . fenestram fieri fecit.&nbsp;
+Ano D&rsquo;ni 1526.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the eastern window of the
+south aisle was the inscription &ldquo;Orate pro benefactoribus
+artis sutorum, qui istim fenestram fieri fecerunt.
+sc&rsquo;&aelig; Neman&aelig; cum sera et catena.&nbsp; Item
+S&rsquo;ci Crispinus et Crispinianus cum instrumentis
+calceariis.&rdquo;&nbsp; Here it is distinctly stated that a
+Guild of Shoemakers gave the window, and that Crispinus and
+Crispinianus the patron saints of shoemakers, were there
+represented.&nbsp; A note in the same MS. states that Frances,
+wife of Gervase Holles, died at Horncastle and was buried
+there.&nbsp; (These passages are quoted in Weir&rsquo;s
+<i>History of Horncastle</i>, pp. 30, 31, note, edition of
+1820).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote38"></a><a href="#citation38"
+class="footnote">[38]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Dee had formerly been a Clerk
+in Mr. Clitherow&rsquo;s office, as Solicitor.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote39a"></a><a href="#citation39a"
+class="footnote">[39a]</a>&nbsp; This was formerly the
+altar-piece below the east window of the chancel, before the
+present reredos was placed there, and dedicated at the Harvest
+Festival, 22 Sept., 1870.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote39b"></a><a href="#citation39b"
+class="footnote">[39b]</a>&nbsp; It may here be stated, that the
+former font was quite as good as the present one, octagonal in
+form, and of perpendicular design, in harmony with older portions
+of the church.&nbsp; It was, however, discarded at the
+restoration, and, for some time, hidden away among rubbish, but
+eventually presented to the restored church of the neighbouring
+parish of Belchford.&nbsp; The bowl of the present font is too
+small to answer the requirements of the Rubric, and is not in
+keeping with the architecture of the church.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote39c"></a><a href="#citation39c"
+class="footnote">[39c]</a>&nbsp; A Lectern, consisting of a large
+eagle, of cast iron, bronzed, on the model of one in St.
+Margaret&rsquo;s Church, Lynn, was presented by the late
+Prebendary Samuel Lodge, Rector of Scrivelsby.&nbsp; This is
+still preserved in the south chancel chapel.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote40a"></a><a href="#citation40a"
+class="footnote">[40a]</a>&nbsp; Walker in his <i>Sufferings of
+the Clergy</i> (1714) gives an account of Thomas Gibson, which we
+here abridge.&nbsp; Born at Keswick (in the diocese of Carlisle),
+he went to Queen&rsquo;s College, Oxford, was appointed Master of
+the Free School at Carlisle, there promoted to the similar post
+at Newcastle, and finally preferred by the Bishop of Carlisle to
+the Vicarage of Horncastle in 1634.&nbsp; In consequence of a
+sermon preached by him, at the Election for Convocation, he was
+seized, in 1643, and carried as a prisoner to Hull.&nbsp; Being
+released after four month&rsquo;s detention, and returning to
+Horncastle, he was charged with teaching &ldquo;ormanism&rdquo;
+(arminianism), and committed to the &ldquo;County Jail&rdquo; at
+Lincoln, a Presbyterian minister being appointed in his stead at
+Horncastle.&nbsp; In 1644 Colonel King, the Governor of Boston
+under the Parliament, ordered a party of horse to seize him
+(apparently having been released from Lincoln) and to plunder his
+house, but an old pupil, Lieut. Col. John Lillburn, interceded
+for him with his superior officer, Col. King, and the order was
+revoked.&nbsp; In the subsequent absence, however, of Lillburn in
+London, the order was repeated, and Mr. Gibson was made prisoner,
+his house plundered, and his saddle horse, draught horses, and
+oxen carried off.&nbsp; He was imprisoned at Boston, Lincoln and
+&ldquo;Tattors-Hall Castle,&rdquo; where he had &ldquo;very
+ill-usage for 17 weeks.&rdquo;&nbsp; He was sequestrated from his
+benefice and an &ldquo;intruder,&rdquo; named Obadiah How, put in
+charge.&nbsp; He was now accused of defending episcopacy,
+&ldquo;refusing the covenant,&rdquo; &amp;c.&nbsp; He retired to
+a &ldquo;mean house,&rdquo; about a mile from Horncastle,
+supposed to be at &ldquo;Nether (Low) Toynton,&rdquo; where he
+and his family &ldquo;lived but poorly for two years, teaching a
+few pupils.&rdquo;&nbsp; He was then appointed Master of the Free
+School at Newark, two years later removed to the school at
+Sleaford, being presented by Lady Carr.&nbsp; There he lived
+until the Restoration, and then resumed his Vicarage at
+Horncastle, until he died in 1678, aged 84.&nbsp; &ldquo;He was a
+grave and venerable person (says Walker), of a sober and regular
+conversation, and so studious of peace, that when any differences
+arose in his parish, he never rested till he had composed
+them.&nbsp; He had likewise so well principled his parish that,
+of 250 families in it, he left but one of them Dissenters at his
+death.&rdquo;&nbsp; (Walker&rsquo;s <i>Sufferings of the
+Clergy</i>, pt. ii, p. 252, Ed. 1714).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote40b"></a><a href="#citation40b"
+class="footnote">[40b]</a>&nbsp; There is an error in the date,
+which should be Oct. 11.&nbsp; Further, the term &ldquo;arch
+rebel&rdquo; is inappropriate, as Cromwell was, at that time,
+only a Colonel, far from having attained his later distinction;
+the term &ldquo;skirmish&rdquo; is also inadequate, as the
+Winceby battle was a decisive engagement, with important
+consequences.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote41a"></a><a href="#citation41a"
+class="footnote">[41a]</a>&nbsp; The origin of these scythes has
+of late years been a <i>vexata questio</i>.&nbsp; It has been
+suggested that they are not, as generally supposed, relics of the
+Parliamentary War, but of the earlier so-called &ldquo;Pilgrimage
+of Grace,&rdquo; or &ldquo;Lincolnshire Rising,&rdquo; a movement
+intended as a protest against certain abuses attending the
+Reformation, in the reign of Henry VIII.&nbsp; The evidence,
+however, gathered from various directions, would seem to be
+strongly corroborative of the old and more general opinion.&nbsp;
+History shows that, for many years, about the period of the
+Commonwealth, scythes were among the commonest, rude weapons of
+war.&nbsp; The artist Edgar Bundy, in his painting &ldquo;The
+morning of Edgemoor,&rdquo; recently (1905) purchased for the
+National Gallery by the Chantry Trustees, represents a soldier
+armed with a straight wooden-handled scythe.&nbsp; The battle of
+Edgemoor was fought Oct. 23, 1642, one year before that of
+Winceby.&nbsp; We have also contemporary testimony in the
+<i>Memoirs of the Verney Family</i> (vol. i, pp. 109&ndash;118
+and 315), members of which took part in the civil war of that
+period, that King Charles&rsquo; forces consisted largely of
+untrained peasants, &ldquo;ill-fed and clothed . . . having
+neither colours, nor halberts . . . many only rude pikes . . .
+few a musket.&rdquo;&nbsp; To such the scythes used in their farm
+labour would be handy weapons in emergency.&nbsp; As a parallel
+to these cases Sir Walter Scott, in his preface to <i>Rob
+Roy</i>, states that &ldquo;many of the followers of MacGregor,
+at the battle of Prestonpans (Sep. 21, 1745), were armed with
+scythe blades, set straight upon their handles, for want of guns
+and swords.&rdquo;&nbsp; It is not without interest to note, that
+about 60 years ago there were exhumed, on the farm above Langton
+Hill, in Horncastle, the remains of 6 bodies, lying buried in a
+row, with scythe blades beside them.&nbsp; It is known that
+skirmishes between Royalists and Roundheads took place in this
+locality, and it can hardly be doubted that these also were
+relics of the Winceby fight.&nbsp; The then tenant of the farm,
+Mr. Dobson (as the writer has been informed by his granddaughter,
+Mrs. H. Boulton of St. Mary&rsquo;s Square, Horncastle), carted
+these remains to the town and they were re-buried in the south
+side of St. Mary&rsquo;s Churchyard, while the scythes were added
+to those already in the church.&nbsp; An incident, which further
+confirms their connection with the Winceby fight, is that the
+present writer has in his possession a pair of spurs, which were
+found on the field of Winceby, remarkable for the long spikes of
+their rowels; and he himself once found the rowel of a spur, with
+similarly long spikes, within a few yards of where the bodies
+were discovered; and in the year 1905 he also examined several
+bones, pronounced by a doctor to be human, which were found near
+the same spot, while workmen were digging for the foundations of
+a house since erected there.&nbsp; On the other hand, as against
+the theory of the scythes having been used in the earlier
+&ldquo;Pilgrimage of Grace,&rdquo; we are distinctly told that
+the mobs concerned in that movement were deprived of all weapons
+before they could use them.&nbsp; In the Lincoln Chapter House
+books (c. i, 20, f 193) is a letter from Richard Cromwell, dated
+Oct. 29, 1586, which says that he, and Admiral Sir John Russell,
+went to Louth, where &ldquo;all the harness and weapons were
+seized, and conveyed to Lincoln,&rdquo; and that for the same
+purpose Mr. Bryan had been sent to Horncastle, and Mr. Brown to
+Market Rasen.&nbsp; On the whole, therefore, the preponderance of
+evidence is strongly in favour of the connection of all these
+scythes with the neighbouring Battle of Winceby&mdash;the
+original tradition.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote41b"></a><a href="#citation41b"
+class="footnote">[41b]</a>&nbsp; Weir, in his <i>History of
+Horncastle</i> gives the quarterings of these shields as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+<p>(1)&nbsp; Sable, 2 lions passant in pale, ducally crowned, or,
+Dymoke impaling Barry of 6 ermines, and gules, 3 crescents,
+sable, Waterton; a crescent for difference.</p>
+<p>(2)&nbsp; Dymoke impaling Vair&egrave;, on a fess, gules
+frett&egrave;, or.&nbsp; Marmyon, in chief, ermine, 5 fusils in
+fess, Hebden, a crescent for difference.</p>
+<p>(3)&nbsp; Argent, a sword erect, azure, hilt and pomel
+gules.</p>
+<p>(4)&nbsp; Dymoke impaling quarterly, gules and argent, a cross
+engrailed.&nbsp; Countercharged, Haydon, a crescent for
+difference.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote42a"></a><a href="#citation42a"
+class="footnote">[42a]</a>&nbsp; The only other theft from the
+church of which we have record, was when the vestry was broken
+into in December, 1812, and the money collected for parish
+purposes was stolen.&nbsp; A reward of &pound;50 was offered for
+information of the thief, but without result.&nbsp; (MS. notes by
+Mr. T. Overton in possession of Mr. John Overton, of
+Horncastle.)</p>
+<p><a name="footnote42b"></a><a href="#citation42b"
+class="footnote">[42b]</a>&nbsp; Details of these are given by
+Holles as follows:&mdash;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In fenestra
+Insul&aelig; Borealis</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><blockquote><p>&ldquo;Orate pro a&rsquo;ia
+Thom&aelig; Coppuldike Armig. &amp; D&rsquo;n&aelig;
+Margaret&aelig; Consortis su&aelig; fundatoris Gild&aelig; Cantar
+. . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni 1526.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In superiori
+fenestra Borealis Cancelli</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>&lsquo;Gules a lion passant
+guardant.&nbsp; Arg. . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>Sable, 3 flowres de lize betw: 6
+crosses botony fitchy Arg. . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>Gules, a cross sarcelly
+Arg.&rdquo; . . .</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+<td><blockquote><p style="text-align: right">Bec.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In fenestra
+Orientali Insul&aelig; Australis</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><blockquote><p>&ldquo;Orate pro benefactoribus
+artis sutorum, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt st&aelig;
+Ninian&aelig; cum cera et catena.&nbsp; Item sti Crispinus et
+Crispianus cum instrumentis calceariis.&rdquo;&nbsp; (N.B.&nbsp;
+The feminine is an error of Holles, as St. Ninian was a
+man.&nbsp; Collier&rsquo;s <i>History</i>, vol. i. p. 100).</p>
+</blockquote>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra
+Borealis superior</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Empaled</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Sa, 2 lions passant arg. crowned or.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Or, a lion rampant double queue sa.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Empaled</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Quarterly</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Arg. a chevron betw: 3 bulls passant sa.</p>
+<p>B. a fesse betw: 3 goats&rsquo; heads erased arg.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Tourney</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Quarterly</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Arg. a chevron gobony sa.</p>
+<p>Arg. on a bend g. 3 roses arg.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Quarterly</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. chevron betw: 3 griphons&rsquo; heads
+erased, g.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Tilney</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. 3 bars g. over all a bend engrailed,
+sa.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Ros</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Quarterly</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Quarterly or and g. a border sa bezanty.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Rockford</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. 3 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of
+flowres de lize</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p>Quarterly ermine and chequey or. and g.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Gipthorpe</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p>Arg. a chevron betw: 3 roses, g.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p>Taylboys &amp;c</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra
+Australis superior</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p>G. a fesse betw. 3 water bougets ermine</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">Meres</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Empaled.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Marchants Mark.</p>
+<p>Arg. on a Bend, G.&nbsp; 3 ferniers of the first</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<blockquote><p>Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri
+Fressheville de Stavely, in com. Derb. arm [ex priore uxore sua
+Ehzabetha filia Gervasii Clifton de Clifton, in com.&nbsp; Nott.
+Militis] et quondam uxor Gervasii Holles de Burgh in cum.
+Lincoln.&nbsp; Militis, cui peperit Freschvillum Holles, et
+Margaretam, gemellos, et Franciscum Holles filium juniorem.&nbsp;
+Obijt Horncastell.&nbsp; Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 241.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="footnote42c"></a><a href="#citation42c"
+class="footnote">[42c]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Sellwood lived in a house on
+the west side of the Market Place, now occupied by R. W.
+Clitherow, Esq., of a family long established in Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote44a"></a><a href="#citation44a"
+class="footnote">[44a]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Fretwell was Curate of
+Horncastle and Rector of Winceby, (<i>Directory of
+Horncastle</i>, 1791&ndash;2).&nbsp; He would appear to have
+been, for a time, in sole charge of Horncastle, as we find that
+on one occasion (Feb. 23, 1790) &ldquo;sensible of the distresses
+of the sick poor, he gave 1&frac12; g. from the communion money
+to be laid out in Salop sago and Bowen&rsquo;s sago powder, to be
+distributed at the discretion of the Faculty.&rdquo;&nbsp; (See
+account of the Dispensary.)</p>
+<p><a name="footnote44b"></a><a href="#citation44b"
+class="footnote">[44b]</a>&nbsp; The vault of Dr. Madeley is
+within the chancel rails, beneath the tablet.&nbsp; His son was
+an officer in the 68th Regiment of Foot, in which also a
+Horncastle man, named Walker, was sergeant.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote46"></a><a href="#citation46"
+class="footnote">[46]</a>&nbsp; There is still, in Westminster
+Abbey, a chantry named &ldquo;The Islip Chapel,&rdquo; which is
+used as a Robing room, at the consecration of the Bishops.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote50"></a><a href="#citation50"
+class="footnote">[50]</a>&nbsp; A List of Institutions given in
+<i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. v, p. 236 has the date of
+C. Monke&rsquo;s appointment, 24 Oct., 1558, and gives his
+predecessor as Henry Henshaw.&nbsp; In a previous notice
+(<i>Ibidem</i>, p. 201) the latter is given as Henry Henshoo.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote57a"></a><a href="#citation57a"
+class="footnote">[57a]</a>&nbsp; The patronage and manorial
+rights (as already stated) were transferred to the Bishop of
+Lincoln, on the death of the Bishop of Carlisle in 1856.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote57b"></a><a href="#citation57b"
+class="footnote">[57b]</a>&nbsp; We may add that Dr. Madely also
+left a bequest of &pound;50 towards a much needed church at
+Woodhall Spa; where through the energy of the Rev. H. Walter,
+Vicar of the parent parish of Woodhall St. Margaret, and Rector
+of Langton, the Church of St. Andrew was built before that of
+Holy Trinity, Horncastle, the foundation stone being laid by Sir
+H. Dymoke, April 2, 1846, and the consecration by Bishop Kaye
+taking place Sep. 14, 1847; the architect in this case also being
+Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston, a vicarage being built at the same
+time.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote59"></a><a href="#citation59"
+class="footnote">[59]</a>&nbsp; All the coloured windows are by
+Messrs. Clayton &amp; Bell.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote60"></a><a href="#citation60"
+class="footnote">[60]</a>&nbsp; The sister of the present writer,
+who was a brilliant pianist, frequently went to play to Mr.
+Clarke, and, as she touched the piano, he would rouse himself and
+take his flute and try to accompany her.&nbsp; It is not a little
+remarkable, that Mr. Clarke&rsquo;s widow, after a few years
+married again, a Medical Practitioner, near Windsor, and
+committed suicide by placing herself on the railway line, near
+that place, her mangled remains being afterwards found on the
+line.&nbsp; Whether her mind had been affected by her first
+husband&rsquo;s tragic death, who can say?</p>
+<p><a name="footnote61"></a><a href="#citation61"
+class="footnote">[61]</a>&nbsp; To show Mr. White&rsquo;s energy
+of character the writer may mention that he frequently, as a
+healthy diversion from his professional work, walked up to
+Langton Rectory before breakfast, and plied his spade in the
+garden, and then enjoyed a hearty breakfast with the Rector,
+returning to Horncastle in time for the daily service at 11
+a.m.&nbsp; As an instance of his kindly nature we may give the
+following: At Horncastle a poor girl was suffering from a
+&ldquo;white swelling&rdquo; in the knee.&nbsp; The doctor
+declared that her life could only be saved by the leg being
+amputated above the knee.&nbsp; She dreaded the operation, but
+consented, if Mr. White would support her in his arms during the
+process.&nbsp; He was greatly averse to painful scenes, but
+reluctantly consented.&nbsp; Those were not the days of
+an&aelig;sthetics, when such operations can be performed without
+the patients feeling it; but he said to her &ldquo;Let us
+pray,&rdquo; and while the doctors were at work they prayed so
+fervently that she was too much absorbed to notice what was
+done.&nbsp; At length she said, &ldquo;Dear Mr. White will they
+never begin?&rdquo;&nbsp; His reply was &ldquo;My good girl, your
+leg is off, and the Lord has spared you all the
+pain.&rdquo;&nbsp; She lived to be a strong healthy woman and
+always blessed the curate.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote62"></a><a href="#citation62"
+class="footnote">[62]</a>&nbsp; The writer had the privilege of
+visiting Mr. White at Jedburgh, and retaining his valued
+friendship through life, visiting him a short time before his
+death, and receiving many kindnesses from him.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote64"></a><a href="#citation64"
+class="footnote">[64]</a>&nbsp; The <i>Morning Post</i> of April
+8, 1889, referring to the death of Sir F. Gore Ouseley, says
+&ldquo;He was a member of an ancient Irish family . . . which
+gave to the world the Wellesleys, the Wesleys, and the Ouseleys,
+all springing from the same stock;&rdquo; all three names being
+only varied forms of the same.&nbsp; A clergyman, Rev. L. H.
+Wellesley Wesley, now of Folkestone, combines the two names.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote65"></a><a href="#citation65"
+class="footnote">[65]</a>&nbsp; Samuel Wesley, the father, was
+himself originally a dissenter, but afterwards conformed to the
+established church.&nbsp; He was appointed to the benefice of
+South Ormsby in 1699 and afterwards held the Rectory of Epworth,
+and that of Wroot.&nbsp; His eldest son, Samuel, born about 1692,
+was an Under Master in Westminster School for several years, and
+later became Head Master of the Grammar School at Tiverton, in
+Devonshire.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote66a"></a><a href="#citation66a"
+class="footnote">[66a]</a>&nbsp; This has been re-issued by Mr.
+A. C. Fifield, as No. 16 of &ldquo;The Simple Series,&rdquo; 6d.,
+1905.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote66b"></a><a href="#citation66b"
+class="footnote">[66b]</a>&nbsp; As a proof of his regard for the
+church we may quote his remark (given in <i>Christian Sects of
+the</i> 19<i>th century</i>, W. Pickering, 1850) &ldquo;The
+Church of England is the purest in Christendom.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote66c"></a><a href="#citation66c"
+class="footnote">[66c]</a>&nbsp; The first Conference was held in
+London at &ldquo;The Foundry,&rdquo; June 25, 1744.&nbsp; It
+consisted of only 10 persons, viz., the two brothers, John and
+Charles Wesley, three beneficed clergymen, John Hodges, Rector of
+Wenvo, Henry Piers, Vicar of Bexley, Samuel Taylor, Vicar of
+Quinton, and John Meriton, with four Methodist preachers, viz.,
+John Downes, John Bennett, Thomas Richards and Thomas
+Maxfield.&nbsp; At this gathering &ldquo;The Rules of a
+Helper&rdquo; were adopted, which form to this day a part of the
+&ldquo;discipline&rdquo; enjoined on Wesleyan Ministers.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote68a"></a><a href="#citation68a"
+class="footnote">[68a]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Carr Brackenbury died August
+11, 1818, aged 65, and the <i>Stamford Mercury</i> of the time
+says of him, &ldquo;He powerfully and eloquently preached the
+glad tidings of the gospel during many years, in numerous
+Wesleyan Chapels, in various parts of the kingdom.&nbsp; He had
+previously to his intimacy with Wesley been a celebrated
+character on the turf.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote68b"></a><a href="#citation68b"
+class="footnote">[68b]</a>&nbsp; The aged son of the last named
+is still (1905) living at Alford, and several grandsons are
+dispersed about the country.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote70a"></a><a href="#citation70a"
+class="footnote">[70a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Horncastle News</i>, August
+31, 1907.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote70b"></a><a href="#citation70b"
+class="footnote">[70b]</a>&nbsp; The first Sunday School was held
+in the British School (later the Drill Hall) east of the Wong,
+from 1812 to 1848.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote71a"></a><a href="#citation71a"
+class="footnote">[71a]</a>&nbsp; We may add that at the time of
+writing (1905) a Wesleyan Church House is about to be erected in
+Westminster, a fine building in the Renaissance style of
+architecture, which is to cost &pound;140,000, the firm of
+Lanchester &amp; Richards being contractors for the work.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote71b"></a><a href="#citation71b"
+class="footnote">[71b]</a>&nbsp; In addition to the authorities
+already named, we are indebted for much of the information here
+given to an account by Mr. Watson Joll, in the <i>Methodist
+Recorder</i> of Aug. 27, 1903, and to an article by the late Mr.
+W. Pacy, in the <i>Lincoln Gazette</i> of Aug. 20, 1898.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote71c"></a><a href="#citation71c"
+class="footnote">[71c]</a>&nbsp; <i>Religious Worship in England
+and Wales</i>, by H. Mann, from the census of 1851.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote72"></a><a href="#citation72"
+class="footnote">[72]</a>&nbsp; Within comparatively recent times
+a Primitive Chapel at Thimbleby was commonly called &ldquo;The
+Ranters&rdquo; Chapel.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote73"></a><a href="#citation73"
+class="footnote">[73]</a>&nbsp; <i>Life of the Venerable Hugh
+Bourne</i>, by Rev. Jesse Ashworth, 1888; also <i>History of the
+Primitive Methodist Connexion</i>, by Rev. H. B. Kendall,
+B.A.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote74"></a><a href="#citation74"
+class="footnote">[74]</a>&nbsp; <i>The Venerable William
+Clowes</i>, a sketch, by Thomas Guttery.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote78"></a><a href="#citation78"
+class="footnote">[78]</a>&nbsp; In connection with Robert
+Brown&rsquo;s writings it may be of interest to note, that in the
+year 1907, an American scholar, Mr. Champlin Burrage, of the
+Newton Theological Institution, of Massachusetts, discovered in
+the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, a hitherto unpublished
+work, in MS., entitled <i>The Retraction of Robert Brown</i>;
+which the author himself describes as &ldquo;A reproofe of
+certeine schismatical persons and their doctrine touching the
+hearing and preaching of the Word of God.&rdquo;&nbsp; This was
+written about the year 1588.&nbsp; It has now been published by
+permission of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Oxford University
+Press, 2/6 net), and is described by the editor as &ldquo;a sane
+and broad-minded&rdquo; production.&nbsp; [<i>Guardian
+Newspaper</i>, June 19, 1907.]</p>
+<p><a name="footnote80a"></a><a href="#citation80a"
+class="footnote">[80a]</a>&nbsp; These particulars are gathered
+from the volume <i>Christian Sects of the</i> 19<i>th
+century</i>, published by W. Pickering, 1850.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote80b"></a><a href="#citation80b"
+class="footnote">[80b]</a>&nbsp; Mann&rsquo;s <i>Religious
+Worship in England and Wales</i>, from the census of 1851.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote80c"></a><a href="#citation80c"
+class="footnote">[80c]</a>&nbsp; Only two copies of this pamphlet
+are known to exist; one in the Library at Revesby Abbey; the
+other is in the possession of Mr. C. M. Hodgett, of Horncastle,
+an officer of the chapel, having been given to him by Miss
+Frances Robinson, a relative, presumably, of the author
+&ldquo;W.R.,&rdquo; otherwise William Robinson.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote80d"></a><a href="#citation80d"
+class="footnote">[80d]</a>&nbsp; Letter of Rev. J. G. Crippen, of
+The Congregational Library Memorial Hall, London, Dec., 1858.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82"
+class="footnote">[82]</a>&nbsp; A fuller notice of Rev. T. Lord
+appears on page 89.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote84a"></a><a href="#citation84a"
+class="footnote">[84a]</a>&nbsp; Written in prison, A.D.
+1675.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote84b"></a><a href="#citation84b"
+class="footnote">[84b]</a>&nbsp; Under what was called &ldquo;The
+Five Mile Act.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote84c"></a><a href="#citation84c"
+class="footnote">[84c]</a>&nbsp; The chapel generally regarded as
+the oldest in the kingdom is that at Highthorne, in Kent, which
+dates from 1650.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote84d"></a><a href="#citation84d"
+class="footnote">[84d]</a>&nbsp; There is a tradition that there
+was a chapel near the watermill, but this was probably only a
+room retained for the convenience of those who were
+&ldquo;dipped&rdquo; in the pit.&nbsp; Under date, Aug. 7, 1889,
+it is recorded, as though a novel event, that at a special
+service in the evening, the Lay Pastor, Mr. W. P. Milns,
+performed the ceremony of baptism, by immersion, in the chapel,
+the baptized being an adult, <i>Horncastle News</i>, August 10,
+1889.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote85a"></a><a href="#citation85a"
+class="footnote">[85a]</a>&nbsp; In 1876 the Horncastle Baptists
+joined the &ldquo;Notts., Derby and Lincoln Union,&rdquo; which
+proved a great help to them.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote85b"></a><a href="#citation85b"
+class="footnote">[85b]</a>&nbsp; Among those present were Rev. M.
+C. Mason from Tura, Assam, British India, a member of the
+American Missionary Union; Pasteur Saillens, of the French
+Baptist community; Dr. B. D. Gray of Georgia, U.S.A.; as well as
+delegates from Russia and Japan.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote91"></a><a href="#citation91"
+class="footnote">[91]</a>&nbsp; For further information as to the
+origin of the school see <i>addendum</i> at the end of this
+chapter.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote92a"></a><a href="#citation92a"
+class="footnote">[92a]</a>&nbsp; &ldquo;Comorants,&rdquo; this is
+the Latin &ldquo;Commorantes,&rdquo; meaning &ldquo;temporarily
+resident.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote92b"></a><a href="#citation92b"
+class="footnote">[92b]</a>&nbsp; Lord Clinton was 9th in descent
+from John de Clinton, of Armington and Maxlock, Co.
+Warwick.&nbsp; He was born in 1512; married Elizabeth, daughter
+of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert, Lord Tailbois.&nbsp; He
+was made Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln, Governor of
+the Tower of London, had been already granted the Manor and
+Castle of Tattershall by Ed. VI. and was created Earl of Lincoln
+by Elizabeth in 1572, a title still held by his descendants, now
+Dukes of Newcastle.&nbsp; He died January 16, 1584, and was
+buried in St. George&rsquo;s Chapel, Windsor.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote92c"></a><a href="#citation92c"
+class="footnote">[92c]</a>&nbsp; It has already been stated that
+lands were given by John Neale in 1575; and by will dated Feb. 7,
+1692, Mr. Nicholas Shipley bequeathed &pound;100 to assist poor
+scholars, but this was lost by the Treasurer, in 1703.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote92d"></a><a href="#citation92d"
+class="footnote">[92d]</a>&nbsp; By an apparently irregular
+proceeding, the land in Thornton was in 1704, transferred to the
+Hon. Lewis Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Champion of England.&nbsp; In
+1811 the Governors decided to have their rights in this matter
+investigated.&nbsp; Application was made to the Champion for an
+explanation of the transaction.&nbsp; The case was submitted to
+the Charity Commissioners, no reply however was ever received
+from the Champion, and after a delay of 25 years, the matter was
+allowed to drop.&nbsp; The &pound;12 a year paid in lieu of the
+former land does not seem to be an equivalent for the original
+gift.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote93"></a><a href="#citation93"
+class="footnote">[93]</a>&nbsp; The present writer has a copy of
+this work.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote94"></a><a href="#citation94"
+class="footnote">[94]</a>&nbsp; This grant amounted in 1903 to
+&pound;60 19s.&nbsp; The income for that year, apart from the
+grant, was &pound;256 11s. 4d.; fees of pupils amounting to
+&pound;263 10s.; school expenses &pound;473 3s. 8d.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote95a"></a><a href="#citation95a"
+class="footnote">[95a]</a>&nbsp; Among those, formerly connected
+with the school, who contributed to this Magazine, were the late
+Head Master, Canon S. Lodge; the Senior Governor, Dr. R. Jalland;
+A. C. Clapin, a whilome French pupil in the days of Dr. Smith,
+who was son of an officer in the army of Napoleon I.; and the
+present writer, who wrote School Reminiscences.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote95b"></a><a href="#citation95b"
+class="footnote">[95b]</a>&nbsp; To the credit and honour of Dr.
+Smith, he brought his aged father and mother, the former being
+blind, to Horncastle, and provided for them in their old
+age.&nbsp; They resided in a small cottage, close to his own
+house, now adjoining the Great Northern Hotel.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote99a"></a><a href="#citation99a"
+class="footnote">[99a]</a>&nbsp; The writer possesses a copy of
+this, given to him by the author.&nbsp; He has also a 1st class
+prize, a book, signed by J. B. Smith and F. Grosvenor as 1st and
+2nd masters.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote99b"></a><a href="#citation99b"
+class="footnote">[99b]</a>&nbsp; His practice was always to close
+the school with these words.&nbsp; When the boys were let out for
+10 minutes, to freshen up in the school yard, as was done at
+11.30 every morning, the expression was varied to &ldquo;exire
+licet.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote99c"></a><a href="#citation99c"
+class="footnote">[99c]</a>&nbsp; Among the tasks set us to do by
+ourselves between Saturday morning and Monday, were theses on
+various subjects, or original verses, on some chosen theme; the
+writer still possesses several of these, of varied merit.&nbsp;
+They taught us, however, the careful use of words.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote100a"></a><a href="#citation100a"
+class="footnote">[100a]</a>&nbsp; The ringing of this bell was
+given up a few years ago, as the Governors decided not to pay for
+it.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote100b"></a><a href="#citation100b"
+class="footnote">[100b]</a>&nbsp; The veteran, Mr. Thomas Baker,
+the friend of the champion cricketer, Dr. W. G. Grace, and the
+trainer of Sir Evelyn Wood, had not yet arrived at Horncastle,
+which he did a few years later, to put life and energy into our
+cricketers.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote106a"></a><a href="#citation106a"
+class="footnote">[106a]</a>&nbsp; By Rev. T. P. Brocklehurst,
+Vicar of that parish, 1901.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote106b"></a><a href="#citation106b"
+class="footnote">[106b]</a>&nbsp; As a similar instance to that
+named in the text, the school at Kingston on Thames is now called
+&ldquo;Queen Elizabeth&rsquo;s,&rdquo; but it was founded by
+Bishop Edington, in 1364.&nbsp; It may here be mentioned that the
+grammar school of Bruton, Somerset, which was originally founded
+in 1519, was re-established by Edward VI., &ldquo;by letters
+patent, dated June 20, 1549, Corpus Christi day,&rdquo; on which
+day the Governors, Masters, and Scholars still attend a special
+commemoration service in the Parish Church.&nbsp;
+(<i>Guardian</i>, August 2, 1905, p. 1,287.)</p>
+<p><a name="footnote106c"></a><a href="#citation106c"
+class="footnote">[106c]</a>&nbsp; Full details of these
+appointments are given in a Paper, by Mr. A. F. Leach, author of
+<i>English Schools at the Reformation</i>, for the <i>Gazette of
+the Old Bostonian Club</i>, which is reprinted in the Journal of
+the Lincolnshire Architectural Society, vol. xxvi, pt. ii, pp.
+398 et seq, 1902.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote108a"></a><a href="#citation108a"
+class="footnote">[108a]</a>&nbsp; The firm of Handley were
+Solicitors, of Sleaford.&nbsp; Their recent representative was a
+member of the Banking Company of Peacock, Handley &amp; Co. Henry
+Handley, Esq., represented South Lincolnshire in Parliament
+during 9 years, after the passing of the Reform Bill, dying in
+1846, much regretted, after a long illness.&nbsp; As a memorial
+of his public services a statue of him was erected in the main
+street of Sleaford in 1851, costing upward of &pound;1,000.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote108b"></a><a href="#citation108b"
+class="footnote">[108b]</a>&nbsp; The Swallows were a well-to-do
+family in Horncastle, living in the same part of the town as Mr.
+Watson, and the Coningtons.&nbsp; Members of it, within memory,
+have been farmers, nurserymen, victuallers, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote110a"></a><a href="#citation110a"
+class="footnote">[110a]</a>&nbsp; This particular plot of ground,
+sometimes called &ldquo;fool thing,&rdquo; is named in various
+other ancient documents connected with Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote110b"></a><a href="#citation110b"
+class="footnote">[110b]</a>&nbsp; The Governors at this date were
+John Thorold, M.D., Horncastle; Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, Roughton;
+Rev. William Boawre Coningsby; Robert Cole, Horncastle, gent;
+Benjamin Stephenson, Mareham-le-Fen, gent; Richard Heald,
+Horncastle, gent; Rev. John Wheeler, Mareham-le-Fen; Simon Draper
+and William Hirst Simpson, Horncastle; Francis Conington,
+Residuary Devisee; and Joseph Mowbound, Horncastle, clerk.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote111"></a><a href="#citation111"
+class="footnote">[111]</a>&nbsp; Weir&rsquo;s <i>History of
+Horncastle</i>, 1820, pp. 41, 42.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote112a"></a><a href="#citation112a"
+class="footnote">[112a]</a>&nbsp; Professor Walter&rsquo;s
+<i>History of England</i>, vol. vii., pp. 454&ndash;6.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote112b"></a><a href="#citation112b"
+class="footnote">[112b]</a>&nbsp; This date is definitely fixed
+by the fact that the fittings of the school were sold by auction
+early in the following year (1877), among them being a desk,
+still in use, to the present writer&rsquo;s knowledge, in a
+neighbouring village school.&nbsp; The premises were afterwards
+purchased by the late Mr. Alfred Healy, for a corn store, and
+they are now the warehouse of Messrs. Carlton &amp; Sons,
+Chemists, of High Street.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote112c"></a><a href="#citation112c"
+class="footnote">[112c]</a>&nbsp; The efficiency of the present
+church schools is testified to by the Report of the Government
+Inspector, in July, 1905, as follows: &ldquo;Staff adequate,
+teaching energetic, boys and girls.&nbsp; The new library should
+be a great benefit.&nbsp; Infants, brisk and kind discipline;
+teaching bright and thorough.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote113a"></a><a href="#citation113a"
+class="footnote">[113a]</a>&nbsp; The Right Hon. George Joachim
+Goschen, afterwards Viscount Goschen.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote113b"></a><a href="#citation113b"
+class="footnote">[113b]</a>&nbsp; 53 and 54 Victoria, chap.
+60.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote114a"></a><a href="#citation114a"
+class="footnote">[114a]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Mallet was afterwards
+assisted by Mr. Sydney N. Hawling, clerk to Mr. H. W. Kemp,
+Chemist, and also by Miss M. E. Edgar.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote114b"></a><a href="#citation114b"
+class="footnote">[114b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Horncastle News</i>, Sept.
+19, 1896.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote115"></a><a href="#citation115"
+class="footnote">[115]</a>&nbsp; Miss Foster was an enthusiast in
+all her work, and being a cyclist she explored the country for
+many miles round Horncastle to collect fossils, besides making
+excursions into other counties, thus obtaining a valuable
+collection of specimens.&nbsp; The writer possesses a copy of
+these lectures, which are remarkable for their fulness and
+precision.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote120a"></a><a href="#citation120a"
+class="footnote">[120a]</a>&nbsp; The Rev. John Fretwell was
+Rector of Winceby, and began his ministry in Horncastle, June
+24th, 1782, and was Curate under the Vicars, Revs. James Fowler
+and Joseph Robinson.&nbsp; He would appear to have possessed a
+private income beyond his official stipend.&nbsp; He was
+probably, for some time, in sole charge of the cure, as we find
+him disposing of some of the &ldquo;communion money,&rdquo; for
+the benefit of the Dispensary, as recorded in a subsequent page
+of this chapter.&nbsp; There is a tablet of black marble on the
+north wall of the chancel, in St. Mary&rsquo;s Church, in memory
+of Elizabeth, his first wife, who died Dec. 4th, 1784, and also
+of his infant son by his second wife), Matthew Harold, who died
+Sept. 19th, 1786.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote120b"></a><a href="#citation120b"
+class="footnote">[120b]</a>&nbsp; This was the house now occupied
+by Dr. H. A. Howes, 30, West Street; and the writer may add,
+that, within his own memory, while the house was occupied by a
+later tenant, Mr. Jason Alison, a poor lunatic, probably a
+survival of Dr. Harrison&rsquo;s asylum, was kept chained to the
+kitchen fireplace.&nbsp; Such treatment would now be impossible,
+but parallel cases are on record in the neighbourhood.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote122"></a><a href="#citation122"
+class="footnote">[122]</a>&nbsp; Dr. E. Jenner made his first
+experiment in 1796, announced his success in 1798, and the
+practice became general in 1799.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote124"></a><a href="#citation124"
+class="footnote">[124]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Macarthur was the most
+indefatigable and efficient dispenser up to that time; the
+Governors more than once passing a vote of thanks for his
+services, raising his salary, or presenting him with a
+cheque.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote127"></a><a href="#citation127"
+class="footnote">[127]</a>&nbsp; Weir, in his <i>History of
+Horncastle</i>, says that lime, manure, and road material were
+charged half rates.&nbsp; This was in 1828.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote128"></a><a href="#citation128"
+class="footnote">[128]</a>&nbsp; We refer to an admirable Paper,
+read before the Society of Arts, London, by Mr. Buckley, C.S.I.,
+Feb. 15th, 1906.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote129a"></a><a href="#citation129a"
+class="footnote">[129a]</a>&nbsp; See a very interesting volume,
+<i>Our Waterways</i>, by Urquhart A. Forbes and W. H. R.
+Ashford.&nbsp; Murray, London, 1906.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote133"></a><a href="#citation133"
+class="footnote">[133]</a>&nbsp; Garnier&rsquo;s <i>Annals of
+British Peasantry</i>, 1895.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134a"></a><a href="#citation134a"
+class="footnote">[134a]</a>&nbsp; As an instance of this the
+Horncastle Union comprises 69 parishes.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134b"></a><a href="#citation134b"
+class="footnote">[134b]</a>&nbsp; These books were inspected by
+the present writer a few years ago, although now (1906) supposed
+to be lost.&nbsp; In the account of Thimbleby, given in the
+appendix to this volume, instances are given of various forms of
+relief to paupers, in coals, shoes, petticoats, &amp;c., but
+always on condition that they attended the church services
+regularly, otherwise such relief was forfeited.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134c"></a><a href="#citation134c"
+class="footnote">[134c]</a>&nbsp; In some parts of the country
+&ldquo;black bread,&rdquo; made of oatmeal, was in use, among the
+humbler classes, as late as in 1850.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134d"></a><a href="#citation134d"
+class="footnote">[134d]</a>&nbsp; This had been forestalled as
+early as in the reign of Edward I.; a Pipe Roll dated 12 Edward
+I. (A.D. 1284) shows that a payment of 60 shillings was made for
+a common oven, rented of the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of the
+Manor.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. iv, p.
+237.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134e"></a><a href="#citation134e"
+class="footnote">[134e]</a>&nbsp; The older ones among us will
+remember that in the days of our grandmothers the spinning wheel
+was usually to be seen in the boudoir, or drawing room.&nbsp; A
+common shrub of our hedgerows and copses is the spindle tree
+(euonymus europeus), so named because of its compact, yet light,
+wood was made the spindle of the spinster.&nbsp; An old MS., kept
+by Sarah Cleveland, shows how not only the poor but ladies of all
+ranks, like the Homeric Penelope and her maidens, practised
+spinning; the younger with a view to providing a marriage portion
+for themselves; whence, until marriage, they were called
+&ldquo;spinsters,&rdquo; a term still in use.&nbsp; [Berenden
+Letters of William Ward and his family, of Berenden, Kent,
+1758&ndash;1821, edited by C. F. Hardy.&nbsp; Dent &amp; Co.,
+1901.]&nbsp; It may be here mentioned that the ancient building
+in Boston named Shodfriars&rsquo; Hall, was formerly a spinning
+school.&nbsp; In the Parish Register of Wispington, in this
+neighbourhood, not only is the female mentioned as
+&ldquo;spinster,&rdquo; but the male is called
+&ldquo;weaver,&rdquo; and in the adjoining parish of Woodhall
+there is a &ldquo;weavers&rsquo; close,&rdquo; part of which is
+named &ldquo;tailors&rsquo; garth,&rdquo; in the same connection,
+and the present parish clerk&rsquo;s grandmother, a Mrs.
+Oldfield, had herself a hand loom; and in the parish of Minting
+weaving is known to have been carried on extensively, an
+informant telling the present writer that his grandmother had a
+hand loom, see <i>Records of Woodhall Spa</i>, &amp;c., under
+Minting, by the author.&nbsp; In Horncastle a weaver, named
+Keeling, formerly occupied the premises now the
+bookseller&rsquo;s shop of Mr. Hugh Wilson; another lived in the
+house, 3, North Street, now occupied by Mr. G. Walkley.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134f"></a><a href="#citation134f"
+class="footnote">[134f]</a>&nbsp; The members of this committee
+are given as Rev. Jas.&nbsp; Fowler (Vicar), Joshua Towne (a
+well-known clock maker, whose clocks are still valued), Geo.
+Heald (gent), James Watson, William Maddison, Robert Boulton,
+John Spraggings, Francis Rockliffe, and Joshua Vickers
+(hatter).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote134g"></a><a href="#citation134g"
+class="footnote">[134g]</a>&nbsp; In digging to lay the
+foundations of the building, a considerable number of ancient
+jars were exhumed, which passed subsequently into the possession
+of the Chaplain, the late Rev. E. M. Chapman, Rector of Low
+Toynton.&nbsp; After disappearing for some years, several of
+these were sold in 1905.&nbsp; They are supposed to be Cyprus
+ware.&nbsp; The present writer has three of them, others have
+been presented to different museums, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote135"></a><a href="#citation135"
+class="footnote">[135]</a>&nbsp; The only town constable at that
+time was a feeble old man (it was said) a former smuggler.&nbsp;
+He afterwards retired from this post, for which he was unfitted,
+and became host of the Lord Nelson Inn, close by the former scene
+of his duties.&nbsp; We may add that the sign of this inn, a good
+portrait of Nelson, was the work of the artist Northouse.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote140"></a><a href="#citation140"
+class="footnote">[140]</a>&nbsp; &pound;300 was borrowed Nov.
+19th, 1901.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote142a"></a><a href="#citation142a"
+class="footnote">[142a]</a>&nbsp; Robert Whelpton, the father of
+George, who was also a shoemaker, used to relate that he made
+shoes for Sir John Franklin, before he went out as Governor of
+Tasmania.&nbsp; Sir John, a native of Spilsby, was brother-in-law
+of Mr. Henry Selwood, who lived in the house on the west side of
+the Market Place, now occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, which
+would be opposite Whelpton&rsquo;s shop.&nbsp; Sir John was
+Governor of Tasmania 1836&ndash;1842.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote142b"></a><a href="#citation142b"
+class="footnote">[142b]</a>&nbsp; William Thomas Whelpton took as
+a residence 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regent&rsquo;s Park, London;
+and Henry Robert Whelpton resided in Upton Park, Slough.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote142c"></a><a href="#citation142c"
+class="footnote">[142c]</a>&nbsp; While at Derby he revisited
+Horncastle, driving over in a hired carriage, with pair of
+horses, and it is said that a local wag, seeing his carriage in
+the Bull Hotel yard, wrote upon it with chalk:</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Who would have thought it,<br />
+That pills could have bought it?&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="footnote143a"></a><a href="#citation143a"
+class="footnote">[143a]</a>&nbsp; His wife&rsquo;s maiden name
+was Barber.&nbsp; She was, by profession, a lady&rsquo;s stay
+maker, and occupied a house standing on the site of the present
+Church National School.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote143b"></a><a href="#citation143b"
+class="footnote">[143b]</a>&nbsp; The inscription on the houses
+states that they were erected by George Whelpton, of 1, Albeit
+Road, Regent&rsquo;s Park, London, in 1861, in memory of his wife
+Elizabeth, who died Dec. 11, 1859.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote145"></a><a href="#citation145"
+class="footnote">[145]</a>&nbsp; The present writer still has in
+his possession, as a cherished heirloom, the sword and sash of
+his grandfather, the owner of Tanshelf House, Pontefract, as well
+as of residences at Lofthouse and Methley.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote146"></a><a href="#citation146"
+class="footnote">[146]</a>&nbsp; Similarly the present writer has
+a photograph of an uncle, who was an officer of yeomanry in 1804,
+and lived to join the modern yeomanry in 1860.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote155"></a><a href="#citation155"
+class="footnote">[155]</a>&nbsp; <i>Illustrated Police News</i>,
+Aug. 18th, 1883,</p>
+<p><a name="footnote159"></a><a href="#citation159"
+class="footnote">[159]</a>&nbsp; The <i>Boston Guardian</i> in an
+obituary notice said &ldquo;all who knew him esteemed him,&rdquo;
+and the <i>Horncastle News</i> said &ldquo;There is gone from
+among us one of nature&rsquo;s true gentlemen.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote160"></a><a href="#citation160"
+class="footnote">[160]</a>&nbsp; This ready mode of disolving the
+bond of wedlock was not uncommon in former times, but a similar
+case is recorded as having occurred in or near Scarborough in
+recent years, and in November 1898 a case came before Mr. Justice
+Kekewich, in the Chancery Court, of a man, before leaving for
+Australia, having sold his wife for &pound;250.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote162"></a><a href="#citation162"
+class="footnote">[162]</a>&nbsp; For these details, as well as
+many others, I am indebted to family records in the possession of
+the late Mr. John Overton, which I have had the privilege of
+consulting on many occasions.&nbsp; J.C.W.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote165"></a><a href="#citation165"
+class="footnote">[165]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Isaac Taylor in his <i>Words
+and Places</i> (p. 201, ed. 1873), says &ldquo;I cannot discover
+any indication of the place where the Lincolnshire
+&lsquo;Thing&rsquo; (the Saxon &lsquo;County Council&rsquo;)
+assembled, unless it was at Thimbleby or Legbourne.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+There are, however, several parishes containing the element
+&ldquo;thing&rdquo; in their field names; for instance there is
+one in Welton near Lincoln; there is a Candlesby Thyng, a
+Norcotes Thyng, and Ravenworth Thyng, named in a Chancery
+Inquisition, 20 Henry VII., No. 133, &amp;c.&nbsp;
+(<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1895, p.
+38.)&nbsp; These were probably the localities where smaller
+parish meetings were held.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote166a"></a><a href="#citation166a"
+class="footnote">[166a]</a>&nbsp; A superior tenant, holding
+under Bishop Odo, was a rather important man in the county,
+frequently mentioned in documents of the period, as Alan of
+Lincoln.&nbsp; He also held lands in Langton and other parishes
+in the neighbourhood.&nbsp; (Survey of Lindsey, Cotton MS.,
+British Museum.&nbsp; Claudius, c. 5.&nbsp; A.D.
+1114&ndash;1118.)</p>
+<p><a name="footnote166b"></a><a href="#citation166b"
+class="footnote">[166b]</a>&nbsp; Notices of Hagworthingham.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote166c"></a><a href="#citation166c"
+class="footnote">[166c]</a>&nbsp; Albemarle, or Aumarle, was a
+town in Normandy, now called Aumale, whence the Duc d&rsquo;
+Aumale, of the Royal family of France, takes his title.&nbsp;
+Probably the Earl put in a claim for this demesne indirectly,
+because (as already stated) Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, was
+sister of Bishop Odo, the former Lord of Thimbleby.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote166d"></a><a href="#citation166d"
+class="footnote">[166d]</a>&nbsp; The Gaunts took their name from
+Gande, now Ghent, in Flanders.&nbsp; Gilbert was the son of
+Baldwyn, Earl of Flanders, whose sister was married to William
+the Conqueror.&nbsp; He was thus nephew to the Conqueror&rsquo;s
+consort.&nbsp; He held 113 manors in Lincolnshire besides many
+others elsewhere.&nbsp; Both he and his son Walter largely
+endowed Bardney Abbey.&nbsp; The name of Gaunt still survives in
+our neighbourhood.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote166e"></a><a href="#citation166e"
+class="footnote">[166e]</a>&nbsp; Notes on Bolingbroke,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote167a"></a><a href="#citation167a"
+class="footnote">[167a]</a>&nbsp; Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 31
+Edward I.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote167b"></a><a href="#citation167b"
+class="footnote">[167b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1897, p. 52.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote167c"></a><a href="#citation167c"
+class="footnote">[167c]</a>&nbsp; It may be nothing more than an
+accidental coincidence that the name of Bartholomew occurs in the
+Thimbleby Register in modern times.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote167d"></a><a href="#citation167d"
+class="footnote">[167d]</a>&nbsp; These charters belong to the
+Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, by whom they were
+communicated to <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. v, No.
+38, April, 1897.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote168a"></a><a href="#citation168a"
+class="footnote">[168a]</a>&nbsp; Harleian Charter, British
+Museum, 43 G, 52, B.M.&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>,
+Oct., 1898, p. 244.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote168b"></a><a href="#citation168b"
+class="footnote">[168b]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem 6 Ed. III.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote168c"></a><a href="#citation168c"
+class="footnote">[168c]</a>&nbsp; Chancery Inquisition post
+mortem, 34 Ed. III., and notes thereon, <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1896, p. 257.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote168d"></a><a href="#citation168d"
+class="footnote">[168d]</a>&nbsp; Court of Wards Inquisition, 3,
+4, 5 Ed. VI., vol. 5, p. 91.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote169a"></a><a href="#citation169a"
+class="footnote">[169a]</a>&nbsp; Harleian Charter, British
+Museum, 56 B, 49 B.M.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote169b"></a><a href="#citation169b"
+class="footnote">[169b]</a>&nbsp; Myntlyng MS. of Spalding
+Priory, folio 7 b.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote170a"></a><a href="#citation170a"
+class="footnote">[170a]</a>&nbsp; At the time of the Norman
+Conquest, according to Sir Henry Ellis, there were 222 parish
+churches in the county, and only 131 resident priests.&nbsp;
+Sharon Turner gives 226 churches, about half without a resident
+minister.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote170b"></a><a href="#citation170b"
+class="footnote">[170b]</a>&nbsp; Hundred Rolls, p. 299.&nbsp;
+Oliver&rsquo;s <i>Religious Houses</i>, p. 78.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote171a"></a><a href="#citation171a"
+class="footnote">[171a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, 1898, p. 135.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote171b"></a><a href="#citation171b"
+class="footnote">[171b]</a>&nbsp; <i>History of Lincolnshire</i>,
+p. 334.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote172a"></a><a href="#citation172a"
+class="footnote">[172a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queues</i>, vol. ii, p. 38.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote172b"></a><a href="#citation172b"
+class="footnote">[172b]</a>&nbsp; I have been informed of this by
+the Rev. Edwin Richard Kemp, of St. Anne&rsquo;s Lodge, Lincoln,
+who is a scion of a collateral branch of the family, to be named
+next amongst the successive owners of the Hall-garth.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote173a"></a><a href="#citation173a"
+class="footnote">[173a]</a>&nbsp; Weir&rsquo;s <i>History of
+Lincolnshire</i>, p. 334.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote173b"></a><a href="#citation173b"
+class="footnote">[173b]</a>&nbsp; Henry Kemp and
+&ldquo;Elinor&rdquo; Panton were married in 1723.&nbsp; They had
+a numerous family, including Michael, baptized May 2nd, 1731;
+Thomas, baptized 1737, married 1768; and Robert, baptized 1740,
+married 1766.&nbsp; Thomas and Robert were family names, which
+occurred in successive generations.&nbsp; There were other
+branches of the family, whose representatives still survive;
+including the Rev. Edwin R. Kemp, already referred to, whose
+grandfather was first cousin of the last Thomas Kemp residing at
+the Hall-garth.&nbsp; When the Kemp property was sold, a portion,
+at one time belonging to William Barker, was bought by the Rev.
+R. E. Kemp of Lincoln.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote173c"></a><a href="#citation173c"
+class="footnote">[173c]</a>&nbsp; N. Bailey&rsquo;s
+<i>Dictionary</i> 1740.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote173d"></a><a href="#citation173d"
+class="footnote">[173d]</a>&nbsp; The Saxon word
+&ldquo;c&aelig;mban&rdquo; meant &ldquo;to comb,&rdquo; whence
+our words &ldquo;kempt&rdquo; and &ldquo;unkempt,&rdquo; applied
+to a tidy, neatly trimmed, or combed, person, and the reverse; or
+used of other things, as Spenser, in his <i>Faery Queen</i>,
+says:</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;I greatly lothe thy wordes,<br />
+Uncourteous and unkempt.&rdquo;&mdash;Book III, canto x, stanza
+xxix.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>On the other hand, more than 100 years before the days of the
+Huguenots, there was a Cardinal John Kemp, afterwards consecrated
+Archbishop of Canterbury, A.D. 1452, born at Wye, near Ashford in
+Kent.&nbsp; In the old Rhyming Chronicle
+&ldquo;Law&euml;man&rsquo;s Brut,&rdquo; of date about A.D. 1205,
+we find &ldquo;Kemp&rdquo; used as a parallel to
+&ldquo;Knight,&rdquo; or warrior; as</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Three hundred cnihtes were also Kempes,<br
+/>
+The faireste men that evere come here.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>(&ldquo;Hengist and Horsa,&rdquo; Cottonian MS., Brit. Mus.,
+&ldquo;Otho,&rdquo; c. xiii.)<br />
+(&ldquo;Morris&rsquo;s <i>Specimens of early English</i>,&rdquo;
+p. 65.)</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>In Bedfordshire there is a village named Kempston, which, like
+Campton in the same county, is supposed to be derived from the
+Saxon &ldquo;Kemp,&rdquo; meaning &ldquo;battle.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+Taylor&rsquo;s <i>Words and Places</i>, p. 206.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote175"></a><a href="#citation175"
+class="footnote">[175]</a>&nbsp; One of these Marshalls began
+life as the owner of property, hunting in &ldquo;pink,&rdquo;
+&amp;c., but ended his days as the clerk of a neighbouring
+parish.&nbsp; Another had a public-house and farm in another near
+parish; his descendant is a beneficed clergyman in the diocese of
+Exeter.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote176a"></a><a href="#citation176a"
+class="footnote">[176a]</a>&nbsp; There were six bells in the
+original church.&nbsp; These were sold by the said churchwarden,
+who would appear to have been a zealous iconoclast.&nbsp;
+According to one tradition they went to Billinghay, but as the
+church there has only three bells, this is probably an
+error.&nbsp; Another version is that they were transferred to
+Tetford church; had the removal occurred in the time of the
+Thimblebys, this might not have been improbable, as they were
+patrons of that benefice; but several other churches claim this
+distinction, and, further, there are only three bells in that
+church, so that this again is doubtless a mistake.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote176b"></a><a href="#citation176b"
+class="footnote">[176b]</a>&nbsp; Gervase Holles gives the
+following as the inscription existing in his time (circa 1640),
+&ldquo;Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburg et Emmotta ejus uxor, qui
+quidem Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii, An&rsquo;o D&rsquo;ni
+1476, quorum a&rsquo;iabus p&rsquo;pitietur Deus.&nbsp;
+Amen.&rdquo;&nbsp; There are, he adds, &ldquo;figures of
+themselves upon the stone, and ten children, all in
+brasse.&rdquo;&nbsp; Harleian MS., Brit. Mus., No. 6,829, p.
+177.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote177"></a><a href="#citation177"
+class="footnote">[177]</a>&nbsp; In <i>Magna Britannia</i> it is
+stated that he held 15 manors in this county.&nbsp; In connection
+with the Paganell family it may here be noted that a daughter,
+Maud, of Gilbert de Gaunt, married a Norman, Ralph Fitzooth;
+their son William Fitzooth married the daughter of Beauchamp
+Paganell; from whom sprung Robert Fitz Ooth, commonly known as
+Robin Hood.&nbsp; Stukeley, <i>Pal&aelig;ol Brit.</i>, vol. ii,
+p. 115.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote178a"></a><a href="#citation178a"
+class="footnote">[178a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Guardian</i>, Jan. 18th,
+1905.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote178b"></a><a href="#citation178b"
+class="footnote">[178b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. i,
+564&ndash;565.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote178c"></a><a href="#citation178c"
+class="footnote">[178c]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp. 16, 17.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote178d"></a><a href="#citation178d"
+class="footnote">[178d]</a>&nbsp; Weir&rsquo;s <i>History of
+Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i, p. 335.&nbsp; Ed. 1828.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote179"></a><a href="#citation179"
+class="footnote">[179]</a>&nbsp; Harleian MSS., No. 6,829, p.
+342.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote180a"></a><a href="#citation180a"
+class="footnote">[180a]</a>&nbsp; It contains several entries of
+baptisms during the Commonwealth, a period when, frequently, only
+births were allowed to be registered.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote180b"></a><a href="#citation180b"
+class="footnote">[180b]</a>&nbsp; Testa de Nevill, folio 248
+(536).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote183a"></a><a href="#citation183a"
+class="footnote">[183a]</a>&nbsp; Testa de Nevill, fol. 348
+(556).</p>
+<p><a name="footnote183b"></a><a href="#citation183b"
+class="footnote">[183b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Domesday Book</i>.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote183c"></a><a href="#citation183c"
+class="footnote">[183c]</a>&nbsp; Soc-men were small tenants who
+held their lands under the lord, on the terms of doing certain
+agricultural service for him.&nbsp; Bordars, from the Saxon
+&ldquo;bord&rdquo; a cottage, were a lower class of smaller
+tenants, who had a cottage and small allotment, supplying to the
+lord more continuous labour, and also eggs and poultry.&nbsp; By
+statute of Queen Elizabeth (31 Eliz., c. 7), which probably only
+confirmed old usage, at that time liable to fall into abeyance,
+it was enacted that any proprietor electing a new cottage should
+be compelled to attach thereto four acres of land.&nbsp; If
+something like this were done in these days we should probably
+hear less of the rural population migrating to the towns, to the
+increase of pauperage.&nbsp; There was a third still lower class
+of dependents, not here mentioned, named villeins, who performed
+the meanest labours; these were attached either to the land, or
+to the person of the owner, and could be transferred from one to
+another owner, like goods or chattels.&nbsp; Such a position of
+serfdom is unknown to the agricultural labourer of modern times;
+and their name, as having belonged to the lowest grade of
+society, now only survives as a synonym for a dishonest person, a
+scoundrel or villain.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote184a"></a><a href="#citation184a"
+class="footnote">[184a]</a>&nbsp; A &ldquo;trentall&rdquo; was
+thirty masses for the dead to be celebrated on thirty several
+days.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote184b"></a><a href="#citation184b"
+class="footnote">[184b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol iv, pp. 12&ndash;13.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote185a"></a><a href="#citation185a"
+class="footnote">[185a]</a>&nbsp; Weir&rsquo;s <i>History</i>,
+ed. 1828, p. 335.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote185b"></a><a href="#citation185b"
+class="footnote">[185b]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Taylor in his <i>Words and
+Places</i>, p. 130, says that &ldquo;there is hardly a river
+named in England which is not celtic, <i>i.e.</i> British.&nbsp;
+The name Waring is British; garw, or gwarw, is welsh, <i>i.e.</i>
+British, and appears in other river names, as the Yarrow and
+Garry in Scotland, and the Garonne in France.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote186"></a><a href="#citation186"
+class="footnote">[186]</a>&nbsp; This bridge was taken down and a
+wider and more substantial one erected in 1899.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote187a"></a><a href="#citation187a"
+class="footnote">[187a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii. p. 218.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote187b"></a><a href="#citation187b"
+class="footnote">[187b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Ibid.</i>, pp. 87, 88.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote187c"></a><a href="#citation187c"
+class="footnote">[187c]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iv. pp. 212, 213.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote188a"></a><a href="#citation188a"
+class="footnote">[188a]</a>&nbsp; Canon Maddison,
+<i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1897, p. l62.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote188b"></a><a href="#citation188b"
+class="footnote">[188b]</a>&nbsp; In the old Register Book of
+Burials, &amp;c., of the parish of &ldquo;Toynton
+Inferior,&rdquo; is an entry of the burial of &ldquo;--- Newcomen
+ye 17th November, 1592.&rdquo;&nbsp; The Christian name is
+undecipherable.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote190a"></a><a href="#citation190a"
+class="footnote">[190a]</a>&nbsp; Sewer is a common local name
+for a drain, or even a clear running stream.&nbsp; Such a stream,
+called the Sewer, rises at Well-syke Wood in this parish, and
+runs into the Witham river, nearly four miles distant, perfectly
+limpid throughout its course.&nbsp; As to the name Well-syke,
+&ldquo;sike&rdquo; is an old term for a &ldquo;beck,&rdquo; or
+small running stream.&nbsp; &ldquo;Sykes and meres&rdquo; are
+frequently mentioned in old documents connected with land.&nbsp;
+The word syke is doubtless connected with &ldquo;soak,&rdquo; and
+this wood was so named because the &ldquo;syke&rdquo; welled up
+within a marshy part of it.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote190b"></a><a href="#citation190b"
+class="footnote">[190b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, vol. xxiii, pp. 122 and 132.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote190c"></a><a href="#citation190c"
+class="footnote">[190c]</a>&nbsp; Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p.
+244.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote191"></a><a href="#citation191"
+class="footnote">[191]</a>&nbsp; It was at Roughton in 1631.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote192a"></a><a href="#citation192a"
+class="footnote">[192a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii, pp. 245&ndash;6.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote192b"></a><a href="#citation192b"
+class="footnote">[192b]</a>&nbsp; Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p.
+245.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote194a"></a><a href="#citation194a"
+class="footnote">[194a]</a>&nbsp; Sir Jos. Banks was Lord of the
+Manor.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote194b"></a><a href="#citation194b"
+class="footnote">[194b]</a>&nbsp; Archdeacn Churton&rsquo;s
+<i>English Church</i>; Introd. <i>Domesday Book</i>, by C. Gowen
+Smith, p. xxxii.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote195a"></a><a href="#citation195a"
+class="footnote">[195a]</a>&nbsp; Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p.
+218.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote195b"></a><a href="#citation195b"
+class="footnote">[195b]</a>&nbsp; Burn&rsquo;s <i>Justice</i>,
+vol. v, pp. 823&ndash;4.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote196a"></a><a href="#citation196a"
+class="footnote">[196a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Revesby Deeds &amp;
+Charters</i>, published by Right Hon. E. Stanhope, No. 150.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote196b"></a><a href="#citation196b"
+class="footnote">[196b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1894, p. 214.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote196c"></a><a href="#citation196c"
+class="footnote">[196c]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1891, p. 24, and 1897, pp.
+145&ndash;163.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote196d"></a><a href="#citation196d"
+class="footnote">[196d]</a>&nbsp; <i>Architectural
+Society&rsquo;s Journal</i>, 1897, pp. 75, 79.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote196e"></a><a href="#citation196e"
+class="footnote">[196e]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 215.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote198a"></a><a href="#citation198a"
+class="footnote">[198a]</a>&nbsp; A pamphlet on <i>The Ayscough
+family and their connections</i>, by J. Conway Walter, 1896.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote198b"></a><a href="#citation198b"
+class="footnote">[198b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincolnshire Wills</i>, by
+Canon Maddison.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote198c"></a><a href="#citation198c"
+class="footnote">[198c]</a>&nbsp; At this early period, partly
+perhaps owing to laxity of morals, but partly because the papal
+supremacy was not fully recognised, celibacy of the clergy was
+not strictly enforced.&nbsp; On the accession of Queen Mary great
+numbers of them were found to be married.&nbsp; She issued
+&ldquo;Injunctions&rdquo; to the bishops in 1553&ndash;4,
+ordering them to deprive all such of their benefices; although
+some of them, on doing public penance, were restored to their
+position.&nbsp; In the Lincoln Lists of Institutions to
+Benefices, at that period, many of the vacancies are stated to
+have occurred, owing to the deprivation of the previous
+incumbent; and in some cases, as at Knebworth, Herts., and at
+Haversham, Bucks, (both then in the Lincoln diocese), it is
+specified that the incumbent so deprived was married (sacerdos
+conjugatus).&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp; Queries</i>, vol. v, p.
+174.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote198d"></a><a href="#citation198d"
+class="footnote">[198d]</a>&nbsp; One derivation of the name
+Revesby is from &ldquo;reeve,&rdquo; a fox, or rover, and we
+still call the fox the &ldquo;little red rover.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote201a"></a><a href="#citation201a"
+class="footnote">[201a]</a>&nbsp; The Glenham family were at one
+time located at Miningsby; when the Revesby estates passed from
+the Duke of Suffolk, Thomas Glenham, Esq., with Sir Henry Sidney,
+and some others, succeeded to different portions.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote201b"></a><a href="#citation201b"
+class="footnote">[201b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Words and Plans</i>, by J.
+Taylor.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote202"></a><a href="#citation202"
+class="footnote">[202]</a>&nbsp; This tract of forest probably
+was very extensive.&nbsp; We know that in the north-west of the
+county, and extending to near Doncaster, there was the forest of
+Celidon; south of that was Sherwood forest.&nbsp; In Holland
+there was the forest of &ldquo;Haut Huntre&rdquo; (its Norman
+name); and there is a tradition, in our neighbourhood, of a
+church, not far from Old Bolingbroke, being called &ldquo;St.
+Luke&rsquo;s in the Forest,&rdquo; now known as Stickney; this
+name itself probably meaning a &ldquo;sticken,&rdquo; or staked,
+island; a kind of preserved oasis, or clearing, in a wilderness
+of wood and morass.&nbsp; <i>Architectural Society&rsquo;s
+Journal</i>, 1858, p. 231.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote203a"></a><a href="#citation203a"
+class="footnote">[203a]</a>&nbsp; This has also been quoted in
+the Notes on High Toynton; and another case of a similar tenure
+of land is mentioned in the Notes on Hameringham.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote203b"></a><a href="#citation203b"
+class="footnote">[203b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queues</i>, vol. iii, pp. 245&ndash;6.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote203c"></a><a href="#citation203c"
+class="footnote">[203c]</a>&nbsp; <i>Domesday Book</i>,
+&ldquo;Land of Robert Despenser.&rdquo;</p>
+<p><a name="footnote204"></a><a href="#citation204"
+class="footnote">[204]</a>&nbsp; In <i>Domesday Book</i> the
+chief features are &ldquo;the woodland&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;fisheries,&rdquo; no less than 10 of the latter are named
+as belonging to Robert Despenser.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote205"></a><a href="#citation205"
+class="footnote">[205]</a>&nbsp; Harleyan MS., No. 6829, pp.
+179&ndash;182, given in Weir&rsquo;s <i>History of
+Horncastle</i>, pp. 50&ndash;53.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote206a"></a><a href="#citation206a"
+class="footnote">[206a]</a>&nbsp; In the reign of Mary Sir Edward
+Dymoke married Anne, daughter of Sir G. Taillebois.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote206b"></a><a href="#citation206b"
+class="footnote">[206b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Gentleman&rsquo;s
+Magazine</i>, April, 1826.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote207a"></a><a href="#citation207a"
+class="footnote">[207a]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. ii, p. 108.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote207b"></a><a href="#citation207b"
+class="footnote">[207b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp. 119&ndash;120.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote208a"></a><a href="#citation208a"
+class="footnote">[208a]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Tyrwhitt, like many other
+clergy in his day, was non-resident; the duty being performed by
+a curate, the Rev. W. Robinson, who held also the rectory of
+Moorby, but resided in Horncastle.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote208b"></a><a href="#citation208b"
+class="footnote">[208b]</a>&nbsp; <i>Lincs. Notes &amp;
+Queries</i>, vol. ii, p. 39.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote209"></a><a href="#citation209"
+class="footnote">[209]</a>&nbsp; The writer of these notes in his
+youth used to visit a farmer, living in the fen, whose father was
+among the first to erect his farmstead in that locality.&nbsp; He
+had first to solidify the site of his dwelling by importing soil
+by boat; and, when that was effected, to import by boat all the
+materials for the buildings; the construction of roads followed;
+and thus in course of time a waste of morass became one of the
+most fertile tracts in the country.</p>
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***</p>
+<pre>
+
+
+***** This file should be named 30358-h.htm or 30358-h.zip******
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, A History of Horncastle, by James Conway
+Walter
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: A History of Horncastle
+       from the earliest period to the present time
+
+
+Author: James Conway Walter
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2009  [eBook #30358]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***
+
+
+Transcribed from the 1908 W. K. Morton & Sons edition by David Price,
+email ccx074@pglaf.org
+
+ [Picture: SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP.  Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop
+                        of Canterbury, 1349-1366]
+
+We are indebted for the engraving of this seal to the courtesy of Miss G.
+M. Bevan, author of _Portraits of the Archbishops of Canterbury_,
+published by Messrs. Mowbray & Co., London.
+
+
+
+
+
+                                    A
+                          HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE,
+                                 FROM THE
+                   EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME.
+
+
+                              _ILLUSTRATED_.
+
+                                    BY
+                           JAMES CONWAY WALTER,
+                                AUTHOR OF
+      _Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood_, _Parishes around
+                               Horncastle_,
+               _The Ayscoughs_, _The Coitani_, _&c._, _&c._
+
+                               HORNCASTLE:
+            W. K. MORTON & SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HIGH STREET,
+                                  1908.
+
+              [Picture: Market Place and Stanhope Memorial]
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following pages may truthfully be said to be the result of labours,
+extending over many years, and of researches in directions too many to
+tell.
+
+Born within almost a mile of Horncastle, and only by a few months
+escaping being born in it, since his father, on first coming to the
+neighbourhood, resided for a time in Horncastle, {0} the author, from his
+earliest years (except for periodical absences) has been connected with
+the life, social or civil, of the place, probably more closely and more
+continuously, than any other person living, in like circumstances.
+
+The notes on which this compilation is based were begun more than 30
+years ago.  While writing a volume of _Records of more than_ 30 _Parishes
+around Horncastle_, published in 1904; and, before that, while describing
+about as many more, in a volume, _Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood_,
+published in 1899, he had constantly in view the crowning of the series,
+by the history of the old town, round which these sixty, or more,
+parishes cluster; the haunt, if not quite the home, of his boyhood, and
+familiarized to him by a life-long connection.
+
+For this purpose sources of information have been tapped in every
+possible direction; of public institutions, the official records, and
+title deeds, where available, have been carefully consulted; especially
+should be here mentioned various deeds and charters, which are quoted in
+Chapter II, from the archives of Carlisle Cathedral, which have not
+hitherto been brought before the public, but of which the author has been
+allowed free use, through the courtesy of the librarian.  These are of
+special value, from the long connection of the Manor of Horncastle with
+the See of Carlisle.
+
+In other cases the author has been allowed the privilege of more private
+testimony; for instance, his old friend, the late Mr. John Overton (of a
+highly respectable family, for generations connected with the town and
+county), has most kindly given him the use of various family MS. notes,
+bearing on parish and other matters.  Mr. Henry Sharp has freely assisted
+him with most varied information, derived from long years of connection
+with the town, in public or private capacity.  The late Mr. Henry
+Boulton, ancestrally connected with various parts of the county, was
+remarkable for a mind stored with memories of persons and things, in town
+and neighbourhood, which he freely communicated to the author, who saw
+much of him in his later years.  While, last but not least, the late Mr.
+William Pacey, whether in his "Reminisences of Horncastle," which he
+contributed to the public newspapers, or in his personal conversations,
+which the present writer enjoyed for many years, yielded up to him
+treasure, collected by an indefatigable student of local lore, who
+entered into such work _con amore_.
+
+To all these the author would now fully, and gratefully, acknowledge his
+indebtedness; but for them this work could not have been produced in
+anything like its present fulness.  In some of the matters dealt with, as
+for instance in the accounts of the Grammar School, as well as in other
+portions, he may fairly say, in the language of "the pious AEneas"
+(slightly modified), "quorum pars (ipse) fui," (AEneid ii, 6); and in
+these he has drawn not a few of the details from his own recollections.
+
+In stringing these records together, of such varied character, and on
+subjects so numerous, he cannot but be conscious that, in the endeavour
+to give all possible information, and to omit nothing of real interest,
+he may, on the other hand, have laid himself open to the charge of being
+too diffuse, or even needlessly prolix.  Others not sharing his own
+interest in the subjects treated of, may think that he has occasionally
+"ridden his hobby too hard."  If this should be the judgment of any of
+his readers, he would crave their indulgence out of consideration for the
+motive.
+
+These are the days of historic "Pageants," drawn from life, and with
+living actors to illustrate them.  We have also our "Gossoping Guides,"
+to enable the tourist to realize more fully the meaning of the scenes
+which he visits.  From both of these the author "has taken his cue."  He
+had to cater for a variety of tastes; and while, for the general reader
+he has cast his discriptions in a colloquial, or even at times in a
+"gossoping," form, he believes that the old town, with its "Bull Ring,"
+its "Maypole Hill," its "Fighting Cocks," its "Julian Bower," and other
+old time memories, can still afford _pabulum_ for the more educated
+student, or the special antiquary.
+
+Like the composer of a Pageant play, his endeavour has been rather to
+clothe the scenes, which he conjures up, with the flesh and blood of
+quickened reality, than in the bare skin and bones of a dry-as-dust's
+rigid skeleton.  How far he has succeeded in this he leaves to others to
+decide; for himself he can honestly say, that it has not been from lack
+of care, enquiry, or labour, if he has fallen short of the ideal aimed
+at.
+
+                                  [Picture: Signature of J. Conway Walter]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                      CHAPTER I.                             PAGE
+
+PART I--PREHISTORIC.  Horncastle--its infancy                   1
+
+PART II--THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD                              3
+
+                     CHAPTER II.
+
+RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST            11
+
+                     CHAPTER III.
+
+ST. MARY'S CHURCH                                              33
+
+                     CHAPTER IV.
+
+THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY                                     57
+
+                      CHAPTER V.
+
+NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+   The Wesleyans                                               64
+
+   The Primitive Methodists                                    71
+
+   The Independents                                            77
+
+   The Baptist Chapel                                          84
+
+   The New Jerusalem Church                                    86
+
+                     CHAPTER VI.
+
+EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS--THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL                   91
+
+                     CHAPTER VII.
+
+WATSON'S FREE SCHOOL                                          108
+
+THE LANCASTERIAN AND THE BELL SCHOOLS                         111
+
+THE SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOL                                    112
+
+                    CHAPTER VIII.
+
+THE DISPENSARY                                                119
+
+                     CHAPTER IX.
+
+THE CANAL                                                     126
+
+THE RAILWAY                                                   130
+
+                      CHAPTER X.
+
+WORKHOUSE OR UNION                                            133
+
+THE COURT HOUSE                                               135
+
+THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL                                         136
+
+THE CLERICAL CLUB                                             137
+
+THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE                                      139
+
+THE CORN EXCHANGE                                             140
+
+THE WHELPTON ALMHOUSES                                        142
+
+THE DRILL HALL                                                145
+
+                     CHAPTER XI.
+
+HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &c.                                      151
+
+ODDITIES                                                      160
+
+PUBLICHOUSES                                                  161
+
+                      APPENDIX.
+
+THIMBLEBY                                                     165
+
+WEST ASHBY                                                    176
+
+HIGH TOYNTON                                                  180
+
+MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL                                           183
+
+LOW TOYNTON                                                   185
+
+ROUGHTON                                                      188
+
+HALTHAM                                                       190
+
+MAREHAM-LE-FEN                                                192
+
+MOORBY                                                        198
+
+WOOD ENDERBY                                                  201
+
+CONINGSBY                                                     203
+
+WILKSBY                                                       207
+
+LANGRIVILLE                                                   209
+
+THORNTON-LE-FEN                                               210
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+Mammoth Tooth                                                        5
+
+Hammer Head                                                          7
+
+North-east corner of the Castle Wall                                 9
+
+Plan of Horncastle, 1819                                            15
+
+Plan of Horncastle, 1908                                            23
+
+St. Mary's Church                                                   35
+
+Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke in St. Mary's Church                     42
+
+Ancient Scythes in St. Mary's Church                                48
+
+The Old Vicarage                                                    55
+
+Holy Trinity Church                                                 59
+
+Wesleyan Chapel                                                     65
+
+Wesleyan Day Schools                                                69
+
+Interior Congregational Chapel                                      79
+
+The New Jerusalem Church                                            87
+
+Rev. Thomas Lord                                                    90
+
+The Grammar School                                                  93
+
+Lord Clynton and Saye                                               97
+
+Successive Head Masters of the Grammar School, from 1818           101
+to 1907
+
+The Seal of the Grammar School                                     105
+
+The Market Place                                                   109
+
+St. Mary's Square                                                  113
+
+Bridge Street                                                      117
+
+High Street                                                        121
+
+The Bull Ring                                                      123
+
+The Canal                                                          127
+
+On the Canal                                                       129
+
+The Court House                                                    135
+
+The Stanhope Memorial                                              137
+
+Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec 31, 1900                      141
+
+West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900                        143
+
+Conging Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900                     145
+
+The Stanch                                                         147
+
+Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring                                  163
+
+St. Margaret's Church, Thimbleby                                   171
+
+The Manor House, West Ashby                                        177
+
+All Saints' Church, West Ashby                                     179
+
+St. John the Baptist's Church, High Toynton                        181
+
+St. Peter's Church, Low Toynton                                    187
+
+St. Helen's Church, Mareham-le-Fen                                 193
+
+Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen                                    197
+
+St. Michael's Church, Coningsby                                    205
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+PART I--PREHISTORIC.  HORNCASTLE--ITS INFANCY.
+
+
+In dealing with what may be called "the dark ages" of local history, we
+are often compelled to be content with little more than reasonable
+conjecture.  Still, there are generally certain surviving data, in
+place-names, natural features, and so forth, which enable those who can
+detect them, and make use of them, to piece together something like a
+connected outline of what we may take, with some degree of probability,
+as an approximation to what have been actual facts, although lacking, at
+the time, the chronicler to record them.
+
+It is, however, by no means a mere exercise of the imagination, if we
+assume that the site of the present Horncastle was at a distant period a
+British settlement. {1a}  Dr. Brewer says, "nearly three-fourths of our
+Roman towns were built on British sites," (Introduction to _Beauties of
+England_, p. 7), and in the case of Horncastle, although there is nothing
+British in the name of the town itself, yet that people have undoubtedly
+here left their traces behind them.  The late Dr. Isaac Taylor {1b} says,
+"Rivers and mountains, as a rule, receive their names from the earliest
+races, towns and villages from later colonists."  The ideas of those
+early occupants were necessarily limited.  The hill which formed their
+stronghold against enemies, {1c} or which was the "high place" of their
+religious rites, {1d} and the river which was so essential to their daily
+existence, of these they felt the value, and therefore naturally
+distinguished them by name before anything else.  Thus the remark of an
+eloquent writer is generally true, who says "our mountains and rivers
+still murmur the voices of races long extirpated."  "There is hardly
+(says Dr. Taylor {2a}) throughout the whole of England a river name which
+is not Celtic," _i.e._ British.
+
+As the Briton here looked from the hill-side, down upon the valley
+beneath him, two of the chief objects to catch his eye would be the
+streams which watered it, and which there, as they do still, united their
+forces.  They would then also, probably, form a larger feature in the
+prospect than they do at the present day, for the local beds of gravel
+deposit would seem to indicate that these streams were formerly of
+considerably greater volume, watering a wider area, and probably having
+ramifications which formed shoals and islands. {2b}  The particular names
+by which the Briton designated the two main streams confirm this
+supposition.  In the one coming from the more distant wolds, he saw a
+stream bright and clear, meandering through the meadows which it
+fertilized, and this he named the "Bain," {2c} that word being Celtic for
+"bright" or "clear," a characteristic which still belongs to its waters,
+as the brewers of Horncastle assure us.  In the other stream, which runs
+a shorter and more rapid course, he saw a more turbid current, and to it
+he gave the name "Waring," {2d} which is the Celtic "garw" or "gerwin,"
+meaning "rough."  Each of these names, then, we may regard as what the
+poet Horace calls "nomen praesente nota productum," {2e} they are as good
+as coin stamped in the mint of a Cunobelin, or a Caradoc, bearing his
+"image and superscription," and after some 17 centuries of change, they
+are in circulation still.  So long as Horncastle is watered by the Bain
+and the Waring she will bear the brand of the British sway, once
+paramount in her valley.
+
+These river names, however, are not the only relics of the Britons found
+in Horncastle.  Two British urns were unearthed about 50 years ago, where
+is now the garden of the present vicarage, and another was found in the
+parish of Thornton, about a mile from the town, when the railway was
+being made in 1856.  The latter the present writer has seen, although it
+is now unfortunately lost. {2f}
+
+These Britons were a pastoral race, as Caesar, their conqueror, tells us,
+{2g} not cultivating much corn, but having large flocks and herds, living
+on the milk and flesh of their live stock, and clad in the skins of
+these, or of other animals taken in the chase.  The well-watered pastures
+of the Bain valley would afford excellent grazing for their cattle, while
+the extensive forests {2h} of the district around would provide them with
+the recreations of the chase, which also helped to make them the skilled
+warriors which the Romans found them to be. {3}  Much of these forests
+remained even down to comparatively recent times, and very large trees
+have been dug up, black with age, in fields within four or five miles of
+Horncastle, within very recent years, which the present writer has seen.
+
+Such were some of the earlier inhabitants of this locality, leaving their
+undoubted traces behind them, but no "local habitation" with a name; for
+that we are first indebted to the Romans, who, after finding the Briton a
+foe not unworthy of his steel, ultimately subjugated him and found him
+not an inapt pupil in Roman arts and civilization.  Of the aptitude of
+the Briton to learn from his conquerors we have evidence in the fact,
+mentioned by the Roman writer Eumenius, that when the Emperor Constantius
+wished to rebuild the town Augustodunum (now Antun) in Gaul, about the
+end of the 3rd century, he employed workmen chiefly from Britain, such
+was the change effected in our "rude forefathers" in 250 years.
+
+We may sum up our remarks on the Britons by saying that in them we have
+ancestors of whom we have no occasion to be ashamed.  They had a
+Christian church more than 300 years before St. Augustine visited our
+shores.  They yet survive in the sturdy fisher folk of Brittany; in those
+stout miners of Cornwall, who in the famed Botallack mine have bored
+under the ocean bed, the name Cornwall itself being Welsh (_i.e._
+British) for corner land; in the people who occupy the fastnesses of the
+Welsh mountains, as well as in the Gaels of the Scottish Highlands and
+the Erse of Ireland.  Their very speech is blended with our own.  Does
+the country labourer go to the Horncastle tailor to buy coat and
+breeches?  His British forefather, though clad chiefly in skins, called
+his upper garment his "cotta," his nether covering his "brages," scotice
+"breeks."  Brewer, _Introduction to Beauties of England_, p. 42.
+
+
+
+PART II--THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD.
+
+
+The headquarters of the Roman forces in our own part of Britain were at
+York, where more than one Roman Emperor lived and died, but Lindum, now
+Lincoln, was an important station.  About A.D. 71 Petillius Cerealis was
+appointed governor of the province by the Emperor Vespasian, he was
+succeeded by Julius Frontinus, both being able generals.  From A.D. 78 to
+85 that admirable soldier and administrator, Julius Agricola, over-ran
+the whole of the north as far as the Grampians, establishing forts in all
+directions, and doubtless during these and the immediately succeeding
+years, a network of such stations would be constructed in our own
+country, connected by those splendid highways which the Romans carried,
+by the forced labour of the natives, through the length and breadth of
+their vast empire.
+
+Coins of nearly all the Roman Emperors have been found at Horncastle; one
+was brought to the present writer in the 1st year of the 20th century,
+bearing the superscription of the Emperor Severus, who died at York A.D.,
+211.
+
+
+NOTE ON ANCIENT COINS FOUND AT HORNCASTLE.
+
+
+The following list of Roman and other coins found at Horncastle, has been
+supplied by the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, who has them in
+his own possession.
+
+Consular, denarius, silver.
+OEs grave, or Roman as, heavy brass.
+Augustus, quinarius (half denarius).  B.C. 27-A.D. 14.
+Claudius, brass, of three different sizes.  A.D. 41-54.
+Vespasian, denarius, silver.  A.D. 69-79.
+Domitian, brass.  A.D. 81-96.
+Nerva, brass.  A.D. 96-98.
+Trajan, brass, of two sizes.  A.D. 98-117.
+Hadrian, brass.  A.D. 117-138.
+Antoninus Pius, denarius, silver.  A.D. 138-161.
+Faustina I., his wife, brass.
+Lucius Verus, brass.  A.D. 161-169.
+Marcus Aurelius, brass.  A D. 161-180.
+Faustina II., his wife, brass.
+Caracalla, denarius, silver.  A.D. 211-217.
+Julia Saemias, mother of Emperor Heliogabalus, denarius, silver.  A.D.
+218-222.
+Gordian III., denarius, silver.  A.D. 238-244.
+Philip I., brass.  A.D. 244-249.
+Hostilian, denarius, silver.  A.D. 249-251.
+Gallienus, brass.  A.D. 253-268.
+Salomia, his wife, brass.
+Victorinus, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 253-260.  (10 varieties).
+Marius, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 267.
+Claudius II. (or Gothicus), brass.  A.D. 268-270.
+Tetricus I., brass (Emperor in Gaul).  A.D. 270-273.
+Tetricus II., brass (Emperor in Gaul).  A.D. 270-274.
+Probus, brass.  A.D. 276-282.
+Diocletian, copper, a new kind of coin named a "follis."  A.D. 284-305.
+Maximian, copper, a "follis."  A.D. 286-305.
+Alectus, brass (Emperor in Britain).  A.D. 293-296.
+Constantius Chlorus, brass.  A.D. 305-306.
+Maxentius, copper, a "follis."  A.D. 306-312.
+Constantine the Great, brass.  A.D. 306-337.
+Crispus, brass.  A.D. 326.
+Magnentius, brass (Emperor in Gaul and Britain).  A.D. 350-353.
+Constantine II., brass (struck in London).  A.D. 337-340.
+Constans, brass.  A.D. 337-350.
+Constantius II., brass.  A.D. 337-361.
+Valens, brass.  A.D. 364-378.
+Gratian, brass.  A.D. 375-383.
+Theodosius I., brass.  A.D. 379-395.
+Arcadius, brass (Emperor in East).  A.D. 395-408.
+Honorius, brass (Emperor in West).  A.D. 395-423.
+Byzantine coin, bronze, date not known exactly but later than Honorius,
+so showing that the Romans held Horncastle against Saxon invaders.
+
+ [Picture: Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle.
+  Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5.25-in., breadth 6.5-in., thickness 2-in.]
+
+A Roman milestone was discovered in the Bail, at Lincoln, in 1891, {5a}
+inscribed with the name of Marcus Piavonius Victorinus, who commanded in
+Gaul and Britain, and which must have been set up during his period of
+office, about A D. 267.  The site of this was the point of intersection
+of the two main streets, which would be the centre of the Roman Forum at
+Lindum, one of these streets leading to Horncastle; from Horncastle also
+there branched off, as will be hereafter noted, several main Roman roads.
+
+As Horncastle stands on the banks of the river Bain it has been taken by
+Stukeley, the antiquarian, and by others following him, {5b} to have been
+the Roman Banovallum or "Fort on the Bain," mentioned by the Roman
+geographer of Ravenna; {5c} although, however, most probably correct,
+this is a mere conjecture.  On the road between Horncastle and Lincoln we
+have the village of Baumber, also called Bamburgh, and this latter form
+of the name might well mean a "burgh," or fort, on the Bain, the river
+running just below the village.  The two names, however, might well exist
+at different periods.  It may be here mentioned that this form, Bamburg,
+is found in _Harleian Charter_ 56, c. i, B.M., dated at Wodehalle,
+December, 1328.
+
+Tacitus, the Roman historian, {5e} tells us that the Romans "wore out the
+bodies and hands of the Britons in opening out the forests, and paving or
+fortifying the roads," and we can well imagine that those skilled
+generals would see the advantageous position for a stronghold in the
+angle formed by the junction of the two rivers, and would employ the
+subjugated Britons of the locality in constructing, it may be, at first
+only a rude fort, protected on two sides by the streams and in the rear
+by a "vallum," or embankment, and that on the site thus secured and
+already a native stronghold, they would, at a later period, erect the
+"castrum," of which massive fragments still remain, testifying to its
+great strength.
+
+These remains, indeed, in almost their whole course can be traced through
+present-day gardens and back premises, shewing the four sides of an
+irregular parallelogram.  Their dimensions, roughly speaking, are on the
+north and south sides about 600-ft., by about 350-ft. at the eastern, and
+300-ft. at the western end, their thickness being about 16-ft.  The
+material employed was the Spilsby sandstone, obtainable within five
+miles, cemented by course grouting poured into the interstices between
+the massive blocks.  These walls inclose a portion of the High Street as
+far eastward as the site of the present Corn Exchange, westward they
+include the present manor house and form the boundary of the churchyard
+in that direction.  On the north they run at the back of the houses on
+that side of the Market Place, and on the south they extend from St.
+Mary's Square, past the Grammar School, and through sundry yards,
+parallel with the branch of the canal, which is the old Waring river.
+The masonry of these walls, as now seen, is very rude.  It is supposed
+that, originally as built by the Romans, they had an external coating of
+neat structure, but this has entirely disappeared, it is still, however,
+to be seen in the wells, which are next to be described.
+
+In a cellar, south of the High Street, at a baker's shop, and close to
+the eastern wall of the castle, is a Roman well; there is another close
+to the north-east angle of the castle walls, in what is called Dog-kennel
+Yard, and a third just within the western wall, near the present National
+Schools.  Thus, although the two rivers were without the castle walls,
+the Roman garrison was well supplied with water.
+
+The Roman roads branching from the town were (1st) the "Ramper," {6a} as
+it is still called, running north-west, and connecting it with the Roman
+station Lindum; from this, at Baumber, {6b} distant about 4 miles, a
+branch running northwards led to the Roman Castrum, now Caistor; (2nd)
+north-eastwards _via_ West Ashby, being the highway to Louth, the Roman
+Luda; (3rd) eastwards, by High Toynton, Greetham, &c, to Waynflete, the
+Roman Vain-ona; (4th) southward, by Dalderby, Haltham, &c., to Leeds
+Gate, Chapel Hill, and there crossing the river Witham to Sleaford and
+Ancaster, the Roman Causennae, situated on the great Roman Ermin Street.
+This also was continued to another Roman Castrum, now Castor, near
+Peterborough; (5th) south-west, by Thornton, &c., to Tattershall, locally
+supposed to have been the Roman Durobrivae, and where traces of a Roman
+camp still remain.
+
+Besides these Roman _viae_ and Roman coins, quite an abundance of Roman
+pottery has from time to time been unearthed, and fragments are
+continually being found in gardens in the town.  A collection of these,
+probably cinerary urns, was preserved until quite recently in the library
+of the Mechanics' Institute, where the writer has frequently seen them,
+{7a} they varied in height from 8 inches to 18 inches.  Unfortunately,
+for lack of funds, that institution was broken up about 1890, the books
+were stowed away in a room at the workhouse, a valuable collection, and
+the urns were sold by the late Mr. Joseph Willson, who acted as sole
+trustee.  Other Roman relics have been fragments of mortars of white
+clay, found on the site of the present union, one bearing the word
+"fecit," though the maker's name was lost.  Portions also of Samian ware
+have been found, one stamped with a leopard and stag, another bearing
+part of the potter's name, ILIANI; with fragments of hand-mills, fibulae,
+&c. {7b}  The present writer has two jars, or bottles, of buff coloured
+ware, of which about a dozen were dug up when the foundations of the
+workhouse were being laid in 1838, they are probably Samian, a friend
+having exactly similar vessels which she brought from Cyprus.  The writer
+has in his possession the head of a porphyritic mallet which was found in
+a garden in the south of the town a few years ago, it is probably Roman;
+the handle, which would be of wood, had entirely disappeared; it is much
+"pitted" through damp and age, is 6.5 inches long and weighs 3-lb. 9-oz.
+
+   [Picture: Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6.625-in., width
+ 3.875-in. weight 3.5-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot region, Neolithic
+         period.  The stone was probably part of a large boulder]
+
+A discovery of further interesting Roman relics of another kind was made
+in 1896.  The owner of a garden near Queen Street, in the south-eastern
+part of the town, was digging up an apple tree when he came across a fine
+bed of gravel.  Continuing the digging, in order to find the thickness of
+this deposit, his spade struck against a hard substance, which proved to
+be a lead coffin.  After this had been examined by others invited to
+inspect it, without any satisfactory result, the present writer was
+requested to conduct further investigation.  The coffin was found to be
+5-ft. 2-in. in length, containing the skeleton, rather shorter, of a
+female.  A few days later a second coffin was found, lying parallel to
+the first, 5-ft. 7-in. in length, the bones of the skeleton within being
+larger and evidently those of a male.  Subsequently fragments of decayed
+wood and long iron nails and clamps were found, showing that the leaden
+coffins had originally been enclosed in wooden cases.  Both these coffins
+lay east and west.  A description was sent to a well-known antiquarian,
+the late Mr. John Bellows of Gloucester, and he stated that if the lead
+had an admixture of tin they were Roman, if no tin, post-Roman.  The lead
+was afterwards analysed by Professor Church, of Kew, and by the
+analytical chemist of Messrs. Kynoch & Co., of Birmingham, with the
+result that there was found to be a percentage of 1.65 of tin to 97.08 of
+lead and 1.3 of oxygen, "the metal slightly oxidised."  It was thus
+proved that the coffins were those of Romans, their "orientation"
+implying that they were Christian.  It should be added that three similar
+coffins were found in the year 1872, when the foundations were being laid
+of the New Jerusalem Chapel in Croft Street, within some 100 yards of the
+two already described; and further, as confirmatory of their being Roman,
+a lead coffin was also found in the churchyard of Baumber, on the
+restoration of the church there in 1892, this being close to the Roman
+road (already mentioned) between the old Roman stations Banovallum and
+Lindum.  Lead coffins have also been found in the Roman cemeteries at
+Colchester, York, and at other places. {8}
+
+As another interesting case of Roman relics found in Horncastle, I give
+the following:--In 1894 I exhibited, at a meeting of our Archaeological
+Society, some small clay pipes which had recently been dug up along with
+a copper coin of the Emperor Constantine, just within the western wall of
+the old castle, near the present Manor House.  They were evidently very
+old and of peculiar make, being short in stem with small bowl set at an
+obtuse angle.  They were said at the time to be Roman, but since tobacco
+was not introduced till the reign of Elizabeth that idea was rejected.
+In the year 1904, however, a large quantity of fragments of similar clay
+pipes were found in the ruins of the Roman fort of Aliso, near Halteren
+on the river Lippe, in Western Germany, some of rude structure, some
+decorated with figures and Roman characters.  They were lying at a depth
+of 9 feet below the surface, and had evidently lain undisturbed since the
+time of the Roman occupation.  From the marks upon them it was manifest
+that they had been used, and it is now known from the statements of the
+Roman historian Pliny, and the Greek Herodotus, that the use of narcotic
+fumes was not unknown to the Romans, as well as to other ancient nations;
+the material used was hemp seed and cypress grass.  In the Berlin
+Ethnological Museum, also, vessels of clay are preserved, which are
+supposed to have been used for a like purpose.  This discovery, then, at
+Horncastle is very interesting as adding to our Roman remains, and we may
+picture to ourselves the Roman sentinel taking his beat on the old castle
+walls and solacing himself, after the manner of his countrymen, with his
+pipe.  (An account of this later discovery is given in a German
+scientific review for August, 1904, quoted _Standard_, August 12, 1904).
+
+Of what may be called the close of this early historic period in
+connection with Horncastle there is little more to be said.  The Roman
+forces withdrew from Britain about A.D. 408.  The Britons harried by
+their northern neighbours, the Picts and Scots, applied for assistance to
+the Saxons, who, coming at first as friends, but led to stay by the
+attractions of the country, gradually over-ran the land and themselves in
+turn over-mastered the Britons, driving them into Wales and Cornwall.
+The only matter of interest in connection with Horncastle, in this
+struggle between Saxon and Briton, is that about the end of the 5th
+century the Saxon King Horsa, with his brother Hengist, who had greatly
+improved the fort at Horncastle, were defeated in a fight at Tetford by
+the Britons under their leader Raengeires, and the British King caused
+the walls to be nearly demolished and the place rendered defenceless.
+(Leland's _Collectanea_, vol i, pt. ii, p. 509).
+
+   [Picture: North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard]
+
+The Saxons in their turn, towards the close of the 8th century, were
+harassed by marauding incursions of the Danes, {9} which continued,
+though temporarily checked by Kings Egbert and Alfred, through many
+years, both nations eventually settling side by side, until both alike in
+the 11th century became subject to their Norman conquerors.  The traces
+of these peoples are still apparent in Horncastle and its soke, since of
+its 13 parish names, three, High Toynton, Low Toynton and Roughton have
+the Saxon suffix "ton"; three, Mareham-on-the-Hill, Mareham-le-Fen and
+Haltham terminate in the Saxon "ham," and six, Thimbleby, West Ashby,
+Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby and Coningsby have the Danish suffix "by."
+The name of the town itself is Saxon, Horn-castle, or more anciently
+Hyrne-ceastre, _i.e._ the castle in the corner, {10} or angle, formed by
+the junction of the two rivers; that junction was, within comparatively
+modern times, not where it is now, but some 200 yards eastward, on the
+other side of the field called "The Holms," where there is still a muddy
+ditch.
+
+So far our account of the town has been based mainly upon etymological
+evidence, derived from river and place names, with a few scanty and
+scattered records.  As we arrive at the Norman period we shall have to
+deal with more direct documentary testimony, which may well form another
+chapter.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST.
+
+
+A recent historian {11a} has said "In the 13th century the northern
+counties of England were so unsettled that there was little security
+north of the Humber, and in 1250 the powerful Bishop of Carlisle found it
+necessary to buy the manor of Horncastle (his own residence in the north,
+Rose Castle, having been destroyed by marauders), and the Pope granted
+him the Parish Church (of Horncastle) for his use;" {11b} but we can
+carry our history back to a considerably earlier period than this.  As a
+former Roman station, doubtless, and of even earlier origin than that,
+Horncastle had become a place of some importance, and so, even before the
+Norman conquest the manor was royal property, since _Domesday Book_
+states that King Edward the Confessor bestowed it upon his Queen, Editha.
+Edward died January 5, 1066, and his possessions naturally passed to his
+successor, the Conqueror.  Its subsequent history for a few years we do
+not know, but in the reign of Stephen the manor was held by Adelias, or
+Adelidis, (Alice or Adelaide) de Cundi, daughter of William de Cheney
+{11c} (a name still known in the county), who was Lord of Glentham and
+Caenby, two parishes near Brigg.  She had a castle in this town, the site
+of which is not now known, but it was probably a restoration in whole, or
+in part, of the old fortress.  She took part against the King in his
+quarrel with the Empress Maud, and her estates were confiscated by
+Stephen, they were, however, subsequently restored to her on condition
+that she should demolish her castle.
+
+On her death the manor reverted to the crown and was granted by Henry II.
+to a Fleming noble, Gerbald de Escald, who held it for one knight's fee.
+{12a}  He was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes, {12b}
+whose son, Ralph de Rhodes, sold it to Walter Mauclerk, {12c} Bishop of
+Carlisle, and Treasurer of the Exchequer under Henry III.  In the reign
+of Richard II. Roger la Scrope and Margaret his wife, with Robert Tibetot
+and son, his wife, as descendants of Gerbald de Escald, {12d} put in a
+claim for the manor and obtained letters patent, by which the episcopal
+possessor was bound to do them homage, but this was only for a brief
+period, and they then disappear from the scene.
+
+The manor remained a possession of the bishops of Carlisle until the
+reign of Edward VI., when, by licence of the King, it was sold by Bishop
+Aldrich in 1547 to Edward, Lord Clinton. {12e}  In the reign of Mary he
+was compelled to re-convey it to the see of Carlisle. {12f}  Queen
+Elizabeth took a lease of it under the then possessing bishop, in which
+she was succeeded by James I.  He assigned it to Sir Edward Clinton,
+knt., but through neglect of enrolment this became void. {12g}  In the
+reign of Charles II. the former charters were renewed, {12h} and the
+bishops of Carlisle remained lords of the manor until 1856, when it was
+transferred, with the patronage of some of the benefices within the soke,
+to the Bishop of Lincoln.  Thus from the reign of Edward the Confessor to
+that of Charles II., a period of about 600 years, broken by brief
+intervals of alienation, Horncastle was connected with royalty.
+
+The lease of the manor was held, under the bishops of Carlisle by Sir
+Joseph Banks and his ancestors for nearly a century, the lease of Sir
+Joseph himself being dated 21 March, 1803, and renewed 1 June, 1811.  He
+died in 1820 and was succeeded by his relative the Honble. James Hamilton
+Stanhope and, three years later, by James Banks Stanhope, Esq., then a
+minor, who, at a later period (in 1885) transferred all his rights to his
+cousin, the late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, whose widow became lady
+of the manor and at whose death, in 1907, the lordship reverted to the
+Honble. Richard Stanhope, son of the present Earl Stanhope.  Mr. Banks
+Stanhope died January 18th, 1904, aged 82, having been a generous
+benefactor to Horncastle and the neighbourhood.
+
+We have here given a very condensed account of the ownership of this
+manor from the reign of Edward the Confessor to the present time, a
+period of nearly 840 years.  Having had access to the episcopal archives
+of Carlisle, so long connected with Horncastle, we are able to confirm
+several of the above details from documents still existing, which we now
+proceed to do.
+
+It has been stated that the manor of Horncastle was conferred upon Queen
+Editha by her husband, Edward the Confessor.  In confirmation of this we
+find the following: In the reign of Charles I. the Vicar of Horncastle,
+Thomas Gibson, presented a petition claiming tithe for certain mills
+called "Hall Mills," with a close adjoining called "Mill Holmes," as
+belonging to the glebe.  The tenant, William Davidson, resisted, arguing
+that he had paid no tithes to the previous vicar, Robert Holingshed, that
+the mills were erected before the conquest and were part of the jointure
+of Queen Editha, as stated in _Domesday Book_, and were therefore part of
+the manor, not of the vicar's glebe.  The result is not recorded, but
+doubtless the tenant was right. {13a}  The passage here quoted from
+_Domesday Book_ is the following: "In Horncastre Queen Editha had 3
+carucates of land, free of gelt.  This land is now 4 carucates.  The King
+has there 2 carucates in demesne (_i.e._ as his manor), with 29 villeins
+and 12 bordars, who have (among them) 3 carucates.  There are 2 mills
+worth 26s. yearly, and 100 acres of meadow.  In King Edward's time the
+annual value was 20 pounds, now it is 44 pounds." {13b}  These two mills
+and the meadow were doubtless those in dispute between the vicar and
+tenant in the reign of Charles I., the date of _Domesday_ being about
+1085, or 540 years earlier.  They were plainly part of the royal manor
+and not at all connected with the glebe.
+
+All this, however, proves that the manor of Horncastle belonged to King
+Edward the Confessor before the conquest, and 360 acres of it were
+assigned to his consort, Queen Editha.  The expansion of the 3 carucates
+into 4, mentioned in _Domesday Book_, was probably (as in many other
+recorded cases) due to the reclamation of land hitherto waste in flood or
+forest.
+
+On the death of King Edward in 1066 the royal demesnes naturally passed
+to his successor and kinsman, William the Conqueror, and in due course to
+the successive Norman kings of his line.
+
+The connection of Horncastle with the sovereign is shown in various ways.
+Documents relating to the earlier kings are naturally rare, since for
+many years law courts were hardly yet established, the royal power being
+rather that of "might" than of "right." {13c}  Even the sale, or
+devising, of property could only be legally effected by the king's
+licence.  Among the Carlisle papers connected with Horncastle is one
+which shows that a matter which in modern times would be settled by the
+parish overseers, or more recently by the Urban Council, was to be
+formerly carried out only by the royal sanction.  There is a Patent Roll
+of the 13th year of King Richard II. (pt. 1, m. 3) entitled "Concerning
+the paving of Horncastre," and running as follows:--"The King to the
+Bailiff and proved men of the vill of Horncastre, greeting.  Know, that
+in aid of paving your said vill, of our special grace we have granted to
+you, that from the day of the making of these presents to the end of 3
+years, you may take, for things coming to the said vill for sale, the
+customs underwritten."  Then follows a long list of articles for sale, of
+which we can only specify a few here, viz.: "For every horse load of
+corn, 0.25d., for every dole of wine, 2d.; for every pipe of ditto, 1s.;
+for every hide, fresh, salt, or tanned, 0.25d.; for 100 skins of roebucks
+(it seems that there were wild deer in those days), hares, rabbits,
+foxes, or squirrels, 0.5d.; for every horse load of cloth, 0.5d.; for
+every cloth of worstede, called 'coverlyt,' value 40s., 1d.; for every
+100 of linen web of Aylesham, 1d.; for every chief of strong cendal
+(silk) 1d.; for 100 mullets, salt or dry, 1d.; for every cart of fish,
+1d.; for every horse load of sea fish, 0.25d.; for every salmon, 0.25d.;
+for every last of herrings (12 barrels), 6d.; for every horse load of
+honey, 1d.; for every wey of tallow (256 lbs.), 1d.; for every milstone,
+0.5d.; for 1,000 turfs, 0.25d.  For every other kind of merchandise not
+here specified, of value 5s. and over, 0.25d.; and the term of 3 years
+being ended, the said customs shall cease.  Witness the King, at
+Westminster, 9 Nov., 1389."
+
+Truly the kingly government was a paternal one to take cognizance of such
+petty local matters.  The "coggle" pavement of Horncastle is often
+complained of, but at least it had the royal sanction.
+
+A Roll of the 18th year of Edward III. (m 8), dated Westminster, 28 June,
+1344, is directed "to his very dear and faithful John de Kirketon, Fitz
+Hugh de Cressy," (and others) assigning them "to choose and array 100 men
+at arms in the County of Lincoln," and (among others) "6 hoblers in the
+vill of Horncastre, to be at Portsmouth, to set out with the King against
+Philip VI., de Valesco (Valois)."  This was the beginning of the campaign
+of Edward and his son the Black Prince, which terminated with the
+glorious battle of Cressy and the capture of Calais.  "Hoblers" were a
+sort of yeomanry who, by the terms of their tenure of land were bound to
+keep a light "nag" for military service.
+
+A Domestic State Paper of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 51, No. 12, III) contains
+the "Certificate of the town and soke of Horncastle to the artycles of
+the Queen's Majesty's most Honorable Pryvye Councell," dated 27 June,
+1569, shewing what "soldiers were furnished and went forth under Captaine
+Carsey."  These were formerly the well-known local troops called
+"trainbands."  The paper contains, further, accounts of payments for
+"towne common armour, jerkyns, swords, daggers, corslettes, 1 caline
+(piece of ordnance), conduct money (_i.e._ hire money), pioneers,
+victuals," &c.  Accounts rendered by Thomas Hamerton, Arthur Patchytt,
+Thomas Raythbeake (all formerly well known names in the town), and
+others.
+
+The head of the Carsey family was the owner of the Revesby Abbey Estate,
+and as such was lesse of the manor of Horncastle under the Bishop of
+Carlisle.  They sold their property, in 1575, to Thomas Cecil, son of
+Lord Treasurer Burleigh.
+
+There is another Carlisle document in connection with these trained bands
+among the same Domestic State Papers of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 199, No.
+7), in which the Earl of Rutland writes to Anthony Thorold, sheriff, that
+he has instructions "from the Lords of the Counsaile to put in strength
+the power of the realme for the maritime counties," and he asks him to
+"choose captaines for the yet untrained companies, and to supply the
+place of Mr. John Savile for Horncastle."  N.B.--The Saviles owned
+Poolham Hall in Edlington.  On this (State Papers, Eliz., Vol. 199, No.
+72) the Earl writes to Mr. Valentine Brown that he thinks him "meete to
+supply the place for Horncastle," dated London, 29 March, 1586-7.  Sir
+Valentine Brown was of Croft and East Kirkby, and Treasurer of Ireland;
+he married the daughter of Sir John Monson, ancestor of the present Lord
+Oxenbridge.
+
+Among the Domestic State Papers of Charles I. (Vol. 376, No. 123), is a
+petition from the inhabitants of Horncastle to Sir Anthony Irbie, Knt.,
+sheriff of the county, complaining that the town was over-rated for the
+payment of "ship-money," and praying for a reduction of the same.  The
+county was charged 8,000 pounds.  This rate, levied to maintain the navy,
+created widespread dissatisfaction and eventually led to the revolution.
+It was included among the grievances against which public protests were
+made in 1641.  The five judges who pronounced in its favour were
+imprisoned, and Hampden received a wound in a skirmish with Prince
+Rupert, from which he died, June 24, 1643.  Petitions were also presented
+to Sir Edward Hussey, sheriff, 1636-7, as given in Domestic State Papers,
+Charles I., Vol. 345, No. 42.
+
+                        [Picture: Horncastle map]
+
+It has been already stated that in the reign of Stephen this manor was
+held by Adelias, or Adelidis, de Cundi.  How this came about is not quite
+clear, whether it was inherited from her father, William de Cheney, who
+was probably among the Normans invited to immigrate by Edward the
+Confessor, since it would seem that at the time of the conquest he was
+already a large owner in the county, or from her husband, Robert de
+Cundi, a Fleming, probably named from the town and fortress of Conde on
+the frontier of France, situated on the Scheldt, in the department du
+Nord.  There is, however, evidence to show that she had other possessions
+of considerable value apparently in her own right in Nottinghamshire and
+Kent, as well as Lincolnshire. {16a}  She is described by the old
+chronicler, Geoffrey Gairmar, {16b} as a great patroness of learning and
+literature.
+
+The Cheneys, or Chesneys, were apparently of foreign extraction, as
+implied by their appellation "de Casineto."  They had considerable
+influence at various periods, one of them being knighted, another made a
+baron by Queen Elizabeth. {16c}  One, Robert de Cheney, was a powerful
+Bishop of Lincoln (A.D. 1147-67) and built one of the finest castles in
+England, the ruins of which still remain in the Palace grounds at
+Lincoln. {16d}  The Cheney pedigree is given in _The Genealogist_ of
+July, 1901.  They seem to have settled in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire,
+as well as in Lincolnshire.  Sir Thomas Cheney, K.G., was Lord Warden of
+the Cinque Ports in the latter part of the 16th century.  The Cheneys
+fell into decay towards the end of the 17th century, and at the beginning
+of the 18th century we find them in trade at Boston.  About 1750 William
+Garfit of Boston married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cheney, and the name,
+as a Christian name, still survives in that family.  The Cheneys, we may
+add, were among the ancestors of the Willoughbys, {16e} and the parish of
+Cheneys, in Bucks., doubtless named after them, is now the property of
+the Duke of Bedford.
+
+The granddaughter of Adelias de Cundi, Agnes, {16f} married Walter, son
+of Walter de Clifford of Clifford Castle, Hereford.  Walter Clifford is
+named in the first great charter of Henry III. (A.D. 1216), along with
+the great nobles Walter de Lacy, William de Ferrars, Earl of Derby,
+William, Earl of Albemarle, and others.
+
+William de Cheney, already mentioned as father of Adelias de Cundi, was
+"Lord of Caenby and Glentham," and Walter de Clifford also is mentioned
+in the charters of Barlings Abbey as giving to that monastery lands in
+Caenby and Glentham, along with the above Walter de Lacy.  The great
+feature of the reign of Stephen was the large number of castles erected
+by lords who were almost more powerful than their sovereign, and Adelias
+built her castle at Horncastle, where she resided in great state until,
+on her favouring the cause of the Empress Maud, daughter of the previous
+king, Henry I. (whereas Stephen was only his nephew), her lands were
+confiscated, and, as we have already seen, only restored on condition
+that her castle was demolished. {17a}  This restoration was, however,
+only for life and on her demise the manor reverted to the crown.
+
+The manor was next granted by Henry II. to Gerbald de Escald, a Flemish
+noble. {17b}  This is shewn by a record still preserved at Carlisle,
+dated 1274-5.  In the reign of Edward I. an inquisition was made at
+Lincoln, before 12 jurors of the soke of Horncastle, among the
+Commissioners being John de Haltham, Anselm de Rugthon (Roughton), Thomas
+de Camera (_i.e._ Chambers) of Horncastre, the King's Justices and
+others, when it was declared that "the Lord Henry III., the father of
+King Edward who now is, once had the manor of Horncastre, and he
+enfeoffed Gerbald de Escald, a knight of Flanders, thereof, for his
+service, viz., by doing one knight's fee for the Lord the King."
+
+Gerbald was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes.  This
+is shewn by a Carlisle document. {17c}  A dispute arose between Hugh, son
+of Ralph (surname not given) and Gerard de Rhodes, concerning the manor
+and soke of Horncastle, the advowson of the church, &c., which were
+claimed by the said Hugh; but a compromise was effected, 400 marks being
+paid to Hugh, and Gerard de Rhodes left in undisputed possession.
+
+It has been thought probable that this Ralph, father of Hugh, was
+Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who was lord of the manors of Revesby and
+Hareby, and had other possessions in the neighbourhood.  He, it is
+supposed, held the manor of Horncastle, as trustee, during the minority
+of Gerard.  Gerard was, in due course, succeeded by his son and heir,
+Ralph de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III.  This again is proved by a
+Feet of Fines, {17d} which records an "agreement made in the court of the
+Lord King at Westminster (3 Feb., A.D. 1224-5), between Henry del Ortiay
+and Sabina his wife on the one part, and the said Ralph de Rhodes on the
+other part," whereby the former acknowledge certain lands and
+appurtenances in Horncastle and its soke to be the property of the said
+Ralph, and he grants to them, as his tenants, certain lands; they, in
+acknowledgement, "rendering him therefor, by the year, one pair of gilt
+spurs at Easter for all service and exactions."
+
+We have now reached another stage in the tenure of this manor and find
+ourselves once more at the point where the present chapter opened.
+Hitherto the manor had been held "in capite" (or "in chief") of the king
+by lay lords, or, in the two cases of Queen Editha and Adelias de Condi,
+by a lady; but in this reign Walter Mauclerk, the third Bishop of
+Carlisle, purchased the manor from Ralph de Rhodes.  He was himself a
+powerful Norman and held the office of Treasurer of the Exchequer (a
+common combination of civil and ecclesiastical duties in those days), but
+now he and his successors were bound "to do suit and service to Ralph and
+his heirs."  This purchase is proved by a Lincoln document called a "Plea
+Quo Warranto," which records a case argued before the Justices Itinerant,
+in the reign of Edward I., when it was stated that Ralph de Rhodes
+"enfeoffed Walter Mauclerk to hold the church, manor and appurtenances in
+Horncastre, to him and his heirs, of the gift of the said Ralph." {18a}
+That the Bishop, although an ecclesiastic, was bound to do service to the
+heirs of Ralph is shown by another document, {18b} in which John, son of
+Gerard de Rhodes, a descendant of Ralph, makes a grant to certain parties
+of "the homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors, for the manor (&c.) of Horncastre, which Gerard, son of
+Gerard my brother, granted to me."  This is dated the 13th year of Edward
+I., 1285, whereas the actual sale of the manor took place in the reign of
+Henry III., A.D. 1230, and was confirmed by the king in the same year.
+{18c}
+
+We have called this another stage in the tenure of this manor and for
+this reason, an ecclesiastic of high rank, with the authority of the Pope
+of Rome at his back, was a more powerful subject than any lay baron, and
+this influence soon shewed itself, for while the lay lords of the manor
+had been content with doing their service to the king, and exacting
+service from those holding under them, the Bishop of Carlisle, in the
+first year of his tenure, obtained from the king three charters,
+conferring on the town of Horncastle immunities and privileges, which had
+the effect of raising the town from the status of little more than a
+village to that of the general mart of the surrounding country.  The
+first of these charters gave the bishop, as lord of the manor, the right
+of free warren throughout the soke {18d}; the second gave him licence to
+hold an annual fair two days before the feast of St. Barnabas (June 11),
+to continue eight days; the third empowered him to hang felons.  An
+additional charter was granted in the following year empowering the
+bishop to hold a weekly market on Wednesday (die Mercurii), which was
+afterwards changed to Saturday, on which day it is still held; also to
+hold another fair on the eve of the Feast of St. Laurence (Aug. 10th), to
+continue seven days. {18e}
+
+We here quote a few words of the original Carlisle charter, as shewing
+the style of such documents in those days: "Henry to all Bishops,
+Bailiffs, Provosts, servants, &c., health.  Know that we, by the guidance
+of God, and for the health of our soul, and of the souls of our ancestors
+and descendants, have granted, and confirmed by this present charter, to
+God, and the church of the blessed Mary of Carlisle, and to the Venerable
+Father, Walter, Bishop of Carlisle," &c.  It then goes on to specify,
+among other privileges, that the bishop shall have "all chattells of
+felons and fugitives, all amerciaments and fines from all men and tenants
+of the manor and soke; that the bishop and his successors shall be quit
+for ever to the king of all mercies, fines (&c.), that no constable of
+the king shall have power of entry, but that the whole shall pertain to
+the said bishop, except attachments touching pleas of the crown, and that
+all chattells, &c., either in the king's court, or any other, shall be
+the bishop's."  Then follow cases in which chattells of Robert Mawe, a
+fugitive, were demanded by the bishop, and 24 pounds exacted from the
+township of Horncastle in lieu thereof; also 40s. from William, son of
+Drogo de Horncastre, for trespass, and other fines from Ralph Ascer,
+bailiff.  Robert de Kirkby, &c., &c.  The same document states that the
+bishop has a gallows (furcae) at Horncastle for hanging offenders within
+the soke; and, in connection with this we may observe that in the south
+of the town is still a point called "Hangman's Corner."
+
+These extensive powers, however, would hardly seem (to use the words of
+the charter) to have been "for the good of the souls" of the bishop or
+his successors, since they rather had the effect of leading him to the
+abuse of his rights.  Accordingly, in the reign of Edward III., a plea
+was entered at Westminster, before the King's Justices, {19a} by which
+John, Bishop of Carlisle, was charged with resisting the authority of the
+king in the matter of the patronage of the benefice of Horncastle.  That
+benefice was usually in the gift of the bishop, but the rector, Simon de
+Islip, had been appointed by the king Archbishop of Canterbury and, in
+such circumstances, the crown by custom presents to the vacancy.  The
+bishop resisted and proceeded to appoint his own nominee, but the
+judgment of the court was against him.
+
+A somewhat similar case occurred a few years later. {19b}  Thomas de
+Appleby, the Bishop of Carlisle, and John de Rouseby, clerk, were
+"summoned to answer to the Lord the King, that they permit him to appoint
+to the church of Horncastre, vacant, and belonging to the king's gift, by
+reason of the bishopric of Carlisle being recently vacant."  It was
+argued that John de Kirkby, Bishop of Carlisle, had presented Simon de
+Islip to that benefice, afterwards created Archbishop of Canterbury, and
+that the temporalities (patronage, &c.) of the Bishopric of Carlisle
+therefore (for that turn) came to the king by the death of John de
+Kirkby, bishop.  The said bishop, Thomas de Appleby, and John de Rouseby
+brought the case before the court, but they admitted the justice of the
+king's plea and judgment was given for the king.
+
+We have said that although Walter Mauclerk, as Bishop of Carlisle, bought
+this manor from Ralph de Rhodes, he and his successors were still bound
+to "do suit and service" to Ralph and his heirs, and in the brief summary
+with which this chapter opened we named Roger le Scrope and Margaret his
+wife, with Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife, among those descendants of
+Ralph de Rhodes.  We have fuller mention of them in documents which we
+here quote.  In a Roll of the reign of Edward I., {19c} John, son of
+Gerard de Rhodes, says "Know all, present and future, that I, John, son
+of Gerard, have granted, and by this charter confirmed, to the Lord
+Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife (among other things) the homage and whole
+service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors, for the manor of
+Horncastre, with appurtenances, &c., which Gerard, son of Gerard my
+brother, granted to me, &c., to have and to hold of the Lord the King . .
+. rendering for them annually to me and my heirs 80 pounds sterling."
+While in another Roll {20a} of the reign of Richard II., the king states
+that having inspected the above he confirms the grants, not only to the
+said "Robert Tybetot and his wife Eve," but also "to our very dear and
+faithful Roger le Scrope and Margaret his wife," recognizing them, it
+would seem, as descendants of the earlier grantee, Gerbald de Escald,
+from whom they all inherited.
+
+Of these personages we may here say that both Tibetots and Le Scrope were
+of high position and influence.  The name of Thebetot, or Tibetot, is
+found in the Battle Abbey Roll, as given by the historians Stow and
+Holinshed; {20b} with a slight variation of name, as Tibtofts, they were
+Lords of Langer, Co. Notts., and afterwards Earls of Worcester. {20c}
+According to the historian, Camden, John Tibtoft was Lord-Lieutenant of
+Ireland under Henry VI., created by him Earl of Worcester, but executed
+for treason. {20d}  His successor, John, was Lord Deputy under Edward IV.
+{20e}  The last of the Tibetots, Robert, died without male issue; his
+three daughters were under the guardianship of Richard le Scrope, who
+married the eldest daughter, Margaret, to his son Roger.  This is the one
+named above in connection with Horncastle.  The Tibetot property of
+Langer, Notts., thus passed to the Le Scropes, and continued in that
+family down to Emanuel, created Earl of Sunderland by Charles I., AD.
+1628. {20f}  Castle Combe in Wiltshire was one of their residences, {20g}
+but their chief seat was Bolton in Richmondshire. {20h}  William le
+Scrope was created Earl of Wiltshire by Richard II., but beheaded when
+that king was dethroned and murdered, in 1399. {20i}  Richard le Scrope
+was Archbishop of York, but condemned by Henry IV. for treason. {20j}
+The name Le Scrope also appears in the Battle Abbey Roll of the
+Conqueror.  Thus in both Tibetots and Scropes Horncastle was connected
+with families who played a considerable part in public life.
+
+In the reign of Edward VI. there was a temporary change in the ownership
+of this manor.  Among the Carlisle Papers is one {20k} by which that king
+grants permission to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, to sell "to our
+very dear and faithful councellor, Edward Fynes, K.G., Lord Clinton and
+Saye, High Admiral of England, the lordship and soke of Horncastre, with
+all rights, appurtenances, &c., to hold to himself, his heirs and assigns
+for ever," and that he, the said Edward, "can give and grant to the said
+Robert, bishop, an annual rent of 28 pounds 6s. 8d."  We have, however,
+in this case an illustration of the instability even of royal decrees, in
+that on the demise of that worthy prince, to whom the realm and Church of
+England owe so much, his successor, Queen Mary, in the very next year,
+A.D. 1553, cancelled this sale, and a document exists at Carlisle {21a}
+showing that she "granted a licence," probably in effect compulsory, to
+the same Lord Clinton and Saye, "to alienate his lordship and soke of
+Horncastle and to re-convey it to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle."
+
+His Lordship would, however, appear to have continued to hold the manor
+on lease under the bishop, and to have acted in a somewhat high-handed
+manner to his spiritual superior, probably under the influence of the
+change in religious sentiment between the reigns of "the bloody Mary,"
+and her sister Elizabeth of glorious memory.  For again we find a
+document {21b} of the reign of the latter, in which the Bishop of
+Carlisle complains to Sir Francis Walsingham, the Queen's Commissioner,
+of a "book of Horncastle," which the Earl of Lincoln (the new title of
+Lord Clinton and Saye) had sent to him "to be sealed," because (he says)
+the earl, by the words of the grant, had taken from him "lands and tithes
+of the yearly value of 28 pounds 6s. 8d.," the exact sum, be it observed,
+above specified as the rent to be paid by Lord Clinton and Saye to the
+bishop, Robert Aldrich.  Of this, he asserts, "the see of Carlisle is
+seized and the earl is not in legal possession by his lease now 'in
+esse.'" {21c}  He wages his suit "the more boldly, because of the
+extraordinary charges he has been at, from the lamentable scarcity in the
+country, the great multitude of poor people, and other charges before he
+came had made him a poor man, and yet he must go on with it . . . the
+number of them which want food to keep their lives in their bodies is so
+pitiful.  If the Lord Warden and he did not charge themselves a great
+number would die of hunger, and some have done so," dated Rose Castle, 26
+May, 1578.
+
+His lordship, however, did one good turn to the town of Horncastle in
+founding the Grammar School, in the 13th year of the reign of Elizabeth,
+A.D. 1571, although (as we shall show in our chapter on the school) this
+was really not strictly a foundation but a re-establishment; as a grammar
+school is known to have existed in the town more than two centuries
+earlier.
+
+We have one more record of Lord Clinton's connection with the town, from
+which it would appear that the Priory of Bullington, near Wragby, and
+Kirkstead Abbey also had property in Horncastle.  A Carlisle document
+{21d} shows that in the reign of Edward VI. Lord Clinton and Saye
+received a grant of "lands, tenements and hereditaments in Horncastle,
+late in the tenure of Alexander Rose and his assigns, and formerly of the
+dissolved monastery of Bollington; also two tenements, one house, two
+'lez bark houses' (Horncastle tanners would seem even then to have
+flourished), one house called 'le kylne howse,' one 'le garthing,' 14
+terrages of land in the fields of Thornton, with appurtenances lying in
+Horncastle, &c., and once belonging to the monastery of Kyrkestead."
+
+As in other places the Clinton family seem to have been succeeded by the
+Thymelbys, of these we have several records.  An Escheator's Inquisition
+of the reign of Henry VIII., {22a} taken by Roger Hilton, at Horncastle,
+Oct. 5, 1512, shewed that "Richard Thymylby, Esquire, was seized of the
+manor of Parish-fee, in Horncastre, held of the Bishop of Carlisle, as of
+his soke of Horncastre, by fealty, and a rent of 7 pounds by the year."
+He was also "seized of one messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastre,
+called Fool-thyng, parcel of the said manor of Parish-fee." {22b}  The
+said Richard died 3 March, 3 Henry VIII. (A.D. 1512).  This was, however,
+by no means the first of this family connected with Horncastle.  Deriving
+their name from the parish of Thimbleby, in the soke of Horncastle, we
+find the first mention of a Thymelby in that parish in a post mortem
+Inquisition of the reign of Edward III., {22c} which shews that Nicholas
+de Thymelby then held land in Thimbleby under the Bishop of Carlisle,
+A.D. 1333; but nearly a century before that date a Lincoln document {22d}
+mentions one Ivo, son of Odo de Thymelby, as holding under the Bishop in
+Horncastle, in the reign of Henry III., A.D. 1248.
+
+Further, in the reign of Edward I., as is shewn by a Harleian MS., in the
+British Museum, {22e} Richard de Thymelby was Dean of Horncastle; Thomas,
+son of the above Nicholas de Thymelby, presented to the benefice of
+Ruckland in 1381, John de Thymelby presented to Tetford in 1388, and John
+again to Somersby in 1394, {22f} and other members of the family
+presented at later periods.  The family continued to advance in wealth
+and position until in the reign of Edward VI. it was found by an
+Inquisition {22g} that Matthew Thymelby, of Poolham (their chief
+residence in this neighbourhood), owned the manor of Thymbleby, that of
+Parish-fee in Horncastle and five others, with lands in eight other
+parishes, and the advowsons of Ruckland, Farforth, Somersby and Tetford.
+He married Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Hussey.  Other influential
+marriages were those of John Thymelby, "Lord of Polum" (Poolham), to
+Isabel, {22h} daughter of Sir John Fflete, Knt. (circa 1409); William
+(probably) to Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys (circa 1432), {22i} a
+connection of the Earl of Angus; Matthew's widow marrying Sir Robert
+Savile, Knt. {22j}
+
+      [Picture: Plan of Horncastle, 1908--from the Ordnance Survey]
+
+In connection with the marriage of William to Joan Tailboys we may
+mention that the base, all that now remains, of the churchyard cross at
+Tetford bears on its west side the Thimbleby arms "differenced" with
+those of Tailboys, the north side having the Thimbleby arms pure and
+simple. {24a}
+
+Another important marriage was that of Richard Thimbleby (A.D. 1510) to
+Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Godfrey Hilton of Irnham Manor near
+Grantham, through which alliance that property passed to the Thimblebys.
+It had been granted to Ralph Paganel by the Conqueror, afterwards passed
+to Sir Andrew Luterel, Knt., and later to Sir Geoffrey Hilton, Knt.
+Richard Thimbleby built Irnham Hall; he was succeeded by his son and
+heir, Sir John Thimbleby, who thus became the head of the family, which
+has in later times become almost extinct.  This fine mansion, in the
+Tudor style of architecture, standing in a deer park of more than 250
+acres, was destroyed by fire, Nov. 12, 1887, being then owned by W.
+Hervey Woodhouse, Esq., who bought it of Lord Clifford's son. {24b}
+
+Turning again to the Carlisle documents we find one of the reign of
+Edward III., {24c} giving an agreement made in the King's Court at
+Westminster (20 Jan., 1353-4), "between Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, plaintiff, and Henry Colvile, knt., and Margaret his wife,
+deforciants," whereby, among other property, the latter acknowledge that
+certain "messuages, one mill, ten acres of land (_i.e._ arable), two
+pastures, and 7 pounds of rent, with appurtenances, in Horncastre,
+Thimilby, and Bokeland (_i.e._ Woodhall), are of the right of the said
+Thomas; and for this the said Thomas gives to the said Henry and Margaret
+200 marks of silver."
+
+Another document of the same reign, {24d} of date 1360-1, states that
+Gilbert de Wilton, Bishop of Carlisle, "gives 60s. for the King's licence
+to remit to Thomas son of Nicholas de Thymelby, and John his younger
+brother, the service of being Reeve (_i.e._ Bailiff) of the Bishop, and
+other services, which are due from him to the said Bishop for lands and
+tenements held of the said Bishop in Horncastre," and elsewhere.  Another
+document, {24e} dated a few years later, shews an agreement made at
+Westminster, between Thomas Thymelby and his brother John, on the one
+part, and Frederick de Semerton and Amice his wife, deforciants,
+concerning four tofts, certain land, and 7 pounds of rent, with
+appurtenances, in Horncastre and contiguous parts, by which "the said
+Frederick and Amice acknowledge these (properties) to be of the right of
+the said Thomas and his brother," and for this Thomas pays them 100 marks
+of silver.  Two other Carlisle documents of considerably later date refer
+to members of this same family of Thymelby, but are chiefly of value as
+introducing to us a new name among Horncastle owners of land.
+
+A Chancery Inquisition {24f} taken at Horncastle, 24 Sept., 1612, shews
+that "John Kent, of Langton, was seized in his manor of Horncastell, with
+the appurtenances, called Parish-fee, and certain messuages, cottages,
+land and meadows in Horncastell (and elsewhere), lately purchased of
+Robert Savile and Richard Thymelby," and "held under the Bishop of
+Carlisle by fealty," . . . that "the said John Kent died 19 Sept., 1611,
+and that William Kent, his son, is next heir."
+
+We have already seen that, about 60 years before, the widow of Matthew
+Thymelby had married Sir Robert Savile; he belonged to an old and
+influential family now represented by Lord Savile of Rufford Abbey,
+Notts., and the Earl of Mexborough, Methley Park, Yorkshire.  By the
+aforesaid marriage the bulk of the Thymelby property passed to the
+Saviles, and like the Thymelbys they had their chief residence, in this
+neighbourhood, at Poolham Hall, owning among many other possessions the
+aforesaid sub-manor of Parish-fee in Horncastle, which, as we have seen,
+was sold by their joint action to John Kent of Langton.  We have already
+had mention of a John Savile who was apparently captain of the "trained
+band" connected with Horncastle in the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1586 (see
+p. 14); Gervase Holles mentions this John Savile as joint lord of
+Somersby with Andrew Gedney, and lord of Tetford in the same reign.
+(_Collectanea_, vol. iii, p. 770).
+
+From another document {25a} it would seem that, some 10 or 11 years
+later, Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile were involved in a more than
+questionable transaction with regard to the property thus transferred.
+Among the Carlisle papers is a Petition in Chancery, of which we here
+give the text, slightly abridged, as it is remarkable, and fittingly
+brings to a close our notices of the Thymelbys in connection with
+Horncastle.
+
+To the Right Honble. Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., Lord Chancellor of England.
+Complainant sheweth, on the oath of your petitioner, Evan Reignolds, of
+St. Catherine's, Co. Middlesex, gent., and Joan his wife, that, whereas
+Richard Thymelby, some time of Poleham, Co. Lincoln, Esq., deceased, was
+seized of the manors of Poleham, Thimbleby, Horsington, Stixwold,
+Buckland, Horncastle, Edlington (&c.), and tenements in Langton,
+Blankney, Baumber, and in one pasture inclosed for 1000 sheep, called
+Heirick (High-Rig, in Woodhall, near Poolham) pasture, &c., whereof
+Robert Savile was seized for life, conveyed the same to his father-in-law
+Robert Savile . . . the said Richard Thymelby, going up to London,
+negotiated to sell the property to one Richard Gardiner, and for 2,300
+pounds engaged, at his desire, to convey all to John Wooton, the 2,300
+pounds was paid to Richard Thymelby and bargain settled July 15, 6
+Elizabeth (A.D. 1564). {25b}  A dispute arose in the following year
+between Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile, which was submitted to
+arbitrators (Feb. 15, 7 Elizabeth), who ordered Richard Thymelby to pay
+Robert Savile 1,500 pounds, and Robert Savile should then convey all to
+Richard Thymelby.  The 1,500 pounds was paid and afterwards the two
+"confederated to defraud the said Richard Gardiner and conveyed the said
+manors to John Kent."  The judgment of the court is not given, but
+neither of the defendants, surely, cut a very creditable figure, and
+Richard Thymelby, suitably, we must admit, passes from the scene.
+
+Of the Saviles we may here give a few more particulars.  Gervase Holles,
+the antiquary, mentions in his _Collectanea_ (vol. iii, p. 770) John
+Savile, Esq., as Lord of the Manor of Tetford, in this neighbourhood, in
+the reign of Elizabeth, and as joint Lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney,
+Esq. (of the latter and his wife there is a very fine sepulchral monument
+in the church of the adjoining parish of Bag Enderby).  The most
+distinguished literary member of the family was Sir Henry Savile, a
+learned mathematician, Fellow and Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and
+Provost of Eton; a munificent patron of learning, founding Professorships
+of Astronomy and Geography at his University; he wrote a _Treatise on
+Roman Warfare_, but his great work was a translation of the writings of
+St. Chrysostom, a monument of industry and learning; he was knighted by
+James I., and his bust is carved in stone in the quadrangle of the
+Bodleian Library at Oxford, among those of other benefactors.  Charles I.
+conferred the Earldom of Sussex on Thomas, Lord Savile of Pontefract.
+Several members of the family were Seneschals, or Stewards, of Wakefield.
+George was created Marquis of Halifax, another was Baron of the
+Exchequer.  The name is given in the Conqueror's Roll of Battle Abbey
+(A.D. 1066), Hollinshed's version, as Sent Ville, in Stow's version as
+Sant Vile, while a Chancery Inquisition (of 18 Henry VII., No. 46,
+_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 17) gives it as Say-vile, and
+on the analogy of Nevill, formerly de Nova-villa, we may perhaps assume
+that the original form was de Sancta-villa (or "of the Holy City"); which
+may well have been adopted by one who had made a pilgrimage to
+Canterbury, Rome, or Jerusalem itself.
+
+I should, however, add that a member of the family, Miss Elizabeth J.
+Savile, who has herself dug to the roots of the genealogical tree, gives
+a different version of their origin.  According to her they are descended
+from the Dukes de Savelli, who again trace their lineage from the still
+more ancient Sabella in Italy.  When John Savile, 2nd son of Sir John
+Savile, travelled in Italy in the time of James I., the then Duke de
+Savelli received him as a kinsman.  Of this family were the Popes
+Honorius III. and Honorius IV.  A MS. Visitation in the British Museum
+says "It is conceived, that this family came into England with Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, rather than with the Conqueror, because there are two towns
+of this name on the frontiers of Anjou, both of which were annexed to the
+crown of England when the said Geoffrey married Maud, sole daughter and
+heir of Henry I."  This is said to have been taken from the Savile
+pedigree in the keeping of Henry Savile of Bowlings, Esq., living in
+1665.  The Saviles of Methley trace their descent, in the male line, from
+this Sir John Savile of Savile Hall.  One branch, the Saviles of
+Thornhill, are now represented in the female line by the Duke of
+Devonshire, and the Savile Foljambes, one of whom is the present Lord
+Hawkesbury.  The Saviles of Copley, now extinct, are represented by the
+Duke of Norfolk, and a younger branch by the Earls of Mexborough.  The
+opinion that they came from Anjou is generally accepted, the authorities
+being _Yorkshire Pedigrees_, _British Museum Visitations_, Gregorovius,
+uno frio, Panvinio, and other chroniclers.
+
+We now proceed to notice the other persons, of more or less repute, who
+were at various periods owners in Horncastle.  In the 3rd year of King
+John we find Gerard de Camville paying fees for land in Horncastle by his
+deputy, Hugo Fitz Richard, to the amount of 836 pounds, which was a large
+sum in those days. {26a}  He was sheriff of the county, A.D. 1190, along
+with Hugo. {26b}  The name, however, is more known for the celebrated
+defence of Lincoln Castle by Nicholaia de Camville against the besieging
+forces of King Stephen in 1191, and again in her old age against Henry
+III., assisted by Louis, Dauphin of France.  An ancestor of William de
+Camville is named in the Battle Abbey Roll, among those Normans who came
+over with the Conqueror.
+
+William de Lizures and Eudo de Bavent are also named as paying similar
+fees, though to smaller amounts.  The de Lizures were a powerful
+Yorkshire family, who inter-married with the De Lacys of Pontefract
+Castle and inherited some of their large estates. {27a}  Among these, one
+was the neighbouring manor of Kirkby-on-Bain, which would seem to have
+passed to the Lady Albreda Lizures; {27b} they probably derived their
+name from the town of Lisieux, near Harfleur in Normandy.  We soon lose
+sight of this family in England, and they seem to have migrated northward
+and to have acquired lands in Scotland.  The name De Lizures is common in
+Scottish Cartularies, for instance in the Cartulary of Kelso, p. 257
+(_Notes & Queries_, series 2, vol. xii, p. 435).  In 1317 William and
+Gregory de Lizures were Lords of Gorton, and held lands near Roslyn
+Castle, Edinburgh (_Genealogie of the Saint Claires of Roslyn_, by Father
+Augustin Hay, re-published Edinburgh, 1835), [_Notes & Queries_, 3rd
+series, vol. i, p. 173].
+
+The De Bavents were also a distinguished family, their connection with
+Horncastle survives in the name of a field in the south of the parish, on
+the Rye farm, which is called "Bavent's Close."  A few particulars of
+this family may not be without interest.  The earliest named are Richard
+de Bavent in 1160, {27c} and Eudo de Bavent in 1161, {27d} as holding the
+manor of Mareham-le-Fen, in the extreme south of the Horncastle soke,
+under Henry II., "by service of falconry." {27e}  Eudo (about 1200) gave
+"to God, the Cathedral, and Chapter of Lincoln," his lands in the north
+fen of Bilsby. {27f}  The family seem to have gradually increased their
+possessions in this neighbourhood.  In 1290, under Edward I., we find
+Jollan de Bavent holding lands in Billesby and Winceby, as well as
+Mareham. {27g}  In 1319, under Edward II., Robert de Bavent holds his
+land in Billesby of the King by the service of supplying "3 falcons for
+the royal use," {27h} and, under Edward III., certain trustees of Peter
+de Bavent, by his will, transfer the manor of Mareham to the convent of
+Revesby, to provide a monk who shall daily throughout the year say masses
+"for the souls of the said Peter and Catherine, his wife, for ever."
+{27i}  Truly "L' homme propose, et Dieu dispose," for from this time
+forward we hear little of the Bavents.  They may "call their lands after
+their own names," "Bavent's Close" survives, but of the whilom owner we
+can only say, in the words of Coleridge:
+
+    The knight's bones are dust,
+       And his good sword rust,
+    His soul is with
+       The saints, we trust.
+
+Another family of distinction connected with Horncastle was that of the
+Angevines.  Among the Carlisle documents is one {27j} shewing that a
+trial was held at Horncastle (A.D. 1489-90), in which Sir Robert Dymoke,
+Knt., and William Angevin, Esq., recovered possession of 400 acres of
+land, with tofts and appurtenances, in Horncastle and its soke, from John
+Hodgisson and his wife, John Cracroft, Gervase Clifton (of Clifton) and
+others.  This family probably acquired their name thus: William the
+Conqueror brought to England from Normandy a body of troops called the
+"Angevine auxiliaries" (from the province of Anjou), and their
+descendants were granted lands in various parts of the kingdom.  One
+family especially seems to have adopted this name, which was variously
+spelt as Angevine, Aungelyne, Aungeby, &c.; they settled in various parts
+of this county at an early period, and Horncastle being a royal manor
+they naturally were located in this neighbourhood.  We find traces of
+them at Whaplode in the south, Saltfleetby in the north, and
+Theddlethorpe midway, in the 12th and 14th centuries. {28a}  Among
+Lincoln records is the will of Robert Angevin, Gent., {28b} of Langton by
+Horncastle, dated 25 April, 1545, in which he requests to be buried in
+the Church of St. Margaret (then a much larger edifice than the present);
+he leaves to his son land in Hameringham, and to his widow, for life, and
+his four daughters, lands in Burnsall, Hebden, Conyseat and Norton, in
+the County of York.  His brother, John Angevin, resided at West Ashby,
+then a hamlet of Horncastle.  William Angevin, Gent., of Theddlethorpe
+{28c} is named in the official list of Lincolnshire freeholders made in
+1561, and the name also appears in the Visitation of 1562, but all traces
+of the family disappear before the time of the commonwealth.
+
+The same Carlisle document {28d} mentions Thomas Fitz-William as
+concerned in the said dispute, as being a Horncastle proprietor; while,
+further, another Carlisle document of the time of Henry VIII., shows that
+Thomas Fitz-William, Esq., was seized of one capital messuage, 6 other
+messuages, 4 tofts and 100 acres of land in Horncastle, held of the Prior
+of Carlisle, and John Fitz-William was his heir. {28e}  The Fitz-Williams
+again were a very ancient and distinguished family, the name is found in
+the Battle Abbey Roll of William the Conqueror.  The family claim descent
+from Sir William Fitz-Goderic, cousin of King Edward the Confessor.  His
+son, Sir William Fitz-William, has been said (as the name might imply) to
+have been really a natural son of William the Conqueror himself, {28f}
+but the more generally accepted version is that Fitz-Goderic was his
+father.  Sir William Fitz-William accompanied the Duke of Normandy to
+England as Marshal of his army, and for his bravery at the battle of
+Hastings the Conqueror gave him a scarf from his own arm.  A descendant,
+in the reign of Elizabeth, was thrice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; he was
+also Governor of Fotheringhay Castle when the unfortunate Queen Mary of
+Scotland was imprisoned there, and before she was beheaded she gave him a
+portrait of herself, which is still preserved at Milton House, near
+Peterborough, one of the seats of the Earls Fitz-William, who now
+represent the family, Baron of Milton being their second title.  A Patent
+of Edward IV. (A.D. 1461) {28g} shows that Richard Fitz-William had the
+privilege granted to him by that King of "free warren" at Ulceby, near
+Alford.
+
+An Inquisition in the reign of Henry VII. {29a} (A.D. 1502) shows that
+Thomas Fitz-William held the manors of Mavis Enderby, Maidenwell and
+Mablethorpe.  The list of magistrates for the county in the reign of
+Henry VIII. {29b} contains the name of George Fitz-William along with
+Lionel Dymoke, Lord Willoughby, and others; while an Inquisition held
+five years later {29c} shews that Thomas Fitz-William held the
+aforementioned manor of Ulceby, by the "service of 1 falcon annually to
+the King."  Sir William Fitz-William in the same reign {29d} was Lord
+High Admiral.  John Fitz-William is named in the Herald's list of county
+gentry in the 16th century as residing at Skidbrook, a hamlet of
+Saltfleet Haven, {29e} and William Fitz-William, Esq., supplied "one
+lance and two light horse" when the Spanish Armada was expected to invade
+England, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. {29f}  William Fitz-William of
+Mablethorpe {29g} married, in 1536, Elizabeth daughter of Sir Robert
+Tyrwhitt, of Kettlethorpe, a member of a very old Lincolnshire family,
+still owning property in this neighbourhood; and in 1644 Sir William
+Wentworth, {29h} a scion of a younger branch, married Elizabeth, daughter
+and co-heir of Thomas Savile, of Wakefield, whose family we have already
+mentioned as connected with Horncastle.
+
+In 1620 the head of the Fitz-William family was created an Irish Peer; in
+1742 the 3rd Baron was made Baron Milton in the peerage of Great Britain;
+and, 4 years later, Earl Fitz-William.  In 1782, on the death of his
+uncle, the last Marquis of Rockingham, the Earl of that day succeeded to
+the Yorkshire and Northamptonshire estates of the Wentworths, and in 1807
+they took the name of Wentworth as an affix.  In the early part of the
+19th century the name became again connected with Horncastle, when Earl
+Fitz-William, grandfather of the present Earl, hunted the local pack of
+foxhounds, which were kept in Horncastle, in what is still called
+Dog-kennel Yard, at the back of St. Lawrence Street.  An old friend,
+formerly practicing as a Doctor in Horncastle, but lately deceased, has
+told the writer that he remembered seeing the Earl's hounds breaking
+cover from Whitehall Wood, in the parish of Martin.
+
+There is one more Carlisle document deserving of quotation as it is of a
+peculiar nature.  A Patent Roll of the reign of Elizabeth, {29i} A.D.
+1577, records that a "pardon" was granted to "Sir Thomas Cecil, Knt., for
+acquiring the manor of Langton (by Horncastle) with appurtenances, and 30
+messuages, 20 cottages, 40 tofts, 4 dove-cotes, 40 gardens, 30 orchards,
+1,400 acres of (cultivated) land, 100 acres of wood, 100 acres of furze
+and heath, 200 acres of marsh, 40s. of rent, and common pasture, with
+appurtenances, in Horncastle, Thimbleby, Martin, Thornton and Woodhall,
+from Philip Tylney, Esq., by fine levied without licence."  This was a
+somewhat extensive acquisition.  We have already recorded a more than
+questionable transaction in the transfer of land by Richard Thymelby and
+Robert Savile, A.D. 1564, and this transaction of Sir Thomas Cecil, 13
+years later, seems also to have been in some way irregular, since it
+needed the royal "pardon."
+
+There is nothing to show who this Philip Tylney was, who acted on this
+occasion as vendor, but Sir Thomas Cecil was the son of the great Lord
+Treasurer Burghley, who was Secretary of State under Edward VI., and for
+40 years guided the Councils of Queen Elizabeth.  Sir Thomas himself was
+a high official under Elizabeth and King James I.; he was knighted in
+1575, received the Order of the Garter in 1601; under James I. he was
+made Privy Councillor, and having succeeded his father as Baron Burghley,
+was created by James Earl of Exeter.  His brother Sir Robert also held
+high office and was made in 1603 Baron Cecil, in 1604 Viscount
+Cranbourne, in 1605 Earl of Salisbury.  Thomas Cecil died Feb. 7, 1622,
+aged 80, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.  He married 1st Dorothy,
+daughter of John Nevil, Lord Latimer, and 2nd, Frances, daughter of Lord
+Chandos.  He was, doubtless, a man of large ideas and great ambition, his
+royal mistress was herself Lady of the manor of Horncastle, and
+Horncastle having thus been brought under his notice, he may have been
+too grasping in compassing his purposes.  The Revesby Charters {30a} show
+that he purchased that estate in 1575.
+
+We may add that the Cecils were descended from an ancient family located
+in Wales soon after the Norman Conquest, and acquired large possessions
+in the reign of King Rufus; the 14th in descent was David Cecil of
+Stamford, Sergeant at Arms to King Henry VIII., he was grandfather to the
+1st Lord Burghley. {30b}  The present representatives of this old family
+are the Marquis of Exeter of Burghley House, Stamford, and the Marquis of
+Salisbury of Hatfield House, Herts.
+
+We have now reached the end of a somewhat lengthy series of owners
+formerly connected with Horncastle, its manor, and its soke, bringing us
+down to the early part of the 17th century, and we think that few towns,
+of its size, could show such a record of distinguished names.  The
+information available as to more recent periods is more meagre.  The
+Bishops of Carlisle continued to hold the manor down to the year 1856,
+and various parties held leases of it under them, they themselves
+residing here from time to time, {30c} until the episcopal palace was
+demolished in 1770, when the present Manor House was erected on its site.
+
+We have already stated that Queen Elizabeth leased the manor from the
+Bishop of Carlisle of that date, she was succeeded in the lease by King
+James I., who transferred it to Sir Henry Clinton, but owing to a legal
+error in that transaction, it proved void.  One of the said Bishops in
+the next reign was Dr. Robert Snowden, whose family were located in this
+neighbourhood, his son being Vicar of Horncastle.  Abigail Snowden
+married Edward, son of Sir Edward Dymoke, Knt., in 1654, and Jane Snowden
+married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby Court; the former belonged to
+the, so called, Tetford branch of the Dymokes, who have of late years
+also succeeded to the Scrivelsby property.  Bishop Robert Snowden granted
+a lease of the Horncastle manor to his kinsman, Rutland Snowden, and his
+assignees for three lives; but this would appear to have been afterwards
+cancelled, owing to the "delinquency" of the first grantee. {31a}  The
+name of this Rutland Snowden appears in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry
+who were entitled to bear arms, at the Herald's Visitation of 1634. {31b}
+
+A break in the continuity of the sub-tenure of the manor here occurs, but
+not of long duration.  The family of Banks are next found holding the
+lease, under the said bishops; the most distinguished of them being Sir
+Joseph Banks, the eminent naturalist, and patron of science in almost
+every form; who visited Newfoundland in pursuit of his favourite study;
+accompanied Captain Cook in his voyage to the South Seas; visited Iceland
+with Dr. Solander, the pupil of Linnaeus; made large natural history and
+antiquarian collections; {31c} became President of the Royal Society; and
+was largely instrumental in forming the schemes for the drainage and
+inclosure of the fens; and other works of public utility.  His family
+acquired the Revesby Abbey estates in 1714, and were closely connected
+with Horncastle for more than a century, as he died in 1820.
+
+One of his ancestors, also Joseph, was M.P. for Grimsby and Totnes;
+another, also Joseph, had a daughter, Eleonora, who married the Honble.
+Henry Grenville, and was mother of the Countess Stanhope.  Through this
+last connection, on the demise of Sir Joseph, the leased manor passed, as
+the nearest male relative, to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope,
+who served in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo.  He died three years
+later, in 1823, and was succeeded by the late James Banks Stanhope, Esq.,
+then a minor, and afterwards M.P. for North Lincolnshire; who, some years
+ago, transferred all his manorial rights to the Right Honble. Edward
+Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th Earl Stanhope, and M.P. for the Horncastle
+Division.  He died 22 December, 1898, and his widow, the Honble. Mrs.
+Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, became Lady of the Manor; this, on her decease
+in 1907 reverting to the family of the Earl Stanhope, of Chevening Park,
+Sevenoaks, Kent, in the person of his son, the Honble. Richard Stanhope,
+now residing at Revesby Abbey.
+
+In 1856 the manoral rights of the Bishops of Carlisle were transferred to
+the See of Lincoln, and the Bishop of Lincoln is now _ex officio_ Patron
+of the Benefice.  The head of the Stanhope family is still the chief
+owner of property in Horncastle; other owners being the Vicar with 92
+acres, the representatives of the late Sigismund Trafford Southwell with
+67 acres, representatives of the late W. B. Walter (now Majer Traves)
+with 58 acres; while Coningtons, Clitherows, Rev. Richard Ward, and about
+100 other proprietors hold smaller portions.  We have mentioned the
+influence of Sir Joseph Banks in the drainage and enclosure of the fens,
+and on the completion of that important work in Wildmore Fen, in 1813,
+some 600 acres were added to the soke of Horncastle, about 80 acres being
+assigned to the manor, while the glebe of the Vicar was increased so that
+it now comprises 370 acres.
+
+We conclude this chapter with another record of the past, which should
+not be omitted.  It is somewhat remarkable that although Horncastle has
+been connected with so many personages of distinction as proprietors, and
+for about 600 years (as already shewn) with royalty itself, as an
+appanage of the crown, it has only once been visited by royalty in
+person.  History tells {32a} that "on Sep. 12, 1406, Henry IV. made a
+royal procession" from this town (probably coming hither from Bolingbroke
+Castle, his birthplace), "with a great and honourable company, to the
+Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot and monks came out, in ecclesiastical
+state, to meet him," and he was royally entertained by them.  We may
+perhaps assume that as his father, John of Gaunt, had a palace at
+Lincoln, {32b} he was on his way thither, where also his half brother,
+Henry Beaufort, had been Bishop, but was promoted two years before this
+to the See of Winchester.
+
+The nearest approach to another royal visit was that of the Protector,
+Oliver Cromwell, which however was of a private character.  Although
+historians do not generally relate it, it is locally understood that,
+after the Battle of Winceby, on Oct. 11, 1643, Cromwell personally came
+to Horncastle to see that proper honours were paid, by the churchwarden,
+Mr. Hamerton, to the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, slain on that eventful
+day in single combat with Cromwell himself, who pronounced him to be "a
+brave gentleman," he having, indeed, first unhorsed Cromwell.  This visit
+would seem to be further proved by the fact that a man, named John
+Barber, died in Horncastle, aged 95, A.D. 1855 (or 1856), whose
+grandfather remembered Cromwell, on that occasion, sleeping in the house
+now called Cromwell House, in West Street (or rather an older house on
+the same site); while in the parish register of West Barkwith there is an
+entry of the burial of Nicholas Vickers, in 1719, with the additional
+note that he "guided Cromwell over Market Rasen Moor," in his journey
+northward after the battle.  He may well, therefore, have taken
+Horncastle on his way.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+Having, so far, dealt with the more or less conjectural, prehistoric
+period of Horncastle's existence in Chapter I, and with the Manor and its
+ownership in Chapter II, we now proceed to give an account of the town's
+institutions, its buildings, and so forth.  Among these the Parish
+Church, naturally, claims precedence.
+
+
+
+ST.  MARY'S CHURCH.
+
+
+This is probably not the original parish church.  There is no mention of
+a church in _Domesday Book_, and although this is not quite conclusive
+evidence, it is likely that no church existed at that date (circa 1085
+A.D.); but in Testa de Nevill (temp. Richard I.) we find "Ecclesia de
+Horncastre," named with those of (West) Ashby, High Toynton, Mareham
+(-on-the-Hill), and (Wood) Enderby, as being in the gift of the King;
+{33a} while at an Inquisition post mortem, taken at Horncastle, 8 Richard
+II., No. 99, {33b} the Jurors say that "the Lord King Edward (I.), son of
+King Henry (III.), gave to Gilbert, Prior of the alien Priory of
+Wyllesforth, and his successors, 2 messuages, and 6 oxgangs (90 acres) of
+land, and the site of the Chapel of St. Laurence, with the appurtenances,
+in Horncastre," on condition that they find a fit chaplain to celebrate
+mass in the said chapel three days in every week "for the souls of the
+progenitors of the said King, and his successors, for ever."  This chapel
+probably stood near the street running northwards from the Market Place,
+now called St. Lawrence Street, though, a few years ago, it was commonly
+called "Pudding Lane."  It is said to have formerly been a main street
+and at the head of it stood the Market Cross.  Bodies have at various
+times been found interred near this street, indicating the vicinity of a
+place of worship, and, when a block of houses were removed in 1892, by
+the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, Lord of the Manor, to enlarge the Market
+Place, several fragments of Norman pillars were found, which, doubtless,
+once belonged to the Norman Chapel of St. Lawrence. {34}
+
+The date of St. Mary's Church, as indicated by the oldest part of it, the
+lower portion of the tower, is early in the 13th century.  "It is a good
+example of a town church of the second class (as said the late Precentor
+Venables, who was a good judge) in no way, indeed, rivalling such
+churches as those of Boston, Louth, Spalding or Grantham; nay even many a
+Lincolnshire village has a finer edifice, but the general effect, after
+various improvements, is, to say the least, pleasing, and it has its
+interesting features.  The plan of the church (he says) is normal; it
+consists of nave, with north and south aisles; chancel, with south aisle
+and north chantry, the modern vestry being eastward of this; a plain low
+tower, crowned with wooden spirelet and covered with lead.  Taking these
+in detail: the tower has two lancet windows in the lower part of the west
+wall, above these a small debased window, and again, above this, a
+two-light window of the Decorated style, similar windows on the north and
+south sides, and at the top an embattled Perpendicular parapet.  The
+tower opens on the nave with a lofty arch, having pilaster buttresses,
+which terminate above the uppermost of two strings; the base is raised
+above the nave by three steps, the font being on a projection of the
+first step.  This lower portion of the tower is the oldest part of the
+church, dating from the Early English period.  The chamber where the
+bells are hung is, by the modern arrangement, above this lower
+compartment, and is approached by a winding staircase built on the
+outside of the southern wall, a slight disfigurement."
+
+There are six bells, with the following inscriptions:--
+
+(1)  Lectum fuge.  Discute somnum.  G. S. T. W. H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.
+
+(2)  In templo venerare Deum.  H. Penn nos fudit.  Cornucastri.
+
+(3)  Supplicem Deus audit.  Daniel Hedderley cast me.  1727.
+
+(4) Tho. Osborn fecit.  Downham, Norfolk. 1801.  Tho. Bryan and D. Brown,
+Churchwardens.
+
+(5)  Dum spiras, spera.  H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.  Tho. et Sam. Hamerton
+Aeditivi.
+
+(6)  Exeat e busto.  Auspice Christo.  Tho. Loddington, LL.D., Vicar H P.
+1717.
+
+Near the south Priest's door, in the chancel, a bell, about 1 ft. in
+height, stands on the floor, unused; this was the bell of a former clock
+in the tower.  The "Pancake Bell" is rung on Shrove Tuesday, at 10 a.m.;
+the Curfew at 8 p.m., from Oct. 11 to April 6, except Saturdays, at 7
+p.m., and omitting from St. Thomas's Day to Plough Monday.  The "Grammar
+School Bell" used to be rung daily, Sundays excepted, at 7 a.m., but of
+late years this has been discontinued, the Governors refusing to pay for
+it.
+
+The fabric of the nave is of the Decorated style, though modern in date,
+with Perpendicular clerestory, having five three-light windows, on the
+north and south sides.  The arcades are of four bays, with chamfered
+equilateral arches, springing from shafted piers; the capitals of the two
+central ones being ornamented with foliage of a decorated character; the
+others being plain.  Each aisle has three three-light windows, of
+decorated style, in the side wall, and a fourth at the west end; these
+are modern, the north aisle having been re-built in 1820 and the south
+aisle in 1821.  There are north and south porches.
+
+The chancel arch is modern, the carving of its caps being very delicate.
+On the north side the outline of the doorway, formerly leading to the
+rood loft, is still visible, and below, on the west side of the chancel
+wall, is a well-carved statue bracket of floriated character, which was
+transferred from the chancel, and on the south side a still older one,
+much plainer.
+
+                       [Picture: St. Mary's Church]
+
+The east window of the chancel is said to be an enlarged copy of the east
+window of the neighbouring Haltham Church.  It has five lights, with
+flamboyant tracery above, and is filled with rich coloured glass, by
+Heaton, Butler & Bayne; the subjects being, on the north side, above "The
+Annunciation," below "The Nativity;" 2nd light, above "The Adoration,"
+below "The Flight into Egypt;" central light, above "The Crucifixion,"
+below "The Entombment;" next light, on south, above "Women at the
+Sepulchre;" below "Feed my Lambs;" southernmost light, above "The
+Ascension," below "Pentecost."  In the upper tracery are "Censing Angels"
+and "Instruments of the Passion."  This window cost about 280 pounds and
+is dedicated to the memory of the late Vicar, Prebendary W. H. Milner,
+who was largely instrumental in the restoration of the church, in 1861,
+and died Oct. 3, 1868.  In that restoration the architect was the late
+Mr. Ewan Christian, and the contractors for the work Messrs. Lea & Ashton
+of Retford.  The cost of the restoration of the chancel was defrayed by
+J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., as Lord of the Manor and Lay Rector, the rest
+being done by subscriptions amounting to about 4,000 pounds.
+
+The present organ was originally designed by Mr. John Tunstall, and built
+by Messrs. Gray & Davidson, of London, at a cost of about 400 pounds.  As
+re-constructed by Mr. Nicholson, of Lincoln, it contains 3 manuals, a
+fine pedal organ with 45 stops, and more than 2,500 pipes.  It cost more
+than 2,000 pounds, 1,350 pounds of which was contributed by the late
+Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, Horncastle.  At a later date
+a trumpet was added, costing 120 pounds, the result being probably as
+fine an instrument as any in the county.  For many years the organist was
+Mr. William Wakelin, whose musical talent was universally acknowledged;
+on his unfortunate sudden death, on March 1st, 1908, he was succeeded by
+Mr. Hughes, recently Assistant Organist of Ely Cathedral.
+
+Beneath the east window is a handsome carved Reredos of Caen stone,
+somewhat heavy in style, having five panels, two on each side containing
+figures of the four evangelists, the central subject being "The Agony in
+the Garden."  In this the figure of the Saviour is exquisitely designed;
+below are the three sleeping disciples, while above are two ministering
+angels, one holding a crown of thorns, the other the "cup of bitterness."
+The panels have richly crocketed canopies, the central one being
+surmounted by a floriated cross.  They are filled with diaper work, and
+the supporting pilasters are of various-coloured Irish marbles.  The
+whole was designed by C. E. Giles, Esq., cousin of the late Vicar,
+Prebendary Robert Giles.
+
+In the jamb, south of the Communion Table, is a Piscina; in the north
+wall a square aumbrey and a curious iron-barred opening, which was
+probably a Hagioscope for the Chantry behind.  The present Vestry in the
+north-east corner is modern, built on the site where there was formerly a
+coalhouse, and, at a later date, a shed for the town fire-engine.
+
+The Chancel has an arcade of three bays on the south side, filled with
+good 14th century carved oak screen work, separating it from the
+south-side chapel, said to have been anciently called "The Corpus Christi
+Chapel," and has two bays on the north, the easternmost being occupied by
+the organ, separating it from St. Catherine's Chantry; {36} the other
+having similar screen work.  In the south wall of the chancel are a
+Priest's door and three four-light Perpendicular windows, with a fourth
+in the east wall.  Gervase Holles states that he saw in this south-east
+window figures of St. Ninian, with lock and chain, and of Saints
+Crispinus and Crispinianus with their shoe-making tools. {37a}  It is
+probable, therefore, that the old glass of the window was supplied by a
+shoemaker's guild.  The window is now filled with good coloured glass by
+Heaton, Butler & Bayne, dedicated to the memory of the late Vicar, Rev.
+Arthur Scrivenor, who died 27 August, 1882, aged 51 years.  It is of
+peculiar design, the subjects being chosen to represent his life of
+self-denying labour.  There are four lights with eight subjects taken
+from St. Matthew's Gospel, arranged in two tiers, as follows--(1) "Come
+ye blessed of my Father;" (2) "I was an hungred and ye gave me meat;" (3)
+"I was thirsty and ye gave me drink;" (4) "I was a stranger, and ye took
+me in;" (5) "Naked, and ye clothed me;" (6) "I was sick, and ye visited
+me;" (7) "I was in prison, and ye came unto me;" (8) "These shall go into
+life eternal."  There are eight compartments in the upper tracery,
+containing the emblems of the four evangelists, and two angels, and the
+Alpha and Omega.
+
+In the north chancel wall are a Priest's door, two five-light windows,
+and one of three lights, with, at the east end, a two-light window, all
+modern.  Here, externally, the parapet of St. Catherine's Chantry is
+embattled and enriched with panel work, and rises above the level of the
+rest of the wall.  The clerestory of the chancel has six three-light
+windows on the south side, and five on the north.  The easternmost on the
+north was inserted and made larger than the others in 1861, and, at a
+later date, was filled with good coloured glass by Heaton, Butler &
+Bayne, as a public memorial "To the glory of God, and in memory of
+Barnard James Boulton, M.D., who died March 15 1875."  He was an active
+member of the restoration committee in 1861.  The subjects are, in the
+western light, "The cleansing of the leper" in the centre, "Letting down
+the paralytic through the roof," in the eastern light, "The healing of
+blind Bartimaeus."
+
+In the nave the second window from the west end of the south clerestory
+is a memorial of the late Mr. W Rayson, builder, filled with good
+coloured glass.  In the south aisle of the nave, the easternmost window
+is a good specimen of coloured glass by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, erected
+by public subscription in January, 1901, "To the glory of God, and in
+grateful commemoration of the 18 years' ministry of Canon E. F.
+Quarrington," who resigned the Vicarage in 1900.  The cost of this window
+was about 80 pounds , the subject is "The Sermon on the Mount."  The
+Saviour is represented as addressing the people, grouped around Him, of
+all classes, soldiers, Pharisees, disciples, travellers, young men,
+women, and children, with the city in the background.  In the tracery
+above are angels, with rich ruby wings, in attitudes of adoration.
+
+The window next to this is filled with coloured glass, by Clayton & Bell,
+to the memory of Mrs. Salome Fox.  In the upper tracery are the Alpha and
+Omega, with the date of erection "Anno Dm'ni MDCCCXCVII."  In the central
+light below is the risen Saviour, seated on a throne, holding the emblem
+of sovereignty, with the inscription over His shoulders "Because I live
+ye shall live also."  In each side light are three angels in adoration.
+An inscription runs across the three lights, "I am he that liveth and was
+dead, and, behold, I am alive for evermore."  Beneath are three square
+compartments, representing (1) three women, (2) three soldiers, (3) the
+apostles SS. John and Peter at the sepulchre, with the inscription "Who
+shall roll us away the stone from the door of the sepulchre?" and again,
+below all, "To the glory of God, and in loving memory of Salome Fox, who
+died June 26, 1883, aged 65."  This cost about 85 pounds.
+
+The window at the west end of this aisle, by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, was
+filled with coloured glass, by the late Mr. Henry Boulton, in memory of
+his first wife, being partly paid for by a surplus of 40 pounds remaining
+from what was collected for the chancel east window, and the rest (about
+40 pounds more) by Mr. Boulton himself.  The subject is the Saviour's
+baptism in the Jordan.
+
+In the north aisle of the nave, the easternmost window was erected in
+1902, at a cost of 98 pounds, from a bequest of the late Mr. Charles Dee,
+as a memorial of his friend the late Mr. Robert Clitherow.  The subject
+is "The good Samaritan," who, in the central light, is relieving the
+wounded wayfarer; while, in the side lights, the Priest and Levite are
+represented as passing him by.  In the two upper quatrefoils are angels
+holding scrolls, with the inscriptions (1) "Let your light so shine
+before men," (2) "That they may see your good works."  An inscription
+runs across the three lights, "Blessed is he that provideth for the sick
+and needy, the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble;" and, below
+all, "To the glory of God, and in memory of Robert Clitherow, a truly
+Christian gentleman, by his faithful servant." {38}  The artists were
+Messrs. Clayton & Bell.
+
+The next window to this, also by Messrs. Clayton & Bell, is considered
+the best specimen of coloured glass in the church.  It was erected by
+public subscription, largely through the exertions of the late Mrs.
+Terrot, then of Wispington Vicarage, near Horncastle, her husband, the
+Rev. Charles Pratt Terrot, a clever artist and learned antiquary,
+supplying the design.  It is inscribed "To the glory of God, and in
+memory of Frederick Harwood, formerly churchwarden, who died March 12,
+1874, aged 51 years."  Mr. Harwood was an indefatigable church worker,
+and died suddenly, after attending a Lent service, when he occupied his
+usual seat, near this window.  It is of three lights, the subjects being
+six, (1) the centre light illustrates "Charity;" a female figure above,
+holding one child in her arms and leading others; while below is "Joseph
+in Egypt, receiving his father, Jacob."  (2) The west light illustrates
+"Faith," a female above, holding a cross and bible, and below "Abraham
+offering his son Isaac."  (3) The east light illustrates "Hope," a female
+above, leaning upon an anchor, and below "Daniel in the den of lions."
+The grouping of the subjects and arrangement of the canopies are
+admirable.
+
+The west window in the same aisle contains a handsome memorial, by
+Preedy, of the late Vicar, Prebendary Robert Giles.  It is of three
+lights, the subjects being from St. Peter's life: (1) the south light
+shewing "The net cast into the sea," "Depart from me, &c."; (2) the
+central light, Peter's commendation by the Saviour, "Thou art Peter,
+&c."; and (3) the north light, Peter's release from prison, "Arise up
+quickly, &c."  The tabernacle and canopy work are good.  The cost of this
+was about 140 pounds.  Mr. Giles succeeded Prebendary Milner, as Vicar,
+and died 12 July, 1872.
+
+The two lancet windows in the lower part of the west wall of the tower,
+which were enlarged at the restoration, are filled with good coloured
+glass.  They bear no inscriptions but are memorials of deceased younger
+members of the families of the late Dr. B. J. Boulton, and of the late
+Mr. Richard Nicholson.  The southern one represents "The Good Shepherd,"
+carrying a lamb in his arms; the northern, "Suffer the little children to
+come unto me," shewing the Saviour receiving little children into his
+arms.  Within the tower is also placed a List of Benefactors of the town;
+also a frame containing the Decalogue, supported by two painted figures,
+life-size, representing Aaron with his censer, and Moses with his rod; on
+one side of this is the Lord's Prayer, on the other the Apostles' Creed.
+{39a}
+
+The roof of the nave, for some years hidden by a flat whitewashed
+ceiling, is of Spanish chestnut, with finely carved figures of angels,
+which support the intermediate principals.  In front of the tower arch
+stands the Font, of caen stone, on octagonal base; the bowl has 8
+elaborately carved panels, in three of which are engraved, on scrolls,
+the words "One Lord," "One Faith," "One Baptism." {39b}  The Pulpit, at
+the north-east corner of the nave, is also of Caen stone, in similar
+style, with four decorated panels, having, beneath the cornice, the
+inscription "He that hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully;" the
+book-rest is supported by the figure of an angel, with outspread wings.
+The Reading Desk, on the opposite side, consists of open tracery work,
+carved in modern oak.  The Lectern, an eagle of brass, was presented, in
+1901, by the Misses Walter, in memory of their father, Mr. Joseph Walter,
+for many years church warden. {39c}  The seats in the chancel have
+handsomely carved poppy heads, and are placed east and west, instead of,
+as formerly, north and south, facing west.
+
+On the south side of the chancel arch, in the west face of the wall, is a
+small stone, bearing the names of "Thomas Gibson, Vicar.  John Hamerton
+and John Goake, Churchwardens, 1675."  On the south wall of the chancel
+south chapel is also an illuminated sheet of iron bearing the following
+inscription to the same Vicar:--"Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Mr.
+Thos. Gibson, A.M., 44 years Vicar of this parish.  He lived in such
+times when Truth to the Church, and Loyalty to the King met with
+punishment due to the worst of crimes.  He was by the rebellious powers
+carried away prisoner four times from the garrison of Newark for a
+dissenting teacher, afterwards sequestrated, and his family driven out,
+by the Earl of Manchester.  He survived the Restoration, and was brought
+back at the head of several hundreds of his friends, and made a
+Prebendary in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln.  As his enemies never
+forgave his zeal to the Church and Crown, so nothing but the height of
+Christian charity could forgive the insults he met with from them.  He
+died April 22, 1678." {40a}  Above this is a shield, containing three
+storks, proper, on an argent field; and with a stork, as crest.
+
+On the north clerestory wall of the nave are tablets in memory of Jane,
+wife of Thomas Taylor, to the east; in the centre to Thomas Taylor,
+Surgeon, and Margaret his wife, to Mary Anne, wife of Thomas Hardy
+Taylor; and to the west of these, to Anne, wife of Erasmus Middleton, to
+Erasmus Middleton, and to their daughter, Grace, wife of James Weir, and
+to James Weir, who died Dec. 15, 1822.  On the south clerestory wall,
+westward, is a tablet to the memory of Thomas Bryan, Hannah his wife, and
+their son Edward, all interred at Scrivelsby; another, to the east, is in
+memory of Edward Harrison, M.D., his wife, and his brother, erected by
+his nephew.
+
+In the north aisle of the chancel is a modern, canvas, lozenge-shaped,
+framed copy of an older memorial, formerly painted on the south wall, on
+which are depicted the arms of Sir Ingram Hopton, with this
+inscription:--"Here lieth the worthy and memorable Knight, Sir Ingram
+Hopton, who paid his debt to nature, and duty to his King and country, in
+the attempt of seizing the arch rebel (Cromwell) in the bloody skirmish
+near Winceby, Oct. 6, 1643." {40b}  The motto is Horatian (the first
+lines from Odes iii., xiv., 14-16; the other two from Odes iv., ix.,
+29-30).
+
+             Nec tumultum,
+    Nec mori per vim, metuit, tenente
+       Caesare terras.
+    Paulum sepultae distat inertiae,
+       Celata virtus.
+
+Close to this, and above the arch leading into the nave, are a number of
+scythes, some with straight wooden handles, attached to the wall, which
+are said to have been used at the Winceby fight. {41a}
+
+On the wall of the north aisle, nearest the archway into the chancel, on
+a small slab of Purbeck marble, is a brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, kneeling
+on a cushion; on either side were formerly small shields displaying the
+arms of Dymoke, Waterton, Marmyon, Hebden and Haydon; {41b} and on small
+brasses were the figures of two sons and three daughters.  Parts of these
+are now lost.  The figure of Sir Lionel is in the attitude of prayer,
+from his left elbow issues a scroll with the inscription "S'cta Trinitas,
+unus Deus, miserere nob."  Beneath is another inscription, "In Honore
+s'cte et individue trinitatis.  Orate pro a'i'a Leonis Dymoke, milit' q'
+obijt xvij die me'se Augusti, Ao D'ni Mo cccccxix.  Cuj' a'i'e p' piciet,
+de.'  Amen."  Below this monument, in the pavement, is a brass, now
+mutilated, of the same Sir Lionel Dymoke, wrapped in a shroud, with two
+scrolls issuing from the head, the lettering of which is now effaced.
+Beneath is an inscription also now obliterated, but which Mr. Weir gives
+as follows:--
+
+    Leonis fossa nunc haec Dymoke capit ossa.
+    Miles erat Regis, cui parce Deus prece Matris,
+    Es testis Christe, quod non jacet hic lapis iste,
+    Corpus ut ornetur, sed spiritus ut memoretur.
+    Hinc tu qui transis, senex, medius, puer, an sis,
+    Pro me funde preces, quia sic mihi sit venie spes.
+
+The actual suit of armour worn by this Sir Lionel Dymoke was formerly in
+the church, since in the evidence taken after the "Lincolnshire Rising,"
+in 1536, it was shewn that "one Philip Trotter, of Horncastle," took it
+from the church, and himself wore it, while carrying the standard at the
+head of the insurgents (State Papers Domestic, Henry VIII., vol. xi, No.
+967) {42a}
+
+       [Picture: Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary's Church]
+
+In the Harleian MS. in the British Museum, among his "Lincolnshire Church
+Notes," Gervase Holles (circa 1640) mentions several other arms and
+inscriptions, as then existing, which are now lost. {42b}
+
+In the pavement of the former vestry, in the south chancel aisle, is a
+slab with the inscription running round it, "Here lyethe the boyddes of
+Thomas Raithbeck & Arne his wyf, ye founders of the Beid hous.  Departed
+thys world, in ye fayth of Christ, ye last day of October, in ye yere of
+our Lord, MDLXXV."  In the pavement at the east end of the south aisle of
+nave is a slab bearing the names of William Hamerton and his wife
+Elizabeth, and westward of this another slab, in memory of "Sarah
+Sellwood, wife of Henry Sellwood, Esq., {42c} who died Sep 30, 1816, aged
+28 years."  The late Poet Laureate, Alfred, afterwards Lord Tennyson,
+married Mr. Sellwood's daughter Emily Sarah, the marriage being
+solemnised at Shiplake after the family had left Horncastle.  The
+Laureate's elder brother, Charles Tennyson, married another daughter,
+Louisa, afterwards taking the additional name of Turner.  He held the
+vicarage of Grasby near Caistor.
+
+Other monuments are, on the wall of the south aisle, a tablet inscribed
+"To the memory of Elizabeth Kelham, only surviving child of Richard
+Kelham, Rector of Coningsby.  She was pious, virtuous, and charitable,
+and died 26 Feb., 1780, aged 58.  Reader, imitate her example.  Erected
+by Robert Kelham, her nephew, as a grateful acknowledgment of her regard
+towards him."  On the north wall of the chancel is a marble tablet in
+memory of "George Heald, Armiger, e Consultis Domini Regis, in Curia
+Cancellaria.  Obiit 18 May, 1834."  Inscriptions below are to his wife
+and daughter.  Another tablet, of black marble, records the death of
+Elizabeth, first wife of the Rev. John Fretwell, Curate, Dec. 4, 1784,
+and of his son, Matthew Harold, Sept. 11, 1786. {44a}  Another tablet is
+in memory of "Clement Madeley, DD., 42 years Vicar, who died Good-Friday,
+1845, aged 73;" also of his wife Martha, who died 1807, and of his son
+Houghton, who died 1838, erected by his daughter, M. A. Dymoke, {44b}
+wife of Rev. John Dymoke, Champion.
+
+In a glass covered case in the north aisle of the chancel are three
+volumes of Foxe's _Book of Martyrs_, 1632 edition, these were formerly
+chained to a desk, and parts of the chains remain.  They were given by
+Nicolas Shipley, gentleman, in 1696, who also presented a brass
+chandelier of 24 sockets; he was among the benefactors to the poor of the
+town.  The present glass case and desk on which the case rests, were
+given by the late Vicar, the Rev. A. Scrivenor.  Along with these vols.
+are "The History of the Old and New Testaments, gathered out of sacred
+scripture and writings of the fathers, a translation from the work of the
+Sieur de Royaumont, by several hands.  London, printed for R. Blome, I.
+Sprint, John Nicholson and John Pero, 1701."  There are some good old
+engravings of "The Work of Creation," "The Temptation and Fall of Man,"
+"The Expulsion from Paradise," "The Murder of Abel," "Ishmael Banished,"
+&c.  The first of these is dedicated to "Her sacred Majesty, Mary, by the
+grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France, Ireland, &c., by Her
+Majesty's most obedient servant Richard Blome."  The next is dedicated to
+"Her sacred Majesty Katherine, Queen Dowager of England," by the same;
+another is dedicated to "Her Royal Highness Ann, Princess of Denmark;"
+and other plates are dedicated to various Lincolnshire worthies, some of
+these are rather damaged, and the fine old bible is imperfect.
+
+Various old documents may here be quoted, which give items of interest
+connected with this church.  In _Lincolnshire Wills_, 1st series, edited
+by Canon A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., 1888, is that of James Burton of
+Horncastle, of date 9 June, 1536, which mentions the lights burnt in the
+church at that time before different shrines; these were in all 23, of
+which 7 were in honour of the blessed virgin, one was called "The light
+of our Lady of Grace," another "Our Lady's light at the font."  Mention
+is also made of a "St. Trunyan's light;" this last saint is connected
+with a well at Barton-on-Humber, but nothing further is known of him
+under that name.  It has been suggested that it is a corruption of St.
+Ninian (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, 149), and in connection with
+this it is interesting to refer to the fact that Gervase Holles, whose
+description of Horncastle windows we have already quoted, states that
+there was a window to St. Ninian placed in the chancel south aisle, by
+the Guild of Shoemakers.  Here, then, it is possible, the "St. Trunion's"
+or St. Ninian's "light" may have been burned, as the emblem of some
+whilom Horncastrian's faith.
+
+A Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 19 Richard II., No. 83 (11 Dec.,
+1395), shows that Albinus de Enderby and others assigned a messuage, with
+appurtenances, in Horncastle, to pay a chaplain to say daily masses in
+the church of the blessed Mary, for the soul of Simon de Dowode, and
+other faithful deceased.  Wood Enderby was at that time a chapelry
+attached to Horncastle Church.
+
+The right of sanctuary, enjoyed by felons, who sought refuge in a church,
+was a very ancient institution, dating from Saxon times, and only
+abolished by James I., in 1621, because the great number of churches in
+the country rendered it so easy a matter for highwaymen, then very
+numerous, to avail themselves of the privilege, that justice was too
+often defeated and crime encouraged.  According to custom, if the
+offender made confession before a coroner, within 40 days, and took the
+prescribed oath at the church door, that he would quit the realm, his
+life was spared.  A Close Roll, 13 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1229, states that
+the King, at Windsor, commands the Sheriff of Lincolnshire (Radulphus
+filius Reginaldi) to send two coroners to see that a robber who keeps
+himself in the church at Horncastle abjures the kingdom, (_Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. i, p. 49).  It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that a
+similar document, of date 16 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1232, only three years
+later, records a similar incident; and the malefactor is ordered to "make
+the assize, and abjuration of the kingdom, according to the custom of the
+land and according to the liberties granted to Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle," (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 58).  We have the
+explanation of this later instruction in a Memoranda Roll of 4 Ed. III.,
+1330, which states that Henry III. granted, by charter dated 16th July,
+in the 15th year of his reign, to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, and his
+successors, that they should claim "all chattels of felons and fugitives
+within their manors," the crown giving up all claim to the same in their
+favour; and the case is added of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, whose chattels
+were demanded by the Bishop, and 34 pounds exacted on that account "from
+the township of Horncastre."
+
+It is remarkable that the two cases, above quoted, should have occurred
+at the same date, August 22.  An explanation of this has been suggested
+in the fact that an old calendar shows that August 22 was a day sacred to
+St. Zaccheus; and as that saint set the example of restoring four-fold
+what he had unlawfully taken, that day may have been selected for the
+robber to surrender his chattels in reparation of his offence.  A not
+improbable explanation, however, may be found in the fact that the great
+August fair, established by Royal Charter, closed on August 21st, and
+unruly characters were often left, as dregs of such gatherings in the
+place, murders even being not uncommon.  By charter of the same king the
+Bishop of Carlisle had power to try felons at Horncastle, and a spot on
+the eastern boundary of the parish is still known as "Hangman's Corner,"
+where those who were capitally convicted in his court were executed.
+
+We give elsewhere a list of the Incumbents of St. Mary's, but we may here
+refer to probably the most distinguished of them all.  A Patent Roll, of
+date 11 June, 1344 (18 Edward III.), states that Thomas, Bishop of
+Lincoln (N.B.  This was Thomas Bec, consecrated July 7, 1342, died Feb.
+1, 1346, buried in the north transept of the Cathedral), "by command of
+the Most Holy Father, Pope Clement VI., reduces the taxation of the
+church at Horncastle, with the chapels of Askeby (West Ashby), Upper
+Tynton (High Toynton), Maring (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and Wod Enderby, to
+the same church annexed, to the sum of 50 marks (33 pounds 6s. 8d.),
+which were previously taxed at the immoderate sum of 77 pounds sterling."
+This is stated to be done "of the sincere love with which we value our
+very dear clerk, Master Simon de Islep, parson of the church aforesaid."
+This is also confirmed to "his successors, parsons or rectors, of the
+said church.  Witness the King, at Westminster."  The merits of this
+worthy, so valued by the Holy Father, not long afterwards received
+further recognition, since in 1350, only 6 years later, he was promoted
+to the highest dignity in the land, next to the sovereign himself, as
+Archbishop of Canterbury. {46}  An earlier Rector, John de Langton, had
+been made Bishop of Chichester, A.D. 1305.  These are the only incumbents
+of Horncastle who have attained the Episcopal Bench, (_Horncastle
+Register Book_, edited by Canon J. Clare Hudson, 1892).
+
+The promotion of the Rector, Simon de Islep, led to more than one
+lawsuit.  The Bishop of Carlisle, being at that time heavily in debt, as
+Lord of the manor, to which, as has already been stated, the advowson of
+the church of St. Mary was attached, had in January, 1347-8 granted the
+manor to Hugh de Bole, and others, on their annual payment of 129 pounds
+19s. 2.5d, for three years.  On the vacancy thus occurring the Bishop was
+summoned to appear at Westminster, before Justice John de Stonor, and
+others, to answer to William Widuking, of Saundeby, executor of the will
+of the said Hugh de Bole, who claimed, as tenant of the manor, the right
+to nominate to the vacant benefice.  The Bishop resisted this claim, and
+the case was argued before the King's Bench, in Hilary term, 1350, when
+the Bishop was defeated, the claim of William Widuking being allowed.
+(County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46.  Pleas at Westminster, 24 Ed. III.,
+roll 104.)
+
+Seventeen years later, on the death of John de Kirkby, Bishop of
+Carlisle, who had presented Simon de Islep to Horncastle, the
+temporalities of the bishopric for the time lapsed to the King; and
+Thomas de Appleby, the succeeding Bishop, with John de Rouceby, clerk
+(who afterwards became Rector of Horncastle), were summoned to answer to
+the King, that the King be allowed, through the said lapse, to appoint to
+the vacant Benefice of St. Mary.  The Bishop and John de Rouceby brought
+the case before the court, but they admitted the justice of the King's
+plea, and judgment was given for the King.  (De Banco Roll, 41 Ed. III.,
+in. 621.)  Apparently, as a compromise, the King appointed John de
+Rouceby.  This John de Rouceby, while Rector of Horncastle, was murdered
+on the high road to Lincoln in 1388, (_Horncastle Register Book_, p. 2).
+
+We may here observe, that in the above documents, the Incumbent of St.
+Mary's Church is styled "Parson" or "Rector," not, as he is at the
+present day, "Vicar."  On this change of status we are able to give the
+following particulars.  Among the Bishop "Nicholson MSS.," which are in
+the custody of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and consist of extracts
+from the old "Bishops' Registers," it is stated (vol. iv, p. 349) that
+Bishop Stern of Carlisle, under agreement with the Bishop of Lincoln (Dr.
+Robert Sanderson) in 1660, appropriated the Rectorial appurtenances of
+the Benefice of St. Mary to the See of Carlisle.  This, however, would
+seem to be only a confirmation, or renewal, of what had been done long
+before, since as far back as 1313, the Bishop of Carlisle petitioned the
+Pope, to allow the church revenues of St. Mary, Horncastle, to be
+appropriated to that See, which had been "wasted by war and other
+calamities;" the Rector of the day only stipulating for a _pensio
+congrua_ being reserved to him for his lifetime.  (Carlisle Episcopal
+Registers, xix, p. 181 b).  This was repeated about 1334 (_Ibid._, p.
+187, a.  Quoted _Horncastle Register Book_, p. 2).  The title Rector
+accordingly disappears and from about 1400 only that of Vicar is used,
+the Bishops of Carlisle themselves having become the "Rectors."  Early in
+the 19th century (21 March, 1803) the Bishop of Carlisle leased the
+manor, with appurtenances, to Sir Joseph Banks, and his representatives
+are now Lay Rectors.
+
+The appointment of one of the early Rectors is a sample of the abuses
+connected with Papal supremacy in those times.  Peter de Galicia was
+nominated Rector in May, 1313, he was a foreigner and probably drew his
+income without ever residing at Horncastle.  Having influence at the
+Papal Curia, he negociated for the Bishop of Carlisle the transfer of the
+Rectorial appurtenances of Horncastle to that See; only, as has been
+stated, taking care that he had his own _pensio congrua_.  Becoming
+dissatisfied with the benefice he ultimately exchanged it for the Rectory
+of Caldbeck in the diocese of Carlisle.  These proceedings are given at
+length in Bishop de Kirkby's Register; his Italian name was Piero de
+Galiciano.  He was succeeded in 1334 by Robert de Bramley, Rector of
+Caldbeck.  (Carlisle Episcopal Registers, quoted _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. v, pp. 244-5).
+
+Horncastle was one of the centres of disturbance at the time of the
+"Lincolnshire Rising" (already referred to) or "Pilgrimage of Grace," in
+1536, and St. Mary's Church was the main cause of the local agitation.
+William Leche, brother of the parson of Belchford, was a ringleader in
+the town.  The plundering of churches, by the King's "visitors," for the
+"valor ecclesiasticus," on the plea of regulating ceremonial, but more
+really with a view to replenishing the royal coffers, was the great
+grievance with the people.  Much evidence on the subject is found among
+State Papers Domestic, vol. xi, 28 Henry VIII.  One witness, Edward
+Richardson of Thimbleby, states that William Leche, on Tuesday, 2nd Oct.,
+"stirred the people to rise to save the church jewels from the Bishop's
+officers," who were acting by the King's orders, the Bishop being the
+King's confessor.  Robert Sotheby of Horncastle, being sworn before Sir
+Anthony Wyngffeld and Sir Arthur Hopton, says that "David Benet, a wever,
+rang the comon bell," to rouse the people.  The said Robert stated that
+he and William Bywater, being churchwardens, were going to see the work
+of the plumbers, and in the meantime the said Davy rang the common bell;
+and that "William Leche was the first begynner and sterer of the whole
+rysinge there."  The mob marched about with a standard, carried by Philip
+Trotter, clad in the armour of Lionel Dymoke, which he had taken from the
+church of St. Mary.  The devices on the standard were "a plough," to
+encourage the husbandmen; the "challice and Host," because the church
+plate and jewellery were to have been taken away; the "wands" were to
+encourage the people "to fight in Cristis cause;" the "horn" betokening
+Horncastle.
+
+About 100 persons marched to Scrivelsby, and threatened to drag out
+Edward Dymoke, the sheriff, and other gentlemen.  The sheriff, Thomas
+Dymoke, Robert Dighton, and one Saundon, afterwards went into the field,
+and conversed with Leche, who said the Rising was because the Visitors
+would take the church goods.  The mob took the old gentleman, Sir William
+Saundon, and "harried him forth by the arms towards Horncastell, till
+from hete and weryness he was almost overcum."  A horse was brought for
+him by one Salman of Baumbrough, but one of the rebels strake the horse
+on the head, so that both horse and rider fell to the ground, and they
+then said he must "go afote as they did."  He was afterwards confined in
+the "Moot Hall," at Horncastle, and "they sware him, whether he woll, or
+no."  Many witnesses testified to the activity of Leche, in going to
+private houses and inducing the men to join, and that the gentlemen only
+joined from fear of violence.  Richard Mekylwhite of Horncastle was
+accused by Thomas Lytellbury, that he was "a great procurer" (of men),
+and was "one of the causers of George Wolsey's death," (a servant of the
+late Cardinal Wolsey).
+
+William Leche, with a great company, went to Bolingbroke, to take the
+Bishop's Chancellor, Dr. John Rayne, who was lying there, sick; he was
+brought on horseback to Horncastle amid cries of "kill him! kill him!"
+He begged Philip Trotter to save him, who said he would do what he could;
+the Chancellor gave him xxs., but he in effect did the reverse of helping
+him.  On reaching the outskirts of the town, "many parsons and vicars
+among" the rebels cried "kill him!" whereat William Hutchinson and
+William Balderstone, of Horncastle, "pulled him viantly of his horse,
+kneling upon him, and with their staves slew him."  The Vicar of Thornton
+gave xvs. to the rebels.  The Vicar of Horncastle, at that time John
+Haveringham, seems to have avoided being mixed up with this movement, as
+many of his brethren were.  The whole affair barely lasted a week, and it
+does not appear that the church plate suffered.  The King issued a
+proclamation from Richmond, 2 December following, that he pardoned all
+except the wretches in ward at Lincoln, T. Kendal the Vicar of Louth, and
+William Leche of Horncastle.
+
+For a final notice of old records connected with the church, we may
+mention a matter of less importance, but one which we can hardly realise,
+in these days of religious liberty, when everyone is "a law unto himself"
+in matters of faith, and even largely in practice.  The parish book of
+the adjoining Thimbleby, which is in the soke of Horncastle, shews that,
+as late as the year 1820, the parish officials ordered all paupers, in
+receipt of parish relief, to attend the church services, on pain of
+forfeiting the aid granted; and cases are named where the payment was
+stopped until the offender had given satisfaction.  The State Papers
+Domestic of 1634 show that, at Horncastle, there was a like strictness.
+Luke Burton of this town was fined 1s. for being "absent from divine
+service," and again a like sum as "absent from prayers."  Even "a
+stranger, a tobacco man," was fined 1s. for the same offence; and 3s. 4d.
+for "tippling in time of divine service."  John Berry, butcher, was fined
+1s. "for swearing."  Simon Lawrence, for selling ale contrary to law, was
+fined 20s.; the same "for permitting tippling, 20s.;" while for "selling
+ale without a licence," William Grantham and Margaret Wells were
+"punished upon their bodies."  (State Papers Domestic, vol. 272, No. 23,
+Chas. I.)
+
+             [Picture: Ancient Scythes in St. Mary's Church]
+
+
+
+RECTORS AND VICARS.
+
+
+We here give a list of these as compiled by Canon J. Clare Hudson, in his
+1st volume of the _Horncastle Parish Register Book_, 1892.
+
+A.D.                                  RECTORS.
+
+1236-7        Geoffrey de Leueknor by the Bishop of Carlisle
+              (admitted on condition it be found the same church with
+              the churches of [Wood] Enderby, and [High] Toynton and
+              another, which Osbert the last rector held, be one
+              benefice).
+
+1239-40       (Delegates of the Pope in a dispute between G. parson
+              of the church of Horncastre and Francis, parson of the
+              church of [West] Askeby, concerning the church of
+              Askeby, decide that G[eoffrey] and his successors, are
+              to hold the church of Askeby, and pay to Francis
+              annually for life 27 marks sterling, and the bishop
+              confirms this ordinance)
+
+1246          Adam de Kirkby.
+
+12--          Ralph Tulgol.
+
+1275          Hugh de Penna (otherwise Hugh de la Penne, Assize Roll,
+              4 Ed. I.  _Lincs._ _Notes & Queries_, iv, p. 220).
+
+1295          John de Langton.
+
+1305          Gilbert de Haloughton.
+
+1313          Peter de Galicia.
+
+                                      VICARS.
+
+1334          Robert de Bramley.
+
+13--          William de Hugate.
+
+1349          Simon de Islep, _resigned_ in 1349, on becoming
+              Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+1357          William de Hugate, presented by Gilbert, Bishop of
+              Carlisle, on exchange.
+
+1369          John de Rouceby.
+
+1388          William Stryckland.
+
+1401          Thomas Carleton, Chaplain.
+
+1445          Robert Somercotes.
+
+14--          John Eston.
+
+1492          John Ffalconer.
+
+1517          Richard Denham.
+
+1524          Barnard Towneley.
+
+1531          Robert Jamys, Chaplain.
+
+1535          John Havringham.
+
+15--          Arthur Layton.
+
+1538          Peter Wallensis.
+
+1557          Henry Henshoo, or Henshaw.
+
+1560          Clement Monke. {50}
+
+1584          Francis Purefey.
+
+1587          Richard Foster.
+
+1593          John Jackson.
+
+1595          Robert Hollinhedge.
+
+1634          Thomas Gibson.
+
+1678          John Tomlinson.
+
+1678-9        Thomas Loddington.
+
+1724          James Fowler.
+
+1779          Joseph Robertson.
+
+1802          Clement Madely.
+
+1845          Thos. James Clarke.
+
+1853          Wm. Holme Milner.
+
+1868          Robert Giles.
+
+1872          Arthur Scrivenor.
+
+1882          Edwin Fowler Quarrington.
+
+1900          Alfred Edgar Moore.
+
+For some of the earlier details I am indebted to the Rev. W. O.
+Massingberd.
+
+The Parish Registers of Horncastle are of some interest.  They date from
+1559, the year following the "Injunction" issued by Queen Elizabeth (the
+3rd of its kind) ordering the regular keeping of such records; similar,
+earlier, though less stringent, orders having been made in 1538, 1547 and
+1552.  Besides the records of baptisms, marriages and burials, there are
+occasional notes on peculiar passing events, which we may here notice.
+One of these occurs in 1627, "Upon Monday, beinge the xxviijth day of
+January was a great Tempest of Winde, the like hath not often been in any
+age; like wise upon Friday the 4th of November 1636 in the night time
+there happened a more fearful (wind than) before.
+
+Mr. Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, quotes a note (folio 42 b of
+the Register): "On the vth daie of October one thousand six hundred and
+three, in the ffirst yere of oure Sov'aigne Lord King James was holden in
+Horncastell Church a solemnn fast from eight in the morning until fower a
+clock in the after noone by five preachers, vidz. Mr. Hollinghedge, Vicar
+of Horncastell, Mr. Turner of Edlington, Mr. Downes of Lusbye, Mr.
+Philipe of Solmonbye, Mr. Tanzey of Hagworthingha', occasioned by a
+generall and most feareful plague yt yere in sundrie places of this land,
+but especially upon the Cytie of London.  p'r me Clementem Whitelock."
+(Parish Clerk.)
+
+We may observe that at this time there perished in London more than
+30,000 persons; but the great plague, or "black death," occurred 61 years
+later (1664-5), which carried off from 70,000 to 100,000 persons.
+Between these periods, and previously, various parishes in our
+neighbourhood suffered from this visitation; for instance at Roughton,
+which is in the soke of Horncastle, there were 43 burials, including
+those of the Rector and two daughters, in the year 1631-2; while in the
+adjoining parish of Haltham (also in the soke) although there was no
+increase of mortality at that date, there had been 51 deaths in the year
+1584; there being a note in the register for that year, "This yeare
+plague in Haltham."  The turn, however, for Horncastle came in the year
+1631, when the register shows that between May 3 and Sep. 29, there were
+no less than 176 deaths; in one case 7 in a family (Cocking), 5 in a
+family (Halliday), in other cases 4 (Joanes), and again (Hutchinson) 4,
+(Fawcitts) 4, (Cheesbrooke) 4, &c.  In August alone there were 86 deaths,
+and not a single marriage through all these months, whereas the following
+year there were only 25 deaths in the whole twelve months.  Truly
+Horncastrians were, at that dread time, living with the sword of Damocles
+hanging over them.  A note in the margin in this year is as follows,
+"Oct. 5th, buryalls since July 23, 144; burialls since Easter 182."
+
+We have already given the history of the Vicar, Rev. Thos. Gibson, he is
+referred to in the two following notes in the Register.  At the end of
+folio 81a (1635) we find, after the signature of himself and
+churchwardens, "Thomas Gibson, Clerk, Master of the free school of
+Newcastel uppon Tine, one of the Chapleins of the Right Reverend Father
+in God Barnabas, by Divine P'vidence Lo. Bpp. Carliel, presented by the
+said Lo. Bpp., was inducted into this Vicarage of Horncastel April xiiij,
+1634."  At the end of folio 85a (1639) after similar signatures is this:
+"The sd Mr. Thomas Gibson, being outed of Horncastle by Cromwell's
+Commissioners, removed to Nether Toynton, lived there one yeare, after
+restored againe, taught some Gentlemen sonnes in his owne house, was
+afterward called to ye scole at Newark, where he continued one yeare,
+then was importuned to Sleeford, whether he went ye week after Easter
+1650, continued there until May ye first 1661; then, the King being
+returned, he returned to his Vicaridge, and was by Doctor Robert
+Sanderson, Bishop of Linkcoln made Preban of Saint Mairie Crakepoule in
+the Church of Linkcoln."
+
+It may be observed that the spelling in those times, the entries
+doubtless being often made by the parish clerk, was rather phonetic than
+orthographic.  Many names occur which still survive, but here spelt
+variously, for instance Fawssett has been a name well known in Horncastle
+in modern times in a good position, in town and county, here we find it
+in generation after generation as Fawcet, Fawset, Faucitt, &c.  The name
+Raithbeck is of continual occurrence, it is now probably represented by
+Raithby.  Castledine occurs several times, being probably the phonetic
+form of the modern Cheseltine.  The present name Chantry appears as
+Chauntry.  Palfreyman, or Palfreman, occurs on several occasions, they
+were of a respectable family in the county, William Palfreyman being
+Mayor of Lincoln in 1534; Ralph Palfreyman, clerk, was presented to the
+Benefice of Edlington, by his brother Anthony, merchant of the Staple,
+Lincoln, in 1569.
+
+In folio 69a (1628) is the entry "Tirwhitt Douglas, daughter unto Mr.
+George Tirwhitt, christened Jan. 8."  Her father George Tyrwhitt was a
+scion of the old county family of the Tyrwhitts of Kettleby, Stainfield,
+&c., by Faith, daughter of Nicholas Cressy of Fulsby, who married
+Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, of another very old county
+family.  She was named Douglas, though a female, after her kinswoman,
+Douglas, daughter of William, first Lord Howard of Effingham.  Her sister
+married Sir Edward Dymoke of Scrivelsby.  She herself is mentioned among
+the benefactors to the poor of Horncastle, as leaving a charge of 10s. on
+a farm at Belchford, as an annual payment, on her death in 1703.
+
+Another name of frequent occurrence, though now extinct, is that of
+Hamerton.  John Hamerton (as already stated) is mentioned, with John
+Goake, on a tablet inserted in the wall on the south side of the chancel
+arch, as being churchwarden in the vicariate of Thomas Gibson, in 1675,
+and throughout the early registers successive generations of this family
+are recorded.  They may have been humble scions of the Hamertons, of
+Hamerton, Yorkshire, a branch of whom were among the landed gentry near
+the Scottish border; but at Horncastle they were engaged in trade.  John
+Hamerton, christened Dec. 10, 1575, whose probable father, another John
+Hamerton, was buried Sep. 3, 1584, married Feb. 2, 1613, Grace Broxholme,
+whose father John Broxholme is described as "Gent" in 1611.  Thomas
+Hamerton in 1603 was a draper, another Thomas Hamerton in 1613 was a
+"yoman," John in 1615 was a tanner, Thomas in 1606 and 1617 was a tanner,
+Robert son of Thomas in 1619 was a tanner, William in 1620 was a glover.
+In 1630, Thomas, buried Jan. 24, is designated "Mr."  On June 16, 1633,
+Katherine Hamerton is married "by Licence" to George Colimbell.  A rise
+in status is indicated by the two latter entries, and accordingly, in the
+records of the neighbouring parish of Edlington we find "Geo. Hamerton,
+gent., and Sarah Hussey married July 21, 1699;" the Husseys being
+probably connected with the county family, the head of which was Lord
+Hussey of Sleaford.  The John Hamerton, churchwarden in 1675, was born
+Jan. 22, 1636, son of John and Dorothy Hamerton.  The marriage of the
+parents is not given in the register, the father therefore probably
+married an "outener," as they are provincially termed.  The interesting
+point however in connection with this family is, that although they have
+long ago been extinct, they have left their mark behind them still
+surviving in the town.  Near the junction of East Street with South
+Street there still exists at the back of the second shop, in the former
+street (a repository for fancy needlework), a room lined with good oak
+wainscoting, with finely carved mantelpiece, over which is an
+inscription, richly carved in relief, with the letters "Ao Di" to the
+left, and to the right the date "1573;" while above, in the centre, are
+the initials "J H" and "M H;" separated by a floriated cross and
+encircled by a wreath.  This would doubtless be John Hamerton and his
+wife Mary (or Margaret) Hamerton, the original builders of the house.
+Two doors beyond is Hamerton Lane, and the title deeds, which the present
+writer has inspected, show that the whole of this block of buildings now
+forming five shops and two private residences, once formed one large
+dwelling place, belonging to the Hamerton of that day, with a frontage in
+East Street of more than 20 yards, and in South Street of 70 or 80 yards,
+with extensive back premises and gardens attached.  The J.H. and M.H., of
+whom we have here such interesting relics, were probably the grandfather
+and grandmother of the John Hamerton of the time of the Commonwealth and
+Charles II., and the extent of the buildings occupied by them show that
+they were wealthy.
+
+Tanning was at one time the chief trade of the town, there being within
+the writer's recollection several tan yards, now no longer existing.  The
+Bain water was said to be specially suited for this purpose.  We have
+seen that several of the Hamertons were tanners, and they had evidently
+prospered in their calling.
+
+One more name in the register deserves a brief notice, that of Snowden
+(spelt there Snoden).  We have, at various dates, from 22 Oct. 1629,
+onwards, the baptisms of the whole family of Mr. Rutland Snowden, and the
+burials of some of them.  The Snowdens were originally a Notts. family,
+of the smaller gentry class, but Robert Snowden, third son of Ralph
+Snowden, of Mansfield Woodhouse, became Bishop of Carlisle, and, ex
+officio, Lord of the Manor of Horncastle.  The Bishops of Carlisle had,
+as has been already stated, a residence in Horncastle, near the present
+Manor House, and the Bishop's widow, Abigail, probably resided there.  In
+her will, dated 15 April, 1651, and proved 7 May in the same year, she
+mentions her sons Rutland and Scrope; there was also another son Ralph.
+Rutland married on Xmas day, 1628, Frances, widow of George Townshend,
+Esq., of Halstead Hall, Stixwould, and Lord of the Manor of Cranworth,
+Norfolk, by whom he had a large family.  His granddaughter, Jane Snowden,
+married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby; she died childless and
+founded and endowed the village school and almshouses at Hemingby.
+Another granddaughter, Abigail, married Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir
+Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, as shewn by the register there, on 18 July,
+1654, and she thus became ancestress of the Tetford branch of the
+Dymokes, now also of Scrivelsby.
+
+Rutland Snowden, who graduated B.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge,
+1617-8, took his M.A. degree at St. John's College, Oxford, 1623, and was
+admitted a member of Gray's Inn in the same year.  He was buried at
+Horncastle, 1654 (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 14-16).  That
+was a period of national disturbance, and the people of Horncastle, with
+the Winceby fight of 1643, were more or less drawn into the vortex.
+Abigail Snowden, widow of Bishop Robert of Carlisle seems to have been
+brought into much trouble, owing to her son, Rutland, having espoused the
+Royalist cause.  Among Exchequer Bills and Answers (Chas. I., Lincoln,
+No. 86) is a petition shewing that Francis, Bishop of Carlisle, leased to
+Rutland Snowden and his assignees, for three lives, the manor, lands,
+parsonage, and other premises at Horncastle, on payment of 120 pounds.
+Subsequent proceedings would seem to imply that this lease was previously
+granted to the said Abigail herself, as shewn by the following: "To the
+Honourable the Commissioners for compounding with delinquents.  The
+Humble Petition of Abigail Snowden, widow, sheweth that Richard Milborne,
+late Bishop of Carlisle, did, 22 Sep., 1623, for valuable consideracions,
+demise the manor and soke of Horncastle (parcel of ye lands of ye
+Bishopricke) unto your petitonr, during the lives of Rutland Snoden,
+Scroope Snoden, and George Snoden, and for the life of the longest of
+them; that the said demise being allowed good unto her by the trustees .
+. . yet hath bene, and is, sequestrated, for the delinquensie of the said
+Rutland Snoden . . . the petitioner prayeth . . . that your petitioner
+may have releife . . . as to you shall seem meet.  And yr petitioner will
+praie, &c.  Abigail Snoden, 24 Nov., 1650."  A note adds that the matter
+was "Referred to Mr. Brereton, to examine and report."
+
+It was reported on by Peter Brereton, 31 Jan. following (Royalist
+Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 58, No. 515).  As this is a fair
+sample of the treatment by the Parliamentary officials of Royalist
+"delinquents" and their friends, we here give further particulars.
+
+A similar petition was presented by "John Bysse, gent." (given in
+Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 8, No. 167).  Further,
+Abigail Snowden bequeathed her interest in the above lease to Thos.
+Toking, who was of Bucknall and of Ludgate Hill, London.  Accordingly,
+two years later, we have another attempt at recovery, as follows: "To the
+Honourable Commissioners for compounding with Delinquents.  The humble
+petition of Thomas Toking, of Co. Lincoln, gent., sheweth, that a lease
+was made to him by Abigail Snowden, widow, deceased, of the manor, &c.,
+&c., which had been sequestered many years, for the delinquency of
+Rutland Snowden . . . and that he (T. Toking) has more to offer, for the
+clearing of his title.  He prays therefore for a commission of enquiry.
+21 Oct., 1652."  Reply: "not sufficient proof."
+
+The said Thos. Toking again petitions, stating, that he is willing, to
+avoid further trouble, to submit to "a reasonable composition."  This is
+again "referred to Mr. Brereton," 7 Feb., 1653.  On 21 Sep., 1653, the
+order was issued that "the Petitioner be admitted for compounding."
+Again "Referred to Mr. Brereton."  The result, however, was that Mr.
+Thomas Toking died before obtaining the "relief" petitioned for.
+
+N.B.  Besides the "delinquency" of having "adhered to, and assisted, ye
+forces against the Parliament," it was charged against Rutland Snowden
+that he had "more wives than one."  He "rendered his estate in fee" at
+Horncastle, in Nov., 1645, for which his fine, at one-tenth was 188
+pounds (Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, fol. 113).  His son, a
+second Rutland Snowden, was among the Benefactors of Horncastle, as he
+bequeathed to the poor of the town, 1682, "one house of the yearly rent
+of 26s.," to be "paid in bread, 6d. every other Sunday;" a considerably
+larger sum at that time than now.
+
+We find the names of Rutland Snoden of Horncastle, and Scrope Snoden of
+Boston, in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry, entitled to bear arms, made
+by the Heralds, at their Visitation in 1634; along with other well known
+names in the neighbourhood, such as Dymoke, Heneage, Laugton,
+Massingberd, Tyrwhitt, &c. (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, p. 106).
+The Snowden arms are said, in Yorke's _Union of Honour_, to have been
+"Azure a lion rampant, or." (_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 16).
+
+                       [Picture: The Old Vicarage]
+
+The Vicarage of St. Mary's Church formerly stood at the north-east corner
+of the churchyard, forming part of a block of small houses.  It was a
+poor residence, but occupied until his death in 1845, by the Vicar,
+Clement Madely, DD.  The whole block was, about that time, taken down,
+the space being, later on, covered with the present substantial
+buildings.  His successor, Rev. T. J. Clarke, rented a good house in
+South Street, now occupied by Mrs. Howland.  Mr. Clarke was succeeded by
+the Rev. W. Holme Milner, in 1853, and he built the present vicarage.
+
+St. Mary's Churchyard was closed, for burials, in 1848, when the
+churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated.
+
+We here give a list of the Church Plate, which is more than usually
+valuable.
+
+1.  Paten, silver, 15 oz. 2 dwt., given by Mrs. Hussey, 1718. *
+
+2.  Paten lid, silver, 2 oz. 2 dwt., old, no date.
+
+3.  Paten, pewter, no date.
+
+4.  Chalice, silver gilt, 7 oz., old, no date.
+
+5.  Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 4 dwt.  In memoriam, J.H., 1879.
+
+6.  Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 2 dwt. *
+
+7.  Flagon, silver, 59 oz., given by Susannah Lascells, 1741.
+
+8.  Flagon, silver, 58 oz. 2 dwt., given by Susannah Lascelles, widow,
+Christmas, 1743. *
+
+9.  Alms basin, silver, 6 oz. 6 dwt., given by Thomas Hargreaves, Esq.,
+1735.  T.M.H. on handle.
+
+10.  Alms Basin, silver, 7 oz. 6 dwt., given by Clement Madely, vicar,
+1835.
+
+11.  Paten, silver gilt, 13 oz.  In Memoriam, J.H.  1879.
+
+12.  Paten, silver. 4 oz. 2 dwt., no date. *
+
+13.  Cruet with silver stopper, H.T.C.  1872.
+
+Those marked with asterisk are used at Holy Trinity Church.
+
+We cannot here omit our tribute to the energy, liberality, and taste of
+the various parties connected with the restoration of St. Mary's Church,
+begun in 1859, and happily completed in April, 1861.  With a persevering
+vicar, in Prebendary W. H. Milner, undaunted by difficulties, to head the
+movement; a working committee, no less resolute, to support him (among
+whom figured foremost the late Dr. J. B. Boulton and Mr. F. Harwood);
+with an architect of cultivated taste and wide experience, in Mr. Ewan
+Christian; and with the able contractors, Messrs. Lee & Ashton, to carry
+out his designs; and with a body of subscribers, headed by the Lord of
+the Manor, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., all doing their best; the work was
+bound to be a marked success, of which all might be proud.  St Mary's now
+probably approaches nearer to its original conception (if it does not,
+indeed, surpass it) than it has ever done in recent times.  Erected, as
+it first was, in an age marked by "zeal" for church construction, even if
+sometimes "without knowledge;" stimulated, perhaps in an unwholesome
+degree, by the prevalent superstition and mariolatry, we yet feel bound,
+considering the noble structures which those builders have transmitted to
+us, (as Prior the poet says) to be "To their virtues very kind, and to
+their faults a little blind."  But, as to the restoration in the present
+instance, few, save the older ones among us, who remember the condition
+into which the fabric had lapsed, can realise the great changes which
+were effected, or the advantages secured to present worshippers.  The
+space formerly wasted by a western vestibule, with its boarded partition,
+and baize-covered doors, leading into nave and aisles, reducing by
+several feet the length of sitting space; the basement of the tower shut
+off, and occupied only by the bell ringers, who are now removed to the
+chamber above; the chancel aisles unused for seats and partially blocked
+up; the high square pews, rising in tiers westwards, roomy enough for
+undisturbed slumber; above all, the heavy galleries, with pews, made by
+faculty private property; all these arrangements so curtailed the
+accommodation, that the congregation, at its best, could be little more
+than half what it has been in recent years; while the _tout ensemble_,
+not omitting the flat whitewashed ceiling, put up, it has been said, by a
+kind lady, because the vicar, sensitive to cold, felt the draughts
+through the fine wooden roof thus hidden above, had an effect the very
+opposite of stimulating devotion, bad alike for minister and people.
+Under the restored condition, with sixty additional seats provided in the
+tower, the south chancel aisle also seated, and every available space
+utilized, there is now ample accommodation for some 800 worshippers, and
+on special occasions more than 1,200 have been seated (the late Mr. W.
+Pacy counted about 1,250 passing out at the evening service at the
+re-opening in April, 1861); while the services, and the surroundings, are
+alike calculated to inspire feelings of reverence, with hearty
+earnestness of worship; this is the result mainly due to the "decency and
+order" effected through the care and self-denying efforts of the
+restorers, for which all should be grateful.
+
+We should here add that in the year 1892, it being found that decay had
+occurred in the walls and other parts of the church, about 150 pounds was
+raised by subscription, and once more the fabric was put into a complete
+state of repair.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY
+
+
+Was built in the years 1847 and 1848, as a Chapel of Ease to St. Mary's
+Church, in the vicariate of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, at a cost of about
+2,500 pounds; 500 pounds having been bequeathed towards that purpose by
+his predecessor, Dr. Clement Madely, and the rest being raised by public
+subscriptions.  The foundation stone was laid April 6, in the former
+year, by Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., the Queen's Champion.  The roof of the
+nave was reared Oct. 12, and the cross on the east end of the chancel
+erected Nov. 25, in the same year.  The church and churchyard were
+consecrated by Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, April 27, 1848; his Lordship
+preaching at the opening service in the morning, and Dr. Percy, Bishop of
+Carlisle (as Patron {57a} of the Benefice) in the afternoon.  The
+architect was Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston (author of _Churches of the
+Division of Holland_, 1843, &c) Mr. Hind, of Sleaford, being the
+contractor for the work.
+
+It was a condition of Dr. Madely's bequest that the church should be
+commenced within two years of his death, which occurred on Good Friday,
+March 21, 1845.  This fortunately was just (but only just) effected {57b}
+in time to secure the bequest.
+
+When the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated that of St. Mary's
+was closed, with the exception of some private vaults; both these burial
+grounds being closed in 1888, when the public cemetery was opened; the
+church part of which was consecrated on Nov. 7th, in that year, by the
+Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. King.
+
+The church is in the Early English style, consisting of nave, chancel,
+north and south aisles, north porch, high open belfry with one bell, and
+has sittings for 400 persons.  The materials of the structure are white
+brick, with dressings of Ancaster stone.  It was considerably improved in
+1887, and, more recently, in 1895.
+
+The windows in the north and south aisles are plain small lancets, in
+pairs; 5 pairs on the south side, and 4 pairs, with porch door, on the
+north.  The north and south arcades have 5 bays, with narrow
+perpendicular arches, except the easternmost, on both sides, which are
+wider, with a view to future transepts; the octagonal columns of brick
+have nicely carved stone capitals.  The clerestory windows above, 5 on
+each side, are alternately quatrefoils and inverted triangles.  The roof
+is of a very high pitch, slated externally, and internally of deeply
+stained deal.  The principals of the chancel roof are ornamented with
+deeply cut dog-tooth pattern.  The choir is rather narrow, and without
+aisles.  At the east end of the north aisle is the vestry, the doorway
+leading to it having a richly carved arch, supported by twin pilasters,
+with carved capitals; the porch doorway has also a richly carved arch,
+with dog-tooth moulding, and clusters of pillars below.
+
+The east window in the chancel is of 3 lights, and is an enlarged copy of
+the beautiful Early English east window of Kirkstead Abbey Chapel; with
+triple columns between, and, on either side of the lights, having richly
+carved capitals; the wall space above being also elaborately carved with
+floriated pattern.  It was fitted with coloured glass, by an anonymous
+donor, in memory of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, in whose vicariate, as has
+been stated, the church was built.  The subjects are, running across and
+in the centre, the Nativity, the Crucifixion, and Transfiguration; above
+being the Resurrection, and Christ sitting in glory; and in the lower
+row, our Lord as the Good Shepherd, the Man of sorrows and the Light of
+the world.
+
+In the chancel walls, north and south, are triple windows in the same
+style, but with plain columns and white glass.  Below the east window is
+a stone Reredos, having four panels with decorated arches on each side,
+north and south; with a central canopy of 3 compartments, nicely carved,
+and plain cross in the centre.  This was carved and designed by Messrs.
+F. Bell & Son, of Horncastle.  The Reredos was due to a movement
+originating with the Girls' Club, then under the management of Miss Agnes
+Armstrong; assisted by contributions from members of the choir, a
+considerable sum of money being raised by them, for altar frontals and
+other fittings in the chancel.  These, and other additions, were
+dedicated by the late vicar, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, on All Saints'
+day, Nov. 1, 1895.
+
+The Organ, on the north side of the choir, is a good instrument.  In the
+early days of the church an old organ was transferred from St. Mary's
+Church and placed at the west end, but this was sold in 1869, and for
+some years a harmonium was used in the choir.  The present instrument was
+the work of Messrs. Foster & Andrews, of Hull, and has one manual, with
+pedals.
+
+The Pulpit, on the south of the lofty chancel arch, is of stone, having 5
+panels with dog-tooth borders, illuminated in gold and various colours;
+and having, within central circles, figures of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke
+and John, the fifth having the cross with the inscription "Feed my
+sheep."  The Reading Desk, on the north, is part of the chancel sedilia;
+this, with the Lectern, slightly carved, in front of it, and all the
+sittings, are of pitch pine, stained.
+
+At the west end of the south aisle is a plain lancet window of one light.
+The window corresponding to this, in the north aisle, has good coloured
+glass, in memory of the late Hugh George, M.D., who died in 1895.  It has
+two subjects (1) The healing of the lame man by SS. Peter and John, at
+the beautiful gate of the temple, and (2) Luke, the beloved physician,
+ministering to St. Paul, in prison at Rome.
+
+The west window is of two lights, narrow lancets with circular window
+above, having quatrefoil tracery.  These are filled with coloured glass,
+given by the late Miss Lucy Babington of The Rookery, Horncastle, in
+memory of her parents, brothers and sister.  The subject in the upper
+"Rose" window is the Holy Dove descending; those in the window below are
+(1) our Lord's Baptism, (2) His commission to the disciples, "Go ye, and
+baptize all nations;" (3) The baptism of a Jew (St. Paul), and (4) The
+baptism of a Gentile (Cornelius). {59}
+
+                      [Picture: Holy Trinity Church]
+
+Below this window, and in keeping with the subjects above, stands the
+Font, on a plain octagonal base.  The bowl is circular and larger than
+that in St. Mary's Church.  It is supported by 8 carved pilasters at the
+angles, with a central one; rising from these are narrow arches with
+dog-tooth moulding.
+
+In the eastern part of the churchyard lie the remains of four successive
+vicars of Horncastle, and the wife of a fifth.  A coffin-shaped stone,
+adorned with a full-length floriated cross, has this inscription: "Thomas
+James Clarke, M.A., Vicar of Horncastle, died 14th May, 1853.  Is any
+among you afflicted, let him pray."  This stone was put down by the Rev.
+Edmund Huff, who was curate at the time of Mr. Clarke's death, and
+afterwards Rector of Little Cawthorpe near Louth.
+
+An upright stone, the head forming an inverted overhanging arch,
+ornamented with dog-tooth pattern (copied from a panel in the church
+pulpit), has the inscription: "W. H. Milner, Vicar of Horncastle, died
+October 3rd, 1868, aged 64."  Within the arch is a Calvary Cross, on the
+steps of which are these words "He that believeth in Me hath everlasting
+life."  On the base of the stone is a quotation from the Burial Service,
+"Blessed are the dead, which die in the Lord, &c."  Near this a massive
+decorated cross bears the inscription: "Robert Giles, Vicar of
+Horncastle, died July 12th, 1872.  Jesu, Mercy."  This is an exact
+reproduction of a granite cross in Willoughby churchyard, erected to the
+memory of the late Archdeacon Giles, the vicar's brother.
+
+A grass grave, surrounded by a kerb, has resting upon it a full-length
+plain Latin cross, along the arms of which is inscribed "Jesu Mercy."
+Surrounding the kerb is the inscription "Arthur Scrivenor, M.A., Vicar of
+Horncastle, born January 13th, 1831, died August 27th, 1882."  "Never
+resting, never tiring, in the endless work of God;" the latter words
+being a quotation from Dr. Mansel's _Life of Bishop Wilberforce of Oxford
+and Winchester_.
+
+Very near the last tomb is the grave of the wife of the late Vicar of
+Horncastle, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, now Rector of Welby, near
+Grantham; the plain slab bears the inscription "At rest, Nov. 25, 1888."
+
+The following biographical notes may not be without interest.  The Rev.
+T. J. Clarke was a remarkable man; born in this neighbourhood, in a
+humble rank of life (his widowed mother occupying a cottage in Woodhall,
+where, to his honour, he frequently visited her, and supported her,
+during his vicariate), he was apprenticed as a boy to a tradesman in
+Leeds.  A lady upon whom he attended, as she made purchases in the shop,
+noticed his intelligence; the result being that she sent him, at her own
+expense, to be educated at a good school, and, in due time, assisted him
+to enter at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took Double Honours,
+and obtained a Fellowship.  He was afterwards appointed to the Vicarage
+of Penrith, Cumberland, thus coming under the notice of the Bishop of
+Carlisle, who, as Patron, presented him to the Vicarage of Horncastle, on
+the death of Dr. Madely in 1845.  With Mr. Clarke's arrival in Horncastle
+it was felt that a new era in church life had begun.  He threw himself
+with characteristic energy into every kind of work, and at one time had 3
+curates.  To him was due the erection of Holy Trinity Church, and a great
+multiplication of Church services.  The old vicarage, a poor house close
+to St. Mary's churchyard, was pulled down, and he rented the house in
+South Street, with extensive gardens, which afterwards became the
+residence of Major Armstrong and now occupied by Mrs. Howland.
+Notwithstanding his heavy parochial work Mr. Clarke (as the present
+writer can testify) kept up his classical and mathematical studies.  He
+was also devoted to music, and a very skilful performer on the flute.
+Although these were relaxations from his more serious parochial labours,
+the amount of mental work involved eventually told upon his health, and
+in the 8th year of his vicariate it became perceptible, even in his
+pulpit utterances, that his mind was affected.  He had married a
+Cumberland lady, but all her care and attention was unavailing; he
+gradually collapsed into a condition of melancholy, scarcely roused by
+anything except the music of his piano. {60}  The end inevitable was seen
+to be approaching, but unfortunately Mr. Clarke by his own act
+anticipated it.  Being accidently left alone for a few moments he took a
+pistol, which he had concealed in a drawer, walked out into the garden
+and shot himself, the overwrought brain rendering him no longer
+accountable for his actions.
+
+Of his successor, the Rev. Prebendary W. H. Milner, who, like Mr. Clarke,
+had held preferment in the diocese of Carlisle, we have only to say that
+he was an able man of business, carried on the work of the church with
+great energy, and introduced many reforms.  He built the present
+vicarage.  He was the last vicar nominated by the Bishop of Carlisle.  Of
+the next two vicars it may be said that their tenure of office was all
+too short, hard faithful labour cutting off the Rev. Robert Giles (as we
+have before stated) in 1872, after a vicariate of only 4 years; while the
+Rev. Arthur Scrivenor died, after 10 years work in the parish, in his
+51st year, in 1882.  Canon E. Fowler Quarrington succeeded him, and held
+the vicarage during 18 years, when he was transferred, in 1900, to the
+Rectory of Welby, near Grantham.  The Rev. Prebendary Alfred Edgar Moore,
+formerly Vicar of Messingham, near Brigg, began his vicariate in 1900,
+being inducted into the benefice on August 24, in that year.
+
+Horncastle, we may here add, has been well served by its Curates.
+"Comparisons are (proverbially) odious," we will not therefore refer to
+any of these in recent years; but we may take three typical cases of men
+whose memory is still green and redolent of good work.
+
+In the latter years of the amiable vicar, Dr. Madely, he needed an active
+assistant, and such was the Rev. William Spranger White, of Trinity
+College, Cambridge, a member of a family of position, the head of which
+was his uncle, Sir Thomas Wollaston White, of Wallingwells Park, Worksop,
+High Sheriff 1839, and formerly of the 10th Hussars.  Mr. White possessed
+independent means and was very generous.  He was of a most sympathetic
+nature, and became greatly beloved by all classes.  He worked hard in the
+parish from his ordination in 1833 to 1849. {61}  In that year he was
+selected by the Marchioness of Lothian, to take charge of an Episcopalian
+Church, which her Ladyship built and endowed at Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.
+The church was opened with an octave of services, which were attended by
+the great Doctor Hook of Leeds, who had recommended Mr. White to her
+Ladyship.  The father of the present writer, and many leading clergymen
+from this neighbourhood, and various parts of England and Scotland,
+attended the opening services.  Mr. White remained there for some years,
+and married the eldest daughter of Lord Chancellor Campbell, who resided
+at Hartrigg House, near Jedburgh.  This marriage led to his subsequent
+return to England, being appointed by the Lord Chancellor to the Rectory
+of St. Just, near Land's End, Cornwall; at a later date promoted to the
+Vicarage of Chaddesley Corbett, near Kidderminster, Worcestershire; and
+finally in 1859 to the Rectory of Potterhanworth, near Lincoln, of which
+cathedral he was made an Honorary Canon, in recognition of his generous
+gifts towards cathedral improvements.  Here he did excellent work until
+his death in 1893. {62}
+
+We next take two of the well chosen curates of the Vicar, T. J. Clarke,
+who were contemporaries at Horncastle; Charles Dashwood Goldie of St.
+John's College, Cambridge, where he took Mathematical Honours in 1847,
+was ordained as Curate of Horncastle in 1848.  An able preacher and
+indefatigable worker in the parish, he at once made his mark, not only in
+the town, but in the neighbourhood; he and his beautiful wife being
+welcome guests in many a rectory and vicarage.  He was also a man of good
+social position and private means, and occupied a good house with large
+garden on the north side of West Street (then called Far Street),
+belonging to the late Mrs. Conington, within some 120 yards of the
+railway station, now occupied by Mr. Sills, and named "The Chestnuts."
+Mr. Goldie being curate at the time when Holy Trinity Church was built
+presented the carved oak chairs within the communion rails.  After
+leaving Horncastle he was appointed to the vicarage of St. Ives, in the
+diocese of Ely.  The Goldies were an old Manx family; Col. Goldie, his
+brother, of the Scotts Guards Regiment, being President of the House of
+Keys, the local parliament.  Their residence in that island is "The
+Nunnery," near the town of Douglas, so called from the ruin close at hand
+of an ancient priory, said to have been founded by St. Bridget in the
+sixth century.  Mr. Goldies' nephew is the present Sir George Dashwood
+Tanbman Goldie, Privy Councillor, K.C.M.G., F.R.G.S., &c, formerly of the
+Royal Engineers, but latterly holding various Government appointments,
+director of several expeditions in West Africa, having travelled in
+Egypt, the Soudan, Algiers, Morocco, &c., and attended the Berlin
+Conference in 1884, as an expert on questions connected with the Niger
+country, where he founded the Royal Chartered Company of Nigeria.  His
+latest honour (1905) is the Presidency of the Royal Geographical Society,
+in succession to Sir Clements P. Markham, K.C.B., &c.
+
+The Rev. Thomas Castle Southey (a relative of the poet) was Fellow of
+Queen's College, Oxford, where he took Classical and Mathematical Honours
+in 1847.  He was ordained in the same year, and held the curacy of
+Horncastle from that year till 1849.  He was an able and scholarly
+preacher and persevering worker in the parish.  On leaving Horncastle he
+became Incumbent of the Episcopal Church at Montrose, N.B., which he held
+for six years, when he became Assistant Curate of St. Paul's Church,
+Brighton, under the Rev. Arthur Wagner; then Curate of the church of St.
+Thomas the Martyr at Oxford; then Vicar of Wendron, Cornwall, and
+afterwards of Newbold Pacey, near Leamington, in 1868.  After leaving
+Horncastle he was invited by the Governors, as an able scholar, to
+examine the Horncastle Grammar School, then a considerably larger school
+than it has been in later years, with a large number of day boys, and
+also boarders from London, many distant parts of the country, and even
+from Jersey and the continent.
+
+As this is the last chapter in which we shall deal with church matters,
+we may here say that a Clerical Club, with valuable library and news
+room, was established in the town in the year 1823.  At that time there
+was a numerous community of country clergymen living in the town; a
+dozen, or more, villages in the neighbourhood having no official
+residence in their parishes; thus a Clerical Club became a convenient
+institution for social intercourse, and valuable papers were often read
+at their meetings.  This ceased to exist at the close of the 19th
+century, when the books were transferred to the Diocesan Library at
+Lincoln.  In order to enable these country incumbents to maintain a town
+residence, they, in several cases, held a plurality of benefices, which
+would hardly be allowed in the present day.  Even the Vicar of
+Horncastle, Dr. Madely, also held the Vicarage of Stickford, distant more
+than a dozen miles; another clergyman was Rector of Martin, Vicar of
+Baumber, and Rector of Sotby, several miles apart; while a third held the
+Perpetual Curacy of Wood Enderby, 4 or 5 miles to the south-east of the
+town, with the Curacy of Wilksby adjoining, and the Chapelry of
+Kirkstead, 5 or 6 miles to the west.  Further, to eke out the family
+income, his daughter found employment of a somewhat novel kind in the
+service of the late Queen Victoria.  Being in figure the exact size of
+the Queen, her Majesty's dresses were all tried on this lady by the royal
+dressmaker; and, as a portion of her remuneration, the cast-off clothing
+of the Queen became her perquisite.  On the occasion of the wedding of
+one of her friends at Horncastle, the bride and her bridesmaids were all
+attired in Queen's dresses.
+
+In connection with the church is the "Young Churchmen's Union," of which
+the Vicar is President.  They have fortnightly meetings, in the Boys'
+National School, at 8.15 p.m.  There is also a Church Lads' Brigade, No.
+1951, attached to the 1st Battalion, Lincoln Regiment, B 51.  This was
+enrolled Oct. 1st, 1901.  The members are youths between the ages of 13
+and 19; the present Lieutenant being H. W. Sharpe; Chaplain, the Vicar;
+Assistant Chaplain and Correspondent, the Senior Curate.  Entrance fee
+1/6, subscription 1d. per week.
+
+The Church National Schools are good substantial buildings, erected at
+various periods, the Girls' School in 1812, the Infants' in 1860, and the
+Boys' (at a cost of 1,000 pounds) in 1872; the total accommodation is for
+300 children, the average attendance being about 250.  The schools were
+taken over by the Lindsey County Council, on April 1st, 1903.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+
+There are in Horncastle five Nonconformist religious communities, the
+Wesleyan, Congregational, Primitive Methodist, Baptist, and New Church or
+Swedenborgian, each now having substantially built chapels, resident
+ministers, with Sunday, and, in one case, Day Schools. Through the
+courtesy of the Rev. John Percy, late Head Minister of the Wesleyan
+Society, we are enabled to give a fairly full account of its origin and
+growth, down to the present 20th century.  As this is the most important
+religious body in the town, next to the Church of England, although it is
+not the oldest, we take the Wesleyans first.  As will be seen in the
+following account, this Society arose from a very small beginning, but at
+the present time, with perhaps the exception of the Baptists, it is the
+most numerous and influential body among Nonconformists.  Although,
+locally, rather fewer in numbers in recent years, than formerly, it is
+generally growing, and in the year 1904, as published statistics show, it
+acquired in the United Kingdom an addition of 10,705 full members, with
+11,874 members on trial, and junior members 4,367; a total increase of
+26,946.
+
+
+
+THE WESLEYANS.
+
+
+The founder of this Society was, as its name implies, John Wesley,
+probably of the same stock as the great Duke of Wellington, whose family
+name was variously written Wellesley, or Wesley. {64}  We take the
+immediately following particulars mainly from the _History of England_,
+by Henry Walter, B.D. and F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's College,
+Cambridge, Professor in the East India College, Hertford, Chaplain to the
+Duke of Northumberland, &c., &c., himself a Lincolnshire man.
+
+John and Charles Wesley were the second and third sons of Samuel Wesley,
+Rector of Epworth, near Gainsborough; {65} John being born in 1703 (June
+17), and Charles in 1708 (Dec. 18).  John was educated at the
+Charterhouse, and Charles at Westminster School.  In due course they both
+entered at Oxford University; John eventually being elected to a
+Fellowship at Lincoln College, and Charles to a Studentship at
+Christchurch.  In 1725 John was ordained deacon of the Church of England.
+He left Oxford for a time to act as his father's curate, Charles remained
+as Tutor to his college.  He, with some of his undergraduate pupils,
+formed a custom of meeting on certain evenings every week for scripture
+study and devotion, they carefully observed the Church's fasts and
+festivals, and partook of the Holy Communion every Sunday.  From the
+strict regularity of their lives the name was given to them, by those who
+were laxer in conduct, of "Methodists."
+
+                        [Picture: Wesleyan Chapel]
+
+In 1729 the Rector of Lincoln College summoned John Wesley to resume
+residence at Oxford, and he became Tutor of the College.  In this
+capacity he was careful to look after the souls, as well as the
+intellectual training, of those under his influence.  The brothers began
+missionary work in Oxford, about the year 1730, in which they were
+assisted by a few other kindred spirits.  They visited the sick and
+needy, with the permission of the parish clergy, as well as offenders
+confined in the gaol.  This continued for some time, but gradually John
+began to long for a wider field for his spiritual energies.  He had
+gathered about him a small band of equally earnest associates, and they
+went out to Georgia, North America, in 1735, to work among the English
+settlers and North American Indians.  After two years John returned to
+England, in 1737, and then began the work of his life.
+
+It is said that he was a good deal influenced by the _De Imitatione
+Christi_ of Thomas a Kempis (of which he published an abridged edition in
+1777), {66a} also by Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Living and Dying_; and he
+imputed his own conversion to his study of Law's _Serious Call_.  His
+"first impression of genuine Christianity," as he called it, was from the
+Moravian sect, with whom he came in contact at Hirnuth in Saxony, which
+he visited in 1738, after his return from America; but his complete
+"conversion," he was wont to say, occurred at a meeting of friends, in
+Aldersgate Street, London, where one of them was reading Luther's
+_Preface to St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans_, the exact time being 8.45
+p.m., May 24, 1738.
+
+Though taking an independent course, and appointing only lay workers as
+his agents, he regarded himself to the end of his days as an ordained
+minister of the Church of England, and his society as still being a part
+of it, and he urged all faithful Wesleyans to attend church service once
+on Sunday, and to receive the Holy Communion at church, it being only
+after his death that the society's secession became complete. {66b}
+
+The first Wesleyan congregation of about 50 members, some of them
+Moravians, was formed in London, where they met in Fetter Lane, once a
+week; the first meeting being on May 1st, 1738, and from that day the
+society of "Methodists" may be regarded as having begun. {66c}  The birth
+of the sect in Lincolnshire may be said to date from his visit to
+Epworth, in 1742.
+
+In 1743 he divided the whole county into two sections, or circuits, the
+eastern and western.  Of the eastern Grimsby was the head; this included
+Horncastle, and gradually comprised some 15 other subsidiary centres,
+extending from Grimsby and Caistor in the north, to Holbeach in the
+south.
+
+His earliest recorded visit to Horncastle was in 1759, when he addressed
+a large concourse of people in a yard, supposed to be that of the Queen's
+Head Inn, near the Market Place, on April 4th and 5th.  On July 18th,
+1761, he again preached here, and on July 18th, 1774, he addressed, as
+his journal states, "a wild unbroken herd."  On July 6th, 1779, he says
+"I took my usual stand in the Market Place, Horncastle, the wild men were
+more quiet than usual, Mr. Brackenbury, J.P., of Raithby Hall, standing
+near me."  This Mr. Robert Carr Brackenbury remained his firm friend
+through life; and we may here add that he granted to Wesley the use of
+his hay loft at Raithby for religious services, further securing the use
+of it in perpetuity, by his will, to the Wesleyan body, so that the
+curious anomaly has occurred that, when the hall was bought in 1848, by
+the Rev. Edward Rawnsley, the house became the residence of an Anglican
+clergyman, yet bound to allow the loft over his stable to be used for
+nonconformist worship.  In recent years the stable has been unused as
+such and the loft made more comfortable, being furnished with seats,
+pulpit, &c
+
+Wesley, throughout his life, generally visited Horncastle every two
+years, his death occurring on March 2nd, 1791.  There is in Westminster
+Abbey a mural memorial of John and Charles Wesley, having within a
+medallion, the bust-sized effigies of the two brothers, beneath which is
+inscribed the saying of Wesley, "The best of all is God with us."  Below
+this, within a panel, is a representation of John Wesley, preaching from
+his father's tomb in Epworth churchyard.  Beneath are two more quotations
+from his own words, "I look upon all the world as my parish," and "God
+buries His workmen, but carries on His work."  At the head of the slab is
+the inscription "John Wesley, M.A., born June 17th, 1703, died March 2nd,
+1791.  Charles Wesley, M.A., born December 18th, 1708, died March 29th,
+1788."
+
+The growth of the society was not rapid, and for some years was subject
+to fluctuations.  In 1769 Grimsby had 56 members and Horncastle 42,
+including such well-known local names as Rayson and Goe.  In 1774 Grimsby
+had fallen to 32 members and Horncastle to about the same.  In 1780
+Horncastle had only 31 members, but the numbers had increased in the
+neighbourhood; Kirkby-on-Bain having nearly as many as Horncastle, viz.
+29, Wood Enderby 10, Hemingby 7, and Thimbleby 18; there being evidently
+a greater readiness to accept the new teaching among the simpler rural
+population.
+
+In 1786 Horncastle was made the head of a circuit to itself, and in that
+year the first chapel in the town was built, the whole circuit then
+numbering 620 members.  This chapel was near the site of the present
+Baptist place of worship.  A few years later the opposing barrier among
+the upper class seems in some degree to have given way, as, in 1792, we
+find the name of Joseph Bass, a "physician," as "leader."  In 1800 there
+was further growth in the country, Greetham having 21 and Fulletby 26;
+among the latter occurring the still well-known names of Winn (Richard
+and Elizabeth), 5 Riggalls, and 5 Braders.  By this time there were 6
+circuits formed in Lincolnshire, and congregations at Newark and
+Doncaster.
+
+Although there was a chapel at Horncastle there was no minister's
+residence until after 1786.  At that date John Barritt rode over from
+Lincoln to preach, and finding no Wesleyan minister's house, he was taken
+in and hospitably entertained by a Mr. Penistoun, who was "a great
+Culamite."  After staying the night with him he rode on next day to
+Alford, for Sabbath duty.  On the death of John Wesley (1791) his mantle
+fell, and indeed, had already fallen, in several cases, on shoulders
+worthy of the commission which he conferred upon them.  The first
+resident ministers were the Rev. Thomas Longley, Superintendent; the
+above John Barritt was the second, and Richard Thoresby the third.
+
+Hitherto it had not been a service free from difficulty, or even danger.
+Itinerary ministers had to make their journeys on duty, often long and
+wearying, on horseback, over bad country roads, even occasionally
+incurring hardship and peril.  In 1743 Mr. John Nelson was sent by Wesley
+to Grimsby, and his journals describe severe labour and even persecution.
+Another pioneer, Thomas Mitchell, was thrown by a mob into a pool of
+water, and, when drenched, was painted white from head to foot.  He was
+afterwards thrown into a pond more than 12 feet deep, rescued and carried
+to bed by friends, he was thrice dragged out of his bed because he would
+not promise not to visit the place (Wrangle) again.  Wesley himself, in
+his journal (May 10, 1757) says "I preached to a mixed congregation, some
+serious, others drunk;" but on the other hand, in 1764, he preached, when
+the chapel "though having its galleries, was too small."
+
+We have named John Barritt among the early Horncastle ministers.  He was
+preaching on one occasion at Boston, when a band of roughs forced their
+way into the chapel and interrupted the service, driving some of the
+congregation away.  He had, however, a more serious experience, from
+exposure to the roughness of the elements.  He was riding to Boston,
+apparently by a somewhat circuitous route, and a violent storm arose at
+sea.  When he was not far from the coast the sea bank gave way, the
+country was inundated, vessels were even carried some distance inland,
+Boston itself was deluged, and he might have been drowned, but that he
+managed to reach some high ground, and arrived safely at Sibsey.
+
+About this date, we are told, the progress of Wesleyanism excited the
+jealousy of the clergy, not so tolerant as they are now, and a meeting
+was held at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle, at which it was argued that the
+"spread of Methodism was one of the causes of the awful irreligion"
+prevalent, that the ministers were "raving enthusiasts, pretending to
+divine impulse, and thus obtained sway over the ignorant."
+
+John Barritt was re-appointed to Horncastle in 1801, as Superintendent,
+his colleagues being Thomas Rought, John Watson, and Squire Brackenbury
+as supernumerary, the latter was also, about this time, appointed head of
+the society in Spilsby. {68a}  J. Barritt was grandfather of Robert
+Newton Barritt, who was very popular in Horncastle, 1882-1884.  Wesley's
+characteristic advice to him had been "When thou speakest of opinions, or
+modes of worship, speak with coolness, but when thou speakest of
+Repentance, Faith and Holiness, then, if thou hast any zeal, show it!"
+and to these principles he was ever true.
+
+Other ministers of note at different periods were George Shadford, a name
+still surviving in the town; Charles Atmore, who wrote sundry Wesleyan
+hymns; Thomas Jackson, a great scholar, twice elected President of the
+National Conference; Digory Joll, grandfather of the present Mr. Watson
+Joll (to whom the writer owes much of the information here utilized); and
+to these we may add Benjamin Gregory, 1817; Robert Ramm and Robert
+Bryant, 1830; {68b} Bryant was called a "son of thunder," from his great
+energy.
+
+In 1835 Leonard Posnet was a popular minister, not only in the town but
+in the country around, being much appreciated by the farmers from his
+intimate acquaintance with their avocation.  He was followed (1838-1840)
+by Joseph Kipling, grandfather of the now well-known Rudyard Kipling.
+Joseph Clapham was a faithful minister from 1843 to 1845, and was
+succeeded by (1845-1848) "Father" Crookes, "Preacher" Wood, and the
+"saintly" Fowler, who was said to have made 900 converts.
+
+Then followed Wright Shovelton, Martin Jubb, Peter Featherstone, Henry
+Richardson, and others, among whom it would be invidious to make
+distinctions.  We may add that a famous missionary of this sect was
+Thomas Williams, son of John Williams, a cabinet maker of Horncastle, the
+latter being an active member of the Wesleyan Sunday School Committee.
+His first wife, mother of the missionary, was Miss Hollingshead, who,
+with her mother, kept a girls' school, near the Bow Bridge.  A _History
+of the Fiji Mission_, issued in 1858, says "The good ship Triton sailed
+from England, Sep. 14, 1839, carrying out the Rev. T. Williams, and his
+wife, to Lakamba, Fiji."  They arrived there July 6, 1840.  He there
+built a mission house and chapel, where he laboured several years, the
+mission growing in extent, until it was beyond his strength.  In June,
+1852, Mr. Moore was appointed as a colleague to relieve him of some of
+the work, but again his health broke down, and he was obliged to leave,
+after 13 years' hard labour, in July, 1853.  He went to Australia and
+took various charges in that country, being chosen President of the
+Mission at Ballarat in 1873.  He re-visited England in 1861, and again in
+1881, returning to Ballarat, as a supernumerary, but still officiating.
+The present writer well remembers the impression made by a lecture, given
+by Rev. T. Williams, at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle.
+
+                     [Picture: Wesleyan Day Schools]
+
+Among the latest ministers of note has been the Rev. John Percy, who gave
+up his charge as Superintendent in 1904, and was succeeded by the Rev. E.
+Hayward, who left Horncastle on Thursday, Aug. 29, 1907, for work at
+Bridlington; he was succeeded by Rev. John Turner, of Colchester, who was
+6 years ago in Louth Circuit, {70a} the Rev. G. German Brown continuing
+as assistant.  He was succeeded by the Rev. M. Philipson, B.A., coming,
+with his wife, since deceased (March 14, 1906), from Stanley, near
+Durham, where they were the recipients of valuable presents on their
+departure.
+
+In recent years no member of the society has been more valued than the
+late octogenarian, Mr. John Rivett, J.P., who died Sept 4, 1906.  For
+nearly 70 years he was a generous supporter of the cause; he represented
+the district at no less than 13 Conferences, in various parts of the
+country, and at the Leeds Conference, in 1882, he spoke for an hour and a
+quarter in advocacy of its principles.  Mr. Henry Lunn, of Horncastle and
+West Ashby, is also well known, as, for many years, an able local lay
+preacher and practical man of business; he was a representative at
+Conferences in London and at Burslem.
+
+Of the buildings in Horncastle, connected with this society, we have
+gathered the following details.  As already stated the first chapel was
+erected in Cagthorpe about the year 1786.  It stood a few yards to the
+north of the present Baptist place of worship, which is close to the
+north-west corner of the Wong.  The early history of this first erection
+is little known, but a letter written by Rev. T. Williams of Ballarat,
+dated May 10, 1889, to the late Mr. W. Pacy, states that, after some
+years, it was replaced by a larger building, of which the dimensions are
+elsewhere given, as being length 54-ft., by width 36-ft., with 4 large
+windows, having pointed heads, on the north side, and single windows on
+the south and west; a small porch at the south-east corner, facing the
+Baptist Chapel, giving entrance to the body and galleries; a door at the
+south-west end for the use of the minister, opening near the pulpit,
+which was at the west end; the eastern gable being the roadway boundary.
+Of these "pointed" windows the Rev. T. Williams says, "the lancet
+windows, with quarry panes, were a whim of Mr. Griggs Lunn and of my
+father.  Of this building some remains are still visible, to the height
+of about 3 feet, in the south wall of Mr. Scholey's garden, about 50
+yards to the north of the Baptist Chapel.  Towards its erection a number
+of masons, joiners, and others, who could not afford subscriptions, gave
+their labours gratuitously.  Two houses for ministers were also built
+close by.
+
+In 1836 a third chapel was begun, on a new site in Union Street (now
+Queen Street), and was opened on Good Friday in the following year, the
+interior fittings being transferred from the second building in
+Cagthorpe.
+
+In 1866 a movement was commenced, with a view to the erection of a still
+larger chapel, and the present fine building was the result; opened in
+1869, with accommodation for over 1,000 persons (1024), at a cost of
+5,876 pounds. {70b}  The Sunday School adjoining, with large class rooms
+and infant school being built in 1875, at a further outlay of 2,578
+pounds.  The fittings of the chapel are of stained polished deal, the
+gallery front and pulpit are white, picked out with gold, the latter
+standing upon 4 round-headed arches of light and graceful design.  A new
+organ was erected soon after the opening of this chapel, at a cost of 300
+pounds, and in 1883 the instrument was enlarged and improved.
+
+In 1886 the Centenary of Wesleyanism was celebrated and the occasion was
+marked by a strenuous effort to clear off the debt from the Horncastle
+Circuit.  This effort was supplemented by "Ye olde Englyshe Fayre,
+houlden in ye Exchange Hall, Nov. 20, 21 and 22, MDCCCLXXXVIII;" and at a
+tea gathering on March 12, 1889, it was stated that the original debt
+had, in the previous two years, been reduced to 60 pounds, and since then
+the whole had been cleared off, the exact sum raised being 1,526 pounds
+2s. 4d.; while, as an evidence of the general prosperity of the Society,
+the Chairman stated that in the last 24 years debts had, throughout the
+country, been paid to the total amount of no less than 1,226,245 pounds.
+{71a}
+
+In 1860 a former foundry show room, in Foundry Street, built by the late
+Mr. Tupholme, was acquired through the generosity of Mr. J. Rivett, to be
+used as a mixed day school; it had one large general room, four
+classrooms, and two large yards, and afforded accommodation for more than
+400 scholars.  The premises cost 450 pounds, but before the school was
+opened some 1,300 pounds had been spent in adapting them to educational
+purposes.  This has now been superceded by an even more commodious
+building in Cagthorpe, on the south branch of the canal, at the corner
+near the Bow Bridge, opposite St. Mary's Square, at a cost of 2,500
+pounds.  It has a very large room for a mixed school, another for an
+infant school, with classrooms and everything required, in accordance
+with the latest conditions by Act of Parliament.  The foundation stone
+was laid June 22, 1904, and the school was formally opened Jan. 4, 1905.
+
+A Young Men's Institute was established in the beginning of 1889, by the
+Rev. G. White, then Superintendent Minister, for which the classroom of
+the Sunday School was to be available for their use, every evening except
+Sunday, supplied with daily papers, magazines, &c.; classes also being
+held for the consideration of important subjects and for mutual
+improvement; these are still continued.  There is also a Wesley Guild,
+which meets every Friday evening, in the band room, Queen Street, at 8
+o'clock, during the winter months, and on the first Friday evening in the
+month during the summer.  Marriages are celebrated in this chapel. {71b}
+
+
+
+THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS.
+
+
+We have given an account of the rise and progress of Wesleyanism, but, as
+that society eventually made a complete separation from the Church of
+England, of which its founder remained through life an ordained minister
+and communicant, so the seeds of disruption spread in itself.  At
+different periods it threw out off-shoots, amounting in all to some eight
+different daughter societies; such as those which are named "The Original
+Connection," "The New Connection," "The Primitive Methodists," &c.  Of
+these the last alone is represented in Horncastle.  More than 50 years
+ago {71c} the Primitives had, in this country, 2,871 places of worship,
+with 369,216 sittings; with the exception of the "Original Connection,"
+none of the other off-shoots had then as many as 100,000 sittings.
+
+In Horncastle the first chapel, opened in 1821, was a small building,
+situated on the left side of what is now Watermill Yard, to the north of
+the town.  This proving too small for the growing congregation, a larger
+structure, an oblong building, with front gable at the east end and a
+gallery, was erected in 1837; the minister's house being at the west end.
+This was about half way up Watermill Road, on the north side, now a
+stable, but still retaining a pointed window.  This building was of the
+date of the superintendency of the Rev. John Butcher.  The residence was
+found to be too damp to be comfortable, and a house was taken for him in
+Prospect Street.  In the early days of this chapel Mary Crossley, a
+Revivalist, occasionally preached here.  Possibly the services at this
+time were rather too demonstrative, as they were not unfrequently
+interrupted by roughs, and the sect acquired the name of "The Ranters."
+{72}  An amusing anecdote is related of Mr. Butcher; he was a somewhat
+eccentric character, and in the discharge of his intinerant ministrations
+he usually rode on a donkey, sometimes accompanied by her foal; and a
+waggish passer-by on the road is said, on one occasion, to have saluted
+them with the greeting "Good morning, ye three," adding _sotto voce_,
+"donkeys."
+
+After a few years this second chapel was found lacking in accommodation
+and a third building, the present edifice, was erected in Prospect
+Street, in the year 1853, with sittings for 380, at a cost of about 1,100
+pounds.  As this is a substantial structure, likely to last for many
+years, we may here describe it.  It is of red brick, except the arch of
+the western door, which has a band of white bricks; the bricks are larger
+than usual, being 3.25 inches in thickness.  The entrance has a double
+door opening into a lobby, at each end of which is a staircase, leading
+to the north and south galleries.  There is a window on each side of the
+door, three windows above, and over them, in the gable, a stone, with the
+inscription "Primitive Methodist Chapel, 1853."  At the east end of the
+interior is a Rostrum, 12-ft. long, divided into two stages, the front
+one being 8 inches above the floor, the second, behind it, about 4.5-ft.
+high, with access by steps at both ends.  The front of this platform has
+slender piers, supported by lancet arches, with trefoils and quatrefoils
+between, giving a graceful effect, and painted white, gold, and grey,
+with a background chocolate in colour.  At the back of the rostrum are
+eight arches in the pannelling.  This is said to have been a copy of the
+arrangement in Bardney Chapel.  Over the rostrum is a recess in the east
+wall, containing the harmonium, which cost 40 gs., and seats for the
+choir.  The sittings in the body of the chapel are of stained and
+varnished deal.  At the rear of the chapel, entered by doors at each side
+of the rostrum, is a large room for the Sunday School, with two smaller
+class rooms above it.  The erection of this building was due to the
+exertions of the Rev. J. Haigh, who was appointed minister in 1850, and
+as an exception to the usual custom, he was requested to continue his
+ministry for four years.  We may add that, at the opening service of this
+third chapel the ministers present were Rev. J. Haigh, as Superintendent;
+Rev. T. Fletcher; Rev. R. Pinder, then at Coningsby; Rev. J. Garbutt,
+Supernumerary, from West Ashby.  The Rev. T. Fletcher was appointed as
+Second Minister in Horncastle, at that time, for two years; he became in
+1872 Superintendent Minister for three years, and again 1884 for four
+years, leaving for Market Rasen in 1888.  During the ministry of Rev. J.
+Haigh in Horncastle, several chapels were built in the neighbourhood.
+
+Horncastle was at first included in the Lincoln Circuit, but in 1837, at
+the building of the second chapel it was constituted a separate circuit,
+and when the third chapel was erected, in 1853, Coningsby was made a
+branch of Horncastle.
+
+The first preacher who visited Horncastle was a female, Jane Brown by
+name, who is said to have walked from Lincoln to Horncastle on a Sunday
+morning, giving an address in the Market Place in the afternoon, and in
+the evening holding a service in a house, now forming part of the back
+premises of the Red Lion Hotel.  The first local preachers were also
+females, Mary Allen and Mary Clarke.  The first two female members were
+Mary Elwin and Martha Belton.
+
+Mr. Butcher having been the first resident minister, was succeeded by the
+Rev. C. Smith, who worked here and in various other places during 50
+years, and then retired to York as supernumerary.  The Rev. William Rose,
+who had been Second Minister in 1850, was appointed Superintendent in
+1875, and remained two years.  A few years later the Rev. J. Pickwell
+(1888-90) was Superintendent, with Rev. W. Whitaker as Second Minister;
+the former first joined the society as a scholar in 1849, being numbered
+among the local members, he afterwards removed to Lincoln, and acted as
+Itinerant Minister for 33 years before returning to Horncastle in 1888.
+Mr. Pickwell was succeeded by Rev. William Kitson as Superintendent, with
+Rev. R. H. Auty as Second Minister.  Mr. Kitson retained his post during
+four years, when he left for Market Rasen.  Mr. Auty was followed, as
+Second Minister, by Rev. John Bowness, and he, in turn, by Rev. Thomas
+Stones.
+
+In 1894 the Rev. John Featherstone succeeded to the ministry, with Rev.
+W. J. Leadbetter as Second Minister, both these stayed to their second
+year, Mr. Featherstone dying in 1896.  In that year the Rev. John Worsnop
+was appointed, with Rev. A. W. Bagnall as Second Minister; the former
+retained his post during five years; Mr. Bagnall two years, being
+succeeded in 1898 by Rev. Walter Tunley, and he, in 1899, by the Rev.
+George H. Howgate, who stayed two years.  In 1900 Rev. J. Worsnop retired
+to Newcastle-on-Tyne, and died there in Dec., 1904.
+
+In 1901 the Rev. Matthew H. Chapman became Superintendent Minister, with
+Rev. J. A. Kershaw as Second, both remaining during two years.  In 1903
+the Rev. Robert B. Hauley succeeded, with Rev. J. Cousin as assistant,
+both remaining two years.  In 1905 (July) the former left for Kirkby
+Stephen, Westmoreland, the latter for a circuit in Shropshire.  They were
+followed by the Rev. E. Allport, from Skegness, as Superintendent, Sept.
+1905; and Rev. E. J. Hancox from Doncaster.  In June of that year the
+annual Conference was held at Scarborough.
+
+We will now put together a few details of the origin of this society.
+Hugh Bourne was born at Stoke-upon-Trent, April 3, 1772. {73}  Although
+his family was said to be ancient, his ancestors having come to England
+at the Norman Conquest, he belonged to a humble rank in life, living at
+Ford Hays Farm.  He was in early life educated by his mother, a godly
+woman, and while very young he learnt by heart the Te Deum, the Litany,
+and much of the prayers of the Church of England.  He worked for his
+father, and an uncle who was a millwright, but found time to study
+hydrostatics, pneumatics, natural philosophy, as well as Hebrew, Greek
+and Latin.  His mother's influence had given him a serious bent of mind,
+and he early acquired strong religious convictions.  His biographer says
+of him "He tells, in child-like simplicity, how, when only four or five
+years old, he pondered over thoughts of heaven and hell, the last
+judgment, and other solemn subjects.  During the next 20 years his inner
+life was one of hopes and fears, doubt and faith, conflict and victory."
+
+His mother, going to Burslem on business, borrowed of a Wesleyan friend,
+some religious books, among them being Baxter's _Call to the
+Unconverted_, Allen's _Alarm_, and a sermon by Wesley on _The Trinity_.
+Her son Hugh naturally read these, and Wesley's sermon made a great
+impression upon him.  One Sunday morning he was sitting in his room,
+reading Fletcher's Letters on _The Spiritual Manifestation of the Son of
+God_, when he declares that he was led "to believe with his heart unto
+righteousness, and with his mouth to make confession unto salvation."
+This was in his 27th year, A.D. 1799.  He joined the Wesleyan society in
+June of that year, the special occasion being a love feast at Burslem, to
+which he was taken by an aged neighbour, a farmer near Bemersley, named
+Birchenough, at whose house services were conducted, who offered him a
+ticket which constituted him a member, and thus in his own words I was
+"made a member without knowing it."
+
+As we shall presently see Hugh Bourne became one of the two originators
+of the Primitive community, the other was his friend and neighbour
+William Clowes, a sketch of his career was published some years ago, {74}
+from which we cull the leading particulars.  He was born at Burslem 12th
+March, 1780, his mother, a daughter of Aaron Wedgewood, being a near
+relation of Josiah of that name, the inventor of the famous Wedgwood
+pottery.  At ten years of age (1790) he began work in his uncle's
+pottery, which he continued for several years.  At that time dancing,
+gambling and pugilism were the chief amusement of the factory men and
+colliers of Staffordshire, and for some years he led a wild life of
+dissipation, yet this was accompanied, at times, with a sense of
+self-condemnation and spiritual consciousness.  "When I was ten years
+old," he says, "I remember being at a prayer meeting conducted by Nancy
+Wood, of Burslem, in her father's house, when, convinced of the sin of
+disobedience to my parents, I wept bitterly."  Conflicts between good and
+evil continued to disturb him for several years.  When a young man, at a
+dance in Burslem, he was so suddenly convicted of sin, that he abruptly
+withdrew.  Shortly afterwards he married, but he and his wife quarralled
+so violently that he left her, and went off, taking with him only his
+mother's prayer book.  After some wandering, without a penny in his
+pocket, he returned and begged his wife to attend the Wesleyan Chapel
+regularly with him, but she refused.  He then, prayer book in hand, took
+an oath that he would serve God and avoid dissipation.  This oath,
+however, was broken; but once more in the early hour of a cold January
+morning he went forth, and seeing a faint light burning in a window, he
+entered the house, to find a few humble methodists gathered for an early
+prayer meeting.  There, he says, he knelt unnoticed, but there he "died
+to sin, and was born of God.  This, I said, is what they call being
+converted.  I was fully persuaded that I was justified by faith, and had
+peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ."  From that day, Jan.
+20th, 1805, he began a new life.
+
+The time now approaches when the two, Hugh Bourne and William Clowes
+began the great work of their life.  At the beginning of the 19th century
+Bourne, being much employed at Harriseahead, near Bemersley, was shocked
+at the general lack of the means of grace, and he endeavoured in 1800 and
+1801 to promote a revivalist movement.  Daniel Shubotham, a boxer,
+poacher, and ringleader in wickedness, was brought, through Bourne's
+influence, to the Saviour, on Christmas day 1800, and with his natural
+energy of character took up the cause.  Matthias Bailey, another of
+Bourne's old associates was also won over, and cottage prayer meetings
+were begun among the colliers.  A meeting upon Mow Cop was proposed for a
+day given to prayer.  At this time Lorenzo Dow, an American Wesleyan
+visited the Black Country, as the coal district of Staffordshire was
+called.  He spoke of the American camp meetings, himself preaching at
+Congleton, when Hugh Bourne, with his brother James, was present; William
+Clowes being also a hearer.  They bought books of Lorenzo Dow, which had
+a marked effect on the future.  On May 31st, 1807, a camp meeting was
+held on Mow Cop, a hill in the neighbourhood, Bourne and Clowes being
+present.  Stands were erected and addresses given from four points.
+Bourne organized two companies, who continued by turns praying all the
+day; others giving accounts of their spiritual experiences, among whom
+Clowes was prominent, and his words are "The glory that filled my soul on
+that day exceeds my powers of description."  Persons were present on this
+occasion from Kilham in Yorkshire and other distant places, one, Dr. Paul
+Johnson, a friend of Lorenzo Dow, coming from Ireland.
+
+The movement had now taken definite form and substance.  Another camp
+meeting followed at the same place on July 19, lasting three days; a
+third on August 16th, at Brown Edge; a fourth on August 23rd, at
+Norton-in-the-Moors.  At this time was held the Annual Wesleyan
+Conference, at which handbills were issued denouncing this separate
+movement.  For a brief moment Bourne, Clowes and Shubotham hesitated; but
+the question was seriously considered at a meeting at the house of a
+friend, Joseph Pointon, when it was "revealed" to Bourne that the camp
+meetings "should not die, but live;" and from that moment he "believed
+himself to be called of God" for the new work; and shortly his brother
+James, James Nixon, Thomas Cotton, and others, gave themselves to the
+cause.
+
+For some years the labours of these men and their associates were chiefly
+devoted to the pottery and colliery districts of Staffordshire, where a
+remarkable change was brought about in the moral condition of the
+hitherto almost brutalized people.  The area of work was then gradually
+enlarged, extending throughout the whole country, and even, as we shall
+presently see, beyond it.  The following are a few personal details of
+Hugh Bourne's subsequent career.
+
+In 1808, on his way to Bemersley from Delamere Forest, an impression
+forced itself upon him that he would shortly be expelled from the
+Wesleyan connexion; on reaching home he found that a rumour to this
+effect was being circulated, and in June of that year the formal sentence
+of expulsion was carried out.  He continued to devote himself to the work
+of evangelization, urging however all others to join whatever
+denomination they were themselves most inclined for.
+
+He preached his first sermon at Tunstall, on Nov. 12, 1810, in a kitchen
+which had been licensed for preaching three years before.  It was not
+plastered or ceiled, so that if not required at any future time, it might
+be converted into a cottage, which took place in 1821, when a chapel was
+erected.  At the Conference held at Newcastle-on-Tyne, in 1842, he was
+most regretfully placed on the retired list, on account of his impaired
+health, a yearly pension of 25 pounds being assigned to him.  He was
+still, however, to be at liberty to visit different parts of the
+connection; and during the next ten years of his superannuation he kept
+up a very wide correspondence on religious matters, and made a missionary
+visit to America.  The last conference which he attended was at Yarmouth,
+in 1851.  For several years he had felt a premonition that the year 1852
+would be his last.  The last sermon which he preached was at Norton
+Green, on Feb. 22, 1852; and on Oct. 11, in that year, he surrendered his
+happy spirit into the hands of God, who gave it, when "the weary wheels
+of life stood still."  His chief residence would appear to have been at
+Bemersley, where it was long felt that they had lost in him "a man of
+great faith and mighty prayer."
+
+We now pass over a period of several years.  Clowes received a call to
+Hull.  He had crowded the work of a life-time into some 17 years, and his
+health was now far from good.  At a meeting in December, 1827, he
+exhibited such weakness as showed that he had done his best work.
+However, he continued to reside in Hull and visited other places from
+there, as his strength allowed.  It is certain that he visited
+Horncastle, for an old lady, Mrs. Baildham, who died in May, 1900, having
+been a member of the connection more than 70 years, frequently asserted
+that she had heard both Clowes and his wife preach in, presumably, the
+second chapel in Mill Lane.
+
+At the Conference in 1842, 35 years after the first camp meeting on Mow
+Cop, both Clowes and Bourne were present; but the assembly was saddened
+to see the original founders, of what was now a thoroughly established
+and wide-spread community, both shattered in health and broken by toil.
+Nine years later Clowes said to a friend "I feel myself failing fast, I
+am fully prepared."  He spoke of the glories of heaven, and said "I shall
+possess it all through the merits of Christ."  His speech began to fail,
+but he got downstairs, and once more led his class.  On the Saturday he
+attended a committee meeting; on Sunday he was too weak to go to chapel;
+on Monday there was further weakness; early on Tuesday slight paralysis;
+and on March 2, 1851, he quietly passed to his rest, aged 71.  The people
+of Hull were greatly moved, and many thousands lined the streets as the
+funeral procession passed to the grave, at which the Rev. William Harland
+briefly recited the story of the good man's work.
+
+Of the general progress of the connexion, we may say, that down, to 1870
+it was simply a Home and Colonial body, but, in that year, the Norwich
+branch sent out the missioners, Burnett and Roe, to the island of
+Fernando Po, on the west coast of Africa.  This was in response to an
+appeal from the Fernandians, who had been converted by a member of the
+connexion, Ship Carpenter Hands, of the ship Elgiva, who, with his godly
+Captain, Robinson, had in the course of trade visited that country.  The
+same year also saw a mission established at Aliwal North, in the eastern
+province of Cape Colony.
+
+In 1884 the Primitive Methodists of Canada formed themselves into an
+independent community, although with expressions of mutual good will on
+both sides; their numbers at that time were 8223, with 99 travelling and
+246 local ministers, and 237 chapels.
+
+From the middle of the 19th century to its close was a period of great
+expansion, a return in 1888 reporting the existence in Great Britain of
+4,406 chapels, there having been in 1843 only 1278.  In 1864 Elmfield
+College was opened at York, as a middle class school, one of their best;
+John Petty being first Warden; in 1876 a college was opened at
+Birmingham, named after the great founder, "Bourne College."  At
+Sunderland a Theological College was opened in 1868, the former Infirmary
+building being bought; and here, from that date till 1881, Dr. William
+Antliff, assisted, and afterwards, succeeded by Mr. T. Greenfield,
+trained candidates for the ministry.  The college was afterwards
+transferred to a new building at Alexandra Park, Manchester.
+
+In 1889, at the 70th Annual Conference, held in Bradford, the membership
+of the society numbered 194,347, with 1,038 itinerant and 16,229 local
+preachers; 430,641 Sunday School scholars, 4,436 chapels and 1,465
+smaller places of worship; the value of the connexion's property being
+estimated at over 3,218,320 pounds.
+
+For these details I am largely indebted to the notes of the late Mr.
+William Pacy, of the Wong, Horncastle, and to the courtesy of the Rev. R.
+B. Hanley, Minister 1903-5.
+
+
+
+THE INDEPENDENTS.
+
+
+Next in size to the Wesleyan Chapel and its Sunday Schools, on the west
+side of Queen Street, are the Chapel and Sunday Schools of the
+Independent, or Congregational, community, which stand nearly opposite,
+on the east side of the same street; the former being a handsome
+substantial building of brick, enclosed by a high wall, and tall iron
+rails and gate, to the precincts in front, at the north end.  Its
+dimensions are 50-ft. by 36-ft., with schools behind, of the same solid
+structure, as will be seen hereafter, erected at a later date.
+
+Like the Baptists this society dates from the time of the Commonwealth,
+or even earlier, though at first known by a different name.  They arose,
+indeed, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.  The persecutions of
+Protestants, under Queen Mary, drove many to take refuge in Germany and
+in Geneva, where they became familiar with the worship of the sects
+established there, which, as an unchecked reaction from the superstitious
+and elaborate ceremonies of Roman Catholicism, took a more extreme form
+than the carefully developed Reformation of the English Church allowed.
+These persons, returning to England in the reign of Elizabeth, found, as
+it seemed to them, too much Romish doctrine and practice still retained;
+the Reformation, according to their ideas, had not gone far enough.
+
+The Queen, as head of the English Church, was not disposed to listen to
+their demands for further change, and they were themselves too much
+divided to have the power to enforce them; dissension and disruption were
+the consequence.  A chief mover in this process of disintegration was
+one, Robert Brown, who founded a sect called the "Brownists."  He was the
+son of a Mr. Anthony Brown, of Tolethorpe near Stamford, in Rutlandshire,
+whose father, a man of good position, had obtained the singular privilege
+(granted only to others of noble birth) by a Charter of Henry VIII., of
+wearing his cap in the presence of Royalty.  Robert Brown was educated at
+Cambridge, graduating from Corpus Christi College, and became a
+Schoolmaster in Southwark.  About 1580 he began to put forward opinions
+condemnatory of the established church.  He held, as opposed to the
+uniformity of worship by law established, that each minister, with his
+congregation, were "a law unto themselves;" that each such small
+community had a right to be independent of all others; that it was not
+ordination which gave a minister authority to preach, but the fact that
+he was the nominee of a congregation; that councils or synods might be
+useful in giving advice, but that they could not enforce their decisions,
+and had no punitory power of censure, or excommunication, against any who
+chose to adopt an independent course.
+
+Such opinions, put forward in somewhat intemperate language, aroused much
+opposition and bitter feeling, which Brown was too impetuous to avoid, or
+to mitigate.  He continued his teaching and presently formed a
+congregation at Norwich, holding his views.
+
+An Act of Parliament had been recently passed (23 Eliz., c. 2) which made
+anyone guilty of felony who should write, or set forth, seditious matter;
+and the Queen, as supreme head of the Church, regarded Brown's action as
+an interference with the Royal prerogative.  Severe measures were adopted
+in order to restrain this new teaching.  Two preachers, Elias Thacker and
+John Copping, who embraced and proclaimed these tenet, were tried at the
+Bury Assizes in 1583, condemned, and shortly afterwards hanged.  Brown
+was himself thrown into prison, but released through the intercession of
+Lord Burghley, with whom he was connected.
+
+He now left England, and, with a number of followers settled, by
+permission of the state, at Middlebourg, in Zealand, where they formed a
+congregation.  There, however, freed from all restraint, their principles
+of independence carried them so far that differences arose among
+themselves, which broke up the community.  Brown presently returned to
+England, and for a time conformed to the Church, which he had so freely
+abused, being allowed even to hold the Benefice of Thorpe Achurch, in
+Northamptonshire.  But again and again his independence asserted itself,
+and it is said that he incurred imprisonment no less than 32 times,
+finally ending his days in Northampton jail.  While at Middlebourg he had
+published, in 1582, a book entitled _A Treatise of Reformation_, of which
+he sent many copies to England, and it was for distributing these, and
+other of his pamphlets, that the two above-named offenders were executed.
+{78}  (Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_.)
+
+The movement which Brown originated did not die with himself, and in 1593
+a congregation of Brownists was formed in London, which numbered some
+20,000 members.  A few years later their obnoxious tenets again provoked
+persecution, and once more they had to take refuge on the continent.
+Churches were established by them at Amsterdam and elsewhere, the
+principal one being at Leyden, under the Rev. John Robinson, who
+afterwards came to be regarded as the founder of Independency.  He was a
+man of considerable attainments; of more genuine piety than the impetuous
+Brown; and while equally with him, holding that each congregation was in
+itself a perfect and independent church, under Christ, he would avoid all
+bitter invective against other communities, who, with different
+regulations, might still be regarded equally as churches.
+
+Although the Brownists had no regularly ordained ministry; as newly
+constituted under Robinson, there were a number of ministers elected by
+the congregations, and no one was allowed to teach publicly until, after
+due examination, he had been pronounced qualified for the work.  The
+Independents differ chiefly from other religious societies, in that they
+reject all creeds of fallible man, their test of orthodoxy being a
+declaration that they accept the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and adhere to
+the scriptures as the sole standard of faith and practice.
+
+In 1616 a number of the society again returned to England under the
+leadership of Henry Jacobs, who had served under Robinson, and once more
+established a meeting house in London; while others, in charge of a Mr.
+Brewster, who had been a lay Elder, also under Robinson, went out, in
+1620, to North America, in the good ship Mayflower, and another vessel,
+and founded a colony at Massachusetts.
+
+Although, as has been already stated, under the influence of Robinson
+sectarian bitterness was much modified, yet throughout the reigns of
+James I. and Charles I., the Independents were in frequent conflict with
+the Presbyterians; nor was there only sectarian strife, for both parties
+had numerous supporters in Parliament, as well as partizans in the army.
+Preaching Generals and praying Captains abounded; but Cromwell favoured
+the Independents, as against Presbyterians, and this gradually paved the
+way for toleration.
+
+                [Picture: Interior Congregational Chapel]
+
+At the "Savoy Conference" in London (so called because held at the palace
+of that name), in 1658, the Independents published an epitome of their
+faith, and henceforth, with occasional interruptions, they held on their
+way; although it was not till 1831 that the "Congregational Union of
+England and Wales" was finally and fully constituted.  They again
+published, in 1833, a more definite "Declaration of Faith, Order, and
+Discipline," which continues still to be the charter of the community.
+
+We have seen that in the early annals of this society the name of John
+Robinson stood high in general estimation, but his was by no means the
+only honoured name.  Among early members of mark was Dr. John Owen, of
+Queen's College, Oxford, a learned writer, and Chancellor of the
+University in 1652; he became Chaplain to Protector Cromwell, as an
+Independent.  The Rev. Isaac Watts, who had been tutor to the sons of Sir
+John Hartop, became the popular minister of a Congregational Chapel, in
+Mark Lane, London, in 1693.  Dr. Philip Doddridge was also a valued
+member, as Minister at Norwich, Northampton, Kibworth near Market
+Harborough, and other places.  From his candour and learning he held
+friendly relations with the highest dignitaries of the established
+church; he is chiefly known for his two great works, _The Rise and
+Progress of Religion in the Soul_, and his _Family Expositor_.  To the
+regret of many he died of consumption, at a comparatively early age, in
+1751, at Lisbon, whither he had been ordered by his doctors for the
+milder climate.  The friend and biographer of the last-named, Mr. John
+Orton, was another esteemed member, who published several valuable works,
+he died in 1783.
+
+Another was Robert Hall, who ministered at Cambridge, Leicester and
+Bristol, where he died in 1831.  He was a great writer and very eloquent
+preacher.  Professedly he was a Baptist, but he frequently occupied
+Independent platforms, and admitted that he had more feeling of
+fellowship with an Independent than with a strict Baptist. {80a}  None of
+these, however, was more highly esteemed than Dr. Isaac Taylor, of
+Norwich and Colchester, author of several instructive works, and commonly
+called "the glory of the Independents."  He died in 1829.
+
+By the year 1851 this community had grown to such dimensions that it had,
+in England and Wales, 3,244 chapels, with a membership of 1,002,307.
+{80b}
+
+The connection of the Congregationalists with Horncastle is of
+comparatively recent date, and the evidence on this subject is somewhat
+conflicting.  Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, published in 1820,
+does not name them, in his list of Nonconformists, as existing here at
+that time, but Saunders' _History_, published in 1836, gives them with
+the others.  Hence they would appear to have established themselves in
+the town somewhere between those two dates; yet there exists a curious
+small publication, entitled "The Confession of Faith of the Society of
+his Majesty's Protestant subjects (dissenting from the Church of England)
+called Independents, in Horncastle, in the County of Lincoln, and places
+adjacent, Framed in the year of Christ, 1781, by W. R. Lincoln, printed
+by S. Simmons." {80c}
+
+The inference from these facts would seem to be, that, at that date,
+1781, there was an Independent congregation in the town, probably small,
+consisting of "W.R." and his personal adherents; as the wording of the
+confession is said {80d} to be very remarkable, and indeed unique, "W.R."
+was evidently rather of an eccentric turn of mind, which led him to
+publish this authoritative statement of Faith.
+
+The society, probably, in a few years became extinct, and it is not till
+the year 1820 that we find any sign of their revival.  _The Church Book_
+supplies the following details: In 1820 certain worshippers in the
+Wesleyan Chapel of that day, finding their religions views not in accord
+with general Wesleyan sentiment, decided to erect a chapel of their own;
+and for this purpose they selected a site in East Street, at the north
+west corner of Foundry Street, where now stands the house, 42, East
+Street.  This building was opened for public worship on March 22, 1821;
+the morning preacher being the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln, the Rev. John
+Pain, a Hoxton student, preaching in the afternoon, and the Rev. Thomas
+Hayes of Boston, in the evening.
+
+Mr. Pain officiated for a few weeks and then returned to Hoxton to
+complete his education for the ministry.  He had, however, left a
+pleasing impression behind him, and he was afterwards invited, in an
+address signed by 130 of the townsfolk, to come and settle among them as
+their first permanent minister.  He commenced his labours, in that
+capacity, in July of the same year.  Under his ministry the congregation
+rapidly increased, and the first chapel was soon found to be too small;
+and in September of the same year a new site was purchased at the
+north-east corner of Union Street, now Queen Street.  While this chapel
+was being built (which is still their place of worship) they were allowed
+by the Wesleyans to make use of their chapel, at stated times; some of
+their services also being, for the time, held at the British Schools, on
+the site of which the 1st Volunteer Drill Hall was afterwards erected,
+now the carriage repository of Messrs. Danby & Cheseldine.
+
+At the opening of this chapel, on March 28, 1822, the Rev. George
+Waterbourne, of Dewsbury, preached in the morning, and the Rev. Joseph
+Gilbert, of Hull, in the evening.  On Thursday, May 9th, following, seven
+persons formally announced themselves to be a church on Independent
+principles, viz., William Barton and his daughter Mary, John Jackson and
+Elizabeth his wife, William Parker (Solicitor), Mary Ball and Rebecca
+Brown.  The Rev. John Pain was duly ordained to the ministry on May 10,
+those officiating on the occasion being the Rev. W. Harris, LL.D.,
+Theological Tutor of the Hoxton Academy, the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln,
+and Rev. J. Gilbert of Hull.  In July of that year three members were
+added to the church, in 1823 eight more were enrolled, in 1824 three
+more, and in 1825 six joined.
+
+During this year a vestry was built at the back of the chapel; in May of
+the same year a Sunday School was commenced, which at the end of the year
+numbered 60 scholars; and the congregation gradually grew, year by year,
+until Mr. Pain died in 1844 (April 11).  He was much beloved, and had
+brought into the fold about 150 members.  He was interred in the chapel
+yard, a large stone on the west side marking his grave, while a tablet on
+the south wall, at the east end of the interior of the chapel bears this
+inscription, "Sacred to the memory of the Rev. John Pain, who was
+ordained Pastor over this church and congregation, Anno Domini 1821.  As
+a minister he was talented, zealous and useful, his chief desire being to
+bring men unto God.  As a man he was amiable and affectionate, his
+private life bearing testimony to the truth of those counsels he publicly
+taught.  He departed this life April 11th, 1844, aged 44 years."  The
+inscription on the tombstone is a long one, in verse, to which is added
+an epitaph to "Esther, Relict of the above," who "died in London, Feb. 1,
+1868, aged 64.  With Christ."
+
+Of all the ministers of this chapel Mr. Pain was probably the most
+valued, and his memory is still cherished.  We may add that he was born
+in Gloucester, a descendant, on his mother's side, of the old and
+honourable family of the D'Oyleys, whose seat is at Adderbury,
+Oxfordshire.  His father was many years Pastor of the Independent Church
+of Forest Green, Gloucestershire, his mother being daughter of a Church
+of England clergyman.  An engraving of him is still preserved, framed, in
+the vestry of the chapel.
+
+Mr. Pain was succeeded in the ministry of the chapel by the Rev. J.
+Kelsey in 1844; he died in Adelaide, South Australia; and from 1845 to
+1848 the Rev. W C. Fisher held the post.  The Rev. Samuel Gladstone
+succeeded him, and officiated from 1848 to 1853.  He afterwards went to
+Sleaford.
+
+The Rev. J. G. Roberts was Minister from 1853 to 1856.  He married a
+daughter of the late Mr. T. Meredith; there being a tablet to the memory
+of the latter, on the west side of the south wall of the chapel, with
+this inscription, "In affectionate remembrance of Mr. Thomas Meredith,
+who departed this life July 30, 1858, aged 66 years.  As for me I will
+behold Thy face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied when I awake with
+thy likeness."
+
+The Rev. Thomas Betty succeeded in 1857, and held office till 1863, when
+his health broke down; his last entry in the books was written on Feb.
+19, 1863, "God bless them all, church and congregation, Amen."  He
+returned and died at Knottingley, March 26, 1865.  During his ministry a
+debt of 75 pounds on the chapel was paid off, and in 1859 a minister's
+house was purchased for 250 pounds, and some 30 pounds spent in repairs,
+the money being raised by a bazaar.
+
+The Rev. Thomas Lord followed in 1863, and ministered till 1866.  He
+succeeded in paying off the debt on the British School, and on leaving
+the town was presented with a handsome timepiece by the Committee of the
+School.  He had as a youth attended the chapel of Dr. Doddridge (already
+named) in Northampton, but left there in 1834.  His first pastorate had
+been at Wollaston, from 1834 to 1845; then removing to Brigstock, where
+he ministered from 1845 until his transfer to Horncastle in 1863. {82}
+
+He was succeeded by the Rev. J. E. Whitehead, from 1867 to 1871.  During
+his ministry several improvements were effected in the interior of the
+chapel, including the erection of a commodious platform; oak furniture
+and elegant fittings being added, and the seats of the choir re-arranged.
+
+The Rev. W. Rose followed from 1872 to 1878.  He had been stationed at
+Portsea, but visited Horncastle in July, 1872, to preach for Home
+Missions, and was afterwards invited to undertake the ministry here.
+Being a native of Boston, and having resided for some time in Spilsby, he
+was glad to return to his native county, and commenced his ministry in
+January, 1873.  During his pastorate the old seats in the body of the
+chapel were removed, and modern open benches substituted.  In 1874 a plot
+of land was offered by the late Mr. W. A. Rayson for new school premises.
+Mr. Rose and the late Mr. J. E. Ward, as Treasurer and Secretary, took up
+the matter, and the present schools were erected on the south of the
+chapel.  On the ground floor is a spacious room, 39-ft. long by 24-ft.
+wide; there is a vestry for the minister, an infant classroom, and a
+kitchen with convenient arrangements for tea meetings; above are six
+large classrooms for boys and girls.  These were opened April 29, 1875;
+among the contributors being Mr. Samuel Morley of London, at one time
+President of the Society, and Sir Titus Salt, who both, with Mr. W. A.
+Rayson, gave 50 pounds each.
+
+After Mr. Rose's retirement both he and Mrs. Rose still continued to take
+a kindly interest in matters connected with the chapel.  She was a member
+of a highly respectable family in the neighbourhood, being a daughter of
+Mr. Searby of Wainfleet.  Her health, however, was latterly precarious,
+and she died May 16, 1879, her husband dying Dec. 10, in the same year.
+They were both interred at Spilsby.  Mr. Rose was highly esteemed among
+all denominations; was on cordial terms of intimacy with the Rev. Arthur
+Scrivenor, then Vicar of Horncastle; and, among other duties, he acted on
+a committee at Woodhall Spa, in connection with a Cottage Hospital for
+the poor, in which he took great interest, and which was carried on by
+the writer of these pages, then Vicar of Woodhall Spa.
+
+Mr. Rose was succeeded by the Rev. W. T. Poole, of Paulers' Pury,
+Northants; a former Scripture Reader at Reading, who ministered here from
+1878 to 1880, when he was transferred to Bracknall, Berks.  He was
+followed by a Nottingham student, the Rev. W. Archer, from 1881 to 1885.
+Then came the Rev. J. H. Dingle, of Ruskington, near Sleaford, from 1885
+to 1886, when he left for a charge at Patricroft, near Manchester.
+During his pastorate a very successful Bazaar was held in November, 1886,
+from the proceeds of which the manse was further improved, and the chapel
+again renovated, with decorations from the designs of Mr. C. H. Stevens.
+
+Then followed an interval of two years, during which the chapel was
+served by students of the college at Nottingham.  In 1888 the Rev. G.
+Luckett succeeded, coming from Long Sutton, and held office till Sept.,
+1893, when he was transferred to Curry Rivell, Somerset.  An interval
+here again occurred, during which Mr. J. T. Whitehead and other
+Nottingham students took the duties, Mr. Whitehead afterwards accepting a
+pastorate in Lancashire.
+
+In January, 1894, the Rev. Sidney Benjamin Dixon began his ministry,
+which he continued till December, 1897, when he was transferred to
+Tetsworth, Oxfordshire.  For more than a year Nottingham students again
+performed the duties; and in November, 1899, the Rev. John Pogson, B.D.,
+entered on his ministry, which he continued until 1905, when he was
+transferred to Whitworth, near Rochdale.  Early in 1907 (Feb. 13) the
+Rev. J. H. Dingle, who had held the office in 1886, was re-appointed,
+having served, as above, 12 years at Patricroft, and afterwards at
+Newmarket and Sheffield.
+
+There is one more tablet in the chapel, which we have not mentioned; it
+is on the west wall, "In affectionate remembrance of Jane, the beloved
+wife of William Wood, who died May 12, 1853, aged 48 years.  Precious in
+the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints."  Mr. Wood was a draper
+in the High Street, and a pillar of the church; he afterwards removed to
+Southampton, and died there.
+
+We have only to add that there are a considerable number of tombstones,
+with inscriptions, in the chapel yard, but burials ceased to take place
+there by Act of Parliament in 1855.  Marriages are here solemnized.  The
+Services are morning and evening on Sunday, with sermon in the evening of
+Thursday.  A Young People's Society of Christian Endeavour Meeting on
+Tuesday at 8 p.m.  A Ladies' Sewing Meeting on the first Wednesday of
+every month, and choir practice on Friday evening at 8, there being a
+good American organ.
+
+For the above details I am largely indebted to the notes "On the Wong,"
+of the late Mr. W. Pacey, supplemented by the _History of England_, in
+seven volumes, of the Rev. H. Walter, B.D., F.R.S., Professor in the East
+India College, Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland, &c., &c.
+
+
+
+THE BAPTIST CHAPEL.
+
+
+This is the oldest nonconformist building in Horncastle.  It is generally
+supposed that there was a still earlier chapel, situated near what is
+called the Bow Bridge, which spans the southern branch of the canal,
+between Cagthorpe and St. Mary's Square, but we have no definite proof of
+this beyond a vague tradition.
+
+The Baptist community date their origin from the time of the
+Commonwealth.  The earliest person of note connected with this religious
+body being John Bunyon, author of _The Pilgrim's Progress_, {84a} who
+espoused the cause of the Parliament against Charles I.  He first
+preached in Bedford, where he was a tinker by trade, in the year 1655,
+visiting various other parts of the country in succeeding years, until he
+died, August 31st, 1688, and was buried in Bunhill Fields.
+
+An old document shows that at a meeting held at Bedford, in the spring of
+1655, over which he presided, it was decided to send one of the members,
+"Mr. Brown to Horncastle, in Lincolnshire, to a few persons of the
+belief, seeking help to guide them in forming a society."  Before the
+"Toleration Act" was passed in 1689, nonconformist places of worship were
+not allowed to exist within five miles of a market town. {84b}  In
+Asterby, about six miles from Horncastle, there is a Baptist chapel,
+locally reputed {84c} to be the oldest in the kingdom.  At Coningsby is a
+Baptist Chapel, with a school, dating from nearly the same period, with
+an endowment of 26 acres of land.  The Baptists of Horncastle mostly, in
+those days, worshipped at Asterby.  At Donington-on-Bain there is also a
+very ancient chapel, where the Baptists of Louth worshipped.  The two
+chapels of Asterby and Donington have a joint endowment of 20 pounds a
+year, and are now affiliated to Northgate Chapel in Louth.
+
+The Foundation Deed of the Chapel in Horncastle is dated Sept. 19, 1767;
+and the names of the founders are given as William Bromley, Vicars Keal,
+Hamlet Dabney, William Taylor, William Storr, William Dawson, Thos.
+Hollingshed, Charles Bonner, George Gunnis, James Coates, John Blow, and
+William Tenant.
+
+The Chapel was originally a structure of one story, having its entrance
+in the centre of the north wall, and the pulpit opposite.  Until the
+early part of the 19th century it had no baptistry, immersion being
+performed in the water-mill pit, {84d} in the north of the town.
+
+Considerable structural alterations were made in the year 1843, when the
+walls were heightened and upper windows inserted; a gallery was erected
+at the east end; the north door was bricked up, and the present entrance
+at the east end opened; the pulpit being removed to the west end, facing
+the door.  A further enlargement was made by a small vestry on the west
+being added, thus providing sitting accommodation for 250 worshippers.
+
+On the north side of the building is a graveyard, but only three
+inscriptions are legible, they are "Mary Markwell, died March 28th, 1776,
+aged 29.  Prepare to meet thy God."  This was, doubtless, one of the
+earliest interments.  The second is "In memory of Thomas Lamb, who
+departed this life June 7th, 1811, aged 82.
+
+    Here rests that lately animated clod,
+    Who self despised, and glorified his God;
+    And when that great decisive day shall come,
+    He'll rise triumphant from the silent tomb.
+
+Also of Frances, his wife, who departed this life April 2nd, 1810, aged
+79.  He was a watchmaker.  The third is as follows: "Sacred to the memory
+of Eliza, daughter of William Parker, Solicitor, and Elizabeth, his wife,
+who died 1st April, 1835, aged 20 years.  Them that sleep in Jesus will
+God bring with Him."  Mr. Parker occupied part of the premises now
+forming the shop and residence of Mr. Bryant, shoemaker, in the High
+Street.
+
+There is little doubt that the house adjoining the chapel, on the north
+west, was once the minister's residence.  On the stairs leading to the
+present rostrum there is still a doorway, which evidently led to the
+house.  There is a stone tablet over this door, and in 1892 an exact copy
+of this was made, and placed on the north wall.  The inscription reads
+"John Hill, departed this life Oct. 16th, 1779, aged 48, Pastor of this
+Church 13 years."
+
+There are some tablets on the wall within, but the Rev. F. Samuels, who
+was Pastor when the Chapel was renovated, about 1882, unfortunately
+allowed the inscriptions to be obliterated.
+
+It is interesting to know that the Mint Lane Baptist Chapel, at Lincoln,
+was founded in 1767, by worshippers at Horncastle. {85a}  Curiously it
+was not till 1892 that the Horncastle Chapel was "registered" as a place
+of worship, the omission being only then discovered, when application was
+made for a licence to solemnize marriages.
+
+In 1893 the Chapel was thoroughly restored, at a cost of 80 pounds; the
+interior being modernised, the walls painted, the old high pews removed
+and replaced by neat seats, the old box-shaped pulpit taken down, and a
+rostrum and platform erected.  There is a good organ, with special seats
+for the choir.
+
+We may add that the Baptists are now a very numerous and influential
+body.  At the Baptist World Conference, held at Exeter Hall, London, July
+10 and following days, 1905, the first ever held as an united community,
+Dr. Maclaren of Manchester presiding, a message was received from the
+King and Queen, thanking for a loyal address from the Conference.  The
+President also stated that he had informally received a greeting of good
+will from the Established Church, as well as from the Free Churches.
+
+On that occasion ministers and delegates attended from various parts of
+Great Britain and the Colonies, from America, France, and other
+countries.  A meeting was held under "The Reformer's Tree," in Hyde Park,
+Miss Burroughs, a coloured lady, being on the platform, also Mr. Britto,
+a coloured vocalist, and the singing being led by a coloured choir.  The
+President, Dr. Clifford of London, stated that there were present 4,000
+delegates, from all parts of the world, representing some seven millions
+of Baptists, {85b} and 5,700,000 communicants; but besides these there
+are 14 or 15 millions of "adherents" to the cause, so that the whole body
+numbers over 20 millions.
+
+The Rev. W. E. Pearson was appointed August, 1905, but left in Feb.,
+1907, to pursue his studies at college.
+
+
+
+THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.
+
+
+The Croft Street Chapel, or New Jerusalem Church, is both structurally
+and intellectually, the most recent developement of Nonconformity in
+Horncastle.  The founder of this community was a personality so
+remarkable that it may be well here to give a brief sketch of him.
+
+Emanuel Swedenborg, son of a Lutheran bishop, was born at Stockholm, in
+1689.  During more than the first half of his life he was distinguished
+as a hard worker in the field of science, and from his many clever
+inventions, and valuable public services, he was ennobled by his
+sovereign.  But in the year 1743, after a serious illness, accompanied by
+brain fever, the result of excessive mental labour, he threw up all work
+of this kind, declaring that he had received a "call" from the Lord, who
+manifested Himself to him, by personal appearance, and commissioned him
+to devote further life and strength to holier purposes.
+
+Being a man of strong will, albeit, not improbably, with a touch (as was
+thought by several) of mental aberration, the result of his illness, he
+threw himself, with characteristic energy, into the work of religious
+proselytism, in support of the special views with which he was now
+inspired.  He became a kind of religious clairvoyant, living an ecstatic
+existence in communion with angels and spirits.  He printed accounts of
+various "Arcana," as he termed them; visions granted to him of heaven and
+hell; the state after death, the true worship of God, the inner spiritual
+sense of the scriptures; and so forth.  He held spiritual intercourse
+with the dwellers in other planets, conversing with Apostles, with
+Luther, Calvin, Melancthon, &c.  "Things hidden since the days of Job (he
+declared) were revealed to himself."
+
+Followers gradually gathered round him, inspired by his own enthusiasm.
+He visited England frequently; and before his death, in London, A.D.
+1772, he had established congregations in England, Ireland, Wales,
+France, Holland, Sweden, Russia, and even in Turkey and America.  It is
+said that several Anglican clergy adopted his views, though still
+retaining charges in their own church.
+
+The special tenets of the sect, which he founded, seem to have been,
+that, while believing in one God, they held that He was the Christ; that
+Christ always existed in human form, but not in human soul; and that in
+His Person there was a real Trinity; that the bible was to be understood
+in a spiritual sense, which was first revealed to Swedenborg.  Their
+ritual, which was based on that of the Anglican Church, included a
+splendid priesthood and an elaborate ceremonial.
+
+Swedenborg's very numerous writings included a number of mystic works,
+especially connected with what he called the "Spiritual Influx," which
+was not limited to locality but pervaded everywhere.  Translations of all
+his works have been issued by the Swedenborg Society, located at No. 1,
+Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C., and at Horncastle they may be borrowed
+from the New Church Free Library in Croft Street.  The Horncastle branch
+has also its own monthly magazine, _The New Church Advocate_.
+
+The following is a brief account of the Society's origin and progress, in
+Horncastle, from particulars furnished to the present writer, by the
+esteemed minister, Rev. R. Mayes, in 1903 (the second year of his
+ministry), and by Mr. Edwin Townell, who has been secretary for a quarter
+of a century.  The Society was inaugurated on August 9, 1869, when
+Messrs. Bogg, Moore, Hall, Cook, Austin, and Bellamy, met at the house of
+Mr. E. J. Moore, 19, Queen Street; Mr. Moore being appointed Secretary
+and Treasurer, Mr. Bogg and Mr. Hall Trustees, and Mr. Bogg nominated as
+first Leader.  Mr. Cook offered the use of a room in his house, rent
+free, and the first service was held on the following day, Sunday, the
+10th of the same month.
+
+As Mr. Bogg resided at Benniworth, nine miles from Horncastle, he could
+not undertake a service every Sunday; and, at first there was only an
+evening meeting, weather permitting.
+
+                   [Picture: The New Jerusalem Church]
+
+There was a good deal of opposition for a time, especially from the
+Congregationalists, under their minister, Mr. J. E. Whitehead; this,
+however, served rather to increase the general interest in the new
+movement, and the evening congregations grew in numbers.  The first tea
+meeting (which ultimately became an established monthly institution) was
+held March 14, 1870, in a room in the alley named "Tinker's Entry," there
+being then 14 members on the roll; when addresses were given by Mr. J. S.
+Bogg, Chairman; and by Messrs. Cook, Moore, T. Wemyss Bogg, and others.
+
+In May of the same year Mr. Richard Gunton, of the Lincolnshire New
+Church Association, visited them, followed by Rev. John Hyde in October,
+Mr. Gunton coming again in December of the same year.  We may here
+observe that this connection with Mr. Richard Gunton became, as will be
+hereafter shewn, a most valuable asset in the Society's favour, in more
+ways than one.  He took up his residence in London, first in Oseney
+Crescent, Camden Road, N.W., and afterwards in Tufnell Park Road, N., but
+he never lost his interest in the Horncastle branch; visiting the town
+year after year, to preach or give lectures, in the Corn Exchange, on
+behalf of the Society.  His last visit was in October, 1896; his death
+occurring on the 5th of the December following, after (as was fitly
+stated) "40 years of faithful service as Superintendent Missionary," as
+well as having been Treasurer of the New Church Conference.
+
+In 1871 Mr. Moore left Horncastle, the room in Tinker's Entry was given
+up, and the meetings were held in the house of Mr. W. Hall, where a
+library was also opened for the members.  Subsequently, with a view to
+the erection of a suitable place of worship, Mr. Hall bought a piece of
+land in Croft Street and presented it to the Society, the project being
+also warmly supported by Mr. R. Gunton.  A subscription list was opened,
+plans and estimates obtained, and the foundation stone of a fabric was
+laid, Sep. 16, 1872.  The appeal for support concluded with these words:
+"This will be the first house of worship constructed in the County of
+Lincoln, for the worship of the Lord Jesus Christ as the only God."  This
+was signed by W. Hall, Treasurer, and Edwin Dawson, Secretary.
+
+The Chapel was opened Jan. 29, 1873, being dedicated by the Rev. Dr.
+Bayley, Minister of the Chapel in Argyle Square, London; who had given a
+series of lectures in aid of the Society four years before (November,
+1869) in the Corn Exchange; and, after the dedication, he again gave
+addresses, which were continued by Revs. P. Ramage, R. Storry, C. H.
+Wilkins, Mr. R. Gunton, and others, usually morning and evening.
+
+We will now describe the Croft Street fabric, opened under these
+favourable auspices.  It consists of a square oblong, standing north and
+south, 40-ft. by 20-ft.; the architect was Mr. Gosling of London, the
+builder Mr. Chas. Blyton of Horncastle, the material being red and white
+brick.  There is accommodation for 150 persons; the cost of the structure
+was 350 pounds.  The fittings, which had formerly belonged to a chapel in
+Cross Street, Hatton Gardens, London, were presented by Mr. William
+Pickstone.  At the south end there is an apsidal recess with three lancet
+windows, the central one having coloured glass, with the figure of the
+Good Shepherd and an inscription at the bottom stating that it was
+"Presented by J. W Fishleigh and Fanny his wife, in memoriam, Feb.,
+1901," being in memory of their only daughter, who died in London, the
+mother having been brought up in this connection.
+
+Within this apse there is a platform, with polished oak rail in front,
+resting on carved pillars.  On this is a Reading Desk and Communion
+Table.  The carpet and communion cushion were presented by the late Mr.
+T. Tapling, carpet manufacturer, of London, who was a native of
+Lincolnshire.  In the centre of the apse is a carved oak chair, having
+the monogram I.H.S., which was given by Mr. C. Blyton.  In front,
+standing on the Chapel floor, is a harmonium by Alexandre & Sons, of
+Paris; it is a fine instrument, having four sets of vibrators and 14
+stops.  It was obtained partly at the cost of the congregation, and
+partly by a donation of the late Mr. John Jobson, from Mr. Thomas Gunton
+(son of Mr. Richard Gunton of London), who resided at Bunnyfield House,
+Hatfield Park, and was for many years private secretary to the late
+Marquis of Salisbury.  The instrument originally cost 84 pounds.  Mr.
+William Hall presided at this harmonium from the first.
+
+We have mentioned Dr. Bayley of London as the earliest preacher in the
+new chapel; there was no resident minister till 1902.  Mr. and Mrs. Hall
+entertained during the whole of the first year (1873) the preachers above
+named.  Others of note who followed were Mr. Layland of Nottingham,
+Leader of the Society in 1876; followed, 1877-8, by Mr. J. R. Boyle; to
+whom succeeded, 1878-9, Mr. W. A. Bates (afterwards of Brisbane,
+Queensland, Australia); Mr. W. J. Adcock, 1879-80; Mr. A. E. Beilby,
+1880-1; Mr. W. Hall, 1882; and Mr. William Robinson, October of that
+year.  At various dates the preachers were Rev. R. Storey of Heywood near
+Manchester, Rev. Mr. Wilkins of Nottingham, Mr. Skelton of London, Mr.
+Pulsford of Leicester, Mr. Cameron of Edinburgh, Mr. Fairweather of
+London, Mr. Ashby of Derby, Mr. Best of Hull, Rev. T. Prestland of
+London, Rev. Joseph Deans in 1899, and Rev. J. R. Rendell, President of
+the Conference; Rev. Lewis A. Slight of Northampton, 1900; Rev. J. T.
+Freeth of Bolton, President, 1901.  From time to time preachers were sent
+by the New Church Conference, and later by the East Midland and
+Lincolnshire Association.
+
+Three marriages were solemnized in the Chapel by Rev. L. A. Slight, viz.,
+that of Miss Townell and Mr W. Chapman of Oundle, Dec. 11, 1900; Miss
+Elizabeth Hall and Mr. Edwin White, both of Horncastle, May 21, 1901; and
+Miss Florence Smith to Mr. Alfred Storton of London, July 9, 1901.
+
+The Rev. Richard Mayes, the first resident Minister, came from Leicester,
+first preached here Feb. 23, 1902, and entered on his ministry in October
+of that year.  Other preachers during that interval were Mr. Fairweather
+of Loughborough, Mr. L. A. Slight, Mr. Layland, Mr. W. Hall and Mr. H.
+Deans.
+
+A Sunday School was opened with the Chapel in 1873; this was, at a later
+date, temporarily closed, but re-opened by Mr. Mayes.  Under him, ably
+supported as he is by members the Townell and Blyth families, and others,
+the services, which are short, bright, and musical, are being attended by
+increasing numbers.  Mr. Edwin Townell is still Secretary, as he was in
+1880; and with Mr. Mayes' ministry Mr. H. Freeman succeeded Mr. W. Hall
+as Treasurer.
+
+
+
+THE REV. THOMAS LORD.
+
+
+The subject of this notice, no longer holding a ministerial charge, is by
+many years the doyen among Nonconformist preachers in Horncastle, being
+the oldest Congregational Minister in England.  He completed his
+hundredth year on April 22, 1908; on which occasion he received a
+congratulatory telegram from His Majesty the King; while a public fund
+was instituted for a presentation to be made to him in recognition of the
+occasion, which he desired to be given in his name to the local
+Institution of Nurses.
+
+Mr. Lord was born at Olney, Bucks., in 1808; and began his ministry in
+1834, as pastor of a chapel at Wollaston, Northants, which he held for
+eleven years; thence removing to Brigstock, in the same county, where he
+laboured during 17 years.  He subsequently held pastorates in Horncastle,
+Deddington (Co. Oxford), and Great Bridge, Staffordshire.  He gave up
+permanent charge in 1878, continuing, however, to assist other ministers
+in that neighbourhood, until 1899, when, in consequence of failing
+eyesight, he removed once more to Horncastle, taking up his abode with
+his married daughter, Mrs. C. M. Hodgett, on the Wong (No. 7).
+
+Mr. Lord has been an active worker in the temperance cause during more
+than 70 years; a member of the Liberation Society since its formation; a
+warm advocate of the Peace Society, of the United Kingdom Alliance; the
+inaugural meeting of which he attended at Manchester.  He was one of the
+founders of the Congregational Total Abstinence Association; and has
+always been a warm supporter of the London Missionary Society.
+
+Mr. Lord still preaches occasionally in Horncastle.  He has officiated
+more than once recently in the Lincoln Mission Hall, and not unfrequently
+occupies the pulpit at the Presbyterian Chapel, Kirkstead, to assist the
+local minister, Rev. Robert Holden, who is his junior by some 16 years.
+On Sunday, May 31, 1908, Mr. Lord preached at Alford, in the
+Congregational Chapel; and on Sunday, June 7, 1908, at Boston, in the
+Chapel of the United Methodists.
+
+        [Picture: Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908]
+
+Notwithstanding his age Mr. Lord's voice is still clear, deep-toned, and
+resonant; his manner is full of vigor, his language simple, yet eloquent
+and earnest.  His step is firm and elastic.  In habit he is an early
+riser.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Having dealt with the places of worship in the town, we now proceed to
+give an account of its schools; and among these the Grammar School, from
+its antiquity, as well as for other reasons, claims precedence.
+
+This Institution, on its present foundation, dates from the reign of
+Elizabeth, {91} one of whose special characteristics was her warm
+interest in education, which led her to encourage her nobles, and more
+wealthy subjects, to promote the cause.  The Reformation had given an
+impetus towards emancipation from the ignorance which prevailed in Popish
+times, when the monasteries were almost the only centres of
+enlightenment--if so it could be called.
+
+Henry VIII. did little or nothing towards relighting the torch, which had
+been held up by the monks, whom he abolished.  His successor, Edward VI.,
+founded a few grammar schools; among them being, in our own
+neighbourhood, those at Spilsby, Louth, and Grantham.  During the brief
+reign of the Popish Mary, the movement was again checked; but Elizabeth,
+herself a cultivated scholar, rekindled the general interest in
+educational progress.
+
+The title deeds of the school are unfortunately lost, which would have
+shewn to what extent it was then endowed, but documents exist belonging
+to the school, which prove the conveyance of certain lands, by John Neale
+of Horncastle, in the 17th year of Elizabeth (A.D. 1575); he being one of
+the first 10 Governors appointed in accordance with the rules of the
+foundation.
+
+A useful little volume was published in 1894 by the late Dr. Robert
+Jalland, then Senior Governor of the school, containing its history, from
+the date of the Elizabethan foundation, gathered from various documents
+and minute books, preserved in the office of the Clerk of the Governors;
+from which we cull the following particulars:
+
+In the 13th year of her reign (1571), by Letters Patent dated at
+Westminster, June 25, Elizabeth granted to her "well-beloved and faithful
+counsellor, and subject, Edward Fynes, Knight of the most noble Order of
+the Garter, Lord Clinton and Saye, High Admiral of England," that, at his
+prayer, "a Grammar School should be established in the town of
+Horncastle, for the good education of boys and youths, living there, and
+about the neighbouring parts, habitants and comerants." {92a}  This was
+to be called "The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in the Town and
+Soke of Horncastle of the foundation of (the said) Edward, Lord Clynton,"
+&c., {92b} "to continue for ever."  It was to consist of "a Master and
+Sub-Master, or Usher," and the "lands, tenements, revenues, reversions,
+and other hereditaments, for the support of the school, were granted,
+assigned, and appointed," for their better management, "to 10 discreet
+and honest men, who (should) be styled Governors."
+
+The first Governors appointed were Clement Monk, clerk; John Smith,
+clerk; John Sackeverill, gent.; Thomas Litter, gent.; Geo. Hargrave,
+gent.; Thos. Raithbecke, yeoman; John Neale, yeoman; Thos. Hamerton,
+yeoman; Willm. Ward, yeoman; Willm. Harrison, yeoman.  They were
+constituted "a body corporate," having a "common seal, to hold, to manage
+the revenues of the school, and empowered to spend, and invest, the
+income at their discretion," to appoint the teachers, and successors in
+the governing body, as vacancies should, by death, occur.
+
+The property of the school, either from the original, or later, {92c}
+endowments, consists of lands, tenements, ground and quit rents, in
+Horncastle, or in the Wildmore Fen allotment of the same, land and
+tenement in Hemingby, lands in Winthorpe, Huttoft, Sutton, and in
+Thornton a payment of 12 pounds a year in lieu of former land, {92d} with
+certain moneys invested in Government Consols and Indian Stock.
+
+The rental of the school property has varied at various periods.  At the
+time of the civil war, when the neighbourhood was more or less in a state
+of anarchy, there is no record, for some years, of the Governors having
+even met to dispense payments; and the Head Master's salary was only 10
+pounds.  In 1735 it amounted to 42 pounds, and that of the Usher to 21
+pounds; but in 1753 there was a reduction to 30 pounds for the Head
+Master, and 15 pounds to the Usher, owing to money having to be "borrowed
+for the exigenceys of the school."  In 1786 the income of the school rose
+to 529 pounds; the highest point which it seems ever to have attained was
+877 pounds, in 1854.  In that year the Head Master's stipend is not
+specified, but two years later it was 235 pounds, with capitation fees
+amounting to 251 pounds odd.
+
+In 1780 the Head Master was the Rev. C. L'Oste; he was also Rector of
+Langton by Horncastle, and a good scholar.  He published a translation,
+in verse, of Grotius on _The Christian Religion_.  It was printed at the
+Cambridge University Press, dedicated to the Bishop of Lincoln, with a
+very distinguished list of subscribers. {93}  Differences arose between
+him and the Governors, and in Sept., 1782, he was served with a notice to
+quit, at the end of six months, for neglect of his duties.  He refused to
+give up office, counsel's opinion was taken by the Governors, Mr. L'Oste
+pleaded in his own defence.  The Governors gave notice of a trial at the
+assizes.  No result, however, is recorded, and Mr. L'Oste retained office
+until his death in 1818.
+
+                      [Picture: The Grammar School]
+
+The year 1854 marked the close of the career of the most remarkable Head
+Master who ever ruled the school.  The Rev. John Bainbridge Smith, D.D.,
+had entered on his duties April 10, 1818, succeeding Mr. L'Oste.  Coming
+to the post as an entirely unknown man, of comparatively humble origin,
+but of great energy, he soon acquired a leading position in the town and
+neighbourhood; becoming Rector of Martin, Rector of Sotby, and Vicar of
+Baumber.  He was the author of several standard works on Divinity.  Under
+him the school achieved such a reputation that, besides the day scholars,
+he had a large number of boarders coming from Scotland, Ireland,
+Devonshire, London, and even Jersey and France.  His end was
+unfortunately as remarkable as his career.  Returning by train from
+Lincoln he fell asleep, and being roused at Kirkstead by the porter
+giving the name of the station, and the night being dark, he did not
+perceive that the train was again in motion, and springing out of the
+carriage, he fell a few yards beyond the platform and broke his neck.
+The porter found him lying helpless, but alive, on the line.  He was
+carefully conveyed to his residence at Horncastle, and lingered alive
+several weeks, retaining his mental faculties, but having no sense of
+feeling below his neck.  At length he recovered slight feeling in his
+legs and feet, and probably tempted by this to make an effort to move, he
+was found one morning dead in his bed.
+
+The Duke of Newcastle, who owned property in Baumber (where, as we have
+said, Dr. Smith was Incumbent), appointed him his private chaplain; and
+the Doctor's youngest daughter, Sarah Katherine, married the Rev. Henry
+Fiennes Clinton, a near relative of the Duke, and a descendant of the
+founder of the school, Lord Clinton and Saye.
+
+The school building has not always occupied the site on which it now
+stands.  As shewn in Stukeley's plan of the town, printed in 1722, it
+stood in the north-east corner of the school yard.  In 1772 that
+structure was found to be in a ruinous condition, and the present
+building was erected, being opened for use at Midsummer 1778.  A
+classroom was added at the south end in 1855, and more recently another
+small room put up at the north end.  The residence of the Head Master was
+formerly a small low cottage, but it was considerably enlarged in the
+early part of the 19th century, and in 1858 a new wing was added at the
+north end.
+
+In 1847 two "Clinton" Exhibitions were founded by the Governors, of 50
+pounds a year, to be held for four years, by scholars going to the
+University.  For lack of such scholars this was granted to Clement Madely
+Smith, youngest son of Dr. Smith, the Head Master, who studied for the
+medical profession, in London.  No further appointment however was made,
+as in 1848 the Governors decided that they had no authority so to employ
+the funds at their disposal.
+
+On the death of Dr. Smith, in 1854, a new scheme of education, more
+suited to the requirements of the time, was drawn up by a committee
+appointed for that purpose, which received the sanction of the Charity
+Commissioners, and was approved by the Master of the Rolls in the same
+year.
+
+The attendance at the school, however, gradually fell off, until, in the
+year 1886, there were only 16 scholars; and further reforms were needed.
+Since then changes in the system have, from time to time, been
+introduced, to render the school more generally useful: the more recent
+being the admission of female pupils in 1903, for whom was appointed a
+resident lady teacher, Miss E. Gibson, who had matriculated, 1st class,
+at London University.
+
+Small Scholarships also, not exceeding six in number, were established
+for needy pupils; and application was made to the Lindsey County Council,
+for a grant of 80 pounds, in aid of scientific lectures, {94} under the
+Technical Instruction Act of Parliament; so that a general middle-class
+English education was provided, along with Latin, French, book-keeping,
+and other technical subjects; an examination being held annually by some
+one unconnected with the school, who should be approved of by the Charity
+Commissioners.  The school has thus, under the tenure of the Head
+Mastership by Dr. Madge, of late years, been considerably improved, and
+the area of the subjects taught, widened; assisted as he has been by the
+able Second Master, Mr. C. W. Gott, B.A., London, and Miss Gibson.  But
+it has also been increasingly recognised that there was room for still
+further development, if the institution was to take its proper position
+among the endowed educational establishments of the county.  This,
+however, is a subject to which we shall recur hereafter.
+
+In 1855 a school Library was commenced, the Governors granting 10 pounds
+for the purchase of books; 20 pounds being given in the following year,
+and this has been further enlarged in later years, until the books now
+number nearly 500.
+
+In March, 1893, a Magazine entitled _Banovallum_ was established, to be
+mainly carried on by the scholars, the Editor being J. G. Meanwell,
+Sub-Editor J. R. Cowburn.  It was a monthly record of school work and
+sports, with various other matters of interest.  It was intended also to
+be a link of connection between "old boys" and new; and with this view
+former pupils of the school were invited to contribute. {95a}  The
+outside support, however, of such a publication was not sufficient to
+render it a paying venture, and after an existence of rather more than
+two years, it expired with the July No. of 1895.
+
+Here we may fittingly introduce some personal reminiscences of the
+school, and those connected with it, in its palmiest days, under the
+regime of Dr. Smith, and first we may mention members of his own family.
+
+Although, as before stated, himself of humble origin, {95b} he married
+the daughter of a General Sandwith, a lady who was highly esteemed by all
+who knew her.  She bore him three sons and three daughters, and
+predeceased him.  His eldest son, Bainbridge, graduated at Cambridge
+University, took Holy Orders, was at one time English Chaplain at Smyrna,
+and succeeded his father in the Rectory of Sotby.  He married a daughter
+of Judge Haliburton of Nova Scotia, the author of _Sam Slick_, _The
+Watchmaker_ (1839) and other works, which were popular in their day.  The
+eldest daughter, Frances, married a member of a then well-known
+Horncastle family, the Rev. John Fawssett, a graduate of Cambridge, who
+afterwards became in turn Rector of Minting and Vicar of Baumber with
+Stourton.  A second son, Joseph Coltman, became a Solicitor in Hull, but
+died early in life.  A second daughter, Isabella, married the Rev. W.
+Affleck Peacock (named after his relative Sir Robert Affleck, of Dalham
+Hall, Newmarket), Rector of Ulceby near Alford.  The youngest daughter,
+as already stated, married the Rev. Henry Fiennes Clinton, Rector of
+Cromwell, near Newark, a near relative of the Duke of Newcastle, to whom
+he was appointed domestic Chaplain.  The third and youngest son, Clement
+Madely, so named after his godfather, the esteemed former Vicar of
+Horncastle, adopted the medical profession and went out to India, where
+he became known as a keen sportsman among big game; a group of two tigers
+shot by him, and stuffed by Ward the great taxidermist, being exhibited
+in the Crystal Palace several years ago.
+
+Of the scholars at the school, under Dr. Smith, we recall a few names, as
+samples of the class of pupils whom he received.  There were three
+Sandwiths, Humphrey, Godfrey, and Henry, who were his nephews on his
+wife's side.  Humphrey became a surgeon, and having a taste for foreign
+travel, went out to Constantinople to practice there.  Having good
+introductions he was kindly received by Sir Stratford Canning, the
+English Ambassador, and making the acquaintance of Layard, he was invited
+to travel with him to Mecca, Mosul, and Nineveh, at two of which places
+excavations were conducted; as Hakim, or Doctor, he was visited by crowds
+of Arabs, suffering from various ailments; and his quinine wrought
+wonderful cures among them.  When at home he sometimes surprised his
+friends by suddenly appearing among them dressed in Arab costume.  In
+1855 he was at the famous siege of Kars, under General Fenwick Williams;
+when a force of 15,000 English were shut in by an army of 50,000
+Russians.  The English had three months' provisions and three days'
+ammunition; they suffered greatly from cholera, and after five months
+surrendered, only when overcome by famine.  Humphrey wrote a history of
+the siege.
+
+Of Godfrey we remember little; Henry graduated at Cambridge, took Holy
+Orders and became Vicar of Thorpe Salvin, near Worksop.  There were three
+Inveraritys, Duncan, Henry, and William; the first of these went out to
+India, and became a Judge in the Supreme Sudder Court.  Henry devoted
+himself to yachting, and died early.  William held a commission in a
+Highland Regiment of foot.  Roseville Brackenbury, whose father, a former
+Peninsular officer, and member of an old Lincolnshire family, resided
+temporarily at Horncastle, in order to place his son under Dr. Smith,
+entered the East India Company's service, in the Bengal Presidency.
+
+There were three Buchanans, sons of an old Indian officer, Major
+Buchanan, a Scotchman, but residing in Maida Vale, London.  These were
+James, Alexander, and Robert.  James was a dashing, chivalrous,
+high-spirited fellow, who took service in a Madras regiment of cavalry;
+his brother "Alick" was of a different fibre, being chiefly remarkable
+for the amount of treacle tarts which he could consume, at the shop of
+the once well-known "Sally Dickinson;" the third brother, Robert, entered
+the navy.
+
+We may here mention, as evidence of the hard work which was done under
+Dr. Smith's system, a feat of memory performed by two brothers among the
+senior boys, Thomas and Alfred Cammack, which the present writer well
+remembers, as he was present as a small boy when it occurred.
+"Repetition," of one kind or another, was required of all boys; but these
+two repeated to the Master from memory, the whole of the first book of
+Milton's _Paradise Lost_ (798 lines), Thomas with only three promptings,
+and Alfred with five.  Another boy, Sidney Bousfield, did the same with
+nine or ten promptings.  Thomas Cammack walked his hospital in London,
+and eventually became a consulting physician of some eminence, residing
+at Boston; Alfred died early.  Sydney Bousfield went out to India, and
+died some years ago.
+
+Two pupils, Holland and Forge, who came to study with the Doctor, of more
+mature years than the ordinary scholars, were "crack shots," and welcomed
+at many of the shooting parties in the neighbourhood.  A third, Frank
+Richardson, who was an ardent fox hunter, had his horse brought to the
+door weekly, on the day when the meet was nearest, and was always among
+the foremost in the field.  He was, further, a great athlete, and would
+follow the hounds on foot, and not seldom be in at two deaths in the day,
+several miles apart; of him, it is related, that he leapt the school-yard
+wall, nearly 7-ft. high.  There were many more who were trained by the
+Doctor to serve their generation worthily in various capacities, but let
+these suffice as a sample of his influence.
+
+The Under Masters whose services he enlisted were, further, not unworthy
+of him.  We will name one or two.
+
+The first Under Master of whom the present writer has any knowledge was
+Thomas Myddelton.  He was by birth a gentleman, being connected with the
+very old family of the Myddelton Biddulphs of Chirk Castle, North Wales,
+who have now dropped the latter name, retaining only the Myddelton.
+Thomas Myddelton's father, John M. (then dead), had been Rector of
+Bucknall, in this neighbourhood, 1804-34; his grandfather, also named
+Thomas, having been Vicar of Melton Mowbray; he (John M.) having been an
+Exhibitioner of St. Paul's School, London, graduated B.A. at Sidney
+Sussex College, Cambridge, 1782, and gained a Fellowship.
+
+     [Picture: Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School]
+
+Thomas also graduated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.  While serving
+as Under Master at the Grammar School he was ordained to the Curacy of
+Bucknall, under his father's successor, the Rev. John Fendall.  On the
+occasion of his ordination he begged a whole holiday of Dr. Smith, and
+treated the whole school to a day at Tattershall Castle; hiring carriages
+to take them all, there being yet no railway; and he gave them a
+substantial meal at the "Fortescue Arms" Hotel.  He was naturally very
+popular with the boys of the school, although he was rather a strict
+disciplinarian, and made them work hard.  He was commemorated in the
+"Breaking up Song" of the school in the following lines:--
+
+    Mr. Myddelton now comes in,
+    With his nose above his chin; (two prominent features)
+    With pleasant smile he waves his cane,
+    As though to say, "I would fain refrain;
+    It grieves me sore to give a thwack
+    Upon the shrinking truant's back."
+
+                                   (CHORUS)
+
+    We're breaking up, and going away,
+       All for the sake of a holiday.
+    Jack's a dull boy without his play;
+       So, Hurrah, again, for a holiday!
+
+He remained at the Grammar School about two years, afterwards taking the
+Curacy of Langton with Wildsworth, near Gainsborough.  He presently moved
+to West Stockwith, holding the Curacy of Wildsworth with East Ferry.  He
+never held a benefice; but, having some private means, he continued to
+reside, in retirement, at West Stockwith, until his decease, about 1880.
+He was buried at Misterton, the adjoining parish, where he had also taken
+occasional duty.
+
+After Mr. Myddelton the next Under Master was William Hutchinson.  He was
+the son of the landlord of the principal inn in the neighbouring town of
+Wragby, and had been educated at the small grammar school there.  He was
+appointed about 1845.  He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, as B.A.,
+in 1848, keeping his terms there by permission, while acting as Usher at
+Horncastle.  In that year he left Horncastle, and was elected Master of
+Howden Grammar School in Yorkshire, where he was also appointed Curate in
+1848, being ordained Deacon in 1848 and Priest in 1849.  While at
+Horncastle he had married Miss Caroline Dixon, daughter of a corn
+merchant; there were five daughters, all clever, the youngest being Miss
+Annie Dixon, who became distinguished as a miniature painter, exhibiting
+in the Royal Academy, and becoming a favourite of the late Queen
+Victoria.  He held the Head Mastership at Howden for several years;
+holding also the Perpetual Curacy of Laxton near Howden from 1850 to
+1855, the Perpetual Curacy or Vicarage of Airmyn from 1855 to 1862, when
+he was appointed Vicar of Howden, which benefice he held till his death
+in 1903.
+
+It was somewhat remarkable that he began professional life in Horncastle,
+famed for its great horse fairs, and passed the rest of his life at
+Howden, also noted for its great horse fair.  His wife is buried, with
+two sisters, in the cemetery at Horncastle.
+
+The next Under Master to be mentioned about this period was Francis
+Grosvenor.  He was the son of a respectable tradesman in the town, and
+had been educated at the Grammar School.  At first he was employed by Dr.
+Smith as a supernumerary teacher of the junior boys, and became useful in
+the temporary absences of Mr. Hutchinson, at Dublin University.  He was a
+conscientious and dependable youth, thoughtful beyond his years, and was
+much valued by the Head Master, who was a shrewd judge of character.  He
+also graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, taking honours; and was
+ordained Deacon in 1847, and Priest in 1848.  He remained as Second
+Master for some years at the Grammar School, being much esteemed among
+neighbouring clergy for his unostentatious manners and general worth.  He
+frequently officiated in the Parish Church.  Eventually he went to
+Chester, as Curate of St. John's Church in that city, where he remained
+many years, taking pupils.  There was probably a talismanic attraction in
+the name of Grosvenor; Eaton Hall, the seat of Lord Grosvenor (now Duke
+of Westminster) being in the immediate vicinity.  He was consequently
+very successful in obtaining pupils; and made money, whereby he acquired
+considerable house property there and elsewhere.  He was devoted to
+archaeological pursuits, and published a learned paper (of 16 pp.) on
+"The early connection between the County Palatine of Chester and the
+Principality of Wales," which he read before the County Antiquarian
+Society. {99a}  After many years' residence in Chester, he retired on a
+competency to Epsom, in Surrey, where his mother, brother and sister
+resided with him; and where he acted as Chaplain to the Union, until his
+decease, about 1880.
+
+The last Assistant Master, under Dr. Smith, whom we may name was John
+Burton, born of humble parents in Peterborough.  He was appointed about
+1848, and served Dr. Smith faithfully about three years.  He was not,
+however, a strong man, either physically or mentally.  His weakness of
+character was shewn in an incident which might have had a tragic
+termination.  Having formed an attachment for a young lady, living near
+the schoolhouse, and being rejected, he declared that he would commit
+suicide; and he fired off a pistol under her window at night, taking
+care, however, not to wound himself.  On leaving the school he entered at
+Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated in 1853, dying soon afterwards.
+
+On the appointment of the Rev. Samuel Lodge, to the Head Mastership in
+1854, Thomas White, a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, became
+Under Master.  He had taken classical honours, and was an efficient
+teacher, and rather strict disciplinarian.  He was the first Under Master
+allowed to take private pupils as boarders.  He continued at his post six
+years, taking Holy Orders, and in 1860 was presented by the Bishop of
+Lincoln to the Vicarage of Scamblesby, which he held until his death in
+1891.
+
+It may be of interest if we here give some of the customs of the school
+at this period, as samples of a state of things which is now past and
+gone.  The morality of some of them might be questioned in these days of
+advanced ideas on civilization, but, under the guidance of a man of Dr.
+Smith's mental calibre, their effect was the rearing of a generation of
+manly youths, capable of much intellectual, as well as physical, activity
+and endurance.
+
+The Head Master was himself a remarkable instance of this.  Punctually at
+7.30, without fail, he was every morning in his desk at the school, to
+open proceedings with prayer, it being frequently a race between himself
+and his boarder pupils, as to who should arrive first, his residence
+being some quarter mile from the school.  When he closed the school, with
+"abire licet," {99b} in the afternoon, he as regularly went for his
+"constitutional" walk.  Furious indeed must be the weather if Dr. Smith
+was not to be seen on Langton Hill, summer and winter, rain or fair; if
+the former he would brave the elements, wrapt in a large blue cloth
+cloak, waterproof as his leather gaiters.  If the latter, he would often
+saunter slowly, rapt in meditation, or composing verses, an occupation of
+which he was very fond, leaving behind him at his death several vols. of
+MS. poetry. {99c}
+
+The school hours were from 7.30 to 9, before breakfast; 10 to 12.30
+midday; afternoon 3 to 5; while the boarders at his own house worked with
+the Assistant Master from 7 to 9; the day boys, in the town, preparing
+exercises and repetition for the next morning, at their own homes.  It
+was an amusement, for some of the more active, to get up some quarter of
+an hour earlier than the others, and hurry down to St. Mary's Church, to
+help old Dawson, the sexton, to ring the Grammar School bell. {100a}  As
+the Doctor was very active in his movements, any boarders who were late
+in starting, could only reach the school in time, by running across the
+fields between the two branches of the canal, called "The Holms."  Woe
+betide those who were late!
+
+From the Doctor's energy of character it would be expected that he would
+encourage active healthy recreations.  The days of cricket were not yet,
+{100b} although "single wicket" was sometimes practiced.  Nor was
+football popular, as it is now.  The game was indeed played, but we had,
+in those days, no Rugby rules, and the ball was composed of a common
+bladder, with a leather cover made by the shoemaker.  In the school yard
+the chief game was "Prisoner's Base," generally played by boarders
+against day boys; in this swiftness of foot was specially valuable.
+There was also a game named "Lasty," in which one boy was selected to
+stand at the upper end of the yard, while the rest gathered at the lower
+end.  After a short interval, the one boy darted forward towards the
+others, who all tried to avoid him; his object was to catch one of the
+other boys, and when he succeeded in this, the boy whom he caught took up
+the running to catch another, and this could go on for any length of
+time.  There was another exciting game called "Lug and a Bite."  In the
+fruit season a day boarder, from the country, frequently brought his
+pocket full of apples; he would throw an apple among the other boys, one
+of whom would catch it, and run away biting it; the others would chase
+him, and seize him by the lug (ear), when he would throw it away, and
+another would catch it, and continue the process, he being, in his turn,
+caught by the ear, and so on.  This afforded much amusement, and many
+apples would in this way be consumed.  There were large slabs of stone
+laid down in the yard, on which marbles were played with, and peg tops
+were spun.  Hockey, or shinty, as it was commonly called, was also a
+favourite game; but these amusements were chiefly confined to the sons of
+tradesmen in the town.
+
+Among the boarders archery was practised, and by some of them with a
+skill almost rivalling that of Locksley in Sir Walter Scott's novel of
+_Ivanhoe_.  A carpenter in the town made for us bows of lancewood, and
+arrows of poplar, tipped with spikes of iron.  With these we could not
+only split our "willow wand" at 80 yards distant, but the more skilful
+deemed an arrow hardly worth having until it had been baptized in the
+blood of blackbird or pigeon, and some of the neighbouring pigeon cotes
+suffered accordingly.  The writer was presented with a bow made of
+bamboo, and arrows said to be poisoned, which a great traveller, then
+residing in Horncastle, had brought from the South Sea Islands.  He lent
+these to a brother archer, who by mistake shot another boy in the calf of
+the leg.  Great alarm was the result, but the poison must have lost its
+power, for no evil consequences ensued, except that the wounded party
+almost frightened himself into a state of fever.
+
+          [Picture: Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907]
+
+These, however, were among the less hardy of our sports.  The good old
+Doctor's great aim was to get us healthily engaged in the country.  With
+this object he would say on a Monday morning to the bigger boys of the
+two highest classes, "Now, lads, if you will translate this book of
+Virgil, or Homer, or this Greek play, as quickly as you can, you shall
+have the rest of the week to spend as you like."  Put upon our mettle by
+such a challenge the work would be completed, by us perhaps on the
+Wednesday, and three days of varied enjoyment in country rambles would
+follow.  In these days, when bird-nesting is forbidden as being "cruelty
+to animals," it may horrify some of our readers to learn that the Doctor
+encouraged his pupils to collect eggs.  On our excursions in early summer
+every hedge was carefully examined for many miles round, the tallest
+trees were climbed, or, as it was then called "swarmed," in search of the
+eggs of hawk, carrion crow, woodpecker, &c.; those of the owl were found
+in the thick fir plantations, or those of the jackdaw in old ruins; the
+rarest specimens being presented to the Doctor himself, while commoner
+kinds were hung in festoons from the ceiling of our study at his
+residence.  The two chief holidays at this season were the Queen's
+Birthday, May 24th, and "Royal Oak Day," May 29th.  On these two days the
+boys were expected to decorate the school in the early hours of the
+morning; a _sine qua non_ being, that, on the Doctor's arrival at 7.30
+a.m., he should find his desk so filled with floral and arboreal
+adornments, that he could not enter it; whereat he would make the remark,
+repeated annually, "Well, boys! you have shut me out of my desk, so we
+must give up work for the day."  He also, on these occasions, often
+brought with him a daughter, and the two carefully looked into the
+decorated desk, when they were rewarded by finding the nest and eggs of a
+"feather-poke" (long-tailed tit), or some other rare bird, which he
+always took home and preserved in his study, as a trophy till the
+following year.  No questions were asked as to _how_ the decorations were
+obtained, but in practice the process was as follows.  On the day before,
+between school hours, certain of the younger boys were sent round the
+town to beg flowers, and then, later on, followed what, as we should have
+said, the present hypercritical generation would call, at the very least,
+"dishonest pilfering."  After retiring to rest, and when the final visit
+of the Assistant Master had been made to the dormitories, all became
+excitement; boots and caps had been carefully concealed under the beds.
+The elder boys were quickly re-clothed, booted and bonneted; and we crept
+down, by back stairs, to the kitchen, with the connivance of the cook and
+housekeeper; those good souls also providing some refreshment for us, to
+be taken either before we went out, or after we returned; and then,
+stealthily emerging by the back door, we separated into small companies
+of twos and threes; some re-visiting gardens in the town, and taking
+without permission further flowers; others going into the country;
+sometimes even taking a light cart from one yard and a pony or horse from
+another, and then visiting gardens or parks in the neighbourhood, and
+returning laden with branches of horse-chesnut flowers, pink may, &c.,
+which were quietly conveyed to the school; and by the appointed hour the
+work of decoration would be completed; and we, having returned to our
+dormitories, refreshed through the cook's kindness the inner man, and
+washed the outer, were ready to greet the good Doctor and his daughter on
+their arrival.  The only difference between the decorations on the 24th
+and 29th was, that on the latter day oak leaves and acorns were a
+distinguishing feature, some of the sprays having been gilded on the
+previous day for presentation to the young lady.
+
+There was another great day called the "Treasurer's holiday."  Once a
+year the one of the Governors, who held that office, was entitled to ask
+the Head Master to give us a whole holiday, which he was always pleased
+to grant.  The custom was for one of the senior boys to call upon, or
+write to, the Treasurer, usually after some period of extra hard
+scholastic work, asking him to exercise this privilege.  The way in which
+these holidays were spent varied.  Sometimes we had a "Paper Chase," or
+"Fox and Hounds."  One boy was sent out as fox, sometimes accompanied by
+another boy, both carrying in bags a supply of paper, torn into small
+shreds, which formed the scent.  In this sport the Doctor sometimes
+offered a reward of five shillings to the "fox" who should manage to
+elude his pursuers until he had reached the bank of the river Witham, a
+distance of about six miles, but increased to 10 or more miles by the
+different ruses practised to escape capture; a similar reward being
+offered to the "hound" who should effect his capture after a run of a
+stipulated number of miles.
+
+Sometimes we had a picnic to the Tower-on-the-Moor, going there on foot,
+through "the Wilderness," and other woods, and having our luncheon
+brought to the Tower in the carrier's cart, which passed daily on its way
+to Kirkstead wharf.  This was usually a bird-nesting excursion.  More
+than one of us accomplished the hazardous feat of climbing to the top of
+the tower, whence a fine view could be obtained, on a favourable day,
+across the Wash into Norfolk.  On one of these occasions we extended our
+ramble to Kirkstead wharf, some adventurous spirits took forcible
+possession of the ferry boat, and carried over women returning home, with
+their marketings, free of charge.  The owner of the boat was, however,
+compensated by our calling at his small hostel close by, and patronising
+his lemonade, bread and cheese.  Sometimes the excursion was to
+Tattershall Castle, and if this was in the winter we skated there in the
+morning, along the canal, returning on our "runners" by moonlight; the
+Doctor being himself a good skater, encouraged it in his boys.  On these
+occasions we sometimes amused ourselves on the return journey by firing
+pistols, to disturb the inhabitants of houses near the canal; when, if
+anyone put his head out of a bedroom window, some one of us would shout,
+"your money or your life;" the usual response being "Go along, ye
+bulldogs," the name by which we were commonly known throughout the
+country side.
+
+On one of these return journeys, while skating in single file, we
+approached the third lock, and the boy in front forgetting that there
+would be no ice for a few yards below the lock, because the water there
+was kept in agitation by the stream always falling from the lock,
+suddenly found himself floundering in an icy cold bath, while himself in
+a state of great heat.  The shock, and the fact that he was cumbered by
+his skates, made him almost helpless, and he would probably have been
+drowned, but that a fine fellow (I give his name, Edward Sharpe, for he
+has long ago put "off this mortal coil"), who was a great athlete,
+plunged in, skates and all, regardless of the risk, and like a
+Newfoundland dog, panting brought his friend to shore, with no worse
+effects than the drenching to both.  And here I may say that one of the
+accomplishments specially encouraged by the Doctor was that of swimming;
+the very youngest were taught to swim by the Under Master, in a small
+pool in the river Bain, called "Dead Man's Hole," about 100 yards from
+the first lock of the canal.  After gaining proficiency we bathed in the
+canal and lockpit itself.  The Doctor gave a reward of 5/- to any boy who
+could dive across the canal, the same sum when he could swim 100 yards on
+his back.
+
+On one occasion a bully, among the bigger boys, threw a timid little
+fellow into the lockpit when full, saying "Now, you'll learn to swim, or
+sink."  The little fellow did sink, rose to the surface, and sank again;
+and would certainly have been drowned, but a shout from other indignant
+youngsters, looking helplessly on, brought the same Edward Sharpe to the
+rescue (he was bathing below the lock, not aware of what was going on),
+and he at once plunged into the lock, dived to the bottom (18 or 20
+feet), and brought up the poor half-conscious boy, who would otherwise
+have perished.
+
+It may here be mentioned that the present writer once swam from the
+junction of the two branches of the canal (close to the present bathing
+place) to the first lock, then passed on and swam to the second, and so
+continuing, swam to the third lock, his clothes being carried by a school
+fellow who accompanied him; this being a distance of some two miles, for
+this the Doctor rewarded him with 10/- and a whole holiday.  He also, it
+may be added, as a reckless feat, when bathing, leapt stark naked across
+the first lock; a performance which the slightest slip might have made
+fatal.
+
+Many are the anecdotes which could be here told of our adventures; as of
+policemen or keepers eluded, or put off the scent, by various ruses, &c.,
+&c., on our various marauding expeditions, but I will mention only two
+more incidents.
+
+From the same feelings of jealousy, doubtless, which produce the "Town
+and Gown" antagonism at the University, there was much ill-feeling among
+the lower class of boys in the town towards ourselves, and free fights
+occasionally occurred between them and the hated "bull-dogs."  At dusk
+stones were thrown at us, which it was difficult to avoid in the then
+badly lighted streets.  Sudden sorties were made from alleys, to take us
+unawares, and send us sprawling on the coggles.  Especially in snowy
+weather we were assailed with snowballs on our way from school to the
+Doctor's house, and although we stood shoulder to shoulder and made a
+spirited resistance, it not uncommonly occurred that these missiles were
+(doubtless purposely) made to contain a piece of ice, or even a sharp
+flint.  In one of these skirmishes the writer himself was struck on the
+temple, his eye only just escaping, by a snowball, which a comrade picked
+up, on seeing that the wound was bleeding, and a fragment of glass was
+found inside it; this, surely, an extreme illustration of the principle
+that "all is lawful in war."
+
+One great event, of yearly re-occurrence, was our bonfire with fireworks,
+on the 5th of November.  Pocket money was hoarded up several weeks
+beforehand, to provide for the latter; some boys even made their own
+squibs and crackers, and these were considerably larger and more
+formidable than those which were bought.  The scene was usually a field
+on Langton Hill, which belonged to the school.  Subscriptions were raised
+to purchase 100 faggots, locally called "kids;" but here again our custom
+would, in strictness, have been condemned, for, in addition to the
+purchased fuel, for sometime beforehand, we had been searching the hedges
+around, armed with axes, and so had got together probably as much to
+which we had no right, as that which had been bought.  The bonfire was
+thus doubled in size, and made a blaze which, on the hill, would be seen
+for many a mile.  We had a whole holiday to give us time to pile up the
+heap; and in the evening parents and many other friends crowded to the
+field as spectators.  Sometimes a lighted balloon or two, of varied
+colours, would be sent up, which were watched by the bright eyes of
+sisters and cousins, until they were lost in the distance.
+
+At length the conflagration was reduced to smouldering ashes, and all
+retired; but on our way back to the school house there were often rough
+doings, between the town boys and bull-dogs; free vent was given to
+spite, and a broken or bruised head, or body, might be the result; but we
+made no complaint; as loyal subjects we had done our duty in protesting
+against all such underhand doings as "Gunpowder Plot;" and, after a
+hearty supper, given by our kind Head Master, we enjoyed the rest, well
+earned by the exertions and trials of the day.
+
+We have now said enough of the school, its institutions and customs,
+under a regime which has passed away, doubtless never to return; _tempora
+mutantur_.
+
+Of the modern school we may here say that it is now doing useful work,
+although with a different class of pupils to those above referred to; and
+in the near future, it is hoped, that further changes will give it a
+still higher position in educational work.  Under Dr. A. G. Madge, who
+retired and accepted church preferment in 1907, the school was made to
+meet the requirements of the Oxford and Cambridge local examinations, the
+London University Matriculation, and the South Kensington Science and Art
+Departments.
+
+In late years boys from the school have filled posts in various parts of
+the world with credit.  A considerable number have obtained clerkships in
+banks, or in the Civil Service; one boy, Richard Gordon Healey, passed
+7th among more than a hundred candidates for the General Post Office
+service, London, and is now in the excise service.  Another, Fairburn, is
+Assistant Inspector of Police at Singapore.  Another, Isle, is a Civil
+Engineer, and has taken the B.Sc. degree.  A summary of successes at the
+school, kindly supplied to the writer by Dr. Madge, shows that in the
+last seven years (1906) five boys have passed the London University
+Matriculation, 19 the Cambridge local examination, 34 the South
+Kensington examination, while four have qualified for the public Civil
+Service; a creditable result for a town of the size of Horncastle.
+
+                [Picture: The Seal of the Grammar School]
+
+A recent change has been the admission of pupil teachers to classes
+specially adapted to their requirements, and with this accession to the
+numbers receiving instruction, there are now more pupils in the school,
+male and female together, than at any period within the last 30 years.
+
+The latest changes, in the direction of progress, have been as follows: A
+new governing body has been created by the Board of Education, consisting
+of 13 members; the Lord of the Manor, the Honble. R. Stanhope, being _ex
+officio_ one of them; eight representative Governors holding office for
+three years; two being appointed by the Lindsey County Council, three
+(one of them a female) by the Urban Council, two by the Guardians, one by
+the Justices of the Peace at the Lindsey Quarter Sessions.  There are
+also four co-optative Governors (among them one female at least),
+appointed by the Governors for five years.  It is further ordered that
+the Head Master need not be in Holy Orders; under which rule has been
+appointed the present Head Master, Mr. Arthur N. Worman, B.A., London,
+late Assistant Master at King Edward VII. Grammar School, King's Lynn,
+who was selected by the Governors from 150 candidates for the post.
+
+
+
+Addendum I.
+
+
+It will have been observed that we have so far adopted the prevalent
+nomenclature, and spoken of this school as an Elizabethan institution,
+founded in 1571.  It must now be added that, venerable as that date of
+origin would make it, it has a higher claim to our veneration still.
+_Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona_.  There were grammar schools before that
+date.  Edward VI. is said to have established several, in various parts
+of the country, and we have already named two such in our own
+neighbourhood, viz., those of Spilsby and Louth; but it is now known that
+even these were, strictly speaking, revivals of still other institutions.
+It is now known that not a few of the charities, or public institutions,
+supposed to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth, were really of older
+date, but revived, confirmed, or augmented, under her wise rule.  In a
+published account of the old grammar school of Giggleswick, Yorkshire,
+{106a} commonly reputed to be a foundation of Edward VI., is the
+following statement, "a large number of schools bear the name of Ed. VI.,
+who undoubtedly desired to strengthen the grammar school system.  His
+good intentions were, however, frustrated by the Commissioners; and very
+few of the so-called Edward VI. grammar schools had their origin in his
+reign, being older foundations with a new name." {106b}
+
+It seems certain that Horncastle Grammar School is an analogous case.
+Documents have recently been brought to light in the archives of the Dean
+and Chapter of Lincoln, which prove that, acting for the Chancellor (who
+was _ex officio_ "Magister Scholarum"), during a temporary vacancy of
+that office, they appointed Masters to the grammar schools of Boston,
+Partney, Horncastle, and elsewhere, in the year 1329; the Horncastle
+Master, so appointed, being one John of Beverley.  This mode of
+appointment being exceptional, was only to be valid for one year; but the
+Chancellorship continuing vacant, the Masters were confirmed in their
+positions by the Dean and Chapter, in the following year 1330, and again
+in 1331; and so on, in successive years. {106c}
+
+Now this mode of appointment being only in lieu of appointment by the
+Chancellor, while his office was in abeyance, it follows that these
+schools were in existence, as public institutions under the Chancellor,
+before the dates named.  Although, therefore, we are unable to fix the
+exact period of the school's existence, it may be satisfactory for
+Horncastrians to know that, in addition to the various interesting
+associations which we have already given as connected with the school,
+there is proof that before Shakespeare had composed one of his immortal
+plays, before Spenser had written a line of his _Faerie Queen_, before
+Bacon had even thought of his _Advancement of Learning_, there had
+existed a "seat of learning" in the small provincial town of Horncastle,
+which had then attained to the respectable age of more than two
+centuries.
+
+We have been accustomed to consider the foundation of William of Wykeham,
+at Winchester, in 1373, as one at least of our very oldest, but
+Horncastle Grammar School may even be of still earlier date than that.
+The oldest school of all is King's School, Canterbury, attributed to
+Archbishop Theodore, A.D. 670, but which may probably be traced to St.
+Augustine.  St. Peter's School, York, is the next oldest.
+
+
+
+Addendum II.
+
+
+The Governors of the Grammar School are about to erect, in this year,
+1908, new and more commodious premises for the school, in the grounds of
+what is now called "The Chestnuts," near the west end of West Street.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+WATSON'S FREE SCHOOL.
+
+
+Next in importance to the Grammar School, and prior to the existence of
+the two well appointed National Schools, Church and Wesleyan, possibly
+even of greater utility than at present, is Watson's Free Infant School;
+the founder of which placed it under the control of the Grammar School.
+
+The title deeds of this Institution are in the keeping of Mr. H. Tweed,
+Solicitor, who is Clerk to the Governors; and from these we gather the
+following particulars of its history.  Richard Watson in the latter half
+of the 18th century was a resident in, and a native of, Horncastle, being
+the son of James Watson, who had made money by tanning, at that time a
+staple business in the town.  Although engaged in trade he ranked with
+the resident gentry, his sister, Frances, marrying James Conington, Esq.,
+belonging to a family of good position, not only in the town, but in the
+county; members of which have also distinguished themselves at the
+Universities, the name still surviving.  She is referred to in an
+Indenture of date 22nd Sept., 25 George III. (1785), as "Frances
+Conington, of Boston, widow, formerly Frances Watson, spinster, surviving
+sister and heir of Richard Watson, late of Horncastle, gent., deceased,
+tanner, and his wife Elizabeth."  By her marriage she had a son Francis
+Conington, who as nephew of Richard Watson, was the sole executor of his
+will and testament.  The principal deed has the following external
+inscription: "Title deeds of the school, signed, sealed and delivered, by
+Benjamin Handley (afterwards called "of New Sleaford"), {108a} in the
+presence of Williom Swallow, {108b} supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of
+Horncastle."
+
+The following is the heading within, "Sealed and delivered by Frances
+Conington, being first duly stamped, in the presence of Caleb Preston,
+and Bowlin Kelsey of Boston."  This is further confirmed, as follows:
+"Sealed and delivered by Frances Conington, in the presence of William
+Swallow, supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of Horncastle."
+
+Then follows a "Release of lands in Lincolnshire to found a school (dated
+22nd Sept., 1785), inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, the
+8th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1786, being first duly stamped
+according to the tenor of the statutes made for that purpose."  (Signed)
+Thomas Brigstock.
+
+                       [Picture: The Market Place]
+
+The seals attached to this are those of Frances Conington, James
+Conington and Benjamin Handley.  There is a note in the margin that
+"James Conington came before me this day, and acknowledged this to be his
+deed, and prayed the same might be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
+of Chancery.  Robert Chapman, Master in Chancery."  Dated 6th March,
+1786.
+
+The actual terms of Richard Watson's will are these: "I am very desirous
+of establishing a small school within the town of Horncastle, wherein the
+children of such poor persons, as the Governors of the Grammar School
+shall think objects of charity, may be taught to read, knit, spin, and
+plain needlework, or sewing.  I do therefore hereby earnestly request,
+will, and direct, my nephew and executor, after my decease, by deed,
+conveyance (&c.), to convey, and assure, to the said Governors, and their
+successors, for ever, all the lands situate in Croft, and all those
+messuages, cottages, or tenements, within the yards and pingle adjoining,
+situate in Far Street (now called West Street), Horncastle; and also that
+part of now inclosed arable, meadow, and pasture ground, lying in
+Wigtoft, containing 6 acres, 28 perches, now in the occupation of my
+cousin, William Watson, with appurtenances, upon the Trusts following,
+viz.: (1) to keep the house (school) in good repair, and the residence
+(2) for the maintenance of a proper master or mistress, to be from time
+to time nominated by them, to teach such poor children, &c."
+
+It is then added that "the said Richard Watson dying on Sept. 30 (1784),
+the said Frances and James Conington, desirous to fulfil his bequest,
+agree to convey to the use of the said Governors, the said messuages,
+&c."  An Indenture is added, witnessing "that on payment by Benjamin
+Handley of ten shillings to Frances and James Conington, they have
+granted, sold, and released" the aforesaid property, and "appointed by
+these presents from the day next before the date of the Indenture, all
+the said messuages, &c., called by the name of the 'ffoal thing,' {110a}
+and that plot commonly called 'Backside,' the closes in Croft abutting on
+the highway, and lands near the old sea bank; and land called the 'bridge
+plot' in Wigtoft (6 acres), assigned to Richard Watson, by the award of
+the Commissioners appointed by Parliament, in the 12th year of His
+Majesty, for enclosing common and open fields (No. 40 in award map), with
+houses, barns, curtilages, and woods, to be held by the Governors of the
+Grammar School, the reversions, rents, &c., to the use of John Thorold
+(and the Governors), {110b} on trust, that the said Governors collect the
+rents, &c., and apply them as shall be required, from time to time, for
+poor children; and shall have power to erect a new school house, or
+alter, enlarge, &c., and to mortgage, &c., in order to provide suitable
+(premises), spinning wheels, &c., and to make rules for management, as
+shall to their judgment seem needed, agreeing with the said Benjamin
+Handley, and his heirs, &c., subject in all things to the Court of
+Chancery at Westminster."
+
+The present status of the school is as follows: The original premises are
+still in use, standing in a retired position, in "Watson's Yard," about
+50 yards from West Street; they consist of school buildings, play yard,
+and teacher's residence.  In 1835 the school was enlarged and repaired.
+In 1895 it was further improved by the removal of bedrooms above, when it
+was opened up to the roof; at the same time a commodious classroom was
+added at the east end.  Accommodation was thus provided for 120 children.
+The increase in scholars necessitated an increase in the teaching staff,
+and the Head Teacher, Mrs. Robert Marshall, who was appointed in 1885,
+has, since these alterations, been assisted by an Under Mistress and two
+Monitors.
+
+The scholars are of both sexes, and between the ages of three years and
+seven.  The school is conducted on Church of England principles, and
+examined by both Diocesan and Government Inspectors; a Government Grant
+being earned to supplement the funds of the Watson bequest.  The scholars
+are taught reading, writing and arithmetic, with the various kindergarten
+subjects.  The Secretary to the Charity, H. Tweed, Esq., Solicitor, of
+Horncastle, pays half the rents to the Lincoln County Council, for
+teachers' salaries, and retains the other half for repairs and incidental
+expenses.  All the other tenements in Watson's Yard are the property of
+the Charity.
+
+
+
+THE LANCASTERIAN & THE BELL SCHOOLS.
+
+
+Beside the endowed schools, already described, the Grammar School for the
+middle and upper class, and Watson's School for the children of the
+poorer classes; there were two other schools before the present National
+Schools came into existence, the history of which is of some interest.
+Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, says "a school, on the
+Lancasterian, or British system, was established at a public meeting,
+held in October, 1813; and, a few days later, a meeting was held at the
+church, when it was resolved to establish a school on the plan of Dr.
+Bell.  Both buildings were erected in 1814, supported by voluntary
+contributions, each for about 200 children." {111}
+
+This needs some explanation.  Dr. Andrew Bell was an East Indian
+Company's Chaplain, stationed at Fort St. George, Madras, in 1789.  He
+noticed, in the course of his duties, that in the native schools, beside
+the regular paid teachers, the more advanced pupils were also employed to
+instruct younger scholars; each pupil thus having a tutor, and each tutor
+a pupil; a system by which both were enabled to learn faster, and led to
+take more interest in their work, than would otherwise have been
+generally possible.  Being an enthusiast in educational matters, he
+resigned his chaplaincy, with its good stipend, to inaugurate, and
+himself carry on, a school for the children of Europeans in the
+Presidency, on the same principles.  The result was so satisfactory that
+on his return to England, in 1797, he published an account of what he
+called the "Madras, or Monitorial System," and endeavoured to introduce
+it in this country.  Little progress, however, was made for some time,
+beyond the establishment of a charity school, on these lines, at St.
+Botolph's, Aldgate, London, and a school at Kendal, Co. Cumberland.
+
+About the same date Joseph Lancaster, a young Quaker, set up a school for
+poor children, before he was 19 years of age, in a room lent to him by
+his father, in the Borough Road, Southwark, and in a very short time he
+had nearly 100 under his charge.  He also adopted the monitorial method,
+but, as a Quaker, omitting the Church teaching of the Bell schools.
+Persevering in the work, he was received in audience by the King, George
+III., who gave him encouragement.  He then travelled over the kingdom,
+giving lectures on the new mode of instruction; which in consequence
+spread with rapidity.  In 1798 he taught about 1,000 boys, between the
+ages of 5 and 12 years, his sisters teaching some 200 girls.
+
+Objections were made to the indefinite character of the religious
+teaching of a Quaker, by Professor Marsh, and others, and the Bell
+schools, with their Church instruction, had by the year 1818 become
+numerous.  The services of Dr. Bell himself, in the cause of education
+had been recognised, and rewarded by a Canonry of Westminster.  By the
+year 1828 upwards of 200,000 children were being taught on his system,
+and at his death, a few years later, he bequeathed 120,000 pounds to
+carry on the work which he had so much at heart. {112a}
+
+These two systems, the Lancasterian or unsectarian schools, and the Bell
+or church schools, continued to increase in number; there having been
+established in 1805 "The Royal Lancasterian Institution," otherwise
+called "The British and Foreign School Society," while the Bell system
+was represented by "The Church of England National School Society."
+
+The first Lancasterian or British School founded in Horncastle, in 1814,
+was located in premises adjoining the Wong, on the site afterwards
+occupied by the first Volunteer Drill Hall.  It was afterwards
+transferred to what is now called Dog-Kennel Yard, occupying a building
+which had previously been a theatre, and which was partly fitted up with
+sittings removed from St. Mary's Church, giving accommodation for 200
+children.  Neither in its internal structure, however, nor in its
+situation in an out-of-the-way back yard, was the former theatre well
+adapted for school purposes; and although the late Mr. Samuel Goe had in
+1869 bequeathed a legacy to the school, which rendered it almost
+independent of annual subscriptions, the establishment of a much more
+commodious school by the Wesleyans, in Foundry Street in 1860, affected
+it unfavourably, the number of scholars gradually decreased, and it was
+finally closed in 1876. {112b}
+
+The Bell, or Church School, also built in 1814, and accommodating about
+200 scholars of both sexes, formed the nucleus of the present Church
+National Schools.  These two schools, the Lancasterian or British, and
+the Bell or Church School, are the only public elementary schools, named
+in the _Gazetteers_ for many years, except the Watson Charity School,
+already described.
+
+Of the present Church National Schools, that for infants was erected in
+1860, that for boys in 1872, at a cost of about 1,000 pounds, the
+original building being now the girls' school; the whole affording
+accommodation for 300 children.  These were, a few years ago, taken over
+by the Lindsey County Council (in 1893), and are now under both Diocesan
+and Government Inspection. {112c}
+
+
+
+THE SCIENCE & ART SCHOOL.
+
+
+With the establishment of Technical Schools this country may be said to
+have entered on a new era, in national education, which, in its
+development, may lead to results, the importance of which can hardly yet
+be realized.  The possibilities are almost unlimited.  A wide-spread
+network has been created, which may bring even the humblest members of
+our artisan families within its deneficial meshes, while also working at
+intervals, as opportunities offer, in our remotest villages.
+
+This great movement, curiously, originated from dissension in Parliament,
+a remarkable illustration of the old adage, "'Tis an ill wind that blows
+no one any good."  In the year 1890 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in
+Lord Salisbury's ministry, {113a} introduced what was called "The Local
+Taxation (customs and excise) Bill," {113b} intended to empower County
+Councils to buy up the licences of superfluous public houses, and to
+compensate the publicans by grants of money.  The funds for this purpose
+were not to be a charge upon the local rates, but to be provided by an
+increase of the duty on spirituous liquors.  Strange to say, this measure
+was so persistently opposed by the temperance party, aided by others, who
+for the moment acted with them, that the proposed use of the money, thus
+raised, was at length abandoned, a considerable surplus, however, being
+thus at the Chancellor's disposal, after the reduction of several other
+taxes, the remainder was handed over to the County Councils, to be
+employed in the furtherance of technical education.  The money thus set
+apart was called "the ear-marked money," and the measure enacting it was,
+somewhat unworthily, termed "The Whiskey Bill."  Horncastle benefitted by
+a sum being placed to the credit of the local authorities for the
+establishment of a school of science and art; all such institutions in
+the county being under the general direction of the organizing secretary,
+Mr. S. Maudson Grant, residing in Lincoln.
+
+                       [Picture: St. Mary's Square]
+
+At first classes were held in the Masonic Hall, Bank Street; and in 1891
+an efficient teacher, Mr. Mallet, was engaged to give commercial
+instruction in arithmetic, shorthand, &c., {114a} and he was very
+successful in getting pupils.  In 1892 larger accommodation was required,
+and two rooms were rented, over what is now the Bicycle Depot of Mr.
+Sorfleet, at 14, East Street; and Mr. Switzer was engaged as teacher of
+science and art, at a salary of 100 pounds a year, being allowed further
+to augment his income by taking private pupils in certain other subjects.
+About the same time 100 pounds was spent on models, and other requisites;
+and by the close of 1892, Tetford, Wragby, and Woodhall Spa having been
+included in a general scheme for the district, it was found that the
+pupils attending the classes already numbered 219; of whom 76 were under
+Mr. Mallet's instruction, 101 under Mr. Switzer, including 39 school
+teachers in the neighbourhood, attending on Saturdays; while 42 received
+special instruction from a qualified teacher in dressmaking.  Operations
+were also, in the same year, extended to rural parishes, a meeting being
+held at Woodhall Spa, on Feb. 10, presided over by the Rev. T. Livesey,
+County Councillor, when a district embracing 20 parishes was formed; Mr.
+Livesey being _ex officio_ Chairman of Committees, Canon J. Clare Hudson,
+Vicar of Thornton, appointed as acting Chairman, and the Rev. J. Conway
+Walter, Rector of Langton, Hon. Secretary.
+
+This was followed by other meetings at Horncastle, at which, in due
+course, plans were matured for both town and country classes in various
+subjects.  On the death of Mr. T. Livesey, in 1894, Mr. Robert Searby, of
+Edlington, succeeded him as County Councillor, and took a great interest
+in the school; the late Mr. W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties Bank,
+was elected Chairman, and for several years he rendered most valuable
+service to the schools, being followed, on his decease in 1901, by Mr. R.
+W. Clitherow, Solicitor, who had previously acted as Treasurer.  So far
+the whole scheme had been attended by the most marked success in all
+departments.
+
+In the year 1894 the numbers of pupils, and of the subjects taught, had
+further increased; and it became necessary again to move into more
+commodious premises.  The large building in Queen Street, which had been
+erected by the late Mr. F. Stevens, of Gordon Villa, and was then
+occupied by Miss Morris, as a school for young ladies, was rented, having
+two large classrooms and a smaller one.
+
+Among the teachers who followed was Miss Annie Foster, who succeeded Mr.
+Switzer in July, 1895, and continued as head of the Institution for
+nearly six years.  She was a most enthusiastic and energetic worker, and
+under her the schools attained the highest point of success, both as
+regards the number of pupils attending and the variety of subjects
+taught.  The school at this time had attained to the highest degree of
+efficiency which it is ever likely to reach.  Not only had Horncastle
+pupils taken more prizes than those of any other technical school in the
+Parts of Lindsey, but on the visit of the Government Inspector, Mr.
+Minton, at the prize-giving in September, 1896, he stated that the school
+occupied the third place in all England. {114b}
+
+In the year 1899 again the Inspector, on his examination in October,
+reported its state as being "very satisfactory," and in that year grants
+were earned of 140 pounds from the County Council, 35 pounds from South
+Kensington Science and Art department, 50 pounds from the Whitehall
+department, 12 pounds from fees for science and art teaching, 10 pounds
+from the evening continuation classes, a total of 247 pounds.  Miss
+Foster was assisted by Miss M. E. Edgar.  A former pupil, Mr. C. H.
+Stevens, a native of Horncastle, was also appointed Assistant Master,
+until he was promoted to take charge of a technical school at Folkestone.
+Mr. A. Blades, of the London University, Junior Master of the Grammar
+School, was for a time an Assistant.  At the end of 1900 (Nov. 15) Miss
+Foster resigned, being promoted to the head teachership of the Camden
+School of Art, in London.  Miss M. E. Edgar, who had been assistant
+teacher for several years, was at this date appointed Head Teacher, in
+the Science and Art department, Mr. C. W. Gott, of the Grammar School,
+B.A. of London University, becoming Head Master of the evening
+continuation school, and Mr. H. J. Haddock teacher of shorthand.
+
+It would not be possible, nor is it desirable, here to go into full
+details as to all the work done; but as, in future years, it may be
+interesting to have some record of the progress in the earlier days of
+this Institution, and as the writer of these pages has been closely
+connected with the school, from its first inception, a summary of the
+more important particulars is here given.
+
+In the spring of the year 1896, a course of public lectures, illustrated
+by lantern views, was given by himself, descriptive of his own travels in
+Egypt, which were attended by full audiences of junior pupils, and many
+adults.  In 1897 he gave a similar series of lectures on his travels in
+Palestine, and these proving equally popular, a third supplementary
+course was given by him in 1898.
+
+In 1898 illustrated lectures were also given by the Rev. J. A. Penny,
+Vicar of Wispington, on "The Abbeys and Castles of England," and as being
+very instructive on the subject of architecture, these were largely
+attended.  They were followed by a course, which proved very interesting,
+given by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, the Treasurer, descriptive of a walking
+tour made by himself, among the scenery of the English lakes.  He also
+gave an instructive lecture on Canada.
+
+In the spring of 1898 the Head Teacher, Miss Foster, gave a series of
+lectures on "Physiography," being an account, the result of most careful
+study and practical investigation, of the various geological formations
+and fossils of the earth, illustrated by specimens largely of her own
+collecting. {115}  These were very instructive, and attended by a fairly
+numerous class of pupils.
+
+Other valuable courses of lectures were given during this early period of
+the school's existence.  In the autumn of 1896 Dr. R. McLay, of
+Horncastle, was engaged by the Committee to give lectures in the Masonic
+Hall, on "First Aid to the Injured," under the St. John's Ambulance
+regulations.  The pupils, numbering 25, were afterwards examined by Dr.
+G. M. Lowe, of Lincoln, when 23 of them passed as entitled to St. John's
+Ambulance Certificates.  So much interest was shewn in these lectures (to
+which policemen were specially invited), that it was resolved, in the
+following year (1897), that the services of Dr. McLay should be secured
+for a repetition of them, with increased remuneration.  They were again
+given in the autumn of that year (beginning Oct. 18), when 24 persons
+attended, of whom 16 presented themselves for examination, which was
+again held by Dr. Lowe, all of whom passed with credit, and gained
+ambulance certificates.  We give these particulars as shewing the value
+of the work done at this period.
+
+Similarly valuable instruction has been given in later years, but, with
+diminished funds available, and classes smaller, owing doubtless to the
+exhaustion in some degree of the stream of candidates for instruction,
+compared with its flush at the outset of the school's existence, fewer
+lectures on these extra subjects have been given; and instruction has
+been confined to more ordinary, but not less useful, work, in drawing,
+geometric and from models; modelling in clay, painting in water colours
+and oils, book-keeping, arithmetic, shorthand, French, and so forth.
+
+To show that the school has continued to do good work, we may state that
+on January 25, 1906, a meeting was held for the annual prize giving, when
+close upon 70 pupils, of both sexes (69), received rewards, several of
+them for success in four or five different subjects.  For the year 1905-6
+the school received a grant of 100 pounds from the County Council, 25
+pounds from the Horncastle Urban Council, and the fees of pupils paid
+about half the expenses.
+
+We now give a brief account of the more important of the work carried on
+during the same period in the country parishes.  In March, 1892, the
+first "pioneer" lecture was given at Woodhall Spa, on Horticulture, by
+Mr. Horace Huntly, lately in charge of the Duke of Bedford's gardens at
+Woburn Abbey, Beds.  This was well attended, and the instruction given
+was most useful, for the better cultivation of cottagers' gardens.  This
+was followed by a course of three lectures on the same subject, in March
+of the succeeding year.  In April of the same year (1892), a series of
+six lectures were given at Stixwould and Horsington, by Miss Kenealy, of
+the National Health Society, on the subject of home nursing, and
+treatment in cases of accident, fevers, &c.  These also proved so
+instructive that she was engaged to repeat them in the summer of the
+following year; and they were given in eight different parishes,
+beginning with Langton on June 5th; the attendances being very large, in
+one case 70 being present.
+
+Mr. Robert Jalland, Surgeon, of Horncastle, also gave a lecture at
+Kirkby-on-Bain, in April of the same year, on the subject: "How to secure
+healthy homes," which was very instructive and well attended, over 40
+being present.  In the autumn of that year a series of five lectures on
+Cookery were given by Mrs. Pierce, of the National Health Society, at
+four centres, Roughton, Thimbleby, Horsington, and Minting, beginning on
+Oct. 10th, and continued weekly.  These were considered so instructive
+that the Secretary, having made notes of them, was requested to have 500
+copies printed, for free distribution, which was done.
+
+In January of 1893 lectures on butter-making, with practical
+demonstrations, were given by Miss Carter, a professional teacher with
+certificate of the B.D.F.A., in nine parishes, from Jan. 12th to 24th.
+Lessons in sheep shearing were given in May, at eight centres, Roughton,
+Kirkstead, Woodhall, Langton, Wispington, Stixwould, Bucknall, and
+Thimbleby, the teachers being Mr. S. Leggett of Moorhouses, Boston, and
+Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington; prizes of 1 pound and 10/- being given to
+the most proficient pupils.
+
+In 1894 lessons were given in hedge plashing, on Mr. Gaunt's farm at
+Waddingworth, in November, the teacher being Mr. H. Butler of Greetham,
+money prizes being given.  Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr.
+Carter's farm at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of
+Hatton, money prizes being also given.
+
+In 1895 lectures on poultry keeping were given in February, by Mr. E.
+Brown, F.L.S., and Mr. F. Parton, at five centres; and they also visited
+various farmyards in the neighbourhood to give practical advice; these
+lessons were well attended.  Lessons in horse shoeing were given at
+Horncastle, for the neighbourhood, by Mr. J. B Gresswell, M.R.V.C., of
+Louth, in May and June, at which nine blacksmiths attended; certificates
+of the National Association of Farriers being awarded.  Lessons on sheep
+shearing were given at Thimbleby, Kirkstead, and Bucknall, in June, the
+teacher being Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington.  Dairy lessons on butter
+making and stilton cheese production were given by Miss Carter, at
+Woodhall Spa, Kirkby-on-Bain, Minting, and Reed's Beck, in October and
+November.  Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr. F. W. Scott's
+farm, at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton,
+and money prizes given.  Two lectures on bee keeping were given at
+Woodhall Spa, in November, 1895, by Mr. W. J. Banks of the Grammar
+School, Wragby, which were well attended; the same gentleman also giving
+a practical demonstration of the same, by request, at the Manor House,
+Woodhall Spa, in August of the following year (1896).
+
+                         [Picture: Bridge Street]
+
+In 1896 Hedge Plashing lessons were given, in January, at Stixwould,
+Bucknall, and Horsington, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton.  The
+Head Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant, was present and said he was "much
+pleased with the work done."  Lessons in stack thatching were given, in
+September, in the yards of Mr. H. N. Coates, of Langton, Mr. R. Roberts,
+of Thimbleby, and Mr. S. Harrison, of Roughton, to ten candidates, the
+teacher being Mr. Isaac Storey, of West Ashby.  These extended over four
+days, and were pronounced by the General Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant,
+of Lincoln, to be "highly satisfactory."  In November lessons in
+under-draining were again given by Mr. W. Scott, of Hatton, on the farm
+of Mr. Joseph Clifton, of Horsington, to two classes of candidates, those
+over and those under 24 years of age, and were well attended.
+
+In 1897 hedge plashing lessons were given in February, on the farm of Mr.
+S. Harrison, of Roughton, also by Mr. W. Scott, on three days, to two
+classes, over and under 24 years of age, being also well attended; prizes
+of 25/-, 20/-, and 15/- being given to each class; and two extra prizes
+of 7/6.
+
+Poultry lectures were given, also in February, extending over six days,
+at Mr. Bates Leedale's farm, at Woodhall, and at Mr. W. H. Holmes', of
+Minting House, by Mr. W. Cook, the well-known chicken breeder, and
+originator of the breed named "Orpingtons," of Orpington House, St. Mary
+Cray, Kent (since deceased).  These lectures created the greatest
+interest; the audiences were crowded, at one lecture there being 127
+present; and as he visited many farmyards to give advice, and several
+farmers bought valuable chickens from him, his visit may be said to have
+materially improved the breed of fowls in the neighbourhood.
+
+In May of this year, 1897, it was decided at head-quarters to make a
+change in the process of operations.  Hitherto instruction in the country
+parishes had been provided through the Committee of the Science and Art
+School, at Horncastle, but from this date each parish was to have its own
+Technical Education Committee, elected annually, with the other parish
+officials; and these were to apply direct to the Head Secretary, at
+Lincoln, for such instruction as they might think desirable, parishes
+uniting for this purpose if they chose to do so.  More money than
+heretofore was now being expended on the Science and Art School in
+Lincoln, and the grants for the country lessons were now greatly reduced.
+Of this country instruction no record was henceforth kept at Horncastle,
+and no detailed account can therefore be given here; the lessons have
+been mainly confined to hedge plashing, ploughing, under-draining, and
+such other practical subjects as suited the farmer, or agricultural
+labourer.
+
+In conclusion it may be said that although it is yet too early to
+prophecy, it would seem that a great future lies before us in the
+development of education.  Co-ordination of work between (as we have at
+Horncastle) the endowed Infant School, the National Schools, Technical
+Schools, and the "secondary" Grammar School, with higher-grade colleges,
+should furnish a kind of educational ladder, by which the child of the
+artizan, or rustic, may rise from the humblest position to the highest,
+if he has the ability, and the will, to avail himself of the
+opportunities thus placed within his reach.  It is hardly too much to say
+that the result may well be, that in the keen rivalry of nations, which
+characterizes the present age, England should thus be enabled to more
+than hold her own in the struggle of industrial life.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+THE DISPENSARY
+
+
+May well be said to be the most important charity in the town, not only
+from the valuable services which it has, through many years, rendered to
+the suffering poor, but because it was a pioneer institution of its kind;
+while the area of its usefulness has probably been more extensive than
+that of any similar charity in the county.
+
+Dispensaries were established at Louth in the year 1803, at Lincoln in
+1826, at Grantham in 1838, at Boston in 1852, at Market Rasen in 1857;
+but Horncastle was in advance of the earliest of these by more than a
+dozen years.  Further, the records of the charity shew, that, in the
+early years of its existence, patients were here treated from places so
+distant as Spilsby, Friskney, Wainfleet, Trusthorpe, Theddlethorpe,
+Alford, Fotherby, Marsh Chapel, Saltfleetby, Boston, Lincoln, Sleaford,
+Grantham, and even beyond the county, from Loughborough, Hull, and
+Beverley.
+
+This, it may be explained, was mainly due to the fact that it was
+virtually the creation of a man who was, in many matters, in advance of
+his time, that great public benefactor, Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., of
+Revesby Abbey, who held the Manor of Horncastle, and took the greatest
+interest in the welfare of the town and neighbourhood.
+
+At a preliminary meeting held at the Bull Inn, Horncastle, on Wednesday,
+Oct., 28, 1789, it was resolved, apparently on his initiative, to
+establish a dispensary; and this took formal shape on Dec. 3rd following,
+when the governing body was elected, consisting of Sir Jos. Banks,
+President, with Vice-Presidents the Honble. Lewis Dymoke, King's
+Champion, Thomas Coltman, Esq., William Elmhirst, Esq., Treasurer, and
+Richard Clitherow, Gent., legal adviser; the Honorary Physicians being
+Edmund Laycock, M.D., and Edward Harrison, M.D., with Mr. John Chislett
+as Surgeon and Apothecary.
+
+A code of rules was drawn up, which, with occasional revisions, to suit
+changing circumstances, remain substantially the same to the present day.
+A donation of 10 guineas constituted a life Governor, a legacy of the
+like amount gave the trustee paying it the same privilege.  An annual
+subscription of one guinea made the subscriber a Governor during the
+year.  Church or chapel collections of two guineas secured governorship
+for the year to the minister, and an additional Governor for each two
+guineas so collected.  The officials were to be a President,
+Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer, elected annually at a special meeting of
+the Governors.  Other regulations, as to patients and their attendance,
+numbered between 40 and 50.
+
+The institution was to be open on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 11 a.m.
+till noon, when the medical officers would prescribe for patients,
+attending with a governor's nomination.  Those unable to attend should be
+visited at their homes.  As a small practical beginning the wooden
+framework of a shop was bought at Wainfleet, for the small sum of 5/5;
+and drugs were ordered from the firm of Wallis & Stockton, of York; and a
+further supply obtained from Messrs. Skeen & Peale, of London.
+
+The first building, which was used from 1789 till 1867, was No. 2 on the
+south side of St. Mary's Churchyard, being rented for the sum of five
+guineas a year, until it was purchased in Feb., 1810, for the
+institution, jointly by Dr. Harrison and the Rev. John Fretwell, {120a}
+for 111 pounds 2s. 8d., the conveyance being effected by Mr. Clitherow at
+a charge of 13 pounds 15s. 8d.  Improvements were made in this building,
+at a cost of 13 pounds 5s., in 1812, and of 27 pounds 15s. 7d. in 1821.
+
+Of the first physicians, Dr. Laycock resigned office in his first year,
+on Sept. 29th, 1790; but Dr. Harrison continued his duties for many
+years, only retiring on Oct. 11th, 1821, shortly before his death.
+Although that gentleman carried on a private asylum, for patients
+mentally affected, at his own residence in West Street, {120b} he took a
+great interest in the Dispensary, and was indefatigable in his
+attendances, often at his own inconvenience.  Moreover his pecuniary
+assistance was not small; as, besides sharing in the purchase of the
+premises in St. Mary's Churchyard, the accounts shew that in 1820 he paid
+27 pounds, and in the following year 19 pounds 14s. 4d., for Dispensary
+expenses, which sums were afterwards repaid to him by the Governors; and
+(as will be shewn hereafter) he bequeathed at his death 100 pounds to the
+funds.  A vote of thanks was passed to him at the annual meeting of the
+Governors in September of 1821, for a further gift of 21 pounds, with the
+expression of their regret that his valuable services could no longer be
+given.  Associated with Dr. Harrison, in dispensary work, was Dr.
+Fawssett, appointed on the resignation of Dr. Laycock, who loyally
+co-operated with that gentleman for 33 years, and only survived him two
+years, dying on Oct. 16th. 1823.
+
+Since that time almost all the medical men of the town have, in their
+turns, rendered useful service to the Dispensary.  It would be invidious
+to single out any of these as being more capable, or more devoted to the
+work, than others; but we may mention one exceptional case, which all
+will recognize.  From an early period medical pupils were allowed to
+visit the Dispensary, in order to study special cases, and the treatment
+they received from qualified practitioners.  Among these was a young man,
+Mr. E. P. Charlesworth, who virtually here received the early part of his
+medical education.  He afterwards, for some years, practised in
+Horncastle; and in Dec., 1807, a resolution of the Governors was passed,
+conveying to him their warm thanks for his generosity in relieving poor
+patients, often at his own expense, and for his readiness to receive
+them, for consultation, at his own residence, and to make up drugs for
+them at all hours.  He subsequently removed to Lincoln, and became a
+noted physician, whose reputation extended considerably beyond the
+county.  During 33 years he was one of the most active medical advisers
+and patrons of the Lincoln Lunatic Asylum; and, after his death in 1853,
+a statue of him, in white marble, was erected in the grounds of that
+institution.
+
+                          [Picture: High Street]
+
+All these medical attendants at the Dispensary gave their services
+gratuitously until, at a general meeting, held on April 23rd, 1878, a
+resolution was passed, that henceforth the two doctors should each be
+paid 30 pounds a year, which has been the rule ever since.  At that date
+the late Dr A. E. Boulton resigned, and Mr. Robert Jalland and Dr. Haddon
+were the first to receive this well-merited remuneration, attending to
+their duties in alternate months.
+
+Scattered about the minute books of the institution are various notes, of
+some interest, from which we here give a selection.  On Feb. 23rd, 1790,
+the Rev. John Fretwell, "sensible of the distresses of the sick poor,
+gave one and a half guineas from the communion money, to be laid out in
+salop sago and Bowen's sago powder, to be distributed at the discretion
+of the faculty."  Nov. 27th, 1790, cases of small pox having occurred in
+the town, it was resolved to inoculate all poor persons, free of charge;
+and thereafter many names are given of those who underwent the operation.
+With this we may compare the following entry as indicating the progress
+of medical science during 12 years.  June 8th, 1802, an epidemic of small
+pox having occurred, and "inoculation becoming general, the Governors
+recommend vaccination."  A statement was printed for circulation, that in
+100,000 cases of vaccination, not one death had ensued; that it was now
+practised in all parts of the world, and favourably received, and that
+the National Institution of France had pronounced it to be the greatest
+discovery of the last century. {122}
+
+Feb. 4th, 1792, has an entry, in no way bearing upon dispensary work, but
+interesting as a memento of an old mode of conveyance.  The proprietors
+of the sedan chair asked permission for it to be kept at the Dispensary,
+for which they were willing to pay one guinea annually; and this was
+agreed to at the next meeting of the Governors.  This chair was let out
+to convey ladies to evening parties in the town.  It was borne by two
+men, and was in use within living memory, as late as "in the sixties."
+
+April 21st, 1792.  A gift of apparatus for the recovery of drowned
+persons, with a drag, was received from the Royal Humane Society of
+London.  A water bed was afterwards purchased, which was let out for a
+small fee to poor patients, temporarily bed-ridden.
+
+On Nov. 28th, 1809, at a special meeting of the Governors, the usefulness
+of the Dispensary was further extended by the appointment of a midwife,
+to attend upon poor women in labor, both in town and country, being paid
+from the funds of the charity, a fee of 3/6 for each case; and from the
+year 1810 to 1829, inclusive, Mrs. Elizabeth Southwell is mentioned, from
+time to time, as acting in that capacity.  In the years 1829, 30 and 31,
+owing to the increase in the number of patients, special appeals were
+made to the landowners of the district for increased support.
+
+In July, 1834, a resolution was passed that doctors attending patients at
+the Dispensary, might introduce pupils, to study cases under their
+treatment; and, in one case, a lady applied for permission to attend a
+course of instruction, in order that she might be enabled to assist her
+husband in making up medicines.  From 1840 to 1894 drugs were supplied by
+Messrs. Herring & Co., of London, but since that they have been supplied
+by local chemists, who are subscribers.
+
+In the autumn of 1840 there was an epidemic of scarlatina, and of the 237
+patients on the books, 50 were suffering from that complaint.  In
+consequence of the additional work thus caused, the salary of the
+dispenser was raised from 40 to 60 pounds a year.
+
+Again, with regard to a new source of income, among early notices we find
+the following: that on Sept. 29th, 1790, the first anniversary of the
+Dispensary's formation, a sermon was preached, on its behalf, at a
+service in the parish church, by the Rev. John Dymoke, Rector of
+Scrivelsby, and Chaplain to his grace the Duke of St. Albans.  This
+became an annual observance, and has continued so ever since, the
+preachers being selected with special care, and often from a considerable
+distance.  For instance, at the following anniversary, in 1791, the Rev.
+Everard Duckworth, LL.D., Prebendary of Canterbury, was invited to
+preach, and he being unable to undertake that office, the Rev. Peter
+Bulmer, Vicar of Thorpe, officiated in his stead.  Among other preachers
+named we find the Rev. Basil Beridge, well-known for his works of
+charity, Rector of Algarkirk, near Boston; the Rev. W. Goodenough,
+Archdeacon of Carlisle; the Rev. E. R. Mantell, Vicar of Louth, and other
+prominent clergy of the county.
+
+How widely the institution was appreciated is shewn by the number of
+leading persons who gave it their patronage.  Sir Joseph Banks was its
+warmest supporter, through life, regularly attending the committee
+meetings, either as a Governor or President, until his decease, June 19,
+1820; and his example brought to the meetings members of the Chaplin,
+Massingberd, and Heneage families, Lord Yarborough, and others, at no
+small inconvenience, from considerable distances.
+
+                         [Picture: The Bull Ring]
+
+Among other Presidents have been the widowed Lady Banks; Lord Yarborough,
+on several occasions; the Honble. and Rev. John Dymoke; to whom succeeded
+the Honble. Henry, afterwards Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart.; Lord Worsley; the
+Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.; J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.  After the death
+of Mr. Stanhope, Jan. 18th, 1904, it was resolved, at a special meeting
+of the Governors, Jan. 28th, that the Secretary should record, among the
+minutes, their regret at his death, and their high appreciation of his
+long and generous support.  The chairman was requested to send a copy of
+this to the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope; and at a meeting held on March 31st,
+following, a very kind letter in reply was read from Mrs. Stanhope,
+promising her support in the future, in lieu of that of the deceased
+gentleman.  The chairman was again requested to convey to her the thanks
+of the Governors, and Mrs. Stanhope was elected and continued to be
+President until her death, October 25th, 1907.
+
+Among Vice-Presidents have been two Earls Fortescue (father and son);
+Lord Worsley: Sir Joseph Hawley, Bart.; J. Hassard Short, Esq.; Earl
+Manvers; C. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq.; General Sir E. Brackenbury,
+Knight of Hanover; J. Lewis Ffytche, Esq.; Capt. Dallas York, Lord
+Willoughby d'Eresby; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart.
+
+For many years a ball was given in aid of the funds, in the Assembly
+Room, Bull Hotel, Horncastle, which (with the exception perhaps of the
+"stuff" ball at Lincoln) was the most fashionably attended of any such
+gathering in the county.  Among the stewards of this ball we find the
+names of G. M. Alington, Esq., of Swinhope Hall; Joseph Livesey, Esq.,
+Stourton Hall; C. Waldo Sibthorpe, Esq., Canwick Hall; G. F. W.
+Sibthorpe, Esq.; Col. Sibthorpe, M.P.; the Right Honble. C. T.
+d'Egremont, M.P.; E. Heneage, Esq., M.P.; Capt. Mansell, of Well Hall; G.
+B. Langton, Esq., of Langton Hall; J. Banks Stanhope, M.P.; Sir Montague
+Cholmondly, Bart.; Sir Charles H. J. Anderson, of Lea, Bart.; Sir William
+Ingilby, Bart., Ripley Castle, Yorks; Lord Yarborough; H. Handley, M.P.,
+Sleaford; Lord Amelius Beauclerk; Capt. Boucherett, North Willingham
+Hall; Honble. Capt. Monson; Capt. Lionel Dymoke.
+
+Among the lady patronesses were Lady Worsley, the Duchess of St. Albans,
+Lady Mary Christopher, Mrs. G. W. Sibthorpe, Lady Anderson, Mrs. Livesey,
+Lady Nelthorpe, Lady Dymoke, Lady Albinia Pye.
+
+These balls were discontinued, to the general regret, and to the loss of
+the dispensary, after the year 1871; and to make up for the loss Mr. J.
+Banks Stanhope in that year presented the institution with a cheque for
+20 pounds.
+
+We close this list of officials, with a brief account of the dispensers,
+on whom the efficiency of the institution largely depended.  They were
+usually qualified chemists, or surgeons and apothecaries; and generally
+also acted as secretaries.  The first of these we have already named, Mr.
+John Chislett, to him succeeded Mr. Lewis Bilton, secretary and
+compositor, 1793-1799; L. Barton, compositor, 1799-1801; G. Lunn,
+compositor, 1801-1807; John Lenton, compositor, 1807-1809; William
+Morley, compositor, 1809-1810; Thomas Taylor, surgeon apothecary,
+compositor, 1811-1826; Thomas Snaith, Surgeon, 1826-1834; William Ward,
+surgeon and apothecary, 1834-1839; W. Shepherd, 1839-1840 (ad interim);
+Francis Macarthur, {124} dispenser, 1840-1865; William Caunt, dispenser,
+1865-75; William Betts, Chemist and Druggist, 1875, Lady-day; elected
+secretary Nov. 2nd, 1882; his services have extended over a longer period
+than those of any previous dispenser.
+
+On the death of the Champion, Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., April 28th, 1865,
+the Governors resolved to erect a new dispensary, as a memorial of his
+long connection with the charity.  Circulars were issued inviting
+subscriptions, and, among other donors, Robert Vyner, Esq., of Gautby
+Hall, gave 200 pounds; the site of 52, North Street, was purchased, and
+the present building was erected in 1866.  In 1867 the old house in the
+churchyard was sold for 142 pounds 11s. 4d., and the new premises were
+occupied in the autumn of that year.  It was built from the designs of
+Messrs. Bellamy & Hardy, Architects, of Lincoln, the contractor for the
+work being Mr. Robert Carter, Builder, of North Street, Horncastle.  The
+original contract was for 765 pounds, but the ultimate cost, with
+furniture, lawyer's expenses, &c., amounted to 1,026 pounds 10s. 11d.  It
+is subject to a ground rent of 1 pound to the Stanhope estate.
+
+Of late years the support, by subscriptions, has on several occasions
+been inadequate.  In January, 1899, there being a deficit of 70 pound,
+the late Mr. J. Banks Stanhope gave the Governors a cheque for that
+amount.  In the year 1905, there being again a serious deficit,
+application was made to the trustees of the Hurstcroft and Snowden
+charity, and they contributed 20 pounds on condition that 25 poor
+children should receive medical treatment free of charge.  A further sum
+of 53 pounds 14s. remaining as a surplus, in the hands of the Soup
+Kitchen Committee, was also given to the funds.  Canon Quarrington,
+formerly Vicar of Horncastle, also contributed 20 pounds; and other
+donations made up a relief fund of 106 pounds (see Report for the year).
+The debt was thus wiped out, but death having carried off many former
+subscribers, increased support will be needed in the future.
+
+Legacies have been bequeathed to the institution by various persons, at
+different times, as follows: Dr. Harrison, by will dated Feb. 5th, 1820,
+left 100 pounds; the late H. J. Fielding, Esq., who died Aug. 10th, 1879,
+left by will 100 pounds; in 1884 the late Mr. T. Garfit bequeathed 100
+pounds; ten 10 pounds shares in the railway were bequeathed by Mrs. Fox
+Marshall in 1897; 100 pounds was bequeathed by Mr. J. W. Hart, of
+Tetford, in 1900; Mr. John Bancroft left 50 pounds in 1905; 357 pounds
+were invested in Consols and 200 pounds in railway shares, in 1899; a
+portion of this was sold in 1902, and 300 pounds were invested in the
+Corn Exchange; the Dispensary premises were also insured for 800 pounds,
+instead of 600 pounds, in the County Fire Office, in 1902.
+
+It will thus be seen that although the operations of the institution no
+longer embrace the extended area of the early years of its existence, it
+is still doing a most valuable work in the alleviation of suffering among
+the poor and needy, in both town and country for many miles round, and is
+thoroughly deserving of the increased support, which is required, to
+continue its efficiency.  We trust that this will be recognized by the
+land owners and others, and that such assistance will be forthcoming.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+THE CANAL.
+
+
+The Horncastle Canal, connecting for commerce the town with the river
+Witham, and so with Lincoln, Boston, and the sea, though now a derelict,
+was formerly of much value.  Its history is here given from its earliest
+inception.
+
+Horncastle having been for some centuries the chief market of an
+important agricultural district, an association was formed towards the
+close of the 18th century, with the title "The Company of Proprietors of
+Horncastle Navigation, in the County of Lincoln."  This was, in the year
+1792, incorporated by an Act of Parliament, which gave a list of the
+names of the original members, and secured to them, and to their
+successors, perpetual possession of the same, and a common seal.  The
+canal was to be 11 miles long, extending from the junction of the two
+rivers, Bain and Waring, which traverse the town and meet at the point
+where now stands the public swimming bath, to the Witham at Tattershall;
+and passing through the parishes of Thornton, Martin, Dalderby, Roughton,
+Haltham, Kirkby, Coningsby, and Tattershall.
+
+The company had at first a capital of 15,000 pounds in 50 pound shares,
+no member being allowed to hold less than one share or more than 20.  The
+surveyors for the undertaking were Messrs. Robert Stickney and Samuel
+Dickinson.
+
+When about two-thirds of the work was completed this capital was
+exhausted; and in the year 1800 a second Act of Parliament was obtained,
+which authorised the raising of a supplementary sum of 20,000 pounds in
+shares of 50 pounds; additional members being enrolled, and mortgages
+raised on the tolls.  The whole profits of the concern, for several
+years, were absorbed in paying off the debt thus contracted, so that no
+dividend accrued for the shareholders until the year 1813.  The channel,
+from Horncastle to Dalderby, was an entirely new cut, the rest being the
+river Bain deepened and straightened in its course.  It was adapted for
+the passage of vessels of 50 tons burden; and in the whole length of 11
+miles there was a fall of 84 feet.
+
+The original rate of charges was 2/- per ton for the whole length of the
+canal, 1/9 to the seventh lock, and 1/3 to the fourth lock; vessels laden
+with lime, manure, or material for roads, were granted free passage.
+{127}  By the second Act of Parliament, in 1800, the charges were raised
+to 3/3 per ton for the whole length of the canal, 2/7 to the seventh
+lock, and 1/6 to the fourth lock; lime, manure, and road material being
+exempted, as before.
+
+                           [Picture: The Canal]
+
+The whole structure was completed in the autumn of 1802, and the canal
+was formally opened on Friday, Sept. 17th of that year.  The occasion was
+observed as a general holiday by the towns-folk.  At one o'clock the
+boats the Betsy of Horncastle, and the Martha of Dalderby, the property
+of Messrs. Gilliat & Wilson, and the British Queen, owned by Mr. Boyers,
+were hauled into the two basins of the canal, elaborately decorated with
+colours, amid the cheers of spectators, who are said to have numbered
+more than 2,000.  The vessels having been brought to, several salutes
+were fired, and a band of music, on the pleasure boat of Mr. Lane, played
+"God save the King," "Rule Britannia," "Hearts of Oak," &c.  Having
+traversed some distance on the canal the company afterwards landed at the
+wharfs on the two branches, and a large number of the shareholders
+partook of a festive repast at the Greyhound Inn, East Street, near the
+south basin.  The navvies and other workmen who had been employed in the
+construction of the canal, were also regaled on the boats, and afterwards
+feasted at the Greyhound.
+
+In following years an excursion was made annually by the Directors,
+conveyed down the canal, in a fine barge, which was their own property,
+named "The Lady Banks," in order to inspect its condition; and this was
+followed by a public dinner at the Bull Hotel, which continued to be an
+established institution during the period of the canal's prosperity.
+
+The shares quickly rose considerably in value; a great number of barges
+came to the town, and it was no uncommon occurrence to see the whole
+distance from the South bridge to the Bow bridge packed closely with
+heavily laden vessels, carrying coals, grain, or other merchandise.  In
+1836 it was computed that about 30,000 quarters of wheat, and 3,000 packs
+of wool, passed through the canal annually; and in 1850 the profits of
+the traffic amounted to about 2,000 pounds a year.
+
+Consequent on the opening of the railway in August, 1855, the canal, as a
+means of goods conveyance, gradually became disused, until, of late
+years, it has become worse than a mere derelict, since it forms an
+obstruction to the free passage of the water brought down by the two
+rivers, and after heavy rain it has led to temporary inundations of the
+town, to the great inconvenience of those residing near it, as well as
+interfering, as might in some circumstances be serious, with the sanitary
+arrangements.
+
+A few years ago an attempt was made to restore the canal traffic, but the
+railway monopoly had become too thoroughly established, and the project
+failed; yet the competition, could it have been maintained, might have
+had a salutary effect upon the cost of railway conveyance, to the
+advantage of the general public.
+
+Our canals, it should be remembered, are a time-honoured institution; the
+Lincolnshire Cardyke and Fossdyke date from the period of the Roman
+occupation of this country.  The Magna Charta of the early 13th century
+took cognizance, not only of the roads, called "The King's Highway," but
+also of inland navigation, under the term "Haut streames de le Roy."  The
+latter half of the 18th century was remarkable for great achievements as
+regards internal waterways, notably in the Bridgewater Canal, and the
+Grand Junction Canal of London; and to this period, as we have seen, the
+Horncastle Canal belongs.
+
+In this twentieth century, again, notwithstanding the great railway
+facilities, there is a wide-spread movement in favour of extended water
+traffic, headed by the very successful Suez Canal; with a prospect of the
+sister channel of Panama.  Berlin is said to owe its prosperity largely
+to its well-organized system, connecting the rivers Oder, Elbe, Spree,
+&c., which have an annual traffic of some million and half tons.  Our own
+Manchester Ship Canal is another instance; the most recent case being
+fresh developments of the Aire and Calder Navigation, in South Yorkshire.
+The canals, too, which have been recently constructed in India, are
+yielding, by the latest reports, {128} a handsome revenue to the
+Government, as well as greatly benefiting the native population.
+
+It is acknowledged that a more general use of waterways, throughout the
+kingdom for the cheaper transport of our heavier and more bulky produce,
+would be a national boon; and a Royal Commission was engaged in
+considering the subject of the acquisition of all canals as Government
+property. {129a}
+
+It is now being more and more recognised that, on the establishment of
+railways, everyone jumped too hastily to the conclusion that the days of
+canals were over; whereas, in truth, there is still a large field,
+probably an increasing field, for the cheaper traffic in heavy goods,
+which canals can provide for.  The Belgian town of Bruges, though
+situated several miles inland, is now to be converted into a port by the
+government of that country, through the creation of a canal, which is
+expected to increase the prosperity of that city.  Similarly it is
+suggested that our own town of Nottingham could be made a great inland
+port, if water carriage were provided; and Sir John Turney, before the
+Royal Commission, has recently (July, 1907) stated that the trade of that
+town might thus be greatly increased.  These, be it remembered, are not
+isolated cases.
+
+                         [Picture: On the Canal]
+
+As to our own local interests, we may reasonably regret that, after so
+much money being invested in the Horncastle Canal, and the serious losses
+incurred by so many investors, no further effort should be made to
+utilize it.  The trade of Horncastle is not so satisfactory but that we
+might welcome every adjunct, which could in any way contribute to its
+furtherance; while, even from an aesthetic point of view, it were
+desirable that, with the present dilapidated locks, and the banks in some
+places broken, the channel, which is in parts little more than a shallow
+bed of mud, befouled by garbage and carrion, or choked by a matted growth
+of weeds, should be superceded by a flow of water, pure and emitting no
+pestiferous exhalations.
+
+
+
+THE RAILWAY.
+
+
+In few things has there been more remarkable evolution, or we might even
+say, revolution, than in our methods of locomotion.  In these days of
+historic pageants we might well conceive of a series of scenes passing
+before us, shewing the means adopted at different periods, or under
+different conditions, in this respect.  The war-chariot of Queen
+Boadicea, charging the legions of Caesar, or (in our own neighbourhood)
+that of the British warrior Raengeires, routing his Saxon foes, at
+Tetford, with their wheels of solid wood and other massive carpentry,
+would form a, then inconceivable, contrast to the future taximeter cab,
+to be evolved in this 20th century.
+
+The lumbering "wain" of the Saxon churl, though still surviving in the
+name of a constellation, befitted only an age little advanced beyond
+barbarism.
+
+The primitive "shout" (Dutch "schuyt"), or "dug-out" boat, hollowed by
+Celtic flint-axe from the bole of a mighty oak, and slowly propelled by
+the almost wild Girvian, through the tangle of fen morass, had but a
+remote connection with the steam packet which, within living memory,
+plied on the neighbouring Witham, between Boston and Lincoln.  Although
+the speed of the latter was so slow, that (as a friend of the writer has
+done) a pedestrian, travelling by road, could reach either of those
+places, from our town of Horncastle, in less time than it took to go by
+carrier's van to Kirkstead wharf, and thence by the said steamer.
+
+While, again, both these would provoke only a smile of contempt in the
+voyager who now crosses the atlantic, at a rate of 20 knots or more in
+the hour.  Then, again, compare with these the cyclist, who now flashes
+past us with the speed of lightning; or the motorist, who vanishes from
+our sight, almost before the dust he has raised is blown away.
+
+Another humbler mode of progress, again, was a familiar sight in our
+boyhood, when the farmer's wife jogged contentedly to market, seated on a
+pillion, behind her husband, and carrying her butter, eggs, or chickens,
+in roomy market baskets by her side.  Even the gig, to carry two, of the
+better bucolic class, has now become obsolete, as the train pours out, at
+the station, its living stream of market folk, male and female, within a
+few minutes of leaving their own doors several miles away.
+
+As to our country roads we are, it is true, well supplied with them, but
+a pageant view of the past, such as we have here conceived, would reveal
+to us our British forefathers, toiling, in wearied gangs, under Roman
+task-masters, at the forced labour of road making; by which the town's
+markets and chartered fairs were to be accessible, from all directions,
+for generations yet unborn.  In our present iron ways, we might well
+suppose that we have attained the highest evolutionary stage in
+expeditious traffic; but who, indeed, shall venture to gainsay, that as a
+sequel to our wireless telegraphy, we may one day eschew the mundane
+altogether, and become a race of aeronauts.
+
+The Great Northern loop line, connecting Boston and Lincoln with
+Peterborough and Grantham, and so with the further north and south, was
+opened in October, 1848.  At that date, except the "Navigation" for heavy
+goods, such as corn, coal, &c., there were only coaches, once a day, for
+public conveyance to Boston, Lincoln, Market Rasen, and Louth.  But
+through the enterprise of Mr. Samuel Sketchley, of Horncastle, Solicitor,
+of the old firm of Selwood and Conington, an Act of Parliament was, not
+without difficulty, obtained, July 10th, 1854, for the construction of a
+branch line, running from Kirkstead to Horncastle; the importance of this
+event being recognised by a joyous peal of the parish church bells being
+rung, and crowds parading the streets, at 10 o'clock at night, at which
+hour the news arrived.  The next day the rejoicings were continued, the
+bells of St. Mary's Church being again rung, while the tower of the
+church was adorned with a tricolour flag, bearing the inscription "God
+speed the railway," and crowds again passed through the streets, headed
+by the town band and a large tricolour standard.
+
+The construction of the line was begun in April of the following year,
+1855; the contractors being Messrs. Smith & Knight.  The original capital
+of the company was 48,000 pounds, in 10 pound shares, but the ultimate
+cost was about 60,000 pounds.  The G.N.R. Company undertook the working,
+paying half the receipts to the shareholders; and as, for the distance
+(about 7.5 miles), the expenditure was, compared with that of many such
+undertakings, small, so, as an investment, the enterprise proved a
+profitable one, few lines yielding so good a return for the outlay; the
+10 pound shares still (in 1907) sell at nearly half as much again (14
+pounds 17s. 3d., July, 1907).
+
+A brief account may well here be given of the opening ceremony of this
+important event in the town's history, condensed from the public journals
+of the day.  The line was examined by the Government Inspector, Colonel
+Wynn, and a few days later Mr. Seymour Clarke, the G.N.R. manager, stated
+that it could not be in a more efficient condition.  The opening ceremony
+was fixed for Aug. 12th, 1855.  At an early hour the town was crowded
+with visitors and shops were closed.  At 7 a.m. 2,500 lbs. of beef were
+distributed among the poorer people.  Peals of bells were rung, the
+Horncastle and Spilsby bands added their music of popular airs.  The
+streets and station were profusely decorated, under the direction of Mr.
+Crowder, florist, Mr. John Osborne, parish clerk, Mr. Archbould, head
+gardener to Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. Nelson from Stourton Hall, and a local
+committee.  Flags displayed the arms of the town, those of Sir H. Dymoke,
+Mr. J. Banks Stanhope, the Bishop of Carlisle, then lord of the manor,
+the Rose of England, and the Union Jack.  About noon a procession was
+formed in the Bull Ring, to meet the Directors of the G.N.R., by Mr. F.
+Harwood, master of the ceremonies, in the following order:
+
+
+
+    Navvy bearing bronzed pickaxe and shovel.
+
+                     Banner.
+
+              Navvies, four abreast.
+
+                     Banner.
+
+  Two navvies, bearing silver-gilt wheelbarrow.
+
+                     Banners.
+
+              Horncastle Brass Band.
+
+
+
+Contractor.       Engineer.
+
+Secretary.        Solicitor.
+
+Auditor.          Auditor.
+
+
+
+Banners.       Directors, two abreast.                   Banners.
+
+               Churchwarden, Dr. B. J. Boulton.
+
+               The Vicar, Rev. W. H. Milner.
+
+Banners.       Shareholders and their friends, four      Banners.
+               abreast.
+
+               Spilsby Brass Band.
+
+               Parish Clerk, Mr. J. C. Osborne, in his
+               robes, preceded by his Standard Bearer.
+
+Banner.        Members of the various Clubs, with        Banner.
+               Banners.
+
+Banner.        1,000 School Children, 4 abreast.         Banner.
+
+               The Public.
+
+The procession marched from the Bull Ring to the Railway Station, where
+the elders of the party on the platform, and the children, with their
+banners, ranged on the opposite side, awaited the arrival of the train
+bringing the G.N.R. Directors, and as it drew up the bands played "See
+the Conquering Hero comes."
+
+The procession, augmented by the directors, then re-formed, and marched
+through the town; in the Bull Ring the National Anthem was sung.  A large
+marquee was erected in the grounds of Mr. R. C Armstrong (now Mrs.
+Howland's garden), adjoining South Street, in which the contractors,
+Messrs. Smith & Knight, provided for the directors and shareholders, and
+other guests, in all over 200, a splendid dinner, served in excellent
+style, by Messrs. Wilson and Serpell, of the Bull Hotel.  The Honble. Sir
+H. Dymoke presided, as Chairman of the Horncastle and Kirkstead Railway
+Co.; being supported on his right by Mr. Hussey Packe and Mr. C. Chaplin,
+Directors of the G.N.R., Major Amcotts and Sir M. J. Cholmeley, and on
+his left by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., M.P., Director of the Horncastle
+Railway, and Rev. W. H. Milner, Vicar.  Congratulatory speeches were
+made, and the day closed with a fine display of fireworks.
+
+Opened under such favourable auspices, and supplying a felt need, the
+railway has continued to be a success; improvements have been made, from
+time to time, in the stations at Horncastle and Woodhall Spa.  The line
+continues to be a single one, but it is sufficient for the local
+requirements, and the shares, as before mentioned, at the present time
+(1907) find a ready sale at an advance of about 50 per cent. on their
+original price.  We might add that if the railway could be continued to
+Spilsby, and then connected with the different lines running to the
+Skegness, Mablethorpe and other health resorts on the coast, its utility,
+and doubtless its paying value, would be largely increased, as it would
+shorten the distance by many miles.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+WORKHOUSE OR UNION.
+
+
+We now notice the chief of those public institutions, and the buildings
+connected therewith, which have been established in the town, within more
+recent times, for its welfare, or its adornment; in order to bring its
+corporate efficiency into more complete accord with the advanced
+requirements of what may be called modern municipal life.  Among these
+the foremost place, from its general importance, is naturally due to the
+Union, or Workhouse; and here it is necessary to make some preliminary
+remarks.
+
+The workhouse, or union, for a large district is a comparatively recent
+creation.  "The poor" we have had "always with" us, but they have not
+always been dealt with as they now are.  By statute 23 Edward III.
+(1349), it was enacted that "none should give alms to a beggar who was
+able to work."  By common law the really deserving poor were to be
+assisted "by parsons and parishioners, so that none should die for
+default of sustenance."  By Act, 15 Richard II. (1392), impropriators
+(_i.e._ laymen holding church property) were bound to contribute a
+certain yearly sum to the poor of the parish, but no compulsory law was
+passed till 27 Henry VIII. (1536).  The present poor law system dates
+from 43 Eliz. (1601); successive amendment acts being passed from 1836 to
+1847, and again in 1861; and a further relief act in 1862.
+
+At first parishes regulated their own methods and amounts of relief.  For
+a long period, indeed, the labouring class were subject to strict legal
+rules, both as to service, and in their individual movements.  It was
+quite an innovation when, in 23 Henry VI. (1445), a servant was permitted
+to change masters after giving due notice; and when moving, or, as it is
+locally called, "flitting," from one parish to another, for employment,
+he had to produce a certificate of settlement from his last abode.  In
+such matters the overseers were paramount, until their powers were
+transferred to the newly constituted guardians of the poor, by Act of
+Parliament, in 1839. {133}
+
+The "workhouse" preceded the "union," which latter term was adopted when
+parishes, throughout a large district, were _united_ for the purposes of
+poor relief. {134a}  In some cases a country parish had its own
+workhouse.  For instance, old parish books of Thimbleby, {134b} show that
+in 1819 20 pounds was spent upon the village workhouse, which was insured
+for 200 pounds.
+
+Among some old churchwardens' records, in the possession of Mr. John
+Overton, of Horncastle (members of whose family have frequently held that
+office), it is mentioned that early in the 18th century a "public oven"
+was erected in the town to enable the poor to cook their meals, or to
+bake the "black bread," then in common use, {134c} more conveniently than
+they could at home. {134d}  At a later date (1780) a spinning school was
+established by public rate, to help the poor to earn a livelihood by a
+home industry. {134e}
+
+An important advance was made in poor relief, in 1735, when, as the same
+records state, "on April 17 a committee was appointed, {134f} in
+Horncastle, to build a workhouse," and on May 7th in the following year a
+brief note gives the cost of the building as being 175 pounds 13s. 4d.
+This was situated on the east side of St. Mary's Square, separated by a
+few yards from the Grammar School, the site being now (1908) occupied by
+a common lodging house.  It continued to be the public workhouse for over
+100 years; and that the poor, who needed relief, were generally expected
+to enter as inmates, is shewn by another brief note, in the same records,
+to the following effect: "May 2nd, 1781.  Out payments discontinued,
+except in sickness."
+
+It was not till 1838 that the present workhouse, in Foundry Street, was
+built, from the designs of Mr.--afterwards Sir--Gilbert Scott, being one
+of his earliest undertakings {134g}  It is a commodious structure,
+capable of accommodating 260 inmates; and, with grounds attached, covers
+an area of between four and five acres.  It is now known as "The Union,"
+and the union district embraces 69 parishes, represented by 76 guardians,
+to whom, as already stated, the former duties of the overseers were
+transferred in 1839.
+
+The Rev. Canon A. E. Moore is the present Chaplain.
+
+
+
+THE COURT HOUSE.
+
+
+The majesty of the law has not always been so worthily domiciled in
+Horncastle as during the last forty years.  In Stukeley's map of the
+town, dated 1722, the Sessions House is placed at the south-east corner
+of the "Mercat Place," where there now (1908) stands a small refreshment
+house.  The cells for prisoners probably formed the basement of this
+building, as there is no known record of their being confined elsewhere,
+until the year 1821, when what was called the "Round House" was built, at
+the north-east corner of the Market Place, opposite the present Lord
+Nelson Inn.  This was a small circular building, having two cells, with a
+colonnade running round it, which formed a shelter for market women
+selling butter, eggs, &c.  The foundations of this structure were so
+shallow that it is on record that a prisoner, in the course of one night,
+scratched a passage under the wall and effected his escape. {135}  This
+prison was demolished in 1853, when the present police station was built,
+facing the Wong, at a cost of 500 pounds, having four cells, for 12
+prisoners, and a residence for a superintendent and constable.
+
+                        [Picture: The Court House]
+
+Some years later fresh premises were rented for the magistrates, on the
+south side of the High Street, adjoining the George Hotel, now extinct,
+though then a leading establishment.  That site is now occupied by the
+Lincoln and Lindsey Bank.
+
+In 1843 the magistrates' office was transferred to what is now 19, Bull
+Ring, part of the shop of Messrs. Robinson, Drapers.  All these premises
+proving inadequate for their purpose, the present Court House was built
+in 1865, on the site of the former parish stocks, the site, a slight
+rising ground, being called "Stocks' Hill," at a cost of 3,000 pounds.
+The architect was Mr. C. Reeves, of London, the builder Mr. Huddleston,
+of Lincoln.  The furniture was supplied by Messrs. Pike & Wright, of
+Horncastle; gas fittings by Mr. Murrell, of Chelsea.
+
+In this handsome building, of white brick, there is accommodation for
+many branches of public, local and county business.  As a possession the
+Court House is the property of the Board of Works, in London, the county
+authorities paying to them a rent of 10 pounds, for the use of it by the
+magistrates.
+
+
+
+THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL.
+
+
+This handsome structure was erected under the following circumstances.
+The Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, who had represented the Horncastle
+Division in Parliament, with much distinction, from the year 1874, died
+rather suddenly, as the result of hard work, in his official capacity, on
+Dec. 22, 1893, to the great grief of the entire constituency; when it was
+universally felt that his services merited some public recognition.
+Various meetings were held, and at length, on Jan. 22nd, 1897, at a
+gathering in the Masonic Hall, a committee was appointed to carry out the
+scheme.  The design of the Memorial was intrusted to the architect, Mr.
+E. H. Lingen Barker, of Hereford, Messrs. Walter & Hensman, of
+Horncastle, being the contractors for the work.
+
+The ceremony of inauguration was performed by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq.,
+formerly M.P. for the Division, on Feb. 2nd, 1899, in the presence of the
+Earl and Countess Stanhope, and other distinguished persons on the
+platform, and a vast crowd from the neighbourhood filling the entire
+Market Place.  This was followed by a public luncheon in the Corn
+Exchange.
+
+The site chosen was the centre of the Market Place, as that, along with
+the market dues, had been made over to the town as a free gift, by the
+Right Honble. gentleman, as Lord of the Manor.  The following is the
+official description of the monument, as published at the time of its
+erection.  The structure is 31-ft. 6-in. in height.  It stands on a
+massive foundation of concrete; with three tiers of Yorkshire stone
+steps, each 15-in. wide, running round the base leading up to the
+monument proper, their shape being octagonal.  With the exception of two
+strings of Dumfries' red stone, the lower part is of Monk's Park stone.
+Above this is a moulded string course, and on each face are shafts of
+Aberdeen red granite, with moulded caps and bases.  The panels are filled
+with diaper work; and in each alternate panel are arms of the Stanhope
+family, and the arms of the town, with an inscription to the memory of
+the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, and a medallion, with bust, in relief, of
+the same.  These panels are surmounted by moulded and carved cinquefoil
+panels, surmounted by carved finials.  Above these, again, are eight
+columns of polished granite, supporting the superstructure, and these
+also have eight trefoil dormers, simpler than those below, each finished
+with a finial of gun metal.  Above these are eight gun metal columns,
+having trefoiled heads, with foliated finials and moulded cornice; and on
+these rests the spirette, constructed of oak and covered with lead, with
+eight other dormers, which complete the whole.  The total cost was 552
+pounds 12s. 3d., raised by subscriptions, a small balance being handed
+over to the public Dispensary.
+
+
+
+THE CLERICAL CLUB.
+
+
+The Clerical Club was founded in 1822; a room was rented on the premises
+of Mr. James Babington, Bookseller, in the High Street (now occupied by
+Mr. J. S. Balding, Butcher), where the members met for discussion, and
+gradually established a good library.
+
+                     [Picture: The Stanhope Memorial]
+
+The first members enrolled were the Rev. the Hon. the King's Champion,
+John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby; the Revs. J. B. Smith, Head Master of
+the Grammar School; C. N. L'Oste, Rector of Claxby; Francis Rockliffe,
+Rector of Fulletby; Robert Spranger, D.D., Rector of Low Toynton (and of
+Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, London); John Mounsey, Rector of
+Gautby; Thomas Roe, Rector of Kirkby-on-Bain; E. Brackenbury, Rector of
+Aswardby; W. Dodson, Rector of Well; F. Swan, Rector of Sausthorpe; and
+others holding benefices scattered over a wide area, but several of them
+living in Horncastle.
+
+The Club was formally opened in the following year, when several more
+members were added; the Honble. John Dymoke being elected President, Dr.
+Clement Madeley, Vicar of Horncastle, Vice-President, with Dr. J. B.
+Smith as Secretary, in which capacity he did valuable service, in
+increasing the membership and adding to the efficiency of the
+institution, which flourished for many years.
+
+In later times, especially on the lamented death of Dr. Smith, and the
+creation of circulating libraries, such as that of Messrs. Mudie, in
+London, the numbers of subscribers fell off considerably.  The books were
+transferred to various quarters; at first to the house of the late Mr.
+John Osborne, parish clerk, himself no mean scholar and student,
+afterwards to the residence of the head master of the Grammar School,
+where they remained for some years, under successive masters, still
+available for members of the club.
+
+On June 8th, 1892, Canon Quarrington, Vicar of Horncastle, Revs. J. C.
+Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, and J. Conway Walter, Rector of Langton, were
+appointed a sub-committee, with instructions to find a permanent club
+room, or to give the books to the Lincoln Diocesan Library.  In September
+of that year Dr. Madge, Head Master, offered to keep the books, to act as
+Librarian, and admit members to them two or three days a week in his
+house.
+
+In January, 1893, the present writer was commissioned with Dr. Madge, to
+examine the books, when there was found to be 799 in good condition, 69
+missing.  The Secretary of the Lincoln Diocesan Library was communicated
+with, and at a meeting of the committee of that library, held on Feb. 24,
+1893, the offer of the books was accepted, and they were in due course
+transferred to that institution.
+
+On May 17th, 1894, the Rev. J. Conway Walter, with three others, was
+commissioned to obtain a supply of books from a circulating library at
+Lincoln.  Eventually Mudie's library was established at the shop of Mr.
+H. Willson, Bookseller, Horncastle; Mr. W. K. Morton opened a
+subscription library, and Messrs. W. H. Smith opened a book stall at the
+station.  These three still continue: the original Clerical Club books
+being still available, with others, at the library in the Chapter House
+of Lincoln Cathedral.
+
+There was at one time a _Literary Society_ in Horncastle, which used to
+meet at the Bull Hotel, in a small room, now the bar, beneath the large
+ball room, on a level with the street.  Among the most active members of
+this was John Brown, the late, so-called, Horncastle "Poet Laureate,"
+whose poems were published in 1890, by the Rev. J. Conway Walter, in a
+volume entitled _Literae Laureatae_, dedicated to Lord Tennyson.  Another
+prominent member was the late Mr. Thomas Baker, who was an amateur actor
+and clever ventriloquist, as well as a great cricketer.  In his early
+years he was engaged by the father of Sir Evelyn Wood to teach the
+village boys cricket in Essex.  His bowling was of the old roundhand
+style; in which he bowled to Fuller Pilch, the greatest batsman of his
+day; and also to Dr. W. G. Grace, now of the Crystal Palace; and, many
+years ago, in a match against a crack 11, including three University
+players and one professional, he bowled them all out for 11 runs.  He
+also bowled out the captain of the All England Eleven with his first
+ball.  He died Feb. 12th, 1903, aged 88.
+
+
+
+THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.
+
+
+Mechanics' Institutes were first established in the earlier half of the
+19th century.  The first known was that founded in London by the famous
+Dr. Birkbeck in 1823; another being opened in the same year in Glasgow;
+after which they became general.  As Horncastle was in advance of other
+towns in the county in its valuable Dispensary (see p. 119), so it would
+seem to have preceded other towns, with the exception of Lincoln, in
+catering for the growing taste for literature.  The Mechanics' Institute
+was founded in the year 1834.  It was first located in Union Street, now
+called Queen Street, and soon received the support of all classes.  The
+building, which consisted of one large room, was situated on the west
+side of the street, on the site where now stands the private residence,
+No. 18.
+
+Soon after the erection of the Corn Exchange, in 1856, the Mechanics'
+Institute was transferred to that building; two upper rooms being
+occupied, as library and reading room; the former premises in Queen
+Street being sold to the late Mr. Joseph Parish, who used them for sales,
+public meetings, dances, and so forth, until in 1866 he erected on the
+site a private residence for himself.
+
+After some years the introduction of the above named branch of the
+popular London Library of Messrs. Mudie & Co., at the shop of Mr. Hugh
+Willson, Bookseller, in the Bull Ring, followed by the subscription
+library of Mr. W. K. Morton, in the High Street, and that of Messrs. W.
+H. Smith & Sons, at the Railway Station, reduced the numbers of the
+subscribers to "The Mechanics," and it was removed to smaller premises in
+Bank Street; and eventually this same cause led to the Institute being
+closed.  On January 14th, 1886, a meeting was held in the library to
+determine its future, the result being that the Secretary, Mr. W. Betts,
+and the members of the committee resigned, Jan. 21st, and the books, &c.,
+were removed to a small chamber at the Gas House, in Foundry Street,
+another small room there being used as a temporary reading room.  These
+were closed about the year 1894, the books remaining stowed away.  About
+the year 1899 an effort was made by the late W. Brown, of the Capital and
+Counties' Bank, to get the books transferred to the Technical School in
+Queen Street, of the committee of which he was chairman; with the object
+that they might be once more rendered available for public use; but this
+project fell through.
+
+In 1905 the library was finally broken up by the late Mr. Joseph Willson,
+the last survivor of the Managing Committee, who sold the less valuable
+among the books by auction in Lincoln, the rest being divided between the
+permanent subscription library of Mr. W. K. Morton, Bookseller, High
+Street, and that of the Grammar School.
+
+It is much to be regretted that a valuable collection of books thus
+ceased to be public property.  A catalogue of the library, published by
+Mr. W. Johnson, Bookseller, High Street, in 1865, shows that the number
+of volumes was at that date 1,468, with annual additions; while in 1879 a
+bequest was made by the late Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House,
+South Street, of about 230 volumes of standard works, bringing the total
+up to about 1,750 volumes.  (Classified List, published by W. K. Morton,
+1879.)
+
+The first librarian was Mrs. Wood, assisted by her daughter (afterwards
+Mrs. Panton).  She was succeeded by Miss South, who was followed by Miss
+Stephenson, and she was succeeded by Mrs. W. Johnson.
+
+The late Mr. Henry Nicholson acted as secretary, and for several years
+took a great interest in all that concerned the Institute, until his
+prolonged serious illness, which ended fatally in June, 1900.  Mr. C.
+Hensman was treasurer while the library was at the Corn Exchange,
+resigning when it was removed to Banks Street.  During the same period
+the late Mr. Berridge, Master of the Union, acted as Secretary, and was
+succeeded by Mr. W. Betts, of the Dispensary, who only held that post two
+years, before the Institute was closed.
+
+There were in the library, besides the books, a quantity of weapons of
+war from the South Sea Islands, some cases of objects of natural history;
+valuable sepia paintings by the late Rev. C. P. Terrot, of Wispington, an
+almost unrivalled artist in his own line; and several fine Roman vases
+exhumed in the town; all these were disposed of by Mr. Joseph Willson,
+only surviving trustee, now deceased.
+
+
+
+THE CORN EXCHANGE.
+
+
+The Corn Exchange is a spacious and lofty building of brick, with stone
+facings, capable of holding 500 persons, situated on the south side of
+the High Street, and standing on what was formerly the eastern wall of
+the old Roman castle; a well of pure water, still in use, under the
+adjoining house, having been just within the wall of that fortress.  It
+was opened on July 5th, 1856.  From the terms of the original deed of
+settlement of the company we may give the following items.
+
+The Indenture, dated July 18th, 1855, was registered the 31st of the same
+month; the agreement being, on the first part, between Thomas Armstrong,
+Merchant; Henry Turner, Land Agent; George Wright, Merchant; Henry
+Nicholson, Draper; William Preston Carlton, Chemist; and others, all of
+Horncastle; with certain residents in the neighbourhood on the second
+part; and Frederick W. Tweed, of Horncastle, Gentleman, as trustee to
+give effect to the covenant, on the third part.  The said parties agree
+to form themselves a Joint Stock Company, within the meaning of the Act 7
+and 8 Victoria, c. 110, to provide a building for the purposes, according
+to these presents, viz., a Corn Exchange, which can also be used for
+concerts, exhibitions, and other public objects, on such terms as the
+committee may think fit.
+
+The capital of the company to be 3,000 pound, in 600 shares of 5 pounds
+each; annual meetings of shareholders to be held on May 2nd; any five, or
+more, owning 25 shares, may require the directors to convene an
+extraordinary meeting.  The capital may be increased by additional shares
+of 5 pounds, not exceeding 300; money may be borrowed on mortgage, not
+exceeding at any one time 1,500 pounds. {140}  One-third of the original
+directors to retire in May, 1856, being eligible for re-election.  In
+May, 1857, one-half of the remaining original directors to retire; and
+similarly in succeeding years one-third to retire in rotation, according
+to seniority.  Any director to forfeit office on ceasing to hold five
+shares; anyone intending to apply for directorate, to give at least 10
+days' notice.  Directors to meet at least once every three months; any
+two directors may require the secretary to convene a meeting, at any
+time, for any desirable special object.
+
+The Court of Directors to apply to the Privy Council (Board of Trade) for
+permission to purchase, or rent, land or buildings, as may seem to be
+needed; or to let, or lease, buildings, offices, &c., as they may think
+fit; or to make mortgages, conveyances, &c., for the purposes of the
+company.  A reserve fund (by clause 67) to be established, by setting
+apart one per cent of the profits in any year; the accumulation to be
+employed for the benefit of the company, as may seem to them desirable.
+Shares to be sold (by clause 68) for the benefit of the company, by a
+vote of a majority at a general meeting.  No sum beyond 400 pounds, at
+any one time, to be negotiated by promissory note or bill of exchange.
+
+        [Picture: Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900]
+
+That a report be presented, and dividend declared, at an annual meeting,
+on March 25th, with seven days' notice to each shareholder.  A common
+seal to be kept in a place of safety, and affixed to all legal documents,
+by the secretary, in the presence of three directors.  Henry Nicholson,
+Draper, to be the first auditor, paid as committee of directors decide.
+Samuel Sketchley to be the first solicitor; and the Lincoln and Lindsey
+Bank the company's bank.  Thomas Armstrong, Timothy Collinson, and Robert
+Edwin Kemp to be the first trustees of the company.
+
+The books may be inspected by any shareholder, between 10 a.m. and 4
+p.m., in the presence of the secretary, or other person nominated in
+accordance with Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110.  By clause 89 it was
+provided that, in case of the company being wound up, the chairman should
+declare the company to be dissolved with all convenient speed; all
+property to be sold, and converted into ready money, to meet all claims;
+a final distribution of assets to be made; no sale by private contract to
+any shareholder being allowed.  This deed was signed, sealed, and
+delivered by the said F. W. Tweed, and witnessed by J. S. Cropper,
+Horncastle, July 18th, 1855.
+
+On Nov. 6th, 1889, a meeting was held to consider whether the company
+should be wound up; but it was decided to continue it, and of late years
+the financial position of the company has improved; the report for 1906
+shews total receipts for the past year, 145 pounds 13s. 1d.; expenditure
+87 pounds 2s. 10d.; leaving balance 58 pounds 10s. 3d.; allowing a
+dividend of 1 pound 10s. per cent., the sum of 6 pounds 0s. 3d. being
+still in hand.  Offices on the same premises are rented by Mr. Reuben
+Roberts, Corn Merchant.
+
+
+
+THE WHELPTON ALMSHOUSES.
+
+
+The Whelpton Almshouses are situated in Queen Street, on its east side,
+being six small residences, for the reception of deserving poor persons,
+natives of the town.  They were established in the year 1861, under the
+following circumstances.
+
+The late Mr. Geo. Whelpton was a shoemaker, occupying a small shop, one
+of several then standing in the Market Place, on or near the site of the
+present Stanhope Memorial; {142a} the whole of these being cleared away
+when the late Honble. Edward Stanhope presented that piece of ground to
+the town, for the enlargement of the Market Place.  He resided in a small
+house in Stonewell Row, but afterwards removed into better premises in
+Queen Street.  While living in Stonewell Row he purchased some furniture
+cheap, at an auction, and in a drawer of one of the articles purchased he
+found a recipe, said to have been written by a Boston doctor, for the
+medicine eventually to become known universally as "Whelpton's Pills" (a
+powerful stomachic, for kidney diseases, &c.), and from the sale of which
+he and other members of his family realised large fortunes. {142b}  His
+wife had been for some time in a bad state of health, and after she had
+consulted various doctors without deriving any benefit from their
+treatment, he decided to try for her the prescription which had thus
+accidentally come into his possession.  The result was so satisfactory
+that other sufferers applied to him for the pills, which for a time he
+freely gave to his neighbours; ultimately, however, these applications
+became so numerous that he was obliged to make a charge.
+
+As he began to realise a considerable income from this source, he gave up
+the shoemaking business, and left Horncastle; his first move being to
+Derby, {142c} where he occupied a residence known as "St. Anne's House,"
+afterwards moving to London, where he, at first, lived in Crane Court,
+Fleet Street, which still continues to be the depot of the pill business.
+He subsequently moved to a better part of the metropolis, taking up his
+residence at 1, Albert Road, Regent's Park, where he remained for several
+years, until he finally settled in Warrior Square, Hastings.
+
+While residing in London his wife {143a} had another illness, from which
+she eventually died, in 1859; and feeling her loss very acutely he
+decided, after a time, to erect the almshouses to her memory. {143b}
+
+          [Picture: West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900]
+
+Among the documents preserved in connection with this charity, is the
+original letter of George Whelpton, dated March 18, 1861, giving
+instructions that the building of the almshouses should be immediately
+taken in hand.  The Indenture itself is dated March 21st, 1861, and among
+its terms are the following: "This agreement is between Richard
+Clitherow, of Horncastle, Gentleman, surviving trustee and executor of
+the will of Samuel Curtis Lomas, late of Blencogo, Co. Cumberland,
+Surgeon, of the first part; George Whelpton, of No. 1, Albert Road,
+Regent's Park, Middlesex, of the second part; and William Thompson
+Whelpton, of No. 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park, Middlesex,
+Gent., and Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, of Upton Park, Slough, Bucks., on
+the third part."  In accordance with this agreement certain lands
+comprising, with others, the future site of the almshouses, situated on
+the east side of what was then called Union Street, the property of the
+said Samuel Curtis Lomas, were acquired through the said Mr. Richard
+Clitherow, for Mr. G. Whelpton, for the purposes of the charity, with the
+above relatives as co-trustees.  The sum of 1,000 pounds was also
+conveyed as endowment of the charity, to the trustees.
+
+It was provided by the agreement that the inmates of the houses should be
+selected from persons who were fit and deserving subjects of the charity,
+indigent, but of good character, not recipients of parish relief, and not
+under 45 years of age; and that any, becoming guilty of immorality,
+should forfeit their privileges.  The power of selection of inmates was
+vested in the trustees, assisted by the vicar and churchwardens of the
+parish; a clause being added, that, in case of the trustees being
+incompetent, by reason of infancy or idiocy, the vicar and churchwardens
+should select.  The weekly allowance to the inmates was to be 3s. 6d.
+
+The agreement to this effect was signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
+said George Whelpton, in the presence of Richard Clitherow, Solicitor,
+and Charles Dee, Solicitor, both of Horncastle.  It was further signed by
+George Whelpton and William Thompson Whelpton, in the presence of Robert
+Cunliffe, Solicitor, of 43, Chancery Lane, London; and by Henry Robert
+Whelpton, in the presence of John Adams Cree, Clerk in Holy Orders, of
+Upton Park, Slough, Bucks.  Appended is a receipt, signed by Richard
+Clitherow, and witnessed by Charles Dee, shewing that, at the date of the
+Indenture, the sum of 101 pounds 5s. was paid by George Whelpton for the
+purchase of the site of the almshouses.
+
+This agreement was examined on Feb. 7th, 1888, in the Court of Justice,
+London, before Mr. Justice Chitty, on an enquiry being made as to the
+estate of William Thompson Whelpton, deceased, at the instance of the
+Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, and Stephen Whelpton; when the Court declared
+that the direction in the will of the testator, as to the endowment of
+the charity, was a "valid charitable bequest of 1,000 pounds," and the
+money "invested in three per cents.  Consols, for the following
+purposes": (1) for the repair of the alms-houses; (2) to pay each
+occupant 3s. 6d. per week; (3) in case of there being any surplus, to pay
+them so much more as the trustees should think fit.  A clause was added,
+empowering the Charity Commissioners, from time to time, to order any
+part of the income to be applied to special purposes, as they might think
+desirable.
+
+We may add that while residing at Hastings, Mr. George Whelpton secured
+two acres of land, at Eastbourne, from the Duke of Devonshire, the owner
+of the whole town, as he is also of Buxton; and at a cost of about 20,000
+pounds, erected and endowed the church and vicarage of St. Saviour's,
+which was held by his youngest son, Henry Robert, who graduated at St.
+John's College, Cambridge, and was afterwards made Canon of Chichester.
+This benefice is private property, and is now held by his son, Henry
+Urling Whelpton, of Pembroke College, Cambridge.
+
+The head of the Whelpton family may now be considered to be the Rev.
+George Whelpton, at one time residing in France, but now of Trinity
+House, Abington, Berks.  The original George Whelpton died in 1903.
+
+For these details the present writer is indebted to several members of
+the Whelpton family, with some of whom he was a fellow pupil at the
+Horncastle Grammar School.
+
+
+
+THE DRILL HALL.
+
+
+The present building is not the first structure erected in connection
+with the Volunteers, any more than the present Volunteers themselves are
+the first institution of the kind formed in Horncastle.  In the early
+years of the 19th century, when there was a general feeling abroad that
+one great project, nurtured in the ambitious mind of the first Napoleon,
+was an invasion of England, volunteers were organized throughout the
+country, with a view to self-defence.  As an instance of this, in the
+town of Pontefract a corps was formed, of which the Earl of Mexborough
+was Colonel Commandant, and George Pyemont, Esq., of Tanshelf House,
+Pontefract (grandfather of the present writer), was Major; {145} the
+records of which are preserved, among other public documents, in
+Pontefract Castle.
+
+        [Picture: Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900]
+
+Similarly, a corps was raised in Horncastle at the same period, of which
+we have somewhat curious evidence in the following.  There exists a small
+pamphlet, which the writer has recently (July, 1908) perused, entitled
+"An address delivered to the Horncastle Volunteers, on Feb. 26, 1804, by
+their chaplain, in consequence of the resignation of some of the members.
+Published by desire of the corps.  Printed by James Weir, Horncastle,
+1804."  In this address he expresses his great regret that so many
+volunteers are resigning "after putting the country to the expense of
+supplying them with clothing and arms, having also pledged themselves to
+the country's defence, and received in return exemption from militia
+service," this too at a time when (as he says) "we are in danger of being
+reduced to a French province."  "No resignations (he continues) have
+taken place in London, in Boston, or in Spilsby."  He reminds them that
+they (the Horncastrians) had been "among the first in the county to offer
+their services," and he urges them still to "maintain their character"
+for loyalty.
+
+In consequence of this appeal a public meeting was called together, at
+which was formed a "Court of Enquiry," consisting of "9 members, 3
+elected from the officers of the corps, and 6 from the non-commissioned
+officers and privates, to whom all proposals of resignation should be
+submitted."  In subsequent pages regulations are added as to keeping
+their weapons in proper condition, orders as to loading their guns, &c.,
+which are described as "firelocks" with "flints."  This we may regard as
+an interesting item of past local history, evidencing the spirit in which
+the first Horncastle Volunteers were formed.
+
+The modern volunteer movement originated in the year 1859, under somewhat
+similar circumstances to the earlier movement.  Notwithstanding our
+ultimate victory in the Crimean war, it was felt that our blunders had
+been most serious, and our military organization far from complete.  War,
+as a science, was assuming new forms; steam was giving to navigation an
+independence of wind and tide, which might lead to invasion unawares.
+The state of our defences was considered most unsatisfactory.  France was
+our ally, but the Emperor Napoleon III. only ruled by popular suffrage,
+and the memories of Waterloo still affected the sentiments of his people
+towards England.  The facility with which England might be invaded was a
+subject of discussion in parliament in the course of the session of that
+year.  Lord Palmerston held the view that France could, within a few
+hours, bring together an army, which could land on our shores and march
+upon London, before we were awake to the danger.  It was our duty to be
+ready for defence against any such surprise, and it was said that "our
+friend" Napoleon would himself welcome such preparedness on our part, as
+giving him the best arguments with his own subjects against any such
+enterprise.
+
+Strengthened by such reasoning, the Earl of Ripon, Under Secretary for
+War, announced that volunteer corps would be enrolled throughout the
+country.  The government plans were published on the first of July, were
+warmly accepted by all parties, and a circular was issued, dated July
+13th, to all the Lieutenants of counties, urging immediate action; and
+forthwith the "nation of shopkeepers" were, as by magic, transformed into
+an armed camp.  So rapid was the progress that by June of the following
+year the cry was "Ready, aye! ready;" and on the 23rd of that month the
+Queen held a review in Hyde Park, at which some 20,000 volunteers passed
+before her.  We are told, as a curious incident, that at that review
+there was present as a newly enrolled private, a Mr. Tower, of Wealdhall,
+Essex, who had also been present, as a private, at a review held under
+the former system in 1803. {146}
+
+The loyal town of Horncastle was not behindhand; a public meeting was
+held in the Bull Hotel, on Aug. 10th, 1859, for the purpose of organizing
+a Rifle Corps, for the district, at which the Deputy Lieutenant attended.
+Among those present were Major Smart, of Tumby, J. Wadham Floyer, of
+Martin Hall, H. F. Conington, Clarence House, Horncastle, Dr. B. J.
+Boulton, Dr. W. Ward, Messrs. W. S. Clitherow, R. C. Armstrong, E.
+Babington, F. Gilliat, F. W. Tweed, J. R. Banks, and most of the chief
+tradesmen and residents in town and neighbourhood.
+
+                          [Picture: The Stanch]
+
+The Muster Roll, which is still preserved, of the corps then formed, and
+designated the "G Company of the 1st Battalion of the Lincolnshire
+Regiment of Volunteers," has at its head the name of Henry Francis
+Conington, as Captain, March 9th, 1860, with Richard W. Clitherow and
+Robert Jalland, as officers under him, at the same date; then follows a
+long list of non-commissioned officers and privates, numbering, in the
+course of a few years, more than 2,000 names.  Captain Conington,
+promoted Major in 1870, was succeeded in due course, on his going abroad,
+by Captain, afterwards Major, Robert Clifton Armstrong, who had begun
+service as Sergeant, and then Lieutenant; having under him, as
+Lieutenants, Messrs. W. Jeffery and W. S. Clitherow, who were succeeded
+by Richard W. Clitherow and Robert C. Isle; with Dr. Hugh George as
+surgeon.
+
+Mr. Arthur Ellwood, of Mareham-le-Fen, who had joined the corps in 1865,
+succeeded to the command in 1891, with Dr. Keogh, of Coningsby, and F. S.
+Dymoke, Esq., as Lieutenants, Dr. Hugh George still acting as Surgeon;
+Ellwood was promoted as Captain in 1891, succeeded to the Colonelcy of
+the head-quarters staff in 1894, and is now Hon. Colonel of the
+Battalion, entitled to wear the regimental uniform.
+
+In 1894 Mr. H. Tweed succeeded to the command as Captain, with Messrs. T.
+Levett and Granville Sharpe acting as Lieutenants (Mr. F. W. S. Heywood,
+of Holbeach Hall, being temporarily attached).  In 1899 Granville Sharpe
+succeeded to the command, but his health failing, he resigned after a
+year's service.  He was succeeded in 1900 by Dr. J. W. Jessop as Captain,
+who had joined in 1895, and was in 1906 promoted Major of the Battalion;
+A. A. Ellwood becoming Lieutenant.  Dr. Herbert A. Howes, who had joined
+in 1900, succeeded in 1906 to the command, which he still holds, 1908.
+
+Senior officers in command of the Battalion have been Col. Amcotts
+(deceased), Col. Seddon (deceased), Col. Preston (deceased), Col. J. G.
+Williams of Lincoln, and at present Col. J. Ruston of Lincoln.  Clergy
+who have served as Chaplains have been Revs. S. Lodge; C. Reginald
+Blathwayt, Vicar of West Ashby; A. Scrivenor, Vicar of Horncastle; H.
+Benwell; and at the present time (1908) Paul O. Ashby, Incumbent of
+Revesby.
+
+Among those who have done good service in the corps, we should mention
+the first Drill Sergeant Beeton, who had previously served in the 22nd
+Regiment of the Line (the Old Cheshire), and afterwards in the South
+Lincolnshire Militia, as Colour Sergeant.  He drilled the corps during
+about 20 years; dying in Horncastle, after about 40 years service.  He
+was followed by Sergt. Major Bartlett; then by Sergeant Doggett, who had
+been Colour Sergeant in the 1st Royal Sussex, and previously to that in
+the 2nd Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment (the old 98th).  He
+still resides in Horncastle.  In later years the post has been held by
+Sergeants Towne, Ashley and Bamber.
+
+As to the buildings connected with the volunteers, their history is
+briefly this: In the early years of the corps' existence drill was
+carried on in the Corn Exchange.  After a time the building adjoining the
+north-east corner of the Wong, which had been a British School, was
+secured; and this, after structural renovation, was used for several
+years as the head-quarters.  It is now in the occupation of Messrs. Danby
+and Cheseldine, Coach Builders; as in 1901 a new site was obtained at the
+south-east corner of the Wong, and here on the 13th day of June in that
+year the foundation stone of the present Drill Hall was laid, with much
+ceremony, by the Earl of Yarborough, supported by other public
+functionaries.  We here give, in full, the official programme of the
+proceedings, which may be worthy of preservation, in memory of this
+important occasion.
+
+                       PROGRAMME OF THE CEREMONIAL
+                            TO BE OBSERVED IN
+                       LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE
+                                  OF THE
+             NEW VOLUNTEER DRILL HALL, THE WONG, HORNCASTLE,
+                 On Thursday, the 13th day of June, 1901.
+
+                      THE STONE WILL BE LAID BY THE
+      RIGHT WORSHIPFUL THE PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER OF LINCOLNSHIRE,
+            THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF YARBOROUGH, P.C., D.L.,
+       Past Grand Warden of England, R.W. Provincial Grand Master;
+                             ASSISTED BY THE
+ WORSHIPFUL THE DEPUTY PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER, BRO. W. H. SISSONS, D.L.,
+                                  J.P.,
+               And Officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge.
+
+                               CEREMONIAL.
+
+   The Members of the Provincial Grand Lodge and Visiting Brethren will
+                             assemble at the
+             Wesleyan Schoolroom, Horncastle, at 12 o'clock.
+
+ A Procession will be formed at 12-15 precisely, in the following order:
+                      Two Tylers, with drawn Swords.
+                            Visiting Brethren.
+  The Lodges of the Province, according to their numbers, Juniors going
+                                  first.
+ The W. Masters of the Olive Union and Shakspeare Lodges, with Trowel and
+                                  Gavel.
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward.   Cornucopiae with Corn    Prov. Grand Steward.
+                              and Salt,
+                         borne by Masters of
+                                Lodges
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward.    Ewers with Wine and     Prov. Grand Steward.
+                                 Oil,
+                         borne by Masters of
+                               Lodges.
+
+                        Past Provincial Grand
+                              Officers.
+
+ The Provincial Grand Superintendent of Works, with the Plate bearing the
+                  inscription for the Foundation Stone.
+                        Provincial Grand Officer.
+                  Provincial Grand Deacons, with Wands.
+   Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer, with Phial containing Coins to be
+                         deposited in the Stone.
+     The Corinthian Light, borne by the Master of the Franklin Lodge.
+ The Column of the Junior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the Master of
+                            the Witham Lodge.
+           The Junior Provincial Grand Warden, with Plumb Rule.
+         The Doric Light, borne by the Master of the Doric Lodge.
+ The Column of the Senior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the Master of
+                         the Pelham Pillar Lodge.
+The Senior Provincial Grand Warden, with the Level.  The Provincial Grand
+             Chaplains, bearing the Volume of the Sacred Law.
+       The Provincial Grand Secretary, with Book of Constitutions.
+  The Provincial Grand Standard Bearers, with Banner of Provincial Grand
+                                  Lodge.
+                      Provincial Grand Sword Bearer.
+           The W. Deputy Provincial Grand Master, with Square.
+      The Ionic Light, borne by the Master of the Yarborough Lodge.
+
+ Prov. Grand Steward     The R.W.  Provincial    Prov. Grand Steward.
+                            Grand Master.
+
+                   Provincial Grand Tyler, with Sword.
+
+On arrival at the site, the Brethren will divide right and left, allowing
+   the R.W P.G.M. preceded by the Sword Bearers followed by the Acting
+  Officers, to pass to their positions, and the brethren will then file
+                        round the Acting Officers.
+ The W.M. of the Olive Union Lodge will then request the Provincial Grand
+                   Master to lay the Foundation Stone.
+   The Deputy Provincial Grand Master will deliver the Ancient Opening
+                                 Address.
+
+                                  HYMN--
+
+                       Hail!  Eternal! by whose aid
+                      All created things were made,
+                    Heaven and earth Thy vast design,
+                        Hear us, Architect Divine!
+
+                       May our work, begun in thee,
+                        Ever blest with ORDER be;
+                     And may we, when labours cease,
+                        Part in HARMONY and PEACE.
+
+                        By Thy glorious Majesty--
+                     By the TRUST we place in Thee--
+                      By the badge and Mystic sign--
+                Hear us, Architect Divine!  So mote it be.
+
+             The Provincial Grand Chaplin will offer Prayer.
+
+        The Architect will then present the Plans for Inspection.
+
+ The Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer will then deposit the Coins, &c.,
+                       in the cavity of the stone.
+
+  The Provincial Grand Secretary will read aloud the inscription on the
+                          Stone and Plate, which
+                     will then be placed in position.
+
+The W. Master, 1304, will then present the Trowel to the P.G.M., who will
+                            adjust the cement,
+     and the upper stone will be lowered, with three distinct stops.
+
+   The R.W. the P.G.M. will now prove the just position and form of the
+  stone by the Plumb Rule, Level, and Square, which will be successively
+   handed to him by the P.G. Junior Warden, the P.G. Senior Warden, and
+Deputy Provincial Grand Master.  Being satisfied in these particulars, he
+will give the stone three knocks with the Mallet, which will be delivered
+               to him by the Grand Superintendent of Works.
+
+  The Cornucopiae, containing the Corn and Salt, and the Ewers, with the
+ Wine and Oil, will next be handed to the R.W. the P.G.M., who will strew
+  the Corn and Salt, and pour the Wine and Oil over the stone, with the
+                          accustomed ceremonies.
+
+                     Invocation by the P.G. Chaplain.
+
+ The R.W. the P.G.M. having inspected the Plan of the intended building,
+ will deliver the same to the Architect, together with the several tools
+   used in proving the position of the stone, and desire him to proceed
+  without loss of time to the completion of the Work, in conformity with
+                                the Plan.
+
+                 The following Hymn will then be sung:--
+
+                    God of Light! whose love unceasing
+                      Doth to all Thy works extend,
+                    Crown our Order with Thy blessing.
+                      Build--sustain us to the end.
+
+                      Humbly now we bow before Thee,
+                      Grateful for Thine aid Divine;
+                       Everlasting power and glory,
+                Mighty Architect, be Thine.  So mote it be
+
+   The Procession will return in inverse order to the P.G. Lodge Room.
+
+This hall is a spacious and lofty building, well adapted for its purpose,
+and also (as it is frequently used) for theatricals, and other
+entertainments; having a permanent stage, dressing rooms, lavatories,
+&c., with a commodious kitchen attached, and every convenience for
+cooking, &c.  The cost of the whole was about 2,000 pounds, raised by
+public subscriptions.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &c.
+
+
+MISS ANNIE DIXON.
+
+
+Miss Annie Dixon, the artist, was a native of Horncastle of whom the town
+may well be proud.  She was the eldest daughter of a corn chandler,
+living on the Spilsby Road, now called East Street; he had two sons and
+five daughters.  We know nothing of the sons, but Miss Annie early
+developed great taste in water-colour painting; and among her early
+productions was a miniature of a near relative of the present writer,
+done in 1855.  Another of Miss H. A. Palmer, eldest daughter of Captain
+Moffat Palmer, of Horncastle, and widow of the late George Storer, Esq.,
+of Thoroton Hall, Notts., late M.P. for S. Notts., was done about the
+same time.  She afterwards removed to London, and became the first
+miniature painter of her day; was a frequent exhibitor in the Royal
+Academy, and a favourite with Queen Victoria and the Royal family, of
+most of whom she painted miniatures.  She died unmarried Feb 15th, 1901,
+aged 83, and was buried in the Horncastle cemetery.
+
+Another daughter, Leonora, married a Mr. F. Stapleforth, of Holbeach.
+Two other sisters, Fanny and Emily, unmarried, carried on a ladies'
+school at Spalding; and another, Charlotte, married a former Under Master
+of the Horncastle Grammar School, Rev. W. Hutchinson, who in 1862 was
+appointed by the Lord Chancellor Vicar of Howden, in Yorkshire.  Of these
+Emily, died unmarried, May 28th, 1903, aged 80, and was also buried in
+the cemetery; as well as Charlotte (Mrs. Hutchinson), who died Oct. 19th,
+in the same year, aged 73.  Their graves are situated to the east of the
+chapel.
+
+
+
+LORD ALLERTON.
+
+
+Lord Allerton, formerly Mr. William Lawnes Jackson, is a member of a
+Horncastle family.  A near relative was a well-known object, a few years
+ago, in our streets as a cripple, going about on a donkey, lying flat on
+a large saddle or "pad," his only means of locomotion.  Lord Allerton's
+father, William Jackson, left Horncastle for Leeds, somewhere in the
+"thirties," or the "forties," going it is said, with only half a
+sovereign in his pocket, given by an aunt, and a spare shirt given by an
+uncle.  At Leeds he found employment in the tanyard of a Mr. Robert
+Barker, where he presently became foreman.  He afterwards returned to
+Horncastle and worked in the tanyard of the late Mr. Hawling; but went
+back to Leeds and commenced tanning on his own account, at Meanwood near
+Leeds, and afterwards on a still larger scale at Buslingthorpe.  He
+speedily began to prosper, and in due course was succeeded by his son;
+who made a large fortune in the same business.  He became a magistrate of
+Leeds, and was elected to the Mayoralty in 1895.  He represented North
+Leeds in Parliament for many years, as a conservative, being first
+elected in April, 1880, and re-elected five times, with ever increasing
+majorities.  He was for many years a Director and Chairman of G.N.R.
+Company, and held other public offices.  In 1896 he succeeded Mr. A. J.
+Balfour, under Lord Salisbury's administration, as Chief Secretary for
+Ireland, being also, for several years, Financial Secretary of the
+Treasury; and was raised to the peerage in June, 1902.  He was born in
+1840, married in 1860, Grace, the only daughter of George Tempest, Esq.
+He owns, as his country seat, Allerton Hall, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, and
+27, Cadogan Square, as his town residence.  His uncle, Mr. John Green,
+still lives in Horncastle, on the Edlington Road.
+
+
+
+EDWARD GILLIAT.
+
+
+Edward Gilliat was the eldest son of the late Mr. George Gilliat, of the
+Manor House (now called "Banovallum"), by his second wife.  He was
+educated partly at the Grammar School, being afterwards a pupil of Canon
+Sanderson, at Seaford, Sussex.  He entered at Pembroke College, Oxford,
+where he obtained a scholarship in 1861.  In 1862 he took a 1st class in
+Classical Moderations, and 1st Literae Humaniores, 1864.  In 1867 he was
+_Proxime accessit_ for the Latin essay.  He was appointed Assistant
+Master at Westminster School, Sept., 1867, holding the post to Dec.,
+1870.  He was ordained deacon in 1870 and priest in 1871, by the Bishop
+of London.  In Sep. 1871, he was appointed Assistant Master at Harrow,
+where he remained till 1900.  He has been a voluminous writer, publishing
+his first work, _Asylum Christi_, 3 vols., in 1875; _On the Wolds_, 1879;
+_Under the Downs_, 1882; _Forest Outlaws_, 1886; _John Standish_, 1889;
+_In Lincoln Green_, 1893; _Wolf Head_, 1898; _The King's Reeve_, 1899;
+_Romance of Modern Sieges_, 1907; and _God save King Alfred_, in the same
+year.  He also published, for the S.P.C.K., _Dorothy Dymoke_, and
+_Champion of the Right_.  He has now retired from scholastic work and
+resides at St. Catherine's Hill, Worcester.
+
+
+
+FREDERICK GROSVENOR.
+
+
+We have already in our notice of the Grammar School (p. 98) given an
+account of the Rev. Francis Grosvenor, son of an ironmonger in the town;
+there was also another son, Frederick, educated under Dr. J. Bainbridge
+Smith, at the school, who graduated at Oxford, and was ordained deacon in
+1860, and priest in 1861.  He held a curacy at Basford, Notts, 1860-62;
+was travelling Chaplain to the Bishop of Brisbane, 1862-65; Curate of
+Holy Trinity, Westminster, 1866-67; of St. Mary's, Hulme, Manchester,
+1867-69; of St. Gabriel's, Canning Town, London, 1869-73; at Dudley,
+1874-76; and at Hornsea, near Hull, 1876-85; when he, like his brother
+Francis, retired to Epsom, and succeeded him as Chaplain to the Union
+there, until his decease.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM BARTON CAPARN.
+
+
+Mr. John Caparn, Chemist, having a shop in the High Street (now occupied
+by Mr. Herbert Carlton), had a son, William Barton Caparn, who graduated
+at Brazenose College, Oxford, taking honours, in 1843.  He was ordained
+deacon in 1843, and priest in 1845, in the diocese of Ripon.  He became
+Vicar of East and West Torrington, near Wragby, in 1846, which he held
+till 1859.  He held the benefice, as Vicar, of Drayton, Somersetshire,
+from 1866 to 1875.  Having private means, he gave up that benefice, and
+became Curate of Angersleigh, in the same county, 1877-79; which he then
+gave up, and undertook the Chaplaincy of the Taunton Union, and local
+hospital.  These he resigned after a few years, and resided at Taunfield
+House, Taunton, until his death, April 10th, 1892.  He published various
+minor works; the first being a small volume on _Epitaphs_, later
+productions were _Meditations to be used in Church before Divine
+Service_; _Councils and warnings before and after Confirmation_, &c.
+
+George Gilliat, Esq., late of The Wharf, Horncastle, married, as his
+first wife, Miss Caparn, a sister.  Miss Helen Caparn, another sister,
+married Mr. William Sharples, Surgeon, a partner of the late Mr. T.
+Snaith, of Horncastle, and one of the first doctors at Woodhall Spa.  Mr.
+Sharples left Horncastle for Wisbech, being appointed by the trustees
+first resident physician at the hospital founded in that town by Miss
+Trafford Southwell.  Losing an only daughter while there, the shock was
+so great, that he resigned the post, and removed to Taunton, and took up
+there the practice of a deceased brother, which he carried on until his
+death, Feb. 8th, 1897.  At Horncastle he resided for some years in the
+old vicarage, south of the churchyard, afterwards moving to the house
+next the "Fighting Cocks" Inn, called "Westholme House."  For some years
+he was a very popular Secretary to the Southwold Hunt.
+
+
+
+W. H. BENSON BROWN.
+
+
+Among more recent natives of Horncastle, who have distinguished
+themselves, is the son of the late Mr. Robert Brown, of the Market Place.
+He graduated at University College, Durham, as Licentiate in Theology,
+1887, and was ordained deacon in 1890, priest in 1891, holding the curacy
+of North Ormsby, near Middlesborough; and was appointed Rector of
+Bucknall, near Horncastle, in 1898, by the patron his father-in-law, the
+late Mr. James Dunham, Merchant, of Horncastle.  He was appointed
+Inspector of Schools, 1899.  Mr. Benson Brown is an energetic worker, has
+restored his church, adding a carved reredos of oak, a handsome lectern,
+and filling the east window with good stained glass.  He has also
+introduced various reforms and improvements in the parish.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM HENEAGE SHARP.
+
+
+Another native of Horncastle, who has already done credit to the town is
+the son of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, in the Bull Ring; of a very old
+firm, established in 1760, and doing an European business.  William
+Heneage Sharp was educated at the local Grammar School, 1885-9, where he
+gained the first scholarship granted by the Governors, under the reformed
+system.  He then went to the college at Framlingham, Suffolk, 1889-90, a
+county institution founded as a memorial of the late Prince Consort, and
+there gained several prizes.  He then became a Junior Master in a private
+school at Devizes; and during his stay there took the 2nd and 4th prizes
+at the College of Preceptors.  He next accepted a Mastership at John
+Ellis's endowed school in South London (Gospel Oak).  After which he
+studied at King's College, London, 1899-1901, where he gained the Jelf
+prize for Dogmatic Theology, the Senior Wordsworth prize for Latin, and
+the Barry Divinity Prize.  He was also appointed Precentor, and
+afterwards Dean, of the college, being senior student of his year, and
+taking a first-class in the final examination.  He was ordained by the
+Bishop of London, in St. Paul's Cathedral, in 1901, being appointed
+"Gospellor" on the occasion.  He was Curate of Staines, Middlesex,
+1901-3, removing afterwards to St. John the Evangelist, Holborn, 1903-8;
+and was then appointed Theological Tutor and Sub-Warden at the College of
+the Resurrection, Mirfield, in the Diocese of Ripon.
+
+
+
+ALFRED H. HEALEY.
+
+
+A youth of Horncastle who has distinguished himself, though chiefly in
+another line, is Alfred H. Healey, son of the late Mr. Alfred Healey,
+Brewer and Merchant, of Horncastle, Branston and Lincoln.  He was
+appointed to a Mastership of Ardingly College, Sussex, but removed to
+Alnwick College more recently.  A member of a family remarkable for their
+ability; a brother, though still young, being high up in the Civil
+Service; he is specially distinguished as an athlete.  Among his
+performances are the following:
+
+Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906, 2nd in 110 metres hurdle race.
+
+English Championship, 120 yards hurdle race, at Manchester, 1907, 2nd.
+
+Northern Counties' 100 yards Championship, hurdle race, Darlington, 1905,
+2nd.
+
+Northern Counties' Champion, 100 yards, at Batley, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties' Champion, 120 yards, at Batley, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties' Champion, 220 yards, at Darlington, 1907, 1st.
+
+Northern Counties' Champion, long jump, at Darlington, 1907, 1st.
+
+A record, no one before having won more than two events.  His "bests"
+have been: 100 yards in 10 seconds; 120 yards (hurdles) 16 and
+three-fifth seconds; 220 yards (hurdles) 23 seconds; high jump, 5-ft.
+8-in.; long jump, 22-ft. 4-in.  He was also selected to represent England
+in the foot races at the Franco-British Exhibition, at Shepherd's Bush,
+1908.
+
+
+
+WILLIAM MARWOOD.
+
+
+Horncastle had, for some years, the dubious honour of being the home of
+the public hangman.  William Marwood was born at Goulceby, about six
+miles from Horncastle, and afterwards lived some years in Old
+Bolingbroke, coming to Horncastle about 1860; where he was a shoemaker,
+having a small shop in Church Street, now occupied by Mr. Joseph Borrill,
+of the same trade.  Before being himself appointed hangman he assisted
+his predecessor in that office, Calcraft, and succeeded him in 1872;
+continuing the duties until his death, Sept. 4th, 1883; when he in turn
+was succeeded by Bartholomew Binns.  He was rather short in stature, with
+large square head and large hands, indicative of firmness of character.
+His first official act was to hang a man named Francis Horry, at Lincoln,
+who murdered his wife at Boston, in 1872; his last was to hang a man,
+James Burton, at Durham, who murdered his young wife, aged only 18, from
+jealousy.  On this occasion the man fainted on the scaffold, and got
+entangled with the rope under his arm, and Marwood had to lift him in his
+arms to get him disentangled, and then drop the unconscious man down--a
+painful scene. {155}  This was only about a fortnight before his own
+death.  Among his last executions was that of Charles Peace, a notorious
+burglar, who shot a man at Banner Cross, near Sheffield.  In May, 1882,
+he went to Dublin to execute the perpetrators of the Phoenix Park
+murders, three Fenians, who shot Lord E. Cavendish, and his secretary,
+Mr. Burke.  In his last illness, which was short, it was suspected that
+his health had been in some way injured through Fenian agency, and a post
+mortem examination was held by order of the Home Secretary, but a verdict
+was returned of "natural death."  Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, of the Bull
+Ring, was one of the jury on this occasion.
+
+Marwood's wife was, for some years, ignorant of her husband's official
+occupation, as he generally accounted for his absence by saying that he
+had to go away to settle some legal question.  Visiting the
+slaughter-house of a neighbouring butcher, he observed to him that he
+could "do" for men as the butcher did for cattle, because the men whom he
+had to deal with were themselves "beasts."
+
+Some of Marwood's official paraphernalia are still preserved at the
+Portland Arms Inn, Portland Street, Lincoln, where he generally stayed at
+an execution.  The late Mr. Charles Chicken, who resided in Foundry
+Street, Horncastle, had a rope 1.25-in. thick, given him by Marwood, with
+which he had hanged six or seven criminals.  Other ropes used by him are
+in Madam Tussaud's exhibition, in Baker Street, London, where there is
+also a bust of himself.  He used to exhibit his ropes to foreign
+horse-dealers, who attended the great August Fair at Horncastle, at a
+charge of 6d. each.  There was recently a portrait of Marwood, in
+crayons, in a barber's shop, 29, Bridge Street, drawn by J. S. Lill,
+postman, but this has now disappeared.  Marwood's favourite dog, Nero,
+and other effects were sold by auction, after his death in 1883, by Mr.
+W. B. Parish.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Other Horncastrians whose lives, or circumstances, were more or less
+exceptional, may be here also briefly noticed.
+
+
+
+HENRY TURNER.
+
+
+Mr. Henry Turner, about the middle of the 19th century, was a corn and
+coal merchant, and also land agent for Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., of
+Scrivelsby Court.  He occupied the house at the corner of South Street,
+next the water side, then a private residence, but now the shop of Mr. F.
+Stuchbery, Ironmonger.  He married the widow of Arthur Thistlewood, a
+native of Horsington, noted, in his later years, as the leader of the
+"Cato Street Conspiracy," which proposed to assassinate the ministers of
+the government, in London, when attending a dinner at Lord Harrowby's
+residence, in February, 1820.  The plot was discovered and frustrated,
+and Thistlewood, with others of his guilty confreres, was executed on May
+1st in that year.  Mrs. Turner was the daughter of a butcher, named
+Wilkinson, whose shop was situated in the High Street, where is now the
+shop of Mr. Uriah Spratt.
+
+
+
+MARTIN BROWN.
+
+
+Mr. Martin Brown, grandfather of Mr. W. H. Brown, Plumber and Glazier, of
+Church Lane, was in the early part of the 19th century captured by the
+press gang in Horncastle, and made to serve in H.M.S. Mars, in the war
+with Napoleon.  In one contest his ship was lashed to a French
+man-of-war, to fight it out, and his captain was killed.  He survived to
+tell the story till 90 years of age, with scarcely a day's illness, until
+his death, Nov. 9th, 1866.  He lies buried in Holy Trinity churchyard,
+his wife, who predeceased him by several years, being buried in St.
+Mary's churchyard, on the south-east side.
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN SHEPHERD.
+
+
+Captain Shepherd, an old naval officer, lived many years, and died, in
+Union Street, now called Queen Street.  He had had many voyages and
+experiences, which he was fond of recounting to his many friends.  He had
+brought home many trophies and curiosities; among other things he gave an
+Indian bow, made of sugar cane, and poisoned arrows, to the present
+writer, when a boy.
+
+
+
+MISS FRANKLIN.
+
+
+In the next house to Captain Shepherd resided Miss Franklin, sister of
+the great arctic navigator, Sir John Franklin.  Much interest was taken
+in Horncastle in the fate of Sir John, when absent on his last polar
+voyage, and considerable sums were raised, more than once, among the
+residents in the town, to assist Lady Franklin in sending out vessels in
+search of her husband, under the command of Captain Leopold MacClintock
+and others.  We have mentioned elsewhere that a public dinner was given
+to Sir John, at the Bull Hotel, just before he sailed for the last time
+to the north.
+
+In connection with this it may be added that the son of another great
+arctic explorer, Sir John Ross, used to visit friends in Horncastle, and
+is still remembered.  Sir John Ross sailed in search of Sir John Franklin
+in 1848, but was unsuccessful.
+
+
+
+EDMUND KEANE.
+
+
+Edmund Keane, the Tragedian visited Horncastle with his company, in the
+first half of the 19th century, and acted in a large building, which is
+now the warehouse of Mr. Herbert Carlton, Chemist.  The mother of Mr.
+Henry Sharp, Saddler, and the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary's
+Square, among others, witnessed these performances.  In connection with
+this, it may be added, that Mr. Charles Keane, Actor, son of the above,
+sent two nieces to be educated at a ladies' school, kept by Mrs.
+Nicholson, Bank Street, Horncastle, and on their leaving he made her a
+present of a valuable pianoforte.
+
+
+
+AMBROSE LANGLEY.
+
+
+About 30 years ago Robert Langley kept an inn in South Street, called the
+"Coach and Horses," on the premises now occupied by Mr. Crowson, Grocer.
+His son, Ambrose Langley, became a noted footballer, in Horncastle and
+neighbourhood.  He afterwards left the town and joined the Grimsby Town
+Football Club; subsequently he went to Middlesborough, Yorkshire, playing
+for the Ironopolis Football Club.  He afterwards joined the Sheffield
+Wednesday Football Club, which team he was with eight years, being
+captain three years; playing in the final for the English Cup, for that
+team, when they beat Wolverhampton Wanderers by two goals to one, in
+1896.  Leaving Sheffield Wednesday he became manager of the Hull City
+Football Club, which position he now (season 1907-8) holds.
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN SURGEON SMITH.
+
+
+Captain Surgeon Smith, son of a draper, Mr. Walker Smith, who occupied,
+about 25 years ago, the shop near the Post Office, on the south side of
+the High Street, now occupied by Mr. Redmore, enlisted as a private in
+the Army Hospital Corps; and, afterwards, passing all examinations with
+credit, he rose from the ranks to become medical officer in the corps; an
+exceptional instance of such promotion.
+
+
+
+HENRY ALLENBY.
+
+
+Henry Allenby, son of a fellmonger, Mr. Richard Allenby, residing near
+the Wong, and having a tanyard on the Lincoln Road, became an assistant
+chemist at St. Albans.  Afterwards coming under notice, in a chemist's
+shop in London, he was selected to accompany the Duke of Edinburgh in his
+tour round the world, in H.M.S. Galatea, as dispenser to the expedition.
+This was in 1866; and in this capacity he visited India, Japan, China,
+Australia, &c.
+
+
+
+JOHN SCHOFIELD.
+
+
+Mr. Robert Schofield, Landlord (in the middle of the last century) of the
+Saracen's Head Inn, Bridge Street, Horncastle, had a son, John, who left
+Horncastle for London, and became a member of the Stock Exchange, where,
+from small beginnings, he became so successful in business, that he
+eventually married a daughter of Bishop Blomfield, of London.
+
+
+
+MISS ROBINSON.
+
+
+The Rev. W. Robinson, Vicar of Wood Enderby and Wilkesby, in the middle
+of the 19th century, like several other clergy, who at that time had no
+country residences, lived in Horncastle.  His daughter, happening to be
+of the same size and figure as Queen Victoria, was for several years
+engaged in the Queen's service, as a living model, on whom were "tried"
+all dresses intended for the Queen.  In return for this she received, as
+a perquisite, her Majesty's cast-off dresses, from the sale of which she
+realised an acceptable income.  It is said that, through her, on the
+marriage of a lady friend, the dresses of both bride and bridesmaids were
+all royal attire.  It was generally understood that this appointment was
+due to the representations, in her favour, of Miss Annie Dixon, the
+artist (herself a native of Horncastle, mentioned elsewhere), who was at
+that time a _grata persona_ with the royal family.
+
+
+
+JOHN CUSSONS.
+
+
+Mr. John Cussons, son of the late Mr. John Cussons, Baker, in the Bull
+Ring, and nephew of the late Mr. David Cussons, Printer and Bookseller,
+High Street, Horncastle, ran away before his apprenticeship had expired,
+and went to America, settling in the Confederate States.  He there
+espoused the Confederate cause against the Federals, and took a leading
+part in the civil war, commanding Confederate forces in several important
+engagements.  Since that time he has visited Horncastle, and has
+published a history of his military operations.  He now resides on his
+own property, at Forest Lodge, Glen Allen, Virginia.  His last
+publication, in 1908, is _Jack Sterry_, _the Jessie Scout_.  He is also
+the author of _A Glance at Current History_, _The Passage of the
+Thoroughfare Gap_, _Some Modern Pillars of State_, _Principles of
+Cryptiography_, _Assimilating the Indian_, &c.
+
+
+
+HENRY ALLISON.
+
+
+Henry Allison, son of Mr. Allison, Miller, formerly residing in West
+Street, married a daughter of Mr. David Cussons, and leaving the town
+about 1848, settled in Hull, where he established a large business as
+paper manufacturer.  He was elected Mayor of Hull; and died some years
+ago, leaving a widow, who resides in a large mansion, which he built on
+the outskirts of the town, Marlborough House, Anlaby Road.  The business,
+with several branches, is still carried on by members of his family.
+
+
+
+JOHN BROWN.
+
+
+John Brown, the "Poet Laureate" of Horncastle, has already been
+mentioned; he is chiefly known by the volume _Literae Laureatoe_,
+published in 1890, dedicated to Lord Tennyson, by permission, and
+containing most of his poetical productions.  These are remarkable for
+his knowledge of Lincolnshire dialect and local folk-lore.  The volume
+was published, after his death, on behalf of his widow.
+
+He was born in the first workhouse, adjoining St. Mary's churchyard, his
+parents being in charge of that institution.  Being first apprenticed to
+a cabinet maker, Mr. J. Williams, when only just "in his teens," he ran
+away to Hull, and took service on a vessel, the Margaret, bound for
+Cronstadt.  His first voyage, however, was sufficient to disgust him with
+marine life.  When about 15 he found employment with a theatrical scene
+painter from London, who settled in Horncastle.  He afterwards went to
+London to learn his trade as a house decorator.  He married in 1833 a
+Miss Gainsborough, of Alford.  In 1838 he went to Lincoln, and for some
+years carried on his trade there.  In 1848 he returned to Horncastle, and
+still carrying on his trade, became a member of a literary coterie, who
+used to hold meetings in the coffee room of the Bull Hotel.  In 1860 he
+bought a house on the Louth Road, which he opened as the Globe Inn, and
+which became the resort of his literary friends.  Literature, however,
+did not conduce to business.  In 1872 his health failing, and his savings
+having evaporated, he was granted a residence in the Whelpton Almshouses,
+where he continued to employ his pen, in comfort, until his death in
+1890. {159}
+
+
+
+THOMAS BAKER.
+
+
+The late Mr. Thomas Baker has already been referred to, but is worthy of
+a fuller account.  He was not a native of Horncastle, but lived in the
+town more than 60 years, and became so identified with its interests, in
+many ways, that he may well be regarded as one of its "worthies."  Born
+in 1814, at Braintree, in Essex, he was the son of a veterinary surgeon
+in that town, his family having previously there owned the once
+well-known coaching house, named The Horn Inn; although earlier members
+of his family had occupied a higher position; one of them, named
+Thorowgood, having founded the Grammar School at Oxford.
+
+Before coming to Horncastle, in 1841, Mr. Baker was known on more than
+one county cricket ground, and had distinguished himself on the
+University ground at Cambridge, "Parker's Piece."  On coming to
+Horncastle he immediately made his mark in cricket as a round-hand
+bowler; and the leading young men of the neighbourhood became his pupils.
+One of his feats was, in a match between an 11 of All England and 22
+gentlemen of the county; when he bowled out, with his first ball,
+Iddison, Captain of the All England team.  The great matches in which he
+took part for many years were too many to tell.  Among other things he
+had the distinction of being employed by Sir Evelyn Wood to train a
+village club in his parish.
+
+Besides his cricketing skill he was remarkable for his ventriloquial
+powers; and the story was told, that, while sitting in conversation with
+two strangers, at the Bull Hotel, he threw his voice under the table.
+The two sprang up to catch the supposed eavesdropper, when he at once
+calmed them by throwing his voice in another direction, and then letting
+them into the secret.  He was also, in his way, a fair actor; and, with
+the late Mr. John Brown, the Horncastle Laureate, and others, he helped
+to amuse considerable audiences, in town and neighbourhood.  In comedy he
+could take all the parts himself, rapidly changing his dress, and at one
+moment adopting the high falsetto tones of an old crone, and the next
+moment speaking in the deeper accents of a strong man.  It is greatly to
+his credit that, only having for many years a small shop, famed chiefly
+for his two specialites, "bull eyes" and "Grantham ginger-bread," he
+brought up a large family, who have taken good positions in various parts
+of the country.  He was a staunch conservative and churchman.
+
+In his later years he was often visited by strangers, who were
+entertained by his fund of anecdote and cricketing reminiscences.  Among
+these we may name the novelist, Miss Marie Corelli, who, while staying at
+Woodhall Spa, sought his acquaintance, as being one of the "characters"
+of the neighbourhood, and to his delight she gave him her autograph.  Mr.
+J. J. Hissey, the author of _A Driving Tour in Lincolnshire_, also
+visited him at his house in Horncastle, and says of him "although wearing
+a shabby garb, he struck me with his perfect self-possession, and
+superior manners. . . .  I have met many characters, but Mr. Baker struck
+me as being the most remarkable."  He died Feb. 12th, 1903, aged 88; and
+in his last illness letters poured in upon him from old friends and
+pupils, expressing their sympathy and their pleasant recollections of his
+company.
+
+
+
+ODDITIES.
+
+
+To these "worthies" of the town we here add two or three of its
+"oddities."  About 1844 Billy Boulton, who kept an inn in Millstone
+Street, now called North Street, named the Tom Cat, was noted for his
+great strength; for a wager he dragged a "dung cart" on the turnpike
+road, from Lincoln, to his own yard in Horncastle, a distance of over 21
+miles.  It is said, however, that he suffered from rupture for the rest
+of his life, as a consequence of the great and continued exertion
+involved in this feat.  The inn is now named The Cricketers' Arms, but it
+may be noticed that the figure of a cat is still engraven on a pane of
+the front window.
+
+The same man bought the wife of a man named Rogers, a boatman, who put
+her up for auction, standing on a tub, with a halter round her neck, in
+the public street; the price paid being 20 pounds.  She had a son and
+daughter by Boulton, who both lived to be married, but died early.  In
+after years, having lost her (so called) husband, Boulton, she removed to
+Lincoln, and there meeting her former husband, Rogers, she became
+reconciled to him, and both again lived together, as man and wife, until
+death. {160}
+
+A man, known as Aty Rushton (short for Horatio), who lived in Horncastle,
+on the West Ashby Road, about the same period, and let out horses on
+hire, being in Lincoln, laid a wager that he would set off from Lincoln,
+above hill, just after the moon rose, and ride to Horncastle, 21 miles,
+before the moon should rise there; which would be later, the town being
+in a hollow, with a steep hill in the west to hide the moon for some
+time; while Lincoln is on a hill, with a view to the west over low
+county, where the moon would be seen earlier.  He rode a swift animal of
+his own. and strained all its powers in the effort.  Unfortunately there
+was then a toll bar on the Lincoln road about a mile from Horncastle,
+where he found the gate closed, and was delayed two or three minutes
+before the keeper could pass him through.  He pressed on with all speed,
+galloping through the town, shouting in his excitement "Now me! now
+moon!"; but as he dashed into his own yard, he saw the moon shining in a
+bucket of water, standing by the stable door.  The delay at the toll-bar
+had lost him his wager.
+
+A son of the above, Thomas Rushton, was a great fisherman, and not always
+particular where he followed his sport.  Walking in the night to a
+certain lake in a park, about 6 miles from Horncastle, he fished it and
+landed two or three brace of good trout, and then about eight o'clock in
+the morning, he called at the hall, and sold them to the squire for his
+breakfast.  He used to tell this anecdote to his confidants, with his
+well-known chuckle of satisfaction, as a satisfactory stroke of business.
+Many other stories of his performances with "the angle" could be also
+related, but this may suffice.
+
+The following relates not to a native of Horncastle, but to one whom we
+may call an "intruder," although he was to play his part (not a very
+creditable one) in the town.  We avoid, for obvious reasons, giving names
+and dates.  There had occurred a number of petty thefts, which made,
+those who possessed anything of value, uneasy about their treasures, lest
+their turn for spoliation might come next.  The police arrangements for
+the town were still of a very primitive character, and quite inadequate
+for due protection of the householder.  The days of the "bobby" and
+"peeler" were not yet, at least in country districts; although Sir Robert
+Peel had done away with the old watchman, and established the present
+police system in the metropolis; and some other of our larger towns had
+followed suit.  But in Horncastle the constable, by way of setting a
+thief to catch a thief, had, it was said, himself in his earlier years
+been a great smuggler, while in his age he was a spindle-shanked old man,
+whom a boy could knock down.  Roused by the insecurity of property, the
+authorities decided to import a London detective, disguised in plain
+clothes.  He came, and for a while marauders, among whom the secret soon
+leaked out, carefully stayed their hands.  After a time, however,
+robberies began to recur; especially a corner shop near "the far bridge,"
+was the scene of considerable pilfering.  The detective was called in to
+investigate.  He took up the matter, but did not succeed in making any
+arrests.
+
+It was noticed by someone that a brass button was missing from the sort
+of gamekeeper's velveteen coat which he wore; and, strange to say, a
+button of the exact kind was found behind the counter of the shop where
+the thefts occurred.  No public action was taken in the matter, but it
+came to be strongly suspected that the professional thief-taker had
+himself been guilty of thieving.  Other suspicious circumstances
+occurred, but he was a clever man, and nothing was brought home against
+him.  It was believed, however, that something of the truth had become
+known at head quarters, as his appointment was a few months later
+cancelled, and he was not appointed elsewhere.  He continued to reside in
+Horncastle and, having no employment, he accepted the post of water
+bailiff to the local angling association, which he filled for some time,
+until he eventually disappeared from the scene of his labours, which were
+thought by not a few to be somewhat "fishy" in the unfavourable sense of
+being at least questionable in their nature.
+
+He had not left the town very long when it became known that certain
+parties had received from him some of the goods which had disappeared
+from the grocer's shop, which had been robbed.  Sundry hams were found
+concealed in a hay loft, and it was generally believed that the robbery
+of an inn in the town, not far from the shop in question, as well as
+other thefts in the country around, had been perpetrated by him.
+
+
+
+PUBLICHOUSES
+
+
+One of the remarkable features of Horncastle is the number of its
+publichouses, and these were far more numerous formerly than at the
+present day.  This was, of course, mainly due to the great number of
+dealers who attended the horse fairs, not only from all parts of England
+and Ireland, but from most countries on the continent; especially the
+great August fair, which formerly lasted no less than three weeks.  The
+present facilities for rapid travel, by rail, and quicker means of
+communication, which now enable dealers to hear of horses for sale, and
+to visit them in their owners stables, before they are brought to the
+fair, has altered all this, and the fairs now last only a few days at the
+most.
+
+These publichouses had also generally attached to them large yards, and
+extensive stabling (as may still be seen), where the best horses were
+shewn and tried, without appearing in the streets.  In consequence of the
+reduced need for such accommodation many of these publichouses have
+disappeared.  Among the names of those which have been lost, are the
+Royal Oak, the Peal of Bells, Cock and Breeches, Chequers, Hammer and
+Pincers, Dolphin, Pack Horse, Woolpack, Fox and Goose, Marquis of Granby,
+Blue Bell, Horseshoes, Axe and Cleaver, Three Maids' Heads, Queen's Head,
+the George, and others which are only traditionally remembered. {162}
+
+Several of these were almost contiguous.  For instance, on the west side
+of the market, on the site of No. 1, now (1908) occupied by Mr. R. W.
+Clitherow, formerly stood a good-sized publichouse, which was destroyed
+by fire.  Being rebuilt, it became the private residence of Mr. H.
+Sellwood, Solicitor, father-in-law of the late Poet Laureate, Lord
+Tennyson.  Separated from this, northward, by only two houses, was the
+Black Horse Inn, still existing, and next to this, on what is now part of
+the shop of Messrs. Lunn and Dodson, was the Peal of Bells, and not more
+than half-a-dozen yards distant, on the opposite side of the street, was
+the very old Saracen's Head, still existing.
+
+On the north side of the Market Place, next to what is now Mr. Cammack's
+cycle depot, was the Queen's Head Inn, now gone; and at the north-east
+corner of the Market Place, one door removed from St. Lawrence Street,
+was the Nelson Inn, still existing; while at the south-east corner stood
+the large George Inn, no longer existing; and near the churchyard, under
+the same roof with the old vicarage, was a much patronized dram shop,
+kept by a Mrs. Clayton, long since removed.
+
+Of some of these we are able to give particulars, not without interest.
+The Cock and Breeches was kept by Roland Oliver, a breeches maker, whose
+daughter migrated to London, and, as Mrs. Hibbert, kept an inn, the
+Elephant, in Fenchurch Street, City.  At the Queen's Head were, early
+last century, barracks for volunteers or soldiers, with their drill
+sergeants; who performed their drill and practiced with "Brown Bess" in a
+chalk pit, on the west side of the Edlington Road, now disused, but still
+represented by a deep depression in the field below the footpath to
+Thimbleby, and at the back of the gardens of Mr. Frank Heane, of the
+Garth House, and other adjoining residents.
+
+At this same inn, the Queen's Head, some 20 years or more ago, on
+removing the bricks of the kitchen floor, the workmen found a skeleton,
+probably that of a man who had been murdered for his money at the August
+fair, and in connection with this, it was remembered that a farmer living
+at Stourton, who used to frequent this inn, had some years before
+attended the fair, but never returned home, nor could enquiring friends
+find any trace of him.
+
+The Nelson Hotel, on the same side of the Market Place, was formerly kept
+by an old man named Vesey, who was said to have been, in his earlier
+years, a great smuggler on the coast, but coming to Horncastle, he
+reformed, and was appointed constable.  The sign of this inn is a
+portrait of the great hero of Trafalgar and the Nile, originally well
+painted by the artist, Northouse, but it has recently been repainted in
+the worst style, and almost "improved" out of recognition.
+
+The George stood on the sites now occupied by the Post Office, and the
+adjoining shop of Messrs. Salter, Shoemakers, the original archway of the
+inn yard still remaining between them.  This was formerly one of the
+principle inns of the town, equal in size to the Bull and the Red Lion;
+and from it, before the railway line was opened to Horncastle, the
+landlord, Mr. Hackford, ran a coach, to meet the train at Kirkstead.  An
+incident, in connection with the George may here be mentioned, which is
+not likely to occur again.  A wealthy lady, Miss Heald (who had also a
+house in London, where the writer, as a boy, visited her), occupied in
+those days the old hall (now demolished) in Edlington Park.  She was of
+the family of Chancellor Heald, to whose memory there is a marble tablet,
+on the north wall of the chancel of St. Mary's Church.  She had a nephew,
+who was an officer in the fashionable regiment of the Guards.  He became
+enamoured of the once famous courtesan, Lola Montez, who had been
+mistress to the King of Bavaria, attracted by her beauty, it was said, as
+she drove, and he rode, along Rotten Row, the resort of fashion, in Hyde
+Park, London.  She wished to make the most of the opportunity to regain a
+respectable position, and pressed her attentions of the young officer too
+persistently.  She was a woman of daring and reckless temperament; and
+his love and admiration gradually, on closer acquaintance, gave way to
+fear.  At length he did all he could to avoid her, which roused her
+bitter resentment, and at length he became in daily terror of her
+revengeful nature.  Coming down from London to Horncastle, to collect his
+rents, he put up at the George, and was there found, by a friend who
+called upon him, sitting at his luncheon, but with a brace of pistols
+lying on the table, fully expecting that she would follow him, and force
+him into matrimony.  It is said that she ended her days in an American
+prison, after perpetrating a murder in a railway carriage.
+
+               [Picture: Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring]
+
+Another inn worthy of mention here is the Fighting Cocks.  Here this once
+fashionable but cruel sport used to be practised, until it was made
+illegal by Act of Parliament, in 1849, and it is said to have been
+clandestinely continued for some time longer, although a penalty of 5
+pounds was imposed.  An old man working on the premises in 1902 could
+remember the last fight.  The "pit" was in the present garden, at the
+rear of the inn yard.
+
+In the Fighting Cocks yard were formerly the kennels of the South Wold
+hounds, and the writer can well remember going frequently, as a boy,
+while he attended the Grammar School, to see them fed, as well as
+occasionally being mounted by the whips on one of the horses of the hunt,
+when, after the hunting season, they went out for exercise.  Mr. "Jack"
+Musters, the whilom rival of Byron for the hand of Miss Chaworth, was at
+that time Master.
+
+In the yard of this inn there still remain two large scythe blades
+affixed to the wall of an outhouse.  The history of these is that they
+were formerly on the front of the inn, facing the street, because was
+annually held, on August 21st, what was called the Scythe Fair, when the
+county blacksmiths gathered to purchase scythes, to supply the Irish, and
+other reapers, for the coming harvest.  This was discontinued when the
+machinery for reaping came into use.
+
+The Three Maids' Inn was situated in the High Street, on part of the site
+now occupied by the Corn Exchange, and was demolished when that building
+was erected.  A small inn, on the east side of North Street, now called
+the Cricketer's Arms, was formerly named the Tom Cat, because here was
+sold the strong old gin of the well-known distillers, Swagne and Borde,
+whose trademark was a cat.  Hence gin took its name of "Old Tom."  There
+is still the figure of a cat engraven on the front window, with the words
+"Unrivalled Tom" beneath it.
+
+Opposite the Bull, the leading hotel in the town, replete with all modern
+requirements, stands the King's Head, an old "public," still remarkable
+for its low thatched roof; the reason for which is said to be, that by
+the forms of the will of a former owner, it was bequeathed to his
+successor, with the condition attached, that it should continue to be
+thatched: a condition which the advance of civilization may, in a few
+years' time, make it difficult to fulfil.
+
+And here we may make the concluding remark that 100 years ago most of the
+houses in Horncastle were thatched.  It is on record (Overton MS.) that
+the first slated house in the town was built for a Mr. Storr, a gardener,
+in what is now the back passage from the Bow Bridge to the Wong, near the
+Baptist Chapel.  This was afterwards occupied (1790-1800) by Mrs. L'Oste,
+widow of a former Rector of Langton.  The next house to be slated was
+that of Mr. Titus Overton, lately the residence of Mr. John Overton,
+Grocer.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+THIMBLEBY.
+
+
+This parish is contiguous to Horncastle, but the village and church are
+distant about 1.25 miles from the town, in a north-westerly direction.
+Letters arrive at 8.30 a.m., from Horncastle, where are the nearest money
+order and telegraph office and railway station.
+
+As to the name Thimbleby, given in _Domesday Book_ as Stimbelbi, it
+doubtless meant originally the Bye (scotice "Byre"), or farmstead, of a
+thane, or owner, in pre-Norman times named stimel. {165}  In the survey
+made by the Conqueror, A.D. 1085, there are two mentions of this parish,
+(1) It is included among the 1,442 lordships, or manors, of which King
+William took possession on his own behalf, ejecting the previous owners;
+none of whom, in this instance, are named.  Under him it was occupied by
+22 soc-men, or free tenants, and 18 villeins, or bondsmen, who cultivated
+4.5 carucates (540 acres), with 240 acres of meadow.  This, however, did
+not comprise the whole parish, for (2) another mention gives Thimbleby
+among the lands granted by the Conqueror to Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who
+was half brother to King William, on his mother's side, and was created
+by him Earl of Kent.  His brother was Earl of Moretaine, and his sister
+Adeliza was Countess of Albermarle.  He had been consecrated Bishop of
+Baieux before William's conquest of England, in 1049.  He was
+subsequently made Count Palatine and Justiciary of England.  The old
+historian, Ordericus Vitalis, says "he was reputed to be the wisest man
+in England, and 'totius Angliae Vice-comes sub Rege, et . . . Regi
+secundus'"; and this was hardly an exaggeration, since he was granted by
+William 76 manors in Lincolnshire, besides 363 in other counties.  But we
+have observed in several other instances how insecure was the tenure of
+property in those unsettled times, when might was deemed right, and this
+ambitious Prelate was no exception.  He aspired to the Papacy, the
+highest ecclesiastical office in Christendom, and was about to start for
+Rome, with the view of securing it through his wealth, when he was
+arrested and imprisoned by his royal kinsman, and his estates
+confiscated.
+
+The portion of Thimbleby granted to this Odo comprised 250 acres of
+cultivated land, with 12 acres of meadow and 30 acres of underwood.  This
+was worked for him by three free tenants and five bondmen. {166a}  On the
+attainder of Odo, this land passed again into the King's hands, to be
+bestowed doubtless upon some other favourite follower.  Accordingly we
+find that, shortly after this, the powerful Flemish noble, Drogo de
+Bevere, who had distinguished himself greatly at the battle of Hastings,
+along with many other manors in Lincolnshire, held that of Thimbleby.  He
+was, by Royal Charter, Lord of all Holderness, and took his title de
+Bevere from Beverley, the chief town in that division.  As is also
+related elsewhere, {166b} the Conqueror gave him his niece in marriage;
+but, being of a violent temperament, Drogo got rid of her by poison, and
+then, having thus incurred the anger of William, he fled the country.
+His estates, in turn, were probably confiscated, for we find that a few
+years later Stephen, Earl of Ambemarle, {166c} had five carucates (_i.e._
+600 acres) of land between Thimbleby, Langton and Coningsby.
+
+This noble was distinguished for his piety, as well as his other great
+qualities.  The chronicler describes him as "praeclarus comes, et eximius
+monasteriorum fundator," an illustrious earl and distinguished founder of
+monasteries.  Among other such institutions he founded, on the feast of
+St. Hilary, A.D. 1139, the Priory of Thornton, in North Lincolnshire.
+This Stephen also received the lordship of Holderness, which had been
+held by Drogo.  He was succeeded by his son William, who was surnamed
+Crassus, or "The Gross," from his unwieldy frame.  His
+great-granddaughter, Avelin, succeeding to the property in her turn,
+married Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, surnamed Gibbosus, or humpback.  But
+they had no issue, and so, as the "Book of Meux Abbey" says, "for want of
+heirs the Earldom of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderness were seized
+(once again) into the King's hands."  What became of the demesne of
+Thimbleby is not specified; but we find from the survey, already quoted,
+that in the same century Walter de Gaunt, son of Gilbert de Gaunt, {166d}
+held Thimbleby and other neighbouring parishes 24 carucates, or in all
+2,880 acres of land.  We have traced elsewhere {166e} the descent of the
+Willoughby family from the Gaunts, and about 100 years later (circa 1213,
+Survey, as before) William de Willoughby succeeded to these estates,
+including the demesne of Thimbleby.  He was ancestor of the present Earl
+of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby de Eresby, who now represents this
+division in Parliament.  How long the estates, in whole or in part,
+remained with the Willoughbys is not clear; but we have evidence of their
+connection with Thimbleby nearly 100 years later, in a document dated
+1302, {167a} concerning a dispute as to lands in Thimbleby, Langton,
+Woodhall, and several other parishes, between John de Bec and Robert
+Wylgherby, the two families being related; in which the said Robert
+surrenders to the said John all property in dispute, for his lifetime, on
+condition that, after his decease, the whole shall revert to the said
+John Willoughby, and his heirs, for ever. {167b}
+
+From this time we find other names connected with the parish.  Indeed
+prior to this, in a charter of Bardney Abbey, dated "at the Chapter of
+the Convent, on Sunday next after the Ascension of our Lord" (22nd May)
+1281; we have among the witnesses, along with others belonging to
+Edlington, Wispington, and Baumber, "Master Bartholomew of Thimbleby,"
+and John Crayck of the same, the former being probably the Rector. {167c}
+This charter refers to certain lands and tenements, the gift to the abbey
+of "Walter, son of Gilbert, de Bolingbrog," _i.e._ Walter, the son of
+Gilbert de Gaunt, already named.  In another Bardney charter, dated four
+years later (30th Sept., 1285), we find again the same Thimbleby
+witnesses, with Alured of Woodhall, and others. {167d}
+
+Three years later than this, in an official inquiry, held at Lincoln, as
+to certain knights' fees, which belonged to Elyas de Rabayn and his wife
+Matilda (12th Nov., 1288), the jurors declare that "Robert de Rothwell
+holds in Thymelby and Horncastre," certain "rents of assize, to be paid
+at the Feast of St. Michael, the Nativity of the Lord, Easter, and St.
+Botulph" (June 17), amounting to 12s.
+
+A more interesting record is the following.  We may premise that the
+Norman noble, St. Quintin (so named from a town of France, in the
+department of Aisne, the Augusta Veromanduorum of the Romans), came over
+among the followers of William the Conqueror, and his name appears in the
+famous "Battle Roll" of 1066.  A Final Concord, of date A.D. 1293, states
+that on the Quindene of the purification of the Blessed Mary (_i.e._ the
+5th day after), a dispute having arisen between Herbert de St. Quintin on
+the one part, and Ascelina de Waterville and Matilda de Diva on the other
+part, the two latter being tenants of 3.5 carucates of land (_i.e._ 420
+acres) in Thymeleby; it was settled that the said Ascelina and Matilda
+should acknowledge the said land to be the right of Herbert; and for this
+Herbert granted them, as his tenants, all the said lands, except six
+oxgangs (_i.e._ 90 acres) which were occupied in separate parcels, by
+Baldrick, Hogge, Alfsi, Godric, Walfric, and others; and for this the
+said Ascelina and Matilda gave him, in acknowledgment, 40 marks.
+
+A few years after this date it would appear that the Bishop of Carlisle
+exercised a kind of ecclesiastical lordship over this parish.  Thimbleby
+was in the soke of Horncastle, and Ralph de Rhodes, the former Lord of
+the demesne of Horncastle, with its appurtenances, West Ashby, High
+Toynton, &c., had granted these (by charter confirmed by Henry III., A.D.
+1230) to Walter Mauclerk, Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors.
+
+Accordingly in an old document of the early 14th century, we find that
+John de Halghton, Bishop of Carlisle, gave consent for William de Foletby
+to convey certain lands in Thimelby, Langton, and Horncastle, to the
+Abbot and Convent of Kirkstead, to provide two monks, to celebrate daily
+services for the souls of the faithful deceased.  The witnesses were
+Richard de Wodehall, William de Polam (Poolham), and others.  "Dated at
+Horncastre, on this day of St. Barnabas, 5 Ed. II., 11 June, A.D. 1312"
+{168a}  This shows a connection with the monastery of Kirkstead, to which
+we shall refer hereafter.
+
+We next come to a record of special interest, of rather later date.  The
+family of Thimbleby, Thymelby, Thimoldby, &c., doubtless took their name
+from this parish, at a period lost in hoar antiquity.  They acquired in
+course of time extensive property in various parts of the county.  The
+chief branch of the family resided at Irnham Park, near Grantham, which
+was acquired (about 1510) by Richard Thimbleby, through his marriage with
+the heiress of Godfrey Hilton, whose ancestor, Sir Geoffrey Hilton,
+Knight, had obtained it by marriage with the heiress of the Luterels, a
+very ancient family, several members of which were summoned to Parliament
+as Barons, in the 12th century.
+
+The earlier members of the Thimbleby family are called, expressly, Thomas
+de Thymelby, Nicholas de Thymbylby, and so forth, shewing their
+connection with this parish.  The family name of Thimelby still survives
+in the neighbourhood of Spilsby.
+
+The first mention of a Thimbleby, as an owner in Thimbleby, occurs in a
+Post Mortem Inquisition, held at Holtham (Haltham), on Friday next after
+the Feast of St. Matthew (Sept. 21), A.D. 1333; where the jurors say that
+Nicholas de Thymelby held, with certain other lands in the neighbourhood,
+two messuages and four acres of land in Thymelby, of the Bishop of
+Carlisle, and that the said Nicholas died on the Feast of the
+Purification (Feb. 2nd); and that his son Thomas, aged 19, was heir.
+{168b}
+
+Then follow a grant of land and other privileges, by the Bishop of
+Carlisle, in Horncastle and Upper Toynton, to Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby.  Thomas presented to the Benefice of Ruckland in 1381.  His son
+John married Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois; whose mother was
+daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon (or Barradon), whose wife was sister
+and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.  Thus the family kept
+growing in importance. {168c}
+
+Our last mention of this family, in connection with Thimbleby, shows a
+still greater expansion.  An Inquisition taken 12th August, 4 Ed. VI.
+(1550), after the death of Matthew Thimbleby, of Polam, Esq., shows that
+he married Anne, daughter of Sir John Hussey, and that he was seised of
+six manors besides that of Thimelby; also of lands in eight other
+parishes, with the advowsons of the churches of Tetforde, Farrafford,
+Ruckland, and Somersby. {168d}  His widow married Sir Robert Savile, Knt.
+
+Soon after the first mention of a Thymelby of Thimbleby, we find another
+family of some note connected with this parish.  In an agreement made at
+"Langton near Horncaster, 8 August, A.D. 1370, Peter Skynner of Ely, and
+Alice his wife, for some consideration not named, surrender to William de
+Atherby and his heirs, all their rights in certain lands and tenements in
+Woodhall, Langton, Thymelby, Horncastre, Thornton," &c. {169a}  These
+lands had evidently been held by the said Peter Skynner and his wife.
+
+The Skynners were a family of wealth and position.  In 1315 Robert and
+Richard Skynner held the manor of Pinchbeck, near Spalding. {169b}  They
+were also land owners in Hareby and Bolingbroke.  Henry Skynner, by will,
+dated 29th May, 1612, leaves to his daughter Judith, all his copyhold in
+Harebie, to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, Knight, lands in Hareby and
+other places, with the advowson of the Benefice.  Sir Vincent Skynner was
+Lord of the Manor of Thornton Curtis; he was in 1604 appointed by the
+crown Keeper of East Kirkby Park, as part of the Royal manor, or
+"Honour," of Bolingbroke.  His son William married a daughter of Sir
+Edward Coke, Knight, and was buried at Thornton Curtis, August 17th, A.D.
+1626.
+
+We find mention of another owner of land in Thimbleby, in the 15th
+century, whose apparent love of pelf would seem to have tempted him to
+defraud the king of his dues.  A certain Thomas Knyght, of the City of
+Lincoln, Esquire, died in the 10th year of the reign of Henry VII. (A D
+1495), seized of lands and tenements "in Thembleby," and other places.
+At the Inquisition then held, the jurors found that he had alienated
+certain parts of the property, "the Royal license therefor not being
+obtained, to the prejudice and deception of the lord the King," and the
+property passed to his son and heir William, who took possession, with "a
+like evasion of dues, to the King's prejudice."  What penalty was imposed
+is not stated; but it was a somewhat remarkable coincidence, that, as
+shewn in another Inquisition made the following year (A.D. 1496), certain
+witnesses deposed that on the 20th day of June, A.D. 1476 (_i.e._ 19
+years before his decease), the said Thomas Knyght, and his servants,
+about the middle of the night "broke and dug the soil of the parlour of
+his house, and found 1,000 pounds, and more, of the coinage of the
+Treasury . . . there placed and hidden," which as "tresour-trove, by
+reason of the prerogative of the lord the King, ought to come to his use,
+&c."  This has all a very suspicious look, Knyght would not have ordered
+this search for the money if he had not himself known of its being there.
+It looks like a previous attempt at concealment, in some way to defraud
+the revenue, which Knyght himself afterwards felt was a failure, and that
+it was safer to exhume the hoard himself, rather than that public
+officials should do it.  Altogether it would seem that "Thomas Knyght, of
+the City of Lincoln, Esquire," was somewhat of a sordid character, and
+not a proprietor for Thimbleby to be proud of.
+
+We now proceed to records more ecclesiastical.  We have already noted
+that, with the consent of the Bishop of Carlisle, William de Foletby, in
+the 14th century conveyed lands in Thimbleby to the Abbot of Kirkstead.
+This would seem to imply a previous connection of this parish with that
+monastery, to attract the Thimbleby proprietor to it.  Accordingly we
+find that, among the various properties of the Abbey, granted by Hugh
+Brito, its founder (A.D. 1139), and other benefactors, were 90 acres of
+land in Thimbleby, with the advowson of the Benefice.  In those days
+there was only a very limited number of resident clergy in the country
+parishes, {170a} the churches being served largely by the monks of the
+monasteries.  In some cases these were "itinerant clerks," in other cases
+there was a "grange," or dependency, of the monastery in the parish,
+having a "cell," or "hermitage," for a priest.
+
+Thimbleby was not among the number of parishes which had a church before
+the conquest, as Edlington and several other neighbouring parishes had;
+but there is no doubt that a church was erected here soon after that
+period, which, like the neighbouring Woodhall, was connected with
+Kirkstead, and here, as at Woodhall, there are traces of a moated
+enclosure eastward of the church, which doubtless was the site of the
+grange.
+
+The Abbot of Kirkstead exercised the powers of a superior lord here in a
+somewhat arbitrary fashion; it being complained against him before Royal
+Commissioners as early as the reign of Edward I., that he had erected
+here "furcoe," or a gallows, on which various criminals had been
+executed; and that he had appropriated to himself the assize of bread and
+beer here, and at Horncastle. {170b}  But "blessed are the peacemakers,"
+and the abbots, with wholesome influence, were able, when occasion
+served, to produce harmony out of discordant elements; as the following
+records show (quoted from Final Concords): "In three weeks from the day
+of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 10 Henry III. (28th Sept., A.D.
+1226)," a dispute arising between Reginald, Rector of Thymelby, and
+Peter, son of John, tenant of a certain messuage and toft in Thymelby.
+Peter was induced to give up his claim, in favour of Reginald and his
+successors; and for this the said Reginald gave him one mark, in
+recognition of the concession.  Which agreement was made in the presence
+of Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, who himself gave to the church of Thymelby
+all right which he had in rent, which he was wont to receive; not however
+without an equivalent, which--being wise in his generation--he was
+careful to secure; for Reginald, in return, gave him a certain sum "to
+buy a rent in another place."
+
+The worldly wisdom of the same abbot appears again in the following
+Concord: On the morrow of St. Michael, 10 Henry III. (30th Sept. A.D.
+1226); a dispute between Sarah, the wife of Alan de Tymelby, and Henry,
+Abbot of Kirkstead, about a certain meadow in Tymelby, was happily
+settled (it being to the soul's peril to incur an abbot's anathema!) by
+the said Sarah giving up all claim to the meadow in favour of the said
+Abbot, and his successors; in recognition of which he gave her one mark.
+
+A gap now occurs in our history, which can only be filled in, for a time,
+by conjecture.  On the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII., the
+possessions of Kirkstead Abbey were granted by him to Charles Brandon,
+Duke of Suffolk; on whose death without issue, they reverted to the
+sovereign, and were re-granted to the Earl of Lincoln, of the Fiennes
+Clinton family, subsequently Dukes of Newcastle.  The Abbey lands in
+Thimbleby are not, so far as we know, specially named in this grant, and
+therefore we are unable to say positively whether that family acquired
+property in Thimbleby or not; but they had undoubtedly property in
+Horncastle and neighbourhood.  For instance the manor of Baumber remained
+in their hands, and Baumber Church continued to be the family burial
+place, until the 3rd Duke of Newcastle, late in the 18th century, sold
+that estate to T. Livesey, Esq.
+
+A few years later, however, we have official evidence that the manor and
+advowson of Thimbleby were vested in the sovereign.  By a deed (a copy of
+which is in the Rector's possession) dated 10th April, 7 Edward VI. (A.D.
+1553), of the Court of Augmentations, a toft and messuage in Thimbleby
+were granted by the King to John Welcome; also "the lordship and manor of
+Thimblebye, with all its rights, &c., lately belonging to the monastery
+of Kirkstead;" also "the advowson and right of patronage of the Rectory
+and Church of Thymmelbie, aforesaid."  In the next reign, of Mary, the
+benefice was presented, by the Queen herself, to William Brantinghame,
+being admitted on her nomination 19th Sept., 1554. {171a}
+
+A deed of that reign, dated 6th Feb., 1 and 2 Philip and Mary (1554),
+grants certain lands belonging to the manor of Thimblebie, to Anthony
+Kyme, for 21 years, at 10s. per annum
+
+               [Picture: St. Margaret's Church, Thimbleby]
+
+Next, in the reign of Elizabeth, a deed dated 9th March, 4 Elizabeth
+(1562), grants certain tofts and lands to John Porter, for 21 years, at a
+rent of 18s. per annum; and finally, by deed dated June 30th, 1564,
+Elizabeth in consideration of the sum of 609 pounds 5s. 2d., confirms the
+above grants and leases to William Conyers and William Haber, both of the
+Middle Temple, the patronage of the Rectory, "to be held with the manor
+of Est Grenwich, in the countie of Kent, free of all duty or military
+service."
+
+After a further hiatus in the parish history, we find another link in the
+records.  The former property of the Thimblebys, of Poolham, and
+elsewhere, had been sold to a member of the Bolles family, in 1600; and
+Mr. Weir {171b} tells us that in the reign of Charles II. the manor of
+Thimbleby belonged to Sir Robert Bolles, of Scampton.  From Liber Regis
+we find that Sir John Bolles presented to the benefice of Thimbleby in
+1697, and doubtless was Lord of the Manor.  This Sir John sold his
+property, and according to the antiquarian, Browne Willis (Ecton's
+Thesaurus), in the reign of Queen Anne, the patronage of the benefice
+belonged to "Mr. Kercheval"
+
+In 1719 and 1725 John Hockin, Clerk, presented.
+
+In 1720 the manor and advowson were bought by John Hotchkin, Esq., of
+Tixover; and a Thimbleby record, preserved with the registers, shows that
+the Hotchkins have presented from about that time till recently.  In 1767
+(Sept. 10th), Allen Corrance was admitted on the cession of John
+Kercheval, by Thomas Hotchkin, Esq., of Alexton, Co. Leicester.  In 1778
+William Holmes, M.A., was admitted to the rectory by John Hotchkin, Esq.,
+of South Luffenham, on the death of Allen Corrance.  In 1831 (Sept. 21st)
+Robert Charles Herbert Hotchkin, B.A., was instituted at the rectory, on
+the death of William Holmes, on the nomination of Thomas Hotchkin, Esq.,
+of Tixover.  The late T. J. Stafford Hotchkin, Esq., of Woodhall Manor,
+sold his property in Thimbleby and some other parishes in 1872; and the
+advowson of this benefice, then in his gift, was subsequently sold to the
+father of the present Rector, the Rev. C. A. Potter.
+
+There is another name on record, connected with Thimbleby, which we have
+not yet mentioned.  Among a list of the gentry of Lincolnshire, made on
+the Royal Herald's Visitation of the County, in 1634, which is still
+preserved at the Heralds' office, is the name of "Robert Frieston, of
+Thimbleby."  What position he held, or whether he was a land owner, in
+the parish, is not stated, but he ranked with Thomas Cressy (of a very
+old family), of Kirkby-on-Bain; the Dymokes of Scrivelsby, Haltham, and
+Kime; Heneage of Hainton, &c. {172a}
+
+There is a smaller manor in this parish called the Hall-garth, the
+residence attached to which is a picturesque old thatched mansion, with
+an old-time garden, enclosed within high and thick hedges of yew, trimmed
+in Dutch fashion.  It has also a large "stew," or fish-pond, from which,
+doubtless, in Roman Catholic times, the owners drew their supply of carp
+and tench, for the numerous fast-days then observed.  Old title deeds
+show that this was at one time crown property. {172b}  At a later date it
+was owned by a family named Boulton, who also held land in Stixwould,
+where there is still the slab of a Boulton tomb in the pavement of the
+aisle of the church.
+
+A slab, on the south side of Thimbleby Church, bears the inscription:
+"Here lyeth the body of Michael, the son of Mr. Michael and Elizabeth
+Boulton, buried the 7th of Septemr, 1692, aetatis suae 7.  His mother the
+28th of May, Anno Dom. 1725, aetat suae 61."  The Register has the
+following entries, "1725, Mrs. Boulton, ye wife of Mr. Mich. Boulton,
+buried May 28th."  "1738, Michael Boulton buried May 8th."  The last
+entry connected with this family is that of "Michael, son of Michael and
+Mary Boulton," who was baptized in 1726 and buried in 1767.
+
+These were the ancestors of the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary's
+Square, Horncastle.  Michael Boulton, in 1719, left 40s. a year, from the
+Hall estate, at Bransby near Stow, for the education of poor children at
+Thimbleby; leaving also a bequest for the poor at Bransby.
+
+At the beginning of the 19th century this manor was held jointly by
+Richard Elmhirst, Esq., of Usselby, and Mr. Thomas Kemp, the latter of
+whom resided at the Old Hall. {173a}  There is a field at the west end of
+the village, now the property of H. N. Coates, Esq., traversed by mounds
+and ditches, which was formerly divided into three separate plots,
+belonging to Elmhirst, Kemp, and Hotchkin.  The Kemps were of an old
+stock.  In the Thimbleby Registers the first mention of them is in 1723,
+{173b} but their name implies a much greater antiquity.  One theory has
+been that they were a Huguenot family, who came over to England at the
+time of the French massacre of Protestants, on St. Bartholomew's day,
+1572.  Those refugees, in their enforced poverty, prosecuted various
+kinds of useful industries; and the Kemps, it is suggested, acquired
+their name from being kempsters, or comb makers.
+
+But it is probable that the name had a much earlier origin.  Kemp (Saxon
+Cempa) meant a soldier {173c} being connected with the Norman-French and
+modern English "Champion;" and although we might look back with pride to
+forefathers who suffered for their religion, it is pleasanter, if only in
+imagination, to regard them as having been a race of doughty warriors,
+sufficiently distinguished to win a name by their deeds. {173d}
+
+Mr. Thomas Kemp, in the first half of the 19th century, was a wealthy
+bachelor, and added to the Hall-garth estate by the purchase, from time
+to time, of adjacent property.  He lived in some style, with two maiden
+sisters to keep house for him.  By his will the land at Thimbleby passed
+into the possession of his great nephew, Robert Edwin Kemp; another
+nephew, Samuel Harrison Kemp, inheriting most of the personal estate.
+But alas! liveried servants, crests and arms, and other emblems of wealth
+have become things of the past; for when this Robert died the property
+passed to his son, Thomas Kemp, in whose hands the patrimony speedily
+evaporated; and other members of the family are now dispersed, "their
+places knowing them no more," save as a lingering memory, which will soon
+be gone.
+
+The interesting old hall and the manor were then bought by Reuben
+Roberts, Esq., of Linden House, Horncastle, who resides there in the
+summer.  He also owns other land in the parish.  Other owners are E.
+Hassard, Esq., of Edlington Park; H. N. Coates, Esq., of Langton Manor;
+the trustees of the late Mr. Samuel Goe, and several smaller proprietors.
+Mrs. Tebbutt, of Horncastle, a relict of an old Thimbleby family, whose
+name appears frequently in the parish books, is now Lady of the Manor.
+
+Some 200 yards east of the church and on the south side of the main road
+is a large field, the property of Mr. Henry N. Coates of Langton, which
+is known as "The Butts."  It has some fine trees, apparently the remains
+of an extensive avenue, which have been more numerous even within living
+memory.  It has been sometimes called "The Park Close," but the title
+"The Butts" is interesting, as probably indicating that it was formerly
+the site on which (in the words of a rhymer, it may be said):
+
+    England's archers of old,
+    Village wights true and bold,
+    Unerring in hand and in eye,
+    Learned skill in their craft
+    With yew-bow and shaft,
+    Wand to splinter, or pierce the bull's-eye.
+
+    And while the youth gay,
+    Rough rivals, essay
+    To rive and riddle each butt,
+    Sage sires stand by,
+    And coy maidens cry,
+    To welcome the winning shot.
+
+    Full many such scene
+    Has been witnessed, I ween,
+    In that whilome time-honoured spot,
+    'Neath the wide-spreading shade
+    Of the green wood glade
+    Which is still named the "Thimbleby Butt."
+
+In this "Butts" field rises a spring, which is the source of a small
+runnel, called "Daubeny's Beck."  This bearing westward, for some
+distance forms the boundary between the parishes of Thimbleby and
+Langton, then flowing through Woodhall falls into the "Monk's Beck," at
+Poolham.  The name "Daubeny" is doubtless a corruption of D' Albini.  The
+D' Albinis held the Barony, and built the castle of Belvoir, and had
+other large possessions in this county and elsewhere; the name is not
+uncommon as a field name, &c.  There is a field in Langton called
+"Daubeny's (_i.e._ D' Albini's) Walk."
+
+In the grounds of Mr. W. A. Crowder, further to the east, near the
+Lincoln "Ramper," as the highway is locally called, there was found, a
+few years ago, a so-called "Roman" tomb, somewhat rudely constructed of
+blocks of Spilsby sandstone.  Within it was a human skeleton, with bones
+of a dog, a sword, and the head of a spear.  In connection with this, we
+may also mention, that in the Rectory grounds there is an ancient well,
+of great depth, lined also with Spilsby sandstone, and said to be Roman;
+which in the immediate proximity of the Cornucastrum, or Roman fort of
+Banovallum, would not seem to be at all improbable.
+
+An old parish book of Thimbleby, recently shown to the writer, proves the
+care which was taken by the parish officials, before the present poor law
+system was established, to secure the comfort and maintenance of poorer
+parishioners.
+
+At a parish meeting, Nov. 1st, 1819, Thomas Kemp, Churchwarden, in the
+chair, it was ordered that John Sharp's daughter was to have a gown and
+pettycoat, worsted for two pairs of stockings, and one blue apron.  Four
+boys were to have two smocks each, and eight old people a strike of coals
+each per week.  At another meeting Margaret Day was to have worsted for
+two pairs of socks for her two boys, herself to spin it; and one pair of
+shoes for her daughter.  Robert Kemp, and his son Richard, in order to
+find them work were to be paid 2s. per day, to "gether" stones for the
+parish.
+
+Again, Maria Day's shoes were to be mended; Mary Atkin to have a pair of
+blankets, and her chamber window put in and thatched.  Benj. Benton one
+pair of shoes, Willm. Adkin a waistcoat.  Mary King's family four shirts,
+two pairs of shoes, three frocks, three petticoats, and three dabs
+(_i.e._ pinafores).  A pair of breeches for George Skipworth; Willm.
+Skipworth to have a spade.
+
+Again, Mr. Thos. Kemp was "to be allowed 20 pounds for the use of the
+poor-house, to be insured for 200 pounds by the parish, and, when given
+up to be left in the same state."
+
+At a meeting on 7th August, 1820, Robert Dixon in the chair, it was
+ordered that all paupers receiving assistance should regularly attend
+Divine Service, and on their non-attendance the assistance should be
+stopped.  Mary Todd was to receive her money (which had been stopped)
+having given satisfaction to the vestry for not attending the church.
+Mary Hobbins' boy to be put to school.  "To get the Lord's Prayer, and
+the 'I believe,' put in the church at the parish expense."
+
+At a meeting held 27th August, 1830, Thomas Kemp in the chair, it was
+agreed that 75 pounds be borrowed of Mr. Thos. Kemp, to pay Mrs. Farmer's
+expenses to America, to be repaid by the parish, 30s. weekly, with legal
+interest.  Church rates are now among the "has beens," but in 1843 a rate
+was passed of "1d. in the pound for the support of the church, and 10d.
+in the pound for the highway repairs."
+
+In the churchyard, along the south side of the church, are a group of
+gravestones of the Kemp family.  Eastward are several of the Marshall
+family, formerly numerous here, and in the neighbourhood, holding a
+respectable position, but now extinct. {175}  There are also a number of
+tombs of the Todd family, respectable small farmers, resident in the
+parish, from the first notice of a burial, June 24th, 1738, down to
+recent years.  The Tebbuts and Dixons were also resident, as tenants or
+small owners, for many years.
+
+Among the marriage registers, which date from 1695, is the following
+note: "March 23, 1779, a marriage was attempted to be solemnized; but the
+intended bridegroom, to the great surprise of the congregation assembled,
+remaining away, the ceremony, &c. . . ."  The rest is illegible.
+
+We have now to speak of the church.  The present edifice stands on the
+site of a former 14th century church, which, judging by the remains that
+have been found, must have been of much larger dimensions, and consisted
+of nave, two aisles, chancel, and bell tower; the total breadth having
+been 52-ft.  Several fragments of stained glass have, at various times,
+been found in digging graves, showing that this early church, like
+several others in the neighbourhood, had good coloured windows.  This was
+taken down in 1744, and from the materials remaining a small fabric was
+erected in its place, consisting of nave and apsed chancel, with no
+pretensions whatever to architectural beauty.  This (as has been
+generally the case with badly constructed edifices of that period) became
+also, in turn, so decayed that the present Rector, on entering on the
+benefice, decided to rebuild the church once more; and in 1879 the
+present structure was completed at a cost of over 1,000 pounds, in the
+best early Decorated style.
+
+It consists of nave, chancel, organ chamber on the south, and an
+octagonal bell turret, designed by the late Mr. James Fowler, the
+Architect, and containing one small modern bell, graven with the date and
+initials of W. Carey, Churchwarden in 1744, {176a} who demolished the old
+church.  The nave has three two-light windows, of the decorated style, in
+the north and south walls; there is a square-headed two-light window in
+the organ chamber; the chancel has a single-light window in the north and
+south walls, with a good east window of three lights, trefoiled, and with
+a triangle of trefoils above.  In the north wall is a credence recess,
+and in the south wall are two stone sedilia.  The tiles within the
+chancel rails are copied from ancient tiles, which were found some years
+ago, at Revesby Abbey.  In the west front, over the door, is a large
+two-light window, and above it a clock, the only village church clock in
+the neighbourhood, by Smith of Derby.  Within the west doorway, let into
+the north wall of the tower basement, is a fragment of an old battlement,
+having a shield in the centre, probably a relic from the original church.
+The font is modern, having a plain octagonal bowl, shaft, and pediment.
+The roof is of pitch pine, the timbers being supported by plain corbels.
+The lectern, chancel stalls, and communion table are of good modern oak
+
+Used as a stile in the south fence of the churchyard is a large slab, on
+which, above ground, is the matrix of a former brass, representing one
+figure, with a broad transverse bar for an inscription, and connecting it
+with other figures, which are now below the ground. {176b}
+
+The church plate includes an interesting paten, presented to the church
+in 1837, by the mother of the late Rector, but bearing hall-marks of
+1727-8, with the letter M and a five-pointed star below.  The chalice is
+still more interesting, as it bears an old Lincoln hall-mark, of date
+about 1570; there are only eight other known examples of this period in
+the county.
+
+The rectory is a commodious house, built in 1839, doubtless on the site
+of the former monastic grange; it stands in an extensive garden,
+embowered among trees of goodly growth.  A fine oil painting at the
+present time adorns the entrance hall.  It is reputed to be by
+Spagnoletto, and was formerly in the monastery of St. Jerome, in Lisbon.
+Its size is 5-ft. by 4-ft., the subject being St. Jerome translating the
+Vulgate scriptures.
+
+
+
+WEST ASHBY.
+
+
+This parish, like High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill and Wood Enderby, was
+formerly a hamlet of Horncastle, of which it adjoins the northern
+boundary.  We find them all coupled together in an extract from the Testa
+de Nevill [folio 348 (556), quoted _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p.
+215] as follows: "The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of Upper
+Thinton, and of Meringes, and of Hinderby, are of the gift of the Lord,"
+_i.e._ the Lord of the Manor.  In _Domesday Book_ it is called Aschebi.
+Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, who owned various lands in
+this neighbourhood, was Lady of this Manor, as well as that of
+Horncastle.  She held here six carucates of land (or about 720 acres),
+besides which there were 45 soc-men, 5 villeins, and 13 bordars, with
+eight carucates (or about 960 acres), and 500 acres of meadow and
+pasture.  (_Domesday_, "Soke of Horncastle.")
+
+                  [Picture: The Manor House, West Ashby]
+
+_Domesday_ also mentions that the Saxon thane, Chetelburn, who had
+property in Coningsby, Keal, Candlesby, Friskney, and other places in the
+county, had at Ashby "a mill worth 12s. yearly," a very considerable sum
+in those days.  The manor was afterwards held by the Conqueror himself
+(_Domesday_, "Property of the King"); and it would seem, although there
+is no direct evidence of it, that he bestowed the manor on one of his
+chief favourites, Ranulph de Paganall, who received from his sovereign
+extensive grants in the counties of Somerset, Devon, York, Northampton,
+and Lincoln, {177} including all the lands formerly held by the Saxon
+Merleswain, in this county and elsewhere.  Ranulph Paganall founded (A.D.
+1089) the Priory of the Holy Trinity in York, said to have been built on
+the site of a former Roman heathen temple; one of his family, Helias
+Pagnall, being subsequently Prior of this institution, and Canon of
+Selby.  When the present Church of the Holy Trinity was restored in 1904,
+among other ancient monuments, was found the slab of the tomb of Ralph
+Ranulph, which is still preserved in the church, along with sculptures
+commemorative of St. Benedict, St. Martin of Tours, Prior Helias, and
+others. {178a}
+
+Ranulph, by charter of that date, endowed the abbey with two-thirds of
+the tithes of Ashby; which was further confirmed by charters of 1100,
+1125, and 1179.  This Ranulph Paganall was Sheriff of Yorkshire.  The
+last known representative of his family was William Paganall, summoned to
+Parliament as a Baron in the reign of Edward III.  Dugdale states {178b}
+that the Priory of the Holy Trinity was made, by its founder, a
+dependency or cell of the greater monastery (marmonstier) of the above,
+St. Martin in Touraine; and by the Inquisition, taken at York, 34 Ed. I.,
+it was found that he claimed no portion of the temporalities of the
+Priory, beyond the right to place an official there, during the vacancy
+of the priorate, as temporary custodian.  The name Paganall became in
+later times softened into Paynell; they were at one time Lords of
+Bampton.
+
+At a later period the manor of Ashby, probably with that of Horncastle,
+belonged to Gerard de Rhodes and his descendant, Ralph; since in a
+Charter Roll of 14 Henry III. (pt. i, M. 12), we find that King's
+confirmation of a grant, made by the said Ralph, to Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle, of "the manor of Horncastle, with the soke, and the advowsons
+of the churches, and all other things pertaining to the same in all
+places," evidently including the churches of the hamlets as well as that
+of the town.  Among the witnesses to this are Gervase, Archdeacon of
+Carlisle; and Henry de Capella; the latter name being noticeable because,
+as will be seen below, Ashby was called "Capella." {178c}
+
+The Abbey of Kirkstead had a grange in Ashby, which after the dissolution
+of the monasteries, was granted in the 5th year of Edward VI., to William
+Cecil, Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer of England; this is now part of
+the Ashby Thorpe estate. {178d}  In 1820 this was the property of Mr.
+Joseph Rinder.  It is now partly owned by the Booth family, and partly by
+the Smedley trustees.
+
+The parish is still divided into Far Thorpe, Church Thorpe, and Middle
+Thorpe.  Far Thorpe included the farms held by the late Mr. Griffin and
+Mr. Addison.  Mr. Wattam's house, which is moated, was the old Midthorpe
+Hall.  As being a hamlet of Horncastle, the benefice was formerly called
+Ashby "Capella," or the Ashby Chapelry; and like Horncastle, Wood
+Enderby, High Toynton, and Mareham is given in "Liber Regis" as in the
+patronage of the Bishop of Carlisle.  Until recently it was a perpetual
+curacy, in value about 50 pounds a year; but about 30 years ago, on the
+enfranchisement of certain episcopal lands, the Ecclesiastical
+Commissioners endowed it to the extent of 300 pounds a year, and built a
+substantial vicarage.  The patronage is now with the Lord Chancellor by
+exchange with Kirk Oswald, Cumberland.
+
+The church, All Saints, is of considerable size, being one of the largest
+village churches in the neighbourhood, mainly in the Perpendicular style,
+and substantially built, consisting of tower, nave, and chancel, the two
+latter of the same elevation throughout.  The tower has three old bells,
+and a peal of eight tubular bells.  Gervase Holles gives the inscriptions
+on the bells as being:
+
+1.  Sit nomen Domini benedictum.
+
+2.  Intonat e caelis vox campana Michaelis.
+
+3.  Sum rosa pulsata Mundi Maria vocata.
+
+One of these was, some years ago, re-cast; and now bears the inscription
+"voco ad templum, date 1759."
+
+The main features of the church are as follows: the porch arch is
+semi-circular, Norman, the west window in the tower is unusually high,
+12-ft. by 4-ft. in width, of three lights.  The north aisle has four
+bays.  The nave, in the south wall, has two three-light windows, the
+western one perpendicular and having pointed arch, the eastern square
+headed.  In the north wall there is a three-light debased decorated
+window.  In the west wall of the north aisle is a two-light window of
+coloured glass, in memory of Augustus Elmhirst; and in its eastern wall
+is a three-light memorial window to his sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Ruck
+Keene.  In the south wall of the chancel are two late four-centre
+two-light windows; and in the north wall a three-light flamboyant window.
+Gervase Holles mentions a north chancel window having "sa. a crosse
+between 4 cinquefoyles arg. . . .," {179} but this has disappeared.  The
+east window is modern, with three lights.  A new window was erected, in
+1907, in the north aisle (corresponding to a window inserted in 1905, in
+memory of General and Mrs. Elmhirst), by Mr. H. R. Elmhirst, to the
+memory of his late wife, Lilian Frances, nee Hatfeild; the artists were
+Powell and Sons; the subject Faith, Hope and Love represented by three
+figures.
+
+                [Picture: All Saints' Church, West Ashby]
+
+The communion table has a very handsome cover, with red frontal,
+elaborately embroidered with old Roman work.  A carved wooden reredos has
+recently been presented by Col. and Mrs. Stack.  On a tablet on the north
+wall is an elaborate inscription, in memory of Lieutenant Richard
+Calthrop, who was killed at the siege of Algiers; erected by his mother
+and 10 surviving brothers and sisters; who are said to have lived to the
+remarkable average age of 85 years.  There are various tablets
+commemorative of the families of Rockliffe, Drewry, Pierce and Elmhirst.
+There is a north door, as well as south, to the nave.  The font is a
+plain octagonal one, perpendicular in style.
+
+The church was restored and reseated in 1873; the tower being renovated
+in memory of Mrs. Barnard, otherwise known as "Claribel," a well-known
+musical composer, connected with the Elmhirst family.  It is lofty and
+massive, surmounted by four high pinnacles and large gurgoyles at the
+angles.
+
+The register dates from 1561. {180a}  The communion plate consists of a
+cup, with inscription "Ashby Chappell, 1758;" a paten presented by
+"Elizabeth Pierce, Christmas Day, 1841," and flagon, given by the same,
+in 1859.  She was the wife of the Vicar of that day, the Rev. W. M.
+Pierce, and an authoress.  In the churchyard are the tombstones of John
+Thistlewood and his wife; he was brother of the Cato Street conspirator,
+and died at Louth, having formerly resided at Ashby and Wispington.
+
+The late William Elmhirst, Esq., bought the lands here formerly belonging
+to the Bishops of Carlisle, and erected a handsome and substantial
+residence, in well-wooded grounds; which in later years passed by
+purchase to the Booth family, by whom it, and the estates attached, are
+now owned.  It is at present occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Newstead.  The
+Elmhirsts are at present represented by H. R. Elmhirst, Esq., son of the
+late General Charles Elmhirst, C.B., who resides at The Grove.
+
+
+
+HIGH TOYNTON.
+
+
+High Toynton is situated about 1.5 miles from Horncastle, in an easterly
+direction, on the road to Partney and Spilsby.  It would seem to have
+been formerly, like West Ashby, an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle.
+The old record {180b} says (as already quoted under West Ashby) "The
+church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of Upper Thinton, and of
+Maringes (Mareham), and of Hinderby, are of the gift of the lord," _i.e._
+the Lord of the Manor.  As thus not being a separate manor, it is barely
+more than mentioned in _Domesday Book_, where it is called Todintune, and
+Tedingtone.  Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, would be Lady of
+the Manor; but William the Conqueror took possession and held lands here,
+in demesne, with tenants and dependants.
+
+That the manor afterwards, along with that of Horncastle, became the
+property of Gerard de Rhodes, is shewn by the following peculiar
+circumstances.  In a Feet of Fines, at Lincoln, 9 Henry III., No. 52, it
+is recorded that an agreement was arranged in the King's Court at
+Westminster, (3 Feb., A.D. 1224-5), between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina
+his wife, plaintiffs, and Ralph de Rhodes, a descendant of Gerard,
+defendant, whereby certain lands in Upper Tynton, Mareham, and other
+places, were recognized by the plaintiffs as the property of Ralph de
+Rhodes; they receiving, in lieu thereof, 100.5 acres of land, and 11
+acres of meadow, with appurtenances, all in Upper Tynton.  These lands
+are further specified by name, as 24 acres next Graham (_i.e._ Greetham),
+12 acres in culture called "Hethoten acre" (_i.e._ Heath of ten acres), 9
+acres of land in "Pesewang" (_i.e._ Peas-field), 5.5 acres in "Sex acre,"
+7 acres in Leir-mewang (or low mead-field), 4 acres in culture of Lange
+landes, 6 acres in Whetewang (_i.e._ wheat-field), and 10 acres in
+Kruncewang (_qy._ crown's-field?); and further plots not specially named.
+The peculiar feature however of their tenure was, that they and their
+heirs were "to have and to hold the said lands for ever . . . rendering
+therefor by the year one pair of gilt spurs, or 6d., at Easter, for all
+service and exaction."
+
+          [Picture: St. John the Baptist's Church, High Toynton]
+
+A Pipe Roll (14 Henry III., Lincoln) states that "Walter, Bishop of
+Carlisle, holds certain lands hereditarily of the aforesaid Ralph de
+Rhodes;" and in a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Edward III., 2nd
+Nrs., No. 29 (1360), mention is made of "Thomas, son of Nicholas de
+Thymelby, and John his younger brother, and their heirs," as tenants of
+the Manor of Horncastle, "and of lands in Over Tynton," which they "hold
+of the said Bishop."  These were scions of the wealthy family of the
+Thimblebyies, Lords of Poolham, and other estates.  One of them married a
+daughter and co-heir of Sir William Fflete, Knt.; another married a
+daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys; this Sir Walter being the son of Henry
+Tailboys and his wife, Alianora, daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon and
+his wife, Elizabeth, sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of
+Angus.
+
+By a Close Roll, 20 Henry VII. (part 2 [No. 367] No. 33), it appears that
+Sir Thomas Dymmok, Knight, had recently purchased lands in Over Tynton,
+Nether Tynton, Maring next Horncastle, and other parishes; which he
+granted to his son Leo, and his heirs for ever.
+
+Further, by a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII., No. 61, it
+is found that Humphrey Conyngesby, Sergeant at Law, and others instituted
+a suit on behalf of William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to
+them the Manor of (apparently Upper) Taunton, the advowson of the church
+of Nether Taunton, about 2,700 acres of various land, and the rent of 4.5
+quarters of salt in Over Taunton, Nether Taunton, Tetford, and other
+parishes.
+
+The Manor, with that of Horncastle, continued for a long period in the
+hands of the Bishops of Carlisle; who were patrons of the benefice until
+the creation of a bishopric of Manchester, in 1848, when their patronage
+in this neighbourhood was transferred to that See.  The Manor, however,
+with that of Horncastle, had previously passed to Sir Joseph Banks, and
+came eventually to his successors, the Stanhopes.  The benefice, until
+late years, was a very poor one, being a perpetual curacy, annexed to
+Mareham-on-the-Hill; their joint annual value being 160 pounds, without a
+residence.  But when the episcopal property (the Bishop being Rector) was
+transferred to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, they, with the aid of
+Queen Anne's Bounty, raised the joint benefices to 300 pounds a year; and
+in 1869 erected a good residence at Toynton, now occupied by the Vicar,
+the Rev. W. Shaw.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was formerly a very mean
+structure, dating from the 18th century (1772), in the worst of styles,
+with wooden-framed windows, of large square panes of glass, and having a
+flat whitewashed ceiling.  The timbers of this had become so decayed that
+a former curate-in-charge, mounting to the false roof, to examine them,
+fell through, among the square pews below.  This incident led, not too
+soon, to the rebuilding of the fabric, at a cost of more than 1,200
+pounds in 1872, on the site of the previous building, as also of an
+original 13th century edifice.  The present church is a substantial and
+neat structure in the early English style, thoroughly well kept, and with
+several pleasing features.  It consists of nave, chancel, and porch, with
+tower and low spire.  The nave has, in the north wall, two single-light
+narrow pointed windows, and at its eastern end a two-light window, having
+a quatrefoil above.  In the south wall there is one single-light and one
+two-light window, corresponding to the above; the porch, taking place of
+a window at its western end.
+
+The two-light window in the north wall has coloured glass, with various
+devices, one being a small copy of the famous Descent from the Cross, by
+Rubens, in Antwerp Cathedral; another the Royal Arms, with the initials
+V.R. below, and date 1848.  The corresponding two-light window in the
+south wall has coloured glass "In memory of Eliza, wife of the Rev. T.
+Snead Hughes, late Vicar, she died March 9, 1872, aged 57."  The subjects
+in the two lights are the Ascension of our Lord, and the three women at
+the sepulchre, with an angel pointing upward.  In the west wall of the
+nave are two pointed windows beneath a cusped circlet, all filled with
+coloured glass; the lower subjects being John the Baptist preaching in
+the wilderness, and the baptism of our Lord by John in the Jordan; the
+upper subject is the angel appearing to Zachariah; all three having
+reference to the patron saint of the church.  An inscription states that
+these are a memorial to the late Mark Harrison and his wife Ann, erected
+by their family.
+
+The font is of stone, octagonal, having four different kinds of crosses
+on the alternate faces, a circular shaft ending in octagon, and on
+octagonal pediment.  Within the south porch, over the outer and inner
+doorways are old fragments of massive zigzag pattern, all that remains of
+a whilom Norman structure.  The modern doorway arch, externally, has a
+dog-tooth moulding, with floriated finials.  The tower, over the porch,
+is square below, octagonal above, with small lancet windows in each face,
+and is surmounted by a low spire; it contains one bell.  The roof and
+sittings are of pitchpine.
+
+The chancel arch is of massive stone, plain, and of wide span.  In the
+east wall of the chancel are three narrow windows, the central higher
+than the other two; they have good coloured glass by Clayton and Bell.
+Beneath is a handsome reredos of Caen stone, erected in memory of the
+late Mr. Thomas Terrot Taylor.  It has one large central device, the
+Agnus Dei within a circle, and on each side four divisions, containing a
+dove with olive leaf, Fleur de Lys, ears of corn, a passion flower, vine
+leaves and grapes, a crown, a rose, and a conventional flower.  On each
+side are memorial tablets of the Ball family.  In the south wall is a
+brass tablet in memory of Mr. Taylor, and a small pointed window.  In the
+north wall is a doorway leading to the vestry.  Within the vestry,
+lighted by a similar small pointed window, are three more Ball tablets,
+and a priest's door.  In the centre of the nave floor, close to the
+chancel step, is a large slab "In memory of the Rev. William Robinson, 22
+years Incumbent, who died May 8, 1830, aged 56."  The register only dates
+from 1715, and contains no entries of special interest.
+
+In a List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln, it is shewn
+that in 1562, on the resignation of the then Vicar, one John Howsone,
+Michael West, Clerk, was appointed to this vicarage, along with that of
+Nether Toynton, by Richard Bertie, Esq., the ancestor of the present Earl
+of Ancaster.  This was probably by some private arrangement with the
+Bishop of Carlisle, as the Berties (as the Willoughbys are now) were
+patrons of Low Toynton, but not of Upper, or High, Toynton.  He was
+instituted to the two benefices on July 9th of that year.
+
+
+
+MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL.
+
+
+Of this parish, ecclesiastically annexed to High Toynton, little can be
+said.  The name was anciently written Maringes, {183a} or Marun {183b};
+the former probably from the low "marish," or marsh, "ings," _i.e._
+meadows, the suffix being the Saxon "ham," a homestead.  It lies about
+two miles south-east from Horncastle, connected with High Toynton by
+footpath, and bridle road, across the fields barely a mile in length, but
+for carriages a detour of more than double that distance has to be made.
+
+This parish, like High Toynton and West Ashby, is in the soke of
+Horncastle.  In _Domesday Book_ it is stated that the manor comprised 3
+carucates, or about 360 acres of land, with 21 soc-men and 11 bordars,
+{183c} who had four carucates, or about 480 acres; there were further 60
+acres of meadow, and, what no longer exists, 300 acres of underwood;
+which was a very large proportion, considering that in Scrivelsby, now a
+well wooded estate, closely adjoining, there were at that time only six
+acres of underwood.
+
+Sir Lionel Dymoke, a scion of the Scrivelsby family, once resided in this
+parish.  His will, dated 15th April, 1512, is a good specimen of the
+orthography of the period.  The following are portions of it: "I leon
+Dymoke of maryng of the hill in the Countie of lincolne knyght being of
+good and hoole mynde make and ordigne my testament and Last will in forme
+following | First I bequeathe my soule to almyghty god and to the blessid
+virgine his mother seint Mary and to all the holy Company of heven | And
+forasmoch as no man is certeine of the houre of dethe nor what place he
+shall die in and nothyng so certeine as dethe | and for as moch as I by
+the kyngl pleasure shall goo in hys warrys in the parties by yonde the
+see | Therefore my body to be buryed where it shall please almyghty god |
+Also that I will that my Executours for the helth of my soule in as hasty
+tyme as they may after my deceas paye or do to be paid all and singler my
+detts . . .  Also I bequethe and gyve to the Church warke of Maryng of al
+halowes vjs viijd and to the highe aulter there for tythes and oblacions
+forgoten xxd and to seint Jamys gild of maryng xxd . . .  Also I gyve and
+bequethe to the Convent of the black Freris of Boston for a trentall
+{184a} to be song for me and all Christen Soules xs," &c., &c.  On 17th
+August, 1519 (when he was apparently on his death bed), witnesses certify
+that he added a codicil to be annexed, "saying these words in his mother
+tongue.  I will that Sr John Heron knyght have my landes in nethertynton
+whether I lyve or dye . . . and if my wif or myne executos thynk there be
+any thyng expressed in my wille oute of goode ordre I will it be reformed
+by Anne my wif as she and they thynke most pleasure to god profytt for my
+soule." {184b}
+
+As to the owners of the demesne nothing further is told us; but since in
+Testa de Nevill, already quoted, it is stated that "the churches of
+Horncastre, Askeby, Upper Thinton, Maringes, &c., are of the gift of the
+Lord."  Gerard de Rhodes was, doubtless, at one time, the common Lord of
+all those manors, as well as his descendant Ralph de Rhodes.  Mr. Weir
+states that the manor at a later period belonged to Edward Marsh,
+Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county of Lincoln; by a descendant of
+whom it was sold to William Hudson, Esquire, of Gray's Inn.  In 1659 it
+was sold to one Duncombe, of whom it was purchased in 1688 by Sir Edmund
+Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight; in whose family it still continues.
+Other proprietors are Richard Ward, Esq., and Dr. Parkinson.
+
+In _Domesday Book_ there is mention of "a church and priest," the latter,
+therefore, being doubtless resident in the parish; although for many
+years there has been no residence for an incumbent.  In 1830 the benefice
+was held, with High Toynton, by the Rev. E. R. H. G. Palmer, a relative
+of Viscount Halifax, who resided in Horncastle; in 1863 by the Rev. Isaac
+Hall, who did the same; and it was not till 1869 that a residence was
+erected at High Toynton for the united benefices.
+
+Of the church, All Saints, we can only say that it stands in a good
+position, on high ground; that its walls are substantial, but that its
+style is of the meanest; it having been rebuilt in the early part of the
+19th century (1813); and beyond a piscina, now in the north wall, it has
+no features of interest; having wooden-framed windows, square painted
+pews, walls whitewashed within and without, and a flat ceiling.  It
+greatly needs renovation, being now almost a solitary representative, in
+the neighbourhood, of that very worst period of architectural decadence.
+With fairly good sandstone in the present walls, and probably more in the
+foundations of an earlier church, to be exhumed, and an abundance _in
+situ_ not far away, restoration, or even re-erection, might be effected,
+at a moderate outlay.
+
+The one bell hangs in a shabby bell turret.  While repairs were being
+carried out in 1813 two nobles of Edward IV., two angels of Henry VII.,
+and several silver coins of different reigns, contained in a leathern
+purse, were found concealed in the wall. {185a}
+
+
+
+LOW TOYNTON.
+
+
+Low Toynton lies about a mile from Horncastle to the north-east.  It is
+approached through rich meadows, watered by the river Waring. {185b}  The
+Rector is the Rev. J. W. Bayldon, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.  Overseers, G. E. Read and W. Scholey.  Letters _via_
+Horncastle arrive at 8.30.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small structure with no
+pretention to architectural beauty, and almost entirely covered with ivy.
+It was rebuilt in 1811, a period when architectural taste was at its
+lowest ebb, and barbarisms in stone, brick, and mortar were very
+generally perpetrated.  It was re-seated in 1863, during the incumbency
+of the Rev. E. M. Chapman.  It consists of chancel, nave, vestry, and
+open belfry containing one bell.  The chancel arch is the only remnant of
+a former Norman structure.  The font is apparently a 14th century one,
+almost a replica of that in Huttoft Church, which is engraved in _Lincs.
+Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p. 225.  The bowl is octagonal, its faces
+filled with figures representing the Holy Trinity, the virgin and child,
+and the 12 apostles.  The bowl is joined to the shaft by angelic figures
+round the lower part of it.  The octagonal shaft has figures of St. Paul,
+Mary Magdalen, a bishop with chalice, another with scourge, and other
+subjects much mutilated, at the base are the winged lion, ox, man, and
+eagle, emblematical of the evangelists.  The walls of the church are
+relieved by some coloured designs, and borders of ecclesiastical
+patterns, running round the windows, &c., originally executed by that
+genuine artist the late Rev. C. P. Terrot, Vicar of Wispington.  These
+decorations have been recently (1898) renewed by Mr. C. Hensman, of
+Horncastle, when the church was thoroughly repaired, both inside and out;
+new panelling placed in the nave, and a new window in the vestry; and in
+the following year (1899) a new harmonium was purchased from Messrs.
+Chappell and Co., London.
+
+The east window is filled with modern coloured glass, the subjects being
+the Transfiguration, the Crucifixion, and the Ascension.  On the sill of
+the east window are placed, over the communion table, two handsomely
+carved old oak candlesticks, presented by the Rev. C. P. Terrot.  On the
+north wall of the nave there is a small oval brass tablet, which was
+found in 1888, face downwards in the vestry floor.  It bears the
+following inscription: "Here lyeth the body of Edward Rolleston, Esquir,
+who departed this life the 23rd of July, in the thirtey-fourth year of
+his age; interr'd underneath this place the 4th of August, A.D. 1687."
+As 12 days elapsed between death and burial it is probable that he died
+abroad.  The manor and whole parish, except the glebe, still belongs to
+the Rolleston family; the benefice being in the patronage of the Earl of
+Ancaster.
+
+In the floor of the chancel are two memorial slabs, one of the Rev. R.
+Spranger, D.C.L., late Rector of Low Toynton and Creeton, who enlarged
+the rectory house, and was a munificent benefactor to the neighbourhood.
+Among other good deeds he built the bridge over the river Waring, on the
+road from Low Toynton to Horncastle. {186}  He was a member of a family
+of some distinction; had a residence in London, as well as his rectory
+here; he was popularly said to drive the handsomest pair of horses in
+London; and there exists a portrait in oil of an ancestor, Chancellor
+Spranger, in one of the great galleries in Florence.  Dr. Spranger was an
+intimate friend of J. Keble, the author of _The Christian Year_, and his
+son the Rev. Robert J. Spranger, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, spent
+the greater part of his life in Mr. Keble's parish, Hursley, Hants, as a
+voluntary assistant in his clerical work.
+
+The companion slab marks the last resting place of another rector, the
+Rev. J. Hutchinson, who died in 1788.  His history is singular.  Although
+well educated, he enlisted as a private in the army for foreign service;
+a commission however was subsequently obtained for him by his friends.
+He presently became attached to a lady who refused to marry a soldier.
+He then determined to take holy orders.  Chance threw him in the way of a
+party of gentlemen at Manchester, one of them being the agent of Lord
+Willoughby.  The latter stated that he had it in power, at that moment,
+to bestow a benefice, and that he would give it to anyone who could solve
+for him a particular problem.  Mr. Hutchinson succeeded in doing this,
+and was eventually appointed Rector of Low Toynton.  He held it, however,
+only 18 months, dying at an early age.  Whether he married the lady is
+not stated.
+
+In the List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln, it is
+recorded that in 1562 Michael West, Clerk, was appointed Rector of Nether
+Toynton and Vicar of Upper Toynton, by Richard Bertie, Esq., ancestor of
+the Earl of Ancaster.  This must have been by some private arrangement
+with the Bishop of Carlisle, who was patron of High Toynton; the Berties
+(as the Willoughbies are now) being only patrons of Low Toynton.  From
+Liber Regis we learn that the Earl of Lindsey appointed to the benefice
+in 1692, the Duke of Ancaster in 1778, Sir Peter Burrell and Lady
+Willoughby d' Eresby in 1783.
+
+The register dates from 1585.  Under date 1717, Feb. 2nd, occurs the
+following entry: "Robert Willy, of Upper Toynton, did penance in the
+parish church of Lower Toynton, for the heinous and great sin of
+adultery."  A note in the baptismal register states that on July 18th,
+1818, Bishop George (Tomline) confirmed at Horncastle 683 candidates,
+among them being five from Low Toynton.  Confirmations were not held so
+frequently then as they now are.  In this parish Mr. Thomas Gibson, Vicar
+of Horncastle, when turned out of his preferment by the Puritans, lived
+for some "two years but poorly, teaching a few pupils."
+
+Little is known of the early history of this parish or of its
+proprietors.  In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 11 Henry VII., No.
+123, taken at Partney, after the death of Isabella, wife of Richard
+Sapcote, Knight, the said Isabella is declared by the jurors to have died
+seized of the Manor of Nether Toynton, and of the advowson; and Joan,
+wife of William Nevill, of Rolleston, Notts., and others are declared to
+be daughters and heirs of the said Isabella; she herself being kinswoman
+and heir of William Plesington, son of Henry Plesington, Knight. {187a}
+
+In a list of Lincolnshire names contained in the visitation of 1665-6, by
+William Dugdale, Esq., are Agnes Goodrick, daughter of Robert Goodrick,
+of Toynton, and Bridget and Elizabeth Rolston, daughters of Edward
+Rolston, of Toynton. {187b}
+
+                [Picture: St. Peter's Church, Low Toynton]
+
+By a Chancery Inquisition of 38 Henry VIII. (1546), it was found that
+Thomas Dymoke, Esq., was seized of land in Over Toynton, Nether Toynton,
+Maring-upon the-Hill, and other parishes; and by an Inquisition of 36
+Elizabeth, it was found that Robert Dymock, Esq., was seized of the
+Manors of ffuletby and Belchforde, and lands in Horncastle, Nether
+Tointon and Upper Tointon, and several other parishes.  He died without
+issue 13th Sept., 1594, and his only sister, Anne, widow of Charles
+Bolle, of Haugh, succeeded to his property in Nether Toynton and
+elsewhere; and thus the connection of the Dymokes with Low Toynton
+ceased. {187c}
+
+There is rather a curious feature in the following record.  By a Chancery
+Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII., No. 61, it is found that Humphrey
+Conyngsby, Sergeant at Law, and others, instituted a suit on behalf of
+William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to them, among other
+properties, "the advowson of Nether Taunton, and the rent of 4.5 quarters
+of salt, in Nether Taunton, Over Taunton, and other parishes."
+
+We now find another ancient name connected with this parish.  The
+Newcomens (originally Le Newcomen, or the newcomer) of Saltfleetby, were
+one of our oldest Lincolnshire families.  They are named in Yorke's
+"Union of Honour," and their pedigrees given in four Lincolnshire
+Visitations.  The number of branches into which the race spread is
+remarkable. {188a}  Andrew Newcomen lived in the time of Richard I.,
+resident at Saltfleetby, where the headquarters of the family continued
+for many generations.  Robert Newcomen (1304) married Alice, daughter of
+Sir William Somercotes, Knight.  His son, also Robert, married Margaret,
+daughter of Sir William Hardingshall, Knight.  Another Robert (1452)
+married Joane, daughter of Robert Craycroft, of Craycroft Hall.  A
+daughter Katharine, of Brian Newcomen, married (1559) George Bolle, of
+Haugh, a family already mentioned as, a few years later, connected with
+Low Toynton.  In 1540 we find Richard Newcomen residing at Nether
+Toynton.  By his will, dated 3rd Sept., 1540, he requests that he may be
+buried in the church of St. Peter, Nether Toynton.  He appoints the right
+worshipful Edward Dymoke, supervisor.  His grandson, Samuel Newcomen, of
+Nether Toynton, married Frances, daughter of Thomas Massingberd, of
+Braytoft Hall, M.P. for Calais (1552).  This branch of the family seems
+to have died out in the person of Thomas Newcomen (1592); {188b} but
+other branches spread over the neighbourhood, and were established at Bag
+Enderby, East Kirkby, Withern, and other places, and flourished
+throughout the 17th century.  Another Newcomen early in the 18th century
+married a daughter of Sir Robert Barkham, Bart.
+
+A renewal of connection with Low Toynton was made when the widow of
+Nicholas Newcomen married, circa 1700, the Honble. Charles Bertie, son of
+Robert, 4th Earl of Lindsey, patron of the benefice of Nether Toynton.
+Arthur Bocher, Esq., of Low Toynton, was in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of
+1536, being brother-in-law of Thomas Moygne, one of the leaders in the
+movement.
+
+Thus the parish of Low Toynton has had residents, proprietors, and
+rectors, to whom its present inhabitants may look back with some degree
+of pride and pleasure, although "their place now knoweth them no more."
+
+
+
+ROUGHTON.
+
+
+This village stands on the west bank of the river Bain, about 4 miles to
+the south of Horncastle.  It is bounded on the north by Thornton and
+Martin, on the east by Haltham and Dalderby, on the south by
+Kirkby-on-Bain, and on the west by Kirkstead, Kirkby, and Woodhall.  The
+area is 1020 acres, rateable value 945 pounds, population 137, entirely
+agricultural.  The soil is loam, on kimeridge clay, with "Bain terrace"
+gravel deposits.
+
+The nearest railway stations are at Horncastle and Woodhall Spa, each
+about four miles distant.  There is an award and map of Haltham and
+Roughton in the parish, and a copy at the County Council office, Lincoln.
+Three roads meet in the middle of the village, one from Horncastle, one
+to Woodhall Spa and Kirkstead, one to Kirkby-on-Bain, Coningsby and
+Tattershall.
+
+Sir Henry Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in the adjoining parish of
+Kirkby, is Lord of the Manor, but Lady Hartwell (daughter of the late Sir
+Henry Dymoke, the King's Champion), and the executors of the Clinton
+family (now Clinton Baker) and the Rector own most of the soil; there
+being a few small proprietors.  Roughton Hall, the property of Lady
+Hartwell, is occupied by F. G. Hayward, Esq.
+
+The register dates from 1564.  Peculiar entries are those of 43 burials
+for the years 1631-2, including those of the Rector and his two
+daughters, who died within a few days of each other; this was from the
+visitation called "The Plague," or the "Black Death."  For some years
+before 1657 only civil marriages were valid in law, and Judge Filkin is
+named in the register as marrying the Rector of Roughton, John Barcroft,
+to Ann Coulen.  In 1707 Mary Would is named as overseer of the parish, it
+being very unusual at that period for women to hold office.  Another
+entry, in the overseer's book, needs an explanation.  "Simon Grant, for 1
+day's work of bages, 2s. 6d.;" and again, "Simon flint, for 1 day's work
+of bages, 2s. 6d."  "Bage" was the turf, cut for burning; in this case
+being cut from the "church moor," for the church fire.  It was severe
+labour, often producing rupture of the labourer's body, hence the high
+pay.
+
+There is a charity named the "Chamerlayne Dole," of 10s., given yearly to
+the poor, left by Martha Chamerlayn in 1702.  It is a charge upon a
+cottage and garden owned by Mr. T. Jackson, of Horncastle.
+
+The National School was established about 1860, in a building erected in
+1834 as a Wesleyan Chapel.  It was enlarged in 1872 and 1879.  It is
+supported by a voluntary rate.
+
+The Church, St. Margaret's, is of no architectural beauty, being built of
+brick and sandstone.  It consists of nave and chancel, with castellated
+tower, having one bell, also castellated parapets at the north and south
+corners of the east chancel wall.  The font is Norman, circular, with
+circular pediment, having an old oak octagonal cover, cupola shaped,
+plain except slight carving round the rim.  The fabric was newly roofed
+in 1870, when it was fitted with good open benches, the chancel paved
+with encaustic tiles, and the windows partly filled with stained glass;
+there are fragments of a former carved rood screen, the pulpit being of
+plain old oak.
+
+In the chancel is a lengthy inscription, commemorative of Norreys Fynes;
+Esq., of Whitehall, in the adjoining parish of Martin.  He was grandson
+of Sir Henry Clinton, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Lincoln, by his second
+wife, daughter of Sir Richard Morrison, and mother of Francis, Lord
+Norreys, afterwards Earl of Berkshire.  He was a non-juror.  He died
+January 10th, 1735-6, aged 74.  There is a murial tablet to the memory of
+the Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, who died in 1798; another to Charles
+Pilkington, Esq., who died in 1798, and Abigail, his wife, who died in
+1817.
+
+The benefice is a discharged rectory, united to that of Haltham in 1741,
+and now held by the Rev. H. Spurrier, the patron being his son the Rev.
+H. C. M. Spurrier.  The two benefices together are valued at 450 pounds a
+year.  There is a good rectory house.  The church plate is modern.  The
+village feast was discontinued about 50 years ago.
+
+Peculiar field names are the Low Ings, Bottom Slabs, Carr Bottom, Church
+Moor, Honey Hole, Wong, Well-syke, Long Sand, Madam Clay, Sewer Close.
+{190a}
+
+As to the early history of Roughton, _Domesday Book_ gives it among the
+possessions of William the Conqueror, and also as belonging to Robert
+Despenser, his powerful steward, who probably held it under the king.  A
+Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 22 Richard II., No. 13, A.D. 1399,
+shows that Ralph de Cromwell, jointly with his wife Matilda, held the
+adjoining Manor of Tumby, with appurtenances in Roughton and elsewhere.
+While another Inquisition of 13 Henry VII., No. 34, shows that the said
+Matilda died, "seised in fee tail of the same lands." {190b}
+
+In the reign of Elizabeth a family of Eastwoods resided here, since the
+name of Andrew Eastwood, of Roughton, appears in the list (published by
+T. C. Noble) of those gentry who contributed 25 pounds to the Armada
+Fund.  Other documents shew that at different periods the hall has been
+occupied by members of various county families, as Fynes (already named),
+Wichcote, Heneage, Dymoke, Pilkington, and Beaumont.
+
+The register has the following entries, probably written by an illiterate
+parish clerk, "An the wife of Will. Hennag, was buered ye 9 of Feberery,
+1729."  "Madame Elizabeth fines was buered May ye 29, 1730."
+
+Gervase Holles gives the following arms as existing in the church in his
+day.
+
+              _Fenestra Australis Cancelli_.
+
+G. 3 lyons passant gardant, or . . .               England
+
+Verry a fesse G. fretty, or . . .                  Marmyon
+
+Argent, a plaine crosse B. . . .
+
+Or, a lyon rampant purpure. . . .                     Lacy
+
+Chequy or and G., a chiefe ermyne . . .          Tateshall
+
+                     _In Campanili_.
+
+Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt., with
+girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, and neuf or. . . {190c}
+
+HALTHAM.
+
+
+This village is distant from Horncastle between four and five miles in a
+southerly direction, lying on the east side of the river Bain.  It is
+bounded on the north by Dalderby and Scrivelsby, on the south by Kirkby
+and its hamlet of Fulsby, on the east by Scrivelsby, Wood Enderby and
+Wilksby, and on the west by Roughton.  The area is 2380 acres, rateable
+value 1198 pounds.  The soil is loam, with kimeridge clay below, and
+gravel deposits.  Population 121, mainly agricultural.
+
+The main roads lead to Dalderby, Scrivelsby, and Horncastle, to Kirkby,
+Mareham-le-Fen, Coningsby, and Tattershall, and to Wood Enderby, Wilksby,
+and Revesby.  The nearest railway station is at Horncastle.
+
+The Lord of the Manor was formerly the Champion Dymoke of Scrivelsby
+Court, but the late Rev. John Dymoke sold his estate in this parish, and
+the manor is now the property of Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn,
+in the adjoining parish of Kirkby; W. H. Trafford, Esq., owning the
+remainder, except 150 acres of glebe.
+
+The benefice was united to that of Roughton in 1741, the two being now of
+the yearly value of 450 pounds, and held by the Rev. H. Spurrier.  The
+patron is the rector's eldest son, the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier.  There is
+an award and map of Haltham and Roughton, of date 1775.  A village feast
+is held on St. Benedict's Day (March 21), he being the patron saint of
+the church.
+
+There are some peculiar field names; as the Far, Middle, and Near
+Redlands, arable; the Top and Lower Brock-holes (brock meaning a badger),
+arable; the Black Sands, pasture; the Top and Low Malingars, arable; the
+East, West, and South High Rimes, arable; the Pingle, meadow; the Croft,
+pasture; the Oaks, pasture; Wood Close Meadow, the Old Cow Pasture.
+
+The register dates from 1561, and contains an entry for the year 1684:
+"This yeare plague in Haltham." {191}  There is a charity, the interest
+of 5 pounds, left by John Dymoke, Esq., of Haltham, who in 1634 is named
+among the Heralds' List of Gentry, for yearly distribution by the
+overseers among the poor.  The children attend the school at Roughton.
+
+The church is one of the most interesting in the neighbourhood.  The
+chancel was restored and an open roof put up in 1881, at a cost of 250
+pounds.  The nave was restored in 1891, at a cost of 300 pounds.  The
+sanctuary was paved with Minton tiles by the late Lady Dymoke.  The most
+remarkable feature is a semi-circular tympanum over the door in the south
+porch, which is of early Norman, or possibly Saxon date.  It has
+sculptured on it in somewhat rude fashion a Maltese cross within a
+circle, a second circle running through the limbs of the cross, a square
+with three-quarter circles at its corners, and semicircles midway of each
+side, which form the extremities of another cross, and between the limbs
+are roundels.  Below is a figure resembling a fish, also four rows of
+triangles, and other complicated devices.  The east window is a very fine
+flamboyant one, of date about 1350.  Some of the sittings have very old
+rudely-carved poppy heads of oak.  There are very fine carved oak
+canopies over two long pews in the north aisle, for the Champion Dymokes
+and their servants.  There is a piscina with two fronts in the south wall
+of the chancel, and a series of three stone sedilia, in the north wall is
+an aumbrey.  There is an incised slab to one of the Dymokes.  The tower
+has three bells, and the bell chamber is closed by ancient boarding, on
+which are the ten commandments in old characters, and very curious Royal
+Arms of Charles I.  The church plate consists of pewter paten, silver
+flagon and chalice, with date 1764, given by Mr. John Dickinson.
+
+In the village there is an old hostel, partly of the Tudor style, with
+pointed gable ends, projecting upper storey, and constructed externally
+of brick and woodwork.
+
+As to the early history of this parish little is definitely known.
+According to _Domesday Book_ it was among the possessions of the
+Conqueror, and his steward, Robert Dispenser, held it under him.
+Probably like other parishes in the soke of Horncastle, the manor was
+held by Gerbald d' Escald, his grandson Gerard de Rhodes, his son Ralph
+de Rhodes, sold by him to the Bishop of Carlisle, &c.  Of the ownership
+of Ralph de Rhodes we have evidence in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9 Henry
+III., No. 52, containing an agreement between Henry del Ortiary and
+Sabina his wife, on the one hand, and Ralph de Rhodes, on the other hand,
+in which the former parties recognise the right of the said Ralph to
+certain lands in Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, and other parishes in the
+soke. {192a}
+
+Of other families of distinction once connected with this parish we have
+indications in the arms which Gervase Holles found in the church windows
+in his time (circa 1630, temp. Chas. I.), which we give here.
+
+                       _In Fenestris Cancelli_.
+
+Verry a fesse G. fretty, d'or . . .                            Marmyon
+
+G. a cross sarcely, arg.  . . .                                   Beke
+
+Sa. 2 lyons passant, arg. crowned, or . . .                     Dymoke
+
+Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa . . .                      Welles
+
+Sa. 3 flowres de lize betw. 6 crosse crosslets,
+fitchy, arg. . . .
+
+G. 3 bars ermyne . . .                                        Kirketon
+
+Barry of 6, or and sa. . . .
+
+                        _Fenestrae Boreales_.
+
+B. a lyon's head erased betw. 6 crosses, botony,               Touthby
+arg. . . .
+
+Arg. 2 bars G. a border, sa. . . .
+
+Dymoke, each lyon charged sur l' espale with an                 Dymoke
+annulet . . .
+
+Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil, or . . .
+
+G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg . .            La Warre
+.
+
+Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa. . . .                     Welles
+
+                        _Fenestrae Australes_.
+
+G. 3 water-bougets, arg. . . .                                     Ros
+
+Or on fesse G. 3 plates . . .                             Huntingfield
+
+Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty . . .                Rochfort
+
+Rochfort with a garbe in the 2nd quarter, arg. . .            Rochfort
+.
+
+Rochfort with an annulet in the 2nd quarter, arg.             Rochfort
+. . .
+
+Or, a manche G. . . .                                         Hastings
+
+G. a bend ermyne . . .                                              Ry
+
+Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2nd                   Rochfort
+quarter, arg. . . .
+
+Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne . . .
+
+                    _In Fenestra Borealis Navis_.
+
+G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg. .             La Warre
+. .
+
+Arg. on a bend, G. 3 gryphons heads erased, or . .
+.
+
+                           _In Campanili_.
+
+Joh'es Staines W. Jo. {192b}
+
+MAREHAM-LE-FEN.
+
+
+Mareham-le-Fen lies about six miles south from Horncastle, and five miles
+eastward of Tattershall station, with a population of more than 800.
+Letters _via_ Boston arrive by mail cart at 7.30 a.m.  This is the seat
+of a considerable industry, carried on by Mr. Titus Kime, as a grower of
+greatly improved varities of potatoes, agricultural seed, and, latterly
+on a large scale, of bulbs of different kinds, in which he seems likely
+to compete with the Dutch trade.
+
+The church, which is dedicated to St. Helen, is a fine structure of
+oolite stone, probably one of the largest in the neighbourhood, except
+the collegiate church of Tattershall.  It consists of tower, nave, north
+and south aisles, south porch and chancel.  The body of the church was
+restored in 1873, and re-opened on June 13th of that year, at a cost of
+more than 2,000 pounds, by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor;
+the then rector, the Rev. W. Sharpe restoring the chancel, and the
+parishioners and other friends the tower.  The latter consists of three
+tiers, having a small square window in the south and north walls below,
+with a two-light floriated window on the west.  In the tier above are
+two-light windows on all four faces.  At the summit it has battlements
+and four tall pinnacles.  There are three bells, the date of the largest
+being 1627.  The body of the church is also battlemented, and has
+pinnacles, the westernmost of these having the figures, within a niche,
+of St. George and the dragon.
+
+The south porch has an early English doorway within, the outer one being
+modern.  In the moulding above the inner doorway is a curiously crowned
+head, probably representing the Empress Helena, the patron saint; other
+curious devices running down the moulding on each side.  To the right of
+the inner doorway are initials M.S., date 1681.  The font has a large
+octagonal bowl, with heads at the angles, and elaborate trefoil devices
+on the faces; the shaft is plain, octagonal, the pediment a stone cross.
+
+              [Picture: St. Helen's Church, Mareham-Le-Fen]
+
+Both aisles have four lofty bays, with early English columns.  In the
+north aisle is one three-light perpendicular trefoiled window, in its
+western wall; in the north wall, on each side of the north door, is a
+three-light perpendicular window, with mullions interlacing; and to the
+east a four-light round-headed trefoiled window.  Over the north door is
+a tablet, with a Latin inscription, commemorative of the Rev. H.
+Sheppard, a former rector, who died 24th Jan., 1764, aged 62.  Beneath it
+is a cherub with outspread wings.  In the wall, east of the north door,
+is a tablet bearing the inscription: "This church was relighted in memory
+of Francis Thorpe, who lost his life, by an accident, while working in
+the church near this spot, 22nd Sept., 1892."  The south aisle, at the
+west end, has a three-light broad interlaced window.  In the south wall,
+west of the porch, is a low doorway, now filled in, with step at its
+base, probably formerly leading to a parvis, or priest's chamber.  East
+of the porch are two round-headed three-light trefoiled perpendicular
+windows.  In the chancel the east window, of coloured glass, is lofty,
+with three lights, and six trefoils above.  The subjects are divided into
+upper and lower rows; the upper are the Ascension in the centre, with the
+Resurrection to the left, and to the right the disciples grouped round
+the virgin; the lower are the Crucifixion in the centre, Christ bearing
+His cross to the left, and the entombment to the right.  This window was
+by Lavers, Barrand and Westlake; it was given in memory of the late Mr.
+Joseph Corbett, by his son, C. J. Corbett, Architect, of Imber Court,
+Surrey.
+
+The reredos has three compartments; the central device is a cross, with
+rays of glory, and the monogram I.H.S.; on the right and left are doubly
+pointed, crocheted, arches; the device in the northernmost being a crown
+of thorns, with the three nails, surrounded by a circle; next to it three
+interlaced circles; on the south side interlaced triangles, and a plain
+cross.  The east wall, up to the height of the reredos, is faced with
+alabaster.
+
+In the south wall of the chancel is a wide stone seat, and above it a
+two-light trefoiled window.  In the north chancel wall is a trefoiled
+credence table.  There is a tablet to the memory of William Goodenough,
+formerly rector, Archdeacon of Carlisle (the benefice formerly being in
+the patronage of the Bishops of Carlisle), who died 13th Dec., 1854; and
+commemorating his wife Mary Anne, daughter of Dr. Samuel Goodenough,
+Bishop of Carlisle; she dying 3rd Jan., 1847, aged 75.  The memorial was
+erected by their only surviving child, Mrs. Hawkins.
+
+The choir sittings are of carved modern oak; the pulpit is also of the
+same, on a stone base, and the lectern.  The chancel arch is lofty, the
+modern side columns having richly carved capitals.  Some of the stones of
+the original arch were found built into the chimney of a cottage near at
+hand.  The sittings in the nave, and the roof timbers, are of pitch pine.
+The base of the tower forms a roomy vestry.
+
+In the churchyard is the lower part of the shaft of a cross, standing on
+an octagonal base.  Opposite the east end of the south aisle is a
+tombstone in memory of James Roberts, "who sailed round the world in
+company with Sir Joseph Banks, in the years 1768-71, on board H.M.S. the
+Endeavour, Lieut. James Cook, Commander," attending him "also on other
+voyages." {194a}  The tomb of Archdeacon Goodenough is on the north-east
+side of the church.  Within a few feet of the south buttress of the tower
+is a fragment of an old tombstone, shewing part of a foliated cross on
+both sides, and the monogram I.H.S., in old characters, probably Saxon;
+Mareham being one of the 222 parishes in the county which had a church in
+Saxon times {194b}
+
+Gervase Holles (temp. Chas. I.) gives the following arms and
+inscriptions, as existing in the church in his time.  In the east window:
+
+Empaled       Arg' a crosse sa.
+
+              Arg. on a crosse G. a bezant.
+
+              Arg, a crosse sa.
+
+Empaled       Quarterly arg. and G., on the 1st and 4th quarters a
+              popinjay vert. membred and beked G.
+
+In the western window on the left of the tower:
+
+    Orate pro a'ia Joh'is Tott, Agnet, et Helene, uxorum ejus, &
+    specialiter pro Andrea Tott, Artium Baccalaureo, qui istam fenestram
+    lapidari, necnon vitreari fecit.
+
+Over the buttress, on the east side:
+
+    Quarterly Ufford and Beke . . .                     Willoughby
+
+       3 crosses portate . . .
+
+       2 chevrons between 3 roses . . .
+
+       A crosse . . .
+
+       A lyon passant . . .
+
+    "Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur, 1591."
+    {195a}
+
+The register dates from 1558.  An entry records that on 22nd Nov., 1685,
+a "Briefe was read and published, for Saresden in Oxfordshire, for loss
+valued at 1,449 pounds.  Granted June 14th, 1686."  Another entry, under
+date 23rd Nov., 1685, is as follows: "Thomas Eresby of Revvesby maketh
+oath yt Theodosie, his daughter, who was buried in the churchyard upon
+Sunday last, was wound and wrapped up in woollen only, according to the
+late Act of Parliament, in yt case made."  In explanation of this it may
+be stated that in 1677 British and Irish woollens were prohibited in
+France, which injured the woollen trade very much; and in the next year
+(1678) in order to encourage the trade at home, it was enacted by 29
+Charles II., c. 3, that all persons, except those who died of the plague,
+should be buried in wool, under a penalty of 5 pounds. {195b}  Another
+entry states that a collection was made, the amount not known, to afford
+relief, after the great fire in London, Sept., 1666.
+
+The rectory, adjoining the church, stands in a large, well wooded garden.
+It is a good substantial residence, rebuilt by Archdeacon Goodenough in
+1818-19, and much improved in 1855.  In the entrance hall are two old
+prints of the church and rectory before their restoration, dated 1785.
+They were presented to the late rector, Rev. W. Sharpe, by Alfred
+Cobbett, Esq., and they are preserved as heirlooms by the rectors for the
+time being.  The Rev. F. J. Williamson is the present rector, late of
+Lydgate.  The Bishop of Manchester is patron of the benefice; the
+patronage of this, and several other benefices in this neighbourhood,
+formerly held by the Bishops of Carlisle, being transferred to the See of
+Manchester some years after its creation, in 1848.
+
+The national school, built in 1840, is endowed with nearly an acre of
+land, given by Archdeacon Goodenough; it was considerably enlarged by J.
+Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1877.  Some of the inhabitants are entitled to
+the benefits of the almshouses at Revesby.  There is a navigable drain
+from the Witham, passing near the village, affording communication with
+New Bolingbroke and Boston.  A former part of the parish is now included
+in the district of Wildmoor Fen.
+
+In Liber Regis this parish is named "Marrow, alias Marym, alias Mareham
+in le Fen."  It is called in _Domesday Book_ Meringe (or the sea-ing,
+_i.e._ sea-meadow).  Another form was Marum; the Revesby Charters, Nos.
+47 and 48, mention a piece of land, near the boundary of Marum, called
+"Mare Furlong," and the grass (Psamma arenaria) which now grows on the
+sea banks is commonly called Marrum grass.  All these names probably
+refer to the marish (Latin, mariscum), or marsh, character of the
+locality, caused by its proximity to the sea (le mer), which then came
+much nearer than it does now, and frequently flooded the land.
+
+The manor was given by the Conqueror to the powerful Norman, Robert
+Despenser, who, as his name implies, was the King's High Steward.  He was
+the ancestor of the Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, and he held 15
+manors in Lincolnshire alone, besides 17 in Leicestershire, and several
+in other counties.  Much of the land of this parish was at a later period
+given to Revesby Abbey, and at the dissolution of the monasteries some of
+this was granted by Henry VIII, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.
+{196a}  In later times it became, by purchase, the property of Mr. Joseph
+Banks, M.P. for Grimsby, born in 1681, and eventually came to his
+distinguished descendant, Sir Joseph Banks; and on his death some of the
+Mareham land passed to the ancestors of the present Sir Henry M. Hawley.
+Other proprietors are now Major Gape, Messrs. J. R. Chapman, Joseph Lake,
+and other smaller owners.
+
+Among the Lincolnshire gentry called upon (with the Massingberds,
+Heneages, and many others) to furnish "launces and light horse," in the
+16th century, when the Spanish armada was expected, was one "John May of
+Mairing," who failed to present himself at the muster in 1584, but in
+1586 supplied "one light horse." {196b}
+
+In Notes on Low Toynton mention is made of the old family of Newcomen,
+originally "of Salaby," _i.e._ Saltfleetby, where many generations of
+them were buried, from the time of Richard I.  They married into
+influential and titled families, in various parts of the county.  Charles
+Newcomen lived at Hagnaby in 1634, and bought land in Revesby.  A
+Newcomen lived in Mareham in the 17th century.  They were connected, by
+marriage, with the family of Sir Joseph Banks, as Mr. Banks, grandfather
+of Sir Joseph, had a house in Lincoln, the adjoining one being occupied
+by Newcomen Wallis, Esq., and Mr. Banks married Catherine the widow of
+Mr. Wallis (see the Banks monument in Revesby church, north aisle), whose
+mother was daughter and co-heir of Nicholas Newcomen, Esq. {196c}
+
+We here give a few old records in connection with this parish in the
+past.  The Court Roll of Mareham-le-Fen (preserved among the documents of
+the Listers of Burwell) for 2 Elizabeth, shows that, at that date (A.D.
+1559), Thomas Glenham, Esq. (variously written Glemham), had the Manor of
+Mareham.  In the 23rd Elizabeth it is recorded that Charles Glenham,
+Esq., by his lawful attorney, Francis Colby, of Glenham Parva, Esq.,
+granted leases for seven years to divers tenants in Mareham.  Thomas
+owned also the Manors of Calceby, Belchford, Oxcomb, and Burwell; these
+he sold to Sir Matthew Lister, afterwards of Burwell.  He married Amye,
+daughter of Sir Henry Parker. {196d}
+
+In a suit, instituted 29th May, 1239, between William de Bavent,
+plaintiff, and Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, defendant, regarding the
+advowson of the church of "Merum," the said William "quit claimed" all
+his right to the said advowson, to the bishop and his heirs for ever; and
+in return for this the bishop gave him 10 marks.  In the old record,
+Testa de Nevill, folio 556 (circa 1326), Walter de Bavent held certain
+lands in Marum, "by service of falconry," _i.e._ by providing yearly, in
+lieu of rent, one "gay goss-hawk," or more, for the use of the Lord of
+the Manor. {196e}
+
+Robert de Weston, Rector of Marum, by his will, dated 3rd March, 1389,
+requested that he might be buried in Marum Church.  He bequeathed to the
+Mendicant Friars of Boston 6s. 8d. "to remember me in their masses," to
+Lady Margaret Hawteyn, Nun of Ormsby, 10s.; to Trinity College,
+Cambridge, a book called "Johannes in Collectario," to every fellow there
+2s., and every scholar 1s.  Among other bequests are to Mgr. Eudo la
+Zouch "12 cocliaria nova de argento" (_i.e._ 12 new spoons of silver); to
+"John Geune my clerk a missal of the new use of sarum", and "masses for
+souls of Walter ffelsted, William Stel, and James de Medringham.
+Executors, Eudo la Zouch, John ffoston my chaplin, &c., the residue of my
+goods to be sold, as quickly as possible, communi pretio, so that the
+purchasers may be bound to pray for my soul."
+
+William Leych, parson of Mareham, by will dated 11th Aug, 1556, requests
+that he may be buried "in the quire of St. Helen."  "To my brother Robert
+Leych 12 silver spoons, to Sir John Richardson 6 great books, containing
+the holle course of the bybyll, and a repetorii, and a concordance"; to
+Sir John Morland "Opera Chrisostomi & Sancti Thomas, & Haymo super
+epistolas sauli"; to Mr. Lancelot Sawkeld "Deane of Carlyle 20s., praying
+him to cause a dirige and masses to be said for me . . . I make Mr.
+Arthur Dymok and Mr. Robert Dymok supervisors."
+
+                [Picture: Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen]
+
+Henry Ayscough, of Blyborough, by will dated 19 Oct., 1611, left lands in
+Mareham-le-Fen, and the Manor of Tumby, and other lands, to his
+grandsons.  In connection with this we may mention that the late Sir
+Henry James Hawley married, as his first wife, Elizabeth Askew, a
+descendant of the same family.  The Ayscoughs (or Askews) were a
+distinguished Lincolnshire and Yorkshire family, and have still numerous
+representatives. {198a}
+
+Here is another record of the same family.  By will, dated 15th April,
+1612, Walter Ayscoughe, of Mareham-le-Fen, left to his wife Bridget 20
+pounds annuity, and other property, for her life; then to his sons Henry
+and Walter, and two daughters Margaret and Elizabeth; also 12d. to the
+same; and 5s. to Nicholas Cressey, gent, supervisor, witness Clynton
+Ayscoughe; proved at Horncastle, 2nd May, 1613.  To this family belonged
+Anne Askew the martyr, who was the younger daughter of Sir William
+Ayscough, Bart., of Stallingborough.  Their property eventually came to
+the late Ascoghe Boucherett, of South Willingham.
+
+Next we find one of the old family of Newcomen, already referred to,
+"Edward Newcomen of Mareham-le-Fenne, by will, proved at Horncastle, 1st
+July, 1614," leaving to his daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, 10 pounds
+each, the same to his son Robert, and the residue to his wife; the
+personality being 120 pounds 3s. 8d., a vastly larger sum in those days
+than now.
+
+Another will is that of Annie Elie, widow, of Mareham-le-Fen, dated 13th
+July, 1616, in which she desires "to be buried in the church," so that
+she was probably some one of importance.  She leaves everything to her
+son-in-law John Wymberley, and her daughter Susan Wymberley. {198b}
+
+Among the deeds and charters of Revesby Abbey, privately printed by the
+Right Hon. E. Stanhope a few years ago, No. 24 gives, among the witnesses
+to a deed of gift, the name of Eda, wife of Richard, Priest of Mareham
+(temp. Henry II., or Richard I).  Hence it is evident that celibacy was
+not strictly enforced on the clergy at that period. {198c}  Among the
+witnesses to other deeds are Robert, Priest of Marum, and Richard, Priest
+of Marum, A.D. 1172.  The deed of gift of certain lands to Revesby Abbey
+(No. 29), by a certain John, is stamped with a round seal, having an
+equestrian figure, and the legend Sigillum Johannis de Maringe.  By
+another deed William, son of John of Maring, gives certain lands; the
+seal bearing a lion and dog, or fox "contourne regardant," {198d} the
+legend of this is Sigill. Will. de Marige.
+
+With these records and associations with the past, the parish of Mareham
+may surely be said to have a history on which its people may well look
+back with interest and satisfaction.
+
+
+
+MOORBY.
+
+
+Moorby lies about 4.5 miles from Horncastle, and about 1.5 miles beyond
+Scrivelsby, in a south-easterly direction.  Letters _via_ Boston arrive
+at 9.30.
+
+The registers date from 1561, but contain no entries of any particular
+interest.  The church, dedicated to All Saints, has undergone several
+transformations.  This was one of the 222 parishes which possessed a
+church before the Norman conquest, and it still contains a fragment (to
+be noticed later on) which is apparently of Saxon origin.  Both Weir in
+his History (1828), and Saunders (1834) agree in stating that in the
+early part of the 19th century the church was "totally destitute of
+interest."  _The Gazetteer_ of 1863 describes it vaguely as a "Gothic
+structure."  It was rebuilt in 1864, from designs by Mr. James Fowler,
+Architect, of Louth, at a cost of 1,100 pounds, defrayed by J. Banks
+Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; and was further repaired in 1891, by
+public subscription.  It consists of nave, chancel, vestry, north porch,
+and small square tower at the north-west angle, with low spire containing
+one bell.  It is built chiefly of brick with facings of Ancaster stone.
+
+In the north wall of the nave are a couple of two-light windows, in the
+Perpendicular style; in the south wall are three two-light windows; all
+these having bands of red and black brick alternately.  In the west wall
+are two single-light lancet windows, with an ox-eye window above.  In the
+chancel there is a small lancet window in the north wall, and a square
+aumbrey.  The east end has a three-light plain lancet window; beneath
+which is a stone reredos, having three compartments filled with encaustic
+tiles, having, as their designs, in the centre a cross in gilt, and Alpha
+and Omega, within ox-eyes, on either side.  In the south wall in front of
+the vestry is a lancet-shaped doorway, and, west of it, an arcade of two
+lancet apertures, supported by four columns of serpentine.  Within the
+vestry is a two-light lancet window; and let into the eastern wall is a
+small slab, having four grotesque figures, one blowing a kind of bagpipe,
+the others dancing.  This is said to have been a portion of a "minstrel
+pillar," it is apparently Saxon, and is probably a relic from the
+original fabric.  The chancel arch is of red and black bricks, in
+alternate bands, the capitals nicely carved in stone, supported by small
+serpentine columns.  The pulpit is of Caen stone, having a cross within a
+circle on the front panel, and one serpentine column.  The chancel choir
+stalls are of good modern oak; the sittings in the nave and the roof
+being of pitch pine.
+
+The font is the most remarkable feature of the church.  It has a large
+square bowl; the device on the east side is a skeleton being drawn from
+the tomb by two angels, doubtless emblematic of the "death unto sin and
+new birth unto righteousness," accomplished in baptism.  On the north
+face is the virgin and child, with the sun and moon in the corners above.
+On the south side is a figure in long vestment, apparently sitting on an
+altar, much defaced.  On the west are six figures, much defaced, in the
+attitude of prayer.  At the four angles are quatrefoiled niches, having
+at their bases, alternately, a crowned head and a mitre.  This may have
+been of the 14th century.  The shaft is square and modern, with columns
+at the angles.
+
+The communion plate is modern, except the paten, which bears the
+inscription "Matthew Sympson, M.A., instituted Rector of Moorby, Feb. 28,
+1705, collated Prebendary of Lincoln, June 25, 1718, Rector of Wenington,
+May 29, 1728."  The present Rector is the Rev. R. C. Oake, late Vicar of
+Broughton, Manchester.  The rectory of Moorby is consolidated with the
+vicarage of Wood Enderby.
+
+By deed dated Nov. 24th, 1855, the guardians of the poor, by consent of
+the ratepayers, gave certain land in Moorby for the site of a parish
+school to the minister, churchwardens, and overseers, and their
+successors; and more recently a school district has been formed for the
+parishes of Moorby, Wood Enderby, Claxby, and Wilksby; the school, which
+was built in 1855, being enlarged in 1872, to provide the accommodation
+required by this union.
+
+Moorby was one of the "thousand four hundred and forty-two manors" which
+William the Conqueror took as his own portion, when he divided the lands
+of England among his Norman followers.  Being in the Soke of Horncastle,
+it was doubtless granted, along with that manor, and those of West Ashby,
+High Toynton, and several others, to Adelias or Alice de Cundi, daughter
+of William de Cheney, Lord of Caenby ann Glentham, and wife of Roger de
+Cundi.  As she took part against King Stephen, in favour of the Empress
+Maud, he took the property from her; but eventually restored it to her,
+on condition that she should demolish her castle at Horncastle; this
+however was only for life, the estates again reverting to the crown.
+Henry II. made a grant of them to Gerbald le Escald, a Fleming noble, who
+was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes.  His son, Ralph
+de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III., sold the manors to Walter
+Mauclerke, Bishop of Carlisle, and until recently the patronage of Moorby
+benefice belonged to the Bishops of Carlisle.  After the creation of the
+See of Manchester, the patronage, with that of High Toynton,
+Mareham-le-Fen, &c., was transferred to the Bishops of Manchester.
+
+_Domesday Book_, describing the soke of the Manor of Horncastle, says "In
+Morebi there are 3 carucates of land (or about 360 acres).  There are 6
+soc-men, and 10 bordars, who have 4 carucates (or 480 acres).  There is a
+church and a priest (evidently a resident; of whom, according to Sir
+Henry Ellis, there were only 130 in the country), and 240 acres of meadow
+and 6 acres of underwood."  In the old record, Testa de Nevill (circa
+1326-1328), the benefice of "Morby" is said to be "of the gift of the
+lord the king," _i.e._ Edward II. or III.  The original charters of Henry
+III., granting these manors to the Bishops of Carlisle, were confirmed by
+Henry VI.; but in course of time they passed to the Brandons, and to
+various other proprietors, until the ancestor of Sir Joseph Banks became
+lessee of the Manor of Horncastle, and also acquired the Manor of Moorby;
+to which James Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late Right Hon. Edward
+Stanhope succeeded; although T. Elsey, the Artindale family, and the
+trustees of Bardney school, own portions of the parish.
+
+In the year 1554 (Aug. 6th) Thomas Bewley, Clerk, was admitted to this
+benefice by Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, it being "vacant by deprivation."
+This was the 2nd year of the reign of Queen Mary, of ill memory.
+Doubtless the offence of the ejected predecessor was that he was married,
+which was contrary to the papistic ideas, revived in that brief reign.
+Numbers of beneficed clergy were deprived at that time for this offence.
+
+A few old records of some interest are preserved connected with Moorby,
+of which we give two or three samples here.  First we have a family of
+the name of Moreby, of whom more than one mention is made.  Roger Moreby,
+by will dated Saturday after the Feast of St. Botolph, 1394, commends his
+soul to St. Mary and all the saints; he requests that his body may be
+buried in Croyland parish church; he leaves 40s. to be given to the poor
+on the day of his burial, and money to provide torches and wax for the
+church, and the altars of St. Katharine, St. John the Baptist, and Holy
+Trinity; he bequeaths 10 pounds of silver to his wife, and other items.
+Again, by will dated the Feast of St. Thomas the apostle, 1368, Gervase
+de Wylleford bequeaths 100s. to John Moreby his cousin.
+
+The family of Ayscough, formerly so widely represented in the county,
+were connected with Moorby.  By will, dated 16th Nov., 1601, Henry
+Ascoughe, Gent., desires to be buried in the parish church of "Morebie,"
+leaving to his sister "Elizabeth Aiscoughe (his) hereditaments in Morebie
+for life, then to go to his brother Matthew."  His sister is also to have
+lands which he had leased to Sir Henry Glenham, Knight. {201a}  He
+further leaves to her, as executrix, "10 pounds to be good and to my poor
+sister Margarette."  To his brother Simon he bequeaths "the best
+apparrell of my bodie, with riding furniture, and my baie gelding,
+rapier, dagger, and pistol," and further bequests.  The testator was son
+of Christopher Ayscough, of Bliborough, and married, apparently without
+issue, Margaret, daughter of Symon Battell, of Denham, Suffolk.
+
+Like the not very distant Wildmore Fen, in which it now has a modern
+allotment of 14 acres of glebe land.  The name of Moorby tells of its
+condition at the time when it acquired that designation, which means the
+"by," _i.e._ "byre," or farmstead on the moor. {201b}  The moorland has
+now entirely disappeared under the plough, and only young plantations
+represent its former wild, woodland character.
+
+
+
+WOOD ENDERBY.
+
+
+Wood Enderby lies about four miles south by east from Horncastle.
+Letters _via_ Boston arrive at 10.30 a.m.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Benedict, consists of nave, north aisle, and
+chancel, a low tower, with graceful broach spire, containing one bell,
+and small vestry.  It is built of a warm-tinted green sandstone, with
+free stone dressings; the style of its architecture is a combination of
+the early English and Decorated periods.  It was almost entirely rebuilt
+in 1860, at a cost of about 1,000 pounds.  The south door, which is in
+the tower, has an Early English arch of five mouldings.  There is a plain
+trefoiled window above in the tower; the lower part of the spire having
+two lancet windows, with a circle above them, and a small single-light
+window on each side, half way up.  In the west wall of the tower is a
+three-light window, with two trefoils and a quatrefoil above.  This is
+filled with coloured glass, having the texts "I am the way, the truth,
+and the life," "Where two or three are gathered together in My name,
+there am I in the midst of them," and "No man cometh unto the Father but
+by Me."  There are similar windows, but without coloured glass, in all
+four faces of the tower.  At the north-west angle of the tower is a
+staircase turret.  Within the south door, against the west wall, is an
+old stone coffin, with broken lid, ornamented with an incised floriated
+cross; this was discovered at the time of the restoration.
+
+The arcade of the north aisle is of three bays, being part of the old
+church, in Early English style, with plain arches, supported on one
+octagonal pier and one shafted pier, with dog-tooth ornament, the former
+having foliage on the capital.  In the north wall of the nave are three
+square-headed windows of three lights, with trefoils above, the glass
+being plain, except a border of red, purple, and yellow.  In the south
+wall are three two-light windows, with trefoil and circle above; the
+glass being modern, with various coloured scripture texts.
+
+The sittings are of deal, with plain poppy-heads.  The pulpit is of
+modern oak, of five panels, each panel being divided into two trefoiled
+arched partitions; the central panel having a trefoil above, and below it
+a square piece of carved old oak, representing Elijah blessing the cruse
+of oil for the widow of Zarephath.  The vestry, at the east end of the
+north aisle, has one small trefoiled window.  The tower and the spire
+were added at the restoration.  The chancel has a decorated east window
+of three lights, with three quatrefoils above.  It is filled with modern
+coloured glass, the subjects being, in the centre the Saviour risen from
+the tomb, on the left an angel seated at the tomb, and on the right the
+Magdalen.  There is an inscription, "Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not,
+for I am not yet ascended to my Father; but go to my brethren, and say
+unto them, I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to my God and
+your God.  John xx, 17."
+
+The north and south chancel walls have each one two-light trefoiled
+window, with quatrefoil above; plain glass, except the coloured band.  In
+the south wall is a curious square projecting Norman piscina, with fluted
+basin, and fluted sides.  In the north wall is an arched sepulchral
+recess.  The chancel arch is plain Early English.  The roof, like the
+sittings, is of pitch pine.  The font has a plain octagonal large bowl of
+Barnack stone, its upper rim being modern, the shaft plain quadrilateral,
+with plain square columns at the angles; base and pediment octagonal.
+
+The register dates from 1561.  It begins with the note "The Register
+booke of Woodenderbye, containing herein ye names of all such as have
+been married, burried, and christened, from Michaelmas 1561, to
+Michaelmas 1562."  The first five or six entries are illegible, and the
+others contain nothing of special interest.  The benefice, a vicarage, is
+consolidated with the rectory of Moorby, and is now held by the Rev. R.
+C. Oake.
+
+As the name of Moorby indicated the character of the locality in former
+times, when that name was first acquired, so Wood Enderby means the
+"bye," _i.e._ "byre," or farmstead "at the end of the wood," as it
+borders on what was once the forest tract of "Tumby Chase"; Haltham wood,
+near at hand, being a relic of that former wild region. {202}
+
+W. H. Trafford, Esq., is Lord of the Manor.  The Hon. Mr. Stanhope owns a
+large part of the land; and portions belong to the Rev. G. Ward, and
+other smaller owners.  The late Miss Trafford Southwell founded an infant
+school in the village; the older children attending the Moorby school.
+The poor parishioners receive 6d. each at Christmas, left by an unknown
+donor, out of the farm now owned by Rev. G. Ward, of Mavis Enderby.
+
+The ancient history of Wood Enderby is much the same as that of Moorby.
+It was one of the minor demesnes, within the Soke of Horncastle, and
+attached to that manor; as were also West Ashby, High Toynton,
+Mareham-on-the-Hill, and other parishes.  It would thus also be among the
+estates of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and when his main line
+became extinct, and the property was divided among collateral branches,
+Wood Enderby, with Wilksby and Revesby, fell to the share of Mr. John
+Carsey, or Kersey; his wife, the daughter of Sir Thomas Lovell, Knight,
+being grand-daughter of Margaret, sister and co-heir of the Duke of
+Suffolk.  He owned the property from 1552 to 1575, and he and his son
+Francis jointly sold it to Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer Burleigh.  He
+held it from 1575 to 1598, when it passed in succession to the 1st and
+2nd Earls of Exeter, and to Elizabeth, Lady Howard, wife of the Earl of
+Berkshire, in 1640, and so in 1658 to Henry Howard; in 1663 to his cousin
+Craven Howard, who built the former residence at Revesby; and, after his
+death, the property was sold by the daughters of Henry Howard to the
+Banks family; whence the manor has descended to the present proprietors
+of Revesby.
+
+The manor, like that of Moorby and other parishes already named, would at
+one time belong to the Bishops of Carlisle, and they were till recently
+patrons of the benefice; the patronage, within late years, being
+transferred to the Bishops of Manchester, after the creation of that See
+in 1848.
+
+At an earlier date, being an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle, this
+demesne would be owned at one period by Gerard and Ralph de Rhodes; and
+this is shewn by the following records among the Final Concords, date 3rd
+Feb., 1224-5, whereby an agreement was arrived at between Henry del
+Ortiay and Sabina his wife, on the one part, and Ralph de Rhodes on the
+other part, as to certain lands in Moorby, Enderby, Horncastle, and other
+parishes, that the said Henry and Sabina should recognise the said lands
+as belonging to the said Ralph; he, on his part, granting to them other
+lands there, specially designated, they rendering to him "therefor by the
+year, one pair of gilt spurs, at Easter, for all service and exaction."
+{203a}  This agreement was settled "at the court of the Lord the King at
+Westminster on the morrow of the purification of the blessed Mary, in the
+9th year of King Henry III. {203b}
+
+In the old records, Testa de Nevill (circa 1326-28), it is stated that
+"the churches of Horncastre, Askeby (West Ashby), Upper Thinton (High
+Toynton), of Meringes (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and of Hinderby (Wood
+Enderby), are of the gift of the lord; and Osbert, the parson, holds them
+of King Richard."
+
+In _Domesday Book_ it is stated that at the time of the Conqueror, there
+were "400 acres of wood pasturage" in the parish, a sufficient reason for
+its designation.  Like Moorby, it was among the manors seized by the
+Conqueror, for his portion of the plunder taken from our Saxon
+forefathers.  In Saxon times the Thane, Siward, had land here; which was
+given by the Conqueror to his steward, Robert Despenser, brother of the
+Earl Montgomery. {203c}
+
+
+
+CONINGSBY.
+
+
+This is a large village, about 8 miles from Horncastle, in a southerly
+direction.  It is bounded on the north by Tattershall Thorpe, on the west
+by Tattershall, on the south by Wildmore, and on the east by Tumby and
+Mareham-le-Fen.  Its area is 3,442 acres, including the hamlet of
+Hawthorn Hill; rateable value 5,160 pounds; population 1,192.  Apart from
+a limited number of shops and three inns, the people are engaged mainly
+in agriculture.  The soil is mostly a light sand, with a subsoil of
+gravel deposits and clay.  The nearest railway station is at Tattershall,
+distant about 1.5 miles.
+
+The owners of over 50 acres are Lord Willoughby de Eresby, M.P., Lord of
+the Manor; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., J.P.; F. Sherwin; J. Rodgers; J.
+Burcham Rogers, J.P.; Mrs. Evison; the rector, Rev. Canon A. Wright,
+M.A., J.P., Rural Dean and Canon of Lincoln.  Smaller owners, about 50.
+The only gentleman's seat now existing is the hall, the residence of J.
+B. Rogers, Esq., J.P.
+
+The old custom of ringing the pancake bell on Shrove Tuesday is still
+kept up.  The annual feast is held in the week after St. Michael's Day,
+the patron saint.  The "Ignitegium," or curfew, was rung within the last
+35 years, but has been discontinued, the parish being now lighted by gas.
+
+There are a few field names, indicating the former "woodland and waste"
+{204} character of the locality.  The Ings, or meadows, so common
+throughout the district; Oatlands; Scrub Hill, scrub being an old
+Lincolnshire word for a small wood; Reedham, referring to the morass;
+Toothill, probably a "look-out" over the waste; Langworth, probably a
+corruption of lang-wath, the long ford; Troy Wood, may be British,
+corresponding to the Welsh caertroi, a labyrinth or fort of mounds.  The
+hamlets are Dogdyke, a corruption of Dock-dyke (the sea having once
+extended to these parts); Hawthorn Hill, Scrub Hill.  There is an
+enclosure award in the possession of the clerk of the Parish Council.
+
+The parish register dates from 1561.  The church plate is modern, chalice
+and paten dated 1870; the flagon is older and more massive, but has no
+date.  The Earl of Ancaster is patron of the benefice, a rectory, with
+good house, enlarged about 30 years ago, and 500 acres of glebe.
+
+The National School was built by subscription and government grant in
+1836, at a cost of about 230 pounds, exclusive of the site, which was
+given by the late Sir Gilbert Heathcote.  It was enlarged in 1875 at cost
+of 300 pounds.  The master has 3 pound per annum, left by the Rev. R.
+Kelham in 1719, also the dividend of 100 pounds 3.5 per cent. reduced
+consols, bought by the bequest of the Rev. Mr. Boawre, Rector, in 1784.
+
+The charities are Banks, _viz._ 2 pounds a year from land in Haltham, for
+bread for the poor; Metham's, for poor widows, from houses and land in
+Wisbech, left by Geo. Metham in 1685; Lawrence's, for coats for poor men,
+from land in Leake, left by Robt. Lawrence in 1721.
+
+The Horncastle canal traverses the parish, but is now a derelict.
+
+There was formerly a castle in this parish, the residence of a family of
+the name of Coningsby, but no traces of it remain, unless it be in an
+ancient dovecote, placed among some fine trees to the east of the
+village.
+
+The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a large, and originally a fine,
+church, consisting of nave, with north and south aisles, an apsidal
+modern chancel, and a massive western tower.  This latter is of
+Perpendicular date, very plain, but of excellent ashlar work; it has a
+clock and six bells.  The ground stage has open arches to the north and
+south, with a groined roof above, and a thoroughfare through it.  In the
+eastern wall of the south porch is a stoup, which was formerly open, both
+within the porch and outside it.  Over the porch is a parvis or priest's
+chamber.  Outside the church, near the top of the wall of a cupola-shaped
+finial of the rood loft turret is an old sun dial.  The interior of the
+nave has a massive heavy roof of beams somewhat rudely cut, with traces
+of former colouring.
+
+The four western bays of the arcade are Early English, with low arches,
+the easternmost bay seems to have been added at a later date, the arch
+higher and wider.  The moulding between two of the north arches
+terminates in a head, on each side of which an evil spirit is whispering.
+Another terminal is the head of a woman wearing the "branks," or "scold's
+bridle."  On the south side of the chancel arch is a rood loft staircase
+turret, of which both the lower and upper door remain.
+
+At the restoration in 1872 the clerestory windows were spoilt by being
+reduced in height; externally their original design remains.  In the
+centre of the nave are two large sepulchral slabs, once bearing brasses,
+which are now gone, representing two civilians and their wives.  The
+apsidal chancel is quite out of keeping with the rest of the fabric.
+There are some remains of the old carved oak screen, and south of the
+communion table is an Early English capital, with piscina behind it.
+
+                [Picture: St. Michaels Church, Coningsby]
+
+The Notes on Churches, by Gervase Holles, shew that in his time (circa
+1630) the windows of this church abounded in coloured glass, of which not
+a vestige remains.  He gives, among the devices, the arms of Marmyon,
+Dymoke, Hillary, Welles, Hattecliffe, Umfraville, Willoughby, Ros,
+Tateshale, Bernake, Crumwell, Huntingfield, Rochfort, Beke, Boucher,
+Waterton, Hebden, Deyncourt, France and England, &c. {205}
+
+Among the rectors of this parish have been two poets, one the laureate of
+his day (1718), the Rev. Laurence Eusden, who died 1730.  The other, John
+Dyer, was born 1700, appointed to the benefice in 1752, by Sir John
+Heathcote, was the author of _Grongar Hill_, _The Fleece_, and _The Ruins
+of Rome_; he was honoured with a sonnet by Wordsworth.
+
+A congregation of Baptists was formed here under the Commonwealth, with
+an endowment for a minister.  The society still exists, their present
+chapel being erected in 1862; they have also a day school, built by Mr.
+John Overy in 1845.  The Wesleyans have a chapel, built in 1825, and
+others at Hawthorn Hill, Haven Bank, Moorside, and Meer Booth.  The
+Primitive Methodists have a chapel, built in 1854, and others at Reedham
+Corner and Scrub Hill.
+
+Of the early history of this parish we have scattered notices in various
+documents.  In _Domesday Book_ we find that Sortibrand, son of Ulf the
+Saxon, who was one of the lagmen of Lincoln, held a Berewick in
+Coningsby.  Land here is mentioned among the Conqueror's possessions.
+The powerful favourite of the Conqueror, Robert Despenser, laid claim to
+a fishery and lands in Coningsby; and the juryman of the wapentake of
+Horncastle decided that his claim was good, because Achi, his Saxon
+predecessor, had held the same in the time of Edward the Confessor.  From
+the same source we find that two other powerful Normans held land here,
+_viz._ Hugo d' Abrincis, surnamed "Lupus," or "The Wolf," from his fierce
+character; and Drogo de Bruere, who had the Conqueror's niece to wife.
+
+As with other parishes in this soke, we find from a Feet of Fines, 9
+Henry III., No. 52, that Ralph de Rhodes then held lands here.
+Subsequently the Marmyons, Dymokes, and Taillebois, all connected in the
+blazonry of the former memorial windows (as before mentioned), held
+property in the parish. {206a}  By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem,
+taken 31st May, 10 Henry VII., No. 72 (A.D. 1495), it was found that
+Robert Taillebois, Knt., with John Gygour, Warden of the college of
+Tateshale, was seized of the manor; while, further, in a Feet of Fines,
+19 Henry VII. (1503), John Mordaunt is acknowledged by Sir Edward
+Poynings, Sir Thomas Fynes, and others, to be the owner of lands in
+Coningsby, and elsewhere in the soke.  He held at least four other
+manors, and lands in many other parishes.  Also a Feet of Fines, 21 Henry
+VII. (1505), it was agreed before Humphrey Coningsby, Sergeant at Law,
+Sir Giles Daubeney, and others, that the Bishop of Winchester held
+certain property here.
+
+The Dymokes were patrons of the benefice; Sir Charles Dymoke presenting
+in 1682, after which the patronage passed to the Heathcote family (Liber
+Regis and Ecton's Thesaurus).  But an earlier connection with the Dymokes
+is shewn by a tombstone commemorative of "Anna, daughter of Thomas
+Dymoke, and his wife Margaret, que obijt . . .  Ao Dni 1462."
+
+In connection with the Humphrey Coningsby, named above, we have already
+mentioned that a castellated residence in this parish belonged to a
+family of that name.  This Humphrey was Judge of the King's Bench, and
+bought Hampton Court, co. Hereford, of Sir Thomas Cornwall, about 1510;
+where was preserved a painting of the old mansion at Coningsby. {206b}
+Thomas Coningsby was knighted by Elizabeth in 1591.  Sir Fitz-William
+Coningsby was Sheriff of the county, 1627; and for his loyalty to Charles
+I. his estates were confiscated by the Puritans.  His son was rewarded
+with a peerage by Charles II.; and saved the life of King William at the
+battle of the Boyne; but his two sons dying early, and he having no
+further issue, the title became extinct.
+
+In the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the Herald's Visitation in
+1634, we find the name of Clinton Whichcote, of Coningsby, a member of an
+old county family, still occupying a good position. {207a}
+
+
+
+WILKSBY.
+
+
+Wilksby lies about halfway between the parishes of Wood Enderby and
+Moorby, at a distance of about five miles from Horncastle, in a
+south-easterly direction.  Letters from Boston _via_ Revesby, arrive
+about 10.30 a.m.
+
+The ancient history of this parish is much the same as that of the
+adjoining parish of Moorby on the east, and Wood Enderby on the west.  It
+is called in _Domesday Book_ Wilchesbi, and Wilgesbi.  At the date of
+that survey (1086) there were four soc-men and five bordars, who had one
+carucate (or 120 acres) of land, and 20 acres of woodland; while the lord
+of the manor had one carucate in demesne, and five villeins, with two
+oxen in another carucate; with 20 acres of meadow and 40 acres of
+underwood; so that, like the neighbouring Moor-by and Wood Ender-by, this
+parish also was largely of a forest character.
+
+In this parish there was also "a Berewick of 1.5 carucates" (or 180
+acres); a Berewick meaning an outlying farm (from "bere" barley, and
+"wick" a village) belonging to another manor.
+
+The parish was one of the estates taken by the Conqueror for himself,
+probably then forming part of the great Tumby Chase.  He afterwards
+granted the manor to his steward, Robert Despenser, a powerful Norman
+noble, the ancestor of the Earls of Gloucester, brother of the Earl
+Montgomery, and of Urso de Abetot, hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire.
+He held 15 manors in Lincolnshire, and 17 in Leicestershire, beside
+others elsewhere.
+
+Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it would be connected with that manor,
+as were so many other neighbouring parishes; and doubtless by a similar
+process, to the cases of Moorby and Wood Enderby, it belonged
+successively to the Brandons, Dukes of Suffolk; the Cecils, Earls of
+Exeter; the Howards, Earls of Berkshire; and finally, by purchase, passed
+to the Banks family, and through them to the Stanhopes.
+
+Among the Assize Rolls (No. 319, m. 9 d) is a plea, made at Hertford,
+10th May, 1247, in which "Joan de Leweline (with another) offered herself
+against Silvester, Bishop of Karlisle," in a suit concerning "20 pounds
+of rent in Enderby, Moreby, Wilkesby and Cuningby, and the advowson of
+the church Moreby," in which the bishop failed to appear.  But in a Feet
+of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., No. 131, an agreement was made (21st
+July, A.D. 1248) by which the said Joan de Lewelyn (and others) did
+homage to the bishop, for these lands in Enderby, "Welkeby," &c., and the
+advowson of "Moresby," the bishop in turn granting to them "the homage
+and whole service of Ivo, son of Odo de Tymelby"; and they holding the
+land, &c., "in chief of the aforesaid bishop; and doing therefor the
+fourth part of the service of one knight." {207b}
+
+In another document, a Final Concord, dated 27th May, 1240, between Alan
+de Dauderby and Alice de Lysurs, it was agreed that Alice should "acquit
+him of the service which Robert de Theleby exacts . . . of half a
+knight's fee, for which she is mesne."  She further agrees that Alan and
+his heirs shall hold certain tenements of Alice and her heirs; to wit, 12
+oxgangs and 80 acres of land, two messuages, with a rent of 12s. 8d., and
+two parts of a mill in Theleby, Wilkeby, Burton; and a meadow called
+Utemyng, for the service a fourth part of a knight's fee; and for this
+Alan gave her 10 marks.
+
+The former of these records shews that, like the other parishes connected
+with the Manor of Horncastle, the Bishops of Carlisle were at one period
+patrons of the benefice (and probably owners of the manor) of Wilkesby;
+but, while in the case of several other parishes, this patronage
+continues (only transferred to the Bishops of Manchester) to the present
+day, the patronage of Wilksby passed to others.  According to Liber Regis
+in 1711 and 1720 Lewis Dymoke presented to the benefice.  In 1764, by
+some arrangement, George Willows, Gent., presented; but again, in 1833,
+it was in the patronage of the Hon. the Champion, H. Dymoke, who
+appointed to the rectory a relative, the Rev. J. Bradshaw Tyrwhitt, one
+of a very old, knightly, Lincolnshire family, the Tyrwhitts of
+Stainfield, Kettleby, &c.  A tablet to his memory is erected in the
+church at Scrivelsby. {208a}  The patronage was subsequently acquired by
+J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., and is annexed to the chaplaincy of Revesby,
+which has no permanent endowment.
+
+Among the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the Herald's Visitation
+in 1634, and preserved at the Heralds' College, along with the Dymocks of
+Scrivelsby, Haltham, Kyme and Lincoln, is Paganell Hartgrave of Wilksby.
+{208b}
+
+The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a mean structure, erected in the
+18th century, of brick and Spilsby sandstone, standing on the site of an
+earlier church, of which nothing seems to remain except the font.  It
+consists of nave and chancel, both on a very small scale, and a wooden
+bell-turret, with one small bell.  The north and west walls are of
+sandstone, the former covered with a thick coating of tar to keep out the
+moisture; the east wall has alternate layers of brick and sandstone.
+Some improvements have been made in recent years, much needed to make it
+even a decent place of worship.  The two two-light trefoiled windows in
+the south wall of the nave have been framed in stone instead of wood, and
+filled with green glass.  The east window of the chancel has wooden
+mullions interlaced, and it has been adorned with paper representations
+of, in the centre the Ascension, to the left the Saviour holding an
+infant in his arms, to the right the child Jesus sitting among the
+doctors in the temple.
+
+The roof of the chancel is apsidal, externally, as well as the nave,
+covered with modern house tiles.  Internally the nave has a flat ceiling
+of deal boards.  The pulpit and seats are painted wainscot; there is a
+small modern oak reading desk, and a lectern to match it.  The chancel
+arch is a plain semicircle, but on its eastern side has a pointed Early
+English arch.  The chancel rails are of modern oak, slightly carved; and
+there is a deal credence table.  The 14th century font has a massive
+octagonal bowl, with large trefoils in each face, and grotesquely carved
+heads at the angles; the shaft being plain octagonal.  The improvements
+were made in 1896, at the cost of the late Mrs. Stanhope.
+
+The register dates from 1562.  In recent years the incumbency of Claxby
+Pluckacre, where the church had gone to ruins, has been annexed to the
+rectory of Wilksby, the joint value of the two being about 300 pounds a
+year.  They are held by the Rev. P. O. Ashby, Chaplain of Revesby.
+
+
+
+LANGRIVILLE & THORNTON-LE-FEN.
+
+
+These are modern accretions to the Soke of Horncastle, made in the early
+years of the 19th century.  They are distant southward from Horncastle
+about 13 miles; situated in a tract of land called Wildmore Fen, lying
+about midway between Coningsby to the north, and Boston to the south.  At
+various periods inundated by the sea, this continued, to the end of the
+18th century, more or less a region of morass; available in the summer
+for grazing, but generally during the winter under water; when all cattle
+had to be removed for safety to the lands under cultivation at the
+homesteads of the farmers; and if by chance the farmer was behindhand in
+removing them, and the floods became frozen, it was a common thing for
+his cattle, while slipping about on the ice, to be split up, or, as it
+was locally termed, "screeved," and so become helpless, and fit only for
+slaughter. {209}
+
+An Act of Parliament was passed in 1787 or 1788, and commissioners were
+appointed, for the drainage of this and adjoining similar tracts; but
+little was done until 1800, when the able engineer, Mr. John Rennie,
+submitted his plans for the drainage to the commissioners.  His first
+report, dated April 7th, 1800, estimated the cost of draining Wildmore
+Fen alone at 29,702 pounds; the total outlay, for that and adjoining
+fens, being put at nearly 215,000 pounds.  By 1812 these operations were
+completed; and in that year an Act was passed making these lands
+parochial, and assigning the two portions above named to the Soke of
+Horncastle.
+
+
+
+LANGRIVILLE.
+
+
+Langriville, so called because it is near Langrick (or Long Creek) on the
+Witham, has an area of 2,514 acres, including Langrick Ferry; rateable
+value 3,300 pounds.  The population is entirely engaged in agriculture.
+The nearest railway station is at Langrick, in the parish.
+
+It consists of the southern portion of Wildmore Fen, which at the
+enclosure was allotted to the Earl of Stamford and Warrington, in lieu of
+his manorial rights over Armtree and Wildmore; with other lands sold by
+the Drainage Commissioners, early in the 19th century.  The Earl's
+estates afterwards passed, by purchase, to the late J. Fretwell Bramley
+and others.  The present Lord of the Manor is Lord Malcolm, of
+Poltallock; and he, the Rector of Coningsby, the executors of Lady Ingram
+Watkin, J. Linton, Esq., of Stirtcoe, Buckden, Herts., Harrison Hayter,
+Esq., W. Goodenough Hayter, Esq., Mr. Jonathan Fox, of Boston, E.
+Harrison, Esq., and Mr. William Pepper are the largest land owners.
+
+A small brick church was erected in 1831, consisting of nave, chancel and
+bell turret; and repaired and improved in 1885, by the Ecclesiastical
+Commissioners.  The Bishop of Lincoln is patron; and the Rev. W.
+Fitz-Harry Curtis is the incumbent, who has here a residence, with an
+income of 320 pounds a year.
+
+The Wesleyans have a chapel at Langrick Ferry, also in Armtree Road.  By
+an order in council, dated 26th August, 1881, Langriville and
+Thornton-le-Fen were united, under the title of "The Consolidated
+Chapelry of Wildmore."  There is a church at each place.  At the time of
+the enclosure fen allotments were assigned to various of the older
+parishes, and these are many of them now included in this modern
+district, comprising parts of Fishtoft Fen, of Coningsby, of Kirkstead,
+Scrivelsby, Woodhall, Dalderby, and Martin.  The entire area is now
+10,500 acres, and population 1,470.
+
+The National School, erected in 1857, is at Gipsy Bridge, now under a
+School Board.
+
+
+
+THORNTON-LE-FEN.
+
+
+Thornton-le-Fen adjoins Langriville, lying to the east of it, about three
+miles from Langrick railway station.  The area was originally about 1,425
+acres, including Bunkers Hill, part of Gipsy Bridge, and other scattered
+farms, which were sold by the Drainage Commissioners early in the 19th
+century, when it was made, by Act of Parliament, a parochial township.
+Rateable value 1,979 pounds.  It has its name from the former chief
+proprietors, the Thornton family; but the chief land owners now are Lord
+Malcolm of Poltalloch, the Pepper, Ireland, Creasey, Ward, and Wilcock
+families.  The soil is clay, and very fertile.
+
+The church, which was built on the Fen Chapel Estates in 1816, is a small
+brick building, containing 200 sittings; the benefice, valued at 100
+pounds a year, is in the gift of the Bishop of Lincoln, and by order in
+council, dated 26th August, 1881, was consolidated with the chapelry of
+Langriville; the two being of the united yearly value of 320 pounds, and
+held by the Rev. W. Fitz-Harry Curtis, who resides at the latter place.
+
+A good school and master's house were erected in 1880, by the School
+Board of Wildmore Fen, at a cost of about 1,200 pounds, to accommodate
+168 children.  The Wesleyans have a chapel at New York and Bunkers' Hill.
+The Primitive Methodists have also a chapel.
+
+The Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to whom the Fen Chapel Estates were
+transferred in 1876, pay 120 pounds a year for a curate, who now is the
+Rev. Harold E. Curtis.  The total area is now 10,500 acres, and
+population 1,470.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+NOTE.--Other parishes have once been in the Soke of Horncastle, which no
+longer belong to it.  _Domesday Book_ gives Scrivelsby, "Langton and
+(its) Thorpe" (from which I write; "Thorpe" being doubtless the outlying
+district recently known as Langton St. Andrew), and also Edlington.  How
+these became separated is not known.  As suggested by the author of
+_Scrivelsby_, _the home of the Champions_, Scrivelsby, as a barony of the
+Marmyon and Dymoke families, would probably be separated by payment of a
+fine; such powerful families preferring not to be sub-ordinated to
+another manor.  Several Dymokes, however, were buried at Horncastle,
+where are their monuments.
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+A
+
+
+Abrincis, Hugo de, "The Wolf," 206.
+
+Accident, remarkable, of Dr. J. B. Smith, 94.
+
+Adelias de Cundi, 1, 16, 17, 200.
+
+Albemarle, Earl of, 166.
+
+Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, 30 and note.
+
+Allison, Henry, wealthy, in Hull, 158.
+
+Allenby, Henry, Chemist to H.M.S., 157.
+
+Allerton, Lord, Horncastrian, 152.
+
+Ancaster, Earl of, 204.
+
+Angevine, family of, 27, 28.
+
+Angus, Earl of, 168, 181.
+
+Arms of Charles I., 191.
+,, temp. Charles I., 192.
+,, of Marmyon, Dymoke, Umfraville, Willoughby, &c., in Coningsby Church,
+205.
+
+Ashby, West, 176-180.
+,, Church described, 181, 182.
+
+Ayscough, Clynton, 198.
+,, Elizabeth, 201.
+,, Henry, 201.
+,, Walter, 198.
+,, William, 197.
+
+
+
+B
+
+
+Babington, Miss, window to, 59.
+
+Bage, _i.e._ sod, 189.
+
+Baieux, Bishop of, 165, 166.
+
+Bain, river name, meaning of, 2.
+
+Baker, Thomas, cricketer, ventriloquist, &c., 159.
+
+Banks, Sir Joseph, 31, 181, 194 and note, 196, 209.
+
+Baptists, sect of, 84-86.
+,, Chapel, 84.
+
+Barkham, Sir Robert, 187.
+
+Barracks at Queen's Head Inn, 162.
+
+Bavent, Eudo de, 27, 196.
+,, Close, field name, 27.
+
+Beaumont, family of, 190.
+
+Bell and Lancastrian Schools, 111, 112.
+
+Berewick in Coningsby, held by Sortibrand, 206.
+,, in Wilksby, 207.
+
+Bertie, Hon. Charles, 187.
+,, Richard, 182, 186.
+
+Bevere, Drogo de, 166.
+
+Bishop of Carlisle, 12, 30 and note.
+
+"Black Death" at Horncastle, 51, 189.
+
+Bocher, Arthur, Esq., 188.
+
+Bolle, Charles, 187.
+,, George, 187.
+
+Bolles, Sir Robert, 171.
+
+Boucherett, Ascoghe, 198.
+
+Boulton, Dr. Barnard, window to, 37.
+,, Henry, window to first wife, 38.
+,, "Billy," anecdote of, 160.
+
+Bourne, The Venerable Hugh, 73-76.
+,, College, 77.
+
+Brackenbury, Mr. Carr, Wesley's friend, 66, 68, and note.
+
+"Branks," or "scold's bridle," 205.
+
+Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 196, 200, 202, 207.
+
+British words still used, 3.
+
+Britons, Caesar's description of, 2, 3 and notes.
+,, good workmen, 3.
+
+Britons, Tacitus account of, 5.
+
+Brown, Rev. Benson, 153.
+,, John, "Laureate," 158, 159.
+,, Martin, and press gang, 156.
+
+Brownists, sect of, 78.
+
+Bunyon, John, 84.
+
+"Butts," field name, meaning of, 174.
+
+
+
+C
+
+
+Calthrop Lieut. Richard, window to, 180.
+
+Camville, Gerard de, 26.
+
+Canal, Horncastle, history of, 126-129.
+,, opening ceremony, 127-128.
+
+Canals recognised by Magna Charta, 128.
+
+Caparn, Rev. W. B., 153.
+
+Capella, Henry de, 178.
+
+Carlisle, Bishops of, 46, 167, 168, 181, 196, 200, 203, 207.
+
+Carsey (or Kersey), John, 202.
+
+Catherine, St., altar of, 200.
+,, ,, chantry of, 36, 37.
+
+Cecil, Sir Thomas, 29, 30, 203.
+
+Chamerlayn dole, 189.
+
+Chapel, St. Laurence's, 33, 34.
+
+Charles I., arms of, 191.
+
+Charters of markets and fairs, 18.
+
+Chattels of felons granted to bishop, 19, 45.
+
+Cheney, family of, 16, 17.
+
+Church, St. Mary's, 33-45.
+,, not original, 33.
+,, plate, 55, 56.
+,, restored, 56.
+,, Holy Trinity, 57-59.
+,, ,, architect of, 57.
+,, Lads' Brigade, 63.
+,, Schools, National, 63.
+,, service, absence from, fined, 48.
+
+Clarke, Rev. T. J., Vicar, account, 60.
+
+Claribel, Mrs. Barnard, 180.
+
+Clerical Club, 63, 137, 138.
+
+Clinton, Lord, and family, 12, 20, 21, 92 and note, 188.
+
+Clinton, Lord, engraving of, 97.
+,, Sir Edward, 12.
+
+Clitherow, Mr. Robert, window to, 38.
+
+Clowes, William, 75, 76.
+
+Cock and Breeches Inn, 162.
+
+Cock-fighting, 164.
+
+Coins found at Mareham-on-the-Hill, 184.
+
+Coningsby, 203-207.
+,, Church, 204-7.
+,, land owners of, 204.
+,, Rector of, Poet Laureate, 205, 206.
+,, Sir Fitz-William, Sheriff, 206.
+,, ,, at battle of the Boyne saved the king's life, 206.
+
+Coningsby, mansion of, 206.
+
+Conyngsby, Humphrey 187, 206.
+
+Constable, an old smuggler, 162.
+
+Coppuldyke, Thomas and wife, guild of, 42 and note.
+
+Corn Exchange, 140-142.
+
+Court House, account of, 135, 136.
+
+Craycroft of Craycroft, 187.
+
+Cressey, Nicholas, gent., 198.
+
+Crispus and Crispinianus, window, 37 and note, 42 and note.
+
+Cromwell visits Horncastle, 32.
+
+Cromwell, Ralph de, 190.
+
+Cussons, John, Confederate General, &c., 158.
+
+
+
+D
+
+
+Danish Conquerors, 10.
+
+Despenser, Robert, 191, 195, 205, 206, 207.
+
+Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, 195.
+
+Destructive storms at Horncastle, 51.
+
+Dispensary, history of, 119-125.
+,, balls, 124.
+,, dispensers, 124.
+,, legacies, 125.
+,, present building, 124, 125.
+,, presidents, 123, 124.
+,, sermons, 122, 123.
+,, vice-presidents, 124.
+
+Dixon, Miss Annie, artist, 151.
+
+Dogdyke, _i.e._ Dock-dyke, 204.
+
+Dole, Chamerlayn, at Roughton, 188.
+
+Drill Hall, 148-150.
+
+Drogo de Bruere, 206.
+
+Dymoke, Edward, 188.
+,, John, of Haltham, 191.
+,, John, Rev., 190.
+,, Lionel, curious will of, 183-184.
+,, Robert, 187.
+,, Sir Henry, 189.
+,, Sir Lionel, monument to, 41.
+,, ,, engraving, 42.
+,, Thomas, 187.
+
+Dymokes, 205, 206, 208, 210.
+
+
+
+E
+
+
+Eastwood, family of, 190.
+
+Editha, Queen, 180.
+
+Elmhirst, General Charles, window to, 179.
+,, William, Esq., 180.
+
+Enderby, Wood, 201-203.
+
+Escald, Gerald de, 11, 17, 200.
+
+Eusden, Rev. Laurence, Poet Laureate, Rector of Coningsby, 205.
+
+
+
+F
+
+
+Fast, solemn, at Horncastle, 51.
+
+Felons, right to try, of Bishop of Carlisle, 45.
+
+Fighting Cocks Inn, 164.
+,, foxhounds kept at, 164.
+,, scythe fair at, 164.
+
+Fitz-William, family of, 28, 29.
+
+Forests, extensive, 2, 3 and note, 18 and note, 202 and note, 207.
+
+Fox, Mrs. Salome, window to, 38.
+
+Foxe's Book of Martyrs, in church, 44.
+
+Franklin, Sir John, 156.
+
+Freshville, Peter, Frances, daughter of, 42 and note.
+
+Fynes, Norreys, Esq., 189.
+,, Thomas, 206.
+
+
+
+G
+
+
+Gairmaro, Geoffrey, chronicler, 16 and note.
+
+Gallows of Bishop of Carlisle, 19.
+,, at Thimbleby, of Abbot, 170.
+
+Gaunt, Walter, 166 and note, 167.
+
+George, Dr. Hugh, window to, 59.
+,, Inn, 162.
+,, ,, incident at, 163.
+
+Gibson, Thomas, Vicar, 39, 40 and note, 51, 52.
+
+Giles, Prebendary, window to, 39.
+
+Gilliat, Rev. Edward, author, &c., 152.
+
+Glenham family, 196, 201.
+
+Goldie, Rev. C. D., Curate, account of, 62.
+
+Goodrich, Robert, 187.
+
+Grace, Pilgrimage of, 47, 48.
+
+Grammar School, history of, 91-107.
+,, distinctions of old boys, 105.
+,, distinguished boys, 95, 96.
+,, games and customs, 99-104.
+,, Governors, 92.
+,, Madge, Dr., late Master, 105.
+,, Masters, former under, 97-99.
+,, modern, 105.
+,, new buildings, future, 107.
+,, origin of, early, 91, 92, 106.
+,, property of, 92.
+,, White, Rev. T., 99.
+,, Worman, Mr. A. N., 105.
+
+Grosvenor, Rev. Francis, 98, 99.
+,, F., 152, 153.
+
+
+
+H
+
+
+Hallgarth, interesting old house in Thimbleby, 172.
+
+Haltham, 190-192.
+,, church, interesting, 191.
+
+Hamerton, John, Churchwarden, 39.
+,, family, 52, 53.
+
+Hangman's Corner, 19, 46.
+
+Hardingshall, Sir William, 187.
+
+Hartgrave, Paganell, of Wilksby, 208.
+
+Hartwell, Lady, 188.
+
+Harwood, Mr. F., window to, 38.
+
+Hawley, Sir Henry M., 189.
+
+Heald, George, Chancellor, 163.
+,, and Lola Montez, incident, 163.
+
+Healey, A. H., athlete, 154.
+
+Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, 204.
+,, Sir John, 205.
+
+Heneage family, 190.
+
+Henry IV., visits Horncastle, 32.
+
+"Hoblers" for the army, 14.
+
+Holles, Gervase, description of church windows, 42 and note.
+
+Holles, Gervase, wife buried at Horncastle, 37 and note.
+
+Holme, _i.e._ island, Danish, 2.
+
+Hopton, Sir Ingram, 40, 41.
+
+Horncastle, British settlement, 1.
+,, Manor, owners of, 11, 12, 13, 17, 20, 22, 24.
+,, market tolls, 13, 14.
+,, Benefice, King appoints to, 46.
+,, Rector murdered, 46.
+,, Rector changed to Vicar, 47.
+,, Peter de Galicia appointed to, 47.
+,, Rectors and Vicars, list of, 50, 51.
+,, rectory house, former, 55.
+
+Hotchkin, family of, connected with Thimbleby, 172.
+
+Hounds kept at Fighting Cocks, 164.
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+Independents, sect of and chapel, 77-83.
+
+Islep, Simon de, Rector, 19, 46.
+
+
+
+J
+
+
+"Jack" Musters kept hounds at Fighting Cocks, 164.
+
+
+
+K
+
+
+Keane, Charles, and Horncastle, 156.
+,, Edmund, 156.
+
+Kemp family and Thimbleby, 173, 175.
+,, meaning of name, 173 and note.
+
+Kent, John, owner of Horncastle Manor, 24.
+
+King's Head Inn, thatched, 164.
+
+Kirkstead, Thimbleby belonged to Abbot of, 169, 170.
+,, Abbot of, arbitrary action of, 170.
+
+Knyght, questionable action of, 169.
+
+
+
+L
+
+
+Lancastrian and Bell Schools, 111, 112.
+
+Langley, Ambrose, footballer, 157.
+
+Langton, John de, Rector of Horncastle, Bishop of Chichester, 46.
+
+Langrick, meaning of, 209.
+
+Langriville, 209.
+,, Church, 209, 210.
+,, School, 210.
+
+Langworth, meaning of, 204.
+
+Leweline, Joan de, 207.
+
+Leych, William, curious will of, 197.
+
+Lincolnshire Rising, 47, 48, 187.
+,, William Leche, "begynner" of, 47.
+
+Lindsey, Earl of, 187.
+
+Literary Society, 138.
+
+Lizures, William de, 26, 27.
+
+Lodge, Canon S., lectern given by, 39 and note.
+,, ,, Master of Grammar School, 99.
+
+Lola Montez, incident, 163.
+
+Lord, Rev. Thomas, centenarian, 82, 89-90.
+
+L'Oste, Rev. S., Rector of Langton, 93.
+
+Lovell, Sir Thomas, Knt., 202.
+
+Lysurs, Alice de, 207.
+
+
+
+M
+
+
+Madely, Dr. Clement, tablet to, in St. Mary's, 44 and note.
+
+Malcolm, Lord, of Poltallock, Lord of Langriville Manor, 209, 210.
+
+Malingars, field name, 191.
+
+Mareham-le-Fen, 192-198.
+,, church described, 192-194.
+
+Mareham-on-the-Hill, 183, 184.
+,, Church, 184.
+
+Marwood, hangman, 154, 155.
+
+Massingbird, Thomas, 187.
+
+Mechanics' Institute, 139, 140.
+
+Milner, Canon, W. H., Vicar, 61.
+
+Moorby, 198-200.
+,, church described, 198.
+,, communion plate, 199.
+,, minstrel column, 199.
+
+Mordaunt, John, owner in Coningsby, 206.
+
+Moyne, Thomas, rebel, 188.
+
+Murder at Queen's Head Inn, 162.
+
+Musters, "Jack," kept hounds, 164.
+
+
+
+N
+
+
+Newcomen, family, 187, 190, 198.
+
+New Jerusalem, sect of, 86-89.
+,, Chapel, 88.
+,, first resident minister, 89.
+
+Ninian, St., in window of St. Mary's, 37, 42 and note.
+
+Nonconformist places of worship, 64-90.
+
+Norman Conquerors, 11, 13.
+
+
+
+O
+
+
+Oddities of Horncastle, 160, 161.
+
+Organ, fine, of parish church, 36.
+
+Ortiay, Henry del, tenure by spurs, 180, 181, 203.
+
+Ouseley, Sir F. Gore, of Wesley family, 64 and note.
+
+Oven, public, 134 and note.
+
+Overseer, a woman appointed, 188.
+
+
+
+P
+
+
+Paganell, Ranulph de, 177.
+
+Palfreyman, of Horncastle, 52.
+
+Palmer, Rev. E. R. H. G., 184.
+
+Pancake bell, 34.
+
+Paynell, 178.
+
+Penance done in church, 186.
+
+Pilgrimage of Grace, 47, 48.
+
+Pingle, field name, 191.
+
+Plague, 188, 191.
+
+Plesington, Henry, Knt., 187.
+
+Primitive Methodists, sect of, 71, 77.
+,, chapel described, 72.
+
+Publichouses, 161-164.
+,, now gone, 162, 163, 164.
+
+
+
+Q
+
+
+Quarrington, Canon E. F., late Vicar, window to, 37.
+
+Queen's Head Inn, murder at, 162.
+
+
+
+R
+
+
+Raengeires, British leader, 9.
+
+Railway, 130-132.
+,, opening ceremony of, 131, 132.
+
+Ravennas, Geographer, 5 and note.
+
+Rayne, Bishop's Chancellor, slain, 48.
+
+Rennie, Mr. John, Engineer, 209.
+
+Rhodes, Gerard de, 184, 203.
+,, Ralph de, 12, 17, 18, 19, 180, 184, 191, 192, 200, 203, 206.
+
+Rinder, Mr. Joseph, 178.
+
+River names, celtic, 1.
+
+Rivett, Mr. John, 70.
+
+Robber taking refuge in church, 45.
+
+Robinson, Miss, and Queen's dresses, 157, 158.
+,, Rev. John, 78-80.
+
+Rolleston, Edward, Esq., 186.
+,, family, 186.
+
+Rolston, Edward, 187.
+
+Roman coffins, 7, 8.
+,, coins, 4.
+,, commanders, 3, 5.
+,, milestone, 5.
+,, pipes, 8.
+,, pottery, 6, 7, 134 and note.
+,, roads, 5, 6.
+,, tomb at Thimbleby, 174.
+,, urns, 6.
+,, walls, 6.
+,, wells, 6.
+
+Rose, Rev. W., 82, 83.
+
+Ross, Sir John, 156.
+
+Round House, the (prison), 135.
+
+Roughton, 188.
+,, church described, 188.
+,, plague at, 188.
+
+Rushton, "Aty," 160.
+,, Thomas, fisherman, 160.
+
+
+
+S
+
+
+Salt, a property, 182.
+
+Sanctuary in church, right of, 45.
+
+Sapcote, Sir Richard, 186.
+
+Savile, 22, 25, 26.
+
+Saxon conquerors, 9.
+,, minstrel pillar, 199.
+
+Schofield, John, marries bishop's daughter, 157.
+
+Science and Art School, 112.
+,, great efficiency of, 114.
+,, lectures on special subjects, 115-118.
+,, origin of, 112.
+,, teachers of, 114, 115.
+
+Scrope family, 20.
+
+Scott, Sir Gilbert, at Horncastle, 134.
+
+Scythes in church, probable history of, 41 and note.
+,, engraving of, 48.
+
+Scythe fair, 164.
+
+Sessions House, former, 135.
+
+Sewer, common for drain, 190 and note.
+
+Sharp, Rev. W. Heneage, 154.
+
+Shepherd, Capt., "old salt," 156.
+
+Ship-money, complaint of, temp. Charles I, 14.
+
+Skynner, family of, 169.
+
+Slated house, first in Horncastle, 164.
+
+Smith, Captain, Surgeon, 157.
+,, Dr. J. Bainbridge of Grammar School, 93, 95, 99, 101.
+
+Snowden, Bishop of Carlisle, 30.
+,, Rutland, "delinquent," 54.
+,, ,, benefactor to Horncastle, 54.
+,, ,, among Lincolnshire gentry, 55.
+
+Socmen, bordars, and villeins, 183 and note.
+
+Somercotes, Sir William, 187.
+
+Southey, Rev. T. C., Curate, 62.
+
+Southwell, Miss Trafford, 202.
+
+Spinning School, 134 and note.
+
+Spranger, Dr. R., 186.
+,, Chancellor, 186.
+
+Spurrier, Rev. H., 189.
+,, H. C. M., 189.
+
+Spurs, tenure by, 181, 203.
+
+Stanhope family, 31.
+,, J. Banks, Esq., 192.
+,, Memorial, 136, 137.
+
+Swedenborg, Emanuel, 86.
+
+
+
+T
+
+
+Tailboys, Sir Walter, 181.
+
+Taillebois, family of, 206.
+
+Tanning formerly chief trade of Horncastle, 53.
+
+Tennyson, A., and brother married in Horncastle, 44, 162.
+
+Thatched publichouse, by will, 164.
+
+Theft from St. Mary's Church, 42 and note, 47, 48.
+
+Theleby, 208.
+
+Thief to catch thieves, 161.
+
+Thimbleby, 165-176.
+,, church described, 175, 176.
+,, engraving of, 171.
+
+Thornton-le-Fen, 210.
+,, Church, 210.
+,, School, 210.
+
+Thornton family, 210.
+
+Three Maids' Inn, 164.
+
+Thymelby family, 24, 25, 168, 181.
+
+Tibetot, Robert, 12, 19, 20.
+
+Tom Cat Inn, 164.
+
+Toynton, High, 180-184.
+,, ,, Church, 181, 182.
+,, Low, 184-188.
+,, ,, Church, 184-186.
+,, ,, ,, engraving of, 185.
+
+Trafford, W. H., Esq., 191, 202.
+
+Train-bands, arms of, 14.
+
+Trinity Church Horncastle, 57-60.
+,, engraving of, 59.
+
+Trunyan's, light of, our Lady's light, &c., 44, 45.
+
+Tumby Chase, 202.
+
+Turner and Cato Street Conspiracy, 155, 156.
+,, Sir Edmund, 184.
+
+Tymelby, Ivo de, 207.
+
+Tyrwhitt, Douglas, a lady, 52.
+,, old county family, 29, 208.
+
+
+
+U
+
+
+Umfraville, Earl of Angus, 168, 181.
+
+Union, the, or workhouse, 133-135.
+
+Union, early laws concerning paupers, 133, 134.
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+Volunteers, history of, 145-148.
+,, Drill Hall, 148-150.
+,, practiced on Edlington Road, 162.
+
+
+
+W
+
+
+Walter, Rev. H., B.D., _History of England_, 64.
+
+Waring, river name, meaning "rough," 2.
+
+Watson's Free School, 108-111.
+,, property of, 110.
+,, Governors, original, 110 and note.
+
+Well-syke, field and wood name, 190 and note.
+
+Wesley, John, 65-67.
+,, Charles, 65.
+
+Wesleyan, sect of, 64-71.
+,, Chapel, 70.
+,, ,, engraving of, 65.
+,, circuits, 66.
+,, centenary, 71.
+
+Whelpton Almshouses, 142-144.
+
+Whichcote, Clinton, of Coningsby, 207.
+
+Wildmore Fen added to Horncastle, 209.
+
+Wilksby, 207.
+,, Church, 208.
+
+Williams, Thomas, missionary, 69, 70.
+
+Willoughby, William de, and family, 167.
+,, de Eresby, Lord, 204.
+
+Winchester, Bishop of, held land in Coningsby, 206.
+
+Wood Enderby, 201-203.
+,, Church, 201, 202.
+
+Workhouse, before Union, 134.
+,, village, 134.
+
+
+
+Y
+
+
+Young Churchmen's Union, 63.
+
+
+
+Z
+
+
+Zouch, Eudo la, bequest to, 197.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+    Printed by W. K. Morton & Sons, Ltd., 27, High Street, Horncastle.
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+
+{0}  His father, for about 12 months, occupied the house in North Street,
+of late years known as the "Red House," distinguished, it is said, as
+being the only house in the town having a front door of mahogany.
+
+{1a}  Mr. Jeans, in his _Handbook for Lincolnshire_, p. 142, says "the
+Roman station (here) probably utilized an existing British settlement."
+
+{1b}  _Words and Places_, p. 13, note.  Ed. 1873.
+
+{1c}  There are probably traces of British hill-forts in the
+neighbourhood, as on Hoe hill, near Holbeck, distant 4 miles, also
+probably at Somersby, Ormsby, and several other places.
+
+{1d}  In the name of the near village of Edlington we have probably a
+trace of the mystic Druid, _i.e._ British, deity Eideleg, while in
+Horsington we may have the Druid sacred animal.  Olivers' _Religious
+Houses_, Appendix, p. 167.
+
+{2a}  _Words and Places_, p. 130.
+
+{2b}  The meadow which now lies in the angle formed by the junction of
+the Bain and Waring at Horncastle is still called "The Holms," which is
+Danish for "islands."
+
+{2c}  The name Bain, slightly varied, is not uncommon.  There is the
+Bannon, or Ban-avon ("avon" also meaning "river"), in Pembrokeshire; the
+Ban in Co. Wexford, Bana in Co. Down, Banney (_i.e._ Ban-ea, "ea" also
+meaning water) in Yorkshire, Bain in Herefordshire; Banavie (avon) is a
+place on the brightly running river Lochy in Argyleshire; and, as meaning
+"white," a fair-haired boy or girl is called in Gaelic "Bhana."
+
+{2d}  The name Waring (G commonly representing the modern W) is found in
+the Yarrow, and Garry in Scotland, the Geirw, a rough mountain stream, at
+Pont-y-glyn, in North Wales, and in the Garonne in France.
+
+{2e}  _Ars Poetica_, l 59.
+
+{2f}  An account of this urn is given by the late Bishop Trollope, with
+an engraving of it, in the _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. iv, p.
+200.
+
+{2g}  _De Bella Gallico_, bk. v, ch. 12-14.
+
+{2h}  Some idea of the extent of these forests, even in later times, may
+be formed from the account given by De la Prime (_Philosophical
+Transactions_, No. 75, p. 980) who says "round about the skirts of the
+wolds are found infinite millions of the roots and bodies of trees of
+great size."  Pliney tells us that the Britons had "powerful mastiffs"
+for hunting the wild boar, and Manwood in an old _Treatise on Forest
+Laws_ (circa 1680) states (p. 60) that the finest mastiffs were bred in
+Lincolnshire.  Fuller, in his _Worthies of England_ (p. 150) mentions
+that a Dutchman (circa 1660) coming to England for sport, spent a whole
+season in pursuit of wild game "in Lincolniensi montium tractu," by which
+doubtless were intended the wolds.  A writer in the _Archaeological
+Journal_ (June, 1846) says "the whole country of the Coritani (_i.e._
+Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, &c.) was then, and long after, a dense
+forest."  The name "Coritani," or more properly Coitani, is the Roman
+adaptation of the British "Coed," a wood, which still survives in Wales
+in such place-names as "Coed Coch," the red wood, "Bettws y Coed," the
+chapel in the wood, &c.  This was their distinguishing characteristic to
+the Roman, they were wood-men.
+
+{3}  To the skill and bravery in war of the Britons Caesar bears
+testimony.  He says, "They drive their chariots in all directions,
+throwing their spears, and by the fear of their horses and the noise of
+their wheels they disturb the ranks of their enemies; when they have
+forced their way among the troops they leap down and fight on foot.  By
+constant practice they acquire such skill that they can stop, turn, and
+guide their horses when at full speed and in the most difficult ground.
+They can run along the chariot pole, sit on the collar and return with
+rapidity into the chariot, by which novel mode (he says) his men were
+much disturbed."  ("Novitate pugnae perturbati.")  _De Bella Gallico_,
+lib. iv, c, 33, 34.
+
+{5a}  An account of this milestone is given by the late Precentor
+Venables, in his _Walks through the Streets of Lincoln_, two Lectures,
+published by J. W. Ruddock, 253, High Street, Lincoln.
+
+{5b}  Stukeley, _Itinerarium curiosum_, p. 28; Weir's _History of
+Horncastle_, p. 4, ed. 1820; Saunders' _History_, vol. ii, p. 90, ed.
+1834; Bishop Trollope, _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. iv, p.
+199, &c.
+
+{5c}  Ravennas, whose personal name is not known (that term merely
+meaning a native of Ravenna), was an anonymous geographer, who wrote a
+_Chorography of Britian_, as well as of several other countries, about
+A.D. 650.  These were confessedly compilations from older authorities,
+and were, two centuries later, revised by Guido of Ravenna, and doubtless
+by others at a later period still, since the work, in its existent form
+describes the Saxons and Danes, as well, in Britain.  As Gallio, also of
+Ravenna, was the last Roman general in command in these parts, it has
+been suggested that he was virtually the original author (Horsley's
+_Britannia_, 1732, chap. iv., p. 489; also _The Dawn of Modern
+Geography_, by C. Raymond Beazley, M.A., F.R.G.S., 1897, J. Murray).
+Messrs. Pinder and Parthey published an edition of _Ravennas_, _or the
+Ravennese Geographer_, as did also Dr. Gale.
+
+{5e}  _Life of Agricola_ c. xxxi.
+
+{6a}  This is a thoroughly provincial word for highway or turnpike.  It
+is of course a corruption of "Rampart," a fortified passage.  In the
+marsh districts the main roads are called "rampires."  See Brogden's
+_Provincial Words_.
+
+{6b}  The name Baumber, again, also written Bam-burgh, means a "burgh,"
+or fortress on the Bain, which runs through that parish.
+
+{7a}  These urns are fully described with an engraving of them in vol.
+iv, pt. ii, of the _Architectural Society's Journal_, by the late Bishop
+Dr. E. Trollope.
+
+{7b}  _Architect. S. Journal_, iv, ii, p. 201.
+
+{8}  Gough, _Sepulchral Monuments_, Introduction, p. 59, says "coffins of
+lead and wood are believed to have been used by the Romans in Britain."
+
+{9}  The first Danish incursions into England were in A.D. 786 and 787,
+specially in Lincolnshire in 838.  In 869 was fought the decisive battle
+of Threckingham in this county, which made the Danes paramount.  The name
+Threckingham is said to be derived from the fact that 3 kings were slain
+in this battle, but we believe this to be an error, and that the place
+was the residence, the "ham" of the Threcginghas.
+
+{10}  The prefix "Horn" is also found in Holbeach Hurn, an angular
+headland on the south coast of Lincolnshire.  In the monkish Latin of old
+title deeds, we also find the patronymic Hurne, Hearne, &c., represented
+by its equivalent "de angulo," _i.e._ "of the corner."
+
+{11a}  Dr. Mansell Creighton, late Bishop of London.  _Essays_, edited by
+Louisa Creighton, 1904, pp. 278-9.
+
+{11b}  The palace of the Bishop was on the site of the present Manor
+House.
+
+{11c}  Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.  _Monast. Angl._, vol. ii, p. 646.
+
+{12a}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No. 14, m. 1.
+
+{12b}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Edward I., 1274-5.
+
+{12c}  This sale was confirmed by the King, as shewn by a Charter Roll,
+14 Henry III., pt. i, m. 12 3 Ed. I., 1274-5.
+
+{12d}  Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. i, m. 3.  A.D. 1390.
+
+{12e}  Patent Roll, 6 Edward VI., pt. iii, m. 1.
+
+{12f}  Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m 2, (44) 28 Nov., 1553.
+
+{12g}  Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes Clinton.  _Annual Register_, 1772, p.
+2.
+
+{12h}  Coram Rege Roll, Portsmouth, April 20, 14 Chas. II.
+
+{13a}  Exchequer Bills and Answers, 11 Charles V., Lincoln, No. 185.
+
+{13b}  The carucate varied in different parts of the country, in
+Lincolnshire it was 120 acres.  Gelt was a land tax, first imposed by the
+Danes in the reign of Ethelred, about A.D. 991, being 2s. on the
+carucate.  Villeins and bordars were under-tenants of two different
+classes, bordars being superior to villeins.  (Introd. _Domesday Book_,
+by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).
+
+{13c}  Barristers are said to have been first appointed by Edward I.,
+A.D. 1291.
+
+{16a}  Among the Lincoln Cathedral Charters is an imperfect one, which
+mentions her "Castle of Tornegat (can this be a corruption for
+Horncastle?), her land at Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby
+(Thurlby) in Lincolnshire," _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1901, p.
+22.  There is a notice of her in the _Dictionary of National Biography_,
+vol. I.
+
+{16b}  This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself rather an interesting figure in
+local history.  He is mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy
+and Martin, 1888-9), as the author of _L'estorie des Engles_, a rhyming
+chronicle, based chiefly on the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, and Geoffrey of
+Monmouth (between A.D. 1135 and 1147).  He undertook his work at the
+request of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the
+manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a Norman who
+lived in that parish.  He quotes _The Book of Washingborough_ and _The
+Lay of Haveloc the Dane_, relating to Grimsby.  He does not directly
+mention Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by
+celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.
+
+{16c}  Camden's _Britannia_, pp. 45, 288, 529.
+
+{16d}  _History of Lincoln_, 1816, p. 138.
+
+{16e}  Camden, p. 88.  A Lincoln Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503)
+shows that on the death of Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney,
+owning the manors of Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert
+Willoughby, Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.
+
+{16f}  Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336.  D. Mon, ii, p. 646.  (_Architectural
+Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 23).
+
+{17a}  Dugdale _Baronage_, p. 39.
+
+{17b}  Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274-5.  A
+Pipe Roll also, 1 Richard I., A.D. 1189-90, mentions "Gerbod de Escalt as
+paying a tale of 80 pounds in Horncastre."
+
+{17c}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and
+ditto, No. 38, same date.  Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a
+Chancellor's Roll, 3 John, A.D. 1201-1, as paying certain fees for
+Horncastle.  He is also named in the document above quoted (Hundred
+Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on the demise of
+Gerbald de Escald.
+
+{17d}  Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, Lincoln.
+
+{18a}  Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15 June, 1281, quoted _Lincolnshire
+Notes & Queries_, vol. v, p. 216.
+
+{18b}  Coram Rege Roll, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, 12 May, 1285.  _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, pp. 219-20.
+
+{18c}  The transfer of the manor to the bishop is further proved by a
+Carlisle document, a chancery inquisition post mortem, dated Dec. 11,
+1395, which states that a certain John Amery, owner of a messuage in the
+parish "by fealty and the service of 16d. of rent, by the year, holds of
+the Bishop of Carlisle, and the said Bishop holds of the King."
+
+{18d}  The bishops of those days were sportsmen.  It is recorded of a
+Bishop of Ely that he rode to the Cathedral "with hawk on wrist," and
+left it in the cloister while doing "God's service."  There it was stolen
+and he solemnly excommunicated the thief.  Aukenleck MS., temp. Ed. II.,
+British Museum.  The extensive woods in the soke of Horncastle abounded
+in game, as we have already shown by the tolls charged on roebuck, hares,
+&c., brought into the town.  The punishment for killing a wild boar,
+without the king's licence, was the loss of both eyes.  These ferae
+naturae became extinct about A.D. 1620.
+
+{18e}  These and other privileges granted to the Bishop are first
+specified in a Cartulary Roll, 14-15 Henry III.; they are renewed in a
+Memoranda Roll of 4 Ed. III.; again in the 25th year of Henry VI., and
+further in a Roll attested by Charles II., in his court at Westminster,
+Feb. 26, 1676.  The August Fair was, in late years, altered by the Urban
+Council to begin on the 2nd Monday in the month, and to end on the
+following Thursday, it really however begins on the previous Thursday.
+
+{19a}  Roll 104, Hilary Term, 24 Ed. III. (1350).  County Placita,
+Lincoln, No. 46.
+
+{19b}  De Banco Roll, Michaelmas, 41 Ed. III., m. 621, Aug. 3, 1368,
+Lincoln.
+
+{19c}  Coram Rege Roll, Trinity, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, Westminster, 12 May,
+1285.  Given in _Lincolnshire Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 220.
+
+{20a}  Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. 2, m. 47, 8 Dec., 1390.  _Lincs.
+Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 221.
+
+{20b}  Fuller's _Church History of Britain_, vol. i, pp. 240, 242.
+
+{20c}  Camden's _Britannia_, p. 484.
+
+{20d}  Camden's _Britannia_, p. 522.
+
+{20e}  _Ibid_, p. 978.  The name of Tibetot may possibly still survive in
+the family of Tibbot, who till quite recently held the manor of Thimbleby
+in the soke of Horncastle.
+
+{20f}  _Ibidem_, p. 489.
+
+{20g}  _Ibidem_, p. 88.
+
+{20h}  _Ibidem_, p. 760.  This castle was built by Richard, Baron le
+Scrope, Chancellor of England under Richard II.
+
+{20i}  _Ibidem_, p. 99.
+
+{20j}  _Ibidem_, p. 722.
+
+{20k}  Patent Roll 6 Ed. VI., pt. 3, m. 1, 21 Nov., 1552, witnessed by
+the king at Westminster.
+
+{21a}  Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m. 2 (44), 28 Nov., 1553.
+
+{21b}  Historical MS. Commission.  Calendar of MS. of the most Honble.
+the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., &c., p. 179.
+
+{21c}  This Earl of Lincoln would seem to have been of a particularly hot
+temperament.  I have mentioned in another volume (_Records of Woodhall
+Spa_, pp. 14.0, &c.) several of his actions of gross violence against the
+Saviles of Poolham Hall, in this neighbourhood, about the same date
+(1578).  I will merely state here that he, with a party of followers,
+attacked Sir Robert Savile, when on a hunting excursion, seized several
+of his hounds and hanged them, as Sir Robert says, "upon my own tree
+within my own ground."  He forced his way into the parlour at Poolham and
+challenged Sir Robert to fight "six to six" of their dependents.  After
+an entertainment at Horncastle his followers, at his instigation, got
+hold of an unfortunate tailor, "drew their swords and sore wounded him,"
+saying he should "have that and more, for his master's sake," Sir Robert
+Savile's son.  One Robert Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, prayed the justices
+for protection against his "horrible outrages," and it was said that his
+conduct "savoured of insanity."  (_Illustrations of English History_ by
+Lodge.  Lansdown MS., Brit. Mus., 27, art. 41.)
+
+{21d}  Patent Roll, 6 Ed. VI., pt. i, m. 11.  Date 8 Dec., 1554.
+
+{22a}  Esch. Inquis. post mortem, 3-4 Henry VIII., No. 14.
+
+{22b}  It does not appear where this "Parish-fee" was situated, doubtless
+it was subordinate to the main manor of Horncastle, such "fees" were
+generally named after the owners once "enfeoffed" of them, as we have at
+Spalding Ayscough-fee Hall, once owned by the Ayscoughs, Beaumont-fee at
+Lincoln, owned by the Beaumonts, Panell-fee by the Paganels, Nevill-fee
+by the Nevills in Middle Rasen, &c.  _Architectural Society's Journal_,
+1895, p. 19.  There is a family named Parish at Horncastle but they are a
+modern importation.
+
+{22c}  Inquis. post mortem, 6 Edward III., held at Haltham, Sep. 21,
+1333.
+
+{22d}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., 21 July, A.D. 1248.
+_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv. p. 120.  This is repeated in a Final
+Concord of the same date between Silvester, Bishop of Carlisle, and other
+parties.  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. vii., p. 114.
+
+{22e}  Cottonian Charter, v., 61, quoted _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol.
+iii, p. 245.
+
+{22f}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, pp. 254-257.
+
+{22g}  Court of Wards Inquis. post mortem, 3, 4 and 5 Ed. VI., vol. v.,
+p. 91.  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, p. 258.
+
+{22h}  Chancery Inquis. post mortem, 20 Henry VI., No. 25.
+_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1899, p. 257.
+
+{22i}  _Ibidem_.
+
+{22j}  _Ibidem_, p. 258.
+
+{24a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vols. i., p. 183, and ii., p. 219.
+
+{24b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, p. 47.
+
+{24c}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 27 Edward III., No. 158.
+
+{24d}  Originalia Roll, 34 Edward III., m. 35, A.D. 1360-1.
+
+{24e}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 41 Edward III., No. 94.
+
+{24f}  Inquis. post mortem, 10 James I., pt. i., No. 11.
+
+{25a}  Chancery B. and A., James I., R., r, 10, 1, 8 October, 1623.
+
+{25b}  These details are all taken from Camden's _Britannia_, Gibson's
+Edition, 1695.
+
+{26a}  Chancellor's Roll, A.D. 1201-2.
+
+{26b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii., pp. 244-5.
+
+{27a}  _Ibidem_.
+
+{27b}  Camden's _Britannia_, p. 712.
+
+{27c}  Pipe Roll, 1160-1.
+
+{27d}  Pipe Roll, 1161-2.
+
+{27e}  Testa de Nevill, folio 348.  He also held the advowson of Mareham,
+which was transferred to the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of Horncastle,
+in 1239 (Final Concords, p. 304) by his successor, William de Bavent.
+
+{27f}  Cathedral Charters (Calcewaith), folio 106 (a), quoted
+_Architectural Society's Journal_, No. xxvii, p. 14.
+
+{27g}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 18 Ed. I., No. 34.
+
+{27h}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 12 Ed. II., No. 22.
+
+{27i}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 44 Ed. III., No. 32.  These
+trustees were John Amery of Horncastle; Simon, Parson of Wilksby; John of
+Claxby Pluckacre; and others.
+
+{27j}  De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
+
+{28a}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 190.  _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, vol. iii., p. 204, vol. vii., p. 3.
+
+{28b}  Maddison's _Wills_, 1st series, p. 360, No. 96.
+
+{28c}  Lansdown MS., British Museum, 54, 62, &c., quoted in _Old
+Lincolnshire_, vol. i., p. 118.  In All Saint's Church at Theddlethorpe
+is a fine brass of an Angevin and his wife of the 16th century.
+
+{28d}  De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
+
+{28e}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, taken at Alford, April 28, 14
+Henry VIII., A.D. 1522.
+
+{28f}  Bridge's _History of Northamptonshire_, quoted _Architectural
+Society's Journal_, 1879, p. 45, note.
+
+{28g}  Patent I Ed. IV., pt. 2, m. 59, quoted _Old Lincolnshire_, vol.
+i., p. 124.
+
+{29a}  Chancery Inquisition, 18 Henry VII., No. 34., taken at East Rasen,
+26 Oct., 1502.
+
+{29b}  Commission of Peace, 13 July, 1510, quoted _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, Jan. 1896, p. 15.
+
+{29c}  Inquisition post mortem, 6 Henry VIII., 20 Jan., A.D. 1515.  _Old
+Lincolnshire_, vol. i, p. 221.
+
+{29d}  Circa A.D. 1536.  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 14.
+
+{29e}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 192.
+
+{29f}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 215.
+
+{29g}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 221.
+
+{29h}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1879.  _Pedigree of
+Fitz-Williams_, p. 44, &c.  A Douglas Tyrwhitt of this family, daughter
+of George Tyrwhitt, Esq., in 1703 left a dole of 10/-, charged on land at
+Belchford, to the poor of Horncastle.
+
+{29i}  Patent Roll, 19 Elizabeth, pt. iv, m. 13, 2 May, 1577.
+
+{30a}  Privately printed, from Burghley Papers, by Right Hon. Edward
+Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, 1892.
+
+{30b}  Works of Thomas Becon, Parker Society, p. 480, note.
+
+{30c}  Bishop Aldrich died at Horncastle in March, 1555, he was a
+distinguished graduate of King's College, Cambridge, Provost of Eton, a
+correspondent of the great Dutch scholar Erasmus; afterwards made
+Archdeacon of Colchester, Canon of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the
+Garter, and consecrated to the See of Carlisle 18 July, 1537.
+
+{31a}  Exchequer Bills and Answers, Chas. I., Lincoln, No. 36.  Among the
+charges brought against Rutland Snowden (as already stated elsewhere) one
+was, that, besides having aided the forces of the Parliament, he had more
+than one wife.  The Snowden Arms are given in "Yorks. Union of Honour,"
+_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv., p. 16.
+
+{31b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i., p. 106.
+
+{31c}  The valuable collections of Sir Joseph Banks are still carefully
+preserved at Revesby Abbey, and form in themselves almost a museum.
+
+{32a}  Leland's _Collectanea_, 66, p. 300.
+
+{32b}  The stables of John of Gaunt's House still exist adjoining the
+High Street.
+
+{33a}  Quoted Weir's _History of Horncastle_, note p. 29, ed. 1820.
+
+{33b}  On Saturday, next the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, 21
+Jan., 1384-5, held by John de Feriby, Escheator of the King, in the
+County of Lincoln.
+
+{34}  Most of these fragments were removed by Mr. Stanhope to Revesby
+Abbey.  Two of them are preserved in the garden of Langton Rectory, near
+Horncastle.
+
+{36}  The origin of this Chantry is shewn by the following documents:--In
+the archives of Carlisle Cathedral is a copy, in Latin, of a Privy Seal
+State Paper, Domestic, vol. i, 5039, of date 5 May, 6 Henry VIII. (A.D.
+1514), slightly imperfect, but running thus: "The King to all . . .
+greeting.  Know that we, of our special grace . . . by these presents do
+grant . . . for us, our heirs and successors . . . to the devout woman,
+the Lady Margaret Copuldyke, widow, and Richard Clarke, tanner, of
+Horncastle, that they found a fraternity, or guild, to the honour of St.
+Katharine, and for the extending of divine teaching, in the Parish Church
+of the blessed Virgin of Horncastell, and mortain licence to acquire land
+of the annual value of 25 marks" (16 pounds 15s. 4d.).  Another document,
+a Chantry Certificate, Lincoln, No. 33 (55), Ed. VI. (1552), states that
+"the Guild of St. Katharine, in Horncastell, was founded by _Joan_
+Copuldyke, widow, and others, with the intention that one Chaplain for
+ever, should celebrate divine services in the church, for the souls of
+the founder, and others; the profits of the land and possessions are
+received by the Alderman of the Guild."  They are described as "worth
+yearly 13 pounds 8s. 8d., with fees, wages, rents and other reprises, 7
+pounds 15s. 3d.  The clear value, reprises deducted, yearly, 5 pounds
+13s. 10d.," with "goods, chattels and ornaments worth 1 pounds 10s."  It
+is to be observed that Gervase Holles says, that at the time of his
+visit, she was named "Margaret," in a window then existing in the church.
+A Patent Roll, 3 Ed. VI., pt. 5, m. 4, gives various lands and tenements,
+with which this chantry was endowed, in Horncastle, Spilsby, Thornton and
+Roughton, occupied by about 100 tenants; and states that all these were
+granted "by the King to Robert Carr, gent., of Sleaford, and John Almond,
+their heirs and assigns."  Witness, the King, at Westminster, 15 July,
+1549.  This is further confirmed by an Inquisition post mortem, 5 Eliz.,
+pt. 1, No. 67.  [This was 'in return for a payment by them of 1,238
+pounds 11s. 10d.']  Among the signatories to a declaration of the Royal
+supremacy (Lincoln Chapter Housebook, B. 3, 14, p. 39) are the names of
+Robt. James, Vicar of Horncastle Michel Whithed, Curate of Horncastle
+Hugh Doddington, "Cantuarista" of Horncastle (probably Chaplain of this
+Chantry).  It was also served by Robert Geffrey in 1552.  Chantry
+Certificates, Lincoln 33 (55).
+
+{37a}  Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241.  In a window in the north aisle was
+the inscription "Orate pro ai'a Thomae Coppuldike armig., et D'nae
+Margaretae, Consortis suae, fundatoria gildae cantar . . . fenestram
+fieri fecit.  Ano D'ni 1526."  In the eastern window of the south aisle
+was the inscription "Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istim
+fenestram fieri fecerunt. sc'ae Nemanae cum sera et catena.  Item S'ci
+Crispinus et Crispinianus cum instrumentis calceariis."  Here it is
+distinctly stated that a Guild of Shoemakers gave the window, and that
+Crispinus and Crispinianus the patron saints of shoemakers, were there
+represented.  A note in the same MS. states that Frances, wife of Gervase
+Holles, died at Horncastle and was buried there.  (These passages are
+quoted in Weir's _History of Horncastle_, pp. 30, 31, note, edition of
+1820).
+
+{38}  Mr. Dee had formerly been a Clerk in Mr. Clitherow's office, as
+Solicitor.
+
+{39a}  This was formerly the altar-piece below the east window of the
+chancel, before the present reredos was placed there, and dedicated at
+the Harvest Festival, 22 Sept., 1870.
+
+{39b}  It may here be stated, that the former font was quite as good as
+the present one, octagonal in form, and of perpendicular design, in
+harmony with older portions of the church.  It was, however, discarded at
+the restoration, and, for some time, hidden away among rubbish, but
+eventually presented to the restored church of the neighbouring parish of
+Belchford.  The bowl of the present font is too small to answer the
+requirements of the Rubric, and is not in keeping with the architecture
+of the church.
+
+{39c}  A Lectern, consisting of a large eagle, of cast iron, bronzed, on
+the model of one in St. Margaret's Church, Lynn, was presented by the
+late Prebendary Samuel Lodge, Rector of Scrivelsby.  This is still
+preserved in the south chancel chapel.
+
+{40a}  Walker in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_ (1714) gives an account
+of Thomas Gibson, which we here abridge.  Born at Keswick (in the diocese
+of Carlisle), he went to Queen's College, Oxford, was appointed Master of
+the Free School at Carlisle, there promoted to the similar post at
+Newcastle, and finally preferred by the Bishop of Carlisle to the
+Vicarage of Horncastle in 1634.  In consequence of a sermon preached by
+him, at the Election for Convocation, he was seized, in 1643, and carried
+as a prisoner to Hull.  Being released after four month's detention, and
+returning to Horncastle, he was charged with teaching "ormanism"
+(arminianism), and committed to the "County Jail" at Lincoln, a
+Presbyterian minister being appointed in his stead at Horncastle.  In
+1644 Colonel King, the Governor of Boston under the Parliament, ordered a
+party of horse to seize him (apparently having been released from
+Lincoln) and to plunder his house, but an old pupil, Lieut. Col. John
+Lillburn, interceded for him with his superior officer, Col. King, and
+the order was revoked.  In the subsequent absence, however, of Lillburn
+in London, the order was repeated, and Mr. Gibson was made prisoner, his
+house plundered, and his saddle horse, draught horses, and oxen carried
+off.  He was imprisoned at Boston, Lincoln and "Tattors-Hall Castle,"
+where he had "very ill-usage for 17 weeks."  He was sequestrated from his
+benefice and an "intruder," named Obadiah How, put in charge.  He was now
+accused of defending episcopacy, "refusing the covenant," &c.  He retired
+to a "mean house," about a mile from Horncastle, supposed to be at
+"Nether (Low) Toynton," where he and his family "lived but poorly for two
+years, teaching a few pupils."  He was then appointed Master of the Free
+School at Newark, two years later removed to the school at Sleaford,
+being presented by Lady Carr.  There he lived until the Restoration, and
+then resumed his Vicarage at Horncastle, until he died in 1678, aged 84.
+"He was a grave and venerable person (says Walker), of a sober and
+regular conversation, and so studious of peace, that when any differences
+arose in his parish, he never rested till he had composed them.  He had
+likewise so well principled his parish that, of 250 families in it, he
+left but one of them Dissenters at his death."  (Walker's _Sufferings of
+the Clergy_, pt. ii, p. 252, Ed. 1714).
+
+{40b}  There is an error in the date, which should be Oct. 11.  Further,
+the term "arch rebel" is inappropriate, as Cromwell was, at that time,
+only a Colonel, far from having attained his later distinction; the term
+"skirmish" is also inadequate, as the Winceby battle was a decisive
+engagement, with important consequences.
+
+{41a}  The origin of these scythes has of late years been a _vexata
+questio_.  It has been suggested that they are not, as generally
+supposed, relics of the Parliamentary War, but of the earlier so-called
+"Pilgrimage of Grace," or "Lincolnshire Rising," a movement intended as a
+protest against certain abuses attending the Reformation, in the reign of
+Henry VIII.  The evidence, however, gathered from various directions,
+would seem to be strongly corroborative of the old and more general
+opinion.  History shows that, for many years, about the period of the
+Commonwealth, scythes were among the commonest, rude weapons of war.  The
+artist Edgar Bundy, in his painting "The morning of Edgemoor," recently
+(1905) purchased for the National Gallery by the Chantry Trustees,
+represents a soldier armed with a straight wooden-handled scythe.  The
+battle of Edgemoor was fought Oct. 23, 1642, one year before that of
+Winceby.  We have also contemporary testimony in the _Memoirs of the
+Verney Family_ (vol. i, pp. 109-118 and 315), members of which took part
+in the civil war of that period, that King Charles' forces consisted
+largely of untrained peasants, "ill-fed and clothed . . . having neither
+colours, nor halberts . . . many only rude pikes . . . few a musket."  To
+such the scythes used in their farm labour would be handy weapons in
+emergency.  As a parallel to these cases Sir Walter Scott, in his preface
+to _Rob Roy_, states that "many of the followers of MacGregor, at the
+battle of Prestonpans (Sep. 21, 1745), were armed with scythe blades, set
+straight upon their handles, for want of guns and swords."  It is not
+without interest to note, that about 60 years ago there were exhumed, on
+the farm above Langton Hill, in Horncastle, the remains of 6 bodies,
+lying buried in a row, with scythe blades beside them.  It is known that
+skirmishes between Royalists and Roundheads took place in this locality,
+and it can hardly be doubted that these also were relics of the Winceby
+fight.  The then tenant of the farm, Mr. Dobson (as the writer has been
+informed by his granddaughter, Mrs. H. Boulton of St. Mary's Square,
+Horncastle), carted these remains to the town and they were re-buried in
+the south side of St. Mary's Churchyard, while the scythes were added to
+those already in the church.  An incident, which further confirms their
+connection with the Winceby fight, is that the present writer has in his
+possession a pair of spurs, which were found on the field of Winceby,
+remarkable for the long spikes of their rowels; and he himself once found
+the rowel of a spur, with similarly long spikes, within a few yards of
+where the bodies were discovered; and in the year 1905 he also examined
+several bones, pronounced by a doctor to be human, which were found near
+the same spot, while workmen were digging for the foundations of a house
+since erected there.  On the other hand, as against the theory of the
+scythes having been used in the earlier "Pilgrimage of Grace," we are
+distinctly told that the mobs concerned in that movement were deprived of
+all weapons before they could use them.  In the Lincoln Chapter House
+books (c. i, 20, f 193) is a letter from Richard Cromwell, dated Oct. 29,
+1586, which says that he, and Admiral Sir John Russell, went to Louth,
+where "all the harness and weapons were seized, and conveyed to Lincoln,"
+and that for the same purpose Mr. Bryan had been sent to Horncastle, and
+Mr. Brown to Market Rasen.  On the whole, therefore, the preponderance of
+evidence is strongly in favour of the connection of all these scythes
+with the neighbouring Battle of Winceby--the original tradition.
+
+{41b}  Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_ gives the quarterings of
+these shields as follows:--
+
+(1)  Sable, 2 lions passant in pale, ducally crowned, or, Dymoke impaling
+Barry of 6 ermines, and gules, 3 crescents, sable, Waterton; a crescent
+for difference.
+
+(2)  Dymoke impaling Vaire, on a fess, gules frette, or.  Marmyon, in
+chief, ermine, 5 fusils in fess, Hebden, a crescent for difference.
+
+(3)  Argent, a sword erect, azure, hilt and pomel gules.
+
+(4)  Dymoke impaling quarterly, gules and argent, a cross engrailed.
+Countercharged, Haydon, a crescent for difference.
+
+{42a}  The only other theft from the church of which we have record, was
+when the vestry was broken into in December, 1812, and the money
+collected for parish purposes was stolen.  A reward of 50 pounds was
+offered for information of the thief, but without result.  (MS. notes by
+Mr. T. Overton in possession of Mr. John Overton, of Horncastle.)
+
+{42b}  Details of these are given by Holles as follows:--
+
+                                   _In fenestra Insulae Borealis_.
+
+    "Orate pro a'ia Thomae Coppuldike Armig. & D'nae Margaretae Consortis suae fundatoris Gildae
+    Cantar . . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni 1526."
+
+                              _In superiori fenestra Borealis Cancelli_.
+
+    'Gules a lion passant guardant.  Arg. . . .
+
+    Sable, 3 flowres de lize betw: 6 crosses botony fitchy Arg. . . .
+
+    Gules, a cross sarcelly Arg." . . .                                                                           Bec.
+
+                              _In fenestra Orientali Insulae Australis_.
+
+    "Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt stae Ninianae cum
+    cera et catena.  Item sti Crispinus et Crispianus cum instrumentis calceariis."  (N.B.  The
+    feminine is an error of Holles, as St. Ninian was a man.  Collier's _History_, vol. i. p. 100).
+
+                                    _Fenestra Borealis superior_.
+
+Empaled: Sa, 2 lions passant arg. crowned or.                                                                   Dymoke
+
+Empaled: Or, a lion rampant double queue sa.                                                                    Welles
+
+Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. a chevron betw: 3 bulls passant sa.                                                   Tourney
+
+Empaled: Quarterly: B. a fesse betw: 3 goats' heads erased arg.
+
+Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. a chevron gobony sa.
+
+Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. on a bend g. 3 roses arg.
+
+Quarterly: Arg. chevron betw: 3 griphons' heads erased, g.                                                      Tilney
+
+Quarterly: Arg. 3 bars g. over all a bend engrailed, sa.                                                           Ros
+
+Quarterly: Quarterly or and g. a border sa bezanty.                                                           Rockford
+
+Quarterly: Arg. 3 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of flowres de lize
+
+Quarterly ermine and chequey or. and g.                                                                      Gipthorpe
+
+Arg. a chevron betw: 3 roses, g.
+
+Taylboys &c
+
+                                    _Fenestra Australis superior_.
+
+G. a fesse betw. 3 water bougets ermine                                                                          Meres
+
+Empaled.: Marchants Mark.
+
+Empaled.: Arg. on a Bend, G.  3 ferniers of the first
+
+    Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri Fressheville de Stavely,
+    in com. Derb. arm [ex priore uxore sua Ehzabetha filia Gervasii
+    Clifton de Clifton, in com.  Nott. Militis] et quondam uxor Gervasii
+    Holles de Burgh in cum. Lincoln.  Militis, cui peperit Freschvillum
+    Holles, et Margaretam, gemellos, et Franciscum Holles filium
+    juniorem.  Obijt Horncastell.  Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 241.
+
+{42c}  Mr. Sellwood lived in a house on the west side of the Market
+Place, now occupied by R. W. Clitherow, Esq., of a family long
+established in Horncastle.
+
+{44a}  Mr. Fretwell was Curate of Horncastle and Rector of Winceby,
+(_Directory of Horncastle_, 1791-2).  He would appear to have been, for a
+time, in sole charge of Horncastle, as we find that on one occasion (Feb.
+23, 1790) "sensible of the distresses of the sick poor, he gave 1.5 g.
+from the communion money to be laid out in Salop sago and Bowen's sago
+powder, to be distributed at the discretion of the Faculty."  (See
+account of the Dispensary.)
+
+{44b}  The vault of Dr. Madeley is within the chancel rails, beneath the
+tablet.  His son was an officer in the 68th Regiment of Foot, in which
+also a Horncastle man, named Walker, was sergeant.
+
+{46}  There is still, in Westminster Abbey, a chantry named "The Islip
+Chapel," which is used as a Robing room, at the consecration of the
+Bishops.
+
+{50}  A List of Institutions given in _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. v,
+p. 236 has the date of C. Monke's appointment, 24 Oct., 1558, and gives
+his predecessor as Henry Henshaw.  In a previous notice (_Ibidem_, p.
+201) the latter is given as Henry Henshoo.
+
+{57a}  The patronage and manorial rights (as already stated) were
+transferred to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the death of the Bishop of
+Carlisle in 1856.
+
+{57b}  We may add that Dr. Madely also left a bequest of 50 pounds
+towards a much needed church at Woodhall Spa; where through the energy of
+the Rev. H. Walter, Vicar of the parent parish of Woodhall St. Margaret,
+and Rector of Langton, the Church of St. Andrew was built before that of
+Holy Trinity, Horncastle, the foundation stone being laid by Sir H.
+Dymoke, April 2, 1846, and the consecration by Bishop Kaye taking place
+Sep. 14, 1847; the architect in this case also being Mr. Stephen Lewin,
+of Boston, a vicarage being built at the same time.
+
+{59}  All the coloured windows are by Messrs. Clayton & Bell.
+
+{60}  The sister of the present writer, who was a brilliant pianist,
+frequently went to play to Mr. Clarke, and, as she touched the piano, he
+would rouse himself and take his flute and try to accompany her.  It is
+not a little remarkable, that Mr. Clarke's widow, after a few years
+married again, a Medical Practitioner, near Windsor, and committed
+suicide by placing herself on the railway line, near that place, her
+mangled remains being afterwards found on the line.  Whether her mind had
+been affected by her first husband's tragic death, who can say?
+
+{61}  To show Mr. White's energy of character the writer may mention that
+he frequently, as a healthy diversion from his professional work, walked
+up to Langton Rectory before breakfast, and plied his spade in the
+garden, and then enjoyed a hearty breakfast with the Rector, returning to
+Horncastle in time for the daily service at 11 a.m.  As an instance of
+his kindly nature we may give the following: At Horncastle a poor girl
+was suffering from a "white swelling" in the knee.  The doctor declared
+that her life could only be saved by the leg being amputated above the
+knee.  She dreaded the operation, but consented, if Mr. White would
+support her in his arms during the process.  He was greatly averse to
+painful scenes, but reluctantly consented.  Those were not the days of
+anaesthetics, when such operations can be performed without the patients
+feeling it; but he said to her "Let us pray," and while the doctors were
+at work they prayed so fervently that she was too much absorbed to notice
+what was done.  At length she said, "Dear Mr. White will they never
+begin?"  His reply was "My good girl, your leg is off, and the Lord has
+spared you all the pain."  She lived to be a strong healthy woman and
+always blessed the curate.
+
+{62}  The writer had the privilege of visiting Mr. White at Jedburgh, and
+retaining his valued friendship through life, visiting him a short time
+before his death, and receiving many kindnesses from him.
+
+{64}  The _Morning Post_ of April 8, 1889, referring to the death of Sir
+F. Gore Ouseley, says "He was a member of an ancient Irish family . . .
+which gave to the world the Wellesleys, the Wesleys, and the Ouseleys,
+all springing from the same stock;" all three names being only varied
+forms of the same.  A clergyman, Rev. L. H. Wellesley Wesley, now of
+Folkestone, combines the two names.
+
+{65}  Samuel Wesley, the father, was himself originally a dissenter, but
+afterwards conformed to the established church.  He was appointed to the
+benefice of South Ormsby in 1699 and afterwards held the Rectory of
+Epworth, and that of Wroot.  His eldest son, Samuel, born about 1692, was
+an Under Master in Westminster School for several years, and later became
+Head Master of the Grammar School at Tiverton, in Devonshire.
+
+{66a}  This has been re-issued by Mr. A. C. Fifield, as No. 16 of "The
+Simple Series," 6d., 1905.
+
+{66b}  As a proof of his regard for the church we may quote his remark
+(given in _Christian Sects of the_ 19_th century_, W. Pickering, 1850)
+"The Church of England is the purest in Christendom."
+
+{66c}  The first Conference was held in London at "The Foundry," June 25,
+1744.  It consisted of only 10 persons, viz., the two brothers, John and
+Charles Wesley, three beneficed clergymen, John Hodges, Rector of Wenvo,
+Henry Piers, Vicar of Bexley, Samuel Taylor, Vicar of Quinton, and John
+Meriton, with four Methodist preachers, viz., John Downes, John Bennett,
+Thomas Richards and Thomas Maxfield.  At this gathering "The Rules of a
+Helper" were adopted, which form to this day a part of the "discipline"
+enjoined on Wesleyan Ministers.
+
+{68a}  Mr. Carr Brackenbury died August 11, 1818, aged 65, and the
+_Stamford Mercury_ of the time says of him, "He powerfully and eloquently
+preached the glad tidings of the gospel during many years, in numerous
+Wesleyan Chapels, in various parts of the kingdom.  He had previously to
+his intimacy with Wesley been a celebrated character on the turf."
+
+{68b}  The aged son of the last named is still (1905) living at Alford,
+and several grandsons are dispersed about the country.
+
+{70a}  _Horncastle News_, August 31, 1907.
+
+{70b}  The first Sunday School was held in the British School (later the
+Drill Hall) east of the Wong, from 1812 to 1848.
+
+{71a}  We may add that at the time of writing (1905) a Wesleyan Church
+House is about to be erected in Westminster, a fine building in the
+Renaissance style of architecture, which is to cost 140,000 pounds, the
+firm of Lanchester & Richards being contractors for the work.
+
+{71b}  In addition to the authorities already named, we are indebted for
+much of the information here given to an account by Mr. Watson Joll, in
+the _Methodist Recorder_ of Aug. 27, 1903, and to an article by the late
+Mr. W. Pacy, in the _Lincoln Gazette_ of Aug. 20, 1898.
+
+{71c}  _Religious Worship in England and Wales_, by H. Mann, from the
+census of 1851.
+
+{72}  Within comparatively recent times a Primitive Chapel at Thimbleby
+was commonly called "The Ranters" Chapel.
+
+{73}  _Life of the Venerable Hugh Bourne_, by Rev. Jesse Ashworth, 1888;
+also _History of the Primitive Methodist Connexion_, by Rev. H. B.
+Kendall, B.A.
+
+{74}  _The Venerable William Clowes_, a sketch, by Thomas Guttery.
+
+{78}  In connection with Robert Brown's writings it may be of interest to
+note, that in the year 1907, an American scholar, Mr. Champlin Burrage,
+of the Newton Theological Institution, of Massachusetts, discovered in
+the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, a hitherto unpublished work, in
+MS., entitled _The Retraction of Robert Brown_; which the author himself
+describes as "A reproofe of certeine schismatical persons and their
+doctrine touching the hearing and preaching of the Word of God."  This
+was written about the year 1588.  It has now been published by permission
+of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Oxford University Press, 2/6 net), and
+is described by the editor as "a sane and broad-minded" production.
+[_Guardian Newspaper_, June 19, 1907.]
+
+{80a}  These particulars are gathered from the volume _Christian Sects of
+the_ 19_th century_, published by W. Pickering, 1850.
+
+{80b}  Mann's _Religious Worship in England and Wales_, from the census
+of 1851.
+
+{80c}  Only two copies of this pamphlet are known to exist; one in the
+Library at Revesby Abbey; the other is in the possession of Mr. C. M.
+Hodgett, of Horncastle, an officer of the chapel, having been given to
+him by Miss Frances Robinson, a relative, presumably, of the author
+"W.R.," otherwise William Robinson.
+
+{80d}  Letter of Rev. J. G. Crippen, of The Congregational Library
+Memorial Hall, London, Dec., 1858.
+
+{82}  A fuller notice of Rev. T. Lord appears on page 89.
+
+{84a}  Written in prison, A.D. 1675.
+
+{84b}  Under what was called "The Five Mile Act."
+
+{84c}  The chapel generally regarded as the oldest in the kingdom is that
+at Highthorne, in Kent, which dates from 1650.
+
+{84d}  There is a tradition that there was a chapel near the watermill,
+but this was probably only a room retained for the convenience of those
+who were "dipped" in the pit.  Under date, Aug. 7, 1889, it is recorded,
+as though a novel event, that at a special service in the evening, the
+Lay Pastor, Mr. W. P. Milns, performed the ceremony of baptism, by
+immersion, in the chapel, the baptized being an adult, _Horncastle News_,
+August 10, 1889.
+
+{85a}  In 1876 the Horncastle Baptists joined the "Notts., Derby and
+Lincoln Union," which proved a great help to them.
+
+{85b}  Among those present were Rev. M. C. Mason from Tura, Assam,
+British India, a member of the American Missionary Union; Pasteur
+Saillens, of the French Baptist community; Dr. B. D. Gray of Georgia,
+U.S.A.; as well as delegates from Russia and Japan.
+
+{91}  For further information as to the origin of the school see
+_addendum_ at the end of this chapter.
+
+{92a}  "Comorants," this is the Latin "Commorantes," meaning "temporarily
+resident."
+
+{92b}  Lord Clinton was 9th in descent from John de Clinton, of Armington
+and Maxlock, Co. Warwick.  He was born in 1512; married Elizabeth,
+daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert, Lord Tailbois.  He was
+made Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln, Governor of the Tower of
+London, had been already granted the Manor and Castle of Tattershall by
+Ed. VI. and was created Earl of Lincoln by Elizabeth in 1572, a title
+still held by his descendants, now Dukes of Newcastle.  He died January
+16, 1584, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
+
+{92c}  It has already been stated that lands were given by John Neale in
+1575; and by will dated Feb. 7, 1692, Mr. Nicholas Shipley bequeathed 100
+pounds to assist poor scholars, but this was lost by the Treasurer, in
+1703.
+
+{92d}  By an apparently irregular proceeding, the land in Thornton was in
+1704, transferred to the Hon. Lewis Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Champion of
+England.  In 1811 the Governors decided to have their rights in this
+matter investigated.  Application was made to the Champion for an
+explanation of the transaction.  The case was submitted to the Charity
+Commissioners, no reply however was ever received from the Champion, and
+after a delay of 25 years, the matter was allowed to drop.  The 12 pounds
+a year paid in lieu of the former land does not seem to be an equivalent
+for the original gift.
+
+{93}  The present writer has a copy of this work.
+
+{94}  This grant amounted in 1903 to 60 pounds 19s.  The income for that
+year, apart from the grant, was 256 pounds 11s. 4d.; fees of pupils
+amounting to 263 pounds 10s.; school expenses 473 pounds 3s. 8d.
+
+{95a}  Among those, formerly connected with the school, who contributed
+to this Magazine, were the late Head Master, Canon S. Lodge; the Senior
+Governor, Dr. R. Jalland; A. C. Clapin, a whilome French pupil in the
+days of Dr. Smith, who was son of an officer in the army of Napoleon I.;
+and the present writer, who wrote School Reminiscences.
+
+{95b}  To the credit and honour of Dr. Smith, he brought his aged father
+and mother, the former being blind, to Horncastle, and provided for them
+in their old age.  They resided in a small cottage, close to his own
+house, now adjoining the Great Northern Hotel.
+
+{99a}  The writer possesses a copy of this, given to him by the author.
+He has also a 1st class prize, a book, signed by J. B. Smith and F.
+Grosvenor as 1st and 2nd masters.
+
+{99b}  His practice was always to close the school with these words.
+When the boys were let out for 10 minutes, to freshen up in the school
+yard, as was done at 11.30 every morning, the expression was varied to
+"exire licet."
+
+{99c}  Among the tasks set us to do by ourselves between Saturday morning
+and Monday, were theses on various subjects, or original verses, on some
+chosen theme; the writer still possesses several of these, of varied
+merit.  They taught us, however, the careful use of words.
+
+{100a}  The ringing of this bell was given up a few years ago, as the
+Governors decided not to pay for it.
+
+{100b}  The veteran, Mr. Thomas Baker, the friend of the champion
+cricketer, Dr. W. G. Grace, and the trainer of Sir Evelyn Wood, had not
+yet arrived at Horncastle, which he did a few years later, to put life
+and energy into our cricketers.
+
+{106a}  By Rev. T. P. Brocklehurst, Vicar of that parish, 1901.
+
+{106b}  As a similar instance to that named in the text, the school at
+Kingston on Thames is now called "Queen Elizabeth's," but it was founded
+by Bishop Edington, in 1364.  It may here be mentioned that the grammar
+school of Bruton, Somerset, which was originally founded in 1519, was
+re-established by Edward VI., "by letters patent, dated June 20, 1549,
+Corpus Christi day," on which day the Governors, Masters, and Scholars
+still attend a special commemoration service in the Parish Church.
+(_Guardian_, August 2, 1905, p. 1,287.)
+
+{106c}  Full details of these appointments are given in a Paper, by Mr.
+A. F. Leach, author of _English Schools at the Reformation_, for the
+_Gazette of the Old Bostonian Club_, which is reprinted in the Journal of
+the Lincolnshire Architectural Society, vol. xxvi, pt. ii, pp. 398 et
+seq, 1902.
+
+{108a}  The firm of Handley were Solicitors, of Sleaford.  Their recent
+representative was a member of the Banking Company of Peacock, Handley &
+Co. Henry Handley, Esq., represented South Lincolnshire in Parliament
+during 9 years, after the passing of the Reform Bill, dying in 1846, much
+regretted, after a long illness.  As a memorial of his public services a
+statue of him was erected in the main street of Sleaford in 1851, costing
+upward of 1,000 pounds.
+
+{108b}  The Swallows were a well-to-do family in Horncastle, living in
+the same part of the town as Mr. Watson, and the Coningtons.  Members of
+it, within memory, have been farmers, nurserymen, victuallers, &c.
+
+{110a}  This particular plot of ground, sometimes called "fool thing," is
+named in various other ancient documents connected with Horncastle.
+
+{110b}  The Governors at this date were John Thorold, M.D., Horncastle;
+Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, Roughton; Rev. William Boawre Coningsby; Robert
+Cole, Horncastle, gent; Benjamin Stephenson, Mareham-le-Fen, gent;
+Richard Heald, Horncastle, gent; Rev. John Wheeler, Mareham-le-Fen; Simon
+Draper and William Hirst Simpson, Horncastle; Francis Conington,
+Residuary Devisee; and Joseph Mowbound, Horncastle, clerk.
+
+{111}  Weir's _History of Horncastle_, 1820, pp. 41, 42.
+
+{112a}  Professor Walter's _History of England_, vol. vii., pp. 454-6.
+
+{112b}  This date is definitely fixed by the fact that the fittings of
+the school were sold by auction early in the following year (1877), among
+them being a desk, still in use, to the present writer's knowledge, in a
+neighbouring village school.  The premises were afterwards purchased by
+the late Mr. Alfred Healy, for a corn store, and they are now the
+warehouse of Messrs. Carlton & Sons, Chemists, of High Street.
+
+{112c}  The efficiency of the present church schools is testified to by
+the Report of the Government Inspector, in July, 1905, as follows: "Staff
+adequate, teaching energetic, boys and girls.  The new library should be
+a great benefit.  Infants, brisk and kind discipline; teaching bright and
+thorough."
+
+{113a}  The Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen, afterwards Viscount
+Goschen.
+
+{113b}  53 and 54 Victoria, chap. 60.
+
+{114a}  Mr. Mallet was afterwards assisted by Mr. Sydney N. Hawling,
+clerk to Mr. H. W. Kemp, Chemist, and also by Miss M. E. Edgar.
+
+{114b}  _Horncastle News_, Sept. 19, 1896.
+
+{115}  Miss Foster was an enthusiast in all her work, and being a cyclist
+she explored the country for many miles round Horncastle to collect
+fossils, besides making excursions into other counties, thus obtaining a
+valuable collection of specimens.  The writer possesses a copy of these
+lectures, which are remarkable for their fulness and precision.
+
+{120a}  The Rev. John Fretwell was Rector of Winceby, and began his
+ministry in Horncastle, June 24th, 1782, and was Curate under the Vicars,
+Revs. James Fowler and Joseph Robinson.  He would appear to have
+possessed a private income beyond his official stipend.  He was probably,
+for some time, in sole charge of the cure, as we find him disposing of
+some of the "communion money," for the benefit of the Dispensary, as
+recorded in a subsequent page of this chapter.  There is a tablet of
+black marble on the north wall of the chancel, in St. Mary's Church, in
+memory of Elizabeth, his first wife, who died Dec. 4th, 1784, and also of
+his infant son by his second wife), Matthew Harold, who died Sept. 19th,
+1786.
+
+{120b}  This was the house now occupied by Dr. H. A. Howes, 30, West
+Street; and the writer may add, that, within his own memory, while the
+house was occupied by a later tenant, Mr. Jason Alison, a poor lunatic,
+probably a survival of Dr. Harrison's asylum, was kept chained to the
+kitchen fireplace.  Such treatment would now be impossible, but parallel
+cases are on record in the neighbourhood.
+
+{122}  Dr. E. Jenner made his first experiment in 1796, announced his
+success in 1798, and the practice became general in 1799.
+
+{124}  Mr. Macarthur was the most indefatigable and efficient dispenser
+up to that time; the Governors more than once passing a vote of thanks
+for his services, raising his salary, or presenting him with a cheque.
+
+{127}  Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, says that lime, manure, and
+road material were charged half rates.  This was in 1828.
+
+{128}  We refer to an admirable Paper, read before the Society of Arts,
+London, by Mr. Buckley, C.S.I., Feb. 15th, 1906.
+
+{129a}  See a very interesting volume, _Our Waterways_, by Urquhart A.
+Forbes and W. H. R. Ashford.  Murray, London, 1906.
+
+{133}  Garnier's _Annals of British Peasantry_, 1895.
+
+{134a}  As an instance of this the Horncastle Union comprises 69
+parishes.
+
+{134b}  These books were inspected by the present writer a few years ago,
+although now (1906) supposed to be lost.  In the account of Thimbleby,
+given in the appendix to this volume, instances are given of various
+forms of relief to paupers, in coals, shoes, petticoats, &c., but always
+on condition that they attended the church services regularly, otherwise
+such relief was forfeited.
+
+{134c}  In some parts of the country "black bread," made of oatmeal, was
+in use, among the humbler classes, as late as in 1850.
+
+{134d}  This had been forestalled as early as in the reign of Edward I.;
+a Pipe Roll dated 12 Edward I. (A.D. 1284) shows that a payment of 60
+shillings was made for a common oven, rented of the Bishop of Carlisle,
+as Lord of the Manor.  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 237.
+
+{134e}  The older ones among us will remember that in the days of our
+grandmothers the spinning wheel was usually to be seen in the boudoir, or
+drawing room.  A common shrub of our hedgerows and copses is the spindle
+tree (euonymus europeus), so named because of its compact, yet light,
+wood was made the spindle of the spinster.  An old MS., kept by Sarah
+Cleveland, shows how not only the poor but ladies of all ranks, like the
+Homeric Penelope and her maidens, practised spinning; the younger with a
+view to providing a marriage portion for themselves; whence, until
+marriage, they were called "spinsters," a term still in use.  [Berenden
+Letters of William Ward and his family, of Berenden, Kent, 1758-1821,
+edited by C. F. Hardy.  Dent & Co., 1901.]  It may be here mentioned that
+the ancient building in Boston named Shodfriars' Hall, was formerly a
+spinning school.  In the Parish Register of Wispington, in this
+neighbourhood, not only is the female mentioned as "spinster," but the
+male is called "weaver," and in the adjoining parish of Woodhall there is
+a "weavers' close," part of which is named "tailors' garth," in the same
+connection, and the present parish clerk's grandmother, a Mrs. Oldfield,
+had herself a hand loom; and in the parish of Minting weaving is known to
+have been carried on extensively, an informant telling the present writer
+that his grandmother had a hand loom, see _Records of Woodhall Spa_, &c.,
+under Minting, by the author.  In Horncastle a weaver, named Keeling,
+formerly occupied the premises now the bookseller's shop of Mr. Hugh
+Wilson; another lived in the house, 3, North Street, now occupied by Mr.
+G. Walkley.
+
+{134f}  The members of this committee are given as Rev. Jas.  Fowler
+(Vicar), Joshua Towne (a well-known clock maker, whose clocks are still
+valued), Geo. Heald (gent), James Watson, William Maddison, Robert
+Boulton, John Spraggings, Francis Rockliffe, and Joshua Vickers (hatter).
+
+{134g}  In digging to lay the foundations of the building, a considerable
+number of ancient jars were exhumed, which passed subsequently into the
+possession of the Chaplain, the late Rev. E. M. Chapman, Rector of Low
+Toynton.  After disappearing for some years, several of these were sold
+in 1905.  They are supposed to be Cyprus ware.  The present writer has
+three of them, others have been presented to different museums, &c.
+
+{135}  The only town constable at that time was a feeble old man (it was
+said) a former smuggler.  He afterwards retired from this post, for which
+he was unfitted, and became host of the Lord Nelson Inn, close by the
+former scene of his duties.  We may add that the sign of this inn, a good
+portrait of Nelson, was the work of the artist Northouse.
+
+{140}  300 pounds was borrowed Nov. 19th, 1901.
+
+{142a}  Robert Whelpton, the father of George, who was also a shoemaker,
+used to relate that he made shoes for Sir John Franklin, before he went
+out as Governor of Tasmania.  Sir John, a native of Spilsby, was
+brother-in-law of Mr. Henry Selwood, who lived in the house on the west
+side of the Market Place, now occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, which
+would be opposite Whelpton's shop.  Sir John was Governor of Tasmania
+1836-1842.
+
+{142b}  William Thomas Whelpton took as a residence 69, Gloucester
+Crescent, Regent's Park, London; and Henry Robert Whelpton resided in
+Upton Park, Slough.
+
+{142c}  While at Derby he revisited Horncastle, driving over in a hired
+carriage, with pair of horses, and it is said that a local wag, seeing
+his carriage in the Bull Hotel yard, wrote upon it with chalk:
+
+    "Who would have thought it,
+    That pills could have bought it?"
+
+{143a}  His wife's maiden name was Barber.  She was, by profession, a
+lady's stay maker, and occupied a house standing on the site of the
+present Church National School.
+
+{143b}  The inscription on the houses states that they were erected by
+George Whelpton, of 1, Albeit Road, Regent's Park, London, in 1861, in
+memory of his wife Elizabeth, who died Dec. 11, 1859.
+
+{145}  The present writer still has in his possession, as a cherished
+heirloom, the sword and sash of his grandfather, the owner of Tanshelf
+House, Pontefract, as well as of residences at Lofthouse and Methley.
+
+{146}  Similarly the present writer has a photograph of an uncle, who was
+an officer of yeomanry in 1804, and lived to join the modern yeomanry in
+1860.
+
+{155}  _Illustrated Police News_, Aug. 18th, 1883,
+
+{159}  The _Boston Guardian_ in an obituary notice said "all who knew him
+esteemed him," and the _Horncastle News_ said "There is gone from among
+us one of nature's true gentlemen."
+
+{160}  This ready mode of disolving the bond of wedlock was not uncommon
+in former times, but a similar case is recorded as having occurred in or
+near Scarborough in recent years, and in November 1898 a case came before
+Mr. Justice Kekewich, in the Chancery Court, of a man, before leaving for
+Australia, having sold his wife for 250 pounds.
+
+{162}  For these details, as well as many others, I am indebted to family
+records in the possession of the late Mr. John Overton, which I have had
+the privilege of consulting on many occasions.  J.C.W.
+
+{165}  Mr. Isaac Taylor in his _Words and Places_ (p. 201, ed. 1873),
+says "I cannot discover any indication of the place where the
+Lincolnshire 'Thing' (the Saxon 'County Council') assembled, unless it
+was at Thimbleby or Legbourne."  There are, however, several parishes
+containing the element "thing" in their field names; for instance there
+is one in Welton near Lincoln; there is a Candlesby Thyng, a Norcotes
+Thyng, and Ravenworth Thyng, named in a Chancery Inquisition, 20 Henry
+VII., No. 133, &c.  (_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 38.)
+These were probably the localities where smaller parish meetings were
+held.
+
+{166a}  A superior tenant, holding under Bishop Odo, was a rather
+important man in the county, frequently mentioned in documents of the
+period, as Alan of Lincoln.  He also held lands in Langton and other
+parishes in the neighbourhood.  (Survey of Lindsey, Cotton MS., British
+Museum.  Claudius, c. 5.  A.D. 1114-1118.)
+
+{166b}  Notices of Hagworthingham.
+
+{166c}  Albemarle, or Aumarle, was a town in Normandy, now called Aumale,
+whence the Duc d' Aumale, of the Royal family of France, takes his title.
+Probably the Earl put in a claim for this demesne indirectly, because (as
+already stated) Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, was sister of Bishop Odo,
+the former Lord of Thimbleby.
+
+{166d}  The Gaunts took their name from Gande, now Ghent, in Flanders.
+Gilbert was the son of Baldwyn, Earl of Flanders, whose sister was
+married to William the Conqueror.  He was thus nephew to the Conqueror's
+consort.  He held 113 manors in Lincolnshire besides many others
+elsewhere.  Both he and his son Walter largely endowed Bardney Abbey.
+The name of Gaunt still survives in our neighbourhood.
+
+{166e}  Notes on Bolingbroke, &c.
+
+{167a}  Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 31 Edward I.
+
+{167b}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, p. 52.
+
+{167c}  It may be nothing more than an accidental coincidence that the
+name of Bartholomew occurs in the Thimbleby Register in modern times.
+
+{167d}  These charters belong to the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of
+Wispington, by whom they were communicated to _Lincs. Notes & Queries_,
+vol. v, No. 38, April, 1897.
+
+{168a}  Harleian Charter, British Museum, 43 G, 52, B.M.  _Lincs. Notes &
+Queries_, Oct., 1898, p. 244.
+
+{168b}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem 6 Ed. III.
+
+{168c}  Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Ed. III., and notes thereon,
+_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, p. 257.
+
+{168d}  Court of Wards Inquisition, 3, 4, 5 Ed. VI., vol. 5, p. 91.
+
+{169a}  Harleian Charter, British Museum, 56 B, 49 B.M.
+
+{169b}  Myntlyng MS. of Spalding Priory, folio 7 b.
+
+{170a}  At the time of the Norman Conquest, according to Sir Henry Ellis,
+there were 222 parish churches in the county, and only 131 resident
+priests.  Sharon Turner gives 226 churches, about half without a resident
+minister.
+
+{170b}  Hundred Rolls, p. 299.  Oliver's _Religious Houses_, p. 78.
+
+{171a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, 1898, p. 135.
+
+{171b}  _History of Lincolnshire_, p. 334.
+
+{172a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vol. ii, p. 38.
+
+{172b}  I have been informed of this by the Rev. Edwin Richard Kemp, of
+St. Anne's Lodge, Lincoln, who is a scion of a collateral branch of the
+family, to be named next amongst the successive owners of the Hall-garth.
+
+{173a}  Weir's _History of Lincolnshire_, p. 334.
+
+{173b}  Henry Kemp and "Elinor" Panton were married in 1723.  They had a
+numerous family, including Michael, baptized May 2nd, 1731; Thomas,
+baptized 1737, married 1768; and Robert, baptized 1740, married 1766.
+Thomas and Robert were family names, which occurred in successive
+generations.  There were other branches of the family, whose
+representatives still survive; including the Rev. Edwin R. Kemp, already
+referred to, whose grandfather was first cousin of the last Thomas Kemp
+residing at the Hall-garth.  When the Kemp property was sold, a portion,
+at one time belonging to William Barker, was bought by the Rev. R. E.
+Kemp of Lincoln.
+
+{173c}  N. Bailey's _Dictionary_ 1740.
+
+{173d}  The Saxon word "caemban" meant "to comb," whence our words
+"kempt" and "unkempt," applied to a tidy, neatly trimmed, or combed,
+person, and the reverse; or used of other things, as Spenser, in his
+_Faery Queen_, says:
+
+    "I greatly lothe thy wordes,
+    Uncourteous and unkempt."--Book III, canto x, stanza xxix.
+
+On the other hand, more than 100 years before the days of the Huguenots,
+there was a Cardinal John Kemp, afterwards consecrated Archbishop of
+Canterbury, A.D. 1452, born at Wye, near Ashford in Kent.  In the old
+Rhyming Chronicle "Laweman's Brut," of date about A.D. 1205, we find
+"Kemp" used as a parallel to "Knight," or warrior; as
+
+    "Three hundred cnihtes were also Kempes,
+    The faireste men that evere come here."
+
+    ("Hengist and Horsa," Cottonian MS., Brit. Mus., "Otho," c. xiii.)
+    ("Morris's _Specimens of early English_," p. 65.)
+
+In Bedfordshire there is a village named Kempston, which, like Campton in
+the same county, is supposed to be derived from the Saxon "Kemp," meaning
+"battle."  Taylor's _Words and Places_, p. 206.
+
+{175}  One of these Marshalls began life as the owner of property,
+hunting in "pink," &c., but ended his days as the clerk of a neighbouring
+parish.  Another had a public-house and farm in another near parish; his
+descendant is a beneficed clergyman in the diocese of Exeter.
+
+{176a}  There were six bells in the original church.  These were sold by
+the said churchwarden, who would appear to have been a zealous
+iconoclast.  According to one tradition they went to Billinghay, but as
+the church there has only three bells, this is probably an error.
+Another version is that they were transferred to Tetford church; had the
+removal occurred in the time of the Thimblebys, this might not have been
+improbable, as they were patrons of that benefice; but several other
+churches claim this distinction, and, further, there are only three bells
+in that church, so that this again is doubtless a mistake.
+
+{176b}  Gervase Holles gives the following as the inscription existing in
+his time (circa 1640), "Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburg et Emmotta ejus
+uxor, qui quidem Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii, An'o D'ni 1476, quorum
+a'iabus p'pitietur Deus.  Amen."  There are, he adds, "figures of
+themselves upon the stone, and ten children, all in brasse."  Harleian
+MS., Brit. Mus., No. 6,829, p. 177.
+
+{177}  In _Magna Britannia_ it is stated that he held 15 manors in this
+county.  In connection with the Paganell family it may here be noted that
+a daughter, Maud, of Gilbert de Gaunt, married a Norman, Ralph Fitzooth;
+their son William Fitzooth married the daughter of Beauchamp Paganell;
+from whom sprung Robert Fitz Ooth, commonly known as Robin Hood.
+Stukeley, _Palaeol Brit._, vol. ii, p. 115.
+
+{178a}  _Guardian_, Jan. 18th, 1905.
+
+{178b}  _Monasticon_, vol. i, 564-565.
+
+{178c}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 16, 17.
+
+{178d}  Weir's _History of Lincolnshire_, vol. i, p. 335.  Ed. 1828.
+
+{179}  Harleian MSS., No. 6,829, p. 342.
+
+{180a}  It contains several entries of baptisms during the Commonwealth,
+a period when, frequently, only births were allowed to be registered.
+
+{180b}  Testa de Nevill, folio 248 (536).
+
+{183a}  Testa de Nevill, fol. 348 (556).
+
+{183b}  _Domesday Book_.
+
+{183c}  Soc-men were small tenants who held their lands under the lord,
+on the terms of doing certain agricultural service for him.  Bordars,
+from the Saxon "bord" a cottage, were a lower class of smaller tenants,
+who had a cottage and small allotment, supplying to the lord more
+continuous labour, and also eggs and poultry.  By statute of Queen
+Elizabeth (31 Eliz., c. 7), which probably only confirmed old usage, at
+that time liable to fall into abeyance, it was enacted that any
+proprietor electing a new cottage should be compelled to attach thereto
+four acres of land.  If something like this were done in these days we
+should probably hear less of the rural population migrating to the towns,
+to the increase of pauperage.  There was a third still lower class of
+dependents, not here mentioned, named villeins, who performed the meanest
+labours; these were attached either to the land, or to the person of the
+owner, and could be transferred from one to another owner, like goods or
+chattels.  Such a position of serfdom is unknown to the agricultural
+labourer of modern times; and their name, as having belonged to the
+lowest grade of society, now only survives as a synonym for a dishonest
+person, a scoundrel or villain.
+
+{184a}  A "trentall" was thirty masses for the dead to be celebrated on
+thirty several days.
+
+{184b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol iv, pp. 12-13.
+
+{185a}  Weir's _History_, ed. 1828, p. 335.
+
+{185b}  Mr. Taylor in his _Words and Places_, p. 130, says that "there is
+hardly a river named in England which is not celtic, _i.e._ British.  The
+name Waring is British; garw, or gwarw, is welsh, _i.e._ British, and
+appears in other river names, as the Yarrow and Garry in Scotland, and
+the Garonne in France.
+
+{186}  This bridge was taken down and a wider and more substantial one
+erected in 1899.
+
+{187a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii. p. 218.
+
+{187b}  _Ibid._, pp. 87, 88.
+
+{187c}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv. pp. 212, 213.
+
+{188a}  Canon Maddison, _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, p. l62.
+
+{188b}  In the old Register Book of Burials, &c., of the parish of
+"Toynton Inferior," is an entry of the burial of "--- Newcomen ye 17th
+November, 1592."  The Christian name is undecipherable.
+
+{190a}  Sewer is a common local name for a drain, or even a clear running
+stream.  Such a stream, called the Sewer, rises at Well-syke Wood in this
+parish, and runs into the Witham river, nearly four miles distant,
+perfectly limpid throughout its course.  As to the name Well-syke, "sike"
+is an old term for a "beck," or small running stream.  "Sykes and meres"
+are frequently mentioned in old documents connected with land.  The word
+syke is doubtless connected with "soak," and this wood was so named
+because the "syke" welled up within a marshy part of it.
+
+{190b}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. xxiii, pp. 122 and 132.
+
+{190c}  Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 244.
+
+{191}  It was at Roughton in 1631.
+
+{192a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, pp. 245-6.
+
+{192b}  Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 245.
+
+{194a}  Sir Jos. Banks was Lord of the Manor.
+
+{194b}  Archdeacn Churton's _English Church_; Introd. _Domesday Book_, by
+C. Gowen Smith, p. xxxii.
+
+{195a}  Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 218.
+
+{195b}  Burn's _Justice_, vol. v, pp. 823-4.
+
+{196a}  _Revesby Deeds & Charters_, published by Right Hon. E. Stanhope,
+No. 150.
+
+{196b}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 214.
+
+{196c}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1891, p. 24, and 1897, pp.
+145-163.
+
+{196d}  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, pp. 75, 79.
+
+{196e}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p. 215.
+
+{198a}  A pamphlet on _The Ayscough family and their connections_, by J.
+Conway Walter, 1896.
+
+{198b}  _Lincolnshire Wills_, by Canon Maddison.
+
+{198c}  At this early period, partly perhaps owing to laxity of morals,
+but partly because the papal supremacy was not fully recognised, celibacy
+of the clergy was not strictly enforced.  On the accession of Queen Mary
+great numbers of them were found to be married.  She issued "Injunctions"
+to the bishops in 1553-4, ordering them to deprive all such of their
+benefices; although some of them, on doing public penance, were restored
+to their position.  In the Lincoln Lists of Institutions to Benefices, at
+that period, many of the vacancies are stated to have occurred, owing to
+the deprivation of the previous incumbent; and in some cases, as at
+Knebworth, Herts., and at Haversham, Bucks, (both then in the Lincoln
+diocese), it is specified that the incumbent so deprived was married
+(sacerdos conjugatus).  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. v, p. 174.
+
+{198d}  One derivation of the name Revesby is from "reeve," a fox, or
+rover, and we still call the fox the "little red rover."
+
+{201a}  The Glenham family were at one time located at Miningsby; when
+the Revesby estates passed from the Duke of Suffolk, Thomas Glenham,
+Esq., with Sir Henry Sidney, and some others, succeeded to different
+portions.
+
+{201b}  _Words and Plans_, by J. Taylor.
+
+{202}  This tract of forest probably was very extensive.  We know that in
+the north-west of the county, and extending to near Doncaster, there was
+the forest of Celidon; south of that was Sherwood forest.  In Holland
+there was the forest of "Haut Huntre" (its Norman name); and there is a
+tradition, in our neighbourhood, of a church, not far from Old
+Bolingbroke, being called "St. Luke's in the Forest," now known as
+Stickney; this name itself probably meaning a "sticken," or staked,
+island; a kind of preserved oasis, or clearing, in a wilderness of wood
+and morass.  _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1858, p. 231.
+
+{203a}  This has also been quoted in the Notes on High Toynton; and
+another case of a similar tenure of land is mentioned in the Notes on
+Hameringham.
+
+{203b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vol. iii, pp. 245-6.
+
+{203c}  _Domesday Book_, "Land of Robert Despenser."
+
+{204}  In _Domesday Book_ the chief features are "the woodland" and
+"fisheries," no less than 10 of the latter are named as belonging to
+Robert Despenser.
+
+{205}  Harleyan MS., No. 6829, pp. 179-182, given in Weir's _History of
+Horncastle_, pp. 50-53.
+
+{206a}  In the reign of Mary Sir Edward Dymoke married Anne, daughter of
+Sir G. Taillebois.
+
+{206b}  _Gentleman's Magazine_, April, 1826.
+
+{207a}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. ii, p. 108.
+
+{207b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 119-120.
+
+{208a}  Mr. Tyrwhitt, like many other clergy in his day, was
+non-resident; the duty being performed by a curate, the Rev. W. Robinson,
+who held also the rectory of Moorby, but resided in Horncastle.
+
+{208b}  _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. ii, p. 39.
+
+{209}  The writer of these notes in his youth used to visit a farmer,
+living in the fen, whose father was among the first to erect his
+farmstead in that locality.  He had first to solidify the site of his
+dwelling by importing soil by boat; and, when that was effected, to
+import by boat all the materials for the buildings; the construction of
+roads followed; and thus in course of time a waste of morass became one
+of the most fertile tracts in the country.
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***
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