diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:56:49 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:56:49 -0700 |
| commit | 4f6b69e67cbb5228668d8e030f6b1729d4c6096f (patch) | |
| tree | 3782a64e838743757e8603e9a757e85f5eca42a4 | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-0.txt | 4720 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-0.zip | bin | 0 -> 84821 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-8.txt | 4719 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 84601 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 194938 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h/31992-h.htm | 6802 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 0 -> 18877 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h/images/frontispiece.jpg | bin | 0 -> 63678 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h/images/frontispiece_th.jpg | bin | 0 -> 17716 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992-h/images/titlepage.jpg | bin | 0 -> 617 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992.txt | 4719 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 31992.zip | bin | 0 -> 84551 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
15 files changed, 20976 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/31992-0.txt b/31992-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bd5ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4720 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Titanic + +Author: Filson Young + +Release Date: April 15, 2010 [EBook #31992] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +TITANIC + + +_BY FILSON YOUNG_ + + CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY + _Illustrated. Large Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MEMORY HARBOUR + ESSAYS CHIEFLY IN DESCRIPTION + _Crown 8vo. 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + VENUS AND CUPID + AN IMPRESSION IN PROSE AFTER VELASQUEZ IN COLOUR + Edition limited to 339 copies + _With Frontispiece. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE SANDS OF PLEASURE + _With Frontispiece by_ R. J. PANNETT + _Seventy-fourth Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + WHEN THE TIDE TURNS + _With Frontispiece by_ W. DACRES ADAMS + _Twenty-second Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + IRELAND AT THE CROSS ROADS + _Second Edition. Crown 8vo._ + _Cloth, 3s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MASTERSINGERS + _Fifth Edition. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + MORE MASTERSINGERS + STUDIES IN THE ART OF MUSIC + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE WAGNER STORIES + _Seventh Impression. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + OPERA STORIES + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE LOVER’S HOURS + A CYCLE OF POEMS + _Fcp. 4to. 2s. 6d. net._ + + + + +[Illustration: 41° 16′ N; 50° 14′ W.] + + + + + TITANIC + + BY + + FILSON YOUNG + + [Illustration] + + LONDON + GRANT RICHARDS LTD. + 1912 + + CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + _I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely + proportion. + His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. + One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. + They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they + cannot be sundered. + Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. + Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. + His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. + The flakes of his flesh are joined together; they are firm in + themselves; they cannot be moved. + He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the sea like a pot + of ointment. + He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be + hoary. + Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. + He beholdeth all high things; he is a king over all the children of + pride._ + + Job, xli. + + + + +I + + +If you enter Belfast Harbour early in the morning on the mail steamer +from Fleetwood you will see far ahead of you a smudge of smoke. At first +it is nothing but the apex of a great triangle formed by the heights on +one side, the green wooded shores on the other, and the horizon astern. +As you go on the triangle becomes narrower, the blue waters smoother, +and the ship glides on in a triangle of her own—a triangle of white foam +that is parallel to the green triangle of the shore. Behind you the +Copeland Lighthouse keeps guard over the sunrise and the tumbling surges +of the Channel, before you is the cloud of smoke that joins the +narrowing shores like a gray canopy; and there is no sound but the rush +of foam past the ship’s side. + +You seem to be making straight for a gray mud flat; but as you approach +you see a narrow lane of water opening in the mud and shingle. Two low +banks, like the banks of a canal, thrust out their ends into the waters +of the lough; and presently, her speed reduced to dead slow, the ship +enters between these low mud banks, which are called the Twin Islands. +So narrow is the lane that as she enters the water rises on the shingle +banks and flows in waves on either side of her like two gray horses with +white manes that canter slowly along, a solemn escort, until the channel +between the islands is passed. Day and night, winter and summer, these +two gray horses are always waiting; no ship ever surprises them asleep; +no ship enters but they rise up and shake their manes and accompany her +with their flowing, cantering motion along the confines of their +territory. And when you have passed the gates that they guard you are in +Belfast Harbour, in still and muddy water that smells of the land and +not of the sea; for you seem already to be far from the things of the +sea. + +As you have entered the narrow channel a new sound, also far different +from the liquid sounds of the sea, falls on your ear; at first a low +sonorous murmuring like the sound of bees in a giant hive, that rises to +a ringing continuous music—the multitudinous clamour of thousands of +blows of metal on metal. And turning to look whence the sound arises you +seem indeed to have left the last of the things of the sea behind you; +for on your left, on the flattest of the mud flats, arises a veritable +forest of iron; a leafless forest, of thousands upon thousands of bare +rusty trunks and branches that tower higher than any forest trees in our +land, and look like the ruins of some giant grove submerged by the sea +in the brown autumn of its life, stripped of its leaves and laid bare +again, the dead and rusty remnants of a forest. There is nothing with +any broad or continuous surface—only thousands and thousands of iron +branches with the gray sky and the smoke showing through them +everywhere, giant cobwebs hanging between earth and the sky, intricate, +meaningless networks of trunks and branches and sticks and twigs of +iron. + +But as you glide nearer still you see that the forest is not lifeless, +nor its branches deserted. From the bottom to the topmost boughs it is +crowded with a life that at first seems like that of mites in the +interstices of some rotting fabric, and then like birds crowding the +branches of the leafless forest, and finally appears as a multitude of +pigmy men swarming and toiling amid the skeleton iron structures that +are as vast as cathedrals and seem as frail as gossamer. It is from them +that the clamour arises, the clamour that seemed so gentle and musical a +mile away, and that now, as you come closer, grows strident and +deafening. Of all the sounds produced by man’s labour in the world this +sound of a great shipbuilding yard is the most painful. Only the +harshest materials and the harshest actions are engaged in producing it: +iron struck upon iron, or steel smitten upon steel, or steel upon iron, +or iron upon steel—that and nothing else, day in, day out, year in and +year out, a million times a minute. It is an endless, continuous +birth-agony, that should herald the appearance of some giant soul. And +great indeed should be the overture to such an agony; for it is here +that of fire and steel, and the sweat and pain of millions of hours of +strong men’s labour, were born those two giant children that were +destined by man finally to conquer the sea. + +In this awful womb the _Titanic_ took shape. For months and months in +that monstrous iron enclosure there was nothing that had the faintest +likeness to a ship; only something that might have been the iron +scaffolding for the naves of half-a-dozen cathedrals laid end to end. +Far away, furnaces were smelting thousands and thousands of tons of raw +material that finally came to this place in the form of great girders +and vast lumps of metal, huge framings, hundreds of miles of stays and +rods and straps of steel, thousands of plates, not one of which twenty +men could lift unaided; millions of rivets and bolts—all the heaviest +and most sinkable things in the world. And still nothing in the shape +of a ship that could float upon the sea. The seasons followed each +other, the sun rose now behind the heights of Carrickfergus and now +behind the Copeland Islands; daily the ships came in from fighting with +the boisterous seas, and the two gray horses cantered beside them as +they slid between the islands; daily the endless uproar went on, and the +tangle of metal beneath the cathedral scaffolding grew denser. A great +road of steel, nearly a quarter of a mile long, was laid at last—a road +so heavy and so enduring that it might have been built for the triumphal +progress of some giant railway train. Men said that this roadway was the +keel of a ship; but you could not look at it and believe them. + +The scaffolding grew higher; and as it grew the iron branches multiplied +and grew with it, higher and higher towards the sky, until it seemed as +though man were rearing a temple which would express all he knew of +grandeur and sublimity, and all he knew of solidity and +permanence—something that should endure there, rooted to the soil of +Queen’s Island for ever. The uproar and the agony increased. In quiet +studios and offices clear brains were busy with drawings and +calculations and subtle elaborate mathematical processes, sifting and +applying the tabulated results of years of experience. The drawings came +in time to the place of uproar; were magnified and subdivided and taken +into grimy workshops; and steam-hammers and steam-saws smote and ripped +at the brute metal, to shape it in accordance with the shapes on the +paper. And still the ships, big and little, came nosing in from the high +seas—little dusty colliers from the Tyne, and battered schooners from +the coast, and timber ships from the Baltic, and trim mail steamers, +and giants of the ocean creeping in wounded for succour—all solemnly +received by the twin gray horses and escorted to their stations in the +harbour. But the greatest giant of all that came in, which dwarfed +everything else visible to the eye, was itself dwarfed to insignificance +by the great cathedral building on the island. + +The seasons passed; the creatures who wrought and clambered among the +iron branches, and sang their endless song of labour there, felt the +steel chill beneath the frosts of winter, and burning hot beneath the +sun’s rays in summer, until at last the skeleton within the scaffolding +began to take a shape, at the sight of which men held their breaths. It +was the shape of a ship, a ship so monstrous and unthinkable that it +towered high over the buildings and dwarfed the very mountains beside +the water. It seemed like some impious blasphemy that man should fashion +this most monstrous and ponderable of all his creations into the +likeness of a thing that could float upon the yielding waters. And still +the arms swung and the hammers rang, the thunder and din continued, and +the gray horses shook their manes and cantered along beneath the shadow, +and led the little ships in from the sea and out again as though no +miracle were about to happen. + +A little more than its own length of water lay between the iron forest +and the opposite shore, in which to loose this tremendous structure from +its foundations and slide it into the sea. The thought that it should +ever be moved from its place, except by an earthquake, was a thought +that the mind could not conceive, nor could anyone looking at it accept +the possibility that by any method this vast tonnage of metal could be +borne upon the surface of the waters. Yet, like an evil dream, as it +took the shape of a giant ship, all the properties of a ship began to +appear and increase in hideous exaggeration. A rudder as big as a giant +elm tree, bosses and bearings of propellers the size of a +windmill—everything was on a nightmare scale; and underneath the iron +foundations of the cathedral floor men were laying on concrete beds +pavements of oak and great cradles of timber and iron, and sliding ways +of pitch pine to support the bulk of the monster when she was moved, +every square inch of the pavement surface bearing a weight of more than +two tons. Twenty tons of tallow were spread upon the ways, and hydraulic +rams and triggers built and fixed against the bulk of the ship so that, +when the moment came, the waters she was to conquer should thrust her +finally from earth. + +And the time did come. The branching forest became clothed and thick +with leaves of steel. Within the scaffoldings now towered the walls of +the cathedral, and what had been a network of girders and cantilevers +and gantries and bridges became a building with floors, a ship with +decks. The skeleton ribs became covered with skins of wood, the metal +decks clothed with planks smooth as a ball-room floor. What had been a +building of iron became a town, with miles of streets and hundreds of +separate houses and buildings in it. The streets were laid out; the +houses were decorated and furnished with luxuries such as no palace ever +knew. + +And then, while men held their breath, the whole thing moved, moved +bodily, obedient to the tap of the imprisoned waters in the ram. There +was no christening ceremony such as celebrates the launching of lesser +ships. Only the waters themselves dared to give the impulse that should +set this monster afloat. The waters touched the cradle, and the cradle +moved on the ways, carrying the ship down towards the waters. And when +the cradle stopped the ship moved on; slowly at first, then with a +movement that grew quicker until it increased to the speed of a +fast-trotting horse, touching the waters, dipping into them, cleaving +them, forcing them asunder in waves and ripples that fled astonished to +the surrounding shores; finally resting and floating upon them, while +thousands of the pigmy men who had roosted in the bare iron branches, +who had raised the hideous clamour amid which the giant was born, +greeted their handiwork, dropped their tools, and raised their hoarse +voices in a cheer. + +The miracle had happened. And the day came when the two gray horses +were summoned to their greatest task; when, with necks proudly arched +and their white manes flung higher than ever, they escorted the +_Titanic_ between the islands out to sea. + + + + +II + + +At noon on Wednesday, 10th April 1912, the _Titanic_ started from +Southampton on her maiden voyage. Small enough was her experience of the +sea before that day. Many hands had handled her; many tugs had fussed +about her, pulling and pushing her this way and that as she was +manœuvred in the waters of Belfast Lough and taken out to the entrance +to smell the sea. There she had been swung and her compasses adjusted. +Three or four hours had sufficed for her trial trip, and she had first +felt her own power in the Irish Sea, when all her new machinery working +together, at first with a certain reserve and diffidence, had tested and +tried its various functions, and she had come down through St. George’s +Channel and round by the Lizard, and past the Eddystone and up the +Solent to Southampton Water, feeling a little hustled and strange, no +doubt, but finding this business of ploughing the seas surprisingly easy +after all. And now, on the day of sailing, amid the cheers of a crowd +unusually vast even for Southampton Docks, the largest ship in the world +slid away from the deep-water jetty to begin her sea life in earnest. + +In the first few minutes her giant powers made themselves felt. As she +was slowly gathering way she passed the liner _New York_, another ocean +monarch, which was lying like a rock moored by seven great hawsers of +iron and steel. As the _Titanic_ passed, some mysterious compelling +influence of the water displaced by her vast bulk drew the _New York_ +towards her; snapped one by one the great steel hawsers and pulled the +liner from the quayside as though she had been a cork. Not until she was +within fifteen feet of the _Titanic_, when a collision seemed imminent, +did the ever-present tugs lay hold of her and haul her back to +captivity. + +Even to the most experienced traveller the first few hours on a new ship +are very confusing; in the case of a ship like this, containing the +population of a village, they are bewildering. So the eight hours spent +by the _Titanic_ in crossing from Southampton to Cherbourg would be +spent by most of her passengers in taking their bearings, trying to find +their way about and looking into all the wonders of which the voyage +made them free. There were luxuries enough in the second class, and +comforts enough in the third to make the ship a wonder on that account +alone; but it was the first-class passengers, used as they were to all +the extravagant luxuries of modern civilized life, on whom the +discoveries of that first day of sun and wind in the Channel must have +come with the greatest surprise. They had heard the ship described as a +floating hotel; but as they began to explore her they must have found +that she contained resources of a perfection unattained by any hotel, +and luxuries of a kind unknown in palaces. The beauties of French +chateaux and of English country-houses of the great period had been +dexterously combined with that supreme form of comfort which the modern +English and Americans have raised to the dignity of a fine art. Such a +palace as a great artist, a great epicure, a great poet and the most +spoilt and pampered woman in the world might have conjured up from their +imagination in an idle hour was here materialized and set, not in a +fixed landscape of park and woodland, but on the dustless road of the +sea, with the sunshine of an English April pouring in on every side, and +the fresh salt airs of the Channel filling every corner with tonic +oxygen. + +Catalogues of marvels and mere descriptions of wonders are tiresome +reading, and produce little effect on the mind; yet if we are to realize +the full significance of this story of the _Titanic_, we must begin as +her passengers began, with an impression of the lavish luxury and beauty +which was the setting of life on board. And we can do no better than +follow in imagination the footsteps of one ideal voyager as he must have +discovered, piece by piece, the wonders of this floating pleasure house. + +If he was a wise traveller he would have climbed to the highest point +available as the ship passed down the Solent, and that would be the +boat-deck, which was afterwards to be the stage of so tragic a drama. +At the forward end of it was the bridge—that sacred area paved with +snow-white gratings and furnished with many brightly-polished +instruments. Here were telephones to all the vital parts of the ship, +telegraphs to the engine room and to the fo’c’stle head and +after-bridge; revolving switches for closing the water-tight doors in +case of emergency; speaking-tubes, electric switches for operating the +foghorns and sirens—all the nerves, in fact, necessary to convey +impulses from this brain of the ship to her various members. Behind the +bridge on either side were the doors leading to the officers’ quarters; +behind them again, the Marconi room—a mysterious temple full of +glittering machines of brass, vulcanite, glass, and platinum, with +straggling wires and rows of switches and fuse boxes, and a high priest, +young, clean-shaven, alert and intelligent, sitting with a telephone +cap over his head, sending out or receiving the whispers of the ether. +Behind this opened the grand staircase, an imposing sweep of decoration +in the Early English style, with plain and solid panelling relieved here +and there with lovely specimens of deep and elaborate carving in the +manner of Grinling Gibbons; the work of the two greatest wood-carvers in +England. Aft of this again the white pathway of the deck led by the +doors and windows of the gymnasium, where the athletes might keep in +fine condition; and beyond that the white roof above ended and the rest +was deck-space open to the sun and the air, and perhaps also to the +smoke and smuts of the four vast funnels that towered in buff and black +into the sky—each so vast that it would have served as a tunnel for a +railway train. + +But the ship has gathered way, and is sliding along past the Needles, +where the little white lighthouse looks so paltry beside the towering +cliff. The Channel air is keen, and the bugles are sounding for lunch; +and our traveller goes down the staircase, noticing perhaps, as he +passes, the great clock with its figures which symbolize Honour and +Glory crowning Time. Honour and Glory must have felt just a little +restive as, having crowned one o’clock, they looked down from Time upon +the throng of people descending the staircase to lunch. There were a few +there who had earned, and many who had received, the honour and glory +represented by extreme wealth; but the two figures stooping over the +clock may have felt that Success crowning Opportunity would have been a +symbol more befitting the first-class passengers of the _Titanic_. +Perhaps they looked more kindly as one white-haired old man passed +beneath—W. T. Stead, that untiring old warrior and fierce campaigner in +peaceful causes, who in fields where honour and glory were to be found +sought always for the true and not the false. There were many kinds of +men there—not every kind, for it is not every man who can pay from fifty +to eight hundred guineas for a four days’ journey; but most kinds of men +and women who can afford to do that were represented there. + +Our solitary traveller, going down the winding staircase, does not pause +on the first floor, for that leads forward to private apartments, and +aft to a writing-room and library; nor on the second or third, for the +entrance-halls there lead to state-rooms; but on the fourth floor down +he steps out into a reception room extending to the full width of the +ship and of almost as great a length. Nothing of the sea’s restrictions +or discomforts here! Before him is an Aubusson tapestry, copied from +one of the “Chasses de Guise” series of the National Garde-Meuble; and +in this wide apartment there is a sense, not of the cramping necessities +of the sea, but of all the leisured and spacious life of the land. +Through this luxurious emptiness the imposing dignities of the +dining-saloon are reached; and here indeed all the insolent splendour of +the ship is centred. It was by far the largest room that had ever +floated upon the seas, and by far the largest room that had ever moved +from one place to another. The seventeenth-century style of Hatfield and +Haddon Hall had been translated from the sombreness of oak to the +lightness of enamelled white. Artist-plasterers had moulded the lovely +Jacobean ceiling, artist-stainers had designed and made the great +painted windows through which the bright sea-sunlight was filtered; and +when the whole company of three hundred was seated at the tables it +seemed not much more than half full, since more than half as many again +could find places there without the least crowding. There, amid the +strains of gay music and the hum of conversation and the subdued clatter +of silver and china and the low throb of the engines, the gay company +takes its first meal on the _Titanic_. And as our traveller sits there +solitary, he remembers that this is not all, that in another great +saloon farther off another three hundred passengers of the second-class +are also at lunch, and that on the floor below him another seven hundred +of the third-class, and in various other places near a thousand of the +crew, are also having their meal. All a little oppressive to read about, +perhaps, but wonderful to contrive and arrange. It is what everyone is +thinking and talking about who sits at those luxurious tables, loaded +not with sea-fare, but with dainty and perishable provisions for which +half the countries of the world have been laid under tribute. + +The music flows on and the smooth service accomplishes itself; Honour +and Glory, high up under the wrought-iron dome of the staircase, are +crowning another hour of Time; and our traveller comes up into the fresh +air again in order to assure himself that he is really at sea. The +electric lift whisks him up four storeys to the deck again; there all +around him are the blue-gray waters of the Channel surging in a white +commotion past the towering sides of the ship, spurned by the tremendous +rush and momentum of these fifty thousand tons through the sea. This +time our traveller stops short of the boat-deck, and begins to explore +the far vaster B deck which, sheltered throughout its great length by +the boat-deck above, and free from all impediments, extends like a vast +white roadway on either side of the central deck. Here the busy deck +stewards are arranging chairs in the places that will be occupied by +them throughout the voyage. Here, as on the parade of a fashionable +park, people are taking their walks in the afternoon sunshine. + +From the staircase forward the deck houses are devoted to apartments +which are still by force of habit called cabins, but which have nothing +in fact to distinguish them from the most luxurious habitations ashore, +except that no dust ever enters them and that the air is always fresh +from the open spaces of the sea. They are not for the solitary +traveller; but our friend perhaps is curious and peeps in through an +uncurtained window. There is a complete habitation with bed-rooms, +sitting-room, bath-room and service-room complete. They breathe an +atmosphere of more than mechanical luxury, more than material +pleasures. Twin bedsteads, perfect examples of Empire or Louis Seize, +symbolize the romance to which the most extravagant luxury in the world +is but a minister. Instead of ports there are windows—windows that look +straight out on to the blue sea, as might the windows of a castle on a +cliff. Instead of stoves or radiators there are open grates, where fires +of sea-coal are burning brightly. Every suite is in a different style, +and each and all are designed and furnished by artists; and the love and +repose of millionaires can be celebrated in surroundings of Adam or +Hepplewhite, or Louis Quatorze or the Empire, according to their tastes. +And for the hire of each of these theatres the millionaire must pay some +two hundred guineas a day, with the privilege of being quite alone, cut +off from the common herd who are only paying perhaps five-and-twenty +pounds a day, and with the privilege, if he chooses, of seeing nothing +at all that has to do with a ship, not even the sea. + +For there is one thing that the designers of this sea-palace seem to +have forgotten and seem to be a little ashamed of—and that is the sea +itself. There it lies, an eternal prospect beyond these curtained +windows, by far the most lovely and wonderful thing visible; but it +seems to be forgotten there. True, there is a smoke-room at the after +extremity of the deck below this, whose windows look out into a great +verandah sheeted in with glass from which you cannot help looking upon +the sea. But in order to counteract as much as possible that austere and +lovely reminder of where we are, trellis-work has been raised within the +glass, and great rose-trees spread and wander all over it, reminding you +by their crimson blossoms of the earth and the land, and the scented +shelter of gardens that are far from the boisterous stress of the sea. +No spray ever drifts in at these heights, no froth or spume can ever in +the wildest storms beat upon this verandah. Here, too, as almost +everywhere else on the ship, you can, if you will, forget the sea. + + + + +III + + +The first afternoon at sea seems long: every face is strange, and it +seems as though in so vast a crowd none will ever become familiar, +although one of the miracles of sea-life is the way in which the blurred +crowd resolves itself into individual units, each of which has its +character and significance. And if we are really to know and understand +and not merely to hear with our ears the tale of what happened to the +greatest ship in the world, we must first prepare and soak our minds in +her atmosphere, and take in imagination that very voyage which began so +happily on this April day. At the end of the afternoon came the coast of +France, and Cherbourg—a sunset memory of a long breakwater, a distant +cliff crowned with a white building, a fussing of tugs and hasty +transference of passengers and mails; and finally the lighthouse showing +a golden star against the sunset, when the great ship’s head was turned +to the red west, and the muffled and murmuring song of the engines was +taken up again. Perhaps our traveller, bent upon more discoveries, dined +that night not in the saloon, but in the restaurant, and, following the +illuminated electric signs that pointed the way along the numerous +streets and roads of the ship, found his way aft to the Café-Restaurant; +where instead of stewards were French waiters and a _maître d’hotel_ +from Paris, and all the perfection of that perfect and expensive service +which condescends to give you a meal for something under a five-pound +note; where, surrounded by Louis Seize panelling of fawn-coloured +walnut, you may on this April evening eat your plovers’ eggs and +strawberries, and drink your 1900 Clicquot, and that in perfect oblivion +of the surrounding sea. Afterwards, perhaps, a stroll on the deck amid +groups of people, not swathed in pea-jackets or oilskins, but attired as +though for the opera; and all the time, in an atmosphere golden with +light, and musical with low-talking voices and the yearning strains of a +waltz, driving five-and-twenty miles an hour westward, with the black +night and the sea all about us. And then to bed, not in a bunk in a +cabin but in a bedstead in a quiet room with a telephone through which +to speak to any one of two thousand people, and a message handed in +before you go to sleep that someone wrote in New York since you rose +from the dinner-table. + +The next morning the scene at Cherbourg was repeated, with the fair +green shores of Cork Harbour instead of the cliffs of France for its +setting; and then quietly, without fuss, in the early afternoon of +Thursday, out round the green point, beyond the headland, and the great +ship has steadied on her course and on the long sea-road at last. How +worn it is! How seamed and furrowed and printed with the track-lines of +journeys innumerable; how changing, and yet how unchanged—the road that +leads to Archangel or Sicily, to Ceylon or to the frozen Pole; the old +road that leads to the ruined gateways of Phoenicia, of Venice, of Tyre; +the new road that leads to new lives and new lands; the dustless road, +the long road that all must travel who in body or in spirit would really +discover a new world. And travel on it as you may for tens of thousands +of miles, you come back to it always with the same sense of expectation, +never wholly disappointed; and always with the same certainty that you +will find at the turn or corner of the road, either some new thing or +the renewal of something old. + +There is no human experience in which the phenomena of small varieties +within one large monotony are so clearly exemplified as in a sea-voyage. +The dreary beginnings of docks, of baggage, and soiled harbour water; +the quite hopeless confusion of strange faces—faces entirely collective, +comprising a mere crowd; the busy highway of the Channel, sunlit or dim +with mist or rain, or lighted and bright at night like the main street +of a city; the last outpost, the Lizard, with its high gray cliffs, +green-roofed, with tiny homesteads perched on the ridge; or Ushant, that +tall monitory tower upstanding on the melancholy misty flats; or the +solitary Fastnet, lonely, ultimate and watching—these form the familiar +overture to the subsequent isolation and vacancy of the long road +itself. There are the same day and night of disturbance, the vacant +places at table, the prone figures, swathed and motionless in +deck-chairs, the morning of brilliant sunshine, when the light that +streams into the cabins has a vernal strangeness and wonder for +town-dimmed eyes; the gradual emergence of new faces and doubtful +staggering back of the demoralized to the blessed freshness of the upper +air; the tentative formation of groups and experimental alliances, the +rapid disintegration of these and re-formation on entirely new lines; +and then that miracle of unending interest and wonder, that the faces +that were only the blurred material of a crowd begin one by one to +emerge from the background and detach themselves from the mass, to take +on identity, individuality, character, till what was a crowd of +uninteresting, unidentified humanity becomes a collection of individual +persons with whom one’s destinies for the time are strangely and +unaccountably bound up; among whom one may have acquaintances, friends, +or perhaps enemies; who for the inside of a week are all one’s world of +men and women. + +There are few alterative agents so powerful and sure in their working as +latitude and longitude; and as we slide across new degrees, habit, +association, custom, and ideas slip one by one imperceptibly away from +us; we come really into a new world, and if we had no hearts and no +memories we should soon become different people. But the heart lives its +own life, spinning gossamer threads that float away astern across time +and space, joining us invisibly to that which made and fashioned us, and +to which we hope to return. + + + + +IV + + +Wonderful, even for experienced travellers, is that first waking to a +day on which there shall be no sight of the shore, and the first of +several days of isolation in the world of a ship. There is a quality in +the morning sunshine at sea as it streams into the ship and is reflected +in the white paint and sparkling water of the bath-rooms, and in the +breeze that blows cool and pure along the corridors, that is like +nothing else. The company on the _Titanic_ woke up on Friday morning to +begin in earnest their four days of isolated life. Our traveller, who +has found out so many things about the ship, has not found out +everything yet; and he continues his explorations, with the advantage, +perhaps, of a special permit from the Captain or Chief Engineer to +explore other quarters of the floating city besides that in which he +lives. Let us, with him, try to form some general conception of the +internal arrangements of the ship. + +The great superstructure of decks amidships which catches the eye so +prominently in a picture or photograph, was but, in reality, a small +part, although the most luxurious part, of the vessel. Speaking roughly, +one might describe it as consisting of three decks, five hundred feet +long, devoted almost exclusively to the accommodation of first-class +passengers, with the exception of the officers’ quarters (situated +immediately aft of the bridge on the top deck of all), and the +second-class smoking-room and library, at the after end of the +superstructure on the third and fourth decks. With these exceptions, in +this great four-storied building were situated all the most magnificent +and palatial accommodations of the ship. Immediately beneath it, +amidships, in the steadiest part of the vessel where any movement would +be least felt, was the first-class dining saloon, with the pantries and +kitchens immediately aft of it. Two decks below it were the third-class +dining saloons and kitchens; below them again, separated by a heavy +steel deck, were the boiler-rooms and coal bunkers, resting on the +cellular double bottom of the ship. Immediately aft of the boiler-rooms +came the two engine-rooms; the forward and larger one of the two +contained the reciprocating engines which drove the twin screws, and the +after one the turbine engine for driving the large centre propeller. + +Forward and aft of this centre part of the ship, which in reality +occupied about two-thirds of her whole length, were two smaller +sections, divided (again one speaks roughly) between second-class +accommodation, stores and cargo in the stern section, and third-class +berths, crew’s quarters and cargo in the bow section. But although the +first-class accommodation was all amidships, and the second-class all +aft, that of the third-class was scattered about in such blank spaces as +could be found for it. Thus most of the berths were forward, immediately +behind the fo’c’stle, some were right aft; the dining-room was +amidships, and the smoke-room in the extreme stern, over the rudder; and +to enjoy a smoke or game of cards a third-class passenger who was +berthed forward would have to walk the whole length of the ship and back +again, a walk not far short of half a mile. This gives one an idea of +how much more the ship resembled a town than a house. A third-class +passenger did not walk from his bedroom to his parlour; he walked from +the house where he lived in the forward part of the ship to the club a +quarter of a mile away where he was to meet his friends. + +If, thinking of the _Titanic_ storming along westward across the +Atlantic, you could imagine her to be split in half from bow to stern so +that you could look, as one looks at the section of a hive, upon all her +manifold life thus suddenly laid bare, you would find in her a microcosm +of civilized society. Up on the top are the rulers, surrounded by the +rich and the luxurious, enjoying the best of everything; a little way +below them their servants and parasites, ministering not so much to +their necessities as to their luxuries; lower down still, at the very +base and foundation of all, the fierce and terrible labour of the +stokeholds, where the black slaves are shovelling and shovelling as +though for dear life, endlessly pouring coal into furnaces that devoured +it and yet ever demanded a new supply—horrible labour, joyless life; and +yet the labour that gives life and movement to the whole ship. Up above +are all the beautiful things, the pleasant things; down below are the +terrible and necessary things. Up above are the people who rest and +enjoy; down below the people who sweat and suffer. + +Consider too the whirl of life and multitude of human employments that +you would have found had you peered into this section of the ship that +we are supposing to have been laid bare. Honour and Glory, let us say, +have just crowned ten o’clock in the morning beneath the great dome of +glass and iron that covers the central staircase. Someone has just come +down and posted a notice on the board—a piece of wireless news of +something that happened in London last night. In one of the sunny +bed-rooms (for our section lays everything bare) someone is turning over +in bed again and telling a maid to shut out the sun. Eighty feet below +her the black slaves are working in a fiery pit; ten feet below them is +the green sea. A business-like-looking group have just settled down to +bridge in the first-class smoking-room. The sea does not exist for them, +nor the ship; the roses that bloom upon the trellis-work by the verandah +interest them no more than the pageant of white clouds which they could +see if they looked out of the wide windows. Down below the chief +steward, attended by his satellites, is visiting the stores and getting +from the store-keeper the necessaries for his day’s catering. He has +plenty to draw from. In those cold chambers behind the engine-room are +gathered provisions which seem almost inexhaustible for any population; +for the imagination does not properly take in the meaning of such items +as a hundred thousand pounds of beef, thirty thousand fresh eggs, fifty +tons of potatoes, a thousand pounds of tea, twelve hundred quarts of +cream. In charge of the chief steward also, to be checked by him at the +end of each voyage, are the china and glass, the cutlery and plate of +the ship, amounting in all to some ninety thousand pieces. But there he +is, quietly at work with the store-keeper; and not far from him, in +another room or series of rooms, another official dealing with the +thousands upon thousands of pieces of linen for bed and table with which +the town is supplied. + +Everything is on a monstrous scale. The centre anchor, which it took a +team of sixteen great horses to drag on a wooden trolley, weighs over +fifteen tons; its cable will hold a dead weight of three hundred tons. +The very rudder, that mere slender and almost invisible appendage under +the counter, is eighty feet high and weighs a hundred tons. The men on +the look-out do not climb up the shrouds and ratlines in the old sea +fashion; the mast is hollow and contains a stairway; there is a door in +it from which they come out to take their place in the crow’s nest. + +Are you weary of such statistics? They were among the things on which +men thought with pride on those sunny April days in the Atlantic. Man +can seldom think of himself apart from his environment, and the house +and place in which he lives are ever a preoccupation with all men. From +the clerk in his little jerry-built villa to the king in his castle, +what the house is, what it is built of, how it is equipped and adorned, +are matters of vital interest. And if that is true of land, where all +the webs of life are connected and intercrossed, how much more must it +be true when a man sets his house afloat upon the sea; detaches it from +all other houses and from the world, and literally commits himself to +it. This was the greatest sea town that had ever been built; these were +the first inhabitants of it; theirs were the first lives that were lived +in these lovely rooms; this was one of the greatest companies that had +ever been afloat together within the walls of one ship. No wonder they +were proud; no wonder they were preoccupied with the source of their +pride. + +But things stranger still to the life of the sea are happening in some +of the hundreds of cells which our giant section-knife has laid bare. An +orchestra is practising in one of them; in another, some one is catching +live trout from a pond; Post Office sorters are busy in another with +letters for every quarter of the western world; in a garage, +mechanicians are cleaning half a dozen motor-cars; the rippling tones of +a piano sound from a drawing-room where people are quietly reading in +deep velvet armchairs surrounded by books and hothouse flowers; in +another division people are diving and swimming in a great bath in water +deep enough to drown a tall man; in another an energetic game of squash +racquets is in progress; and in great open spaces, on which it is only +surprising that turf is not laid, people by hundreds are sunning +themselves and breathing the fresh air, utterly unconscious of all these +other activities on which we have been looking. For even here, as +elsewhere, half of the world does not know and does not care how the +other half lives. + +All this magnitude had been designed and adapted for the realization of +two chief ends—comfort and stability. We have perhaps heard enough +about the arrangements for comfort; but the more vital matter had +received no less anxious attention. Practically all of the space below +the water-line was occupied by the heaviest things in the ship—the +boilers, the engines, the coal bunkers and the cargo. And the +arrangement of her bulkheads, those tough steel walls that divide a +ship’s hull into separate compartments, was such that her designers +believed that no possible accident short of an explosion in her boilers +could sink her. If she rammed any obstruction head on, her bows might +crumple up, but the steel walls stretching across her hull—and there +were fifteen of them—would prevent the damage spreading far enough aft +to sink her. If her broadside was rammed by another ship, and one or +even two of these compartments pierced, even then the rest would be +sufficient to hold her up at least for a day or two. These bulkheads +were constructed of heavy sheet steel, and extended from the very bottom +of the ship to a point well above the water-line. Necessarily there were +openings in them in order to make possible communication between the +different parts of the ship. These openings were the size of an ordinary +doorway and fitted with heavy steel doors—not hinged doors, but panels, +sliding closely in water-tight grooves on either side of the opening. +There were several ways of closing them; but once closed they offered a +resistance as solid as that of the bulkheads. + +The method of opening and closing them was one of the many marvels of +modern engineering. The heavy steel doors were held up above the +openings by a series of friction clutches. Up on the bridge were +switches connected with powerful electro-magnets at the side of the +bulkhead openings. The operation of the switches caused each magnet to +draw down a heavy weight which instantly released the friction clutches, +so that the doors would slide down in a second or two into their places, +a gong ringing at the same time to warn anyone who might be passing +through to get out of the way. The clutches could also be released by +hand. But if for any reason the electric machinery should fail, there +was a provision made for closing them automatically in case the ship +should be flooded with water. Down in the double bottom of the ship were +arranged a series of floats connected with each set of bulkhead doors. +In the event of water reaching the compartment below the doors, it would +raise the floats, which, in their turn, would release the clutches and +drop the doors. These great bulkheads were no new experiment; they had +been tried and proved. When the White Star liner _Suevic_ was wrecked a +few years ago off the Lizard, it was decided to divide the part of her +which was floating from the part which was embedded in the rocks; and +she was cut in two just forward of the main collision bulkhead, and the +larger half of her towed into port with no other protection from the sea +than this vast steel wall which, nevertheless, easily kept her afloat. +And numberless other ships have owed their lives to the resisting power +of these steel bulkheads and the quick operation of the sliding doors. + +As for the enormous weight that made for the _Titanic’s_ stability, it +was, as I have said, contained chiefly in the boilers, machinery and +coal. The coal bunkers were like a lining running round the boilers, not +only at the sides of the ship, but also across her whole breadth, thus +increasing the solidity of the steel bulkheads; and when it is +remembered that her steam was supplied by twenty-nine boilers, each of +them the size of a large room, and fired by a hundred and fifty-nine +furnaces, the enormous weight of this part of the ship may be dimly +realized. + +There are two lives lived side by side on such a voyage, the life of the +passengers and the life of the ship. From a place high up on the +boat-deck our traveller can watch the progress of these two lives. The +passengers play games or walk about, or sit idling drowsily in deck +chairs, with their eyes straying constantly from the unheeded book to +the long horizon, or noting the trivial doings of other idlers. The +chatter of their voices, the sound of their games, the faint tinkle of +music floating up from the music-room are eloquent of one of these +double lives; there on the bridge is an expression of the other—the +bridge in all its spick-and-span sanctities, with the officers of the +watch in their trim uniform, the stolid quartermaster at the wheel, and +his equally stolid companion of the watch who dreams his four hours away +on the starboard side of the bridge almost as motionless as the bright +brass binnacles and standards, and the telegraphs that point +unchangeably down to Full Ahead.... + +The Officer of the watch has a sextant at his eye. One by one the +Captain, the Chief, the Second and the Fourth, all come silently up and +direct their sextants to the horizon. The quartermaster comes and +touches his cap: “Twelve o’clock, Sir.” There is silence—a deep sunny +silence, broken only by the low tones of the Captain to the Chief: “What +have you got?” says the Captain. “Thirty,” says the Chief, +“Twenty-nine,” says the Third. There is another space of sunny silent +seconds; the Captain takes down his sextant. “Make it eight bells,” he +says. Four double strokes resound from the bridge and are echoed from +the fo’c’stle head; and the great moment of the day, the moment that +means so much, is over. The officers retire with pencils and papers and +tables of logarithms; the clock on the staircase is put back, and the +day’s run posted; from the deck float up the sounds of a waltz and +laughing voices; Time and the world flow on with us again. + + + + +V + + +For anything that the eye could see the _Titanic_, in all her strength +and splendour, was solitary on the ocean. From the highest of her decks +nothing could be seen but sea and sky, a vast circle of floor and dome +of which, for all her speed of five-and-twenty miles an hour, she +remained always the centre. But it was only to the sense of sight that +she seemed thus solitary. The North Atlantic, waste of waters though it +appears, is really a country crossed and divided by countless tracks as +familiar to the seaman as though they were roads marked by trees and +milestones. Latitude and longitude, which to a landsman seem mere +mathematical abstractions, represent to seamen thousands and thousands +of definite points which, in their relation to sun and stars and the +measured lapse of time, are each as familiar and as accessible as any +spot on a main road is to a landsman. The officer on the bridge may see +nothing through his glasses but clouds and waves, yet in his mind’s eye +he sees not only his own position on the map, which he could fix +accurately within a quarter of a mile, but the movements of dozens of +other ships coming or going along the great highways. Each ship takes +its own road, but it is a road that passes through a certain known +territory; the great liners all know each other’s movements and where or +when they are likely to meet. Many of such meetings are invisible; it is +called a meeting at sea if ships pass twenty or thirty miles away from +each other and far out of sight. + +For there are other senses besides that of sight which now pierce the +darkness and span the waste distances of the ocean. It is no voiceless +solitude through which the _Titanic_ goes on her way. It is full of +whispers, summonses, questions, narratives; full of information to the +listening ear. High up on the boat deck the little white house to which +the wires straggle down from the looped threads between the mastheads is +full of the voices of invisible ships that are coming and going beyond +the horizon. The wireless impulse is too delicate to be used to actuate +a needle like that of the ordinary telegraph; a little voice is given to +it, and with this it speaks to the operator who sits with the telephone +cap strapped over his ears; a whining, buzzing voice, speaking not in +words but in rhythms, corresponding to the dots and dashes made on +paper, out of which a whole alphabet has been evolved. And the wireless +is the greatest gossip in the world. It repeats everything it hears; it +tells the listener everyone else’s business; it speaks to him of the +affairs of other people as well as his own. It is an ever-present +eavesdropper, and tells you what other people are saying to one another +in exactly the same voice in which they speak to you. When it is sending +your messages it shouts, splitting the air with crackling flashes of +forked blue fire; but when it has anything to say to you it whispers in +your ear in whining, insinuating confidence. And you must listen +attentively and with a mind concentrated on your own business if you are +to receive from it what concerns you, and reject what does not; for it +is not always the loudest whisper that is the most important. The +messages come from near and far, now like the rasp of a file in your +ear, and now in a thread of sound as fine as the whine of a mosquito; +and if the mosquito voice is the one that is speaking to you from far +away, you may often be interrupted by the loud and empty buzzing of one +nearer neighbour speaking to another and loudly interrupting the message +which concerns you. + +Listening to these voices in the Marconi room of the _Titanic_, and +controlling her articulation and hearing, were two young men, little +more than boys, but boys of a rare quality, children of the golden age +of electricity. Educated in an abstruse and delicate science, and loving +the sea for its largeness and adventure, they had come—Phillips at the +age of twenty-six, and Bride in the ripe maturity of twenty-one—to wield +for the _Titanic_ the electric forces of the ether, and to direct her +utterance and hearing on the ocean. And as they sat there that Friday +and Saturday they must have heard, as was their usual routine, all the +whispers of the ships for two hundred miles round them, their trained +faculties almost automatically rejecting the unessential, receiving and +attending to the essential. They heard talk of many things, talk in +fragments and in the strange rhythmic language that they had come to +know like a mother tongue; talk of cargoes, talk of money and business, +of transactions involving thousands of pounds; trivial talk of the +emotions, greetings and good wishes exchanged on the high seas; endless +figures of latitude and longitude—for a ship is an eternal egoist and +begins all her communications by an announcement of Who she is and Where +she is. Ships are chiefly interested in weather and cargo, and their +wireless talk on their own account is constantly of these things; but +most often of the weather. One ship may be pursuing her way under a calm +sky and in smooth waters, while two hundred miles away a neighbour may +be in the middle of a storm; and so the ships talk to one another of +the weather, and combine their forces against it, and, by altering +course a little, or rushing ahead, or hanging back, cheat and dodge +those malignant forces which are ever pursuing them. + +But in these April days there was nothing much to be said about the +weather. The winds and the storms were quiet here; they were busy +perhaps up in Labrador or furiously raging about Cape Horn, but they had +deserted for the time the North Atlantic, and all the ships ploughed +steadily on in sunshine and smooth seas. Here and there, however, a +whisper came to Phillips or Bride about something which, though not +exactly weather, was as deeply interesting to the journeying ships—ice. +Just a whisper, nothing more, listened to up there in the sunny Marconi +room, recorded, dealt with, and forgotten. “I have just come through +bad field-ice,” whispers one ship; “April ice very far south,” says +another; and Phillips taps out his “O.K., O.M.,” which is a kind of +cockney Marconi for “All right, old man.” And many other messages come +and go, of money and cargoes, and crops and the making of laws; but just +now and then a pin-prick of reminder between all these other topics +comes the word—ICE. + +April ice and April weed are two of the most lovely products of the +North Atlantic, but they are strangely opposite in their bearings on +human destiny. The lovely golden April weed that is gathered all round +the west coast of Ireland, and is burnt for indigo, keeps a whole +peasant population in food and clothing for the rest of the year; the +April ice, which comes drifting down on the Arctic current from the +glacier slopes of Labrador or the plateau of North Greenland, keeps the +seafaring population of the North Atlantic in doubt and anxiety +throughout the spring and summer. Lovely indeed are some of these +icebergs that glitter in the sun like fairy islands or the pinnacles of +Valhalla; and dreamy and gentle is their drifting movement as they come +down on the current by Newfoundland and round Cape Race, where, meeting +the east-going Gulf Stream, they are gradually melted and lost in the +waters of the Atlantic. Northward in the drift are often field-ice and +vast floes; the great detached bergs sail farther south into the +steamship tracks, and are what are most carefully looked for. This April +there was abundance of evidence that the field-ice had come farther +south than usual. The _Empress of Britain_, which passed the _Titanic_ +on Friday, reported an immense quantity of floating ice in the +neighbourhood of Cape Race. When she arrived in Liverpool it transpired +that, when three days out from Halifax, Nova Scotia, she encountered an +ice-field, a hundred miles in extent, with enormous bergs which appeared +to be joined to the ice-field, forming an immense white line, broken +with peaks and pinnacles on the horizon. The _Carmania_ and the +_Nicaragua_, which were going westward ahead of the _Titanic_, had both +become entangled in ice, and the _Nicaragua_ had sustained considerable +damage. And day by day, almost hour by hour, news was coming in from +other ships commenting on the unusual extent southward of the ice-field, +and on the unusual number of icebergs which they had encountered. No +doubt many of the passengers on the _Titanic_ were hoping that they +would meet with some; it is one of the chief interests of the North +Atlantic voyage in the spring and summer; and nothing is more lovely in +the bright sunshine of day than the sight of one of these giant islands, +with its mountain-peaks sparkling in the sun, and blue waves breaking on +its crystal shores; nothing more impressive than the thought, as one +looks at it, that high as its glittering towers and pinnacles may soar +towards heaven there is eight times as great a depth of ice extending +downwards into the dark sea. It is only at night, or when the waters are +covered with a thick fog produced by the contact of the ice with the +warmer water, that navigating officers, peering forward into the mist, +know how dreadful may be the presence of one of these sheeted monsters, +the ghostly highwaymen of the sea. + + + + +VI + + +Information like this, however, only concerned the little group of +executive officers who took their turns in tramping up and down the +white gratings of the bridge. It was all part of their routine; it was +what they expected to hear at this time of the year and in this part of +the ocean; there was nothing specially interesting to them in the gossip +of the wireless voices. Whatever they heard, we may be sure they did not +talk about it to the passengers. For there is one paramount rule +observed by the officers of passenger liners—and that is to make +everything as pleasant as possible for the passengers. If there is any +danger, they are the last to hear of it; if anything unpleasant happens +on board, such as an accident or a death, knowledge of it is kept from +as many of them as possible. Whatever may be happening, short of an +apparent and obvious extremity, it is the duty of the ship’s company to +help the passenger to believe that he lives and moves and has his being +in a kind of Paradise, at the doors of which there are no lurking +dangers and in which happiness and pleasure are the first duties of +every inhabitant. + +And who were the people who composed the population of this journeying +town? Subsequent events made their names known to us—vast lists of names +filling columns of the newspapers; but to the majority they are names +and nothing else. Hardly anyone living knew more than a dozen of them +personally; and try as we may it is very hard to see them, as their +fellow voyagers must have seen them, as individual human beings with +recognizable faces and characters of their own. Of the three hundred odd +first-class passengers the majority were Americans—rich and prosperous +people, engaged for the most part in the simple occupation of buying +things as cheaply as possible, selling them as dearly as possible, and +trying to find some agreeable way of spending the difference on +themselves. Of the three hundred odd second-class passengers probably +the majority were English, many of them of the minor professional +classes and many going either to visit friends or to take up situations +in the western world. But the thousand odd steerage passengers +represented a kind of Babel of nationalities, all the world in little, +united by nothing except poverty and the fact that they were in a +transition stage of their existence, leaving behind them for the most +part a life of failure and hopelessness, and looking forward to a new +life of success and hope: Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans, +missionaries and heathen, Russians, Poles, Greeks, Roumanians, Germans, +Italians, Chinese, Finns, Spaniards, English, and French—with a strong +contingent of Irish, the inevitable link in that melancholy chain of +emigration that has united Ireland and America since the Famine. But +there were other differences, besides those of their condition and +geographical distribution on the ship, that divided its inhabitants. For +the first-class passengers the world was a very small place, about which +many of them were accustomed to hurry in an important way in the process +of spending and getting their money, taking an Atlantic liner as humbler +people take a tramcar, without giving much thought to it or laying +elaborate plans, running backwards and forwards across the Atlantic and +its dangers as children run across the road in front of a motor car. +They were going to America this week; they would probably come back next +week or the week after. They were the people for whom the _Titanic_ had +specially been designed; it was for them that all the luxuries had been +contrived, so that in their runnings backwards and forwards they should +not find the long days tedious or themselves divorced from the kind of +accompaniments to life which they had come to regard as necessities. + +But for the people in the steerage this was no hurrying trip between one +business office and another; no hasty holiday arranged to sandwich ten +thousand miles of ozone as a refresher between two business engagements. +This westward progress was for them part of the drift of their lives, +loosening them from their native soil to scatter and distribute them +over the New World, in the hope that in fresher soil and less crowded +conditions they would strike new roots and begin a new life. The road +they travelled was for most of them a road to be travelled once only, a +road they knew they would never retrace. For them almost exclusively was +reserved that strange sense of looking down over the stern of the ship +into the boiling commotion of the churned-up waters, the maelstrom of +snow under the counter merging into the pale green highway that lay +straight behind them to the horizon, and of knowing that it was a road +that divided them from home, a road that grew a mile longer with every +three minutes of their storming progress. Other ships would follow on +the road; other ships would turn and come again, and drive their way +straight back over the white foam to where, with a sudden plunging and +turning of screws in the green harbour water of home, the road had +begun. But they who looked back from the steerage quarters of the +_Titanic_ would not return; and they, alone of all the passengers on the +ship, knew it. + +And that is all we can know or imagine about them; but it is probably +more than most of the fortunate ones on the snowy upper decks cared to +know or imagine. Up there also there were distinctions; some of the +travellers there, for example, were so rich that they were conspicuous +for riches, even in a population like this—and I imagine that the +standard of wealth is higher in the first-class population of an +Atlantic liner than in any other group of people in the world. There +were four men there who represented between them the possession of some +seventy millions of money—John Jacob Astor, Isidore Straus, George D. +Widener, and Benjamin Guggenheim their names; and it was said that +there were twenty who represented a fortune of a hundred millions +between them—an interesting, though not an important, fact. But there +were people there conspicuous for other things than their wealth. There +was William T. Stead who, without any wealth at all, had in some +respects changed the thought and social destinies of England; there was +Francis Millet, a painter who had attained to eminence in America and +who had recently been head of the American Academy in Rome; there was an +eminent motorist, an eminent master of hounds, an eminent baseball +player, an eminent poloist; and there was Major Archibald Butt, the +satellite and right-hand man of Presidents, who had had a typical +American career as newspaper correspondent, secretary, soldier, +diplomatist, aide-de-camp, and novelist. There was Mr. Ismay, the most +important man on the ship, for as head of the White Star Line he was +practically her owner. He was accompanying her on her maiden voyage with +no other object than to find out wherein she was defective, so that her +younger sister might excel her. He may be said to have accomplished his +purpose; and of all the people who took this voyage he is probably the +only one who succeeded in what he set out to do. There was Mr. Andrews, +one of the designers of the _Titanic_, who had come to enjoy the triumph +of his giant child; and there were several others also, denizens of that +great forest of iron in Belfast Lough, who had seen her and known her +when she was a cathedral building within a scaffolding, the most solid +and immovable thing in their world. These, the friends and companions of +her infancy, had come too, we may suppose, to admire her in her moment +of success, as the nurses and humble attendants of some beautiful girl +will watch in a body her departure for the triumphs of her first ball. + +Of all this throng I had personal knowledge of only two; and yet the two +happened to be extremely typical. I knew John Jacob Astor a few years +ago in New York, when he sometimes seemed like a polite skeleton in his +own gay house; an able but superficially unprepossessing man, so rich +that it was almost impossible to know accurately anything about him—a +man, I should say, to whom money had been nothing but a handicap from +his earliest days. He was typical of this company because he was so +conspicuous and so unknown; for when a man has thirty millions of money +the world hears about his doings and possessions endlessly, but knows +little of the man himself. It is enough to say that there were good +things and bad things credited to his account, of which the good were +much more unlikely and surprising than the bad. + +The other man—and how different!—was Christopher Head. He was typical +too, typical of that almost anonymous world that keeps the name of +England liked and respected everywhere. I said that he was typical +because these few conspicuous names that I have mentioned represent only +one narrow class of mankind; among the unnamed and the unknown you may +be sure, if you have any wide experience of collective humanity, that +virtues and qualities far more striking and far more admirable were +included. Christopher Head was mild and unassuming, and one of the most +attractive of men, for wherever he went he left a sense of serenity and +security; and he walked through life with a keen, observant +intelligence. Outside Lloyd’s, of which great corporation he was a +member, his interests were chiefly artistic, and he used his interest +and knowledge in the best possible way for the public good when he was +Mayor of Chelsea, and made his influence felt by imparting some quite +new and much-needed ideals into that civic office.... But two known +faces do not make a crowd familiar; and nothing will bring most of us +any nearer to the knowledge of these voyagers than will the knowledge of +what happened to them. + +One thing we do know—a small thing and yet illuminating to our picture. +There were many young people on board, many newly married, and some, we +may be sure, for whom the voyage represented the gateway to romance; for +no Atlantic liner ever sailed with a full complement and set down all +its passengers in the emotional state in which it took them up. The sea +is a great match-maker; and in those long monotonous hours of solitude +many flowers of the heart blossom and many minds and characters strike +out towards each other in new and undreamed-of sympathy. + +Of this we may be as sure as of the existence of the ship: that there +were on board the _Titanic_ people watching the slip of moon setting +early on those April nights for whom time and the world were quite +arrested in their course, and for whom the whole ship and her teeming +activities were but frame and setting for the perfect moment of their +lives; for whom the thronging multitudes of their fellow passengers were +but a blurred background against which the colour of their joy stood +sharp and clear. The fields of foam-flecked blue, sunlit or +cloud-shadowed by day; the starlight on the waters; the slow and +scarcely perceptible swinging of the ship’s rail against the violet and +spangled sky; the low murmur of voices, the liquid notes of violins, the +trampling tune of the engines—to how many others have not these been +the properties of a magic world; for how many others, as long as men +continue to go in ships upon the sea, will they not be the symbols of a +joy that is as old as time, and that is found to be new by every +generation! For this also is one of the gifts of the sea, and one of the +territories through which the long road passes. + + + + +VII + + +Sunday came, with nothing to mark it except the morning service in the +saloon—a function that by reason of its novelty, attracts some people at +sea who do not associate it with the shore. One thing, however, fire or +boat muster, which usually marks Sunday at sea, and gives it a little +variety, did not for some reason take place. It is one of the few +variants of the monotony of shipboard life, where anything in the nature +of a spectacle is welcomed; and most travellers are familiar with the +stir caused by the sudden hoarse blast of the foghorn and the subsequent +patter of feet and appearance from below of all kinds of people whose +existence the passenger had hardly suspected. Stewards, sailors, +firemen, engineers, nurses, bakers, butchers, cooks, florists, barbers, +carpenters, and stewardesses, ranged in two immense lines along the boat +deck, answer to their names and are told off, according to their +numbers, to take charge of certain boats. This muster did not take place +on the _Titanic_; if it had it would have revealed to any observant +passenger the fact that the whole crew of nine hundred would have +occupied all the available accommodation in the boats hanging on the +davits and left no room for any passengers. For the men who designed and +built the _Titanic_, who knew the tremendous strength of the girders and +cantilevers and bulkheads which took the thrust and pull of every strain +that she might undergo, had thought of boats rather as a superfluity, +dating from the days when ships were vulnerable, when they sprang leaks +and might sink in the high seas. In their pride they had said “the +_Titanic_ cannot spring a leak.” So there was no boat muster, and the +routine occupations of Sunday went on unvaried and undisturbed. Only in +the Marconi room was the monotony varied, for something had gone wrong +with the delicate electrical apparatus, and the wireless voice was +silent; and throughout the morning and afternoon, for seven hours, +Phillips and Bride were hard at work testing and searching for the +little fault that had cut them off from the world of voices. And at last +they found it, and the whining and buzzing began again. But it told them +nothing new; only the same story, whispered this time from the +_Californian_—the story of ice. + +The day wore on, the dusk fell, lights one by one sprang up and shone +within the ship; the young moon rose in a cloudless sky spangled with +stars. People remarked on the loveliness of the night as they went to +dress for dinner, but they remarked also on its coldness. There was an +unusual chill in the air, and lightly clad people were glad to draw in +to the big fireplaces in smoke-room or drawing-room or library, and to +keep within the comfort of the warm and lamplit rooms. The cold was +easily accounted for; it was the ice season, and the airs that were +blowing down from the north-west carried with them a breath from the +ice-fields. It was so cold that the decks were pretty well deserted, and +the usual evening concert, instead of being held on the open deck, was +held in the warmth, under cover. And gradually people drifted away to +bed, leaving only a few late birds sitting up reading in the library, or +playing cards in the smoking-rooms, or following a restaurant +dinner-party by quiet conversation in the flower-decked lounge. + +The ship had settled down for the night; half of her company were +peacefully asleep in bed, and many lying down waiting for sleep to come, +when something happened. What that something was depended upon what part +of the ship you were in. The first thing to attract the attention of +most of the first-class passengers was a negative thing—the cessation of +that trembling, continuous rhythm which had been the undercurrent of all +their waking sensations since the ship left Queenstown. The engines +stopped. Some wondered, and put their heads out of their state-room +doors, or even threw a wrap about them and went out into the corridors +to see what had happened, while others turned over in bed and composed +themselves to sleep, deciding to wait until the morning to hear what +was the cause of the delay. + +Lower down in the ship they heard a little more. The sudden harsh clash +of the engine-room telegraph bells would startle those who were near +enough to hear it, especially as it was followed almost immediately +afterwards by the simultaneous ringing all through the lower part of the +ship of the gongs that gave warning of the closing of the water-tight +doors. After the engines stopped there was a moment of stillness; and +then the vibration began again, more insistently this time, with a +certain jumping movement which to the experienced ear meant that the +engines were being sent full speed astern; and then they stopped again, +and again there was stillness. + +Here and there in the long corridors amidships a door opened and some +one thrust a head out, asking what was the matter; here and there a man +in pyjamas and a dressing-gown came out of his cabin and climbed up the +deserted staircase to have a look at what was going on; people sitting +in the lighted saloons and smoke-rooms looked at one another and said: +“What was that?” gave or received some explanation, and resumed their +occupations. A man in his dressing-gown came into one of the +smoking-rooms where a party was seated at cards, with a few yawning +bystanders looking on before they turned in. The newcomer wanted to know +what was the matter, whether they had noticed anything? They had felt a +slight jar, they said, and had seen an iceberg going by past the +windows; probably the ship had grazed it, but no damage had been done. +And they resumed their game of bridge. The man in the dressing-gown left +the smoke-room, and never saw any of the players again. So little +excitement was there in this part of the ship that the man in the +dressing-gown (his name was Mr. Beezley, an English schoolmaster, one of +the few who emerges from the crowd with an intact individuality) went +back to his cabin and lay down on his bed with a book, waiting for the +ship to start again. But the unnatural stillness, the uncanny peace even +of this great peaceful ship, must have got a little upon his nerves; and +when he heard people moving about in the corridors, he got up again, and +found that several people whom the stillness had wakened from their +sleep were wandering about inquiring what had happened. + +But that was all. The half-hour which followed the stoppage of the ship +was a comparatively quiet half-hour, in which a few people came out of +their cabins indeed, and collected together in the corridors and +staircases gossiping, speculating and asking questions as to what could +have happened; but it was not a time of anxiety, or anything like it. +Nothing could be safer on this quiet Sunday night than the great ship, +warmed and lighted everywhere, with her thick carpets and padded +armchairs and cushioned recesses; and if anything could have added to +the sense of peace and stability, it was that her driving motion had +ceased, and that she lay solid and motionless-like a rock in the sea, +the still water scarcely lapping against her sides. And those of her +people who had thought it worth while to get out of bed stood about in +little knots, and asked foolish questions, and gave foolish answers in +the familiar manner of passengers on shipboard when the slightest +incident occurs to vary the regular and monotonous routine. + + + + +VIII + + +This was one phase of that first half-hour. Up on the high bridge, +isolated from all the indoor life of the passengers, there was another +phase. The watches had been relieved at ten o’clock, when the ship had +settled down for the quietest and least eventful period of the whole +twenty-four hours. The First Officer, Mr. Murdoch, was in command of the +bridge, and with him was Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, and the usual +look-out staff. The moon had set, and the night was very cold, clear and +starry, except where here and there a slight haze hung on the surface of +the water. Captain Smith, to whom the night of the sea was like day, and +to whom all the invisible tracks and roads of the Atlantic were as +familiar as Fleet Street is to a _Daily Telegraph_ reporter, had been in +the chart room behind the bridge to plot out the course for the night, +and afterwards had gone to his room to lie down. Two pairs of sharp eyes +were peering forward from the crow’s nest, another pair from the nose of +the ship on the fo’c’stle head, and at least three pairs from the bridge +itself, all staring into the dim night, quartering with busy glances the +area of the black sea in front of them where the foremast and its wire +shrouds and stays were swinging almost imperceptibly across the starry +sky. + +At twenty minutes to twelve the silence of the night was broken by three +sharp strokes on the gong sounding from the crow’s nest—a signal for +something right ahead; while almost simultaneously came a voice through +the telephone from the look-out announcing the presence of ice. There +was a kind of haze in front of the ship the colour of the sea, but +nothing could be distinguished from the bridge. Mr. Murdoch’s hand was +on the telegraph immediately, and his voice rapped out the order to the +quartermaster to starboard the helm. The wheel spun round, the answering +click came up from the startled engine-room; but before anything else +could happen there was a slight shock, and a splintering sound from the +bows of the ship as she crashed into yielding ice. That was followed by +a rubbing, jarring, grinding sensation along her starboard bilge, and a +peak of dark-coloured ice glided past close alongside. + +As the engines stopped in obedience to the telegraph Mr. Murdoch turned +the switches that closed the water-tight doors. Captain Smith came +running out of the chart room. “What is it?” he asked. “We have struck +ice, Sir.” “Close the water-tight doors.” “It is already done, Sir.” +Then the Captain took command. He at once sent a message to the +carpenter to sound the ship and come and report; the quartermaster went +away with the message, and set the carpenter to work. Captain Smith now +gave a glance at the commutator, a dial which shows to what extent the +ship is off the perpendicular, and noticed that she carried a 5° list to +starboard. Coolly following a routine as exact as that which he would +have observed had he been conning the ship into dock, he gave a number +of orders in rapid succession, after first consulting with the Chief +Engineer. Then, having given instructions that the whole of the +available engine-power was to be turned to pumping the ship, he hurried +aft along the boat-deck to the Marconi room. Phillips was sitting at his +key, toiling through routine business; Bride, who had just got up to +relieve him, was sleepily making preparations to take his place. The +Captain put his head in at the door. + +“We have struck an iceberg,” he said, “and I am having an inspection +made to tell what it has done for us. Better get ready to send out a +call for assistance, but don’t send it until I tell you.” + +He hurried away again; in a few minutes he put his head in at the door +again; “Send that call for assistance,” he said. + +“What call shall I send?” asked Phillips. + +“The regulation international call for help, just that,” said the +Captain, and was gone again. + +But in five minutes he came back into the wireless room, this time +apparently not in such a hurry. “What call are you sending?” he asked; +and when Phillips told him “C.Q.D.,” the highly technical and efficient +Bride suggested, laughingly, that he should send “S.O.S.,” the new +international call for assistance which has superseded the C.Q.D. “It is +the new call,” said Bride, “and it may be your last chance to send it!” +And they all three laughed, and then for a moment chatted about what had +happened, while Phillips tapped out the three longs, three shorts, and +three longs which instantaneously sent a message of appeal flashing out +far and wide into the dark night. The Captain, who did not seem +seriously worried or concerned, told them that the ship had been struck +amidships or a little aft of that. + +Whatever may have been happening down below, everything up here was +quiet and matter-of-fact. It was a disaster, of course, but everything +was working well, everything had been done; the electric switches for +operating the bulkhead doors had been used promptly, and had worked +beautifully; the powerful wireless plant was talking to the ocean, and +in a few hours there would be some other ship alongside of them. It was +rough luck, to be sure; they had not thought they would so soon have a +chance of proving that the _Titanic_ was unsinkable. + + + + +IX + + +We must now visit in imagination some other parts of the ship, parts +isolated from the bridge and the spacious temple of luxury amidships, +and try to understand how the events of this half hour appeared to the +denizens of the lower quarters of the ship. The impact that had been +scarcely noticed in the first-class quarters had had much more effect +down below, and especially forward, where some of the third-class +passengers and some of the crew were berthed. A ripping, grinding crash +startled all but the heaviest sleepers here into wakefulness; but it was +over so soon and was succeeded by so peaceful a silence that no doubt +any momentary panic it might have caused was soon allayed. One of the +firemen describing it said: “I was awakened by a noise, and between +sleeping and waking I thought I was dreaming that I was on a train that +had run off the lines, and that I was being jolted about.” He jumped out +and went on deck, where he saw the scattered ice lying about. “Oh, we +have struck an iceberg,” he said, “that’s nothing; I shall go back and +turn in,” and he actually went back to bed and slept for half an hour, +until he was turned out to take his station at the boats. + +The steerage passengers, who were berthed right aft, heard nothing and +knew nothing until the news that an accident had happened began slowly +to filter down to them. But there was no one in authority to give them +any official news, and for a time they were left to wonder and speculate +as they chose. Forward, however, it became almost immediately apparent +to certain people that there was something grievously wrong; firemen on +their way through the passage along the ship’s bottom leading between +their quarters and No. 1 stokehold found water coming in, and rapidly +turned back. They were met on their way up the staircase by an officer +who asked them what they were doing. They told him. “There’s water +coming into our place, Sir,” they said; and as he thought they were off +duty he did not turn them back. + +Mr. Andrews, a partner in Harland and Wolff’s, and one of the +_Titanic’s_ designers, had gone quietly down by himself to investigate +the damage, and, great as was his belief in the giant he had helped to +create, it must have been shaken when he found the water pouring into +her at the rate of hundreds of tons a minute. Even his confidence in +those mighty steel walls that stretched one behind the other in +succession along the whole length of the ship could not have been proof +against the knowledge that three or four of them had been pierced by the +long rip of the ice-tooth. There was just a chance that she would hold +up long enough to allow of relief to arrive in time; but it is certain +that from that moment Mr. Andrews devoted himself to warning people, and +helping to get them away, so far as he could do so without creating a +panic. + +Most of the passengers, remember, were still asleep during this half +hour. One of the most terrible things possible at sea is a panic, and +Captain Smith was particularly anxious that no alarm should be given +before or unless it was absolutely necessary. He heard what Mr. Andrews +had to say, and consulted with the engineer, and soon found that the +whole of the ship’s bottom was being flooded. There were other +circumstances calculated to make the most sanguine ship-master uneasy. +Already, within half an hour, the _Titanic_ was perceptibly down by the +head. She would remain stationary for five minutes and then drop six +inches or a foot; remain stationary again, and drop another foot—a +circumstance ominous to experienced minds, suggesting that some of the +smaller compartments forward were one by one being flooded, and letting +the water farther and farther into her hull. + +Therefore at about twenty-five minutes past midnight the Captain gave +orders for the passengers to be called and mustered on the boat deck. +All the ship’s crew had by this time been summoned to their various +stations; and now through all the carpeted corridors, through the +companion-ways and up and down staircases, leading to the steerage +cabins, an army of three hundred stewards was hurrying, knocking loudly +on doors, and shouting up and down the passages, “All passengers on +deck with life-belts on!” The summons came to many in their sleep; and +to some in the curtained firelight luxury of their deck state-rooms it +seemed an order so absurd that they scorned it, and actually went back +to bed again. These, however, were rare exceptions; for most people +there was no mistaking the urgency of the command, even though they were +slow to understand the necessity for it. And hurry is a thing easily +communicated; seeing some passengers hastening out with nothing over +their night clothes but a blanket or a wrapper, others caught the +infection, and hurried too; and struggling with life-belts, clumsily +attempting to adjust them over and under a curious assortment of +garments, the passengers of the _Titanic_ came crowding up on deck, for +the first time fully alarmed. + + + + +X + + +When the people came on deck it was half-past twelve. The first-class +passengers came pouring up the two main staircases and out on to the +boat deck—some of them indignant, many of them curious, some few of them +alarmed. They found there everything as usual except that the long deck +was not quite level; it tilted downwards a little towards the bow, and +there was a slight list towards the starboard side. The stars were +shining in the sky and the sea was perfectly smooth, although dotted +about it here and there were lumps of dark-coloured ice, almost +invisible against the background of smooth water. A long line of +stewards was forming up beside the boats on either side—those solid +white boats, stretching far aft in two long lines, that became suddenly +invested with practical interest. Officers were shouting orders, seamen +were busy clearing up the coils of rope attached to the davit tackles, +fitting the iron handles to the winches by which the davits themselves +were canted over from the inward position over the deck to the outward +position over the ship’s side. Almost at the same time a rush of people +began from the steerage quarters, swarming up stairways and ladders to +reach this high deck hitherto sacred to the first-class passengers. At +first they were held back by a cordon of stewards, but some broke +through and others were allowed through, so that presently a large +proportion of the ship’s company was crowding about the boat deck and +the one immediately below it. + +Then the business of clearing, filling, and lowering the boats was +begun—a business quickly described, but occupying a good deal of time in +the transaction. Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Officer, ordered the crews to +the boats; and with some confusion different parties of stewards and +sailors disentangled themselves from the throng and stood in their +positions by each of the sixteen boats. Every member of the crew, when +he signs on for a voyage in a big passenger ship, is given a number +denoting which boat’s crew he belongs to. If there has been boat drill, +every man knows and remembers his number; if, as in the case of the +_Titanic_, there has been no boat drill, some of the men remember their +numbers and some do not, the result being a certain amount of confusion. +But at last a certain number of men were allotted to each boat, and +began the business of hoisting them out. + +First of all the covers had to be taken off and the heavy masts and +sails lifted out of them. Ship’s boats appear very small things when one +sees a line of them swinging high up on deck; but, as a matter of fact, +they are extremely heavy, each of them the size of a small sailing +yacht. Everything on the _Titanic_ having been newly painted, everything +was stiff and difficult to move. The lashings of the heavy canvas covers +were like wire, and the covers themselves like great boards; the new +ropes ran stiffly in the new gear. At last a boat was cleared and the +order given, “Women and children first.” The officers had revolvers in +their hands ready to prevent a rush; but there was no rush. There was a +certain amount of laughter. No one wanted to be the first to get into +the boat and leave the ship. “Come on,” cried the officers. There was a +pause, followed by the brief command, “Put them in.” + +The crew seized the nearest women and pushed or lifted them over the +rail into the first boat, which was now hanging over the side level with +the deck. But they were very unwilling to go. The boat, which looked big +and solid on the deck, now hung dizzily seventy-five feet over the dark +water; it seemed a far from attractive prospect to get into it and go +out on to the cold sea, especially as everyone was convinced that it was +a merely formal precaution which was being taken, and that the people in +the boats would merely be rowed off a little way and kept shivering on +the cold sea for a time and then brought back to the ship when it was +found that the danger was past. For, walking about the deck, people +remembered all the things that they had been thinking and saying since +first they had seen the _Titanic_; and what was the use of travelling by +an unsinkable ship if, at the first alarm of danger, one had to leave +her and row out on the icy water? Obviously it was only the old habit of +the sea asserting itself, and Captain Smith, who had hitherto been such +a favourite, was beginning to be regarded as something of a nuisance +with his ridiculous precautions. + +The boats swung and swayed in the davits; even the calm sea, now that +they looked at it more closely, was seen to be not absolutely like a +millpond, but to have a certain movement on its surface which, although +utterly helpless to move the huge bulk of the _Titanic_, against whose +sides it lapped, as ineffectually as against the walls of a dock, was +enough to impart a swinging movement to the small boats. But at last, +what with coercion and persuasion, a boat was half filled with women. +One of the things they liked least was leaving their husbands; they felt +that they were being sacrificed needlessly to over-elaborate +precautions, and it was hard to leave the men standing comfortably on +the firm deck, sheltered and in a flood of warm yellow light, and in the +safety of the great solid ship that lay as still as a rock, while they +had to go out, half-clad and shivering, on the icy waters. + +But the inexorable movements of the crew continued. The pulleys squealed +in the sheaves, the new ropes were paid out; and jerking downwards, a +foot or two at a time, the first boat dropped down towards the water, +past storey after storey of the great structure, past rows and rows of +lighted portholes, until at last, by strange unknown regions of the +ship’s side, where cataracts and waterfalls were rushing into the sea, +it rested on the waves. The blocks were unhooked, the heavy ash oars +were shipped, and the boat headed away into the darkness. And then, and +not till then, those in the boat realized that something was seriously +wrong with the _Titanic_. Instead of the trim level appearance which she +presented on the picture postcards or photographs, she had an ungraceful +slant downwards to the bows—a heavy helpless appearance like some +wounded monster that is being overcome by the waters. And even while +they looked, they could see that the bow was sinking lower. + +After the first boat had got away, there was less difficulty about the +others. The order, “Women and children first,” was rigidly enforced by +the officers; but it was necessary to have men in the boats to handle +them, and a number of stewards, and many grimy figures of stokers who +had mysteriously appeared from below were put into them to man them. +Once the tide of people began to set into the boats and away from the +ship, there came a certain anxiety to join them and not to be left +behind. Here and there indeed there was over-anxiety, which had to be +roughly checked. One band of Italians from the steerage, who had good +reason to know that something was wrong, tried to rush one of the boats, +and had to be kept back by force, an officer firing a couple of shots +with his pistol; they desisted, and were hauled back ignominiously by +the legs. In their place some of the crew and the passengers who were +helping lifted in a number of Italian women limp with fright. + +And still everyone was walking about and saying that the ship was +unsinkable. There was a certain subdued excitement, natural to those who +feel that they are taking part in a rather thrilling adventure which +will give them importance in the eyes of people at home when they relate +it. There was as yet no call for heroism, because, among the +first-class passengers certainly, the majority believed that the safest +as well as the most comfortable place was the ship. But it was painful +for husbands and wives to be separated, and the wives sent out to brave +the discomforts of the open boats while the husbands remained on the dry +and comfortable ship. + +The steerage people knew better and feared more. Life had not taught +them, as it had taught some of those first-class passengers, that the +world was an organization specially designed for their comfort and +security; they had not come to believe that the crude and ugly and +elementary catastrophes of fate would not attack them. On the contrary, +most of them knew destiny as a thing to fear, and made haste to flee +from it. Many of them, moreover, had been sleeping low down in the +forward part of the ship; they had heard strange noises, had seen water +washing about where no water should be, and they were frightened. There +was, however, no discrimination between classes in putting the women +into the boats. The woman with a tattered shawl over her head, the woman +with a sable coat over her nightdress, the woman clasping a baby, and +the woman clutching a packet of trinkets had all an equal chance; side +by side they were handed on to the harsh and uncomfortable thwarts of +the lifeboats; the wife of the millionaire sat cheek by jowl with a +dusty stoker and a Russian emigrant, and the spoiled woman of the world +found some poor foreigner’s baby thrown into her lap as the boat was +lowered. + +By this time the women and children had all been mustered on the second +or A deck; the men were supposed to remain up on the boat deck while the +boats were being lowered to the level of the women, where sections of +the rail had been cleared away for them to embark more easily; but this +rule, like all the other rules, was not rigidly observed. The crew was +not trained enough to discipline and coerce the passengers. How could +they be? They were trained to serve them, to be obsequious and obliging; +it would have been too much to expect that they should suddenly take +command and order them about. + +There were many minor adventures and even accidents. One woman had both +her legs broken in getting into the boat. The mere business of being +lowered in a boat through seventy feet of darkness was in itself +productive of more than one exciting incident. The falls of the first +boat jammed when she was four feet from the water, and she had to be +dropped into it with a splash. And there was one very curious incident +which happened to the boat in which Mr. Beezley, the English +schoolmaster already referred to, had been allotted a place as a helper. +“As the boat began to descend,” he said, “two ladies were pushed +hurriedly through the crowd on B deck, and a baby ten months old was +passed down after them. Then down we went, the crew shouting out +directions to those lowering us. ‘Level,’ ‘Aft,’ ‘Stern,’ ‘Both +together!’ until we were some ten feet from the water. Here occurred the +only anxious moment we had during the whole of our experience from the +time of our leaving the deck to our reaching the _Carpathia_. + +“Immediately below our boat was the exhaust of the condensers, and a +huge stream of water was pouring all the time from the ship’s side just +above the water-line. It was plain that we ought to be smart away from +it if we were to escape swamping when we touched the water. We had no +officers on board, and no petty officer or member of the crew to take +charge, so one of the stokers shouted, ‘Some one find the pin which +releases the boat from the ropes and pull it up!’ No one knew where it +was. We felt as well as we could on the floor, and along the sides, but +found nothing. It was difficult to move among so many people. We had +sixty or seventy on board. Down we went, and presently we floated with +our ropes still holding us, and the stream of water from the exhaust +washing us away from the side of the vessel, while the swell of the sea +urged us back against the side again. + +“The result of all these forces was that we were carried parallel to the +ship’s side, and directly under boat No. 14, which had filled rapidly +with men, and was coming down on us in a way that threatened to submerge +our boat. + +“‘Stop lowering 14,’ our crew shouted, and the crew of No. 14, now only +20 feet above, cried out the same. The distance to the top, however, was +some 70 feet, and the creaking of the pulleys must have deadened all +sound to those above, for down she came, 15 feet, 10 feet, 5 feet, and a +stoker and I reached up and touched the bottom of the swinging boat +above our heads. The next drop would have brought her on our heads. Just +before she dropped another stoker sprang to the ropes with his knife +open in his hand. ‘One,’ I heard him say, and then ‘Two,’ as the knife +cut through the pulley rope. + +“‘The next moment the exhaust stream carried us clear, while boat No. 14 +dropped into the water, taking the space we had occupied a moment +before. Our gunwales were almost touching. We drifted away easily, and +when our oars were got out, we headed directly away from the ship.’” + +But although there was no sense of danger, there were some painful +partings on the deck where the women were embarked; for you must think +of this scene as going on for at least an hour amid a confusion of +people pressing about, trying to find their friends, asking for +information, listening to some new rumour, trying to decide whether they +should or should not go in the boats, to a constant accompaniment of +shouted orders, the roar of escaping steam, the squeal and whine of the +ropes and pulleys, and the gay music of the band, which Captain Smith +had ordered to play during the embarkation. Every now and then a woman +would be forced away from her husband; every now and then a husband, +having got into a boat with his wife, would be made to get out of it +again. If it was hard for the wives to go, it was harder for the +husbands to see them go to such certain discomfort and in such strange +company. Colonel Astor, whose young wife was in a delicate state of +health, had got into the boat with her to look after her; and no wonder. +But he was ordered out again and came at once, no doubt feeling +bitterly, poor soul, that he would have given many of his millions to be +able to go honourably with her. But he stepped back without a word of +remonstrance and gave her good-bye with a cheery message, promising to +meet her in New York. And if that happened to him, we may be sure it was +happening over and over again in other boats. There were women who +flatly refused to leave their husbands and chose to stay with them and +risk whatever fate might be in store for them, although at that time +most of the people did not really believe that there was much danger. +Yet here and there there were incidents both touching and heroic. When +it came to the turn of Mrs. Isidore Straus, the wife of a Jewish +millionaire, she took her seat but got back out of the boat when she +found her husband was not coming. They were both old people, and on two +separate occasions an Englishman who knew her tried to persuade her to +get into a boat, but she would not leave her husband. The second time +the boat was not full and he went to Mr. Straus and said: “Do go with +your wife. Nobody can object to an old gentleman like you going. There +is plenty of room in the boat.” The old gentleman thanked him calmly and +said: “I won’t go before the other men.” And Mrs. Straus got out and, +going up to him, said: “We have been together for forty years and we +will not separate now.” And she remained by his side until that happened +to them which happened to the rest. + + + + +XI + + +We must now go back to the Marconi room on the upper deck where, ten +minutes after the collision, Captain Smith had left the operators with +orders to send out a call for assistance. From this Marconi room we get +a strange but vivid aspect of the situation; for Bride, the surviving +operator, who afterwards told the story so graphically to the _New York +Times_, practically never left the room until he left it to jump into +the sea, and his knowledge of what was going on was the vivid, partial +knowledge of a man who was closely occupied with his own duties and only +knew of other happenings in so far as they affected his own doings. +They had been working, you will remember, almost all of that Sunday at +locating and replacing a burnt-out terminal, and were both very tired. +Phillips was taking the night shift of duty, but he told Bride to go to +bed early and get up and relieve him as soon as he had had a little +sleep, as Phillips himself was quite worn out with his day’s work. Bride +went to sleep in the cabin which opened into the operating-room. + +He slept some time, and when he woke he heard Phillips still at work. He +could read the rhythmic buzzing sounds as easily as you or I can read +print. He could hear that Phillips was talking to Cape Race, sending +dull uninteresting traffic matter; and he was about to sink off to sleep +again when he remembered how tired Phillips must be, and decided that he +would get up and relieve him for a spell. He never felt the shock, or +saw anything, or had any other notification of anything unusual except +no doubt the ringing of the telegraph bells and cessation of the beat of +the engines. It was a few minutes afterwards that, as we have seen, the +Captain put his head in at the door and told them to get ready to send a +call, returning ten minutes later to tell them to send it. + +The two operators were rather amused than otherwise at having to send +out the S.O.S.; it was a pleasant change from relaying traffic matter. +“We said lots of funny things to each other in the next few minutes,” +said Bride. Phillips went stolidly on, firmly hammering out his “S.O.S., +S.O.S.,” sometimes varying it with “C.Q.D.” for the benefit of such +operators as might not be on the alert for the new call. For several +minutes there was no reply; then the whining voice at Phillips’ ear +began to answer. Some one had heard. They had picked up the steamer +_Frankfurt_, and they gave her the position and told her that the +_Titanic_ had struck an iceberg and needed assistance. There was another +pause and, in their minds’ eye, the wireless men could see the +_Frankfurt’s_ operator miles and miles away across the dark night going +along from his cabin and rousing the _Frankfurt’s_ Captain and giving +his message and coming back to the instrument, when again the whining +voice began asking for more news. + +They were learning facts up here in the Marconi room. They knew that the +_Titanic_ was taking in water, and they knew that she was sinking by the +head; and what they knew they flashed out into the night for the benefit +of all who had ears to hear. They knew that there were many ships in +their vicinity; but they knew also that hardly any of them carried more +than one operator, and that even Marconi operators earning £4 a month +must go to bed and sleep sometimes, and that it was a mere chance if +their call was heard. But presently the Cunard liner _Carpathia_ +answered and told them her position, from which it appeared that she was +about seventy miles away. The _Carpathia_, which was heading towards the +Mediterranean, told them she had altered her course and was heading full +steam to their assistance. The _Carpathia’s_ voice was much fainter than +the _Frankfurt’s_, from which Phillips assumed that the _Frankfurt_ was +the nearer ship; but there was a certain lack of promptitude on board +the _Frankfurt_ which made Phillips impatient. While he was still +sending out the call for help, after the _Frankfurt_ had answered it, +she interrupted him again, asking what was the matter. They told Captain +Smith, who said, “That fellow is a fool,” an opinion which Phillips and +Bride not only shared, but which they even found time to communicate to +the operator on the _Frankfurt_. By this time the _Olympic_ had also +answered her twin sister’s cry for help, but she was far away, more than +three hundred miles; and although she too turned and began to race +towards the spot where the _Titanic_ was lying so quietly, it was felt +that the honours of salving her passengers would go to the _Carpathia_. +The foolish _Frankfurt_ operator still occasionally interrupted with a +question, and he was finally told, with such brusqueness as the wireless +is capable of, to keep away from his instrument and not interfere with +the serious conversations of the _Titanic_ and _Carpathia_. + +Then Bride took Phillips’s place at the instrument and succeeded in +getting a whisper from the _Baltic_, and gradually, over hundreds of +miles of ocean, the invisible ether told the ships that their giant +sister was in distress. The time passed quickly with these urgent +conversations on which so much might depend, and hour by hour and minute +by minute the water was creeping up the steep sides of the ship. Once +the Captain looked in and told them that the engine-rooms were taking in +water and that the dynamos might not last much longer. That information +was also sent to the _Carpathia_, who by this time could tell them that +she had turned towards them with every furnace going at full blast, and +was hurrying forward at the rate of eighteen knots instead of her usual +fifteen. It now became a question how long the storage plant would +continue to supply current. Phillips went out on deck and looked round. +“The water was pretty close up to the boat deck. There was a great +scramble aft, and how poor Phillips worked through it I don’t know. He +was a brave man. I learnt to love him that night, and I suddenly felt +for him a great reverence, to see him standing there sticking to his +work while everybody else was raging about. While I live I shall never +forget the work Phillips did for that last awful fifteen minutes.” + +Bride felt that it was time to look about and see if there was no chance +of saving himself. He knew that by this time all the boats had gone. He +could see, by looking over the side, that the water was far nearer than +it had yet been, and that the fo’c’s’le decks, which of course were much +lower than the superstructure on which the Marconi cabin was situated, +were already awash. He remembered that there was a lifebelt for every +member of the crew and that his own was under his bunk; and he went and +put it on. And then, thinking how cold the water would be, he went back +and put his boots on, and an extra coat. Phillips was still standing at +the key, talking to the _Olympic_ now and telling her the tragic and +shameful news that her twin sister, the unsinkable, was sinking by the +head and was pretty near her end. While Phillips was sending this +message Bride strapped a lifebelt about him and put on his overcoat. +Then, at Phillips’s suggestion, Bride went out to see if there was +anything left in the shape of a boat by which they could get away. He +saw some men struggling helplessly with a collapsible boat which they +were trying to lower down on to the deck. Bride gave them a hand and +then, although it was the last boat left, he resolutely turned his back +on it and went back to Phillips. At that moment for the last time, the +Captain looked in to give them their release. + +“Men, you have done your full duty, you can do no more. Abandon your +cabin now; it is every man for himself; you look out for yourselves. I +release you. That’s the way of it at this kind of time; every man for +himself.” + +Then happened one of the strangest incidents of that strange hour. I can +only give it in Bride’s own words: + +“Phillips clung on, sending, sending. He clung on for about ten minutes, +or maybe fifteen minutes, after the Captain released him. The water was +then coming into our cabin. + +“While he worked something happened I hate to tell about. I was back in +my room getting Phillips’s money for him, and as I looked out of the +door I saw a stoker, or somebody from below decks, leaning over Phillips +from behind. Phillips was too busy to notice what the man was doing, but +he was slipping the lifebelt off Phillips’s back. He was a big man, +too. + +“As you can see, I’m very small. I don’t know what it was I got hold of, +but I remembered in a flash the way Phillips had clung on; how I had to +fix that lifebelt in place, because he was too busy to do it. + +“I knew that man from below decks had his own lifebelt, and should have +known where to get it. I suddenly felt a passion not to let that man die +a decent sailor’s death. I wished he might have stretched a rope or +walked a plank. I did my duty. I hope I finished him, but I don’t know. + +“We left him on the cabin floor of the wireless room, and he wasn’t +moving.” + +Phillips left the cabin, running aft, and Bride never saw him alive +again. He himself came out and found the water covering the bridge and +coming aft over the boat deck. + + + + +XII + + +There is one other separate point of view from which we may look at the +ship during this fateful hour before all points of view become merged in +one common experience. Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, who had been on +the bridge at the moment of the impact, had been busy sending up rockets +and signals in the effort to attract the attention of a ship whose +lights could be seen some ten miles away; a mysterious ship which cannot +be traced, but whose lights appear to have been seen by many independent +witnesses on the _Titanic_. So sure was he of her position that Mr. +Boxhall spent almost all his time on the bridge signalling to her with +rockets and flashes; but no answer was received. He had, however, also +been on a rapid tour of inspection of the ship immediately after she had +struck. He went down to the steerage quarters forward and aft, and he +was also down in the deep forward compartment where the Post Office men +were working with the mails, and he had at that time found nothing +wrong, and his information contributed much to the sense of security +that was spread amongst the passengers. + +Mr. Pitman, the Third Officer, was in his bunk at the time of the +collision, having been on duty on the bridge from six to eight, when the +Captain had also been on the bridge. There had been talk of ice among +the officers on Sunday, and they had expected to meet with it just +before midnight, at the very time, in fact, when they had met with it. +But very little ice had been seen, and the speed of the ship had not +been reduced. Mr. Pitman says that when he awoke he heard a sound which +seemed to him to be the sound of the ship coming to anchor. He was not +actually awake then, but he had the sensation of the ship halting, and +heard a sound like that of chains whirling round the windlass and +running through the hawseholes into the water. He lay in bed for three +or four minutes wondering in a sleepy sort of way where they could have +anchored. Then, becoming more awake, he got up, and without dressing +went out on deck; he saw nothing remarkable, but he went back and +dressed, suspecting that something was the matter. While he was dressing +Mr. Boxhall looked in and said: “We have struck an iceberg, old man; +hurry up!” + +He also went down below to make an inspection and find out what damage +had been done. He went to the forward well deck, where ice was lying, +and into the fo’c’s’le, but found nothing wrong there. The actual +damage was farther aft, and at that time the water had not come into the +bows of the ship. As he was going back he met a number of firemen coming +up the gangway with their bags of clothing; they told him that water was +coming into their place. They were firemen off duty, who afterwards were +up on the boat deck helping to man the boats. Then Mr. Pitman went down +lower into the ship and looked into No. 1 hatch, where he could plainly +see water. All this took time; and when he came back he found that the +men were beginning to get the boats ready, a task at which he helped +under Mr. Murdoch’s orders. Presently Mr. Murdoch ordered him to take +command of a boat and hang about aft of the gangway. Pitman had very +little relish for leaving the ship at that time, and in spite of the +fact that she was taking in water, every one was convinced that the +_Titanic_ was a much safer place than the open sea. He had about forty +passengers and six of the crew in his boat, and as it was about to be +lowered, Mr. Murdoch leant over to him and shook him heartily by the +hand: “Good-bye, old man, and good luck,” he said, in tones which rather +surprised Pitman, for they seemed to imply that the good-bye might be +for a long time. His boat was lowered down into the water, unhooked, and +shoved off, and joined the gradually increasing fleet of other boats +that were cruising about in the starlight. + +There was one man walking about that upper deck whose point of view was +quite different from that of anyone else. Mr. Bruce Ismay, like so many +others, was awakened from sleep by the stopping of the engines; like so +many others, also, he lay still for a few moments, and then got up and +went into the passage-way, where he met a steward and asked him what was +the matter. The steward knew nothing, and Mr. Ismay went back to his +state-room, put on a dressing-gown and slippers, and went up to the +bridge, where he saw the Captain. “What has happened?” he asked. “We +have struck ice,” was the answer. “Is the injury serious?” “I think so,” +said the Captain. Then Mr. Ismay came down in search of the Chief +Engineer, whom he met coming up to the bridge; he asked him the same +question, and he also said he thought the injury serious. He understood +from them that the ship was certainly in danger, but that there was hope +that if the pumps could be kept going there would be no difficulty in +keeping her afloat quite long enough for help to come and for the +passengers to be taken off. Whatever was to be the result, it was a +terrible moment for Mr. Ismay, a terrible blow to the pride and record +of the Company, that this, their greatest and most invulnerable ship, +should be at least disabled, and possibly lost, on her maiden voyage. +But like a sensible man, he did not stand wringing his hands at the +inevitable; he did what he could to reassure the passengers, repeating, +perhaps with a slight quaver of doubt in his voice, the old +word—unsinkable. When the boats began to be launched he went and tried +to help, apparently in his anxiety getting rather in the way. In this +endeavour he encountered the wrath of Mr. Lowe, the Fifth Officer, who +was superintending the launching of boat No. 5. Mr. Lowe did not know +the identity of the nervous, excited figure standing by the davits, nor +recognize the voice which kept saying nervously, “Lower away! lower +away!” and it was therefore with no misgivings that he ordered him away +from the boat, saying brusquely, “If you will kindly get to hell out of +this perhaps I’ll be able to do something!”—a trifling incident, but +evidence that Mr. Ismay made no use of his position for his own personal +ends. He said nothing, and went away to another boat, where he succeeded +in being more useful, and it was not till afterwards that an +awe-stricken steward told the Fifth Officer who it was that he had +chased away with such language. But after that Mr. Ismay was among the +foremost in helping to sort out the women and children and get them +expeditiously packed into the boats, with a burden of misery and +responsibility on his heart that we cannot measure. + +One can imagine a great bustle and excitement while the boats were being +sent away; but when they had all gone, and there was nothing more to be +done, those who were left began to look about them and realize their +position. There was no doubt about it, the _Titanic_ was sinking, not +with any plunging or violent movement, but steadily settling down, as a +rock seems to settle into the water when the tide rises about it. + +Down in the engine-room and stokeholds, in conditions which can hardly +be imagined by the ordinary landsman, men were still working with a grim +and stoic heroism. The forward stokeholds had been flooded probably an +hour after the collision; but it is practically certain that the +bulkheads forward of No. 5 held until the last. The doors in those aft +of No. 4 had been opened by hand after they had been closed from the +bridge, in order to facilitate the passage of the engineering staff +about their business; and they remained open, and the principal bulkhead +protecting the main engine-room, held until the last. Water thus found +its way into some compartments, and gradually rose; but long after +those in charge had given up all hope of saving the ship, the stokehold +watch were kept hard at work drawing the fires from under the boilers, +so that when the water reached them there should be no steam. The duty +of the engine-room staff was to keep the pumps going as long as possible +and to run the dynamos that supplied the current for the light and the +Marconi installation. This they did, as the black water rose stage by +stage upon them. At least twenty minutes before the ship sank the +machinery must have been flooded, and the current for the lights and the +wireless supplied from the storage plant. No member of the engine-room +staff was ever seen alive again, but, when the water finally flooded the +stokeholds, the watch were released and told to get up and save +themselves if they could. + +And up on deck a chilly conviction of doom was slowly but certainly +taking the place of that bland confidence in the unsinkable ship in +which the previous hour had been lightly passed. That confidence had +been dreadfully overdone, so much so that the stewards had found the +greatest difficulty in persuading the passengers to dress themselves and +come up on deck, and some who had done so had returned to their +state-rooms and locked themselves in. The last twenty minutes, however, +must have shown everyone on deck that there was not a chance left. On a +ship as vast and solid as the _Titanic_ there is no sensation of actual +sinking or settling. She still seemed as immovable as ever, but the +water was climbing higher and higher up her black sides. The sensation +was not that of the ship sinking, but of the water rising about her. And +the last picture we have of her, while still visible, still a firm +refuge amid the waters, is of the band still playing and a throng of +people looking out from the lamplit upper decks after the disappearing +boats, bracing themselves as best they might for the terrible plunge and +shock which they knew was coming. Here and there men who were determined +still to make a fight for life climbed over the rail and jumped over; it +was not a seventy foot drop now—perhaps under twenty, but it was a +formidable jump. Some were stunned, and some were drowned at once before +the eyes of those who waited; and the dull splashes they made were +probably the first visible demonstration of the death that was coming. +Duties were still being performed; an old deck steward, who had charge +of the chairs, was busily continuing to work, adapting his duties to the +emergency that had arisen and lashing chairs together. In this he was +helped by Mr. Andrews, who was last seen engaged on this strangely +ironic task of throwing chairs overboard—frail rafts thrown upon the +waters that might or might not avail some struggling soul when the +moment should arrive, and the great ship of his designing float no +longer. Throughout he had been untiring in his efforts to help and +hearten people; but in this the last vision of him, there is something +not far short of the sublime. + +The last collapsible boat was being struggled with on the upper deck, +but there were no seamen about who understood its stiff mechanism; +unaccustomed hands fumbled desperately with it, and finally pushed it +over the side in its collapsed condition for use as a raft. Many of the +seamen and stewards had gathered in the bar-room, where the attendant +was serving out glasses of whiskey to any and all who came for it; but +most men had an instinct against being under cover, and preferred to +stand out in the open. + +And now those in the boats that had drawn off from the ship could see +that the end was at hand. Her bows had gone under, although the stern +was still fairly high out of the water. She had sunk down at the forward +end of the great superstructure amidships; her decks were just awash, +and the black throng was moving aft. The ship was blazing with light, +and the strains of the band were faintly heard still playing as they had +been commanded to do. But they had ceased to play the jolly rag-time +tunes with which the bustle and labour of getting off the boats had been +accompanied; solemn strains, the strains of a hymn, could be heard +coming over the waters. Many women in the boats, looking back towards +that lighted and subsiding mass, knew that somewhere, invisible among +the throng, was all that they held dearest in the world waiting for +death; and they could do nothing. Some tried to get the crews to turn +back, wringing their hands, beseeching, imploring; but no crew dared +face the neighbourhood of the giant in her death agony. They could only +wait, and shiver, and look. + + + + +XIII + + +The end, when it came, was as gradual as everything else had been since +the first impact. Just as there was no one moment at which everyone in +the ship realized that she had suffered damage; just as there was no one +moment when the whole of her company realized that they must leave her; +just as there was no one moment when all in the ship understood that +their lives were in peril, and no moment when they all knew she must +sink; so there was no one moment at which all those left on board could +have said, “She is gone.” At one moment the floor of the bridge, where +the Captain stood, was awash; the next a wave came along and covered it +with four feet of water, in which the Captain was for a moment washed +away, although he struggled back and stood there again, up to his knees +in water. “Boys, you can do no more,” he shouted, “look out for +yourselves!” Standing near him was a fireman and—strange +juxtaposition—two unclaimed solitary little children, scarce more than +babies. The fireman seized one in his arms, the Captain another; another +wave came and they were afloat in deep water, striking out over the rail +of the bridge away from the ship. + +The slope of the deck increased, and the sea came washing up against it +as waves wash against a steep shore. And then that helpless mass of +humanity was stricken at last with the fear of death, and began to +scramble madly aft, away from the chasm of water that kept creeping up +and up the decks. Then a strange thing happened. They who had been +waiting to sink into the sea found themselves rising into the air as the +slope of the decks grew steeper. Up and up, dizzily high out of reach +of the dark waters into which they had dreaded to be plunged, higher and +higher into the air, towards the stars, the stern of the ship rose +slowly right out of the water, and hung there for a time that is +estimated variously between two and five minutes; a terrible eternity to +those who were still clinging. Many, thinking the end had come, jumped; +the water resounded with splash after splash as the bodies, like mice +shaken out of a trap into a bucket, dropped into the water. All who +could do so laid hold of something; ropes, stanchions, deck-houses, +mahogany doors, window frames, anything, and so clung on while the stern +of the giant ship reared itself towards the sky. Many had no hold, or +lost the hold they had, and these slid down the steep smooth decks, as +people slide down a water chute into the sea. + +We dare not linger here, even in imagination; dare not speculate; dare +not look closely, even with the mind’s eye, at this poor human agony, +this last pitiful scramble for dear life that the serene stars shone +down upon. We must either turn our faces away, or withdraw to that +surrounding circle where the boats were hovering with their +terror-stricken burdens, and see what they saw. They saw the after part +of the ship, blazing with light, stand up, a suspended prodigy, between +the stars and the waters; they saw the black atoms, each one of which +they knew to be a living man or woman on fire with agony, sliding down +like shot rubbish into the sea; they saw the giant decks bend and crack; +they heard a hollow and tremendous rumbling as the great engines tore +themselves from their steel beds and crashed through the ship; they saw +sparks streaming in a golden rain from one of the funnels; heard the +dull boom of an explosion while the spouting funnel fell over into the +sea with a slap that killed every one beneath it and set the nearest +boat rocking; heard two more dull bursting reports as the steel +bulkheads gave way or decks blew up; saw the lights flicker out, flicker +back again, and then go out for ever, and the ship, like some giant sea +creature forsaking the strife of the upper elements for the peace of the +submarine depths, launched herself with one slow plunge and dive beneath +the waves. + +There was no great maelstrom as they had feared, but the sea was +swelling and sinking all about them; and they could see waves and eddies +where rose the imprisoned air, the smoke and steam of vomited-up ashes, +and a bobbing commotion of small dark things where the _Titanic_, in her +pride and her shame, with the clocks ticking and the fires burning in +her luxurious rooms, had plunged down to the icy depths of death. + + + + +XIV + + +As the ship sank and the commotion and swirl of the waves subsided, the +most terrible experience of all began. The seas were not voiceless; the +horrified people in the surrounding boats heard an awful sound from the +dark central area, a collective voice, compound of moans, shrieks, cries +and despairing calls, from those who were struggling in the water. It +was an area of death and of agony towards which those in the boats dared +not venture, even although they knew their own friends were perishing +and crying for help there. They could only wait and listen, hoping that +it might soon be over. But it was not soon over. There was a great deal +of floating wreckage to which hundreds of people clung, some for a +short time, some for a long time; and while they clung on they cried out +to their friends to save them. One boat—that commanded by Mr. Lowe, the +Fifth Officer—did, after transshipping some of its passengers into other +boats, and embarking a crew of oarsmen, venture back into the dark +centre of things. The wreckage and dead bodies showed the sea so thickly +that they could hardly row without touching a dead body; and once, when +they were trying to reach a survivor who was clinging to a piece of +broken staircase, praying and calling for help, it took them nearly half +an hour to cover the fifty feet that separated them from him, so thick +were the bodies. This reads like an exaggeration, but it is well +attested. The water was icy cold, and benumbed many of them, who thus +died quickly; a few held on to life, moaning, wailing, calling—but in +vain. + +A few strong men were still making a desperate fight for life. The +collapsible boat, which Bride had seen a group of passengers attempting +to launch a few minutes before the ship sank, was washed off by a wave +in its collapsed condition. Such boats contain air compartments in their +bottom, and thus, even although they are not opened, they float like +rafts, and can carry a considerable weight. Some of those who were swept +off the ship by the same wave that took the boat found themselves near +it and climbed on to it. Mr. Lightoller, the Second Officer, had dived +as the ship dived, and been sucked down the steep submerged wall of the +hull against the grating over the blower for the exhaust steam. Far down +under the water he felt the force of an explosion which blew him up to +the surface, where he breathed for a moment, and was then sucked back +by the water washing into the ship as it sank. This time he landed +against the grating over the pipes that furnished the draught for the +funnels, and stuck there. There was another explosion, and again he came +to the surface not many feet from the ship, and found himself near the +collapsible boat, to which he clung. It was quite near him that the huge +funnel fell over into the water and killed many swimmers before his +eyes. He drifted for a time on the collapsible boat, until he was taken +off into one of the lifeboats. + +Bride also found himself strangely involved with this boat, which he had +last seen on the deck of the ship. When he was swept off, he found +himself in the horrible position of being trapped under water beneath +this boat. He struggled out and tried to climb on to it, but it took +him a long time; at last, however, he managed to get up on it, and found +five or six other people there. And now and then some other swimmer, +stronger than most, would come up and be helped on board. Some thus +helped died almost immediately; there were four found dead upon this +boat when at last the survivors were rescued. + +There was another boat also not far off, a lifeboat, capsized likewise. +Six men managed to scramble on to the keel of this craft; it was almost +all she could carry. Mr. Caldwell, a second-class passenger, who had +been swimming about in the icy water for nearly an hour, with dead +bodies floating all about him, was beginning to despair when he found +himself near a crate to which another man was clinging. “Will it hold +two?” he asked. And the other man, with a rare heroism, said: “Catch +hold and try; we will live or die together.” And these two, clinging +precariously to the crate, reached the overturned lifeboat and were +hauled up to its keel. Presently another man came swimming along and +asked if they could take him on. But the boat was already dangerously +loaded; the weight of another man would have meant death for all, and +they told him so. “All right,” he cried, “good-bye; God bless you all!” +And he sank before their eyes. + +Captain Smith, who had last been seen washed from the bridge as the ship +sank, with a child in his arms, was seen once more before he died. He +was swimming, apparently only in the hope of saving the child that he +held; for in his austere conception of his duty there was no place of +salvation for him while others were drowning and struggling. He swam up +to a boat with the child and gasped out: “Take the child!” A dozen +willing hands were stretched out to take it, and then to help him into +the boat; but he shook them off. Only for a moment he held on, asking: +“What became of Murdoch?” and when they said that he was dead, he let go +his hold, saying: “Let me go”; and the last that they saw of him was +swimming back towards the ship. He had no lifebelt; he had evidently no +wish that there should be any gruesome resurrection of his body from the +sea, and undoubtedly he found his grave where he wished to find it, +somewhere hard by the grave of his ship. + +The irony of chance, the merciless and illogical selection which death +makes in a great collective disaster, was exemplified over and over +again in the deaths of people who had escaped safely to a boat, and the +salvation of others who were involved in the very centre of destruction. +The strangest escape of all was probably that of Colonel Gracie of the +United States army, who jumped from the topmost deck of the ship when +she sank and was sucked down with her. He was drawn down for a long +while, and whirled round and round, and would have been drawn down to a +depth from which he could never have come up alive if it had not been +for the explosion which took place after the ship sank. “After sinking +with the ship,” he says, “it appeared to me as if I was propelled by +some great force through the water. This may have been caused by +explosions under the waters, and I remembered fearful stories of people +being boiled to death. Innumerable thoughts of a personal nature, having +relation to mental telepathy, flashed through my brain. I thought of +those at home, as if my spirit might go to them to say good-bye. Again +and again I prayed for deliverance, although I felt sure that the end +had come. I had the greatest difficulty in holding my breath until I +came to the surface. I knew that once I inhaled, the water would +suffocate me. I struck out with all my strength for the surface. I got +to the air again after a time that seemed to me unending. There was +nothing in sight save the ocean strewn with great masses of wreckage, +dying men and women all about me, groaning and crying piteously. I saw +wreckage everywhere, and what came within reach I clung to. I moved from +one piece to another until I reached the collapsible boat. She soon +became so full that it seemed as if she would sink if more came on board +her. We had to refuse to let any others climb on board. This was the +most pathetic and horrible scene of all. The piteous cries of those +around us ring in my ears, and I will remember them to my dying day. +‘Hold on to what you have, old boy,’ we shouted to each man who tried +to get on board. ‘One more of you would sink us all.’ Many of those whom +we refused answered, as they went to their death, ‘Good luck; God bless +you.’ All the time we were buoyed up and sustained by the hope of +rescue. We saw lights in all directions—particularly some green lights +which, as we learned later, were rockets burned by one of the +_Titanic’s_ boats. So we passed the night with the waves washing over +and burying our raft deep in the water.” + +It was twenty minutes past two when the _Titanic_ sank, two hours and +forty minutes after she had struck the iceberg; and for two hours after +that the boats drifted all round and about, some of them in bunches of +three or four, others solitary. Almost every kind of suffering was +endured in them, although, after the mental horrors of the preceding +hour, physical sufferings were scarcely felt. Some of the boats had +hardly anyone but women in them; in many the stokers and stewards were +quite useless at the oars. But here and there, in that sorrowful, +horror-stricken company, heroism lifted its head and human nature took +heart again. Women took their turn at the oars in boats where the men +were either too few or incapable of rowing; and one woman notably, the +Countess of Rothes, practically took command of her boat and was at an +oar all the time. Where they were rowing to most of them did not know. +They had seen lights at the time the ship went down, and some of them +made for these; but they soon disappeared, and probably most of the +boats were following each other aimlessly, led by one boat in which some +green flares were found, which acted as a beacon for which the others +made. One man had a pocket electric lamp, which he flashed now and +then, a little ray of hope and guidance shining across those dark and +miserable waters. Not all of the boats had food and water on board. Many +women were only in their night-clothes, some of the men in evening +dress; everyone was bitterly cold, although, fortunately, there was no +wind and no sea. + +The stars paled in the sky; the darkness became a little lighter; the +gray daylight began to come. Out of the surrounding gloom a wider and +wider area of sea became visible, with here and there a boat discernible +on it, and here and there some fragments of wreckage. By this time the +boats had rowed away from the dreadful region, and but few floating +bodies were visible. The waves rose and fell, smooth as oil, first gray +in colour, and then, as the light increased, the pure dark blue of +mid-ocean. The eastern sky began to grow red under the cloud bank, and +from red to orange, and from orange to gold, the lovely pageantry of an +Atlantic dawn began to unfold itself before the aching eyes that had +been gazing on prodigies and horrors. From out that well of light in the +sky came rays that painted the wave-backs first with rose, and then with +saffron, and then with pure gold. And in the first flush of that blessed +and comforting light the draggled and weary sufferers saw, first a speck +far to the south, then a smudge of cloud, and then the red and black +smoke-stack of a steamer that meant succour and safety for them. + + + + +XV + + +From every quarter of the ocean, summoned by the miracle of the wireless +voice, many ships had been racing since midnight to the help of the +doomed liner. From midnight onwards captains were being called by +messages from the wireless operators of their ships, telling them that +the _Titanic_ was asking for help; courses were being altered and chief +engineers called upon to urge their stokehold crews to special efforts; +for coal means steam, and steam means speed, and speed may mean life. +Many ships that could receive the strong electric impulses sent out from +the _Titanic_ had not electric strength enough to answer; but they +turned and came to that invisible spot represented by a few figures +which the faithful wireless indicated. Even as far as five hundred miles +away, the _Parisian_ turned in her tracks in obedience to the call and +came racing towards the north-west. But there were tragedies even with +the wireless. The Leyland liner _Californian_, bound for Boston, was +only seventeen miles away from the _Titanic_ when she struck, and could +have saved every soul on board; but her wireless apparatus was not +working, and she was deaf to the agonized calls that were being sent out +from only a few miles away. The _Parisian_, five hundred miles away, +could hear and come, though it was useless; the _Californian_ could not +hear and so did not come though, if she had, she would probably have +saved every life on board. The _Cincinnati_, the _Amerika_, the _Prinz +Friedrich Wilhelm_, the _Menominee_, the _La Provence_, the _Prinz +Adalbert_, the _Virginian_, the _Olympic_, and the _Baltic_ all heard +the news and all turned towards Lat. 41° 46′ N., Long. 50° 14′ W. The +dread news was being whispered all over the sea, and even ashore, just +as the dwellers on the North Atlantic seaboard were retiring to rest, +the station at Cape Race intercepted the talk of the _Titanic_ 270 miles +away, and flashed the message out far and wide; so that Government tugs +and ships with steam up in harbours, and everything afloat in the +vicinity which heard the news might hurry to the rescue. Cape Race soon +heard that the _Virginian_ was on her way to the _Titanic’s_ position, +then that the _Olympic_ and _Carpathia_ had altered their courses and +were making for the wounded ship, and so on. Throughout the night the +rumours in the air were busy, while still the steady calls came out in +firm electric waves from the _Titanic_—still calling, still flashing +“C.Q.D.” At 1.20 she whispered to the _Olympic_, “Get your boats ready; +going down fast by the head.” At 1.35 the _Frankfurt_ (after an hour and +a half’s delay) said, “We are starting for you.” Then at 1.41 came a +message to the _Olympic_, “C.Q.D., boilers flooded.” + +“Are there any boats round you already?” asked the _Olympic_, but there +was no answer. + +Other ships began to call, giving encouraging messages: “We are coming,” +said the _Birma_, “only fifty miles away”; but still there was no +answer. + +All over the North Atlantic men in lighted instrument rooms sat +listening with the telephones at their ears; they heard each other’s +questions and waited in the silence, but it was never broken again by +the voice from the _Titanic_. “All quiet now,” reported the _Birma_ to +the _Olympic_, and all quiet it was, except for the thrashing and +pounding of a score of propellers, and the hiss of a dozen steel stems +as they ripped the smooth waters on courses converging to the spot where +the wireless voice had suddenly flickered out into silence. + +But of all those who had been listening to the signals Captain Rostron +of the _Carpathia_ knew that his ship would most likely be among the +first to reach the spot. It was about midnight on Sunday that the +passengers of the _Carpathia_ first became aware that something unusual +was happening. The course had been changed and a certain hurrying about +on the decks took the place of the usual midnight quiet. The trembling +and vibration increased to a quick jumping movement as pressure of steam +was gradually increased and the engines urged to the extreme of their +driving capacity. The chief steward summoned his staff and set them to +work making sandwiches and preparing hot drinks. All the hot water was +cut off from the cabins and bath-rooms, so that every ounce of steam +could be utilized for driving the machinery. + +The _Carpathia_ was nearly seventy miles from the position of the +_Titanic_ when she changed her course and turned northward; she had been +steaming just over four hours when, in the light of that wonderful dawn, +those on the look-out descried a small boat. As they drew nearer they +saw other boats, and fragments of wreckage, and masses of ice drifting +about the sea. Captain Rostron stopped while he was still a good +distance from the boats, realizing that preparations must be made before +he could take passengers on board. The accommodation gangway was rigged +and also rope ladders lowered over the sides, and canvas slings were +arranged to hoist up those who were too feeble to climb. The passengers +crowded along the rail or looked out of their portholes to see the +reaping of this strange harvest of the sea. The first boat came up +almost filled with women and children—women in evening dress or in fur +coats thrown over nightgowns, in silk stockings and slippers, in rags +and shawls. The babies were crying; some of the women were injured and +some half-fainting; all had horror on their faces. Other boats began to +come up, and the work of embarking the seven hundred survivors went on. +It took a long time, for some of the boats were far away, and it was not +until they had been seven hours afloat that the last of them were taken +on board the _Carpathia_. Some climbed up the ladders, others were put +into the slings and swung on board, stewards standing by with rum and +brandy to revive the fainting; and many willing hands were occupied +with caring for the sufferers, taking them at once to improvised couches +and beds, or conducting those who were not so exhausted to the saloon +where hot drinks and food were ready. But it was a ghastly company. As +boat after boat came up, those who had already been saved eagerly +searched among its occupants to see if their own friends were among +them; and as gradually the tale of boats was completed and it was known +that no more had been saved, and the terrible magnitude of the loss was +realized—then, in the words of one of the _Carpathia’s_ people, “Bedlam +broke loose.” Women who had borne themselves bravely throughout the +hours of waiting and exposure broke into shrieking hysterics, calling +upon the names of their lost. Some went clean out of their minds; one or +two died there in the very moment of rescue. The _Carpathia’s_ +passengers gave up their rooms and ransacked their trunks to find +clothing for the more than half-naked survivors; and at last exhaustion, +resignation, and the doctor’s merciful drugs did the rest. The dead were +buried; those who had been snatched too late from the bitter waters were +committed to them again, and eternally, with solemn words; and the +_Carpathia_ was headed for New York. + + + + +XVI + + +The _Californian_ had come up while the _Carpathia_ was taking the +survivors on board, and it was arranged that she should remain and +search the vicinity while the _Carpathia_ made all haste to New York. +And the other ships that had answered the call for help either came up +later in the morning and stayed for a little cruising about in the +forlorn hope of finding more survivors, or else turned back and resumed +their voyages when they heard the _Carpathia’s_ tidings. + +In the meantime the shore stations could get no news. Word reached New +York and London in the course of the morning that the _Titanic_ had +struck an iceberg and was badly damaged, but nothing more was known +until a message, the origin of which could not be discovered, came to +say that the _Titanic_ was being towed to Halifax by the _Virginian_, +and that all her passengers were saved. With this news the London +evening papers came out on that Monday, and even on Tuesday the early +editions of the morning papers had the same story, and commented upon +the narrow escape of the huge ship. Even the White Star officials had on +Monday no definite news; and when their offices in New York were +besieged by newspaper men and relatives of the passengers demanding +information, the pathetic belief in the _Titanic’s_ strength was allowed +to overshadow anxieties concerning the greater disaster. Mr. Franklin, +the vice-president of the American Trust to which the White Star Company +belongs, issued the following statement from New York on Monday: + + “We have nothing direct from the _Titanic_, but are perfectly + satisfied that the vessel is unsinkable. The fact that the + Marconi messages have ceased means nothing; it may be due to + atmospheric conditions or the coming up of the ships, or + something of that sort. + + “We are not worried over the possible loss of the ship, as she + will not go down, but we are sorry for the inconvenience + caused to the travelling public. We are absolutely certain + that the _Titanic_ is able to withstand any damage. She may be + down by the head, but would float indefinitely in that + condition.” + +Still that same word, “unsinkable,” which had now indeed for the first +time become a true one: for it is only when she lies at the bottom of +the sea that any ship can be called unsinkable. On Tuesday morning when +the dreadful news was first certainly known, those proud words had to be +taken back. Again Mr. Franklin had to face the reporters, and this time +he could only say: + + “I must take upon myself the whole blame for that statement. I + made it, and I believed it when I made it. The accident to the + _Olympic_, when she collided with the cruiser _Hawke_, + convinced me that these ships, the _Olympic_ and _Titanic_, + were built like battleships, able to resist almost any kind of + accident, particularly a collision. I made the statement in + good faith, and upon me must rest the responsibility for + error, since the fact has proved that it was not a correct + description of the unfortunate _Titanic_.” + +And for three days while the _Carpathia_ was ploughing her way, now +slowly through ice-strewn seas, and now at full speed through open +water, and while England lay under the cloud of an unprecedented +disaster, New York was in a ferment of grief, excitement, and +indignation. Crowds thronged the streets outside the offices of the +White Star Line, while gradually, in lists of thirty or forty at a time, +the names of the survivors began to come through from the _Carpathia_. +And at last, when all the names had been spelled out, and interrogated, +and corrected, the grim total of the figures stood out in appalling +significance—seven hundred and three saved, one thousand five hundred +and three lost. + +It is not possible, nor would it be very profitable, to describe the +scenes that took place on these days of waiting, the alternations of +hope and grief, of thankfulness and wild despair, of which the shipping +offices were the scene. They culminated on the Thursday evening when +the _Carpathia_ arrived in New York. The greatest precautions had been +taken to prevent the insatiable thirst for news from turning that solemn +disembarkation into a battlefield. The entrance to the dock was +carefully guarded, and only those were admitted who had business there +or who could prove that they had relations among the rescued passengers. +Similar precautions were taken on the ship; she was not even boarded by +the Custom officials, nor were any reporters allowed on board, although +a fleet of steam launches went out in the cold rainy evening to meet +her, bearing pressmen who were prepared to run any risks to get a +footing on the ship. They failed, however, and the small craft were left +behind in the mist, as the _Carpathia_ came gliding up the Hudson. + +Among the waiting crowd were nurses, doctors, and a staff of ambulance +men and women; for all kinds of wild rumours were afloat as to the +condition of those who had been rescued. The women of New York had +devoted the days of waiting to the organization of a powerful relief +committee, and had collected money and clothing on an ample scale to +meet the needs of those, chiefly among the steerage passengers, who +should find themselves destitute when they landed. And there, in the +rain of that gloomy evening, they waited. + +At last they saw the _Carpathia_ come creeping up the river and head +towards the White Star pier. The flashlights of photographers were +playing about her, and with this silent salute she came into dock. +Gateways had been erected, shutting off the edge of the pier from the +sheds in which the crowd was waiting, and the first sight they had of +the rescued was when after the gangway had been rigged, and the brief +formalities of the shore complied with, the passengers began slowly to +come down the gangway. A famous English dramatist who was looking on at +the scene has written of it eloquently, describing the strange varieties +of bearing and demeanour; how one face had a startled, frightened look +that seemed as if it would always be there, another a set and staring +gaze; how one showed an angry, rebellious desperation, and another +seemed merely dazed. Some carried on stretchers, some supported by +nurses, and some handed down by members of the crew, they came, either +to meetings that were agonizing in their joy, or to blank loneliness +that would last until they died. Five or six babies without mothers, +some of them utterly unidentified and unidentifiable, were handed down +with the rest, so strangely preserved, in all their tenderness and +helplessness, through that terrible time of confusion and exposure. + +And in the minds of those who looked on at this sad procession there was +one tragic, recurrent thought: that for every one who came down the +gangway, ill perhaps, maimed perhaps, destitute perhaps, but alive and +on solid earth again, there were two either drifting in the slow Arctic +current, or lying in the great submarine valley to which the ship had +gone down. They were a poor remnant indeed of all that composite world +of pride, and strength, and riches; for Death winnows with a strange +fan, and although one would suit his purpose as well as another, he +often chooses the best and the strongest. There were card-sharpers, and +orphaned infants, and destitute consumptives among the saved; and there +were hundreds of heroes and strong men among the drowned. There were +among the saved those to whom death would have been no great enemy, who +had no love for life or ties to bind them to it; and there were those +among the drowned for whom life was at its very best and dearest; lovers +and workers in the very morning of life before whom the years had +stretched forward rich with promise. + +And when nearly all had gone and the crowd in the docks was melting +away, one man, who had until then remained secluded in the ship came +quietly out, haggard and stricken with woe: Bruce Ismay, the +representative and figure-head of that pride and power which had given +being to the _Titanic_. In a sense he bore on his own shoulders the +burden of every sufferer’s grief and loss; and he bore it, not with +shame, for he had no cause for shame, but with reticence of words and +activity in such alleviating deeds as were possible, and with a dignity +which was proof against even the bitter injustice of which he was the +victim in the days that followed. There was pity enough in New York, +hysterical pity, sentimental pity, real pity, practical pity, for all +the obvious and patent distress of the bereaved and destitute; but there +was no pity for this man who, of all that ragged remnant that walked +back to life down the _Carpathia’s_ gangway, had perhaps the most need +of pity. + + + + +XVII + + +The symbols of Honour and Glory and Time that looked so handsome in the +flooding sunlight of the _Titanic’s_ stairway lie crushed into +unrecognizable shapes and splinters beneath the tonnage of two thousand +fathoms of ocean water. Time is no more for the fifteen hundred souls +who perished with them; but Honour and Glory, by strange ways and +unlooked-for events, have come into their own. It was not Time, nor the +creatures and things of Time, that received their final crown there; but +things that have nothing to do with Time, qualities that, in their power +of rising beyond all human limitations, we must needs call divine. + +The _Titanic_ was in more senses than one a fool’s paradise. There is +nothing that man can build that nature cannot destroy, and far as he may +advance in might and knowledge and cunning, her blind strength will +always be more than his match. But men easily forget this; they wish to +forget it; and the beautiful and comfortable and agreeable equipment of +this ship helped them to forget it. You may cover the walls of a ship +with rare woods and upholster them with tapestries and brocades, but it +is the bare steel walls behind them on which you depend to keep out the +water; it is the strength of those walls, relatively to the strength of +such natural forces as may be arrayed against them, on which the safety +of the ship depends. If they are weaker than something which assails +them, the water must come in and the ship must sink. It was assumed too +readily that, in the case of the _Titanic_, these things could not +happen; it was assumed too readily that if in the extreme event they did +happen, the manifold appliances for saving life would be amply +sufficient for the security of the passengers. Thus they lived in a +serene confidence such as no ship’s company ever enjoyed before, or will +enjoy again for a long time to come. And there were gathered about them +almost all those accessories of material life which are necessary to the +paradise of fools, and are extremely agreeable to wiser men. + +It was this perfect serenity of their condition which made so poignant +the tragedy of their sudden meeting with death—that pale angel whom +every man knows that he must some day encounter, but whom most of us +hope to find at the end of some road a very long way off waiting for us +with comforting and soothing hands. We do not expect to meet him +suddenly turning the corner of the street, or in an environment of +refined and elegant conviviality, or in the midst of our noonday +activities, or at midnight on the high seas when we are dreaming on +feather pillows. But it was thus that those on the _Titanic_ encountered +him, waiting there in the ice and the starlight, arresting the ship’s +progress with his out-stretched arm, and standing by, waiting, while the +sense of his cold presence gradually sank like a frost into their +hearts. + +To say that all the men who died on the _Titanic_ were heroes would be +as absurd as to say that all who were saved were cowards. There were +heroes among both groups and cowards among both groups, as there must be +among any large number of men. It is the collective behaviour and the +general attitude towards disaster that is important at such a time; and +in this respect there is ample evidence that death scored no advantage +in the encounter, and that, though he took a spoil of bodies that had +been destined for him since the moment of their birth, he left the +hearts unconquered. In that last half-hour before the end, when every +one on the ship was under sentence of death, modern civilization went +through a severe test. By their bearing in that moment those fated men +and women had to determine whether, through the long years of peace and +increase of material comfort and withdrawal from contact with the cruder +elements of life, their race had deteriorated in courage and morale. It +is only by such great tests that we can determine how we stand in these +matters, and, as they periodically recur, measure our advance or +decline. And the human material there made the test a very severe one; +for there were people on the _Titanic_ who had so entrenched themselves +behind ramparts of wealth and influence as to have wellnigh forgotten +that, equally with the waif and the pauper, they were exposed to the +caprice of destiny; and who might have been forgiven if, in that awful +moment of realization, they had shown the white feather and given +themselves over to panic. But there is ample evidence that these men +stood the test equally as well as those whose occupation and training +made them familiar with the risks of the sea, to which they were +continually exposed, and through which they might reasonably expect to +come to just such an end. There was no theatrical heroism, no striking +of attitudes, or attempt to escape from the dread reality in any form of +spiritual hypnosis; they simply stood about the decks, smoking +cigarettes, talking to one another, and waiting for their hour to +strike. There is nothing so hard, nothing so entirely dignified, as to +be silent and quiet in the face of an approaching horror. + +That was one form of heroism, which will make the influence of this +thing deathless long after the memory of it has faded as completely from +the minds of men as sight or sign of it has faded from that area of +ocean where, two miles above the sunken ship, the rolling blue furrows +have smoothed away all trace of the struggles and agonies that +embittered it. But there was another heroism which must be regarded as +the final crown and glory of this catastrophe—not because it is +exceptional, for happily it is not, but because it continued and +confirmed a tradition of English sea life that should be a tingling +inspiration to everyone who has knowledge of it. The men who did the +work of the ship were no composite, highly drilled body like the men in +the navy who, isolated for months at a time and austerely disciplined, +are educated into an _esprit de corps_ and sense of responsibility that +make them willing, in moments of emergency, to sacrifice individual +safety to the honour of the ship and of the Service to which they +belong. These stokers, stewards, and seamen were the ordinary scratch +crew, signed on at Southampton for one round trip to New York and back; +most of them had never seen each other or their officers before; they +had none of the training or the securities afforded by a great national +service; they were simply—especially in the case of the stokers—men so +low in the community that they were able to live no pleasanter life than +that afforded by the stokehold of a ship—an inferno of darkness and +noise and commotion and insufferable heat—men whose experience of the +good things of life was half an hour’s breathing of the open sea air +between their spells of labour at the furnaces, or a drunken spree +ashore whence, after being poisoned by cheap drink and robbed by joyless +women of the fruits of their spell of labour, they are obliged to return +to it again to find the means for another debauch. Not the stuff out of +which one would expect an austere heroism to be evolved. Yet such are +the traditions of the sea, such is the power of those traditions and the +spirit of those who interpret them, that some of these men—not all, but +some—remained down in the _Titanic’s_ stokeholds long after she had +struck, and long after the water, pouring like a cataract through the +rent in her bottom and rising like a tide round the black holes where +they worked, had warned them that her doom, and probably theirs, was +sealed. + +In the engine-room were another group of heroes, men of a far higher +type, with fine intelligences, trained in all the subtleties and craft +of modern ships, men with education and imagination who could see in +their mind’s eye all the variations of horror that might await them. +These men also continued at their routine tasks in the engine room, +knowing perfectly well that no power on earth could save them, choosing +to stay there while there was work to be done for the common good, their +best hope being presently to be drowned instead of being boiled or +scalded to death. All through the ship, though in less awful +circumstances, the same spirit was being observed; men who had duties to +do went on doing them because they were the kind of men to whom in such +an hour it came more easily to perform than to shirk their duties. The +three ship’s boys spent the whole of that hour carrying provisions from +the store-room to the deck; the post-office employés worked in the +flooded mail-room below to save the mail-bags and carry them up to where +they might be taken off if there should be a chance; the purser and his +men brought up the ship’s books and money, against all possibility of +its being any use to do so, but because it was their duty at such a time +to do so; the stewards were busy to the end with their domestic, and the +officers with their executive, duties. In all this we have an example of +spontaneous discipline—for they had never been drilled in doing these +things, they only knew that they had to do them—such as no barrack-room +discipline in the world could match. In such moments all artificial +bonds are useless. It is what men are in themselves that determines +their conduct; and discipline and conduct like this are proofs, not of +the superiority of one race over another, but that in the core of human +nature itself there is an abiding sweetness and soundness that fear +cannot embitter nor death corrupt. + + * * * * * + +The twin gray horses are still at their work in Belfast Lough, and on +any summer morning you may see their white manes shining like gold as +they escort you in from the sunrise and the open sea to where the smoke +rises and the din resounds. + +For the iron forest has branched again, and its dreadful groves are +echoing anew to the clamour of the hammers and the drills. Another ship, +greater and stronger even than the lost one, is rising within the +cathedral scaffoldings; and the men who build her, companions of those +whom the _Titanic_ spilled into the sea, speak among themselves and say, +“this time we shall prevail.” + +_May 1912._ + + + + +A TABLE + +SHOWING THE LOSS OF LIFE ON THE _TITANIC_ + + + FIRST CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 173 58 115 34 + Women 144 139 5 97 + Children 5 5 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 322 202 120 63 + + + SECOND CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 160 13 147 8 + Women 93 78 15 84 + Children 24 24 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 277 115 162 42 + + + THIRD CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 454 55 399 12 + Women 179 98 81 55 + Children 76 23 53 30 + --- --- --- --- + Total 709 176 533 25 + + TOTAL PASSENGERS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 787 126 661 16 + Women 416 315 101 76 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- --- --- + Total 1308 493 815 38 + + + CREW + + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 875 189 686 22 + Women 23 21 2 91 + --- --- --- --- + Total 898 210 688 23 + + + TOTAL PASSENGERS AND CREW + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 1662 315 1347 19 + Women 439 336 103 77 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- ---- --- + Total 2206 703 1503 32 + + + + + CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + + +BY THE SAME AUTHOR + +CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY. + +With Frontispiece in colour by Norman Wilkinson. Portrait, Maps, +Illustrations, Appendices and a Note on the Navigation of Columbus’s +First Voyage by the Earl of Dunraven, K.P. Large Post 8vo, cloth, gilt. +7_s._ 6_d._ net. (Third Edition.) + +Mr. Henry Vignaud, late Secretary of the American Embassy and +distinguished historian of Columbus, says: + +“_In this book the hero who discovered the New World is shown for the +first time as a living man.... A more true and lively picture of the +great discoverer than is contained in any other work._” + +“Mr. Filson Young has done nothing better ... there is not a dull page +in the seven hundred. His descriptions of visible things, of streets and +hills, and seas and men, are vivid in his accustomed manner. His +narrative is rich and marching, yet sufficiently precise.... For the +modern taste there is really nothing about Columbus to compare with Mr. +Young’s for matter and style.”—_The Morning Post._ + +“If these volumes do not bring the figure of Columbus into closer +relation with the mind of the present generation, it must be because +people simply do not care to learn about anything that lies a few yards +beyond their own thresholds. Our hope, however, is better; and we +imagine that there will be a wide public for a narrative so fresh and +spirited. + +“Mr. Filson Young tells his story, without turning to the right hand or +to the left, in a free and fluent fashion.... Very vigorous too are the +passages dealing with his voyages, for Mr. Filson Young has drunk deep +of the spirit of the sea and nowhere writes so well as in his account of +the seafarer’s business in great waters.... The book abounds in +interludes of suggestive thought and clear, vigorous expression. But, +the book must be commended for the keen, eager spirit of its narrative +and the abounding interest of its romances. If all gleaners in the field +of history were as skilful as Mr. Young, we should not hear so much +about the dry-as-dust dullness of what ought to be always one of the +most fascinating forms of literary art.” + +Mr. W. L. Courtney in _The Daily Telegraph_. + +“Mr. Young has given us an estimate of the man which is attractive and +poetical. His account of the four voyages to the Indies is a romance of +the sea.... His book is a book of colour and the spirit of adventure. We +delight in that vision of his which shows to others the world and the +sea and the strange ‘Indias’ very much as Columbus saw them, with his +keen eyes, four centuries ago.”—_The Manchester Guardian._ + +“History clothed with a gracious humanity ... history that has reality +and life ... not a mere record of his acts, but a reconstruction of the +man who died four centuries ago, so that at the end of the book we feel +that we have known and spoken with Columbus.... Breathes interest from +every page.”—_The Daily Chronicle._ + +“He writes with charm, with colour, and with humour ... very readable +and eloquent.... We can give but a little quotation to show Mr. Young’s +eloquence, but we can assure the reader that he has many passages that +set one longing for the sea.”—Mr. John Masefield in _The Tribune._ + +“It is almost impossible to do justice to the splendour and romance of +these two finely produced volumes.... ‘Charity, truth, and justice,’ +that is the meed Columbus has from Mr. Filson Young, whose book—austere, +dignified, stately—forms by far the most striking and vivid portrait of +the hero in our language.”—_The Morning Leader._ + +“To write a new book on Columbus seems a daring project; so many folios +have already been dedicated to his life. Mr. Young has justified +himself; so many books on the Genoese sailor have been either +unexpectedly dull or painfully inaccurate. Mr. Young is neither; in a +style pleasant and lucid he has set before us with vigour the period and +the setting of these famous voyages. In his pages we can enter into the +feelings and aspirations of those Western seamen.”—_The Pall Mall +Gazette._ + +GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. 7, CARLTON ST. LONDON, S.W. + + + + + THE GRANT RICHARDS BOOKS + BEING A COMPLETE CATALOGUE + OF THE BOOKS PUBLISHED BY + GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. + 7 CARLTON STREET + LONDON, S.W. + 1912 + + +7 Carlton Street, London, S.W. + +=Ade, George.= + +— In Pastures New. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Androutsos, Chrestos.= + +— The Validity of English Ordinations. Translated and Edited by F. W. +Groves Campbell, LL.D. Crown 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. net. + +=Æschylus.= + +— The Agamemnon of Æschylus. Translated by Arthur Platt, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. +cloth, 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=Æsop.= + +— Æsop’s Fables. With many illustrations in colour and in black and +white by J. M. Condé. Medium 8vo. cloth, 5s. net. + +=Aflalo F. G.= + +— The Call of the Sea: A Prose Anthology. With End-papers in colour by +William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. +net. + +=Aix.= + +— The Adventures of a Nice Young Man. 6s. + +=Allen, Grant.= + +— Evolution in Italian Art. With an introduction by J. W. Cruickshank. +Illustrated. Pott 4to. cloth gilt, 10s. 6d. net. + +— Grant Allen’s Historical Guides. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. Each 3s. 6d. net. + Paris. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Florence. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Cities of Belgium. By Grant Allen. [_Third Edition._ + Venice. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fourth Edition._ + Cities of Northern Italy. By G. C. Williamson, D.L. [_Second + Edition._ + The Umbrian Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. + Classical Rome. By H. Stuart Jones. + Christian Rome. By J. W. Cruickshank. Illustrated. [_Second + Edition._ + Smaller Tuscan Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. [_In preparation._ + +— The Woman Who Did. New edition. With frontispiece by Frank Haviland. +3s. 6d. + +=Anon.= + +— A Babe Unborn. 6s. + +=Anonymous.= + +— The Future Prime Minister. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Applin, Arthur.= + +— The Children of the Gutter. 6s. + +— The Butcher of Bruton Street. With frontispiece in colour by Frank +Haviland. 6s. + +=Aristophanes.=—_See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Atkey, Bertram.= + +— Easy Money. With 36 Illustrations by G. L. Stampa. 6s. + +— Folk of the Wild: A Book of the Forests, the Moors and the Mountains, +of the Beasts of the Silent Places, their Lives, their Doings and their +Deaths. With 31 Illustrations by Harry Rountree. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Ault, Lena and Norman.= + +— The Podgy Book of Tales. With 16 Illustrations in Colour and over 100 +in black and white. Demy 16mo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Barrington, Rutland.= + +— Rutland Barrington: a Record of Thirty-five Years on the Stage. +Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +— More Rutland Barrington. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. +6d. net. + +=Barzini, Luigi.= + +— Pekin to Paris: An Account of Prince Borghese’s Journey across two +Continents in a Motor Car. With an Introduction by Prince Borghese. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +=Bates, Katherine L.= + +— From Gretna Green to Land’s End. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. +7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Bax, Ernest Belfort.= + +— The Last Episode of the French Revolution: Being a History of Gracchus +Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals. With Portrait. Cloth. Large +post 8vo. 5s. net. + +— The Roots of Reality: Being Suggestions for a Philosophical +Reconstruction. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +— Essays in Socialism. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. People’s Edition +with additional Essays. With cover design by Walter Crane. Demy 8vo. +Sewed. 6d. + +=Baxter, Richard.= + +— The Saints’ Everlasting Rest. Edited by the Rev. William Young. With +portrait. Large post 8vo. Half-leather. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Bedford, F. D.= + +— A Night of Wonders. Illustrated in Colours. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 3s. 6d. +net. + +=Bisgood, Mary.= + +— Powder and Jam. With 32 Illustrations in Colour. Crown 8vo. oblong. +Cloth. 2s. net. + +=Blake, William.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Blyth, James.= + +— The Same Clay. 6s.—Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Booth, Edward C.= + +— The Doctor’s Lass. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +— The Cliff End. Illustrated. 6s. [_Fourth Edition._ + +=Braithwaite, W. S.= + +— The Book of Georgian Verse. 1300 pages. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. +net. + +=Browne, Sir Thomas.= + +— Religio Medici, Urn Burial and an Essay on Dreams. With Frontispiece. +Pott 8vo. Leather gilt, 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Bruce, H. Addington.= + +— The Riddle of Personality. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Burgess, Gelett.= + +— The Heart Line. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burland, Harris.= + +— The Broken Law. Illustrated. 6s. + +— The Black Motor Car. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burroughs, D.= + +— Jack the Giant-killer, Junior. With 11 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Cain, Georges.= + +— Nooks and Corners of Old Paris. Translated by Frederick Lawton. +Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Caldbeck, Major Roper.= + +— The Nation and the Army. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=Campbell, F. W. Groves.= + +— Apollonius of Tyana. With an Introduction by Ernest Oldmeadow. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +— _See also under_ Androutsos, Chrestos. + +=Carmichael, Philip.= + +— The Man from the Moon. With 8 Illustrations in Colour and many in +Black-and-White by Frank Watkins. Pott 4to. Cloth. 6s. + +=Casson, Herbert N.= + +— The Romance of Steel: The Story of a Thousand Millionaires. +Illustrated. Medium 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6_d._ net. + +=Castle, Tudor Ralph.= + +— The Gentle Shepherd. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Cawein, Madison.= + +— New Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Half parchment. 5s. net. + +=CHAPBOOKS, THE.= Royal 32mo. Lambskin gilt, each 2s. 6d. net. + I. Lyrists of the Restoration. + II. Essays Moral and Polite. + III. The Poems of Herrick. + IV. Lyrics of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont & Fletcher. + +=Chatterton, Thomas.= _See under_ Russell, Charles Edward. + +=Chaucer, Geoffrey.= + +— The Canterbury Tales. Told by Percy Mackaye. With Illustrations in +Colour by W. Appleton Clark. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Chester, George Randolph.= + +— Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. 6s. + +=Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Consule Planco=: Being Reflections of an Etonian of that Period. Fcap. +8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Copping, Arthur E.= + +— Gotty and the Guv’nor: A True Narrative of Gotty’s Doings Ashore and +Afloat, with an Account of his Voyage of Discovery on a Shrimping Bawley +in the English Channel. With 24 Illustrations by Will Owen. 6s. [_Out of +print._ + +=Cornford, L. Cope.= + +— Parson Brand. 6s. + +— The Canker at the Heart: Being Studies in the Life of the Poor in the +Year of Grace 1905. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +— The Defenceless Islands: A Study of the Social and Industrial +Conditions of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Effect upon them of +an Outbreak of a Maritime War. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Cottingham, H.= + +— Business Success. Royal 16mo. Cloth, 1s. net. Sewed, 6d. net + +=Cruickshank, J. W.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Curties, Henry.= + +— Renée. 6s. + +=Dampier, Captain William.= + +— The Voyages of Captain William Dampier. Edited by John Masefield. +Illustrated. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net. Limited to 1000 copies. +[_Out of print._ + +=Danrit, Captain.= + +— The Sunken Submarine. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. [_In +preparation._ + +=Davidson, John.= + +— The Testament of John Davidson. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +— Fleet Street and other Poems. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +— Mammon and his Message. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +— The Triumph of Mammon. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +— The Theatrocrat: A Tragic Play of Church and Stage. Crown 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 5s. net. + +— Holiday and Other Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Davis, Colonel Newnham.= + +— The Gourmet’s Guide to Europe. Third Edition, revised. Fcap. 8vo. +Cloth. 5s. net. + +— The Gourmet’s Guide to London. [_In preparation._ + +=Dawson, A. J.= + +— The Message. 6s.—Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed 1s. net. [_Fourth +Edition._ + +— The Genteel A. B. With 4 Illustrations in Colour by W. Ralston. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +— Finn the Wolfhound. With 16 full-page and 36 other Illustrations by R. +H. Buxton. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +=Dawson, Mrs. Frederick.= — The Upper Hand. 6s. + +=Delacombe, Harry.= + +— The Boys’ Book of Airships. Fully Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. +6s. + +=De Windt, Harry.= + +— My Restless Life. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth, gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. + +=Dole, Nathan Haskell.= + +— The Russian Fairy Book. With Illustrations in Colour. Medium 8vo. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Douglas, James.= + +— The Unpardonable Sin. With Frontispiece in Colour by Frank Haviland. +6s. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Duncan, Stanley.= + +— The Complete Wild-fowler Ashore and Afloat. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +=Durand, R. A.= + +— Oxford: its Buildings and Gardens. With 32 Reproductions from Drawings +in Colour by W. A. Wildman. Large post 4to. Cloth gilt. 21s. net Edition +de luxe, limited to 100 copies, 42s. net. + +=Duret, Theodore.= + +— Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by J. E. Crawford +Flitch, M.A. Illustrated with Etchings and Wood Engravings, and with 32 +Reproductions in half-tone. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=ELIZABETHAN CLASSICS, THE.= + +— The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. The Famous Flowered +Contemporary Version of John Florio. With an Introduction by Thomas +Seccombe. Edition limited to 1150 numbered copies for sale in England +and America. With Portraits. 3 vols. Extra demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. 31s. +6d. net. + +=Enock, C. Reginald, F.R.G.S.= + +— The Great Pacific Coast. With 64 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +— An Imperial Commonwealth. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Flitch, J. E. Crawford, M.A.= + +— Mediterranean Moods: Footnotes of Travel in the Islands of Mallorca, +Menorca, Ibiza, and Sardinia. With Frontispiece in Colour and 32 +Illustrations in black and white. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Fyfe, H. C.= + +— Submarine Warfare: Past, Present, and Future. Illustrated. Second +Edition. Revised by John Leyland. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Galsworthy, John.= + +— A Commentary. 3s. 6d. + +=Garvey, Ina.= + +— A Comedy of Mammon. 6s. + +=Gibbs, Philip.= + +— The Individualist. 6s. + +=Godfrey, Elizabeth.= + +— Heidelberg: Its Princes and Its Palaces. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Godfrey-Faussett, Mabel.= + +— The Dual Heritage. 6s. + +=GRANT RICHARDS’S NURSERY LIBRARY.= + I. Peter Pixie. By A. Thorburn. Illustrated. Fcap. 16mo. Cloth. + 1s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Gretton, R. H.= + +— Ingram. 6s. + +=Grimm.= + +— Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Selected and retold by Githa Sowerby. With twelve +Illustrations in Colour, and many in black and white, by Millicent +Sowerby. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Hamilton, Clayton.= + +— The Theory of the Theatre. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +— Materials and Methods of Fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Hart, George Henry.=—_See under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Hart, W. C.= + +— Confessions of an Anarchist. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. +net. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Hawker, C. E.= + +— Chats about Wine. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Henland, Cecil.= + +— The Christmas Book: Lest We Forget. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. Cloth, 1s. net. +Leather, 2s. net. + +=Henshall, James A.= + +— Favourite Fish and Fishing. With 37 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net. + +=Her Brother’s Letters.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +=Hodder, Reginald.= _See under_ Turner, Edgar. + +=Housman, A. E.= + +— D. Junii Juvenalis Saturæ. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +— M. Manilii Astronomicon I. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +— A Shropshire Lad. New edition. With 8 Illustrations in Colour by +William Hyde. Large post 8vo. Buckram gilt, 6s. net. Persian yapp, gilt, +7s. 6d. net. Limited Edition on Arnold hand-made paper. Fcap. 8vo. cloth +gilt, 2s. 6d. net. Also in royal 32mo. Persian yapp, 1s. 6d. net. +Leather, 1s. net. Cloth, 6d. net. + +=Howden, J. R.= + +— The Boys’ Book of Railways. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. + +— The Boys’ Book of Steamships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +— The Boys’ Book of Locomotives. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +— The Boys’ Book of Warships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_In preparation._ + +=Hudson, C. B.= + +— The Crimson Conquest. 6s. + +=Hume, Major Martin.= + +— Queens of Old Spain. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +— Through Portugal. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Ibsen.= _See under_ Macfall, Haldane. + +=Irving, Washington.= + +— The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. With illustrations in colour by Arthur I. +Keller. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Jackson, Holbrook.= + +— Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. +net. + +— Bernard Shaw. Illustrated. Small crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. Cheap +edition, crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. + +— _See also under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Jarrott, Charles.= + +— Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Job, Herbert R.= + +— The Sport of Bird Study. Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Jones, P. F.= + +— Shamrock Land. With 48 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. +net. + +=Jones, Stuart H.=—_See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical Guides. + +=Kephart, Horace.= + +— The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. +4s. net. + +=Kerr, Joe.= + +— Mister Sharptooth. Illustrated in colour by R. H. Porteus. Crown 4to. +Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=‘Kottabos.’= + +— Echoes from Kottabos. Edited by R. Y. Tyrell, Litt.D., LL.D., and Sir +Edward Sullivan, Bart. Pott 4to. Half buckram gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out +of print._ + +=Lawton, Frederick.= + +— The Third French Republic. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ +6_d._ net. + +— Balzac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ 6_d._ net. + +— _See also under_ Cain, Georges, and Masters of Art Series. + +=Lawton, Lancelot.= + +— Empires of the Far East: A Study of Japan and its Possessions, of +China, Manchuria, and Korea, and of the Political Questions of Eastern +Asia and the Pacific. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, with Maps. +24_s._ net. [_In preparation._ + +— The Japanese Spy. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +=Leblanc, Maurice.= + +— Arsène Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. Translated by A. Teixeira de +Mattos. 6_s._ + +=Lee, Gerald Stanley.= + +— Inspired Millionaires: A Story of the Professional Point of View in +Business. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Lee, Vernon.=—_See under_ Omar Series, The. + +=Lefèvre, Félicité.= + +— The Cock, the Mouse, and the Little Red Hen. With 24 full-page +pictures in colour by Tony Sarg. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Le Gallienne, Richard.= + +— Omar Repentant. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 2s. net. + +=Level, Maurice.= + +— The Grip of Fear. 6s. + +=Leverson, Ada.= + +— The Limit. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +— Love’s Shadow. With frontispiece in Colour. 6s. + +— The Twelfth Hour. With Frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +=Longfellow.= + +— The Courtship of Miles Standish. Illustrated in colours by H. C. +Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +— Evangeline. Illustrated in colours by H. C. Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth +gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +— Hiawatha. With sixty-eight pictures in colour and in black-and-white +by Harrison Fisher. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=McCormick, Frederick.= + +— The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. With reproductions of drawings +by the author, photographs, and maps. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 21s. net. + +=McCutcheon, G. B.= + +— Jane Cable. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +— Nedra. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Macfall, Haldane.= + +— Ibsen: His Life, Art, and Significance. Illustrated by Joseph Simpson. +Imperial 16mo. 5s. net. + +=Machen, Arthur.= + +— The Hill of Dreams. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +— The House of Souls. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +=McLaren, Lady.= + +— The Women’s Charter of Rights and Liberties. Crown 8vo. Paper covers. +6d. net. + +=Malcolm, Ian.= + +— Indian Pictures and Problems. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. +6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Masefield, John.= + +— Multitude and Solitude. 6s. + +— Captain Margaret. 6s. + +— A Tarpaulin Muster. 3s. 6d. [_Out of print._ + +— The Tragedy of Nan, &c. Large post 8vo. Paper boards. 3s. 6d. net. +Cheap Edition. Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. net. [_Second Edition._ + +— _See also under_ Dampier, Captain William. + +=Mauzens, Frederic.= + +— The Living Strong Box. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Mason, Stuart.= _See under_ Wilde, Oscar. + +=Maxwell, Gerald.= + +— The Miracle Worker. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Meredith, George.= _See under_ Hammerton, J. A. + +=Moore, R. Hudson.= + +— Children of Other Days. Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth. 4s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Murray, Kate.= + +— The Blue Star. 6s. + +=MASTERS OF ART SERIES.= Illustrated. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3_s._ 6_d._ +net. Lambskin gilt, each 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + I. G. F. Watts: A Biography and an Estimate. By J. E. Phythian. + [_Third Edition._ + II. Rodin. By Fredk. Lawton. + III. Burne-Jones. By J. E. Phythian. + IV. Rossetti. By Frank Rutter. + V. Turner. By J. E. Phythian. + VI. Whistler. By Frank Rutter. + +=Montaigne, Michael Lord of.= _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, +The. + +=Napoleon.= + +— The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon’s Life in his own Words. Large post +8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Oldmeadow, Ernest.= + +— Portugal. With 32 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. +[_In preparation._ + +— Day. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. + +— Antonio. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +— Aunt Maud. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +— The Scoundrel. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +— Susan. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.—Cheap +Edition. Crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +— The North Sea Bubble: A Fantasia. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +— _See also under_ Temple of Fame, The. + +=Olmsted, Millicent.= + +— The Land of Never Was. With 12 illustrations in colour. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=OMAR SERIES, THE.=—Royal 32mo. persian yapp gilt, each 1s. 6d. net; +leather gilt, 1s. net; cloth gilt, 6d. net. + +— The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. + +— A Shropshire Lad. By A. E. Housman. + +— Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti. + +— The Song of Songs. + +— Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child. By Vernon Lee. + +— English Nature Poems: An Anthology. + +— In Memoriam. By Alfred Lord Tennyson. + +— Love Poems of Herrick: A Selection. + +— Everyman. A Morality Play. [_In preparation._ + +=Phythian, J. E.= + +— Fifty Years of Modern Painting: Corot to Sargent. Illustrated. Crown +8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +— _See also under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Purdie, Mrs.= + +— Letters from a Grandmother. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 2s. +6d. + +=Ravenhill, Alice, and Catherine J. Schiff.= + +— Household Administration: its Place in the Higher Education of Women. +Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=‘Rector and the Rubrics, The.’= By the Author of ‘When it was Light.’ +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Richards, Herbert, M.A.= + +— Platonica. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +— Aristophanes and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +— Notes on Xenophon and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Richardson, Frank.= + +— Love, and Extras. 6s. + +=Russell, Charles Edward.= + +— Thomas Chatterton: The Story of a Strange Life, 1752-1770. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Russell, G. W. E.= + +— A Pocketful of Sixpences: A Collection of Essays and Reminiscences. +Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +— Seeing and Hearing. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +— Some Threepenny Bits. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Rutter, Frank.= + +— _See under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Saleeby, C. W., M.D.= + +— Health, Strength and Happiness: a Book of Practical Advice. Crown 8vo. +Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Scarfoglio, Antonio.= + +— Round the World in a Motor-car. With over 70 illustrations. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt 15s. net. + +=Schiff, Catherine J.= _See under_ Ravenhill, Alice. + +=Scott, A. MacCallum.= + +— Through Finland to St. Petersburg. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. +6d. net. + +=Scott, John Reed.= + +— Beatrix of Clare. Illustrated. 6s. + +— The Colonel of the Red Huzzars. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Scott, Sir Walter.= + +— Sir Walter Scott. Letters Written by Members of his Family to an Old +Governess. With an Introduction and Notes by the Warden of Wadham +College. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Seccombe, Thomas.= + +— _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, The. + +=Sedgwick, S. N.= + +— The Last Persecution. 6s. + +=Shaw, Bernard.= _See under_ Jackson, Holbrook. + +=Shelley, H. C.= + +— Literary By-paths of Old England. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. +12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Smith, Miriam.= + +— Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Sickert, Robert.= + +— The Bird in Song. With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3s. 6d. +net. Lambskin, gilt, 3s. 6d. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Smith, Wellen.= + +— Psyche and Soma: A Drama. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Sowerby, Githa and Millicent.= + +— _See under_ Grimm’s Fairy Tales. + +=Sterling, Mary B.= + +— The Story of Sir Galahad. With 7 illustrations in colour by W. E. +Chapman. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Stone, John.= + +— Great Kleopatra: A Tragedy in Three Acts. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 3s. +6d. net. + +=Stonham, Charles, C.M.G., F.R.C.S.= + +— The Birds of the British Islands. With over 300 Photogravures by L. M. +Medland, F.Z.S. Complete in twenty parts. Royal 4to. 7s. 6d. net each. +Five volumes: Buckram gilt, 36s. net each. Half vellum, gilt, 42s. net +each. Half seal, gilt, 45s. net each. + +=Swan, Mark E.= + +— Top o’ the World. With 6 illustrations in colour and many in black and +white by Hy. Mayer. Pott 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=TEMPLE OF FAME, THE.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. Each 3s. 6d. +net. + I. Great Musicians. By Ernest Oldmeadow. + II. Great English Poets. By Julian Hill. + III. Great English Novelists. By Holbrook Jackson. + IV. Great English Painters. By Francis Downman. + V. Great Soldiers. By George Henry Hart. + +=Thomas, Edward.= + +— The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air. With End-papers +in Colour by William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=Thomas, Rose Haig.= + +— The Doll’s Diary. With 24 illustrations by John Hassall. Crown 4to. +5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Thorburn, A.= + +— _See under_ Grant Richards’s Nursery Library. + +=Thorne, Guy.= _See under_ Duncan, Stanley. + +=Troly-Curtin, Marthé.= + +— Phrynette and London. 6s. [_Third Edition._ + +=Troubetskoy, Prince Pierre.= + +— The Passer-By. 6s. + +=Tweedale, Rev. C. L.= + +— Man’s Survival after Death. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Tyler, Royall.= + +— Spain: A Study of her Life and Arts. With 130 Illustrations in +half-tone. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net [_Out of print._ + +=Trafford-Taunton, Winefride.= + +— Igdrasil 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Turner, Edgar, and Reginald Hodder.= + +— The Armada Gold. 6s. + +=Vance, Louis J.= + +— The Bronze Bell. 6s. + +— The Black Bag. Illustrated. 6s. + +— The Brass Bowl. Illustrated. 6s. + +— The Private War. Illustrated. 6s. + +— Terence O’Rourke. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +— The Pool of Flame. 6s. + +— Marrying Money. 6s. + +=VENETIAN SERIES, THE.= Crown 16mo. Bound in cloth or in Venetian paper. +6d. net each. + I. A Cypress Grove. By William Drummond of Hawthornden. + II. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. By William Blake. + III. The Ancient Mariner. By Samuel Taylor Coleridge. + +=Verne, Jules.= + +— The Chase of the Golden Meteor. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +5s. + +=Waistcoat Pocket Guides, The= With Plans. Royal 64mo. Limp Cloth. 1s. 6d. +net. + +I. Paris. By Leonard Williams. + +=Waters, W. G.= + +— Traveller’s Joy: An Anthology. With End-papers in colour by William +Hyde. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net. [_Second +Edition._ + +=Webb, Wilfred Mark.= + +— The Heritage of Dress: Being Notes on the History and Evolution of +Clothes. With over 150 Illustrations by W. J. Webb. Medium 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 15s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Weitenkampf, Frank.= + +— How to Appreciate Prints. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Williamson, G. C.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Withers, Percy, M.B., B.S.= + +— Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. With 32 Reproductions from Photographs. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +— A Garland of Childhood. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=White, W. Holt.= + +— The Earthquake: A Romance of London. 6s. Cheap Edition, crown 8vo. +sewed, 1s. net. + +=Whitelock, W. Wallace.= + +— When Kings go Forth to Battle. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Williams, E. Baumer.= + +— England’s Story for Children. With Illustrations in Colour and +Black-and-White by Norman Ault. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Williams, Leonard.= _See under_ Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + +=Wilson, W. Lawler.= + +— The Menace of Socialism. With Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s. net. + +=Wood, Montagu.= + +— A Tangled I. 6s. + +=Wright, W. P.= + +— The Garden Week by Week throughout the Year. With 100 practical +illustrations, and many others in colour and in black and white. Large +post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +— The Perfect Garden: How to Keep it Beautiful and Fruitful, with +Practical Hints on Economical Management and the Culture of all the +Principal Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. With six illustrations in +Colour and many in black and white. Large post 8vo. 6s. net [_Third +Edition._ + +— Popular Garden Flowers. With six illustrations in Colour and many in +black and white. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Wyndham, Horace.= + +— Roses and Rue. 6s. + +— The Flare of the Footlights. Cheap edition, 1s. net. + +— Audrey the Actress. With frontispiece. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Xenophon.= _See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Young, Filson.= + +— Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery. Illustrated. +With a Chapter by the Earl of Dunraven. Two vols. Demy 8vo. Buckram +gilt. 25s. net. [_Out of print._ + +— Venus and Cupid: An Impression in Prose after Velasquez in Colour. +Edition limited to 339 copies for sale in Great Britain; printed on +Arnold Hand-made paper, with a Photogravure Reproduction of the Rokeby +Venus. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net. Also 11 copies on Japanese vellum at £2 +2s. net (of which 3 remain). + +— The Sands of Pleasure. With frontispiece in colour by R. J. Pannett. +6s. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. sewed, with cover design by R. J. Pannett, +1s. net. [_Seventy-fifth Thousand._ + +— When the Tide Turns. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +— The Wagner Stories. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. +net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +— Mastersingers. New Edition. Revised and Enlarged. With portrait. Large +post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +— More Mastersingers. With frontispiece. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or +cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +— Memory Harbour: Essays chiefly in Description. Imperial 16mo. Buckram +gilt. 5s. net. + +— Ireland at the Cross Roads. New Edition. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. +6d. net. + +— The Happy Motorist: An Introduction to the Use and Enjoyment of the +Motor Car. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +— The Lover’s Hours. Fcap. 4to. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Young, Rev. William.= _See under_ Baxter, Richard. + + + + + +INDEX OF PRICES + + +=£11 5s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.) Half seal gilt. + + +=£10 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Half vellum gilt. + + +=£9 net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Buckram gilt. + + +=£7 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (in Twenty Parts). + + +=£2 2s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + Venus and Cupid. Jap. Vellum. + + +=£1 11s. 6d. net.= + The Essays of Michael Lord of Montaigne. (Three Vols.) + + +=£1 5s. net.= + Christopher Columbus (Two Vols.) + Voyages of Captain William Dampier (Two Vols.). + + +=£1 4s. net.= + Empires of the Far East. (Two Vols.) + + +=£1 1s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. (Two Vols.) + + +=16s. net.= + The Great Pacific Coast. + Pekin to Paris. + + +=15s. net.= + Round the World in a Motor Car. + The Complete Wild-fowler. + Queens of Old Spain. + + +=12s. 6d. net.= + Mediterranean Moods. + Manet and the French Impressionists. + The Third French Republic. + Balzac. + Venus and Cupid. + Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. + + +=10s. 6d. net.= + Evolution in Italian Art. + Shamrock Land. + Portugal. + The Romance of Steel. + + +=7s. 6d. net.= + More Rutland Barrington. + The Corsican. + My Restless Life. + A Shropshire Lad (yapp). + Thomas Chatterton. + Hiawatha. + The Saints’ Everlasting Rest. + Submarine Warfare. + + +=7s. net.= + Aristophanes and Others. + Platonica. + + +=6s. net.= + The Menace of Socialism. + Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. + Health, Strength, and Happiness. + A Shropshire Lad (buckram). + Grimm’s Fairy Tales. + Garden Week by Week. + The Book of Georgian Verse. + Finn the Wolfhound. + Man’s Survival after Death. + Notes on Xenophon and Others. + The Perfect Garden. + Popular Garden Flowers. + + +=6s.= + Ingram. + Day. + Love, and Extras. + Phrynette and London. + Marrying Money. + The Doctor’s Lass. + Adventures of a Nice Young Man. + The Children of the Gutter. + Easy Money. + The Man from the Moon. + A Babe Unborn. + Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. + Renée. + The Upper Hand. + The Boys’ Book of Airships. + The Boys’ Book of Railways. + The Boys’ Book of Steamships. + The Boy’s Book of Locomotives. + The Boys’ Book of Warships. + The Crimson Conquest. + Arsène Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. + The Grip of Fear. + The Limit. + The Living Strong Box. + Multitude and Solitude. + Antonio. + The Last Persecution. + The Passer-By. + The Bronze Bell. + The Cliff End. + The Heart Line. + The Dual Heritage. + The Individualist. + The Japanese Spy. + Love’s Shadow. + Captain Margaret. + Aunt Maud. + Beatrix of Clare. + The Armada Gold. + The Black Bag. + When Kings go forth to Battle. + Roses and Rue. + When the Tide Turns. + The Scoundrel. + The Unpardonable Sin. + The Genteel A. B. + The Brass Bowl. + The Sands of Pleasure. + Susan. + The Message. + The Twelfth Hour. + The Hill of Dreams. + The House of Souls. + The Blue Star. + The Miracle Worker. + The Private War. + The Broken Law. + The Earthquake. + Parson Brand. + The Same Clay. + The Pool of Flame. + The Black Motor Car. + A Tangled I. + In Pastures New. + The Butcher of Bruton Street. + A Comedy of Mammon. + + +=5s. net.= + More Mastersingers. + The Last Episode of the French Revolution. + The Theory of the Theatre. + Household Administration. + A Garland of Childhood. + Æsop’s Fables. + The Riddle of Personality. + Cawein’s New Poems. + Fleet Street and other Poems. + Materials and Methods of Fiction. + The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. + The Story of Sir Galahad. + Memory Harbour. + The Call of the Sea (persian yapp). + Bernard Shaw. + The Wagner Stories (leather and cloth). + Mastersingers (leather and cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (persian yapp). + Traveller’s Joy (persian yapp.) + Mammon and his Message. + The Triumph of Mammon. + The Theatrocrat. + Essays in Socialism. + Ibsen. + The Gourmet’s Guide to Europe. + + +=5s.= + The Sunken Submarine. + The Chase of the Golden Meteor. + + +=4s. 6d. net.= + D. Junii Juvenalis Saturæ. + M. Manilii Astronomicon I. + + +=4s. net.= + The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. + The Call of the Sea (cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (cloth). + Traveller’s Joy (cloth). + + +=3s. 6d. net.= + Great Kleopatra. + Romance and Reality. + An Imperial Commonwealth. + Inspired Millionaires. + Fifty Years of Modern Painting. + Apollonius of Tyana. + The Validity of English Ordinations. + Jack the Giant Killer, Junior. + Testament of John Davidson. + Favourite Fish and Fishing. + The Tragedy of Nan. + The Land of Never Was. + Top o’ the World. + England’s Story for Children. + Great Musicians. + Great English Poets. + Great English Novelists. + Great English Painters. + Great Soldiers. + Her Brother’s Letters. + Ireland at the Cross Roads. + Grant Allen’s Historical Guides. + Holiday and Other Poems. + The Happy Motorist. + The Canker at the Heart. + Psyche and Soma. + A Night of Wonders. + The Bird in Song (leather). + + +=3s. 6d.= + A Commentary. + The Woman Who Did. + + +=3s. net.= + Burne-Jones (leather). + Rodin (leather). + G. F. Watts (leather). + Rossetti (leather). + Turner (leather). + Whistler (leather). + Religio Medici (leather). + + +=2s. 6d. net.= + The Nation and the Army. + The Agamemnon of Æschylus. + Mister Sharptooth. + Consule Planco. + Poems by Miriam Smith. + Through Finland. + The Lover’s Hours. + The Chapbooks (leather). + Through Portugal. + The Defenceless Islands. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + A Shropshire Lad (hand-made paper). + The Future Prime Minister. + Chats about Wine. + + +=2s. 6d.= + Letters from a Grandmother. + + +=2s. net.= + Powder and Jam. + Omar Repentant. + Burne-Jones (cloth). + Rodin (cloth). + G. F. Watts (cloth). + Rossetti (cloth). + Turner (cloth). + Whistler (cloth). + The Bird in Song (cloth). + The Christmas Book (leather). + Religio Medici (cloth). + + +=1s. 6d. net.= + The Tragedy of Nan (sewed). + Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (Persian yapp). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (Persian yapp). + The Song of Songs (persian yapp). + Sister Benvenuta (persian yapp). + A Shropshire Lad (persian yapp). + English Nature Poems (persian yapp). + In Memoriam (persian yapp). + Love Poems of Herrick (persian yapp). + Everyman (persian yapp). + + +=1s. net.= + The Unpardonable Sin. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + Susan (sewed). + Flare of the Footlights (sewed). + The Sands of Pleasure (sewed). + The Same Clay (sewed). + Business Success (cloth). + The Message (sewed). + Bernard Shaw (sewed). + The Rector and the Rubrics. + The Earthquake (sewed). + Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (leather). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (leather). + The Song of Songs (leather). + Sister Benvenuta (leather). + A Shropshire Lad (leather). + English Nature Poems (leather). + In Memoriam (leather). + Love Poems of Herrick (leather). + Everyman (leather). + The Christmas Book (cloth). + + +=6d. net.= + Business Success (sewed). + Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (cloth). + The Song of Songs (cloth). + The Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (cloth). + Sister Benvenuta (cloth). + A Shropshire Lad (cloth). + English Nature Poems (cloth). + In Memoriam (cloth). + Love Poems of Herrick (cloth). + Everyman (cloth). + The Venetian Series. + The Woman’s Charter of Rights and Liberties. + + +=6d.= + Essays in Socialism. + + +_London: Strangeways, Printers._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + +***** This file should be named 31992-0.txt or 31992-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/9/31992/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/31992-0.zip b/31992-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..28a5f04 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-0.zip diff --git a/31992-8.txt b/31992-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76d7124 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4719 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Titanic + +Author: Filson Young + +Release Date: April 15, 2010 [EBook #31992] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +TITANIC + + +_BY FILSON YOUNG_ + + CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY + _Illustrated. Large Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MEMORY HARBOUR + ESSAYS CHIEFLY IN DESCRIPTION + _Crown 8vo. 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + VENUS AND CUPID + AN IMPRESSION IN PROSE AFTER VELASQUEZ IN COLOUR + Edition limited to 339 copies + _With Frontispiece. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE SANDS OF PLEASURE + _With Frontispiece by_ R. J. PANNETT + _Seventy-fourth Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + WHEN THE TIDE TURNS + _With Frontispiece by_ W. DACRES ADAMS + _Twenty-second Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + IRELAND AT THE CROSS ROADS + _Second Edition. Crown 8vo._ + _Cloth, 3s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MASTERSINGERS + _Fifth Edition. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + MORE MASTERSINGERS + STUDIES IN THE ART OF MUSIC + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE WAGNER STORIES + _Seventh Impression. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + OPERA STORIES + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE LOVER'S HOURS + A CYCLE OF POEMS + _Fcp. 4to. 2s. 6d. net._ + + + + +[Illustration: 41 16' N; 50 14' W.] + + + + + TITANIC + + BY + + FILSON YOUNG + + [Illustration] + + LONDON + GRANT RICHARDS LTD. + 1912 + + CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + _I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely + proportion. + His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. + One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. + They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they + cannot be sundered. + Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. + Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. + His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. + The flakes of his flesh are joined together; they are firm in + themselves; they cannot be moved. + He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the sea like a pot + of ointment. + He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be + hoary. + Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. + He beholdeth all high things; he is a king over all the children of + pride._ + + Job, xli. + + + + +I + + +If you enter Belfast Harbour early in the morning on the mail steamer +from Fleetwood you will see far ahead of you a smudge of smoke. At first +it is nothing but the apex of a great triangle formed by the heights on +one side, the green wooded shores on the other, and the horizon astern. +As you go on the triangle becomes narrower, the blue waters smoother, +and the ship glides on in a triangle of her own--a triangle of white foam +that is parallel to the green triangle of the shore. Behind you the +Copeland Lighthouse keeps guard over the sunrise and the tumbling surges +of the Channel, before you is the cloud of smoke that joins the +narrowing shores like a gray canopy; and there is no sound but the rush +of foam past the ship's side. + +You seem to be making straight for a gray mud flat; but as you approach +you see a narrow lane of water opening in the mud and shingle. Two low +banks, like the banks of a canal, thrust out their ends into the waters +of the lough; and presently, her speed reduced to dead slow, the ship +enters between these low mud banks, which are called the Twin Islands. +So narrow is the lane that as she enters the water rises on the shingle +banks and flows in waves on either side of her like two gray horses with +white manes that canter slowly along, a solemn escort, until the channel +between the islands is passed. Day and night, winter and summer, these +two gray horses are always waiting; no ship ever surprises them asleep; +no ship enters but they rise up and shake their manes and accompany her +with their flowing, cantering motion along the confines of their +territory. And when you have passed the gates that they guard you are in +Belfast Harbour, in still and muddy water that smells of the land and +not of the sea; for you seem already to be far from the things of the +sea. + +As you have entered the narrow channel a new sound, also far different +from the liquid sounds of the sea, falls on your ear; at first a low +sonorous murmuring like the sound of bees in a giant hive, that rises to +a ringing continuous music--the multitudinous clamour of thousands of +blows of metal on metal. And turning to look whence the sound arises you +seem indeed to have left the last of the things of the sea behind you; +for on your left, on the flattest of the mud flats, arises a veritable +forest of iron; a leafless forest, of thousands upon thousands of bare +rusty trunks and branches that tower higher than any forest trees in our +land, and look like the ruins of some giant grove submerged by the sea +in the brown autumn of its life, stripped of its leaves and laid bare +again, the dead and rusty remnants of a forest. There is nothing with +any broad or continuous surface--only thousands and thousands of iron +branches with the gray sky and the smoke showing through them +everywhere, giant cobwebs hanging between earth and the sky, intricate, +meaningless networks of trunks and branches and sticks and twigs of +iron. + +But as you glide nearer still you see that the forest is not lifeless, +nor its branches deserted. From the bottom to the topmost boughs it is +crowded with a life that at first seems like that of mites in the +interstices of some rotting fabric, and then like birds crowding the +branches of the leafless forest, and finally appears as a multitude of +pigmy men swarming and toiling amid the skeleton iron structures that +are as vast as cathedrals and seem as frail as gossamer. It is from them +that the clamour arises, the clamour that seemed so gentle and musical a +mile away, and that now, as you come closer, grows strident and +deafening. Of all the sounds produced by man's labour in the world this +sound of a great shipbuilding yard is the most painful. Only the +harshest materials and the harshest actions are engaged in producing it: +iron struck upon iron, or steel smitten upon steel, or steel upon iron, +or iron upon steel--that and nothing else, day in, day out, year in and +year out, a million times a minute. It is an endless, continuous +birth-agony, that should herald the appearance of some giant soul. And +great indeed should be the overture to such an agony; for it is here +that of fire and steel, and the sweat and pain of millions of hours of +strong men's labour, were born those two giant children that were +destined by man finally to conquer the sea. + +In this awful womb the _Titanic_ took shape. For months and months in +that monstrous iron enclosure there was nothing that had the faintest +likeness to a ship; only something that might have been the iron +scaffolding for the naves of half-a-dozen cathedrals laid end to end. +Far away, furnaces were smelting thousands and thousands of tons of raw +material that finally came to this place in the form of great girders +and vast lumps of metal, huge framings, hundreds of miles of stays and +rods and straps of steel, thousands of plates, not one of which twenty +men could lift unaided; millions of rivets and bolts--all the heaviest +and most sinkable things in the world. And still nothing in the shape +of a ship that could float upon the sea. The seasons followed each +other, the sun rose now behind the heights of Carrickfergus and now +behind the Copeland Islands; daily the ships came in from fighting with +the boisterous seas, and the two gray horses cantered beside them as +they slid between the islands; daily the endless uproar went on, and the +tangle of metal beneath the cathedral scaffolding grew denser. A great +road of steel, nearly a quarter of a mile long, was laid at last--a road +so heavy and so enduring that it might have been built for the triumphal +progress of some giant railway train. Men said that this roadway was the +keel of a ship; but you could not look at it and believe them. + +The scaffolding grew higher; and as it grew the iron branches multiplied +and grew with it, higher and higher towards the sky, until it seemed as +though man were rearing a temple which would express all he knew of +grandeur and sublimity, and all he knew of solidity and +permanence--something that should endure there, rooted to the soil of +Queen's Island for ever. The uproar and the agony increased. In quiet +studios and offices clear brains were busy with drawings and +calculations and subtle elaborate mathematical processes, sifting and +applying the tabulated results of years of experience. The drawings came +in time to the place of uproar; were magnified and subdivided and taken +into grimy workshops; and steam-hammers and steam-saws smote and ripped +at the brute metal, to shape it in accordance with the shapes on the +paper. And still the ships, big and little, came nosing in from the high +seas--little dusty colliers from the Tyne, and battered schooners from +the coast, and timber ships from the Baltic, and trim mail steamers, +and giants of the ocean creeping in wounded for succour--all solemnly +received by the twin gray horses and escorted to their stations in the +harbour. But the greatest giant of all that came in, which dwarfed +everything else visible to the eye, was itself dwarfed to insignificance +by the great cathedral building on the island. + +The seasons passed; the creatures who wrought and clambered among the +iron branches, and sang their endless song of labour there, felt the +steel chill beneath the frosts of winter, and burning hot beneath the +sun's rays in summer, until at last the skeleton within the scaffolding +began to take a shape, at the sight of which men held their breaths. It +was the shape of a ship, a ship so monstrous and unthinkable that it +towered high over the buildings and dwarfed the very mountains beside +the water. It seemed like some impious blasphemy that man should fashion +this most monstrous and ponderable of all his creations into the +likeness of a thing that could float upon the yielding waters. And still +the arms swung and the hammers rang, the thunder and din continued, and +the gray horses shook their manes and cantered along beneath the shadow, +and led the little ships in from the sea and out again as though no +miracle were about to happen. + +A little more than its own length of water lay between the iron forest +and the opposite shore, in which to loose this tremendous structure from +its foundations and slide it into the sea. The thought that it should +ever be moved from its place, except by an earthquake, was a thought +that the mind could not conceive, nor could anyone looking at it accept +the possibility that by any method this vast tonnage of metal could be +borne upon the surface of the waters. Yet, like an evil dream, as it +took the shape of a giant ship, all the properties of a ship began to +appear and increase in hideous exaggeration. A rudder as big as a giant +elm tree, bosses and bearings of propellers the size of a +windmill--everything was on a nightmare scale; and underneath the iron +foundations of the cathedral floor men were laying on concrete beds +pavements of oak and great cradles of timber and iron, and sliding ways +of pitch pine to support the bulk of the monster when she was moved, +every square inch of the pavement surface bearing a weight of more than +two tons. Twenty tons of tallow were spread upon the ways, and hydraulic +rams and triggers built and fixed against the bulk of the ship so that, +when the moment came, the waters she was to conquer should thrust her +finally from earth. + +And the time did come. The branching forest became clothed and thick +with leaves of steel. Within the scaffoldings now towered the walls of +the cathedral, and what had been a network of girders and cantilevers +and gantries and bridges became a building with floors, a ship with +decks. The skeleton ribs became covered with skins of wood, the metal +decks clothed with planks smooth as a ball-room floor. What had been a +building of iron became a town, with miles of streets and hundreds of +separate houses and buildings in it. The streets were laid out; the +houses were decorated and furnished with luxuries such as no palace ever +knew. + +And then, while men held their breath, the whole thing moved, moved +bodily, obedient to the tap of the imprisoned waters in the ram. There +was no christening ceremony such as celebrates the launching of lesser +ships. Only the waters themselves dared to give the impulse that should +set this monster afloat. The waters touched the cradle, and the cradle +moved on the ways, carrying the ship down towards the waters. And when +the cradle stopped the ship moved on; slowly at first, then with a +movement that grew quicker until it increased to the speed of a +fast-trotting horse, touching the waters, dipping into them, cleaving +them, forcing them asunder in waves and ripples that fled astonished to +the surrounding shores; finally resting and floating upon them, while +thousands of the pigmy men who had roosted in the bare iron branches, +who had raised the hideous clamour amid which the giant was born, +greeted their handiwork, dropped their tools, and raised their hoarse +voices in a cheer. + +The miracle had happened. And the day came when the two gray horses +were summoned to their greatest task; when, with necks proudly arched +and their white manes flung higher than ever, they escorted the +_Titanic_ between the islands out to sea. + + + + +II + + +At noon on Wednesday, 10th April 1912, the _Titanic_ started from +Southampton on her maiden voyage. Small enough was her experience of the +sea before that day. Many hands had handled her; many tugs had fussed +about her, pulling and pushing her this way and that as she was +manoeuvred in the waters of Belfast Lough and taken out to the entrance +to smell the sea. There she had been swung and her compasses adjusted. +Three or four hours had sufficed for her trial trip, and she had first +felt her own power in the Irish Sea, when all her new machinery working +together, at first with a certain reserve and diffidence, had tested and +tried its various functions, and she had come down through St. George's +Channel and round by the Lizard, and past the Eddystone and up the +Solent to Southampton Water, feeling a little hustled and strange, no +doubt, but finding this business of ploughing the seas surprisingly easy +after all. And now, on the day of sailing, amid the cheers of a crowd +unusually vast even for Southampton Docks, the largest ship in the world +slid away from the deep-water jetty to begin her sea life in earnest. + +In the first few minutes her giant powers made themselves felt. As she +was slowly gathering way she passed the liner _New York_, another ocean +monarch, which was lying like a rock moored by seven great hawsers of +iron and steel. As the _Titanic_ passed, some mysterious compelling +influence of the water displaced by her vast bulk drew the _New York_ +towards her; snapped one by one the great steel hawsers and pulled the +liner from the quayside as though she had been a cork. Not until she was +within fifteen feet of the _Titanic_, when a collision seemed imminent, +did the ever-present tugs lay hold of her and haul her back to +captivity. + +Even to the most experienced traveller the first few hours on a new ship +are very confusing; in the case of a ship like this, containing the +population of a village, they are bewildering. So the eight hours spent +by the _Titanic_ in crossing from Southampton to Cherbourg would be +spent by most of her passengers in taking their bearings, trying to find +their way about and looking into all the wonders of which the voyage +made them free. There were luxuries enough in the second class, and +comforts enough in the third to make the ship a wonder on that account +alone; but it was the first-class passengers, used as they were to all +the extravagant luxuries of modern civilized life, on whom the +discoveries of that first day of sun and wind in the Channel must have +come with the greatest surprise. They had heard the ship described as a +floating hotel; but as they began to explore her they must have found +that she contained resources of a perfection unattained by any hotel, +and luxuries of a kind unknown in palaces. The beauties of French +chateaux and of English country-houses of the great period had been +dexterously combined with that supreme form of comfort which the modern +English and Americans have raised to the dignity of a fine art. Such a +palace as a great artist, a great epicure, a great poet and the most +spoilt and pampered woman in the world might have conjured up from their +imagination in an idle hour was here materialized and set, not in a +fixed landscape of park and woodland, but on the dustless road of the +sea, with the sunshine of an English April pouring in on every side, and +the fresh salt airs of the Channel filling every corner with tonic +oxygen. + +Catalogues of marvels and mere descriptions of wonders are tiresome +reading, and produce little effect on the mind; yet if we are to realize +the full significance of this story of the _Titanic_, we must begin as +her passengers began, with an impression of the lavish luxury and beauty +which was the setting of life on board. And we can do no better than +follow in imagination the footsteps of one ideal voyager as he must have +discovered, piece by piece, the wonders of this floating pleasure house. + +If he was a wise traveller he would have climbed to the highest point +available as the ship passed down the Solent, and that would be the +boat-deck, which was afterwards to be the stage of so tragic a drama. +At the forward end of it was the bridge--that sacred area paved with +snow-white gratings and furnished with many brightly-polished +instruments. Here were telephones to all the vital parts of the ship, +telegraphs to the engine room and to the fo'c'stle head and +after-bridge; revolving switches for closing the water-tight doors in +case of emergency; speaking-tubes, electric switches for operating the +foghorns and sirens--all the nerves, in fact, necessary to convey +impulses from this brain of the ship to her various members. Behind the +bridge on either side were the doors leading to the officers' quarters; +behind them again, the Marconi room--a mysterious temple full of +glittering machines of brass, vulcanite, glass, and platinum, with +straggling wires and rows of switches and fuse boxes, and a high priest, +young, clean-shaven, alert and intelligent, sitting with a telephone +cap over his head, sending out or receiving the whispers of the ether. +Behind this opened the grand staircase, an imposing sweep of decoration +in the Early English style, with plain and solid panelling relieved here +and there with lovely specimens of deep and elaborate carving in the +manner of Grinling Gibbons; the work of the two greatest wood-carvers in +England. Aft of this again the white pathway of the deck led by the +doors and windows of the gymnasium, where the athletes might keep in +fine condition; and beyond that the white roof above ended and the rest +was deck-space open to the sun and the air, and perhaps also to the +smoke and smuts of the four vast funnels that towered in buff and black +into the sky--each so vast that it would have served as a tunnel for a +railway train. + +But the ship has gathered way, and is sliding along past the Needles, +where the little white lighthouse looks so paltry beside the towering +cliff. The Channel air is keen, and the bugles are sounding for lunch; +and our traveller goes down the staircase, noticing perhaps, as he +passes, the great clock with its figures which symbolize Honour and +Glory crowning Time. Honour and Glory must have felt just a little +restive as, having crowned one o'clock, they looked down from Time upon +the throng of people descending the staircase to lunch. There were a few +there who had earned, and many who had received, the honour and glory +represented by extreme wealth; but the two figures stooping over the +clock may have felt that Success crowning Opportunity would have been a +symbol more befitting the first-class passengers of the _Titanic_. +Perhaps they looked more kindly as one white-haired old man passed +beneath--W. T. Stead, that untiring old warrior and fierce campaigner in +peaceful causes, who in fields where honour and glory were to be found +sought always for the true and not the false. There were many kinds of +men there--not every kind, for it is not every man who can pay from fifty +to eight hundred guineas for a four days' journey; but most kinds of men +and women who can afford to do that were represented there. + +Our solitary traveller, going down the winding staircase, does not pause +on the first floor, for that leads forward to private apartments, and +aft to a writing-room and library; nor on the second or third, for the +entrance-halls there lead to state-rooms; but on the fourth floor down +he steps out into a reception room extending to the full width of the +ship and of almost as great a length. Nothing of the sea's restrictions +or discomforts here! Before him is an Aubusson tapestry, copied from +one of the "Chasses de Guise" series of the National Garde-Meuble; and +in this wide apartment there is a sense, not of the cramping necessities +of the sea, but of all the leisured and spacious life of the land. +Through this luxurious emptiness the imposing dignities of the +dining-saloon are reached; and here indeed all the insolent splendour of +the ship is centred. It was by far the largest room that had ever +floated upon the seas, and by far the largest room that had ever moved +from one place to another. The seventeenth-century style of Hatfield and +Haddon Hall had been translated from the sombreness of oak to the +lightness of enamelled white. Artist-plasterers had moulded the lovely +Jacobean ceiling, artist-stainers had designed and made the great +painted windows through which the bright sea-sunlight was filtered; and +when the whole company of three hundred was seated at the tables it +seemed not much more than half full, since more than half as many again +could find places there without the least crowding. There, amid the +strains of gay music and the hum of conversation and the subdued clatter +of silver and china and the low throb of the engines, the gay company +takes its first meal on the _Titanic_. And as our traveller sits there +solitary, he remembers that this is not all, that in another great +saloon farther off another three hundred passengers of the second-class +are also at lunch, and that on the floor below him another seven hundred +of the third-class, and in various other places near a thousand of the +crew, are also having their meal. All a little oppressive to read about, +perhaps, but wonderful to contrive and arrange. It is what everyone is +thinking and talking about who sits at those luxurious tables, loaded +not with sea-fare, but with dainty and perishable provisions for which +half the countries of the world have been laid under tribute. + +The music flows on and the smooth service accomplishes itself; Honour +and Glory, high up under the wrought-iron dome of the staircase, are +crowning another hour of Time; and our traveller comes up into the fresh +air again in order to assure himself that he is really at sea. The +electric lift whisks him up four storeys to the deck again; there all +around him are the blue-gray waters of the Channel surging in a white +commotion past the towering sides of the ship, spurned by the tremendous +rush and momentum of these fifty thousand tons through the sea. This +time our traveller stops short of the boat-deck, and begins to explore +the far vaster B deck which, sheltered throughout its great length by +the boat-deck above, and free from all impediments, extends like a vast +white roadway on either side of the central deck. Here the busy deck +stewards are arranging chairs in the places that will be occupied by +them throughout the voyage. Here, as on the parade of a fashionable +park, people are taking their walks in the afternoon sunshine. + +From the staircase forward the deck houses are devoted to apartments +which are still by force of habit called cabins, but which have nothing +in fact to distinguish them from the most luxurious habitations ashore, +except that no dust ever enters them and that the air is always fresh +from the open spaces of the sea. They are not for the solitary +traveller; but our friend perhaps is curious and peeps in through an +uncurtained window. There is a complete habitation with bed-rooms, +sitting-room, bath-room and service-room complete. They breathe an +atmosphere of more than mechanical luxury, more than material +pleasures. Twin bedsteads, perfect examples of Empire or Louis Seize, +symbolize the romance to which the most extravagant luxury in the world +is but a minister. Instead of ports there are windows--windows that look +straight out on to the blue sea, as might the windows of a castle on a +cliff. Instead of stoves or radiators there are open grates, where fires +of sea-coal are burning brightly. Every suite is in a different style, +and each and all are designed and furnished by artists; and the love and +repose of millionaires can be celebrated in surroundings of Adam or +Hepplewhite, or Louis Quatorze or the Empire, according to their tastes. +And for the hire of each of these theatres the millionaire must pay some +two hundred guineas a day, with the privilege of being quite alone, cut +off from the common herd who are only paying perhaps five-and-twenty +pounds a day, and with the privilege, if he chooses, of seeing nothing +at all that has to do with a ship, not even the sea. + +For there is one thing that the designers of this sea-palace seem to +have forgotten and seem to be a little ashamed of--and that is the sea +itself. There it lies, an eternal prospect beyond these curtained +windows, by far the most lovely and wonderful thing visible; but it +seems to be forgotten there. True, there is a smoke-room at the after +extremity of the deck below this, whose windows look out into a great +verandah sheeted in with glass from which you cannot help looking upon +the sea. But in order to counteract as much as possible that austere and +lovely reminder of where we are, trellis-work has been raised within the +glass, and great rose-trees spread and wander all over it, reminding you +by their crimson blossoms of the earth and the land, and the scented +shelter of gardens that are far from the boisterous stress of the sea. +No spray ever drifts in at these heights, no froth or spume can ever in +the wildest storms beat upon this verandah. Here, too, as almost +everywhere else on the ship, you can, if you will, forget the sea. + + + + +III + + +The first afternoon at sea seems long: every face is strange, and it +seems as though in so vast a crowd none will ever become familiar, +although one of the miracles of sea-life is the way in which the blurred +crowd resolves itself into individual units, each of which has its +character and significance. And if we are really to know and understand +and not merely to hear with our ears the tale of what happened to the +greatest ship in the world, we must first prepare and soak our minds in +her atmosphere, and take in imagination that very voyage which began so +happily on this April day. At the end of the afternoon came the coast of +France, and Cherbourg--a sunset memory of a long breakwater, a distant +cliff crowned with a white building, a fussing of tugs and hasty +transference of passengers and mails; and finally the lighthouse showing +a golden star against the sunset, when the great ship's head was turned +to the red west, and the muffled and murmuring song of the engines was +taken up again. Perhaps our traveller, bent upon more discoveries, dined +that night not in the saloon, but in the restaurant, and, following the +illuminated electric signs that pointed the way along the numerous +streets and roads of the ship, found his way aft to the Caf-Restaurant; +where instead of stewards were French waiters and a _matre d'hotel_ +from Paris, and all the perfection of that perfect and expensive service +which condescends to give you a meal for something under a five-pound +note; where, surrounded by Louis Seize panelling of fawn-coloured +walnut, you may on this April evening eat your plovers' eggs and +strawberries, and drink your 1900 Clicquot, and that in perfect oblivion +of the surrounding sea. Afterwards, perhaps, a stroll on the deck amid +groups of people, not swathed in pea-jackets or oilskins, but attired as +though for the opera; and all the time, in an atmosphere golden with +light, and musical with low-talking voices and the yearning strains of a +waltz, driving five-and-twenty miles an hour westward, with the black +night and the sea all about us. And then to bed, not in a bunk in a +cabin but in a bedstead in a quiet room with a telephone through which +to speak to any one of two thousand people, and a message handed in +before you go to sleep that someone wrote in New York since you rose +from the dinner-table. + +The next morning the scene at Cherbourg was repeated, with the fair +green shores of Cork Harbour instead of the cliffs of France for its +setting; and then quietly, without fuss, in the early afternoon of +Thursday, out round the green point, beyond the headland, and the great +ship has steadied on her course and on the long sea-road at last. How +worn it is! How seamed and furrowed and printed with the track-lines of +journeys innumerable; how changing, and yet how unchanged--the road that +leads to Archangel or Sicily, to Ceylon or to the frozen Pole; the old +road that leads to the ruined gateways of Phoenicia, of Venice, of Tyre; +the new road that leads to new lives and new lands; the dustless road, +the long road that all must travel who in body or in spirit would really +discover a new world. And travel on it as you may for tens of thousands +of miles, you come back to it always with the same sense of expectation, +never wholly disappointed; and always with the same certainty that you +will find at the turn or corner of the road, either some new thing or +the renewal of something old. + +There is no human experience in which the phenomena of small varieties +within one large monotony are so clearly exemplified as in a sea-voyage. +The dreary beginnings of docks, of baggage, and soiled harbour water; +the quite hopeless confusion of strange faces--faces entirely collective, +comprising a mere crowd; the busy highway of the Channel, sunlit or dim +with mist or rain, or lighted and bright at night like the main street +of a city; the last outpost, the Lizard, with its high gray cliffs, +green-roofed, with tiny homesteads perched on the ridge; or Ushant, that +tall monitory tower upstanding on the melancholy misty flats; or the +solitary Fastnet, lonely, ultimate and watching--these form the familiar +overture to the subsequent isolation and vacancy of the long road +itself. There are the same day and night of disturbance, the vacant +places at table, the prone figures, swathed and motionless in +deck-chairs, the morning of brilliant sunshine, when the light that +streams into the cabins has a vernal strangeness and wonder for +town-dimmed eyes; the gradual emergence of new faces and doubtful +staggering back of the demoralized to the blessed freshness of the upper +air; the tentative formation of groups and experimental alliances, the +rapid disintegration of these and re-formation on entirely new lines; +and then that miracle of unending interest and wonder, that the faces +that were only the blurred material of a crowd begin one by one to +emerge from the background and detach themselves from the mass, to take +on identity, individuality, character, till what was a crowd of +uninteresting, unidentified humanity becomes a collection of individual +persons with whom one's destinies for the time are strangely and +unaccountably bound up; among whom one may have acquaintances, friends, +or perhaps enemies; who for the inside of a week are all one's world of +men and women. + +There are few alterative agents so powerful and sure in their working as +latitude and longitude; and as we slide across new degrees, habit, +association, custom, and ideas slip one by one imperceptibly away from +us; we come really into a new world, and if we had no hearts and no +memories we should soon become different people. But the heart lives its +own life, spinning gossamer threads that float away astern across time +and space, joining us invisibly to that which made and fashioned us, and +to which we hope to return. + + + + +IV + + +Wonderful, even for experienced travellers, is that first waking to a +day on which there shall be no sight of the shore, and the first of +several days of isolation in the world of a ship. There is a quality in +the morning sunshine at sea as it streams into the ship and is reflected +in the white paint and sparkling water of the bath-rooms, and in the +breeze that blows cool and pure along the corridors, that is like +nothing else. The company on the _Titanic_ woke up on Friday morning to +begin in earnest their four days of isolated life. Our traveller, who +has found out so many things about the ship, has not found out +everything yet; and he continues his explorations, with the advantage, +perhaps, of a special permit from the Captain or Chief Engineer to +explore other quarters of the floating city besides that in which he +lives. Let us, with him, try to form some general conception of the +internal arrangements of the ship. + +The great superstructure of decks amidships which catches the eye so +prominently in a picture or photograph, was but, in reality, a small +part, although the most luxurious part, of the vessel. Speaking roughly, +one might describe it as consisting of three decks, five hundred feet +long, devoted almost exclusively to the accommodation of first-class +passengers, with the exception of the officers' quarters (situated +immediately aft of the bridge on the top deck of all), and the +second-class smoking-room and library, at the after end of the +superstructure on the third and fourth decks. With these exceptions, in +this great four-storied building were situated all the most magnificent +and palatial accommodations of the ship. Immediately beneath it, +amidships, in the steadiest part of the vessel where any movement would +be least felt, was the first-class dining saloon, with the pantries and +kitchens immediately aft of it. Two decks below it were the third-class +dining saloons and kitchens; below them again, separated by a heavy +steel deck, were the boiler-rooms and coal bunkers, resting on the +cellular double bottom of the ship. Immediately aft of the boiler-rooms +came the two engine-rooms; the forward and larger one of the two +contained the reciprocating engines which drove the twin screws, and the +after one the turbine engine for driving the large centre propeller. + +Forward and aft of this centre part of the ship, which in reality +occupied about two-thirds of her whole length, were two smaller +sections, divided (again one speaks roughly) between second-class +accommodation, stores and cargo in the stern section, and third-class +berths, crew's quarters and cargo in the bow section. But although the +first-class accommodation was all amidships, and the second-class all +aft, that of the third-class was scattered about in such blank spaces as +could be found for it. Thus most of the berths were forward, immediately +behind the fo'c'stle, some were right aft; the dining-room was +amidships, and the smoke-room in the extreme stern, over the rudder; and +to enjoy a smoke or game of cards a third-class passenger who was +berthed forward would have to walk the whole length of the ship and back +again, a walk not far short of half a mile. This gives one an idea of +how much more the ship resembled a town than a house. A third-class +passenger did not walk from his bedroom to his parlour; he walked from +the house where he lived in the forward part of the ship to the club a +quarter of a mile away where he was to meet his friends. + +If, thinking of the _Titanic_ storming along westward across the +Atlantic, you could imagine her to be split in half from bow to stern so +that you could look, as one looks at the section of a hive, upon all her +manifold life thus suddenly laid bare, you would find in her a microcosm +of civilized society. Up on the top are the rulers, surrounded by the +rich and the luxurious, enjoying the best of everything; a little way +below them their servants and parasites, ministering not so much to +their necessities as to their luxuries; lower down still, at the very +base and foundation of all, the fierce and terrible labour of the +stokeholds, where the black slaves are shovelling and shovelling as +though for dear life, endlessly pouring coal into furnaces that devoured +it and yet ever demanded a new supply--horrible labour, joyless life; and +yet the labour that gives life and movement to the whole ship. Up above +are all the beautiful things, the pleasant things; down below are the +terrible and necessary things. Up above are the people who rest and +enjoy; down below the people who sweat and suffer. + +Consider too the whirl of life and multitude of human employments that +you would have found had you peered into this section of the ship that +we are supposing to have been laid bare. Honour and Glory, let us say, +have just crowned ten o'clock in the morning beneath the great dome of +glass and iron that covers the central staircase. Someone has just come +down and posted a notice on the board--a piece of wireless news of +something that happened in London last night. In one of the sunny +bed-rooms (for our section lays everything bare) someone is turning over +in bed again and telling a maid to shut out the sun. Eighty feet below +her the black slaves are working in a fiery pit; ten feet below them is +the green sea. A business-like-looking group have just settled down to +bridge in the first-class smoking-room. The sea does not exist for them, +nor the ship; the roses that bloom upon the trellis-work by the verandah +interest them no more than the pageant of white clouds which they could +see if they looked out of the wide windows. Down below the chief +steward, attended by his satellites, is visiting the stores and getting +from the store-keeper the necessaries for his day's catering. He has +plenty to draw from. In those cold chambers behind the engine-room are +gathered provisions which seem almost inexhaustible for any population; +for the imagination does not properly take in the meaning of such items +as a hundred thousand pounds of beef, thirty thousand fresh eggs, fifty +tons of potatoes, a thousand pounds of tea, twelve hundred quarts of +cream. In charge of the chief steward also, to be checked by him at the +end of each voyage, are the china and glass, the cutlery and plate of +the ship, amounting in all to some ninety thousand pieces. But there he +is, quietly at work with the store-keeper; and not far from him, in +another room or series of rooms, another official dealing with the +thousands upon thousands of pieces of linen for bed and table with which +the town is supplied. + +Everything is on a monstrous scale. The centre anchor, which it took a +team of sixteen great horses to drag on a wooden trolley, weighs over +fifteen tons; its cable will hold a dead weight of three hundred tons. +The very rudder, that mere slender and almost invisible appendage under +the counter, is eighty feet high and weighs a hundred tons. The men on +the look-out do not climb up the shrouds and ratlines in the old sea +fashion; the mast is hollow and contains a stairway; there is a door in +it from which they come out to take their place in the crow's nest. + +Are you weary of such statistics? They were among the things on which +men thought with pride on those sunny April days in the Atlantic. Man +can seldom think of himself apart from his environment, and the house +and place in which he lives are ever a preoccupation with all men. From +the clerk in his little jerry-built villa to the king in his castle, +what the house is, what it is built of, how it is equipped and adorned, +are matters of vital interest. And if that is true of land, where all +the webs of life are connected and intercrossed, how much more must it +be true when a man sets his house afloat upon the sea; detaches it from +all other houses and from the world, and literally commits himself to +it. This was the greatest sea town that had ever been built; these were +the first inhabitants of it; theirs were the first lives that were lived +in these lovely rooms; this was one of the greatest companies that had +ever been afloat together within the walls of one ship. No wonder they +were proud; no wonder they were preoccupied with the source of their +pride. + +But things stranger still to the life of the sea are happening in some +of the hundreds of cells which our giant section-knife has laid bare. An +orchestra is practising in one of them; in another, some one is catching +live trout from a pond; Post Office sorters are busy in another with +letters for every quarter of the western world; in a garage, +mechanicians are cleaning half a dozen motor-cars; the rippling tones of +a piano sound from a drawing-room where people are quietly reading in +deep velvet armchairs surrounded by books and hothouse flowers; in +another division people are diving and swimming in a great bath in water +deep enough to drown a tall man; in another an energetic game of squash +racquets is in progress; and in great open spaces, on which it is only +surprising that turf is not laid, people by hundreds are sunning +themselves and breathing the fresh air, utterly unconscious of all these +other activities on which we have been looking. For even here, as +elsewhere, half of the world does not know and does not care how the +other half lives. + +All this magnitude had been designed and adapted for the realization of +two chief ends--comfort and stability. We have perhaps heard enough +about the arrangements for comfort; but the more vital matter had +received no less anxious attention. Practically all of the space below +the water-line was occupied by the heaviest things in the ship--the +boilers, the engines, the coal bunkers and the cargo. And the +arrangement of her bulkheads, those tough steel walls that divide a +ship's hull into separate compartments, was such that her designers +believed that no possible accident short of an explosion in her boilers +could sink her. If she rammed any obstruction head on, her bows might +crumple up, but the steel walls stretching across her hull--and there +were fifteen of them--would prevent the damage spreading far enough aft +to sink her. If her broadside was rammed by another ship, and one or +even two of these compartments pierced, even then the rest would be +sufficient to hold her up at least for a day or two. These bulkheads +were constructed of heavy sheet steel, and extended from the very bottom +of the ship to a point well above the water-line. Necessarily there were +openings in them in order to make possible communication between the +different parts of the ship. These openings were the size of an ordinary +doorway and fitted with heavy steel doors--not hinged doors, but panels, +sliding closely in water-tight grooves on either side of the opening. +There were several ways of closing them; but once closed they offered a +resistance as solid as that of the bulkheads. + +The method of opening and closing them was one of the many marvels of +modern engineering. The heavy steel doors were held up above the +openings by a series of friction clutches. Up on the bridge were +switches connected with powerful electro-magnets at the side of the +bulkhead openings. The operation of the switches caused each magnet to +draw down a heavy weight which instantly released the friction clutches, +so that the doors would slide down in a second or two into their places, +a gong ringing at the same time to warn anyone who might be passing +through to get out of the way. The clutches could also be released by +hand. But if for any reason the electric machinery should fail, there +was a provision made for closing them automatically in case the ship +should be flooded with water. Down in the double bottom of the ship were +arranged a series of floats connected with each set of bulkhead doors. +In the event of water reaching the compartment below the doors, it would +raise the floats, which, in their turn, would release the clutches and +drop the doors. These great bulkheads were no new experiment; they had +been tried and proved. When the White Star liner _Suevic_ was wrecked a +few years ago off the Lizard, it was decided to divide the part of her +which was floating from the part which was embedded in the rocks; and +she was cut in two just forward of the main collision bulkhead, and the +larger half of her towed into port with no other protection from the sea +than this vast steel wall which, nevertheless, easily kept her afloat. +And numberless other ships have owed their lives to the resisting power +of these steel bulkheads and the quick operation of the sliding doors. + +As for the enormous weight that made for the _Titanic's_ stability, it +was, as I have said, contained chiefly in the boilers, machinery and +coal. The coal bunkers were like a lining running round the boilers, not +only at the sides of the ship, but also across her whole breadth, thus +increasing the solidity of the steel bulkheads; and when it is +remembered that her steam was supplied by twenty-nine boilers, each of +them the size of a large room, and fired by a hundred and fifty-nine +furnaces, the enormous weight of this part of the ship may be dimly +realized. + +There are two lives lived side by side on such a voyage, the life of the +passengers and the life of the ship. From a place high up on the +boat-deck our traveller can watch the progress of these two lives. The +passengers play games or walk about, or sit idling drowsily in deck +chairs, with their eyes straying constantly from the unheeded book to +the long horizon, or noting the trivial doings of other idlers. The +chatter of their voices, the sound of their games, the faint tinkle of +music floating up from the music-room are eloquent of one of these +double lives; there on the bridge is an expression of the other--the +bridge in all its spick-and-span sanctities, with the officers of the +watch in their trim uniform, the stolid quartermaster at the wheel, and +his equally stolid companion of the watch who dreams his four hours away +on the starboard side of the bridge almost as motionless as the bright +brass binnacles and standards, and the telegraphs that point +unchangeably down to Full Ahead.... + +The Officer of the watch has a sextant at his eye. One by one the +Captain, the Chief, the Second and the Fourth, all come silently up and +direct their sextants to the horizon. The quartermaster comes and +touches his cap: "Twelve o'clock, Sir." There is silence--a deep sunny +silence, broken only by the low tones of the Captain to the Chief: "What +have you got?" says the Captain. "Thirty," says the Chief, +"Twenty-nine," says the Third. There is another space of sunny silent +seconds; the Captain takes down his sextant. "Make it eight bells," he +says. Four double strokes resound from the bridge and are echoed from +the fo'c'stle head; and the great moment of the day, the moment that +means so much, is over. The officers retire with pencils and papers and +tables of logarithms; the clock on the staircase is put back, and the +day's run posted; from the deck float up the sounds of a waltz and +laughing voices; Time and the world flow on with us again. + + + + +V + + +For anything that the eye could see the _Titanic_, in all her strength +and splendour, was solitary on the ocean. From the highest of her decks +nothing could be seen but sea and sky, a vast circle of floor and dome +of which, for all her speed of five-and-twenty miles an hour, she +remained always the centre. But it was only to the sense of sight that +she seemed thus solitary. The North Atlantic, waste of waters though it +appears, is really a country crossed and divided by countless tracks as +familiar to the seaman as though they were roads marked by trees and +milestones. Latitude and longitude, which to a landsman seem mere +mathematical abstractions, represent to seamen thousands and thousands +of definite points which, in their relation to sun and stars and the +measured lapse of time, are each as familiar and as accessible as any +spot on a main road is to a landsman. The officer on the bridge may see +nothing through his glasses but clouds and waves, yet in his mind's eye +he sees not only his own position on the map, which he could fix +accurately within a quarter of a mile, but the movements of dozens of +other ships coming or going along the great highways. Each ship takes +its own road, but it is a road that passes through a certain known +territory; the great liners all know each other's movements and where or +when they are likely to meet. Many of such meetings are invisible; it is +called a meeting at sea if ships pass twenty or thirty miles away from +each other and far out of sight. + +For there are other senses besides that of sight which now pierce the +darkness and span the waste distances of the ocean. It is no voiceless +solitude through which the _Titanic_ goes on her way. It is full of +whispers, summonses, questions, narratives; full of information to the +listening ear. High up on the boat deck the little white house to which +the wires straggle down from the looped threads between the mastheads is +full of the voices of invisible ships that are coming and going beyond +the horizon. The wireless impulse is too delicate to be used to actuate +a needle like that of the ordinary telegraph; a little voice is given to +it, and with this it speaks to the operator who sits with the telephone +cap strapped over his ears; a whining, buzzing voice, speaking not in +words but in rhythms, corresponding to the dots and dashes made on +paper, out of which a whole alphabet has been evolved. And the wireless +is the greatest gossip in the world. It repeats everything it hears; it +tells the listener everyone else's business; it speaks to him of the +affairs of other people as well as his own. It is an ever-present +eavesdropper, and tells you what other people are saying to one another +in exactly the same voice in which they speak to you. When it is sending +your messages it shouts, splitting the air with crackling flashes of +forked blue fire; but when it has anything to say to you it whispers in +your ear in whining, insinuating confidence. And you must listen +attentively and with a mind concentrated on your own business if you are +to receive from it what concerns you, and reject what does not; for it +is not always the loudest whisper that is the most important. The +messages come from near and far, now like the rasp of a file in your +ear, and now in a thread of sound as fine as the whine of a mosquito; +and if the mosquito voice is the one that is speaking to you from far +away, you may often be interrupted by the loud and empty buzzing of one +nearer neighbour speaking to another and loudly interrupting the message +which concerns you. + +Listening to these voices in the Marconi room of the _Titanic_, and +controlling her articulation and hearing, were two young men, little +more than boys, but boys of a rare quality, children of the golden age +of electricity. Educated in an abstruse and delicate science, and loving +the sea for its largeness and adventure, they had come--Phillips at the +age of twenty-six, and Bride in the ripe maturity of twenty-one--to wield +for the _Titanic_ the electric forces of the ether, and to direct her +utterance and hearing on the ocean. And as they sat there that Friday +and Saturday they must have heard, as was their usual routine, all the +whispers of the ships for two hundred miles round them, their trained +faculties almost automatically rejecting the unessential, receiving and +attending to the essential. They heard talk of many things, talk in +fragments and in the strange rhythmic language that they had come to +know like a mother tongue; talk of cargoes, talk of money and business, +of transactions involving thousands of pounds; trivial talk of the +emotions, greetings and good wishes exchanged on the high seas; endless +figures of latitude and longitude--for a ship is an eternal egoist and +begins all her communications by an announcement of Who she is and Where +she is. Ships are chiefly interested in weather and cargo, and their +wireless talk on their own account is constantly of these things; but +most often of the weather. One ship may be pursuing her way under a calm +sky and in smooth waters, while two hundred miles away a neighbour may +be in the middle of a storm; and so the ships talk to one another of +the weather, and combine their forces against it, and, by altering +course a little, or rushing ahead, or hanging back, cheat and dodge +those malignant forces which are ever pursuing them. + +But in these April days there was nothing much to be said about the +weather. The winds and the storms were quiet here; they were busy +perhaps up in Labrador or furiously raging about Cape Horn, but they had +deserted for the time the North Atlantic, and all the ships ploughed +steadily on in sunshine and smooth seas. Here and there, however, a +whisper came to Phillips or Bride about something which, though not +exactly weather, was as deeply interesting to the journeying ships--ice. +Just a whisper, nothing more, listened to up there in the sunny Marconi +room, recorded, dealt with, and forgotten. "I have just come through +bad field-ice," whispers one ship; "April ice very far south," says +another; and Phillips taps out his "O.K., O.M.," which is a kind of +cockney Marconi for "All right, old man." And many other messages come +and go, of money and cargoes, and crops and the making of laws; but just +now and then a pin-prick of reminder between all these other topics +comes the word--ICE. + +April ice and April weed are two of the most lovely products of the +North Atlantic, but they are strangely opposite in their bearings on +human destiny. The lovely golden April weed that is gathered all round +the west coast of Ireland, and is burnt for indigo, keeps a whole +peasant population in food and clothing for the rest of the year; the +April ice, which comes drifting down on the Arctic current from the +glacier slopes of Labrador or the plateau of North Greenland, keeps the +seafaring population of the North Atlantic in doubt and anxiety +throughout the spring and summer. Lovely indeed are some of these +icebergs that glitter in the sun like fairy islands or the pinnacles of +Valhalla; and dreamy and gentle is their drifting movement as they come +down on the current by Newfoundland and round Cape Race, where, meeting +the east-going Gulf Stream, they are gradually melted and lost in the +waters of the Atlantic. Northward in the drift are often field-ice and +vast floes; the great detached bergs sail farther south into the +steamship tracks, and are what are most carefully looked for. This April +there was abundance of evidence that the field-ice had come farther +south than usual. The _Empress of Britain_, which passed the _Titanic_ +on Friday, reported an immense quantity of floating ice in the +neighbourhood of Cape Race. When she arrived in Liverpool it transpired +that, when three days out from Halifax, Nova Scotia, she encountered an +ice-field, a hundred miles in extent, with enormous bergs which appeared +to be joined to the ice-field, forming an immense white line, broken +with peaks and pinnacles on the horizon. The _Carmania_ and the +_Nicaragua_, which were going westward ahead of the _Titanic_, had both +become entangled in ice, and the _Nicaragua_ had sustained considerable +damage. And day by day, almost hour by hour, news was coming in from +other ships commenting on the unusual extent southward of the ice-field, +and on the unusual number of icebergs which they had encountered. No +doubt many of the passengers on the _Titanic_ were hoping that they +would meet with some; it is one of the chief interests of the North +Atlantic voyage in the spring and summer; and nothing is more lovely in +the bright sunshine of day than the sight of one of these giant islands, +with its mountain-peaks sparkling in the sun, and blue waves breaking on +its crystal shores; nothing more impressive than the thought, as one +looks at it, that high as its glittering towers and pinnacles may soar +towards heaven there is eight times as great a depth of ice extending +downwards into the dark sea. It is only at night, or when the waters are +covered with a thick fog produced by the contact of the ice with the +warmer water, that navigating officers, peering forward into the mist, +know how dreadful may be the presence of one of these sheeted monsters, +the ghostly highwaymen of the sea. + + + + +VI + + +Information like this, however, only concerned the little group of +executive officers who took their turns in tramping up and down the +white gratings of the bridge. It was all part of their routine; it was +what they expected to hear at this time of the year and in this part of +the ocean; there was nothing specially interesting to them in the gossip +of the wireless voices. Whatever they heard, we may be sure they did not +talk about it to the passengers. For there is one paramount rule +observed by the officers of passenger liners--and that is to make +everything as pleasant as possible for the passengers. If there is any +danger, they are the last to hear of it; if anything unpleasant happens +on board, such as an accident or a death, knowledge of it is kept from +as many of them as possible. Whatever may be happening, short of an +apparent and obvious extremity, it is the duty of the ship's company to +help the passenger to believe that he lives and moves and has his being +in a kind of Paradise, at the doors of which there are no lurking +dangers and in which happiness and pleasure are the first duties of +every inhabitant. + +And who were the people who composed the population of this journeying +town? Subsequent events made their names known to us--vast lists of names +filling columns of the newspapers; but to the majority they are names +and nothing else. Hardly anyone living knew more than a dozen of them +personally; and try as we may it is very hard to see them, as their +fellow voyagers must have seen them, as individual human beings with +recognizable faces and characters of their own. Of the three hundred odd +first-class passengers the majority were Americans--rich and prosperous +people, engaged for the most part in the simple occupation of buying +things as cheaply as possible, selling them as dearly as possible, and +trying to find some agreeable way of spending the difference on +themselves. Of the three hundred odd second-class passengers probably +the majority were English, many of them of the minor professional +classes and many going either to visit friends or to take up situations +in the western world. But the thousand odd steerage passengers +represented a kind of Babel of nationalities, all the world in little, +united by nothing except poverty and the fact that they were in a +transition stage of their existence, leaving behind them for the most +part a life of failure and hopelessness, and looking forward to a new +life of success and hope: Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans, +missionaries and heathen, Russians, Poles, Greeks, Roumanians, Germans, +Italians, Chinese, Finns, Spaniards, English, and French--with a strong +contingent of Irish, the inevitable link in that melancholy chain of +emigration that has united Ireland and America since the Famine. But +there were other differences, besides those of their condition and +geographical distribution on the ship, that divided its inhabitants. For +the first-class passengers the world was a very small place, about which +many of them were accustomed to hurry in an important way in the process +of spending and getting their money, taking an Atlantic liner as humbler +people take a tramcar, without giving much thought to it or laying +elaborate plans, running backwards and forwards across the Atlantic and +its dangers as children run across the road in front of a motor car. +They were going to America this week; they would probably come back next +week or the week after. They were the people for whom the _Titanic_ had +specially been designed; it was for them that all the luxuries had been +contrived, so that in their runnings backwards and forwards they should +not find the long days tedious or themselves divorced from the kind of +accompaniments to life which they had come to regard as necessities. + +But for the people in the steerage this was no hurrying trip between one +business office and another; no hasty holiday arranged to sandwich ten +thousand miles of ozone as a refresher between two business engagements. +This westward progress was for them part of the drift of their lives, +loosening them from their native soil to scatter and distribute them +over the New World, in the hope that in fresher soil and less crowded +conditions they would strike new roots and begin a new life. The road +they travelled was for most of them a road to be travelled once only, a +road they knew they would never retrace. For them almost exclusively was +reserved that strange sense of looking down over the stern of the ship +into the boiling commotion of the churned-up waters, the maelstrom of +snow under the counter merging into the pale green highway that lay +straight behind them to the horizon, and of knowing that it was a road +that divided them from home, a road that grew a mile longer with every +three minutes of their storming progress. Other ships would follow on +the road; other ships would turn and come again, and drive their way +straight back over the white foam to where, with a sudden plunging and +turning of screws in the green harbour water of home, the road had +begun. But they who looked back from the steerage quarters of the +_Titanic_ would not return; and they, alone of all the passengers on the +ship, knew it. + +And that is all we can know or imagine about them; but it is probably +more than most of the fortunate ones on the snowy upper decks cared to +know or imagine. Up there also there were distinctions; some of the +travellers there, for example, were so rich that they were conspicuous +for riches, even in a population like this--and I imagine that the +standard of wealth is higher in the first-class population of an +Atlantic liner than in any other group of people in the world. There +were four men there who represented between them the possession of some +seventy millions of money--John Jacob Astor, Isidore Straus, George D. +Widener, and Benjamin Guggenheim their names; and it was said that +there were twenty who represented a fortune of a hundred millions +between them--an interesting, though not an important, fact. But there +were people there conspicuous for other things than their wealth. There +was William T. Stead who, without any wealth at all, had in some +respects changed the thought and social destinies of England; there was +Francis Millet, a painter who had attained to eminence in America and +who had recently been head of the American Academy in Rome; there was an +eminent motorist, an eminent master of hounds, an eminent baseball +player, an eminent poloist; and there was Major Archibald Butt, the +satellite and right-hand man of Presidents, who had had a typical +American career as newspaper correspondent, secretary, soldier, +diplomatist, aide-de-camp, and novelist. There was Mr. Ismay, the most +important man on the ship, for as head of the White Star Line he was +practically her owner. He was accompanying her on her maiden voyage with +no other object than to find out wherein she was defective, so that her +younger sister might excel her. He may be said to have accomplished his +purpose; and of all the people who took this voyage he is probably the +only one who succeeded in what he set out to do. There was Mr. Andrews, +one of the designers of the _Titanic_, who had come to enjoy the triumph +of his giant child; and there were several others also, denizens of that +great forest of iron in Belfast Lough, who had seen her and known her +when she was a cathedral building within a scaffolding, the most solid +and immovable thing in their world. These, the friends and companions of +her infancy, had come too, we may suppose, to admire her in her moment +of success, as the nurses and humble attendants of some beautiful girl +will watch in a body her departure for the triumphs of her first ball. + +Of all this throng I had personal knowledge of only two; and yet the two +happened to be extremely typical. I knew John Jacob Astor a few years +ago in New York, when he sometimes seemed like a polite skeleton in his +own gay house; an able but superficially unprepossessing man, so rich +that it was almost impossible to know accurately anything about him--a +man, I should say, to whom money had been nothing but a handicap from +his earliest days. He was typical of this company because he was so +conspicuous and so unknown; for when a man has thirty millions of money +the world hears about his doings and possessions endlessly, but knows +little of the man himself. It is enough to say that there were good +things and bad things credited to his account, of which the good were +much more unlikely and surprising than the bad. + +The other man--and how different!--was Christopher Head. He was typical +too, typical of that almost anonymous world that keeps the name of +England liked and respected everywhere. I said that he was typical +because these few conspicuous names that I have mentioned represent only +one narrow class of mankind; among the unnamed and the unknown you may +be sure, if you have any wide experience of collective humanity, that +virtues and qualities far more striking and far more admirable were +included. Christopher Head was mild and unassuming, and one of the most +attractive of men, for wherever he went he left a sense of serenity and +security; and he walked through life with a keen, observant +intelligence. Outside Lloyd's, of which great corporation he was a +member, his interests were chiefly artistic, and he used his interest +and knowledge in the best possible way for the public good when he was +Mayor of Chelsea, and made his influence felt by imparting some quite +new and much-needed ideals into that civic office.... But two known +faces do not make a crowd familiar; and nothing will bring most of us +any nearer to the knowledge of these voyagers than will the knowledge of +what happened to them. + +One thing we do know--a small thing and yet illuminating to our picture. +There were many young people on board, many newly married, and some, we +may be sure, for whom the voyage represented the gateway to romance; for +no Atlantic liner ever sailed with a full complement and set down all +its passengers in the emotional state in which it took them up. The sea +is a great match-maker; and in those long monotonous hours of solitude +many flowers of the heart blossom and many minds and characters strike +out towards each other in new and undreamed-of sympathy. + +Of this we may be as sure as of the existence of the ship: that there +were on board the _Titanic_ people watching the slip of moon setting +early on those April nights for whom time and the world were quite +arrested in their course, and for whom the whole ship and her teeming +activities were but frame and setting for the perfect moment of their +lives; for whom the thronging multitudes of their fellow passengers were +but a blurred background against which the colour of their joy stood +sharp and clear. The fields of foam-flecked blue, sunlit or +cloud-shadowed by day; the starlight on the waters; the slow and +scarcely perceptible swinging of the ship's rail against the violet and +spangled sky; the low murmur of voices, the liquid notes of violins, the +trampling tune of the engines--to how many others have not these been +the properties of a magic world; for how many others, as long as men +continue to go in ships upon the sea, will they not be the symbols of a +joy that is as old as time, and that is found to be new by every +generation! For this also is one of the gifts of the sea, and one of the +territories through which the long road passes. + + + + +VII + + +Sunday came, with nothing to mark it except the morning service in the +saloon--a function that by reason of its novelty, attracts some people at +sea who do not associate it with the shore. One thing, however, fire or +boat muster, which usually marks Sunday at sea, and gives it a little +variety, did not for some reason take place. It is one of the few +variants of the monotony of shipboard life, where anything in the nature +of a spectacle is welcomed; and most travellers are familiar with the +stir caused by the sudden hoarse blast of the foghorn and the subsequent +patter of feet and appearance from below of all kinds of people whose +existence the passenger had hardly suspected. Stewards, sailors, +firemen, engineers, nurses, bakers, butchers, cooks, florists, barbers, +carpenters, and stewardesses, ranged in two immense lines along the boat +deck, answer to their names and are told off, according to their +numbers, to take charge of certain boats. This muster did not take place +on the _Titanic_; if it had it would have revealed to any observant +passenger the fact that the whole crew of nine hundred would have +occupied all the available accommodation in the boats hanging on the +davits and left no room for any passengers. For the men who designed and +built the _Titanic_, who knew the tremendous strength of the girders and +cantilevers and bulkheads which took the thrust and pull of every strain +that she might undergo, had thought of boats rather as a superfluity, +dating from the days when ships were vulnerable, when they sprang leaks +and might sink in the high seas. In their pride they had said "the +_Titanic_ cannot spring a leak." So there was no boat muster, and the +routine occupations of Sunday went on unvaried and undisturbed. Only in +the Marconi room was the monotony varied, for something had gone wrong +with the delicate electrical apparatus, and the wireless voice was +silent; and throughout the morning and afternoon, for seven hours, +Phillips and Bride were hard at work testing and searching for the +little fault that had cut them off from the world of voices. And at last +they found it, and the whining and buzzing began again. But it told them +nothing new; only the same story, whispered this time from the +_Californian_--the story of ice. + +The day wore on, the dusk fell, lights one by one sprang up and shone +within the ship; the young moon rose in a cloudless sky spangled with +stars. People remarked on the loveliness of the night as they went to +dress for dinner, but they remarked also on its coldness. There was an +unusual chill in the air, and lightly clad people were glad to draw in +to the big fireplaces in smoke-room or drawing-room or library, and to +keep within the comfort of the warm and lamplit rooms. The cold was +easily accounted for; it was the ice season, and the airs that were +blowing down from the north-west carried with them a breath from the +ice-fields. It was so cold that the decks were pretty well deserted, and +the usual evening concert, instead of being held on the open deck, was +held in the warmth, under cover. And gradually people drifted away to +bed, leaving only a few late birds sitting up reading in the library, or +playing cards in the smoking-rooms, or following a restaurant +dinner-party by quiet conversation in the flower-decked lounge. + +The ship had settled down for the night; half of her company were +peacefully asleep in bed, and many lying down waiting for sleep to come, +when something happened. What that something was depended upon what part +of the ship you were in. The first thing to attract the attention of +most of the first-class passengers was a negative thing--the cessation of +that trembling, continuous rhythm which had been the undercurrent of all +their waking sensations since the ship left Queenstown. The engines +stopped. Some wondered, and put their heads out of their state-room +doors, or even threw a wrap about them and went out into the corridors +to see what had happened, while others turned over in bed and composed +themselves to sleep, deciding to wait until the morning to hear what +was the cause of the delay. + +Lower down in the ship they heard a little more. The sudden harsh clash +of the engine-room telegraph bells would startle those who were near +enough to hear it, especially as it was followed almost immediately +afterwards by the simultaneous ringing all through the lower part of the +ship of the gongs that gave warning of the closing of the water-tight +doors. After the engines stopped there was a moment of stillness; and +then the vibration began again, more insistently this time, with a +certain jumping movement which to the experienced ear meant that the +engines were being sent full speed astern; and then they stopped again, +and again there was stillness. + +Here and there in the long corridors amidships a door opened and some +one thrust a head out, asking what was the matter; here and there a man +in pyjamas and a dressing-gown came out of his cabin and climbed up the +deserted staircase to have a look at what was going on; people sitting +in the lighted saloons and smoke-rooms looked at one another and said: +"What was that?" gave or received some explanation, and resumed their +occupations. A man in his dressing-gown came into one of the +smoking-rooms where a party was seated at cards, with a few yawning +bystanders looking on before they turned in. The newcomer wanted to know +what was the matter, whether they had noticed anything? They had felt a +slight jar, they said, and had seen an iceberg going by past the +windows; probably the ship had grazed it, but no damage had been done. +And they resumed their game of bridge. The man in the dressing-gown left +the smoke-room, and never saw any of the players again. So little +excitement was there in this part of the ship that the man in the +dressing-gown (his name was Mr. Beezley, an English schoolmaster, one of +the few who emerges from the crowd with an intact individuality) went +back to his cabin and lay down on his bed with a book, waiting for the +ship to start again. But the unnatural stillness, the uncanny peace even +of this great peaceful ship, must have got a little upon his nerves; and +when he heard people moving about in the corridors, he got up again, and +found that several people whom the stillness had wakened from their +sleep were wandering about inquiring what had happened. + +But that was all. The half-hour which followed the stoppage of the ship +was a comparatively quiet half-hour, in which a few people came out of +their cabins indeed, and collected together in the corridors and +staircases gossiping, speculating and asking questions as to what could +have happened; but it was not a time of anxiety, or anything like it. +Nothing could be safer on this quiet Sunday night than the great ship, +warmed and lighted everywhere, with her thick carpets and padded +armchairs and cushioned recesses; and if anything could have added to +the sense of peace and stability, it was that her driving motion had +ceased, and that she lay solid and motionless-like a rock in the sea, +the still water scarcely lapping against her sides. And those of her +people who had thought it worth while to get out of bed stood about in +little knots, and asked foolish questions, and gave foolish answers in +the familiar manner of passengers on shipboard when the slightest +incident occurs to vary the regular and monotonous routine. + + + + +VIII + + +This was one phase of that first half-hour. Up on the high bridge, +isolated from all the indoor life of the passengers, there was another +phase. The watches had been relieved at ten o'clock, when the ship had +settled down for the quietest and least eventful period of the whole +twenty-four hours. The First Officer, Mr. Murdoch, was in command of the +bridge, and with him was Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, and the usual +look-out staff. The moon had set, and the night was very cold, clear and +starry, except where here and there a slight haze hung on the surface of +the water. Captain Smith, to whom the night of the sea was like day, and +to whom all the invisible tracks and roads of the Atlantic were as +familiar as Fleet Street is to a _Daily Telegraph_ reporter, had been in +the chart room behind the bridge to plot out the course for the night, +and afterwards had gone to his room to lie down. Two pairs of sharp eyes +were peering forward from the crow's nest, another pair from the nose of +the ship on the fo'c'stle head, and at least three pairs from the bridge +itself, all staring into the dim night, quartering with busy glances the +area of the black sea in front of them where the foremast and its wire +shrouds and stays were swinging almost imperceptibly across the starry +sky. + +At twenty minutes to twelve the silence of the night was broken by three +sharp strokes on the gong sounding from the crow's nest--a signal for +something right ahead; while almost simultaneously came a voice through +the telephone from the look-out announcing the presence of ice. There +was a kind of haze in front of the ship the colour of the sea, but +nothing could be distinguished from the bridge. Mr. Murdoch's hand was +on the telegraph immediately, and his voice rapped out the order to the +quartermaster to starboard the helm. The wheel spun round, the answering +click came up from the startled engine-room; but before anything else +could happen there was a slight shock, and a splintering sound from the +bows of the ship as she crashed into yielding ice. That was followed by +a rubbing, jarring, grinding sensation along her starboard bilge, and a +peak of dark-coloured ice glided past close alongside. + +As the engines stopped in obedience to the telegraph Mr. Murdoch turned +the switches that closed the water-tight doors. Captain Smith came +running out of the chart room. "What is it?" he asked. "We have struck +ice, Sir." "Close the water-tight doors." "It is already done, Sir." +Then the Captain took command. He at once sent a message to the +carpenter to sound the ship and come and report; the quartermaster went +away with the message, and set the carpenter to work. Captain Smith now +gave a glance at the commutator, a dial which shows to what extent the +ship is off the perpendicular, and noticed that she carried a 5 list to +starboard. Coolly following a routine as exact as that which he would +have observed had he been conning the ship into dock, he gave a number +of orders in rapid succession, after first consulting with the Chief +Engineer. Then, having given instructions that the whole of the +available engine-power was to be turned to pumping the ship, he hurried +aft along the boat-deck to the Marconi room. Phillips was sitting at his +key, toiling through routine business; Bride, who had just got up to +relieve him, was sleepily making preparations to take his place. The +Captain put his head in at the door. + +"We have struck an iceberg," he said, "and I am having an inspection +made to tell what it has done for us. Better get ready to send out a +call for assistance, but don't send it until I tell you." + +He hurried away again; in a few minutes he put his head in at the door +again; "Send that call for assistance," he said. + +"What call shall I send?" asked Phillips. + +"The regulation international call for help, just that," said the +Captain, and was gone again. + +But in five minutes he came back into the wireless room, this time +apparently not in such a hurry. "What call are you sending?" he asked; +and when Phillips told him "C.Q.D.," the highly technical and efficient +Bride suggested, laughingly, that he should send "S.O.S.," the new +international call for assistance which has superseded the C.Q.D. "It is +the new call," said Bride, "and it may be your last chance to send it!" +And they all three laughed, and then for a moment chatted about what had +happened, while Phillips tapped out the three longs, three shorts, and +three longs which instantaneously sent a message of appeal flashing out +far and wide into the dark night. The Captain, who did not seem +seriously worried or concerned, told them that the ship had been struck +amidships or a little aft of that. + +Whatever may have been happening down below, everything up here was +quiet and matter-of-fact. It was a disaster, of course, but everything +was working well, everything had been done; the electric switches for +operating the bulkhead doors had been used promptly, and had worked +beautifully; the powerful wireless plant was talking to the ocean, and +in a few hours there would be some other ship alongside of them. It was +rough luck, to be sure; they had not thought they would so soon have a +chance of proving that the _Titanic_ was unsinkable. + + + + +IX + + +We must now visit in imagination some other parts of the ship, parts +isolated from the bridge and the spacious temple of luxury amidships, +and try to understand how the events of this half hour appeared to the +denizens of the lower quarters of the ship. The impact that had been +scarcely noticed in the first-class quarters had had much more effect +down below, and especially forward, where some of the third-class +passengers and some of the crew were berthed. A ripping, grinding crash +startled all but the heaviest sleepers here into wakefulness; but it was +over so soon and was succeeded by so peaceful a silence that no doubt +any momentary panic it might have caused was soon allayed. One of the +firemen describing it said: "I was awakened by a noise, and between +sleeping and waking I thought I was dreaming that I was on a train that +had run off the lines, and that I was being jolted about." He jumped out +and went on deck, where he saw the scattered ice lying about. "Oh, we +have struck an iceberg," he said, "that's nothing; I shall go back and +turn in," and he actually went back to bed and slept for half an hour, +until he was turned out to take his station at the boats. + +The steerage passengers, who were berthed right aft, heard nothing and +knew nothing until the news that an accident had happened began slowly +to filter down to them. But there was no one in authority to give them +any official news, and for a time they were left to wonder and speculate +as they chose. Forward, however, it became almost immediately apparent +to certain people that there was something grievously wrong; firemen on +their way through the passage along the ship's bottom leading between +their quarters and No. 1 stokehold found water coming in, and rapidly +turned back. They were met on their way up the staircase by an officer +who asked them what they were doing. They told him. "There's water +coming into our place, Sir," they said; and as he thought they were off +duty he did not turn them back. + +Mr. Andrews, a partner in Harland and Wolff's, and one of the +_Titanic's_ designers, had gone quietly down by himself to investigate +the damage, and, great as was his belief in the giant he had helped to +create, it must have been shaken when he found the water pouring into +her at the rate of hundreds of tons a minute. Even his confidence in +those mighty steel walls that stretched one behind the other in +succession along the whole length of the ship could not have been proof +against the knowledge that three or four of them had been pierced by the +long rip of the ice-tooth. There was just a chance that she would hold +up long enough to allow of relief to arrive in time; but it is certain +that from that moment Mr. Andrews devoted himself to warning people, and +helping to get them away, so far as he could do so without creating a +panic. + +Most of the passengers, remember, were still asleep during this half +hour. One of the most terrible things possible at sea is a panic, and +Captain Smith was particularly anxious that no alarm should be given +before or unless it was absolutely necessary. He heard what Mr. Andrews +had to say, and consulted with the engineer, and soon found that the +whole of the ship's bottom was being flooded. There were other +circumstances calculated to make the most sanguine ship-master uneasy. +Already, within half an hour, the _Titanic_ was perceptibly down by the +head. She would remain stationary for five minutes and then drop six +inches or a foot; remain stationary again, and drop another foot--a +circumstance ominous to experienced minds, suggesting that some of the +smaller compartments forward were one by one being flooded, and letting +the water farther and farther into her hull. + +Therefore at about twenty-five minutes past midnight the Captain gave +orders for the passengers to be called and mustered on the boat deck. +All the ship's crew had by this time been summoned to their various +stations; and now through all the carpeted corridors, through the +companion-ways and up and down staircases, leading to the steerage +cabins, an army of three hundred stewards was hurrying, knocking loudly +on doors, and shouting up and down the passages, "All passengers on +deck with life-belts on!" The summons came to many in their sleep; and +to some in the curtained firelight luxury of their deck state-rooms it +seemed an order so absurd that they scorned it, and actually went back +to bed again. These, however, were rare exceptions; for most people +there was no mistaking the urgency of the command, even though they were +slow to understand the necessity for it. And hurry is a thing easily +communicated; seeing some passengers hastening out with nothing over +their night clothes but a blanket or a wrapper, others caught the +infection, and hurried too; and struggling with life-belts, clumsily +attempting to adjust them over and under a curious assortment of +garments, the passengers of the _Titanic_ came crowding up on deck, for +the first time fully alarmed. + + + + +X + + +When the people came on deck it was half-past twelve. The first-class +passengers came pouring up the two main staircases and out on to the +boat deck--some of them indignant, many of them curious, some few of them +alarmed. They found there everything as usual except that the long deck +was not quite level; it tilted downwards a little towards the bow, and +there was a slight list towards the starboard side. The stars were +shining in the sky and the sea was perfectly smooth, although dotted +about it here and there were lumps of dark-coloured ice, almost +invisible against the background of smooth water. A long line of +stewards was forming up beside the boats on either side--those solid +white boats, stretching far aft in two long lines, that became suddenly +invested with practical interest. Officers were shouting orders, seamen +were busy clearing up the coils of rope attached to the davit tackles, +fitting the iron handles to the winches by which the davits themselves +were canted over from the inward position over the deck to the outward +position over the ship's side. Almost at the same time a rush of people +began from the steerage quarters, swarming up stairways and ladders to +reach this high deck hitherto sacred to the first-class passengers. At +first they were held back by a cordon of stewards, but some broke +through and others were allowed through, so that presently a large +proportion of the ship's company was crowding about the boat deck and +the one immediately below it. + +Then the business of clearing, filling, and lowering the boats was +begun--a business quickly described, but occupying a good deal of time in +the transaction. Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Officer, ordered the crews to +the boats; and with some confusion different parties of stewards and +sailors disentangled themselves from the throng and stood in their +positions by each of the sixteen boats. Every member of the crew, when +he signs on for a voyage in a big passenger ship, is given a number +denoting which boat's crew he belongs to. If there has been boat drill, +every man knows and remembers his number; if, as in the case of the +_Titanic_, there has been no boat drill, some of the men remember their +numbers and some do not, the result being a certain amount of confusion. +But at last a certain number of men were allotted to each boat, and +began the business of hoisting them out. + +First of all the covers had to be taken off and the heavy masts and +sails lifted out of them. Ship's boats appear very small things when one +sees a line of them swinging high up on deck; but, as a matter of fact, +they are extremely heavy, each of them the size of a small sailing +yacht. Everything on the _Titanic_ having been newly painted, everything +was stiff and difficult to move. The lashings of the heavy canvas covers +were like wire, and the covers themselves like great boards; the new +ropes ran stiffly in the new gear. At last a boat was cleared and the +order given, "Women and children first." The officers had revolvers in +their hands ready to prevent a rush; but there was no rush. There was a +certain amount of laughter. No one wanted to be the first to get into +the boat and leave the ship. "Come on," cried the officers. There was a +pause, followed by the brief command, "Put them in." + +The crew seized the nearest women and pushed or lifted them over the +rail into the first boat, which was now hanging over the side level with +the deck. But they were very unwilling to go. The boat, which looked big +and solid on the deck, now hung dizzily seventy-five feet over the dark +water; it seemed a far from attractive prospect to get into it and go +out on to the cold sea, especially as everyone was convinced that it was +a merely formal precaution which was being taken, and that the people in +the boats would merely be rowed off a little way and kept shivering on +the cold sea for a time and then brought back to the ship when it was +found that the danger was past. For, walking about the deck, people +remembered all the things that they had been thinking and saying since +first they had seen the _Titanic_; and what was the use of travelling by +an unsinkable ship if, at the first alarm of danger, one had to leave +her and row out on the icy water? Obviously it was only the old habit of +the sea asserting itself, and Captain Smith, who had hitherto been such +a favourite, was beginning to be regarded as something of a nuisance +with his ridiculous precautions. + +The boats swung and swayed in the davits; even the calm sea, now that +they looked at it more closely, was seen to be not absolutely like a +millpond, but to have a certain movement on its surface which, although +utterly helpless to move the huge bulk of the _Titanic_, against whose +sides it lapped, as ineffectually as against the walls of a dock, was +enough to impart a swinging movement to the small boats. But at last, +what with coercion and persuasion, a boat was half filled with women. +One of the things they liked least was leaving their husbands; they felt +that they were being sacrificed needlessly to over-elaborate +precautions, and it was hard to leave the men standing comfortably on +the firm deck, sheltered and in a flood of warm yellow light, and in the +safety of the great solid ship that lay as still as a rock, while they +had to go out, half-clad and shivering, on the icy waters. + +But the inexorable movements of the crew continued. The pulleys squealed +in the sheaves, the new ropes were paid out; and jerking downwards, a +foot or two at a time, the first boat dropped down towards the water, +past storey after storey of the great structure, past rows and rows of +lighted portholes, until at last, by strange unknown regions of the +ship's side, where cataracts and waterfalls were rushing into the sea, +it rested on the waves. The blocks were unhooked, the heavy ash oars +were shipped, and the boat headed away into the darkness. And then, and +not till then, those in the boat realized that something was seriously +wrong with the _Titanic_. Instead of the trim level appearance which she +presented on the picture postcards or photographs, she had an ungraceful +slant downwards to the bows--a heavy helpless appearance like some +wounded monster that is being overcome by the waters. And even while +they looked, they could see that the bow was sinking lower. + +After the first boat had got away, there was less difficulty about the +others. The order, "Women and children first," was rigidly enforced by +the officers; but it was necessary to have men in the boats to handle +them, and a number of stewards, and many grimy figures of stokers who +had mysteriously appeared from below were put into them to man them. +Once the tide of people began to set into the boats and away from the +ship, there came a certain anxiety to join them and not to be left +behind. Here and there indeed there was over-anxiety, which had to be +roughly checked. One band of Italians from the steerage, who had good +reason to know that something was wrong, tried to rush one of the boats, +and had to be kept back by force, an officer firing a couple of shots +with his pistol; they desisted, and were hauled back ignominiously by +the legs. In their place some of the crew and the passengers who were +helping lifted in a number of Italian women limp with fright. + +And still everyone was walking about and saying that the ship was +unsinkable. There was a certain subdued excitement, natural to those who +feel that they are taking part in a rather thrilling adventure which +will give them importance in the eyes of people at home when they relate +it. There was as yet no call for heroism, because, among the +first-class passengers certainly, the majority believed that the safest +as well as the most comfortable place was the ship. But it was painful +for husbands and wives to be separated, and the wives sent out to brave +the discomforts of the open boats while the husbands remained on the dry +and comfortable ship. + +The steerage people knew better and feared more. Life had not taught +them, as it had taught some of those first-class passengers, that the +world was an organization specially designed for their comfort and +security; they had not come to believe that the crude and ugly and +elementary catastrophes of fate would not attack them. On the contrary, +most of them knew destiny as a thing to fear, and made haste to flee +from it. Many of them, moreover, had been sleeping low down in the +forward part of the ship; they had heard strange noises, had seen water +washing about where no water should be, and they were frightened. There +was, however, no discrimination between classes in putting the women +into the boats. The woman with a tattered shawl over her head, the woman +with a sable coat over her nightdress, the woman clasping a baby, and +the woman clutching a packet of trinkets had all an equal chance; side +by side they were handed on to the harsh and uncomfortable thwarts of +the lifeboats; the wife of the millionaire sat cheek by jowl with a +dusty stoker and a Russian emigrant, and the spoiled woman of the world +found some poor foreigner's baby thrown into her lap as the boat was +lowered. + +By this time the women and children had all been mustered on the second +or A deck; the men were supposed to remain up on the boat deck while the +boats were being lowered to the level of the women, where sections of +the rail had been cleared away for them to embark more easily; but this +rule, like all the other rules, was not rigidly observed. The crew was +not trained enough to discipline and coerce the passengers. How could +they be? They were trained to serve them, to be obsequious and obliging; +it would have been too much to expect that they should suddenly take +command and order them about. + +There were many minor adventures and even accidents. One woman had both +her legs broken in getting into the boat. The mere business of being +lowered in a boat through seventy feet of darkness was in itself +productive of more than one exciting incident. The falls of the first +boat jammed when she was four feet from the water, and she had to be +dropped into it with a splash. And there was one very curious incident +which happened to the boat in which Mr. Beezley, the English +schoolmaster already referred to, had been allotted a place as a helper. +"As the boat began to descend," he said, "two ladies were pushed +hurriedly through the crowd on B deck, and a baby ten months old was +passed down after them. Then down we went, the crew shouting out +directions to those lowering us. 'Level,' 'Aft,' 'Stern,' 'Both +together!' until we were some ten feet from the water. Here occurred the +only anxious moment we had during the whole of our experience from the +time of our leaving the deck to our reaching the _Carpathia_. + +"Immediately below our boat was the exhaust of the condensers, and a +huge stream of water was pouring all the time from the ship's side just +above the water-line. It was plain that we ought to be smart away from +it if we were to escape swamping when we touched the water. We had no +officers on board, and no petty officer or member of the crew to take +charge, so one of the stokers shouted, 'Some one find the pin which +releases the boat from the ropes and pull it up!' No one knew where it +was. We felt as well as we could on the floor, and along the sides, but +found nothing. It was difficult to move among so many people. We had +sixty or seventy on board. Down we went, and presently we floated with +our ropes still holding us, and the stream of water from the exhaust +washing us away from the side of the vessel, while the swell of the sea +urged us back against the side again. + +"The result of all these forces was that we were carried parallel to the +ship's side, and directly under boat No. 14, which had filled rapidly +with men, and was coming down on us in a way that threatened to submerge +our boat. + +"'Stop lowering 14,' our crew shouted, and the crew of No. 14, now only +20 feet above, cried out the same. The distance to the top, however, was +some 70 feet, and the creaking of the pulleys must have deadened all +sound to those above, for down she came, 15 feet, 10 feet, 5 feet, and a +stoker and I reached up and touched the bottom of the swinging boat +above our heads. The next drop would have brought her on our heads. Just +before she dropped another stoker sprang to the ropes with his knife +open in his hand. 'One,' I heard him say, and then 'Two,' as the knife +cut through the pulley rope. + +"'The next moment the exhaust stream carried us clear, while boat No. 14 +dropped into the water, taking the space we had occupied a moment +before. Our gunwales were almost touching. We drifted away easily, and +when our oars were got out, we headed directly away from the ship.'" + +But although there was no sense of danger, there were some painful +partings on the deck where the women were embarked; for you must think +of this scene as going on for at least an hour amid a confusion of +people pressing about, trying to find their friends, asking for +information, listening to some new rumour, trying to decide whether they +should or should not go in the boats, to a constant accompaniment of +shouted orders, the roar of escaping steam, the squeal and whine of the +ropes and pulleys, and the gay music of the band, which Captain Smith +had ordered to play during the embarkation. Every now and then a woman +would be forced away from her husband; every now and then a husband, +having got into a boat with his wife, would be made to get out of it +again. If it was hard for the wives to go, it was harder for the +husbands to see them go to such certain discomfort and in such strange +company. Colonel Astor, whose young wife was in a delicate state of +health, had got into the boat with her to look after her; and no wonder. +But he was ordered out again and came at once, no doubt feeling +bitterly, poor soul, that he would have given many of his millions to be +able to go honourably with her. But he stepped back without a word of +remonstrance and gave her good-bye with a cheery message, promising to +meet her in New York. And if that happened to him, we may be sure it was +happening over and over again in other boats. There were women who +flatly refused to leave their husbands and chose to stay with them and +risk whatever fate might be in store for them, although at that time +most of the people did not really believe that there was much danger. +Yet here and there there were incidents both touching and heroic. When +it came to the turn of Mrs. Isidore Straus, the wife of a Jewish +millionaire, she took her seat but got back out of the boat when she +found her husband was not coming. They were both old people, and on two +separate occasions an Englishman who knew her tried to persuade her to +get into a boat, but she would not leave her husband. The second time +the boat was not full and he went to Mr. Straus and said: "Do go with +your wife. Nobody can object to an old gentleman like you going. There +is plenty of room in the boat." The old gentleman thanked him calmly and +said: "I won't go before the other men." And Mrs. Straus got out and, +going up to him, said: "We have been together for forty years and we +will not separate now." And she remained by his side until that happened +to them which happened to the rest. + + + + +XI + + +We must now go back to the Marconi room on the upper deck where, ten +minutes after the collision, Captain Smith had left the operators with +orders to send out a call for assistance. From this Marconi room we get +a strange but vivid aspect of the situation; for Bride, the surviving +operator, who afterwards told the story so graphically to the _New York +Times_, practically never left the room until he left it to jump into +the sea, and his knowledge of what was going on was the vivid, partial +knowledge of a man who was closely occupied with his own duties and only +knew of other happenings in so far as they affected his own doings. +They had been working, you will remember, almost all of that Sunday at +locating and replacing a burnt-out terminal, and were both very tired. +Phillips was taking the night shift of duty, but he told Bride to go to +bed early and get up and relieve him as soon as he had had a little +sleep, as Phillips himself was quite worn out with his day's work. Bride +went to sleep in the cabin which opened into the operating-room. + +He slept some time, and when he woke he heard Phillips still at work. He +could read the rhythmic buzzing sounds as easily as you or I can read +print. He could hear that Phillips was talking to Cape Race, sending +dull uninteresting traffic matter; and he was about to sink off to sleep +again when he remembered how tired Phillips must be, and decided that he +would get up and relieve him for a spell. He never felt the shock, or +saw anything, or had any other notification of anything unusual except +no doubt the ringing of the telegraph bells and cessation of the beat of +the engines. It was a few minutes afterwards that, as we have seen, the +Captain put his head in at the door and told them to get ready to send a +call, returning ten minutes later to tell them to send it. + +The two operators were rather amused than otherwise at having to send +out the S.O.S.; it was a pleasant change from relaying traffic matter. +"We said lots of funny things to each other in the next few minutes," +said Bride. Phillips went stolidly on, firmly hammering out his "S.O.S., +S.O.S.," sometimes varying it with "C.Q.D." for the benefit of such +operators as might not be on the alert for the new call. For several +minutes there was no reply; then the whining voice at Phillips' ear +began to answer. Some one had heard. They had picked up the steamer +_Frankfurt_, and they gave her the position and told her that the +_Titanic_ had struck an iceberg and needed assistance. There was another +pause and, in their minds' eye, the wireless men could see the +_Frankfurt's_ operator miles and miles away across the dark night going +along from his cabin and rousing the _Frankfurt's_ Captain and giving +his message and coming back to the instrument, when again the whining +voice began asking for more news. + +They were learning facts up here in the Marconi room. They knew that the +_Titanic_ was taking in water, and they knew that she was sinking by the +head; and what they knew they flashed out into the night for the benefit +of all who had ears to hear. They knew that there were many ships in +their vicinity; but they knew also that hardly any of them carried more +than one operator, and that even Marconi operators earning 4 a month +must go to bed and sleep sometimes, and that it was a mere chance if +their call was heard. But presently the Cunard liner _Carpathia_ +answered and told them her position, from which it appeared that she was +about seventy miles away. The _Carpathia_, which was heading towards the +Mediterranean, told them she had altered her course and was heading full +steam to their assistance. The _Carpathia's_ voice was much fainter than +the _Frankfurt's_, from which Phillips assumed that the _Frankfurt_ was +the nearer ship; but there was a certain lack of promptitude on board +the _Frankfurt_ which made Phillips impatient. While he was still +sending out the call for help, after the _Frankfurt_ had answered it, +she interrupted him again, asking what was the matter. They told Captain +Smith, who said, "That fellow is a fool," an opinion which Phillips and +Bride not only shared, but which they even found time to communicate to +the operator on the _Frankfurt_. By this time the _Olympic_ had also +answered her twin sister's cry for help, but she was far away, more than +three hundred miles; and although she too turned and began to race +towards the spot where the _Titanic_ was lying so quietly, it was felt +that the honours of salving her passengers would go to the _Carpathia_. +The foolish _Frankfurt_ operator still occasionally interrupted with a +question, and he was finally told, with such brusqueness as the wireless +is capable of, to keep away from his instrument and not interfere with +the serious conversations of the _Titanic_ and _Carpathia_. + +Then Bride took Phillips's place at the instrument and succeeded in +getting a whisper from the _Baltic_, and gradually, over hundreds of +miles of ocean, the invisible ether told the ships that their giant +sister was in distress. The time passed quickly with these urgent +conversations on which so much might depend, and hour by hour and minute +by minute the water was creeping up the steep sides of the ship. Once +the Captain looked in and told them that the engine-rooms were taking in +water and that the dynamos might not last much longer. That information +was also sent to the _Carpathia_, who by this time could tell them that +she had turned towards them with every furnace going at full blast, and +was hurrying forward at the rate of eighteen knots instead of her usual +fifteen. It now became a question how long the storage plant would +continue to supply current. Phillips went out on deck and looked round. +"The water was pretty close up to the boat deck. There was a great +scramble aft, and how poor Phillips worked through it I don't know. He +was a brave man. I learnt to love him that night, and I suddenly felt +for him a great reverence, to see him standing there sticking to his +work while everybody else was raging about. While I live I shall never +forget the work Phillips did for that last awful fifteen minutes." + +Bride felt that it was time to look about and see if there was no chance +of saving himself. He knew that by this time all the boats had gone. He +could see, by looking over the side, that the water was far nearer than +it had yet been, and that the fo'c's'le decks, which of course were much +lower than the superstructure on which the Marconi cabin was situated, +were already awash. He remembered that there was a lifebelt for every +member of the crew and that his own was under his bunk; and he went and +put it on. And then, thinking how cold the water would be, he went back +and put his boots on, and an extra coat. Phillips was still standing at +the key, talking to the _Olympic_ now and telling her the tragic and +shameful news that her twin sister, the unsinkable, was sinking by the +head and was pretty near her end. While Phillips was sending this +message Bride strapped a lifebelt about him and put on his overcoat. +Then, at Phillips's suggestion, Bride went out to see if there was +anything left in the shape of a boat by which they could get away. He +saw some men struggling helplessly with a collapsible boat which they +were trying to lower down on to the deck. Bride gave them a hand and +then, although it was the last boat left, he resolutely turned his back +on it and went back to Phillips. At that moment for the last time, the +Captain looked in to give them their release. + +"Men, you have done your full duty, you can do no more. Abandon your +cabin now; it is every man for himself; you look out for yourselves. I +release you. That's the way of it at this kind of time; every man for +himself." + +Then happened one of the strangest incidents of that strange hour. I can +only give it in Bride's own words: + +"Phillips clung on, sending, sending. He clung on for about ten minutes, +or maybe fifteen minutes, after the Captain released him. The water was +then coming into our cabin. + +"While he worked something happened I hate to tell about. I was back in +my room getting Phillips's money for him, and as I looked out of the +door I saw a stoker, or somebody from below decks, leaning over Phillips +from behind. Phillips was too busy to notice what the man was doing, but +he was slipping the lifebelt off Phillips's back. He was a big man, +too. + +"As you can see, I'm very small. I don't know what it was I got hold of, +but I remembered in a flash the way Phillips had clung on; how I had to +fix that lifebelt in place, because he was too busy to do it. + +"I knew that man from below decks had his own lifebelt, and should have +known where to get it. I suddenly felt a passion not to let that man die +a decent sailor's death. I wished he might have stretched a rope or +walked a plank. I did my duty. I hope I finished him, but I don't know. + +"We left him on the cabin floor of the wireless room, and he wasn't +moving." + +Phillips left the cabin, running aft, and Bride never saw him alive +again. He himself came out and found the water covering the bridge and +coming aft over the boat deck. + + + + +XII + + +There is one other separate point of view from which we may look at the +ship during this fateful hour before all points of view become merged in +one common experience. Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, who had been on +the bridge at the moment of the impact, had been busy sending up rockets +and signals in the effort to attract the attention of a ship whose +lights could be seen some ten miles away; a mysterious ship which cannot +be traced, but whose lights appear to have been seen by many independent +witnesses on the _Titanic_. So sure was he of her position that Mr. +Boxhall spent almost all his time on the bridge signalling to her with +rockets and flashes; but no answer was received. He had, however, also +been on a rapid tour of inspection of the ship immediately after she had +struck. He went down to the steerage quarters forward and aft, and he +was also down in the deep forward compartment where the Post Office men +were working with the mails, and he had at that time found nothing +wrong, and his information contributed much to the sense of security +that was spread amongst the passengers. + +Mr. Pitman, the Third Officer, was in his bunk at the time of the +collision, having been on duty on the bridge from six to eight, when the +Captain had also been on the bridge. There had been talk of ice among +the officers on Sunday, and they had expected to meet with it just +before midnight, at the very time, in fact, when they had met with it. +But very little ice had been seen, and the speed of the ship had not +been reduced. Mr. Pitman says that when he awoke he heard a sound which +seemed to him to be the sound of the ship coming to anchor. He was not +actually awake then, but he had the sensation of the ship halting, and +heard a sound like that of chains whirling round the windlass and +running through the hawseholes into the water. He lay in bed for three +or four minutes wondering in a sleepy sort of way where they could have +anchored. Then, becoming more awake, he got up, and without dressing +went out on deck; he saw nothing remarkable, but he went back and +dressed, suspecting that something was the matter. While he was dressing +Mr. Boxhall looked in and said: "We have struck an iceberg, old man; +hurry up!" + +He also went down below to make an inspection and find out what damage +had been done. He went to the forward well deck, where ice was lying, +and into the fo'c's'le, but found nothing wrong there. The actual +damage was farther aft, and at that time the water had not come into the +bows of the ship. As he was going back he met a number of firemen coming +up the gangway with their bags of clothing; they told him that water was +coming into their place. They were firemen off duty, who afterwards were +up on the boat deck helping to man the boats. Then Mr. Pitman went down +lower into the ship and looked into No. 1 hatch, where he could plainly +see water. All this took time; and when he came back he found that the +men were beginning to get the boats ready, a task at which he helped +under Mr. Murdoch's orders. Presently Mr. Murdoch ordered him to take +command of a boat and hang about aft of the gangway. Pitman had very +little relish for leaving the ship at that time, and in spite of the +fact that she was taking in water, every one was convinced that the +_Titanic_ was a much safer place than the open sea. He had about forty +passengers and six of the crew in his boat, and as it was about to be +lowered, Mr. Murdoch leant over to him and shook him heartily by the +hand: "Good-bye, old man, and good luck," he said, in tones which rather +surprised Pitman, for they seemed to imply that the good-bye might be +for a long time. His boat was lowered down into the water, unhooked, and +shoved off, and joined the gradually increasing fleet of other boats +that were cruising about in the starlight. + +There was one man walking about that upper deck whose point of view was +quite different from that of anyone else. Mr. Bruce Ismay, like so many +others, was awakened from sleep by the stopping of the engines; like so +many others, also, he lay still for a few moments, and then got up and +went into the passage-way, where he met a steward and asked him what was +the matter. The steward knew nothing, and Mr. Ismay went back to his +state-room, put on a dressing-gown and slippers, and went up to the +bridge, where he saw the Captain. "What has happened?" he asked. "We +have struck ice," was the answer. "Is the injury serious?" "I think so," +said the Captain. Then Mr. Ismay came down in search of the Chief +Engineer, whom he met coming up to the bridge; he asked him the same +question, and he also said he thought the injury serious. He understood +from them that the ship was certainly in danger, but that there was hope +that if the pumps could be kept going there would be no difficulty in +keeping her afloat quite long enough for help to come and for the +passengers to be taken off. Whatever was to be the result, it was a +terrible moment for Mr. Ismay, a terrible blow to the pride and record +of the Company, that this, their greatest and most invulnerable ship, +should be at least disabled, and possibly lost, on her maiden voyage. +But like a sensible man, he did not stand wringing his hands at the +inevitable; he did what he could to reassure the passengers, repeating, +perhaps with a slight quaver of doubt in his voice, the old +word--unsinkable. When the boats began to be launched he went and tried +to help, apparently in his anxiety getting rather in the way. In this +endeavour he encountered the wrath of Mr. Lowe, the Fifth Officer, who +was superintending the launching of boat No. 5. Mr. Lowe did not know +the identity of the nervous, excited figure standing by the davits, nor +recognize the voice which kept saying nervously, "Lower away! lower +away!" and it was therefore with no misgivings that he ordered him away +from the boat, saying brusquely, "If you will kindly get to hell out of +this perhaps I'll be able to do something!"--a trifling incident, but +evidence that Mr. Ismay made no use of his position for his own personal +ends. He said nothing, and went away to another boat, where he succeeded +in being more useful, and it was not till afterwards that an +awe-stricken steward told the Fifth Officer who it was that he had +chased away with such language. But after that Mr. Ismay was among the +foremost in helping to sort out the women and children and get them +expeditiously packed into the boats, with a burden of misery and +responsibility on his heart that we cannot measure. + +One can imagine a great bustle and excitement while the boats were being +sent away; but when they had all gone, and there was nothing more to be +done, those who were left began to look about them and realize their +position. There was no doubt about it, the _Titanic_ was sinking, not +with any plunging or violent movement, but steadily settling down, as a +rock seems to settle into the water when the tide rises about it. + +Down in the engine-room and stokeholds, in conditions which can hardly +be imagined by the ordinary landsman, men were still working with a grim +and stoic heroism. The forward stokeholds had been flooded probably an +hour after the collision; but it is practically certain that the +bulkheads forward of No. 5 held until the last. The doors in those aft +of No. 4 had been opened by hand after they had been closed from the +bridge, in order to facilitate the passage of the engineering staff +about their business; and they remained open, and the principal bulkhead +protecting the main engine-room, held until the last. Water thus found +its way into some compartments, and gradually rose; but long after +those in charge had given up all hope of saving the ship, the stokehold +watch were kept hard at work drawing the fires from under the boilers, +so that when the water reached them there should be no steam. The duty +of the engine-room staff was to keep the pumps going as long as possible +and to run the dynamos that supplied the current for the light and the +Marconi installation. This they did, as the black water rose stage by +stage upon them. At least twenty minutes before the ship sank the +machinery must have been flooded, and the current for the lights and the +wireless supplied from the storage plant. No member of the engine-room +staff was ever seen alive again, but, when the water finally flooded the +stokeholds, the watch were released and told to get up and save +themselves if they could. + +And up on deck a chilly conviction of doom was slowly but certainly +taking the place of that bland confidence in the unsinkable ship in +which the previous hour had been lightly passed. That confidence had +been dreadfully overdone, so much so that the stewards had found the +greatest difficulty in persuading the passengers to dress themselves and +come up on deck, and some who had done so had returned to their +state-rooms and locked themselves in. The last twenty minutes, however, +must have shown everyone on deck that there was not a chance left. On a +ship as vast and solid as the _Titanic_ there is no sensation of actual +sinking or settling. She still seemed as immovable as ever, but the +water was climbing higher and higher up her black sides. The sensation +was not that of the ship sinking, but of the water rising about her. And +the last picture we have of her, while still visible, still a firm +refuge amid the waters, is of the band still playing and a throng of +people looking out from the lamplit upper decks after the disappearing +boats, bracing themselves as best they might for the terrible plunge and +shock which they knew was coming. Here and there men who were determined +still to make a fight for life climbed over the rail and jumped over; it +was not a seventy foot drop now--perhaps under twenty, but it was a +formidable jump. Some were stunned, and some were drowned at once before +the eyes of those who waited; and the dull splashes they made were +probably the first visible demonstration of the death that was coming. +Duties were still being performed; an old deck steward, who had charge +of the chairs, was busily continuing to work, adapting his duties to the +emergency that had arisen and lashing chairs together. In this he was +helped by Mr. Andrews, who was last seen engaged on this strangely +ironic task of throwing chairs overboard--frail rafts thrown upon the +waters that might or might not avail some struggling soul when the +moment should arrive, and the great ship of his designing float no +longer. Throughout he had been untiring in his efforts to help and +hearten people; but in this the last vision of him, there is something +not far short of the sublime. + +The last collapsible boat was being struggled with on the upper deck, +but there were no seamen about who understood its stiff mechanism; +unaccustomed hands fumbled desperately with it, and finally pushed it +over the side in its collapsed condition for use as a raft. Many of the +seamen and stewards had gathered in the bar-room, where the attendant +was serving out glasses of whiskey to any and all who came for it; but +most men had an instinct against being under cover, and preferred to +stand out in the open. + +And now those in the boats that had drawn off from the ship could see +that the end was at hand. Her bows had gone under, although the stern +was still fairly high out of the water. She had sunk down at the forward +end of the great superstructure amidships; her decks were just awash, +and the black throng was moving aft. The ship was blazing with light, +and the strains of the band were faintly heard still playing as they had +been commanded to do. But they had ceased to play the jolly rag-time +tunes with which the bustle and labour of getting off the boats had been +accompanied; solemn strains, the strains of a hymn, could be heard +coming over the waters. Many women in the boats, looking back towards +that lighted and subsiding mass, knew that somewhere, invisible among +the throng, was all that they held dearest in the world waiting for +death; and they could do nothing. Some tried to get the crews to turn +back, wringing their hands, beseeching, imploring; but no crew dared +face the neighbourhood of the giant in her death agony. They could only +wait, and shiver, and look. + + + + +XIII + + +The end, when it came, was as gradual as everything else had been since +the first impact. Just as there was no one moment at which everyone in +the ship realized that she had suffered damage; just as there was no one +moment when the whole of her company realized that they must leave her; +just as there was no one moment when all in the ship understood that +their lives were in peril, and no moment when they all knew she must +sink; so there was no one moment at which all those left on board could +have said, "She is gone." At one moment the floor of the bridge, where +the Captain stood, was awash; the next a wave came along and covered it +with four feet of water, in which the Captain was for a moment washed +away, although he struggled back and stood there again, up to his knees +in water. "Boys, you can do no more," he shouted, "look out for +yourselves!" Standing near him was a fireman and--strange +juxtaposition--two unclaimed solitary little children, scarce more than +babies. The fireman seized one in his arms, the Captain another; another +wave came and they were afloat in deep water, striking out over the rail +of the bridge away from the ship. + +The slope of the deck increased, and the sea came washing up against it +as waves wash against a steep shore. And then that helpless mass of +humanity was stricken at last with the fear of death, and began to +scramble madly aft, away from the chasm of water that kept creeping up +and up the decks. Then a strange thing happened. They who had been +waiting to sink into the sea found themselves rising into the air as the +slope of the decks grew steeper. Up and up, dizzily high out of reach +of the dark waters into which they had dreaded to be plunged, higher and +higher into the air, towards the stars, the stern of the ship rose +slowly right out of the water, and hung there for a time that is +estimated variously between two and five minutes; a terrible eternity to +those who were still clinging. Many, thinking the end had come, jumped; +the water resounded with splash after splash as the bodies, like mice +shaken out of a trap into a bucket, dropped into the water. All who +could do so laid hold of something; ropes, stanchions, deck-houses, +mahogany doors, window frames, anything, and so clung on while the stern +of the giant ship reared itself towards the sky. Many had no hold, or +lost the hold they had, and these slid down the steep smooth decks, as +people slide down a water chute into the sea. + +We dare not linger here, even in imagination; dare not speculate; dare +not look closely, even with the mind's eye, at this poor human agony, +this last pitiful scramble for dear life that the serene stars shone +down upon. We must either turn our faces away, or withdraw to that +surrounding circle where the boats were hovering with their +terror-stricken burdens, and see what they saw. They saw the after part +of the ship, blazing with light, stand up, a suspended prodigy, between +the stars and the waters; they saw the black atoms, each one of which +they knew to be a living man or woman on fire with agony, sliding down +like shot rubbish into the sea; they saw the giant decks bend and crack; +they heard a hollow and tremendous rumbling as the great engines tore +themselves from their steel beds and crashed through the ship; they saw +sparks streaming in a golden rain from one of the funnels; heard the +dull boom of an explosion while the spouting funnel fell over into the +sea with a slap that killed every one beneath it and set the nearest +boat rocking; heard two more dull bursting reports as the steel +bulkheads gave way or decks blew up; saw the lights flicker out, flicker +back again, and then go out for ever, and the ship, like some giant sea +creature forsaking the strife of the upper elements for the peace of the +submarine depths, launched herself with one slow plunge and dive beneath +the waves. + +There was no great maelstrom as they had feared, but the sea was +swelling and sinking all about them; and they could see waves and eddies +where rose the imprisoned air, the smoke and steam of vomited-up ashes, +and a bobbing commotion of small dark things where the _Titanic_, in her +pride and her shame, with the clocks ticking and the fires burning in +her luxurious rooms, had plunged down to the icy depths of death. + + + + +XIV + + +As the ship sank and the commotion and swirl of the waves subsided, the +most terrible experience of all began. The seas were not voiceless; the +horrified people in the surrounding boats heard an awful sound from the +dark central area, a collective voice, compound of moans, shrieks, cries +and despairing calls, from those who were struggling in the water. It +was an area of death and of agony towards which those in the boats dared +not venture, even although they knew their own friends were perishing +and crying for help there. They could only wait and listen, hoping that +it might soon be over. But it was not soon over. There was a great deal +of floating wreckage to which hundreds of people clung, some for a +short time, some for a long time; and while they clung on they cried out +to their friends to save them. One boat--that commanded by Mr. Lowe, the +Fifth Officer--did, after transshipping some of its passengers into other +boats, and embarking a crew of oarsmen, venture back into the dark +centre of things. The wreckage and dead bodies showed the sea so thickly +that they could hardly row without touching a dead body; and once, when +they were trying to reach a survivor who was clinging to a piece of +broken staircase, praying and calling for help, it took them nearly half +an hour to cover the fifty feet that separated them from him, so thick +were the bodies. This reads like an exaggeration, but it is well +attested. The water was icy cold, and benumbed many of them, who thus +died quickly; a few held on to life, moaning, wailing, calling--but in +vain. + +A few strong men were still making a desperate fight for life. The +collapsible boat, which Bride had seen a group of passengers attempting +to launch a few minutes before the ship sank, was washed off by a wave +in its collapsed condition. Such boats contain air compartments in their +bottom, and thus, even although they are not opened, they float like +rafts, and can carry a considerable weight. Some of those who were swept +off the ship by the same wave that took the boat found themselves near +it and climbed on to it. Mr. Lightoller, the Second Officer, had dived +as the ship dived, and been sucked down the steep submerged wall of the +hull against the grating over the blower for the exhaust steam. Far down +under the water he felt the force of an explosion which blew him up to +the surface, where he breathed for a moment, and was then sucked back +by the water washing into the ship as it sank. This time he landed +against the grating over the pipes that furnished the draught for the +funnels, and stuck there. There was another explosion, and again he came +to the surface not many feet from the ship, and found himself near the +collapsible boat, to which he clung. It was quite near him that the huge +funnel fell over into the water and killed many swimmers before his +eyes. He drifted for a time on the collapsible boat, until he was taken +off into one of the lifeboats. + +Bride also found himself strangely involved with this boat, which he had +last seen on the deck of the ship. When he was swept off, he found +himself in the horrible position of being trapped under water beneath +this boat. He struggled out and tried to climb on to it, but it took +him a long time; at last, however, he managed to get up on it, and found +five or six other people there. And now and then some other swimmer, +stronger than most, would come up and be helped on board. Some thus +helped died almost immediately; there were four found dead upon this +boat when at last the survivors were rescued. + +There was another boat also not far off, a lifeboat, capsized likewise. +Six men managed to scramble on to the keel of this craft; it was almost +all she could carry. Mr. Caldwell, a second-class passenger, who had +been swimming about in the icy water for nearly an hour, with dead +bodies floating all about him, was beginning to despair when he found +himself near a crate to which another man was clinging. "Will it hold +two?" he asked. And the other man, with a rare heroism, said: "Catch +hold and try; we will live or die together." And these two, clinging +precariously to the crate, reached the overturned lifeboat and were +hauled up to its keel. Presently another man came swimming along and +asked if they could take him on. But the boat was already dangerously +loaded; the weight of another man would have meant death for all, and +they told him so. "All right," he cried, "good-bye; God bless you all!" +And he sank before their eyes. + +Captain Smith, who had last been seen washed from the bridge as the ship +sank, with a child in his arms, was seen once more before he died. He +was swimming, apparently only in the hope of saving the child that he +held; for in his austere conception of his duty there was no place of +salvation for him while others were drowning and struggling. He swam up +to a boat with the child and gasped out: "Take the child!" A dozen +willing hands were stretched out to take it, and then to help him into +the boat; but he shook them off. Only for a moment he held on, asking: +"What became of Murdoch?" and when they said that he was dead, he let go +his hold, saying: "Let me go"; and the last that they saw of him was +swimming back towards the ship. He had no lifebelt; he had evidently no +wish that there should be any gruesome resurrection of his body from the +sea, and undoubtedly he found his grave where he wished to find it, +somewhere hard by the grave of his ship. + +The irony of chance, the merciless and illogical selection which death +makes in a great collective disaster, was exemplified over and over +again in the deaths of people who had escaped safely to a boat, and the +salvation of others who were involved in the very centre of destruction. +The strangest escape of all was probably that of Colonel Gracie of the +United States army, who jumped from the topmost deck of the ship when +she sank and was sucked down with her. He was drawn down for a long +while, and whirled round and round, and would have been drawn down to a +depth from which he could never have come up alive if it had not been +for the explosion which took place after the ship sank. "After sinking +with the ship," he says, "it appeared to me as if I was propelled by +some great force through the water. This may have been caused by +explosions under the waters, and I remembered fearful stories of people +being boiled to death. Innumerable thoughts of a personal nature, having +relation to mental telepathy, flashed through my brain. I thought of +those at home, as if my spirit might go to them to say good-bye. Again +and again I prayed for deliverance, although I felt sure that the end +had come. I had the greatest difficulty in holding my breath until I +came to the surface. I knew that once I inhaled, the water would +suffocate me. I struck out with all my strength for the surface. I got +to the air again after a time that seemed to me unending. There was +nothing in sight save the ocean strewn with great masses of wreckage, +dying men and women all about me, groaning and crying piteously. I saw +wreckage everywhere, and what came within reach I clung to. I moved from +one piece to another until I reached the collapsible boat. She soon +became so full that it seemed as if she would sink if more came on board +her. We had to refuse to let any others climb on board. This was the +most pathetic and horrible scene of all. The piteous cries of those +around us ring in my ears, and I will remember them to my dying day. +'Hold on to what you have, old boy,' we shouted to each man who tried +to get on board. 'One more of you would sink us all.' Many of those whom +we refused answered, as they went to their death, 'Good luck; God bless +you.' All the time we were buoyed up and sustained by the hope of +rescue. We saw lights in all directions--particularly some green lights +which, as we learned later, were rockets burned by one of the +_Titanic's_ boats. So we passed the night with the waves washing over +and burying our raft deep in the water." + +It was twenty minutes past two when the _Titanic_ sank, two hours and +forty minutes after she had struck the iceberg; and for two hours after +that the boats drifted all round and about, some of them in bunches of +three or four, others solitary. Almost every kind of suffering was +endured in them, although, after the mental horrors of the preceding +hour, physical sufferings were scarcely felt. Some of the boats had +hardly anyone but women in them; in many the stokers and stewards were +quite useless at the oars. But here and there, in that sorrowful, +horror-stricken company, heroism lifted its head and human nature took +heart again. Women took their turn at the oars in boats where the men +were either too few or incapable of rowing; and one woman notably, the +Countess of Rothes, practically took command of her boat and was at an +oar all the time. Where they were rowing to most of them did not know. +They had seen lights at the time the ship went down, and some of them +made for these; but they soon disappeared, and probably most of the +boats were following each other aimlessly, led by one boat in which some +green flares were found, which acted as a beacon for which the others +made. One man had a pocket electric lamp, which he flashed now and +then, a little ray of hope and guidance shining across those dark and +miserable waters. Not all of the boats had food and water on board. Many +women were only in their night-clothes, some of the men in evening +dress; everyone was bitterly cold, although, fortunately, there was no +wind and no sea. + +The stars paled in the sky; the darkness became a little lighter; the +gray daylight began to come. Out of the surrounding gloom a wider and +wider area of sea became visible, with here and there a boat discernible +on it, and here and there some fragments of wreckage. By this time the +boats had rowed away from the dreadful region, and but few floating +bodies were visible. The waves rose and fell, smooth as oil, first gray +in colour, and then, as the light increased, the pure dark blue of +mid-ocean. The eastern sky began to grow red under the cloud bank, and +from red to orange, and from orange to gold, the lovely pageantry of an +Atlantic dawn began to unfold itself before the aching eyes that had +been gazing on prodigies and horrors. From out that well of light in the +sky came rays that painted the wave-backs first with rose, and then with +saffron, and then with pure gold. And in the first flush of that blessed +and comforting light the draggled and weary sufferers saw, first a speck +far to the south, then a smudge of cloud, and then the red and black +smoke-stack of a steamer that meant succour and safety for them. + + + + +XV + + +From every quarter of the ocean, summoned by the miracle of the wireless +voice, many ships had been racing since midnight to the help of the +doomed liner. From midnight onwards captains were being called by +messages from the wireless operators of their ships, telling them that +the _Titanic_ was asking for help; courses were being altered and chief +engineers called upon to urge their stokehold crews to special efforts; +for coal means steam, and steam means speed, and speed may mean life. +Many ships that could receive the strong electric impulses sent out from +the _Titanic_ had not electric strength enough to answer; but they +turned and came to that invisible spot represented by a few figures +which the faithful wireless indicated. Even as far as five hundred miles +away, the _Parisian_ turned in her tracks in obedience to the call and +came racing towards the north-west. But there were tragedies even with +the wireless. The Leyland liner _Californian_, bound for Boston, was +only seventeen miles away from the _Titanic_ when she struck, and could +have saved every soul on board; but her wireless apparatus was not +working, and she was deaf to the agonized calls that were being sent out +from only a few miles away. The _Parisian_, five hundred miles away, +could hear and come, though it was useless; the _Californian_ could not +hear and so did not come though, if she had, she would probably have +saved every life on board. The _Cincinnati_, the _Amerika_, the _Prinz +Friedrich Wilhelm_, the _Menominee_, the _La Provence_, the _Prinz +Adalbert_, the _Virginian_, the _Olympic_, and the _Baltic_ all heard +the news and all turned towards Lat. 41 46' N., Long. 50 14' W. The +dread news was being whispered all over the sea, and even ashore, just +as the dwellers on the North Atlantic seaboard were retiring to rest, +the station at Cape Race intercepted the talk of the _Titanic_ 270 miles +away, and flashed the message out far and wide; so that Government tugs +and ships with steam up in harbours, and everything afloat in the +vicinity which heard the news might hurry to the rescue. Cape Race soon +heard that the _Virginian_ was on her way to the _Titanic's_ position, +then that the _Olympic_ and _Carpathia_ had altered their courses and +were making for the wounded ship, and so on. Throughout the night the +rumours in the air were busy, while still the steady calls came out in +firm electric waves from the _Titanic_--still calling, still flashing +"C.Q.D." At 1.20 she whispered to the _Olympic_, "Get your boats ready; +going down fast by the head." At 1.35 the _Frankfurt_ (after an hour and +a half's delay) said, "We are starting for you." Then at 1.41 came a +message to the _Olympic_, "C.Q.D., boilers flooded." + +"Are there any boats round you already?" asked the _Olympic_, but there +was no answer. + +Other ships began to call, giving encouraging messages: "We are coming," +said the _Birma_, "only fifty miles away"; but still there was no +answer. + +All over the North Atlantic men in lighted instrument rooms sat +listening with the telephones at their ears; they heard each other's +questions and waited in the silence, but it was never broken again by +the voice from the _Titanic_. "All quiet now," reported the _Birma_ to +the _Olympic_, and all quiet it was, except for the thrashing and +pounding of a score of propellers, and the hiss of a dozen steel stems +as they ripped the smooth waters on courses converging to the spot where +the wireless voice had suddenly flickered out into silence. + +But of all those who had been listening to the signals Captain Rostron +of the _Carpathia_ knew that his ship would most likely be among the +first to reach the spot. It was about midnight on Sunday that the +passengers of the _Carpathia_ first became aware that something unusual +was happening. The course had been changed and a certain hurrying about +on the decks took the place of the usual midnight quiet. The trembling +and vibration increased to a quick jumping movement as pressure of steam +was gradually increased and the engines urged to the extreme of their +driving capacity. The chief steward summoned his staff and set them to +work making sandwiches and preparing hot drinks. All the hot water was +cut off from the cabins and bath-rooms, so that every ounce of steam +could be utilized for driving the machinery. + +The _Carpathia_ was nearly seventy miles from the position of the +_Titanic_ when she changed her course and turned northward; she had been +steaming just over four hours when, in the light of that wonderful dawn, +those on the look-out descried a small boat. As they drew nearer they +saw other boats, and fragments of wreckage, and masses of ice drifting +about the sea. Captain Rostron stopped while he was still a good +distance from the boats, realizing that preparations must be made before +he could take passengers on board. The accommodation gangway was rigged +and also rope ladders lowered over the sides, and canvas slings were +arranged to hoist up those who were too feeble to climb. The passengers +crowded along the rail or looked out of their portholes to see the +reaping of this strange harvest of the sea. The first boat came up +almost filled with women and children--women in evening dress or in fur +coats thrown over nightgowns, in silk stockings and slippers, in rags +and shawls. The babies were crying; some of the women were injured and +some half-fainting; all had horror on their faces. Other boats began to +come up, and the work of embarking the seven hundred survivors went on. +It took a long time, for some of the boats were far away, and it was not +until they had been seven hours afloat that the last of them were taken +on board the _Carpathia_. Some climbed up the ladders, others were put +into the slings and swung on board, stewards standing by with rum and +brandy to revive the fainting; and many willing hands were occupied +with caring for the sufferers, taking them at once to improvised couches +and beds, or conducting those who were not so exhausted to the saloon +where hot drinks and food were ready. But it was a ghastly company. As +boat after boat came up, those who had already been saved eagerly +searched among its occupants to see if their own friends were among +them; and as gradually the tale of boats was completed and it was known +that no more had been saved, and the terrible magnitude of the loss was +realized--then, in the words of one of the _Carpathia's_ people, "Bedlam +broke loose." Women who had borne themselves bravely throughout the +hours of waiting and exposure broke into shrieking hysterics, calling +upon the names of their lost. Some went clean out of their minds; one or +two died there in the very moment of rescue. The _Carpathia's_ +passengers gave up their rooms and ransacked their trunks to find +clothing for the more than half-naked survivors; and at last exhaustion, +resignation, and the doctor's merciful drugs did the rest. The dead were +buried; those who had been snatched too late from the bitter waters were +committed to them again, and eternally, with solemn words; and the +_Carpathia_ was headed for New York. + + + + +XVI + + +The _Californian_ had come up while the _Carpathia_ was taking the +survivors on board, and it was arranged that she should remain and +search the vicinity while the _Carpathia_ made all haste to New York. +And the other ships that had answered the call for help either came up +later in the morning and stayed for a little cruising about in the +forlorn hope of finding more survivors, or else turned back and resumed +their voyages when they heard the _Carpathia's_ tidings. + +In the meantime the shore stations could get no news. Word reached New +York and London in the course of the morning that the _Titanic_ had +struck an iceberg and was badly damaged, but nothing more was known +until a message, the origin of which could not be discovered, came to +say that the _Titanic_ was being towed to Halifax by the _Virginian_, +and that all her passengers were saved. With this news the London +evening papers came out on that Monday, and even on Tuesday the early +editions of the morning papers had the same story, and commented upon +the narrow escape of the huge ship. Even the White Star officials had on +Monday no definite news; and when their offices in New York were +besieged by newspaper men and relatives of the passengers demanding +information, the pathetic belief in the _Titanic's_ strength was allowed +to overshadow anxieties concerning the greater disaster. Mr. Franklin, +the vice-president of the American Trust to which the White Star Company +belongs, issued the following statement from New York on Monday: + + "We have nothing direct from the _Titanic_, but are perfectly + satisfied that the vessel is unsinkable. The fact that the + Marconi messages have ceased means nothing; it may be due to + atmospheric conditions or the coming up of the ships, or + something of that sort. + + "We are not worried over the possible loss of the ship, as she + will not go down, but we are sorry for the inconvenience + caused to the travelling public. We are absolutely certain + that the _Titanic_ is able to withstand any damage. She may be + down by the head, but would float indefinitely in that + condition." + +Still that same word, "unsinkable," which had now indeed for the first +time become a true one: for it is only when she lies at the bottom of +the sea that any ship can be called unsinkable. On Tuesday morning when +the dreadful news was first certainly known, those proud words had to be +taken back. Again Mr. Franklin had to face the reporters, and this time +he could only say: + + "I must take upon myself the whole blame for that statement. I + made it, and I believed it when I made it. The accident to the + _Olympic_, when she collided with the cruiser _Hawke_, + convinced me that these ships, the _Olympic_ and _Titanic_, + were built like battleships, able to resist almost any kind of + accident, particularly a collision. I made the statement in + good faith, and upon me must rest the responsibility for + error, since the fact has proved that it was not a correct + description of the unfortunate _Titanic_." + +And for three days while the _Carpathia_ was ploughing her way, now +slowly through ice-strewn seas, and now at full speed through open +water, and while England lay under the cloud of an unprecedented +disaster, New York was in a ferment of grief, excitement, and +indignation. Crowds thronged the streets outside the offices of the +White Star Line, while gradually, in lists of thirty or forty at a time, +the names of the survivors began to come through from the _Carpathia_. +And at last, when all the names had been spelled out, and interrogated, +and corrected, the grim total of the figures stood out in appalling +significance--seven hundred and three saved, one thousand five hundred +and three lost. + +It is not possible, nor would it be very profitable, to describe the +scenes that took place on these days of waiting, the alternations of +hope and grief, of thankfulness and wild despair, of which the shipping +offices were the scene. They culminated on the Thursday evening when +the _Carpathia_ arrived in New York. The greatest precautions had been +taken to prevent the insatiable thirst for news from turning that solemn +disembarkation into a battlefield. The entrance to the dock was +carefully guarded, and only those were admitted who had business there +or who could prove that they had relations among the rescued passengers. +Similar precautions were taken on the ship; she was not even boarded by +the Custom officials, nor were any reporters allowed on board, although +a fleet of steam launches went out in the cold rainy evening to meet +her, bearing pressmen who were prepared to run any risks to get a +footing on the ship. They failed, however, and the small craft were left +behind in the mist, as the _Carpathia_ came gliding up the Hudson. + +Among the waiting crowd were nurses, doctors, and a staff of ambulance +men and women; for all kinds of wild rumours were afloat as to the +condition of those who had been rescued. The women of New York had +devoted the days of waiting to the organization of a powerful relief +committee, and had collected money and clothing on an ample scale to +meet the needs of those, chiefly among the steerage passengers, who +should find themselves destitute when they landed. And there, in the +rain of that gloomy evening, they waited. + +At last they saw the _Carpathia_ come creeping up the river and head +towards the White Star pier. The flashlights of photographers were +playing about her, and with this silent salute she came into dock. +Gateways had been erected, shutting off the edge of the pier from the +sheds in which the crowd was waiting, and the first sight they had of +the rescued was when after the gangway had been rigged, and the brief +formalities of the shore complied with, the passengers began slowly to +come down the gangway. A famous English dramatist who was looking on at +the scene has written of it eloquently, describing the strange varieties +of bearing and demeanour; how one face had a startled, frightened look +that seemed as if it would always be there, another a set and staring +gaze; how one showed an angry, rebellious desperation, and another +seemed merely dazed. Some carried on stretchers, some supported by +nurses, and some handed down by members of the crew, they came, either +to meetings that were agonizing in their joy, or to blank loneliness +that would last until they died. Five or six babies without mothers, +some of them utterly unidentified and unidentifiable, were handed down +with the rest, so strangely preserved, in all their tenderness and +helplessness, through that terrible time of confusion and exposure. + +And in the minds of those who looked on at this sad procession there was +one tragic, recurrent thought: that for every one who came down the +gangway, ill perhaps, maimed perhaps, destitute perhaps, but alive and +on solid earth again, there were two either drifting in the slow Arctic +current, or lying in the great submarine valley to which the ship had +gone down. They were a poor remnant indeed of all that composite world +of pride, and strength, and riches; for Death winnows with a strange +fan, and although one would suit his purpose as well as another, he +often chooses the best and the strongest. There were card-sharpers, and +orphaned infants, and destitute consumptives among the saved; and there +were hundreds of heroes and strong men among the drowned. There were +among the saved those to whom death would have been no great enemy, who +had no love for life or ties to bind them to it; and there were those +among the drowned for whom life was at its very best and dearest; lovers +and workers in the very morning of life before whom the years had +stretched forward rich with promise. + +And when nearly all had gone and the crowd in the docks was melting +away, one man, who had until then remained secluded in the ship came +quietly out, haggard and stricken with woe: Bruce Ismay, the +representative and figure-head of that pride and power which had given +being to the _Titanic_. In a sense he bore on his own shoulders the +burden of every sufferer's grief and loss; and he bore it, not with +shame, for he had no cause for shame, but with reticence of words and +activity in such alleviating deeds as were possible, and with a dignity +which was proof against even the bitter injustice of which he was the +victim in the days that followed. There was pity enough in New York, +hysterical pity, sentimental pity, real pity, practical pity, for all +the obvious and patent distress of the bereaved and destitute; but there +was no pity for this man who, of all that ragged remnant that walked +back to life down the _Carpathia's_ gangway, had perhaps the most need +of pity. + + + + +XVII + + +The symbols of Honour and Glory and Time that looked so handsome in the +flooding sunlight of the _Titanic's_ stairway lie crushed into +unrecognizable shapes and splinters beneath the tonnage of two thousand +fathoms of ocean water. Time is no more for the fifteen hundred souls +who perished with them; but Honour and Glory, by strange ways and +unlooked-for events, have come into their own. It was not Time, nor the +creatures and things of Time, that received their final crown there; but +things that have nothing to do with Time, qualities that, in their power +of rising beyond all human limitations, we must needs call divine. + +The _Titanic_ was in more senses than one a fool's paradise. There is +nothing that man can build that nature cannot destroy, and far as he may +advance in might and knowledge and cunning, her blind strength will +always be more than his match. But men easily forget this; they wish to +forget it; and the beautiful and comfortable and agreeable equipment of +this ship helped them to forget it. You may cover the walls of a ship +with rare woods and upholster them with tapestries and brocades, but it +is the bare steel walls behind them on which you depend to keep out the +water; it is the strength of those walls, relatively to the strength of +such natural forces as may be arrayed against them, on which the safety +of the ship depends. If they are weaker than something which assails +them, the water must come in and the ship must sink. It was assumed too +readily that, in the case of the _Titanic_, these things could not +happen; it was assumed too readily that if in the extreme event they did +happen, the manifold appliances for saving life would be amply +sufficient for the security of the passengers. Thus they lived in a +serene confidence such as no ship's company ever enjoyed before, or will +enjoy again for a long time to come. And there were gathered about them +almost all those accessories of material life which are necessary to the +paradise of fools, and are extremely agreeable to wiser men. + +It was this perfect serenity of their condition which made so poignant +the tragedy of their sudden meeting with death--that pale angel whom +every man knows that he must some day encounter, but whom most of us +hope to find at the end of some road a very long way off waiting for us +with comforting and soothing hands. We do not expect to meet him +suddenly turning the corner of the street, or in an environment of +refined and elegant conviviality, or in the midst of our noonday +activities, or at midnight on the high seas when we are dreaming on +feather pillows. But it was thus that those on the _Titanic_ encountered +him, waiting there in the ice and the starlight, arresting the ship's +progress with his out-stretched arm, and standing by, waiting, while the +sense of his cold presence gradually sank like a frost into their +hearts. + +To say that all the men who died on the _Titanic_ were heroes would be +as absurd as to say that all who were saved were cowards. There were +heroes among both groups and cowards among both groups, as there must be +among any large number of men. It is the collective behaviour and the +general attitude towards disaster that is important at such a time; and +in this respect there is ample evidence that death scored no advantage +in the encounter, and that, though he took a spoil of bodies that had +been destined for him since the moment of their birth, he left the +hearts unconquered. In that last half-hour before the end, when every +one on the ship was under sentence of death, modern civilization went +through a severe test. By their bearing in that moment those fated men +and women had to determine whether, through the long years of peace and +increase of material comfort and withdrawal from contact with the cruder +elements of life, their race had deteriorated in courage and morale. It +is only by such great tests that we can determine how we stand in these +matters, and, as they periodically recur, measure our advance or +decline. And the human material there made the test a very severe one; +for there were people on the _Titanic_ who had so entrenched themselves +behind ramparts of wealth and influence as to have wellnigh forgotten +that, equally with the waif and the pauper, they were exposed to the +caprice of destiny; and who might have been forgiven if, in that awful +moment of realization, they had shown the white feather and given +themselves over to panic. But there is ample evidence that these men +stood the test equally as well as those whose occupation and training +made them familiar with the risks of the sea, to which they were +continually exposed, and through which they might reasonably expect to +come to just such an end. There was no theatrical heroism, no striking +of attitudes, or attempt to escape from the dread reality in any form of +spiritual hypnosis; they simply stood about the decks, smoking +cigarettes, talking to one another, and waiting for their hour to +strike. There is nothing so hard, nothing so entirely dignified, as to +be silent and quiet in the face of an approaching horror. + +That was one form of heroism, which will make the influence of this +thing deathless long after the memory of it has faded as completely from +the minds of men as sight or sign of it has faded from that area of +ocean where, two miles above the sunken ship, the rolling blue furrows +have smoothed away all trace of the struggles and agonies that +embittered it. But there was another heroism which must be regarded as +the final crown and glory of this catastrophe--not because it is +exceptional, for happily it is not, but because it continued and +confirmed a tradition of English sea life that should be a tingling +inspiration to everyone who has knowledge of it. The men who did the +work of the ship were no composite, highly drilled body like the men in +the navy who, isolated for months at a time and austerely disciplined, +are educated into an _esprit de corps_ and sense of responsibility that +make them willing, in moments of emergency, to sacrifice individual +safety to the honour of the ship and of the Service to which they +belong. These stokers, stewards, and seamen were the ordinary scratch +crew, signed on at Southampton for one round trip to New York and back; +most of them had never seen each other or their officers before; they +had none of the training or the securities afforded by a great national +service; they were simply--especially in the case of the stokers--men so +low in the community that they were able to live no pleasanter life than +that afforded by the stokehold of a ship--an inferno of darkness and +noise and commotion and insufferable heat--men whose experience of the +good things of life was half an hour's breathing of the open sea air +between their spells of labour at the furnaces, or a drunken spree +ashore whence, after being poisoned by cheap drink and robbed by joyless +women of the fruits of their spell of labour, they are obliged to return +to it again to find the means for another debauch. Not the stuff out of +which one would expect an austere heroism to be evolved. Yet such are +the traditions of the sea, such is the power of those traditions and the +spirit of those who interpret them, that some of these men--not all, but +some--remained down in the _Titanic's_ stokeholds long after she had +struck, and long after the water, pouring like a cataract through the +rent in her bottom and rising like a tide round the black holes where +they worked, had warned them that her doom, and probably theirs, was +sealed. + +In the engine-room were another group of heroes, men of a far higher +type, with fine intelligences, trained in all the subtleties and craft +of modern ships, men with education and imagination who could see in +their mind's eye all the variations of horror that might await them. +These men also continued at their routine tasks in the engine room, +knowing perfectly well that no power on earth could save them, choosing +to stay there while there was work to be done for the common good, their +best hope being presently to be drowned instead of being boiled or +scalded to death. All through the ship, though in less awful +circumstances, the same spirit was being observed; men who had duties to +do went on doing them because they were the kind of men to whom in such +an hour it came more easily to perform than to shirk their duties. The +three ship's boys spent the whole of that hour carrying provisions from +the store-room to the deck; the post-office employs worked in the +flooded mail-room below to save the mail-bags and carry them up to where +they might be taken off if there should be a chance; the purser and his +men brought up the ship's books and money, against all possibility of +its being any use to do so, but because it was their duty at such a time +to do so; the stewards were busy to the end with their domestic, and the +officers with their executive, duties. In all this we have an example of +spontaneous discipline--for they had never been drilled in doing these +things, they only knew that they had to do them--such as no barrack-room +discipline in the world could match. In such moments all artificial +bonds are useless. It is what men are in themselves that determines +their conduct; and discipline and conduct like this are proofs, not of +the superiority of one race over another, but that in the core of human +nature itself there is an abiding sweetness and soundness that fear +cannot embitter nor death corrupt. + + * * * * * + +The twin gray horses are still at their work in Belfast Lough, and on +any summer morning you may see their white manes shining like gold as +they escort you in from the sunrise and the open sea to where the smoke +rises and the din resounds. + +For the iron forest has branched again, and its dreadful groves are +echoing anew to the clamour of the hammers and the drills. Another ship, +greater and stronger even than the lost one, is rising within the +cathedral scaffoldings; and the men who build her, companions of those +whom the _Titanic_ spilled into the sea, speak among themselves and say, +"this time we shall prevail." + +_May 1912._ + + + + +A TABLE + +SHOWING THE LOSS OF LIFE ON THE _TITANIC_ + + + FIRST CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 173 58 115 34 + Women 144 139 5 97 + Children 5 5 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 322 202 120 63 + + + SECOND CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 160 13 147 8 + Women 93 78 15 84 + Children 24 24 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 277 115 162 42 + + + THIRD CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 454 55 399 12 + Women 179 98 81 55 + Children 76 23 53 30 + --- --- --- --- + Total 709 176 533 25 + + TOTAL PASSENGERS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 787 126 661 16 + Women 416 315 101 76 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- --- --- + Total 1308 493 815 38 + + + CREW + + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 875 189 686 22 + Women 23 21 2 91 + --- --- --- --- + Total 898 210 688 23 + + + TOTAL PASSENGERS AND CREW + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 1662 315 1347 19 + Women 439 336 103 77 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- ---- --- + Total 2206 703 1503 32 + + + + + CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + + +BY THE SAME AUTHOR + +CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY. + +With Frontispiece in colour by Norman Wilkinson. Portrait, Maps, +Illustrations, Appendices and a Note on the Navigation of Columbus's +First Voyage by the Earl of Dunraven, K.P. Large Post 8vo, cloth, gilt. +7_s._ 6_d._ net. (Third Edition.) + +Mr. Henry Vignaud, late Secretary of the American Embassy and +distinguished historian of Columbus, says: + +"_In this book the hero who discovered the New World is shown for the +first time as a living man.... A more true and lively picture of the +great discoverer than is contained in any other work._" + +"Mr. Filson Young has done nothing better ... there is not a dull page +in the seven hundred. His descriptions of visible things, of streets and +hills, and seas and men, are vivid in his accustomed manner. His +narrative is rich and marching, yet sufficiently precise.... For the +modern taste there is really nothing about Columbus to compare with Mr. +Young's for matter and style."--_The Morning Post._ + +"If these volumes do not bring the figure of Columbus into closer +relation with the mind of the present generation, it must be because +people simply do not care to learn about anything that lies a few yards +beyond their own thresholds. Our hope, however, is better; and we +imagine that there will be a wide public for a narrative so fresh and +spirited. + +"Mr. Filson Young tells his story, without turning to the right hand or +to the left, in a free and fluent fashion.... Very vigorous too are the +passages dealing with his voyages, for Mr. Filson Young has drunk deep +of the spirit of the sea and nowhere writes so well as in his account of +the seafarer's business in great waters.... The book abounds in +interludes of suggestive thought and clear, vigorous expression. But, +the book must be commended for the keen, eager spirit of its narrative +and the abounding interest of its romances. If all gleaners in the field +of history were as skilful as Mr. Young, we should not hear so much +about the dry-as-dust dullness of what ought to be always one of the +most fascinating forms of literary art." + +Mr. W. L. Courtney in _The Daily Telegraph_. + +"Mr. Young has given us an estimate of the man which is attractive and +poetical. His account of the four voyages to the Indies is a romance of +the sea.... His book is a book of colour and the spirit of adventure. We +delight in that vision of his which shows to others the world and the +sea and the strange 'Indias' very much as Columbus saw them, with his +keen eyes, four centuries ago."--_The Manchester Guardian._ + +"History clothed with a gracious humanity ... history that has reality +and life ... not a mere record of his acts, but a reconstruction of the +man who died four centuries ago, so that at the end of the book we feel +that we have known and spoken with Columbus.... Breathes interest from +every page."--_The Daily Chronicle._ + +"He writes with charm, with colour, and with humour ... very readable +and eloquent.... We can give but a little quotation to show Mr. Young's +eloquence, but we can assure the reader that he has many passages that +set one longing for the sea."--Mr. John Masefield in _The Tribune._ + +"It is almost impossible to do justice to the splendour and romance of +these two finely produced volumes.... 'Charity, truth, and justice,' +that is the meed Columbus has from Mr. Filson Young, whose book--austere, +dignified, stately--forms by far the most striking and vivid portrait of +the hero in our language."--_The Morning Leader._ + +"To write a new book on Columbus seems a daring project; so many folios +have already been dedicated to his life. Mr. Young has justified +himself; so many books on the Genoese sailor have been either +unexpectedly dull or painfully inaccurate. Mr. Young is neither; in a +style pleasant and lucid he has set before us with vigour the period and +the setting of these famous voyages. In his pages we can enter into the +feelings and aspirations of those Western seamen."--_The Pall Mall +Gazette._ + +GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. 7, CARLTON ST. LONDON, S.W. + + + + + THE GRANT RICHARDS BOOKS + BEING A COMPLETE CATALOGUE + OF THE BOOKS PUBLISHED BY + GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. + 7 CARLTON STREET + LONDON, S.W. + 1912 + + +7 Carlton Street, London, S.W. + +=Ade, George.= + +-- In Pastures New. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Androutsos, Chrestos.= + +-- The Validity of English Ordinations. Translated and Edited by F. W. +Groves Campbell, LL.D. Crown 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. net. + +=schylus.= + +-- The Agamemnon of schylus. Translated by Arthur Platt, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. +cloth, 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=sop.= + +-- sop's Fables. With many illustrations in colour and in black and +white by J. M. Cond. Medium 8vo. cloth, 5s. net. + +=Aflalo F. G.= + +-- The Call of the Sea: A Prose Anthology. With End-papers in colour by +William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. +net. + +=Aix.= + +-- The Adventures of a Nice Young Man. 6s. + +=Allen, Grant.= + +-- Evolution in Italian Art. With an introduction by J. W. Cruickshank. +Illustrated. Pott 4to. cloth gilt, 10s. 6d. net. + +-- Grant Allen's Historical Guides. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. Each 3s. 6d. net. + Paris. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Florence. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Cities of Belgium. By Grant Allen. [_Third Edition._ + Venice. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fourth Edition._ + Cities of Northern Italy. By G. C. Williamson, D.L. [_Second + Edition._ + The Umbrian Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. + Classical Rome. By H. Stuart Jones. + Christian Rome. By J. W. Cruickshank. Illustrated. [_Second + Edition._ + Smaller Tuscan Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. [_In preparation._ + +-- The Woman Who Did. New edition. With frontispiece by Frank Haviland. +3s. 6d. + +=Anon.= + +-- A Babe Unborn. 6s. + +=Anonymous.= + +-- The Future Prime Minister. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Applin, Arthur.= + +-- The Children of the Gutter. 6s. + +-- The Butcher of Bruton Street. With frontispiece in colour by Frank +Haviland. 6s. + +=Aristophanes.=--_See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Atkey, Bertram.= + +-- Easy Money. With 36 Illustrations by G. L. Stampa. 6s. + +-- Folk of the Wild: A Book of the Forests, the Moors and the Mountains, +of the Beasts of the Silent Places, their Lives, their Doings and their +Deaths. With 31 Illustrations by Harry Rountree. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Ault, Lena and Norman.= + +-- The Podgy Book of Tales. With 16 Illustrations in Colour and over 100 +in black and white. Demy 16mo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Barrington, Rutland.= + +-- Rutland Barrington: a Record of Thirty-five Years on the Stage. +Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- More Rutland Barrington. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. +6d. net. + +=Barzini, Luigi.= + +-- Pekin to Paris: An Account of Prince Borghese's Journey across two +Continents in a Motor Car. With an Introduction by Prince Borghese. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +=Bates, Katherine L.= + +-- From Gretna Green to Land's End. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. +7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Bax, Ernest Belfort.= + +-- The Last Episode of the French Revolution: Being a History of Gracchus +Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals. With Portrait. Cloth. Large +post 8vo. 5s. net. + +-- The Roots of Reality: Being Suggestions for a Philosophical +Reconstruction. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +-- Essays in Socialism. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. People's Edition +with additional Essays. With cover design by Walter Crane. Demy 8vo. +Sewed. 6d. + +=Baxter, Richard.= + +-- The Saints' Everlasting Rest. Edited by the Rev. William Young. With +portrait. Large post 8vo. Half-leather. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Bedford, F. D.= + +-- A Night of Wonders. Illustrated in Colours. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 3s. 6d. +net. + +=Bisgood, Mary.= + +-- Powder and Jam. With 32 Illustrations in Colour. Crown 8vo. oblong. +Cloth. 2s. net. + +=Blake, William.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Blyth, James.= + +-- The Same Clay. 6s.--Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Booth, Edward C.= + +-- The Doctor's Lass. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Cliff End. Illustrated. 6s. [_Fourth Edition._ + +=Braithwaite, W. S.= + +-- The Book of Georgian Verse. 1300 pages. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. +net. + +=Browne, Sir Thomas.= + +-- Religio Medici, Urn Burial and an Essay on Dreams. With Frontispiece. +Pott 8vo. Leather gilt, 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Bruce, H. Addington.= + +-- The Riddle of Personality. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Burgess, Gelett.= + +-- The Heart Line. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burland, Harris.= + +-- The Broken Law. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Black Motor Car. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burroughs, D.= + +-- Jack the Giant-killer, Junior. With 11 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Cain, Georges.= + +-- Nooks and Corners of Old Paris. Translated by Frederick Lawton. +Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Caldbeck, Major Roper.= + +-- The Nation and the Army. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=Campbell, F. W. Groves.= + +-- Apollonius of Tyana. With an Introduction by Ernest Oldmeadow. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- _See also under_ Androutsos, Chrestos. + +=Carmichael, Philip.= + +-- The Man from the Moon. With 8 Illustrations in Colour and many in +Black-and-White by Frank Watkins. Pott 4to. Cloth. 6s. + +=Casson, Herbert N.= + +-- The Romance of Steel: The Story of a Thousand Millionaires. +Illustrated. Medium 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6_d._ net. + +=Castle, Tudor Ralph.= + +-- The Gentle Shepherd. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Cawein, Madison.= + +-- New Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Half parchment. 5s. net. + +=CHAPBOOKS, THE.= Royal 32mo. Lambskin gilt, each 2s. 6d. net. + I. Lyrists of the Restoration. + II. Essays Moral and Polite. + III. The Poems of Herrick. + IV. Lyrics of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont & Fletcher. + +=Chatterton, Thomas.= _See under_ Russell, Charles Edward. + +=Chaucer, Geoffrey.= + +-- The Canterbury Tales. Told by Percy Mackaye. With Illustrations in +Colour by W. Appleton Clark. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Chester, George Randolph.= + +-- Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. 6s. + +=Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Consule Planco=: Being Reflections of an Etonian of that Period. Fcap. +8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Copping, Arthur E.= + +-- Gotty and the Guv'nor: A True Narrative of Gotty's Doings Ashore and +Afloat, with an Account of his Voyage of Discovery on a Shrimping Bawley +in the English Channel. With 24 Illustrations by Will Owen. 6s. [_Out of +print._ + +=Cornford, L. Cope.= + +-- Parson Brand. 6s. + +-- The Canker at the Heart: Being Studies in the Life of the Poor in the +Year of Grace 1905. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- The Defenceless Islands: A Study of the Social and Industrial +Conditions of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Effect upon them of +an Outbreak of a Maritime War. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Cottingham, H.= + +-- Business Success. Royal 16mo. Cloth, 1s. net. Sewed, 6d. net + +=Cruickshank, J. W.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Curties, Henry.= + +-- Rene. 6s. + +=Dampier, Captain William.= + +-- The Voyages of Captain William Dampier. Edited by John Masefield. +Illustrated. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net. Limited to 1000 copies. +[_Out of print._ + +=Danrit, Captain.= + +-- The Sunken Submarine. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. [_In +preparation._ + +=Davidson, John.= + +-- The Testament of John Davidson. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- Fleet Street and other Poems. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- Mammon and his Message. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- The Triumph of Mammon. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- The Theatrocrat: A Tragic Play of Church and Stage. Crown 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Holiday and Other Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Davis, Colonel Newnham.= + +-- The Gourmet's Guide to Europe. Third Edition, revised. Fcap. 8vo. +Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- The Gourmet's Guide to London. [_In preparation._ + +=Dawson, A. J.= + +-- The Message. 6s.--Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed 1s. net. [_Fourth +Edition._ + +-- The Genteel A. B. With 4 Illustrations in Colour by W. Ralston. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- Finn the Wolfhound. With 16 full-page and 36 other Illustrations by R. +H. Buxton. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +=Dawson, Mrs. Frederick.= -- The Upper Hand. 6s. + +=Delacombe, Harry.= + +-- The Boys' Book of Airships. Fully Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. +6s. + +=De Windt, Harry.= + +-- My Restless Life. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth, gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. + +=Dole, Nathan Haskell.= + +-- The Russian Fairy Book. With Illustrations in Colour. Medium 8vo. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Douglas, James.= + +-- The Unpardonable Sin. With Frontispiece in Colour by Frank Haviland. +6s. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Duncan, Stanley.= + +-- The Complete Wild-fowler Ashore and Afloat. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +=Durand, R. A.= + +-- Oxford: its Buildings and Gardens. With 32 Reproductions from Drawings +in Colour by W. A. Wildman. Large post 4to. Cloth gilt. 21s. net Edition +de luxe, limited to 100 copies, 42s. net. + +=Duret, Theodore.= + +-- Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by J. E. Crawford +Flitch, M.A. Illustrated with Etchings and Wood Engravings, and with 32 +Reproductions in half-tone. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=ELIZABETHAN CLASSICS, THE.= + +-- The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. The Famous Flowered +Contemporary Version of John Florio. With an Introduction by Thomas +Seccombe. Edition limited to 1150 numbered copies for sale in England +and America. With Portraits. 3 vols. Extra demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. 31s. +6d. net. + +=Enock, C. Reginald, F.R.G.S.= + +-- The Great Pacific Coast. With 64 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +-- An Imperial Commonwealth. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Flitch, J. E. Crawford, M.A.= + +-- Mediterranean Moods: Footnotes of Travel in the Islands of Mallorca, +Menorca, Ibiza, and Sardinia. With Frontispiece in Colour and 32 +Illustrations in black and white. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Fyfe, H. C.= + +-- Submarine Warfare: Past, Present, and Future. Illustrated. Second +Edition. Revised by John Leyland. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Galsworthy, John.= + +-- A Commentary. 3s. 6d. + +=Garvey, Ina.= + +-- A Comedy of Mammon. 6s. + +=Gibbs, Philip.= + +-- The Individualist. 6s. + +=Godfrey, Elizabeth.= + +-- Heidelberg: Its Princes and Its Palaces. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Godfrey-Faussett, Mabel.= + +-- The Dual Heritage. 6s. + +=GRANT RICHARDS'S NURSERY LIBRARY.= + I. Peter Pixie. By A. Thorburn. Illustrated. Fcap. 16mo. Cloth. + 1s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Gretton, R. H.= + +-- Ingram. 6s. + +=Grimm.= + +-- Grimm's Fairy Tales. Selected and retold by Githa Sowerby. With twelve +Illustrations in Colour, and many in black and white, by Millicent +Sowerby. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Hamilton, Clayton.= + +-- The Theory of the Theatre. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- Materials and Methods of Fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Hart, George Henry.=--_See under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Hart, W. C.= + +-- Confessions of an Anarchist. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. +net. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Hawker, C. E.= + +-- Chats about Wine. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Henland, Cecil.= + +-- The Christmas Book: Lest We Forget. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. Cloth, 1s. net. +Leather, 2s. net. + +=Henshall, James A.= + +-- Favourite Fish and Fishing. With 37 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net. + +=Her Brother's Letters.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +=Hodder, Reginald.= _See under_ Turner, Edgar. + +=Housman, A. E.= + +-- D. Junii Juvenalis Satur. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +-- M. Manilii Astronomicon I. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +-- A Shropshire Lad. New edition. With 8 Illustrations in Colour by +William Hyde. Large post 8vo. Buckram gilt, 6s. net. Persian yapp, gilt, +7s. 6d. net. Limited Edition on Arnold hand-made paper. Fcap. 8vo. cloth +gilt, 2s. 6d. net. Also in royal 32mo. Persian yapp, 1s. 6d. net. +Leather, 1s. net. Cloth, 6d. net. + +=Howden, J. R.= + +-- The Boys' Book of Railways. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. + +-- The Boys' Book of Steamships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- The Boys' Book of Locomotives. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- The Boys' Book of Warships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_In preparation._ + +=Hudson, C. B.= + +-- The Crimson Conquest. 6s. + +=Hume, Major Martin.= + +-- Queens of Old Spain. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +-- Through Portugal. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Ibsen.= _See under_ Macfall, Haldane. + +=Irving, Washington.= + +-- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. With illustrations in colour by Arthur I. +Keller. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Jackson, Holbrook.= + +-- Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. +net. + +-- Bernard Shaw. Illustrated. Small crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. Cheap +edition, crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. + +-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Jarrott, Charles.= + +-- Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Job, Herbert R.= + +-- The Sport of Bird Study. Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Jones, P. F.= + +-- Shamrock Land. With 48 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. +net. + +=Jones, Stuart H.=--_See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical Guides. + +=Kephart, Horace.= + +-- The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. +4s. net. + +=Kerr, Joe.= + +-- Mister Sharptooth. Illustrated in colour by R. H. Porteus. Crown 4to. +Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +='Kottabos.'= + +-- Echoes from Kottabos. Edited by R. Y. Tyrell, Litt.D., LL.D., and Sir +Edward Sullivan, Bart. Pott 4to. Half buckram gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out +of print._ + +=Lawton, Frederick.= + +-- The Third French Republic. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ +6_d._ net. + +-- Balzac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ 6_d._ net. + +-- _See also under_ Cain, Georges, and Masters of Art Series. + +=Lawton, Lancelot.= + +-- Empires of the Far East: A Study of Japan and its Possessions, of +China, Manchuria, and Korea, and of the Political Questions of Eastern +Asia and the Pacific. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, with Maps. +24_s._ net. [_In preparation._ + +-- The Japanese Spy. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +=Leblanc, Maurice.= + +-- Arsne Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. Translated by A. Teixeira de +Mattos. 6_s._ + +=Lee, Gerald Stanley.= + +-- Inspired Millionaires: A Story of the Professional Point of View in +Business. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Lee, Vernon.=--_See under_ Omar Series, The. + +=Lefvre, Flicit.= + +-- The Cock, the Mouse, and the Little Red Hen. With 24 full-page +pictures in colour by Tony Sarg. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Le Gallienne, Richard.= + +-- Omar Repentant. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 2s. net. + +=Level, Maurice.= + +-- The Grip of Fear. 6s. + +=Leverson, Ada.= + +-- The Limit. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- Love's Shadow. With frontispiece in Colour. 6s. + +-- The Twelfth Hour. With Frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +=Longfellow.= + +-- The Courtship of Miles Standish. Illustrated in colours by H. C. +Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Evangeline. Illustrated in colours by H. C. Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth +gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Hiawatha. With sixty-eight pictures in colour and in black-and-white +by Harrison Fisher. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=McCormick, Frederick.= + +-- The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. With reproductions of drawings +by the author, photographs, and maps. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 21s. net. + +=McCutcheon, G. B.= + +-- Jane Cable. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- Nedra. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Macfall, Haldane.= + +-- Ibsen: His Life, Art, and Significance. Illustrated by Joseph Simpson. +Imperial 16mo. 5s. net. + +=Machen, Arthur.= + +-- The Hill of Dreams. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +-- The House of Souls. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +=McLaren, Lady.= + +-- The Women's Charter of Rights and Liberties. Crown 8vo. Paper covers. +6d. net. + +=Malcolm, Ian.= + +-- Indian Pictures and Problems. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. +6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Masefield, John.= + +-- Multitude and Solitude. 6s. + +-- Captain Margaret. 6s. + +-- A Tarpaulin Muster. 3s. 6d. [_Out of print._ + +-- The Tragedy of Nan, &c. Large post 8vo. Paper boards. 3s. 6d. net. +Cheap Edition. Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. net. [_Second Edition._ + +-- _See also under_ Dampier, Captain William. + +=Mauzens, Frederic.= + +-- The Living Strong Box. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Mason, Stuart.= _See under_ Wilde, Oscar. + +=Maxwell, Gerald.= + +-- The Miracle Worker. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Meredith, George.= _See under_ Hammerton, J. A. + +=Moore, R. Hudson.= + +-- Children of Other Days. Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth. 4s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Murray, Kate.= + +-- The Blue Star. 6s. + +=MASTERS OF ART SERIES.= Illustrated. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3_s._ +6_d._ net. Lambskin gilt, each 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + I. G. F. Watts: A Biography and an Estimate. By J. E. Phythian. + [_Third Edition._ + II. Rodin. By Fredk. Lawton. + III. Burne-Jones. By J. E. Phythian. + IV. Rossetti. By Frank Rutter. + V. Turner. By J. E. Phythian. + VI. Whistler. By Frank Rutter. + +=Montaigne, Michael Lord of.= _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, +The. + +=Napoleon.= + +-- The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon's Life in his own Words. Large post +8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Oldmeadow, Ernest.= + +-- Portugal. With 32 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. +[_In preparation._ + +-- Day. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. + +-- Antonio. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- Aunt Maud. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- The Scoundrel. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- Susan. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.--Cheap +Edition. Crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +-- The North Sea Bubble: A Fantasia. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame, The. + +=Olmsted, Millicent.= + +-- The Land of Never Was. With 12 illustrations in colour. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=OMAR SERIES, THE.=--Royal 32mo. persian yapp gilt, each 1s. 6d. net; +leather gilt, 1s. net; cloth gilt, 6d. net. + +-- The Rubiyt of Omar Khayym. + +-- A Shropshire Lad. By A. E. Housman. + +-- Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti. + +-- The Song of Songs. + +-- Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child. By Vernon Lee. + +-- English Nature Poems: An Anthology. + +-- In Memoriam. By Alfred Lord Tennyson. + +-- Love Poems of Herrick: A Selection. + +-- Everyman. A Morality Play. [_In preparation._ + +=Phythian, J. E.= + +-- Fifty Years of Modern Painting: Corot to Sargent. Illustrated. Crown +8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- _See also under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Purdie, Mrs.= + +-- Letters from a Grandmother. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 2s. +6d. + +=Ravenhill, Alice, and Catherine J. Schiff.= + +-- Household Administration: its Place in the Higher Education of Women. +Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +='Rector and the Rubrics, The.'= By the Author of 'When it was Light.' +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Richards, Herbert, M.A.= + +-- Platonica. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +-- Aristophanes and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +-- Notes on Xenophon and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Richardson, Frank.= + +-- Love, and Extras. 6s. + +=Russell, Charles Edward.= + +-- Thomas Chatterton: The Story of a Strange Life, 1752-1770. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Russell, G. W. E.= + +-- A Pocketful of Sixpences: A Collection of Essays and Reminiscences. +Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Seeing and Hearing. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +-- Some Threepenny Bits. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Rutter, Frank.= + +-- _See under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Saleeby, C. W., M.D.= + +-- Health, Strength and Happiness: a Book of Practical Advice. Crown 8vo. +Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Scarfoglio, Antonio.= + +-- Round the World in a Motor-car. With over 70 illustrations. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt 15s. net. + +=Schiff, Catherine J.= _See under_ Ravenhill, Alice. + +=Scott, A. MacCallum.= + +-- Through Finland to St. Petersburg. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. +6d. net. + +=Scott, John Reed.= + +-- Beatrix of Clare. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Colonel of the Red Huzzars. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Scott, Sir Walter.= + +-- Sir Walter Scott. Letters Written by Members of his Family to an Old +Governess. With an Introduction and Notes by the Warden of Wadham +College. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Seccombe, Thomas.= + +-- _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, The. + +=Sedgwick, S. N.= + +-- The Last Persecution. 6s. + +=Shaw, Bernard.= _See under_ Jackson, Holbrook. + +=Shelley, H. C.= + +-- Literary By-paths of Old England. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. +12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Smith, Miriam.= + +-- Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Sickert, Robert.= + +-- The Bird in Song. With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3s. 6d. +net. Lambskin, gilt, 3s. 6d. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Smith, Wellen.= + +-- Psyche and Soma: A Drama. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Sowerby, Githa and Millicent.= + +-- _See under_ Grimm's Fairy Tales. + +=Sterling, Mary B.= + +-- The Story of Sir Galahad. With 7 illustrations in colour by W. E. +Chapman. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Stone, John.= + +-- Great Kleopatra: A Tragedy in Three Acts. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 3s. +6d. net. + +=Stonham, Charles, C.M.G., F.R.C.S.= + +-- The Birds of the British Islands. With over 300 Photogravures by L. M. +Medland, F.Z.S. Complete in twenty parts. Royal 4to. 7s. 6d. net each. +Five volumes: Buckram gilt, 36s. net each. Half vellum, gilt, 42s. net +each. Half seal, gilt, 45s. net each. + +=Swan, Mark E.= + +-- Top o' the World. With 6 illustrations in colour and many in black and +white by Hy. Mayer. Pott 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=TEMPLE OF FAME, THE.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. Each 3s. 6d. +net. + I. Great Musicians. By Ernest Oldmeadow. + II. Great English Poets. By Julian Hill. + III. Great English Novelists. By Holbrook Jackson. + IV. Great English Painters. By Francis Downman. + V. Great Soldiers. By George Henry Hart. + +=Thomas, Edward.= + +-- The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air. With End-papers +in Colour by William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=Thomas, Rose Haig.= + +-- The Doll's Diary. With 24 illustrations by John Hassall. Crown 4to. +5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Thorburn, A.= + +-- _See under_ Grant Richards's Nursery Library. + +=Thorne, Guy.= _See under_ Duncan, Stanley. + +=Troly-Curtin, Marth.= + +-- Phrynette and London. 6s. [_Third Edition._ + +=Troubetskoy, Prince Pierre.= + +-- The Passer-By. 6s. + +=Tweedale, Rev. C. L.= + +-- Man's Survival after Death. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Tyler, Royall.= + +-- Spain: A Study of her Life and Arts. With 130 Illustrations in +half-tone. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net [_Out of print._ + +=Trafford-Taunton, Winefride.= + +-- Igdrasil 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Turner, Edgar, and Reginald Hodder.= + +-- The Armada Gold. 6s. + +=Vance, Louis J.= + +-- The Bronze Bell. 6s. + +-- The Black Bag. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Brass Bowl. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Private War. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- Terence O'Rourke. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- The Pool of Flame. 6s. + +-- Marrying Money. 6s. + +=VENETIAN SERIES, THE.= Crown 16mo. Bound in cloth or in Venetian paper. +6d. net each. + I. A Cypress Grove. By William Drummond of Hawthornden. + II. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. By William Blake. + III. The Ancient Mariner. By Samuel Taylor Coleridge. + +=Verne, Jules.= + +-- The Chase of the Golden Meteor. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +5s. + +=Waistcoat Pocket Guides, The= With Plans. Royal 64mo. Limp Cloth. 1s. 6d. +net. + +I. Paris. By Leonard Williams. + +=Waters, W. G.= + +-- Traveller's Joy: An Anthology. With End-papers in colour by William +Hyde. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net. [_Second +Edition._ + +=Webb, Wilfred Mark.= + +-- The Heritage of Dress: Being Notes on the History and Evolution of +Clothes. With over 150 Illustrations by W. J. Webb. Medium 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 15s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Weitenkampf, Frank.= + +-- How to Appreciate Prints. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Williamson, G. C.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Withers, Percy, M.B., B.S.= + +-- Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. With 32 Reproductions from Photographs. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +-- A Garland of Childhood. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=White, W. Holt.= + +-- The Earthquake: A Romance of London. 6s. Cheap Edition, crown 8vo. +sewed, 1s. net. + +=Whitelock, W. Wallace.= + +-- When Kings go Forth to Battle. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Williams, E. Baumer.= + +-- England's Story for Children. With Illustrations in Colour and +Black-and-White by Norman Ault. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Williams, Leonard.= _See under_ Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + +=Wilson, W. Lawler.= + +-- The Menace of Socialism. With Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s. net. + +=Wood, Montagu.= + +-- A Tangled I. 6s. + +=Wright, W. P.= + +-- The Garden Week by Week throughout the Year. With 100 practical +illustrations, and many others in colour and in black and white. Large +post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Perfect Garden: How to Keep it Beautiful and Fruitful, with +Practical Hints on Economical Management and the Culture of all the +Principal Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. With six illustrations in +Colour and many in black and white. Large post 8vo. 6s. net [_Third +Edition._ + +-- Popular Garden Flowers. With six illustrations in Colour and many in +black and white. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Wyndham, Horace.= + +-- Roses and Rue. 6s. + +-- The Flare of the Footlights. Cheap edition, 1s. net. + +-- Audrey the Actress. With frontispiece. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Xenophon.= _See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Young, Filson.= + +-- Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery. Illustrated. +With a Chapter by the Earl of Dunraven. Two vols. Demy 8vo. Buckram +gilt. 25s. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Venus and Cupid: An Impression in Prose after Velasquez in Colour. +Edition limited to 339 copies for sale in Great Britain; printed on +Arnold Hand-made paper, with a Photogravure Reproduction of the Rokeby +Venus. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net. Also 11 copies on Japanese vellum at 2 +2s. net (of which 3 remain). + +-- The Sands of Pleasure. With frontispiece in colour by R. J. Pannett. +6s. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. sewed, with cover design by R. J. Pannett, +1s. net. [_Seventy-fifth Thousand._ + +-- When the Tide Turns. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Wagner Stories. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. +net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +-- Mastersingers. New Edition. Revised and Enlarged. With portrait. Large +post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- More Mastersingers. With frontispiece. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or +cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Memory Harbour: Essays chiefly in Description. Imperial 16mo. Buckram +gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Ireland at the Cross Roads. New Edition. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. +6d. net. + +-- The Happy Motorist: An Introduction to the Use and Enjoyment of the +Motor Car. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +-- The Lover's Hours. Fcap. 4to. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Young, Rev. William.= _See under_ Baxter, Richard. + + + + + +INDEX OF PRICES + + +=11 5s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.) Half seal gilt. + + +=10 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Half vellum gilt. + + +=9 net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Buckram gilt. + + +=7 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (in Twenty Parts). + + +=2 2s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + Venus and Cupid. Jap. Vellum. + + +=1 11s. 6d. net.= + The Essays of Michael Lord of Montaigne. (Three Vols.) + + +=1 5s. net.= + Christopher Columbus (Two Vols.) + Voyages of Captain William Dampier (Two Vols.). + + +=1 4s. net.= + Empires of the Far East. (Two Vols.) + + +=1 1s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. (Two Vols.) + + +=16s. net.= + The Great Pacific Coast. + Pekin to Paris. + + +=15s. net.= + Round the World in a Motor Car. + The Complete Wild-fowler. + Queens of Old Spain. + + +=12s. 6d. net.= + Mediterranean Moods. + Manet and the French Impressionists. + The Third French Republic. + Balzac. + Venus and Cupid. + Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. + + +=10s. 6d. net.= + Evolution in Italian Art. + Shamrock Land. + Portugal. + The Romance of Steel. + + +=7s. 6d. net.= + More Rutland Barrington. + The Corsican. + My Restless Life. + A Shropshire Lad (yapp). + Thomas Chatterton. + Hiawatha. + The Saints' Everlasting Rest. + Submarine Warfare. + + +=7s. net.= + Aristophanes and Others. + Platonica. + + +=6s. net.= + The Menace of Socialism. + Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. + Health, Strength, and Happiness. + A Shropshire Lad (buckram). + Grimm's Fairy Tales. + Garden Week by Week. + The Book of Georgian Verse. + Finn the Wolfhound. + Man's Survival after Death. + Notes on Xenophon and Others. + The Perfect Garden. + Popular Garden Flowers. + + +=6s.= + Ingram. + Day. + Love, and Extras. + Phrynette and London. + Marrying Money. + The Doctor's Lass. + Adventures of a Nice Young Man. + The Children of the Gutter. + Easy Money. + The Man from the Moon. + A Babe Unborn. + Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. + Rene. + The Upper Hand. + The Boys' Book of Airships. + The Boys' Book of Railways. + The Boys' Book of Steamships. + The Boy's Book of Locomotives. + The Boys' Book of Warships. + The Crimson Conquest. + Arsne Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. + The Grip of Fear. + The Limit. + The Living Strong Box. + Multitude and Solitude. + Antonio. + The Last Persecution. + The Passer-By. + The Bronze Bell. + The Cliff End. + The Heart Line. + The Dual Heritage. + The Individualist. + The Japanese Spy. + Love's Shadow. + Captain Margaret. + Aunt Maud. + Beatrix of Clare. + The Armada Gold. + The Black Bag. + When Kings go forth to Battle. + Roses and Rue. + When the Tide Turns. + The Scoundrel. + The Unpardonable Sin. + The Genteel A. B. + The Brass Bowl. + The Sands of Pleasure. + Susan. + The Message. + The Twelfth Hour. + The Hill of Dreams. + The House of Souls. + The Blue Star. + The Miracle Worker. + The Private War. + The Broken Law. + The Earthquake. + Parson Brand. + The Same Clay. + The Pool of Flame. + The Black Motor Car. + A Tangled I. + In Pastures New. + The Butcher of Bruton Street. + A Comedy of Mammon. + + +=5s. net.= + More Mastersingers. + The Last Episode of the French Revolution. + The Theory of the Theatre. + Household Administration. + A Garland of Childhood. + sop's Fables. + The Riddle of Personality. + Cawein's New Poems. + Fleet Street and other Poems. + Materials and Methods of Fiction. + The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. + The Story of Sir Galahad. + Memory Harbour. + The Call of the Sea (persian yapp). + Bernard Shaw. + The Wagner Stories (leather and cloth). + Mastersingers (leather and cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (persian yapp). + Traveller's Joy (persian yapp.) + Mammon and his Message. + The Triumph of Mammon. + The Theatrocrat. + Essays in Socialism. + Ibsen. + The Gourmet's Guide to Europe. + + +=5s.= + The Sunken Submarine. + The Chase of the Golden Meteor. + + +=4s. 6d. net.= + D. Junii Juvenalis Satur. + M. Manilii Astronomicon I. + + +=4s. net.= + The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. + The Call of the Sea (cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (cloth). + Traveller's Joy (cloth). + + +=3s. 6d. net.= + Great Kleopatra. + Romance and Reality. + An Imperial Commonwealth. + Inspired Millionaires. + Fifty Years of Modern Painting. + Apollonius of Tyana. + The Validity of English Ordinations. + Jack the Giant Killer, Junior. + Testament of John Davidson. + Favourite Fish and Fishing. + The Tragedy of Nan. + The Land of Never Was. + Top o' the World. + England's Story for Children. + Great Musicians. + Great English Poets. + Great English Novelists. + Great English Painters. + Great Soldiers. + Her Brother's Letters. + Ireland at the Cross Roads. + Grant Allen's Historical Guides. + Holiday and Other Poems. + The Happy Motorist. + The Canker at the Heart. + Psyche and Soma. + A Night of Wonders. + The Bird in Song (leather). + + +=3s. 6d.= + A Commentary. + The Woman Who Did. + + +=3s. net.= + Burne-Jones (leather). + Rodin (leather). + G. F. Watts (leather). + Rossetti (leather). + Turner (leather). + Whistler (leather). + Religio Medici (leather). + + +=2s. 6d. net.= + The Nation and the Army. + The Agamemnon of schylus. + Mister Sharptooth. + Consule Planco. + Poems by Miriam Smith. + Through Finland. + The Lover's Hours. + The Chapbooks (leather). + Through Portugal. + The Defenceless Islands. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + A Shropshire Lad (hand-made paper). + The Future Prime Minister. + Chats about Wine. + + +=2s. 6d.= + Letters from a Grandmother. + + +=2s. net.= + Powder and Jam. + Omar Repentant. + Burne-Jones (cloth). + Rodin (cloth). + G. F. Watts (cloth). + Rossetti (cloth). + Turner (cloth). + Whistler (cloth). + The Bird in Song (cloth). + The Christmas Book (leather). + Religio Medici (cloth). + + +=1s. 6d. net.= + The Tragedy of Nan (sewed). + Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + The Rubiyt of Omar Khayym (Persian yapp). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (Persian yapp). + The Song of Songs (persian yapp). + Sister Benvenuta (persian yapp). + A Shropshire Lad (persian yapp). + English Nature Poems (persian yapp). + In Memoriam (persian yapp). + Love Poems of Herrick (persian yapp). + Everyman (persian yapp). + + +=1s. net.= + The Unpardonable Sin. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + Susan (sewed). + Flare of the Footlights (sewed). + The Sands of Pleasure (sewed). + The Same Clay (sewed). + Business Success (cloth). + The Message (sewed). + Bernard Shaw (sewed). + The Rector and the Rubrics. + The Earthquake (sewed). + Rubiyt of Omar Khayym (leather). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (leather). + The Song of Songs (leather). + Sister Benvenuta (leather). + A Shropshire Lad (leather). + English Nature Poems (leather). + In Memoriam (leather). + Love Poems of Herrick (leather). + Everyman (leather). + The Christmas Book (cloth). + + +=6d. net.= + Business Success (sewed). + Rubiyt of Omar Khayym (cloth). + The Song of Songs (cloth). + The Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (cloth). + Sister Benvenuta (cloth). + A Shropshire Lad (cloth). + English Nature Poems (cloth). + In Memoriam (cloth). + Love Poems of Herrick (cloth). + Everyman (cloth). + The Venetian Series. + The Woman's Charter of Rights and Liberties. + + +=6d.= + Essays in Socialism. + + +_London: Strangeways, Printers._ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + +***** This file should be named 31992-8.txt or 31992-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/9/31992/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/31992-8.zip b/31992-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d4ced6 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-8.zip diff --git a/31992-h.zip b/31992-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb105fa --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h.zip diff --git a/31992-h/31992-h.htm b/31992-h/31992-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38fd6e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h/31992-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,6802 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + text-indent: 1em;} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; + clear: both; + font-family: "Garamond", Times, serif;} + + h2 {margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 1em;} + + hr {width: 20%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + background-color: black; + color: black;} + + hr.ads {width: 10%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + background-color: black; + color: black;} + + table {margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + width: 50%; + margin-bottom: 4em;} + + td.pc {font-variant: small-caps; + padding-top: 2em; + text-align: center;} + + td.lal {text-align: left; + vertical-align: bottom;} + + td.ral {text-align: right; + padding-left: 1em;} + + td.total {text-align: right; + padding-top: 1em;} + + body{margin-left: 15%; + margin-right: 15%;} + + p.publisher {margin-top: 4em; + text-align: center; + font-size: smaller; + margin-bottom: 3em; + text-indent: 0em;} + + p.ads {margin-top: .25em; + margin-bottom: .25em; + margin-left: 3em;} + + .dropcap { + float: left; + padding-left: 3px; + font-size: 350%; + line-height: 90%; + overflow: visible; + } + + .firstword { + text-transform: uppercase; + letter-spacing: 0.20ex; + } + + p.newchapter { + text-indent: 0em; + } + + div.tpage {font-family: "Garamond", Times, serif;} + + div.advertisements {margin-top: 1em; + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + font-size: smaller; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; + background-color: #FBF5E6; + color: black;} + + div.advertisements2 {margin-top: 1em; + margin-left: 20%; + margin-right: 20%; + margin-bottom: 2em; + font-size: smaller; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; + background-color: #FBF5E6; + color: black;} + + div.advertisements2 p {text-align: center; + margin-top: 0.2em; + margin-bottom: 0.2em;} + + div.catalog {margin-top: 4em; + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + font-size: smaller; + padding: 0.5em 2em 0.5em 2em; + background-color: #FBF5E6; + color: black;} + + div.catalog p {margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em;} + + img {border-style: none;} + + ul {list-style: none; + line-height: 120%;} + + li {text-indent: -2em; + padding-left: 2em;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + right: 1%; + font-size: x-small; + text-align: right; + font-weight: normal; + font-style: normal; + letter-spacing: 0ex; + text-indent: 0em; + font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;} + + a:link {text-decoration: none; + color: #104E8B; + background-color: inherit;} + + a:visited {text-decoration: none; + color: #8B0000; + background-color: inherit;} + + a:hover {text-decoration: underline;} + + a:active {text-decoration: underline;} + + .blockquot {margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center; + text-indent: 0em;} + + .right {text-align: right; + margin-right: 10%;} + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .hrr {border-top: solid black 1px; + padding-top: 0.5em; + padding-left: 0.5em;} + + .caption {text-indent: 0em; + text-align: center; + margin-bottom: 4em;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; + text-align: center; + text-indent: 0em;} + + .poem {margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + margin-top: 4em; + width: 68%; + text-align: left; + font-style: italic;} + + div.poem p {font-style: normal;} + + .poem br {display: none;} + + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + + .poem span.i0 {display: block; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Titanic + +Author: Filson Young + +Release Date: April 15, 2010 [EBook #31992] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="500" height="140" alt="Titanic" title="Titanic" /> +</div> + +<h1>TITANIC</h1> + + +<div class="advertisements2"> +<p><big><i>BY FILSON YOUNG</i></big></p> + +<hr /> +<p>CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW<br /> +WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY</p> + +<p><i>Illustrated. Large Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>MEMORY HARBOUR</p> + +<p>ESSAYS CHIEFLY IN DESCRIPTION</p> + +<p><i>Crown 8vo. 5s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>VENUS AND CUPID</p> + +<p>AN IMPRESSION IN PROSE AFTER VELASQUEZ IN COLOUR</p> + +<p>Edition limited to 339 copies</p> + +<p><i>With Frontispiece. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>THE SANDS OF PLEASURE</p> + +<p><i>With Frontispiece by</i> <span class="smcap">R. J. Pannett</span></p> + +<p><i>Seventy-fourth Thousand</i></p> + +<p><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>WHEN THE TIDE TURNS</p> + +<p><i>With Frontispiece by</i> <span class="smcap">W. Dacres Adams</span></p> + +<p><i>Twenty-second Thousand</i></p> + +<p><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>IRELAND AT THE CROSS ROADS</p> + +<p><i>Second Edition. Crown 8vo.</i></p> + +<p><i>Cloth, 3s. 6d. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>MASTERSINGERS</p> + +<p><i>Fifth Edition. Large Post 8vo.</i></p> + +<p><i>Persian yapp, 5s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>MORE MASTERSINGERS</p> + +<p>STUDIES IN THE ART OF MUSIC</p> + +<p><i>Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>THE WAGNER STORIES</p> + +<p><i>Seventh Impression. Large Post 8vo.</i></p> + +<p><i>Persian yapp, 5s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>OPERA STORIES</p> + +<p><i>Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net.</i></p> + +<hr class="ads" /> + +<p>THE LOVER’S HOURS</p> + +<p>A CYCLE OF POEMS</p> + +<p><i>Fcp. 4to. 2s. 6d. net.</i></p> +</div> + +<p class="figcenter"><a href="images/frontispiece.jpg"><img src="images/frontispiece_th.jpg" +alt="41° 16′ N; 50° 14′ W." title="Titanic sinking" /></a></p> + +<p class="caption">41° 16′ N; 50° 14′ W.</p> + + + +<div class="tpage"> +<h1>TITANIC</h1> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 80%; padding-top: 2em">BY</p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold">FILSON YOUNG</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 25px;"> +<img src="images/titlepage.jpg" width="25" height="30" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="publisher" style="line-height: 150%">LONDON<br /> +GRANT RICHARDS LTD.<br /> +1912</p> + +<p class="publisher" style="font-size: 60%">CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.<br /> +TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> +</div> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">One is so near to another, that no air can come between +them.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">They are joined one to another, they stick together, that +they cannot be sundered.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire +leap out.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething +pot or caldron.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his +mouth.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">The flakes of his flesh are joined together; they are +firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the +sea like a pot of ointment.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think +the deep to be hoary.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without +fear.</span><br /> + +<span class="i0">He beholdeth all high things; he is a king over all the +children of pride.</span><br /> + +<p class="right">Job, xli.</p> +</div></div> + + +<h2><a name="I" id="I"></a>I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">I</span>f</span> you enter Belfast Harbour early in +the morning on the mail steamer from +Fleetwood you will see far ahead of +you a smudge of smoke. At first it is +nothing but the apex of a great triangle +formed by the heights on one side, the +green wooded shores on the other, and +the horizon astern. As you go on the +triangle becomes narrower, the blue waters +smoother, and the ship glides on in a +triangle of her own—a triangle of white +foam that is parallel to the green triangle +of the shore. Behind you the +Copeland Lighthouse keeps guard over +the sunrise and the tumbling surges of +the Channel, before you is the cloud of +smoke that joins the narrowing shores<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> +like a gray canopy; and there is no sound +but the rush of foam past the ship’s +side.</p> + +<p>You seem to be making straight for a +gray mud flat; but as you approach you +see a narrow lane of water opening in the +mud and shingle. Two low banks, like +the banks of a canal, thrust out their +ends into the waters of the lough; and +presently, her speed reduced to dead slow, +the ship enters between these low mud +banks, which are called the Twin Islands. +So narrow is the lane that as she enters +the water rises on the shingle banks and +flows in waves on either side of her like +two gray horses with white manes that +canter slowly along, a solemn escort, +until the channel between the islands +is passed. Day and night, winter and +summer, these two gray horses are always +waiting; no ship ever surprises them +asleep; no ship enters but they rise up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +and shake their manes and accompany +her with their flowing, cantering motion +along the confines of their territory. And +when you have passed the gates that they +guard you are in Belfast Harbour, in still +and muddy water that smells of the land +and not of the sea; for you seem already +to be far from the things of the sea.</p> + +<p>As you have entered the narrow channel +a new sound, also far different from the +liquid sounds of the sea, falls on your +ear; at first a low sonorous murmuring +like the sound of bees in a giant hive, +that rises to a ringing continuous music—the +multitudinous clamour of thousands +of blows of metal on metal. And turning +to look whence the sound arises you seem +indeed to have left the last of the things +of the sea behind you; for on your left, +on the flattest of the mud flats, arises a +veritable forest of iron; a leafless forest, +of thousands upon thousands of bare<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +rusty trunks and branches that tower +higher than any forest trees in our land, +and look like the ruins of some giant +grove submerged by the sea in the brown +autumn of its life, stripped of its leaves +and laid bare again, the dead and rusty +remnants of a forest. There is nothing +with any broad or continuous surface—only +thousands and thousands of iron +branches with the gray sky and the smoke +showing through them everywhere, giant +cobwebs hanging between earth and the +sky, intricate, meaningless networks of +trunks and branches and sticks and twigs +of iron.</p> + +<p>But as you glide nearer still you see +that the forest is not lifeless, nor its +branches deserted. From the bottom to +the topmost boughs it is crowded with a +life that at first seems like that of mites +in the interstices of some rotting fabric, +and then like birds crowding the branches<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +of the leafless forest, and finally appears +as a multitude of pigmy men swarming +and toiling amid the skeleton iron structures +that are as vast as cathedrals and +seem as frail as gossamer. It is from +them that the clamour arises, the clamour +that seemed so gentle and musical a mile +away, and that now, as you come closer, +grows strident and deafening. Of all the +sounds produced by man’s labour in the +world this sound of a great shipbuilding +yard is the most painful. Only the +harshest materials and the harshest actions +are engaged in producing it: iron +struck upon iron, or steel smitten upon +steel, or steel upon iron, or iron upon +steel—that and nothing else, day in, day +out, year in and year out, a million times +a minute. It is an endless, continuous +birth-agony, that should herald the appearance +of some giant soul. And great +indeed should be the overture to such an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +agony; for it is here that of fire and steel, +and the sweat and pain of millions of +hours of strong men’s labour, were born +those two giant children that were destined +by man finally to conquer the sea.</p> + +<p>In this awful womb the <i>Titanic</i> took +shape. For months and months in that +monstrous iron enclosure there was nothing +that had the faintest likeness to a +ship; only something that might have +been the iron scaffolding for the naves of +half-a-dozen cathedrals laid end to end. +Far away, furnaces were smelting thousands +and thousands of tons of raw +material that finally came to this place +in the form of great girders and vast +lumps of metal, huge framings, hundreds +of miles of stays and rods and straps of +steel, thousands of plates, not one of +which twenty men could lift unaided; millions +of rivets and bolts—all the heaviest +and most sinkable things in the world.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +And still nothing in the shape of a ship +that could float upon the sea. The seasons +followed each other, the sun rose now +behind the heights of Carrickfergus and +now behind the Copeland Islands; daily +the ships came in from fighting with the +boisterous seas, and the two gray horses +cantered beside them as they slid between +the islands; daily the endless uproar +went on, and the tangle of metal +beneath the cathedral scaffolding grew +denser. A great road of steel, nearly a +quarter of a mile long, was laid at last—a +road so heavy and so enduring that it +might have been built for the triumphal +progress of some giant railway train. +Men said that this roadway was the keel +of a ship; but you could not look at it +and believe them.</p> + +<p>The scaffolding grew higher; and as it +grew the iron branches multiplied and +grew with it, higher and higher towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +the sky, until it seemed as though man +were rearing a temple which would express +all he knew of grandeur and sublimity, +and all he knew of solidity and +permanence—something that should endure +there, rooted to the soil of Queen’s +Island for ever. The uproar and the +agony increased. In quiet studios and +offices clear brains were busy with drawings +and calculations and subtle elaborate +mathematical processes, sifting and applying +the tabulated results of years of experience. +The drawings came in time to +the place of uproar; were magnified and +subdivided and taken into grimy workshops; +and steam-hammers and steam-saws +smote and ripped at the brute metal, +to shape it in accordance with the shapes +on the paper. And still the ships, big +and little, came nosing in from the high +seas—little dusty colliers from the Tyne, +and battered schooners from the coast,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +and timber ships from the Baltic, and +trim mail steamers, and giants of the +ocean creeping in wounded for succour—all +solemnly received by the twin gray +horses and escorted to their stations in the +harbour. But the greatest giant of all +that came in, which dwarfed everything +else visible to the eye, was itself dwarfed +to insignificance by the great cathedral +building on the island.</p> + +<p>The seasons passed; the creatures who +wrought and clambered among the iron +branches, and sang their endless song of +labour there, felt the steel chill beneath +the frosts of winter, and burning hot +beneath the sun’s rays in summer, until +at last the skeleton within the scaffolding +began to take a shape, at the sight of +which men held their breaths. It was the +shape of a ship, a ship so monstrous and +unthinkable that it towered high over the +buildings and dwarfed the very mountains<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +beside the water. It seemed like some +impious blasphemy that man should +fashion this most monstrous and ponderable +of all his creations into the likeness +of a thing that could float upon the yielding +waters. And still the arms swung +and the hammers rang, the thunder and +din continued, and the gray horses shook +their manes and cantered along beneath +the shadow, and led the little ships in +from the sea and out again as though no +miracle were about to happen.</p> + +<p>A little more than its own length of +water lay between the iron forest and the +opposite shore, in which to loose this +tremendous structure from its foundations +and slide it into the sea. The thought +that it should ever be moved from its +place, except by an earthquake, was a +thought that the mind could not conceive, +nor could anyone looking at it accept the +possibility that by any method this vast<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +tonnage of metal could be borne upon the +surface of the waters. Yet, like an evil +dream, as it took the shape of a giant +ship, all the properties of a ship began to +appear and increase in hideous exaggeration. +A rudder as big as a giant elm +tree, bosses and bearings of propellers +the size of a windmill—everything was +on a nightmare scale; and underneath +the iron foundations of the cathedral floor +men were laying on concrete beds pavements +of oak and great cradles of timber +and iron, and sliding ways of pitch pine +to support the bulk of the monster when +she was moved, every square inch of the +pavement surface bearing a weight of +more than two tons. Twenty tons of tallow +were spread upon the ways, and hydraulic +rams and triggers built and fixed against +the bulk of the ship so that, when the +moment came, the waters she was to conquer +should thrust her finally from earth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> + +<p>And the time did come. The branching +forest became clothed and thick with +leaves of steel. Within the scaffoldings +now towered the walls of the cathedral, +and what had been a network of girders +and cantilevers and gantries and bridges +became a building with floors, a ship +with decks. The skeleton ribs became +covered with skins of wood, the metal +decks clothed with planks smooth as a +ball-room floor. What had been a building +of iron became a town, with miles of +streets and hundreds of separate houses +and buildings in it. The streets were laid +out; the houses were decorated and furnished +with luxuries such as no palace +ever knew.</p> + +<p>And then, while men held their breath, +the whole thing moved, moved bodily, +obedient to the tap of the imprisoned +waters in the ram. There was no christening +ceremony such as celebrates the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +launching of lesser ships. Only the waters +themselves dared to give the impulse that +should set this monster afloat. The waters +touched the cradle, and the cradle moved +on the ways, carrying the ship down towards +the waters. And when the cradle +stopped the ship moved on; slowly at first, +then with a movement that grew quicker +until it increased to the speed of a fast-trotting +horse, touching the waters, dipping +into them, cleaving them, forcing +them asunder in waves and ripples that +fled astonished to the surrounding shores; +finally resting and floating upon them, +while thousands of the pigmy men who +had roosted in the bare iron branches, +who had raised the hideous clamour amid +which the giant was born, greeted their +handiwork, dropped their tools, and raised +their hoarse voices in a cheer.</p> + +<p>The miracle had happened. And the +day came when the two gray horses were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +summoned to their greatest task; when, +with necks proudly arched and their white +manes flung higher than ever, they escorted +the <i>Titanic</i> between the islands +out to sea.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="II" id="II"></a>II<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">A</span>t</span> noon on Wednesday, 10th April +1912, the <i>Titanic</i> started from +Southampton on her maiden +voyage. Small enough was her experience +of the sea before that day. Many +hands had handled her; many tugs had +fussed about her, pulling and pushing her +this way and that as she was manœuvred +in the waters of Belfast Lough and taken +out to the entrance to smell the sea. There +she had been swung and her compasses +adjusted. Three or four hours had sufficed +for her trial trip, and she had first +felt her own power in the Irish Sea, +when all her new machinery working +together, at first with a certain reserve +and diffidence, had tested and tried its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +various functions, and she had come down +through St. George’s Channel and round +by the Lizard, and past the Eddystone and +up the Solent to Southampton Water, +feeling a little hustled and strange, no +doubt, but finding this business of ploughing +the seas surprisingly easy after all. +And now, on the day of sailing, amid +the cheers of a crowd unusually vast +even for Southampton Docks, the largest +ship in the world slid away from the +deep-water jetty to begin her sea life in +earnest.</p> + +<p>In the first few minutes her giant powers +made themselves felt. As she was slowly +gathering way she passed the liner <i>New +York</i>, another ocean monarch, which was +lying like a rock moored by seven great +hawsers of iron and steel. As the <i>Titanic</i> +passed, some mysterious compelling influence +of the water displaced by her vast +bulk drew the <i>New York</i> towards her;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +snapped one by one the great steel hawsers +and pulled the liner from the quayside as +though she had been a cork. Not until +she was within fifteen feet of the <i>Titanic</i>, +when a collision seemed imminent, did +the ever-present tugs lay hold of her and +haul her back to captivity.</p> + +<p>Even to the most experienced traveller +the first few hours on a new ship are very +confusing; in the case of a ship like this, +containing the population of a village, +they are bewildering. So the eight hours +spent by the <i>Titanic</i> in crossing from +Southampton to Cherbourg would be +spent by most of her passengers in taking +their bearings, trying to find their way +about and looking into all the wonders of +which the voyage made them free. There +were luxuries enough in the second class, +and comforts enough in the third to make +the ship a wonder on that account alone; +but it was the first-class passengers, used<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +as they were to all the extravagant luxuries +of modern civilized life, on whom the discoveries +of that first day of sun and wind +in the Channel must have come with the +greatest surprise. They had heard the +ship described as a floating hotel; but as +they began to explore her they must have +found that she contained resources of a +perfection unattained by any hotel, and +luxuries of a kind unknown in palaces. +The beauties of French chateaux and of +English country-houses of the great period +had been dexterously combined with that +supreme form of comfort which the modern +English and Americans have raised to the +dignity of a fine art. Such a palace as a +great artist, a great epicure, a great poet +and the most spoilt and pampered woman +in the world might have conjured up from +their imagination in an idle hour was here +materialized and set, not in a fixed landscape +of park and woodland, but on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +dustless road of the sea, with the sunshine +of an English April pouring in on every +side, and the fresh salt airs of the Channel +filling every corner with tonic oxygen.</p> + +<p>Catalogues of marvels and mere descriptions +of wonders are tiresome reading, and +produce little effect on the mind; yet if +we are to realize the full significance of +this story of the <i>Titanic</i>, we must begin +as her passengers began, with an impression +of the lavish luxury and beauty which +was the setting of life on board. And we +can do no better than follow in imagination +the footsteps of one ideal voyager as +he must have discovered, piece by piece, +the wonders of this floating pleasure +house.</p> + +<p>If he was a wise traveller he would have +climbed to the highest point available as +the ship passed down the Solent, and +that would be the boat-deck, which was +afterwards to be the stage of so tragic a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +drama. At the forward end of it was the +bridge—that sacred area paved with snow-white +gratings and furnished with many +brightly-polished instruments. Here were +telephones to all the vital parts of the +ship, telegraphs to the engine room and +to the fo’c’stle head and after-bridge; revolving +switches for closing the water-tight +doors in case of emergency; speaking-tubes, +electric switches for operating +the foghorns and sirens—all the nerves, +in fact, necessary to convey impulses from +this brain of the ship to her various members. +Behind the bridge on either side +were the doors leading to the officers’ +quarters; behind them again, the Marconi +room—a mysterious temple full of glittering +machines of brass, vulcanite, glass, +and platinum, with straggling wires and +rows of switches and fuse boxes, and +a high priest, young, clean-shaven, alert +and intelligent, sitting with a telephone<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +cap over his head, sending out or receiving +the whispers of the ether. Behind +this opened the grand staircase, an imposing +sweep of decoration in the Early +English style, with plain and solid panelling +relieved here and there with lovely +specimens of deep and elaborate carving +in the manner of Grinling Gibbons; the +work of the two greatest wood-carvers in +England. Aft of this again the white +pathway of the deck led by the doors +and windows of the gymnasium, where +the athletes might keep in fine condition; +and beyond that the white roof above +ended and the rest was deck-space open +to the sun and the air, and perhaps also +to the smoke and smuts of the four vast +funnels that towered in buff and black +into the sky—each so vast that it would +have served as a tunnel for a railway train.</p> + +<p>But the ship has gathered way, and is +sliding along past the Needles, where the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +little white lighthouse looks so paltry +beside the towering cliff. The Channel +air is keen, and the bugles are sounding +for lunch; and our traveller goes down +the staircase, noticing perhaps, as he +passes, the great clock with its figures +which symbolize Honour and Glory +crowning Time. Honour and Glory must +have felt just a little restive as, having +crowned one o’clock, they looked down +from Time upon the throng of people +descending the staircase to lunch. There +were a few there who had earned, and +many who had received, the honour and +glory represented by extreme wealth; but +the two figures stooping over the clock +may have felt that Success crowning +Opportunity would have been a symbol +more befitting the first-class passengers +of the <i>Titanic</i>. Perhaps they looked +more kindly as one white-haired old man +passed beneath—W. T. Stead, that untiring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +old warrior and fierce campaigner +in peaceful causes, who in fields where +honour and glory were to be found sought +always for the true and not the false. +There were many kinds of men there—not +every kind, for it is not every man +who can pay from fifty to eight hundred +guineas for a four days’ journey; but +most kinds of men and women who can +afford to do that were represented there.</p> + +<p>Our solitary traveller, going down the +winding staircase, does not pause on the +first floor, for that leads forward to private +apartments, and aft to a writing-room +and library; nor on the second or third, +for the entrance-halls there lead to state-rooms; +but on the fourth floor down he +steps out into a reception room extending +to the full width of the ship and of almost +as great a length. Nothing of the sea’s +restrictions or discomforts here! Before +him is an Aubusson tapestry, copied from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +one of the “Chasses de Guise” series of +the National Garde-Meuble; and in this +wide apartment there is a sense, not of +the cramping necessities of the sea, but +of all the leisured and spacious life of the +land. Through this luxurious emptiness +the imposing dignities of the dining-saloon +are reached; and here indeed all the insolent +splendour of the ship is centred. It +was by far the largest room that had ever +floated upon the seas, and by far the +largest room that had ever moved from +one place to another. The seventeenth-century +style of Hatfield and Haddon +Hall had been translated from the sombreness +of oak to the lightness of enamelled +white. Artist-plasterers had moulded the +lovely Jacobean ceiling, artist-stainers had +designed and made the great painted +windows through which the bright sea-sunlight +was filtered; and when the whole +company of three hundred was seated at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +the tables it seemed not much more than +half full, since more than half as many +again could find places there without the +least crowding. There, amid the strains +of gay music and the hum of conversation +and the subdued clatter of silver and china +and the low throb of the engines, the gay +company takes its first meal on the +<i>Titanic</i>. And as our traveller sits there +solitary, he remembers that this is not all, +that in another great saloon farther off +another three hundred passengers of the +second-class are also at lunch, and that +on the floor below him another seven +hundred of the third-class, and in various +other places near a thousand of the crew, +are also having their meal. All a little +oppressive to read about, perhaps, but +wonderful to contrive and arrange. It is +what everyone is thinking and talking +about who sits at those luxurious tables, +loaded not with sea-fare, but with dainty<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +and perishable provisions for which half +the countries of the world have been laid +under tribute.</p> + +<p>The music flows on and the smooth +service accomplishes itself; Honour and +Glory, high up under the wrought-iron +dome of the staircase, are crowning another +hour of Time; and our traveller comes up +into the fresh air again in order to assure +himself that he is really at sea. The electric +lift whisks him up four storeys to the +deck again; there all around him are the +blue-gray waters of the Channel surging +in a white commotion past the towering +sides of the ship, spurned by the tremendous +rush and momentum of these fifty +thousand tons through the sea. This +time our traveller stops short of the boat-deck, +and begins to explore the far vaster +B deck which, sheltered throughout its +great length by the boat-deck above, and +free from all impediments, extends like a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> +vast white roadway on either side of the +central deck. Here the busy deck stewards +are arranging chairs in the places that +will be occupied by them throughout the +voyage. Here, as on the parade of a +fashionable park, people are taking their +walks in the afternoon sunshine.</p> + +<p>From the staircase forward the deck +houses are devoted to apartments which +are still by force of habit called cabins, +but which have nothing in fact to distinguish +them from the most luxurious habitations +ashore, except that no dust ever +enters them and that the air is always +fresh from the open spaces of the sea. +They are not for the solitary traveller; +but our friend perhaps is curious and peeps +in through an uncurtained window. There +is a complete habitation with bed-rooms, +sitting-room, bath-room and service-room +complete. They breathe an atmosphere +of more than mechanical luxury, more than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +material pleasures. Twin bedsteads, perfect +examples of Empire or Louis Seize, +symbolize the romance to which the most +extravagant luxury in the world is but a +minister. Instead of ports there are windows—windows +that look straight out on +to the blue sea, as might the windows of +a castle on a cliff. Instead of stoves or +radiators there are open grates, where fires +of sea-coal are burning brightly. Every +suite is in a different style, and each and +all are designed and furnished by artists; +and the love and repose of millionaires can +be celebrated in surroundings of Adam or +Hepplewhite, or Louis Quatorze or the +Empire, according to their tastes. And +for the hire of each of these theatres the +millionaire must pay some two hundred +guineas a day, with the privilege of being +quite alone, cut off from the common herd +who are only paying perhaps five-and-twenty +pounds a day, and with the privilege,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +if he chooses, of seeing nothing at +all that has to do with a ship, not even +the sea.</p> + +<p>For there is one thing that the designers +of this sea-palace seem to have +forgotten and seem to be a little ashamed +of—and that is the sea itself. There it +lies, an eternal prospect beyond these +curtained windows, by far the most lovely +and wonderful thing visible; but it seems +to be forgotten there. True, there is a +smoke-room at the after extremity of the +deck below this, whose windows look out +into a great verandah sheeted in with glass +from which you cannot help looking upon +the sea. But in order to counteract as +much as possible that austere and lovely +reminder of where we are, trellis-work has +been raised within the glass, and great +rose-trees spread and wander all over it, +reminding you by their crimson blossoms +of the earth and the land, and the scented<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +shelter of gardens that are far from the +boisterous stress of the sea. No spray +ever drifts in at these heights, no froth or +spume can ever in the wildest storms beat +upon this verandah. Here, too, as almost +everywhere else on the ship, you can, if +you will, forget the sea.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="III" id="III"></a>III<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>he</span> first afternoon at sea seems +long: every face is strange, and it +seems as though in so vast a crowd +none will ever become familiar, although +one of the miracles of sea-life is the way +in which the blurred crowd resolves itself +into individual units, each of which has +its character and significance. And if we +are really to know and understand and +not merely to hear with our ears the tale +of what happened to the greatest ship in +the world, we must first prepare and soak +our minds in her atmosphere, and take in +imagination that very voyage which began +so happily on this April day. At the end +of the afternoon came the coast of France, +and Cherbourg—a sunset memory of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +long breakwater, a distant cliff crowned +with a white building, a fussing of tugs +and hasty transference of passengers and +mails; and finally the lighthouse showing +a golden star against the sunset, when +the great ship’s head was turned to the +red west, and the muffled and murmuring +song of the engines was taken up again. +Perhaps our traveller, bent upon more +discoveries, dined that night not in the +saloon, but in the restaurant, and, following +the illuminated electric signs that +pointed the way along the numerous +streets and roads of the ship, found his +way aft to the Café-Restaurant; where +instead of stewards were French waiters +and a <i>maître d’hotel</i> from Paris, and all +the perfection of that perfect and expensive +service which condescends to give you +a meal for something under a five-pound +note; where, surrounded by Louis Seize +panelling of fawn-coloured walnut, you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +may on this April evening eat your +plovers’ eggs and strawberries, and drink +your 1900 Clicquot, and that in perfect +oblivion of the surrounding sea. Afterwards, +perhaps, a stroll on the deck amid +groups of people, not swathed in pea-jackets +or oilskins, but attired as though +for the opera; and all the time, in an atmosphere +golden with light, and musical +with low-talking voices and the yearning +strains of a waltz, driving five-and-twenty +miles an hour westward, with the black +night and the sea all about us. And then +to bed, not in a bunk in a cabin but in a +bedstead in a quiet room with a telephone +through which to speak to any one of two +thousand people, and a message handed +in before you go to sleep that someone +wrote in New York since you rose from +the dinner-table.</p> + +<p>The next morning the scene at Cherbourg +was repeated, with the fair green<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +shores of Cork Harbour instead of the +cliffs of France for its setting; and then +quietly, without fuss, in the early afternoon +of Thursday, out round the green +point, beyond the headland, and the great +ship has steadied on her course and on +the long sea-road at last. How worn it is! +How seamed and furrowed and printed +with the track-lines of journeys innumerable; +how changing, and yet how unchanged—the +road that leads to Archangel +or Sicily, to Ceylon or to the frozen +Pole; the old road that leads to the ruined +gateways of Phoenicia, of Venice, of Tyre; +the new road that leads to new lives and +new lands; the dustless road, the long +road that all must travel who in body or +in spirit would really discover a new +world. And travel on it as you may for +tens of thousands of miles, you come +back to it always with the same sense of +expectation, never wholly disappointed;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +and always with the same certainty that +you will find at the turn or corner of the +road, either some new thing or the renewal +of something old.</p> + +<p>There is no human experience in which +the phenomena of small varieties within +one large monotony are so clearly exemplified +as in a sea-voyage. The dreary +beginnings of docks, of baggage, and +soiled harbour water; the quite hopeless +confusion of strange faces—faces entirely +collective, comprising a mere crowd; the +busy highway of the Channel, sunlit or +dim with mist or rain, or lighted and +bright at night like the main street +of a city; the last outpost, the Lizard, +with its high gray cliffs, green-roofed, +with tiny homesteads perched on the +ridge; or Ushant, that tall monitory +tower upstanding on the melancholy +misty flats; or the solitary Fastnet, +lonely, ultimate and watching—these form<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +the familiar overture to the subsequent +isolation and vacancy of the long road +itself. There are the same day and night +of disturbance, the vacant places at table, +the prone figures, swathed and motionless +in deck-chairs, the morning of brilliant +sunshine, when the light that streams +into the cabins has a vernal strangeness +and wonder for town-dimmed eyes; the +gradual emergence of new faces and +doubtful staggering back of the demoralized +to the blessed freshness of the upper +air; the tentative formation of groups +and experimental alliances, the rapid disintegration +of these and re-formation on +entirely new lines; and then that miracle +of unending interest and wonder, that the +faces that were only the blurred material +of a crowd begin one by one to emerge +from the background and detach themselves +from the mass, to take on identity, +individuality, character, till what was a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +crowd of uninteresting, unidentified humanity +becomes a collection of individual +persons with whom one’s destinies +for the time are strangely and unaccountably +bound up; among whom one may +have acquaintances, friends, or perhaps +enemies; who for the inside of a week +are all one’s world of men and women.</p> + +<p>There are few alterative agents so +powerful and sure in their working as +latitude and longitude; and as we slide +across new degrees, habit, association, +custom, and ideas slip one by one imperceptibly +away from us; we come really +into a new world, and if we had no hearts +and no memories we should soon become +different people. But the heart lives its +own life, spinning gossamer threads that +float away astern across time and space, +joining us invisibly to that which made +and fashioned us, and to which we hope +to return.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="IV" id="IV"></a>IV<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">W</span>onderful</span>, even for experienced +travellers, is that first +waking to a day on which there +shall be no sight of the shore, and the +first of several days of isolation in the +world of a ship. There is a quality in the +morning sunshine at sea as it streams +into the ship and is reflected in the white +paint and sparkling water of the bath-rooms, +and in the breeze that blows cool +and pure along the corridors, that is like +nothing else. The company on the <i>Titanic</i> +woke up on Friday morning to begin in +earnest their four days of isolated life. +Our traveller, who has found out so many +things about the ship, has not found out +everything yet; and he continues his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +explorations, with the advantage, perhaps, +of a special permit from the Captain +or Chief Engineer to explore other +quarters of the floating city besides that +in which he lives. Let us, with him, try +to form some general conception of the +internal arrangements of the ship.</p> + +<p>The great superstructure of decks amidships +which catches the eye so prominently +in a picture or photograph, was but, in +reality, a small part, although the most +luxurious part, of the vessel. Speaking +roughly, one might describe it as consisting +of three decks, five hundred feet +long, devoted almost exclusively to the +accommodation of first-class passengers, +with the exception of the officers’ quarters +(situated immediately aft of the bridge on +the top deck of all), and the second-class +smoking-room and library, at the after +end of the superstructure on the third and +fourth decks. With these exceptions, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +this great four-storied building were +situated all the most magnificent and +palatial accommodations of the ship. +Immediately beneath it, amidships, in the +steadiest part of the vessel where any +movement would be least felt, was the +first-class dining saloon, with the pantries +and kitchens immediately aft of it. Two +decks below it were the third-class dining +saloons and kitchens; below them again, +separated by a heavy steel deck, were the +boiler-rooms and coal bunkers, resting on +the cellular double bottom of the ship. +Immediately aft of the boiler-rooms came +the two engine-rooms; the forward and +larger one of the two contained the reciprocating +engines which drove the twin +screws, and the after one the turbine +engine for driving the large centre propeller.</p> + +<p>Forward and aft of this centre part of +the ship, which in reality occupied about<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +two-thirds of her whole length, were two +smaller sections, divided (again one speaks +roughly) between second-class accommodation, +stores and cargo in the stern +section, and third-class berths, crew’s +quarters and cargo in the bow section. +But although the first-class accommodation +was all amidships, and the second-class +all aft, that of the third-class was +scattered about in such blank spaces as +could be found for it. Thus most of the +berths were forward, immediately behind +the fo’c’stle, some were right aft; the +dining-room was amidships, and the +smoke-room in the extreme stern, over +the rudder; and to enjoy a smoke or +game of cards a third-class passenger +who was berthed forward would have to +walk the whole length of the ship and +back again, a walk not far short of half +a mile. This gives one an idea of how +much more the ship resembled a town<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +than a house. A third-class passenger +did not walk from his bedroom to his +parlour; he walked from the house where +he lived in the forward part of the ship +to the club a quarter of a mile away where +he was to meet his friends.</p> + +<p>If, thinking of the <i>Titanic</i> storming +along westward across the Atlantic, you +could imagine her to be split in half from +bow to stern so that you could look, as +one looks at the section of a hive, upon +all her manifold life thus suddenly laid +bare, you would find in her a microcosm +of civilized society. Up on the top are +the rulers, surrounded by the rich and the +luxurious, enjoying the best of everything; +a little way below them their servants and +parasites, ministering not so much to +their necessities as to their luxuries; lower +down still, at the very base and foundation +of all, the fierce and terrible labour +of the stokeholds, where the black slaves<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +are shovelling and shovelling as though +for dear life, endlessly pouring coal into +furnaces that devoured it and yet ever demanded +a new supply—horrible labour, +joyless life; and yet the labour that gives +life and movement to the whole ship. Up +above are all the beautiful things, the +pleasant things; down below are the +terrible and necessary things. Up above +are the people who rest and enjoy; down +below the people who sweat and suffer.</p> + +<p>Consider too the whirl of life and multitude +of human employments that you +would have found had you peered into +this section of the ship that we are supposing +to have been laid bare. Honour +and Glory, let us say, have just crowned +ten o’clock in the morning beneath the +great dome of glass and iron that covers +the central staircase. Someone has just +come down and posted a notice on the +board—a piece of wireless news of something<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +that happened in London last night. +In one of the sunny bed-rooms (for our +section lays everything bare) someone is +turning over in bed again and telling a +maid to shut out the sun. Eighty feet +below her the black slaves are working in +a fiery pit; ten feet below them is the +green sea. A business-like-looking group +have just settled down to bridge in the +first-class smoking-room. The sea does +not exist for them, nor the ship; the +roses that bloom upon the trellis-work by +the verandah interest them no more than +the pageant of white clouds which they +could see if they looked out of the wide +windows. Down below the chief steward, +attended by his satellites, is visiting the +stores and getting from the store-keeper +the necessaries for his day’s catering. He +has plenty to draw from. In those cold +chambers behind the engine-room are +gathered provisions which seem almost<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +inexhaustible for any population; for the +imagination does not properly take in the +meaning of such items as a hundred thousand +pounds of beef, thirty thousand fresh +eggs, fifty tons of potatoes, a thousand +pounds of tea, twelve hundred quarts of +cream. In charge of the chief steward +also, to be checked by him at the end of +each voyage, are the china and glass, the +cutlery and plate of the ship, amounting +in all to some ninety thousand pieces. +But there he is, quietly at work with the +store-keeper; and not far from him, in +another room or series of rooms, another +official dealing with the thousands upon +thousands of pieces of linen for bed and +table with which the town is supplied.</p> + +<p>Everything is on a monstrous scale. +The centre anchor, which it took a team +of sixteen great horses to drag on a wooden +trolley, weighs over fifteen tons; its cable +will hold a dead weight of three hundred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +tons. The very rudder, that mere slender +and almost invisible appendage under the +counter, is eighty feet high and weighs a +hundred tons. The men on the look-out +do not climb up the shrouds and ratlines +in the old sea fashion; the mast is hollow +and contains a stairway; there is a door +in it from which they come out to take +their place in the crow’s nest.</p> + +<p>Are you weary of such statistics? They +were among the things on which men +thought with pride on those sunny April +days in the Atlantic. Man can seldom +think of himself apart from his environment, +and the house and place in which +he lives are ever a preoccupation with all +men. From the clerk in his little jerry-built +villa to the king in his castle, what +the house is, what it is built of, how it is +equipped and adorned, are matters of +vital interest. And if that is true of land, +where all the webs of life are connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +and intercrossed, how much more must it +be true when a man sets his house afloat +upon the sea; detaches it from all other +houses and from the world, and literally +commits himself to it. This was the +greatest sea town that had ever been built; +these were the first inhabitants of it; +theirs were the first lives that were lived +in these lovely rooms; this was one of +the greatest companies that had ever been +afloat together within the walls of one +ship. No wonder they were proud; no +wonder they were preoccupied with the +source of their pride.</p> + +<p>But things stranger still to the life of +the sea are happening in some of the +hundreds of cells which our giant section-knife +has laid bare. An orchestra is practising +in one of them; in another, some +one is catching live trout from a pond; +Post Office sorters are busy in another +with letters for every quarter of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +western world; in a garage, mechanicians +are cleaning half a dozen motor-cars; the +rippling tones of a piano sound from a +drawing-room where people are quietly +reading in deep velvet armchairs surrounded +by books and hothouse flowers; +in another division people are diving and +swimming in a great bath in water deep +enough to drown a tall man; in another +an energetic game of squash racquets is +in progress; and in great open spaces, +on which it is only surprising that turf is +not laid, people by hundreds are sunning +themselves and breathing the fresh air, +utterly unconscious of all these other +activities on which we have been looking. +For even here, as elsewhere, half of the +world does not know and does not care +how the other half lives.</p> + +<p>All this magnitude had been designed +and adapted for the realization of two +chief ends—comfort and stability. We<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +have perhaps heard enough about the +arrangements for comfort; but the more +vital matter had received no less anxious +attention. Practically all of the space +below the water-line was occupied by the +heaviest things in the ship—the boilers, +the engines, the coal bunkers and the +cargo. And the arrangement of her bulkheads, +those tough steel walls that divide +a ship’s hull into separate compartments, +was such that her designers believed that +no possible accident short of an explosion +in her boilers could sink her. If she +rammed any obstruction head on, her +bows might crumple up, but the steel +walls stretching across her hull—and +there were fifteen of them—would prevent +the damage spreading far enough +aft to sink her. If her broadside was +rammed by another ship, and one or even +two of these compartments pierced, even +then the rest would be sufficient to hold<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +her up at least for a day or two. These +bulkheads were constructed of heavy sheet +steel, and extended from the very bottom +of the ship to a point well above the +water-line. Necessarily there were openings +in them in order to make possible +communication between the different parts +of the ship. These openings were the size +of an ordinary doorway and fitted with +heavy steel doors—not hinged doors, +but panels, sliding closely in water-tight +grooves on either side of the opening. +There were several ways of closing them; +but once closed they offered a resistance +as solid as that of the bulkheads.</p> + +<p>The method of opening and closing +them was one of the many marvels of +modern engineering. The heavy steel +doors were held up above the openings +by a series of friction clutches. Up on +the bridge were switches connected with +powerful electro-magnets at the side of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +the bulkhead openings. The operation of +the switches caused each magnet to draw +down a heavy weight which instantly released +the friction clutches, so that the +doors would slide down in a second or +two into their places, a gong ringing at +the same time to warn anyone who might +be passing through to get out of the way. +The clutches could also be released by +hand. But if for any reason the electric +machinery should fail, there was a provision +made for closing them automatically +in case the ship should be flooded +with water. Down in the double bottom +of the ship were arranged a series of floats +connected with each set of bulkhead doors. +In the event of water reaching the compartment +below the doors, it would raise +the floats, which, in their turn, would release +the clutches and drop the doors. +These great bulkheads were no new experiment; +they had been tried and proved.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +When the White Star liner <i>Suevic</i> was +wrecked a few years ago off the Lizard, +it was decided to divide the part of her +which was floating from the part which +was embedded in the rocks; and she was +cut in two just forward of the main collision +bulkhead, and the larger half of her +towed into port with no other protection +from the sea than this vast steel wall +which, nevertheless, easily kept her afloat. +And numberless other ships have owed +their lives to the resisting power of these +steel bulkheads and the quick operation of +the sliding doors.</p> + +<p>As for the enormous weight that made +for the <i>Titanic’s</i> stability, it was, as I +have said, contained chiefly in the boilers, +machinery and coal. The coal bunkers +were like a lining running round the boilers, +not only at the sides of the ship, but +also across her whole breadth, thus increasing +the solidity of the steel bulkheads;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +and when it is remembered that her +steam was supplied by twenty-nine boilers, +each of them the size of a large room, +and fired by a hundred and fifty-nine furnaces, +the enormous weight of this part +of the ship may be dimly realized.</p> + +<p>There are two lives lived side by side +on such a voyage, the life of the passengers +and the life of the ship. From a +place high up on the boat-deck our traveller +can watch the progress of these two +lives. The passengers play games or +walk about, or sit idling drowsily in +deck chairs, with their eyes straying constantly +from the unheeded book to the +long horizon, or noting the trivial doings +of other idlers. The chatter of their +voices, the sound of their games, the +faint tinkle of music floating up from the +music-room are eloquent of one of these +double lives; there on the bridge is an +expression of the other—the bridge in all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> +its spick-and-span sanctities, with the +officers of the watch in their trim uniform, +the stolid quartermaster at the wheel, +and his equally stolid companion of the +watch who dreams his four hours away +on the starboard side of the bridge almost +as motionless as the bright brass binnacles +and standards, and the telegraphs +that point unchangeably down to Full +Ahead....</p> + +<p>The Officer of the watch has a sextant +at his eye. One by one the Captain, the +Chief, the Second and the Fourth, all +come silently up and direct their sextants +to the horizon. The quartermaster comes +and touches his cap: “Twelve o’clock, +Sir.” There is silence—a deep sunny +silence, broken only by the low tones of +the Captain to the Chief: “What have +you got?” says the Captain. “Thirty,” +says the Chief, “Twenty-nine,” says the +Third. There is another space of sunny<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +silent seconds; the Captain takes down +his sextant. “Make it eight bells,” he +says. Four double strokes resound from +the bridge and are echoed from the fo’c’stle +head; and the great moment of the +day, the moment that means so much, is +over. The officers retire with pencils and +papers and tables of logarithms; the clock +on the staircase is put back, and the day’s +run posted; from the deck float up the +sounds of a waltz and laughing voices; +Time and the world flow on with us again.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="V" id="V"></a>V<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">F</span>or</span> anything that the eye could see +the <i>Titanic</i>, in all her strength and +splendour, was solitary on the ocean. +From the highest of her decks nothing +could be seen but sea and sky, a vast +circle of floor and dome of which, for all +her speed of five-and-twenty miles an hour, +she remained always the centre. But it +was only to the sense of sight that she +seemed thus solitary. The North Atlantic, +waste of waters though it appears, is +really a country crossed and divided by +countless tracks as familiar to the seaman +as though they were roads marked by +trees and milestones. Latitude and longitude, +which to a landsman seem mere +mathematical abstractions, represent to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +seamen thousands and thousands of definite +points which, in their relation to +sun and stars and the measured lapse of +time, are each as familiar and as accessible +as any spot on a main road is to a +landsman. The officer on the bridge may +see nothing through his glasses but clouds +and waves, yet in his mind’s eye he sees +not only his own position on the map, +which he could fix accurately within a +quarter of a mile, but the movements of +dozens of other ships coming or going +along the great highways. Each ship +takes its own road, but it is a road that +passes through a certain known territory; +the great liners all know each other’s +movements and where or when they are +likely to meet. Many of such meetings +are invisible; it is called a meeting at sea +if ships pass twenty or thirty miles away +from each other and far out of sight.</p> + +<p>For there are other senses besides that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +of sight which now pierce the darkness +and span the waste distances of the ocean. +It is no voiceless solitude through which +the <i>Titanic</i> goes on her way. It is full of +whispers, summonses, questions, narratives; +full of information to the listening +ear. High up on the boat deck the little +white house to which the wires straggle +down from the looped threads between the +mastheads is full of the voices of invisible +ships that are coming and going beyond +the horizon. The wireless impulse is too +delicate to be used to actuate a needle like +that of the ordinary telegraph; a little +voice is given to it, and with this it speaks +to the operator who sits with the telephone +cap strapped over his ears; a whining, +buzzing voice, speaking not in words +but in rhythms, corresponding to the dots +and dashes made on paper, out of which +a whole alphabet has been evolved. And +the wireless is the greatest gossip in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +world. It repeats everything it hears; it +tells the listener everyone else’s business; +it speaks to him of the affairs of other +people as well as his own. It is an ever-present +eavesdropper, and tells you what +other people are saying to one another in +exactly the same voice in which they speak +to you. When it is sending your messages +it shouts, splitting the air with crackling +flashes of forked blue fire; but when it has +anything to say to you it whispers in your +ear in whining, insinuating confidence. +And you must listen attentively and with +a mind concentrated on your own business +if you are to receive from it what concerns +you, and reject what does not; for it is +not always the loudest whisper that is +the most important. The messages come +from near and far, now like the rasp of a +file in your ear, and now in a thread of +sound as fine as the whine of a mosquito; +and if the mosquito voice is the one that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +is speaking to you from far away, you +may often be interrupted by the loud and +empty buzzing of one nearer neighbour +speaking to another and loudly interrupting +the message which concerns you.</p> + +<p>Listening to these voices in the Marconi +room of the <i>Titanic</i>, and controlling her +articulation and hearing, were two young +men, little more than boys, but boys of a +rare quality, children of the golden age of +electricity. Educated in an abstruse and +delicate science, and loving the sea for its +largeness and adventure, they had come—Phillips +at the age of twenty-six, and +Bride in the ripe maturity of twenty-one—to +wield for the <i>Titanic</i> the electric +forces of the ether, and to direct her utterance +and hearing on the ocean. And as +they sat there that Friday and Saturday +they must have heard, as was their usual +routine, all the whispers of the ships for +two hundred miles round them, their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +trained faculties almost automatically rejecting +the unessential, receiving and attending +to the essential. They heard talk +of many things, talk in fragments and in +the strange rhythmic language that they +had come to know like a mother tongue; +talk of cargoes, talk of money and business, +of transactions involving thousands +of pounds; trivial talk of the emotions, +greetings and good wishes exchanged on +the high seas; endless figures of latitude +and longitude—for a ship is an eternal +egoist and begins all her communications +by an announcement of Who she is and +Where she is. Ships are chiefly interested +in weather and cargo, and their wireless +talk on their own account is constantly +of these things; but most often of the +weather. One ship may be pursuing her +way under a calm sky and in smooth +waters, while two hundred miles away a +neighbour may be in the middle of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +storm; and so the ships talk to one +another of the weather, and combine their +forces against it, and, by altering course +a little, or rushing ahead, or hanging +back, cheat and dodge those malignant +forces which are ever pursuing them.</p> + +<p>But in these April days there was nothing +much to be said about the weather. +The winds and the storms were quiet +here; they were busy perhaps up in +Labrador or furiously raging about Cape +Horn, but they had deserted for the time +the North Atlantic, and all the ships +ploughed steadily on in sunshine and +smooth seas. Here and there, however, +a whisper came to Phillips or Bride about +something which, though not exactly +weather, was as deeply interesting to the +journeying ships—ice. Just a whisper, +nothing more, listened to up there in the +sunny Marconi room, recorded, dealt +with, and forgotten. “I have just come<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +through bad field-ice,” whispers one ship; +“April ice very far south,” says another; +and Phillips taps out his “O.K., O.M.,” +which is a kind of cockney Marconi for +“All right, old man.” And many other +messages come and go, of money and +cargoes, and crops and the making of +laws; but just now and then a pin-prick +of reminder between all these other topics +comes the word—<small>ICE</small>.</p> + +<p>April ice and April weed are two of +the most lovely products of the North +Atlantic, but they are strangely opposite +in their bearings on human destiny. The +lovely golden April weed that is gathered +all round the west coast of Ireland, and +is burnt for indigo, keeps a whole peasant +population in food and clothing for +the rest of the year; the April ice, which +comes drifting down on the Arctic current +from the glacier slopes of Labrador +or the plateau of North Greenland, keeps<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +the seafaring population of the North +Atlantic in doubt and anxiety throughout +the spring and summer. Lovely indeed +are some of these icebergs that glitter in +the sun like fairy islands or the pinnacles +of Valhalla; and dreamy and gentle is +their drifting movement as they come +down on the current by Newfoundland +and round Cape Race, where, meeting +the east-going Gulf Stream, they are +gradually melted and lost in the waters of +the Atlantic. Northward in the drift are +often field-ice and vast floes; the great +detached bergs sail farther south into the +steamship tracks, and are what are most +carefully looked for. This April there +was abundance of evidence that the field-ice +had come farther south than usual. +The <i>Empress of Britain</i>, which passed +the <i>Titanic</i> on Friday, reported an immense +quantity of floating ice in the +neighbourhood of Cape Race. When she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +arrived in Liverpool it transpired that, +when three days out from Halifax, Nova +Scotia, she encountered an ice-field, a +hundred miles in extent, with enormous +bergs which appeared to be joined to the +ice-field, forming an immense white line, +broken with peaks and pinnacles on the +horizon. The <i>Carmania</i> and the <i>Nicaragua</i>, +which were going westward ahead +of the <i>Titanic</i>, had both become entangled +in ice, and the <i>Nicaragua</i> had sustained +considerable damage. And day by +day, almost hour by hour, news was +coming in from other ships commenting +on the unusual extent southward of the +ice-field, and on the unusual number of +icebergs which they had encountered. No +doubt many of the passengers on the +<i>Titanic</i> were hoping that they would +meet with some; it is one of the chief +interests of the North Atlantic voyage in +the spring and summer; and nothing is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +more lovely in the bright sunshine of day +than the sight of one of these giant +islands, with its mountain-peaks sparkling +in the sun, and blue waves breaking +on its crystal shores; nothing more impressive +than the thought, as one looks +at it, that high as its glittering towers +and pinnacles may soar towards heaven +there is eight times as great a depth of +ice extending downwards into the dark +sea. It is only at night, or when the +waters are covered with a thick fog produced +by the contact of the ice with the +warmer water, that navigating officers, +peering forward into the mist, know how +dreadful may be the presence of one of +these sheeted monsters, the ghostly highwaymen +of the sea.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="VI" id="VI"></a>VI<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">I</span>nformation</span> like this, however, +only concerned the little group of +executive officers who took their turns +in tramping up and down the white gratings +of the bridge. It was all part of their +routine; it was what they expected to +hear at this time of the year and in this +part of the ocean; there was nothing +specially interesting to them in the gossip +of the wireless voices. Whatever they +heard, we may be sure they did not talk +about it to the passengers. For there is +one paramount rule observed by the +officers of passenger liners—and that is +to make everything as pleasant as possible +for the passengers. If there is any +danger, they are the last to hear of it; if<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +anything unpleasant happens on board, +such as an accident or a death, knowledge +of it is kept from as many of them as +possible. Whatever may be happening, +short of an apparent and obvious extremity, +it is the duty of the ship’s company +to help the passenger to believe that he +lives and moves and has his being in a +kind of Paradise, at the doors of which +there are no lurking dangers and in which +happiness and pleasure are the first duties +of every inhabitant.</p> + +<p>And who were the people who composed +the population of this journeying town? +Subsequent events made their names +known to us—vast lists of names filling +columns of the newspapers; but to the +majority they are names and nothing else. +Hardly anyone living knew more than a +dozen of them personally; and try as we +may it is very hard to see them, as their +fellow voyagers must have seen them, as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +individual human beings with recognizable +faces and characters of their own. Of the +three hundred odd first-class passengers +the majority were Americans—rich and +prosperous people, engaged for the most +part in the simple occupation of buying +things as cheaply as possible, selling them +as dearly as possible, and trying to find +some agreeable way of spending the difference +on themselves. Of the three hundred +odd second-class passengers probably the +majority were English, many of them of +the minor professional classes and many +going either to visit friends or to take up +situations in the western world. But the +thousand odd steerage passengers represented +a kind of Babel of nationalities, all +the world in little, united by nothing except +poverty and the fact that they were +in a transition stage of their existence, +leaving behind them for the most part +a life of failure and hopelessness, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> +looking forward to a new life of success +and hope: Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans, +missionaries and heathen, +Russians, Poles, Greeks, Roumanians, +Germans, Italians, Chinese, Finns, +Spaniards, English, and French—with a +strong contingent of Irish, the inevitable +link in that melancholy chain of emigration +that has united Ireland and America +since the Famine. But there were other +differences, besides those of their condition +and geographical distribution on the +ship, that divided its inhabitants. For the +first-class passengers the world was a very +small place, about which many of them +were accustomed to hurry in an important +way in the process of spending and getting +their money, taking an Atlantic liner as +humbler people take a tramcar, without +giving much thought to it or laying +elaborate plans, running backwards and +forwards across the Atlantic and its dangers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +as children run across the road in +front of a motor car. They were going to +America this week; they would probably +come back next week or the week after. +They were the people for whom the +<i>Titanic</i> had specially been designed; it +was for them that all the luxuries had +been contrived, so that in their runnings +backwards and forwards they should not +find the long days tedious or themselves +divorced from the kind of accompaniments +to life which they had come to regard as +necessities.</p> + +<p>But for the people in the steerage this +was no hurrying trip between one business +office and another; no hasty holiday +arranged to sandwich ten thousand miles +of ozone as a refresher between two business +engagements. This westward progress +was for them part of the drift of +their lives, loosening them from their +native soil to scatter and distribute them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +over the New World, in the hope that in +fresher soil and less crowded conditions +they would strike new roots and begin a +new life. The road they travelled was for +most of them a road to be travelled once +only, a road they knew they would never +retrace. For them almost exclusively was +reserved that strange sense of looking +down over the stern of the ship into the +boiling commotion of the churned-up +waters, the maelstrom of snow under the +counter merging into the pale green highway +that lay straight behind them to the +horizon, and of knowing that it was a +road that divided them from home, a road +that grew a mile longer with every three +minutes of their storming progress. Other +ships would follow on the road; other +ships would turn and come again, and +drive their way straight back over the +white foam to where, with a sudden +plunging and turning of screws in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +green harbour water of home, the road +had begun. But they who looked back +from the steerage quarters of the <i>Titanic</i> +would not return; and they, alone of all +the passengers on the ship, knew it.</p> + +<p>And that is all we can know or imagine +about them; but it is probably more than +most of the fortunate ones on the snowy +upper decks cared to know or imagine. Up +there also there were distinctions; some +of the travellers there, for example, were +so rich that they were conspicuous for +riches, even in a population like this—and +I imagine that the standard of wealth is +higher in the first-class population of an +Atlantic liner than in any other group of +people in the world. There were four men +there who represented between them the +possession of some seventy millions of +money—John Jacob Astor, Isidore Straus, +George D. Widener, and Benjamin Guggenheim +their names; and it was said<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +that there were twenty who represented a +fortune of a hundred millions between +them—an interesting, though not an important, +fact. But there were people there +conspicuous for other things than their +wealth. There was William T. Stead who, +without any wealth at all, had in some +respects changed the thought and social +destinies of England; there was Francis +Millet, a painter who had attained to +eminence in America and who had recently +been head of the American Academy in +Rome; there was an eminent motorist, +an eminent master of hounds, an eminent +baseball player, an eminent poloist; and +there was Major Archibald Butt, the +satellite and right-hand man of Presidents, +who had had a typical American career +as newspaper correspondent, secretary, +soldier, diplomatist, aide-de-camp, and +novelist. There was Mr. Ismay, the most +important man on the ship, for as head<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +of the White Star Line he was practically +her owner. He was accompanying her on +her maiden voyage with no other object +than to find out wherein she was defective, +so that her younger sister might excel +her. He may be said to have accomplished +his purpose; and of all the people who +took this voyage he is probably the only +one who succeeded in what he set out to +do. There was Mr. Andrews, one of the +designers of the <i>Titanic</i>, who had come +to enjoy the triumph of his giant child; +and there were several others also, denizens +of that great forest of iron in Belfast +Lough, who had seen her and known her +when she was a cathedral building within +a scaffolding, the most solid and immovable +thing in their world. These, the +friends and companions of her infancy, +had come too, we may suppose, to admire +her in her moment of success, as the +nurses and humble attendants of some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +beautiful girl will watch in a body her +departure for the triumphs of her first +ball.</p> + +<p>Of all this throng I had personal knowledge +of only two; and yet the two happened +to be extremely typical. I knew +John Jacob Astor a few years ago in New +York, when he sometimes seemed like +a polite skeleton in his own gay house; +an able but superficially unprepossessing +man, so rich that it was almost impossible +to know accurately anything about him—a +man, I should say, to whom money +had been nothing but a handicap from +his earliest days. He was typical of this +company because he was so conspicuous +and so unknown; for when a man has +thirty millions of money the world hears +about his doings and possessions endlessly, +but knows little of the man himself. +It is enough to say that there were good +things and bad things credited to his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +account, of which the good were much +more unlikely and surprising than the bad.</p> + +<p>The other man—and how different!—was +Christopher Head. He was typical +too, typical of that almost anonymous +world that keeps the name of England +liked and respected everywhere. I said +that he was typical because these few +conspicuous names that I have mentioned +represent only one narrow class of mankind; +among the unnamed and the unknown +you may be sure, if you have any +wide experience of collective humanity, +that virtues and qualities far more striking +and far more admirable were included. +Christopher Head was mild and unassuming, +and one of the most attractive +of men, for wherever he went he left a +sense of serenity and security; and he +walked through life with a keen, observant +intelligence. Outside Lloyd’s, of which +great corporation he was a member, his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> +interests were chiefly artistic, and he used +his interest and knowledge in the best +possible way for the public good when he +was Mayor of Chelsea, and made his influence +felt by imparting some quite new +and much-needed ideals into that civic +office.... But two known faces do not +make a crowd familiar; and nothing will +bring most of us any nearer to the knowledge +of these voyagers than will the +knowledge of what happened to them.</p> + +<p>One thing we do know—a small thing +and yet illuminating to our picture. There +were many young people on board, many +newly married, and some, we may be sure, +for whom the voyage represented the gateway +to romance; for no Atlantic liner ever +sailed with a full complement and set down +all its passengers in the emotional state in +which it took them up. The sea is a great +match-maker; and in those long monotonous +hours of solitude many flowers of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +the heart blossom and many minds and +characters strike out towards each other +in new and undreamed-of sympathy.</p> + +<p>Of this we may be as sure as of the +existence of the ship: that there were on +board the <i>Titanic</i> people watching the +slip of moon setting early on those April +nights for whom time and the world +were quite arrested in their course, and +for whom the whole ship and her teeming +activities were but frame and setting for +the perfect moment of their lives; for +whom the thronging multitudes of their +fellow passengers were but a blurred background +against which the colour of their +joy stood sharp and clear. The fields of +foam-flecked blue, sunlit or cloud-shadowed +by day; the starlight on the waters; +the slow and scarcely perceptible swinging +of the ship’s rail against the violet and +spangled sky; the low murmur of voices, +the liquid notes of violins, the trampling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +tune of the engines—to how many others +have not these been the properties of a +magic world; for how many others, as +long as men continue to go in ships upon +the sea, will they not be the symbols of a +joy that is as old as time, and that is found +to be new by every generation! For this +also is one of the gifts of the sea, and one +of the territories through which the long +road passes.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="VII" id="VII"></a>VII<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">S</span>unday</span> came, with nothing to +mark it except the morning service +in the saloon—a function that by +reason of its novelty, attracts some people +at sea who do not associate it with the +shore. One thing, however, fire or boat +muster, which usually marks Sunday at +sea, and gives it a little variety, did not +for some reason take place. It is one of +the few variants of the monotony of shipboard +life, where anything in the nature +of a spectacle is welcomed; and most +travellers are familiar with the stir caused +by the sudden hoarse blast of the foghorn +and the subsequent patter of feet +and appearance from below of all kinds +of people whose existence the passenger<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +had hardly suspected. Stewards, sailors, +firemen, engineers, nurses, bakers, +butchers, cooks, florists, barbers, carpenters, +and stewardesses, ranged in two +immense lines along the boat deck, answer +to their names and are told off, according +to their numbers, to take charge of certain +boats. This muster did not take place on +the <i>Titanic</i>; if it had it would have revealed +to any observant passenger the +fact that the whole crew of nine hundred +would have occupied all the available accommodation +in the boats hanging on the +davits and left no room for any passengers. +For the men who designed and built +the <i>Titanic</i>, who knew the tremendous +strength of the girders and cantilevers +and bulkheads which took the thrust and +pull of every strain that she might undergo, +had thought of boats rather as a +superfluity, dating from the days when +ships were vulnerable, when they sprang<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +leaks and might sink in the high seas. +In their pride they had said “the <i>Titanic</i> +cannot spring a leak.” So there was no +boat muster, and the routine occupations +of Sunday went on unvaried and undisturbed. +Only in the Marconi room was +the monotony varied, for something had +gone wrong with the delicate electrical +apparatus, and the wireless voice was +silent; and throughout the morning and +afternoon, for seven hours, Phillips and +Bride were hard at work testing and +searching for the little fault that had cut +them off from the world of voices. And +at last they found it, and the whining and +buzzing began again. But it told them +nothing new; only the same story, whispered +this time from the <i>Californian</i>—the +story of ice.</p> + +<p>The day wore on, the dusk fell, lights +one by one sprang up and shone within +the ship; the young moon rose in a cloudless<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +sky spangled with stars. People remarked +on the loveliness of the night as +they went to dress for dinner, but they +remarked also on its coldness. There was +an unusual chill in the air, and lightly +clad people were glad to draw in to the +big fireplaces in smoke-room or drawing-room +or library, and to keep within the +comfort of the warm and lamplit rooms. +The cold was easily accounted for; it was +the ice season, and the airs that were +blowing down from the north-west carried +with them a breath from the ice-fields. It +was so cold that the decks were pretty +well deserted, and the usual evening concert, +instead of being held on the open +deck, was held in the warmth, under +cover. And gradually people drifted away +to bed, leaving only a few late birds +sitting up reading in the library, or +playing cards in the smoking-rooms, or +following a restaurant dinner-party by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +quiet conversation in the flower-decked +lounge.</p> + +<p>The ship had settled down for the night; +half of her company were peacefully +asleep in bed, and many lying down +waiting for sleep to come, when something +happened. What that something +was depended upon what part of the ship +you were in. The first thing to attract +the attention of most of the first-class +passengers was a negative thing—the +cessation of that trembling, continuous +rhythm which had been the undercurrent +of all their waking sensations since the +ship left Queenstown. The engines +stopped. Some wondered, and put their +heads out of their state-room doors, +or even threw a wrap about them and +went out into the corridors to see what +had happened, while others turned over +in bed and composed themselves to +sleep, deciding to wait until the morning<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +to hear what was the cause of the +delay.</p> + +<p>Lower down in the ship they heard a +little more. The sudden harsh clash of +the engine-room telegraph bells would +startle those who were near enough to +hear it, especially as it was followed almost +immediately afterwards by the simultaneous +ringing all through the lower +part of the ship of the gongs that gave +warning of the closing of the water-tight +doors. After the engines stopped there +was a moment of stillness; and then the +vibration began again, more insistently +this time, with a certain jumping movement +which to the experienced ear meant +that the engines were being sent full +speed astern; and then they stopped +again, and again there was stillness.</p> + +<p>Here and there in the long corridors +amidships a door opened and some one +thrust a head out, asking what was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +matter; here and there a man in pyjamas +and a dressing-gown came out of his +cabin and climbed up the deserted staircase +to have a look at what was going +on; people sitting in the lighted saloons +and smoke-rooms looked at one another +and said: “What was that?” gave or +received some explanation, and resumed +their occupations. A man in his dressing-gown +came into one of the smoking-rooms +where a party was seated at cards, with a +few yawning bystanders looking on before +they turned in. The newcomer wanted +to know what was the matter, whether +they had noticed anything? They had +felt a slight jar, they said, and had seen +an iceberg going by past the windows; +probably the ship had grazed it, but no +damage had been done. And they resumed +their game of bridge. The man +in the dressing-gown left the smoke-room, +and never saw any of the players again.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +So little excitement was there in this part +of the ship that the man in the dressing-gown +(his name was Mr. Beezley, an +English schoolmaster, one of the few +who emerges from the crowd with an intact +individuality) went back to his cabin +and lay down on his bed with a book, +waiting for the ship to start again. But +the unnatural stillness, the uncanny peace +even of this great peaceful ship, must +have got a little upon his nerves; and +when he heard people moving about in +the corridors, he got up again, and found +that several people whom the stillness had +wakened from their sleep were wandering +about inquiring what had happened.</p> + +<p>But that was all. The half-hour which +followed the stoppage of the ship was a +comparatively quiet half-hour, in which a +few people came out of their cabins indeed, +and collected together in the corridors +and staircases gossiping, speculating<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +and asking questions as to what +could have happened; but it was not a +time of anxiety, or anything like it. +Nothing could be safer on this quiet +Sunday night than the great ship, warmed +and lighted everywhere, with her thick +carpets and padded armchairs and cushioned +recesses; and if anything could +have added to the sense of peace and +stability, it was that her driving motion +had ceased, and that she lay solid and +motionless-like a rock in the sea, the still +water scarcely lapping against her sides. +And those of her people who had thought +it worth while to get out of bed stood +about in little knots, and asked foolish +questions, and gave foolish answers in +the familiar manner of passengers on shipboard +when the slightest incident occurs +to vary the regular and monotonous +routine.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="VIII" id="VIII"></a>VIII<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>his</span> was one phase of that first +half-hour. Up on the high bridge, +isolated from all the indoor life of +the passengers, there was another phase. +The watches had been relieved at ten +o’clock, when the ship had settled down +for the quietest and least eventful period +of the whole twenty-four hours. The First +Officer, Mr. Murdoch, was in command +of the bridge, and with him was Mr. +Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, and the +usual look-out staff. The moon had set, +and the night was very cold, clear and +starry, except where here and there a +slight haze hung on the surface of the +water. Captain Smith, to whom the night +of the sea was like day, and to whom all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +the invisible tracks and roads of the +Atlantic were as familiar as Fleet Street +is to a <i>Daily Telegraph</i> reporter, had +been in the chart room behind the bridge +to plot out the course for the night, and +afterwards had gone to his room to lie +down. Two pairs of sharp eyes were +peering forward from the crow’s nest, +another pair from the nose of the ship on +the fo’c’stle head, and at least three pairs +from the bridge itself, all staring into the +dim night, quartering with busy glances +the area of the black sea in front of them +where the foremast and its wire shrouds +and stays were swinging almost imperceptibly +across the starry sky.</p> + +<p>At twenty minutes to twelve the silence +of the night was broken by three sharp +strokes on the gong sounding from the +crow’s nest—a signal for something right +ahead; while almost simultaneously came +a voice through the telephone from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +look-out announcing the presence of ice. +There was a kind of haze in front of the +ship the colour of the sea, but nothing +could be distinguished from the bridge. +Mr. Murdoch’s hand was on the telegraph +immediately, and his voice rapped +out the order to the quartermaster to +starboard the helm. The wheel spun +round, the answering click came up from +the startled engine-room; but before anything +else could happen there was a slight +shock, and a splintering sound from the +bows of the ship as she crashed into +yielding ice. That was followed by a +rubbing, jarring, grinding sensation along +her starboard bilge, and a peak of dark-coloured +ice glided past close alongside.</p> + +<p>As the engines stopped in obedience to +the telegraph Mr. Murdoch turned the +switches that closed the water-tight doors. +Captain Smith came running out of the +chart room. “What is it?” he asked.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +“We have struck ice, Sir.” “Close the +water-tight doors.” “It is already done, +Sir.” Then the Captain took command. +He at once sent a message to the carpenter +to sound the ship and come and +report; the quartermaster went away +with the message, and set the carpenter +to work. Captain Smith now gave a +glance at the commutator, a dial which +shows to what extent the ship is off the +perpendicular, and noticed that she carried +a 5° list to starboard. Coolly following a +routine as exact as that which he would +have observed had he been conning the +ship into dock, he gave a number of +orders in rapid succession, after first consulting +with the Chief Engineer. Then, +having given instructions that the whole +of the available engine-power was to be +turned to pumping the ship, he hurried +aft along the boat-deck to the Marconi +room. Phillips was sitting at his key,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +toiling through routine business; Bride, +who had just got up to relieve him, was +sleepily making preparations to take his +place. The Captain put his head in at the +door.</p> + +<p>“We have struck an iceberg,” he said, +“and I am having an inspection made to +tell what it has done for us. Better get +ready to send out a call for assistance, but +don’t send it until I tell you.”</p> + +<p>He hurried away again; in a few +minutes he put his head in at the door +again; “Send that call for assistance,” +he said.</p> + +<p>“What call shall I send?” asked +Phillips.</p> + +<p>“The regulation international call for +help, just that,” said the Captain, and +was gone again.</p> + +<p>But in five minutes he came back into +the wireless room, this time apparently +not in such a hurry. “What call are you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +sending?” he asked; and when Phillips +told him “C.Q.D.,” the highly technical +and efficient Bride suggested, laughingly, +that he should send “S.O.S.,” the new +international call for assistance which has +superseded the C.Q.D. “It is the new +call,” said Bride, “and it may be your +last chance to send it!” And they all +three laughed, and then for a moment +chatted about what had happened, while +Phillips tapped out the three longs, three +shorts, and three longs which instantaneously +sent a message of appeal flashing +out far and wide into the dark night. +The Captain, who did not seem seriously +worried or concerned, told them that the +ship had been struck amidships or a little +aft of that.</p> + +<p>Whatever may have been happening +down below, everything up here was quiet +and matter-of-fact. It was a disaster, of +course, but everything was working well,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +everything had been done; the electric +switches for operating the bulkhead doors +had been used promptly, and had worked +beautifully; the powerful wireless plant +was talking to the ocean, and in a few +hours there would be some other ship +alongside of them. It was rough luck, to +be sure; they had not thought they would +so soon have a chance of proving that the +<i>Titanic</i> was unsinkable.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="IX" id="IX"></a>IX<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">W</span>e</span> must now visit in imagination +some other parts of the ship, +parts isolated from the bridge +and the spacious temple of luxury amidships, +and try to understand how the +events of this half hour appeared to the +denizens of the lower quarters of the ship. +The impact that had been scarcely noticed +in the first-class quarters had had much +more effect down below, and especially +forward, where some of the third-class +passengers and some of the crew were +berthed. A ripping, grinding crash +startled all but the heaviest sleepers here +into wakefulness; but it was over so soon +and was succeeded by so peaceful a silence +that no doubt any momentary panic it +might have caused was soon allayed. One<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +of the firemen describing it said: “I was +awakened by a noise, and between sleeping +and waking I thought I was dreaming +that I was on a train that had run off the +lines, and that I was being jolted about.” +He jumped out and went on deck, where +he saw the scattered ice lying about. “Oh, +we have struck an iceberg,” he said, +“that’s nothing; I shall go back and +turn in,” and he actually went back to bed +and slept for half an hour, until he was +turned out to take his station at the boats.</p> + +<p>The steerage passengers, who were +berthed right aft, heard nothing and knew +nothing until the news that an accident +had happened began slowly to filter down +to them. But there was no one in authority +to give them any official news, and for +a time they were left to wonder and speculate +as they chose. Forward, however, it +became almost immediately apparent to +certain people that there was something<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +grievously wrong; firemen on their way +through the passage along the ship’s bottom +leading between their quarters and +No. 1 stokehold found water coming in, +and rapidly turned back. They were met +on their way up the staircase by an officer +who asked them what they were doing. +They told him. “There’s water coming +into our place, Sir,” they said; and as he +thought they were off duty he did not turn +them back.</p> + +<p>Mr. Andrews, a partner in Harland +and Wolff’s, and one of the <i>Titanic’s</i> +designers, had gone quietly down by himself +to investigate the damage, and, great +as was his belief in the giant he had +helped to create, it must have been shaken +when he found the water pouring into +her at the rate of hundreds of tons a +minute. Even his confidence in those +mighty steel walls that stretched one behind +the other in succession along the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +whole length of the ship could not have +been proof against the knowledge that +three or four of them had been pierced by +the long rip of the ice-tooth. There was +just a chance that she would hold up +long enough to allow of relief to arrive in +time; but it is certain that from that moment +Mr. Andrews devoted himself to +warning people, and helping to get them +away, so far as he could do so without +creating a panic.</p> + +<p>Most of the passengers, remember, +were still asleep during this half hour. +One of the most terrible things possible +at sea is a panic, and Captain Smith was +particularly anxious that no alarm should +be given before or unless it was absolutely +necessary. He heard what Mr. Andrews +had to say, and consulted with the engineer, +and soon found that the whole of +the ship’s bottom was being flooded. There +were other circumstances calculated to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> +make the most sanguine ship-master uneasy. +Already, within half an hour, the +<i>Titanic</i> was perceptibly down by the head. +She would remain stationary for five +minutes and then drop six inches or a +foot; remain stationary again, and drop +another foot—a circumstance ominous to +experienced minds, suggesting that some +of the smaller compartments forward were +one by one being flooded, and letting the +water farther and farther into her hull.</p> + +<p>Therefore at about twenty-five minutes +past midnight the Captain gave orders for +the passengers to be called and mustered +on the boat deck. All the ship’s crew +had by this time been summoned to their +various stations; and now through all +the carpeted corridors, through the companion-ways +and up and down staircases, +leading to the steerage cabins, an army +of three hundred stewards was hurrying, +knocking loudly on doors, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +shouting up and down the passages, +“All passengers on deck with life-belts +on!” The summons came to many in their +sleep; and to some in the curtained firelight +luxury of their deck state-rooms it +seemed an order so absurd that they +scorned it, and actually went back to bed +again. These, however, were rare exceptions; +for most people there was no mistaking +the urgency of the command, even +though they were slow to understand the +necessity for it. And hurry is a thing +easily communicated; seeing some passengers +hastening out with nothing over +their night clothes but a blanket or a +wrapper, others caught the infection, and +hurried too; and struggling with life-belts, +clumsily attempting to adjust them +over and under a curious assortment of +garments, the passengers of the <i>Titanic</i> +came crowding up on deck, for the first +time fully alarmed.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="X" id="X"></a>X<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">W</span>hen</span> the people came on deck +it was half-past twelve. The +first-class passengers came +pouring up the two main staircases and +out on to the boat deck—some of them +indignant, many of them curious, some +few of them alarmed. They found there +everything as usual except that the long +deck was not quite level; it tilted downwards +a little towards the bow, and there +was a slight list towards the starboard +side. The stars were shining in the sky +and the sea was perfectly smooth, although +dotted about it here and there were lumps +of dark-coloured ice, almost invisible +against the background of smooth water. +A long line of stewards was forming up +beside the boats on either side—those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +solid white boats, stretching far aft in +two long lines, that became suddenly invested +with practical interest. Officers +were shouting orders, seamen were busy +clearing up the coils of rope attached to +the davit tackles, fitting the iron handles +to the winches by which the davits themselves +were canted over from the inward +position over the deck to the outward +position over the ship’s side. Almost at +the same time a rush of people began +from the steerage quarters, swarming up +stairways and ladders to reach this high +deck hitherto sacred to the first-class passengers. +At first they were held back by +a cordon of stewards, but some broke +through and others were allowed through, +so that presently a large proportion of +the ship’s company was crowding about +the boat deck and the one immediately +below it.</p> + +<p>Then the business of clearing, filling,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +and lowering the boats was begun—a +business quickly described, but occupying +a good deal of time in the transaction. +Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Officer, ordered +the crews to the boats; and with some +confusion different parties of stewards and +sailors disentangled themselves from the +throng and stood in their positions by each +of the sixteen boats. Every member of +the crew, when he signs on for a voyage in +a big passenger ship, is given a number +denoting which boat’s crew he belongs +to. If there has been boat drill, every +man knows and remembers his number; +if, as in the case of the <i>Titanic</i>, there +has been no boat drill, some of the men +remember their numbers and some do +not, the result being a certain amount of +confusion. But at last a certain number +of men were allotted to each boat, and +began the business of hoisting them out.</p> + +<p>First of all the covers had to be taken<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> +off and the heavy masts and sails lifted +out of them. Ship’s boats appear very +small things when one sees a line of them +swinging high up on deck; but, as a +matter of fact, they are extremely heavy, +each of them the size of a small sailing +yacht. Everything on the <i>Titanic</i> having +been newly painted, everything was stiff +and difficult to move. The lashings of +the heavy canvas covers were like wire, +and the covers themselves like great +boards; the new ropes ran stiffly in the +new gear. At last a boat was cleared and +the order given, “Women and children +first.” The officers had revolvers in their +hands ready to prevent a rush; but there +was no rush. There was a certain amount +of laughter. No one wanted to be the +first to get into the boat and leave the +ship. “Come on,” cried the officers. +There was a pause, followed by the brief +command, “Put them in.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>”</p> + +<p>The crew seized the nearest women and +pushed or lifted them over the rail into +the first boat, which was now hanging +over the side level with the deck. But +they were very unwilling to go. The +boat, which looked big and solid on the +deck, now hung dizzily seventy-five feet +over the dark water; it seemed a far from +attractive prospect to get into it and go +out on to the cold sea, especially as everyone +was convinced that it was a merely +formal precaution which was being taken, +and that the people in the boats would +merely be rowed off a little way and kept +shivering on the cold sea for a time and +then brought back to the ship when it +was found that the danger was past. For, +walking about the deck, people remembered +all the things that they had been +thinking and saying since first they had +seen the <i>Titanic</i>; and what was the use of +travelling by an unsinkable ship if, at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> +first alarm of danger, one had to leave her +and row out on the icy water? Obviously +it was only the old habit of the sea asserting +itself, and Captain Smith, who had +hitherto been such a favourite, was beginning +to be regarded as something of a +nuisance with his ridiculous precautions.</p> + +<p>The boats swung and swayed in the +davits; even the calm sea, now that they +looked at it more closely, was seen to be +not absolutely like a millpond, but to have +a certain movement on its surface which, +although utterly helpless to move the +huge bulk of the <i>Titanic</i>, against whose +sides it lapped, as ineffectually as against +the walls of a dock, was enough to impart +a swinging movement to the small +boats. But at last, what with coercion +and persuasion, a boat was half filled +with women. One of the things they +liked least was leaving their husbands; +they felt that they were being sacrificed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +needlessly to over-elaborate precautions, +and it was hard to leave the men standing +comfortably on the firm deck, sheltered +and in a flood of warm yellow light, +and in the safety of the great solid ship +that lay as still as a rock, while they had +to go out, half-clad and shivering, on the +icy waters.</p> + +<p>But the inexorable movements of the +crew continued. The pulleys squealed +in the sheaves, the new ropes were paid +out; and jerking downwards, a foot or +two at a time, the first boat dropped down +towards the water, past storey after storey +of the great structure, past rows and rows +of lighted portholes, until at last, by +strange unknown regions of the ship’s +side, where cataracts and waterfalls were +rushing into the sea, it rested on the +waves. The blocks were unhooked, the +heavy ash oars were shipped, and the +boat headed away into the darkness. And<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> +then, and not till then, those in the boat +realized that something was seriously +wrong with the <i>Titanic</i>. Instead of the +trim level appearance which she presented +on the picture postcards or photographs, +she had an ungraceful slant downwards +to the bows—a heavy helpless appearance +like some wounded monster that is being +overcome by the waters. And even while +they looked, they could see that the bow +was sinking lower.</p> + +<p>After the first boat had got away, there +was less difficulty about the others. The +order, “Women and children first,” was +rigidly enforced by the officers; but it +was necessary to have men in the boats +to handle them, and a number of stewards, +and many grimy figures of stokers who +had mysteriously appeared from below +were put into them to man them. Once +the tide of people began to set into the +boats and away from the ship, there came<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +a certain anxiety to join them and not to +be left behind. Here and there indeed +there was over-anxiety, which had to be +roughly checked. One band of Italians +from the steerage, who had good reason +to know that something was wrong, tried +to rush one of the boats, and had to be +kept back by force, an officer firing a +couple of shots with his pistol; they desisted, +and were hauled back ignominiously +by the legs. In their place some of +the crew and the passengers who were +helping lifted in a number of Italian +women limp with fright.</p> + +<p>And still everyone was walking about +and saying that the ship was unsinkable. +There was a certain subdued excitement, +natural to those who feel that they are +taking part in a rather thrilling adventure +which will give them importance in +the eyes of people at home when they +relate it. There was as yet no call for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +heroism, because, among the first-class +passengers certainly, the majority believed +that the safest as well as the most comfortable +place was the ship. But it was +painful for husbands and wives to be +separated, and the wives sent out to brave +the discomforts of the open boats while +the husbands remained on the dry and +comfortable ship.</p> + +<p>The steerage people knew better and +feared more. Life had not taught them, +as it had taught some of those first-class +passengers, that the world was an organization +specially designed for their comfort +and security; they had not come to +believe that the crude and ugly and elementary +catastrophes of fate would not +attack them. On the contrary, most of +them knew destiny as a thing to fear, and +made haste to flee from it. Many of +them, moreover, had been sleeping low +down in the forward part of the ship;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +they had heard strange noises, had seen +water washing about where no water +should be, and they were frightened. +There was, however, no discrimination +between classes in putting the women +into the boats. The woman with a tattered +shawl over her head, the woman +with a sable coat over her nightdress, the +woman clasping a baby, and the woman +clutching a packet of trinkets had all an +equal chance; side by side they were +handed on to the harsh and uncomfortable +thwarts of the lifeboats; the wife of the +millionaire sat cheek by jowl with a dusty +stoker and a Russian emigrant, and the +spoiled woman of the world found some +poor foreigner’s baby thrown into her lap +as the boat was lowered.</p> + +<p>By this time the women and children +had all been mustered on the second or +A deck; the men were supposed to remain +up on the boat deck while the boats were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +being lowered to the level of the women, +where sections of the rail had been cleared +away for them to embark more easily; +but this rule, like all the other rules, was +not rigidly observed. The crew was not +trained enough to discipline and coerce the +passengers. How could they be? They +were trained to serve them, to be obsequious +and obliging; it would have been too +much to expect that they should suddenly +take command and order them about.</p> + +<p>There were many minor adventures and +even accidents. One woman had both her +legs broken in getting into the boat. The +mere business of being lowered in a boat +through seventy feet of darkness was in +itself productive of more than one exciting +incident. The falls of the first boat +jammed when she was four feet from the +water, and she had to be dropped into it +with a splash. And there was one very +curious incident which happened to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +boat in which Mr. Beezley, the English +schoolmaster already referred to, had been +allotted a place as a helper. “As the +boat began to descend,” he said, “two +ladies were pushed hurriedly through the +crowd on B deck, and a baby ten months +old was passed down after them. Then +down we went, the crew shouting out +directions to those lowering us. ‘Level,’ +‘Aft,’ ‘Stern,’ ‘Both together!’ until we +were some ten feet from the water. Here +occurred the only anxious moment we +had during the whole of our experience +from the time of our leaving the deck to +our reaching the <i>Carpathia</i>.</p> + +<p>“Immediately below our boat was the +exhaust of the condensers, and a huge +stream of water was pouring all the time +from the ship’s side just above the water-line. +It was plain that we ought to be +smart away from it if we were to escape +swamping when we touched the water.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +We had no officers on board, and no petty +officer or member of the crew to take +charge, so one of the stokers shouted, +‘Some one find the pin which releases +the boat from the ropes and pull it up!’ +No one knew where it was. We felt as +well as we could on the floor, and along +the sides, but found nothing. It was +difficult to move among so many people. +We had sixty or seventy on board. Down +we went, and presently we floated with +our ropes still holding us, and the stream +of water from the exhaust washing us +away from the side of the vessel, while +the swell of the sea urged us back against +the side again.</p> + +<p>“The result of all these forces was +that we were carried parallel to the ship’s +side, and directly under boat No. 14, +which had filled rapidly with men, and +was coming down on us in a way that +threatened to submerge our boat.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p> + +<p>“‘Stop lowering 14,’ our crew shouted, +and the crew of No. 14, now only 20 feet +above, cried out the same. The distance +to the top, however, was some 70 feet, and +the creaking of the pulleys must have +deadened all sound to those above, for +down she came, 15 feet, 10 feet, 5 feet, and +a stoker and I reached up and touched the +bottom of the swinging boat above our +heads. The next drop would have brought +her on our heads. Just before she dropped +another stoker sprang to the ropes with +his knife open in his hand. ‘One,’ I +heard him say, and then ‘Two,’ as the +knife cut through the pulley rope.</p> + +<p>“‘The next moment the exhaust stream +carried us clear, while boat No. 14 dropped +into the water, taking the space we had +occupied a moment before. Our gunwales +were almost touching. We drifted away +easily, and when our oars were got out, +we headed directly away from the ship.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>’”</p> + +<p>But although there was no sense of +danger, there were some painful partings +on the deck where the women were embarked; +for you must think of this scene +as going on for at least an hour amid a +confusion of people pressing about, trying +to find their friends, asking for information, +listening to some new rumour, trying +to decide whether they should or +should not go in the boats, to a constant +accompaniment of shouted orders, the +roar of escaping steam, the squeal and +whine of the ropes and pulleys, and the +gay music of the band, which Captain +Smith had ordered to play during the +embarkation. Every now and then a +woman would be forced away from her +husband; every now and then a husband, +having got into a boat with his wife, +would be made to get out of it again. If +it was hard for the wives to go, it was +harder for the husbands to see them go<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +to such certain discomfort and in such +strange company. Colonel Astor, whose +young wife was in a delicate state of +health, had got into the boat with her to +look after her; and no wonder. But he +was ordered out again and came at once, +no doubt feeling bitterly, poor soul, that +he would have given many of his millions +to be able to go honourably with her. +But he stepped back without a word of +remonstrance and gave her good-bye with +a cheery message, promising to meet her +in New York. And if that happened to +him, we may be sure it was happening +over and over again in other boats. There +were women who flatly refused to leave +their husbands and chose to stay with +them and risk whatever fate might be in +store for them, although at that time most +of the people did not really believe that +there was much danger. Yet here and +there there were incidents both touching<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +and heroic. When it came to the turn of +Mrs. Isidore Straus, the wife of a Jewish +millionaire, she took her seat but got back +out of the boat when she found her husband +was not coming. They were both old +people, and on two separate occasions an +Englishman who knew her tried to persuade +her to get into a boat, but she +would not leave her husband. The second +time the boat was not full and he went to +Mr. Straus and said: “Do go with your +wife. Nobody can object to an old gentleman +like you going. There is plenty of +room in the boat.” The old gentleman +thanked him calmly and said: “I won’t +go before the other men.” And Mrs. Straus +got out and, going up to him, said: “We +have been together for forty years and we +will not separate now.” And she remained +by his side until that happened to them +which happened to the rest.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XI" id="XI"></a>XI<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">W</span>e</span> must now go back to the +Marconi room on the upper +deck where, ten minutes after +the collision, Captain Smith had left the +operators with orders to send out a call +for assistance. From this Marconi room +we get a strange but vivid aspect of the +situation; for Bride, the surviving operator, +who afterwards told the story so +graphically to the <i>New York Times</i>, +practically never left the room until he +left it to jump into the sea, and his knowledge +of what was going on was the vivid, +partial knowledge of a man who was +closely occupied with his own duties and +only knew of other happenings in so far +as they affected his own doings. They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +had been working, you will remember, +almost all of that Sunday at locating and +replacing a burnt-out terminal, and were +both very tired. Phillips was taking the +night shift of duty, but he told Bride to +go to bed early and get up and relieve him +as soon as he had had a little sleep, as +Phillips himself was quite worn out with his +day’s work. Bride went to sleep in the cabin +which opened into the operating-room.</p> + +<p>He slept some time, and when he woke +he heard Phillips still at work. He could +read the rhythmic buzzing sounds as easily +as you or I can read print. He could hear +that Phillips was talking to Cape Race, +sending dull uninteresting traffic matter; +and he was about to sink off to sleep +again when he remembered how tired +Phillips must be, and decided that he +would get up and relieve him for a spell. +He never felt the shock, or saw anything, +or had any other notification of anything<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +unusual except no doubt the ringing of +the telegraph bells and cessation of the +beat of the engines. It was a few minutes +afterwards that, as we have seen, the +Captain put his head in at the door and +told them to get ready to send a call, returning +ten minutes later to tell them to +send it.</p> + +<p>The two operators were rather amused +than otherwise at having to send out the +S.O.S.; it was a pleasant change from +relaying traffic matter. “We said lots of +funny things to each other in the next +few minutes,” said Bride. Phillips went +stolidly on, firmly hammering out his +“S.O.S., S.O.S.,” sometimes varying it +with “C.Q.D.” for the benefit of such +operators as might not be on the alert for +the new call. For several minutes there +was no reply; then the whining voice at +Phillips’ ear began to answer. Some one +had heard. They had picked up the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +steamer <i>Frankfurt</i>, and they gave her the +position and told her that the <i>Titanic</i> had +struck an iceberg and needed assistance. +There was another pause and, in their +minds’ eye, the wireless men could see +the <i>Frankfurt’s</i> operator miles and miles +away across the dark night going along +from his cabin and rousing the <i>Frankfurt’s</i> +Captain and giving his message +and coming back to the instrument, when +again the whining voice began asking for +more news.</p> + +<p>They were learning facts up here in the +Marconi room. They knew that the +<i>Titanic</i> was taking in water, and they +knew that she was sinking by the head; +and what they knew they flashed out into +the night for the benefit of all who had +ears to hear. They knew that there were +many ships in their vicinity; but they +knew also that hardly any of them carried +more than one operator, and that even<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +Marconi operators earning £4 a month +must go to bed and sleep sometimes, and +that it was a mere chance if their call was +heard. But presently the Cunard liner +<i>Carpathia</i> answered and told them her +position, from which it appeared that she +was about seventy miles away. The <i>Carpathia</i>, +which was heading towards the +Mediterranean, told them she had altered +her course and was heading full steam to +their assistance. The <i>Carpathia’s</i> voice +was much fainter than the <i>Frankfurt’s</i>, +from which Phillips assumed that the +<i>Frankfurt</i> was the nearer ship; but there +was a certain lack of promptitude on +board the <i>Frankfurt</i> which made Phillips +impatient. While he was still sending +out the call for help, after the <i>Frankfurt</i> +had answered it, she interrupted him +again, asking what was the matter. They +told Captain Smith, who said, “That fellow +is a fool,” an opinion which Phillips<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +and Bride not only shared, but which they +even found time to communicate to the +operator on the <i>Frankfurt</i>. By this time +the <i>Olympic</i> had also answered her twin +sister’s cry for help, but she was far away, +more than three hundred miles; and although +she too turned and began to race +towards the spot where the <i>Titanic</i> was +lying so quietly, it was felt that the +honours of salving her passengers would +go to the <i>Carpathia</i>. The foolish <i>Frankfurt</i> +operator still occasionally interrupted +with a question, and he was finally told, +with such brusqueness as the wireless is +capable of, to keep away from his instrument +and not interfere with the serious +conversations of the <i>Titanic</i> and <i>Carpathia</i>.</p> + +<p>Then Bride took Phillips’s place at the +instrument and succeeded in getting a +whisper from the <i>Baltic</i>, and gradually, +over hundreds of miles of ocean, the invisible<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +ether told the ships that their giant +sister was in distress. The time passed +quickly with these urgent conversations +on which so much might depend, and +hour by hour and minute by minute the +water was creeping up the steep sides of +the ship. Once the Captain looked in and +told them that the engine-rooms were +taking in water and that the dynamos +might not last much longer. That information +was also sent to the <i>Carpathia</i>, who +by this time could tell them that she had +turned towards them with every furnace +going at full blast, and was hurrying forward +at the rate of eighteen knots instead +of her usual fifteen. It now became a +question how long the storage plant would +continue to supply current. Phillips went +out on deck and looked round. “The +water was pretty close up to the boat deck. +There was a great scramble aft, and how +poor Phillips worked through it I don’t<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +know. He was a brave man. I learnt to +love him that night, and I suddenly felt +for him a great reverence, to see him +standing there sticking to his work while +everybody else was raging about. While +I live I shall never forget the work Phillips +did for that last awful fifteen minutes.”</p> + +<p>Bride felt that it was time to look about +and see if there was no chance of saving +himself. He knew that by this time all +the boats had gone. He could see, by +looking over the side, that the water was +far nearer than it had yet been, and that +the fo’c’s’le decks, which of course were +much lower than the superstructure on +which the Marconi cabin was situated, +were already awash. He remembered +that there was a lifebelt for every member +of the crew and that his own was under +his bunk; and he went and put it on. +And then, thinking how cold the water +would be, he went back and put his boots<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +on, and an extra coat. Phillips was still +standing at the key, talking to the <i>Olympic</i> +now and telling her the tragic and +shameful news that her twin sister, the +unsinkable, was sinking by the head and +was pretty near her end. While Phillips +was sending this message Bride strapped +a lifebelt about him and put on his overcoat. +Then, at Phillips’s suggestion, Bride +went out to see if there was anything left +in the shape of a boat by which they could +get away. He saw some men struggling +helplessly with a collapsible boat which +they were trying to lower down on to the +deck. Bride gave them a hand and then, +although it was the last boat left, he +resolutely turned his back on it and went +back to Phillips. At that moment for the +last time, the Captain looked in to give +them their release.</p> + +<p>“Men, you have done your full duty, +you can do no more. Abandon your cabin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +now; it is every man for himself; you look +out for yourselves. I release you. That’s +the way of it at this kind of time; every +man for himself.”</p> + +<p>Then happened one of the strangest +incidents of that strange hour. I can only +give it in Bride’s own words:</p> + +<p>“Phillips clung on, sending, sending. +He clung on for about ten minutes, +or maybe fifteen minutes, after the Captain +released him. The water was then +coming into our cabin.</p> + +<p>“While he worked something happened +I hate to tell about. I was back in my +room getting Phillips’s money for him, +and as I looked out of the door I saw a +stoker, or somebody from below decks, +leaning over Phillips from behind. Phillips +was too busy to notice what the man +was doing, but he was slipping the lifebelt +off Phillips’s back. He was a big +man, too.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p> + +<p>“As you can see, I’m very small. I +don’t know what it was I got hold of, but +I remembered in a flash the way Phillips +had clung on; how I had to fix that lifebelt +in place, because he was too busy to +do it.</p> + +<p>“I knew that man from below decks +had his own lifebelt, and should have +known where to get it. I suddenly felt +a passion not to let that man die a decent +sailor’s death. I wished he might have +stretched a rope or walked a plank. I +did my duty. I hope I finished him, but +I don’t know.</p> + +<p>“We left him on the cabin floor of the +wireless room, and he wasn’t moving.”</p> + +<p>Phillips left the cabin, running aft, and +Bride never saw him alive again. He +himself came out and found the water +covering the bridge and coming aft over +the boat deck.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XII" id="XII"></a>XII<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>here</span> is one other separate point +of view from which we may look +at the ship during this fateful hour +before all points of view become merged +in one common experience. Mr. Boxhall, +the Fourth Officer, who had been on the +bridge at the moment of the impact, had +been busy sending up rockets and signals +in the effort to attract the attention of a +ship whose lights could be seen some ten +miles away; a mysterious ship which cannot +be traced, but whose lights appear to +have been seen by many independent witnesses +on the <i>Titanic</i>. So sure was he +of her position that Mr. Boxhall spent +almost all his time on the bridge signalling +to her with rockets and flashes; but no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +answer was received. He had, however, +also been on a rapid tour of inspection of +the ship immediately after she had struck. +He went down to the steerage quarters +forward and aft, and he was also down +in the deep forward compartment where +the Post Office men were working with +the mails, and he had at that time found +nothing wrong, and his information contributed +much to the sense of security that +was spread amongst the passengers.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pitman, the Third Officer, was in +his bunk at the time of the collision, having +been on duty on the bridge from six +to eight, when the Captain had also been +on the bridge. There had been talk of ice +among the officers on Sunday, and they +had expected to meet with it just before +midnight, at the very time, in fact, when +they had met with it. But very little ice had +been seen, and the speed of the ship had +not been reduced. Mr. Pitman says that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> +when he awoke he heard a sound which +seemed to him to be the sound of the ship +coming to anchor. He was not actually +awake then, but he had the sensation of +the ship halting, and heard a sound like +that of chains whirling round the windlass +and running through the hawseholes into +the water. He lay in bed for three or four +minutes wondering in a sleepy sort of way +where they could have anchored. Then, +becoming more awake, he got up, and +without dressing went out on deck; he +saw nothing remarkable, but he went +back and dressed, suspecting that something +was the matter. While he was +dressing Mr. Boxhall looked in and said: +“We have struck an iceberg, old man; +hurry up!”</p> + +<p>He also went down below to make an +inspection and find out what damage had +been done. He went to the forward well +deck, where ice was lying, and into the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +fo’c’s’le, but found nothing wrong there. +The actual damage was farther aft, and +at that time the water had not come into +the bows of the ship. As he was going +back he met a number of firemen coming +up the gangway with their bags of clothing; +they told him that water was coming +into their place. They were firemen off +duty, who afterwards were up on the boat +deck helping to man the boats. Then +Mr. Pitman went down lower into the +ship and looked into No. 1 hatch, where +he could plainly see water. All this took +time; and when he came back he found +that the men were beginning to get the +boats ready, a task at which he helped +under Mr. Murdoch’s orders. Presently +Mr. Murdoch ordered him to take command +of a boat and hang about aft of the +gangway. Pitman had very little relish +for leaving the ship at that time, and in +spite of the fact that she was taking in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +water, every one was convinced that the +<i>Titanic</i> was a much safer place than the +open sea. He had about forty passengers +and six of the crew in his boat, and as it +was about to be lowered, Mr. Murdoch +leant over to him and shook him heartily +by the hand: “Good-bye, old man, and +good luck,” he said, in tones which rather +surprised Pitman, for they seemed to imply +that the good-bye might be for a long +time. His boat was lowered down into +the water, unhooked, and shoved off, and +joined the gradually increasing fleet of +other boats that were cruising about in +the starlight.</p> + +<p>There was one man walking about that +upper deck whose point of view was quite +different from that of anyone else. Mr. +Bruce Ismay, like so many others, was +awakened from sleep by the stopping of +the engines; like so many others, also, +he lay still for a few moments, and then<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +got up and went into the passage-way, +where he met a steward and asked him +what was the matter. The steward knew +nothing, and Mr. Ismay went back to +his state-room, put on a dressing-gown +and slippers, and went up to the bridge, +where he saw the Captain. “What has +happened?” he asked. “We have struck +ice,” was the answer. “Is the injury +serious?” “I think so,” said the Captain. +Then Mr. Ismay came down in search of +the Chief Engineer, whom he met coming +up to the bridge; he asked him the same +question, and he also said he thought the +injury serious. He understood from them +that the ship was certainly in danger, but +that there was hope that if the pumps +could be kept going there would be no +difficulty in keeping her afloat quite long +enough for help to come and for the passengers +to be taken off. Whatever was +to be the result, it was a terrible moment<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +for Mr. Ismay, a terrible blow to the +pride and record of the Company, that +this, their greatest and most invulnerable +ship, should be at least disabled, and +possibly lost, on her maiden voyage. But +like a sensible man, he did not stand +wringing his hands at the inevitable; he +did what he could to reassure the passengers, +repeating, perhaps with a slight +quaver of doubt in his voice, the old +word—unsinkable. When the boats began +to be launched he went and tried to +help, apparently in his anxiety getting +rather in the way. In this endeavour he +encountered the wrath of Mr. Lowe, the +Fifth Officer, who was superintending +the launching of boat No. 5. Mr. Lowe +did not know the identity of the nervous, +excited figure standing by the davits, nor +recognize the voice which kept saying +nervously, “Lower away! lower away!” +and it was therefore with no misgivings<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +that he ordered him away from the boat, +saying brusquely, “If you will kindly +get to hell out of this perhaps I’ll be able +to do something!”—a trifling incident, +but evidence that Mr. Ismay made no use +of his position for his own personal ends. +He said nothing, and went away to another +boat, where he succeeded in being +more useful, and it was not till afterwards +that an awe-stricken steward told +the Fifth Officer who it was that he had +chased away with such language. But +after that Mr. Ismay was among the +foremost in helping to sort out the women +and children and get them expeditiously +packed into the boats, with a burden of +misery and responsibility on his heart that +we cannot measure.</p> + +<p>One can imagine a great bustle and +excitement while the boats were being +sent away; but when they had all gone, +and there was nothing more to be done,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +those who were left began to look about +them and realize their position. There +was no doubt about it, the <i>Titanic</i> was +sinking, not with any plunging or violent +movement, but steadily settling down, +as a rock seems to settle into the water +when the tide rises about it.</p> + +<p>Down in the engine-room and stokeholds, +in conditions which can hardly be +imagined by the ordinary landsman, men +were still working with a grim and stoic +heroism. The forward stokeholds had +been flooded probably an hour after the +collision; but it is practically certain that +the bulkheads forward of No. 5 held until +the last. The doors in those aft of No. 4 +had been opened by hand after they had +been closed from the bridge, in order to +facilitate the passage of the engineering +staff about their business; and they remained +open, and the principal bulkhead +protecting the main engine-room, held +until the last. Water thus found its way<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> +into some compartments, and gradually +rose; but long after those in charge had +given up all hope of saving the ship, +the stokehold watch were kept hard at +work drawing the fires from under the +boilers, so that when the water reached +them there should be no steam. The +duty of the engine-room staff was to keep +the pumps going as long as possible and +to run the dynamos that supplied the +current for the light and the Marconi +installation. This they did, as the black +water rose stage by stage upon them. At +least twenty minutes before the ship sank +the machinery must have been flooded, +and the current for the lights and the +wireless supplied from the storage plant. +No member of the engine-room staff was +ever seen alive again, but, when the water +finally flooded the stokeholds, the watch +were released and told to get up and +save themselves if they could.</p> + +<p>And up on deck a chilly conviction of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +doom was slowly but certainly taking the +place of that bland confidence in the unsinkable +ship in which the previous hour +had been lightly passed. That confidence +had been dreadfully overdone, so much so +that the stewards had found the greatest +difficulty in persuading the passengers to +dress themselves and come up on deck, +and some who had done so had returned +to their state-rooms and locked themselves +in. The last twenty minutes, however, +must have shown everyone on deck +that there was not a chance left. On a +ship as vast and solid as the <i>Titanic</i> there +is no sensation of actual sinking or settling. +She still seemed as immovable as +ever, but the water was climbing higher +and higher up her black sides. The +sensation was not that of the ship sinking, +but of the water rising about her. +And the last picture we have of her, while +still visible, still a firm refuge amid the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> +waters, is of the band still playing and a +throng of people looking out from the +lamplit upper decks after the disappearing +boats, bracing themselves as best they +might for the terrible plunge and shock +which they knew was coming. Here and +there men who were determined still to +make a fight for life climbed over the rail +and jumped over; it was not a seventy +foot drop now—perhaps under twenty, +but it was a formidable jump. Some were +stunned, and some were drowned at once +before the eyes of those who waited; and +the dull splashes they made were probably +the first visible demonstration of the +death that was coming. Duties were still +being performed; an old deck steward, +who had charge of the chairs, was busily +continuing to work, adapting his duties +to the emergency that had arisen and +lashing chairs together. In this he was +helped by Mr. Andrews, who was last<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +seen engaged on this strangely ironic task +of throwing chairs overboard—frail rafts +thrown upon the waters that might or +might not avail some struggling soul +when the moment should arrive, and the +great ship of his designing float no longer. +Throughout he had been untiring in his +efforts to help and hearten people; but in +this the last vision of him, there is something +not far short of the sublime.</p> + +<p>The last collapsible boat was being +struggled with on the upper deck, but +there were no seamen about who understood +its stiff mechanism; unaccustomed +hands fumbled desperately with it, and +finally pushed it over the side in its collapsed +condition for use as a raft. Many +of the seamen and stewards had gathered +in the bar-room, where the attendant +was serving out glasses of whiskey to +any and all who came for it; but most +men had an instinct against being under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +cover, and preferred to stand out in the +open.</p> + +<p>And now those in the boats that had +drawn off from the ship could see that +the end was at hand. Her bows had gone +under, although the stern was still fairly +high out of the water. She had sunk +down at the forward end of the great +superstructure amidships; her decks were +just awash, and the black throng was +moving aft. The ship was blazing with +light, and the strains of the band were +faintly heard still playing as they had +been commanded to do. But they had +ceased to play the jolly rag-time tunes with +which the bustle and labour of getting off +the boats had been accompanied; solemn +strains, the strains of a hymn, could be +heard coming over the waters. Many +women in the boats, looking back towards +that lighted and subsiding mass, knew +that somewhere, invisible among the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> +throng, was all that they held dearest in +the world waiting for death; and they +could do nothing. Some tried to get the +crews to turn back, wringing their hands, +beseeching, imploring; but no crew dared +face the neighbourhood of the giant in her +death agony. They could only wait, and +shiver, and look.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XIII" id="XIII"></a>XIII<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>he</span> end, when it came, was as +gradual as everything else had +been since the first impact. Just as +there was no one moment at which everyone +in the ship realized that she had +suffered damage; just as there was no one +moment when the whole of her company +realized that they must leave her; just as +there was no one moment when all in the +ship understood that their lives were in +peril, and no moment when they all knew +she must sink; so there was no one +moment at which all those left on board +could have said, “She is gone.” At one +moment the floor of the bridge, where the +Captain stood, was awash; the next a +wave came along and covered it with four +feet of water, in which the Captain was +for a moment washed away, although he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +struggled back and stood there again, up +to his knees in water. “Boys, you can +do no more,” he shouted, “look out for +yourselves!” Standing near him was a +fireman and—strange juxtaposition—two +unclaimed solitary little children, scarce +more than babies. The fireman seized one +in his arms, the Captain another; another +wave came and they were afloat in deep +water, striking out over the rail of the +bridge away from the ship.</p> + +<p>The slope of the deck increased, and +the sea came washing up against it as +waves wash against a steep shore. And +then that helpless mass of humanity was +stricken at last with the fear of death, and +began to scramble madly aft, away from +the chasm of water that kept creeping up +and up the decks. Then a strange thing +happened. They who had been waiting +to sink into the sea found themselves rising +into the air as the slope of the decks +grew steeper. Up and up, dizzily high<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> +out of reach of the dark waters into which +they had dreaded to be plunged, higher +and higher into the air, towards the stars, +the stern of the ship rose slowly right out +of the water, and hung there for a time +that is estimated variously between two +and five minutes; a terrible eternity to +those who were still clinging. Many, +thinking the end had come, jumped; the +water resounded with splash after splash +as the bodies, like mice shaken out of a +trap into a bucket, dropped into the water. +All who could do so laid hold of something; +ropes, stanchions, deck-houses, +mahogany doors, window frames, anything, +and so clung on while the stern of +the giant ship reared itself towards the +sky. Many had no hold, or lost the hold +they had, and these slid down the steep +smooth decks, as people slide down a +water chute into the sea.</p> + +<p>We dare not linger here, even in imagination; +dare not speculate; dare not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +look closely, even with the mind’s eye, at +this poor human agony, this last pitiful +scramble for dear life that the serene stars +shone down upon. We must either turn +our faces away, or withdraw to that surrounding +circle where the boats were +hovering with their terror-stricken burdens, +and see what they saw. They saw +the after part of the ship, blazing with +light, stand up, a suspended prodigy, between +the stars and the waters; they saw +the black atoms, each one of which they +knew to be a living man or woman on +fire with agony, sliding down like shot +rubbish into the sea; they saw the giant +decks bend and crack; they heard a hollow +and tremendous rumbling as the great +engines tore themselves from their steel +beds and crashed through the ship; they +saw sparks streaming in a golden rain +from one of the funnels; heard the dull +boom of an explosion while the spouting +funnel fell over into the sea with a slap<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +that killed every one beneath it and set +the nearest boat rocking; heard two more +dull bursting reports as the steel bulkheads +gave way or decks blew up; saw +the lights flicker out, flicker back again, +and then go out for ever, and the ship, +like some giant sea creature forsaking the +strife of the upper elements for the peace +of the submarine depths, launched herself +with one slow plunge and dive beneath +the waves.</p> + +<p>There was no great maelstrom as they +had feared, but the sea was swelling and +sinking all about them; and they could +see waves and eddies where rose the +imprisoned air, the smoke and steam of +vomited-up ashes, and a bobbing commotion +of small dark things where the +<i>Titanic</i>, in her pride and her shame, with +the clocks ticking and the fires burning in +her luxurious rooms, had plunged down +to the icy depths of death.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XIV" id="XIV"></a>XIV<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">A</span>s</span> the ship sank and the commotion +and swirl of the waves subsided, +the most terrible experience +of all began. The seas were not +voiceless; the horrified people in the surrounding +boats heard an awful sound +from the dark central area, a collective +voice, compound of moans, shrieks, cries +and despairing calls, from those who +were struggling in the water. It was an +area of death and of agony towards which +those in the boats dared not venture, even +although they knew their own friends +were perishing and crying for help there. +They could only wait and listen, hoping +that it might soon be over. But it was +not soon over. There was a great deal of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +floating wreckage to which hundreds of +people clung, some for a short time, some +for a long time; and while they clung on +they cried out to their friends to save +them. One boat—that commanded by +Mr. Lowe, the Fifth Officer—did, after +transshipping some of its passengers into +other boats, and embarking a crew of +oarsmen, venture back into the dark +centre of things. The wreckage and dead +bodies showed the sea so thickly that they +could hardly row without touching a dead +body; and once, when they were trying +to reach a survivor who was clinging to +a piece of broken staircase, praying and +calling for help, it took them nearly half +an hour to cover the fifty feet that separated +them from him, so thick were the +bodies. This reads like an exaggeration, +but it is well attested. The water was icy +cold, and benumbed many of them, who +thus died quickly; a few held on to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +life, moaning, wailing, calling—but in +vain.</p> + +<p>A few strong men were still making a +desperate fight for life. The collapsible +boat, which Bride had seen a group of +passengers attempting to launch a few +minutes before the ship sank, was washed +off by a wave in its collapsed condition. +Such boats contain air compartments in +their bottom, and thus, even although +they are not opened, they float like rafts, +and can carry a considerable weight. +Some of those who were swept off the +ship by the same wave that took the boat +found themselves near it and climbed on +to it. Mr. Lightoller, the Second Officer, +had dived as the ship dived, and been +sucked down the steep submerged wall +of the hull against the grating over the +blower for the exhaust steam. Far down +under the water he felt the force of an +explosion which blew him up to the surface,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +where he breathed for a moment, +and was then sucked back by the water +washing into the ship as it sank. This +time he landed against the grating over +the pipes that furnished the draught for +the funnels, and stuck there. There was +another explosion, and again he came to +the surface not many feet from the ship, +and found himself near the collapsible +boat, to which he clung. It was quite +near him that the huge funnel fell over +into the water and killed many swimmers +before his eyes. He drifted for a time on +the collapsible boat, until he was taken +off into one of the lifeboats.</p> + +<p>Bride also found himself strangely involved +with this boat, which he had last +seen on the deck of the ship. When he +was swept off, he found himself in the +horrible position of being trapped under +water beneath this boat. He struggled +out and tried to climb on to it, but it took<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +him a long time; at last, however, he +managed to get up on it, and found five +or six other people there. And now and +then some other swimmer, stronger than +most, would come up and be helped on +board. Some thus helped died almost +immediately; there were four found dead +upon this boat when at last the survivors +were rescued.</p> + +<p>There was another boat also not far +off, a lifeboat, capsized likewise. Six men +managed to scramble on to the keel of +this craft; it was almost all she could +carry. Mr. Caldwell, a second-class passenger, +who had been swimming about in +the icy water for nearly an hour, with +dead bodies floating all about him, was +beginning to despair when he found himself +near a crate to which another man +was clinging. “Will it hold two?” he +asked. And the other man, with a rare +heroism, said: “Catch hold and try; we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +will live or die together.” And these two, +clinging precariously to the crate, reached +the overturned lifeboat and were hauled +up to its keel. Presently another man +came swimming along and asked if they +could take him on. But the boat was already +dangerously loaded; the weight of +another man would have meant death for +all, and they told him so. “All right,” +he cried, “good-bye; God bless you all!” +And he sank before their eyes.</p> + +<p>Captain Smith, who had last been seen +washed from the bridge as the ship sank, +with a child in his arms, was seen once +more before he died. He was swimming, +apparently only in the hope of saving the +child that he held; for in his austere conception +of his duty there was no place of +salvation for him while others were drowning +and struggling. He swam up to a +boat with the child and gasped out: “Take +the child!” A dozen willing hands were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> +stretched out to take it, and then to help +him into the boat; but he shook them off. +Only for a moment he held on, asking: +“What became of Murdoch?” and when +they said that he was dead, he let go his +hold, saying: “Let me go”; and the +last that they saw of him was swimming +back towards the ship. He had no lifebelt; +he had evidently no wish that there +should be any gruesome resurrection of +his body from the sea, and undoubtedly +he found his grave where he wished to +find it, somewhere hard by the grave of +his ship.</p> + +<p>The irony of chance, the merciless and +illogical selection which death makes in a +great collective disaster, was exemplified +over and over again in the deaths of people +who had escaped safely to a boat, and the +salvation of others who were involved +in the very centre of destruction. The +strangest escape of all was probably that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +of Colonel Gracie of the United States +army, who jumped from the topmost deck +of the ship when she sank and was sucked +down with her. He was drawn down for +a long while, and whirled round and +round, and would have been drawn down +to a depth from which he could never +have come up alive if it had not been for +the explosion which took place after the +ship sank. “After sinking with the ship,” +he says, “it appeared to me as if I was +propelled by some great force through the +water. This may have been caused by +explosions under the waters, and I remembered +fearful stories of people being +boiled to death. Innumerable thoughts +of a personal nature, having relation to +mental telepathy, flashed through my +brain. I thought of those at home, as if +my spirit might go to them to say good-bye. +Again and again I prayed for deliverance, +although I felt sure that the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +end had come. I had the greatest difficulty +in holding my breath until I came +to the surface. I knew that once I inhaled, +the water would suffocate me. I +struck out with all my strength for the +surface. I got to the air again after a +time that seemed to me unending. There +was nothing in sight save the ocean strewn +with great masses of wreckage, dying men +and women all about me, groaning and +crying piteously. I saw wreckage everywhere, +and what came within reach I +clung to. I moved from one piece to +another until I reached the collapsible +boat. She soon became so full that it +seemed as if she would sink if more came +on board her. We had to refuse to let +any others climb on board. This was the +most pathetic and horrible scene of all. +The piteous cries of those around us ring +in my ears, and I will remember them to +my dying day. ‘Hold on to what you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +have, old boy,’ we shouted to each man +who tried to get on board. ‘One more +of you would sink us all.’ Many of those +whom we refused answered, as they went +to their death, ‘Good luck; God bless +you.’ All the time we were buoyed up +and sustained by the hope of rescue. We +saw lights in all directions—particularly +some green lights which, as we learned +later, were rockets burned by one of the +<i>Titanic’s</i> boats. So we passed the night +with the waves washing over and burying +our raft deep in the water.”</p> + +<p>It was twenty minutes past two when +the <i>Titanic</i> sank, two hours and forty +minutes after she had struck the iceberg; +and for two hours after that the boats +drifted all round and about, some of them +in bunches of three or four, others solitary. +Almost every kind of suffering was endured +in them, although, after the mental +horrors of the preceding hour, physical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +sufferings were scarcely felt. Some of the +boats had hardly anyone but women in +them; in many the stokers and stewards +were quite useless at the oars. But here +and there, in that sorrowful, horror-stricken +company, heroism lifted its head +and human nature took heart again. +Women took their turn at the oars in +boats where the men were either too few +or incapable of rowing; and one woman +notably, the Countess of Rothes, practically +took command of her boat and was +at an oar all the time. Where they were +rowing to most of them did not know. +They had seen lights at the time the ship +went down, and some of them made for +these; but they soon disappeared, and +probably most of the boats were following +each other aimlessly, led by one boat +in which some green flares were found, +which acted as a beacon for which the +others made. One man had a pocket<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> +electric lamp, which he flashed now and +then, a little ray of hope and guidance +shining across those dark and miserable +waters. Not all of the boats had food and +water on board. Many women were only +in their night-clothes, some of the men in +evening dress; everyone was bitterly cold, +although, fortunately, there was no wind +and no sea.</p> + +<p>The stars paled in the sky; the darkness +became a little lighter; the gray daylight +began to come. Out of the surrounding +gloom a wider and wider area +of sea became visible, with here and there +a boat discernible on it, and here and +there some fragments of wreckage. By +this time the boats had rowed away from +the dreadful region, and but few floating +bodies were visible. The waves rose and +fell, smooth as oil, first gray in colour, +and then, as the light increased, the pure +dark blue of mid-ocean. The eastern sky<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +began to grow red under the cloud bank, +and from red to orange, and from orange +to gold, the lovely pageantry of an Atlantic +dawn began to unfold itself before +the aching eyes that had been gazing on +prodigies and horrors. From out that +well of light in the sky came rays that +painted the wave-backs first with rose, +and then with saffron, and then with pure +gold. And in the first flush of that blessed +and comforting light the draggled and +weary sufferers saw, first a speck far to +the south, then a smudge of cloud, and +then the red and black smoke-stack of a +steamer that meant succour and safety +for them.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XV" id="XV"></a>XV<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">F</span>rom</span> every quarter of the ocean, +summoned by the miracle of the +wireless voice, many ships had been +racing since midnight to the help of the +doomed liner. From midnight onwards +captains were being called by messages +from the wireless operators of their ships, +telling them that the <i>Titanic</i> was asking +for help; courses were being altered and +chief engineers called upon to urge their +stokehold crews to special efforts; for +coal means steam, and steam means +speed, and speed may mean life. Many +ships that could receive the strong electric +impulses sent out from the <i>Titanic</i> had +not electric strength enough to answer; +but they turned and came to that invisible<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> +spot represented by a few figures which +the faithful wireless indicated. Even as +far as five hundred miles away, the +<i>Parisian</i> turned in her tracks in obedience +to the call and came racing towards the +north-west. But there were tragedies +even with the wireless. The Leyland liner +<i>Californian</i>, bound for Boston, was only +seventeen miles away from the <i>Titanic</i> +when she struck, and could have saved +every soul on board; but her wireless apparatus +was not working, and she was +deaf to the agonized calls that were being +sent out from only a few miles away. The +<i>Parisian</i>, five hundred miles away, could +hear and come, though it was useless; the +<i>Californian</i> could not hear and so did not +come though, if she had, she would probably +have saved every life on board. The +<i>Cincinnati</i>, the <i>Amerika</i>, the <i>Prinz Friedrich +Wilhelm</i>, the <i>Menominee</i>, the <i>La +Provence</i>, the <i>Prinz Adalbert</i>, the <i>Virginian</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> +the <i>Olympic</i>, and the <i>Baltic</i> all +heard the news and all turned towards +Lat. 41° 46′ N., Long. 50° 14′ W. The +dread news was being whispered all over +the sea, and even ashore, just as the +dwellers on the North Atlantic seaboard +were retiring to rest, the station at Cape +Race intercepted the talk of the <i>Titanic</i> +270 miles away, and flashed the message +out far and wide; so that Government +tugs and ships with steam up in harbours, +and everything afloat in the vicinity which +heard the news might hurry to the rescue. +Cape Race soon heard that the <i>Virginian</i> +was on her way to the <i>Titanic’s</i> position, +then that the <i>Olympic</i> and <i>Carpathia</i> had +altered their courses and were making for +the wounded ship, and so on. Throughout +the night the rumours in the air were +busy, while still the steady calls came out +in firm electric waves from the <i>Titanic</i>—still +calling, still flashing “C.Q.D.” At<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +1.20 she whispered to the <i>Olympic</i>, “Get +your boats ready; going down fast by +the head.” At 1.35 the <i>Frankfurt</i> (after +an hour and a half’s delay) said, “We are +starting for you.” Then at 1.41 came a +message to the <i>Olympic</i>, “C.Q.D., boilers +flooded.”</p> + +<p>“Are there any boats round you already?” +asked the <i>Olympic</i>, but there +was no answer.</p> + +<p>Other ships began to call, giving encouraging +messages: “We are coming,” +said the <i>Birma</i>, “only fifty miles away”; +but still there was no answer.</p> + +<p>All over the North Atlantic men in +lighted instrument rooms sat listening +with the telephones at their ears; they +heard each other’s questions and waited +in the silence, but it was never broken +again by the voice from the <i>Titanic</i>. +“All quiet now,” reported the <i>Birma</i> +to the <i>Olympic</i>, and all quiet it was,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +except for the thrashing and pounding +of a score of propellers, and the hiss +of a dozen steel stems as they ripped the +smooth waters on courses converging to +the spot where the wireless voice had suddenly +flickered out into silence.</p> + +<p>But of all those who had been listening +to the signals Captain Rostron of the +<i>Carpathia</i> knew that his ship would most +likely be among the first to reach the +spot. It was about midnight on Sunday +that the passengers of the <i>Carpathia</i> first +became aware that something unusual +was happening. The course had been +changed and a certain hurrying about on +the decks took the place of the usual midnight +quiet. The trembling and vibration +increased to a quick jumping movement +as pressure of steam was gradually increased +and the engines urged to the extreme +of their driving capacity. The chief +steward summoned his staff and set them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +to work making sandwiches and preparing +hot drinks. All the hot water was +cut off from the cabins and bath-rooms, +so that every ounce of steam could be +utilized for driving the machinery.</p> + +<p>The <i>Carpathia</i> was nearly seventy miles +from the position of the <i>Titanic</i> when she +changed her course and turned northward; +she had been steaming just over +four hours when, in the light of that wonderful +dawn, those on the look-out descried +a small boat. As they drew nearer +they saw other boats, and fragments of +wreckage, and masses of ice drifting +about the sea. Captain Rostron stopped +while he was still a good distance from +the boats, realizing that preparations must +be made before he could take passengers +on board. The accommodation gangway +was rigged and also rope ladders lowered +over the sides, and canvas slings were +arranged to hoist up those who were too<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +feeble to climb. The passengers crowded +along the rail or looked out of their portholes +to see the reaping of this strange +harvest of the sea. The first boat came up +almost filled with women and children—women +in evening dress or in fur coats +thrown over nightgowns, in silk stockings +and slippers, in rags and shawls. +The babies were crying; some of the +women were injured and some half-fainting; +all had horror on their faces. Other +boats began to come up, and the work of +embarking the seven hundred survivors +went on. It took a long time, for some of +the boats were far away, and it was not +until they had been seven hours afloat +that the last of them were taken on board +the <i>Carpathia</i>. Some climbed up the ladders, +others were put into the slings and +swung on board, stewards standing by +with rum and brandy to revive the fainting; +and many willing hands were occupied<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> +with caring for the sufferers, taking +them at once to improvised couches and +beds, or conducting those who were not +so exhausted to the saloon where hot +drinks and food were ready. But it was a +ghastly company. As boat after boat +came up, those who had already been +saved eagerly searched among its occupants +to see if their own friends were +among them; and as gradually the tale +of boats was completed and it was known +that no more had been saved, and the terrible +magnitude of the loss was realized—then, +in the words of one of the <i>Carpathia’s</i> +people, “Bedlam broke loose.” +Women who had borne themselves +bravely throughout the hours of waiting +and exposure broke into shrieking hysterics, +calling upon the names of their +lost. Some went clean out of their minds; +one or two died there in the very moment +of rescue. The <i>Carpathia’s</i> passengers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +gave up their rooms and ransacked their +trunks to find clothing for the more than +half-naked survivors; and at last exhaustion, +resignation, and the doctor’s +merciful drugs did the rest. The dead +were buried; those who had been snatched +too late from the bitter waters were committed +to them again, and eternally, with +solemn words; and the <i>Carpathia</i> was +headed for New York.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XVI" id="XVI"></a>XVI<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>he</span> <i>Californian</i> had come up while +the <i>Carpathia</i> was taking the survivors +on board, and it was arranged +that she should remain and search +the vicinity while the <i>Carpathia</i> made all +haste to New York. And the other ships +that had answered the call for help either +came up later in the morning and stayed +for a little cruising about in the forlorn +hope of finding more survivors, or else +turned back and resumed their voyages +when they heard the <i>Carpathia’s</i> tidings.</p> + +<p>In the meantime the shore stations +could get no news. Word reached New +York and London in the course of the +morning that the <i>Titanic</i> had struck an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> +iceberg and was badly damaged, but +nothing more was known until a message, +the origin of which could not be +discovered, came to say that the <i>Titanic</i> +was being towed to Halifax by the <i>Virginian</i>, +and that all her passengers were +saved. With this news the London evening +papers came out on that Monday, +and even on Tuesday the early editions +of the morning papers had the same story, +and commented upon the narrow escape +of the huge ship. Even the White Star +officials had on Monday no definite news; +and when their offices in New York were +besieged by newspaper men and relatives +of the passengers demanding information, +the pathetic belief in the <i>Titanic’s</i> +strength was allowed to overshadow +anxieties concerning the greater disaster. +Mr. Franklin, the vice-president of the +American Trust to which the White Star +Company belongs, issued the following<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +statement from New York on Monday:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>“We have nothing direct from the +<i>Titanic</i>, but are perfectly satisfied that +the vessel is unsinkable. The fact that +the Marconi messages have ceased means +nothing; it may be due to atmospheric +conditions or the coming up of the ships, +or something of that sort.</p> + +<p>“We are not worried over the possible +loss of the ship, as she will not go down, +but we are sorry for the inconvenience +caused to the travelling public. We are +absolutely certain that the <i>Titanic</i> is able +to withstand any damage. She may be +down by the head, but would float indefinitely +in that condition.”</p></div> + +<p>Still that same word, “unsinkable,” +which had now indeed for the first time +become a true one: for it is only when +she lies at the bottom of the sea that any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> +ship can be called unsinkable. On Tuesday +morning when the dreadful news was +first certainly known, those proud words +had to be taken back. Again Mr. Franklin +had to face the reporters, and this +time he could only say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>“I must take upon myself the whole +blame for that statement. I made it, and +I believed it when I made it. The accident +to the <i>Olympic</i>, when she collided +with the cruiser <i>Hawke</i>, convinced me that +these ships, the <i>Olympic</i> and <i>Titanic</i>, +were built like battleships, able to resist +almost any kind of accident, particularly +a collision. I made the statement in good +faith, and upon me must rest the responsibility +for error, since the fact has +proved that it was not a correct description +of the unfortunate <i>Titanic</i>.”</p></div> + +<p>And for three days while the <i>Carpathia</i> +was ploughing her way, now slowly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> +through ice-strewn seas, and now at full +speed through open water, and while +England lay under the cloud of an unprecedented +disaster, New York was in a +ferment of grief, excitement, and indignation. +Crowds thronged the streets outside +the offices of the White Star Line, +while gradually, in lists of thirty or forty +at a time, the names of the survivors +began to come through from the <i>Carpathia</i>. +And at last, when all the names +had been spelled out, and interrogated, +and corrected, the grim total of the figures +stood out in appalling significance—seven +hundred and three saved, one thousand +five hundred and three lost.</p> + +<p>It is not possible, nor would it be very +profitable, to describe the scenes that took +place on these days of waiting, the alternations +of hope and grief, of thankfulness +and wild despair, of which the shipping +offices were the scene. They culminated<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +on the Thursday evening when the <i>Carpathia</i> +arrived in New York. The greatest +precautions had been taken to prevent the +insatiable thirst for news from turning +that solemn disembarkation into a battlefield. +The entrance to the dock was carefully +guarded, and only those were admitted +who had business there or who +could prove that they had relations among +the rescued passengers. Similar precautions +were taken on the ship; she was not +even boarded by the Custom officials, nor +were any reporters allowed on board, although +a fleet of steam launches went out +in the cold rainy evening to meet her, +bearing pressmen who were prepared to +run any risks to get a footing on the +ship. They failed, however, and the small +craft were left behind in the mist, as the +<i>Carpathia</i> came gliding up the Hudson.</p> + +<p>Among the waiting crowd were nurses, +doctors, and a staff of ambulance men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +and women; for all kinds of wild rumours +were afloat as to the condition of those +who had been rescued. The women of New +York had devoted the days of waiting to +the organization of a powerful relief committee, +and had collected money and clothing +on an ample scale to meet the needs +of those, chiefly among the steerage passengers, +who should find themselves destitute +when they landed. And there, in the +rain of that gloomy evening, they waited.</p> + +<p>At last they saw the <i>Carpathia</i> come +creeping up the river and head towards +the White Star pier. The flashlights of +photographers were playing about her, +and with this silent salute she came into +dock. Gateways had been erected, shutting +off the edge of the pier from the sheds +in which the crowd was waiting, and the +first sight they had of the rescued was +when after the gangway had been rigged, +and the brief formalities of the shore complied<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +with, the passengers began slowly +to come down the gangway. A famous +English dramatist who was looking on at +the scene has written of it eloquently, describing +the strange varieties of bearing +and demeanour; how one face had a +startled, frightened look that seemed as +if it would always be there, another a set +and staring gaze; how one showed an +angry, rebellious desperation, and another +seemed merely dazed. Some carried on +stretchers, some supported by nurses, and +some handed down by members of the +crew, they came, either to meetings that +were agonizing in their joy, or to blank +loneliness that would last until they died. +Five or six babies without mothers, some +of them utterly unidentified and unidentifiable, +were handed down with the rest, so +strangely preserved, in all their tenderness +and helplessness, through that terrible +time of confusion and exposure.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p> + +<p>And in the minds of those who looked +on at this sad procession there was one +tragic, recurrent thought: that for every +one who came down the gangway, ill +perhaps, maimed perhaps, destitute perhaps, +but alive and on solid earth again, +there were two either drifting in the slow +Arctic current, or lying in the great submarine +valley to which the ship had gone +down. They were a poor remnant indeed +of all that composite world of pride, and +strength, and riches; for Death winnows +with a strange fan, and although one +would suit his purpose as well as another, +he often chooses the best and the +strongest. There were card-sharpers, and +orphaned infants, and destitute consumptives +among the saved; and there were +hundreds of heroes and strong men +among the drowned. There were among +the saved those to whom death would +have been no great enemy, who had no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +love for life or ties to bind them to it; +and there were those among the drowned +for whom life was at its very best and +dearest; lovers and workers in the very +morning of life before whom the years +had stretched forward rich with promise.</p> + +<p>And when nearly all had gone and the +crowd in the docks was melting away, +one man, who had until then remained +secluded in the ship came quietly out, +haggard and stricken with woe: Bruce +Ismay, the representative and figure-head +of that pride and power which had given +being to the <i>Titanic</i>. In a sense he bore +on his own shoulders the burden of every +sufferer’s grief and loss; and he bore it, +not with shame, for he had no cause for +shame, but with reticence of words and +activity in such alleviating deeds as were +possible, and with a dignity which was +proof against even the bitter injustice of +which he was the victim in the days that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +followed. There was pity enough in New +York, hysterical pity, sentimental pity, +real pity, practical pity, for all the obvious +and patent distress of the bereaved and +destitute; but there was no pity for this +man who, of all that ragged remnant that +walked back to life down the <i>Carpathia’s</i> +gangway, had perhaps the most need +of pity.</p> + + + +<h2><a name="XVII" id="XVII"></a>XVII<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></h2> + + +<p class="newchapter"><span class="firstword"><span class="dropcap">T</span>he</span> symbols of Honour and Glory +and Time that looked so handsome +in the flooding sunlight of +the <i>Titanic’s</i> stairway lie crushed into +unrecognizable shapes and splinters beneath +the tonnage of two thousand +fathoms of ocean water. Time is no more +for the fifteen hundred souls who perished +with them; but Honour and Glory, by +strange ways and unlooked-for events, +have come into their own. It was not +Time, nor the creatures and things of +Time, that received their final crown +there; but things that have nothing to +do with Time, qualities that, in their +power of rising beyond all human limitations, +we must needs call divine.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span></p> + +<p>The <i>Titanic</i> was in more senses than +one a fool’s paradise. There is nothing +that man can build that nature cannot +destroy, and far as he may advance in +might and knowledge and cunning, her +blind strength will always be more than +his match. But men easily forget this; +they wish to forget it; and the beautiful +and comfortable and agreeable equipment +of this ship helped them to forget it. You +may cover the walls of a ship with rare +woods and upholster them with tapestries +and brocades, but it is the bare steel walls +behind them on which you depend to keep +out the water; it is the strength of those +walls, relatively to the strength of such +natural forces as may be arrayed against +them, on which the safety of the ship depends. +If they are weaker than something +which assails them, the water must +come in and the ship must sink. It was +assumed too readily that, in the case of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +the <i>Titanic</i>, these things could not happen; +it was assumed too readily that if in +the extreme event they did happen, the +manifold appliances for saving life would +be amply sufficient for the security of the +passengers. Thus they lived in a serene +confidence such as no ship’s company +ever enjoyed before, or will enjoy again +for a long time to come. And there +were gathered about them almost all +those accessories of material life which +are necessary to the paradise of fools, +and are extremely agreeable to wiser +men.</p> + +<p>It was this perfect serenity of their condition +which made so poignant the tragedy +of their sudden meeting with death—that +pale angel whom every man knows that +he must some day encounter, but whom +most of us hope to find at the end of +some road a very long way off waiting +for us with comforting and soothing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> +hands. We do not expect to meet him +suddenly turning the corner of the street, +or in an environment of refined and +elegant conviviality, or in the midst of +our noonday activities, or at midnight on +the high seas when we are dreaming on +feather pillows. But it was thus that +those on the <i>Titanic</i> encountered him, +waiting there in the ice and the starlight, +arresting the ship’s progress with his out-stretched +arm, and standing by, waiting, +while the sense of his cold presence +gradually sank like a frost into their +hearts.</p> + +<p>To say that all the men who died on +the <i>Titanic</i> were heroes would be as absurd +as to say that all who were saved were +cowards. There were heroes among both +groups and cowards among both groups, +as there must be among any large number +of men. It is the collective behaviour and +the general attitude towards disaster that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> +is important at such a time; and in this +respect there is ample evidence that death +scored no advantage in the encounter, +and that, though he took a spoil of bodies +that had been destined for him since the +moment of their birth, he left the hearts +unconquered. In that last half-hour before +the end, when every one on the ship was +under sentence of death, modern civilization +went through a severe test. By their +bearing in that moment those fated men +and women had to determine whether, +through the long years of peace and increase +of material comfort and withdrawal +from contact with the cruder elements of +life, their race had deteriorated in courage +and morale. It is only by such great +tests that we can determine how we stand +in these matters, and, as they periodically +recur, measure our advance or decline. +And the human material there made the +test a very severe one; for there were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +people on the <i>Titanic</i> who had so entrenched +themselves behind ramparts of +wealth and influence as to have wellnigh +forgotten that, equally with the waif and +the pauper, they were exposed to the +caprice of destiny; and who might have +been forgiven if, in that awful moment of +realization, they had shown the white +feather and given themselves over to +panic. But there is ample evidence that +these men stood the test equally as well +as those whose occupation and training +made them familiar with the risks of the +sea, to which they were continually exposed, +and through which they might +reasonably expect to come to just such +an end. There was no theatrical heroism, +no striking of attitudes, or attempt to +escape from the dread reality in any form +of spiritual hypnosis; they simply stood +about the decks, smoking cigarettes, talking +to one another, and waiting for their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +hour to strike. There is nothing so hard, +nothing so entirely dignified, as to be +silent and quiet in the face of an approaching +horror.</p> + +<p>That was one form of heroism, which +will make the influence of this thing +deathless long after the memory of it has +faded as completely from the minds of +men as sight or sign of it has faded from +that area of ocean where, two miles above +the sunken ship, the rolling blue furrows +have smoothed away all trace of the +struggles and agonies that embittered it. +But there was another heroism which +must be regarded as the final crown and +glory of this catastrophe—not because it +is exceptional, for happily it is not, but +because it continued and confirmed a +tradition of English sea life that should +be a tingling inspiration to everyone who +has knowledge of it. The men who did +the work of the ship were no composite,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> +highly drilled body like the men in the +navy who, isolated for months at a time +and austerely disciplined, are educated +into an <i>esprit de corps</i> and sense of responsibility +that make them willing, in +moments of emergency, to sacrifice individual +safety to the honour of the ship +and of the Service to which they belong. +These stokers, stewards, and seamen were +the ordinary scratch crew, signed on at +Southampton for one round trip to New +York and back; most of them had never +seen each other or their officers before; +they had none of the training or the securities +afforded by a great national service; +they were simply—especially in the +case of the stokers—men so low in the +community that they were able to live no +pleasanter life than that afforded by the +stokehold of a ship—an inferno of darkness +and noise and commotion and insufferable +heat—men whose experience of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> +the good things of life was half an hour’s +breathing of the open sea air between +their spells of labour at the furnaces, or +a drunken spree ashore whence, after +being poisoned by cheap drink and robbed +by joyless women of the fruits of their +spell of labour, they are obliged to return +to it again to find the means for another +debauch. Not the stuff out of which one +would expect an austere heroism to be +evolved. Yet such are the traditions of +the sea, such is the power of those traditions +and the spirit of those who interpret +them, that some of these men—not all, +but some—remained down in the <i>Titanic’s</i> +stokeholds long after she had struck, and +long after the water, pouring like a cataract +through the rent in her bottom and rising +like a tide round the black holes where +they worked, had warned them that her +doom, and probably theirs, was sealed.</p> + +<p>In the engine-room were another group<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> +of heroes, men of a far higher type, with +fine intelligences, trained in all the subtleties +and craft of modern ships, men +with education and imagination who could +see in their mind’s eye all the variations +of horror that might await them. These +men also continued at their routine tasks +in the engine room, knowing perfectly +well that no power on earth could save +them, choosing to stay there while there +was work to be done for the common +good, their best hope being presently to +be drowned instead of being boiled or +scalded to death. All through the ship, +though in less awful circumstances, the +same spirit was being observed; men who +had duties to do went on doing them because +they were the kind of men to whom +in such an hour it came more easily to +perform than to shirk their duties. The +three ship’s boys spent the whole of that +hour carrying provisions from the store-room<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> +to the deck; the post-office employés +worked in the flooded mail-room +below to save the mail-bags and carry +them up to where they might be taken off +if there should be a chance; the purser +and his men brought up the ship’s books +and money, against all possibility of its +being any use to do so, but because it was +their duty at such a time to do so; the +stewards were busy to the end with their +domestic, and the officers with their executive, +duties. In all this we have an example +of spontaneous discipline—for they +had never been drilled in doing these +things, they only knew that they had to +do them—such as no barrack-room discipline +in the world could match. In such +moments all artificial bonds are useless. +It is what men are in themselves that determines +their conduct; and discipline and +conduct like this are proofs, not of the +superiority of one race over another, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> +that in the core of human nature itself +there is an abiding sweetness and soundness +that fear cannot embitter nor death +corrupt.</p> + + +<p style="padding-top: 1.5em">The twin gray horses are still at their +work in Belfast Lough, and on any summer +morning you may see their white +manes shining like gold as they escort you +in from the sunrise and the open sea to +where the smoke rises and the din resounds.</p> + +<p>For the iron forest has branched again, +and its dreadful groves are echoing anew +to the clamour of the hammers and the +drills. Another ship, greater and stronger +even than the lost one, is rising within the +cathedral scaffoldings; and the men who +build her, companions of those whom the +<i>Titanic</i> spilled into the sea, speak among +themselves and say, “this time we shall +prevail.”</p> + +<p style="font-size: 90%"><i>May 1912.</i></p> + + + +<h2><a name="A_TABLE" id="A_TABLE"></a>A TABLE<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span><br /> + +<span style="font-size: 70%">SHOWING THE LOSS OF LIFE ON THE <i>TITANIC</i></span></h2> + + +<table summary="victims"> +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">First Class</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">173</td><td class="ral">58</td><td class="ral">115</td><td class="ral">34</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">144</td><td class="ral">139</td><td class="ral">5</td><td class="ral">97</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Children</td><td class="ral">5</td><td class="ral">5</td><td class="ral">0</td><td class="ral">100</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">322</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">202</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">120</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">63</span></td></tr> + + +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">Second Class</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">160</td><td class="ral">13</td><td class="ral">147</td><td class="ral">8</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">93</td><td class="ral">78</td><td class="ral">15</td><td class="ral">84</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Children</td><td class="ral">24</td><td class="ral">24</td><td class="ral">0</td><td class="ral">100</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">277</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">115</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">162</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">42</span></td></tr> + + +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">Third Class</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">454</td><td class="ral">55</td><td class="ral">399</td><td class="ral">12</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">179</td><td class="ral">98</td><td class="ral">81</td><td class="ral">55</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Children</td><td class="ral">76</td><td class="ral">23</td><td class="ral">53</td><td class="ral">30</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">709</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">176</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">533</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">25</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">Total Passengers</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">787</td><td class="ral">126</td><td class="ral">661</td><td class="ral">16</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">416</td><td class="ral">315</td><td class="ral">101</td><td class="ral">76</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Children</td><td class="ral">105</td><td class="ral">52</td><td class="ral">53</td><td class="ral">49</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">1308</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">493</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">815</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">38</span></td></tr> + + +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">Crew</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">875</td><td class="ral">189</td><td class="ral">686</td><td class="ral">22</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">23</td><td class="ral">21</td><td class="ral">2</td><td class="ral">91</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">898</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">210</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">688</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">23</span></td></tr> + + +<tr><td class="pc" colspan="5">Total Passengers and Crew</td></tr> +<tr><td class="ral" colspan="5">Per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal"> </td><td class="ral">Carried.</td><td class="ral">Saved.</td><td class="ral">Lost.</td><td class="ral">saved.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Men</td><td class="ral">1662</td><td class="ral">315</td><td class="ral">1347</td><td class="ral">19</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Women</td><td class="ral">439</td><td class="ral">336</td><td class="ral">103</td><td class="ral">77</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lal">Children</td><td class="ral">105</td><td class="ral">52</td><td class="ral">53</td><td class="ral">49</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lal">Total</td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">2206</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">703</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr">1503</span></td><td class="total"><span class="hrr" style="padding-left: 1em">32</span></td></tr> +</table> + + + +<p class="center" style="width: 60%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; font-size: 60%; border-top: solid black 1px; padding-top: 0.5em">CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.<br /> +TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + +<div class="advertisements"> +<h3 style="border-bottom: solid black 1px; font-weight: normal; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 0.5em">BY THE SAME AUTHOR</h3> + +<h3>CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS <small>AND</small><br /> +<small>THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY</small>.</h3> + +<p style="font-size: 110%; width: 70%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-indent: 0em">With Frontispiece in colour by Norman Wilkinson. +Portrait, Maps, Illustrations, Appendices and a Note +on the Navigation of Columbus’s First Voyage by +the Earl of Dunraven, K.P. Large Post 8vo, cloth, gilt. +7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> net. (Third Edition.)</p> + +<p>Mr. Henry Vignaud, late Secretary of the American Embassy +and distinguished historian of Columbus, says:</p> + +<p>“<i>In this book the hero who discovered the New World is shown +for the first time as a living man.... A more true and lively +picture of the great discoverer than is contained in any other +work.</i>”</p> + +<p>“Mr. Filson Young has done nothing better ... there is not +a dull page in the seven hundred. His descriptions of visible +things, of streets and hills, and seas and men, are vivid in his +accustomed manner. His narrative is rich and marching, yet +sufficiently precise.... For the modern taste there is really +nothing about Columbus to compare with Mr. Young’s for matter +and style.”—<i>The Morning Post.</i></p> + +<p>“If these volumes do not bring the figure of Columbus into +closer relation with the mind of the present generation, it must +be because people simply do not care to learn about anything +that lies a few yards beyond their own thresholds. Our hope, +however, is better; and we imagine that there will be a wide +public for a narrative so fresh and spirited.</p> + +<p>“Mr. Filson Young tells his story, without turning to the right +hand or to the left, in a free and fluent fashion.... Very vigorous +too are the passages dealing with his voyages, for Mr. Filson +Young has drunk deep of the spirit of the sea and nowhere writes +so well as in his account of the seafarer’s business in great waters.... +The book abounds in interludes of suggestive thought and +clear, vigorous expression. But, the book must be commended +for the keen, eager spirit of its narrative and the abounding interest +of its romances. If all gleaners in the field of history were +as skilful as Mr. Young, we should not hear so much about the +dry-as-dust dullness of what ought to be always one of the most +fascinating forms of literary art.”</p> + +<p class="right" style="margin-bottom: 2em">Mr. W. L. Courtney in <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>.</p> + +<p>“Mr. Young has given us an estimate of the man which is +attractive and poetical. His account of the four voyages to the +Indies is a romance of the sea.... His book is a book of colour +and the spirit of adventure. We delight in that vision of his +which shows to others the world and the sea and the strange +‘Indias’ very much as Columbus saw them, with his keen eyes, +four centuries ago.”—<i>The Manchester Guardian.</i></p> + +<p>“History clothed with a gracious humanity ... history that +has reality and life ... not a mere record of his acts, but a reconstruction +of the man who died four centuries ago, so that at +the end of the book we feel that we have known and spoken with +Columbus.... Breathes interest from every page.”—<i>The Daily +Chronicle.</i></p> + +<p>“He writes with charm, with colour, and with humour ... +very readable and eloquent.... We can give but a little quotation +to show Mr. Young’s eloquence, but we can assure the +reader that he has many passages that set one longing for the +sea.”—Mr. John Masefield in <i>The Tribune.</i></p> + +<p>“It is almost impossible to do justice to the splendour and +romance of these two finely produced volumes.... ‘Charity, +truth, and justice,’ that is the meed Columbus has from Mr. +Filson Young, whose book—austere, dignified, stately—forms by +far the most striking and vivid portrait of the hero in our language.”—<i>The +Morning Leader.</i></p> + +<p style="padding-bottom: 2em">“To write a new book on Columbus seems a daring project; +so many folios have already been dedicated to his life. Mr. +Young has justified himself; so many books on the Genoese +sailor have been either unexpectedly dull or painfully inaccurate. +Mr. Young is neither; in a style pleasant and lucid he has set +before us with vigour the period and the setting of these famous +voyages. In his pages we can enter into the feelings and aspirations +of those Western seamen.”—<i>The Pall Mall Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="center" style="width: 60%; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; font-size: 80%; border-top: solid black 1px; padding-top: 0.5em">GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. <span class="smcap">7, Carlton St. London, S.W.</span></p> +</div> + + +<div class="catalog"> +<h3> +<big>THE GRANT RICHARDS BOOKS</big><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3a" id="Page_3a">[3]</a></span><br /> +BEING A COMPLETE CATALOGUE<br /> +OF THE BOOKS PUBLISHED BY<br /> +GRANT RICHARDS, LTD.<br /> +7 CARLTON STREET<br /> +LONDON, S.W.<br /> +<small>1912</small></h3> + +<p class="right"><b>7 Carlton Street, London, S.W.</b></p> + +<p><b>Ade, George.</b></p> + +<p>— In Pastures New. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="Androutsos_Chrestos" id="Androutsos_Chrestos"></a><b>Androutsos, Chrestos.</b></p> + +<p>— The Validity of English Ordinations. Translated and +Edited by F. W. Groves Campbell, LL.D. Crown +8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Æschylus.</b></p> + +<p>— The Agamemnon of Æschylus. Translated by Arthur +Platt, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2s. 6<i>d.</i> net.</p> + +<p><b>Æsop.</b></p> + +<p>— Æsop’s Fables. With many illustrations in colour and +in black and white by J. M. Condé. Medium 8vo. cloth, 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Aflalo F. G.</b></p> + +<p>— The Call of the Sea: A Prose Anthology. With End-papers +in colour by William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. +Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Aix.</b></p> + +<p>— The Adventures of a Nice Young Man. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Allen, Grant.</b></p> + +<p>— Evolution in Italian Art. With an introduction by +J. W. Cruickshank. Illustrated. Pott 4to. cloth +gilt, 10s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— <a name="Grant_Allens_Historical_Guides" id="Grant_Allens_Historical_Guides"></a>Grant Allen’s Historical Guides. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. +Each 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p class="ads">Paris. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [<i>Fifth Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">Florence. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [<i>Fifth Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">Cities of Belgium. By Grant Allen. [<i>Third Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">Venice. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [<i>Fourth Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">Cities of Northern Italy. By G. C. Williamson, D.L. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">The Umbrian Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank.</p> + +<p class="ads">Classical Rome. By H. Stuart Jones.</p> + +<p class="ads">Christian Rome. By J. W. Cruickshank. Illustrated. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">Smaller Tuscan Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p>— The Woman Who Did. New edition. With frontispiece +by Frank Haviland. 3s. 6d.</p> + +<p><b>Anon.</b></p> + +<p>— A Babe Unborn. 6s.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4a" id="Page_4a">[4]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Anonymous.</b></p> + +<p>— The Future Prime Minister. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Applin, Arthur.</b></p> + +<p>— The Children of the Gutter. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Butcher of Bruton Street. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Aristophanes.</b>—<a href="#Richards_Herbert_MA"><i>See under</i> Richards, Herbert, M.A.</a></p> + +<p><b>Atkey, Bertram.</b></p> + +<p>— Easy Money. With 36 Illustrations by G. L. Stampa. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Folk of the Wild: A Book of the Forests, the Moors +and the Mountains, of the Beasts of the Silent +Places, their Lives, their Doings and their Deaths. +With 31 Illustrations by Harry Rountree. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Ault, Lena and Norman.</b></p> + +<p>— The Podgy Book of Tales. With 16 Illustrations in +Colour and over 100 in black and white. Demy +16mo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Barrington, Rutland.</b></p> + +<p>— Rutland Barrington: a Record of Thirty-five Years on +the Stage. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. +7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— More Rutland Barrington. Illustrated. Large post +8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Barzini, Luigi.</b></p> + +<p>— Pekin to Paris: An Account of Prince Borghese’s +Journey across two Continents in a Motor Car. +With an Introduction by Prince Borghese. Illustrated. +Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 16s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Bates, Katherine L.</b></p> + +<p>— From Gretna Green to Land’s End. Illustrated. Demy +8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Bax, Ernest Belfort.</b></p> + +<p>— The Last Episode of the French Revolution: Being a +History of Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of +the Equals. With Portrait. Cloth. Large post +8vo. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— The Roots of Reality: Being Suggestions for a +Philosophical Reconstruction. Large post 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Essays in Socialism. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. +People’s Edition with additional Essays. With +cover design by Walter Crane. Demy 8vo. +Sewed. 6d.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5a" id="Page_5a">[5]</a></span></p> + +<p><a name="Baxter_Richard" id="Baxter_Richard"></a><b>Baxter, Richard.</b></p> + +<p>— The Saints’ Everlasting Rest. Edited by the Rev. +William Young. With portrait. Large post 8vo. +Half-leather. 7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Bedford, F. D.</b></p> + +<p>— A Night of Wonders. Illustrated in Colours. Fcap. +8vo. oblong. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Bisgood, Mary.</b></p> + +<p>— Powder and Jam. With 32 Illustrations in Colour. +Crown 8vo. oblong. Cloth. 2s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Blake, William.</b> <a href="#VENETIAN_SERIES_THE"><i>See under</i> Venetian Series, The.</a></p> + +<p><b>Blyth, James.</b></p> + +<p>— The Same Clay. 6s.—Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed, 1s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Booth, Edward C.</b></p> + +<p>— The Doctor’s Lass. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Cliff End. Illustrated. 6s. [<i>Fourth Edition.</i></p> + +<p><b>Braithwaite, W. S.</b></p> + +<p>— The Book of Georgian Verse. 1300 pages. Fcap. 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Browne, Sir Thomas.</b></p> + +<p>— Religio Medici, Urn Burial and an Essay on Dreams. +With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. Leather gilt, 3s. net. +Cloth gilt, 2s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Bruce, H. Addington.</b></p> + +<p>— The Riddle of Personality. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Burgess, Gelett.</b></p> + +<p>— The Heart Line. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Burland, Harris.</b></p> + +<p>— The Broken Law. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Black Motor Car. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Burroughs, D.</b></p> + +<p>— Jack the Giant-killer, Junior. With 11 Illustrations. +Fcap. 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><a name="Cain_Georges" id="Cain_Georges"></a><b>Cain, Georges.</b></p> + +<p>— Nooks and Corners of Old Paris. Translated by +Frederick Lawton. Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth +gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Caldbeck, Major Roper.</b></p> + +<p>— The Nation and the Army. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6<i>d.</i> net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6a" id="Page_6a">[6]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Campbell, F. W. Groves.</b></p> + +<p>— Apollonius of Tyana. With an Introduction by Ernest +Oldmeadow. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— <a href="#Androutsos_Chrestos"><i>See also under</i> Androutsos, Chrestos.</a></p> + +<p><b>Carmichael, Philip.</b></p> + +<p>— The Man from the Moon. With 8 Illustrations in +Colour and many in Black-and-White by Frank +Watkins. Pott 4to. Cloth. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Casson, Herbert N.</b></p> + +<p>— The Romance of Steel: The Story of a Thousand +Millionaires. Illustrated. Medium 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 10s. 6<i>d.</i> net.</p> + +<p><b>Castle, Tudor Ralph.</b></p> + +<p>— The Gentle Shepherd. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cawein, Madison.</b></p> + +<p>— New Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Half parchment. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>CHAPBOOKS, THE.</b> Royal 32mo. Lambskin gilt, each +2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p class="ads">I. Lyrists of the Restoration.</p> + +<p class="ads">II. Essays Moral and Polite.</p> + +<p class="ads">III. The Poems of Herrick.</p> + +<p class="ads">IV. Lyrics of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont & Fletcher.</p> + +<p><b>Chatterton, Thomas.</b> <a href="#Russell_Charles_Edward"><i>See under</i> Russell, Charles Edward.</a></p> + +<p><b>Chaucer, Geoffrey.</b></p> + +<p>— The Canterbury Tales. Told by Percy Mackaye. With +Illustrations in Colour by W. Appleton Clark. +Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Chester, George Randolph.</b></p> + +<p>— Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.</b> <a href="#VENETIAN_SERIES_THE"><i>See under</i> Venetian Series, The.</a></p> + +<p><b>Consule Planco</b>: Being Reflections of an Etonian of that +Period. Fcap. 8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Copping, Arthur E.</b></p> + +<p>— Gotty and the Guv’nor: A True Narrative of Gotty’s +Doings Ashore and Afloat, with an Account of his +Voyage of Discovery on a Shrimping Bawley in +the English Channel. With 24 Illustrations by +Will Owen. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cornford, L. Cope.</b></p> + +<p>— Parson Brand. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Canker at the Heart: Being Studies in the Life +of the Poor in the Year of Grace 1905. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7a" id="Page_7a">[7]</a></span></p> + +<p>— The Defenceless Islands: A Study of the Social and +Industrial Conditions of Great Britain and Ireland, +and of the Effect upon them of an Outbreak of a +Maritime War. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Cottingham, H.</b></p> + +<p>— Business Success. Royal 16mo. Cloth, 1s. net. Sewed, +6d. net</p> + +<p><b>Cruickshank, J. W.</b> <a href="#Grant_Allens_Historical_Guides"><i>See under</i> Allen, Grant, Historical Guides.</a></p> + +<p><b>Curties, Henry.</b></p> + +<p>— Renée. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="Dampier_Captain_William" id="Dampier_Captain_William"></a><b>Dampier, Captain William.</b></p> + +<p>— The Voyages of Captain William Dampier. Edited by +John Masefield. Illustrated. Two volumes. Demy +8vo. 25s. net. Limited to 1000 copies. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Danrit, Captain.</b></p> + +<p>— The Sunken Submarine. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +5s. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p><b>Davidson, John.</b></p> + +<p>— The Testament of John Davidson. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— Fleet Street and other Poems. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +5s. net.</p> + +<p>— Mammon and his Message. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. +5s. net.</p> + +<p>— The Triumph of Mammon. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. +5s. net.</p> + +<p>— The Theatrocrat: A Tragic Play of Church and +Stage. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— Holiday and Other Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram gilt. +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Davis, Colonel Newnham.</b></p> + +<p>— The Gourmet’s Guide to Europe. Third Edition, +revised. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— The Gourmet’s Guide to London. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dawson, A. J.</b></p> + +<p>— The Message. 6s.—Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed +1s. net. [<i>Fourth Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Genteel A. B. With 4 Illustrations in Colour by +W. Ralston. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— Finn the Wolfhound. With 16 full-page and 36 other +Illustrations by R. H. Buxton. Large post 8vo. +Cloth. 6s. net. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dawson, Mrs. Frederick.</b> +— The Upper Hand. 6s.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8a" id="Page_8a">[8]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Delacombe, Harry.</b></p> + +<p>— The Boys’ Book of Airships. Fully Illustrated. Large +post 8vo. Cloth. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>De Windt, Harry.</b></p> + +<p>— My Restless Life. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth, +gilt. 7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Dole, Nathan Haskell.</b></p> + +<p>— The Russian Fairy Book. With Illustrations in Colour. +Medium 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Douglas, James.</b></p> + +<p>— The Unpardonable Sin. With Frontispiece in Colour by +Frank Haviland. 6s. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net.</p> + +<p><a name="Duncan_Stanley" id="Duncan_Stanley"></a><b>Duncan, Stanley.</b></p> + +<p>— The Complete Wild-fowler Ashore and Afloat. Illustrated. +Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 15s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Durand, R. A.</b></p> + +<p>— Oxford: its Buildings and Gardens. With 32 Reproductions +from Drawings in Colour by W. A. Wildman. +Large post 4to. Cloth gilt. 21s. net Edition +de luxe, limited to 100 copies, 42s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Duret, Theodore.</b></p> + +<p>— Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by +J. E. Crawford Flitch, M.A. Illustrated with Etchings +and Wood Engravings, and with 32 Reproductions +in half-tone. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><a name="ELIZABETHAN_CLASSICS_THE" id="ELIZABETHAN_CLASSICS_THE"></a><b>ELIZABETHAN CLASSICS, THE.</b></p> + +<p>— The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. The +Famous Flowered Contemporary Version of John +Florio. With an Introduction by Thomas Seccombe. +Edition limited to 1150 numbered copies for sale in +England and America. With Portraits. 3 vols. +Extra demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. 31s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Enock, C. Reginald, F.R.G.S.</b></p> + +<p>— The Great Pacific Coast. With 64 Illustrations and a +Map. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 16s. net.</p> + +<p>— An Imperial Commonwealth. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Flitch, J. E. Crawford, M.A.</b></p> + +<p>— Mediterranean Moods: Footnotes of Travel in the +Islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Sardinia. +With Frontispiece in Colour and 32 Illustrations in +black and white. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9a" id="Page_9a">[9]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Fyfe, H. C.</b></p> + +<p>— Submarine Warfare: Past, Present, and Future. Illustrated. +Second Edition. Revised by John Leyland. +Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Galsworthy, John.</b></p> + +<p>— A Commentary. 3s. 6d.</p> + +<p><b>Garvey, Ina.</b></p> + +<p>— A Comedy of Mammon. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Gibbs, Philip.</b></p> + +<p>— The Individualist. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Godfrey, Elizabeth.</b></p> + +<p>— Heidelberg: Its Princes and Its Palaces. Illustrated. +Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Godfrey-Faussett, Mabel.</b></p> + +<p>— The Dual Heritage. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="GRANT_RICHARDSS_NURSERY_LIBRARY" id="GRANT_RICHARDSS_NURSERY_LIBRARY"></a><b>GRANT RICHARDS’S NURSERY LIBRARY.</b></p> + +<p class="ads">I. Peter Pixie. By A. Thorburn. Illustrated. +Fcap. 16mo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Gretton, R. H.</b></p> + +<p>— Ingram. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="Grimm" id="Grimm"></a><b>Grimm.</b></p> + +<p>— Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Selected and retold by Githa +Sowerby. With twelve Illustrations in Colour, and +many in black and white, by Millicent Sowerby. +Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Hamilton, Clayton.</b></p> + +<p>— The Theory of the Theatre. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— Materials and Methods of Fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Hart, George Henry.</b>—<a href="#TEMPLE_OF_FAME_THE"><i>See under</i> Temple of Fame Series.</a></p> + +<p><b>Hart, W. C.</b></p> + +<p>— Confessions of an Anarchist. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. +Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Hawker, C. E.</b></p> + +<p>— Chats about Wine. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Henland, Cecil.</b></p> + +<p>— The Christmas Book: Lest We Forget. Fcap. 8vo. +oblong. Cloth, 1s. net. Leather, 2s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Henshall, James A.</b></p> + +<p>— Favourite Fish and Fishing. With 37 Illustrations. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10a" id="Page_10a">[10]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Her Brother’s Letters.</b> Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Hodder, Reginald.</b> <a href="#Turner_Edgar"><i>See under</i> Turner, Edgar.</a></p> + +<p><b>Housman, A. E.</b></p> + +<p>— D. Junii Juvenalis Saturæ. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. +4s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— M. Manilii Astronomicon I. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. +4s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— A Shropshire Lad. New edition. With 8 Illustrations +in Colour by William Hyde. Large post 8vo. +Buckram gilt, 6s. net. Persian yapp, gilt, 7s. 6d. +net. Limited Edition on Arnold hand-made paper. +Fcap. 8vo. cloth gilt, 2s. 6d. net. Also in royal 32mo. +Persian yapp, 1s. 6d. net. Leather, 1s. net. Cloth, +6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Howden, J. R.</b></p> + +<p>— The Boys’ Book of Railways. Illustrated. Large post +8vo. Cloth. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Boys’ Book of Steamships. Illustrated. Large +post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Boys’ Book of Locomotives. Illustrated. Large +post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Boys’ Book of Warships. Illustrated. Large post +8vo. Cloth. 6s. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p><b>Hudson, C. B.</b></p> + +<p>— The Crimson Conquest. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Hume, Major Martin.</b></p> + +<p>— Queens of Old Spain. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 15s. net.</p> + +<p>— Through Portugal. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Ibsen.</b> <a href="#Macfall_Haldane"><i>See under</i> Macfall, Haldane.</a></p> + +<p><b>Irving, Washington.</b></p> + +<p>— The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. With illustrations in +colour by Arthur I. Keller. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><a name="Jackson_Holbrook" id="Jackson_Holbrook"></a><b>Jackson, Holbrook.</b></p> + +<p>— Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— Bernard Shaw. Illustrated. Small crown 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 5s. net. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. sewed, +1s. net.</p> + +<p>— <a href="#TEMPLE_OF_FAME_THE"><i>See also under</i> Temple of Fame Series.</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11a" id="Page_11a">[11]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Jarrott, Charles.</b></p> + +<p>— Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. Illustrated. +Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Job, Herbert R.</b></p> + +<p>— The Sport of Bird Study. Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Jones, P. F.</b></p> + +<p>— Shamrock Land. With 48 illustrations. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Jones, Stuart H.</b>—<a href="#Grant_Allens_Historical_Guides"><i>See under</i> Allen, Grant, Historical Guides.</a></p> + +<p><b>Kephart, Horace.</b></p> + +<p>— The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. Illustrated. +Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. 4s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Kerr, Joe.</b></p> + +<p>— Mister Sharptooth. Illustrated in colour by R. H. +Porteus. Crown 4to. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>‘Kottabos.’</b></p> + +<p>— Echoes from Kottabos. Edited by R. Y. Tyrell, Litt.D., +LL.D., and Sir Edward Sullivan, Bart. Pott 4to. +Half buckram gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Lawton, Frederick.</b></p> + +<p>— The Third French Republic. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> net.</p> + +<p>— Balzac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> net.</p> + +<p>— <a href="#Cain_Georges"><i>See also under</i> Cain, Georges,</a> and <a href="#MASTERS_OF_ART_SERIES">Masters of Art Series.</a></p> + +<p><b>Lawton, Lancelot.</b></p> + +<p>— Empires of the Far East: A Study of Japan and its +Possessions, of China, Manchuria, and Korea, and +of the Political Questions of Eastern Asia and the +Pacific. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, with +Maps. 24<i>s.</i> net. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p>— The Japanese Spy. With frontispiece in colour by +Frank Haviland. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Leblanc, Maurice.</b></p> + +<p>— Arsène Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. Translated by +A. Teixeira de Mattos. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p><b>Lee, Gerald Stanley.</b></p> + +<p>— Inspired Millionaires: A Story of the Professional Point +of View in Business. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Lee, Vernon.</b>—<a href="#OMAR_SERIES_THE"><i>See under</i> Omar Series, The.</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12a" id="Page_12a">[12]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Lefèvre, Félicité.</b></p> + +<p>— The Cock, the Mouse, and the Little Red Hen. With +24 full-page pictures in colour by Tony Sarg. +Large post 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Le Gallienne, Richard.</b></p> + +<p>— Omar Repentant. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 2s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Level, Maurice.</b></p> + +<p>— The Grip of Fear. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Leverson, Ada.</b></p> + +<p>— The Limit. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— Love’s Shadow. With frontispiece in Colour. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Twelfth Hour. With Frontispiece in colour by +Frank Haviland. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p><b>Longfellow.</b></p> + +<p>— The Courtship of Miles Standish. Illustrated in colours +by H. C. Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Evangeline. Illustrated in colours by H. C. Christy. +Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Hiawatha. With sixty-eight pictures in colour and in +black-and-white by Harrison Fisher. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>McCormick, Frederick.</b></p> + +<p>— The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. With reproductions +of drawings by the author, photographs, +and maps. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. +21s. net.</p> + +<p><b>McCutcheon, G. B.</b></p> + +<p>— Jane Cable. Illustrated. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Nedra. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><a name="Macfall_Haldane" id="Macfall_Haldane"></a><b>Macfall, Haldane.</b></p> + +<p>— Ibsen: His Life, Art, and Significance. Illustrated by +Joseph Simpson. Imperial 16mo. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Machen, Arthur.</b></p> + +<p>— The Hill of Dreams. With frontispiece by S. H. +Sime. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The House of Souls. With frontispiece by S. H. +Sime. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>McLaren, Lady.</b></p> + +<p>— The Women’s Charter of Rights and Liberties. Crown +8vo. Paper covers. 6d. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13a" id="Page_13a">[13]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Malcolm, Ian.</b></p> + +<p>— Indian Pictures and Problems. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Masefield, John.</b></p> + +<p>— Multitude and Solitude. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Captain Margaret. 6s.</p> + +<p>— A Tarpaulin Muster. 3s. 6d. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— The Tragedy of Nan, &c. Large post 8vo. Paper +boards. 3s. 6d. net. Cheap Edition. Fcap. 8vo. +sewed, 1s. 6d. net. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— <a href="#Dampier_Captain_William"><i>See also under</i> Dampier, Captain William.</a></p> + +<p><b>Mauzens, Frederic.</b></p> + +<p>— The Living Strong Box. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Mason, Stuart.</b> <i>See under</i> Wilde, Oscar.</p> + +<p><b>Maxwell, Gerald.</b></p> + +<p>— The Miracle Worker. With frontispiece in colour by +Frank Haviland. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Meredith, George.</b> <i>See under</i> Hammerton, J. A.</p> + +<p><b>Moore, R. Hudson.</b></p> + +<p>— Children of Other Days. Illustrated. Crown 4to. +Cloth. 4s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Murray, Kate.</b></p> + +<p>— The Blue Star. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="MASTERS_OF_ART_SERIES" id="MASTERS_OF_ART_SERIES"></a><b>MASTERS OF ART SERIES.</b> Illustrated. Pott 8vo. +Persian yapp, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> net. Lambskin gilt, each 3s. net. Cloth +gilt, 2s. net.</p> + +<p class="ads">I. G. F. Watts: A Biography and an Estimate. By +J. E. Phythian. [<i>Third Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="ads">II. Rodin. By Fredk. Lawton.</p> + +<p class="ads">III. Burne-Jones. By J. E. Phythian.</p> + +<p class="ads">IV. Rossetti. By Frank Rutter.</p> + +<p class="ads">V. Turner. By J. E. Phythian.</p> + +<p class="ads">VI. Whistler. By Frank Rutter.</p> + +<p><b>Montaigne, Michael Lord of.</b> <a href="#ELIZABETHAN_CLASSICS_THE"><i>See under</i> Elizabethan Classics, The.</a></p> + +<p><b>Napoleon.</b></p> + +<p>— The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon’s Life in his own +Words. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14a" id="Page_14a">[14]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Oldmeadow, Ernest.</b></p> + +<p>— Portugal. With 32 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p>— Day. With frontispiece in colour. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Antonio. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. +6s.</p> + +<p>— Aunt Maud. With frontispiece in colour by Frank +Haviland. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Scoundrel. With frontispiece in colour by Frank +Haviland. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Susan. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. +6s.—Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. [<i>Fourth Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The North Sea Bubble: A Fantasia. Illustrated. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— <a href="#TEMPLE_OF_FAME_THE"><i>See also under</i> Temple of Fame, The.</a></p> + +<p><b>Olmsted, Millicent.</b></p> + +<p>— The Land of Never Was. With 12 illustrations in +colour. Fcap. 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><a name="OMAR_SERIES_THE" id="OMAR_SERIES_THE"></a><b>OMAR SERIES, THE.</b>—Royal 32mo. persian yapp gilt, +each 1s. 6d. net; leather gilt, 1s. net; cloth gilt, 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám.</p> + +<p>— A Shropshire Lad. By A. E. Housman.</p> + +<p>— Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti.</p> + +<p>— The Song of Songs.</p> + +<p>— Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child. By Vernon Lee.</p> + +<p>— English Nature Poems: An Anthology.</p> + +<p>— In Memoriam. By Alfred Lord Tennyson.</p> + +<p>— Love Poems of Herrick: A Selection.</p> + +<p>— Everyman. A Morality Play. [<i>In preparation.</i></p> + +<p><b>Phythian, J. E.</b></p> + +<p>— Fifty Years of Modern Painting: Corot to Sargent. +Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— <a href="#MASTERS_OF_ART_SERIES"><i>See also under</i> Masters of Art Series.</a></p> + +<p><b>Purdie, Mrs.</b></p> + +<p>— Letters from a Grandmother. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 2s. 6d.</p> + +<p><b>Ravenhill, Alice, and Catherine J. Schiff.</b></p> + +<p>— Household Administration: its Place in the Higher +Education of Women. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. +5s. net.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15a" id="Page_15a">[15]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>‘Rector and the Rubrics, The.’</b> By the Author of ‘When it +was Light.’ Crown 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. Sewed, 1s. net.</p> + +<p><a name="Richards_Herbert_MA" id="Richards_Herbert_MA"></a><b>Richards, Herbert, M.A.</b></p> + +<p>— Platonica. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net.</p> + +<p>— Aristophanes and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net.</p> + +<p>— Notes on Xenophon and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Richardson, Frank.</b></p> + +<p>— Love, and Extras. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="Russell_Charles_Edward" id="Russell_Charles_Edward"></a><b>Russell, Charles Edward.</b></p> + +<p>— Thomas Chatterton: The Story of a Strange Life, +1752-1770. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. +7s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Russell, G. W. E.</b></p> + +<p>— A Pocketful of Sixpences: A Collection of Essays and +Reminiscences. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Seeing and Hearing. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. +7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Some Threepenny Bits. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. +net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Rutter, Frank.</b></p> + +<p>— <a href="#MASTERS_OF_ART_SERIES"><i>See under</i> Masters of Art Series.</a></p> + +<p><b>Saleeby, C. W., M.D.</b></p> + +<p>— Health, Strength and Happiness: a Book of Practical +Advice. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Scarfoglio, Antonio.</b></p> + +<p>— Round the World in a Motor-car. With over 70 illustrations. +Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt 15s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Schiff, Catherine J.</b> <i>See under</i> Ravenhill, Alice.</p> + +<p><b>Scott, A. MacCallum.</b></p> + +<p>— Through Finland to St. Petersburg. Illustrated. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Scott, John Reed.</b></p> + +<p>— Beatrix of Clare. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Colonel of the Red Huzzars. Illustrated. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16a" id="Page_16a">[16]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Scott, Sir Walter.</b></p> + +<p>— Sir Walter Scott. Letters Written by Members of his +Family to an Old Governess. With an Introduction +and Notes by the Warden of Wadham College. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Seccombe, Thomas.</b></p> + +<p>— <a href="#ELIZABETHAN_CLASSICS_THE"><i>See under</i> Elizabethan Classics, The.</a></p> + +<p><b>Sedgwick, S. N.</b></p> + +<p>— The Last Persecution. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Shaw, Bernard.</b> <a href="#Jackson_Holbrook"><i>See under</i> Jackson, Holbrook.</a></p> + +<p><b>Shelley, H. C.</b></p> + +<p>— Literary By-paths of Old England. Illustrated. Royal +8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Smith, Miriam.</b></p> + +<p>— Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Sickert, Robert.</b></p> + +<p>— The Bird in Song. With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. +Persian yapp, 3s. 6d. net. Lambskin, gilt, 3s. 6d. +net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Smith, Wellen.</b></p> + +<p>— Psyche and Soma: A Drama. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Sowerby, Githa and Millicent.</b></p> + +<p>— <a href="#Grimm"><i>See under</i> Grimm’s Fairy Tales.</a></p> + +<p><b>Sterling, Mary B.</b></p> + +<p>— The Story of Sir Galahad. With 7 illustrations in +colour by W. E. Chapman. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Stone, John.</b></p> + +<p>— Great Kleopatra: A Tragedy in Three Acts. Large +post 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Stonham, Charles, C.M.G., F.R.C.S.</b></p> + +<p>— The Birds of the British Islands. With over 300 +Photogravures by L. M. Medland, F.Z.S. Complete +in twenty parts. Royal 4to. 7s. 6d. net each. +Five volumes: Buckram gilt, 36s. net each. Half +vellum, gilt, 42s. net each. Half seal, gilt, 45s. +net each.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17a" id="Page_17a">[17]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Swan, Mark E.</b></p> + +<p>— Top o’ the World. With 6 illustrations in colour and +many in black and white by Hy. Mayer. Pott 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><a name="TEMPLE_OF_FAME_THE" id="TEMPLE_OF_FAME_THE"></a><b>TEMPLE OF FAME, THE.</b> Illustrated. Crown 8vo. +Cloth gilt. Each 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p class="ads">I. Great Musicians. By Ernest Oldmeadow.</p> + +<p class="ads">II. Great English Poets. By Julian Hill.</p> + +<p class="ads">III. Great English Novelists. By Holbrook Jackson.</p> + +<p class="ads">IV. Great English Painters. By Francis Downman.</p> + +<p class="ads">V. Great Soldiers. By George Henry Hart.</p> + +<p><b>Thomas, Edward.</b></p> + +<p>— The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open +Air. With End-papers in Colour by William Hyde. +Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in +box, 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Thomas, Rose Haig.</b></p> + +<p>— The Doll’s Diary. With 24 illustrations by John +Hassall. Crown 4to. 5s. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Thorburn, A.</b></p> + +<p>— <a href="#GRANT_RICHARDSS_NURSERY_LIBRARY"><i>See under</i> Grant Richards’s Nursery Library.</a></p> + +<p><b>Thorne, Guy.</b> <a href="#Duncan_Stanley"><i>See under</i> Duncan, Stanley.</a></p> + +<p><b>Troly-Curtin, Marthé.</b></p> + +<p>— Phrynette and London. 6s. [<i>Third Edition.</i></p> + +<p><b>Troubetskoy, Prince Pierre.</b></p> + +<p>— The Passer-By. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Tweedale, Rev. C. L.</b></p> + +<p>— Man’s Survival after Death. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +net.</p> + +<p><b>Tyler, Royall.</b></p> + +<p>— Spain: A Study of her Life and Arts. With 130 Illustrations +in half-tone. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. +12s. 6d. net [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Trafford-Taunton, Winefride.</b></p> + +<p>— Igdrasil 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18a" id="Page_18a">[18]</a></span></p> + +<p><a name="Turner_Edgar" id="Turner_Edgar"></a><b>Turner, Edgar, and Reginald Hodder.</b></p> + +<p>— The Armada Gold. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Vance, Louis J.</b></p> + +<p>— The Bronze Bell. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Black Bag. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Brass Bowl. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Private War. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Terence O’Rourke. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— The Pool of Flame. 6s.</p> + +<p>— Marrying Money. 6s.</p> + +<p><a name="VENETIAN_SERIES_THE" id="VENETIAN_SERIES_THE"></a><b>VENETIAN SERIES, THE.</b> Crown 16mo. Bound in +cloth or in Venetian paper. 6d. net each.</p> + +<p class="ads">I. A Cypress Grove. By William Drummond of +Hawthornden.</p> + +<p class="ads">II. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. By William +Blake.</p> + +<p class="ads">III. The Ancient Mariner. By Samuel Taylor +Coleridge.</p> + +<p><b>Verne, Jules.</b></p> + +<p>— The Chase of the Golden Meteor. Fully Illustrated. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s.</p> + +<p><a name="Waistcoat_Pocket_Guides_The" id="Waistcoat_Pocket_Guides_The"></a><b>Waistcoat Pocket Guides, The</b> With Plans. Royal 64mo. +Limp Cloth. 1s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p class="ads">I. Paris. By Leonard Williams.</p> + +<p><b>Waters, W. G.</b></p> + +<p>— Traveller’s Joy: An Anthology. With End-papers +in colour by William Hyde. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. +Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p><b>Webb, Wilfred Mark.</b></p> + +<p>— The Heritage of Dress: Being Notes on the History +and Evolution of Clothes. With over 150 Illustrations +by W. J. Webb. Medium 8vo. Cloth gilt. +15s. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Weitenkampf, Frank.</b></p> + +<p>— How to Appreciate Prints. Illustrated. Large post +8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p><b>Williamson, G. C.</b> <a href="#Grant_Allens_Historical_Guides"><i>See under</i> Allen, Grant, Historical Guides.</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19a" id="Page_19a">[19]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Withers, Percy, M.B., B.S.</b></p> + +<p>— Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. With 32 Reproductions +from Photographs. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +net.</p> + +<p>— A Garland of Childhood. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. +Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net.</p> + +<p><b>White, W. Holt.</b></p> + +<p>— The Earthquake: A Romance of London. 6s. Cheap +Edition, crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Whitelock, W. Wallace.</b></p> + +<p>— When Kings go Forth to Battle. Illustrated. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Williams, E. Baumer.</b></p> + +<p>— England’s Story for Children. With Illustrations in +Colour and Black-and-White by Norman Ault. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p><b>Williams, Leonard.</b> <a href="#Waistcoat_Pocket_Guides_The"><i>See under</i> Waistcoat Pocket Guides.</a></p> + +<p><b>Wilson, W. Lawler.</b></p> + +<p>— The Menace of Socialism. With Maps. Crown 8vo. +6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Wood, Montagu.</b></p> + +<p>— A Tangled I. 6s.</p> + +<p><b>Wright, W. P.</b></p> + +<p>— The Garden Week by Week throughout the Year. +With 100 practical illustrations, and many others in +colour and in black and white. Large post 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 6s. net. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Perfect Garden: How to Keep it Beautiful and +Fruitful, with Practical Hints on Economical Management +and the Culture of all the Principal Flowers, +Fruits and Vegetables. With six illustrations in +Colour and many in black and white. Large post +8vo. 6s. net [<i>Third Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— Popular Garden Flowers. With six illustrations in +Colour and many in black and white. Large post +8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net.</p> + +<p><b>Wyndham, Horace.</b></p> + +<p>— Roses and Rue. 6s.</p> + +<p>— The Flare of the Footlights. Cheap edition, 1s. net.</p> + +<p>— Audrey the Actress. With frontispiece. 6s. [<i>Out of print.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20a" id="Page_20a">[20]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Xenophon.</b> <a href="#Richards_Herbert_MA"><i>See under</i> Richards, Herbert, M.A.</a></p> + +<p><b>Young, Filson.</b></p> + +<p>— Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery. +Illustrated. With a Chapter by the Earl +of Dunraven. Two vols. Demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. +25s. net. [<i>Out of print.</i></p> + +<p>— Venus and Cupid: An Impression in Prose after +Velasquez in Colour. Edition limited to 339 copies +for sale in Great Britain; printed on Arnold Hand-made +paper, with a Photogravure Reproduction of +the Rokeby Venus. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net. Also +11 copies on Japanese vellum at £2 2s. net (of +which 3 remain).</p> + +<p>— The Sands of Pleasure. With frontispiece in colour +by R. J. Pannett. 6s. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. +sewed, with cover design by R. J. Pannett, 1s. net. [<i>Seventy-fifth Thousand.</i></p> + +<p>— When the Tide Turns. 6s. [<i>Second Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— The Wagner Stories. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp +or cloth gilt. 5s. net. [<i>Fourth Edition.</i></p> + +<p>— Mastersingers. New Edition. Revised and Enlarged. +With portrait. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or +cloth gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— More Mastersingers. With frontispiece. Large post +8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— Memory Harbour: Essays chiefly in Description. +Imperial 16mo. Buckram gilt. 5s. net.</p> + +<p>— Ireland at the Cross Roads. New Edition. Crown 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— The Happy Motorist: An Introduction to the Use and +Enjoyment of the Motor Car. Crown 8vo. Cloth +3s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p>— The Lover’s Hours. Fcap. 4to. 2s. 6d. net.</p> + +<p style="padding-bottom: 4em"><b>Young, Rev. William.</b> <a href="#Baxter_Richard"><i>See under</i> Baxter, Richard.</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="catalog" style="width: 40%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> +<h3>INDEX OF PRICES<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21a" id="Page_21a">[21]</a></span></h3> + + +<p class="center"><b>£11 5s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.) Half seal gilt.</li></ul> + + +<p class="center"><b>£10 10s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Half vellum gilt.</li></ul> + + + +<p class="center"><b>£9 net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Buckram gilt.</li></ul> + + + +<p class="center"><b>£7 10s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Birds of the British Islands (in Twenty Parts).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>£2 2s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens.</li> +<li>Venus and Cupid. Jap. Vellum.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>£1 11s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Essays of Michael Lord of Montaigne. (Three Vols.)</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>£1 5s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Christopher Columbus (Two Vols.)</li> +<li>Voyages of Captain William Dampier (Two Vols.).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>£1 4s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Empires of the Far East. (Two Vols.)</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>£1 1s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens.</li> +<li>The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. (Two Vols.)</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>16s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Great Pacific Coast.</li> +<li>Pekin to Paris.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>15s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Round the World in a Motor Car.</li> +<li>The Complete Wild-fowler.</li> +<li>Queens of Old Spain.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>12s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Mediterranean Moods.</li> +<li>Manet and the French Impressionists.</li> +<li>The Third French Republic.</li> +<li>Balzac.</li> +<li>Venus and Cupid.</li> +<li>Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>10s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Evolution in Italian Art.</li> +<li>Shamrock Land.</li> +<li>Portugal.</li> +<li>The Romance of Steel.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>7s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>More Rutland Barrington.</li> +<li>The Corsican.</li> +<li>My Restless Life.</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (yapp).</li> +<li>Thomas Chatterton.</li> +<li>Hiawatha.</li> +<li>The Saints’ Everlasting Rest.</li> +<li>Submarine Warfare.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>7s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Aristophanes and Others.</li> +<li>Platonica.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>6s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Menace of Socialism.</li> +<li>Egypt of Yesterday and To-day.</li> +<li>Health, Strength, and Happiness.</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (buckram).</li> +<li>Grimm’s Fairy Tales.</li> +<li>Garden Week by Week.</li> +<li>The Book of Georgian Verse.</li> +<li>Finn the Wolfhound.</li> +<li>Man’s Survival after Death.</li> +<li>Notes on Xenophon and Others.</li> +<li>The Perfect Garden.</li> +<li>Popular Garden Flowers.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>6s.</b></p> +<ul><li>Ingram.</li> +<li>Day.</li> +<li>Love, and Extras.</li> +<li>Phrynette and London.</li> +<li>Marrying Money.</li> +<li>The Doctor’s Lass.</li> +<li>Adventures of a Nice Young Man.</li> +<li>The Children of the Gutter.</li> +<li>Easy Money.</li> +<li>The Man from the Moon.</li> +<li>A Babe Unborn.</li> +<li>Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford.</li> +<li>Renée.</li> +<li>The Upper Hand.</li> +<li>The Boys’ Book of Airships.</li> +<li>The Boys’ Book of Railways.</li> +<li>The Boys’ Book of Steamships.</li> +<li>The Boy’s Book of Locomotives.</li> +<li>The Boys’ Book of Warships.</li> +<li>The Crimson Conquest.</li> +<li>Arsène Lupin versus Holmlock Shears.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22a" id="Page_22a">[22]</a></span></li> +<li>The Grip of Fear.</li> +<li>The Limit.</li> +<li>The Living Strong Box.</li> +<li>Multitude and Solitude.</li> +<li>Antonio.</li> +<li>The Last Persecution.</li> +<li>The Passer-By.</li> +<li>The Bronze Bell.</li> +<li>The Cliff End.</li> +<li>The Heart Line.</li> +<li>The Dual Heritage.</li> +<li>The Individualist.</li> +<li>The Japanese Spy.</li> +<li>Love’s Shadow.</li> +<li>Captain Margaret.</li> +<li>Aunt Maud.</li> +<li>Beatrix of Clare.</li> +<li>The Armada Gold.</li> +<li>The Black Bag.</li> +<li>When Kings go forth to Battle.</li> +<li>Roses and Rue.</li> +<li>When the Tide Turns.</li> +<li>The Scoundrel.</li> +<li>The Unpardonable Sin.</li> +<li>The Genteel A. B.</li> +<li>The Brass Bowl.</li> +<li>The Sands of Pleasure.</li> +<li>Susan.</li> +<li>The Message.</li> +<li>The Twelfth Hour.</li> +<li>The Hill of Dreams.</li> +<li>The House of Souls.</li> +<li>The Blue Star.</li> +<li>The Miracle Worker.</li> +<li>The Private War.</li> +<li>The Broken Law.</li> +<li>The Earthquake.</li> +<li>Parson Brand.</li> +<li>The Same Clay.</li> +<li>The Pool of Flame.</li> +<li>The Black Motor Car.</li> +<li>A Tangled I.</li> +<li>In Pastures New.</li> +<li>The Butcher of Bruton Street.</li> +<li>A Comedy of Mammon.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>5s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>More Mastersingers.</li> +<li>The Last Episode of the French Revolution.</li> +<li>The Theory of the Theatre.</li> +<li>Household Administration.</li> +<li>A Garland of Childhood.</li> +<li>Æsop’s Fables.</li> +<li>The Riddle of Personality.</li> +<li>Cawein’s New Poems.</li> +<li>Fleet Street and other Poems.</li> +<li>Materials and Methods of Fiction.</li> +<li>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.</li> +<li>The Story of Sir Galahad.</li> +<li>Memory Harbour.</li> +<li>The Call of the Sea (persian yapp).</li> +<li>Bernard Shaw.</li> +<li>The Wagner Stories (leather and cloth).</li> +<li>Mastersingers (leather and cloth).</li> +<li>The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (persian yapp).</li> +<li>Traveller’s Joy (persian yapp.)</li> +<li>Mammon and his Message.</li> +<li>The Triumph of Mammon.</li> +<li>The Theatrocrat.</li> +<li>Essays in Socialism.</li> +<li>Ibsen.</li> +<li>The Gourmet’s Guide to Europe.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>5s.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Sunken Submarine.</li> +<li>The Chase of the Golden Meteor.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>4s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>D. Junii Juvenalis Saturæ.</li> +<li>M. Manilii Astronomicon I.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>4s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Book of Camping and Woodcraft.</li> +<li>The Call of the Sea (cloth).</li> +<li>The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (cloth).</li> +<li>Traveller’s Joy (cloth).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>3s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Great Kleopatra.</li> +<li>Romance and Reality.</li> +<li>An Imperial Commonwealth.</li> +<li>Inspired Millionaires.</li> +<li>Fifty Years of Modern Painting.</li> +<li>Apollonius of Tyana.</li> +<li>The Validity of English Ordinations.</li> +<li>Jack the Giant Killer, Junior.</li> +<li>Testament of John Davidson.</li> +<li>Favourite Fish and Fishing.</li> +<li>The Tragedy of Nan.</li> +<li>The Land of Never Was.</li> +<li>Top o’ the World.</li> +<li>England’s Story for Children.</li> +<li>Great Musicians.</li> +<li>Great English Poets.</li> +<li>Great English Novelists.</li> +<li>Great English Painters.</li> +<li>Great Soldiers.</li> +<li>Her Brother’s Letters.</li> +<li>Ireland at the Cross Roads.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23a" id="Page_23a">[23]</a></span></li> +<li>Grant Allen’s Historical Guides.</li> +<li>Holiday and Other Poems.</li> +<li>The Happy Motorist.</li> +<li>The Canker at the Heart.</li> +<li>Psyche and Soma.</li> +<li>A Night of Wonders.</li> +<li>The Bird in Song (leather).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>3s. 6d.</b></p> +<ul><li>A Commentary.</li> +<li>The Woman Who Did.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>3s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Burne-Jones (leather).</li> +<li>Rodin (leather).</li> +<li>G. F. Watts (leather).</li> +<li>Rossetti (leather).</li> +<li>Turner (leather).</li> +<li>Whistler (leather).</li> +<li>Religio Medici (leather).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>2s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Nation and the Army.</li> +<li>The Agamemnon of Æschylus.</li> +<li>Mister Sharptooth.</li> +<li>Consule Planco.</li> +<li>Poems by Miriam Smith.</li> +<li>Through Finland.</li> +<li>The Lover’s Hours.</li> +<li>The Chapbooks (leather).</li> +<li>Through Portugal.</li> +<li>The Defenceless Islands.</li> +<li>Confessions of an Anarchist.</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (hand-made paper).</li> +<li>The Future Prime Minister.</li> +<li>Chats about Wine.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>2s. 6d.</b></p> +<ul><li>Letters from a Grandmother.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>2s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Powder and Jam.</li> +<li>Omar Repentant.</li> +<li>Burne-Jones (cloth).</li> +<li>Rodin (cloth).</li> +<li>G. F. Watts (cloth).</li> +<li>Rossetti (cloth).</li> +<li>Turner (cloth).</li> +<li>Whistler (cloth).</li> +<li>The Bird in Song (cloth).</li> +<li>The Christmas Book (leather).</li> +<li>Religio Medici (cloth).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>1s. 6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Tragedy of Nan (sewed).</li> +<li>Waistcoat Pocket Guides.</li> +<li>The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (Persian yapp).</li> +<li>Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (Persian yapp).</li> +<li>The Song of Songs (persian yapp).</li> +<li>Sister Benvenuta (persian yapp).</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (persian yapp).</li> +<li>English Nature Poems (persian yapp).</li> +<li>In Memoriam (persian yapp).</li> +<li>Love Poems of Herrick (persian yapp).</li> +<li>Everyman (persian yapp).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>1s. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>The Unpardonable Sin.</li> +<li>Confessions of an Anarchist.</li> +<li>Susan (sewed).</li> +<li>Flare of the Footlights (sewed).</li> +<li>The Sands of Pleasure (sewed).</li> +<li>The Same Clay (sewed).</li> +<li>Business Success (cloth).</li> +<li>The Message (sewed).</li> +<li>Bernard Shaw (sewed).</li> +<li>The Rector and the Rubrics.</li> +<li>The Earthquake (sewed).</li> +<li>Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (leather).</li> +<li>Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (leather).</li> +<li>The Song of Songs (leather).</li> +<li>Sister Benvenuta (leather).</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (leather).</li> +<li>English Nature Poems (leather).</li> +<li>In Memoriam (leather).</li> +<li>Love Poems of Herrick (leather).</li> +<li>Everyman (leather).</li> +<li>The Christmas Book (cloth).</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>6d. net.</b></p> +<ul><li>Business Success (sewed).</li> +<li>Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (cloth).</li> +<li>The Song of Songs (cloth).</li> +<li>The Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (cloth).</li> +<li>Sister Benvenuta (cloth).</li> +<li>A Shropshire Lad (cloth).</li> +<li>English Nature Poems (cloth).</li> +<li>In Memoriam (cloth).</li> +<li>Love Poems of Herrick (cloth).</li> +<li>Everyman (cloth).</li> +<li>The Venetian Series.</li> +<li>The Woman’s Charter of Rights and Liberties.</li></ul> + +<p class="center"><b>6d.</b></p> +<ul><li>Essays in Socialism.</li></ul> + + + +<p class="center" style="padding-top: 2em"><i>London: Strangeways, Printers.</i></p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + +***** This file should be named 31992-h.htm or 31992-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/9/31992/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/31992-h/images/cover.jpg b/31992-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..063c841 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h/images/cover.jpg diff --git a/31992-h/images/frontispiece.jpg b/31992-h/images/frontispiece.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f4271d --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h/images/frontispiece.jpg diff --git a/31992-h/images/frontispiece_th.jpg b/31992-h/images/frontispiece_th.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..32075f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h/images/frontispiece_th.jpg diff --git a/31992-h/images/titlepage.jpg b/31992-h/images/titlepage.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..eba8b47 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992-h/images/titlepage.jpg diff --git a/31992.txt b/31992.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0106ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/31992.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4719 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Titanic + +Author: Filson Young + +Release Date: April 15, 2010 [EBook #31992] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +TITANIC + + +_BY FILSON YOUNG_ + + CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY + _Illustrated. Large Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MEMORY HARBOUR + ESSAYS CHIEFLY IN DESCRIPTION + _Crown 8vo. 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + VENUS AND CUPID + AN IMPRESSION IN PROSE AFTER VELASQUEZ IN COLOUR + Edition limited to 339 copies + _With Frontispiece. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE SANDS OF PLEASURE + _With Frontispiece by_ R. J. PANNETT + _Seventy-fourth Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + WHEN THE TIDE TURNS + _With Frontispiece by_ W. DACRES ADAMS + _Twenty-second Thousand_ + _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._ + + * * * * * + + IRELAND AT THE CROSS ROADS + _Second Edition. Crown 8vo._ + _Cloth, 3s. 6d. net._ + + * * * * * + + MASTERSINGERS + _Fifth Edition. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + MORE MASTERSINGERS + STUDIES IN THE ART OF MUSIC + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE WAGNER STORIES + _Seventh Impression. Large Post 8vo._ + _Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + OPERA STORIES + _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._ + + * * * * * + + THE LOVER'S HOURS + A CYCLE OF POEMS + _Fcp. 4to. 2s. 6d. net._ + + + + +[Illustration: 41 deg. 16' N; 50 deg. 14' W.] + + + + + TITANIC + + BY + + FILSON YOUNG + + [Illustration] + + LONDON + GRANT RICHARDS LTD. + 1912 + + CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + _I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely + proportion. + His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. + One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. + They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they + cannot be sundered. + Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. + Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. + His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. + The flakes of his flesh are joined together; they are firm in + themselves; they cannot be moved. + He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the sea like a pot + of ointment. + He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be + hoary. + Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. + He beholdeth all high things; he is a king over all the children of + pride._ + + Job, xli. + + + + +I + + +If you enter Belfast Harbour early in the morning on the mail steamer +from Fleetwood you will see far ahead of you a smudge of smoke. At first +it is nothing but the apex of a great triangle formed by the heights on +one side, the green wooded shores on the other, and the horizon astern. +As you go on the triangle becomes narrower, the blue waters smoother, +and the ship glides on in a triangle of her own--a triangle of white foam +that is parallel to the green triangle of the shore. Behind you the +Copeland Lighthouse keeps guard over the sunrise and the tumbling surges +of the Channel, before you is the cloud of smoke that joins the +narrowing shores like a gray canopy; and there is no sound but the rush +of foam past the ship's side. + +You seem to be making straight for a gray mud flat; but as you approach +you see a narrow lane of water opening in the mud and shingle. Two low +banks, like the banks of a canal, thrust out their ends into the waters +of the lough; and presently, her speed reduced to dead slow, the ship +enters between these low mud banks, which are called the Twin Islands. +So narrow is the lane that as she enters the water rises on the shingle +banks and flows in waves on either side of her like two gray horses with +white manes that canter slowly along, a solemn escort, until the channel +between the islands is passed. Day and night, winter and summer, these +two gray horses are always waiting; no ship ever surprises them asleep; +no ship enters but they rise up and shake their manes and accompany her +with their flowing, cantering motion along the confines of their +territory. And when you have passed the gates that they guard you are in +Belfast Harbour, in still and muddy water that smells of the land and +not of the sea; for you seem already to be far from the things of the +sea. + +As you have entered the narrow channel a new sound, also far different +from the liquid sounds of the sea, falls on your ear; at first a low +sonorous murmuring like the sound of bees in a giant hive, that rises to +a ringing continuous music--the multitudinous clamour of thousands of +blows of metal on metal. And turning to look whence the sound arises you +seem indeed to have left the last of the things of the sea behind you; +for on your left, on the flattest of the mud flats, arises a veritable +forest of iron; a leafless forest, of thousands upon thousands of bare +rusty trunks and branches that tower higher than any forest trees in our +land, and look like the ruins of some giant grove submerged by the sea +in the brown autumn of its life, stripped of its leaves and laid bare +again, the dead and rusty remnants of a forest. There is nothing with +any broad or continuous surface--only thousands and thousands of iron +branches with the gray sky and the smoke showing through them +everywhere, giant cobwebs hanging between earth and the sky, intricate, +meaningless networks of trunks and branches and sticks and twigs of +iron. + +But as you glide nearer still you see that the forest is not lifeless, +nor its branches deserted. From the bottom to the topmost boughs it is +crowded with a life that at first seems like that of mites in the +interstices of some rotting fabric, and then like birds crowding the +branches of the leafless forest, and finally appears as a multitude of +pigmy men swarming and toiling amid the skeleton iron structures that +are as vast as cathedrals and seem as frail as gossamer. It is from them +that the clamour arises, the clamour that seemed so gentle and musical a +mile away, and that now, as you come closer, grows strident and +deafening. Of all the sounds produced by man's labour in the world this +sound of a great shipbuilding yard is the most painful. Only the +harshest materials and the harshest actions are engaged in producing it: +iron struck upon iron, or steel smitten upon steel, or steel upon iron, +or iron upon steel--that and nothing else, day in, day out, year in and +year out, a million times a minute. It is an endless, continuous +birth-agony, that should herald the appearance of some giant soul. And +great indeed should be the overture to such an agony; for it is here +that of fire and steel, and the sweat and pain of millions of hours of +strong men's labour, were born those two giant children that were +destined by man finally to conquer the sea. + +In this awful womb the _Titanic_ took shape. For months and months in +that monstrous iron enclosure there was nothing that had the faintest +likeness to a ship; only something that might have been the iron +scaffolding for the naves of half-a-dozen cathedrals laid end to end. +Far away, furnaces were smelting thousands and thousands of tons of raw +material that finally came to this place in the form of great girders +and vast lumps of metal, huge framings, hundreds of miles of stays and +rods and straps of steel, thousands of plates, not one of which twenty +men could lift unaided; millions of rivets and bolts--all the heaviest +and most sinkable things in the world. And still nothing in the shape +of a ship that could float upon the sea. The seasons followed each +other, the sun rose now behind the heights of Carrickfergus and now +behind the Copeland Islands; daily the ships came in from fighting with +the boisterous seas, and the two gray horses cantered beside them as +they slid between the islands; daily the endless uproar went on, and the +tangle of metal beneath the cathedral scaffolding grew denser. A great +road of steel, nearly a quarter of a mile long, was laid at last--a road +so heavy and so enduring that it might have been built for the triumphal +progress of some giant railway train. Men said that this roadway was the +keel of a ship; but you could not look at it and believe them. + +The scaffolding grew higher; and as it grew the iron branches multiplied +and grew with it, higher and higher towards the sky, until it seemed as +though man were rearing a temple which would express all he knew of +grandeur and sublimity, and all he knew of solidity and +permanence--something that should endure there, rooted to the soil of +Queen's Island for ever. The uproar and the agony increased. In quiet +studios and offices clear brains were busy with drawings and +calculations and subtle elaborate mathematical processes, sifting and +applying the tabulated results of years of experience. The drawings came +in time to the place of uproar; were magnified and subdivided and taken +into grimy workshops; and steam-hammers and steam-saws smote and ripped +at the brute metal, to shape it in accordance with the shapes on the +paper. And still the ships, big and little, came nosing in from the high +seas--little dusty colliers from the Tyne, and battered schooners from +the coast, and timber ships from the Baltic, and trim mail steamers, +and giants of the ocean creeping in wounded for succour--all solemnly +received by the twin gray horses and escorted to their stations in the +harbour. But the greatest giant of all that came in, which dwarfed +everything else visible to the eye, was itself dwarfed to insignificance +by the great cathedral building on the island. + +The seasons passed; the creatures who wrought and clambered among the +iron branches, and sang their endless song of labour there, felt the +steel chill beneath the frosts of winter, and burning hot beneath the +sun's rays in summer, until at last the skeleton within the scaffolding +began to take a shape, at the sight of which men held their breaths. It +was the shape of a ship, a ship so monstrous and unthinkable that it +towered high over the buildings and dwarfed the very mountains beside +the water. It seemed like some impious blasphemy that man should fashion +this most monstrous and ponderable of all his creations into the +likeness of a thing that could float upon the yielding waters. And still +the arms swung and the hammers rang, the thunder and din continued, and +the gray horses shook their manes and cantered along beneath the shadow, +and led the little ships in from the sea and out again as though no +miracle were about to happen. + +A little more than its own length of water lay between the iron forest +and the opposite shore, in which to loose this tremendous structure from +its foundations and slide it into the sea. The thought that it should +ever be moved from its place, except by an earthquake, was a thought +that the mind could not conceive, nor could anyone looking at it accept +the possibility that by any method this vast tonnage of metal could be +borne upon the surface of the waters. Yet, like an evil dream, as it +took the shape of a giant ship, all the properties of a ship began to +appear and increase in hideous exaggeration. A rudder as big as a giant +elm tree, bosses and bearings of propellers the size of a +windmill--everything was on a nightmare scale; and underneath the iron +foundations of the cathedral floor men were laying on concrete beds +pavements of oak and great cradles of timber and iron, and sliding ways +of pitch pine to support the bulk of the monster when she was moved, +every square inch of the pavement surface bearing a weight of more than +two tons. Twenty tons of tallow were spread upon the ways, and hydraulic +rams and triggers built and fixed against the bulk of the ship so that, +when the moment came, the waters she was to conquer should thrust her +finally from earth. + +And the time did come. The branching forest became clothed and thick +with leaves of steel. Within the scaffoldings now towered the walls of +the cathedral, and what had been a network of girders and cantilevers +and gantries and bridges became a building with floors, a ship with +decks. The skeleton ribs became covered with skins of wood, the metal +decks clothed with planks smooth as a ball-room floor. What had been a +building of iron became a town, with miles of streets and hundreds of +separate houses and buildings in it. The streets were laid out; the +houses were decorated and furnished with luxuries such as no palace ever +knew. + +And then, while men held their breath, the whole thing moved, moved +bodily, obedient to the tap of the imprisoned waters in the ram. There +was no christening ceremony such as celebrates the launching of lesser +ships. Only the waters themselves dared to give the impulse that should +set this monster afloat. The waters touched the cradle, and the cradle +moved on the ways, carrying the ship down towards the waters. And when +the cradle stopped the ship moved on; slowly at first, then with a +movement that grew quicker until it increased to the speed of a +fast-trotting horse, touching the waters, dipping into them, cleaving +them, forcing them asunder in waves and ripples that fled astonished to +the surrounding shores; finally resting and floating upon them, while +thousands of the pigmy men who had roosted in the bare iron branches, +who had raised the hideous clamour amid which the giant was born, +greeted their handiwork, dropped their tools, and raised their hoarse +voices in a cheer. + +The miracle had happened. And the day came when the two gray horses +were summoned to their greatest task; when, with necks proudly arched +and their white manes flung higher than ever, they escorted the +_Titanic_ between the islands out to sea. + + + + +II + + +At noon on Wednesday, 10th April 1912, the _Titanic_ started from +Southampton on her maiden voyage. Small enough was her experience of the +sea before that day. Many hands had handled her; many tugs had fussed +about her, pulling and pushing her this way and that as she was +manoeuvred in the waters of Belfast Lough and taken out to the entrance +to smell the sea. There she had been swung and her compasses adjusted. +Three or four hours had sufficed for her trial trip, and she had first +felt her own power in the Irish Sea, when all her new machinery working +together, at first with a certain reserve and diffidence, had tested and +tried its various functions, and she had come down through St. George's +Channel and round by the Lizard, and past the Eddystone and up the +Solent to Southampton Water, feeling a little hustled and strange, no +doubt, but finding this business of ploughing the seas surprisingly easy +after all. And now, on the day of sailing, amid the cheers of a crowd +unusually vast even for Southampton Docks, the largest ship in the world +slid away from the deep-water jetty to begin her sea life in earnest. + +In the first few minutes her giant powers made themselves felt. As she +was slowly gathering way she passed the liner _New York_, another ocean +monarch, which was lying like a rock moored by seven great hawsers of +iron and steel. As the _Titanic_ passed, some mysterious compelling +influence of the water displaced by her vast bulk drew the _New York_ +towards her; snapped one by one the great steel hawsers and pulled the +liner from the quayside as though she had been a cork. Not until she was +within fifteen feet of the _Titanic_, when a collision seemed imminent, +did the ever-present tugs lay hold of her and haul her back to +captivity. + +Even to the most experienced traveller the first few hours on a new ship +are very confusing; in the case of a ship like this, containing the +population of a village, they are bewildering. So the eight hours spent +by the _Titanic_ in crossing from Southampton to Cherbourg would be +spent by most of her passengers in taking their bearings, trying to find +their way about and looking into all the wonders of which the voyage +made them free. There were luxuries enough in the second class, and +comforts enough in the third to make the ship a wonder on that account +alone; but it was the first-class passengers, used as they were to all +the extravagant luxuries of modern civilized life, on whom the +discoveries of that first day of sun and wind in the Channel must have +come with the greatest surprise. They had heard the ship described as a +floating hotel; but as they began to explore her they must have found +that she contained resources of a perfection unattained by any hotel, +and luxuries of a kind unknown in palaces. The beauties of French +chateaux and of English country-houses of the great period had been +dexterously combined with that supreme form of comfort which the modern +English and Americans have raised to the dignity of a fine art. Such a +palace as a great artist, a great epicure, a great poet and the most +spoilt and pampered woman in the world might have conjured up from their +imagination in an idle hour was here materialized and set, not in a +fixed landscape of park and woodland, but on the dustless road of the +sea, with the sunshine of an English April pouring in on every side, and +the fresh salt airs of the Channel filling every corner with tonic +oxygen. + +Catalogues of marvels and mere descriptions of wonders are tiresome +reading, and produce little effect on the mind; yet if we are to realize +the full significance of this story of the _Titanic_, we must begin as +her passengers began, with an impression of the lavish luxury and beauty +which was the setting of life on board. And we can do no better than +follow in imagination the footsteps of one ideal voyager as he must have +discovered, piece by piece, the wonders of this floating pleasure house. + +If he was a wise traveller he would have climbed to the highest point +available as the ship passed down the Solent, and that would be the +boat-deck, which was afterwards to be the stage of so tragic a drama. +At the forward end of it was the bridge--that sacred area paved with +snow-white gratings and furnished with many brightly-polished +instruments. Here were telephones to all the vital parts of the ship, +telegraphs to the engine room and to the fo'c'stle head and +after-bridge; revolving switches for closing the water-tight doors in +case of emergency; speaking-tubes, electric switches for operating the +foghorns and sirens--all the nerves, in fact, necessary to convey +impulses from this brain of the ship to her various members. Behind the +bridge on either side were the doors leading to the officers' quarters; +behind them again, the Marconi room--a mysterious temple full of +glittering machines of brass, vulcanite, glass, and platinum, with +straggling wires and rows of switches and fuse boxes, and a high priest, +young, clean-shaven, alert and intelligent, sitting with a telephone +cap over his head, sending out or receiving the whispers of the ether. +Behind this opened the grand staircase, an imposing sweep of decoration +in the Early English style, with plain and solid panelling relieved here +and there with lovely specimens of deep and elaborate carving in the +manner of Grinling Gibbons; the work of the two greatest wood-carvers in +England. Aft of this again the white pathway of the deck led by the +doors and windows of the gymnasium, where the athletes might keep in +fine condition; and beyond that the white roof above ended and the rest +was deck-space open to the sun and the air, and perhaps also to the +smoke and smuts of the four vast funnels that towered in buff and black +into the sky--each so vast that it would have served as a tunnel for a +railway train. + +But the ship has gathered way, and is sliding along past the Needles, +where the little white lighthouse looks so paltry beside the towering +cliff. The Channel air is keen, and the bugles are sounding for lunch; +and our traveller goes down the staircase, noticing perhaps, as he +passes, the great clock with its figures which symbolize Honour and +Glory crowning Time. Honour and Glory must have felt just a little +restive as, having crowned one o'clock, they looked down from Time upon +the throng of people descending the staircase to lunch. There were a few +there who had earned, and many who had received, the honour and glory +represented by extreme wealth; but the two figures stooping over the +clock may have felt that Success crowning Opportunity would have been a +symbol more befitting the first-class passengers of the _Titanic_. +Perhaps they looked more kindly as one white-haired old man passed +beneath--W. T. Stead, that untiring old warrior and fierce campaigner in +peaceful causes, who in fields where honour and glory were to be found +sought always for the true and not the false. There were many kinds of +men there--not every kind, for it is not every man who can pay from fifty +to eight hundred guineas for a four days' journey; but most kinds of men +and women who can afford to do that were represented there. + +Our solitary traveller, going down the winding staircase, does not pause +on the first floor, for that leads forward to private apartments, and +aft to a writing-room and library; nor on the second or third, for the +entrance-halls there lead to state-rooms; but on the fourth floor down +he steps out into a reception room extending to the full width of the +ship and of almost as great a length. Nothing of the sea's restrictions +or discomforts here! Before him is an Aubusson tapestry, copied from +one of the "Chasses de Guise" series of the National Garde-Meuble; and +in this wide apartment there is a sense, not of the cramping necessities +of the sea, but of all the leisured and spacious life of the land. +Through this luxurious emptiness the imposing dignities of the +dining-saloon are reached; and here indeed all the insolent splendour of +the ship is centred. It was by far the largest room that had ever +floated upon the seas, and by far the largest room that had ever moved +from one place to another. The seventeenth-century style of Hatfield and +Haddon Hall had been translated from the sombreness of oak to the +lightness of enamelled white. Artist-plasterers had moulded the lovely +Jacobean ceiling, artist-stainers had designed and made the great +painted windows through which the bright sea-sunlight was filtered; and +when the whole company of three hundred was seated at the tables it +seemed not much more than half full, since more than half as many again +could find places there without the least crowding. There, amid the +strains of gay music and the hum of conversation and the subdued clatter +of silver and china and the low throb of the engines, the gay company +takes its first meal on the _Titanic_. And as our traveller sits there +solitary, he remembers that this is not all, that in another great +saloon farther off another three hundred passengers of the second-class +are also at lunch, and that on the floor below him another seven hundred +of the third-class, and in various other places near a thousand of the +crew, are also having their meal. All a little oppressive to read about, +perhaps, but wonderful to contrive and arrange. It is what everyone is +thinking and talking about who sits at those luxurious tables, loaded +not with sea-fare, but with dainty and perishable provisions for which +half the countries of the world have been laid under tribute. + +The music flows on and the smooth service accomplishes itself; Honour +and Glory, high up under the wrought-iron dome of the staircase, are +crowning another hour of Time; and our traveller comes up into the fresh +air again in order to assure himself that he is really at sea. The +electric lift whisks him up four storeys to the deck again; there all +around him are the blue-gray waters of the Channel surging in a white +commotion past the towering sides of the ship, spurned by the tremendous +rush and momentum of these fifty thousand tons through the sea. This +time our traveller stops short of the boat-deck, and begins to explore +the far vaster B deck which, sheltered throughout its great length by +the boat-deck above, and free from all impediments, extends like a vast +white roadway on either side of the central deck. Here the busy deck +stewards are arranging chairs in the places that will be occupied by +them throughout the voyage. Here, as on the parade of a fashionable +park, people are taking their walks in the afternoon sunshine. + +From the staircase forward the deck houses are devoted to apartments +which are still by force of habit called cabins, but which have nothing +in fact to distinguish them from the most luxurious habitations ashore, +except that no dust ever enters them and that the air is always fresh +from the open spaces of the sea. They are not for the solitary +traveller; but our friend perhaps is curious and peeps in through an +uncurtained window. There is a complete habitation with bed-rooms, +sitting-room, bath-room and service-room complete. They breathe an +atmosphere of more than mechanical luxury, more than material +pleasures. Twin bedsteads, perfect examples of Empire or Louis Seize, +symbolize the romance to which the most extravagant luxury in the world +is but a minister. Instead of ports there are windows--windows that look +straight out on to the blue sea, as might the windows of a castle on a +cliff. Instead of stoves or radiators there are open grates, where fires +of sea-coal are burning brightly. Every suite is in a different style, +and each and all are designed and furnished by artists; and the love and +repose of millionaires can be celebrated in surroundings of Adam or +Hepplewhite, or Louis Quatorze or the Empire, according to their tastes. +And for the hire of each of these theatres the millionaire must pay some +two hundred guineas a day, with the privilege of being quite alone, cut +off from the common herd who are only paying perhaps five-and-twenty +pounds a day, and with the privilege, if he chooses, of seeing nothing +at all that has to do with a ship, not even the sea. + +For there is one thing that the designers of this sea-palace seem to +have forgotten and seem to be a little ashamed of--and that is the sea +itself. There it lies, an eternal prospect beyond these curtained +windows, by far the most lovely and wonderful thing visible; but it +seems to be forgotten there. True, there is a smoke-room at the after +extremity of the deck below this, whose windows look out into a great +verandah sheeted in with glass from which you cannot help looking upon +the sea. But in order to counteract as much as possible that austere and +lovely reminder of where we are, trellis-work has been raised within the +glass, and great rose-trees spread and wander all over it, reminding you +by their crimson blossoms of the earth and the land, and the scented +shelter of gardens that are far from the boisterous stress of the sea. +No spray ever drifts in at these heights, no froth or spume can ever in +the wildest storms beat upon this verandah. Here, too, as almost +everywhere else on the ship, you can, if you will, forget the sea. + + + + +III + + +The first afternoon at sea seems long: every face is strange, and it +seems as though in so vast a crowd none will ever become familiar, +although one of the miracles of sea-life is the way in which the blurred +crowd resolves itself into individual units, each of which has its +character and significance. And if we are really to know and understand +and not merely to hear with our ears the tale of what happened to the +greatest ship in the world, we must first prepare and soak our minds in +her atmosphere, and take in imagination that very voyage which began so +happily on this April day. At the end of the afternoon came the coast of +France, and Cherbourg--a sunset memory of a long breakwater, a distant +cliff crowned with a white building, a fussing of tugs and hasty +transference of passengers and mails; and finally the lighthouse showing +a golden star against the sunset, when the great ship's head was turned +to the red west, and the muffled and murmuring song of the engines was +taken up again. Perhaps our traveller, bent upon more discoveries, dined +that night not in the saloon, but in the restaurant, and, following the +illuminated electric signs that pointed the way along the numerous +streets and roads of the ship, found his way aft to the Cafe-Restaurant; +where instead of stewards were French waiters and a _maitre d'hotel_ +from Paris, and all the perfection of that perfect and expensive service +which condescends to give you a meal for something under a five-pound +note; where, surrounded by Louis Seize panelling of fawn-coloured +walnut, you may on this April evening eat your plovers' eggs and +strawberries, and drink your 1900 Clicquot, and that in perfect oblivion +of the surrounding sea. Afterwards, perhaps, a stroll on the deck amid +groups of people, not swathed in pea-jackets or oilskins, but attired as +though for the opera; and all the time, in an atmosphere golden with +light, and musical with low-talking voices and the yearning strains of a +waltz, driving five-and-twenty miles an hour westward, with the black +night and the sea all about us. And then to bed, not in a bunk in a +cabin but in a bedstead in a quiet room with a telephone through which +to speak to any one of two thousand people, and a message handed in +before you go to sleep that someone wrote in New York since you rose +from the dinner-table. + +The next morning the scene at Cherbourg was repeated, with the fair +green shores of Cork Harbour instead of the cliffs of France for its +setting; and then quietly, without fuss, in the early afternoon of +Thursday, out round the green point, beyond the headland, and the great +ship has steadied on her course and on the long sea-road at last. How +worn it is! How seamed and furrowed and printed with the track-lines of +journeys innumerable; how changing, and yet how unchanged--the road that +leads to Archangel or Sicily, to Ceylon or to the frozen Pole; the old +road that leads to the ruined gateways of Phoenicia, of Venice, of Tyre; +the new road that leads to new lives and new lands; the dustless road, +the long road that all must travel who in body or in spirit would really +discover a new world. And travel on it as you may for tens of thousands +of miles, you come back to it always with the same sense of expectation, +never wholly disappointed; and always with the same certainty that you +will find at the turn or corner of the road, either some new thing or +the renewal of something old. + +There is no human experience in which the phenomena of small varieties +within one large monotony are so clearly exemplified as in a sea-voyage. +The dreary beginnings of docks, of baggage, and soiled harbour water; +the quite hopeless confusion of strange faces--faces entirely collective, +comprising a mere crowd; the busy highway of the Channel, sunlit or dim +with mist or rain, or lighted and bright at night like the main street +of a city; the last outpost, the Lizard, with its high gray cliffs, +green-roofed, with tiny homesteads perched on the ridge; or Ushant, that +tall monitory tower upstanding on the melancholy misty flats; or the +solitary Fastnet, lonely, ultimate and watching--these form the familiar +overture to the subsequent isolation and vacancy of the long road +itself. There are the same day and night of disturbance, the vacant +places at table, the prone figures, swathed and motionless in +deck-chairs, the morning of brilliant sunshine, when the light that +streams into the cabins has a vernal strangeness and wonder for +town-dimmed eyes; the gradual emergence of new faces and doubtful +staggering back of the demoralized to the blessed freshness of the upper +air; the tentative formation of groups and experimental alliances, the +rapid disintegration of these and re-formation on entirely new lines; +and then that miracle of unending interest and wonder, that the faces +that were only the blurred material of a crowd begin one by one to +emerge from the background and detach themselves from the mass, to take +on identity, individuality, character, till what was a crowd of +uninteresting, unidentified humanity becomes a collection of individual +persons with whom one's destinies for the time are strangely and +unaccountably bound up; among whom one may have acquaintances, friends, +or perhaps enemies; who for the inside of a week are all one's world of +men and women. + +There are few alterative agents so powerful and sure in their working as +latitude and longitude; and as we slide across new degrees, habit, +association, custom, and ideas slip one by one imperceptibly away from +us; we come really into a new world, and if we had no hearts and no +memories we should soon become different people. But the heart lives its +own life, spinning gossamer threads that float away astern across time +and space, joining us invisibly to that which made and fashioned us, and +to which we hope to return. + + + + +IV + + +Wonderful, even for experienced travellers, is that first waking to a +day on which there shall be no sight of the shore, and the first of +several days of isolation in the world of a ship. There is a quality in +the morning sunshine at sea as it streams into the ship and is reflected +in the white paint and sparkling water of the bath-rooms, and in the +breeze that blows cool and pure along the corridors, that is like +nothing else. The company on the _Titanic_ woke up on Friday morning to +begin in earnest their four days of isolated life. Our traveller, who +has found out so many things about the ship, has not found out +everything yet; and he continues his explorations, with the advantage, +perhaps, of a special permit from the Captain or Chief Engineer to +explore other quarters of the floating city besides that in which he +lives. Let us, with him, try to form some general conception of the +internal arrangements of the ship. + +The great superstructure of decks amidships which catches the eye so +prominently in a picture or photograph, was but, in reality, a small +part, although the most luxurious part, of the vessel. Speaking roughly, +one might describe it as consisting of three decks, five hundred feet +long, devoted almost exclusively to the accommodation of first-class +passengers, with the exception of the officers' quarters (situated +immediately aft of the bridge on the top deck of all), and the +second-class smoking-room and library, at the after end of the +superstructure on the third and fourth decks. With these exceptions, in +this great four-storied building were situated all the most magnificent +and palatial accommodations of the ship. Immediately beneath it, +amidships, in the steadiest part of the vessel where any movement would +be least felt, was the first-class dining saloon, with the pantries and +kitchens immediately aft of it. Two decks below it were the third-class +dining saloons and kitchens; below them again, separated by a heavy +steel deck, were the boiler-rooms and coal bunkers, resting on the +cellular double bottom of the ship. Immediately aft of the boiler-rooms +came the two engine-rooms; the forward and larger one of the two +contained the reciprocating engines which drove the twin screws, and the +after one the turbine engine for driving the large centre propeller. + +Forward and aft of this centre part of the ship, which in reality +occupied about two-thirds of her whole length, were two smaller +sections, divided (again one speaks roughly) between second-class +accommodation, stores and cargo in the stern section, and third-class +berths, crew's quarters and cargo in the bow section. But although the +first-class accommodation was all amidships, and the second-class all +aft, that of the third-class was scattered about in such blank spaces as +could be found for it. Thus most of the berths were forward, immediately +behind the fo'c'stle, some were right aft; the dining-room was +amidships, and the smoke-room in the extreme stern, over the rudder; and +to enjoy a smoke or game of cards a third-class passenger who was +berthed forward would have to walk the whole length of the ship and back +again, a walk not far short of half a mile. This gives one an idea of +how much more the ship resembled a town than a house. A third-class +passenger did not walk from his bedroom to his parlour; he walked from +the house where he lived in the forward part of the ship to the club a +quarter of a mile away where he was to meet his friends. + +If, thinking of the _Titanic_ storming along westward across the +Atlantic, you could imagine her to be split in half from bow to stern so +that you could look, as one looks at the section of a hive, upon all her +manifold life thus suddenly laid bare, you would find in her a microcosm +of civilized society. Up on the top are the rulers, surrounded by the +rich and the luxurious, enjoying the best of everything; a little way +below them their servants and parasites, ministering not so much to +their necessities as to their luxuries; lower down still, at the very +base and foundation of all, the fierce and terrible labour of the +stokeholds, where the black slaves are shovelling and shovelling as +though for dear life, endlessly pouring coal into furnaces that devoured +it and yet ever demanded a new supply--horrible labour, joyless life; and +yet the labour that gives life and movement to the whole ship. Up above +are all the beautiful things, the pleasant things; down below are the +terrible and necessary things. Up above are the people who rest and +enjoy; down below the people who sweat and suffer. + +Consider too the whirl of life and multitude of human employments that +you would have found had you peered into this section of the ship that +we are supposing to have been laid bare. Honour and Glory, let us say, +have just crowned ten o'clock in the morning beneath the great dome of +glass and iron that covers the central staircase. Someone has just come +down and posted a notice on the board--a piece of wireless news of +something that happened in London last night. In one of the sunny +bed-rooms (for our section lays everything bare) someone is turning over +in bed again and telling a maid to shut out the sun. Eighty feet below +her the black slaves are working in a fiery pit; ten feet below them is +the green sea. A business-like-looking group have just settled down to +bridge in the first-class smoking-room. The sea does not exist for them, +nor the ship; the roses that bloom upon the trellis-work by the verandah +interest them no more than the pageant of white clouds which they could +see if they looked out of the wide windows. Down below the chief +steward, attended by his satellites, is visiting the stores and getting +from the store-keeper the necessaries for his day's catering. He has +plenty to draw from. In those cold chambers behind the engine-room are +gathered provisions which seem almost inexhaustible for any population; +for the imagination does not properly take in the meaning of such items +as a hundred thousand pounds of beef, thirty thousand fresh eggs, fifty +tons of potatoes, a thousand pounds of tea, twelve hundred quarts of +cream. In charge of the chief steward also, to be checked by him at the +end of each voyage, are the china and glass, the cutlery and plate of +the ship, amounting in all to some ninety thousand pieces. But there he +is, quietly at work with the store-keeper; and not far from him, in +another room or series of rooms, another official dealing with the +thousands upon thousands of pieces of linen for bed and table with which +the town is supplied. + +Everything is on a monstrous scale. The centre anchor, which it took a +team of sixteen great horses to drag on a wooden trolley, weighs over +fifteen tons; its cable will hold a dead weight of three hundred tons. +The very rudder, that mere slender and almost invisible appendage under +the counter, is eighty feet high and weighs a hundred tons. The men on +the look-out do not climb up the shrouds and ratlines in the old sea +fashion; the mast is hollow and contains a stairway; there is a door in +it from which they come out to take their place in the crow's nest. + +Are you weary of such statistics? They were among the things on which +men thought with pride on those sunny April days in the Atlantic. Man +can seldom think of himself apart from his environment, and the house +and place in which he lives are ever a preoccupation with all men. From +the clerk in his little jerry-built villa to the king in his castle, +what the house is, what it is built of, how it is equipped and adorned, +are matters of vital interest. And if that is true of land, where all +the webs of life are connected and intercrossed, how much more must it +be true when a man sets his house afloat upon the sea; detaches it from +all other houses and from the world, and literally commits himself to +it. This was the greatest sea town that had ever been built; these were +the first inhabitants of it; theirs were the first lives that were lived +in these lovely rooms; this was one of the greatest companies that had +ever been afloat together within the walls of one ship. No wonder they +were proud; no wonder they were preoccupied with the source of their +pride. + +But things stranger still to the life of the sea are happening in some +of the hundreds of cells which our giant section-knife has laid bare. An +orchestra is practising in one of them; in another, some one is catching +live trout from a pond; Post Office sorters are busy in another with +letters for every quarter of the western world; in a garage, +mechanicians are cleaning half a dozen motor-cars; the rippling tones of +a piano sound from a drawing-room where people are quietly reading in +deep velvet armchairs surrounded by books and hothouse flowers; in +another division people are diving and swimming in a great bath in water +deep enough to drown a tall man; in another an energetic game of squash +racquets is in progress; and in great open spaces, on which it is only +surprising that turf is not laid, people by hundreds are sunning +themselves and breathing the fresh air, utterly unconscious of all these +other activities on which we have been looking. For even here, as +elsewhere, half of the world does not know and does not care how the +other half lives. + +All this magnitude had been designed and adapted for the realization of +two chief ends--comfort and stability. We have perhaps heard enough +about the arrangements for comfort; but the more vital matter had +received no less anxious attention. Practically all of the space below +the water-line was occupied by the heaviest things in the ship--the +boilers, the engines, the coal bunkers and the cargo. And the +arrangement of her bulkheads, those tough steel walls that divide a +ship's hull into separate compartments, was such that her designers +believed that no possible accident short of an explosion in her boilers +could sink her. If she rammed any obstruction head on, her bows might +crumple up, but the steel walls stretching across her hull--and there +were fifteen of them--would prevent the damage spreading far enough aft +to sink her. If her broadside was rammed by another ship, and one or +even two of these compartments pierced, even then the rest would be +sufficient to hold her up at least for a day or two. These bulkheads +were constructed of heavy sheet steel, and extended from the very bottom +of the ship to a point well above the water-line. Necessarily there were +openings in them in order to make possible communication between the +different parts of the ship. These openings were the size of an ordinary +doorway and fitted with heavy steel doors--not hinged doors, but panels, +sliding closely in water-tight grooves on either side of the opening. +There were several ways of closing them; but once closed they offered a +resistance as solid as that of the bulkheads. + +The method of opening and closing them was one of the many marvels of +modern engineering. The heavy steel doors were held up above the +openings by a series of friction clutches. Up on the bridge were +switches connected with powerful electro-magnets at the side of the +bulkhead openings. The operation of the switches caused each magnet to +draw down a heavy weight which instantly released the friction clutches, +so that the doors would slide down in a second or two into their places, +a gong ringing at the same time to warn anyone who might be passing +through to get out of the way. The clutches could also be released by +hand. But if for any reason the electric machinery should fail, there +was a provision made for closing them automatically in case the ship +should be flooded with water. Down in the double bottom of the ship were +arranged a series of floats connected with each set of bulkhead doors. +In the event of water reaching the compartment below the doors, it would +raise the floats, which, in their turn, would release the clutches and +drop the doors. These great bulkheads were no new experiment; they had +been tried and proved. When the White Star liner _Suevic_ was wrecked a +few years ago off the Lizard, it was decided to divide the part of her +which was floating from the part which was embedded in the rocks; and +she was cut in two just forward of the main collision bulkhead, and the +larger half of her towed into port with no other protection from the sea +than this vast steel wall which, nevertheless, easily kept her afloat. +And numberless other ships have owed their lives to the resisting power +of these steel bulkheads and the quick operation of the sliding doors. + +As for the enormous weight that made for the _Titanic's_ stability, it +was, as I have said, contained chiefly in the boilers, machinery and +coal. The coal bunkers were like a lining running round the boilers, not +only at the sides of the ship, but also across her whole breadth, thus +increasing the solidity of the steel bulkheads; and when it is +remembered that her steam was supplied by twenty-nine boilers, each of +them the size of a large room, and fired by a hundred and fifty-nine +furnaces, the enormous weight of this part of the ship may be dimly +realized. + +There are two lives lived side by side on such a voyage, the life of the +passengers and the life of the ship. From a place high up on the +boat-deck our traveller can watch the progress of these two lives. The +passengers play games or walk about, or sit idling drowsily in deck +chairs, with their eyes straying constantly from the unheeded book to +the long horizon, or noting the trivial doings of other idlers. The +chatter of their voices, the sound of their games, the faint tinkle of +music floating up from the music-room are eloquent of one of these +double lives; there on the bridge is an expression of the other--the +bridge in all its spick-and-span sanctities, with the officers of the +watch in their trim uniform, the stolid quartermaster at the wheel, and +his equally stolid companion of the watch who dreams his four hours away +on the starboard side of the bridge almost as motionless as the bright +brass binnacles and standards, and the telegraphs that point +unchangeably down to Full Ahead.... + +The Officer of the watch has a sextant at his eye. One by one the +Captain, the Chief, the Second and the Fourth, all come silently up and +direct their sextants to the horizon. The quartermaster comes and +touches his cap: "Twelve o'clock, Sir." There is silence--a deep sunny +silence, broken only by the low tones of the Captain to the Chief: "What +have you got?" says the Captain. "Thirty," says the Chief, +"Twenty-nine," says the Third. There is another space of sunny silent +seconds; the Captain takes down his sextant. "Make it eight bells," he +says. Four double strokes resound from the bridge and are echoed from +the fo'c'stle head; and the great moment of the day, the moment that +means so much, is over. The officers retire with pencils and papers and +tables of logarithms; the clock on the staircase is put back, and the +day's run posted; from the deck float up the sounds of a waltz and +laughing voices; Time and the world flow on with us again. + + + + +V + + +For anything that the eye could see the _Titanic_, in all her strength +and splendour, was solitary on the ocean. From the highest of her decks +nothing could be seen but sea and sky, a vast circle of floor and dome +of which, for all her speed of five-and-twenty miles an hour, she +remained always the centre. But it was only to the sense of sight that +she seemed thus solitary. The North Atlantic, waste of waters though it +appears, is really a country crossed and divided by countless tracks as +familiar to the seaman as though they were roads marked by trees and +milestones. Latitude and longitude, which to a landsman seem mere +mathematical abstractions, represent to seamen thousands and thousands +of definite points which, in their relation to sun and stars and the +measured lapse of time, are each as familiar and as accessible as any +spot on a main road is to a landsman. The officer on the bridge may see +nothing through his glasses but clouds and waves, yet in his mind's eye +he sees not only his own position on the map, which he could fix +accurately within a quarter of a mile, but the movements of dozens of +other ships coming or going along the great highways. Each ship takes +its own road, but it is a road that passes through a certain known +territory; the great liners all know each other's movements and where or +when they are likely to meet. Many of such meetings are invisible; it is +called a meeting at sea if ships pass twenty or thirty miles away from +each other and far out of sight. + +For there are other senses besides that of sight which now pierce the +darkness and span the waste distances of the ocean. It is no voiceless +solitude through which the _Titanic_ goes on her way. It is full of +whispers, summonses, questions, narratives; full of information to the +listening ear. High up on the boat deck the little white house to which +the wires straggle down from the looped threads between the mastheads is +full of the voices of invisible ships that are coming and going beyond +the horizon. The wireless impulse is too delicate to be used to actuate +a needle like that of the ordinary telegraph; a little voice is given to +it, and with this it speaks to the operator who sits with the telephone +cap strapped over his ears; a whining, buzzing voice, speaking not in +words but in rhythms, corresponding to the dots and dashes made on +paper, out of which a whole alphabet has been evolved. And the wireless +is the greatest gossip in the world. It repeats everything it hears; it +tells the listener everyone else's business; it speaks to him of the +affairs of other people as well as his own. It is an ever-present +eavesdropper, and tells you what other people are saying to one another +in exactly the same voice in which they speak to you. When it is sending +your messages it shouts, splitting the air with crackling flashes of +forked blue fire; but when it has anything to say to you it whispers in +your ear in whining, insinuating confidence. And you must listen +attentively and with a mind concentrated on your own business if you are +to receive from it what concerns you, and reject what does not; for it +is not always the loudest whisper that is the most important. The +messages come from near and far, now like the rasp of a file in your +ear, and now in a thread of sound as fine as the whine of a mosquito; +and if the mosquito voice is the one that is speaking to you from far +away, you may often be interrupted by the loud and empty buzzing of one +nearer neighbour speaking to another and loudly interrupting the message +which concerns you. + +Listening to these voices in the Marconi room of the _Titanic_, and +controlling her articulation and hearing, were two young men, little +more than boys, but boys of a rare quality, children of the golden age +of electricity. Educated in an abstruse and delicate science, and loving +the sea for its largeness and adventure, they had come--Phillips at the +age of twenty-six, and Bride in the ripe maturity of twenty-one--to wield +for the _Titanic_ the electric forces of the ether, and to direct her +utterance and hearing on the ocean. And as they sat there that Friday +and Saturday they must have heard, as was their usual routine, all the +whispers of the ships for two hundred miles round them, their trained +faculties almost automatically rejecting the unessential, receiving and +attending to the essential. They heard talk of many things, talk in +fragments and in the strange rhythmic language that they had come to +know like a mother tongue; talk of cargoes, talk of money and business, +of transactions involving thousands of pounds; trivial talk of the +emotions, greetings and good wishes exchanged on the high seas; endless +figures of latitude and longitude--for a ship is an eternal egoist and +begins all her communications by an announcement of Who she is and Where +she is. Ships are chiefly interested in weather and cargo, and their +wireless talk on their own account is constantly of these things; but +most often of the weather. One ship may be pursuing her way under a calm +sky and in smooth waters, while two hundred miles away a neighbour may +be in the middle of a storm; and so the ships talk to one another of +the weather, and combine their forces against it, and, by altering +course a little, or rushing ahead, or hanging back, cheat and dodge +those malignant forces which are ever pursuing them. + +But in these April days there was nothing much to be said about the +weather. The winds and the storms were quiet here; they were busy +perhaps up in Labrador or furiously raging about Cape Horn, but they had +deserted for the time the North Atlantic, and all the ships ploughed +steadily on in sunshine and smooth seas. Here and there, however, a +whisper came to Phillips or Bride about something which, though not +exactly weather, was as deeply interesting to the journeying ships--ice. +Just a whisper, nothing more, listened to up there in the sunny Marconi +room, recorded, dealt with, and forgotten. "I have just come through +bad field-ice," whispers one ship; "April ice very far south," says +another; and Phillips taps out his "O.K., O.M.," which is a kind of +cockney Marconi for "All right, old man." And many other messages come +and go, of money and cargoes, and crops and the making of laws; but just +now and then a pin-prick of reminder between all these other topics +comes the word--ICE. + +April ice and April weed are two of the most lovely products of the +North Atlantic, but they are strangely opposite in their bearings on +human destiny. The lovely golden April weed that is gathered all round +the west coast of Ireland, and is burnt for indigo, keeps a whole +peasant population in food and clothing for the rest of the year; the +April ice, which comes drifting down on the Arctic current from the +glacier slopes of Labrador or the plateau of North Greenland, keeps the +seafaring population of the North Atlantic in doubt and anxiety +throughout the spring and summer. Lovely indeed are some of these +icebergs that glitter in the sun like fairy islands or the pinnacles of +Valhalla; and dreamy and gentle is their drifting movement as they come +down on the current by Newfoundland and round Cape Race, where, meeting +the east-going Gulf Stream, they are gradually melted and lost in the +waters of the Atlantic. Northward in the drift are often field-ice and +vast floes; the great detached bergs sail farther south into the +steamship tracks, and are what are most carefully looked for. This April +there was abundance of evidence that the field-ice had come farther +south than usual. The _Empress of Britain_, which passed the _Titanic_ +on Friday, reported an immense quantity of floating ice in the +neighbourhood of Cape Race. When she arrived in Liverpool it transpired +that, when three days out from Halifax, Nova Scotia, she encountered an +ice-field, a hundred miles in extent, with enormous bergs which appeared +to be joined to the ice-field, forming an immense white line, broken +with peaks and pinnacles on the horizon. The _Carmania_ and the +_Nicaragua_, which were going westward ahead of the _Titanic_, had both +become entangled in ice, and the _Nicaragua_ had sustained considerable +damage. And day by day, almost hour by hour, news was coming in from +other ships commenting on the unusual extent southward of the ice-field, +and on the unusual number of icebergs which they had encountered. No +doubt many of the passengers on the _Titanic_ were hoping that they +would meet with some; it is one of the chief interests of the North +Atlantic voyage in the spring and summer; and nothing is more lovely in +the bright sunshine of day than the sight of one of these giant islands, +with its mountain-peaks sparkling in the sun, and blue waves breaking on +its crystal shores; nothing more impressive than the thought, as one +looks at it, that high as its glittering towers and pinnacles may soar +towards heaven there is eight times as great a depth of ice extending +downwards into the dark sea. It is only at night, or when the waters are +covered with a thick fog produced by the contact of the ice with the +warmer water, that navigating officers, peering forward into the mist, +know how dreadful may be the presence of one of these sheeted monsters, +the ghostly highwaymen of the sea. + + + + +VI + + +Information like this, however, only concerned the little group of +executive officers who took their turns in tramping up and down the +white gratings of the bridge. It was all part of their routine; it was +what they expected to hear at this time of the year and in this part of +the ocean; there was nothing specially interesting to them in the gossip +of the wireless voices. Whatever they heard, we may be sure they did not +talk about it to the passengers. For there is one paramount rule +observed by the officers of passenger liners--and that is to make +everything as pleasant as possible for the passengers. If there is any +danger, they are the last to hear of it; if anything unpleasant happens +on board, such as an accident or a death, knowledge of it is kept from +as many of them as possible. Whatever may be happening, short of an +apparent and obvious extremity, it is the duty of the ship's company to +help the passenger to believe that he lives and moves and has his being +in a kind of Paradise, at the doors of which there are no lurking +dangers and in which happiness and pleasure are the first duties of +every inhabitant. + +And who were the people who composed the population of this journeying +town? Subsequent events made their names known to us--vast lists of names +filling columns of the newspapers; but to the majority they are names +and nothing else. Hardly anyone living knew more than a dozen of them +personally; and try as we may it is very hard to see them, as their +fellow voyagers must have seen them, as individual human beings with +recognizable faces and characters of their own. Of the three hundred odd +first-class passengers the majority were Americans--rich and prosperous +people, engaged for the most part in the simple occupation of buying +things as cheaply as possible, selling them as dearly as possible, and +trying to find some agreeable way of spending the difference on +themselves. Of the three hundred odd second-class passengers probably +the majority were English, many of them of the minor professional +classes and many going either to visit friends or to take up situations +in the western world. But the thousand odd steerage passengers +represented a kind of Babel of nationalities, all the world in little, +united by nothing except poverty and the fact that they were in a +transition stage of their existence, leaving behind them for the most +part a life of failure and hopelessness, and looking forward to a new +life of success and hope: Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans, +missionaries and heathen, Russians, Poles, Greeks, Roumanians, Germans, +Italians, Chinese, Finns, Spaniards, English, and French--with a strong +contingent of Irish, the inevitable link in that melancholy chain of +emigration that has united Ireland and America since the Famine. But +there were other differences, besides those of their condition and +geographical distribution on the ship, that divided its inhabitants. For +the first-class passengers the world was a very small place, about which +many of them were accustomed to hurry in an important way in the process +of spending and getting their money, taking an Atlantic liner as humbler +people take a tramcar, without giving much thought to it or laying +elaborate plans, running backwards and forwards across the Atlantic and +its dangers as children run across the road in front of a motor car. +They were going to America this week; they would probably come back next +week or the week after. They were the people for whom the _Titanic_ had +specially been designed; it was for them that all the luxuries had been +contrived, so that in their runnings backwards and forwards they should +not find the long days tedious or themselves divorced from the kind of +accompaniments to life which they had come to regard as necessities. + +But for the people in the steerage this was no hurrying trip between one +business office and another; no hasty holiday arranged to sandwich ten +thousand miles of ozone as a refresher between two business engagements. +This westward progress was for them part of the drift of their lives, +loosening them from their native soil to scatter and distribute them +over the New World, in the hope that in fresher soil and less crowded +conditions they would strike new roots and begin a new life. The road +they travelled was for most of them a road to be travelled once only, a +road they knew they would never retrace. For them almost exclusively was +reserved that strange sense of looking down over the stern of the ship +into the boiling commotion of the churned-up waters, the maelstrom of +snow under the counter merging into the pale green highway that lay +straight behind them to the horizon, and of knowing that it was a road +that divided them from home, a road that grew a mile longer with every +three minutes of their storming progress. Other ships would follow on +the road; other ships would turn and come again, and drive their way +straight back over the white foam to where, with a sudden plunging and +turning of screws in the green harbour water of home, the road had +begun. But they who looked back from the steerage quarters of the +_Titanic_ would not return; and they, alone of all the passengers on the +ship, knew it. + +And that is all we can know or imagine about them; but it is probably +more than most of the fortunate ones on the snowy upper decks cared to +know or imagine. Up there also there were distinctions; some of the +travellers there, for example, were so rich that they were conspicuous +for riches, even in a population like this--and I imagine that the +standard of wealth is higher in the first-class population of an +Atlantic liner than in any other group of people in the world. There +were four men there who represented between them the possession of some +seventy millions of money--John Jacob Astor, Isidore Straus, George D. +Widener, and Benjamin Guggenheim their names; and it was said that +there were twenty who represented a fortune of a hundred millions +between them--an interesting, though not an important, fact. But there +were people there conspicuous for other things than their wealth. There +was William T. Stead who, without any wealth at all, had in some +respects changed the thought and social destinies of England; there was +Francis Millet, a painter who had attained to eminence in America and +who had recently been head of the American Academy in Rome; there was an +eminent motorist, an eminent master of hounds, an eminent baseball +player, an eminent poloist; and there was Major Archibald Butt, the +satellite and right-hand man of Presidents, who had had a typical +American career as newspaper correspondent, secretary, soldier, +diplomatist, aide-de-camp, and novelist. There was Mr. Ismay, the most +important man on the ship, for as head of the White Star Line he was +practically her owner. He was accompanying her on her maiden voyage with +no other object than to find out wherein she was defective, so that her +younger sister might excel her. He may be said to have accomplished his +purpose; and of all the people who took this voyage he is probably the +only one who succeeded in what he set out to do. There was Mr. Andrews, +one of the designers of the _Titanic_, who had come to enjoy the triumph +of his giant child; and there were several others also, denizens of that +great forest of iron in Belfast Lough, who had seen her and known her +when she was a cathedral building within a scaffolding, the most solid +and immovable thing in their world. These, the friends and companions of +her infancy, had come too, we may suppose, to admire her in her moment +of success, as the nurses and humble attendants of some beautiful girl +will watch in a body her departure for the triumphs of her first ball. + +Of all this throng I had personal knowledge of only two; and yet the two +happened to be extremely typical. I knew John Jacob Astor a few years +ago in New York, when he sometimes seemed like a polite skeleton in his +own gay house; an able but superficially unprepossessing man, so rich +that it was almost impossible to know accurately anything about him--a +man, I should say, to whom money had been nothing but a handicap from +his earliest days. He was typical of this company because he was so +conspicuous and so unknown; for when a man has thirty millions of money +the world hears about his doings and possessions endlessly, but knows +little of the man himself. It is enough to say that there were good +things and bad things credited to his account, of which the good were +much more unlikely and surprising than the bad. + +The other man--and how different!--was Christopher Head. He was typical +too, typical of that almost anonymous world that keeps the name of +England liked and respected everywhere. I said that he was typical +because these few conspicuous names that I have mentioned represent only +one narrow class of mankind; among the unnamed and the unknown you may +be sure, if you have any wide experience of collective humanity, that +virtues and qualities far more striking and far more admirable were +included. Christopher Head was mild and unassuming, and one of the most +attractive of men, for wherever he went he left a sense of serenity and +security; and he walked through life with a keen, observant +intelligence. Outside Lloyd's, of which great corporation he was a +member, his interests were chiefly artistic, and he used his interest +and knowledge in the best possible way for the public good when he was +Mayor of Chelsea, and made his influence felt by imparting some quite +new and much-needed ideals into that civic office.... But two known +faces do not make a crowd familiar; and nothing will bring most of us +any nearer to the knowledge of these voyagers than will the knowledge of +what happened to them. + +One thing we do know--a small thing and yet illuminating to our picture. +There were many young people on board, many newly married, and some, we +may be sure, for whom the voyage represented the gateway to romance; for +no Atlantic liner ever sailed with a full complement and set down all +its passengers in the emotional state in which it took them up. The sea +is a great match-maker; and in those long monotonous hours of solitude +many flowers of the heart blossom and many minds and characters strike +out towards each other in new and undreamed-of sympathy. + +Of this we may be as sure as of the existence of the ship: that there +were on board the _Titanic_ people watching the slip of moon setting +early on those April nights for whom time and the world were quite +arrested in their course, and for whom the whole ship and her teeming +activities were but frame and setting for the perfect moment of their +lives; for whom the thronging multitudes of their fellow passengers were +but a blurred background against which the colour of their joy stood +sharp and clear. The fields of foam-flecked blue, sunlit or +cloud-shadowed by day; the starlight on the waters; the slow and +scarcely perceptible swinging of the ship's rail against the violet and +spangled sky; the low murmur of voices, the liquid notes of violins, the +trampling tune of the engines--to how many others have not these been +the properties of a magic world; for how many others, as long as men +continue to go in ships upon the sea, will they not be the symbols of a +joy that is as old as time, and that is found to be new by every +generation! For this also is one of the gifts of the sea, and one of the +territories through which the long road passes. + + + + +VII + + +Sunday came, with nothing to mark it except the morning service in the +saloon--a function that by reason of its novelty, attracts some people at +sea who do not associate it with the shore. One thing, however, fire or +boat muster, which usually marks Sunday at sea, and gives it a little +variety, did not for some reason take place. It is one of the few +variants of the monotony of shipboard life, where anything in the nature +of a spectacle is welcomed; and most travellers are familiar with the +stir caused by the sudden hoarse blast of the foghorn and the subsequent +patter of feet and appearance from below of all kinds of people whose +existence the passenger had hardly suspected. Stewards, sailors, +firemen, engineers, nurses, bakers, butchers, cooks, florists, barbers, +carpenters, and stewardesses, ranged in two immense lines along the boat +deck, answer to their names and are told off, according to their +numbers, to take charge of certain boats. This muster did not take place +on the _Titanic_; if it had it would have revealed to any observant +passenger the fact that the whole crew of nine hundred would have +occupied all the available accommodation in the boats hanging on the +davits and left no room for any passengers. For the men who designed and +built the _Titanic_, who knew the tremendous strength of the girders and +cantilevers and bulkheads which took the thrust and pull of every strain +that she might undergo, had thought of boats rather as a superfluity, +dating from the days when ships were vulnerable, when they sprang leaks +and might sink in the high seas. In their pride they had said "the +_Titanic_ cannot spring a leak." So there was no boat muster, and the +routine occupations of Sunday went on unvaried and undisturbed. Only in +the Marconi room was the monotony varied, for something had gone wrong +with the delicate electrical apparatus, and the wireless voice was +silent; and throughout the morning and afternoon, for seven hours, +Phillips and Bride were hard at work testing and searching for the +little fault that had cut them off from the world of voices. And at last +they found it, and the whining and buzzing began again. But it told them +nothing new; only the same story, whispered this time from the +_Californian_--the story of ice. + +The day wore on, the dusk fell, lights one by one sprang up and shone +within the ship; the young moon rose in a cloudless sky spangled with +stars. People remarked on the loveliness of the night as they went to +dress for dinner, but they remarked also on its coldness. There was an +unusual chill in the air, and lightly clad people were glad to draw in +to the big fireplaces in smoke-room or drawing-room or library, and to +keep within the comfort of the warm and lamplit rooms. The cold was +easily accounted for; it was the ice season, and the airs that were +blowing down from the north-west carried with them a breath from the +ice-fields. It was so cold that the decks were pretty well deserted, and +the usual evening concert, instead of being held on the open deck, was +held in the warmth, under cover. And gradually people drifted away to +bed, leaving only a few late birds sitting up reading in the library, or +playing cards in the smoking-rooms, or following a restaurant +dinner-party by quiet conversation in the flower-decked lounge. + +The ship had settled down for the night; half of her company were +peacefully asleep in bed, and many lying down waiting for sleep to come, +when something happened. What that something was depended upon what part +of the ship you were in. The first thing to attract the attention of +most of the first-class passengers was a negative thing--the cessation of +that trembling, continuous rhythm which had been the undercurrent of all +their waking sensations since the ship left Queenstown. The engines +stopped. Some wondered, and put their heads out of their state-room +doors, or even threw a wrap about them and went out into the corridors +to see what had happened, while others turned over in bed and composed +themselves to sleep, deciding to wait until the morning to hear what +was the cause of the delay. + +Lower down in the ship they heard a little more. The sudden harsh clash +of the engine-room telegraph bells would startle those who were near +enough to hear it, especially as it was followed almost immediately +afterwards by the simultaneous ringing all through the lower part of the +ship of the gongs that gave warning of the closing of the water-tight +doors. After the engines stopped there was a moment of stillness; and +then the vibration began again, more insistently this time, with a +certain jumping movement which to the experienced ear meant that the +engines were being sent full speed astern; and then they stopped again, +and again there was stillness. + +Here and there in the long corridors amidships a door opened and some +one thrust a head out, asking what was the matter; here and there a man +in pyjamas and a dressing-gown came out of his cabin and climbed up the +deserted staircase to have a look at what was going on; people sitting +in the lighted saloons and smoke-rooms looked at one another and said: +"What was that?" gave or received some explanation, and resumed their +occupations. A man in his dressing-gown came into one of the +smoking-rooms where a party was seated at cards, with a few yawning +bystanders looking on before they turned in. The newcomer wanted to know +what was the matter, whether they had noticed anything? They had felt a +slight jar, they said, and had seen an iceberg going by past the +windows; probably the ship had grazed it, but no damage had been done. +And they resumed their game of bridge. The man in the dressing-gown left +the smoke-room, and never saw any of the players again. So little +excitement was there in this part of the ship that the man in the +dressing-gown (his name was Mr. Beezley, an English schoolmaster, one of +the few who emerges from the crowd with an intact individuality) went +back to his cabin and lay down on his bed with a book, waiting for the +ship to start again. But the unnatural stillness, the uncanny peace even +of this great peaceful ship, must have got a little upon his nerves; and +when he heard people moving about in the corridors, he got up again, and +found that several people whom the stillness had wakened from their +sleep were wandering about inquiring what had happened. + +But that was all. The half-hour which followed the stoppage of the ship +was a comparatively quiet half-hour, in which a few people came out of +their cabins indeed, and collected together in the corridors and +staircases gossiping, speculating and asking questions as to what could +have happened; but it was not a time of anxiety, or anything like it. +Nothing could be safer on this quiet Sunday night than the great ship, +warmed and lighted everywhere, with her thick carpets and padded +armchairs and cushioned recesses; and if anything could have added to +the sense of peace and stability, it was that her driving motion had +ceased, and that she lay solid and motionless-like a rock in the sea, +the still water scarcely lapping against her sides. And those of her +people who had thought it worth while to get out of bed stood about in +little knots, and asked foolish questions, and gave foolish answers in +the familiar manner of passengers on shipboard when the slightest +incident occurs to vary the regular and monotonous routine. + + + + +VIII + + +This was one phase of that first half-hour. Up on the high bridge, +isolated from all the indoor life of the passengers, there was another +phase. The watches had been relieved at ten o'clock, when the ship had +settled down for the quietest and least eventful period of the whole +twenty-four hours. The First Officer, Mr. Murdoch, was in command of the +bridge, and with him was Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, and the usual +look-out staff. The moon had set, and the night was very cold, clear and +starry, except where here and there a slight haze hung on the surface of +the water. Captain Smith, to whom the night of the sea was like day, and +to whom all the invisible tracks and roads of the Atlantic were as +familiar as Fleet Street is to a _Daily Telegraph_ reporter, had been in +the chart room behind the bridge to plot out the course for the night, +and afterwards had gone to his room to lie down. Two pairs of sharp eyes +were peering forward from the crow's nest, another pair from the nose of +the ship on the fo'c'stle head, and at least three pairs from the bridge +itself, all staring into the dim night, quartering with busy glances the +area of the black sea in front of them where the foremast and its wire +shrouds and stays were swinging almost imperceptibly across the starry +sky. + +At twenty minutes to twelve the silence of the night was broken by three +sharp strokes on the gong sounding from the crow's nest--a signal for +something right ahead; while almost simultaneously came a voice through +the telephone from the look-out announcing the presence of ice. There +was a kind of haze in front of the ship the colour of the sea, but +nothing could be distinguished from the bridge. Mr. Murdoch's hand was +on the telegraph immediately, and his voice rapped out the order to the +quartermaster to starboard the helm. The wheel spun round, the answering +click came up from the startled engine-room; but before anything else +could happen there was a slight shock, and a splintering sound from the +bows of the ship as she crashed into yielding ice. That was followed by +a rubbing, jarring, grinding sensation along her starboard bilge, and a +peak of dark-coloured ice glided past close alongside. + +As the engines stopped in obedience to the telegraph Mr. Murdoch turned +the switches that closed the water-tight doors. Captain Smith came +running out of the chart room. "What is it?" he asked. "We have struck +ice, Sir." "Close the water-tight doors." "It is already done, Sir." +Then the Captain took command. He at once sent a message to the +carpenter to sound the ship and come and report; the quartermaster went +away with the message, and set the carpenter to work. Captain Smith now +gave a glance at the commutator, a dial which shows to what extent the +ship is off the perpendicular, and noticed that she carried a 5 deg. list +to starboard. Coolly following a routine as exact as that which he would +have observed had he been conning the ship into dock, he gave a number +of orders in rapid succession, after first consulting with the Chief +Engineer. Then, having given instructions that the whole of the +available engine-power was to be turned to pumping the ship, he hurried +aft along the boat-deck to the Marconi room. Phillips was sitting at his +key, toiling through routine business; Bride, who had just got up to +relieve him, was sleepily making preparations to take his place. The +Captain put his head in at the door. + +"We have struck an iceberg," he said, "and I am having an inspection +made to tell what it has done for us. Better get ready to send out a +call for assistance, but don't send it until I tell you." + +He hurried away again; in a few minutes he put his head in at the door +again; "Send that call for assistance," he said. + +"What call shall I send?" asked Phillips. + +"The regulation international call for help, just that," said the +Captain, and was gone again. + +But in five minutes he came back into the wireless room, this time +apparently not in such a hurry. "What call are you sending?" he asked; +and when Phillips told him "C.Q.D.," the highly technical and efficient +Bride suggested, laughingly, that he should send "S.O.S.," the new +international call for assistance which has superseded the C.Q.D. "It is +the new call," said Bride, "and it may be your last chance to send it!" +And they all three laughed, and then for a moment chatted about what had +happened, while Phillips tapped out the three longs, three shorts, and +three longs which instantaneously sent a message of appeal flashing out +far and wide into the dark night. The Captain, who did not seem +seriously worried or concerned, told them that the ship had been struck +amidships or a little aft of that. + +Whatever may have been happening down below, everything up here was +quiet and matter-of-fact. It was a disaster, of course, but everything +was working well, everything had been done; the electric switches for +operating the bulkhead doors had been used promptly, and had worked +beautifully; the powerful wireless plant was talking to the ocean, and +in a few hours there would be some other ship alongside of them. It was +rough luck, to be sure; they had not thought they would so soon have a +chance of proving that the _Titanic_ was unsinkable. + + + + +IX + + +We must now visit in imagination some other parts of the ship, parts +isolated from the bridge and the spacious temple of luxury amidships, +and try to understand how the events of this half hour appeared to the +denizens of the lower quarters of the ship. The impact that had been +scarcely noticed in the first-class quarters had had much more effect +down below, and especially forward, where some of the third-class +passengers and some of the crew were berthed. A ripping, grinding crash +startled all but the heaviest sleepers here into wakefulness; but it was +over so soon and was succeeded by so peaceful a silence that no doubt +any momentary panic it might have caused was soon allayed. One of the +firemen describing it said: "I was awakened by a noise, and between +sleeping and waking I thought I was dreaming that I was on a train that +had run off the lines, and that I was being jolted about." He jumped out +and went on deck, where he saw the scattered ice lying about. "Oh, we +have struck an iceberg," he said, "that's nothing; I shall go back and +turn in," and he actually went back to bed and slept for half an hour, +until he was turned out to take his station at the boats. + +The steerage passengers, who were berthed right aft, heard nothing and +knew nothing until the news that an accident had happened began slowly +to filter down to them. But there was no one in authority to give them +any official news, and for a time they were left to wonder and speculate +as they chose. Forward, however, it became almost immediately apparent +to certain people that there was something grievously wrong; firemen on +their way through the passage along the ship's bottom leading between +their quarters and No. 1 stokehold found water coming in, and rapidly +turned back. They were met on their way up the staircase by an officer +who asked them what they were doing. They told him. "There's water +coming into our place, Sir," they said; and as he thought they were off +duty he did not turn them back. + +Mr. Andrews, a partner in Harland and Wolff's, and one of the +_Titanic's_ designers, had gone quietly down by himself to investigate +the damage, and, great as was his belief in the giant he had helped to +create, it must have been shaken when he found the water pouring into +her at the rate of hundreds of tons a minute. Even his confidence in +those mighty steel walls that stretched one behind the other in +succession along the whole length of the ship could not have been proof +against the knowledge that three or four of them had been pierced by the +long rip of the ice-tooth. There was just a chance that she would hold +up long enough to allow of relief to arrive in time; but it is certain +that from that moment Mr. Andrews devoted himself to warning people, and +helping to get them away, so far as he could do so without creating a +panic. + +Most of the passengers, remember, were still asleep during this half +hour. One of the most terrible things possible at sea is a panic, and +Captain Smith was particularly anxious that no alarm should be given +before or unless it was absolutely necessary. He heard what Mr. Andrews +had to say, and consulted with the engineer, and soon found that the +whole of the ship's bottom was being flooded. There were other +circumstances calculated to make the most sanguine ship-master uneasy. +Already, within half an hour, the _Titanic_ was perceptibly down by the +head. She would remain stationary for five minutes and then drop six +inches or a foot; remain stationary again, and drop another foot--a +circumstance ominous to experienced minds, suggesting that some of the +smaller compartments forward were one by one being flooded, and letting +the water farther and farther into her hull. + +Therefore at about twenty-five minutes past midnight the Captain gave +orders for the passengers to be called and mustered on the boat deck. +All the ship's crew had by this time been summoned to their various +stations; and now through all the carpeted corridors, through the +companion-ways and up and down staircases, leading to the steerage +cabins, an army of three hundred stewards was hurrying, knocking loudly +on doors, and shouting up and down the passages, "All passengers on +deck with life-belts on!" The summons came to many in their sleep; and +to some in the curtained firelight luxury of their deck state-rooms it +seemed an order so absurd that they scorned it, and actually went back +to bed again. These, however, were rare exceptions; for most people +there was no mistaking the urgency of the command, even though they were +slow to understand the necessity for it. And hurry is a thing easily +communicated; seeing some passengers hastening out with nothing over +their night clothes but a blanket or a wrapper, others caught the +infection, and hurried too; and struggling with life-belts, clumsily +attempting to adjust them over and under a curious assortment of +garments, the passengers of the _Titanic_ came crowding up on deck, for +the first time fully alarmed. + + + + +X + + +When the people came on deck it was half-past twelve. The first-class +passengers came pouring up the two main staircases and out on to the +boat deck--some of them indignant, many of them curious, some few of them +alarmed. They found there everything as usual except that the long deck +was not quite level; it tilted downwards a little towards the bow, and +there was a slight list towards the starboard side. The stars were +shining in the sky and the sea was perfectly smooth, although dotted +about it here and there were lumps of dark-coloured ice, almost +invisible against the background of smooth water. A long line of +stewards was forming up beside the boats on either side--those solid +white boats, stretching far aft in two long lines, that became suddenly +invested with practical interest. Officers were shouting orders, seamen +were busy clearing up the coils of rope attached to the davit tackles, +fitting the iron handles to the winches by which the davits themselves +were canted over from the inward position over the deck to the outward +position over the ship's side. Almost at the same time a rush of people +began from the steerage quarters, swarming up stairways and ladders to +reach this high deck hitherto sacred to the first-class passengers. At +first they were held back by a cordon of stewards, but some broke +through and others were allowed through, so that presently a large +proportion of the ship's company was crowding about the boat deck and +the one immediately below it. + +Then the business of clearing, filling, and lowering the boats was +begun--a business quickly described, but occupying a good deal of time in +the transaction. Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Officer, ordered the crews to +the boats; and with some confusion different parties of stewards and +sailors disentangled themselves from the throng and stood in their +positions by each of the sixteen boats. Every member of the crew, when +he signs on for a voyage in a big passenger ship, is given a number +denoting which boat's crew he belongs to. If there has been boat drill, +every man knows and remembers his number; if, as in the case of the +_Titanic_, there has been no boat drill, some of the men remember their +numbers and some do not, the result being a certain amount of confusion. +But at last a certain number of men were allotted to each boat, and +began the business of hoisting them out. + +First of all the covers had to be taken off and the heavy masts and +sails lifted out of them. Ship's boats appear very small things when one +sees a line of them swinging high up on deck; but, as a matter of fact, +they are extremely heavy, each of them the size of a small sailing +yacht. Everything on the _Titanic_ having been newly painted, everything +was stiff and difficult to move. The lashings of the heavy canvas covers +were like wire, and the covers themselves like great boards; the new +ropes ran stiffly in the new gear. At last a boat was cleared and the +order given, "Women and children first." The officers had revolvers in +their hands ready to prevent a rush; but there was no rush. There was a +certain amount of laughter. No one wanted to be the first to get into +the boat and leave the ship. "Come on," cried the officers. There was a +pause, followed by the brief command, "Put them in." + +The crew seized the nearest women and pushed or lifted them over the +rail into the first boat, which was now hanging over the side level with +the deck. But they were very unwilling to go. The boat, which looked big +and solid on the deck, now hung dizzily seventy-five feet over the dark +water; it seemed a far from attractive prospect to get into it and go +out on to the cold sea, especially as everyone was convinced that it was +a merely formal precaution which was being taken, and that the people in +the boats would merely be rowed off a little way and kept shivering on +the cold sea for a time and then brought back to the ship when it was +found that the danger was past. For, walking about the deck, people +remembered all the things that they had been thinking and saying since +first they had seen the _Titanic_; and what was the use of travelling by +an unsinkable ship if, at the first alarm of danger, one had to leave +her and row out on the icy water? Obviously it was only the old habit of +the sea asserting itself, and Captain Smith, who had hitherto been such +a favourite, was beginning to be regarded as something of a nuisance +with his ridiculous precautions. + +The boats swung and swayed in the davits; even the calm sea, now that +they looked at it more closely, was seen to be not absolutely like a +millpond, but to have a certain movement on its surface which, although +utterly helpless to move the huge bulk of the _Titanic_, against whose +sides it lapped, as ineffectually as against the walls of a dock, was +enough to impart a swinging movement to the small boats. But at last, +what with coercion and persuasion, a boat was half filled with women. +One of the things they liked least was leaving their husbands; they felt +that they were being sacrificed needlessly to over-elaborate +precautions, and it was hard to leave the men standing comfortably on +the firm deck, sheltered and in a flood of warm yellow light, and in the +safety of the great solid ship that lay as still as a rock, while they +had to go out, half-clad and shivering, on the icy waters. + +But the inexorable movements of the crew continued. The pulleys squealed +in the sheaves, the new ropes were paid out; and jerking downwards, a +foot or two at a time, the first boat dropped down towards the water, +past storey after storey of the great structure, past rows and rows of +lighted portholes, until at last, by strange unknown regions of the +ship's side, where cataracts and waterfalls were rushing into the sea, +it rested on the waves. The blocks were unhooked, the heavy ash oars +were shipped, and the boat headed away into the darkness. And then, and +not till then, those in the boat realized that something was seriously +wrong with the _Titanic_. Instead of the trim level appearance which she +presented on the picture postcards or photographs, she had an ungraceful +slant downwards to the bows--a heavy helpless appearance like some +wounded monster that is being overcome by the waters. And even while +they looked, they could see that the bow was sinking lower. + +After the first boat had got away, there was less difficulty about the +others. The order, "Women and children first," was rigidly enforced by +the officers; but it was necessary to have men in the boats to handle +them, and a number of stewards, and many grimy figures of stokers who +had mysteriously appeared from below were put into them to man them. +Once the tide of people began to set into the boats and away from the +ship, there came a certain anxiety to join them and not to be left +behind. Here and there indeed there was over-anxiety, which had to be +roughly checked. One band of Italians from the steerage, who had good +reason to know that something was wrong, tried to rush one of the boats, +and had to be kept back by force, an officer firing a couple of shots +with his pistol; they desisted, and were hauled back ignominiously by +the legs. In their place some of the crew and the passengers who were +helping lifted in a number of Italian women limp with fright. + +And still everyone was walking about and saying that the ship was +unsinkable. There was a certain subdued excitement, natural to those who +feel that they are taking part in a rather thrilling adventure which +will give them importance in the eyes of people at home when they relate +it. There was as yet no call for heroism, because, among the +first-class passengers certainly, the majority believed that the safest +as well as the most comfortable place was the ship. But it was painful +for husbands and wives to be separated, and the wives sent out to brave +the discomforts of the open boats while the husbands remained on the dry +and comfortable ship. + +The steerage people knew better and feared more. Life had not taught +them, as it had taught some of those first-class passengers, that the +world was an organization specially designed for their comfort and +security; they had not come to believe that the crude and ugly and +elementary catastrophes of fate would not attack them. On the contrary, +most of them knew destiny as a thing to fear, and made haste to flee +from it. Many of them, moreover, had been sleeping low down in the +forward part of the ship; they had heard strange noises, had seen water +washing about where no water should be, and they were frightened. There +was, however, no discrimination between classes in putting the women +into the boats. The woman with a tattered shawl over her head, the woman +with a sable coat over her nightdress, the woman clasping a baby, and +the woman clutching a packet of trinkets had all an equal chance; side +by side they were handed on to the harsh and uncomfortable thwarts of +the lifeboats; the wife of the millionaire sat cheek by jowl with a +dusty stoker and a Russian emigrant, and the spoiled woman of the world +found some poor foreigner's baby thrown into her lap as the boat was +lowered. + +By this time the women and children had all been mustered on the second +or A deck; the men were supposed to remain up on the boat deck while the +boats were being lowered to the level of the women, where sections of +the rail had been cleared away for them to embark more easily; but this +rule, like all the other rules, was not rigidly observed. The crew was +not trained enough to discipline and coerce the passengers. How could +they be? They were trained to serve them, to be obsequious and obliging; +it would have been too much to expect that they should suddenly take +command and order them about. + +There were many minor adventures and even accidents. One woman had both +her legs broken in getting into the boat. The mere business of being +lowered in a boat through seventy feet of darkness was in itself +productive of more than one exciting incident. The falls of the first +boat jammed when she was four feet from the water, and she had to be +dropped into it with a splash. And there was one very curious incident +which happened to the boat in which Mr. Beezley, the English +schoolmaster already referred to, had been allotted a place as a helper. +"As the boat began to descend," he said, "two ladies were pushed +hurriedly through the crowd on B deck, and a baby ten months old was +passed down after them. Then down we went, the crew shouting out +directions to those lowering us. 'Level,' 'Aft,' 'Stern,' 'Both +together!' until we were some ten feet from the water. Here occurred the +only anxious moment we had during the whole of our experience from the +time of our leaving the deck to our reaching the _Carpathia_. + +"Immediately below our boat was the exhaust of the condensers, and a +huge stream of water was pouring all the time from the ship's side just +above the water-line. It was plain that we ought to be smart away from +it if we were to escape swamping when we touched the water. We had no +officers on board, and no petty officer or member of the crew to take +charge, so one of the stokers shouted, 'Some one find the pin which +releases the boat from the ropes and pull it up!' No one knew where it +was. We felt as well as we could on the floor, and along the sides, but +found nothing. It was difficult to move among so many people. We had +sixty or seventy on board. Down we went, and presently we floated with +our ropes still holding us, and the stream of water from the exhaust +washing us away from the side of the vessel, while the swell of the sea +urged us back against the side again. + +"The result of all these forces was that we were carried parallel to the +ship's side, and directly under boat No. 14, which had filled rapidly +with men, and was coming down on us in a way that threatened to submerge +our boat. + +"'Stop lowering 14,' our crew shouted, and the crew of No. 14, now only +20 feet above, cried out the same. The distance to the top, however, was +some 70 feet, and the creaking of the pulleys must have deadened all +sound to those above, for down she came, 15 feet, 10 feet, 5 feet, and a +stoker and I reached up and touched the bottom of the swinging boat +above our heads. The next drop would have brought her on our heads. Just +before she dropped another stoker sprang to the ropes with his knife +open in his hand. 'One,' I heard him say, and then 'Two,' as the knife +cut through the pulley rope. + +"'The next moment the exhaust stream carried us clear, while boat No. 14 +dropped into the water, taking the space we had occupied a moment +before. Our gunwales were almost touching. We drifted away easily, and +when our oars were got out, we headed directly away from the ship.'" + +But although there was no sense of danger, there were some painful +partings on the deck where the women were embarked; for you must think +of this scene as going on for at least an hour amid a confusion of +people pressing about, trying to find their friends, asking for +information, listening to some new rumour, trying to decide whether they +should or should not go in the boats, to a constant accompaniment of +shouted orders, the roar of escaping steam, the squeal and whine of the +ropes and pulleys, and the gay music of the band, which Captain Smith +had ordered to play during the embarkation. Every now and then a woman +would be forced away from her husband; every now and then a husband, +having got into a boat with his wife, would be made to get out of it +again. If it was hard for the wives to go, it was harder for the +husbands to see them go to such certain discomfort and in such strange +company. Colonel Astor, whose young wife was in a delicate state of +health, had got into the boat with her to look after her; and no wonder. +But he was ordered out again and came at once, no doubt feeling +bitterly, poor soul, that he would have given many of his millions to be +able to go honourably with her. But he stepped back without a word of +remonstrance and gave her good-bye with a cheery message, promising to +meet her in New York. And if that happened to him, we may be sure it was +happening over and over again in other boats. There were women who +flatly refused to leave their husbands and chose to stay with them and +risk whatever fate might be in store for them, although at that time +most of the people did not really believe that there was much danger. +Yet here and there there were incidents both touching and heroic. When +it came to the turn of Mrs. Isidore Straus, the wife of a Jewish +millionaire, she took her seat but got back out of the boat when she +found her husband was not coming. They were both old people, and on two +separate occasions an Englishman who knew her tried to persuade her to +get into a boat, but she would not leave her husband. The second time +the boat was not full and he went to Mr. Straus and said: "Do go with +your wife. Nobody can object to an old gentleman like you going. There +is plenty of room in the boat." The old gentleman thanked him calmly and +said: "I won't go before the other men." And Mrs. Straus got out and, +going up to him, said: "We have been together for forty years and we +will not separate now." And she remained by his side until that happened +to them which happened to the rest. + + + + +XI + + +We must now go back to the Marconi room on the upper deck where, ten +minutes after the collision, Captain Smith had left the operators with +orders to send out a call for assistance. From this Marconi room we get +a strange but vivid aspect of the situation; for Bride, the surviving +operator, who afterwards told the story so graphically to the _New York +Times_, practically never left the room until he left it to jump into +the sea, and his knowledge of what was going on was the vivid, partial +knowledge of a man who was closely occupied with his own duties and only +knew of other happenings in so far as they affected his own doings. +They had been working, you will remember, almost all of that Sunday at +locating and replacing a burnt-out terminal, and were both very tired. +Phillips was taking the night shift of duty, but he told Bride to go to +bed early and get up and relieve him as soon as he had had a little +sleep, as Phillips himself was quite worn out with his day's work. Bride +went to sleep in the cabin which opened into the operating-room. + +He slept some time, and when he woke he heard Phillips still at work. He +could read the rhythmic buzzing sounds as easily as you or I can read +print. He could hear that Phillips was talking to Cape Race, sending +dull uninteresting traffic matter; and he was about to sink off to sleep +again when he remembered how tired Phillips must be, and decided that he +would get up and relieve him for a spell. He never felt the shock, or +saw anything, or had any other notification of anything unusual except +no doubt the ringing of the telegraph bells and cessation of the beat of +the engines. It was a few minutes afterwards that, as we have seen, the +Captain put his head in at the door and told them to get ready to send a +call, returning ten minutes later to tell them to send it. + +The two operators were rather amused than otherwise at having to send +out the S.O.S.; it was a pleasant change from relaying traffic matter. +"We said lots of funny things to each other in the next few minutes," +said Bride. Phillips went stolidly on, firmly hammering out his "S.O.S., +S.O.S.," sometimes varying it with "C.Q.D." for the benefit of such +operators as might not be on the alert for the new call. For several +minutes there was no reply; then the whining voice at Phillips' ear +began to answer. Some one had heard. They had picked up the steamer +_Frankfurt_, and they gave her the position and told her that the +_Titanic_ had struck an iceberg and needed assistance. There was another +pause and, in their minds' eye, the wireless men could see the +_Frankfurt's_ operator miles and miles away across the dark night going +along from his cabin and rousing the _Frankfurt's_ Captain and giving +his message and coming back to the instrument, when again the whining +voice began asking for more news. + +They were learning facts up here in the Marconi room. They knew that the +_Titanic_ was taking in water, and they knew that she was sinking by the +head; and what they knew they flashed out into the night for the benefit +of all who had ears to hear. They knew that there were many ships in +their vicinity; but they knew also that hardly any of them carried more +than one operator, and that even Marconi operators earning L4 a month +must go to bed and sleep sometimes, and that it was a mere chance if +their call was heard. But presently the Cunard liner _Carpathia_ +answered and told them her position, from which it appeared that she was +about seventy miles away. The _Carpathia_, which was heading towards the +Mediterranean, told them she had altered her course and was heading full +steam to their assistance. The _Carpathia's_ voice was much fainter than +the _Frankfurt's_, from which Phillips assumed that the _Frankfurt_ was +the nearer ship; but there was a certain lack of promptitude on board +the _Frankfurt_ which made Phillips impatient. While he was still +sending out the call for help, after the _Frankfurt_ had answered it, +she interrupted him again, asking what was the matter. They told Captain +Smith, who said, "That fellow is a fool," an opinion which Phillips and +Bride not only shared, but which they even found time to communicate to +the operator on the _Frankfurt_. By this time the _Olympic_ had also +answered her twin sister's cry for help, but she was far away, more than +three hundred miles; and although she too turned and began to race +towards the spot where the _Titanic_ was lying so quietly, it was felt +that the honours of salving her passengers would go to the _Carpathia_. +The foolish _Frankfurt_ operator still occasionally interrupted with a +question, and he was finally told, with such brusqueness as the wireless +is capable of, to keep away from his instrument and not interfere with +the serious conversations of the _Titanic_ and _Carpathia_. + +Then Bride took Phillips's place at the instrument and succeeded in +getting a whisper from the _Baltic_, and gradually, over hundreds of +miles of ocean, the invisible ether told the ships that their giant +sister was in distress. The time passed quickly with these urgent +conversations on which so much might depend, and hour by hour and minute +by minute the water was creeping up the steep sides of the ship. Once +the Captain looked in and told them that the engine-rooms were taking in +water and that the dynamos might not last much longer. That information +was also sent to the _Carpathia_, who by this time could tell them that +she had turned towards them with every furnace going at full blast, and +was hurrying forward at the rate of eighteen knots instead of her usual +fifteen. It now became a question how long the storage plant would +continue to supply current. Phillips went out on deck and looked round. +"The water was pretty close up to the boat deck. There was a great +scramble aft, and how poor Phillips worked through it I don't know. He +was a brave man. I learnt to love him that night, and I suddenly felt +for him a great reverence, to see him standing there sticking to his +work while everybody else was raging about. While I live I shall never +forget the work Phillips did for that last awful fifteen minutes." + +Bride felt that it was time to look about and see if there was no chance +of saving himself. He knew that by this time all the boats had gone. He +could see, by looking over the side, that the water was far nearer than +it had yet been, and that the fo'c's'le decks, which of course were much +lower than the superstructure on which the Marconi cabin was situated, +were already awash. He remembered that there was a lifebelt for every +member of the crew and that his own was under his bunk; and he went and +put it on. And then, thinking how cold the water would be, he went back +and put his boots on, and an extra coat. Phillips was still standing at +the key, talking to the _Olympic_ now and telling her the tragic and +shameful news that her twin sister, the unsinkable, was sinking by the +head and was pretty near her end. While Phillips was sending this +message Bride strapped a lifebelt about him and put on his overcoat. +Then, at Phillips's suggestion, Bride went out to see if there was +anything left in the shape of a boat by which they could get away. He +saw some men struggling helplessly with a collapsible boat which they +were trying to lower down on to the deck. Bride gave them a hand and +then, although it was the last boat left, he resolutely turned his back +on it and went back to Phillips. At that moment for the last time, the +Captain looked in to give them their release. + +"Men, you have done your full duty, you can do no more. Abandon your +cabin now; it is every man for himself; you look out for yourselves. I +release you. That's the way of it at this kind of time; every man for +himself." + +Then happened one of the strangest incidents of that strange hour. I can +only give it in Bride's own words: + +"Phillips clung on, sending, sending. He clung on for about ten minutes, +or maybe fifteen minutes, after the Captain released him. The water was +then coming into our cabin. + +"While he worked something happened I hate to tell about. I was back in +my room getting Phillips's money for him, and as I looked out of the +door I saw a stoker, or somebody from below decks, leaning over Phillips +from behind. Phillips was too busy to notice what the man was doing, but +he was slipping the lifebelt off Phillips's back. He was a big man, +too. + +"As you can see, I'm very small. I don't know what it was I got hold of, +but I remembered in a flash the way Phillips had clung on; how I had to +fix that lifebelt in place, because he was too busy to do it. + +"I knew that man from below decks had his own lifebelt, and should have +known where to get it. I suddenly felt a passion not to let that man die +a decent sailor's death. I wished he might have stretched a rope or +walked a plank. I did my duty. I hope I finished him, but I don't know. + +"We left him on the cabin floor of the wireless room, and he wasn't +moving." + +Phillips left the cabin, running aft, and Bride never saw him alive +again. He himself came out and found the water covering the bridge and +coming aft over the boat deck. + + + + +XII + + +There is one other separate point of view from which we may look at the +ship during this fateful hour before all points of view become merged in +one common experience. Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, who had been on +the bridge at the moment of the impact, had been busy sending up rockets +and signals in the effort to attract the attention of a ship whose +lights could be seen some ten miles away; a mysterious ship which cannot +be traced, but whose lights appear to have been seen by many independent +witnesses on the _Titanic_. So sure was he of her position that Mr. +Boxhall spent almost all his time on the bridge signalling to her with +rockets and flashes; but no answer was received. He had, however, also +been on a rapid tour of inspection of the ship immediately after she had +struck. He went down to the steerage quarters forward and aft, and he +was also down in the deep forward compartment where the Post Office men +were working with the mails, and he had at that time found nothing +wrong, and his information contributed much to the sense of security +that was spread amongst the passengers. + +Mr. Pitman, the Third Officer, was in his bunk at the time of the +collision, having been on duty on the bridge from six to eight, when the +Captain had also been on the bridge. There had been talk of ice among +the officers on Sunday, and they had expected to meet with it just +before midnight, at the very time, in fact, when they had met with it. +But very little ice had been seen, and the speed of the ship had not +been reduced. Mr. Pitman says that when he awoke he heard a sound which +seemed to him to be the sound of the ship coming to anchor. He was not +actually awake then, but he had the sensation of the ship halting, and +heard a sound like that of chains whirling round the windlass and +running through the hawseholes into the water. He lay in bed for three +or four minutes wondering in a sleepy sort of way where they could have +anchored. Then, becoming more awake, he got up, and without dressing +went out on deck; he saw nothing remarkable, but he went back and +dressed, suspecting that something was the matter. While he was dressing +Mr. Boxhall looked in and said: "We have struck an iceberg, old man; +hurry up!" + +He also went down below to make an inspection and find out what damage +had been done. He went to the forward well deck, where ice was lying, +and into the fo'c's'le, but found nothing wrong there. The actual +damage was farther aft, and at that time the water had not come into the +bows of the ship. As he was going back he met a number of firemen coming +up the gangway with their bags of clothing; they told him that water was +coming into their place. They were firemen off duty, who afterwards were +up on the boat deck helping to man the boats. Then Mr. Pitman went down +lower into the ship and looked into No. 1 hatch, where he could plainly +see water. All this took time; and when he came back he found that the +men were beginning to get the boats ready, a task at which he helped +under Mr. Murdoch's orders. Presently Mr. Murdoch ordered him to take +command of a boat and hang about aft of the gangway. Pitman had very +little relish for leaving the ship at that time, and in spite of the +fact that she was taking in water, every one was convinced that the +_Titanic_ was a much safer place than the open sea. He had about forty +passengers and six of the crew in his boat, and as it was about to be +lowered, Mr. Murdoch leant over to him and shook him heartily by the +hand: "Good-bye, old man, and good luck," he said, in tones which rather +surprised Pitman, for they seemed to imply that the good-bye might be +for a long time. His boat was lowered down into the water, unhooked, and +shoved off, and joined the gradually increasing fleet of other boats +that were cruising about in the starlight. + +There was one man walking about that upper deck whose point of view was +quite different from that of anyone else. Mr. Bruce Ismay, like so many +others, was awakened from sleep by the stopping of the engines; like so +many others, also, he lay still for a few moments, and then got up and +went into the passage-way, where he met a steward and asked him what was +the matter. The steward knew nothing, and Mr. Ismay went back to his +state-room, put on a dressing-gown and slippers, and went up to the +bridge, where he saw the Captain. "What has happened?" he asked. "We +have struck ice," was the answer. "Is the injury serious?" "I think so," +said the Captain. Then Mr. Ismay came down in search of the Chief +Engineer, whom he met coming up to the bridge; he asked him the same +question, and he also said he thought the injury serious. He understood +from them that the ship was certainly in danger, but that there was hope +that if the pumps could be kept going there would be no difficulty in +keeping her afloat quite long enough for help to come and for the +passengers to be taken off. Whatever was to be the result, it was a +terrible moment for Mr. Ismay, a terrible blow to the pride and record +of the Company, that this, their greatest and most invulnerable ship, +should be at least disabled, and possibly lost, on her maiden voyage. +But like a sensible man, he did not stand wringing his hands at the +inevitable; he did what he could to reassure the passengers, repeating, +perhaps with a slight quaver of doubt in his voice, the old +word--unsinkable. When the boats began to be launched he went and tried +to help, apparently in his anxiety getting rather in the way. In this +endeavour he encountered the wrath of Mr. Lowe, the Fifth Officer, who +was superintending the launching of boat No. 5. Mr. Lowe did not know +the identity of the nervous, excited figure standing by the davits, nor +recognize the voice which kept saying nervously, "Lower away! lower +away!" and it was therefore with no misgivings that he ordered him away +from the boat, saying brusquely, "If you will kindly get to hell out of +this perhaps I'll be able to do something!"--a trifling incident, but +evidence that Mr. Ismay made no use of his position for his own personal +ends. He said nothing, and went away to another boat, where he succeeded +in being more useful, and it was not till afterwards that an +awe-stricken steward told the Fifth Officer who it was that he had +chased away with such language. But after that Mr. Ismay was among the +foremost in helping to sort out the women and children and get them +expeditiously packed into the boats, with a burden of misery and +responsibility on his heart that we cannot measure. + +One can imagine a great bustle and excitement while the boats were being +sent away; but when they had all gone, and there was nothing more to be +done, those who were left began to look about them and realize their +position. There was no doubt about it, the _Titanic_ was sinking, not +with any plunging or violent movement, but steadily settling down, as a +rock seems to settle into the water when the tide rises about it. + +Down in the engine-room and stokeholds, in conditions which can hardly +be imagined by the ordinary landsman, men were still working with a grim +and stoic heroism. The forward stokeholds had been flooded probably an +hour after the collision; but it is practically certain that the +bulkheads forward of No. 5 held until the last. The doors in those aft +of No. 4 had been opened by hand after they had been closed from the +bridge, in order to facilitate the passage of the engineering staff +about their business; and they remained open, and the principal bulkhead +protecting the main engine-room, held until the last. Water thus found +its way into some compartments, and gradually rose; but long after +those in charge had given up all hope of saving the ship, the stokehold +watch were kept hard at work drawing the fires from under the boilers, +so that when the water reached them there should be no steam. The duty +of the engine-room staff was to keep the pumps going as long as possible +and to run the dynamos that supplied the current for the light and the +Marconi installation. This they did, as the black water rose stage by +stage upon them. At least twenty minutes before the ship sank the +machinery must have been flooded, and the current for the lights and the +wireless supplied from the storage plant. No member of the engine-room +staff was ever seen alive again, but, when the water finally flooded the +stokeholds, the watch were released and told to get up and save +themselves if they could. + +And up on deck a chilly conviction of doom was slowly but certainly +taking the place of that bland confidence in the unsinkable ship in +which the previous hour had been lightly passed. That confidence had +been dreadfully overdone, so much so that the stewards had found the +greatest difficulty in persuading the passengers to dress themselves and +come up on deck, and some who had done so had returned to their +state-rooms and locked themselves in. The last twenty minutes, however, +must have shown everyone on deck that there was not a chance left. On a +ship as vast and solid as the _Titanic_ there is no sensation of actual +sinking or settling. She still seemed as immovable as ever, but the +water was climbing higher and higher up her black sides. The sensation +was not that of the ship sinking, but of the water rising about her. And +the last picture we have of her, while still visible, still a firm +refuge amid the waters, is of the band still playing and a throng of +people looking out from the lamplit upper decks after the disappearing +boats, bracing themselves as best they might for the terrible plunge and +shock which they knew was coming. Here and there men who were determined +still to make a fight for life climbed over the rail and jumped over; it +was not a seventy foot drop now--perhaps under twenty, but it was a +formidable jump. Some were stunned, and some were drowned at once before +the eyes of those who waited; and the dull splashes they made were +probably the first visible demonstration of the death that was coming. +Duties were still being performed; an old deck steward, who had charge +of the chairs, was busily continuing to work, adapting his duties to the +emergency that had arisen and lashing chairs together. In this he was +helped by Mr. Andrews, who was last seen engaged on this strangely +ironic task of throwing chairs overboard--frail rafts thrown upon the +waters that might or might not avail some struggling soul when the +moment should arrive, and the great ship of his designing float no +longer. Throughout he had been untiring in his efforts to help and +hearten people; but in this the last vision of him, there is something +not far short of the sublime. + +The last collapsible boat was being struggled with on the upper deck, +but there were no seamen about who understood its stiff mechanism; +unaccustomed hands fumbled desperately with it, and finally pushed it +over the side in its collapsed condition for use as a raft. Many of the +seamen and stewards had gathered in the bar-room, where the attendant +was serving out glasses of whiskey to any and all who came for it; but +most men had an instinct against being under cover, and preferred to +stand out in the open. + +And now those in the boats that had drawn off from the ship could see +that the end was at hand. Her bows had gone under, although the stern +was still fairly high out of the water. She had sunk down at the forward +end of the great superstructure amidships; her decks were just awash, +and the black throng was moving aft. The ship was blazing with light, +and the strains of the band were faintly heard still playing as they had +been commanded to do. But they had ceased to play the jolly rag-time +tunes with which the bustle and labour of getting off the boats had been +accompanied; solemn strains, the strains of a hymn, could be heard +coming over the waters. Many women in the boats, looking back towards +that lighted and subsiding mass, knew that somewhere, invisible among +the throng, was all that they held dearest in the world waiting for +death; and they could do nothing. Some tried to get the crews to turn +back, wringing their hands, beseeching, imploring; but no crew dared +face the neighbourhood of the giant in her death agony. They could only +wait, and shiver, and look. + + + + +XIII + + +The end, when it came, was as gradual as everything else had been since +the first impact. Just as there was no one moment at which everyone in +the ship realized that she had suffered damage; just as there was no one +moment when the whole of her company realized that they must leave her; +just as there was no one moment when all in the ship understood that +their lives were in peril, and no moment when they all knew she must +sink; so there was no one moment at which all those left on board could +have said, "She is gone." At one moment the floor of the bridge, where +the Captain stood, was awash; the next a wave came along and covered it +with four feet of water, in which the Captain was for a moment washed +away, although he struggled back and stood there again, up to his knees +in water. "Boys, you can do no more," he shouted, "look out for +yourselves!" Standing near him was a fireman and--strange +juxtaposition--two unclaimed solitary little children, scarce more than +babies. The fireman seized one in his arms, the Captain another; another +wave came and they were afloat in deep water, striking out over the rail +of the bridge away from the ship. + +The slope of the deck increased, and the sea came washing up against it +as waves wash against a steep shore. And then that helpless mass of +humanity was stricken at last with the fear of death, and began to +scramble madly aft, away from the chasm of water that kept creeping up +and up the decks. Then a strange thing happened. They who had been +waiting to sink into the sea found themselves rising into the air as the +slope of the decks grew steeper. Up and up, dizzily high out of reach +of the dark waters into which they had dreaded to be plunged, higher and +higher into the air, towards the stars, the stern of the ship rose +slowly right out of the water, and hung there for a time that is +estimated variously between two and five minutes; a terrible eternity to +those who were still clinging. Many, thinking the end had come, jumped; +the water resounded with splash after splash as the bodies, like mice +shaken out of a trap into a bucket, dropped into the water. All who +could do so laid hold of something; ropes, stanchions, deck-houses, +mahogany doors, window frames, anything, and so clung on while the stern +of the giant ship reared itself towards the sky. Many had no hold, or +lost the hold they had, and these slid down the steep smooth decks, as +people slide down a water chute into the sea. + +We dare not linger here, even in imagination; dare not speculate; dare +not look closely, even with the mind's eye, at this poor human agony, +this last pitiful scramble for dear life that the serene stars shone +down upon. We must either turn our faces away, or withdraw to that +surrounding circle where the boats were hovering with their +terror-stricken burdens, and see what they saw. They saw the after part +of the ship, blazing with light, stand up, a suspended prodigy, between +the stars and the waters; they saw the black atoms, each one of which +they knew to be a living man or woman on fire with agony, sliding down +like shot rubbish into the sea; they saw the giant decks bend and crack; +they heard a hollow and tremendous rumbling as the great engines tore +themselves from their steel beds and crashed through the ship; they saw +sparks streaming in a golden rain from one of the funnels; heard the +dull boom of an explosion while the spouting funnel fell over into the +sea with a slap that killed every one beneath it and set the nearest +boat rocking; heard two more dull bursting reports as the steel +bulkheads gave way or decks blew up; saw the lights flicker out, flicker +back again, and then go out for ever, and the ship, like some giant sea +creature forsaking the strife of the upper elements for the peace of the +submarine depths, launched herself with one slow plunge and dive beneath +the waves. + +There was no great maelstrom as they had feared, but the sea was +swelling and sinking all about them; and they could see waves and eddies +where rose the imprisoned air, the smoke and steam of vomited-up ashes, +and a bobbing commotion of small dark things where the _Titanic_, in her +pride and her shame, with the clocks ticking and the fires burning in +her luxurious rooms, had plunged down to the icy depths of death. + + + + +XIV + + +As the ship sank and the commotion and swirl of the waves subsided, the +most terrible experience of all began. The seas were not voiceless; the +horrified people in the surrounding boats heard an awful sound from the +dark central area, a collective voice, compound of moans, shrieks, cries +and despairing calls, from those who were struggling in the water. It +was an area of death and of agony towards which those in the boats dared +not venture, even although they knew their own friends were perishing +and crying for help there. They could only wait and listen, hoping that +it might soon be over. But it was not soon over. There was a great deal +of floating wreckage to which hundreds of people clung, some for a +short time, some for a long time; and while they clung on they cried out +to their friends to save them. One boat--that commanded by Mr. Lowe, the +Fifth Officer--did, after transshipping some of its passengers into other +boats, and embarking a crew of oarsmen, venture back into the dark +centre of things. The wreckage and dead bodies showed the sea so thickly +that they could hardly row without touching a dead body; and once, when +they were trying to reach a survivor who was clinging to a piece of +broken staircase, praying and calling for help, it took them nearly half +an hour to cover the fifty feet that separated them from him, so thick +were the bodies. This reads like an exaggeration, but it is well +attested. The water was icy cold, and benumbed many of them, who thus +died quickly; a few held on to life, moaning, wailing, calling--but in +vain. + +A few strong men were still making a desperate fight for life. The +collapsible boat, which Bride had seen a group of passengers attempting +to launch a few minutes before the ship sank, was washed off by a wave +in its collapsed condition. Such boats contain air compartments in their +bottom, and thus, even although they are not opened, they float like +rafts, and can carry a considerable weight. Some of those who were swept +off the ship by the same wave that took the boat found themselves near +it and climbed on to it. Mr. Lightoller, the Second Officer, had dived +as the ship dived, and been sucked down the steep submerged wall of the +hull against the grating over the blower for the exhaust steam. Far down +under the water he felt the force of an explosion which blew him up to +the surface, where he breathed for a moment, and was then sucked back +by the water washing into the ship as it sank. This time he landed +against the grating over the pipes that furnished the draught for the +funnels, and stuck there. There was another explosion, and again he came +to the surface not many feet from the ship, and found himself near the +collapsible boat, to which he clung. It was quite near him that the huge +funnel fell over into the water and killed many swimmers before his +eyes. He drifted for a time on the collapsible boat, until he was taken +off into one of the lifeboats. + +Bride also found himself strangely involved with this boat, which he had +last seen on the deck of the ship. When he was swept off, he found +himself in the horrible position of being trapped under water beneath +this boat. He struggled out and tried to climb on to it, but it took +him a long time; at last, however, he managed to get up on it, and found +five or six other people there. And now and then some other swimmer, +stronger than most, would come up and be helped on board. Some thus +helped died almost immediately; there were four found dead upon this +boat when at last the survivors were rescued. + +There was another boat also not far off, a lifeboat, capsized likewise. +Six men managed to scramble on to the keel of this craft; it was almost +all she could carry. Mr. Caldwell, a second-class passenger, who had +been swimming about in the icy water for nearly an hour, with dead +bodies floating all about him, was beginning to despair when he found +himself near a crate to which another man was clinging. "Will it hold +two?" he asked. And the other man, with a rare heroism, said: "Catch +hold and try; we will live or die together." And these two, clinging +precariously to the crate, reached the overturned lifeboat and were +hauled up to its keel. Presently another man came swimming along and +asked if they could take him on. But the boat was already dangerously +loaded; the weight of another man would have meant death for all, and +they told him so. "All right," he cried, "good-bye; God bless you all!" +And he sank before their eyes. + +Captain Smith, who had last been seen washed from the bridge as the ship +sank, with a child in his arms, was seen once more before he died. He +was swimming, apparently only in the hope of saving the child that he +held; for in his austere conception of his duty there was no place of +salvation for him while others were drowning and struggling. He swam up +to a boat with the child and gasped out: "Take the child!" A dozen +willing hands were stretched out to take it, and then to help him into +the boat; but he shook them off. Only for a moment he held on, asking: +"What became of Murdoch?" and when they said that he was dead, he let go +his hold, saying: "Let me go"; and the last that they saw of him was +swimming back towards the ship. He had no lifebelt; he had evidently no +wish that there should be any gruesome resurrection of his body from the +sea, and undoubtedly he found his grave where he wished to find it, +somewhere hard by the grave of his ship. + +The irony of chance, the merciless and illogical selection which death +makes in a great collective disaster, was exemplified over and over +again in the deaths of people who had escaped safely to a boat, and the +salvation of others who were involved in the very centre of destruction. +The strangest escape of all was probably that of Colonel Gracie of the +United States army, who jumped from the topmost deck of the ship when +she sank and was sucked down with her. He was drawn down for a long +while, and whirled round and round, and would have been drawn down to a +depth from which he could never have come up alive if it had not been +for the explosion which took place after the ship sank. "After sinking +with the ship," he says, "it appeared to me as if I was propelled by +some great force through the water. This may have been caused by +explosions under the waters, and I remembered fearful stories of people +being boiled to death. Innumerable thoughts of a personal nature, having +relation to mental telepathy, flashed through my brain. I thought of +those at home, as if my spirit might go to them to say good-bye. Again +and again I prayed for deliverance, although I felt sure that the end +had come. I had the greatest difficulty in holding my breath until I +came to the surface. I knew that once I inhaled, the water would +suffocate me. I struck out with all my strength for the surface. I got +to the air again after a time that seemed to me unending. There was +nothing in sight save the ocean strewn with great masses of wreckage, +dying men and women all about me, groaning and crying piteously. I saw +wreckage everywhere, and what came within reach I clung to. I moved from +one piece to another until I reached the collapsible boat. She soon +became so full that it seemed as if she would sink if more came on board +her. We had to refuse to let any others climb on board. This was the +most pathetic and horrible scene of all. The piteous cries of those +around us ring in my ears, and I will remember them to my dying day. +'Hold on to what you have, old boy,' we shouted to each man who tried +to get on board. 'One more of you would sink us all.' Many of those whom +we refused answered, as they went to their death, 'Good luck; God bless +you.' All the time we were buoyed up and sustained by the hope of +rescue. We saw lights in all directions--particularly some green lights +which, as we learned later, were rockets burned by one of the +_Titanic's_ boats. So we passed the night with the waves washing over +and burying our raft deep in the water." + +It was twenty minutes past two when the _Titanic_ sank, two hours and +forty minutes after she had struck the iceberg; and for two hours after +that the boats drifted all round and about, some of them in bunches of +three or four, others solitary. Almost every kind of suffering was +endured in them, although, after the mental horrors of the preceding +hour, physical sufferings were scarcely felt. Some of the boats had +hardly anyone but women in them; in many the stokers and stewards were +quite useless at the oars. But here and there, in that sorrowful, +horror-stricken company, heroism lifted its head and human nature took +heart again. Women took their turn at the oars in boats where the men +were either too few or incapable of rowing; and one woman notably, the +Countess of Rothes, practically took command of her boat and was at an +oar all the time. Where they were rowing to most of them did not know. +They had seen lights at the time the ship went down, and some of them +made for these; but they soon disappeared, and probably most of the +boats were following each other aimlessly, led by one boat in which some +green flares were found, which acted as a beacon for which the others +made. One man had a pocket electric lamp, which he flashed now and +then, a little ray of hope and guidance shining across those dark and +miserable waters. Not all of the boats had food and water on board. Many +women were only in their night-clothes, some of the men in evening +dress; everyone was bitterly cold, although, fortunately, there was no +wind and no sea. + +The stars paled in the sky; the darkness became a little lighter; the +gray daylight began to come. Out of the surrounding gloom a wider and +wider area of sea became visible, with here and there a boat discernible +on it, and here and there some fragments of wreckage. By this time the +boats had rowed away from the dreadful region, and but few floating +bodies were visible. The waves rose and fell, smooth as oil, first gray +in colour, and then, as the light increased, the pure dark blue of +mid-ocean. The eastern sky began to grow red under the cloud bank, and +from red to orange, and from orange to gold, the lovely pageantry of an +Atlantic dawn began to unfold itself before the aching eyes that had +been gazing on prodigies and horrors. From out that well of light in the +sky came rays that painted the wave-backs first with rose, and then with +saffron, and then with pure gold. And in the first flush of that blessed +and comforting light the draggled and weary sufferers saw, first a speck +far to the south, then a smudge of cloud, and then the red and black +smoke-stack of a steamer that meant succour and safety for them. + + + + +XV + + +From every quarter of the ocean, summoned by the miracle of the wireless +voice, many ships had been racing since midnight to the help of the +doomed liner. From midnight onwards captains were being called by +messages from the wireless operators of their ships, telling them that +the _Titanic_ was asking for help; courses were being altered and chief +engineers called upon to urge their stokehold crews to special efforts; +for coal means steam, and steam means speed, and speed may mean life. +Many ships that could receive the strong electric impulses sent out from +the _Titanic_ had not electric strength enough to answer; but they +turned and came to that invisible spot represented by a few figures +which the faithful wireless indicated. Even as far as five hundred miles +away, the _Parisian_ turned in her tracks in obedience to the call and +came racing towards the north-west. But there were tragedies even with +the wireless. The Leyland liner _Californian_, bound for Boston, was +only seventeen miles away from the _Titanic_ when she struck, and could +have saved every soul on board; but her wireless apparatus was not +working, and she was deaf to the agonized calls that were being sent out +from only a few miles away. The _Parisian_, five hundred miles away, +could hear and come, though it was useless; the _Californian_ could not +hear and so did not come though, if she had, she would probably have +saved every life on board. The _Cincinnati_, the _Amerika_, the _Prinz +Friedrich Wilhelm_, the _Menominee_, the _La Provence_, the _Prinz +Adalbert_, the _Virginian_, the _Olympic_, and the _Baltic_ all heard +the news and all turned towards Lat. 41 deg. 46' N., Long. 50 deg. 14' W. +The dread news was being whispered all over the sea, and even ashore, just +as the dwellers on the North Atlantic seaboard were retiring to rest, +the station at Cape Race intercepted the talk of the _Titanic_ 270 miles +away, and flashed the message out far and wide; so that Government tugs +and ships with steam up in harbours, and everything afloat in the +vicinity which heard the news might hurry to the rescue. Cape Race soon +heard that the _Virginian_ was on her way to the _Titanic's_ position, +then that the _Olympic_ and _Carpathia_ had altered their courses and +were making for the wounded ship, and so on. Throughout the night the +rumours in the air were busy, while still the steady calls came out in +firm electric waves from the _Titanic_--still calling, still flashing +"C.Q.D." At 1.20 she whispered to the _Olympic_, "Get your boats ready; +going down fast by the head." At 1.35 the _Frankfurt_ (after an hour and +a half's delay) said, "We are starting for you." Then at 1.41 came a +message to the _Olympic_, "C.Q.D., boilers flooded." + +"Are there any boats round you already?" asked the _Olympic_, but there +was no answer. + +Other ships began to call, giving encouraging messages: "We are coming," +said the _Birma_, "only fifty miles away"; but still there was no +answer. + +All over the North Atlantic men in lighted instrument rooms sat +listening with the telephones at their ears; they heard each other's +questions and waited in the silence, but it was never broken again by +the voice from the _Titanic_. "All quiet now," reported the _Birma_ to +the _Olympic_, and all quiet it was, except for the thrashing and +pounding of a score of propellers, and the hiss of a dozen steel stems +as they ripped the smooth waters on courses converging to the spot where +the wireless voice had suddenly flickered out into silence. + +But of all those who had been listening to the signals Captain Rostron +of the _Carpathia_ knew that his ship would most likely be among the +first to reach the spot. It was about midnight on Sunday that the +passengers of the _Carpathia_ first became aware that something unusual +was happening. The course had been changed and a certain hurrying about +on the decks took the place of the usual midnight quiet. The trembling +and vibration increased to a quick jumping movement as pressure of steam +was gradually increased and the engines urged to the extreme of their +driving capacity. The chief steward summoned his staff and set them to +work making sandwiches and preparing hot drinks. All the hot water was +cut off from the cabins and bath-rooms, so that every ounce of steam +could be utilized for driving the machinery. + +The _Carpathia_ was nearly seventy miles from the position of the +_Titanic_ when she changed her course and turned northward; she had been +steaming just over four hours when, in the light of that wonderful dawn, +those on the look-out descried a small boat. As they drew nearer they +saw other boats, and fragments of wreckage, and masses of ice drifting +about the sea. Captain Rostron stopped while he was still a good +distance from the boats, realizing that preparations must be made before +he could take passengers on board. The accommodation gangway was rigged +and also rope ladders lowered over the sides, and canvas slings were +arranged to hoist up those who were too feeble to climb. The passengers +crowded along the rail or looked out of their portholes to see the +reaping of this strange harvest of the sea. The first boat came up +almost filled with women and children--women in evening dress or in fur +coats thrown over nightgowns, in silk stockings and slippers, in rags +and shawls. The babies were crying; some of the women were injured and +some half-fainting; all had horror on their faces. Other boats began to +come up, and the work of embarking the seven hundred survivors went on. +It took a long time, for some of the boats were far away, and it was not +until they had been seven hours afloat that the last of them were taken +on board the _Carpathia_. Some climbed up the ladders, others were put +into the slings and swung on board, stewards standing by with rum and +brandy to revive the fainting; and many willing hands were occupied +with caring for the sufferers, taking them at once to improvised couches +and beds, or conducting those who were not so exhausted to the saloon +where hot drinks and food were ready. But it was a ghastly company. As +boat after boat came up, those who had already been saved eagerly +searched among its occupants to see if their own friends were among +them; and as gradually the tale of boats was completed and it was known +that no more had been saved, and the terrible magnitude of the loss was +realized--then, in the words of one of the _Carpathia's_ people, "Bedlam +broke loose." Women who had borne themselves bravely throughout the +hours of waiting and exposure broke into shrieking hysterics, calling +upon the names of their lost. Some went clean out of their minds; one or +two died there in the very moment of rescue. The _Carpathia's_ +passengers gave up their rooms and ransacked their trunks to find +clothing for the more than half-naked survivors; and at last exhaustion, +resignation, and the doctor's merciful drugs did the rest. The dead were +buried; those who had been snatched too late from the bitter waters were +committed to them again, and eternally, with solemn words; and the +_Carpathia_ was headed for New York. + + + + +XVI + + +The _Californian_ had come up while the _Carpathia_ was taking the +survivors on board, and it was arranged that she should remain and +search the vicinity while the _Carpathia_ made all haste to New York. +And the other ships that had answered the call for help either came up +later in the morning and stayed for a little cruising about in the +forlorn hope of finding more survivors, or else turned back and resumed +their voyages when they heard the _Carpathia's_ tidings. + +In the meantime the shore stations could get no news. Word reached New +York and London in the course of the morning that the _Titanic_ had +struck an iceberg and was badly damaged, but nothing more was known +until a message, the origin of which could not be discovered, came to +say that the _Titanic_ was being towed to Halifax by the _Virginian_, +and that all her passengers were saved. With this news the London +evening papers came out on that Monday, and even on Tuesday the early +editions of the morning papers had the same story, and commented upon +the narrow escape of the huge ship. Even the White Star officials had on +Monday no definite news; and when their offices in New York were +besieged by newspaper men and relatives of the passengers demanding +information, the pathetic belief in the _Titanic's_ strength was allowed +to overshadow anxieties concerning the greater disaster. Mr. Franklin, +the vice-president of the American Trust to which the White Star Company +belongs, issued the following statement from New York on Monday: + + "We have nothing direct from the _Titanic_, but are perfectly + satisfied that the vessel is unsinkable. The fact that the + Marconi messages have ceased means nothing; it may be due to + atmospheric conditions or the coming up of the ships, or + something of that sort. + + "We are not worried over the possible loss of the ship, as she + will not go down, but we are sorry for the inconvenience + caused to the travelling public. We are absolutely certain + that the _Titanic_ is able to withstand any damage. She may be + down by the head, but would float indefinitely in that + condition." + +Still that same word, "unsinkable," which had now indeed for the first +time become a true one: for it is only when she lies at the bottom of +the sea that any ship can be called unsinkable. On Tuesday morning when +the dreadful news was first certainly known, those proud words had to be +taken back. Again Mr. Franklin had to face the reporters, and this time +he could only say: + + "I must take upon myself the whole blame for that statement. I + made it, and I believed it when I made it. The accident to the + _Olympic_, when she collided with the cruiser _Hawke_, + convinced me that these ships, the _Olympic_ and _Titanic_, + were built like battleships, able to resist almost any kind of + accident, particularly a collision. I made the statement in + good faith, and upon me must rest the responsibility for + error, since the fact has proved that it was not a correct + description of the unfortunate _Titanic_." + +And for three days while the _Carpathia_ was ploughing her way, now +slowly through ice-strewn seas, and now at full speed through open +water, and while England lay under the cloud of an unprecedented +disaster, New York was in a ferment of grief, excitement, and +indignation. Crowds thronged the streets outside the offices of the +White Star Line, while gradually, in lists of thirty or forty at a time, +the names of the survivors began to come through from the _Carpathia_. +And at last, when all the names had been spelled out, and interrogated, +and corrected, the grim total of the figures stood out in appalling +significance--seven hundred and three saved, one thousand five hundred +and three lost. + +It is not possible, nor would it be very profitable, to describe the +scenes that took place on these days of waiting, the alternations of +hope and grief, of thankfulness and wild despair, of which the shipping +offices were the scene. They culminated on the Thursday evening when +the _Carpathia_ arrived in New York. The greatest precautions had been +taken to prevent the insatiable thirst for news from turning that solemn +disembarkation into a battlefield. The entrance to the dock was +carefully guarded, and only those were admitted who had business there +or who could prove that they had relations among the rescued passengers. +Similar precautions were taken on the ship; she was not even boarded by +the Custom officials, nor were any reporters allowed on board, although +a fleet of steam launches went out in the cold rainy evening to meet +her, bearing pressmen who were prepared to run any risks to get a +footing on the ship. They failed, however, and the small craft were left +behind in the mist, as the _Carpathia_ came gliding up the Hudson. + +Among the waiting crowd were nurses, doctors, and a staff of ambulance +men and women; for all kinds of wild rumours were afloat as to the +condition of those who had been rescued. The women of New York had +devoted the days of waiting to the organization of a powerful relief +committee, and had collected money and clothing on an ample scale to +meet the needs of those, chiefly among the steerage passengers, who +should find themselves destitute when they landed. And there, in the +rain of that gloomy evening, they waited. + +At last they saw the _Carpathia_ come creeping up the river and head +towards the White Star pier. The flashlights of photographers were +playing about her, and with this silent salute she came into dock. +Gateways had been erected, shutting off the edge of the pier from the +sheds in which the crowd was waiting, and the first sight they had of +the rescued was when after the gangway had been rigged, and the brief +formalities of the shore complied with, the passengers began slowly to +come down the gangway. A famous English dramatist who was looking on at +the scene has written of it eloquently, describing the strange varieties +of bearing and demeanour; how one face had a startled, frightened look +that seemed as if it would always be there, another a set and staring +gaze; how one showed an angry, rebellious desperation, and another +seemed merely dazed. Some carried on stretchers, some supported by +nurses, and some handed down by members of the crew, they came, either +to meetings that were agonizing in their joy, or to blank loneliness +that would last until they died. Five or six babies without mothers, +some of them utterly unidentified and unidentifiable, were handed down +with the rest, so strangely preserved, in all their tenderness and +helplessness, through that terrible time of confusion and exposure. + +And in the minds of those who looked on at this sad procession there was +one tragic, recurrent thought: that for every one who came down the +gangway, ill perhaps, maimed perhaps, destitute perhaps, but alive and +on solid earth again, there were two either drifting in the slow Arctic +current, or lying in the great submarine valley to which the ship had +gone down. They were a poor remnant indeed of all that composite world +of pride, and strength, and riches; for Death winnows with a strange +fan, and although one would suit his purpose as well as another, he +often chooses the best and the strongest. There were card-sharpers, and +orphaned infants, and destitute consumptives among the saved; and there +were hundreds of heroes and strong men among the drowned. There were +among the saved those to whom death would have been no great enemy, who +had no love for life or ties to bind them to it; and there were those +among the drowned for whom life was at its very best and dearest; lovers +and workers in the very morning of life before whom the years had +stretched forward rich with promise. + +And when nearly all had gone and the crowd in the docks was melting +away, one man, who had until then remained secluded in the ship came +quietly out, haggard and stricken with woe: Bruce Ismay, the +representative and figure-head of that pride and power which had given +being to the _Titanic_. In a sense he bore on his own shoulders the +burden of every sufferer's grief and loss; and he bore it, not with +shame, for he had no cause for shame, but with reticence of words and +activity in such alleviating deeds as were possible, and with a dignity +which was proof against even the bitter injustice of which he was the +victim in the days that followed. There was pity enough in New York, +hysterical pity, sentimental pity, real pity, practical pity, for all +the obvious and patent distress of the bereaved and destitute; but there +was no pity for this man who, of all that ragged remnant that walked +back to life down the _Carpathia's_ gangway, had perhaps the most need +of pity. + + + + +XVII + + +The symbols of Honour and Glory and Time that looked so handsome in the +flooding sunlight of the _Titanic's_ stairway lie crushed into +unrecognizable shapes and splinters beneath the tonnage of two thousand +fathoms of ocean water. Time is no more for the fifteen hundred souls +who perished with them; but Honour and Glory, by strange ways and +unlooked-for events, have come into their own. It was not Time, nor the +creatures and things of Time, that received their final crown there; but +things that have nothing to do with Time, qualities that, in their power +of rising beyond all human limitations, we must needs call divine. + +The _Titanic_ was in more senses than one a fool's paradise. There is +nothing that man can build that nature cannot destroy, and far as he may +advance in might and knowledge and cunning, her blind strength will +always be more than his match. But men easily forget this; they wish to +forget it; and the beautiful and comfortable and agreeable equipment of +this ship helped them to forget it. You may cover the walls of a ship +with rare woods and upholster them with tapestries and brocades, but it +is the bare steel walls behind them on which you depend to keep out the +water; it is the strength of those walls, relatively to the strength of +such natural forces as may be arrayed against them, on which the safety +of the ship depends. If they are weaker than something which assails +them, the water must come in and the ship must sink. It was assumed too +readily that, in the case of the _Titanic_, these things could not +happen; it was assumed too readily that if in the extreme event they did +happen, the manifold appliances for saving life would be amply +sufficient for the security of the passengers. Thus they lived in a +serene confidence such as no ship's company ever enjoyed before, or will +enjoy again for a long time to come. And there were gathered about them +almost all those accessories of material life which are necessary to the +paradise of fools, and are extremely agreeable to wiser men. + +It was this perfect serenity of their condition which made so poignant +the tragedy of their sudden meeting with death--that pale angel whom +every man knows that he must some day encounter, but whom most of us +hope to find at the end of some road a very long way off waiting for us +with comforting and soothing hands. We do not expect to meet him +suddenly turning the corner of the street, or in an environment of +refined and elegant conviviality, or in the midst of our noonday +activities, or at midnight on the high seas when we are dreaming on +feather pillows. But it was thus that those on the _Titanic_ encountered +him, waiting there in the ice and the starlight, arresting the ship's +progress with his out-stretched arm, and standing by, waiting, while the +sense of his cold presence gradually sank like a frost into their +hearts. + +To say that all the men who died on the _Titanic_ were heroes would be +as absurd as to say that all who were saved were cowards. There were +heroes among both groups and cowards among both groups, as there must be +among any large number of men. It is the collective behaviour and the +general attitude towards disaster that is important at such a time; and +in this respect there is ample evidence that death scored no advantage +in the encounter, and that, though he took a spoil of bodies that had +been destined for him since the moment of their birth, he left the +hearts unconquered. In that last half-hour before the end, when every +one on the ship was under sentence of death, modern civilization went +through a severe test. By their bearing in that moment those fated men +and women had to determine whether, through the long years of peace and +increase of material comfort and withdrawal from contact with the cruder +elements of life, their race had deteriorated in courage and morale. It +is only by such great tests that we can determine how we stand in these +matters, and, as they periodically recur, measure our advance or +decline. And the human material there made the test a very severe one; +for there were people on the _Titanic_ who had so entrenched themselves +behind ramparts of wealth and influence as to have wellnigh forgotten +that, equally with the waif and the pauper, they were exposed to the +caprice of destiny; and who might have been forgiven if, in that awful +moment of realization, they had shown the white feather and given +themselves over to panic. But there is ample evidence that these men +stood the test equally as well as those whose occupation and training +made them familiar with the risks of the sea, to which they were +continually exposed, and through which they might reasonably expect to +come to just such an end. There was no theatrical heroism, no striking +of attitudes, or attempt to escape from the dread reality in any form of +spiritual hypnosis; they simply stood about the decks, smoking +cigarettes, talking to one another, and waiting for their hour to +strike. There is nothing so hard, nothing so entirely dignified, as to +be silent and quiet in the face of an approaching horror. + +That was one form of heroism, which will make the influence of this +thing deathless long after the memory of it has faded as completely from +the minds of men as sight or sign of it has faded from that area of +ocean where, two miles above the sunken ship, the rolling blue furrows +have smoothed away all trace of the struggles and agonies that +embittered it. But there was another heroism which must be regarded as +the final crown and glory of this catastrophe--not because it is +exceptional, for happily it is not, but because it continued and +confirmed a tradition of English sea life that should be a tingling +inspiration to everyone who has knowledge of it. The men who did the +work of the ship were no composite, highly drilled body like the men in +the navy who, isolated for months at a time and austerely disciplined, +are educated into an _esprit de corps_ and sense of responsibility that +make them willing, in moments of emergency, to sacrifice individual +safety to the honour of the ship and of the Service to which they +belong. These stokers, stewards, and seamen were the ordinary scratch +crew, signed on at Southampton for one round trip to New York and back; +most of them had never seen each other or their officers before; they +had none of the training or the securities afforded by a great national +service; they were simply--especially in the case of the stokers--men so +low in the community that they were able to live no pleasanter life than +that afforded by the stokehold of a ship--an inferno of darkness and +noise and commotion and insufferable heat--men whose experience of the +good things of life was half an hour's breathing of the open sea air +between their spells of labour at the furnaces, or a drunken spree +ashore whence, after being poisoned by cheap drink and robbed by joyless +women of the fruits of their spell of labour, they are obliged to return +to it again to find the means for another debauch. Not the stuff out of +which one would expect an austere heroism to be evolved. Yet such are +the traditions of the sea, such is the power of those traditions and the +spirit of those who interpret them, that some of these men--not all, but +some--remained down in the _Titanic's_ stokeholds long after she had +struck, and long after the water, pouring like a cataract through the +rent in her bottom and rising like a tide round the black holes where +they worked, had warned them that her doom, and probably theirs, was +sealed. + +In the engine-room were another group of heroes, men of a far higher +type, with fine intelligences, trained in all the subtleties and craft +of modern ships, men with education and imagination who could see in +their mind's eye all the variations of horror that might await them. +These men also continued at their routine tasks in the engine room, +knowing perfectly well that no power on earth could save them, choosing +to stay there while there was work to be done for the common good, their +best hope being presently to be drowned instead of being boiled or +scalded to death. All through the ship, though in less awful +circumstances, the same spirit was being observed; men who had duties to +do went on doing them because they were the kind of men to whom in such +an hour it came more easily to perform than to shirk their duties. The +three ship's boys spent the whole of that hour carrying provisions from +the store-room to the deck; the post-office employes worked in the +flooded mail-room below to save the mail-bags and carry them up to where +they might be taken off if there should be a chance; the purser and his +men brought up the ship's books and money, against all possibility of +its being any use to do so, but because it was their duty at such a time +to do so; the stewards were busy to the end with their domestic, and the +officers with their executive, duties. In all this we have an example of +spontaneous discipline--for they had never been drilled in doing these +things, they only knew that they had to do them--such as no barrack-room +discipline in the world could match. In such moments all artificial +bonds are useless. It is what men are in themselves that determines +their conduct; and discipline and conduct like this are proofs, not of +the superiority of one race over another, but that in the core of human +nature itself there is an abiding sweetness and soundness that fear +cannot embitter nor death corrupt. + + * * * * * + +The twin gray horses are still at their work in Belfast Lough, and on +any summer morning you may see their white manes shining like gold as +they escort you in from the sunrise and the open sea to where the smoke +rises and the din resounds. + +For the iron forest has branched again, and its dreadful groves are +echoing anew to the clamour of the hammers and the drills. Another ship, +greater and stronger even than the lost one, is rising within the +cathedral scaffoldings; and the men who build her, companions of those +whom the _Titanic_ spilled into the sea, speak among themselves and say, +"this time we shall prevail." + +_May 1912._ + + + + +A TABLE + +SHOWING THE LOSS OF LIFE ON THE _TITANIC_ + + + FIRST CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 173 58 115 34 + Women 144 139 5 97 + Children 5 5 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 322 202 120 63 + + + SECOND CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 160 13 147 8 + Women 93 78 15 84 + Children 24 24 0 100 + --- --- --- --- + Total 277 115 162 42 + + + THIRD CLASS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 454 55 399 12 + Women 179 98 81 55 + Children 76 23 53 30 + --- --- --- --- + Total 709 176 533 25 + + TOTAL PASSENGERS + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 787 126 661 16 + Women 416 315 101 76 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- --- --- + Total 1308 493 815 38 + + + CREW + + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 875 189 686 22 + Women 23 21 2 91 + --- --- --- --- + Total 898 210 688 23 + + + TOTAL PASSENGERS AND CREW + Per cent. + Carried. Saved. Lost. saved. + + Men 1662 315 1347 19 + Women 439 336 103 77 + Children 105 52 53 49 + ---- --- ---- --- + Total 2206 703 1503 32 + + + + + CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. + TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + + + +BY THE SAME AUTHOR + +CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY. + +With Frontispiece in colour by Norman Wilkinson. Portrait, Maps, +Illustrations, Appendices and a Note on the Navigation of Columbus's +First Voyage by the Earl of Dunraven, K.P. Large Post 8vo, cloth, gilt. +7_s._ 6_d._ net. (Third Edition.) + +Mr. Henry Vignaud, late Secretary of the American Embassy and +distinguished historian of Columbus, says: + +"_In this book the hero who discovered the New World is shown for the +first time as a living man.... A more true and lively picture of the +great discoverer than is contained in any other work._" + +"Mr. Filson Young has done nothing better ... there is not a dull page +in the seven hundred. His descriptions of visible things, of streets and +hills, and seas and men, are vivid in his accustomed manner. His +narrative is rich and marching, yet sufficiently precise.... For the +modern taste there is really nothing about Columbus to compare with Mr. +Young's for matter and style."--_The Morning Post._ + +"If these volumes do not bring the figure of Columbus into closer +relation with the mind of the present generation, it must be because +people simply do not care to learn about anything that lies a few yards +beyond their own thresholds. Our hope, however, is better; and we +imagine that there will be a wide public for a narrative so fresh and +spirited. + +"Mr. Filson Young tells his story, without turning to the right hand or +to the left, in a free and fluent fashion.... Very vigorous too are the +passages dealing with his voyages, for Mr. Filson Young has drunk deep +of the spirit of the sea and nowhere writes so well as in his account of +the seafarer's business in great waters.... The book abounds in +interludes of suggestive thought and clear, vigorous expression. But, +the book must be commended for the keen, eager spirit of its narrative +and the abounding interest of its romances. If all gleaners in the field +of history were as skilful as Mr. Young, we should not hear so much +about the dry-as-dust dullness of what ought to be always one of the +most fascinating forms of literary art." + +Mr. W. L. Courtney in _The Daily Telegraph_. + +"Mr. Young has given us an estimate of the man which is attractive and +poetical. His account of the four voyages to the Indies is a romance of +the sea.... His book is a book of colour and the spirit of adventure. We +delight in that vision of his which shows to others the world and the +sea and the strange 'Indias' very much as Columbus saw them, with his +keen eyes, four centuries ago."--_The Manchester Guardian._ + +"History clothed with a gracious humanity ... history that has reality +and life ... not a mere record of his acts, but a reconstruction of the +man who died four centuries ago, so that at the end of the book we feel +that we have known and spoken with Columbus.... Breathes interest from +every page."--_The Daily Chronicle._ + +"He writes with charm, with colour, and with humour ... very readable +and eloquent.... We can give but a little quotation to show Mr. Young's +eloquence, but we can assure the reader that he has many passages that +set one longing for the sea."--Mr. John Masefield in _The Tribune._ + +"It is almost impossible to do justice to the splendour and romance of +these two finely produced volumes.... 'Charity, truth, and justice,' +that is the meed Columbus has from Mr. Filson Young, whose book--austere, +dignified, stately--forms by far the most striking and vivid portrait of +the hero in our language."--_The Morning Leader._ + +"To write a new book on Columbus seems a daring project; so many folios +have already been dedicated to his life. Mr. Young has justified +himself; so many books on the Genoese sailor have been either +unexpectedly dull or painfully inaccurate. Mr. Young is neither; in a +style pleasant and lucid he has set before us with vigour the period and +the setting of these famous voyages. In his pages we can enter into the +feelings and aspirations of those Western seamen."--_The Pall Mall +Gazette._ + +GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. 7, CARLTON ST. LONDON, S.W. + + + + + THE GRANT RICHARDS BOOKS + BEING A COMPLETE CATALOGUE + OF THE BOOKS PUBLISHED BY + GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. + 7 CARLTON STREET + LONDON, S.W. + 1912 + + +7 Carlton Street, London, S.W. + +=Ade, George.= + +-- In Pastures New. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Androutsos, Chrestos.= + +-- The Validity of English Ordinations. Translated and Edited by F. W. +Groves Campbell, LL.D. Crown 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. net. + +=AEschylus.= + +-- The Agamemnon of AEschylus. Translated by Arthur Platt, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. +cloth, 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=AEsop.= + +-- AEsop's Fables. With many illustrations in colour and in black and +white by J. M. Conde. Medium 8vo. cloth, 5s. net. + +=Aflalo F. G.= + +-- The Call of the Sea: A Prose Anthology. With End-papers in colour by +William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. +net. + +=Aix.= + +-- The Adventures of a Nice Young Man. 6s. + +=Allen, Grant.= + +-- Evolution in Italian Art. With an introduction by J. W. Cruickshank. +Illustrated. Pott 4to. cloth gilt, 10s. 6d. net. + +-- Grant Allen's Historical Guides. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. Each 3s. 6d. net. + Paris. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Florence. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fifth Edition._ + Cities of Belgium. By Grant Allen. [_Third Edition._ + Venice. By Grant Allen. Illustrated. [_Fourth Edition._ + Cities of Northern Italy. By G. C. Williamson, D.L. [_Second + Edition._ + The Umbrian Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. + Classical Rome. By H. Stuart Jones. + Christian Rome. By J. W. Cruickshank. Illustrated. [_Second + Edition._ + Smaller Tuscan Towns. By J. W. Cruickshank. [_In preparation._ + +-- The Woman Who Did. New edition. With frontispiece by Frank Haviland. +3s. 6d. + +=Anon.= + +-- A Babe Unborn. 6s. + +=Anonymous.= + +-- The Future Prime Minister. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Applin, Arthur.= + +-- The Children of the Gutter. 6s. + +-- The Butcher of Bruton Street. With frontispiece in colour by Frank +Haviland. 6s. + +=Aristophanes.=--_See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Atkey, Bertram.= + +-- Easy Money. With 36 Illustrations by G. L. Stampa. 6s. + +-- Folk of the Wild: A Book of the Forests, the Moors and the Mountains, +of the Beasts of the Silent Places, their Lives, their Doings and their +Deaths. With 31 Illustrations by Harry Rountree. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Ault, Lena and Norman.= + +-- The Podgy Book of Tales. With 16 Illustrations in Colour and over 100 +in black and white. Demy 16mo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Barrington, Rutland.= + +-- Rutland Barrington: a Record of Thirty-five Years on the Stage. +Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- More Rutland Barrington. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. +6d. net. + +=Barzini, Luigi.= + +-- Pekin to Paris: An Account of Prince Borghese's Journey across two +Continents in a Motor Car. With an Introduction by Prince Borghese. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +=Bates, Katherine L.= + +-- From Gretna Green to Land's End. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. +7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Bax, Ernest Belfort.= + +-- The Last Episode of the French Revolution: Being a History of Gracchus +Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals. With Portrait. Cloth. Large +post 8vo. 5s. net. + +-- The Roots of Reality: Being Suggestions for a Philosophical +Reconstruction. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +-- Essays in Socialism. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. People's Edition +with additional Essays. With cover design by Walter Crane. Demy 8vo. +Sewed. 6d. + +=Baxter, Richard.= + +-- The Saints' Everlasting Rest. Edited by the Rev. William Young. With +portrait. Large post 8vo. Half-leather. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Bedford, F. D.= + +-- A Night of Wonders. Illustrated in Colours. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 3s. 6d. +net. + +=Bisgood, Mary.= + +-- Powder and Jam. With 32 Illustrations in Colour. Crown 8vo. oblong. +Cloth. 2s. net. + +=Blake, William.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Blyth, James.= + +-- The Same Clay. 6s.--Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Booth, Edward C.= + +-- The Doctor's Lass. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Cliff End. Illustrated. 6s. [_Fourth Edition._ + +=Braithwaite, W. S.= + +-- The Book of Georgian Verse. 1300 pages. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. +net. + +=Browne, Sir Thomas.= + +-- Religio Medici, Urn Burial and an Essay on Dreams. With Frontispiece. +Pott 8vo. Leather gilt, 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Bruce, H. Addington.= + +-- The Riddle of Personality. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Burgess, Gelett.= + +-- The Heart Line. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burland, Harris.= + +-- The Broken Law. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Black Motor Car. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Burroughs, D.= + +-- Jack the Giant-killer, Junior. With 11 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Cain, Georges.= + +-- Nooks and Corners of Old Paris. Translated by Frederick Lawton. +Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Caldbeck, Major Roper.= + +-- The Nation and the Army. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6_d._ net. + +=Campbell, F. W. Groves.= + +-- Apollonius of Tyana. With an Introduction by Ernest Oldmeadow. Crown +8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- _See also under_ Androutsos, Chrestos. + +=Carmichael, Philip.= + +-- The Man from the Moon. With 8 Illustrations in Colour and many in +Black-and-White by Frank Watkins. Pott 4to. Cloth. 6s. + +=Casson, Herbert N.= + +-- The Romance of Steel: The Story of a Thousand Millionaires. +Illustrated. Medium 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6_d._ net. + +=Castle, Tudor Ralph.= + +-- The Gentle Shepherd. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Cawein, Madison.= + +-- New Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Half parchment. 5s. net. + +=CHAPBOOKS, THE.= Royal 32mo. Lambskin gilt, each 2s. 6d. net. + I. Lyrists of the Restoration. + II. Essays Moral and Polite. + III. The Poems of Herrick. + IV. Lyrics of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont & Fletcher. + +=Chatterton, Thomas.= _See under_ Russell, Charles Edward. + +=Chaucer, Geoffrey.= + +-- The Canterbury Tales. Told by Percy Mackaye. With Illustrations in +Colour by W. Appleton Clark. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Chester, George Randolph.= + +-- Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. 6s. + +=Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The. + +=Consule Planco=: Being Reflections of an Etonian of that Period. Fcap. +8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Copping, Arthur E.= + +-- Gotty and the Guv'nor: A True Narrative of Gotty's Doings Ashore and +Afloat, with an Account of his Voyage of Discovery on a Shrimping Bawley +in the English Channel. With 24 Illustrations by Will Owen. 6s. [_Out of +print._ + +=Cornford, L. Cope.= + +-- Parson Brand. 6s. + +-- The Canker at the Heart: Being Studies in the Life of the Poor in the +Year of Grace 1905. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- The Defenceless Islands: A Study of the Social and Industrial +Conditions of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Effect upon them of +an Outbreak of a Maritime War. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Cottingham, H.= + +-- Business Success. Royal 16mo. Cloth, 1s. net. Sewed, 6d. net + +=Cruickshank, J. W.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Curties, Henry.= + +-- Renee. 6s. + +=Dampier, Captain William.= + +-- The Voyages of Captain William Dampier. Edited by John Masefield. +Illustrated. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net. Limited to 1000 copies. +[_Out of print._ + +=Danrit, Captain.= + +-- The Sunken Submarine. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. [_In +preparation._ + +=Davidson, John.= + +-- The Testament of John Davidson. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- Fleet Street and other Poems. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- Mammon and his Message. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- The Triumph of Mammon. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- The Theatrocrat: A Tragic Play of Church and Stage. Crown 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Holiday and Other Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Davis, Colonel Newnham.= + +-- The Gourmet's Guide to Europe. Third Edition, revised. Fcap. 8vo. +Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- The Gourmet's Guide to London. [_In preparation._ + +=Dawson, A. J.= + +-- The Message. 6s.--Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed 1s. net. [_Fourth +Edition._ + +-- The Genteel A. B. With 4 Illustrations in Colour by W. Ralston. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- Finn the Wolfhound. With 16 full-page and 36 other Illustrations by R. +H. Buxton. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +=Dawson, Mrs. Frederick.= -- The Upper Hand. 6s. + +=Delacombe, Harry.= + +-- The Boys' Book of Airships. Fully Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. +6s. + +=De Windt, Harry.= + +-- My Restless Life. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth, gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. + +=Dole, Nathan Haskell.= + +-- The Russian Fairy Book. With Illustrations in Colour. Medium 8vo. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Douglas, James.= + +-- The Unpardonable Sin. With Frontispiece in Colour by Frank Haviland. +6s. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Duncan, Stanley.= + +-- The Complete Wild-fowler Ashore and Afloat. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +=Durand, R. A.= + +-- Oxford: its Buildings and Gardens. With 32 Reproductions from Drawings +in Colour by W. A. Wildman. Large post 4to. Cloth gilt. 21s. net Edition +de luxe, limited to 100 copies, 42s. net. + +=Duret, Theodore.= + +-- Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by J. E. Crawford +Flitch, M.A. Illustrated with Etchings and Wood Engravings, and with 32 +Reproductions in half-tone. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=ELIZABETHAN CLASSICS, THE.= + +-- The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. The Famous Flowered +Contemporary Version of John Florio. With an Introduction by Thomas +Seccombe. Edition limited to 1150 numbered copies for sale in England +and America. With Portraits. 3 vols. Extra demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. 31s. +6d. net. + +=Enock, C. Reginald, F.R.G.S.= + +-- The Great Pacific Coast. With 64 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt. 16s. net. + +-- An Imperial Commonwealth. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Flitch, J. E. Crawford, M.A.= + +-- Mediterranean Moods: Footnotes of Travel in the Islands of Mallorca, +Menorca, Ibiza, and Sardinia. With Frontispiece in Colour and 32 +Illustrations in black and white. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Fyfe, H. C.= + +-- Submarine Warfare: Past, Present, and Future. Illustrated. Second +Edition. Revised by John Leyland. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Galsworthy, John.= + +-- A Commentary. 3s. 6d. + +=Garvey, Ina.= + +-- A Comedy of Mammon. 6s. + +=Gibbs, Philip.= + +-- The Individualist. 6s. + +=Godfrey, Elizabeth.= + +-- Heidelberg: Its Princes and Its Palaces. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Godfrey-Faussett, Mabel.= + +-- The Dual Heritage. 6s. + +=GRANT RICHARDS'S NURSERY LIBRARY.= + I. Peter Pixie. By A. Thorburn. Illustrated. Fcap. 16mo. Cloth. + 1s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Gretton, R. H.= + +-- Ingram. 6s. + +=Grimm.= + +-- Grimm's Fairy Tales. Selected and retold by Githa Sowerby. With twelve +Illustrations in Colour, and many in black and white, by Millicent +Sowerby. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Hamilton, Clayton.= + +-- The Theory of the Theatre. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. + +-- Materials and Methods of Fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +=Hart, George Henry.=--_See under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Hart, W. C.= + +-- Confessions of an Anarchist. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. +net. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net. + +=Hawker, C. E.= + +-- Chats about Wine. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Henland, Cecil.= + +-- The Christmas Book: Lest We Forget. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. Cloth, 1s. net. +Leather, 2s. net. + +=Henshall, James A.= + +-- Favourite Fish and Fishing. With 37 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +3s. 6d. net. + +=Her Brother's Letters.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +=Hodder, Reginald.= _See under_ Turner, Edgar. + +=Housman, A. E.= + +-- D. Junii Juvenalis Saturae. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +-- M. Manilii Astronomicon I. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net. + +-- A Shropshire Lad. New edition. With 8 Illustrations in Colour by +William Hyde. Large post 8vo. Buckram gilt, 6s. net. Persian yapp, gilt, +7s. 6d. net. Limited Edition on Arnold hand-made paper. Fcap. 8vo. cloth +gilt, 2s. 6d. net. Also in royal 32mo. Persian yapp, 1s. 6d. net. +Leather, 1s. net. Cloth, 6d. net. + +=Howden, J. R.= + +-- The Boys' Book of Railways. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. + +-- The Boys' Book of Steamships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- The Boys' Book of Locomotives. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +-- The Boys' Book of Warships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. +[_In preparation._ + +=Hudson, C. B.= + +-- The Crimson Conquest. 6s. + +=Hume, Major Martin.= + +-- Queens of Old Spain. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 15s. net. + +-- Through Portugal. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Ibsen.= _See under_ Macfall, Haldane. + +=Irving, Washington.= + +-- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. With illustrations in colour by Arthur I. +Keller. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Jackson, Holbrook.= + +-- Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. +net. + +-- Bernard Shaw. Illustrated. Small crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. Cheap +edition, crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. + +-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame Series. + +=Jarrott, Charles.= + +-- Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 12s. 6d. net. + +=Job, Herbert R.= + +-- The Sport of Bird Study. Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Jones, P. F.= + +-- Shamrock Land. With 48 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. +net. + +=Jones, Stuart H.=--_See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical Guides. + +=Kephart, Horace.= + +-- The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. +4s. net. + +=Kerr, Joe.= + +-- Mister Sharptooth. Illustrated in colour by R. H. Porteus. Crown 4to. +Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +='Kottabos.'= + +-- Echoes from Kottabos. Edited by R. Y. Tyrell, Litt.D., LL.D., and Sir +Edward Sullivan, Bart. Pott 4to. Half buckram gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out +of print._ + +=Lawton, Frederick.= + +-- The Third French Republic. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ +6_d._ net. + +-- Balzac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ 6_d._ net. + +-- _See also under_ Cain, Georges, and Masters of Art Series. + +=Lawton, Lancelot.= + +-- Empires of the Far East: A Study of Japan and its Possessions, of +China, Manchuria, and Korea, and of the Political Questions of Eastern +Asia and the Pacific. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, with Maps. +24_s._ net. [_In preparation._ + +-- The Japanese Spy. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +=Leblanc, Maurice.= + +-- Arsene Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. Translated by A. Teixeira de +Mattos. 6_s._ + +=Lee, Gerald Stanley.= + +-- Inspired Millionaires: A Story of the Professional Point of View in +Business. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Lee, Vernon.=--_See under_ Omar Series, The. + +=Lefevre, Felicite.= + +-- The Cock, the Mouse, and the Little Red Hen. With 24 full-page +pictures in colour by Tony Sarg. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Le Gallienne, Richard.= + +-- Omar Repentant. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 2s. net. + +=Level, Maurice.= + +-- The Grip of Fear. 6s. + +=Leverson, Ada.= + +-- The Limit. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- Love's Shadow. With frontispiece in Colour. 6s. + +-- The Twelfth Hour. With Frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Second Edition._ + +=Longfellow.= + +-- The Courtship of Miles Standish. Illustrated in colours by H. C. +Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Evangeline. Illustrated in colours by H. C. Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth +gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Hiawatha. With sixty-eight pictures in colour and in black-and-white +by Harrison Fisher. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=McCormick, Frederick.= + +-- The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. With reproductions of drawings +by the author, photographs, and maps. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 21s. net. + +=McCutcheon, G. B.= + +-- Jane Cable. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- Nedra. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Macfall, Haldane.= + +-- Ibsen: His Life, Art, and Significance. Illustrated by Joseph Simpson. +Imperial 16mo. 5s. net. + +=Machen, Arthur.= + +-- The Hill of Dreams. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +-- The House of Souls. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s. + +=McLaren, Lady.= + +-- The Women's Charter of Rights and Liberties. Crown 8vo. Paper covers. +6d. net. + +=Malcolm, Ian.= + +-- Indian Pictures and Problems. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. +6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Masefield, John.= + +-- Multitude and Solitude. 6s. + +-- Captain Margaret. 6s. + +-- A Tarpaulin Muster. 3s. 6d. [_Out of print._ + +-- The Tragedy of Nan, &c. Large post 8vo. Paper boards. 3s. 6d. net. +Cheap Edition. Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. net. [_Second Edition._ + +-- _See also under_ Dampier, Captain William. + +=Mauzens, Frederic.= + +-- The Living Strong Box. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Mason, Stuart.= _See under_ Wilde, Oscar. + +=Maxwell, Gerald.= + +-- The Miracle Worker. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. +[_Out of print._ + +=Meredith, George.= _See under_ Hammerton, J. A. + +=Moore, R. Hudson.= + +-- Children of Other Days. Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth. 4s. 6d. net. +[_Out of print._ + +=Murray, Kate.= + +-- The Blue Star. 6s. + +=MASTERS OF ART SERIES.= Illustrated. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3_s._ +6_d._ net. Lambskin gilt, each 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + I. G. F. Watts: A Biography and an Estimate. By J. E. Phythian. + [_Third Edition._ + II. Rodin. By Fredk. Lawton. + III. Burne-Jones. By J. E. Phythian. + IV. Rossetti. By Frank Rutter. + V. Turner. By J. E. Phythian. + VI. Whistler. By Frank Rutter. + +=Montaigne, Michael Lord of.= _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, +The. + +=Napoleon.= + +-- The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon's Life in his own Words. Large post +8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Oldmeadow, Ernest.= + +-- Portugal. With 32 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. +[_In preparation._ + +-- Day. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. + +-- Antonio. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- Aunt Maud. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- The Scoundrel. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s. + +-- Susan. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.--Cheap +Edition. Crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +-- The North Sea Bubble: A Fantasia. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame, The. + +=Olmsted, Millicent.= + +-- The Land of Never Was. With 12 illustrations in colour. Fcap. 4to. +Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=OMAR SERIES, THE.=--Royal 32mo. persian yapp gilt, each 1s. 6d. net; +leather gilt, 1s. net; cloth gilt, 6d. net. + +-- The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. + +-- A Shropshire Lad. By A. E. Housman. + +-- Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti. + +-- The Song of Songs. + +-- Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child. By Vernon Lee. + +-- English Nature Poems: An Anthology. + +-- In Memoriam. By Alfred Lord Tennyson. + +-- Love Poems of Herrick: A Selection. + +-- Everyman. A Morality Play. [_In preparation._ + +=Phythian, J. E.= + +-- Fifty Years of Modern Painting: Corot to Sargent. Illustrated. Crown +8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. + +-- _See also under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Purdie, Mrs.= + +-- Letters from a Grandmother. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 2s. +6d. + +=Ravenhill, Alice, and Catherine J. Schiff.= + +-- Household Administration: its Place in the Higher Education of Women. +Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +='Rector and the Rubrics, The.'= By the Author of 'When it was Light.' +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. Sewed, 1s. net. + +=Richards, Herbert, M.A.= + +-- Platonica. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +-- Aristophanes and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net. + +-- Notes on Xenophon and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Richardson, Frank.= + +-- Love, and Extras. 6s. + +=Russell, Charles Edward.= + +-- Thomas Chatterton: The Story of a Strange Life, 1752-1770. +Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. + +=Russell, G. W. E.= + +-- A Pocketful of Sixpences: A Collection of Essays and Reminiscences. +Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Seeing and Hearing. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +-- Some Threepenny Bits. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of +print._ + +=Rutter, Frank.= + +-- _See under_ Masters of Art Series. + +=Saleeby, C. W., M.D.= + +-- Health, Strength and Happiness: a Book of Practical Advice. Crown 8vo. +Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Scarfoglio, Antonio.= + +-- Round the World in a Motor-car. With over 70 illustrations. Demy 8vo. +Cloth gilt 15s. net. + +=Schiff, Catherine J.= _See under_ Ravenhill, Alice. + +=Scott, A. MacCallum.= + +-- Through Finland to St. Petersburg. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. +6d. net. + +=Scott, John Reed.= + +-- Beatrix of Clare. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Colonel of the Red Huzzars. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Scott, Sir Walter.= + +-- Sir Walter Scott. Letters Written by Members of his Family to an Old +Governess. With an Introduction and Notes by the Warden of Wadham +College. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Seccombe, Thomas.= + +-- _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, The. + +=Sedgwick, S. N.= + +-- The Last Persecution. 6s. + +=Shaw, Bernard.= _See under_ Jackson, Holbrook. + +=Shelley, H. C.= + +-- Literary By-paths of Old England. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. +12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Smith, Miriam.= + +-- Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Sickert, Robert.= + +-- The Bird in Song. With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3s. 6d. +net. Lambskin, gilt, 3s. 6d. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net. + +=Smith, Wellen.= + +-- Psyche and Soma: A Drama. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Sowerby, Githa and Millicent.= + +-- _See under_ Grimm's Fairy Tales. + +=Sterling, Mary B.= + +-- The Story of Sir Galahad. With 7 illustrations in colour by W. E. +Chapman. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net. + +=Stone, John.= + +-- Great Kleopatra: A Tragedy in Three Acts. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 3s. +6d. net. + +=Stonham, Charles, C.M.G., F.R.C.S.= + +-- The Birds of the British Islands. With over 300 Photogravures by L. M. +Medland, F.Z.S. Complete in twenty parts. Royal 4to. 7s. 6d. net each. +Five volumes: Buckram gilt, 36s. net each. Half vellum, gilt, 42s. net +each. Half seal, gilt, 45s. net each. + +=Swan, Mark E.= + +-- Top o' the World. With 6 illustrations in colour and many in black and +white by Hy. Mayer. Pott 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=TEMPLE OF FAME, THE.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. Each 3s. 6d. +net. + I. Great Musicians. By Ernest Oldmeadow. + II. Great English Poets. By Julian Hill. + III. Great English Novelists. By Holbrook Jackson. + IV. Great English Painters. By Francis Downman. + V. Great Soldiers. By George Henry Hart. + +=Thomas, Edward.= + +-- The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air. With End-papers +in Colour by William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=Thomas, Rose Haig.= + +-- The Doll's Diary. With 24 illustrations by John Hassall. Crown 4to. +5s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Thorburn, A.= + +-- _See under_ Grant Richards's Nursery Library. + +=Thorne, Guy.= _See under_ Duncan, Stanley. + +=Troly-Curtin, Marthe.= + +-- Phrynette and London. 6s. [_Third Edition._ + +=Troubetskoy, Prince Pierre.= + +-- The Passer-By. 6s. + +=Tweedale, Rev. C. L.= + +-- Man's Survival after Death. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +=Tyler, Royall.= + +-- Spain: A Study of her Life and Arts. With 130 Illustrations in +half-tone. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net [_Out of print._ + +=Trafford-Taunton, Winefride.= + +-- Igdrasil 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Turner, Edgar, and Reginald Hodder.= + +-- The Armada Gold. 6s. + +=Vance, Louis J.= + +-- The Bronze Bell. 6s. + +-- The Black Bag. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Brass Bowl. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- The Private War. Illustrated. 6s. + +-- Terence O'Rourke. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +-- The Pool of Flame. 6s. + +-- Marrying Money. 6s. + +=VENETIAN SERIES, THE.= Crown 16mo. Bound in cloth or in Venetian paper. +6d. net each. + I. A Cypress Grove. By William Drummond of Hawthornden. + II. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. By William Blake. + III. The Ancient Mariner. By Samuel Taylor Coleridge. + +=Verne, Jules.= + +-- The Chase of the Golden Meteor. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. +5s. + +=Waistcoat Pocket Guides, The= With Plans. Royal 64mo. Limp Cloth. 1s. 6d. +net. + +I. Paris. By Leonard Williams. + +=Waters, W. G.= + +-- Traveller's Joy: An Anthology. With End-papers in colour by William +Hyde. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net. [_Second +Edition._ + +=Webb, Wilfred Mark.= + +-- The Heritage of Dress: Being Notes on the History and Evolution of +Clothes. With over 150 Illustrations by W. J. Webb. Medium 8vo. Cloth +gilt. 15s. net. [_Out of print._ + +=Weitenkampf, Frank.= + +-- How to Appreciate Prints. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d. +net. [_Out of print._ + +=Williamson, G. C.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical +Guides. + +=Withers, Percy, M.B., B.S.= + +-- Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. With 32 Reproductions from Photographs. +Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. + +-- A Garland of Childhood. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, +in box, 5s. net. + +=White, W. Holt.= + +-- The Earthquake: A Romance of London. 6s. Cheap Edition, crown 8vo. +sewed, 1s. net. + +=Whitelock, W. Wallace.= + +-- When Kings go Forth to Battle. Illustrated. 6s. + +=Williams, E. Baumer.= + +-- England's Story for Children. With Illustrations in Colour and +Black-and-White by Norman Ault. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. + +=Williams, Leonard.= _See under_ Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + +=Wilson, W. Lawler.= + +-- The Menace of Socialism. With Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s. net. + +=Wood, Montagu.= + +-- A Tangled I. 6s. + +=Wright, W. P.= + +-- The Garden Week by Week throughout the Year. With 100 practical +illustrations, and many others in colour and in black and white. Large +post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Perfect Garden: How to Keep it Beautiful and Fruitful, with +Practical Hints on Economical Management and the Culture of all the +Principal Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. With six illustrations in +Colour and many in black and white. Large post 8vo. 6s. net [_Third +Edition._ + +-- Popular Garden Flowers. With six illustrations in Colour and many in +black and white. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. + +=Wyndham, Horace.= + +-- Roses and Rue. 6s. + +-- The Flare of the Footlights. Cheap edition, 1s. net. + +-- Audrey the Actress. With frontispiece. 6s. [_Out of print._ + +=Xenophon.= _See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A. + +=Young, Filson.= + +-- Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery. Illustrated. +With a Chapter by the Earl of Dunraven. Two vols. Demy 8vo. Buckram +gilt. 25s. net. [_Out of print._ + +-- Venus and Cupid: An Impression in Prose after Velasquez in Colour. +Edition limited to 339 copies for sale in Great Britain; printed on +Arnold Hand-made paper, with a Photogravure Reproduction of the Rokeby +Venus. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net. Also 11 copies on Japanese vellum at L2 +2s. net (of which 3 remain). + +-- The Sands of Pleasure. With frontispiece in colour by R. J. Pannett. +6s. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. sewed, with cover design by R. J. Pannett, +1s. net. [_Seventy-fifth Thousand._ + +-- When the Tide Turns. 6s. [_Second Edition._ + +-- The Wagner Stories. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. +net. [_Fourth Edition._ + +-- Mastersingers. New Edition. Revised and Enlarged. With portrait. Large +post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- More Mastersingers. With frontispiece. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or +cloth gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Memory Harbour: Essays chiefly in Description. Imperial 16mo. Buckram +gilt. 5s. net. + +-- Ireland at the Cross Roads. New Edition. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. +6d. net. + +-- The Happy Motorist: An Introduction to the Use and Enjoyment of the +Motor Car. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net. + +-- The Lover's Hours. Fcap. 4to. 2s. 6d. net. + +=Young, Rev. William.= _See under_ Baxter, Richard. + + + + + +INDEX OF PRICES + + +=L11 5s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.) Half seal gilt. + + +=L10 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Half vellum gilt. + + +=L9 net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Buckram gilt. + + +=L7 10s. net.= + The Birds of the British Islands (in Twenty Parts). + + +=L2 2s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + Venus and Cupid. Jap. Vellum. + + +=L1 11s. 6d. net.= + The Essays of Michael Lord of Montaigne. (Three Vols.) + + +=L1 5s. net.= + Christopher Columbus (Two Vols.) + Voyages of Captain William Dampier (Two Vols.). + + +=L1 4s. net.= + Empires of the Far East. (Two Vols.) + + +=L1 1s. net.= + Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens. + The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. (Two Vols.) + + +=16s. net.= + The Great Pacific Coast. + Pekin to Paris. + + +=15s. net.= + Round the World in a Motor Car. + The Complete Wild-fowler. + Queens of Old Spain. + + +=12s. 6d. net.= + Mediterranean Moods. + Manet and the French Impressionists. + The Third French Republic. + Balzac. + Venus and Cupid. + Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. + + +=10s. 6d. net.= + Evolution in Italian Art. + Shamrock Land. + Portugal. + The Romance of Steel. + + +=7s. 6d. net.= + More Rutland Barrington. + The Corsican. + My Restless Life. + A Shropshire Lad (yapp). + Thomas Chatterton. + Hiawatha. + The Saints' Everlasting Rest. + Submarine Warfare. + + +=7s. net.= + Aristophanes and Others. + Platonica. + + +=6s. net.= + The Menace of Socialism. + Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. + Health, Strength, and Happiness. + A Shropshire Lad (buckram). + Grimm's Fairy Tales. + Garden Week by Week. + The Book of Georgian Verse. + Finn the Wolfhound. + Man's Survival after Death. + Notes on Xenophon and Others. + The Perfect Garden. + Popular Garden Flowers. + + +=6s.= + Ingram. + Day. + Love, and Extras. + Phrynette and London. + Marrying Money. + The Doctor's Lass. + Adventures of a Nice Young Man. + The Children of the Gutter. + Easy Money. + The Man from the Moon. + A Babe Unborn. + Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. + Renee. + The Upper Hand. + The Boys' Book of Airships. + The Boys' Book of Railways. + The Boys' Book of Steamships. + The Boy's Book of Locomotives. + The Boys' Book of Warships. + The Crimson Conquest. + Arsene Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. + The Grip of Fear. + The Limit. + The Living Strong Box. + Multitude and Solitude. + Antonio. + The Last Persecution. + The Passer-By. + The Bronze Bell. + The Cliff End. + The Heart Line. + The Dual Heritage. + The Individualist. + The Japanese Spy. + Love's Shadow. + Captain Margaret. + Aunt Maud. + Beatrix of Clare. + The Armada Gold. + The Black Bag. + When Kings go forth to Battle. + Roses and Rue. + When the Tide Turns. + The Scoundrel. + The Unpardonable Sin. + The Genteel A. B. + The Brass Bowl. + The Sands of Pleasure. + Susan. + The Message. + The Twelfth Hour. + The Hill of Dreams. + The House of Souls. + The Blue Star. + The Miracle Worker. + The Private War. + The Broken Law. + The Earthquake. + Parson Brand. + The Same Clay. + The Pool of Flame. + The Black Motor Car. + A Tangled I. + In Pastures New. + The Butcher of Bruton Street. + A Comedy of Mammon. + + +=5s. net.= + More Mastersingers. + The Last Episode of the French Revolution. + The Theory of the Theatre. + Household Administration. + A Garland of Childhood. + AEsop's Fables. + The Riddle of Personality. + Cawein's New Poems. + Fleet Street and other Poems. + Materials and Methods of Fiction. + The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. + The Story of Sir Galahad. + Memory Harbour. + The Call of the Sea (persian yapp). + Bernard Shaw. + The Wagner Stories (leather and cloth). + Mastersingers (leather and cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (persian yapp). + Traveller's Joy (persian yapp.) + Mammon and his Message. + The Triumph of Mammon. + The Theatrocrat. + Essays in Socialism. + Ibsen. + The Gourmet's Guide to Europe. + + +=5s.= + The Sunken Submarine. + The Chase of the Golden Meteor. + + +=4s. 6d. net.= + D. Junii Juvenalis Saturae. + M. Manilii Astronomicon I. + + +=4s. net.= + The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. + The Call of the Sea (cloth). + The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (cloth). + Traveller's Joy (cloth). + + +=3s. 6d. net.= + Great Kleopatra. + Romance and Reality. + An Imperial Commonwealth. + Inspired Millionaires. + Fifty Years of Modern Painting. + Apollonius of Tyana. + The Validity of English Ordinations. + Jack the Giant Killer, Junior. + Testament of John Davidson. + Favourite Fish and Fishing. + The Tragedy of Nan. + The Land of Never Was. + Top o' the World. + England's Story for Children. + Great Musicians. + Great English Poets. + Great English Novelists. + Great English Painters. + Great Soldiers. + Her Brother's Letters. + Ireland at the Cross Roads. + Grant Allen's Historical Guides. + Holiday and Other Poems. + The Happy Motorist. + The Canker at the Heart. + Psyche and Soma. + A Night of Wonders. + The Bird in Song (leather). + + +=3s. 6d.= + A Commentary. + The Woman Who Did. + + +=3s. net.= + Burne-Jones (leather). + Rodin (leather). + G. F. Watts (leather). + Rossetti (leather). + Turner (leather). + Whistler (leather). + Religio Medici (leather). + + +=2s. 6d. net.= + The Nation and the Army. + The Agamemnon of AEschylus. + Mister Sharptooth. + Consule Planco. + Poems by Miriam Smith. + Through Finland. + The Lover's Hours. + The Chapbooks (leather). + Through Portugal. + The Defenceless Islands. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + A Shropshire Lad (hand-made paper). + The Future Prime Minister. + Chats about Wine. + + +=2s. 6d.= + Letters from a Grandmother. + + +=2s. net.= + Powder and Jam. + Omar Repentant. + Burne-Jones (cloth). + Rodin (cloth). + G. F. Watts (cloth). + Rossetti (cloth). + Turner (cloth). + Whistler (cloth). + The Bird in Song (cloth). + The Christmas Book (leather). + Religio Medici (cloth). + + +=1s. 6d. net.= + The Tragedy of Nan (sewed). + Waistcoat Pocket Guides. + The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Persian yapp). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (Persian yapp). + The Song of Songs (persian yapp). + Sister Benvenuta (persian yapp). + A Shropshire Lad (persian yapp). + English Nature Poems (persian yapp). + In Memoriam (persian yapp). + Love Poems of Herrick (persian yapp). + Everyman (persian yapp). + + +=1s. net.= + The Unpardonable Sin. + Confessions of an Anarchist. + Susan (sewed). + Flare of the Footlights (sewed). + The Sands of Pleasure (sewed). + The Same Clay (sewed). + Business Success (cloth). + The Message (sewed). + Bernard Shaw (sewed). + The Rector and the Rubrics. + The Earthquake (sewed). + Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (leather). + Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (leather). + The Song of Songs (leather). + Sister Benvenuta (leather). + A Shropshire Lad (leather). + English Nature Poems (leather). + In Memoriam (leather). + Love Poems of Herrick (leather). + Everyman (leather). + The Christmas Book (cloth). + + +=6d. net.= + Business Success (sewed). + Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (cloth). + The Song of Songs (cloth). + The Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (cloth). + Sister Benvenuta (cloth). + A Shropshire Lad (cloth). + English Nature Poems (cloth). + In Memoriam (cloth). + Love Poems of Herrick (cloth). + Everyman (cloth). + The Venetian Series. + The Woman's Charter of Rights and Liberties. + + +=6d.= + Essays in Socialism. + + +_London: Strangeways, Printers._ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC *** + +***** This file should be named 31992.txt or 31992.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/9/31992/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/31992.zip b/31992.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e44b2b --- /dev/null +++ b/31992.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc37880 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #31992 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31992) |
