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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/31962-h.zip b/31962-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a22024a --- /dev/null +++ b/31962-h.zip diff --git a/31962-h/31962-h.htm b/31962-h/31962-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bcdbbf --- /dev/null +++ b/31962-h/31962-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1112 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Ethical Way, by Joseph Farrell + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; background-color: #FFFFFF; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +.tr {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 2em; background-color: #f6f2f2; color: black; border: dotted black 1px;} + +.img1 {border:solid 1px; } + +.p1 { margin-left: 80%; } + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + +.caption {font-weight: bold; font-size:smaller;} + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-top: 0.25em; + margin-right: 0.25em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft1 { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 0.25em; + margin-top: 0.2em; + margin-right: 0.25em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +/* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ethical Way, by Joseph Farrell + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Ethical Way + +Author: Joseph Farrell + +Illustrator: Johnson + +Release Date: April 12, 2010 [EBook #31962] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ETHICAL WAY *** + + + + +Produced by Sankar Viswanathan, Greg Weeks, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="tr"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:</p> +<p class="center">This etext was produced from Galaxy Science Fiction March 1958. Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.</p></div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img class="img1" src="images/cover.jpg" width="400" height="535" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<p> </p> +<h1>The Ethical Way</h1> +<p> </p> +<h2>By JOSEPH FARRELL</h2> +<p> </p> + +<h3>Illustrated by JOHNSON</h3> +<p> </p> +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>There is a way around every tabu, knock on wood—but just +watch out that the wood doesn't knock back!</i></p></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figleft1"><img src="images/image_i1.jpg" alt="I" width="44" height="50" /></div> +<p>s it time?" Jarth Rolan asked anxiously. Pilot Lan Barda pushed him +gently back into a seat. "No, but very soon. And be calm—you're +jumpier than a human."</p> + +<p>"But we've waited so long—yes, a long time. And I <i>am</i> anxious to get +home."</p> + +<p>Lan peered calmly out of his vehicle. They were hovering in Earth's +upper atmosphere, at the permitted limit.</p> + +<p>"Be patient. These people have almost reached the critical point. +We'll get the signal before long."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan popped out of his chair and danced about in nervous +excitement.</p> + +<p>"Won't it be dangerous? For us, I mean. Going down into that +radioactive atmosphere. And how about them—will any of them live? +Suppose we wait too long?"</p> + +<p>Lan Barda laughed. He was a husky humanoid, pinkish of skin and +completely hairless, like all galactics. He slapped Jarth Rolan's +back.</p> + +<p>"We have experts watching. These humans have used four cobalt bombs, +and plenty of smaller stuff. The fallout is close to the danger point. +Our observers will know just when we can move in because—" he winked +and his voice dropped to a conspiratorial whisper—"they're using +automatically controlled instruments."</p> + +<p>"Oh, my!" Jarth Rolan clapped his hands to his cheeks. "But those are +robots—and the use of robots is against religion."</p> + +<p>"I know, Jarth. But we won't be using them much longer, will we?" He +poked a playful finger into Jarth's ribs. "We'll have slaves—and +it'll be completely ethical."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan winced. "Must you use that word 'slaves,' Lan? It sounds +so—" He waved his hands.</p> + +<p>Lan laughed again. "Be honest with yourself, Jarth. You're out to make +a few <i>dopolins</i> for yourself as a slave raider."</p> + +<p>"An entrepreneur," said Jarth. "In personal services."</p> + +<p>Lan Barda became serious. "There's the signal—it's time to go down. +Let's go, Jarth, before somebody else gets them all."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_a.jpg" alt="A" width="37" height="40" /></div> +<p>n hour later, it was Lan Barda's turn to be nervous. He watched a +needle creep into the red zone.</p> + +<p>"Hurry, Jarth. We've been on this planet long enough. That fifth +cobalt bomb is sending the index up fast. Can't you skip these last +few?"</p> + +<p>"Oh, no. Very unethical to leave these three here to die. Must take a +small chance, you know. Besides, see the sign on that taxi—just +married. A fine young couple. And a fine young taxi driver. Couldn't +sleep if I didn't help these three."</p> + +<p>"Couldn't sleep thinking of the profit you'd passed up. Here, let me +take that one. We have to get out of here fast."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan fluttered anxiously about the pilot until they were safely +above the poisoned atmosphere.</p> + +<p>"How many?" he asked. "Did we fill the ship?"</p> + +<p>Lan Barda checked off items on his clipboard. "A thousand and three, +with these last ones. You'll make a good profit."</p> + +<p>"Not so much the profit. Oh, no. More than that involved. Ethics and +religion, Lan. Yes. With all these sla—servants, our people will +never have to use robots. They'll be relieved of routine labor and can +devote their lives to art and science. And it's all ethical—oh, yes, +for these people were doomed."</p> + +<p>"Want to know something, Jarth?" Lan Barda bent closer and whispered +wickedly. "This ship has automatic controls. Has to. No living being +has fast enough reactions to handle an interstellar ship. All robot +driven, at least in part."</p> + +<p>"Robots! May we be forgiven!" Jarth stared suspiciously at Lan Barda. +"Sometimes, Lan, I think you are an agnostic."</p> + +<p>The pilot became more serious. "Maybe, Jarth. In our work, we must use +robots. We joke about it, but it goes against all galactic belief to +let a machine think for us. Maybe that's why we pilots are so +cynical."</p> + +<p>"A galactic is always ethical," said Jarth Rolan solemnly. "This +affair, for example. We let these poor creatures of Earth handle their +own affairs with no interference until they doomed themselves. It was +unethical to intervene a minute sooner. Yes—the ethical way and I +feel better for it and proud to be a galactic."</p> + +<p>"That's true," said Lan Barda. "A galactic wouldn't feel right, being +a member of the dominant race of the Galaxy, if he didn't help the +less fortunate."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_j.jpg" alt="J" width="22" height="40" /></div> +<p>arth Rolan had prepared a center on his estate for the slaves. The +demand was greater than the supply. He chatted happily with his wife.</p> + +<p>"An excellent investment, Shalla—yes. And the highest group council +wants us to lease them out by the day for the present instead of +selling outright."</p> + +<p>She nodded. "That's the fair way. Everybody can have a turn having a +slave."</p> + +<p>"And," said Jarth, rubbing his pink hands, "we'll collect every day +and still hold title."</p> + +<p>"Will they multiply fast," asked Shalla, "so there will be enough for +all?"</p> + +<p>"They always did on Earth. Yes. By the time we pass our estate on to +our son, this investment will have multiplied in value."</p> + +<p>At the center, the slaves clustered about the bulletin boards to read +the slave code. The three who had been brought aboard last stood +together. Laurent Crotier and his wife Jean were still in their +wedding clothes, and Sam the taxi driver was in uniform. They read the +seven articles of the slave code.</p> + +<p>"We have to work twelve hours a day," Laurent observed. "And have off +every seventh day. This could be worse."</p> + +<p>"We'll keep our eyes open and wait for our chance," Sam piped up. +"Some day we'll make a break out of here."</p> + +<p>"Yeah," said Jean. "And remember, Frenchy, no kids."</p> + +<p>Nine months later, Laurent, Jr., was born. Before the blessed event, +Laurent went to Jarth Rolan with a complaint.</p> + +<p>"She can't do it, work twelve hours a day now. You have to change the +rules. By gar, if my wife die 'count of this, I goin' kill you, Jarth +Rolan."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan waltzed about nervously, biting his fingernails.</p> + +<p>"No, we do not want her to have trouble. No. She will need proper +rest. There is a meeting of the highest group council right now, +concerning this. Others have the same problem. But yes, I will relieve +her of work without waiting for the council's decision. Tell your wife +to stay home, Laurent, until the baby is born."</p> + +<p>Laurent pushed his luck. "And after that, too. A kid got to have a +mother. I do the work for three, you let my wife take care of the +family."</p> + +<p>"Oh, this <i>is</i> a problem!" Jarth Rolan rubbed his fingers unhappily +over his bald scalp. "Some of the other females are in the same +condition. But it is like planting a crop—one labors hard at the +beginning to reap a great harvest later. We will work this out."</p> + +<p>The next day, fifteen articles amending the code arrived and were +posted. Laurent read happily.</p> + +<p>"Now," he said to Jean, "it is the law. You will stay home and have +the baby."</p> + +<p>"'And for such further period'," she read, "'as is considered +necessary.' You sure told him off, Frenchy."</p> + +<p>She squeezed his arm affectionately and his chest went out a little.</p> + +<p>"And remember," she said, "this is the last one."</p> + +<p>"Look at this rule," said Sam. "All kids must be educated. I'm only—" +he winked at them—"thirteen. It's off the job and back to school for +me."</p> + +<p>Laurent blinked. "By gar, Sam, I think you been shaving pretty near as +long as I am. But if Jarth Rolan ask me, I say I know Sam is +thirteen."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan came along to explain the amendments.</p> + +<p>"We don't want the slaves to be ignorant. Oh, no. It will be worth +extra effort and expense to reap the harvest. The slaves will work at +many specialized tasks. Even personal servants will read and write +letters and help at business and keep accounts—yes, indeed. We must +assign some slaves to teaching."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_a.jpg" alt="A" width="37" height="40" /></div> +<p>bout the time Laurent, Jr., started school, Laurent led a delegation +to Jarth Rolan.</p> + +<p>"We got some complaint to make. These food servings pretty small +lately. We work hard, we have to eat more."</p> + +<p>Jarth Rolan's facial skin had developed wrinkles, though the +galactics' life span was comparable to a human's and he was only about +forty. He fidgeted.</p> + +<p>"I am sorry—oh, yes. Sorry. There have been delays in food +shipments—the same trouble all over. Too many excused from the work +force, you know. Most of the women are pregnant or have children, and +teachers and special assignments—but things will improve, believe me. +Yes. You will soon find an improvement. Yes—very soon."</p> + +<p>The delegation talked it over outside Jarth Rolan's house.</p> + +<p>"He's been letting himself go," said a woman. "Did you notice how thin +he's become? And the same with his family."</p> + +<p>Laurent reflected. "To raise a lot of kids is hard. My father, he work +like hell all the time. Raise his own food, don't depend on nobody. I +think that land back of the center, we should plough it up and put in +some potatoes."</p> + +<p>"On our own time?" Sam exclaimed.</p> + +<p>Laurent chuckled. "Well, Sam, you got no kids—you just a young boy +eighteen years old. By gar, I think you have gray hair when you +twenty-one."</p> + +<p>The others joined the laughter. Sam's lie about his age had +boomeranged—he had been kept in school and denied permission to marry +until he was officially eighteen, a few months ago.</p> + +<p>Laurent fingered his chin thoughtfully. "I think we look over that +land. Maybe we get some time out from our regular work, we do some +farming."</p> + +<p>Before the blowup on Earth, the galactics had made occasional landings +to gather animals and seeds of food plants. Certain centers were put +under government control to grow food for the slaves. The people at +Jarth Rolan's center saw that this arrangement was breaking down +because of the increasing slave population and the diversion of labor +to child raising. They looked over the piece of land and Laurent +okayed it. They went back to Jarth Rolan. He approved at once.</p> + +<p>"Oh, indeed. I can obtain all the equipment you'll need. Get started +right away. We can grow a good part of our own food. Yes. I am sure it +will work out."</p> + +<p>"We goin' need some time for work the farm," Laurent pointed out.</p> + +<p>"Oh? I thought maybe in your spare time—"</p> + +<p>"You want to kill us?" Sam demanded. "Put us on an extra job after +working us hard twelve hours a day?"</p> + +<p>"But—there's so little coming in. Still, maybe you're right. Worth +the extra trouble and expense now. Building for the future—that's the +idea."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_j.jpg" alt="J" width="22" height="40" /></div> +<p>arth Rolan notified his group leader of the arrangement and it +percolated swiftly up through the hierarchy to the council of the +highest group heads, who directed policy for the entire Galaxy. There +were nine of them and they talked over this development.</p> + +<p>"I approve. We should have done it this way from the beginning."</p> + +<p>"Of course. But certain advocates of government control insisted on +public ownership of the food farms—"</p> + +<p>"What do you mean, certain advocates? If you mean me, be galactic +enough to say so."</p> + +<p>"I intend no personal offense to anybody. But there is bound to be +inefficiency in any government project—"</p> + +<p>The chairman pounded the table. "Stay with the subject. It has been +suggested that each center grow part of its food. I am in favor."</p> + +<p>"But it cuts down the available labor force. We're having complaints +now about the shortage of slaves—"</p> + +<p>"Think of the future. I admit the present situation is difficult. It's +like raising a herd of prize cattle—all expense and no profit at +first. Then the herd is built up and suddenly you're rich."</p> + +<p>"But we're putting so much into it—"</p> + +<p>"The more we put in, the more we take out. And they're multiplying +rapidly. Remember our new goal of two slaves for each galactic—one +for the day shift and one for the night. It's the only way our people +can live a decent life, freed from routine labor, devoting themselves +to art and science."</p> + +<p>"That's right. We work so our children can lead the better life. It's +worth some sacrifice."</p> + +<p>The chairman stood up. "Most of us seem willing to endure a little +hardship now for the benefit of our children. I suggest we endorse +this new procedure."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_l.jpg" alt="L" width="33" height="40" /></div> +<p>aurent, Jr., married the girl next door. Laurent celebrated the +wedding with a barrel of beer he had brewed on the farm. Sam became +glassy-eyed and lectured the young couple.</p> + +<p>"Just wait for the right time. Rise up and capture their spaceships. +That's what we'll do. We'll go back to Earth and then let them try to +get us off it again."</p> + +<p>"But Earth is dead," Laurent, Jr., objected. "We can't live there. +Poisonous radiation."</p> + +<p>"By gar!" Laurent drained another brew. "You believe everything they +tell you, hah? We goin' show them sometime. Like Sam says, not now, +but sometime. Maybe me and Sam don't do it, but don't you kids +forget—you not goin' be slaves always. You watch for the right time, +like Sam says."</p> + +<p>His son looked dubious. "But what you told me about Earth doesn't +sound so good. Like the way you were so cold and hungry in that shack +in Canada. And Mama walking up five flights in New York after working +all day in the garment factory. And all those wars! Why did you +people spend half your time shooting each other, Dad?"</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/image_001.jpg" width="400" height="505" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Laurent belched indignantly. "By gar, boy! We was free! We don't have +no galactic stand over us, do this, do that. We was free!"</p> + +<p>"We don't work so hard," said his son. "And look at old Jarth Rolan +and the others out there—they've given us the day off, but the +galactics are all busy in the fields. Everybody has to work, Dad."</p> + +<p>Laurent looked through a slight haze at the masters laboring in the +potato fields. Farm work and teaching and other special assignments +had created a shortage of personal slaves. Jarth Rolan gave preference +in leasing slaves to those who came and helped him at the center.</p> + +<p>Since having a personal slave was a mark of prestige among the +galactics, many of those laboring on the farm were from the highest +levels of society.</p> + +<p>"They don't know nothing about raise potatoes," Laurent grumbled. "We +put in complaint, by damn. We want each one have his own land. I work +like jackass, I want to get paid for it."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="36" height="40" /></div> +<p>he highest group council was in session. One member was explaining: +"It's the custom of tipping slaves. At first, those who could get a +slave were so happy that they often gave him a few coins. Now the +custom is firmly established—anybody who doesn't tip a slave is +considered cheap. I do it and so do you."</p> + +<p>"Of course. What's wrong with giving them a few <i>polins</i> now and then? +Or a <i>dopolin</i> or two when they have a baby or a wedding?"</p> + +<p>"Nothing wrong with it, in itself. But they don't spend anything. We +supply their food and clothing; nothing else we have seems to appeal +to them. The money goes out of circulation. It's estimated that half +the money in the Galaxy is being hoarded by slaves."</p> + +<p>"What? That's impossible. Just from those small tips?"</p> + +<p>"Small tips, but day after day; year after year. Add up some time what +you've given and multiply by the number who've been doing it."</p> + +<p>"Then that's behind our economic troubles. A currency shortage. Can we +take it away from them?"</p> + +<p>"Of course not. Besides being unethical, it would turn them against +us. They wouldn't understand."</p> + +<p>"Then we'll abolish tipping."</p> + +<p>"Too late. What we need is an ethical way of getting back that +currency."</p> + +<p>A new member spoke: "I understand that on Earth these slaves were +often addicted to alcohol, gambling and various alkaloids. Perhaps we +could introduce these items, under government control, of course—"</p> + +<p>He stopped. Eight pair of eyes were blazing at him.</p> + +<p>"You're new here," the chairman said. "If you ever make another +suggestion like that—"</p> + +<p>They pondered. The chairman fingered some papers.</p> + +<p>"Here's a suggestion. The slaves have been petitioning for the right +to own land. It seems to be the only thing they'll spend their money +for."</p> + +<p>"Impossible!"</p> + +<p>"But maybe—"</p> + +<p>"We could limit the holdings."</p> + +<p>"And have the land subject to condemnation by the government at a fair +price."</p> + +<p>The chairman called for order. "Let's argue this out. Remember the +slaves will need time to work their land. Since their work day is down +to nine hours, we'll have to arrange something."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_j.jpg" alt="J" width="22" height="40" /></div> +<p>ean had been complaining about the lumps in the mattress. When +Laurent took them out, there was enough in galactic currency to buy a +piece of land in his name and hers, plus a plot for each of the +children, and a new mattress as well. Sam was suspicious.</p> + +<p>"They're out to get what little we've been able to save, Laurent. They +can take the land anytime—for what they call a fair price. Fair! Fine +chance they'll be fair about it."</p> + +<p>But Laurent kept the land and was even able to buy a piece for each +grandchild, although they arrived faster and faster as his own large +family grew up and married. One day Jean called him to a new house at +the edge of the widely expanded center to see the latest arrival.</p> + +<p>Laurent poked a finger at the squalling creature. "So I'm another +grandpa. Which one this?"</p> + +<p>"This time you're a great-grandpa, Frenchy. This is Laurent 4th."</p> + +<p>"You mean we gettin' that old? By damn! Well, I'm buy him a piece of +land, too. So much new building, this land be worth plenty when he +grows up."</p> + +<p>The 512th amendment permitted slaves to retire at 65. Laurent was a +leading real estate dealer by that time. He had twenty-three children +and more grandchildren than he could count. The center was grown to a +city, its main street running through what had been his first farm. +Sometimes Laurent relaxed in his rocking chair and needled Sam.</p> + +<p>"By gar, Sam, if you not the oldest-looking man of fifty-five I ever +see. I think you a hundred years old when you retire. When you havin' +that revolution?"</p> + +<p>"The day will come if we keep after the young ones. But damn it, +Laurent, it's hard to talk any sense into them. Some of them can't +even understand me."</p> + +<p>"Well, they all talk galactic, Sam. My grandson, he call himself Loran +Kotay. But these young people, they have to live their own lives. Hey, +look at old Jarth Rolan up there, washing his windows. Old guy should +retire, Sam. I'm goin' see a couple of my boys give him a hand."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_b.jpg" alt="B" width="35" height="40" /></div> +<p>ut Jarth Rolan died before he could afford to retire and was replaced +by his only grandson, Jarro Kogar. Laurent and Jean passed on shortly +after, leaving nearly four hundred descendants.</p> + +<p>Jarro Kogar was a newly married galactic in his early thirties. He +moved into the mansion and talked things over with his wife.</p> + +<p>"Don't see how we can afford a child right now. Wouldn't be fair to +the child. Things will improve in a few years."</p> + +<p>"Of course," she said. "We're young—we'll have time to start our +family. If we wait, we'll be able to give them more."</p> + +<p>They held similar conversations later and one day realized it was too +late. Jarro Kogar died in his sixties. His widow directed the center +for several more years. The slaves liked her and took good care of +her. She left them the estate when she died.</p> + +<p>Loran Krotalu protested to the authorities that the slaves didn't want +the estate. But the group heads ruled it legal under amendment 1,486, +especially since no relatives could be located.</p> + +<p>Loran left the center and moved to another city where he found a +galactic couple who wanted a slave. He and his family served the +galactic couple for many years. This couple, like Jarro Kogar and his +wife, were childless and when they both died, Loran and his wife were +very grieved.</p> + +<p>After the funeral, Loran went into the city. He returned hours later, +tired and depressed.</p> + +<p>"It's no use," he told his wife. "There's not an unattached galactic +in the area. We might get a few hours work a week with one, but we +can't have one to ourselves."</p> + +<p>"But, Loran, <i>everybody</i> in our set works for a galactic!"</p> + +<p>"I know," he said miserably. "But it's no use. There must be fifty +slaves for every galactic. I've taken a job at the spaceship factory. +It's the best I can do."</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_m.jpg" alt="M" width="43" height="40" /></div> +<p>embership on the highest group council had become a killing job. +Chief problem was the revision of the slave code, which had 3,697 +articles. After trying for years to simplify the code, the council +members called in Loran Krovalo to fill a vacancy and take over the +job.</p> + +<p>Loran was known and liked by galactic and slave alike for his +brilliant essays on the master-slave relationship. While he was on the +council, the Cerberan affair broke out. The Cerberans, an intelligent +saurian race from a globular cluster, exploded into the Galaxy in vast +numbers. Military action became necessary.</p> + +<p>"We can handle them," Loran told the council. "Our factories are +mobilized and we have any number of spacemen. We have robot +instruments for fighting that are better than anything they have. We +can carry the war to their home planets."</p> + +<p>Some of the galactics objected.</p> + +<p>"But the use of robots is forbidden. We can't fight the Cerberans with +robot-controlled weapons."</p> + +<p>"Don't worry, sir," Loran said kindly. "We slaves will take care of +it. Our form of religion doesn't prohibit robots unless they are in +the shape of a man. We think of real robots as being human in shape."</p> + +<p>One of the galactics rose.</p> + +<p>"I know you're right, but my conscience won't let me vote for robots +in any form. Therefore I am resigning from the council."</p> + +<p>A second rose, then a third and fourth. They looked at each other, and +one spoke for the group.</p> + +<p>"We are also resigning. I suggest that four slaves be appointed in our +places for the duration of the war. Then they will have a majority and +no galactic need violate his conscience by voting for the use of +robots."</p> + +<p>The Cerberans were crushed, but the infested area was huge and the +invasion of the globular cluster took time. The war emergency lasted +fifty years. When it was over, the slaves called on the galactics to +take back control of the government.</p> + +<p>But the widespread use of robot mechanisms in the war had caused a +reaction among the galactics. Their consciences simmered and a wave of +orthodoxy swept over their race. There was difficulty in persuading +galactics to leave their home planets to sit on the council, because +faster-than-light ships used robot controls.</p> + +<p>The slaves scoured the planet that housed the council and kept two or +three seats filled with galactics for a while. But they were generally +old, and they died, and most of them were unmarried or childless.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_l.jpg" alt="L" width="33" height="40" /></div> +<p>oran Crotay, twelfth-generation slave, sat in his home chatting with +a friend from far-off Pornalu VI. Being in the space-shipping +business, he had many friends throughout the Galaxy.</p> + +<p>His wife answered the door and a pink humanoid shuffled in, mumbling +greetings, and went into the other room. He was middle-aged, studious +and bespectacled, and he wore a wig. Loran's friend watched him +curiously.</p> + +<p>"Haven't seen one of them in years, Loran. We have a reservation for +the poor devils on my planet. Don't reproduce very fast, you know, and +they may become extinct. Too bad—they're so likable. Always so +ethical and conscientious."</p> + +<p>"I know." Loran nodded. "We let poor Vendro make a few <i>dopolins</i> +tutoring our son. He's very intelligent and a good teacher. I like to +help them all I can—the only ethical thing to do. I wouldn't feel +like a slave if I didn't give poor Vendro a break."</p> + +<p>"That's true," said his friend. "A slave wouldn't feel right, being a +member of the dominant race of the Galaxy, if he didn't help the less +fortunate."</p> + +<p class="p1"><b>—JOSEPH FARRELL</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ethical Way, by Joseph Farrell + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ETHICAL WAY *** + +***** This file should be named 31962-h.htm or 31962-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/6/31962/ + +Produced by Sankar Viswanathan, Greg Weeks, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Ethical Way + +Author: Joseph Farrell + +Illustrator: Johnson + +Release Date: April 12, 2010 [EBook #31962] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ETHICAL WAY *** + + + + +Produced by Sankar Viswanathan, Greg Weeks, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + Transcriber's Note: + + This etext was produced from Galaxy Science Fiction March 1958. + Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. + copyright on this publication was renewed. + + + The Ethical Way + + + By JOSEPH FARRELL + + + _There is a way around every tabu, knock on wood--but just + watch out that the wood doesn't knock back!_ + + + Illustrated by JOHNSON + + * * * * * + + + + +"Is it time?" Jarth Rolan asked anxiously. Pilot Lan Barda pushed him +gently back into a seat. "No, but very soon. And be calm--you're +jumpier than a human." + +"But we've waited so long--yes, a long time. And I _am_ anxious to get +home." + +Lan peered calmly out of his vehicle. They were hovering in Earth's +upper atmosphere, at the permitted limit. + +"Be patient. These people have almost reached the critical point. +We'll get the signal before long." + +Jarth Rolan popped out of his chair and danced about in nervous +excitement. + +"Won't it be dangerous? For us, I mean. Going down into that +radioactive atmosphere. And how about them--will any of them live? +Suppose we wait too long?" + +Lan Barda laughed. He was a husky humanoid, pinkish of skin and +completely hairless, like all galactics. He slapped Jarth Rolan's +back. + +"We have experts watching. These humans have used four cobalt bombs, +and plenty of smaller stuff. The fallout is close to the danger point. +Our observers will know just when we can move in because--" he winked +and his voice dropped to a conspiratorial whisper--"they're using +automatically controlled instruments." + +"Oh, my!" Jarth Rolan clapped his hands to his cheeks. "But those are +robots--and the use of robots is against religion." + +"I know, Jarth. But we won't be using them much longer, will we?" He +poked a playful finger into Jarth's ribs. "We'll have slaves--and +it'll be completely ethical." + +Jarth Rolan winced. "Must you use that word 'slaves,' Lan? It sounds +so--" He waved his hands. + +Lan laughed again. "Be honest with yourself, Jarth. You're out to make +a few _dopolins_ for yourself as a slave raider." + +"An entrepreneur," said Jarth. "In personal services." + +Lan Barda became serious. "There's the signal--it's time to go down. +Let's go, Jarth, before somebody else gets them all." + + * * * * * + +An hour later, it was Lan Barda's turn to be nervous. He watched a +needle creep into the red zone. + +"Hurry, Jarth. We've been on this planet long enough. That fifth +cobalt bomb is sending the index up fast. Can't you skip these last +few?" + +"Oh, no. Very unethical to leave these three here to die. Must take a +small chance, you know. Besides, see the sign on that taxi--just +married. A fine young couple. And a fine young taxi driver. Couldn't +sleep if I didn't help these three." + +"Couldn't sleep thinking of the profit you'd passed up. Here, let me +take that one. We have to get out of here fast." + +Jarth Rolan fluttered anxiously about the pilot until they were safely +above the poisoned atmosphere. + +"How many?" he asked. "Did we fill the ship?" + +Lan Barda checked off items on his clipboard. "A thousand and three, +with these last ones. You'll make a good profit." + +"Not so much the profit. Oh, no. More than that involved. Ethics and +religion, Lan. Yes. With all these sla--servants, our people will +never have to use robots. They'll be relieved of routine labor and can +devote their lives to art and science. And it's all ethical--oh, yes, +for these people were doomed." + +"Want to know something, Jarth?" Lan Barda bent closer and whispered +wickedly. "This ship has automatic controls. Has to. No living being +has fast enough reactions to handle an interstellar ship. All robot +driven, at least in part." + +"Robots! May we be forgiven!" Jarth stared suspiciously at Lan Barda. +"Sometimes, Lan, I think you are an agnostic." + +The pilot became more serious. "Maybe, Jarth. In our work, we must use +robots. We joke about it, but it goes against all galactic belief to +let a machine think for us. Maybe that's why we pilots are so +cynical." + +"A galactic is always ethical," said Jarth Rolan solemnly. "This +affair, for example. We let these poor creatures of Earth handle their +own affairs with no interference until they doomed themselves. It was +unethical to intervene a minute sooner. Yes--the ethical way and I +feel better for it and proud to be a galactic." + +"That's true," said Lan Barda. "A galactic wouldn't feel right, being +a member of the dominant race of the Galaxy, if he didn't help the +less fortunate." + + * * * * * + +Jarth Rolan had prepared a center on his estate for the slaves. The +demand was greater than the supply. He chatted happily with his wife. + +"An excellent investment, Shalla--yes. And the highest group council +wants us to lease them out by the day for the present instead of +selling outright." + +She nodded. "That's the fair way. Everybody can have a turn having a +slave." + +"And," said Jarth, rubbing his pink hands, "we'll collect every day +and still hold title." + +"Will they multiply fast," asked Shalla, "so there will be enough for +all?" + +"They always did on Earth. Yes. By the time we pass our estate on to +our son, this investment will have multiplied in value." + +At the center, the slaves clustered about the bulletin boards to read +the slave code. The three who had been brought aboard last stood +together. Laurent Crotier and his wife Jean were still in their +wedding clothes, and Sam the taxi driver was in uniform. They read the +seven articles of the slave code. + +"We have to work twelve hours a day," Laurent observed. "And have off +every seventh day. This could be worse." + +"We'll keep our eyes open and wait for our chance," Sam piped up. +"Some day we'll make a break out of here." + +"Yeah," said Jean. "And remember, Frenchy, no kids." + +Nine months later, Laurent, Jr., was born. Before the blessed event, +Laurent went to Jarth Rolan with a complaint. + +"She can't do it, work twelve hours a day now. You have to change the +rules. By gar, if my wife die 'count of this, I goin' kill you, Jarth +Rolan." + +Jarth Rolan waltzed about nervously, biting his fingernails. + +"No, we do not want her to have trouble. No. She will need proper +rest. There is a meeting of the highest group council right now, +concerning this. Others have the same problem. But yes, I will relieve +her of work without waiting for the council's decision. Tell your wife +to stay home, Laurent, until the baby is born." + +Laurent pushed his luck. "And after that, too. A kid got to have a +mother. I do the work for three, you let my wife take care of the +family." + +"Oh, this _is_ a problem!" Jarth Rolan rubbed his fingers unhappily +over his bald scalp. "Some of the other females are in the same +condition. But it is like planting a crop--one labors hard at the +beginning to reap a great harvest later. We will work this out." + +The next day, fifteen articles amending the code arrived and were +posted. Laurent read happily. + +"Now," he said to Jean, "it is the law. You will stay home and have +the baby." + +"'And for such further period'," she read, "'as is considered +necessary.' You sure told him off, Frenchy." + +She squeezed his arm affectionately and his chest went out a little. + +"And remember," she said, "this is the last one." + +"Look at this rule," said Sam. "All kids must be educated. I'm only--" +he winked at them--"thirteen. It's off the job and back to school for +me." + +Laurent blinked. "By gar, Sam, I think you been shaving pretty near as +long as I am. But if Jarth Rolan ask me, I say I know Sam is +thirteen." + +Jarth Rolan came along to explain the amendments. + +"We don't want the slaves to be ignorant. Oh, no. It will be worth +extra effort and expense to reap the harvest. The slaves will work at +many specialized tasks. Even personal servants will read and write +letters and help at business and keep accounts--yes, indeed. We must +assign some slaves to teaching." + + * * * * * + +About the time Laurent, Jr., started school, Laurent led a delegation +to Jarth Rolan. + +"We got some complaint to make. These food servings pretty small +lately. We work hard, we have to eat more." + +Jarth Rolan's facial skin had developed wrinkles, though the +galactics' life span was comparable to a human's and he was only about +forty. He fidgeted. + +"I am sorry--oh, yes. Sorry. There have been delays in food +shipments--the same trouble all over. Too many excused from the work +force, you know. Most of the women are pregnant or have children, and +teachers and special assignments--but things will improve, believe me. +Yes. You will soon find an improvement. Yes--very soon." + +The delegation talked it over outside Jarth Rolan's house. + +"He's been letting himself go," said a woman. "Did you notice how thin +he's become? And the same with his family." + +Laurent reflected. "To raise a lot of kids is hard. My father, he work +like hell all the time. Raise his own food, don't depend on nobody. I +think that land back of the center, we should plough it up and put in +some potatoes." + +"On our own time?" Sam exclaimed. + +Laurent chuckled. "Well, Sam, you got no kids--you just a young boy +eighteen years old. By gar, I think you have gray hair when you +twenty-one." + +The others joined the laughter. Sam's lie about his age had +boomeranged--he had been kept in school and denied permission to marry +until he was officially eighteen, a few months ago. + +Laurent fingered his chin thoughtfully. "I think we look over that +land. Maybe we get some time out from our regular work, we do some +farming." + +Before the blowup on Earth, the galactics had made occasional landings +to gather animals and seeds of food plants. Certain centers were put +under government control to grow food for the slaves. The people at +Jarth Rolan's center saw that this arrangement was breaking down +because of the increasing slave population and the diversion of labor +to child raising. They looked over the piece of land and Laurent +okayed it. They went back to Jarth Rolan. He approved at once. + +"Oh, indeed. I can obtain all the equipment you'll need. Get started +right away. We can grow a good part of our own food. Yes. I am sure it +will work out." + +"We goin' need some time for work the farm," Laurent pointed out. + +"Oh? I thought maybe in your spare time--" + +"You want to kill us?" Sam demanded. "Put us on an extra job after +working us hard twelve hours a day?" + +"But--there's so little coming in. Still, maybe you're right. Worth +the extra trouble and expense now. Building for the future--that's the +idea." + + * * * * * + +Jarth Rolan notified his group leader of the arrangement and it +percolated swiftly up through the hierarchy to the council of the +highest group heads, who directed policy for the entire Galaxy. There +were nine of them and they talked over this development. + +"I approve. We should have done it this way from the beginning." + +"Of course. But certain advocates of government control insisted on +public ownership of the food farms--" + +"What do you mean, certain advocates? If you mean me, be galactic +enough to say so." + +"I intend no personal offense to anybody. But there is bound to be +inefficiency in any government project--" + +The chairman pounded the table. "Stay with the subject. It has been +suggested that each center grow part of its food. I am in favor." + +"But it cuts down the available labor force. We're having complaints +now about the shortage of slaves--" + +"Think of the future. I admit the present situation is difficult. It's +like raising a herd of prize cattle--all expense and no profit at +first. Then the herd is built up and suddenly you're rich." + +"But we're putting so much into it--" + +"The more we put in, the more we take out. And they're multiplying +rapidly. Remember our new goal of two slaves for each galactic--one +for the day shift and one for the night. It's the only way our people +can live a decent life, freed from routine labor, devoting themselves +to art and science." + +"That's right. We work so our children can lead the better life. It's +worth some sacrifice." + +The chairman stood up. "Most of us seem willing to endure a little +hardship now for the benefit of our children. I suggest we endorse +this new procedure." + + * * * * * + +Laurent, Jr., married the girl next door. Laurent celebrated the +wedding with a barrel of beer he had brewed on the farm. Sam became +glassy-eyed and lectured the young couple. + +"Just wait for the right time. Rise up and capture their spaceships. +That's what we'll do. We'll go back to Earth and then let them try to +get us off it again." + +"But Earth is dead," Laurent, Jr., objected. "We can't live there. +Poisonous radiation." + +"By gar!" Laurent drained another brew. "You believe everything they +tell you, hah? We goin' show them sometime. Like Sam says, not now, +but sometime. Maybe me and Sam don't do it, but don't you kids +forget--you not goin' be slaves always. You watch for the right time, +like Sam says." + +His son looked dubious. "But what you told me about Earth doesn't +sound so good. Like the way you were so cold and hungry in that shack +in Canada. And Mama walking up five flights in New York after working +all day in the garment factory. And all those wars! Why did you +people spend half your time shooting each other, Dad?" + +[Illustration] + +Laurent belched indignantly. "By gar, boy! We was free! We don't have +no galactic stand over us, do this, do that. We was free!" + +"We don't work so hard," said his son. "And look at old Jarth Rolan +and the others out there--they've given us the day off, but the +galactics are all busy in the fields. Everybody has to work, Dad." + +Laurent looked through a slight haze at the masters laboring in the +potato fields. Farm work and teaching and other special assignments +had created a shortage of personal slaves. Jarth Rolan gave preference +in leasing slaves to those who came and helped him at the center. + +Since having a personal slave was a mark of prestige among the +galactics, many of those laboring on the farm were from the highest +levels of society. + +"They don't know nothing about raise potatoes," Laurent grumbled. "We +put in complaint, by damn. We want each one have his own land. I work +like jackass, I want to get paid for it." + + * * * * * + +The highest group council was in session. One member was explaining: +"It's the custom of tipping slaves. At first, those who could get a +slave were so happy that they often gave him a few coins. Now the +custom is firmly established--anybody who doesn't tip a slave is +considered cheap. I do it and so do you." + +"Of course. What's wrong with giving them a few _polins_ now and then? +Or a _dopolin_ or two when they have a baby or a wedding?" + +"Nothing wrong with it, in itself. But they don't spend anything. We +supply their food and clothing; nothing else we have seems to appeal +to them. The money goes out of circulation. It's estimated that half +the money in the Galaxy is being hoarded by slaves." + +"What? That's impossible. Just from those small tips?" + +"Small tips, but day after day; year after year. Add up some time what +you've given and multiply by the number who've been doing it." + +"Then that's behind our economic troubles. A currency shortage. Can we +take it away from them?" + +"Of course not. Besides being unethical, it would turn them against +us. They wouldn't understand." + +"Then we'll abolish tipping." + +"Too late. What we need is an ethical way of getting back that +currency." + +A new member spoke: "I understand that on Earth these slaves were +often addicted to alcohol, gambling and various alkaloids. Perhaps we +could introduce these items, under government control, of course--" + +He stopped. Eight pair of eyes were blazing at him. + +"You're new here," the chairman said. "If you ever make another +suggestion like that--" + +They pondered. The chairman fingered some papers. + +"Here's a suggestion. The slaves have been petitioning for the right +to own land. It seems to be the only thing they'll spend their money +for." + +"Impossible!" + +"But maybe--" + +"We could limit the holdings." + +"And have the land subject to condemnation by the government at a fair +price." + +The chairman called for order. "Let's argue this out. Remember the +slaves will need time to work their land. Since their work day is down +to nine hours, we'll have to arrange something." + + * * * * * + +Jean had been complaining about the lumps in the mattress. When +Laurent took them out, there was enough in galactic currency to buy a +piece of land in his name and hers, plus a plot for each of the +children, and a new mattress as well. Sam was suspicious. + +"They're out to get what little we've been able to save, Laurent. They +can take the land anytime--for what they call a fair price. Fair! Fine +chance they'll be fair about it." + +But Laurent kept the land and was even able to buy a piece for each +grandchild, although they arrived faster and faster as his own large +family grew up and married. One day Jean called him to a new house at +the edge of the widely expanded center to see the latest arrival. + +Laurent poked a finger at the squalling creature. "So I'm another +grandpa. Which one this?" + +"This time you're a great-grandpa, Frenchy. This is Laurent 4th." + +"You mean we gettin' that old? By damn! Well, I'm buy him a piece of +land, too. So much new building, this land be worth plenty when he +grows up." + +The 512th amendment permitted slaves to retire at 65. Laurent was a +leading real estate dealer by that time. He had twenty-three children +and more grandchildren than he could count. The center was grown to a +city, its main street running through what had been his first farm. +Sometimes Laurent relaxed in his rocking chair and needled Sam. + +"By gar, Sam, if you not the oldest-looking man of fifty-five I ever +see. I think you a hundred years old when you retire. When you havin' +that revolution?" + +"The day will come if we keep after the young ones. But damn it, +Laurent, it's hard to talk any sense into them. Some of them can't +even understand me." + +"Well, they all talk galactic, Sam. My grandson, he call himself Loran +Kotay. But these young people, they have to live their own lives. Hey, +look at old Jarth Rolan up there, washing his windows. Old guy should +retire, Sam. I'm goin' see a couple of my boys give him a hand." + + * * * * * + +But Jarth Rolan died before he could afford to retire and was replaced +by his only grandson, Jarro Kogar. Laurent and Jean passed on shortly +after, leaving nearly four hundred descendants. + +Jarro Kogar was a newly married galactic in his early thirties. He +moved into the mansion and talked things over with his wife. + +"Don't see how we can afford a child right now. Wouldn't be fair to +the child. Things will improve in a few years." + +"Of course," she said. "We're young--we'll have time to start our +family. If we wait, we'll be able to give them more." + +They held similar conversations later and one day realized it was too +late. Jarro Kogar died in his sixties. His widow directed the center +for several more years. The slaves liked her and took good care of +her. She left them the estate when she died. + +Loran Krotalu protested to the authorities that the slaves didn't want +the estate. But the group heads ruled it legal under amendment 1,486, +especially since no relatives could be located. + +Loran left the center and moved to another city where he found a +galactic couple who wanted a slave. He and his family served the +galactic couple for many years. This couple, like Jarro Kogar and his +wife, were childless and when they both died, Loran and his wife were +very grieved. + +After the funeral, Loran went into the city. He returned hours later, +tired and depressed. + +"It's no use," he told his wife. "There's not an unattached galactic +in the area. We might get a few hours work a week with one, but we +can't have one to ourselves." + +"But, Loran, _everybody_ in our set works for a galactic!" + +"I know," he said miserably. "But it's no use. There must be fifty +slaves for every galactic. I've taken a job at the spaceship factory. +It's the best I can do." + + * * * * * + +Membership on the highest group council had become a killing job. +Chief problem was the revision of the slave code, which had 3,697 +articles. After trying for years to simplify the code, the council +members called in Loran Krovalo to fill a vacancy and take over the +job. + +Loran was known and liked by galactic and slave alike for his +brilliant essays on the master-slave relationship. While he was on the +council, the Cerberan affair broke out. The Cerberans, an intelligent +saurian race from a globular cluster, exploded into the Galaxy in vast +numbers. Military action became necessary. + +"We can handle them," Loran told the council. "Our factories are +mobilized and we have any number of spacemen. We have robot +instruments for fighting that are better than anything they have. We +can carry the war to their home planets." + +Some of the galactics objected. + +"But the use of robots is forbidden. We can't fight the Cerberans with +robot-controlled weapons." + +"Don't worry, sir," Loran said kindly. "We slaves will take care of +it. Our form of religion doesn't prohibit robots unless they are in +the shape of a man. We think of real robots as being human in shape." + +One of the galactics rose. + +"I know you're right, but my conscience won't let me vote for robots +in any form. Therefore I am resigning from the council." + +A second rose, then a third and fourth. They looked at each other, and +one spoke for the group. + +"We are also resigning. I suggest that four slaves be appointed in our +places for the duration of the war. Then they will have a majority and +no galactic need violate his conscience by voting for the use of +robots." + +The Cerberans were crushed, but the infested area was huge and the +invasion of the globular cluster took time. The war emergency lasted +fifty years. When it was over, the slaves called on the galactics to +take back control of the government. + +But the widespread use of robot mechanisms in the war had caused a +reaction among the galactics. Their consciences simmered and a wave of +orthodoxy swept over their race. There was difficulty in persuading +galactics to leave their home planets to sit on the council, because +faster-than-light ships used robot controls. + +The slaves scoured the planet that housed the council and kept two or +three seats filled with galactics for a while. But they were generally +old, and they died, and most of them were unmarried or childless. + + * * * * * + +Loran Crotay, twelfth-generation slave, sat in his home chatting with +a friend from far-off Pornalu VI. Being in the space-shipping +business, he had many friends throughout the Galaxy. + +His wife answered the door and a pink humanoid shuffled in, mumbling +greetings, and went into the other room. He was middle-aged, studious +and bespectacled, and he wore a wig. Loran's friend watched him +curiously. + +"Haven't seen one of them in years, Loran. We have a reservation for +the poor devils on my planet. Don't reproduce very fast, you know, and +they may become extinct. Too bad--they're so likable. Always so +ethical and conscientious." + +"I know." Loran nodded. "We let poor Vendro make a few _dopolins_ +tutoring our son. He's very intelligent and a good teacher. I like to +help them all I can--the only ethical thing to do. I wouldn't feel +like a slave if I didn't give poor Vendro a break." + +"That's true," said his friend. "A slave wouldn't feel right, being a +member of the dominant race of the Galaxy, if he didn't help the less +fortunate." + + --JOSEPH FARRELL + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ethical Way, by Joseph Farrell + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ETHICAL WAY *** + +***** This file should be named 31962.txt or 31962.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/6/31962/ + +Produced by Sankar Viswanathan, Greg Weeks, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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