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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/31973-8.txt b/31973-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..638d61c --- /dev/null +++ b/31973-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,945 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First +Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run + +Author: J. Albert Monroe + +Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + PERSONAL NARRATIVES + OF THE + BATTLES OF THE REBELLION, + + BEING + PAPERS READ BEFORE THE + RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS + HISTORICAL SOCIETY. + + No. 2. + + _"Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi, + Et quorum pars magna fui."_ + + + PROVIDENCE: + SIDNEY S. RIDER + 1878. + + + + Copyright by + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY. + + + + + THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY + AT THE + FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. + + + BY + J. ALBERT MONROE, + (Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.) + + + PROVIDENCE: + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + + Copyright by + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + + +THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. + + +When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was +made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the +rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National +Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to +the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left +Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war. + +The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain +William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main +Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and +suggested the propriety of calling a meeting to organize a new company to +take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and +he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held +that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting +was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our +most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were +enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were +made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining +additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three +hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed +to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed. + +By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the +duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was +supposed at the time that the force already called into the field, +consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to +effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but there +appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines' +Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had +already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve +for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose +private business was of such importance that absence from home that length +of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own, +withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery. +From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and +night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of +drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings +were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near +by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor +Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve +pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then +the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece, +mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching. + +About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant +Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and +First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and +William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and +they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain, +two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little +knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error +occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it +was corrected. + +On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United +States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the +period of "three years unless sooner discharged," in a large room of a +building on Eddy street. + +On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier's life began by the +company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied +in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when +the guns, carriages, and the horses also, if my memory serves me, were +embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer +landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were +transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o'clock in +the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one. +Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until +the following morning that the train arrived in Washington. + +Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents +transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was +passed through in the evening, every man was on the _qui vive_, with +nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might +be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A +corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked +to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had +occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was +thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the +flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in +imagination, were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland. + +On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were +cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he +and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into +camp in Gale's woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and +adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations--the First +Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground +occupied by the three months men was already known as "Camp Sprague;" the +ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named +"Camp Clark," in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great +interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island. + +Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected +from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds, +with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section +and battery drills took place daily, in the morning, and the afternoons +were generally spent at standing gun drill. + +On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by +which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost +their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured. +From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were +mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely +injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the +depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of +respect upon their arrival and burial at home. + +On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one +o'clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments, +but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the +vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who +had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and +Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company +marched over Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington, +where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the +march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about +half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company +went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence +of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting +family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our +comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance +again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when +camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr. +Utteback. + +On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and +commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely +one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever +opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon +the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed +purpose, and that the actual business of their vocation was to commence. +Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United +States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind +them, the "rebel mob," as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned +to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and +disperse. + +General Hunter's column, to which Colonel Burnside's brigade was attached, +was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of +heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced. +Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until +Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the +thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was +following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as +skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers, +well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly +the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears, +sounded like the explosion of several bunches of fire crackers. +Immediately after came the order, "FORWARD YOUR BATTERY!" Although the +order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have +never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by +General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but +without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by +experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp +gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance +beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into +position and opened fire. + +The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could +easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before +the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later +under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but +neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we +reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of +serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us +and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and +twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don't think that, in +nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short +space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had +been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all +did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the +wish that I was at home out of danger's way, and immediately following +came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that +I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and +each and every one worked manfully throughout the day. + +Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of +lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph +was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal +qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every +one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was +no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant +Randolph, sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command +to look out for the interests of all. + +A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the +action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the +partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting +behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily +performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief +myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the +ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his +head into a snowbank to escape the hunter. + +The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the +great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense +quantity of iron into the enemy's line in the shortest possible space of +time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was +principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near +what is shown as the "Henry House" on the map accompanying General +McDowell's report of the action, but was really the "Lewis House," which +house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little +attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable +of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in +which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe +that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the +action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the +height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution. + +We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the +name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain +Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else +was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the +utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the +ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do +that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and, +I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman +Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest and the rebel artillery +was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the +smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and +magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the +glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much +occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the "glorious scene" to +take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me, +more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more +admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the +objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no +terrors for him, and his ęsthetic taste found beauties to admire even +under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail +were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a +quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and +circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise +that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing +from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I feel +justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war, +though his death did not take place until within the past year. + +About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with +Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position +with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I +think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant +John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of +ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James +gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the +rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other +piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a +shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely +disabled it.[1] The gun was dismounted and slung under its limber and +immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men +had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found +opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was +performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room. + +Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds, +rode up to me and said, "Monroe, can't you get your guns over on the hill +there, where those batteries are?" The batteries referred to were those of +Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the +"Henry" or "Lewis" House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces +to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant +Vaughn's forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the +turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were +in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at +this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of +muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our New +England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks. +Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were +lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to +dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with +the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was +completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight +since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order +to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to +me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I +supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but +to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, "That about took +my breath away." The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and +was what afterwards was known in soldier's parlance, as "a close call." + +We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts's and +Griffin's batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal +mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel command to +be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon +us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost +superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I +think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we +withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was +broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time +then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and +private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went +through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my +horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the +animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride +to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage. + +Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain +Reynolds near the "Doogan" House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden. +Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the +regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns +off to the left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning, +and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and +cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged +from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy, +evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an +order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could +not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more +shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with +canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to +move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty +feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I +think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was +fired by Sergeant Dwight. + +Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the +battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville. +Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in +search of the horse that I had lost, for which I had great affection. The +scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no +fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field. +Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns +and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was +over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The +scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any +large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the +expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective +homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon +the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents +and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that +the day's work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There +were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a +field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment--at any rate he and +his men were uniformed in gray--using the most strenuous exertions to get +his men together. He coaxed, threatened and applied to them every epithet +that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men +seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were +going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty, +they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give. + +The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search +for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good +order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column +reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as +Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several +baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun, +completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely +filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery +had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep +hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers, +caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a +rebel battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of +their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work +taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted +upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single +passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still, +notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what +has been almost universally reported, "a perfect panic." It appeared to me +only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking +up of organization. + +I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge. +Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed +a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot +from the enemy's artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us. +Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue +to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them +alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, "What do you suppose they are +trying to do?" His reply was a characteristic one: "They are trying to +kill every mother's son of us; that is what they are trying to do," the +truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came +screeching after us in rapid succession. + +After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get +together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching +Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr. +Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of +the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I +was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the +action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the +family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and +was given a nice bed. About two o'clock in the morning, I was awakened and +informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once. +While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into +the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, "I +think you may need this before you reach Washington," and she added, +"Don't, for Heaven's sake, tell anybody of it." The act was an extremely +kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of +the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had +persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in +the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of +great cheer and comfort during our long night ride. + +Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise, +that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in +camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond +for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his +becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the +company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece +with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some +infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself +and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the +piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every +member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his +instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve +with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an +obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained +by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their +near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing +that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured +and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the +cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the +rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it +was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman +was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men. +Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville, +assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the +company.[2] + +We reached Fort Runyon about six o'clock in the morning, but no troops +were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside +about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in +advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if +to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could +be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o'clock it became +plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front +and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside's brigade to +cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to +the camps that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In +passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks +were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments. + +The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a +commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the +General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who +placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose +armory it is now kept. + + +THIS PAPER WAS READ BEFORE THE RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS +HISTORICAL SOCIETY, DECEMBER FIRST, 1875. + + + + +Footnotes: + +[1] At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and +William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their +recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the +extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy's shot; +but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun +carriage was struck by a shot. + +[2] This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not +agree with the statement in Stone's "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864, +nor with the "Adjutant General's Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865," +which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant +Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen: + +The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from +capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run, +of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct. + + JOHN H. HAMMOND, + _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A., + Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V._ + +To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is +correct. + + CHAS. D. OWEN, + _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A., + Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A._ + + + + +Transcriber's Note: + +Both "day-break" and "daybreak" appear on page 12 in the original text. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the +First Battle of Bull Run, by J. 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Albert Monroe. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + + hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} + + body {margin-left: 12%; margin-right: 12%;} + + .note {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 56%;} + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right; font-style: normal;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + a:link {color:#0000ff; text-decoration:none} + a:visited {color:#6633cc; text-decoration:none} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the First +Battle of Bull Run, by J. Albert Monroe + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run + +Author: J. Albert Monroe + +Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<h2>PERSONAL NARRATIVES<br />OF THE<br /><span class="smcap">Battles of the Rebellion</span>,</h2> +<p> </p> +<h3>BEING<br />PAPERS READ BEFORE THE<br />RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS<br />HISTORICAL SOCIETY.</h3> +<p> </p> +<h3>No. 2.</h3> +<p> </p> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="quote"> +<tr><td><span style="margin-left: 5em;"><i>“Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi,</i></span><br /><i>Et quorum pars magna fui.”</i></td></tr></table> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">PROVIDENCE:<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER<br />1878.</p> +<p> </p><p> </p> +<p class="center">Copyright by<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center"><small>PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY.</small></p> + +<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> + +<h1>THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY<br />AT THE<br /><span class="smcap">First Battle of Bull Run.</span></h1> +<p> </p> +<h4>BY</h4> +<h3>J. ALBERT MONROE,</h3> +<p class="center">(Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.)</p> +<p> </p><p> </p> +<p class="center">PROVIDENCE:<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">Copyright by<br />SIDNEY S. RIDER.<br />1878.</p> + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN.</h2> + +<p>When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was +made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the +rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National +Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to +the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left +Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war.</p> + +<p>The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain +William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main +Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and +suggested the propriety of calling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> a meeting to organize a new company to +take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and +he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held +that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting +was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our +most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were +enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were +made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining +additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three +hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed +to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed.</p> + +<p>By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the +duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was +supposed at the time that the force already called into the field, +consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to +effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> there +appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines’ +Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had +already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve +for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose +private business was of such importance that absence from home that length +of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own, +withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery. +From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and +night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of +drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings +were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near +by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor +Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve +pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then +the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece, +mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant +Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and +First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and +William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and +they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain, +two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little +knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error +occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it +was corrected.</p> + +<p>On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United +States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the +period of “three years unless sooner discharged,” in a large room of a +building on Eddy street.</p> + +<p>On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier’s life began by the +company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied +in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when +the guns, carriages, and the horses<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> also, if my memory serves me, were +embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer +landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were +transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o’clock in +the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one. +Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until +the following morning that the train arrived in Washington.</p> + +<p>Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents +transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was +passed through in the evening, every man was on the <i>qui vive</i>, with +nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might +be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A +corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked +to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had +occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was +thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the +flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in +imagination,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland.</p> + +<p>On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were +cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he +and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into +camp in Gale’s woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and +adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations—the First +Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground +occupied by the three months men was already known as “Camp Sprague;” the +ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named +“Camp Clark,” in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great +interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island.</p> + +<p>Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected +from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds, +with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section +and battery drills took place daily,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> in the morning, and the afternoons +were generally spent at standing gun drill.</p> + +<p>On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by +which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost +their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured. +From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were +mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely +injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the +depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of +respect upon their arrival and burial at home.</p> + +<p>On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one +o’clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments, +but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the +vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who +had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and +Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company +marched over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington, +where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the +march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about +half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company +went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence +of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting +family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our +comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance +again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when +camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr. +Utteback.</p> + +<p>On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and +commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely +one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever +opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon +the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed +purpose, and that the actual<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> business of their vocation was to commence. +Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United +States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind +them, the “rebel mob,” as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned +to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and +disperse.</p> + +<p>General Hunter’s column, to which Colonel Burnside’s brigade was attached, +was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of +heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced. +Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until +Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the +thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was +following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as +skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers, +well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly +the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears, +sounded like the explosion<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> of several bunches of fire crackers. +Immediately after came the order, “<span class="smcap">Forward your Battery!</span>” Although the +order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have +never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by +General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but +without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by +experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp +gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance +beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into +position and opened fire.</p> + +<p>The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could +easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before +the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later +under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but +neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we +reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of +serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and +twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don’t think that, in +nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short +space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had +been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all +did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the +wish that I was at home out of danger’s way, and immediately following +came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that +I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and +each and every one worked manfully throughout the day.</p> + +<p>Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of +lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph +was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal +qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every +one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was +no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant +Randolph,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command +to look out for the interests of all.</p> + +<p>A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the +action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the +partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting +behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily +performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief +myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the +ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his +head into a snowbank to escape the hunter.</p> + +<p>The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the +great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense +quantity of iron into the enemy’s line in the shortest possible space of +time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was +principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near +what is shown as the “Henry House” on the map accompanying General +McDowell’s report of the action, but was really the “Lewis House,”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> which +house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little +attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable +of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in +which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe +that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the +action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the +height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution.</p> + +<p>We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the +name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain +Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else +was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the +utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the +ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do +that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and, +I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman +Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> and the rebel artillery +was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the +smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and +magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the +glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much +occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the “glorious scene” to +take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me, +more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more +admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the +objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no +terrors for him, and his æsthetic taste found beauties to admire even +under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail +were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a +quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and +circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise +that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing +from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> feel +justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war, +though his death did not take place until within the past year.</p> + +<p>About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with +Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position +with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I +think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant +John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of +ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James +gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the +rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other +piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a +shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely +disabled it.<small><a name="f1.1" id="f1.1" href="#f1">[1]</a></small> The gun +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>was dismounted and slung under its limber and +immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men +had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found +opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was +performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room.</p> + +<p>Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds, +rode up to me and said, “Monroe, can’t you get your guns over on the hill +there, where those batteries are?” The batteries referred to were those of +Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the +“Henry” or “Lewis” House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces +to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant +Vaughn’s forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the +turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were +in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at +this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of +muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> New +England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks. +Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were +lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to +dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with +the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was +completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight +since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order +to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to +me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I +supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but +to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, “That about took +my breath away.” The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and +was what afterwards was known in soldier’s parlance, as “a close call.”</p> + +<p>We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts’s and +Griffin’s batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal +mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> command to +be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon +us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost +superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I +think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we +withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was +broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time +then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and +private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went +through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my +horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the +animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride +to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage.</p> + +<p>Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain +Reynolds near the “Doogan” House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden. +Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the +regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns +off to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning, +and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and +cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged +from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy, +evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an +order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could +not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more +shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with +canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to +move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty +feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I +think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was +fired by Sergeant Dwight.</p> + +<p>Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the +battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville. +Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in +search of the horse that I had lost, for which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> I had great affection. The +scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no +fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field. +Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns +and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was +over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The +scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any +large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the +expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective +homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon +the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents +and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that +the day’s work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There +were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a +field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment—at any rate he and +his men were uniformed in gray—using the most strenuous exertions to get +his men together. He coaxed, threatened and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> applied to them every epithet +that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men +seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were +going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty, +they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give.</p> + +<p>The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search +for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good +order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column +reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as +Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several +baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun, +completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely +filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery +had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep +hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers, +caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a +rebel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of +their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work +taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted +upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single +passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still, +notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what +has been almost universally reported, “a perfect panic.” It appeared to me +only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking +up of organization.</p> + +<p>I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge. +Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed +a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot +from the enemy’s artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us. +Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue +to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them +alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, “What do you suppose they are +trying to do?” His reply was a characteristic one: “They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> are trying to +kill every mother’s son of us; that is what they are trying to do,” the +truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came +screeching after us in rapid succession.</p> + +<p>After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get +together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching +Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr. +Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of +the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I +was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the +action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the +family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and +was given a nice bed. About two o’clock in the morning, I was awakened and +informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once. +While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into +the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, “I +think you may need this before you reach Washington,” and she added, +“Don’t, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> Heaven’s sake, tell anybody of it.” The act was an extremely +kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of +the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had +persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in +the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of +great cheer and comfort during our long night ride.</p> + +<p>Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise, +that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in +camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond +for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his +becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the +company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece +with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some +infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself +and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the +piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his +instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve +with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an +obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained +by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their +near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing +that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured +and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the +cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the +rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it +was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman +was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men. +Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville, +assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the +company.<small><a name="f2.1" id="f2.1" href="#f2">[2]</a></small></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>We reached Fort Runyon about six o’clock in the morning, but no troops +were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside +about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in +advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if +to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could +be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o’clock it became +plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front +and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside’s brigade to +cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to +the camps<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In +passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks +were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments.</p> + +<p>The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a +commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the +General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who +placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose +armory it is now kept.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">This paper was read before the Rhode Island Soldiers and Sailors Historical Society, December first, 1875.</span></p> + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><b>Footnotes:</b></p> + +<p><a name="f1" id="f1" href="#f1.1">[1]</a> At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and +William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their +recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the +extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy’s shot; +but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun +carriage was struck by a shot.</p> + +<p><a name="f2" id="f2" href="#f2.1">[2]</a> This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not +agree with the statement in Stone’s “Rhode Island in the Rebellion,” 1864, +nor with the “Adjutant General’s Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865,” +which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant +Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen:</p> + +<p>The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from +capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run, +of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct.</p> + +<div class="note"> +<p class="center">JOHN H. HAMMOND,<br /> +<i>Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A.,<br /> +Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V.</i></p></div> + +<p>To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is +correct.</p> + +<div class="note"> +<p class="center">CHAS. D. OWEN,<br /> +<i>Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A.,<br /> +Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A.</i></p></div> + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b></p> + +<p>Both “day-break” and “daybreak” appear on page 12 in the original text.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the +First Battle of Bull Run, by J. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Rhode Island Artillery at the First Battle of Bull Run + +Author: J. Albert Monroe + +Release Date: April 13, 2010 [EBook #31973] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + PERSONAL NARRATIVES + OF THE + BATTLES OF THE REBELLION, + + BEING + PAPERS READ BEFORE THE + RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS + HISTORICAL SOCIETY. + + No. 2. + + _"Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi, + Et quorum pars magna fui."_ + + + PROVIDENCE: + SIDNEY S. RIDER + 1878. + + + + Copyright by + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + PRINTED BY PROVIDENCE PRESS COMPANY. + + + + + THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY + AT THE + FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. + + + BY + J. ALBERT MONROE, + (Late Lieutenant-Colonel First Rhode Island Light Artillery.) + + + PROVIDENCE: + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + + Copyright by + SIDNEY S. RIDER. + 1878. + + + + +THE RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY AT THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. + + +When the first call for troops, to serve for the term of three months, was +made by President Lincoln, in 1861, for the purpose of suppressing the +rebellion, which had assumed most dangerous proportions to the National +Government, the Marine Artillery, of this city, responded cheerfully to +the call, and under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins, left +Providence, April eighteenth, for the seat of war. + +The senior officer of the company, who remained at home, was Captain +William H. Parkhurst, then book-keeper at the Mechanics Bank on South Main +Street. Before the company was fairly away, I called upon him and +suggested the propriety of calling a meeting to organize a new company to +take the place of the one that had gone. The suggestion met his views, and +he at once published a notice that a meeting for the purpose would be held +that evening at the armory of the Marines, on Benefit Street. The meeting +was largely attended, and comprised among its numbers a great many of our +most intelligent and influential citizens. A large number of names were +enrolled that night as members of the new company, and arrangements were +made to have the armory open daily, for the purpose of obtaining +additional signatures to the roll of membership. In a few days some three +hundred names were obtained, and every man whose name was enrolled seemed +to take the greatest interest in having the work proceed. + +By general consent, rather than by appointment or election, I assumed the +duty of conducting the drills and of reducing matters to a system. It was +supposed at the time that the force already called into the field, +consisting of seventy-five thousand men, would be amply sufficient to +effectually quell the disturbance that had arisen at the South, but there +appeared to be in the minds of all the men who gathered at the Marines' +Armory, a quiet determination to go to the assistance of those who had +already gone, should they appear to need aid. The call for men to serve +for the period of three years put a new phase upon matters. Those whose +private business was of such importance that absence from home that length +of time would injure the interests of others as well as their own, +withdrew, leaving more than a sufficient number to man a full battery. +From that time drilling of the men proceeded uninterruptedly both day and +night. A greater number than the capacity of the armory would admit of +drilling at one time, presented themselves daily. Many of the evenings +were spent in taking the men out on the streets and to vacant lots near +by, exercising them in marching drill. Through the influence of Governor +Sprague the company was furnished with a complete battery of twelve +pounder James guns, which arrived here some time in May, I think, and then +the drills became spirited in exercise in the manual of the piece, +mechanical maneuvres, as well as in marching. + +About the first of June Lieutenant William H. Reynolds and First Sergeant +Thomas F. Vaughn of the three months battery, were appointed Captain and +First Lieutenant respectively, and J. Albert Monroe, John A. Tompkins and +William B. Weeden were appointed Second, Third and Fourth Lieutenants, and +they were so commissioned. The commissions should have been one captain, +two first lieutenants and two second lieutenants, but there was so little +knowledge of just the right way to do things at that time, that this error +occurred, and it was not until after the First Battle of Bull Run that it +was corrected. + +On the sixth of June, 1861, the company was mustered into the United +States service by Colonel S. Loomis of the United States Army, for the +period of "three years unless sooner discharged," in a large room of a +building on Eddy street. + +On the eighth of June, the regular business of soldier's life began by the +company going into camp on Dexter Training Ground. The time was occupied +in detachment and battery drills until the nineteenth of the month, when +the guns, carriages, and the horses also, if my memory serves me, were +embarked on the steamer Kill-von-Kull, at the Fox Point wharf. The steamer +landed at Elizabethport, New Jersey, where the battery and men were +transferred to cars. The train left Elizabethport about four o'clock in +the afternoon. The journey to Washington was a most tedious one. +Harrisburg was not reached until the next morning, and it was not until +the following morning that the train arrived in Washington. + +Although the journey was a long one, and tiresome, many incidents +transpired to relieve the tedium of the trip. At Baltimore, which was +passed through in the evening, every man was on the _qui vive_, with +nerves strung to the tension, so great was the fear that an attack might +be made upon us. Every one who had a revolver carried it cocked. A +corporal, who is now a commissioned officer in the regular army, remarked +to me that he never was in such danger in his life, though nothing had +occurred to awaken a sense of danger, except that a small pebble was +thrown, probably by some boys, that hit one of the gun carriages on the +flat car, upon which he and I were riding. The next day rebel flags, in +imagination, were frequently discovered while passing through Maryland. + +On our arrival at Washington, the morning of the twenty-second, we were +cordially greeted by Captain Tompkins of the three months battery, and he +and his men lent us every assistance in their power. The company went into +camp in Gale's woods, with the Second Regiment Rhode Island Infantry, and +adjoining were the camps of the three months organizations--the First +Regiment Rhode Island Detached Militia and the First Battery. The ground +occupied by the three months men was already known as "Camp Sprague;" the +ground occupied by the Second Battery and the Second Regiment was named +"Camp Clark," in honor of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, who had taken a great +interest in the raising and the organization of troops in Rhode Island. + +Affairs went along more smoothly than could reasonably have been expected +from men just taken from the pursuits of civil life. Captain Reynolds, +with rare tact, won the confidence of all his men and officers. Section +and battery drills took place daily, in the morning, and the afternoons +were generally spent at standing gun drill. + +On the ninth of July, while at section drill, a sad accident occurred, by +which Corporal Morse (Nathan T.) and private Bourne (William E.) lost +their lives, and private Freeman (Edward R.) was very seriously injured. +From some unaccountable cause the limber chest upon which they were +mounted exploded, almost instantly killing Morse and Bourne and severely +injuring Freeman. The remains of Morse and Bourne were escorted to the +depot by the company, and there was extended to them a marked tribute of +respect upon their arrival and burial at home. + +On the sixteenth of July the battery left Camp Clark at half past one +o'clock in the morning, with the First and Second Rhode Island Regiments, +but it was broad daylight before the command got fairly away from the +vicinity of the camp. Under the lead of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, who +had command of the Second New Hampshire, Seventy-first New York, First and +Second Rhode Island Regiments and the battery, as a brigade, the company +marched over Long Bridge to a point about ten miles from Washington, +where the whole brigade bivouacked for the night. The next morning the +march was resumed at day-break, and Fairfax Court House was reached about +half past one in the afternoon. The battery was parked and the company +went into camp near the Court House, on the ground and near the residence +of a Mr. Stephenson, an English gentleman with a large and interesting +family, every member of which appeared to do their utmost to promote our +comfort. Early the next morning, Thursday the eighteenth, the advance +again began and continued with numerous delays until near night-fall, when +camp was established near Centreville, on the plantation of a Mr. +Utteback. + +On the morning of Sunday the twenty-first the brigade broke camp and +commenced the march towards Manassas. The march was a tedious and lonely +one until daybreak. The morning broke as clear and lovely as any that ever +opened upon Virginia soil. In the early daylight it seemed to dawn upon +the minds of both officers and men, that they were there for a fixed +purpose, and that the actual business of their vocation was to commence. +Previously, nearly all had thought that upon the approach of the United +States troops, with their splendid equipment and the vast resources behind +them, the "rebel mob," as it was deemed, but which we afterwards learned +to respect as the rebel forces, would flee from their position and +disperse. + +General Hunter's column, to which Colonel Burnside's brigade was attached, +was the right of the advancing line, and soon after sunrise the report of +heavy guns to the left told us that the work of the day had commenced. +Steadily, however, the column pushed on, but with frequent halts, until +Sudley Church was reached, where a short stop was made in the shade of the +thick foliage of the trees in the vicinity of the church. The battery was +following the Second Rhode Island, a portion of which were deployed as +skirmishers, and contrary to the custom of throwing them, the skirmishers, +well in advance, they moved directly on the flanks of the column. Suddenly +the outposts of the enemy opened fire, which, to our inexperienced ears, +sounded like the explosion of several bunches of fire crackers. +Immediately after came the order, "FORWARD YOUR BATTERY!" Although the +order was distinctly heard by both officers and men of the battery, I have +never believed that it was definitely known whether it was given by +General McDowell or General Hunter. With most commendable promptness, but +without that caution which a battery commander learns to observe only by +experience. Captain Reynolds rushed his battery forward at once at a sharp +gallop. The road at this point was skirted by woods, but a short distance +beyond, the battery emerged upon an open field, and at once went into +position and opened fire. + +The battery was now considerably in advance of the infantry and could +easily have been captured and taken from the field by the enemy, before +the supporting infantry were formed in line of battle; and two years later +under the same circumstances, the entire battery would have been lost; but +neither side hardly understood the rudiments of the art of war. When we +reached the open field the air seemed to be filled with myriads of +serpents, such was the sound of the bullets passing through it. Above us +and around us on every side, they seemed to be hissing, writhing and +twisting. I have been under many a hot fire, but I don't think that, in +nearly four years experience, I ever heard so many bullets in such a short +space of time. Suddenly thrown into a position, the realities of which had +been only feebly imagined and underestimated, it is surprising that all +did so well. I remember the first thing that came into my mind was the +wish that I was at home out of danger's way, and immediately following +came the sense of my obligation to perform every duty of the position that +I filled. The same spirit seemed to animate every man of the battery, and +each and every one worked manfully throughout the day. + +Hardly had we arrived on the field, when with almost the rapidity of +lightning it passed from one to another that Sergeant George E. Randolph +was wounded. He was a great favorite with the entire company, his personal +qualities being such as to win the respect and love of all. Although every +one felt that a dark cloud had thrown its shadow over us, still there was +no faltering. Captain Reynolds, who had marked affection for Sergeant +Randolph, sacrificed the impulses of his nature and stuck to his command +to look out for the interests of all. + +A great many amusing incidents occurred during the first hour of the +action, that, undoubtedly, have afforded many hours of enjoyment to the +partakers. Two of the corporals seemed to find great relief in getting +behind a limber-chest with its cover opened, though they pluckily +performed their duties, and I confess that I experienced a similar relief +myself when I was obliged to go there once or twice to examine the +ammunition, though I fully realized that it was like a quail running his +head into a snowbank to escape the hunter. + +The firing was exceedingly rapid, every one appearing to feel that the +great object was to make as much noise as possible, and get an immense +quantity of iron into the enemy's line in the shortest possible space of +time, without regard to whether it hit anything or not. The firing was +principally directed towards the smoke of a rebel battery, posted near +what is shown as the "Henry House" on the map accompanying General +McDowell's report of the action, but was really the "Lewis House," which +house served as the headquarters of General Beauregard. But very little +attention was paid to the effect of the shot for some time. Considerable +of the fire was directed into a clump of woods in our immediate front, in +which was quite a force of rebel infantry, and I have reason to believe +that this fire was very effective; for, upon visiting the spot during the +action of the Second Bull Run I found the trees thickly scarred at the +height where the shot would be likely to do the most execution. + +We had with us a young man, who was hardly more than a mere boy, by the +name of Henry H. Stewart, who had been taken out from here by Captain +Reynolds to act as an orderly and guidon, who, while nearly every one else +was excited and everything was in confusion, preserved, apparently, the +utmost coolness, moving from point to point as calmly as if performing the +ordinary duties of parade, and it was not until I ordered him so to do +that he dismounted from his horse. But the coolest one of our number, and, +I believe, the coolest man on the field that day, was Sergeant G. Lyman +Dwight. When the storm of bullets was thickest and the rebel artillery +was delivering upon us its heaviest fire, Dwight would step aside from the +smoke from his gun, and seemed perfectly absorbed by the sublime and +magnificent spectacle. Once or twice he called my attention to the +glorious scene, but I was too much engaged and my mind was too much +occupied in thinking how we were to get out of the "glorious scene" to +take much pleasure in the observance of it. Dwight was associated with me, +more or less, during the whole war, and I found in his character more +admirable qualities than I ever found possessed by any other man, and the +objectionable qualities of his nature I could never discover. War had no +terrors for him, and his aesthetic taste found beauties to admire even +under the most adverse circumstances. When the leaden rain and iron hail +were thickest, I have known him to muse upon philosophy, and to repeat a +quotation from some favorite author applicable to the situation and +circumstances. He was quick and unerring, and no emergency could arise +that would deprive him of his full self-possession. This is digressing +from my subject, but my admiration for him was such, that I feel +justified in thus alluding to a life that was practically lost in the war, +though his death did not take place until within the past year. + +About one or two hours after the engagement began, Captain Reynolds, with +Lieutenants Tompkins and Weeden, went off to the right of our position +with two guns, which were placed in position near the Doogan House, I +think, where they went earnestly at work. During their absence, Sergeant +John H. Hammond, of my section, reported to me that he was entirely out of +ammunition, and as I knew that there was no reserve supply for the James +gun within available distance, I directed him to take his piece to the +rear, to some safe place and wait for orders. I remained with my other +piece and the pieces of Lieutenant Vaughn. Either before or after this, a +shot from the enemy struck the axle of one of the pieces, which entirely +disabled it.[1] The gun was dismounted and slung under its limber and +immediately taken from the field. The mechanical maneuvres that the men +had been exercised in before they left home, for the first time now found +opportunity for practical application, and the slinging of the piece was +performed as thoroughly as upon the floor of the drill-room. + +Sometime after mid-day Governor Sprague, accompanied by Captain Reynolds, +rode up to me and said, "Monroe, can't you get your guns over on the hill +there, where those batteries are?" The batteries referred to were those of +Captains Ricketts and Griffin, which were then in position near the +"Henry" or "Lewis" House. Without any thought, except to take the pieces +to that position, I ordered my remaining piece and one of Lieutenant +Vaughn's forward, and accompanied by Captain Reynolds proceeded across the +turnpike and up the road leading to the place where the two batteries were +in position. The day was a very hot one, and I remember that my thirst, at +this time, was almost unendurable. Crossing the turnpike, I saw a pool of +muddy water which appeared like the watering places beside our New +England country roads, where they are crossed by rivulets or brooks. +Although the water was muddy and the dead bodies of a man and a horse were +lying in it, so great was my thirst, I could not resist the inclination to +dismount to slake it, and did so. Quickly remounting, I went forward with +the section through what appeared to be a lane, on a side hill, which was +completely filled with infantry, who had been hotly engaged in the fight +since the opening of the battle. Just as we diverged to the right in order +to secure the ground between the two batteries, a shot came very near to +me, and turning my head, I saw Captain Reynolds go off his horse. I +supposed, of course, that he was hit, and started to his assistance, but +to my surprise he jumped up nimbly and remounted, saying, "That about took +my breath away." The shot must have passed within a few inches of him, and +was what afterwards was known in soldier's parlance, as "a close call." + +We pushed forward and got the pieces in position between Ricketts's and +Griffin's batteries, but before a single shot could be fired, the fatal +mistake of the day occurred, the mistake of supposing a rebel command to +be a portion of our own forces. Thick and fast their bullets came in upon +us, and they were fast approaching in their charge, when with almost +superhuman energy, and with a rapidity that I never saw excelled and I +think I never saw equaled, our cannoneers limbered to the rear and we +withdrew with a loss in material of only a caisson, the pole of which was +broken in the endeavor to turn on the side hill, and there was no time +then to stop for repairs. Here private Bubb (Frederick) lost his life, and +private Vose (Warren L.) was wounded and taken prisoner. A bullet went +through my cap and ploughed a little furrow in my scalp. Jumping from my +horse to assist Sergeant Wilcox (G. Holmes) in limbering his piece, the +animal dashed off frightened by the confusion, and I was obliged to ride +to the rear on the stock of the gun carriage. + +Arriving on the northerly side of the turnpike, we were joined by Captain +Reynolds near the "Doogan" House, and shortly after by Lieutenant Weeden. +Captain Reynolds said that he had just seen Arnold, (Captain of the +regular artillery) who had lost his battery. I hastened with the two guns +off to the left, to the position that we first occupied in the morning, +and, going into battery, commenced firing. The men worked steadier and +cooler than they had at any time during the day. All at once there emerged +from the timber in our front, a regiment or brigade of the enemy, +evidently preparing for a charge upon us, and simultaneously came an +order, from Captain Reynolds, I believe, to limber to the rear. I could +not resist the temptation, in spite of the order, to give them one more +shot before parting, and I directed the left piece to be loaded with +canister. As the piece was fired, the enemy, apparently, was just ready to +move forward on their charge. It appeared to me that a gap of full twenty +feet was made in their line, which completely staggered them. This, I +think, was the last shot fired on the field that day. The first one was +fired by Sergeant Dwight. + +Leaving the field on foot with this piece, I found the remainder of the +battery a short distance away on the road, moving toward Centreville. +Procuring a horse from one of the sergeants, I returned to the field in +search of the horse that I had lost, for which I had great affection. The +scene was one of indescribable confusion, although there appeared to be no +fright or terror in the minds of the men who were leaving the field. +Officers seemed to have lost all identity with their commands, subalterns +and even colonels moving along in the scattered crowd as if their work was +over and they were wearily seeking the repose of their domiciles. The +scene was such as to remind one of that which can be seen daily in any +large manufacturing town or village, when the operatives, let loose by the +expiration of their hours of labor, all set out for their respective +homes. During working hours the system for work is maintained, but upon +the ringing of the bell, all depart according to their respective bents +and wills. So upon this field, the general impression seemed to be that +the day's work was done and that the next thing in order was repose. There +were a few notable exceptions. I remember well a large and powerful man, a +field officer of what I took to be a Maine regiment--at any rate he and +his men were uniformed in gray--using the most strenuous exertions to get +his men together. He coaxed, threatened and applied to them every epithet +that he seemed capable of, but all to no purpose. The idea of the men +seemed to be that their work was over for the day, and that they were +going home to rest, not realizing apparently, that whether on or off duty, +they were subject to the orders that their officers deemed best to give. + +The bullets began to whistle uncomfortably thick, and I gave up the search +for my horse, and rejoined the battery, then moving along the road in good +order, in which condition it continued until the head of the column +reached the foot of the hill at the base of which flowed what is known as +Cub Run. Here was a bridge rendered impassable by the wrecks of several +baggage wagons. In the ford at the left was an overturned siege gun, +completely blocking up that passage, and the right ford was completely +filled with troops and wagons. Of course the leading team of the battery +had to halt, and it was impossible to stop the rear carriages on the steep +hill, so that the column became only a jumbled heap of horses, limbers, +caissons and gun carriages. To add to the confusion, just at this moment a +rebel battery in our rear opened fire, and it seemed as if every one of +their shots came down into our very midst. The men immediately set to work +taking the horses from their harnesses, after doing which they mounted +upon them in the most lively manner. Some horses carried only a single +passenger, others had on their backs doublets and some triplets. Still, +notwithstanding all this confusion, there did not seem to me to be what +has been almost universally reported, "a perfect panic." It appeared to me +only that confusion which of necessity must arise from the sudden breaking +up of organization. + +I forded the run on the right hand, or down stream side of the bridge. +Going up the hill after crossing, I overtook Captain Reynolds who crossed +a little in advance of me, and just as I rode along side of him, a shot +from the enemy's artillery struck the ground only a few feet from us. +Unsophisticated as I was, I could not understand why they should continue +to fire upon us when we were doing the best that we could to let them +alone, and I said to Captain Reynolds, "What do you suppose they are +trying to do?" His reply was a characteristic one: "They are trying to +kill every mother's son of us; that is what they are trying to do," the +truth of which was very forcibly impressed upon me as shot after shot came +screeching after us in rapid succession. + +After getting beyond range of their lire, each one exerted himself to get +together as many members of the battery as possible, and upon reaching +Centreville all who had collected together assembled at the house of Mr. +Utteback, which we had left in the morning. Captain Reynolds and most of +the others, took up their quarters on the stoop or piazza of the house. I +was suffering severely from a lame leg, which had been injured during the +action by the recoil of a piece, and having won the good graces of the +family during our stay there, I asked for more comfortable quarters, and +was given a nice bed. About two o'clock in the morning, I was awakened and +informed that orders had been received to leave for Washington at once. +While I was dressing, one of the daughters of Mr. Utteback slipped into +the room with a flask of wine which she handed to me with the remark, "I +think you may need this before you reach Washington," and she added, +"Don't, for Heaven's sake, tell anybody of it." The act was an extremely +kind one, for from the moment of our arrival on the farm, every member of +the family had been besieged for liquor of any kind, but they had +persistently refused to furnish any, declaring that they had not a drop in +the house. I concealed the flask under my vest and found its contents of +great cheer and comfort during our long night ride. + +Upon going out of the house to resume the march, I found, to my surprise, +that some time during the night, private Scott (Charles V.) had arrived in +camp with the piece that I had sent off the field under Sergeant Hammond +for want of ammunition. Upon enquiring of Scott for the particulars of his +becoming possessed of it, he informed me that he got strayed from the +company, and while picking his way through the woods, came upon the piece +with all or a portion of the horses still hitched to it. Calling upon some +infantry men near by, who were also estray, he mounted one horse himself +and directed them to mount the other horses, and together they took the +piece to Centreville. Its advent was hailed with special delight by every +member of the battery. Sergeant Hammond told me that he followed his +instructions to the letter; that after directing his cannoneers to serve +with the other pieces, he took the piece well to the rear and sought an +obscure, and, as he thought, a secure place, and with his drivers remained +by it awaiting orders. During the afternoon some cavalry appeared in their +near vicinity, and supposing them to be rebel cavalry, they fled, knowing +that if they attempted to take the piece with them, it would be captured +and they would certainly be taken with it. It is highly probable that the +cavalry they saw were a part of our own forces, but such had been the +rumors and talk of rebel cavalry, its efficiency and the terrible work it +was capable of performing, that the appearance of even a solitary horseman +was enough to strike terror to the hearts of half a dozen ordinary men. +Sergeant Hammond and his drivers rejoined the company at Centreville, +assumed command of his piece, and took it to Washington with the +company.[2] + +We reached Fort Runyon about six o'clock in the morning, but no troops +were allowed to cross Long Bridge. I remember seeing Colonel Burnside +about daylight that morning, pushing forward all alone, considerably in +advance of the main column. Occasionally he would stop and look back as if +to assure himself that all was right in that direction, as far as it could +be right; then he would again push forward. About ten o'clock it became +plain that he was looking out for the welfare of his command both in front +and rear, for an order was received to allow Colonel Burnside's brigade to +cross the bridge, the first who were allowed the privilege of returning to +the camps that they had left and which seemed to them like home. In +passing through the streets of Washington to our Camp Clark the sidewalks +were lined with people, many of whom furnished us with refreshments. + +The act of private Scott was finally rewarded by the bestowing upon him a +commission as Second Lieutenant, in 1864. The piece was presented by the +General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island to Governor Sprague, who +placed it in trust with the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, in whose +armory it is now kept. + + +THIS PAPER WAS READ BEFORE THE RHODE ISLAND SOLDIERS AND SAILORS +HISTORICAL SOCIETY, DECEMBER FIRST, 1875. + + + + +Footnotes: + +[1] At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, Governor Sprague and +William A. Sabin, formerly a member of the battery, gave it as their +recollection that the stock of the gun carriage broke on account of the +extreme elevation of the gun, and that it was not hit by the enemy's shot; +but a letter of mine, written after the battle, implies that the gun +carriage was struck by a shot. + +[2] This account of the saving of the one piece from capture, does not +agree with the statement in Stone's "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864, +nor with the "Adjutant General's Report, State of Rhode Island, 1865," +which repeats the statement of Mr. Stone. The testimony of Sergeant +Hammond is herewith subjoined, also that of Captain Charles D. Owen: + +The account given by Colonel Monroe, of the manner in which was saved from +capture one of the pieces of his section, at the first battle of Bull Run, +of which piece I was sergeant, is substantially correct. + + JOHN H. HAMMOND, + _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, First R. I. L. A., + Late Lieutenant H. G., R. I. V._ + +To the best of my recollection the account as given by Colonel Monroe is +correct. + + CHAS. D. OWEN, + _Formerly Sergeant Battery A, R. I. L. A., + Late Captain Battery G, R. I. L. A._ + + + + +Transcriber's Note: + +Both "day-break" and "daybreak" appear on page 12 in the original text. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rhode Island Artillery at the +First Battle of Bull Run, by J. 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