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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First
+Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run
+
+Author: J. Albert Monroe
+
+Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  PERSONAL NARRATIVES
+  OF THE
+  BATTLES OF THE REBELLION,
+
+  BEING
+  PAPERS READ BEFORE THE
+  RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
+  HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
+
+  No. 2.
+
+              _"Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi,
+  Et quorum pars magna fui."_
+
+
+  PROVIDENCE:
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER
+  1878.
+
+
+
+  Copyright by
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+  PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY.
+
+
+
+
+  THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY
+  AT THE
+  FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.
+
+
+  BY
+  J. ALBERT MONROE,
+  (Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.)
+
+
+  PROVIDENCE:
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+
+  Copyright by
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+
+
+THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.
+
+
+When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was
+made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the
+rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National
+Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to
+the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left
+Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war.
+
+The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain
+William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main
+Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and
+suggested the propriety of calling a meeting to organize a new company to
+take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and
+he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held
+that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting
+was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our
+most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were
+enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were
+made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining
+additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three
+hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed
+to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed.
+
+By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the
+duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was
+supposed at the time that the force already called into the field,
+consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to
+effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but there
+appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines'
+Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had
+already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve
+for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose
+private business was of such importance that absence from home that length
+of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own,
+withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery.
+From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and
+night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of
+drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings
+were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near
+by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor
+Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve
+pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then
+the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece,
+mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching.
+
+About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant
+Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and
+First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and
+William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and
+they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain,
+two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little
+knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error
+occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it
+was corrected.
+
+On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United
+States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the
+period of "three years unless sooner discharged," in a large room of a
+building on Eddy street.
+
+On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier's life began by the
+company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied
+in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when
+the guns, carriages, and the horses also, if my memory serves me, were
+embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer
+landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were
+transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o'clock in
+the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one.
+Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until
+the following morning that the train arrived in Washington.
+
+Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents
+transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was
+passed through in the evening, every man was on the _qui vive_, with
+nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might
+be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A
+corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked
+to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had
+occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was
+thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the
+flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in
+imagination, were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland.
+
+On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were
+cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he
+and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into
+camp in Gale's woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and
+adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations--the First
+Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground
+occupied by the three months men was already known as "Camp Sprague;" the
+ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named
+"Camp Clark," in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great
+interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island.
+
+Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected
+from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds,
+with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section
+and battery drills took place daily, in the morning, and the afternoons
+were generally spent at standing gun drill.
+
+On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by
+which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost
+their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured.
+From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were
+mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely
+injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the
+depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of
+respect upon their arrival and burial at home.
+
+On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one
+o'clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments,
+but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the
+vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who
+had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and
+Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company
+marched over Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington,
+where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the
+march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about
+half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company
+went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence
+of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting
+family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our
+comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance
+again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when
+camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr.
+Utteback.
+
+On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and
+commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely
+one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever
+opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon
+the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed
+purpose, and that the actual business of their vocation was to commence.
+Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United
+States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind
+them, the "rebel mob," as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned
+to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and
+disperse.
+
+General Hunter's column, to which Colonel Burnside's brigade was attached,
+was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of
+heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced.
+Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until
+Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the
+thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was
+following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as
+skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers,
+well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly
+the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears,
+sounded like the explosion of several bunches of fire crackers.
+Immediately after came the order, "FORWARD YOUR BATTERY!" Although the
+order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have
+never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by
+General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but
+without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by
+experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp
+gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance
+beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into
+position and opened fire.
+
+The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could
+easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before
+the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later
+under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but
+neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we
+reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of
+serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us
+and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and
+twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don't think that, in
+nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short
+space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had
+been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all
+did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the
+wish that I was at home out of danger's way, and immediately following
+came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that
+I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and
+each and every one worked manfully throughout the day.
+
+Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of
+lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph
+was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal
+qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every
+one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was
+no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant
+Randolph, sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command
+to look out for the interests of all.
+
+A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the
+action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the
+partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting
+behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily
+performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief
+myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the
+ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his
+head into a snowbank to escape the hunter.
+
+The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the
+great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense
+quantity of iron into the enemy's line in the shortest possible space of
+time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was
+principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near
+what is shown as the "Henry House" on the map accompanying General
+McDowell's report of the action, but was really the "Lewis House," which
+house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little
+attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable
+of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in
+which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe
+that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the
+action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the
+height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution.
+
+We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the
+name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain
+Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else
+was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the
+utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the
+ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do
+that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and,
+I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman
+Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest and the rebel artillery
+was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the
+smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and
+magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the
+glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much
+occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the "glorious scene" to
+take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me,
+more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more
+admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the
+objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no
+terrors for him, and his ęsthetic taste found beauties to admire even
+under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail
+were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a
+quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and
+circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise
+that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing
+from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I feel
+justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war,
+though his death did not take place until within the past year.
+
+About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with
+Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position
+with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I
+think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant
+John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of
+ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James
+gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the
+rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other
+piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a
+shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely
+disabled it.[1] The gun was dismounted and slung under its limber and
+immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men
+had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found
+opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was
+performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room.
+
+Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds,
+rode up to me and said, "Monroe, can't you get your guns over on the hill
+there, where those batteries are?" The batteries referred to were those of
+Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the
+"Henry" or "Lewis" House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces
+to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant
+Vaughn's forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the
+turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were
+in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at
+this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of
+muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our New
+England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks.
+Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were
+lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to
+dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with
+the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was
+completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight
+since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order
+to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to
+me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I
+supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but
+to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, "That about took
+my breath away." The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and
+was what afterwards was known in soldier's parlance, as "a close call."
+
+We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts's and
+Griffin's batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal
+mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel command to
+be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon
+us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost
+superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I
+think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we
+withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was
+broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time
+then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and
+private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went
+through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my
+horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the
+animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride
+to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage.
+
+Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain
+Reynolds near the "Doogan" House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden.
+Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the
+regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns
+off to the left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning,
+and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and
+cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged
+from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy,
+evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an
+order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could
+not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more
+shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with
+canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to
+move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty
+feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I
+think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was
+fired by Sergeant Dwight.
+
+Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the
+battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville.
+Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in
+search of the horse that I had lost, for which I had great affection. The
+scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no
+fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field.
+Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns
+and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was
+over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The
+scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any
+large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the
+expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective
+homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon
+the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents
+and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that
+the day's work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There
+were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a
+field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment--at any rate he and
+his men were uniformed in gray--using the most strenuous exertions to get
+his men together. He coaxed, threatened and applied to them every epithet
+that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men
+seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were
+going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty,
+they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give.
+
+The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search
+for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good
+order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column
+reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as
+Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several
+baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun,
+completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely
+filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery
+had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep
+hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers,
+caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a
+rebel battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of
+their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work
+taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted
+upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single
+passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still,
+notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what
+has been almost universally reported, "a perfect panic." It appeared to me
+only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking
+up of organization.
+
+I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge.
+Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed
+a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot
+from the enemy's artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us.
+Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue
+to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them
+alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, "What do you suppose they are
+trying to do?" His reply was a characteristic one: "They are trying to
+kill every mother's son of us; that is what they are trying to do," the
+truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came
+screeching after us in rapid succession.
+
+After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get
+together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching
+Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr.
+Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of
+the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I
+was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the
+action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the
+family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and
+was given a nice bed. About two o'clock in the morning, I was awakened and
+informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once.
+While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into
+the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, "I
+think you may need this before you reach Washington," and she added,
+"Don't, for Heaven's sake, tell anybody of it." The act was an extremely
+kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of
+the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had
+persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in
+the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of
+great cheer and comfort during our long night ride.
+
+Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise,
+that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in
+camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond
+for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his
+becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the
+company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece
+with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some
+infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself
+and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the
+piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every
+member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his
+instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve
+with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an
+obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained
+by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their
+near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing
+that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured
+and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the
+cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the
+rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it
+was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman
+was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men.
+Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville,
+assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the
+company.[2]
+
+We reached Fort Runyon about six o'clock in the morning, but no troops
+were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside
+about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in
+advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if
+to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could
+be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o'clock it became
+plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front
+and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside's brigade to
+cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to
+the camps that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In
+passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks
+were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments.
+
+The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a
+commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the
+General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who
+placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose
+armory it is now kept.
+
+
+THIS PAPER WAS READ BEFORE THE RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
+HISTORICAL SOCIETY, DECEMBER FIRST, 1875.
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[1] At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and
+William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their
+recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the
+extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy's shot;
+but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun
+carriage was struck by a shot.
+
+[2] This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not
+agree with the statement in Stone's "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864,
+nor with the "Adjutant General's Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865,"
+which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant
+Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen:
+
+The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from
+capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run,
+of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct.
+
+  JOHN H. HAMMOND,
+  _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A.,
+  Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V._
+
+To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is
+correct.
+
+  CHAS. D. OWEN,
+  _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A.,
+  Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A._
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+Both "day-break" and "daybreak" appear on page 12 in the original text.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the
+First Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY ***
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+    p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;}
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First
+Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run
+
+Author: J. Albert Monroe
+
+Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
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+
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+
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+<h2>PERSONAL NARRATIVES<br />OF THE<br /><span class="smcap">Battles of the Rebellion</span>,</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>BEING<br />PAPERS READ BEFORE THE<br />RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS<br />HISTORICAL SOCIETY.</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>No. 2.</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="quote">
+<tr><td><span style="margin-left: 5em;"><i>&#8220;Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi,</i></span><br /><i>Et quorum pars magna fui.&#8221;</i></td></tr></table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">PROVIDENCE:<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER<br />1878.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">Copyright by<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><small>PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY.</small></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY<br />AT THE<br /><span class="smcap">First Battle of Bull Run.</span></h1>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>BY</h4>
+<h3>J. ALBERT MONROE,</h3>
+<p class="center">(Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.)</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">PROVIDENCE:<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">Copyright by<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.</h2>
+
+<p>When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was
+made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the
+rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National
+Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to
+the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left
+Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war.</p>
+
+<p>The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain
+William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main
+Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and
+suggested the propriety of calling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> a meeting to organize a new company to
+take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and
+he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held
+that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting
+was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our
+most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were
+enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were
+made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining
+additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three
+hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed
+to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed.</p>
+
+<p>By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the
+duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was
+supposed at the time that the force already called into the field,
+consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to
+effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> there
+appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines&#8217;
+Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had
+already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve
+for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose
+private business was of such importance that absence from home that length
+of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own,
+withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery.
+From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and
+night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of
+drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings
+were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near
+by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor
+Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve
+pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then
+the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece,
+mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant
+Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and
+First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and
+William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and
+they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain,
+two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little
+knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error
+occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it
+was corrected.</p>
+
+<p>On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United
+States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the
+period of &#8220;three years unless sooner discharged,&#8221; in a large room of a
+building on Eddy street.</p>
+
+<p>On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier&#8217;s life began by the
+company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied
+in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when
+the guns, carriages, and the horses<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> also, if my memory serves me, were
+embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer
+landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were
+transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o&#8217;clock in
+the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one.
+Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until
+the following morning that the train arrived in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents
+transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was
+passed through in the evening, every man was on the <i>qui vive</i>, with
+nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might
+be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A
+corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked
+to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had
+occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was
+thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the
+flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in
+imagination,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland.</p>
+
+<p>On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were
+cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he
+and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into
+camp in Gale&#8217;s woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and
+adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations&mdash;the First
+Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground
+occupied by the three months men was already known as &#8220;Camp Sprague;&#8221; the
+ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named
+&#8220;Camp Clark,&#8221; in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great
+interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island.</p>
+
+<p>Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected
+from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds,
+with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section
+and battery drills took place daily,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> in the morning, and the afternoons
+were generally spent at standing gun drill.</p>
+
+<p>On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by
+which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost
+their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured.
+From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were
+mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely
+injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the
+depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of
+respect upon their arrival and burial at home.</p>
+
+<p>On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one
+o&#8217;clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments,
+but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the
+vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who
+had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and
+Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company
+marched over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington,
+where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the
+march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about
+half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company
+went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence
+of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting
+family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our
+comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance
+again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when
+camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr.
+Utteback.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and
+commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely
+one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever
+opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon
+the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed
+purpose, and that the actual<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> business of their vocation was to commence.
+Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United
+States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind
+them, the &#8220;rebel mob,&#8221; as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned
+to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and
+disperse.</p>
+
+<p>General Hunter&#8217;s column, to which Colonel Burnside&#8217;s brigade was attached,
+was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of
+heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced.
+Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until
+Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the
+thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was
+following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as
+skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers,
+well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly
+the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears,
+sounded like the explosion<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> of several bunches of fire crackers.
+Immediately after came the order, &#8220;<span class="smcap">Forward your Battery!</span>&#8221; Although the
+order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have
+never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by
+General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but
+without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by
+experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp
+gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance
+beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into
+position and opened fire.</p>
+
+<p>The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could
+easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before
+the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later
+under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but
+neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we
+reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of
+serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and
+twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don&#8217;t think that, in
+nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short
+space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had
+been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all
+did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the
+wish that I was at home out of danger&#8217;s way, and immediately following
+came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that
+I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and
+each and every one worked manfully throughout the day.</p>
+
+<p>Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of
+lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph
+was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal
+qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every
+one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was
+no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant
+Randolph,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command
+to look out for the interests of all.</p>
+
+<p>A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the
+action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the
+partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting
+behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily
+performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief
+myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the
+ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his
+head into a snowbank to escape the hunter.</p>
+
+<p>The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the
+great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense
+quantity of iron into the enemy&#8217;s line in the shortest possible space of
+time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was
+principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near
+what is shown as the &#8220;Henry House&#8221; on the map accompanying General
+McDowell&#8217;s report of the action, but was really the &#8220;Lewis House,&#8221;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> which
+house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little
+attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable
+of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in
+which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe
+that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the
+action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the
+height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution.</p>
+
+<p>We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the
+name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain
+Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else
+was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the
+utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the
+ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do
+that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and,
+I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman
+Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> and the rebel artillery
+was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the
+smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and
+magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the
+glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much
+occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the &#8220;glorious scene&#8221; to
+take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me,
+more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more
+admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the
+objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no
+terrors for him, and his &aelig;sthetic taste found beauties to admire even
+under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail
+were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a
+quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and
+circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise
+that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing
+from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> feel
+justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war,
+though his death did not take place until within the past year.</p>
+
+<p>About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with
+Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position
+with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I
+think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant
+John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of
+ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James
+gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the
+rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other
+piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a
+shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely
+disabled it.<small><a name="f1.1" id="f1.1" href="#f1">[1]</a></small> The gun
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>was dismounted and slung under its limber and
+immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men
+had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found
+opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was
+performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room.</p>
+
+<p>Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds,
+rode up to me and said, &#8220;Monroe, can&#8217;t you get your guns over on the hill
+there, where those batteries are?&#8221; The batteries referred to were those of
+Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the
+&#8220;Henry&#8221; or &#8220;Lewis&#8221; House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces
+to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant
+Vaughn&#8217;s forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the
+turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were
+in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at
+this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of
+muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> New
+England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks.
+Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were
+lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to
+dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with
+the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was
+completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight
+since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order
+to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to
+me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I
+supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but
+to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, &#8220;That about took
+my breath away.&#8221; The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and
+was what afterwards was known in soldier&#8217;s parlance, as &#8220;a close call.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts&#8217;s and
+Griffin&#8217;s batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal
+mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> command to
+be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon
+us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost
+superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I
+think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we
+withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was
+broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time
+then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and
+private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went
+through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my
+horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the
+animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride
+to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage.</p>
+
+<p>Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain
+Reynolds near the &#8220;Doogan&#8221; House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden.
+Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the
+regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns
+off to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning,
+and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and
+cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged
+from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy,
+evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an
+order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could
+not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more
+shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with
+canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to
+move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty
+feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I
+think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was
+fired by Sergeant Dwight.</p>
+
+<p>Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the
+battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville.
+Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in
+search of the horse that I had lost, for which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> I had great affection. The
+scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no
+fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field.
+Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns
+and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was
+over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The
+scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any
+large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the
+expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective
+homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon
+the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents
+and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that
+the day&#8217;s work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There
+were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a
+field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment&mdash;at any rate he and
+his men were uniformed in gray&mdash;using the most strenuous exertions to get
+his men together. He coaxed, threatened and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> applied to them every epithet
+that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men
+seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were
+going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty,
+they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give.</p>
+
+<p>The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search
+for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good
+order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column
+reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as
+Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several
+baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun,
+completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely
+filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery
+had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep
+hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers,
+caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a
+rebel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of
+their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work
+taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted
+upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single
+passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still,
+notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what
+has been almost universally reported, &#8220;a perfect panic.&#8221; It appeared to me
+only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking
+up of organization.</p>
+
+<p>I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge.
+Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed
+a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot
+from the enemy&#8217;s artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us.
+Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue
+to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them
+alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, &#8220;What do you suppose they are
+trying to do?&#8221; His reply was a characteristic one: &#8220;They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> are trying to
+kill every mother&#8217;s son of us; that is what they are trying to do,&#8221; the
+truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came
+screeching after us in rapid succession.</p>
+
+<p>After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get
+together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching
+Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr.
+Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of
+the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I
+was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the
+action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the
+family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and
+was given a nice bed. About two o&#8217;clock in the morning, I was awakened and
+informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once.
+While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into
+the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, &#8220;I
+think you may need this before you reach Washington,&#8221; and she added,
+&#8220;Don&#8217;t, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> Heaven&#8217;s sake, tell anybody of it.&#8221; The act was an extremely
+kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of
+the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had
+persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in
+the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of
+great cheer and comfort during our long night ride.</p>
+
+<p>Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise,
+that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in
+camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond
+for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his
+becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the
+company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece
+with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some
+infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself
+and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the
+piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his
+instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve
+with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an
+obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained
+by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their
+near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing
+that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured
+and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the
+cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the
+rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it
+was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman
+was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men.
+Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville,
+assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the
+company.<small><a name="f2.1" id="f2.1" href="#f2">[2]</a></small></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>We reached Fort Runyon about six o&#8217;clock in the morning, but no troops
+were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside
+about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in
+advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if
+to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could
+be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o&#8217;clock it became
+plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front
+and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside&#8217;s brigade to
+cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to
+the camps<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In
+passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks
+were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments.</p>
+
+<p>The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a
+commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the
+General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who
+placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose
+armory it is now kept.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">This paper was read before the Rhode Island Soldiers and Sailors Historical Society, December first, 1875.</span></p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><b>Footnotes:</b></p>
+
+<p><a name="f1" id="f1" href="#f1.1">[1]</a> At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and
+William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their
+recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the
+extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy&#8217;s shot;
+but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun
+carriage was struck by a shot.</p>
+
+<p><a name="f2" id="f2" href="#f2.1">[2]</a> This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not
+agree with the statement in Stone&#8217;s &#8220;Rhode Island in the Rebellion,&#8221; 1864,
+nor with the &#8220;Adjutant General&#8217;s Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865,&#8221;
+which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant
+Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen:</p>
+
+<p>The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from
+capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run,
+of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p class="center">JOHN H. HAMMOND,<br />
+<i>Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A.,<br />
+Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is
+correct.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p class="center">CHAS. D. OWEN,<br />
+<i>Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A.,<br />
+Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><b>Transcriber&#8217;s Note:</b></p>
+
+<p>Both &#8220;day-break&#8221; and &#8220;daybreak&#8221; appear on page 12 in the original text.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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+First Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First
+Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run
+
+Author: J. Albert Monroe
+
+Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  PERSONAL NARRATIVES
+  OF THE
+  BATTLES OF THE REBELLION,
+
+  BEING
+  PAPERS READ BEFORE THE
+  RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
+  HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
+
+  No. 2.
+
+              _"Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi,
+  Et quorum pars magna fui."_
+
+
+  PROVIDENCE:
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER
+  1878.
+
+
+
+  Copyright by
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+  PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY.
+
+
+
+
+  THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY
+  AT THE
+  FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.
+
+
+  BY
+  J. ALBERT MONROE,
+  (Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.)
+
+
+  PROVIDENCE:
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+
+  Copyright by
+  SIDNEY S. RIDER.
+  1878.
+
+
+
+
+THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.
+
+
+When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was
+made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the
+rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National
+Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to
+the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left
+Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war.
+
+The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain
+William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main
+Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and
+suggested the propriety of calling a meeting to organize a new company to
+take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and
+he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held
+that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting
+was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our
+most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were
+enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were
+made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining
+additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three
+hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed
+to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed.
+
+By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the
+duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was
+supposed at the time that the force already called into the field,
+consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to
+effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but there
+appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines'
+Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had
+already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve
+for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose
+private business was of such importance that absence from home that length
+of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own,
+withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery.
+From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and
+night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of
+drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings
+were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near
+by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor
+Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve
+pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then
+the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece,
+mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching.
+
+About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant
+Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and
+First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and
+William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and
+they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain,
+two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little
+knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error
+occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it
+was corrected.
+
+On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United
+States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the
+period of "three years unless sooner discharged," in a large room of a
+building on Eddy street.
+
+On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier's life began by the
+company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied
+in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when
+the guns, carriages, and the horses also, if my memory serves me, were
+embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer
+landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were
+transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o'clock in
+the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one.
+Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until
+the following morning that the train arrived in Washington.
+
+Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents
+transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was
+passed through in the evening, every man was on the _qui vive_, with
+nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might
+be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A
+corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked
+to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had
+occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was
+thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the
+flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in
+imagination, were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland.
+
+On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were
+cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he
+and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into
+camp in Gale's woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and
+adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations--the First
+Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground
+occupied by the three months men was already known as "Camp Sprague;" the
+ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named
+"Camp Clark," in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great
+interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island.
+
+Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected
+from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds,
+with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section
+and battery drills took place daily, in the morning, and the afternoons
+were generally spent at standing gun drill.
+
+On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by
+which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost
+their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured.
+From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were
+mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely
+injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the
+depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of
+respect upon their arrival and burial at home.
+
+On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one
+o'clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments,
+but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the
+vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who
+had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and
+Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company
+marched over Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington,
+where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the
+march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about
+half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company
+went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence
+of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting
+family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our
+comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance
+again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when
+camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr.
+Utteback.
+
+On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and
+commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely
+one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever
+opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon
+the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed
+purpose, and that the actual business of their vocation was to commence.
+Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United
+States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind
+them, the "rebel mob," as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned
+to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and
+disperse.
+
+General Hunter's column, to which Colonel Burnside's brigade was attached,
+was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of
+heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced.
+Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until
+Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the
+thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was
+following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as
+skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers,
+well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly
+the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears,
+sounded like the explosion of several bunches of fire crackers.
+Immediately after came the order, "FORWARD YOUR BATTERY!" Although the
+order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have
+never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by
+General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but
+without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by
+experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp
+gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance
+beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into
+position and opened fire.
+
+The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could
+easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before
+the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later
+under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but
+neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we
+reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of
+serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us
+and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and
+twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don't think that, in
+nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short
+space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had
+been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all
+did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the
+wish that I was at home out of danger's way, and immediately following
+came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that
+I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and
+each and every one worked manfully throughout the day.
+
+Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of
+lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph
+was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal
+qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every
+one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was
+no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant
+Randolph, sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command
+to look out for the interests of all.
+
+A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the
+action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the
+partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting
+behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily
+performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief
+myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the
+ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his
+head into a snowbank to escape the hunter.
+
+The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the
+great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense
+quantity of iron into the enemy's line in the shortest possible space of
+time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was
+principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near
+what is shown as the "Henry House" on the map accompanying General
+McDowell's report of the action, but was really the "Lewis House," which
+house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little
+attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable
+of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in
+which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe
+that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the
+action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the
+height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution.
+
+We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the
+name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain
+Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else
+was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the
+utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the
+ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do
+that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and,
+I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman
+Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest and the rebel artillery
+was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the
+smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and
+magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the
+glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much
+occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the "glorious scene" to
+take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me,
+more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more
+admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the
+objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no
+terrors for him, and his aesthetic taste found beauties to admire even
+under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail
+were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a
+quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and
+circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise
+that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing
+from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I feel
+justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war,
+though his death did not take place until within the past year.
+
+About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with
+Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position
+with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I
+think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant
+John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of
+ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James
+gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the
+rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other
+piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a
+shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely
+disabled it.[1] The gun was dismounted and slung under its limber and
+immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men
+had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found
+opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was
+performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room.
+
+Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds,
+rode up to me and said, "Monroe, can't you get your guns over on the hill
+there, where those batteries are?" The batteries referred to were those of
+Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the
+"Henry" or "Lewis" House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces
+to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant
+Vaughn's forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the
+turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were
+in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at
+this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of
+muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our New
+England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks.
+Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were
+lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to
+dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with
+the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was
+completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight
+since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order
+to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to
+me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I
+supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but
+to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, "That about took
+my breath away." The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and
+was what afterwards was known in soldier's parlance, as "a close call."
+
+We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts's and
+Griffin's batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal
+mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel command to
+be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon
+us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost
+superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I
+think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we
+withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was
+broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time
+then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and
+private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went
+through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my
+horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the
+animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride
+to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage.
+
+Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain
+Reynolds near the "Doogan" House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden.
+Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the
+regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns
+off to the left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning,
+and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and
+cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged
+from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy,
+evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an
+order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could
+not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more
+shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with
+canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to
+move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty
+feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I
+think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was
+fired by Sergeant Dwight.
+
+Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the
+battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville.
+Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in
+search of the horse that I had lost, for which I had great affection. The
+scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no
+fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field.
+Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns
+and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was
+over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The
+scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any
+large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the
+expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective
+homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon
+the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents
+and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that
+the day's work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There
+were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a
+field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment--at any rate he and
+his men were uniformed in gray--using the most strenuous exertions to get
+his men together. He coaxed, threatened and applied to them every epithet
+that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men
+seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were
+going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty,
+they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give.
+
+The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search
+for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good
+order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column
+reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as
+Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several
+baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun,
+completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely
+filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery
+had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep
+hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers,
+caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a
+rebel battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of
+their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work
+taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted
+upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single
+passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still,
+notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what
+has been almost universally reported, "a perfect panic." It appeared to me
+only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking
+up of organization.
+
+I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge.
+Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed
+a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot
+from the enemy's artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us.
+Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue
+to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them
+alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, "What do you suppose they are
+trying to do?" His reply was a characteristic one: "They are trying to
+kill every mother's son of us; that is what they are trying to do," the
+truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came
+screeching after us in rapid succession.
+
+After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get
+together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching
+Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr.
+Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of
+the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I
+was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the
+action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the
+family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and
+was given a nice bed. About two o'clock in the morning, I was awakened and
+informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once.
+While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into
+the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, "I
+think you may need this before you reach Washington," and she added,
+"Don't, for Heaven's sake, tell anybody of it." The act was an extremely
+kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of
+the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had
+persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in
+the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of
+great cheer and comfort during our long night ride.
+
+Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise,
+that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in
+camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond
+for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his
+becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the
+company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece
+with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some
+infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself
+and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the
+piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every
+member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his
+instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve
+with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an
+obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained
+by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their
+near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing
+that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured
+and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the
+cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the
+rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it
+was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman
+was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men.
+Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville,
+assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the
+company.[2]
+
+We reached Fort Runyon about six o'clock in the morning, but no troops
+were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside
+about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in
+advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if
+to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could
+be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o'clock it became
+plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front
+and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside's brigade to
+cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to
+the camps that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In
+passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks
+were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments.
+
+The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a
+commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the
+General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who
+placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose
+armory it is now kept.
+
+
+THIS PAPER WAS READ BEFORE THE RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
+HISTORICAL SOCIETY, DECEMBER FIRST, 1875.
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[1] At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and
+William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their
+recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the
+extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy's shot;
+but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun
+carriage was struck by a shot.
+
+[2] This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not
+agree with the statement in Stone's "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864,
+nor with the "Adjutant General's Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865,"
+which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant
+Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen:
+
+The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from
+capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run,
+of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct.
+
+  JOHN H. HAMMOND,
+  _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A.,
+  Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V._
+
+To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is
+correct.
+
+  CHAS. D. OWEN,
+  _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A.,
+  Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A._
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+Both "day-break" and "daybreak" appear on page 12 in the original text.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the
+First Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe
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