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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth,
+Volume IV (of 8), by William Wordsworth, Edited by William Knight
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Volume IV (of 8)
+
+
+Author: William Wordsworth
+
+Editor: William Knight
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2010  [eBook #32459]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM
+WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Christine Aldridge, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+   1. Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
+
+   2. Text in Gothic Font other than Fraktur is enclosed by
+      equal signs (=Gothic font=).
+
+   3. Text in gesperrt (s p a c e d) is enclosed by tildes
+      (~g e s p e r r t~).
+
+   4. Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.
+
+   5. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter
+      ends. Other notes about variants and footnotes are located
+      at the end of this text.
+
+   6. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and
+      numbered by the printer at 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.
+
+   7. Spelling inconsistencies have been retained, a list appears
+      at the end of this text, together with printers error
+      corrections.
+
+   8. The [oe] ligature appears in the original text in the words:
+      Phoebus,Boeotia and manoeuvres, and has been removed from
+      this e-text.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
+
+Edited by
+
+WILLIAM KNIGHT
+
+VOL. IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[ILLUSTRATION]
+
+
+=London=
+Macmillan and Co., Ltd.
+New York: Macmillan & Co.
+1896
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                    1806
+
+                                                                 PAGE
+    To the Spade of a Friend                                        2
+
+    Character of the Happy Warrior                                  7
+
+    The Horn of Egremont Castle                                    12
+
+    A Complaint                                                    17
+
+    Stray Pleasures                                                18
+
+    Power of Music                                                 20
+
+    Star-gazers                                                    22
+
+    "Yes, it was the mountain Echo"                                25
+
+    "Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room"                 27
+
+    Personal Talk                                                  30
+
+    Admonition                                                     34
+
+    "'Beloved Vale!' I said, 'when I shall con'"                   35
+
+    "How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks"                     36
+
+    "Those words were uttered as in pensive mood"                  37
+
+    "With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky"            38
+
+    "The world is too much with us; late and soon"                 39
+
+    "With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh"                40
+
+    "Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?"               41
+
+    To Sleep                                                       42
+
+    To Sleep                                                       43
+
+    To Sleep                                                       43
+
+    To the Memory of Raisley Calvert                               44
+
+    "Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne"                    46
+
+    Lines composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening,
+      after a stormy day, the Author having just read
+      in a Newspaper that the dissolution of Mr. Fox was
+      hourly expected                                              47
+
+    November, 1806                                                 49
+
+    Address to a Child                                             50
+
+    "Brook! whose society the Poet seeks"                          52
+
+    "There is a little unpretending Rill"                          53
+
+
+                                    1807
+
+    To Lady Beaumont                                               57
+
+    A Prophecy. February, 1807                                     59
+
+    Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland          60
+
+    To Thomas Clarkson, on the final passing of the Bill for
+      the Abolition of the Slave Trade, March, 1807                62
+
+    The Mother's Return                                            63
+
+    Gipsies                                                        65
+
+    "O Nightingale! thou surely art"                               67
+
+    "Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near"              68
+
+    Composed by the side of Grasmere Lake. 1807                    73
+
+    In the Grounds of Coleorton, the Seat of Sir George
+      Beaumont, Bart., Leicestershire                              74
+
+    In a Garden of the same                                        76
+
+    Written at the request of Sir George Beaumont, Bart.,
+      and in his name, for an Urn, placed by him at the
+      termination of a newly-planted Avenue in the same
+      Grounds                                                      78
+
+    For a Seat in the Groves of Coleorton                          80
+
+    Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle                           82
+
+
+                                    1808
+
+    The White Doe of Rylstone                                     100
+
+    The Force of Prayer                                           204
+
+    Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a
+      Tract, occasioned by the Convention of Cintra. 1808         210
+
+    Composed at the same time and on the same occasion            211
+
+
+                                    1809
+
+    Tyrolese Sonnets--
+
+      Hoffer                                                      213
+
+      "Advance--come forth from thy Tyrolean ground"              214
+
+      Feelings of the Tyrolese                                    215
+
+      "Alas! what boots the long laborious quest"                 216
+
+      On the final Submission of the Tyrolese                     217
+
+      "The martial courage of a day is vain"                      217
+
+    "And is it among rude untutored Dales"                        222
+
+    "O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain"               223
+
+    "Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye"                           224
+
+    "Say, what is Honour?--'Tis the finest sense"                 225
+
+    "Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight"           226
+
+    "Call not the royal Swede unfortunate"                        227
+
+    "Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid"                   228
+
+    "Is there a power that can sustain and cheer"                 228
+
+    Epitaphs translated from Chiabrera--
+
+      "Weep not, belovèd Friends! nor let the air"                230
+
+      "Perhaps some needful service of the State"                 230
+
+      "O Thou who movest onward with a mind"                      231
+
+      "There never breathed a man who, when his life"             232
+
+      "True is it that Ambrosio Salinero"                         233
+
+      "Destined to war from very infancy"                         234
+
+      "O flower of all that springs from gentle blood"            235
+
+      "Not without heavy grief of heart did He"                   236
+
+      "Pause, courteous Spirit!--Balbi supplicates"               237
+
+
+                                    1810
+
+    "Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen"                    240
+
+    "In due observance of an ancient rite"                        241
+
+    Feelings of a noble Biscayan at one of those Funerals,        242
+      1810
+
+    On a celebrated Event in Ancient History                      242
+
+    Upon the same Event                                           244
+
+    The Oak of Guernica                                           245
+
+    Indignation of a high-minded Spaniard, 1810                   246
+
+    "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind"                         247
+
+    "O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied"                 247
+
+    The French and the Spanish Guerillas                          248
+
+    Maternal Grief                                                248
+
+
+                                    1811
+
+    Characteristics of a Child three years old                    252
+
+    Spanish Guerillas, 1811                                       253
+
+    "The power of Armies is a visible thing"                      254
+
+    "Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise"            255
+
+    Epistle to Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart.                 256
+
+    Upon perusing the foregoing Epistle thirty years after its
+      composition                                                 267
+
+    Upon the sight of a Beautiful Picture                         271
+
+    To the Poet, John Dyer                                        273
+
+
+                                    1812
+
+    Song for the Spinning Wheel                                   275
+
+    Composed on the Eve of the Marriage of a Friend in the
+      Vale of Grasmere, 1812                                      276
+
+    Water-fowl                                                    277
+
+
+                                    1813
+
+    View from the Top of Black Comb                               279
+
+    Written with a Slate Pencil on a Stone, on the side of the
+      Mountain of Black Comb                                      281
+
+    November, 1813                                                282
+
+
+
+
+WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS
+
+
+
+
+1806
+
+
+Wordsworth left Grasmere with his household for Coleorton in November
+1806, and there is no evidence that he returned to Westmoreland till
+April 1808; although his sister spent part of the winter of 1807-8 at
+Dove Cottage, while he and Mrs. Wordsworth wintered at Stockton with the
+Hutchinson family. Several of the sonnets which are published in the
+"Poems" of 1807 refer, however, to Grasmere, and were probably composed
+there. I have conjecturally assigned a good many of them to the year
+1806. Some may have been composed earlier than 1806, but it is not
+likely that any belong to a later year.
+
+In addition to these, the poems of 1806 include the _Character of the
+Happy Warrior_, unless it should be assigned to the close of the
+previous year (see the note to the poem, p. 11), _The Horn of Egremont
+Castle_, the three poems composed in London in the spring of the year
+(April or May)--viz. _Stray Pleasures_, _Power of Music_, and
+_Star-gazers_--the lines on the Mountain Echo, those composed in
+expectation of the death of Mr. Fox, and the _Ode, Intimations of
+Immortality_.[A] Southey, in writing to Sir Walter Scott, on the 4th of
+February 1806, said, "Wordsworth has of late been more employed in
+correcting his poems than in writing others."--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] For reasons stated in the preface to vol. i. this Ode is printed in
+vol. viii. at the close of the poems.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE SPADE OF A FRIEND
+
+(AN AGRICULTURIST)
+
+COMPOSED WHILE WE WERE LABOURING[A] TOGETHER IN HIS PLEASURE-GROUND
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This person was Thomas Wilkinson, a Quaker by religious profession; by
+natural constitution of mind--or, shall I venture to say, by God's
+grace? he was something better. He had inherited a small estate, and
+built a house upon it, near Yanwath, upon the banks of the Emont. I have
+heard him say that his heart used to beat, in his boyhood, when he heard
+the sound of a drum and fife. Nevertheless the spirit of adventure in
+him confined itself in tilling his ground, and conquering such obstacles
+as stood in the way of its fertility. Persons of his religious
+persuasion do now, in a far greater degree than formerly, attach
+themselves to trade and commerce. He kept the old track. As represented
+in this poem, he employed his leisure hours in shaping pleasant walks by
+the side of his beloved river, where he also built something between a
+hermitage and a summer house, attaching to it inscriptions after the
+manner of Shenstone at his Leasowes. He used to travel from time to
+time, partly from love of Nature, and partly with religious friends, in
+the service of humanity. His admiration of genius in every department
+did him much honour. Through his connection with the family in which
+Edmund Burke was educated, he became acquainted with that great man, who
+used to receive him with great kindness and condescension; and many
+times I have heard Wilkinson speak of those interesting interviews. He
+was honoured also by the friendship of Elizabeth Smith, and of Thomas
+Clarkson and his excellent wife, and was much esteemed by Lord and Lady
+Lonsdale, and every member of that family. Among his verses (he wrote
+many) are some worthy of preservation; one little poem in particular,
+upon disturbing, by prying curiosity, a bird while hatching her young in
+his garden. The latter part of this innocent and good man's life was
+melancholy. He became blind, and also poor, by becoming surety for some
+of his relations. He was a bachelor. He bore, as I have often witnessed,
+his calamities with unfailing resignation. I will only add, that while
+working in one of his fields, he unearthed a stone of considerable size,
+then another, then two more; observing that they had been placed in
+order, as if forming the segment of a circle, he proceeded carefully to
+uncover the soil, and brought into view a beautiful Druid's temple, of
+perfect, though small dimensions. In order to make his farm more
+compact, he exchanged this field for another, and, I am sorry to add,
+the new proprietor destroyed this interesting relic of remote ages for
+some vulgar purpose. The fact, so far as concerns Thomas Wilkinson, is
+mentioned in the note on a sonnet on _Long Meg and her Daughters_.--I.
+F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    Spade! with which Wilkinson hath tilled his lands,
+    And shaped these pleasant walks by Emont's side,
+    Thou art a tool of honour in my hands;
+    I press thee, through the yielding soil, with pride.
+
+    Rare master has it been thy lot to know;                     5
+    Long hast Thou served a man to reason true;
+    Whose life combines the best of high and low,
+    The labouring[1] many and the resting few;
+
+    Health, meekness, ardour, quietness secure,[2]
+    And industry of body and of mind;                           10
+    And elegant enjoyments, that are pure
+    As nature is;--too pure to be refined.
+
+    Here often hast Thou heard the Poet sing
+    In concord with his river murmuring by;
+    Or in some silent field, while timid spring                 15
+    Is yet uncheered by other minstrelsy.
+
+    Who shall inherit Thee when death has[3] laid
+    Low in the darksome cell thine own dear lord?
+    That man will have a trophy, humble Spade!
+    A trophy nobler than a conqueror's sword.[4]                20
+
+    If he be one that feels, with skill to part
+    False praise from true, or, greater from the less,
+    Thee will he welcome to his hand and heart,
+    Thou monument of peaceful happiness!
+
+    He will not dread with Thee a toilsome day--                25
+    Thee his loved servant, his inspiring mate![5]
+    And, when thou art past service, worn away,
+    No dull oblivious nook shall hide thy fate.[6]
+
+    His thrift thy uselessness[7] will never scorn;
+    An _heir-loom_ in his cottage wilt thou be:--               30
+    High will he hang thee up, well pleased to adorn[8]
+    His rustic chimney with the last of Thee!
+
+
+Thomas Wilkinson of Yanwath, the friend of Wordsworth and the subject of
+these verses, deserves more than a passing note.
+
+                                He was a man
+      Whom no one could have passed without remark.
+
+One of the old race of Cumbrian "Statesmen"--men who owned, and
+themselves cultivated, small bits of land (see Wordsworth's letter on
+_The Brothers_ and _Michael_, vol. ii. p. 234)--he was Wordsworth's
+senior by nineteen years, and lived on a patrimonial farm of about forty
+acres, on the banks of the Emont,--the stream which, flowing out of
+Ullswater, divides Cumberland from Westmoreland. He was a Friend, and
+used to travel great distances to attend religious conferences, or
+engage in philanthropic work,--on one occasion riding on his pony from
+Yanwath to London, to the yearly meeting of the Friends; and, on
+another, walking the 300 miles to town, in eight days, for the same
+purpose. A simple, genuine nature; serene, refined, hospitable, naïve,
+and humorous withal; a quaint original man, with a true eye for Nature,
+a keen relish for rural life (especially for gardening) and a happy
+knack of characterization, whether he undertook descriptions of scenery
+in the course of his travels, or narrated the incidents which befell him
+on the way. This is how he writes of his farm, and his work upon
+it:--"We have at length some traces of spring (6th April 1784); the
+primrose under the hedge begins to open her modest flower, the buds
+begin to swell, and the birds to build; yet we have still a wide
+horizon, the mountain tops resign not their snows. The happiest season
+of the year with me is now commencing--I mean that in which I am at the
+plough; my horses pace slowly on before, the larks sing above my head,
+and the furrow falls at my side, and the face of Nature and my own mind
+seem to wear a sweet and cheerful tranquillity."
+
+The following extract shows the interest which he took in the very
+implements of his industry, and may serve as an illustration of
+Wordsworth's stanzas on his "spade." "Eighth month, 16th, 1789.
+Yesterday I parted without regret from an old acquaintance--I set by my
+scythe for this year. I have often this season seen the dark blue
+mountains before the sun and his rising embroider them with gold. I have
+had many a good sleep in the shade among fragrant grass and refreshing
+breezes, and though closely engaged in what may be thought heavy work, I
+was sensible of the enjoyments of life with uninterrupted health." In
+the closing years of the last century, when the spirit of patriotic
+ardour was so thoroughly roused in England by the restlessness of France
+and the ambition of Napoleon, he lived on at his pastoral farm, "busy
+with his husbandry." In London, he made the acquaintance of Edmund
+Burke; and Thomas Clarkson, the philanthropist,--whose labours for the
+abolition of the slave trade are matter of history,--became his intimate
+friend, and was a frequent visitor at Yanwath. Clarkson afterwards
+bought an estate near to Wilkinson's home, on the shores of Ullswater,
+where he built a house, and named it Eusemere, and there the Wordsworths
+were not infrequent guests. (See the note to the poem beginning "I
+wandered lonely as a cloud," vol. iii. p. 5.) Wordsworth stayed at
+Yanwath for two days in 1806. The _Tours to the British Mountains, with
+the Descriptive Poems of Lowther and Emont Vale_ (London, 1824), have
+been referred to in the note to _The Solitary Reaper_, vol. ii. p. 399,
+one of the poems in the "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland, 1803." It is
+an interesting volume--the prose much superior to the verse--and might
+be reprinted with advantage. Wilkinson was urged repeatedly to publish
+his "Tour through the Highlands," but he always declined, and it was
+printed at last without his knowledge, by some one to whom he had lent
+his MS.
+
+Wilkinson's relations to Wordsworth are alluded to in the note to _The
+Solitary Reaper_. He is occasionally referred to in Dorothy Wordsworth's
+Grasmere Journal of January and March 1802, _e.g._:--"Monday, 12th
+March.--The ground covered with snow. Walked to T. Wilkinson's and sent
+for letters. The woman brought me one from Wm. and Mary. It was a sharp
+windy night. Thomas Wilkinson came with me to Barton, and questioned me
+like a catechiser all the way. Every question was like the snapping of a
+little thread about my heart. I was so full of thought of my half-read
+letter and other things."
+
+The following are extracts from letters of Wilkinson to Miss Mary
+Leadbeater of Ballintore:--"Yanwath, 15. 2. 1801.--I had lately a young
+Poet seeing me that sprang originally from the next village. He has left
+the College, turned his back on all preferment, and settled down
+contentedly among our Lakes, with his Sister and his Muse. He ... writes
+in what he conceives to be the language of Nature in opposition to the
+finery of our present poetry. He has published two volumes of Poems,
+mostly of the same character. His name is William Wordsworth." In a
+letter, dated 29. 1. 1809, the following occurs:--"Thou hast wished to
+have W. Wordsworth's Lines on my Spade, which I shall transcribe thee. I
+had promised Lord Lonsdale to take him to Lowther, when he came to see
+me, but when we arrived he was gone to shoot moor-game with Judge
+Sutton. William and I then returned, and wrought together at a walk I
+was then forming, which gave birth to his Verses." The expression
+"sprang from the next village" might not be intended to mean that he was
+born there; or, if it did, the fact that Wordsworth's mother was a
+native of Penrith, and his own visits to that town, might account for
+the mistake of one who had made no minute enquiry as to the poet's
+birthplace. He was born at Cockermouth. Compare an interesting account
+of Thomas Wilkinson, by Mary Carr, reprinted from the _Friends'
+Quarterly Examiner_, 1882.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... toiling ...                                    1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      Health, quiet, meekness, ardour, hope secure,      1807.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1815.
+
+      More noble than the noblest Warrior's sword.       1807.
+
+[5] 1837.
+
+      With Thee he will not dread a toilsome day,
+      His powerful Servant, his inspiring Mate!          1807.
+
+[6] 1837.
+
+      Thee a surviving soul shall consecrate.            1807.
+
+[7] 1815.
+
+      ... usefulness ...                                 1807.
+
+The text of 1832 resumes that of 1807, but the edition of 1837 returns
+to the final text of 1815.
+
+[8] 1837.
+
+      ... and will adorn                                 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In a letter to Wilkinson, accompanying a copy of these verses, which
+Wordsworth sent from Coleorton, in November 1806, he wrote: "They are
+supposed to have been composed that afternoon when you and I were
+labouring together in your pleasure-ground." I think that Professor
+Dowden is right in supposing that they were written in 1806.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The course of the great war with the French naturally fixed one's
+attention upon the military character, and, to the honour of our
+country, there were many illustrious instances of the qualities that
+constitute its highest excellence. Lord Nelson carried most of the
+virtues that the trials he was exposed to in his department of the
+service necessarily call forth and sustain, if they do not produce the
+contrary vices. But his public life was stained with one great crime, so
+that though many passages of these lines were suggested by what was
+generally known as excellent in his conduct, I have not been able to
+connect his name with the poem as I could wish, or even to think of him
+with satisfaction in reference to the idea of what a warrior ought to
+be. For the sake of such of my friends as may happen to read this note,
+I will add that many elements of the character here pourtrayed were
+found in my brother John, who perished by shipwreck, as mentioned
+elsewhere. His messmates used to call him the Philosopher, from which it
+must be inferred that the qualities and dispositions I allude to had not
+escaped their notice. He often expressed his regret, after the war had
+continued some time, that he had not chosen the Naval, instead of the
+East India Company's, service, to which his family connection had led
+him. He greatly valued moral and religious instruction for youth, as
+tending to make good sailors. The best, he used to say, came from
+Scotland; the next to them, from the North of England, especially from
+Westmoreland and Cumberland, where, thanks to the piety and local
+attachments of our ancestors, endowed, or, as they are commonly called,
+free, schools abound.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    Who is the happy Warrior? Who is he
+    That[1] every man in arms should wish to be?
+    --It is the generous Spirit, who, when brought
+    Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought
+    Upon the plan that pleased his boyish[2] thought:            5
+    Whose high endeavours are an inward light
+    That makes[3] the path before him always bright:
+    Who, with a natural instinct to discern
+    What knowledge can perform, is diligent to learn;
+    Abides by this resolve, and stops not there,                10
+    But makes his moral being his prime care;
+    Who, doomed to go in company with Pain,
+    And Fear, and Bloodshed, miserable train!
+    Turns his necessity to glorious gain;
+    In face of these doth exercise a power                      15
+    Which is our human nature's highest dower;
+    Controls them and subdues, transmutes, bereaves
+    Of their bad influence, and their good receives:
+    By objects, which might force the soul to abate
+    Her feeling, rendered more compassionate;                   20
+    Is placable--because occasions rise
+    So often that demand such sacrifice;
+    More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure,
+    As tempted more; more able to endure,
+    As more exposed to suffering and distress;                  25
+    Thence, also, more alive to tenderness.
+    --'Tis he whose law is reason; who depends
+    Upon that law as on the best of friends;
+    Whence, in a state where men are tempted still
+    To evil for a guard against worse ill,                      30
+    And what in quality or act is best
+    Doth seldom on a right foundation rest,
+    He labours good on good to fix,[4] and owes
+    To virtue every triumph that he knows:
+    --Who, if he rise to station of command,                    35
+    Rises by open means; and there will stand
+    On honourable terms, or else retire,
+    And in himself possess his own desire;
+    Who comprehends his trust, and to the same
+    Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim;                    40
+    And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait
+    For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state;
+    Whom they must follow; on whose head must fall,
+    Like showers of manna, if they come at all:[A]
+    Whose powers shed round him in the common strife,
+    Or mild concerns of ordinary life,                          46
+    A constant influence, a peculiar grace;
+    But who, if he be called upon to face
+    Some awful moment to which Heaven has joined
+    Great issues, good or bad for human kind,                   50
+    Is happy as a Lover; and attired
+    With sudden brightness, like a Man inspired;
+    And, through the heat of conflict, keeps the law
+    In calmness made, and sees what he foresaw;
+    Or if an unexpected call succeed,                           55
+    Come when it will, is equal to the need:
+    --He who, though thus endued as with a sense
+    And faculty for storm and turbulence,
+    Is yet a Soul whose master-bias leans
+    To homefelt pleasures and to gentle scenes;                 60
+    Sweet images! which, wheresoe'er he be,
+    Are at his heart; and such fidelity
+    It is his darling passion to approve;
+    More brave for this, that he hath much to love:--
+    'Tis, finally, the Man, who, lifted high,                   65
+    Conspicuous object in a Nation's eye,
+    Or left unthought-of in obscurity,--
+    Who, with a toward or untoward lot,
+    Prosperous or adverse, to his wish or not--
+    Plays, in the many games of life, that one                  70
+    Where what he most doth value must be won:
+    Whom neither shape of danger can dismay,
+    Nor thought of tender happiness betray;
+    Who, not content that former worth stand fast,
+    Looks forward, persevering to the last,                     75
+    From well to better, daily self-surpast:[B]
+    Who, whether praise of him must walk the earth
+    For ever, and to noble deeds give birth,
+    Or he must fall, to sleep without his fame,[5]
+    And leave a dead unprofitable name--                        80
+    Finds comfort in himself and in his cause;
+    And, while the mortal mist is gathering, draws
+    His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause:
+    This is the happy Warrior; this is He
+    That[6] every Man in arms should wish to be.                85
+
+
+The following note was appended by Wordsworth in the edition of 1807.
+"The above Verses were written soon after tidings had been received of
+the Death of Lord Nelson, which event directed the Author's thoughts to
+the subject. His respect for the memory of his great fellow-countryman
+induces him to mention this; though he is well aware that the Verses
+must suffer from any connection in the Reader's mind with a Name so
+illustrious."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This note would seem to warrant our removing the date of the composition
+of the poem from 1806 to 1805; since Lord Nelson died at the battle of
+Trafalgar, on the 21st of October 1805. On the other hand, Wordsworth
+himself gave the date 1806; and the "soon after" of the above note may
+perhaps be stretched to include two months and a half. In writing to Sir
+George Beaumont on the 11th of February 1806, and enclosing a copy of
+these verses, he says, "they were written several weeks ago." Southey,
+writing to Sir Walter Scott, from Keswick, on the 4th of February 1806,
+says, "Wordsworth was with me last week; he has of late been more
+employed in correcting his poems than in writing others; but one piece
+he has written, upon the ideal character of a soldier, than which I have
+never seen anything more full of meaning and sound thought. The subject
+was suggested by Nelson's most glorious death, though having no
+reference to it. He had some thoughts of sending it to _The Courier_, in
+which case you will easily recognise his hand." (_The Life and
+Correspondence of Robert Southey_, vol. iii. p. 19.) As it is impossible
+to decide with accuracy, in the absence of more definite data, I follow
+the poet's own statement, and assign it to the year 1806.
+
+Wordsworth tells us that features in the character, both of Lord Nelson
+and of his own brother John, are delineated in this poem. Mr. William
+Davies writes to me, "He might very well have set the name of Cuthbert,
+Lord Collingwood, Nelson's contemporary, at the head of the poem, as
+embodying its spirit and lofty rule of life."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      Whom ...                                           1807.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      ... childish ...                                   1807.
+
+[3] 1832.
+
+      ... make ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1837.
+
+      He fixes good on good alone, ...                   1807.
+
+[5] C. and 1840.
+
+      Or He must go to dust without his fame,            1807.
+
+      Or he must fall and sleep without his fame,        1837.
+
+[6] 1845.
+
+      Whom ...                                           1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Pope's _Temple of Fame_ (ll. 513, 514)--
+
+      Nor Fame I slight, nor for her favours call;
+      She comes unlook'd for, if she comes at all.
+
+And Carew's _Epistle to the Countess of Anglesie_ (ll. 57, 58)--
+
+      He chose not in the active stream to swim,
+      Nor hunted Honour, which yet hunted him.             ED.
+
+[B] In the edition of 1807, the following note was added to these
+lines:--
+
+      For Knightes ever should be persevering,
+      To seeke honour without feintise or slouth,
+      Fro wele to better in all manner thinge.
+
+                     CHAUCER--_The Floure and the Leafe_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE HORN OF EGREMONT CASTLE
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[A Tradition transferred from the ancient mansion of Hutton John, the
+seat of the Huddlestones, to Egremont Castle.--I. F.]
+
+In 1815 this poem was placed among those "of the Imagination"; in 1845
+it was transferred to the class of "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Ere the Brothers through the gateway
+    Issued forth with old and young,
+    To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed
+    Which for ages there had hung.[1]
+    Horn it was which none could sound,                          5
+    No one upon living ground,
+    Save He who came as rightful Heir
+    To Egremont's Domains and Castle fair.
+
+    Heirs from times of earliest record[2]
+    Had the House of Lucie born,                                10
+    Who of right had held the Lordship
+    Claimed by proof upon the Horn:[3]
+    Each at the appointed hour
+    Tried the Horn,--it owned his power;
+    He was acknowledged: and the blast,                         15
+    Which good Sir Eustace sounded, was the last.
+
+    With his lance Sir Eustace pointed,
+    And to Hubert thus said he,
+    "What I speak this Horn shall witness
+    For thy better memory.                                      20
+    Hear, then, and neglect me not!
+    At this time, and on this spot,
+    The words are uttered from my heart,
+    As my last earnest prayer ere we depart.
+
+    "On good service we are going                               25
+    Life to risk by sea and land,
+    In which course if Christ our Saviour
+    Do my sinful soul demand,
+    Hither come thou back straightway,
+    Hubert, if alive that day;                                  30
+    Return, and sound the Horn, that we
+    May have a living House still left in thee!"
+
+    "Fear not," quickly answered Hubert;
+    "As I am thy Father's son,
+    What thou askest, noble Brother,                            35
+    With God's favour shall be done."
+    So were both right well content:
+    Forth they from the Castle went,[4]
+    And at the head of their Array
+    To Palestine the Brothers took their way.                   40
+
+    Side by side they fought (the Lucies
+    Were a line for valour famed)
+    And where'er their strokes alighted,
+    There the Saracens were tamed.
+    Whence, then, could it come--the thought--                  45
+    By what evil spirit brought?
+    Oh! can a brave Man wish to take
+    His Brother's life, for Lands' and Castle's sake?
+
+    "Sir!" the Ruffians said to Hubert,
+    "Deep he lies in Jordan flood."                             50
+    Stricken by this ill assurance,
+    Pale and trembling Hubert stood.
+    "Take your earnings."--Oh! that I
+    Could have _seen_[5] my Brother die!
+    It was a pang that vexed him then;                          55
+    And oft returned, again, and yet again.
+
+    Months passed on, and no Sir Eustace!
+    Nor of him were tidings heard.
+    Wherefore, bold as day, the Murderer
+    Back again to England steered.                              60
+    To his Castle Hubert sped;
+    Nothing has he[6] now to dread.
+    But silent and by stealth he came,
+    And at an hour which nobody could name.
+
+    None could tell if it were night-time,                      65
+    Night or day, at even or morn;
+    No one's eye had seen him enter,
+    No one's ear had heard the Horn.[7]
+    But bold Hubert lives in glee:
+    Months and years went smilingly;                            70
+    With plenty was his table spread;
+    And bright the Lady is who shares his bed.
+
+    Likewise he had sons and daughters;
+    And, as good men do, he sate
+    At his board by these surrounded,                           75
+    Flourishing in fair estate.
+    And while thus in open day
+    Once he sate, as old books say,
+    A blast was uttered from the Horn,
+    Where by the Castle-gate it hung forlorn.                   80
+
+    'Tis the breath of good Sir Eustace!
+    He is come to claim his right:
+    Ancient castle, woods, and mountains
+    Hear the challenge with delight.
+    Hubert! though the blast be blown                           85
+    He is helpless and alone:
+    Thou hast a dungeon, speak the word!
+    And there he may be lodged, and thou be Lord.
+
+    Speak!--astounded Hubert cannot;
+    And, if power to speak he had,                              90
+    All are daunted, all the household
+    Smitten to the heart, and sad.
+    'Tis Sir Eustace; if it be
+    Living man, it must be he!
+    Thus Hubert thought in his dismay,                          95
+    And by a postern-gate he slunk away.[8]
+
+    Long, and long was he unheard of:
+    To his Brother then he came,
+    Made confession, asked forgiveness,
+    Asked it by a brother's name,                              100
+    And by all the saints in heaven;
+    And of Eustace was forgiven:
+    Then in a convent went to hide
+    His melancholy head, and there he died.
+
+    But Sir Eustace, whom good angels                          105
+    Had preserved from murderers' hands,
+    And from Pagan chains had rescued,
+    Lived with honour on his lands.
+    Sons he had, saw sons of theirs:
+    And through ages, heirs of heirs,                          110
+    A long posterity renowned,
+    Sounded the Horn which they alone could sound.
+
+
+The following note is appended to this poem in the edition of 1807, and
+in those of 1836 to 1850:--
+
+  "This Story is a Cumberland tradition; I have heard it also
+  related of the Hall of Hutton John, an antient residence of the
+  Huddlestones, in a sequestered Valley upon the River Dacor."
+
+Egremont Castle, to which this Cumberland tradition was transferred, is
+close to the town of Egremont, an ancient borough on the river Ehen, not
+far from St. Bees. The castle was founded about the beginning of the
+twelfth century, by William, brother of Ranulph de Meschines, who
+bestowed on William the whole of the extensive barony of Copeland. The
+gateway of the castle is vaulted with semi-circular arches, and defended
+by a strong tower. Westward from the castle area is an ascent to three
+narrow gates, standing in a line, and close together. These communicated
+with the outworks, each being defended by a portcullis. Beyond the gates
+is an artificial mound, seventy-eight feet above the moat; and on this
+stood an ancient circular tower. (See a description of the castle in
+Britton and Brayley's _Cumberland_.) The river Dacor, or Dacre, referred
+to in Wordsworth's note, joins the Emont a short way below Ullswater;
+and the hall of Hutton John, which in the reign of Edward III. belonged
+to the barony of Graystock, passed in the time of Elizabeth to the
+Huddlestones. The famous Catholic father, John Huddlestone, chaplain to
+Charles II. and James II., was of this family.
+
+In the edition of 1815, there is the following footnote to the title of
+the poem:--"This Poem and the Ballad which follows it" (it was that of
+_Goody Blake and Harry Gill_), "as they rather refer to the imagination
+than are produced by it, would not have been placed here" (_i.e._ among
+the "Poems of the Imagination"), "but to avoid a needless multiplication
+of the Classes."
+
+The text of 1807 underwent no change until 1845. But--as is shown by the
+notes in the late Lord Coleridge's copy of the edition of 1836--the
+alterations subsequently adopted in 1845 were made in the interval
+between these years.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] C. and 1845.
+
+      When the Brothers reach'd the gateway,
+      Eustace pointed with his lance
+      To the Horn which there was hanging;
+      Horn of the inheritance.                           1807.
+
+      When the Brothers reached the gateway,
+      With their followers old and young,
+      To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed
+      That for ages there had hung.                         C.
+
+[2] C. and 1845.
+
+      Heirs from ages without record                     1807.
+
+[3] C. and 1845.
+
+      Who of right had claim'd the Lordship
+      By the proof upon the Horn:                        1807.
+
+                   ... held ...
+      Claimed by proof ...                                  C.
+
+[4] C. and 1845.
+
+      From the Castle forth they went.                   1807.
+
+[5] _Italics_ were first used in 1815.
+
+[6] 1845.
+
+      He has nothing ...                                 1807.
+
+[7] C. and 1845.
+
+      For the sound was heard by no one
+      Of the proclamation-horn.                          1807.
+
+[8] 1807.
+
+      ... slipped away.                                    MS.
+
+
+
+
+A COMPLAINT
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. Suggested by a change in the manner of a
+friend.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems founded on the Affections."--ED.
+
+
+    There is a change--and I am poor;
+    Your love hath been, nor long ago,
+    A fountain at my fond heart's door,
+    Whose only business was to flow;
+    And flow it did; not taking heed                             5
+    Of its own bounty, or my need.
+
+    What happy moments did I count!
+    Blest was I then all bliss above!
+    Now, for that[1] consecrated fount
+    Of murmuring, sparkling, living love,                       10
+    What have I? shall I dare to tell?
+    A comfortless and hidden well.
+
+    A well of love--it may be deep--
+    I trust it is,--and never dry:
+    What matter? if the waters sleep                            15
+    In silence and obscurity.
+    --Such change, and at the very door
+    Of my fond heart, hath made me poor.
+
+
+It is highly probable that the friend was S. T. Coleridge. See the _Life
+of Wordsworth_ (1889), vol. ii. pp. 166, 167.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1836.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1807.
+
+
+
+
+STRAY PLEASURES
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Suggested on the Thames by the sight of one of those floating mills
+that used to be seen there. This I noticed on the Surrey side between
+Somerset House and Blackfriars' Bridge. Charles Lamb was with me at the
+time; and I thought it remarkable that I should have to point out to
+_him_, an idolatrous Londoner, a sight so interesting as the happy group
+dancing on the platform. Mills of this kind used to be, and perhaps
+still are, not uncommon on the continent. I noticed several upon the
+river Saone in the year 1799, particularly near the town of Chalons,
+where my friend Jones and I halted a day when we crossed France; so far
+on foot; there we embarked, and floated down to Lyons.--I. F.]
+
+      "----_Pleasure is spread through the earth
+      In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find._"
+
+One of the "Poems of the Fancy." The title _Stray Pleasures_ was first
+given in the edition of 1820. In 1807 and 1815 the poem had no title;
+but in the original MS. it was called "Dancers."--ED.
+
+
+          By their floating mill,
+          That[1] lies dead and still,
+    Behold yon Prisoners three,
+    The Miller with two Dames, on the breast of the Thames!
+    The platform is small, but gives room[2] for them all;       5
+    And they're dancing merrily.
+
+          From the shore come the notes
+          To their mill where it floats,
+    To their house and their mill tethered fast:
+    To the small wooden isle where, their work to beguile,      10
+    They from morning to even take whatever is given;--
+    And many a blithe day they have past.[3]
+
+          In sight of the spires,
+          All alive with the fires
+    Of the sun going down to his rest,                          15
+    In the broad open eye of the solitary sky,
+    They dance,--there are three, as jocund as free,
+    While they dance on the calm river's breast.
+
+          Man and Maidens wheel,
+          They themselves make the reel,                        20
+    And their music's a prey which they seize;
+    It plays not for them,--what matter? 'tis theirs;
+    And if they had care, it has scattered their cares
+    While they dance, crying, "Long as ye please!"
+
+          They dance not for me,                                25
+          Yet mine is their glee!
+    Thus pleasure is spread through the earth
+    In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find;
+    Thus a rich loving-kindness, redundantly kind,
+    Moves all nature to gladness and mirth.                     30
+
+          The showers of the spring
+          Rouse the birds, and they sing;
+    If the wind do but stir for his proper delight,
+    Each leaf, that and this, his neighbour will kiss;[A]
+    Each wave, one and t'other, speeds after his brother;       35
+    They are happy, for that is their right!
+
+
+Wordsworth went up to London in April 1806, where he stayed two months.
+It was, doubtless, on that occasion that these lines were written. The
+year mentioned in the Fenwick note is incorrect. It was in 1790 that
+Wordsworth crossed France with his friend Jones.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Which ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+      ... but there's room ...                           1807.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+                        ... with whatever be given;--
+      Full many a blithe day have past.                    MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Michael Drayton, _The Muse's Elysium_, nymphal vi. ll. 4-7--
+
+      The wind had no more strength than this,
+      That leisurely it blew,
+      To make one leaf the next to kiss
+      That closely by it grew.
+
+Wordsworth frequently confessed his obligation to Dr. Anderson--the
+editor of the _British Poets_--for enabling him to acquaint himself with
+the poetry of Drayton, and other early English writers.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+POWER OF MUSIC
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Taken from life.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination." The original title in MS.
+was "A Street Fiddler (in London)."--ED.
+
+
+    An Orpheus! an Orpheus! yes, Faith may grow bold,
+    And take to herself all the wonders of old;--
+    Near the stately Pantheon you'll meet with the same
+    In the street that from Oxford hath borrowed its name.
+
+    His station is there; and he works on the crowd,             5
+    He sways them with harmony merry and loud;
+    He fills with his power all their hearts to the brim--
+    Was aught ever heard like his fiddle and him?
+
+    What an eager assembly! what an empire is this!
+    The weary have life, and the hungry have bliss;             10
+    The mourner is cheered, and the anxious have rest;
+    And the guilt-burthened soul is no longer opprest.
+
+    As the Moon brightens round her the clouds of the night,
+    So He, where he stands, is a centre of light;
+    It gleams on the face, there, of dusky-browed[1] Jack,      15
+    And the pale-visaged Baker's, with basket on back.
+
+    That errand-bound 'Prentice was passing in haste--
+    What matter! he's caught--and his time runs to waste;
+    The Newsman is stopped, though he stops on the fret;
+    And the half-breathless Lamplighter--he's in the net!       20
+
+    The Porter sits down on the weight which he bore;
+    The Lass with her barrow wheels hither her store;[2]--
+    If a thief could be here he might pilfer at ease;
+    She sees the Musician, 'tis all that she sees!              24
+
+    He stands, backed by the wall;--he abates not his din;
+    His hat gives him vigour, with boons dropping in,
+    From the old and the young, from the poorest; and there!
+    The one-pennied Boy has his penny to spare.
+
+    O blest are the hearers, and proud be the hand              29
+    Of the pleasure it spreads through so thankful a band;
+    I am glad for him, blind as he is!--all the while
+    If they speak 'tis to praise, and they praise with a smile.
+
+    That tall Man, a giant in bulk and in height,
+    Not an inch of his body is free from delight;
+    Can he keep himself still, if he would? oh, not he!         35
+    The music stirs in him like wind through a tree.
+
+    Mark that Cripple[3] who leans on his crutch; like a tower
+    That long has leaned forward, leans hour after hour!--
+    That Mother,[4] whose spirit in fetters is bound,
+    While she dandles the Babe in her arms to the sound.        40
+
+    Now, coaches and chariots! roar on like a stream;
+    Here are twenty souls happy as souls in a dream:
+    They are deaf to your murmurs--they care not for you,
+    Nor what ye are flying, nor[5] what ye pursue!
+
+
+This must be assigned to the same London visit, in the spring of 1806,
+referred to in the note to the previous poem.
+
+Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth in 1815, "Your _Power of Music_
+reminded me of his" (Bourne's) "poem of _The Ballad Singer in the Seven
+Dials_."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... dusky-faced ...                                1807.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      ... for store;--                                   1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      There's a Cripple ...                              1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      A Mother, ...                                      1807.
+
+[5] 1815.
+
+      ... or ...                                         1807.
+
+
+
+
+STAR-GAZERS
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Observed by me in Leicester-square, as here described.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    What crowd[1] is this? what have we here! we must not[2] pass it by;
+    A Telescope upon its frame, and pointed to the sky:
+    Long is it as a barber's pole, or mast of little boat,
+    Some little pleasure skiff, that doth on Thames's waters float.
+
+    The Show-man chooses well his place, 'tis Leicester's busy         5
+        Square;
+    And is[3] as happy in his night, for the heavens are blue and fair;
+    Calm, though impatient, is[4] the crowd; each stands ready[5] with
+        the fee,
+    And envies him that's looking[6];--what an insight must it be!
+
+    Yet, Show-man, where can lie[7] the cause? Shall thy Implement have
+        blame,
+    A boaster, that when he is tried, fails, and is put to shame?     10
+    Or is it good as others are, and be their eyes in fault?
+    Their eyes, or minds? or, finally, is yon[8] resplendent vault?
+
+    Is nothing of that radiant pomp so good as we have here?
+    Or gives a thing but small delight that never can be dear?
+    The silver moon with all her vales, and hills of mightiest fame,  15
+    Doth she betray us when they're seen? or[9] are they but a name?
+
+    Or is it rather that Conceit rapacious is and strong,
+    And bounty never yields[10] so much but it seems to do her wrong?
+    Or is it, that when human Souls a journey long have had
+    And are returned into themselves, they cannot but be sad?[A]      20
+
+    Or must we be constrained to think that these Spectators rude,
+    Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,
+    Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie?
+    No, no, this cannot be;--men thirst for power and majesty![11]
+
+    Does, then, a deep and earnest thought[12] the blissful mind      25
+        employ
+    Of him who gazes, or has gazed? a grave and steady joy,
+    That doth reject all show of pride, admits no outward sign,
+    Because not of this noisy world, but silent and divine!
+
+    Whatever be the cause,[13] 'tis sure that they who pry and pore
+    Seem to meet with little gain, seem less happy than before:       30
+    One after One they take their turn,[14] nor have I one espied
+    That doth not slackly go away, as if dissatisfied.
+
+
+Doubtless "observed" during the visit to London in April and May
+1806.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      What throng ...                                      MS.
+
+[2] 1807
+
+      ... we cannot ...                                    MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      And he's ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1807.
+
+      ... are ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      ... Each is ready ...                              1807.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      Impatient till his moment comes-- ...              1827.
+
+      ... come;-- ...                                    1836.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[7] 1807.
+
+      ... be ...                                           MS.
+
+[8] 1832.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[9] 1827.
+
+      Do they betray us when they're seen? and ...       1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[10] 1807.
+
+      ... cannot yield ...                                 MS.
+
+[11] 1807.
+
+      Or is it but unwelcome thought! that these Spectators rude,
+      Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,
+      Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie,
+      Not to be lifted up at once to power and majesty?
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[12] 1807.
+
+      Or does some deep and earnest joy ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[13] 1807.
+
+      Whate'er the cause may be, ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[14] 1827.
+
+      ... turns, ...                                     1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] "Compare Shelley's statement in _Julian and Maddalo_--where he
+speaks of material not spiritual voyaging--that coming homeward 'always
+makes the spirit tame'" (Professor Dowden).
+
+
+
+
+"YES, IT WAS THE MOUNTAIN ECHO"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The echo came from Nab-scar, when I was
+walking on the opposite side of Rydal Mere. I will here mention, for my
+dear Sister's sake, that, while she was sitting alone one day high up on
+this part of Loughrigg Fell, she was so affected by the voice of the
+Cuckoo heard from the crags at some distance that she could not suppress
+a wish to have a stone inscribed with her name among the rocks from
+which the sound proceeded. On my return from my walk I recited these
+verses to Mrs. Wordsworth.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Yes, it was the mountain Echo,
+    Solitary, clear, profound,
+    Answering to the shouting Cuckoo,
+    Giving to her sound for sound![1]
+
+               [2]
+
+    Unsolicited reply                                            5
+    To a babbling wanderer sent;[3]
+    Like her ordinary cry,
+    Like--but oh, how different!
+
+    Hears not also mortal Life?
+    Hear not we, unthinking Creatures!                          10
+    Slaves of folly, love, or strife--
+    Voices of two different natures?
+
+    Have not _we_[4] too?--yes, we have
+    Answers, and we know not whence;
+    Echoes from beyond the grave,                               15
+    Recognised intelligence!
+
+    Such rebounds our inward ear[A]
+    Catches sometimes from afar--[5]
+    Listen, ponder, hold them dear;[6]
+    For of God,--of God they are.                               20
+
+
+The place where this echo was heard can easily be identified by any one
+walking along the southern or Loughrigg shore of Rydal. The Fenwick
+note refers to a wish of Dorothy Wordsworth to have her name inscribed
+on a stone among the rocks of Loughrigg Fell. It is impossible to know
+whether it was ever carried out or not. If it was, the place is
+undiscoverable, like the spot on the banks of the Rotha, where Joanna's
+name was graven "deep in the living rock," or the place where Wordsworth
+carved his wife's initials (as recorded in Mrs. Hemans' _Memoirs_), or
+where the daisy was found, which suggested the lines beginning
+
+      Small service is true service while it lasts;
+
+and it is well that they are undiscoverable. It is so easy for posterity
+to vulgarise, by idle and unappreciative curiosity, spots that are
+sacred only to the few who feel them to be shrines. The very grave where
+Wordsworth rests runs the risk of being thus abused by the unthinking
+crowd. But, in the hope that no one will desecrate it, as the Rock of
+Names has been injured, I may mention that there is a stone near Rydal
+Mere, on the north-eastern slope of Loughrigg, with the initial "M."
+deeply cut. The exact locality I need not more minutely indicate.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Yes! full surely 'twas the Echo,
+      Solitary, clear, profound,
+      Answering to Thee, shouting Cuckoo!
+      Giving to thee Sound for Sound.                    1807.
+
+[2]   Whence the Voice? from air or earth?
+      This the Cuckoo cannot tell;
+      But a startling sound had birth,
+      As the Bird must know full well;
+
+    Only in the edition of 1807.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      Like the voice through earth and sky
+      By the restless Cuckoo sent;                       1807.
+
+[4] _Italics_ were first used in the edition of 1836.
+
+[5] 1836.
+
+      Such within ourselves we hear
+      Oft-times, ours though sent from far;              1807.
+
+      Such rebounds our inward ear
+      Often catches from afar;--                         1827.
+
+      Often as thy inward ear
+      Catches such rebounds, beware,--                   1832.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      Giddy Mortals! hold them dear;                     1827.
+
+    The edition of 1832 returns to the text of 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Writing to Barron Field about this stanza of the poem in 1827,
+Wordsworth said, "The word 'rebounds' I wish much to introduce here; for
+the imaginative warning turns upon the echo, which ought to be revived
+as near the conclusion as possible."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"NUNS FRET NOT AT THEIR CONVENT'S NARROW ROOM"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[In the cottage, Town-end, Grasmere, one afternoon in 1801, my sister
+read to me the sonnets of Milton. I had long been well acquainted with
+them, but I was particularly struck on that occasion with the dignified
+simplicity and majestic harmony that runs through most of them,--in
+character so totally different from the Italian, and still more so from
+Shakspeare's fine sonnets. I took fire, if I may be allowed to say so,
+and produced three sonnets the same afternoon, the first I ever wrote,
+except an irregular one at school. Of these three, the only one I
+distinctly remember is--"I grieved for Buonaparté." One was never
+written down; the third, which was, I believe, preserved, I cannot
+particularise.--I. F.]
+
+From 1807 to 1820 this was named _Prefatory Sonnet_, as introducing the
+series of "Miscellaneous Sonnets" in these editions. In 1827 it took its
+place as the first in that series, following the Dedication
+_To ----_.--ED.
+
+
+    Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room;
+    And hermits are contented with their cells;
+    And students with their pensive citadels;
+    Maids at the wheel, the weaver at his loom,
+    Sit blithe and happy; bees that soar for bloom,              5
+    High as the highest Peak of Furness-fells,
+    Will murmur by the hour in foxglove bells:
+    In truth the prison, unto which we doom
+    Ourselves, no prison is:[A] and hence for me,[1]
+    In sundry moods,'twas pastime to be bound                   10
+    Within the Sonnet's scanty plot of ground;
+    Pleased if some Souls (for such there needs must be)
+    Who have felt the weight of too much liberty,[B]
+    Should find brief[2] solace there, as I have found.
+
+
+In Wordsworth's time "Furness-fells" was a generic phrase for all the
+hills east of the Duddon, south of the Brathay, and west of Windermere;
+including the Coniston group, Wetherlam, with the Yewdale and
+Tilberthwaite fells. The district of Furness, like that of Craven in
+Yorkshire, being originally ecclesiastical, had a wide area, of which
+the abbey of Furness was the centre.
+
+In the Fenwick note prefixed to this sonnet, Wordsworth refers to his
+earliest attempt at sonnet writing. He says he wrote an irregular one at
+school, and the next were three sonnets written one afternoon in Dove
+Cottage in the year 1801, after his sister had read the sonnets of
+Milton. This note is not, however, to be trusted. It was not in 1801,
+but on the 21st of May 1802, that his sister read to him these sonnets
+of Milton; and he afterwards wrote not one but two sonnets on
+Buonaparte. What the irregular sonnet written at school was it is
+impossible to say, unless he refers to the one entitled, in 1807 and
+subsequent editions, _Written in Very Early Youth_; and beginning--
+
+      Calm is all nature as a resting wheel.
+
+But on a copy of _An Evening Walk_ (1793 edition) Wordsworth
+wrote:--"This is the first of my published poems, with the exception of
+a sonnet, written when I was a schoolboy, and published in the _European
+Magazine_ in June or July 1786, and signed Axiologus." Even as to this
+date his memory was at fault. It was published in 1787, when he was
+seventeen years of age. Its full title may be given; although, for
+reasons already stated, it would be unjustifiable to republish the
+sonnet, except in an appendix to the poems, and mainly for its
+biographical interest. It was entitled, _Sonnet, on seeing Miss Maria
+Williams weep at a Tale of Distress_. But, fully ten years before the
+date mentioned by Dorothy Wordsworth in her Grasmere Journal--as the day
+on which she read Milton's sonnets to her brother, and on which he wrote
+the two on Buonaparte--he had written others, the existence of which he
+had evidently forgotten. On the 6th of May 1792, his sister wrote thus
+from Forncett Rectory in Norfolk to her friend, Miss Jane Pollard:--"I
+promised to transcribe some of William's compositions. As I made the
+promise, I will give you a little sonnet.... I take the first that
+offers. It is very valuable to me, because the cause which gave birth to
+it was the favourite evening walk of William and me.... I have not
+chosen this sonnet from any particular beauty it has. _It was the first
+I laid my hands upon._" From the clause I have italicised, it would
+almost seem that other sonnets belong to that period, viz. before 1793,
+when _An Evening Walk_ appeared. She would hardly have spoken of it as
+she did, if this was the only sonnet her brother had then written.
+Though very inferior to his later work, this sonnet may be preserved as
+a specimen of Wordsworth's earlier manner, before he had broken away,
+by the force of his own imagination, from the trammels of the
+conventional style, which he inherited. It is printed in the Appendix to
+volume viii.
+
+It will be seen that Wordsworth's memory cannot be always relied upon,
+in reference to dates, and similar details, in the Fenwick
+memoranda.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1849.
+
+      ... to me,                                         1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... short ...                                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare in Lovelace's poem, _To Althea from Prison_--
+
+      Stone walls do not a prison make,
+        Nor iron bars a cage;
+      Minds innocent and quiet take
+        That for a hermitage.                              ED.
+
+[B] Compare the line in the _Ode to Duty_ vol. iii. p. 40--
+
+      Me this unchartered freedom tires.                   ED.
+
+
+
+
+PERSONAL TALK
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The last line but two stood, at first,
+better and more characteristically, thus:--
+
+      "By my half-kitchen and half-parlour fire."
+
+My sister and I were in the habit of having the tea-kettle in our little
+sitting room; and we toasted the bread ourselves, which reminds me of a
+little circumstance not unworthy to be set down among these minutiæ.
+Happening both of us to be engaged a few minutes one morning when we had
+a young prig of a Scotch lawyer to breakfast with us, my dear Sister,
+with her usual simplicity, put the toasting fork with a slice of bread
+into the hands of this Edinburgh genius. Our little book-case stood on
+one side of the fire. To prevent loss of time, he took down a book, and
+fell to reading, to the neglect of the toast, which was burnt to a
+cinder. Many a time have we laughed at this circumstance, and other
+cottage simplicities of that day. By the bye, I have a spite at one of
+this series of Sonnets (I will leave the reader to discover which) as
+having been the means of nearly putting off for ever our acquaintance
+with dear Miss Fenwick, who has always stigmatized one line of it as
+vulgar, and worthy only of having been composed by a country squire.--I.
+F.]
+
+In 1815, this was classed among the "Poems proceeding from Sentiment and
+Reflection." From 1820 to 1843, it found a place among the
+"Miscellaneous Sonnets," and in 1845 was restored to its earlier one
+among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+                         I
+
+    I am not One who much or oft delight
+    To season my fireside with personal talk,--
+    Of[1] friends, who live within an easy walk,
+    Or neighbours, daily, weekly, in my sight:
+    And, for my chance-acquaintance, ladies bright,              5
+    Sons, mothers, maidens withering on the stalk,[A]
+    These all wear out of me, like Forms, with chalk
+    Painted on rich men's floors, for one feast-night.
+    Better than such discourse doth silence long,
+    Long, barren silence, square with my desire;                10
+    To sit without emotion, hope, or aim,
+    In the loved presence of my cottage-fire,[2]
+    And listen to the flapping of the flame,
+    Or kettle whispering its faint undersong.
+
+
+                        II
+
+    "Yet life," you say, "is life; we have seen and see,        15
+    And with a living pleasure we describe;
+    And fits of sprightly malice do but bribe
+    The languid mind into activity.
+    Sound sense, and love itself, and mirth and glee
+    Are fostered by the comment and the gibe."                  20
+    Even be it so: yet still among your tribe,
+    Our daily world's true Worldlings, rank not me!
+    Children are blest, and powerful; their world lies
+    More justly balanced; partly at their feet,
+    And part far from them:--sweetest melodies                  25
+    Are those that are by distance made more sweet;[B]
+    Whose mind is but the mind of his own eyes,
+    He is a Slave; the meanest we can meet![C]
+
+
+                       III
+
+    Wings have we,--and as far as we can go
+    We may find pleasure: wilderness and wood,                  30
+    Blank ocean and mere sky, support that mood
+    Which with the lofty sanctifies the low.
+    Dreams, books, are each a world; and books, we know,
+    Are a substantial world, both pure and good:
+    Round these, with tendrils strong as flesh and blood,
+    Our pastime and our happiness will grow.                    36
+    There find I personal themes, a plenteous store,
+    Matter wherein right voluble I am,
+    To which I listen with a ready ear;
+    Two shall be named, pre-eminently dear,--[3]                40
+    The gentle Lady married to the Moor;[D]
+    And heavenly Una with her milk-white Lamb.
+
+
+                        IV
+
+    Nor can I not believe but that hereby
+    Great gains are mine; for thus I live remote
+    From evil-speaking; rancour, never sought,                  45
+    Comes to me not; malignant truth, or lie.
+    Hence have I genial seasons, hence have I
+    Smooth passions, smooth discourse, and joyous thought:
+    And thus from day to day my little boat
+    Rocks in its harbour, lodging peaceably.                    50
+    Blessings be with them--and eternal praise,
+    Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares--
+    The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs
+    Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!
+    Oh! might my name be numbered among theirs,                 55
+    Then gladly would I end my mortal days.
+
+
+The text of the poem was little altered, and was fixed in 1827. It had
+no title in 1807 and 1815.
+
+The reading of 1807,
+
+      my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire,
+
+was a reminiscence of Dove Cottage, which we regret to lose in the later
+editions.
+
+In the Baptistery of Westminster Abbey, there is a statue of Wordsworth
+by Frederick Thrupp of great merit, placed there by the late Dean
+Stanley, beside busts of Keble, Maurice, and Kingsley. Underneath the
+statue of Wordsworth are the four lines from _Personal Talk_--
+
+      Blessings be with them--and eternal praise,
+      Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares--
+      The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs
+      Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!
+
+Dean Stanley found it difficult to select from Wordsworth's poems the
+lines most appropriate for inscription, and adopted these at the
+suggestion of his friend, Principal Shairp.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      About ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      By my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire,           1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      There do I find a never-failing store
+      Of personal themes, and such as I love best;
+      Matter wherein right voluble I am:
+      Two will I mention, dearer than the rest;          1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is the line referred to by Wordsworth in the Fenwick note.
+Compare _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act I. scene i. ll. 75-78.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare Collins, _The Passions_, l. 60, and _An Evening Walk_, l.
+237 and note (vol. i. p. 22).--ED.
+
+[C] Compare _The Prelude_, book xii. l. 151 (vol. iii. p. 349)--
+
+                                  I knew a maid,
+      A young enthusiast, who escaped these bonds;
+      Her eye was not the mistress of her heart.           ED.
+
+[D] Wordsworth said on one occasion, as Professor Dowden has reminded
+us, that he thought _Othello_, the close of the _Phædo_, and Walton's
+_Life of George Herbert_, the three "most pathetic" writings in the
+world.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+ADMONITION
+
+Intended more particularly for the perusal of those who may have happened
+  to be enamoured of some beautiful place of Retreat, in the Country of
+  the Lakes.
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Well may'st thou halt--and gaze with brightening eye![1]
+    The lovely Cottage in the guardian nook
+    Hath stirred thee deeply; with its own dear brook,
+    Its own small pasture, almost its own sky![A]
+    But covet not the Abode;--forbear to sigh,[2]                5
+    As many do, repining while they look;
+    Intruders--who would tear[3] from Nature's book
+    This precious leaf, with harsh impiety.[4]
+    Think what the Home must[5] be if it were thine,
+    Even thine, though few thy wants!--Roof, window, door,      10
+    The very flowers are sacred to the Poor,
+    The roses to the porch which they entwine:
+    Yea, all, that now enchants thee, from the day
+    On which it should be touched, would melt away.[6]
+
+
+The cottage at Town-end, Grasmere--where this sonnet was composed--may
+have suggested it. Some of the details, however, are scarcely applicable
+to Dove Cottage; the "brook" (referred to elsewhere) is outside the
+orchard ground, and there is scarcely anything in the garden to warrant
+the phrase, "its own small pasture." It is unnecessary to localise the
+allusions.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Yes, there is holy pleasure in thine eye!          1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... oh! do not sigh,                               1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Sighing a wish to tear ...                         1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      This blissful leaf, with worst impiety.            1807.
+
+      ... with harsh impiety.                            1815.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      ... would ...                                      1807.
+
+[6] 1838.
+
+      ... would melt, and melt away!                     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the lines in _Peter Bell_, vol. ii. p. 13--
+
+      Where deep and low the hamlets lie
+      Beneath their little patch of sky
+      And little lot of stars.                             ED.
+
+
+
+
+"'BELOVED VALE!' I SAID, 'WHEN I SHALL CON'"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    "Beloved Vale!" I said, "when I shall con
+    Those many records of my childish years,
+    Remembrance of myself and of my peers
+    Will press me down: to think of what is gone
+    Will be an awful thought, if life have one."                 5
+    But, when into the Vale I came, no fears
+    Distressed me; from mine eyes escaped no tears;[1]
+    Deep thought, or dread remembrance, had I none.[2]
+    By doubts and thousand petty fancies crost[3]
+    I stood, of simple shame the blushing Thrall;[A]            10
+    So narrow seemed the brooks, the fields so small![4]
+    A Juggler's balls old Time about him tossed;
+    I looked, I stared, I smiled, I laughed; and all
+    The weight of sadness was in wonder lost.
+
+
+Doubtless the "Vale" referred to is that of Hawkshead; the "brooks" may
+refer to the one that feeds Esthwaite lake, or to Sawrey beck, or (more
+likely) to the streamlet, "the famous brook within our garden boxed,"
+described in _The Prelude_, books i. and ii. (vol. iii.) See also _The
+Fountain_, vol. ii. p. 92.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Distress'd me; I look'd round, I shed no tears;    1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... or awful vision, I had none.                   1807.
+
+      ... had I none.                                    1827.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      By thousand petty fancies I was cross'd,           1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      To see the Trees, which I had thought so tall,
+      Mere dwarfs; the Brooks so narrow, Fields so small.
+                                                         1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Hart-Leap Well_, l. 117 (vol. ii. p. 134).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HOW SWEET IT IS, WHEN MOTHER FANCY ROCKS"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks
+    The wayward brain, to saunter through a wood!
+    An old place, full of many a lovely brood,
+    Tall trees, green arbours, and ground-flowers in flocks;
+    And wild rose tip-toe upon hawthorn stocks,                  5
+    Like a bold Girl, who plays her agile pranks[1]
+    At Wakes and Fairs with wandering Mountebanks,--
+    When she stands cresting the Clown's head, and mocks
+    The crowd beneath her. Verily I think,
+    Such place to me is sometimes like a dream                  10
+    Or map of the whole world: thoughts, link by link,
+    Enter through ears and eyesight, with such gleam
+    Of all things, that at last in fear I shrink,
+    And leap at once from the delicious stream.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Like to a bonny Lass, who plays her pranks         1807.
+
+
+
+
+"THOSE WORDS WERE UTTERED AS IN PENSIVE MOOD"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+      ----"they are of the sky,
+      And from our earthly memory fade away."[A]
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Those[1] words were uttered as in pensive mood[2]
+    We turned, departing from[3] that solemn sight:
+    A contrast and reproach to[4] gross delight,
+    And life's unspiritual pleasures daily wooed!
+    But now upon this thought I cannot brood;                    5
+    It is unstable as a dream of night;[5]
+    Nor will I praise a cloud, however bright,
+    Disparaging Man's gifts, and proper food.
+    Grove, isle, with every shape of sky-built dome,[6]
+    Though clad in colours beautiful and pure,                  10
+    Find in the heart of man no natural home:
+    The immortal Mind craves objects that endure:
+    These cleave to it; from these it cannot roam,
+    Nor they from it: their fellowship is secure.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1838.
+
+      These ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... utter'd in a pensive mood.                     1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Even while mine eyes were on ...                   1807.
+
+      Mine eyes yet lingering on ...                     1815.
+
+[4] 1807.
+
+      A silent counter part of ...                         MS.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      It is unstable, and deserts me quite;              1807.
+
+[6] 1827.
+
+      The Grove, the sky-built Temple, and the Dome,     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See the sonnet _Composed after a Journey across the Hambleton Hills,
+Yorkshire_, vol. ii. p. 349.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WITH HOW SAD STEPS, O MOON, THOU CLIMB'ST THE SKY"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+In the edition of 1815, this was placed among the "Poems of the Fancy."
+In 1820 it became one of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky,
+    "How silently, and with how wan a face!"[A]
+    Where art thou? Thou so often seen on high[1]
+    Running among the clouds a Wood-nymph's race!
+    Unhappy Nuns, whose common breath's a sigh                   5
+    Which they would stifle, move at such a pace!
+    The northern Wind, to call thee to the chase,
+    Must blow to-night his bugle horn. Had I
+    The power of Merlin, Goddess! this should be:
+    And all the stars, fast as the clouds were riven,[2]        10
+    Should sally forth, to keep thee company,[3]
+    Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue heaven;[4]
+    But, Cynthia! should to thee the palm be given,
+    Queen both for beauty and for majesty.
+
+
+The sonnet of Sir Philip Sidney's, from which the two first lines are
+taken, is No. XXXI. in _Astrophel and Stella_. In the edition of 1807
+these lines were printed, not as a sonnet, but as No. III. in the series
+of "Poems composed during a Tour, chiefly on foot;" and in 1807 and 1815
+the first two lines were placed within quotation marks.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... Thou whom I have seen on high                  1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      And all the Stars, now shrouded up in heaven,      1807.
+
+      And the keen Stars, fast as the clouds were riven,
+                                                         1820.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+      Should sally forth, an emulous Company,            1820.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[4] 1840.
+
+      What strife would then be yours, fair Creatures, driv'n
+      Now up, now down, and sparkling in your glee!      1807.
+
+      Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                         1820.
+
+      All hurrying with thee through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                         1832.
+
+      In that keen sport along the plain, of heaven;     1837.
+
+                             ... in emulous company
+      Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                   1838 and C.
+
+      Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue Heaven. C.
+
+      With emulous brightness through the clear blue Heaven.
+                                                            C.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] From a sonnet of Sir Philip Sydney.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+"THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US; LATE AND SOON"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    The world is too much with us; late and soon,
+    Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:
+    Little we see in Nature that is ours;
+    We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
+    This[1] Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;                5
+    The winds that will be howling at all hours,
+    And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers;
+    For this, for every thing, we are out of tune;
+    It moves us not.--Great God! I'd rather be
+    A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;                         10
+    So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,[A]
+    Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
+    Have sight of Proteus rising[2] from the sea;[B]
+    Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.[C]
+
+
+The "pleasant lea" referred to in this sonnet is unknown. It may have
+been on the Cumbrian coast, or in the Isle of Man.
+
+I am indebted to the Rev. Canon Ainger for suggesting an (unconscious)
+reminiscence of Spenser in the last line of the sonnet. Compare Dr.
+Arnold's commentary (_Miscellaneous Works of Thomas Arnold_, p. 311),
+and that of Sir Henry Taylor in his _Notes from Books_.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      The ...                                              MS.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... coming ...                                     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Spenser's _Colin Clout's come Home againe_, l. 283--
+
+      "A goodly pleasant lea."                             ED.
+
+[B] Compare _Paradise Lost_, book iii. l. 603.
+
+[C] See _Colin Clout's come Home againe_, ll. 244-5--
+
+      Of them the shepheard which hath charge in chief,
+      Is Triton, blowing loud his wreathèd horne.          ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WITH SHIPS THE SEA WAS SPRINKLED FAR AND NIGH"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh,[A]
+    Like stars in heaven, and joyously it showed;
+    Some lying fast at anchor in the road,
+    Some veering up and down, one knew not why.
+    A goodly Vessel did I then espy                              5
+    Come like a giant from a haven broad;
+    And lustily along the bay she strode,
+    Her tackling rich, and of apparel high.[B]
+    This Ship was nought to me, nor I to her,
+    Yet I pursued her with a Lover's look;                      10
+    This Ship to all the rest did I prefer:
+    When will she turn, and whither? She will brook
+    No tarrying; where She comes the winds must stir:
+    On went She, and due north her journey took.[C]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Excursion_, book iv. l. 1197--
+
+                ... sea with ships
+      Sprinkled ...                                        ED.
+
+[B] In the editions of 1815 to 1832 (but not in 1807) this line was
+printed within inverted commas. The quotation marks were dropped,
+however, in subsequent editions (as in the quotation from Spenser, in
+the poem _Beggars_). In a note at the end of the volumes of 1807,
+Wordsworth says, "From a passage in Skelton, which I cannot here insert,
+not having the Book at hand."
+
+The passage is as follows--
+
+      Her takelynge ryche, and of hye apparayle.
+
+                  Skelton's _Bowge of Courte_, stanza vi.--ED.
+
+[C] See Professor H. Reed's note to the American edition of _Memoirs of
+Wordsworth_, vol. i. p. 335; and Wordsworth's comment on Mrs. Fermor's
+criticism of this sonnet in his letter to Lady Beaumont, May 21,
+1807.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WHERE LIES THE LAND TO WHICH YON SHIP MUST GO?"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?
+    Fresh as a lark mounting at break of day,
+    Festively she puts forth in trim array;[1]
+    Is she for tropic suns, or polar snow?
+    What boots the inquiry?--Neither friend nor foe              5
+    She cares for; let her travel where she may,
+    She finds familiar names, a beaten way
+    Ever before her, and a wind to blow.
+    Yet still I ask, what haven is her mark?
+    And, almost as it was when ships were rare,                 10
+    (From time to time, like Pilgrims, here and there
+    Crossing the waters) doubt, and something dark,
+    Of the old Sea some reverential fear,
+    Is with me at thy farewell, joyous Bark!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Festively she puts forth in trim array;
+      As vigorous as a Lark at break of day:             1807.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    O gentle sleep! do they belong to thee,
+    These twinklings of oblivion? Thou dost love
+    To sit in meekness, like the brooding Dove,
+    A captive never wishing to be free.
+    This tiresome night, O Sleep! thou art to me                 5
+    A Fly, that up and down himself doth shove
+    Upon a fretful rivulet, now above
+    Now on the water vexed with mockery.
+    I have no pain that calls for patience, no;[A]
+    Hence am I[1] cross and peevish as a child:                 10
+    Am[2] pleased by fits to have thee for my foe,
+    Yet ever willing to be reconciled:
+    O gentle Creature! do not use me so,
+    But once and deeply let me be beguiled.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      ... I am ...                                       1815.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[2] 1807.
+
+      And ...                                            1815.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare--"Et c'est encore ce qui me fâche, de n'etre pas même en
+droit de ... fâcher."--Rousseau, _La Nouvelle Héloïse_.
+
+      "Vixque tenet lacrymas; quia nil lacrymabile cernit."
+
+                  Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, lib. ii. l. 796.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Fond words have oft been spoken to thee, Sleep!
+    And thou hast had thy store of tenderest names;
+    The very sweetest, Fancy culls or frames,[1]
+    When thankfulness of heart is strong and deep!
+    Dear Bosom-child we call thee, that dost steep               5
+    In rich reward all suffering; Balm that tames
+    All anguish; Saint that evil thoughts and aims
+    Takest away, and into souls dost creep,
+    Like to a breeze from heaven. Shall I alone,
+    I surely not a man ungently made,                           10
+    Call thee worst Tyrant by which Flesh is crost?
+    Perverse, self-willed to own and to disown,
+    Mere slave of them who never for thee prayed,
+    Still last to come where thou art wanted most!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      The very sweetest words that fancy frames          1807.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    A flock of sheep that leisurely pass by,
+    One after one; the sound of rain, and bees
+    Murmuring; the fall of rivers, winds and seas,
+    Smooth fields, white sheets of water, and pure sky;
+    I have thought of all by turns, and yet do lie[1]            5
+    Sleepless[A]! and soon the small birds' melodies
+    Must hear, first uttered from my orchard trees;
+    And the first cuckoo's melancholy cry.
+    Even thus last night, and two nights more, I lay,
+    And could not win thee, Sleep! by any stealth:              10
+    So do not let me wear to-night away:
+    Without Thee what is all the morning's wealth?
+    Come, blessed barrier between[2] day and day,
+    Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health!
+
+
+Compare Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, book xi. l. 623; _Macbeth_, act II. scene
+ii. l. 39; _King Henry IV._, Part II., act III. scene i. l. 5;
+_Midsummer Night's Dream_, act III. scene ii. l. 435.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      I've thought of all by turns; and still I lie      1807.
+
+      By turns have all been thought of; yet I lie       1827.
+
+      I thought of all by turns, and yet I lie           1837.
+
+      I have thought ...                                 1838.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      ... betwixt ...                                    1807.
+
+      ... between night and day,                           MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Faërie Queene_, book I. canto i. stanza 41--
+
+      And more to lulle him in his slumber soft,
+      A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe,
+      And ever-drizling raine upon the loft,
+      Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne
+      Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne.          ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE MEMORY OF RAISLEY CALVERT
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This young man, Raisley Calvert, to whom I was so much indebted, died
+at Penrith, 1795.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Calvert! it must not be unheard by them
+    Who may respect my name, that I to thee
+    Owed many years of early liberty.
+    This care was thine when sickness did condemn
+    Thy youth to hopeless wasting, root and stem--               5
+    That I, if frugal and severe, might stray
+    Where'er I liked; and finally array
+    My temples with the Muse's diadem.
+    Hence, if in freedom I have loved the truth;
+    If there be aught of pure, or good, or great,               10
+    In my past verse; or shall be, in the lays
+    Of higher mood, which now I meditate;--
+    It gladdens me, O worthy, short-lived, Youth!
+    To think how much of this will be thy praise.
+
+
+Raisley Calvert was the son of R. Calvert, steward to the Duke of
+Norfolk. Writing to Sir George Beaumont, on the 20th February 1805,
+Wordsworth said, "I should have been forced into one of the professions"
+(the church or law) "by necessity, had not a friend left me £900. This
+bequest was from a young man with whom, though I call him friend, I had
+but little connection; and the act was done entirely from a confidence
+on his part that I had powers and attainments which might be of use to
+mankind.... Upon the interest of the £900, and £100 legacy to my sister,
+and £100 more which the 'Lyrical Ballads' have brought me, my sister and
+I contrived to live seven years, nearly eight." To his friend Matthews
+he wrote, November 7th, 1794, "My friend" (Calvert) "has every symptom
+of a confirmed consumption, and I cannot think of quitting him in his
+present debilitated state." And in January 1795 he wrote to Matthews
+from Penrith (where Calvert was staying), "I have been here for some
+time. I am still much engaged with my sick friend; and am sorry to add
+that he worsens daily ... he is barely alive." In a letter to Dr. Joshua
+Stanger of Keswick, written in the year 1842, Wordsworth referred thus
+to Raisley Calvert. Dr. Calvert--a nephew of Raisley, and son of the W.
+Calvert whom the poet accompanied to the Isle of Wight and Salisbury in
+1793--had just died. "His removal (Dr. Calvert's) has naturally thrown
+my mind back as far as Dr. Calvert's grandfather, his father, and sister
+(the former of whom was, as you know, among my intimate friends), and
+his uncle Raisley, whom I have so much cause to remember with gratitude
+for his testamentary remembrance of me, when the greatest part of my
+patrimony was kept back from us by injustice. It may be satisfactory to
+your wife for me to declare that my friend's bequest enabled me to
+devote myself to literary pursuits, independent of any necessity to look
+at pecuniary emolument, so that my talents, such as they might be, were
+free to take their natural course. Your brothers Raisley and William
+were both so well known to me, and I have so many reasons to respect
+them, that I cannot forbear saying, that my sympathy with this last
+bereavement is deepened by the remembrance that they both have been
+taken from you...." On October 1, 1794, Wordsworth wrote from Keswick to
+Ensign William Calvert about his brother Raisley. (The year is not given
+in the letter, but it must have been 1794.) He tells him that Raisley
+was determined to set out for Lisbon; but that he (Wordsworth) could not
+brook the idea of his going alone; and that he wished to accompany his
+friend and stay with him, till his health was re-established. He adds,
+"Reflecting that his return is uncertain, your brother requests me to
+inform you that he has drawn out his will, which he means to get
+executed in London. The purport of his will is to leave you all his
+property, real and personal, chargeable with a legacy of £600 to me, in
+case that, on inquiry into the state of our affairs in London, he should
+think it advisable to do so. It is at my request that this information
+is communicated to you." Calvert did not live to go south; and he
+changed the sum left to Wordsworth from £600 to £900. The relationship
+of the two men suggests the somewhat parallel one between Spinoza and
+Simon de Vries.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"METHOUGHT I SAW THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The latter part of this sonnet was a great favourite with my sister S.
+H. When I saw her lying in death, I could not resist the impulse to
+compose the Sonnet that follows it.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne
+    Which mists and vapours from mine eyes did shroud--
+    Nor view of who might sit[1] thereon allowed;
+    But all the steps and ground about were strown
+    With sights the ruefullest that flesh and bone               5
+    Ever put on; a miserable crowd,
+    Sick, hale, old, young, who cried before that cloud,
+    "Thou art our king, O Death! to thee we groan."
+    Those steps I clomb; the mists before me gave[2]
+    Smooth way; and I beheld the face of one                    10
+    Sleeping alone within a mossy cave,
+    With her face up to heaven; that seemed to have
+    Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone;
+    A lovely Beauty in a summer grave!
+
+
+"The Sonnet that follows," referred to in the Fenwick note, is one
+belonging to the year 1836, beginning--
+
+      Even so for me a Vision sanctified.
+
+See the note to that sonnet.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... of him who sate ...                            1807.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      I seem'd to mount those steps; the vapours gave    1807.
+
+      Those steps I mounted, as the vapours gave         1837.
+
+      ... while the vapours gave                         1838.
+
+      Those steps I clomb; the opening vapours gave
+                                                  C. and 1840.
+
+
+
+
+LINES
+
+Composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening, after a stormy day,
+  the Author having just read in a Newspaper that the dissolution of
+  Mr. Fox was hourly expected.
+
+Composed September 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+This poem was ranked among the "Epitaphs and Elegiac Pieces."--ED.
+
+
+    Loud is the Vale! the Voice is up
+    With which she speaks when storms are gone,
+    A mighty unison of streams!
+    Of all her Voices, One!
+
+    Loud is the Vale;--this inland Depth                         5
+    In peace is roaring like the Sea;
+    Yon star upon the mountain-top
+    Is listening quietly.
+
+    Sad was I, even to pain deprest,
+    Importunate and heavy load![A]                              10
+    The Comforter hath found me here,
+    Upon this lonely road;
+
+    And many thousands now are sad--
+    Wait the fulfilment of their fear;
+    For he must die who is their stay,                          15
+    Their glory disappear.
+
+    A Power is passing from the earth
+    To breathless Nature's dark abyss;
+    But when the great and good depart[1]
+    What is it more than this--                                 20
+
+    That Man, who is from God sent forth,
+    Doth yet again to God return?--
+    Such ebb and flow must ever be,
+    Then wherefore should we mourn?
+
+
+Charles James Fox died September 13, 1806. He was Minister for Foreign
+Affairs at the time, having assumed office on the 5th February, shortly
+after the death of William Pitt. Wordsworth's sadness on this occasion,
+his recognition of Fox as great and good, and as "a Power" that was
+"passing from the earth," may have been due partly to personal and
+political sympathy, but also probably to Fox's appreciation of the
+better side of the French Revolution, and to his welcoming the pacific
+proposals of Talleyrand, perhaps also to his efforts for the abolition
+of slavery.
+
+The "lonely road" referred to in these _Lines_, was, in all likelihood,
+the path from Town-end towards the Swan Inn past the Hollins, Grasmere.
+A "mighty unison of streams" may be heard there any autumn evening after
+a stormy day, and especially after long continued rain, the sound of
+waters from Easdale, from Greenhead Ghyll, and the slopes of Silver How,
+blending with that of the Rothay in the valley below. Compare Dorothy
+Wordsworth's _Recollections of a Tour made in Scotland_, in 1803, p. 229
+(edition 1874).--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      But when the Mighty pass away                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Importuna e grave salma. (Michael Angelo.)--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER, 1806
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty," re-named in 1845,
+"Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Another year!--another deadly blow!
+    Another mighty Empire overthrown!
+    And We are left, or shall be left, alone;
+    The last that dare[1] to struggle with the Foe.
+    'Tis well! from this day forward we shall know               5
+    That in ourselves our safety must be sought;
+    That by our own right hands it must be wrought;
+    That we must stand unpropped, or be laid low.
+    O dastard whom such foretaste[2] doth not cheer!
+    We shall exult, if they who rule the land                   10
+    Be men who hold its many blessings dear,
+    Wise, upright, valiant; not a servile[3] band,
+    Who are to judge of danger which they fear,
+    And honour which they do not understand.[A]
+
+
+Napoleon won the battle of Jena on the 14th October 1806, entered
+Potsdam on the 25th, and Berlin on the 28th; Prince Hohenlohe laid down
+his arms on the 6th November; Blücher surrendered at Lübeck on the 7th;
+Magdeburg was taken on the 8th; on the 14th the French occupied Hanover;
+and on the 21st Napoleon issued his Berlin decree for the blockade of
+England--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      ... dares ...                                      1807.
+
+[2] 1807.
+
+      ... knowledge ...                                    MS.
+
+[3] 1820.
+
+      ... venal ...                                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A]   Who are to judge of danger which they fear
+      And honour which they do not understand.
+
+These two lines from Lord Brooke's _Life of Sir Philip Sydney_--W. W.
+1807.
+
+"Danger which they fear, and honour which they understand not." Words in
+Lord Brooke's _Life of Sir P. Sidney_.--W. W. 1837.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS TO A CHILD
+
+DURING A BOISTEROUS WINTER EVENING
+
+BY MY SISTER
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    What way does the Wind come? What way does he go?
+    He rides over the water, and over the snow,
+    Through wood, and through vale; and, o'er rocky height
+    Which the goat cannot climb, takes his sounding flight;
+    He tosses about in every bare tree,                          5
+    As, if you look up, you plainly may see;
+    But how he will come, and whither he goes,
+    There's never a scholar in England knows.
+    He will suddenly stop in a cunning nook,
+    And ring[1] a sharp 'larum;--but, if you should look,       10
+    There's nothing to see but a cushion of snow
+    Round as a pillow, and whiter than milk,
+    And softer than if it were covered with silk.
+    Sometimes he'll hide in the cave of a rock,
+    Then whistle as shrill as the buzzard cock;                 15
+    --Yet seek him,--and what shall you find in the place?
+    Nothing but silence and empty space;
+    Save, in a corner, a heap of dry leaves,
+    That he's left, for a bed, to[2] beggars or thieves!
+    As soon as 'tis daylight to-morrow, with me                 20
+    You shall go to the orchard, and then you will see
+    That he has been there, and made a great rout,
+    And cracked the branches, and strewn them about;
+    Heaven grant that he spare but that one upright twig
+    That looked up at the sky so proud and big                  25
+    All last summer, as well you know,
+    Studded with apples, a beautiful show!
+    Hark! over the roof he makes a pause,
+    And growls as if he would fix his claws
+    Right in the slates, and with a huge rattle                 30
+    Drive them down, like men in a battle:
+    --But let him range round; he does us no harm,
+    We build up the fire, we're snug and warm;
+    Untouched by his breath see the candle shines bright,
+    And burns with a clear and steady light;                    35
+    Books have we to read,--but that half-stifled knell,
+    Alas! tis the sound[3] of the eight o'clock bell.
+    --Come now we'll to bed! and when we are there
+    He may work his own will, and what shall we care?
+    He may knock at the door,--we'll not let him in;            40
+    May drive at the windows,--we'll laugh at his din;
+    Let him seek his own home wherever it be;
+    Here's a _cozie_ warm house for Edward and me.
+
+
+Wordsworth dated this poem 1806, and said to Miss Fenwick that it was
+written at Grasmere. If it was written "during a boisterous winter
+evening" in 1806, it could not have been written at Grasmere; because
+the Wordsworths spent most of that winter at Coleorton. I am inclined to
+believe that the date which the poet gave is wrong, and that the
+_Address_ really belongs to the year 1805; but, as it is just possible
+that--although referring to winter--it may have been written at Town-end
+in the summer of 1806, it is placed among the poems belonging to the
+latter year.
+
+This _Address_ was translated into French by Mme. Amable Tastu, and
+published in a popular school-book series of extracts, but Wordsworth's
+name is not given along with the translation.
+
+From 1815 to 1843 the authorship was veiled under the title, "by a
+female Friend of the Author." In 1845, it was disclosed, "by my Sister."
+
+In 1815 Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, "We were glad to see the poems
+'by a female friend.' The one of the Wind is masterly, but not new to
+us. Being only three, perhaps you might have clapt a D. at the corner,
+and let it have past as a printer's mark to the uninitiated, as a
+delightful hint to the better instructed. As it is, expect a formal
+criticism on the poems of your female friend, and she must expect it."
+(_The Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. i. p.
+285.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      ... rings ...                                      1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... for ...                                        1815.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+                       ... --hush! that half-stifled knell,
+      Methinks 'tis the sound ...                        1815.
+
+
+
+
+"BROOK! WHOSE SOCIETY THE POET SEEKS"
+
+Composed 1806?--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Brook! whose society the Poet seeks,
+    Intent his wasted spirits to renew;
+    And whom the curious Painter doth pursue
+    Through rocky passes, among flowery creeks,
+    And tracks thee dancing down thy water-breaks;               5
+    If wish were mine some type of thee to view,[1]
+    Thee, and not thee thyself, I would not do
+    Like Grecian Artists, give thee human cheeks,
+    Channels for tears; no Naiad should'st thou be,--
+    Have neither limbs, feet, feathers, joints nor hairs:       10
+    It seems the Eternal Soul is clothed in thee
+    With purer robes than those of flesh and blood,
+    And hath bestowed on thee a safer good;[2]
+    Unwearied joy, and life without its cares.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      If I some type of thee did wish to view,           1815.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      ... a better good;                                 1815.
+
+
+
+
+"THERE IS A LITTLE UNPRETENDING RILL"
+
+Composed 1806?--Published 1820
+
+
+[This Rill trickles down the hill-side into Windermere, near Low-wood.
+My sister and I, on our first visit together to this part of the
+country, walked from Kendal, and we rested to refresh ourselves by the
+side of the lake where the streamlet falls into it. This sonnet was
+written some years after in recollection of that happy ramble, that most
+happy day and hour.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    There is a little unpretending Rill
+    Of limpid water, humbler far than aught[1]
+    That ever among Men or Naiads sought
+    Notice or name!--It quivers down the hill,
+    Furrowing its shallow way with dubious will;                 5
+    Yet to my mind this scanty Stream is brought[2]
+    Oftener than Ganges or the Nile; a thought
+    Of private recollection sweet and still![3]
+    Months perish with their moons; year treads on year;
+    But, faithful Emma! thou with me canst say                  10
+    That, while ten thousand pleasures disappear,
+    And flies their memory fast almost as they,[4]
+    The immortal Spirit of one happy day
+    Lingers beside that Rill,[5] in vision clear.[6]
+
+
+One of the MS. readings of the ninth line of this sonnet gives the date
+of the incident as "now seven years gone"; but I leave the date of
+composition undetermined. If we could know accurately the date of the
+"first visit" to the district with his sister (referred to in the
+Fenwick note), and if we could implicitly trust this MS. reading, it
+might be possible to fix it; but we can do neither. Wordsworth visited
+the Lake District with his sister as early as 1794, and in December 1799
+he took up his abode with her at Dove Cottage. I have no doubt that the
+sonnet belongs to the year 1806, or was composed at an earlier date. As
+to the locality of the rill, the late Rev. R. Perceval Graves, of
+Dublin, wrote to me:--
+
+  "It was in 1843, when quitting the parsonage at Bowness, I went to
+  reside at Dovenest, that, calling one day at Rydal Mount, I was
+  told by both Mr. and Mrs. Wordsworth, as a fact in which I should
+  take a special interest, that the 'little unpretending rill'
+  associated by the poet with 'the immortal spirit of one happy
+  day,' was the rill which, rising near High Skelgill at the back of
+  Wansfell, descends steeply down the hill-side, passes behind the
+  house at Dovenest, and crossing beneath the road, enters the lake
+  near the gate of the drive which leads up to Dovenest.
+
+  "The authority on which I give this information is decisive of the
+  question. I have often traced upwards the course of the rill; and
+  the secluded hollow, which by its source is beautified with fresh
+  herbage and wild straggling bushes, was a favourite haunt of
+  mine."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      There is a tiny water, neither rill,
+      Motionless well, nor running brook, nor aught        MS.
+
+      There is a noiseless water, neither rill,
+      Nor spring enclosed in sculptured stone, nor aught   MS.
+
+      There is a trickling water, neither rill,
+      Fountain inclosed, or rivulet, nor aught       MS. 1806.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+                        ... It trickles down the hill,
+      So feebly, just for love of power and will,
+      Yet to my mind the nameless thing is brought         MS.
+
+                        ... It totters down the hill,
+      So feebly, quite forlorn of power and will;
+      Yet nameless Thing it to my mind is brought          MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Oftener than mightiest Floods, whose path is wrought
+      Through wastes of sand, and forests dark and chill.
+                                                         1820.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      Do thou, even thou, O faithful Anna! say
+      Why this small Streamlet is to me so dear;
+      Thou know'st, that while enjoyments disappear
+      And sweet remembrances like flowers decay,         1820.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      Lingers upon its marge, ...                        1820.
+
+[6] 1820.
+
+      For on that day, now seven years gone, when first
+      Two glad foot-travellers, through sun and shower
+      My Love and I came hither, while thanks burst
+      Out of our hearts ...
+      We from that blessed water slaked our thirst.        MS.
+
+      ... seven years back, ...
+
+                    ... hearts to God for that good hour,
+      Eating a traveller's meal in shady bower,
+      We ...                                               MS.
+
+
+
+
+1807
+
+
+In few instances is it more evident that the dates which Wordsworth
+affixed to his poems, in the editions of 1815, 1820, 1836, and
+1845,--and those assigned in the Fenwick notes--cannot be absolutely
+relied upon, than in the case of the poems referring to Coleorton.
+Trusting to these dates, in the absence of contrary evidence, one would
+naturally assign the majority of the Coleorton poems to the year 1808.
+But it is clear that, while the sonnet _To Lady Beaumont_ may have been
+written in 1806, the "Inscription" _For a Seat in the Groves of
+Coleorton_, beginning--
+
+      Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+
+was written, not in 1808 (as stated by Wordsworth himself), but in 1811;
+and that the other "Inscription" designed for a Niche in the
+Winter-garden at Coleorton, belongs (I think) to the same year; a year
+in which he also wrote the sonnet on Sir George Beaumont's picture of
+Bredon Hill and Cloud Hill, beginning--
+
+      Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay.
+
+When the dates are so difficult to determine, there is a natural fitness
+in bringing all the poems referring to Coleorton together, so far as
+this can be done without seriously interfering with chronological order.
+The two "Inscriptions" intended for the Coleorton grounds, which were
+written at Grasmere in 1811, are therefore printed along with the poems
+of 1807; the precise date of each being given--so far as it can be
+ascertained--underneath its title.
+
+Several political sonnets, and others, were written in 1807; also the
+_Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle_, and the first and larger part of
+_The White Doe of Rylstone_, with a few minor fragments. But, for
+reasons stated in the notes to _The White Doe of Rylstone_ (see p.
+191), I have assigned that poem to the year 1808. The _Song at the Feast
+of Brougham Castle_ forms as natural a preface to _The White Doe_, as
+_The Force of Prayer, a Tradition of Bolton Abbey_, is its natural
+appendix. The latter was written, however, before _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_ was finished.
+
+It would be easier to fix the date of some of the poems written between
+the years 1806 and 1808, if we knew the exact month in which the two
+volumes of 1807 were published; but this, I fear, it is impossible to
+discover now.
+
+On November 10th, 1806, Wordsworth wrote to Sir George Beaumont from
+Coleorton, "In a day or two I mean to send a sheet or two of my intended
+volume to the press" (evidently referring to the "Poems" of 1807). On
+the following day--11th November 1806--Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady
+Beaumont, "William has written two other poems, which you will see when
+they are printed. He composes frequently in the grove.... We have not
+yet received a sheet from the printer." On the 15th November 1806 she
+again wrote to Lady Beaumont (from Coleorton), "My brother works very
+hard at his poems, preparing them for the press. Miss Hutchinson is the
+transcriber." In a subsequent letter from Coleorton, undated, but
+bearing the post-mark February 18, 1807, she is speaking of her
+brother's poetical labour, and says, "He must go on, when he begins: and
+any interruptions (such as attending to the progress of the workmen and
+planning the garden) are of the greatest use to him; for, after a
+certain time, the progress is by no means proportioned to the labour in
+composition; and if he is called from it by other thoughts, he returns
+to it with ten times the pleasure, and the work goes on proportionately
+the more rapidly." From this we may infer that the years 1806-7 were
+productive ones, but it is disappointing that the dates of the
+composition of the poems are so difficult to determine.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO LADY BEAUMONT
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The winter garden of Coleorton, fashioned out of an old quarry, under
+the superintendence and direction of Mrs. Wordsworth and my sister
+Dorothy, during the winter and spring we resided there.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Lady! the songs of Spring were in the grove
+    While I was shaping beds for[1] winter flowers;
+    While I was planting green unfading bowers,
+    And shrubs--to hang upon the warm alcove,
+    And sheltering wall; and still, as Fancy wove                5
+    The dream, to time and nature's blended powers
+    I gave this paradise for winter hours,
+    A labyrinth, Lady! which your feet shall rove.
+    Yes! when the sun of life more feebly shines,
+    Becoming thoughts, I trust, of solemn gloom                 10
+    Or of high gladness you shall hither bring;
+    And these perennial bowers and murmuring pines
+    Be gracious as the music and the bloom
+    And all the mighty ravishment of spring.
+
+
+The title, _To Lady Beaumont_, was first given in 1845. In 1807 it was
+_To the ----_; in 1815, _To the Lady ----_; and from 1820 to 1843, _To
+the Lady Beaumont_.
+
+This winter garden, fashioned by the Wordsworths out of the old quarry
+at Coleorton, during Sir George and Lady Beaumont's absence in 1807,
+exists very much as it was at the beginning of the century. The
+"perennial bowers and murmuring pines" may still be seen, little altered
+since 1807. The late Sir George Beaumont (whose grandfather was
+first-cousin to the artist Sir George, Wordsworth's friend), with strong
+reverence for the past, and for the traditions of literary men which
+have made the district famous since the days of his ancestor Beaumont
+the dramatist, and especially for the memorials of Wordsworth's ten
+months' residence at Coleorton,--took a pleasure in preserving these
+memorials, very much as they were when he entered in possession of the
+estates of his ancestors. Such a reverence for the past is not only
+consistent with the "improvement" of an estate, and its belongings; it
+is a part of it. Wordsworth, and his wife and sister, were adepts in the
+laying out of grounds. (See the reference to the poet's joint labour
+with Wilkinson at Yanwath, p. 2.) It was the Wordsworths also, I
+believe, who designed the grounds of Fox How--Dr. Arnold's residence,
+near Ambleside. Similar memorials of the poet survive at Hallsteads,
+Ullswater. The following is an extract from the letter of Dorothy
+Wordsworth to Lady Beaumont above referred to, and having the post-mark
+of February 18, 1807. "For more than a week we have had the most
+delightful weather. If William had but waited a few days, it would have
+been no anticipation when he said to you, 'the songs of Spring were in
+the grove;' for all this week the birds have chanted from morn till
+evening, larks, blackbirds, thrushes, and far more than I can name, and
+the busy rooks have joined their happy voices."
+
+Wordsworth, writing to Sir George Beaumont, November 16, 1811, says, "I
+remember, Mr. Bowles, the poet, objected to the word 'ravishment' at the
+end of the sonnet to the winter-garden; yet it has the authority of all
+the first-rate poets, for instance, Milton:
+
+      'In whose sight all things joy, _with ravishment_,
+      Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze'...."
+                                                           ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... framing beds of ...                            1807.
+
+      ... for ...                                        1815.
+
+
+
+
+A PROPHECY. FEBRUARY, 1807
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty," re-named in 1845,
+"Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    High deeds, O Germans, are to come from you!
+    Thus in your books the record shall be found,
+    "A watchword was pronounced, a potent sound--
+    ARMINIUS![A]--all the people quaked like dew
+    Stirred by the breeze; they rose, a Nation, true,            5
+    True to herself[1]--the mighty Germany,
+    She of the Danube and the Northern Sea,
+    She rose, and off at once the yoke she threw.
+    All power was given her in the dreadful trance;
+    Those new-born Kings she withered like a flame."[B]         10
+    --Woe to them all! but heaviest woe and shame
+    To that Bavarian who could[2] first advance
+    His banner in accursed league with France,[C]
+    First open traitor to the German name![3]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... itself ...                                     1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... did ...                                        1807.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... to her sacred name!                            1807.
+
+      ... to a ...                                       1820.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Arminius, or Hermann, the liberator of Germany from the Roman power,
+A.D. 9-17. Tacitus says of him, "He was without doubt the deliverer of
+Germany; and, unlike other kings and generals, he attacked the Roman
+people, not at the commencement, but in the fullness of their power: in
+battles he was not always successful, but he was invincible in war. He
+still lives in the songs of the barbarians."--ED.
+
+[B] The "new-born Kings" were the lesser German potentates, united in
+the Confederation of the Rhine. By a treaty signed at Paris (July 12th,
+1806), by Talleyrand, and the ministers of twelve sovereign houses of
+the Empire, these princes declared themselves perpetually severed from
+Germany, and united together as the Confederate States of the Rhine, of
+which the Emperor of the French was declared Protector.--ED.
+
+[C] On December 11, 1806, Napoleon concluded a treaty with Frederick
+Augustus, the Elector of Saxony--who had been secretly on the side of
+France for some time--to whom he gave additional territories, and the
+title of King, admitting him into "the Confederation of the Rhine." He
+had fallen, as one of the Prussian statesmen put it, into "that lowest
+of degradations, to steal at another man's bidding."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THOUGHT OF A BRITON ON THE SUBJUGATION OF SWITZERLAND
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This was composed while pacing to and fro between the Hall of
+Coleorton, then rebuilding, and the principal Farmhouse of the Estate,
+in which we lived for nine or ten months. I will here mention that the
+_Song on the Restoration of Lord Clifford_, as well as that on the
+_Feast of Brougham Castle_, were produced on the same ground.--I. F.]
+
+This sonnet was classed among those "dedicated to Liberty," re-named in
+1845, "Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Two Voices are there; one is of the sea,
+    One of the mountains; each a mighty Voice:
+    In both from age to age thou didst rejoice,
+    They were thy chosen music, Liberty!
+    There came a Tyrant, and with holy glee                      5
+    Thou fought'st against him; but hast vainly striven:
+    Thou from thy Alpine holds at length art driven,
+    Where not a torrent murmurs heard by thee.
+    Of one deep bliss thine ear hath been bereft:
+    Then cleave, O cleave to that which still is left;          10
+    For, high-souled Maid, what sorrow would it be
+    That Mountain floods should thunder as before,
+    And Ocean bellow from his rocky shore,
+    And neither awful Voice be heard by thee!
+
+
+In 1807 the whole of the Continent of Europe was prostrate under the
+power of Napoleon. It is impossible to say to what special incident, if
+to any in particular, Wordsworth refers in the phrase, "with holy glee
+thou fought'st against him;" but, as the sonnet was composed at
+Coleorton in 1807--after the battles of Austerlitz and Jena, and
+Napoleon's practical mastery of Europe--our knowing the particular event
+or events in Swiss history to which he refers, would not add much to our
+understanding of the poem.
+
+In the Fenwick note Wordsworth incorrectly separates his _Song on the
+Restoration of Lord Clifford_ from the _Feast of Brougham Castle_. They
+are the same song.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THOMAS CLARKSON, ON THE FINAL PASSING OF THE BILL FOR THE ABOLITION
+  OF THE SLAVE TRADE, MARCH, 1807
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Clarkson! it was an obstinate hill to climb:
+    How toilsome--nay, how dire--it was, by thee
+    Is known; by none, perhaps, so feelingly:
+    But thou, who, starting in thy fervent prime,
+    Didst first lead forth that enterprise[1] sublime,           5
+    Hast heard the constant Voice its charge repeat,
+    Which, out of thy young heart's oracular seat,
+    First roused thee.--O true yoke-fellow of Time,
+    Duty's intrepid liegeman, see,[2] the palm
+    Is won, and by all Nations shall be worn!                   10
+    The blood-stained Writing is for ever torn;
+    And thou henceforth wilt have[3] a good man's calm,
+    A great man's happiness; thy zeal shall find
+    Repose at length, firm friend of human kind!
+
+
+On the 25th of March 1807, the Royal assent was given to the Bill for
+the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The movement for its abolition was
+begun by Wilberforce, and carried on by Clarkson. Its abolition was
+voted by the House of Lords on the motion of Lord Grenville, and by the
+Commons on the motion of Charles James Fox, on the 10th of June 1806.
+The bill was read a second time in the Lords on the 5th of February, and
+became law on the 25th of March 1807.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... this pilgrimage ...                            1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      With unabating effort, see, ...                    1807.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      The bloody Writing is for ever torn,
+      And Thou henceforth shalt have ...                 1807.
+
+
+
+
+THE MOTHER'S RETURN
+
+BY MY SISTER
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    A month, sweet Little-ones, is past
+    Since your dear Mother went away,--
+    And she to-morrow will return;
+    To-morrow is the happy day.
+
+    O blessed tidings! thought of joy!                           5
+    The eldest heard with steady glee;
+    Silent he stood; then laughed amain,--
+    And shouted, "Mother, come to me!"
+
+    Louder and louder did he shout,
+    With witless hope to bring her near;                        10
+    "Nay, patience! patience, little boy!
+    Your tender mother cannot hear."
+
+    I told of hills, and far-off towns,
+    And long, long vales to travel through;--
+    He listens, puzzled, sore perplexed,                        15
+    But he submits; what can he do?
+
+    No strife disturbs his sister's breast;
+    She wars not with the mystery
+    Of time and distance, night and day;
+    The bonds of our humanity.                                  20
+
+    Her joy is like an instinct, joy
+    Of kitten, bird, or summer fly;
+    She dances, runs without an aim,
+    She chatters in her ecstasy.
+
+    Her brother now takes up the note,                          25
+    And echoes back his sister's glee;
+    They hug the infant in my arms,
+    As if to force his sympathy.
+
+    Then, settling into fond discourse,
+    We rested in the garden bower;                              30
+    While sweetly shone the evening sun
+    In his departing hour.
+
+    We told o'er all that we had done,--
+    Our rambles by the swift brook's side
+    Far as the willow-skirted pool,                             35
+    Where two fair swans together glide.
+
+    We talked of change, of winter gone,
+    Of green leaves on the hawthorn spray,
+    Of birds that build their nests and sing,
+    And all "since Mother went away!"                           40
+
+    To her these tales they will repeat,
+    To her our new-born tribes will show,
+    The goslings green, the ass's colt,
+    The lambs that in the meadow go.
+
+    --But, see, the evening star comes forth!                   45
+    To bed the children must depart;
+    A moment's heaviness they feel,
+    A sadness at the heart:
+
+    'Tis gone--and in a merry fit
+    They run up stairs in gamesome race;                        50
+    I, too, infected by their mood,
+    I could have joined the wanton chase.
+
+    Five minutes past--and, O the change!
+    Asleep upon their beds they lie;
+    Their busy limbs in perfect rest,                           55
+    And closed the sparkling eye.
+
+
+The Fenwick note is inaccurate. These lines were written by Dorothy
+Wordsworth at Coleorton, on the eve of her brother and sister's return
+from London, in the spring of 1807, whither they had gone for a
+month--Dorothy remaining at Coleorton, in charge of the children.
+Previous to 1845, the poem was attributed to "a female Friend of the
+Author."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+GIPSIES
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Composed at Coleorton. I had observed them, as here described, near
+Castle Donnington, on my way to and from Derby.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Yet are they here the same unbroken knot
+    Of human Beings, in the self-same spot!
+        Men, women, children, yea the frame
+        Of the whole spectacle the same!
+    Only their fire seems bolder, yielding light,                5
+    Now deep and red, the colouring of night;
+        That on their Gipsy-faces falls,
+        Their bed of straw and blanket-walls.
+    --Twelve hours, twelve bounteous hours are gone, while I
+    Have been a traveller under open sky,                       10
+        Much witnessing of change and cheer,
+        Yet as I left I find them here!
+    The weary Sun betook himself to rest;--
+    Then issued Vesper from the fulgent west,
+        Outshining like a visible God                           15
+        The glorious path in which he trod.
+    And now, ascending, after one dark hour
+    And one night's diminution of her power,
+        Behold the mighty Moon! this way
+        She looks as if at them--but they                       20
+    Regard not her:--oh better wrong and strife
+    (By nature transient) than this torpid life;
+        Life which the very stars reprove[A]
+        As on their silent tasks they move![1][B]
+    Yet, witness all that stirs in heaven or[2] earth!          25
+    In scorn I speak not;--they are what their birth
+        And breeding suffer[3] them to be;
+        Wild outcasts of society![4]
+
+
+See S. T. Coleridge's criticism of this poem in his _Biographia
+Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 156 (edition 1847).--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1836.
+
+      Regard not her:--oh better wrong and strife
+      Better vain deeds or evil than such life!
+          The silent Heavens have goings on;[C]
+          The stars have tasks--but these have none.     1807.
+
+                            ... wrong and strife,
+      (By nature transient) than such torpid life!
+          The silent Heavens have goings-on;
+          The stars have tasks--but these have none!     1820.
+
+      (By nature transient) than such torpid life;
+          Life which the very stars reprove
+          As on their silent tasks they move!            1827.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... and ...                                        1820.
+
+[3] 1836.
+
+      ... suffers ...                                    1820.
+
+[4] The last four lines were added in 1820.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the _Ode to Duty_, l. 47 (vol. iii. p. 41).--ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in the _Ode to Duty_, l. 48--
+
+      And the most ancient heavens, through Thee, are fresh and strong.--
+                                                           ED.
+
+[C] Compare, in the Fragment, vol. viii., beginning "No doubt if you in
+terms direct had asked," the phrase--
+
+                ... the goings on
+      Of earth and sky.                                    ED.
+
+
+
+
+"O NIGHTINGALE! THOU SURELY ART"
+
+Composed 1807 (probably).--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. (Mrs. W. says, in a note,--"At
+Coleorton.")--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    O Nightingale! thou surely art
+    A creature of a "fiery heart:"--[A][1]
+    These notes of thine--they pierce and pierce;
+    Tumultuous harmony and fierce!
+    Thou sing'st as if the God of wine                           5
+    Had helped thee to a Valentine;[B]
+    A song in mockery and despite
+    Of shades, and dews, and silent night;
+    And steady bliss, and all the loves
+    Now sleeping in these peaceful groves.                      10
+
+    I heard a Stock-dove sing or say
+    His homely tale, this very day;
+    His voice was buried among trees,
+    Yet to be come-at by the breeze:
+    He did not cease; but cooed--and cooed;                     15
+    And somewhat pensively he wooed:
+    He sang of love, with quiet blending,
+    Slow to begin, and never ending;
+    Of serious faith, and inward glee;
+    That was the song--the song for me!                         20
+
+
+Mrs. Wordsworth corrected her husband's note to Miss Fenwick, by adding
+in the MS., "at Coleorton"; and at Coleorton the Wordsworths certainly
+spent the winter of 1806, the Town-end Cottage at Grasmere being too
+small for their increasing household. It is more likely that Wordsworth
+wrote the poem at Coleorton than at Grasmere, and it looks as if it had
+been an evening impromptu, after hearing both the nightingale and the
+stock-dove. There are no nightingales at Grasmere,--they are not heard
+further north than the Trent valley,--while they used to abound in the
+"peaceful groves" of Coleorton. If the locality was--as Mrs. Wordsworth
+states--Coleorton, and if the lines were written after hearing the
+nightingale, the year would be 1807, and not 1806 (the poet's own date).
+The nightingale is a summer visitor in this country, and could not have
+been heard by Wordsworth at Coleorton in 1806, as he did not go south to
+Leicestershire till November in that year. But it is quite possible that
+it was "the stock-dove's voice" that alone suggested the lines, and that
+they were written either in 1806, or (as I think more likely), very
+early in 1807. In the month of January Wordsworth was corresponding with
+Scott about the poems in this edition of 1807.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      A Creature of ebullient heart:--                   1815.
+
+    The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.[C]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Shakespeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III., act I. scene iv. l.
+87.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare the lines in _The Cuckoo and the Nightingale_, vol. ii. p.
+255--
+
+      I heard the lusty Nightingale so sing,
+      That her clear voice made a loud rioting,
+      Echoing through all the green wood wide.             ED.
+
+[C] Henry Crabb Robinson, in his _Diary_ (May 9, 1815), anticipates this
+return to the text of 1807.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"THOUGH NARROW BE THAT OLD MAN'S CARES, AND NEAR"
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+      ----"gives to airy nothing
+      A local habitation and a name."
+
+[Written at Coleorton. This old man's name was Mitchell. He was, in all
+his ways and conversation, a great curiosity, both individually and as a
+representative of past times. His chief employment was keeping watch at
+night by pacing round the house, at that time building, to keep off
+depredators. He has often told me gravely of having seen the Seven
+Whistlers, and the Hounds as here described. Among the groves of
+Coleorton, where I became familiar with the habits and notions of old
+Mitchell, there was also a labourer of whom, I regret, I had no personal
+knowledge; for, more than forty years after, when he was become an old
+man, I learned that while I was composing verses, which I usually did
+aloud, he took much pleasure, unknown to me, in following my steps that
+he might catch the words I uttered; and, what is not a little
+remarkable, several lines caught in this way kept their place in his
+memory. My volumes have lately been given to him by my informant, and
+surely he must have been gratified to meet in print his old
+acquaintances.--I. F.]
+
+In 1815 this sonnet was one of the "Poems belonging to the Period of Old
+Age"; in 1820 it was transferred to the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near,
+    The poor old Man is greater than he seems:
+    For he hath waking empire, wide as dreams;
+    An ample sovereignty of eye and ear.
+    Rich are his walks with supernatural cheer;                  5
+    The region of his inner spirit teems
+    With vital sounds and monitory gleams
+    Of high astonishment and pleasing fear.
+    He the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+    Seen the SEVEN WHISTLERS in their nightly rounds,           10
+    And counted them: and oftentimes will start--
+    For overhead are sweeping GABRIEL'S HOUNDS[A]
+    Doomed, with their impious Lord, the flying Hart
+    To chase for ever, on aërial grounds!
+
+
+To bring all the poems referring to Coleorton together, so far as
+possible, this and the next sonnet are transferred from their places in
+the chronological list, and placed beside the Coleorton "Inscriptions."
+
+I am indebted to Mr. William Kelly of Leicester for the following note
+on the Leicestershire superstition of the Seven Whistlers.
+
+  "There is an old superstition, which it is not easy to get to the
+  bottom of, concerning a certain cry or sound heard in the night,
+  supposed to be produced by the Seven Whistlers. What or who those
+  whistlers are is an unsolved problem. In some districts they are
+  popularly believed to be witches, in others ghosts, in others
+  devils, while in the Midland Counties they are supposed to be
+  birds, either plovers or martins--some say swifts. In
+  Leicestershire it is deemed a bad omen to hear the Seven
+  Whistlers, and our old writers supply many passages illustrative
+  of the popular credulity. Spenser, in his _Faërie Queene_, book
+  II. canto xii. stanza 36, speaks of
+
+      The whistler shrill, that whoso hears doth die.
+
+  Sir Walter Scott, in _The Lady of the Lake_, names the bird with
+  which his character associated the cry--
+
+      And in the plover's shrilly strain
+      The signal whistlers heard again.
+
+  "When the colliers of Leicestershire are flush of money, we are
+  told, and indulge in a drinking bout, they sometimes hear the
+  warning voice of the Seven Whistlers, get sobered and frightened,
+  and will not descend the pit again till next day. Wordsworth
+  speaks of a countryman who
+
+             ... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+      Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,
+      And counted them.
+
+  "A few years ago, during a thunderstorm which passed over
+  Leicestershire, and while vivid lightning was darting through the
+  sky, immense flocks of birds were seen flying about, uttering
+  doleful, affrighted cries as they passed, and keeping up for a
+  long time a continual whistling like that made by some kinds of
+  sea-birds. The number must have been immense, for the local
+  newspapers mentioned the same phenomenon in different parts of the
+  neighbouring counties of Northampton, Leicester, and Lincoln. A
+  gentleman, conversing with a countryman on the following day,
+  asked him what kind of birds he supposed them to have been. The
+  man answered, 'They are what we call the Seven Whistlers,' and
+  added that 'whenever they are heard it is considered a sign of
+  some great calamity, and that the last time he had heard them was
+  on the night before the deplorable explosion of fire damp at the
+  Hartley Colliery.'"
+
+In _Notes and Queries_ there are several allusions to this local
+superstition. In the Fifth Series (vol. ii. p. 264), Oct. 3, 1874, the
+editor gives a summary of several notes on the subject in vol. viii. of
+the Fourth Series (pp. 68, 134, 196, and 268), with additional
+information. He says "record was made of their having been heard in
+Leicestershire; and that the develin or martin, the swift, and the
+plover were probably of the whistling fraternity that frightened men. At
+p. 134 it was shown that Wordsworth had spoken of one who
+
+           ... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+      Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,
+      And counted them.
+
+On the same page, the swift is said to be the true whistler (but, as
+noted at page 196, the swifts never make nightly rounds), and the
+superstition is said to be common in our Midland Counties. At page 268,
+Mr. Pearson put on record that in Lancashire the plovers, whistling as
+they fly, are accounted heralds of ill, though sometimes of trivial
+accident, and that they are there called 'Wandering Jews,' and are said
+to be, or to carry with them, the ever-restless souls of those Jews who
+assisted at the Crucifixion. At page 336, the whistlers are chronicled
+as having been the harbingers of the great Hartley Colliery explosion. A
+correspondent, VIATOR, added, that on the Bosphorus there are flocks of
+birds, the size of a thrush, which fly up and down the channel, and are
+never seen to rest on land or water. The men who rowed Viator's caique
+told him that they were the souls of the damned, condemned to perpetual
+motion. The Seven Whistlers have not furnished chroniclers with later
+circumstances of their tuneful and awful progresses till a week or two
+ago.... The whistlers are also heard and feared in Portugal. See _The
+New Quarterly_ for July 1874, for a record of some travelling experience
+in that country."
+
+Another extract from _Notes and Queries_ is to the following effect:--
+
+  "'Your Excellency laughs at ghosts. But there is no lie about the
+  Seven Whistlers. Many a man besides me has heard them.'
+
+  "'Who are the Seven Whistlers? and have you seen them yourself?'
+
+  "'Not seen, thank Heaven; but I have heard them plenty of times.
+  Some say they are the ghosts of children unbaptized, who are to
+  know no rest till the judgment day. Once last winter I was going
+  with donkeys and a mule to Caia. Just at the moment I stopped by
+  the river bank to tighten the mule's girth, I heard the accursed
+  whistlers coming down the wind along the river. I buried my head
+  under the mule, and never moved till the danger was over; but they
+  passed very near, for I heard the flap and rustle of their wings.'
+
+  "'What was the danger?'
+
+  "'If a man once sees them, heaven only knows what will not happen
+  to him--death and damnation at the very least.'
+
+  "'I have seen them many times. I shot, or tried to shoot them!'
+
+  "'Holy Mother of God! you English are an awful people! You shot
+  the Seven Whistlers?'
+
+  "'Yes; we call them marecos (teal or widgeon) in our country, and
+  shoot them whenever we can. They are better to eat than wild
+  ducks.'"
+
+_Gabriel's Hounds._--"At Wednesbury in Staffordshire, the colliers going
+to their pits early in the morning hear the noise of a pack of hounds in
+the air, to which they give the name of Gabriel's Hounds, though the
+more sober and judicious take them only to be wild geese making this
+noise in their flight." Kennet MS., Lansd. 1033. (See Halliwell's
+_Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, vol. i. p. 388.) The
+peculiar cry or cackle, both of the Brent Goose and of the Bean or
+Harvest Goose (_Anser Segetum_), has often been likened to that of a
+pack of hounds in full cry--especially when the birds are on the wing
+during night. For some account of the superstition of "Gabriel's
+Hounds," see _Notes and Queries_, First Series, vol. v. pp. 534 and 596;
+and vol. xii. p. 470; Second Series, vol. i. p. 80; and Fourth Series,
+vol. vii. p. 299. In the last note these hounds are said to be popularly
+believed to be "the souls of unbaptized children wandering in the air
+till the day of judgment." They are also explained as "a thing in the
+air, that is said in these parts (Sheffield) to foretell calamity,
+sounding like a great pack of beagles in full cry." This quotation is
+from Charles Reade's _Put yourself in his place_, which contains many
+scraps of local folk-lore. The following is from the _Statistical
+History of Kirkmichael_, by the Rev. John Grant. "In the autumnal
+season, when the moon shines from a serene sky, often is the wayfaring
+traveller arrested by the music of the hills. Often struck with a more
+sober scene, he beholds the visionary hunters engaged in the chase, and
+pursuing the deer of the clouds, while the hollow rocks in long
+sounding echoes reverberate their cries." "There are several now living
+who assert that they have seen and heard this aërial hunting." See the
+_Statistical History of Scotland_, edited by Sir J. Sinclair, vol. xii.
+pp. 461, 462. Compare note to _An Evening Walk_, vol. i. p. 19.--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Both these superstitions are prevalent in the midland Counties of
+England: that of "Gabriel's Hounds" appears to be very general over
+Europe; being the same as the one upon which the German Poet, Bürger,
+has founded his Ballad of _The Wild Huntsman_.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED BY THE SIDE OF GRASMERE LAKE. 1807
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1819
+
+
+This sonnet was first published along with _The Waggoner_ in 1819. In
+1820 it was classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets," and in 1827 it
+was transferred to the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty." Previous to 1837
+this sonnet had no title.--ED.
+
+
+    Clouds, lingering yet, extend[1] in solid bars
+    Through the grey west; and lo! these waters, steeled
+    By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield
+    A vivid repetition[2] of the stars;
+    Jove, Venus, and the ruddy crest of Mars                     5
+    Amid his fellows beauteously revealed
+    At happy distance from earth's groaning field,
+    Where ruthless mortals wage incessant wars.
+    Is it a mirror?--or the nether Sphere
+    Opening to view the abyss in which she feeds                10
+    Her own calm fires?[3]--But list! a voice is near;
+    Great Pan himself low-whispering through the reeds,
+    "Be thankful, thou; for, if unholy deeds
+    Ravage the world, tranquillity is here!"
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Eve's lingering clouds extend ...          MS. and 1819.
+
+[2] 1819.
+
+      A bright re-duplication ...                          MS.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      Opening a vast abyss, while fancy feeds
+      On the rich show? ...                                MS.
+
+      Opening its vast abyss, ...                        1819.
+
+      Opening to view the abyss in which it feeds
+      Its own calm fires?-- ...                          1827.
+
+
+
+
+IN THE GROUNDS OF COLEORTON, THE SEAT OF SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT, BART.,
+  LEICESTERSHIRE
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+[In the grounds of Coleorton these verses are engraved on a stone placed
+near the Tree, which was thriving and spreading when I saw it in the
+summer of 1841.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    The embowering rose, the acacia, and the pine,
+    Will[1] not unwillingly their place resign;
+    If but the Cedar thrive that near them stands,
+    Planted by Beaumont's and by Wordsworth's hands.
+    One wooed the silent Art with studious pains:                5
+    These groves have heard the Other's pensive strains;
+    Devoted thus, their spirits did unite
+    By interchange of knowledge and delight.
+    May Nature's kindliest powers sustain the Tree,
+    And Love protect it from all injury!                        10
+    And when its potent branches, wide out-thrown,
+    Darken the brow of this memorial Stone,
+    [2]Here may some Painter sit in future days,
+    Some future Poet meditate his lays;
+    Not mindless of that distant age renowned                   15
+    When Inspiration hovered o'er this ground,
+    The haunt of him who sang how spear and shield
+    In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field;
+    And of that famous Youth, full soon removed
+    From earth, perhaps by Shakspeare's self approved,          20
+    Fletcher's Associate, Jonson's Friend beloved.
+
+
+About twelve years after the last visit of Wordsworth to Coleorton,
+referred to in the Fenwick note--of which the date should, I think, be
+1842, not 1841--this cedar tree fell, uprooted during a storm. It was,
+however, as the Coleorton gardener who was then on the estate told me,
+replanted with much labour, and protected with care; although, the top
+branches being injured, it was never quite the same as it had been.
+During the night of the great storm on the 13th October 1880, however,
+it fell a second time, and perished irretrievably. The memorial stone
+remains, injured a good deal by the wear and tear of time; and the
+inscription is more than half obliterated. It is in a situation much
+more exposed to the elements than the other two inscriptions at
+Coleorton. He
+
+                 who sang how spear and shield
+      In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field,
+
+was Sir John Beaumont, the brother of the dramatist, who wrote a poem on
+the battle of Bosworth. (See one of Wordsworth's notes to the _Song at
+the Feast of Brougham Castle_, p. 84.) The
+
+               famous Youth, full soon removed
+      From earth,
+
+was Francis Beaumont, the dramatist, who wrote in conjunction with
+Fletcher. He died at the age of twenty-nine.
+
+In an undated letter addressed to Sir George Beaumont, Wordsworth wrote,
+"I like your ancestor's verses the more, the more I see of them. They
+are manly, dignified, and extremely harmonious. I do not remember in any
+author of that age such a series of well-tuned couplets."
+
+In another letter written from Grasmere (probably in 1811) to Sir
+George, he says in reference to his own poems, "These inscriptions have
+all one fault, they are too long; but I was unable to do justice to the
+thoughts in less room. The second has brought Sir John Beaumont and his
+brother Francis so livelily to my mind that I recur to the plan of
+republishing the former's poems, perhaps in connection with those of
+Francis."
+
+On November 16, 1811, he wrote to him again, "I am glad that the
+inscriptions please you. It did always appear to me, that inscriptions,
+particularly those in verse, or in a dead language, were never supposed
+_necessarily_ to be the composition of those in whose name they
+appeared. If a more striking or more dramatic effect could be produced,
+I have always thought, that in an epitaph or memorial of any kind, a
+father or husband, etc., might be introduced speaking, without any
+absolute deception being intended; that is, the reader is understood to
+be at liberty to say to himself,--these verses, or this Latin, may be
+the composition of some unknown person, and not that of the father,
+widow, or friend, from whose hand or voice they profess to proceed.... I
+have altered the verses, and I have only to regret that the alteration
+is not more happily done. But I never found anything more difficult. I
+wished to preserve the expression _patrimonial grounds_,[A] but I found
+this impossible, on account of the awkwardness of the pronouns, he and
+his, as applied to Reynolds, and to yourself. This, even when it does
+not produce confusion, is always inelegant. I was, therefore, obliged to
+drop it; so that we must be content, I fear, with the inscription as it
+stands below. I hope it will do. I tried a hundred different ways, but
+cannot hit upon anything better...."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      Shall ...                                          1820.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[2]   And to a favourite resting-place invite,
+      For coolness grateful and a sober light;
+
+    Inserted only in the editions of 1815 and 1820, and in a MS. letter
+    to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See p. 79, l. 13.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+IN A GARDEN OF THE SAME
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[This Niche is in the sandstone-rock in the winter-garden at Coleorton,
+which garden, as has been elsewhere said, was made under our direction
+out of an old unsightly quarry. While the labourers were at work, Mrs.
+Wordsworth, my sister and I used to amuse ourselves occasionally in
+scooping this seat out of the soft stone. It is of the size, with
+something of the appearance, of a stall in a Cathedral. This inscription
+is not engraven, as the former and the two following are, in the
+grounds.--I. F.]
+
+Classed by Wordsworth among his "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Oft is the medal faithful to its trust
+    When temples, columns, towers, are laid in dust;
+    And 'tis a common ordinance of fate
+    That things obscure and small outlive the great:
+    Hence, when yon mansion and the flowery trim                 5
+    Of this fair garden, and its alleys dim,
+    And all its stately trees, are passed away,
+    This little Niche, unconscious of decay,
+    Perchance may still survive. And be it known
+    That it was scooped within[1] the living stone,--           10
+    Not by the sluggish and ungrateful pains
+    Of labourer plodding for his daily gains,
+    But by an industry that wrought in love;
+    With help from female hands, that proudly strove[2]
+    To aid the work, what time these walks and bowers           15
+    Were shaped to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.[3]
+
+
+This niche is still to be seen, although not quite "unconscious of
+decay." The growth of yew-trees, over and around it, has darkened the
+seat; and constant damp has decayed the soft stone. The niche having
+been scooped out by Mrs. Wordsworth and Dorothy, as well as by
+Wordsworth, suggests the cutting of the inscriptions on the Rock of
+Names in 1800, in which they all took part. (See vol. iii. pp. 61, 62.)
+On his return to Grasmere from Coleorton, Wordsworth wrote thus to Sir
+George Beaumont, in an undated letter, about this inscription:--"What
+follows I composed yesterday morning, thinking there might be no
+impropriety in placing it so as to be visible only to a person sitting
+within the niche, which is hollowed out of the sandstone in the
+winter-garden. I am told that this is, in the present form of the
+niche, impossible; but I shall be most ready, when I come to Coleorton,
+to scoop out a place for it, if Lady Beaumont think it worth while."
+Then follows the--
+
+                   INSCRIPTION.
+
+      Oft is the medal faithful to its trust.
+
+On Nov. 16, 1811, writing again to Sir George on this subject of the
+"Inscriptions," and evidently referring to this one on the "Niche," he
+says, "As to the 'Female,' and 'Male,' I know not how to get rid of it;
+for that circumstance gives the recess an appropriate interest.... On
+this account, the lines had better be suppressed, for it is not
+improbable that the altering of them might cost me more trouble than
+writing a hundred fresh ones."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      That it was fashioned in ...                         MS.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      But by prompt hands of Pleasure and of Love,
+      Female and Male; that emulously strove               MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      To shape the work, what time these walks and bowers
+      Were framed to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.   1815.
+
+      ... bleak ...                                        MS.
+
+
+
+
+WRITTEN AT THE REQUEST OF SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT, BART., AND IN HIS NAME,
+  FOR AN URN, PLACED BY HIM AT THE TERMINATION OF A NEWLY-PLANTED
+  AVENUE, IN THE SAME GROUNDS
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Ye Lime-trees, ranged before this hallowed Urn,
+    Shoot forth with lively power at Spring's return;
+    And be not slow a stately growth to rear
+    Of pillars, branching off from year to year,
+    Till they have learned to frame a darksome aisle;--          5
+    That may recal to mind that awful Pile[1]
+    Where Reynolds, 'mid our country's noblest dead,
+    In the last sanctity of fame is laid.
+    --There, though by right the excelling Painter sleep
+    Where Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,                 10
+    Yet not the less his Spirit would hold dear
+    Self-hidden praise, and Friendship's private tear:
+    Hence, on my patrimonial grounds, have I
+    Raised this frail tribute to his memory;
+    From youth a zealous follower of the Art[2]                 15
+    That he professed; attached to him in heart;
+    Admiring, loving, and with grief and pride
+    Feeling what England lost when Reynolds died.
+
+
+These Lime-trees now form "a stately growth of pillars," "a darksome
+aisle"; and the urn remains, as set up in 1807, at the end of the
+avenue.
+
+The "awful Pile," where Reynolds lies, and where--
+
+      ... Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,
+
+is, of course, Westminster Abbey.
+
+After Wordsworth's return from Coleorton and Stockton to Grasmere, he
+wrote thus to Sir George Beaumont:--
+
+  "MY DEAR SIR GEORGE,
+
+  "Had there been room at the end of the small avenue of lime-trees
+  for planting a spacious circle of the same trees, the Urn might
+  have been placed in the centre, with the inscription thus altered,
+
+      "Ye lime-trees ranged around this hallowed urn,
+      Shoot forth with lively power at spring's return!
+      And be not slow a stately growth to rear,
+      Bending your docile boughs from year to year,
+      Till in a solemn concave they unite;
+      Like that Cathedral Dome beneath whose height
+      Reynolds, among our country's noble Dead,
+      In the last sanctity of fame is laid.
+      Here may some Painter sit in future days.
+      Some future poet meditate his lays!
+      Not mindless of that distant age, renowned,
+      When inspiration hovered o'er this ground,
+      The haunt of him who sang, how spear and shield
+      In civil conflict met on Bosworth field,
+      And of that famous youth (full soon removed
+      From earth!) by mighty Shakespeare's self approved,
+      Fletcher's associate, Jonson's friend beloved.
+
+  "The first couplet of the above, as it before stood, would have
+  appeared ludicrous, if the stone had remained after the trees
+  might have been gone. The couplet relating to the household
+  virtues did not accord with the painter and the poet; the former
+  being allegorical figures; the latter, living men."
+
+This letter--which is not now in the Beaumont collection at Coleorton
+Hall--seems to imply that Wordsworth thought of combining the first
+couplet on the Urn with the last nine lines of the inscription for the
+stone behind the Cedar tree. But this was never carried out. The
+inscriptions are printed in the text as they were carved at
+Coleorton.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      Till ye have framed, at length, a darksome aisle,
+      Like a recess within that sacred pile
+
+    MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.
+
+      Till they at length have framed a darksome Aisle;--
+      Like a recess within that awful Pile               1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      Hence, an obscure Memorial, without blame,
+      In these domestic Grounds, may bear his name;
+      Unblamed this votive Urn may oft renew
+      Some mild sensations to his Genius due
+      From One--a humble Follower of the Art
+
+    Five lines instead of three in MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont,
+    16th November, 1811.
+
+
+
+
+FOR A SEAT IN THE GROVES OF COLEORTON
+
+Composed November 19, 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+    Rugged and high, of Charnwood's forest ground,
+    Stand yet, but, Stranger! hidden from thy view
+    The ivied Ruins of forlorn GRACE DIEU;
+    Erst a religious House, which[1] day and night               5
+    With hymns resounded, and the chanted rite:
+    And when those rites had ceased, the Spot gave birth
+    To honourable Men of various worth:[2]
+    There, on the margin of a streamlet wild,
+    Did Francis Beaumont sport, an eager child;                 10
+    There, under shadow of the neighbouring rocks,
+    Sang youthful tales of shepherds and their flocks;
+    Unconscious prelude to heroic themes,
+    Heart-breaking tears, and melancholy dreams
+    Of slighted love, and scorn, and jealous rage,              15
+    With which his genius shook[3] the buskined stage.
+    Communities are lost, and Empires die,
+    And things of holy use unhallowed lie;[A]
+    They perish;--but the Intellect can raise,[4]
+    From airy words alone, a Pile that ne'er decays.            20
+
+
+Charnwood forest, in Leicestershire, is an almost treeless wold of
+between fifteen and sixteen thousand acres. The
+
+               eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+      Rugged and high,
+
+refers probably to High Cadmon. The nunnery of Grace Dieu was a
+religious house, in a retired spot near the centre of the forest; and
+was built between 1236 and 1242. The English monasteries were suppressed
+in 1536; but Grace Dieu, with thirty others of the smaller monasteries,
+was allowed to continue some time longer. It was finally suppressed in
+1539, when the site of the priory, with the demesne lands, was granted
+to Sir Humphrey Foster, who conveyed the whole to John Beaumont. Francis
+Beaumont, the dramatic poet, was born at Grace Dieu in 1586. He died in
+1615, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
+
+"William and I went to Grace Dieu last week. We were enchanted with the
+little valley and its nooks, and the rocks of Charnwood upon the
+hill."--Dorothy Wordsworth to Lady Beaumont, November 17, 1806.
+
+This "Inscription" was composed at Grasmere, November 19, 1811, as the
+following extract from a letter of Wordsworth's to Lady Beaumont
+indicates:--"Grasmere, Wednesday, November 20, 1811.--My Dear Lady
+Beaumont--When you see this you will think I mean to overrun you with
+inscriptions. I do not mean to tax you with putting them up, only with
+reading them. The following I composed yesterday morning in a walk from
+Brathay, whither I had been to accompany my sister:--
+
+        FOR A SEAT IN THE GROVES OF COLEORTON.
+
+      Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound.
+
+The thought of writing this inscription occurred to me many years
+ago."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... that ...                                       1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      But, when the formal Mass had long been stilled,
+      And wise and mighty changes were fulfilled;
+      That Ground gave birth to men of various Parts
+      For Knightly Services and liberal Arts.
+
+    MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      With which his skill inspired ...                    MS.
+
+[4] 1815.
+
+      But Truth and Intellectual Power can raise,
+
+    MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In the editions of 1815 and 1820, Wordsworth appended the following
+line from Daniel, as a note to the third last line of this "Inscription"--
+
+      Strait all that holy was unhallowed lies.
+
+                                         DANIEL.           ED.
+
+
+
+
+SONG AT THE FEAST OF BROUGHAM CASTLE,
+
+UPON THE RESTORATION OF LORD CLIFFORD, THE SHEPHERD, TO THE ESTATES AND
+  HONOURS OF HIS ANCESTORS
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[See the note. This poem was composed at Coleorton while I was walking
+to and fro along the path that led from Sir George Beaumont's
+Farmhouse, where we resided, to the Hall, which was building at that
+time.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,
+    And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song.--
+    The words of ancient time I thus translate,
+    A festal strain that hath been silent long:--
+
+    "From town to town, from tower to tower,                     5
+    The red rose is a gladsome flower.
+    Her thirty years of winter past,
+    The red rose is revived at last;
+    She lifts her head for endless spring,
+    For everlasting blossoming:[A]                              10
+    Both roses flourish, red and white:
+    In love and sisterly delight
+    The two that were at strife are blended,
+    And all old troubles[1] now are ended.--
+    Joy! joy to both! but most to her                           15
+    Who is the flower of Lancaster!
+    Behold her how She smiles to-day
+    On this great throng, this bright array!
+    Fair greeting doth she send to all
+    From every corner of the hall;                              20
+    But chiefly from above the board
+    Where sits in state our rightful Lord,
+    A Clifford to his own restored!
+
+      "They came with banner, spear, and shield;
+    And it was proved in Bosworth-field.                        25
+    Not long the Avenger was withstood--
+    Earth helped him with the cry of blood:[B]
+    St George was for us, and the might
+    Of blessed Angels crowned the right.
+    Loud voice the Land has[2] uttered forth,                   30
+    We loudest in the faithful north:
+    Our fields rejoice, our mountains ring,
+    Our streams proclaim a welcoming;
+    Our strong-abodes and castles see
+    The glory of their loyalty.[3]                              35
+
+      "How glad is Skipton at this hour--
+    Though lonely, a deserted Tower;[4]
+    Knight, squire, and yeoman, page and groom:[5]
+    We have them at the feast of Brough'm.
+    How glad Pendragon--though the sleep                        40
+    Of years be on her!--She shall reap
+    A taste of this great pleasure, viewing
+    As in a dream her own renewing.
+    Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem
+    Beside her little humble stream;                            45
+    And she that keepeth watch and ward
+    Her statelier Eden's course to guard;
+    They both are happy at this hour,
+    Though each is but a lonely Tower:--
+    But here is perfect joy and pride                           50
+    For one fair House by Emont's side,
+    This day, distinguished without peer
+    To see her Master and to cheer--
+    Him, and his Lady-mother dear!
+
+      "Oh! it was a time forlorn                                55
+    When the fatherless was born--
+    Give her wings that she may fly,
+    Or she sees her infant die!
+    Swords that are with slaughter wild
+    Hunt the Mother and the Child.                              60
+    Who will take them from the light?
+    --Yonder is a man in sight--
+    Yonder is a house--but where?
+    No, they must not enter there.
+    To the caves, and to the brooks,                            65
+    To the clouds of heaven she looks;
+    She is speechless, but her eyes
+    Pray in ghostly agonies.
+    Blissful Mary, Mother mild,
+    Maid and Mother undefiled,                                  70
+    Save a Mother and her Child!
+
+      "Now Who is he that bounds with joy
+    On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?
+    No thoughts hath he but thoughts that pass
+    Light as the wind along the grass.                          75
+    Can this be He who hither came
+    In secret, like a smothered flame?
+    O'er whom such thankful tears were shed
+    For shelter, and a poor man's bread!
+    God loves the Child; and God hath willed                    80
+    That those dear words should be fulfilled,
+    The Lady's words, when forced away
+    The last she to her Babe did say:
+    'My own, my own, thy Fellow-guest
+    I may not be; but rest thee, rest,                          85
+    For lowly shepherd's life is best!'
+
+      "Alas! when evil men are strong
+    No life is good, no pleasure long.
+    The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,
+    And leave Blencathara's rugged coves,[C]                    90
+    And quit the flowers that summer brings[D]
+    To Glenderamakin's lofty springs;
+    Must vanish, and his careless cheer
+    Be turned to heaviness and fear.
+    --Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!                       95
+    Hear it, good man, old in days!
+    Thou tree of covert and of rest
+    For this young Bird that is distrest;
+    Among thy branches safe he lay,
+    And he was free to sport and play,                         100
+    When falcons were abroad for prey.
+
+      "A recreant harp, that sings of fear
+    And heaviness in Clifford's ear!
+    I said, when evil men are strong,
+    No life is good, no pleasure long,                         105
+    A weak and cowardly untruth!
+    Our Clifford was a happy Youth,
+    And thankful through a weary time,
+    That brought him up to manhood's prime.
+    --Again he wanders forth at will,                          110
+    And tends a flock from hill to hill:[6]
+    His garb is humble; ne'er was seen
+    Such garb with such a noble mien;
+    Among the shepherd grooms no mate
+    Hath he, a Child of strength and state!                    115
+    Yet lacks not friends for simple[7] glee,
+    Nor yet for higher sympathy.[8]
+    To his side the fallow-deer
+    Came, and rested without fear;
+    The eagle, lord of land and sea,                           120
+    Stooped down to pay him fealty;[E]
+    And both the undying fish that swim
+    Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him;[F]
+    The pair were servants of his eye
+    In their immortality;                                      125
+    And glancing, gleaming, dark or bright,
+    Moved to and fro, for his delight.[9]
+    He knew the rocks which Angels haunt
+    Upon[10] the mountains visitant;
+    He hath kenned[11] them taking wing:                       130
+    And into caves[12] where Faeries sing
+    He hath entered; and been told
+    By Voices how men lived of old.
+    Among the heavens his eye can see
+    The face of thing[13] that is to be;                       135
+    And, if that men report him right,
+    His tongue could whisper words of might.[14]
+    --Now another day is come,
+    Fitter hope, and nobler doom;
+    He hath thrown aside his crook,                            140
+    And hath buried deep his book;
+    Armour rusting in his halls
+    On the blood of Clifford calls;--[G]
+    'Quell the Scot,' exclaims the Lance--
+    Bear me to the heart of France,                            145
+    Is the longing of the Shield--
+    Tell thy name, thou trembling Field;
+    Field of death, where'er thou be,
+    Groan thou with our victory!
+    Happy day, and mighty hour,                                150
+    When our Shepherd, in his power,
+    Mailed and horsed, with lance and sword,
+    To his ancestors restored
+    Like a re-appearing Star,
+    Like a glory from afar,                                    155
+    First shall head the flock of war!"
+
+    Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know
+    How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:
+    How he, long forced in humble walks to go,[15]
+    Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed.             160
+
+    Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;
+    His daily teachers had been woods and rills,
+    The silence that is in[16] the starry sky,
+    The sleep that is among the lonely hills.
+
+    In him the savage virtue of the Race,                      165
+    Revenge, and all ferocious thoughts were dead:
+    Nor did he change; but kept in lofty place
+    The wisdom which adversity had bred.
+
+    Glad were the vales, and every cottage-hearth;
+    The Shepherd-lord was honoured more and more;              170
+    And, ages after he was laid in earth,
+    "The good Lord Clifford" was the name he bore.
+
+
+The original text of this _Song_ was altered but little in succeeding
+editions, and was not changed at all till 1836 and 1845. The following
+is Wordsworth's explanatory note, appended to the poem in all the
+editions:--
+
+  "Henry Lord Clifford, etc. etc., who is the subject of this Poem,
+  was the son of John, Lord Clifford, who was slain at Towton
+  Field,[H] which John, Lord Clifford, as is known to the Reader of
+  English History, was the person who after the battle of Wakefield
+  slew, in the pursuit, the young Earl of Rutland, Son of the Duke
+  of York who had fallen in the battle, 'in part of revenge' (say
+  the Authors of the _History of Cumberland and Westmoreland_); 'for
+  the Earl's Father had slain his.' A deed which worthily blemished
+  the author (saith Speed); But who, as he adds, 'dare promise any
+  thing temperate of himself in the heat of martial fury? chiefly,
+  when it was resolved not to leave any branch of the York line
+  standing; for so one maketh this Lord to speak.' This, no doubt, I
+  would observe by the bye, was an action sufficiently in the
+  vindictive spirit of the times, and yet not altogether so bad as
+  represented; 'for the Earl was no child, as some writers would
+  have him, but able to bear arms, being sixteen or seventeen years
+  of age, as is evident from this (say the Memoirs of the Countess
+  of Pembroke, who was laudably anxious to wipe away, as far as
+  could be, this stigma from the illustrious name to which she was
+  born); that he was the next Child to King Edward the Fourth, which
+  his mother had by Richard Duke of York, and that King was then
+  eighteen years of age: and for the small distance betwixt her
+  Children, see Austin Vincent in his book of Nobility, page 622,
+  where he writes of them all. It may further be observed, that Lord
+  Clifford, who was then himself only twenty-five years of age, had
+  been a leading Man and Commander, two or three years together in
+  the Army of Lancaster, before this time; and, therefore, would be
+  less likely to think that the Earl of Rutland might be entitled to
+  mercy from his youth.--But, independent of this act, at best a
+  cruel and savage one, the Family of Clifford had done enough to
+  draw upon them the vehement hatred of the House of York: so that
+  after the Battle of Towton there was no hope for them but in
+  flight and concealment. Henry, the subject of the Poem, was
+  deprived of his estate and honours during the space of twenty-four
+  years; all which time he lived as a shepherd in Yorkshire, or in
+  Cumberland, where the estate of his Father-in-law (Sir Lancelot
+  Threlkeld) lay. He was restored to his estate and honours in the
+  first year of Henry the Seventh. It is recorded that, 'when called
+  to parliament, he behaved nobly and wisely; but otherwise came
+  seldom to London or the Court; and rather delighted to live in the
+  country, where he repaired several of his Castles, which had gone
+  to decay during the late troubles.' Thus far is chiefly collected
+  from Nicholson and Burn; and I can add, from my own knowledge,
+  that there is a tradition current in the village of Threlkeld and
+  its neighbourhood, his principal retreat, that, in the course of
+  his shepherd life, he had acquired great astronomical knowledge. I
+  cannot conclude this note without adding a word upon the subject
+  of those numerous and noble feudal Edifices, spoken of in the
+  Poem, the ruins of some of which are, at this day, so great an
+  ornament to that interesting country. The Cliffords had always
+  been distinguished for an honourable pride in these Castles; and
+  we have seen that after the wars of York and Lancaster they were
+  rebuilt; in the civil Wars of Charles the First, they were again
+  laid waste, and again restored almost to their former magnificence
+  by the celebrated Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke, etc.
+  etc. Not more than twenty-five years after this was done, when the
+  Estates of Clifford had passed into the Family of Tufton, three of
+  these Castles, namely Brough, Brougham, and Pendragon, were
+  demolished, and the timber and other materials sold by Thomas Earl
+  of Thanet. We will hope that, when this order was issued, the Earl
+  had not consulted the text of Isaiah, 58th Chap. 12th Verse, to
+  which the inscription placed over the gate of Pendragon Castle, by
+  the Countess of Pembroke (I believe his Grandmother) at the time
+  she repaired that structure, refers the reader. '_And they that
+  shall be of thee shall build the old waste places; thou shalt
+  raise up the foundations of many generations, and thou shalt be
+  called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell
+  in._' The Earl of Thanet, the present possessor of the Estates,
+  with a due respect for the memory of his ancestors, and a proper
+  sense of the value and beauty of these remains of antiquity, has
+  (I am told) given orders that they shall be preserved from all
+  depredations."
+
+Compare the reference to the "Shepherd-lord" in the first canto of _The
+White Doe of Rylstone_, p. 116, and the topographical allusions there,
+with this _Song_. Compare also the life of Anne Clifford, in Hartley
+Coleridge's _Lives of Distinguished Northerners_.
+
+      _High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,
+      And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song._
+
+Brougham Castle, past which the river Emont flows, is about two miles
+out of Penrith, on the Appleby Road. It is now a ruin, but was once a
+place of importance. The larger part of it was built by Roger, Lord
+Clifford, son of Isabella de Veteripont, who placed over the inner door
+the inscription, "This made Roger." His grandson added the eastern part.
+The castle was frequently laid waste by the Scottish Bands, and during
+the Wars of the Roses. The Earl of Cumberland entertained James I.
+within it, in 1617, on the occasion of the king's last return from
+Scotland; but it seems to have "layen ruinous" from that date, and to
+have suffered much during the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. In
+1651-52 it was repaired by Lady Anne Clifford, Countess Dowager of
+Pembroke, who wrote thus--"After I had been there myself to direct the
+building of it, did I cause my old decayed castle of Brougham to be
+repaired, and also the tower called the "Roman Tower," in the same old
+castle, and the court-house, for keeping my courts in, with some dozen
+or fourteen rooms to be built in it upon the old foundation." (_Pembroke
+Memoirs_, i. p. 216.) After the time of the Countess Anne, the castle
+was neglected, and much of the stone, timber, and lead disposed of at
+public sales: the wainscotting being purchased by the neighbouring
+villagers.
+
+      _Her thirty years of winter past,
+      The red rose is revived at last._
+
+This refers to the thirty years interval between 1455 (the first battle
+of St. Albans in the wars of the Roses) and 1485 (the battle of Bosworth
+and the accession of Henry VII.)
+
+      _Both roses flourish, red and white_,
+
+Alluding to the marriage of Henry VII. with Elizabeth, which united the
+two warring lines of York and Lancaster.
+
+      _And it was proved in Bosworth-field._
+
+The battle of Bosworth Field, in Leicestershire, was fought in 1485.
+
+      _Not long the Avenger was withstood--
+      Earth helped him with the cry of blood._
+
+Henry VII.--who, as Henry, Earl of Richmond, last scion of the line of
+Lancaster, had fled to Brittany--returned with Morton, the exiled Bishop
+of Ely, landed at Milford, advanced through Wales, and met the royal
+army at Bosworth, where Richard was slain, and Henry crowned king on the
+battlefield. The "cry of blood" refers, doubtless, to the murder of the
+young princes in the Tower.
+
+      _How glad is Skipton at this hour--
+      Though lonely, a deserted Tower._
+
+Skipton is the "capital" of the Craven district of Yorkshire, as Barrow
+is the capital of the Furness district of Lancashire and Westmoreland.
+The castle of Skipton was the chief residence of the Cliffords.
+Architecturally it is of two periods: the round tower dating from the
+reign of Edward II., and the rest from that of Henry VIII. From the time
+of Robert de Clifford, who fell at Bannockburn (1314), until the
+seventeenth century, the estates of the Cliffords extended from Skipton
+to Brougham Castle--seventy miles--with only a short interruption of ten
+miles. The "Shepherd-lord" Clifford of this poem was attainted--as
+explained in Wordsworth's note--by the triumphant House of York. He was
+"committed by his mother to the care of certain shepherds, whose wives
+had served her," and who kept him concealed both in Cumberland, and at
+Londesborough, in Yorkshire, where his mother's (Lady Margaret Vesci)
+own estates lay. The old "Tower" of Skipton Castle was "deserted" during
+these years when the "Shepherd-lord" was concealed in Cumberland.
+
+      _How glad Pendragon--though the sleep
+      Of years be on her!_
+
+Pendragon Castle, in a narrow dell in the forest of Mallerstang, near
+the source of the Eden, south of Kirkby-Stephen, was another of the
+castles of the Cliffords. Its building was traditionally ascribed to
+Uter Pendragon, of Stonehenge celebrity, who was fabled to have tried to
+make the Eden flow round the castle of Pendragon: hence the distich--
+
+      Let Uter Pendragon do what he can,
+      Eden will run where Eden ran.
+
+In the Countess of Pembroke's _Memoirs_ (vol. i. pp. 22, 228), we are
+told that Idonea de Veteripont "made a great part of her residence in
+Westmoreland at Brough Castle, near Stanemore, and at Pendragon Castle,
+in Mallerstang." The castle was burned and destroyed by Scottish raiders
+in 1341, and for 140 years it was in a ruinous state. It is probably to
+this that reference is made in the phrase, "though the sleep of years be
+on her." During the attainder of Henry Lord Clifford, in the reign of
+Edward IV., part of this estate of Mallerstang was granted to Sir
+William Parr of Kendal Castle. It was again destroyed during the civil
+wars of the Stuarts, and was restored, along with Skipton and Brougham,
+by Lady Anne Clifford, in 1660, who put up an inscription "... Repaired
+in 1660, so as she came to lye in it herself for a little while in
+October 1661, after it had lain ruinous without timber or any other
+covering since 1541. Isaiah, chap. lviii. ver. 12." It was again
+demolished in 1685.
+
+      _Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem
+      Beside her little humble stream._
+
+Brough--the Verterae of the Romans--is called, for distinction's sake,
+"Brough-under-Stainmore" (or "Stanemore"). The "little humble stream" is
+Hillbeck, formerly Hellebeck--(it was said to derive its name from the
+waters rushing or "helleing" down the channel)--which descends from
+Warcop Fell, runs through Market Brough, and joins the Eden below it.
+The date of the building of the castle of Brough is uncertain, but it is
+probably older than the Conquest. It was sacked by the Scottish King
+William in 1174. It was "one of the chief residences" of Idonea de
+Veteripont (above referred to); for "then it was in its prime." (_Pemb.
+Mem._, vol. i. p. 22.) Probably she rebuilt it, and changed it from a
+tower--like Pendragon--into a castle. In the _Pembroke Memoirs_ (i. p.
+108), we read of its subsequent destruction by fire. "A great misfortune
+befell Henry Lord Clifford, some two years before his death, which
+happened in 1521; his ancient and great castle of Brough-under-Stanemore
+was set on fire by a casual mischance, a little after he had kept a
+great Christmas there, so as all the timber and lead were utterly
+consumed, and nothing left but the bare walls, which since are more and
+more consumed, and quite ruinated." This same Countess Anne Pembroke
+began to repair it in April 1660, "at her exceeding great charge and
+cost." She put up an inscription over the gate similar to the one which
+she inscribed at Pendragon.
+
+      _And she that keepeth watch and ward
+      Her statelier Eden's course to guard._
+
+Doubtless Appleby Castle. Its origin is equally uncertain. Before 1422,
+John Lord Clifford, "builded that strong and fine artificial gate-house,
+all arched with stone, and decorated with the arms of the Veteriponts,
+Cliffords, and Percys, which with several parts of the castle walls was
+defaced and broken down in the civil war of 1648." His successor,
+Thomas, Lord Clifford, "built the chiefest part of the castle towards
+the east, as the hall, the chapel, and the great chamber." This was in
+1454. The Countess Anne Pembroke wrote of Appleby Castle thus (_Pemb.
+Mem._, vol. i. p. 187): "In 1651 I continued to live in Appleby Castle a
+whole year, and spent much time in repairing it and Brougham Castle, to
+make them as habitable as I could, though Brougham was very ruinous, and
+much out of repair. And in this year, the 21st of April, I helped to lay
+the foundation stone of the middle wall of the great tower of Appleby
+Castle, called "Cæsar's Tower," to the end it might be repaired again,
+and made habitable, if it pleased God (Is. lviii. 12), after it had
+stood without a roof or covering, or one chamber habitable in it, since
+about 1567," etc. etc.
+
+      _One fair House by Emont's side._
+
+Brougham Castle.
+
+      _Him, and his Lady-mother dear!_
+
+Lady Margaret, daughter and heiress of Lord Vesci, who married John,
+Lord Clifford--the Clifford of Shakespeare's _Henry VI._ He was killed
+at Ferrybridge near Knottingley in 1461. Their son was Henry, "the
+Shepherd-lord." His mother is buried in Londesborough Church, near
+Market Weighton.
+
+      _Now Who is he that bounds with joy
+      On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?_
+
+Carrock-fell is three miles south-west from Castle Sowerby, in
+Cumberland.
+
+      _The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,
+      And leave Blencathara's rugged coves._
+
+There are many "Mosedales" in the English Lake District. The one
+referred to here is to the north of Blencathara or Saddleback.
+
+      _And quit the flowers that summer brings
+      To Glenderamakin's lofty springs._
+
+The river Glenderamakin rises in the lofty ground to the north of
+Blencathara.
+
+      _--Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!_
+                      ...
+      _Thou tree of covert and of rest
+      For this young Bird that is distrest._
+
+It was on Sir Lancelot Threlkeld's estates in Cumberland that the young
+Lord was concealed, disguised as a shepherd-boy. He was the "tree of
+covert" for the young "Bird" Henry Clifford. Compare _The Waggoner_, ll.
+628-39 (vol. iii. p. 100)--
+
+      And see, beyond that hamlet small,
+      The ruined towers of Threlkeld-hall,
+      Lurking in a double shade,
+      By trees and lingering twilight made!
+      There, at Blencathara's rugged feet,
+      Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat
+      To noble Clifford; from annoy
+      Concealed the persecuted boy,
+      Well pleased in rustic garb to feed
+      His flock, and pipe on shepherd's reed
+      Among this multitude of hills,
+      Crags, woodlands, waterfalls, and rills.
+
+The old hall of Threlkeld has long been a ruin. Its only habitable part
+has been a farmhouse for many years.
+
+      _And both the undying fish that swim
+      Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him._
+
+Bowscale Tarn is to the north of Blencathara. Its stream joins the
+Caldew river.
+
+      _And into caves where Faeries sing
+      He hath entered._
+
+Compare the previous reference to Blencathara's "rugged coves." There
+are many such on this mountain.
+
+      _Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know
+      How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:
+      How he, long forced in humble walks to go,
+      Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed._
+
+After restoration to his ancestral estates, the Shepherd-lord preferred
+to live in comparative retirement. He spent most of his time at Barden
+Tower (see notes to _The White Doe of Rylstone_), which he enlarged, and
+where he lived with a small retinue. He was much at Bolton (which was
+close at hand), and there he studied astronomy and alchemy, aided by the
+monks. It is to the time when he lived at Threlkeld, however--wandering
+as a shepherd-boy, over the ridges and around the coves of Blencathara,
+amongst the groves of Mosedale, and by the lofty springs of
+Glenderamakin--that Wordsworth refers in the lines,
+
+      _Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;
+      His daily teachers had been woods and rills,
+      The silence that is in the starry sky,
+      The sleep that is among the lonely hills._
+
+He was at Flodden in 1513, when nearly sixty years of age, leading there
+the "flower of Craven."
+
+      From Penigent to Pendle Hill,
+        From Linton to long Addingham,
+      And all that Craven's coasts did till,
+        They with the lusty Clifford came.
+
+Compare, in the first canto of _The White Doe of Rylstone_ (p. 117)--
+
+                when he, with spear and shield,
+      Rode full of years to Flodden-field.
+
+He died in 1523, and was buried in the choir of Bolton Priory.
+
+The following is Sarah Coleridge's criticism of the _Song at the Feast
+of Brougham Castle_, in the editorial note to her father's _Biographia
+Literaria_ (vol. ii. ch. ix. p. 152, ed. 1847):--
+
+  "The transitions and vicissitudes in this noble lyric I have
+  always thought rendered it one of the finest specimens of modern
+  subjective poetry which our age has seen. The ode commences in a
+  tone of high gratulation and festivity--a tone not only glad, but
+  _comparatively_ even jocund and light-hearted. The Clifford is
+  restored to the home, the honours and estates of his ancestors.
+  Then it sinks and falls away to the remembrance of
+  tribulation--times of war and bloodshed, flight and terror, and
+  hiding away from the enemy--times of poverty and distress, when
+  the Clifford was brought, a little child, to the shelter of a
+  northern valley. After a while it emerges from those depths of
+  sorrow--gradually rises into a strain of elevated tranquillity and
+  contemplative rapture; through the power of imagination, the
+  beautiful and impressive aspects of nature are brought into
+  relationship with the spirit of him, whose fortunes and character
+  form the subject of the piece, and are represented as gladdening
+  and exalting it, whilst they keep it _pure and unspotted from the
+  world_. Suddenly the Poet is carried on with greater animation and
+  passion: he has returned to the point whence he started--flung
+  himself back into the tide of stirring life and moving events.
+  All is to come over again, struggle and conflict, chances and
+  changes of war, victory and triumph, overthrow and desolation. I
+  know nothing, in lyric poetry, more beautiful or affecting than
+  the final transition from this part of the ode, with its rapid
+  metre, to the slow elegiac stanzas at the end, when, from the
+  warlike fervour and eagerness, the jubilant strain which has just
+  been described, the Poet passes back into the sublime silence of
+  Nature, gathering amid her deep and quiet bosom a more subdued and
+  solemn tenderness than he had manifested before; it is as if from
+  the heights of the imaginative intellect, his spirit had retreated
+  into the recesses of a profoundly thoughtful Christian heart."
+
+Professor Henry Reed said of this poem--"Had he never written another
+ode, this alone would set him at the head of the lyric poets of
+England."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... sorrows ...                                    1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1807.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+      ... royalty.                                       1815.
+
+    The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[4] 1845.
+
+      Though she is but a lonely Tower!
+      Silent, deserted of her best,
+      Without an Inmate or a Guest,                      1807.
+
+      Deserted, emptied of her best.                       MS.
+
+      To vacancy and silence left;
+      Of all her guardian sons bereft--                  1820.
+
+[5] 1836.
+
+      Knight, Squire, or Yeoman, Page, or Groom;         1807.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      ... on vale and hill:                                MS.
+
+[7] 1845.
+
+      ... solemn ...                                     1807.
+
+[8] 1845. This line was previously three lines--
+
+      And a chearful company,
+      That learn'd of him submissive ways;
+      And comforted his private days.                    1807.
+
+      A spirit-soothing company,                         1836.
+
+[9] 1836.
+
+      They moved about in open sight,
+      To and fro, for his delight.                       1807.
+
+[10] 1836.
+
+      On ...                                             1807.
+
+[11] 1807.
+
+      ... heard ...                                        MS.
+
+[12] 1836.
+
+      And the Caves ...                                  1807.
+
+[13] 1836.
+
+      Face of thing ...                                  1807.
+
+[14] C. and 1840.
+
+      And, if Men report him right,
+      He can whisper words of might.                     1807.
+
+      He could whisper ...                               1827.
+
+      And, if that men report him right,
+      He could whisper ...                               1836.
+
+[15] 1845.
+
+      Alas! the fervent Harper did not know
+      That for a tranquil Soul the Lay was framed,
+      Who, long compell'd in humble walks to go,         1807.
+
+[16] 1807.
+
+      ... of ...                                           MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Hudibras_, part II. canto i. ll. 567-8--
+
+      That shall infuse Eternal Spring
+      And everlasting flourishing.                         ED.
+
+[B] This line is from _The Battle of Bosworth Field_, by Sir John
+Beaumont (Brother to the Dramatist), whose poems are written with so
+much spirit, elegance, and harmony, that it is supposed, as the Book is
+very scarce, a new edition of it would be acceptable to Scholars and Men
+of taste, and, accordingly, it is in contemplation to give one.--W. W.
+1807.
+
+Beaumont's line in _The Battle of Bosworth Field_ is--
+
+      The earth assists thee with the cry of blood.        ED.
+
+[C] "No three words could better describe the gulfs on the side of
+Saddleback." (H. D. Rawnsley.)
+
+[D] "Rugged patches of Hawkweed, golden rod, and white water ranunculus
+in the pools." (H. D. Rawnsley.)
+
+[E] The eagle nested in Borrowdale as late as 1785.--ED.
+
+[F] It is imagined by the people of the Country that there are two
+immortal Fish, Inhabitants of this Tarn, which lies in the mountains not
+far from Threlkeld. Blencathara, mentioned before, is the old and proper
+name of the mountain vulgarly called Saddle-back.--W. W. 1807.
+
+[G] The martial character of the Cliffords is well known to the readers
+of English History; but it may not be improper here to say, by way of
+comment on these lines and what follows, that, besides several others
+who perished in the same manner, the four immediate Progenitors of the
+person in whose hearing this is supposed to be spoken, all died in the
+Field.--W. W. 1807.
+
+Compare _The Borderers_, act III. l. 56 (vol. i. p. 173)--
+
+      They say, Lord Clifford is a savage man.             ED.
+
+[H] He was killed at Ferrybridge the day before the battle of
+Towton.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1808
+
+
+The poems referring to Coleorton are all transferred to the year 1807,
+and _The Force of Prayer_ was written in that year. Those composed in
+1808 were few in number. With the exception of _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_--to which additions were made in that year--they include only
+the two sonnets _Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a
+Tract, occasioned by the Convention of Cintra_, and the fragment on
+_George and Sarah Green_. The latter poem Wordsworth gave to De Quincey,
+who published it in his "Recollections of Grasmere," which appeared in
+_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_ in September 1839; but it never found a
+place in any edition of Wordsworth's own poems. In this edition it is
+printed in the appendix to volume viii.
+
+The reasons which have led me to assign _The White Doe of Rylstone_ to
+the year 1808, are stated in a note to the poem (see p. 191). I infer
+that it was practically finished in April 1808, because Dorothy
+Wordsworth, in a letter to Lady Beaumont, dated April 20, 1808, says,
+"The poem is to be published. Longman has consented--in spite of the
+odium under which my brother labours as a poet--to give him 100 guineas
+for 1000 copies, according to his demand." She gives no indication of
+the name of the poem referred to. As it must, however, have been one
+which was to be published separately, she can only refer to _The White
+Doe_ or to _The Excursion_; but the latter poem was not finished in
+1808.
+
+It is probable, from the remark made in a subsequent letter to Lady
+Beaumont, February 1810, that Wordsworth intended either to add to what
+he had written in 1808, or to alter some passages before publication; or
+by "completing" the poem, he may have meant simply adding the
+Dedication, which was not written till 1815.
+
+All things considered, it seems the best arrangement that the poems of
+1808 should begin with _The White Doe of Rylstone_. In the year 1891 I
+edited this poem for the Clarendon Press. A few additional details have
+come to light since then, and are introduced into the notes. S. T.
+Coleridge's criticism of the poem in _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii.
+chap. xxii. p. 176 (edition 1817), should be consulted.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE DOE OF RYLSTONE;
+
+OR, THE FATE OF THE NORTONS
+
+Composed 1807-10.--Published 1815
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+During the Summer of 1807, I visited, for the first time, the beautiful
+country that surrounds Bolton Priory, in Yorkshire; and the Poem of the
+WHITE DOE, founded upon a Tradition connected with that place, was
+composed at the close of the same year.--W. W.[A]
+
+
+[The earlier half of this poem was composed at Stockton-upon-Tees, when
+Mrs. Wordsworth and I were on a visit to her eldest brother, Mr.
+Hutchinson, at the close of the year 1807. The country is flat, and the
+weather was rough. I was accustomed every day to walk to and fro under
+the shelter of a row of stacks, in a field at a small distance from the
+town, and there poured forth my verses aloud as freely as they would
+come. Mrs. Wordsworth reminds me that her brother stood upon the
+punctilio of not sitting down to dinner till I joined the party; and it
+frequently happened that I did not make my appearance till too late, so
+that she was made uncomfortable. I here beg her pardon for this and
+similar transgressions during the whole course of our wedded life. To my
+beloved sister the same apology is due.
+
+When, from the visit just mentioned, we returned to Town-end, Grasmere,
+I proceeded with the poem; and it may be worth while to note, as a
+caution to others who may cast their eye on these memoranda, that the
+skin having been rubbed off my heel by my wearing too tight a shoe,
+though I desisted from walking, I found that the irritation of the
+wounded part was kept up, by the act of composition, to a degree that
+made it necessary to give my constitution a holiday. A rapid cure was
+the consequence. Poetic excitement, when accompanied by protracted
+labour in composition, has throughout my life brought on more or less
+bodily derangement. Nevertheless, I am at the close of my seventy-third
+year, in what may be called excellent health; so that intellectual
+labour is not necessarily unfavourable to longevity. But perhaps I ought
+here to add that mine has been generally carried on out of doors.
+
+Let me here say a few words of this poem in the way of criticism. The
+subject being taken from feudal times has led to its being compared to
+some of Walter Scott's poems that belong to the same age and state of
+society. The comparison is inconsiderate. Sir Walter pursued the
+customary and very natural course of conducting an action, presenting
+various turns of fortune, to some outstanding point on which the mind
+might rest as a termination or catastrophe. The course I have attempted
+to pursue is entirely different. Everything that is attempted by the
+principal personages in _The White Doe_ fails, so far as its object is
+external and substantial. So far as it is moral and spiritual it
+succeeds. The heroine of the poem knows that her duty is not to
+interfere with the current of events, either to forward or delay them,
+but
+
+                          to abide
+      The shock, and finally secure
+      O'er pain and grief a triumph pure.
+
+This she does in obedience to her brother's injunction, as most suitable
+to a mind and character that, under previous trials, has been proved to
+accord with his. She achieves this not without aid from the
+communication with the inferior Creature, which often leads her thoughts
+to revolve upon the past with a tender and humanising influence that
+exalts rather than depresses her. The anticipated beatification, if I
+may so say, of her mind, and the apotheosis of the companion of her
+solitude, are the points at which the Poem aims, and constitute its
+legitimate catastrophe, far too spiritual a one for instant or
+widely-spread sympathy, but not, therefore, the less fitted to make a
+deep and permanent impression upon that class of minds who think and
+feel more independently, than the many do, of the surfaces of things and
+interests transitory, because belonging more to the outward and social
+forms of life than to its internal spirit. How insignificant a thing,
+for example, does personal prowess appear compared with the fortitude of
+patience and heroic martyrdom; in other words, with struggles for the
+sake of principle, in preference to victory gloried in for its own
+sake.--I. F.]
+
+
+                   DEDICATION
+
+                       I
+
+    In trellised shed with clustering roses gay,[B]
+    And, MARY! oft beside our blazing fire,
+    When years of wedded life were as a day
+    Whose current answers to the heart's desire,
+    Did we together read in Spenser's Lay                        5
+    How Una, sad of soul--in sad attire,
+    The gentle Una, of celestial birth,[1]
+    To seek her Knight went wandering o'er the earth.
+
+
+                       II
+
+    Ah, then, Belovèd! pleasing was the smart,
+    And the tear precious in compassion shed                    10
+    For Her, who, pierced by sorrow's thrilling dart,
+    Did meekly bear the pang unmerited;
+    Meek as that emblem of her lowly heart
+    The milk-white Lamb which in a line she led,--[C]
+    And faithful, loyal in her innocence,                       15
+    Like the brave Lion slain in her defence.
+
+
+                      III
+
+    Notes could we hear as of a faery shell
+    Attuned to words with sacred wisdom fraught;
+    Free Fancy prized each specious miracle,
+    And all its finer inspiration caught;                       20
+    Till in the bosom of our rustic Cell,
+    We by a lamentable change were taught
+    That "bliss with mortal Man may not abide:"[D]
+    How nearly joy and sorrow are allied!
+
+
+                       IV
+
+    For us the stream of fiction ceased to flow,                25
+    For us the voice of melody was mute.
+    --But, as soft gales dissolve the dreary snow,
+    And give the timid herbage leave to shoot,
+    Heaven's breathing influence failed not to bestow
+    A timely promise of unlooked-for fruit,                     30
+    Fair fruit of pleasure and serene content
+    From blossoms wild of fancies innocent.
+
+
+                       V
+
+    It soothed us--it beguiled us--then, to hear
+    Once more of troubles wrought by magic spell;
+    And griefs whose aery motion comes not near                 35
+    The pangs that tempt the Spirit to rebel:
+    Then, with mild Una in her sober cheer,
+    High over hill and low adown the dell
+    Again we wandered, willing to partake
+    All that she suffered for her dear Lord's sake.             40
+
+
+                       VI
+
+    Then, too, this Song _of mine_ once more could please,
+    Where anguish, strange as dreams of restless sleep,
+    Is tempered and allayed by sympathies
+    Aloft ascending, and descending deep,
+    Even to the inferior Kinds; whom forest-trees               45
+    Protect from beating sunbeams, and the sweep
+    Of the sharp winds;--fair Creatures!--to whom Heaven
+    A calm and sinless life, with love, hath given.
+
+
+                      VII
+
+    This tragic Story cheered us; for it speaks
+    Of female patience winning firm repose;                     50
+    And, of the recompense that[2] conscience seeks,
+    A bright, encouraging, example shows;
+    Needful when o'er wide realms the tempest breaks,
+    Needful amid life's ordinary woes;--
+    Hence, not for them unfitted who would bless                55
+    A happy hour with holier happiness.
+
+
+                     VIII
+
+    He serves the Muses erringly and ill,
+    Whose aim is pleasure light and fugitive:
+    O, that my mind were equal to fulfil
+    The comprehensive mandate which they give--                 60
+    Vain aspiration of an earnest will!
+    Yet in this moral Strain a power may live,
+    Belovèd Wife! such solace to impart
+    As it hath yielded to thy tender heart.
+
+  RYDAL MOUNT, WESTMORELAND,
+     _April 20, 1815_.
+
+
+      "Action is transitory--a step, a blow,                    65
+    The motion of a muscle--this way or that--
+    'Tis done; and in the after-vacancy
+    We wonder at ourselves like men betrayed:
+    Suffering is permanent, obscure and dark,
+    And has the nature of infinity.                             70
+    Yet through that darkness (infinite though it seem
+    And irremovable) gracious openings lie,
+    By which the soul--with patient steps of thought
+    Now toiling, wafted now on wings of prayer--
+    May pass in hope, and, though from mortal bonds             75
+    Yet undelivered, rise with sure ascent
+    Even to the fountain-head of peace divine."[E]
+
+
+  "They that deny a God, destroy Man's nobility: for certainly Man
+  is of kinn to the Beast by his Body; and if he be not of kinn to
+  God by his Spirit, he is a base ignoble Creature. It destroys
+  likewise Magnanimity, and the raising of humane Nature: for take
+  an example of a Dogg, and mark what a generosity and courage he
+  will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a Man, who to him
+  is instead of a God, or Melior Natura. Which courage is manifestly
+  such, as that Creature without that confidence of a better Nature
+  than his own could never attain. So Man, when he resteth and
+  assureth himself upon Divine protection and favour, gathereth a
+  force and faith which human Nature in itself could not obtain."
+
+                               LORD BACON.[F]
+
+
+    CANTO FIRST
+
+    From Bolton's old monastic tower[G]
+    The bells ring loud with gladsome power;
+    The sun shines[3] bright; the fields are gay
+    With people in their best array
+    Of stole and doublet, hood and scarf,                        5
+    Along the banks of crystal Wharf,[4]
+    Through the Vale retired and lowly,
+    Trooping to that summons holy.
+    And, up among the moorlands, see
+    What sprinklings of blithe company!                         10
+    Of lasses and of shepherd grooms,
+    That down the steep hills force their way,
+    Like cattle through the budded brooms;
+    Path, or no path, what care they?
+    And thus in joyous mood they hie                            15
+    To Bolton's mouldering Priory.[H]
+
+      What would they there!--full fifty years
+    That sumptuous Pile, with all its peers,
+    Too harshly hath been doomed to taste
+    The bitterness of wrong and waste:                          20
+    Its courts are ravaged; but the tower
+    Is standing with a voice of power,[I]
+    That ancient voice which wont to call
+    To mass or some high festival;
+    And in the shattered fabric's heart                         25
+    Remaineth one protected part;
+    A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,
+    Closely embowered and trimly drest;[5][J]
+    And thither young and old repair,
+    This Sabbath-day, for praise and prayer.                    30
+
+      Fast the church-yard fills;--anon
+    Look again, and they all are gone;
+    The cluster round the porch, and the folk
+    Who sate in the shade of the Prior's Oak![K]
+    And scarcely have they disappeared                          35
+    Ere the prelusive hymn is heard:--
+    With one consent the people rejoice,
+    Filling the church with a lofty voice!
+    They sing a service which they feel:
+    For 'tis the sunrise now of zeal;                           40
+    Of a pure faith the vernal prime--[6]
+    In great Eliza's golden time.
+
+      A moment ends the fervent din,
+    And all is hushed, without and within;
+    For though the priest, more tranquilly,                     45
+    Recites the holy liturgy,
+    The only voice which you can hear
+    Is the river murmuring near.
+    --When soft!--the dusky trees between,
+    And down the path through the open green,                   50
+    Where is no living thing to be seen;
+    And through yon gateway, where is found,
+    Beneath the arch with ivy bound,
+    Free entrance to the church-yard ground--
+    [7]Comes gliding in with lovely gleam,                      55
+    Comes gliding in serene and slow,
+    Soft and silent as a dream,
+    A solitary Doe!
+    White she is as lily of June,
+    And beauteous as the silver moon                            60
+    When out of sight the clouds are driven
+    And she is left alone in heaven;
+    Or like a ship some gentle day
+    In sunshine sailing far away,
+    A glittering ship, that hath the plain                      65
+    Of ocean for her own domain.
+
+      Lie silent in your graves, ye dead!
+    Lie quiet in your church-yard bed!
+    Ye living, tend your holy cares;
+    Ye multitude, pursue your prayers;                          70
+    And blame not me if my heart and sight
+    Are occupied with one delight!
+    'Tis a work for sabbath hours
+    If I with this bright Creature go:
+    Whether she be of forest bowers,                            75
+    From the bowers of earth below;
+    Or a Spirit for one day given,
+    A pledge[8] of grace from purest heaven.
+
+      What harmonious pensive changes
+    Wait upon her as she ranges                                 80
+    Round and through this Pile of state
+    Overthrown and desolate!
+    Now a step or two her way
+    Leads through[9] space of open day,
+    Where the enamoured sunny light                             85
+    Brightens her that was so bright;[L]
+    Now doth a delicate shadow fall,
+    Falls upon her like a breath,
+    From some lofty arch or wall,
+    As she passes underneath:                                   90
+    Now some gloomy nook partakes
+    Of the glory that she makes,--
+    High-ribbed vault of stone, or cell,
+    With perfect cunning framed as well
+    Of stone, and ivy, and the spread                           95
+    Of the elder's bushy head;
+    Some jealous and forbidding cell,
+    That doth the living stars repel,
+    And where no flower hath leave to dwell.
+
+      The presence of this wandering Doe                       100
+    Fills many a damp obscure recess
+    With lustre of a saintly show;
+    And, reappearing, she no less
+    Sheds on the flowers that round her blow
+    A more than sunny liveliness.[10]                          105
+    But say, among these holy places,
+    Which thus assiduously she paces,
+    Comes she with a votary's task,
+    Rite to perform, or boon to ask?
+    Fair Pilgrim! harbours she a sense                         110
+    Of sorrow, or of reverence?
+    Can she be grieved for quire or shrine,
+    Crushed as if by wrath divine?
+    For what survives of house where God
+    Was worshipped, or where Man abode;                        115
+    For old magnificence undone;
+    Or for the gentler work begun
+    By Nature, softening and concealing,
+    And busy with a hand of healing?[M]
+    Mourns she for lordly chamber's hearth                     120
+    That to the sapling ash gives birth;
+    For dormitory's length laid bare
+    Where the wild rose blossoms fair;[N]
+    Or altar, whence the cross was rent,
+    Now rich with mossy ornament?[11]                          125
+    --She sees a warrior carved in stone,
+    Among the thick weeds, stretched alone;[O]
+    A warrior, with his shield of pride
+    Cleaving humbly to his side,
+    And hands in resignation prest,                            130
+    Palm to palm, on his tranquil breast;
+    As little she regards the sight[12]
+    As a common creature might:
+    If she be doomed to inward care,
+    Or service, it must lie elsewhere.                         135
+    --But hers are eyes serenely bright,
+    And on she moves--with pace how light!
+    Nor spares to stoop her head, and taste
+    The dewy turf with flowers bestrown;
+    And thus she fares, until at last[13]                      140
+    Beside the ridge of a grassy grave
+    In quietness she lays her down;
+    Gentle[14] as a weary wave
+    Sinks, when the summer breeze hath died,
+    Against an anchored vessel's side;                         145
+    Even so, without distress, doth she
+    Lie down in peace, and lovingly.
+
+      The day is placid in its going,
+    To a lingering motion bound,
+    Like the crystal stream now flowing                        150
+    With its softest summer sound:[15]
+    So the balmy minutes pass,
+    While this radiant Creature lies
+    Couched upon the dewy grass,
+    Pensively with downcast eyes.                              155
+    --But now again the people raise
+    With awful cheer a voice of praise;[16]
+    It is the last, the parting song;
+    And from the temple forth they throng,
+    And quickly spread themselves abroad,                      160
+    While each pursues his several road.
+    But some--a variegated band
+    Of middle-aged, and old, and young,
+    And little children by the hand
+    Upon their leading mothers hung--                          165
+    With mute obeisance gladly paid
+    Turn towards the spot, where, full in view,
+    The white Doe, to her service true,[17]
+    Her sabbath couch has made.
+
+      It was a solitary mound;                                 170
+    Which two spears' length of level ground
+    Did from all other graves divide:
+    As if in some respect of pride;
+    Or melancholy's sickly mood,
+    Still shy of human neighbourhood;                          175
+    Or guilt, that humbly would express
+    A penitential loneliness.
+
+      "Look, there she is, my Child! draw near;
+    She fears not, wherefore should we fear?
+    She means no harm;"--but still the Boy,                    180
+    To whom the words were softly said,
+    Hung back, and smiled, and blushed for joy,
+    A shamed-faced blush of glowing red!
+    Again the Mother whispered low,
+    "Now you have seen the famous Doe;                         185
+    From Rylstone she hath found her way
+    Over the hills this sabbath day;
+    Her work, whate'er it be, is done,
+    And she will depart when we are gone;
+    Thus doth she keep, from year to year,                     190
+    Her sabbath morning, foul or fair."
+
+      [18]Bright was[19] the Creature, as in dreams
+    The Boy had seen her, yea, more bright;
+    But is she truly what she seems?
+    He asks with insecure delight,                             195
+    Asks of himself, and doubts,--and still
+    The doubt returns against his will:
+    Though he, and all the standers-by,
+    Could tell a tragic history
+    Of facts divulged, wherein appear                          200
+    Substantial motive, reason clear,
+    Why thus the milk-white Doe is found
+    Couchant beside that lonely mound;
+    And why she duly loves to pace
+    The circuit of this hallowed place.                        205
+    Nor to the Child's inquiring mind
+    Is such perplexity confined:
+    For, spite of sober Truth that sees
+    A world of fixed remembrances
+    Which to this mystery belong,                              210
+    If, undeceived, my skill can trace
+    The characters of every face,
+    There lack not strange delusion here,
+    Conjecture vague, and idle fear,
+    And superstitious fancies strong,                          215
+    Which do the gentle Creature wrong.
+
+      That bearded, staff-supported Sire--
+    Who in his boyhood often fed[20]
+    Full cheerily on convent-bread
+    And heard old tales by the convent-fire,                   220
+    And to his grave will go with scars,
+    Relics of long and distant wars--[21]
+    That Old Man, studious to expound
+    The spectacle, is mounting[22] high
+    To days of dim antiquity;                                  225
+    When Lady Aäliza mourned
+    Her Son,[P] and felt in her despair
+    The pang of unavailing prayer;
+    Her Son in Wharf's abysses drowned,
+    The noble Boy of Egremound.[Q]                             230
+    From which affliction--when the grace
+    Of God had in her heart found place--[23]
+    A pious structure, fair to see,
+    Rose up, this stately Priory!
+    The Lady's work;--but now laid low;                        235
+    To the grief of her soul that doth come and go,
+    In the beautiful form of this innocent Doe:
+    Which, though seemingly doomed in its breast to sustain
+    A softened remembrance of sorrow and pain,
+    Is spotless, and holy, and gentle, and bright;             240
+    And glides o'er the earth like an angel of light.
+
+      Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;[R]
+    And, through the chink in the fractured floor
+    Look down, and see a griesly sight;
+    A vault where the bodies are buried upright![S]            245
+    There, face by face, and hand by hand,
+    The Claphams and Mauleverers stand;
+    And, in his place, among son and sire,
+    Is John de Clapham, that fierce Esquire,
+    A valiant man, and a name of dread                         250
+    In the ruthless wars of the White and Red;
+    Who dragged Earl Pembroke from Banbury church
+    And smote off his head on the stones of the porch!
+    Look down among them, if you dare;
+    Oft does the White Doe loiter there,                       255
+    Prying into the darksome rent;
+    Nor can it be with good intent:
+    So thinks that Dame of haughty air,
+    Who hath a Page her book to hold,
+    And wears a frontlet edged with gold.                      260
+    Harsh thoughts with her high mood agree--
+    Who counts among her ancestry[24]
+    Earl Pembroke, slain so impiously!
+
+      That slender Youth, a scholar pale,
+    From Oxford come to his native vale,                       265
+    He also hath his own conceit:
+    It is, thinks he, the gracious Fairy,
+    Who loved the Shepherd-lord to meet[T]
+    In his wanderings solitary:
+    Wild notes she in his hearing sang,                        270
+    A song of Nature's hidden powers;
+    That whistled like the wind, and rang
+    Among the rocks and holly bowers.
+    'Twas said that She all shapes could wear;
+    And oftentimes before him stood,                           275
+    Amid the trees of some thick wood,
+    In semblance of a lady fair;
+    And taught him signs, and showed him sights,
+    In Craven's dens, on Cumbrian[25] heights;
+    When under cloud of fear he lay,                           280
+    A shepherd clad in homely grey;
+    Nor left him at his later day.
+    And hence, when he, with spear and shield,
+    Rode full of years to Flodden-field,
+    His eye could see the hidden spring,                       285
+    And how the current was to flow;
+    The fatal end of Scotland's King,
+    And all that hopeless overthrow.
+    But not in wars did he delight,
+    _This_ Clifford wished for worthier might;                 290
+    Nor in broad pomp, or courtly state;
+    Him his own thoughts did elevate,--
+    Most happy in the shy recess
+    Of Barden's lowly[26] quietness.[U]
+    And choice of studious friends had he                      295
+    Of Bolton's dear fraternity;
+    Who, standing on this old church tower,
+    In many a calm propitious hour,
+    Perused, with him, the starry sky;
+    Or, in their cells, with him did pry                       300
+    For other lore,--by keen desire
+    Urged to close toil with chemic fire;[27]
+    In quest belike of transmutations
+    Rich as the mine's most bright creations.[28]
+    But they and their good works are fled,                    305
+    And all is now disquieted--
+    And peace is none, for living or dead!
+
+      Ah, pensive Scholar, think not so,
+    But look again at the radiant Doe!
+    What quiet watch she seems to keep,                        310
+    Alone, beside that grassy heap!
+    Why mention other thoughts unmeet
+    For vision so composed and sweet?
+    While stand the people in a ring,
+    Gazing, doubting, questioning;                             315
+    Yea, many overcome in spite
+    Of recollections clear and bright;
+    Which yet do unto some impart
+    An undisturbed repose of heart.
+    And all the assembly own a law                             320
+    Of orderly respect and awe;
+    But see--they vanish one by one,
+    And last, the Doe herself is gone.
+
+      Harp! we have been full long beguiled
+    By vague thoughts, lured by fancies wild;[29]              325
+    To which, with no reluctant strings,
+    Thou hast attuned thy murmurings;
+    And now before this Pile we stand
+    In solitude, and utter peace:
+    But, Harp! thy murmurs may not cease--                     330
+    A Spirit, with his angelic wings,
+    In soft and breeze-like visitings,
+    Has touched thee--and a Spirit's hand:[30]
+    A voice is with us--a command
+    To chant, in strains of heavenly glory,                    335
+    A tale of tears, a mortal story!
+
+
+    CANTO SECOND
+
+    The Harp in lowliness obeyed;
+    And first we sang of the green-wood shade
+    And a solitary Maid;
+    Beginning, where the song must end,
+    With her, and with her sylvan Friend;                        5
+    The Friend, who stood before her sight,
+    Her only unextinguished light;
+    Her last companion in a dearth
+    Of love, upon a hopeless earth.
+
+      For She it was--this Maid, who wrought[31]                10
+    Meekly, with foreboding thought,
+    In vermeil colours and in gold
+    An unblest work; which, standing by,
+    Her Father did with joy behold,--
+    Exulting in its[32] imagery;                                15
+    A Banner, fashioned to fulfil[33]
+    Too perfectly his headstrong will:
+    For on this Banner had her hand
+    Embroidered (such her Sire's command)[34]
+    The sacred Cross; and figured there                         20
+    The five dear wounds our Lord did bear;
+    Full soon to be uplifted high,
+    And float in rueful company!
+
+      It was the time when England's Queen                      24
+    Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;[V]
+    Nor yet the restless crown had been
+    Disturbed upon her virgin head;
+    But now the inly-working North
+    Was ripe to send its thousands forth,
+    A potent vassalage, to fight                                30
+    In Percy's and in Neville's right,[W]
+    Two Earls fast leagued in discontent,
+    Who gave their wishes open vent;
+    And boldly urged a general plea,
+    The rites of ancient piety                                  35
+    To be triumphantly restored,
+    By the stern justice of the sword![35]
+    And that same Banner on whose breast
+    The blameless Lady had exprest
+    Memorials chosen to give life                               40
+    And sunshine to a dangerous strife;
+    That[36] Banner, waiting for the Call,
+    Stood quietly in Rylstone-hall.
+
+      It came; and Francis Norton said,
+    "O Father! rise not in this fray--                          45
+    The hairs are white upon your head;
+    Dear Father, hear me when I say
+    It is for you too late a day!
+    Bethink you of your own good name:
+    A just and gracious queen have we,                          50
+    A pure religion, and the claim
+    Of peace on our humanity.--
+    'Tis meet that I endure your scorn;
+    I am your son, your eldest born;
+    But not for lordship or for land,                           55
+    My Father, do I clasp your knees;
+    The Banner touch not, stay your hand,
+    This multitude of men disband,
+    And live at home in blameless[37] ease;
+    For these my brethren's sake, for me;                       60
+    And, most of all, for Emily!"
+
+      Tumultuous noises filled the hall;[38]
+    And scarcely could the Father hear
+    That name--pronounced with a dying fall--[39][X]
+    The name of his only Daughter dear,                         65
+    As on[40] the banner which stood near
+    He glanced a look of holy pride,
+    And his moist[41] eyes were glorified;
+    Then did he seize the staff, and say:[42]
+    "Thou, Richard, bear'st thy father's name,                  70
+    Keep thou this ensign till the day
+    When I of thee require the same:
+    Thy place be on my better hand;--
+    And seven as true as thou, I see,
+    Will cleave to this good cause and me."                     75
+    He spake, and eight brave sons straightway
+    All followed him, a gallant band!
+
+      Thus, with his sons, when forth he came
+    The sight was hailed with loud acclaim
+    And din of arms and minstrelsy,[43]                         80
+    From all his warlike tenantry,
+    All horsed and harnessed with him to ride,--
+    A voice[44] to which the hills replied!
+
+      But Francis, in the vacant hall,
+    Stood silent under dreary weight,--                         85
+    A phantasm, in which roof and wall
+    Shook, tottered, swam before his sight;
+    A phantasm like a dream of night!
+    Thus overwhelmed, and desolate,
+    He found his way to a postern-gate;                         90
+    And, when he waked, his languid eye[45]
+    Was on the calm and silent sky;
+    With air about him breathing sweet,
+    And earth's green grass beneath his feet;
+    Nor did he fail ere long to hear                            95
+    A sound of military cheer,
+    Faint--but it reached that sheltered spot;
+    He heard, and it disturbed him not.
+
+      There stood he, leaning on a lance
+    Which he had grasped unknowingly,                          100
+    Had blindly grasped in that strong trance,
+    That dimness of heart-agony;
+    There stood he, cleansed from the despair
+    And sorrow of his fruitless prayer.
+    The past he calmly hath reviewed:                          105
+    But where will be the fortitude
+    Of this brave man, when he shall see
+    That Form beneath the spreading tree,
+    And know that it is Emily?[46]
+
+      He saw her where in open view                            110
+    She sate beneath the spreading yew--
+    Her head upon her lap, concealing
+    In solitude her bitter feeling:
+    [47]"Might ever son _command_ a sire,
+    The act were justified to-day."                            115
+    This to himself--and to the Maid,
+    Whom now he had approached, he said--
+    "Gone are they,--they have their desire;
+    And I with thee one hour will stay,
+    To give thee comfort if I may."                            120
+
+      She heard, but looked not up, nor spake;
+    And sorrow moved him to partake
+    Her silence; then his thoughts turned round,[48]
+    And fervent words a passage found.
+
+      "Gone are they, bravely, though misled;                  125
+    With a dear Father at their head!
+    The Sons obey a natural lord;
+    The Father had given solemn word
+    To noble Percy; and a force
+    Still stronger, bends him to his course.                   130
+    This said, our tears to-day may fall
+    As at an innocent funeral.
+    In deep and awful channel runs
+    This sympathy of Sire and Sons;
+    Untried our Brothers have been loved[49]                   135
+    With heart by simple nature moved;[50]
+    And now their faithfulness is proved:
+    For faithful we must call them, bearing
+    That soul of conscientious daring.
+    --There were they all in circle--there                     140
+    Stood Richard, Ambrose, Christopher,
+    John with a sword that will not fail,
+    And Marmaduke in fearless mail,
+    And those bright Twins were side by side;
+    And there, by fresh hopes beautified,                      145
+    Stood He,[51] whose arm yet lacks the power
+    Of man, our youngest, fairest flower!
+    I, by the right[52] of eldest born,
+    And in a second father's place,
+    Presumed to grapple with[53] their scorn,                  150
+    And meet their pity face to face;
+    Yea, trusting in God's holy aid,
+    I to my Father knelt and prayed;
+    And one, the pensive Marmaduke,
+    Methought, was yielding inwardly,                          155
+    And would have laid his purpose by,
+    But for a glance of his Father's eye,
+    Which I myself could scarcely brook.
+
+      "Then be we, each and all, forgiven!
+    Thou, chiefly thou,[54] my Sister dear,                    160
+    Whose pangs are registered in heaven--
+    The stifled sigh, the hidden tear,
+    And smiles, that dared to take their place,
+    Meek filial smiles, upon thy face,
+    As that unhallowed Banner grew                             165
+    Beneath a loving old Man's view.
+    Thy part is done--thy painful part;
+    Be thou then satisfied in heart!
+    A further, though far easier, task
+    Than thine hath been, my duties ask;                       170
+    With theirs my efforts cannot blend,
+    I cannot for such cause contend;
+    Their aims I utterly forswear;
+    But I in body will be there.
+    Unarmed and naked will I go,                               175
+    Be at their side, come weal or woe:
+    On kind occasions I may wait,
+    See, hear, obstruct, or mitigate.
+    Bare breast I take and an empty hand."--[Y]
+    Therewith he threw away the lance,                         180
+    Which he had grasped in that strong trance;
+    Spurned it, like something that would stand
+    Between him and the pure intent
+    Of love on which his soul was bent.
+
+      "For thee, for thee, is left the sense                   185
+    Of trial past without offence
+    To God or man; such innocence,
+    Such consolation, and the excess
+    Of an unmerited distress;
+    In that thy very strength must lie.                        190
+    --O Sister, I could prophesy!
+    The time is come that rings the knell
+    Of all we loved, and loved so well:
+    Hope nothing, if I thus may speak
+    To thee, a woman, and thence weak:                         195
+    Hope nothing, I repeat; for we
+    Are doomed to perish utterly:
+    'Tis meet that thou with me divide
+    The thought while I am by thy side,
+    Acknowledging a grace in this,                             200
+    A comfort in the dark abyss.
+    But look not for me when I am gone,
+    And be no farther wrought upon:
+    Farewell all wishes, all debate,
+    All prayers for this cause, or for that!                   205
+    Weep, if that aid thee; but depend
+    Upon no help of outward friend;
+    Espouse thy doom at once, and cleave
+    To fortitude without reprieve.
+    For we must fall, both we and ours--                       210
+    This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,
+    Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall--
+    Our fate is theirs, will reach them all;[Z]
+    The young horse must forsake his manger,
+    And learn to glory in a Stranger;                          215
+    The hawk forget his perch; the hound
+    Be parted from his ancient ground:
+    The blast will sweep us all away--
+    One desolation, one decay!
+    And even this Creature!" which words saying,               220
+    He pointed to a lovely Doe,
+    A few steps distant, feeding, straying;
+    Fair creature, and more white than snow!
+    "Even she will to her peaceful woods
+    Return, and to her murmuring floods,                       225
+    And be in heart and soul the same
+    She was before she hither came;
+    Ere she had learned to love us all,
+    Herself beloved in Rylstone-hall.
+    --But thou, my Sister, doomed to be                        230
+    The last leaf on a blasted tree;[55]
+    If not in vain we breathed[56] the breath
+    Together of a purer faith;
+    If hand in hand we have been led,
+    And thou, (O happy thought this day!)                      235
+    Not seldom foremost in the way;
+    If on one thought our minds have fed,
+    And we have in one meaning read;
+    If, when at home our private weal
+    Hath suffered from the shock of zeal,                      240
+    Together we have learned to prize
+    Forbearance and self-sacrifice;
+    If we like combatants have fared,
+    And for this issue been prepared;
+    If thou art beautiful, and youth                           245
+    And thought endue thee with all truth--
+    Be strong;--be worthy of the grace
+    Of God, and fill thy destined place:
+    A Soul, by force of sorrows high,
+    Uplifted to the purest sky                                 250
+    Of undisturbed humanity!"
+
+      He ended,--or she heard no more;
+    He led her from the yew-tree shade,
+    And at the mansion's silent door,
+    He kissed the consecrated Maid;                            255
+    And down the valley then pursued,[57]
+    Alone, the armèd Multitude.
+
+
+    CANTO THIRD
+
+    Now joy for you who from the towers
+    Of Brancepeth look in doubt and fear,[AA][58]
+    Telling melancholy hours!
+    Proclaim it, let your Masters hear
+    That Norton with his band is near!                           5
+    The watchmen from their station high
+    Pronounced the word,--and the Earls descry,
+    Well-pleased, the armèd Company[59]
+    Marching down the banks of Were.
+
+      Said fearless Norton to the pair                          10
+    Gone forth to greet[60] him on the plain
+    "This meeting, noble Lords! looks fair,
+    I bring with me a goodly train;
+    Their hearts are with you: hill and dale
+    Have helped us: Ure we crossed, and Swale,                  15
+    And horse and harness followed--see
+    The best part of their Yeomanry!
+    --Stand forth, my Sons!--these eight are mine,
+    Whom to this service I commend;
+    Which way soe'er our fate incline,                          20
+    These will be faithful to the end;
+    They are my all"--voice failed him here--
+    "My all save one, a Daughter dear!
+    Whom I have left, Love's mildest birth,[61]
+    The meekest Child on this blessed earth.                    25
+    I had--but these are by my side,
+    These Eight, and this is a day of pride!
+    The time is ripe. With festive din
+    Lo! how the people are flocking in,--
+    Like hungry fowl to the feeder's hand                       30
+    When snow lies heavy upon the land."
+
+      He spake bare truth; for far and near
+    From every side came noisy swarms
+    Of Peasants in their homely gear;
+    And, mixed with these, to Brancepeth came                   35
+    Grave Gentry of estate and name,
+    And Captains known for worth in arms;
+    And prayed the Earls in self-defence
+    To rise, and prove their innocence.--
+    "Rise, noble Earls, put forth your might                    40
+    For holy Church, and the People's right!"
+
+      The Norton fixed, at this demand,
+    His eye upon Northumberland,
+    And said; "The Minds of Men will own
+    No loyal rest while England's Crown                         45
+    Remains without an Heir, the bait
+    Of strife and factions desperate;
+    Who, paying deadly hate in kind
+    Through all things else, in this can find
+    A mutual hope, a common mind;                               50
+    And plot, and pant to overwhelm
+    All ancient honour in the realm.
+    --Brave Earls! to whose heroic veins
+    Our noblest blood is given in trust,
+    To you a suffering State complains,                         55
+    And ye must raise her from the dust.
+    With wishes of still bolder scope
+    On you we look, with dearest hope;
+    Even for our Altars--for the prize
+    In Heaven, of life that never dies;                         60
+    For the old and holy Church we mourn,
+    And must in joy to her return.
+    Behold!"--and from his Son whose stand
+    Was on his right, from that guardian hand
+    He took the Banner, and unfurled                            65
+    The precious folds--"behold," said he,
+    "The ransom of a sinful world;
+    Let this your preservation be;
+    The wounds of hands and feet and side,
+    And the sacred Cross on which Jesus died!                   70
+    --This bring I from an ancient hearth,
+    These Records wrought in pledge of love
+    By hands of no ignoble birth,
+    A Maid o'er whom the blessed Dove
+    Vouchsafed in gentleness to brood                           75
+    While she the holy work pursued."
+    "Uplift the Standard!" was the cry
+    From all the listeners that stood round,
+    "Plant it,--by this we live or die."
+    The Norton ceased not for that sound,                       80
+    But said; "The prayer which ye have heard,
+    Much injured Earls! by these preferred,
+    Is offered to the Saints, the sigh
+    Of tens of thousands, secretly."
+    "Uplift it!" cried once more the Band,                      85
+    And then a thoughtful pause ensued:
+    "Uplift it!" said Northumberland--
+    Whereat, from all the multitude
+    Who saw the Banner reared on high
+    In all its dread emblazonry,                                90
+    [62]A voice of uttermost joy brake out:
+    The transport was rolled down the river of Were,
+    And Durham, the time-honoured Durham, did hear,
+    And the towers of Saint Cuthbert were stirred by the shout![BB]
+
+      Now was the North in arms:--they shine                    95
+    In warlike trim from Tweed to Tyne,
+    At Percy's voice: and Neville sees
+    His Followers gathering in from Tees,
+    From Were, and all the little rills
+    Concealed among the forkèd hills--                         100
+    Seven hundred Knights, Retainers all
+    Of Neville, at their Master's call
+    Had sate together in Raby Hall![CC]
+    Such strength that Earldom held of yore;
+    Nor wanted at this time rich store                         105
+    Of well-appointed chivalry.
+    --Not both the sleepy lance to wield,
+    And greet the old paternal shield,
+    They heard the summons;--and, furthermore,
+    Horsemen and Foot of each degree,[63]                      110
+    Unbound by pledge of fealty,
+    Appeared, with free and open hate
+    Of novelties in Church and State;
+    night, burgher, yeoman, and esquire;
+    And Romish priest,[64] in priest's attire.                 115
+    And thus, in arms, a zealous Band
+    Proceeding under joint command,
+    To Durham first their course they bear;
+    And in Saint Cuthbert's ancient seat
+    Sang mass,--and tore the book of prayer,--                 120
+    And trod the bible beneath their feet.
+
+      Thence marching southward smooth and free
+    "They mustered their host at Wetherby,
+    Full sixteen thousand fair to see;"[DD]
+    The Choicest Warriors of the North!                        125
+    But none for beauty and for worth[65]
+    Like those eight Sons--who, in a ring,[66]
+    (Ripe men, or blooming in life's spring)[67]
+    Each with a lance, erect and tall,
+    A falchion, and a buckler small,                           130
+    Stood by their Sire, on Clifford-moor,[EE]
+    [68]To guard the Standard which he bore.
+    On foot they girt their Father round;
+    And so will keep the appointed ground
+    Where'er their march: no steed will he[69]                 135
+    Henceforth bestride;--triumphantly,
+    He stands upon the grassy sod,[70]
+    Trusting himself to the earth, and God.
+    Rare sight to embolden and inspire!
+    Proud was the field of Sons and Sire;                      140
+    Of him the most; and, sooth to say,
+    No shape of man in all the array
+    So graced the sunshine of that day.
+    The monumental pomp of age
+    Was with this goodly Personage;                            145
+    A stature undepressed in size,
+    Unbent, which rather seemed to rise,
+    In open victory o'er the weight
+    Of seventy years, to loftier[71] height;
+    Magnific limbs of withered state;                          150
+    A face to fear and venerate;
+    Eyes dark and strong; and on his head
+    Bright[72] locks of silver hair, thick spread,
+    Which a brown morion half-concealed,
+    Light as a hunter's of the field;                          155
+    And thus, with girdle round his waist,
+    Whereon the Banner-staff might rest
+    At need, he stood, advancing high
+    The glittering, floating Pageantry.
+
+      Who sees him?--thousands see,[73] and One                160
+    With unparticipated gaze;
+    Who, 'mong those[74] thousands, friend hath none,
+    And treads in solitary ways.
+    He, following wheresoe'er he might,
+    Hath watched the Banner from afar,                         165
+    As shepherds watch a lonely star,
+    Or mariners the distant light
+    That guides them through[75] a stormy night.
+    And now, upon a chosen plot
+    Of rising ground, yon heathy spot!                         170
+    He takes alone[76] his far-off stand,
+    With breast unmailed, unweaponed hand.
+    Bold is his aspect; but his eye
+    Is pregnant with anxiety,
+    While, like a tutelary Power,                              175
+    He there stands fixed from hour to hour:
+    Yet sometimes in more humble guise,
+    Upon the turf-clad height he lies
+    Stretched, herdsman-like, as if to bask
+    In sunshine were his only task,[77]                        180
+    Or by his mantle's help to find
+    A shelter from the nipping wind:
+    And thus, with short oblivion blest,
+    His weary spirits gather rest.
+    Again he lifts his eyes; and lo!                           185
+    The pageant glancing to and fro;
+    And hope is wakened by the sight,
+    He[78] thence may learn, ere fall of night,
+    Which way the tide is doomed to flow.
+
+      To London were the Chieftains bent;                      190
+    But what avails the bold intent?
+    A Royal army is gone forth
+    To quell the RISING OF THE NORTH;
+    They march with Dudley at their head,
+    And, in seven days' space, will to York be led!--
+    Can such a mighty Host be raised                           196
+    Thus suddenly, and brought so near?
+    The Earls upon each other gazed,
+    And Neville's cheek grew pale with fear;
+    For, with a high and valiant name,                         200
+    He bore a heart of timid frame;[79]
+    And bold if both had been, yet they
+    "Against so many may not stay."[FF]
+    Back therefore will they hie to seize[80]
+    A strong Hold on the banks of Tees;                        205
+    There wait a favourable hour,
+    Until Lord Dacre with his power
+    From Naworth come;[81][GG] and Howard's aid
+    Be with them openly displayed.
+
+      While through the Host, from man to man,                 210
+    A rumour of this purpose ran,
+    The Standard trusting[82] to the care
+    Of him who heretofore did bear
+    That charge, impatient Norton sought
+    The Chieftains to unfold his thought,                      215
+    And thus abruptly spake;--"We yield
+    (And can it be?) an unfought field!--
+    How oft has strength, the strength of heaven,[83]
+    To few triumphantly been given!
+    Still do our very children boast                           220
+    Of mitred Thurston--what a Host
+    He conquered![HH]--Saw we not the Plain
+    (And flying shall behold again)
+    Where faith was proved?--while to battle moved
+    The Standard, on the Sacred Wain                           225
+    That bore it, compassed round by a bold
+    Fraternity of Barons old;
+    And with those grey-haired champions stood,
+    Under the saintly ensigns three,
+    The infant Heir of Mowbray's blood--                       230
+    All confident of victory!--[84]
+    Shall Percy blush, then, for his name?
+    Must Westmoreland be asked with shame
+    Whose were the numbers, where the loss,
+    In that other day of Neville's Cross?[II]                  235
+    When the Prior of Durham with holy hand
+    Raised, as the Vision gave command,
+    Saint Cuthbert's Relic--far and near
+    Kenned on the point of a lofty spear;
+    While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower                   240
+    To God descending in his power.[85]
+    Less would not at our need be due
+    To us, who war against the Untrue;--
+    The delegates of Heaven we rise,
+    Convoked the impious to chastise:                          245
+    We, we, the sanctities of old
+    Would re-establish and uphold:
+    Be warned"--His zeal the Chiefs confounded,[86]
+    But word was given, and the trumpet sounded:
+    Back through the melancholy Host                           250
+    Went Norton, and resumed his post.
+    Alas! thought he, and have I borne
+    This Banner raised with joyful pride,[87]
+    This hope of all posterity,
+    By those dread symbols sanctified;[88]                     255
+    Thus to become at once the scorn
+    Of babbling winds as they go by,
+    A spot of shame to the sun's bright eye,
+    To the light[89] clouds a mockery!
+    --"Even these poor eight of mine would stem"--
+    Half to himself, and half to them                          261
+    He spake--"would stem, or quell, a force
+    Ten times their number, man and horse;
+    This by their own unaided might,
+    Without their father in their sight,                       265
+    Without the Cause for which they fight;
+    A Cause, which on a needful day
+    Would breed us thousands brave as they."
+    --So speaking, he his reverend head
+    Raised towards that Imagery once more:[90]                 270
+    But the familiar prospect shed
+    Despondency unfelt before:
+    A shock of intimations vain,
+    Dismay,[91] and superstitious pain,
+    Fell on him, with the sudden thought                       275
+    Of her by whom the work was wrought:--
+    Oh wherefore was her countenance bright
+    With love divine and gentle light?
+    She would not, could not, disobey,[92]
+    But her Faith leaned another way.                          280
+    Ill tears she wept; I saw them fall,
+    I overheard her as she spake
+    Sad words to that mute Animal,
+    The White Doe, in the hawthorn brake;
+    She steeped, but not for Jesu's sake,                      285
+    This Cross in tears: by her, and One
+    Unworthier far we are undone--
+    Her recreant Brother--he prevailed
+    Over that tender Spirit--assailed
+    Too oft alas! by her whose head[93]                        290
+    In the cold grave hath long been laid:
+    She first, in reason's dawn beguiled
+    Her docile, unsuspecting Child:[94]
+    Far back--far back my mind must go
+    To reach the well-spring of this woe!                      295
+
+      While thus he brooded, music sweet
+    Of border tunes was played to cheer
+    The footsteps of a quick retreat;
+    But Norton lingered in the rear,
+    Stung with sharp thoughts; and ere the last                300
+    From his distracted brain was cast,
+    Before his Father, Francis stood,
+    And spake in firm and earnest mood.[95]
+
+      "Though here I bend a suppliant knee
+    In reverence, and unarmed, I bear                          305
+    In your indignant thoughts my share;
+    Am grieved this backward march to see
+    So careless and disorderly.
+    I scorn your Chiefs--men who would lead,
+    And yet want courage at their need:                        310
+    Then look at them with open eyes!
+    Deserve they further sacrifice?--
+    If--when they shrink, nor dare oppose
+    In open field their gathering foes,
+    (And fast, from this decisive day,                         315
+    Yon multitude must melt away;)
+    If now I ask a grace not claimed
+    While ground was left for hope; unblamed
+    Be an endeavour that can do
+    No injury to them or you.[96]                              320
+    My Father! I would help to find
+    A place of shelter, till the rage
+    Of cruel men do like the wind
+    Exhaust itself and sink to rest;
+    Be Brother now to Brother joined!                          325
+    Admit me in the equipage
+    Of your misfortunes, that at least,
+    Whatever fate remain[97] behind,
+    I may bear witness in my breast
+    To your nobility of mind!"                                 330
+
+      "Thou Enemy, my bane and blight!
+    Oh! bold to fight the Coward's fight
+    Against all good"--but why declare,
+    At length, the issue of a prayer
+    Which love had prompted, yielding scope                    335
+    Too free to one bright moment's hope?[98]
+    Suffice it that the Son, who strove
+    With fruitless effort to allay
+    That passion, prudently gave way;[99]
+    Nor did he turn aside to prove                             340
+    His Brothers' wisdom or their love--
+    But calmly from the spot withdrew;
+    His best endeavours[100] to renew,
+    Should e'er a kindlier time ensue.
+
+
+    CANTO FOURTH
+
+    'Tis night: in silence looking down,
+    The Moon, from cloudless ether, sees[101]
+    A Camp, and a beleaguered Town,
+    And Castle like a stately crown
+    On the steep rocks of winding Tees;--                        5
+    And southward far, with moor between,
+    Hill-top, and flood, and forest green,[102]
+    The bright Moon sees that valley small
+    Where Rylstone's old sequestered Hall
+    A venerable image yields                                    10
+    Of quiet to the neighbouring fields;
+    While from one pillared chimney breathes
+    The smoke, and mounts in silver wreaths.[103]
+    --The courts are hushed;--for timely sleep
+    The grey-hounds to their kennel creep;                      15
+    The peacock in the broad ash tree
+    Aloft is roosted for the night,
+    He who in proud prosperity
+    Of colours manifold and bright
+    Walked round, affronting the daylight;                      20
+    And higher still, above the bower
+    Where he is perched, from yon lone Tower
+    The hall-clock in the clear moonshine
+    With glittering finger points at nine.
+
+      Ah! who could think that sadness here                     25
+    Hath[104] any sway? or pain, or fear?
+    A soft and lulling sound is heard
+    Of streams inaudible by day;[JJ]
+    The garden pool's dark surface, stirred
+    By the night insects in their play,                         30
+    Breaks into dimples small and bright;
+    A thousand, thousand rings of light
+    That shape themselves and disappear
+    Almost as soon as seen:--and lo!
+    Not distant far, the milk-white Doe--                       35
+    The same who quietly was feeding
+    On the green herb, and nothing heeding,
+    When Francis, uttering to the Maid[105]
+    His last words in the yew-tree shade,
+    Involved whate'er by love was brought                       40
+    Out of his heart, or crossed his thought,
+    Or chance presented to his eye,
+    In one sad sweep of destiny--[106]
+    The same fair Creature, who hath found
+    Her way into forbidden ground;                              45
+    Where now--within this spacious plot
+    For pleasure made, a goodly spot,
+    With lawns and beds of flowers, and shades
+    Of trellis-work in long arcades,
+    And cirque and crescent framed by wall                      50
+    Of close-clipt foliage green and tall,
+    Converging walks, and fountains gay,
+    And terraces in trim array--
+    Beneath yon cypress spiring high,
+    With pine and cedar spreading wide                          55
+    Their darksome boughs on either side,
+    In open moonlight doth she lie;
+    Happy as others of her kind,
+    That, far from human neighbourhood,
+    Range unrestricted as the wind,                             60
+    Through park, or chase, or savage wood.
+
+      But see the consecrated Maid
+    Emerging from a cedar shade[107]
+    To open moonshine, where the Doe
+    Beneath the cypress-spire is laid;                          65
+    Like a patch of April snow--
+    Upon a bed of herbage green,
+    Lingering in a woody glade
+    Or behind a rocky screen--
+    Lonely relic! which, if seen                                70
+    By the shepherd, is passed by
+    With an inattentive eye.
+    Nor more regard doth She bestow
+    Upon the uncomplaining Doe[108]
+    Now couched at ease, though oft this day                    75
+    Not unperplexed nor free from pain,
+    When she had tried, and tried in vain,
+    Approaching in her gentle way,
+    To win some look of love, or gain
+    Encouragement to sport or play;                             80
+    Attempts which still the heart-sick Maid
+    Rejected, or with slight repaid.[109]
+
+      Yet Emily is soothed;--the breeze
+    Came fraught with kindly sympathies.
+    As she approached yon rustic Shed[110]                      85
+    Hung with late-flowering woodbine, spread
+    Along the walls and overhead,
+    The fragrance of the breathing flowers
+    Revived[111] a memory of those hours
+    When here, in this remote alcove,                           90
+    (While from the pendent woodbine came
+    Like odours, sweet as if the same)
+    A fondly-anxious Mother strove
+    To teach her salutary fears
+    And mysteries above her years.                              95
+    Yes, she is soothed: an Image faint,
+    And yet not faint--a presence bright
+    Returns to her--that blessèd Saint[112]
+    Who with mild looks and language mild
+    Instructed here her darling Child,                         100
+    While yet a prattler on the knee,
+    To worship in simplicity
+    The invisible God, and take for guide
+    The faith reformed and purified.
+
+      'Tis flown--the Vision, and the sense                    105
+    Of that beguiling influence;
+    "But oh! thou Angel from above,
+    Mute Spirit[113] of maternal love,
+    That stood'st before my eyes, more clear
+    Than ghosts are fabled to appear                           110
+    Sent upon embassies of fear;
+    As thou thy presence hast to me
+    Vouchsafed, in radiant ministry
+    Descend on Francis; nor forbear
+    To greet him with a voice, and say;--                      115
+    'If hope be a rejected stay,
+    Do thou, my Christian Son, beware
+    Of that most lamentable snare,
+    The self-reliance of despair!'"[114]
+
+      Then from within the embowered retreat                   120
+    Where she had found a grateful seat
+    Perturbed she issues. She will go!
+    Herself will follow to the war,
+    And clasp her Father's knees;--ah, no!
+    She meets the insuperable bar,                             125
+    The injunction by her Brother laid;
+    His parting charge--but ill obeyed--
+    That interdicted all debate,
+    All prayer for this cause or for that;
+    All efforts that would turn aside                          130
+    The headstrong current of their fate:
+    _Her duty is to stand and wait_;[115][KK]
+    In resignation to abide
+    The shock, AND FINALLY SECURE
+    O'ER PAIN AND GRIEF A TRIUMPH PURE.[115]                   135
+    --She feels it, and her pangs are checked.[116]
+    But now, as silently she paced
+    The turf, and thought by thought was chased,
+    Came One who, with sedate respect,
+    Approached, and, greeting her, thus spake;[117]            140
+    "An old man's privilege I take:
+    Dark is the time--a woeful day!
+    Dear daughter of affliction, say
+    How can I serve you? point the way."
+
+      "Rights have you, and may well be bold:                  145
+    You with my Father have grown old
+    In friendship--strive--for his sake go--
+    Turn from us all the coming woe:[118]
+    This would I beg; but on my mind
+    A passive stillness is enjoined.                           150
+    On you, if room for mortal aid
+    Be left, is no restriction laid;[119]
+    You not forbidden to recline
+    With hope upon the Will divine."
+
+      "Hope," said the old Man, "must abide                    155
+    With all of us, whate'er betide.[120]
+    In Craven's Wilds is many a den,
+    To shelter persecuted men:[LL]
+    Far under ground is many a cave,
+    Where they might lie as in the grave,                      160
+    Until this storm hath ceased to rave:
+    Or let them cross the River Tweed,
+    And be at once from peril freed!"
+
+      "Ah tempt me not!" she faintly sighed;
+    "I will not counsel nor exhort,                            165
+    With my condition satisfied;
+    But you, at least, may make report
+    Of what befals;--be this your task--
+    This may be done;--'tis all I ask!"
+
+      She spake--and from the Lady's sight                     170
+    The Sire, unconscious of his age,
+    Departed promptly as a Page
+    Bound on some errand of delight.
+    --The noble Francis--wise as brave,
+    Thought he, may want not skill[121] to save.               175
+    With hopes in tenderness concealed,
+    Unarmed he followed to the field;
+    Him will I seek: the insurgent Powers
+    Are now besieging Barnard's Towers,--[MM]
+    "Grant that the Moon which shines this night               180
+    May guide them in a prudent flight!"
+
+      But quick the turns of chance and change,
+    And knowledge has a narrow range;
+    Whence idle fears, and needless pain,
+    And wishes blind, and efforts vain.--                      185
+    The Moon may shine, but cannot be
+    Their guide in flight--already she[122]
+    Hath witnessed their captivity.
+    She saw the desperate assault
+    Upon that hostile castle made;--                           190
+    But dark and dismal is the vault
+    Where Norton and his sons are laid!
+    Disastrous issue!--he had said
+    "This night yon faithless[123] Towers must yield,
+    Or we for ever quit the field.                             195
+    --Neville is utterly dismayed,
+    For promise fails of Howard's aid;
+    And Dacre to our call replies
+    That _he_[124] is unprepared to rise.
+    My heart is sick;--this weary pause                        200
+    Must needs be fatal to our cause.[125]
+    The breach is open--on the wall,
+    This night,--the Banner shall be planted!"
+    --'Twas done: his Sons were with him--all;
+    They belt him round with hearts undaunted                  205
+    And others follow;--Sire and Son
+    Leap down into the court;--"'Tis won"--
+    They shout aloud--but Heaven decreed
+    That with their joyful shout should close
+    The triumph of a desperate deed[126]                       210
+    Which struck with terror friends and foes!
+    The friend shrinks back--the foe recoils
+    From Norton and his filial band;
+    But they, now caught within the toils,
+    Against a thousand cannot stand;--                         215
+    The foe from numbers courage drew,
+    And overpowered that gallant few.
+    "A rescue for the Standard!" cried
+    The Father from within the walls;
+    But, see, the sacred Standard falls!--                     220
+    Confusion through the Camp spread[127] wide:
+    Some fled; and some their fears detained:
+    But ere the Moon had sunk to rest
+    In her pale chambers of the west,
+    Of that rash levy nought remained.                         225
+
+
+    CANTO FIFTH
+
+    High on a point of rugged ground
+    Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell
+    Above the loftiest ridge or mound
+    Where foresters or shepherds dwell,
+    An edifice of warlike frame                                  5
+    Stands single--Norton Tower its name--[NN]
+    It fronts all quarters, and looks round
+    O'er path and road, and plain and dell,
+    Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream
+    Upon a prospect without bound.                              10
+
+      The summit of this bold ascent--
+    Though bleak and bare, and seldom free[128]
+    As Pendle-hill or Pennygent
+    From wind, or frost, or vapours wet--
+    Had often heard the sound of glee                           15
+    When there the youthful Nortons met,
+    To practice games and archery:
+    How proud and happy they! the crowd
+    Of Lookers-on how pleased and proud!
+    And from the scorching noon-tide sun,[129]                  20
+    From showers, or when the prize was won,
+    They to the Tower withdrew, and there[130]
+    Would mirth run round, with generous fare;
+    And the stern old Lord of Rylstone-hall,
+    Was happiest, proudest,[131] of them all!                   25
+
+      But now, his Child, with anguish pale,
+    Upon the height walks to and fro;
+    'Tis well that she hath heard the tale,
+    Received the bitterness of woe:
+    [132]For she _had_[133] hoped, had hoped and feared,        30
+    Such rights did feeble nature claim;
+    And oft her steps had hither steered,
+    Though not unconscious of self-blame;
+    For she her brother's charge revered,
+    His farewell words; and by the same,                        35
+    Yea by her brother's very name,
+    Had, in her solitude, been cheered.
+
+      Beside the lonely watch-tower stood[134]
+    That grey-haired Man of gentle blood,
+    Who with her Father had grown old                           40
+    In friendship; rival hunters they,
+    And fellow warriors in their day:
+    To Rylstone he the tidings brought;
+    Then on this height the Maid had sought,
+    And, gently as he could, had told                           45
+    The end of that dire Tragedy,[135]
+    Which it had been his lot to see.
+
+      To him the Lady turned; "You said
+    That Francis lives, _he_ is not dead?"
+
+      "Your noble brother hath been spared;                     50
+    To take his life they have not dared;
+    On him and on his high endeavour
+    The light of praise shall shine for ever!
+    Nor did he (such Heaven's will) in vain
+    His solitary course maintain;                               55
+    Not vainly struggled in the might
+    Of duty, seeing with clear sight;
+    He was their comfort to the last,
+    Their joy till every pang was past.
+
+      "I witnessed when to York they came--                     60
+    What, Lady, if their feet were tied;
+    They might deserve a good Man's blame;
+    But marks of infamy and shame--
+    These were their triumph, these their pride;
+    Nor wanted 'mid the pressing crowd                          65
+    Deep feeling, that found utterance loud,[136]
+    'Lo, Francis comes,' there were who cried,[137]
+    'A Prisoner once, but now set free!
+    'Tis well, for he the worst defied
+    Through force of[138] natural piety;                        70
+    He rose not in this quarrel, he,
+    For concord's sake and England's good,
+    Suit to his Brothers often made
+    With tears, and of his Father prayed--
+    And when he had in vain withstood                           75
+    Their purpose--then did he divide,[139]
+    He parted from them; but at their side
+    Now walks in unanimity.
+    Then peace to cruelty and scorn,
+    While to the prison they are borne,                         80
+    Peace, peace to all indignity!'
+
+      "And so in Prison were they laid--
+    Oh hear me, hear me, gentle Maid,
+    For I am come with power to bless,
+    By scattering gleams,[140] through your distress,           85
+    Of a redeeming happiness.
+    Me did a reverent pity move
+    And privilege of ancient love;
+    And, in your service, making bold,
+    Entrance I gained to that strong-hold.[141]                 90
+
+      "Your Father gave me cordial greeting;
+    But to his purposes, that burned
+    Within him, instantly returned:
+    He was commanding and entreating,
+    And said--'We need not stop, my Son!                        95
+    Thoughts press, and time is hurrying on'--[142]
+    And so to Francis he renewed
+    His words, more calmly thus pursued.
+
+      "'Might this our enterprise have sped,
+    Change wide and deep the Land had seen,                    100
+    A renovation from the dead,
+    A spring-tide of immortal green:
+    The darksome altars would have blazed
+    Like stars when clouds are rolled away;
+    Salvation to all eyes that gazed,                          105
+    Once more the Rood had been upraised
+    To spread its arms, and stand for aye.
+    Then, then--had I survived to see
+    New life in Bolton Priory;
+    The voice restored, the eye of Truth                       110
+    Re-opened that inspired my youth;
+    To see[143] her in her pomp arrayed--
+    This Banner (for such vow I made)
+    Should on the consecrated breast
+    Of that same Temple have found rest:                       115
+    I would myself have hung it high,
+    Fit[144] offering of glad victory!
+
+      "'A shadow of such thought remains
+    To cheer this sad and pensive time;
+    A solemn fancy yet sustains                                120
+    One feeble Being--bids me climb
+    Even to the last--one effort more
+    To attest my Faith, if not restore.
+
+      "'Hear then,' said he, 'while I impart,
+    My Son, the last wish of my heart.                         125
+    The Banner strive thou to regain;
+    And, if the endeavour prove not[145] vain,
+    Bear it--to whom if not to thee
+    Shall I this lonely thought consign?--
+    Bear it to Bolton Priory,                                  130
+    And lay it on Saint Mary's shrine;
+    To wither in the sun and breeze
+    'Mid those decaying sanctities.
+    There let at least the gift be laid,
+    The testimony there displayed;                             135
+    Bold proof that with no selfish aim,
+    But for lost Faith and Christ's dear name,
+    I helmeted a brow though white,
+    And took a place in all men's sight;
+    Yea offered up this noble[146] Brood,                      140
+    This fair unrivalled Brotherhood,
+    And turned away from thee, my Son!
+    And left--but be the rest unsaid,
+    The name untouched, the tear unshed;--
+    My wish is known, and I have done:                         145
+    Now promise, grant this one request,
+    This dying prayer, and be thou blest!'
+
+      "Then Francis answered--'Trust thy Son,
+    For, with God's will, it shall be done!'--[147]
+
+      "The pledge obtained, the solemn word[148]               150
+    Thus scarcely given, a noise was heard,
+    And Officers appeared in state
+    To lead the prisoners to their fate.
+    They rose, oh! wherefore should I fear
+    To tell, or, Lady, you to hear?                            155
+    They rose--embraces none were given--
+    They stood like trees when earth and heaven
+    Are calm; they knew each other's worth,
+    And reverently the Band went forth.
+    They met, when they had reached the door,                  160
+    One with profane and harsh intent
+    Placed there--that he might go before
+    And, with that rueful Banner borne
+    Aloft in sign of taunting scorn,[149]
+    Conduct them to their punishment:                          165
+    So cruel Sussex, unrestrained
+    By human feeling, had ordained.
+    The unhappy Banner Francis saw,
+    And, with a look of calm command
+    Inspiring universal awe,                                   170
+    He took it from the soldier's hand;
+    And all the people that stood round[150]
+    Confirmed the deed in peace profound.
+    --High transport did the Father shed
+    Upon his Son--and they were led,                           175
+    Led on, and yielded up their breath;
+    Together died, a happy death!--
+    But Francis, soon as he had braved
+    That insult, and the Banner saved,
+    Athwart the unresisting tide[151]                          180
+    Of the spectators occupied
+    In admiration or dismay,
+    Bore instantly[152] his Charge away."
+
+      These things, which thus had in the sight
+    And hearing passed of Him who stood                        185
+    With Emily, on the Watch-tower height,
+    In Rylstone's woeful neighbourhood,
+    He told; and oftentimes with voice
+    Of power to comfort[153] or rejoice;
+    For deepest sorrows that aspire,                           190
+    Go high, no transport ever higher.
+    "Yes--God is rich in mercy," said
+    The old Man to the silent Maid,
+    "Yet, Lady! shines, through this black night,
+    One star of aspect heavenly bright;[154]                   195
+    Your Brother lives--he lives--is come
+    Perhaps already to his home;
+    Then let us leave this dreary place."
+    She yielded, and with gentle pace,
+    Though without one uplifted look,                          200
+    To Rylstone-hall her way she took.
+
+
+    CANTO SIXTH
+
+    Why comes not Francis?--From the doleful City
+    He fled,--and, in his flight, could hear
+    The death-sounds of the Minster-bell:[155]
+    That sullen stroke pronounced farewell
+    To Marmaduke, cut off from pity!                             5
+    To Ambrose that! and then a knell
+    For him, the sweet half-opened Flower!
+    For all--all dying in one hour!
+    --Why comes not Francis? Thoughts of love
+    Should bear him to his Sister dear                          10
+    With the fleet motion of a dove;[156]
+    Yea, like a heavenly messenger
+    Of speediest wing, should he appear.[157]
+    Why comes he not?--for westward fast
+    Along the plain of York he past;                            15
+    Reckless of what impels or leads,
+    Unchecked he hurries on;--nor heeds
+    The sorrow, through the Villages,
+    Spread by triumphant cruelties[158]
+    Of vengeful military force,                                 20
+    And punishment without remorse.
+    He marked not, heard not, as he fled;
+    All but the suffering heart was dead
+    For him abandoned to blank awe,
+    To vacancy, and horror strong:[159]                         25
+    And the first object which he saw,
+    With conscious sight, as he swept along--
+    It was the Banner in his hand!
+    He felt--and made a sudden stand.
+
+      He looked about like one betrayed:                        30
+    What hath he done? what promise made?
+    Oh weak, weak moment! to what end
+    Can such a vain oblation tend,
+    And he the Bearer?--Can he go
+    Carrying this instrument of woe,                            35
+    And find, find any where, a right
+    To excuse him in his Country's sight?
+    No; will not all men deem the change
+    A downward course, perverse and strange?
+    Here is it;--but how? when? must she,                       40
+    The unoffending Emily,
+    Again this piteous object see?
+
+      Such conflict long did he maintain,
+    Nor liberty nor rest could gain:[160]
+    His own life into danger brought                            45
+    By this sad burden--even that thought,
+    Exciting self-suspicion strong,
+    Swayed the brave man to his wrong.[161]
+    And how--unless it were the sense
+    Of all-disposing Providence,                                50
+    Its will unquestionably shown--
+    How has the Banner clung so fast
+    To a palsied, and unconscious hand;
+    Clung to the hand to which it passed
+    Without impediment? And why                                 55
+    But that Heaven's purpose might be known,
+    Doth now no hindrance meet his eye,
+    No intervention, to withstand
+    Fulfilment of a Father's prayer
+    Breathed to a Son forgiven, and blest                       60
+    When all resentments were at rest,
+    And life in death laid the heart bare?--
+    Then, like a spectre sweeping by,
+    Rushed through his mind the prophecy
+    Of utter desolation made                                    65
+    To Emily in the yew-tree shade:
+    He sighed, submitting will and power
+    To the stern embrace of that grasping hour.[162]
+    "No choice is left, the deed is mine--
+    Dead are they, dead!--and I will go,                        70
+    And, for their sakes, come weal or woe,
+    Will lay the Relic on the shrine."
+
+      So forward with a steady will
+    He went, and traversed plain and hill;
+    And up the vale of Wharf his way                            75
+    Pursued;--and, at the dawn of day,
+    Attained a summit whence his eyes[163]
+    Could see the Tower of Bolton rise.
+    There Francis for a moment's space
+    Made halt--but hark! a noise behind                         80
+    Of horsemen at an eager pace!
+    He heard, and with misgiving mind.
+    --'Tis Sir George Bowes who leads the Band:
+    They come, by cruel Sussex sent;
+    Who, when the Nortons from the hand                         85
+    Of death had drunk their punishment,
+    Bethought him, angry and ashamed,
+    How Francis, with the Banner claimed
+    As his own charge, had disappeared,[164]
+    By all the standers-by revered.                             90
+    His whole bold carriage (which had quelled
+    Thus far the Opposer, and repelled
+    All censure, enterprise so bright
+    That even bad men had vainly striven
+    Against that overcoming light)                              95
+    Was then reviewed, and prompt word given,
+    That to what place soever fled
+    He should be seized, alive or dead.
+
+      The troop of horse have gained the height
+    Where Francis stood in open sight.                         100
+    They hem him round--"Behold the proof,"
+    They cried, "the Ensign in his hand![165]
+    _He_ did not arm, he walked aloof!
+    For why?--to save his Father's land;--
+    Worst Traitor of them all is he,                           105
+    A Traitor dark and cowardly!"
+
+      "I am no Traitor," Francis said,
+    "Though this unhappy freight I bear;
+    And must not part with. But beware;--
+    Err not, by hasty zeal misled,[166]                        110
+    Nor do a suffering Spirit wrong,
+    Whose self-reproaches are too strong!"
+    At this he from the beaten road
+    Retreated towards a brake of thorn,
+    That[167] like a place of vantage showed;                  115
+    And there stood bravely, though forlorn.
+    In self-defence with warlike brow[168]
+    He stood,--nor weaponless was now;
+    He from a Soldier's hand had snatched
+    A spear,--and, so protected, watched                       120
+    The Assailants, turning round and round;
+    But from behind with treacherous wound
+    A Spearman brought him to the ground.
+    The guardian lance, as Francis fell,
+    Dropped from him; but his other hand                       125
+    The Banner clenched; till, from out the Band,
+    One, the most eager for the prize,
+    Rushed in; and--while, O grief to tell!
+    A glimmering sense still left, with eyes
+    Unclosed the noble Francis lay--                           130
+    Seized it, as hunters seize their prey;
+    But not before the warm life-blood
+    Had tinged more deeply, as it flowed,
+    The wounds the broidered Banner showed,
+    Thy fatal work, O Maiden, innocent as good![169]           135
+
+      Proudly the Horsemen bore away
+    The Standard; and where Francis lay[170]
+    There was he left alone, unwept,
+    And for two days unnoticed slept.
+    For at that time bewildering fear                          140
+    Possessed the country, far and near;
+    But, on the third day, passing by
+    One of the Norton Tenantry
+    Espied the uncovered Corse; the Man
+    Shrunk as he recognised the face,                          145
+    And to the nearest homesteads ran
+    And called the people to the place.
+    --How desolate is Rylstone-hall!
+    This was the instant thought of all;
+    And if the lonely Lady there                               150
+    Should be; to her they cannot bear
+    This weight of anguish and despair.
+    So, when upon sad thoughts had prest
+    Thoughts sadder still, they deemed it best
+    That, if the Priest should yield assent                    155
+    And no one hinder their intent,[171]
+    Then, they, for Christian pity's sake,
+    In holy ground a grave would make;
+    And straightway[172] buried he should be
+    In the Church-yard of the Priory.                          160
+
+      Apart, some little space, was made
+    The grave where Francis must be laid.
+    In no confusion or neglect
+    This did they,--but in pure respect
+    That he was born of gentle blood;                          165
+    And that there was no neighbourhood
+    Of kindred for him in that ground:
+    So to the Church-yard they are bound,
+    Bearing the body on a bier;
+    And psalms they sing--a holy sound                         170
+    That hill and vale with sadness hear.[173]
+
+      But Emily hath raised her head,
+    And is again disquieted;
+    She must behold!--so many gone,
+    Where is the solitary One?                                 175
+    And forth from Rylstone-hall stepped she,
+    To seek her Brother forth she went,
+    And tremblingly her course she bent
+    Toward[174] Bolton's ruined Priory.
+    She comes, and in the vale hath heard                      180
+    The funeral dirge;--she sees the knot
+    Of people, sees them in one spot--
+    And darting like a wounded bird
+    She reached the grave, and with her breast
+    Upon the ground received the rest,--                       185
+    The consummation, the whole ruth
+    And sorrow of this final truth!
+
+
+    CANTO SEVENTH
+
+                        "Powers there are
+      That touch each other to the quick--in modes
+      Which the gross world no sense hath to perceive,
+      No soul to dream of."[OO]
+
+    Thou Spirit, whose angelic hand
+    Was to the harp a strong command,
+    Called the submissive strings to wake
+    In glory for this Maiden's sake,
+    Say, Spirit! whither hath she fled                           5
+    To hide her poor afflicted head?
+    What mighty forest in its gloom
+    Enfolds her?--is a rifted tomb
+    Within the wilderness her seat?
+    Some island which the wild waves beat--                     10
+    Is that the Sufferer's last retreat?
+    Or some aspiring rock, that shrouds
+    Its perilous front in mists and clouds?
+    High-climbing rock, low[175] sunless dale,
+    Sea, desert, what do these avail?                           15
+    Oh take her anguish and her fears
+    Into a deep[176] recess of years!
+
+      'Tis done;--despoil and desolation
+    O'er Rylstone's fair domain have blown;[PP]
+    Pools, terraces, and walks are sown[177]                    20
+    With weeds; the bowers are overthrown,
+    Or have given way to slow mutation,
+    While, in their ancient habitation
+    The Norton name hath been unknown.
+    The lordly Mansion of its pride                             25
+    Is stripped; the ravage hath spread wide
+    Through park and field, a perishing
+    That mocks the gladness of the Spring!
+    And, with this silent gloom agreeing,
+    Appears[178] a joyless human Being,                         30
+    Of aspect such as if the waste
+    Were under her dominion placed.
+    Upon a primrose bank, her throne
+    Of quietness, she sits alone;
+    [179]Among the ruins of a wood,                             35
+    Erewhile a covert bright and green,
+    And where full many a brave tree stood,
+    That used to spread its boughs, and ring
+    With the sweet bird's carolling.
+    Behold her, like a virgin Queen,                            40
+    Neglecting in imperial state
+    These outward images of fate,
+    And carrying inward a serene
+    And perfect sway, through many a thought
+    Of chance and change, that hath been brought                45
+    To the subjection of a holy,
+    Though stern and rigorous, melancholy!
+    The like authority, with grace
+    Of awfulness, is in her face,--
+    There hath she fixed it; yet it seems                       50
+    To o'ershadow by no native right
+    That face, which cannot lose the gleams,
+    Lose utterly the tender gleams,
+    Of gentleness and meek delight,
+    And loving-kindness ever bright:                            55
+    Such is her sovereign mien:--her dress
+    (A vest with woollen cincture tied,
+    A hood of mountain-wool undyed)
+    Is homely,--fashioned to express
+    A wandering Pilgrim's humbleness.                           60
+
+      And she _hath_ wandered, long and far,
+    Beneath the light of sun and star;
+    Hath roamed in trouble and in grief,
+    Driven forward like a withered leaf,
+    Yea like a ship at random blown                             65
+    To distant places and unknown.
+    But now she dares to seek a haven
+    Among her native wilds of Craven;
+    Hath seen again her Father's roof,
+    And put her fortitude to proof;                             70
+    The mighty sorrow hath[180] been borne,
+    And she is thoroughly forlorn:
+    Her soul doth in itself stand fast,
+    Sustained by memory of the past
+    And strength of Reason; held above                          75
+    The infirmities of mortal love;
+    Undaunted, lofty, calm, and stable,
+    And awfully impenetrable.
+
+      And so--beneath a mouldered tree,
+    A self-surviving leafless oak                               80
+    By unregarded age from stroke
+    Of ravage saved--sate Emily.
+    There did she rest, with head reclined,
+    Herself most like a stately flower,
+    (Such have I seen) whom chance of birth                     85
+    Hath separated from its kind,
+    To live and die in a shady bower,
+    Single on the gladsome earth.
+
+      When, with a noise like distant thunder,
+    A troop of deer came sweeping by;                           90
+    And, suddenly, behold a wonder!
+    For One, among those rushing deer,[181]
+    A single One, in mid career
+    Hath stopped, and fixed her[182] large full eye
+    Upon the Lady Emily;                                        95
+    A Doe most beautiful, clear-white,
+    A radiant creature, silver-bright!
+
+      Thus checked, a little while it stayed;
+    A little thoughtful pause it made;
+    And then advanced with stealth-like pace,                  100
+    Drew softly near her, and more near--
+    Looked round--but saw no cause for fear;
+    So to her feet the Creature came,[183]
+    And laid its head upon her knee,
+    And looked into the Lady's face,                           105
+    A look of pure benignity,
+    And fond unclouded memory.
+    It is, thought Emily, the same,
+    The very Doe of other years!--
+    The pleading look the Lady viewed,                         110
+    And, by her gushing thoughts subdued,
+    She melted into tears--
+    A flood of tears, that flowed apace,
+    Upon the happy Creature's face.
+
+      Oh, moment ever blest! O Pair                            115
+    Beloved of Heaven, Heaven's chosen[184] care,
+    This was for you a precious greeting;
+    And may it prove a fruitful meeting![185]
+    Joined are they, and the sylvan Doe
+    Can she depart? can she forego                             120
+    The Lady, once her playful peer,
+    And now her sainted Mistress dear?
+    And will not Emily receive
+    This lovely chronicler of things
+    Long past, delights and sorrowings?                        125
+    Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+    The promise in that speaking face;
+    And welcome, as a gift of grace,[186]
+    The saddest thought the Creature brings?[187]
+
+      That day, the first of a re-union                        130
+    Which was to teem with high communion,
+    That day of balmy April weather,
+    They tarried in the wood together.
+    And when, ere fall of evening dew,
+    She from her[188] sylvan haunt withdrew,                   135
+    The White Doe tracked with faithful pace
+    The Lady to her dwelling-place;
+    That nook where, on paternal ground,
+    A habitation she had found,
+    The Master of whose humble board                           140
+    Once owned her Father for his Lord;
+    A hut, by tufted trees defended,
+    Where Rylstone brook with Wharf is blended.[QQ]
+
+      When Emily by morning light
+    Went forth, the Doe stood there[189] in sight.             145
+    She shrunk:--with one frail shock of pain
+    Received and followed by a prayer,
+    She saw the Creature once again;[190]
+    Shun will she not, she feels, will bear;--
+    But, wheresoever she looked round,                         150
+    All now was trouble-haunted ground;
+    And therefore now she deems it good
+    Once more this restless neighbourhood[191]
+    To leave. Unwooed, yet unforbidden,
+    The White Doe followed up the vale,                        155
+    Up to another cottage, hidden
+    In the deep fork of Amerdale;[RR]
+    And there may Emily restore
+    Herself, in spots unseen before.
+    --Why tell of mossy rock, or tree,                         160
+    By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side,[SS]
+    Haunts of a strengthening amity
+    That calmed her, cheered, and fortified?
+    For she hath ventured now to read
+    Of time, and place, and thought, and deed--                165
+    Endless history that lies
+    In her silent Follower's eyes;
+    Who with a power like human reason
+    Discerns the favourable season,
+    Skilled to approach or to retire,--                        170
+    From looks conceiving her desire;
+    From look, deportment, voice, or mien,
+    That vary to the heart within.
+    If she too passionately wreathed[192]
+    Her arms, or over-deeply breathed,                         175
+    Walked quick or slowly, every mood
+    In its degree was understood;
+    Then well may their accord be true,
+    And kindliest[193] intercourse ensue.
+    --Oh! surely 'twas a gentle rousing                        180
+    When she by sudden glimpse espied
+    The White Doe on the mountain browsing,
+    Or in the meadow wandered wide!
+    How pleased, when down the Straggler sank
+    Beside her, on some sunny bank!                            185
+    How soothed, when in thick bower enclosed,
+    They, like a nested pair, reposed!
+    Fair Vision! when it crossed the Maid
+    Within some rocky cavern laid,
+    The dark cave's portal gliding by,                         190
+    White as whitest[194] cloud on high
+    Floating through the[195] azure sky.
+    --What now is left for pain or fear?
+    That Presence, dearer and more dear,
+    While they, side by side, were straying,                   195
+    And the shepherd's pipe was playing,
+    Did now a very gladness yield
+    At morning to the dewy field,[196]
+    And with a deeper peace endued
+    The hour of moonlight solitude.                            200
+
+      With her Companion, in such frame
+    Of mind, to Rylstone back she came;
+    And, ranging[197] through the wasted groves,
+    Received the memory of old loves,
+    Undisturbed and undistrest,                                205
+    Into a soul which now was blest
+    With a soft spring-day of holy,
+    Mild, and grateful, melancholy:[198]
+    Not sunless gloom or unenlightened,
+    But by tender fancies brightened.                          210
+
+      When the bells of Rylstone played
+    Their sabbath music--"=God us ayde!="[TT]
+    That was the sound they seemed to speak;
+    Inscriptive legend which I ween
+    May on those holy bells be seen,                           215
+    That legend and her Grandsire's name;
+    And oftentimes the Lady meek
+    Had in her childhood read the same;
+    Words which she slighted at that day;
+    But now, when such sad change was wrought,                 220
+    And of that lonely name she thought,
+    The bells of Rylstone seemed to say,
+    While she sate listening in the shade,
+    With vocal music, "=God us ayde;="
+    And all the hills were glad to bear                        225
+    Their part in this effectual prayer.
+
+      Nor lacked she Reason's firmest power;
+    But with the White Doe at her side
+    Up would she climb to Norton Tower,
+    And thence look round her far and wide,                    230
+    Her fate there measuring;--all is stilled,--
+    The weak One hath subdued her heart;[199]
+    Behold the prophecy fulfilled,
+    Fulfilled, and she sustains her part!
+    But here her Brother's words have failed;                  235
+    Here hath a milder doom prevailed;
+    That she, of him and all bereft,
+    Hath yet this faithful Partner left;
+    This one Associate[200] that disproves
+    His words, remains for her, and loves.                     240
+    If tears are shed, they do not fall
+    For loss of him--for one, or all;
+    Yet, sometimes, sometimes doth she weep
+    Moved gently in her soul's soft sleep;
+    A few tears down her cheek descend                         245
+    For this her last and living Friend.
+
+      Bless, tender Hearts, their mutual lot,
+    And bless for both this savage spot;
+    Which Emily doth sacred hold
+    For reasons dear and manifold--                            250
+    Here hath she, here before her sight,
+    Close to the summit of this height,
+    The grassy rock-encircled Pound[UU]
+    In which the Creature first was found.
+    So beautiful the timid Thrall                              255
+    (A spotless Youngling white as foam)
+    Her youngest Brother brought it home;
+    The youngest, then a lusty boy,
+    Bore it, or led, to Rylstone-hall
+    With heart brimful of pride and joy![201]                  260
+
+      But most to Bolton's sacred Pile,
+    On favouring nights, she loved to go;
+    There ranged through cloister, court, and aisle,
+    Attended by the soft-paced Doe;
+    Nor feared she in the still moonshine[202]                 265
+    To look upon Saint Mary's shrine;[VV]
+    Nor on the lonely turf that showed
+    Where Francis slept in his last abode.
+    For that she came; there oft she sate
+    Forlorn, but not disconsolate:[203]                        270
+    And, when she from the abyss returned
+    Of thought, she neither shrunk nor mourned;
+    Was happy that she lived to greet
+    Her mute Companion as it lay
+    In love and pity at her feet;                              275
+    How happy in its[204] turn to meet
+    The[205] recognition! the mild glance
+    Beamed from that gracious countenance;
+    Communication, like the ray
+    Of a new morning, to the nature                            280
+    And prospects of the inferior Creature!
+
+      A mortal Song we sing,[206] by dower
+    Encouraged of celestial power;
+    Power which the viewless Spirit shed
+    By whom we were first visited;                             285
+    Whose voice we heard, whose hand and wings
+    Swept like a breeze the conscious strings,
+    When, left in solitude, erewhile
+    We stood before this ruined Pile,
+    And, quitting unsubstantial dreams,                        290
+    Sang in this Presence kindred themes;
+    Distress and desolation spread
+    Through human hearts, and pleasure dead,--
+    Dead--but to live again on earth,
+    A second and yet nobler birth;                             295
+    Dire overthrow, and yet how high
+    The re-ascent in sanctity!
+    From fair to fairer; day by day
+    A more divine and loftier way!
+    Even such this blessèd Pilgrim trod,                       300
+    By sorrow lifted towards her God;
+    Uplifted to the purest sky
+    Of undisturbed mortality.
+    Her own thoughts loved she; and could bend
+    A dear look to her lowly Friend;                           305
+    There stopped; her thirst was satisfied
+    With what this innocent spring supplied:
+    Her sanction inwardly she bore,
+    And stood apart from human cares:
+    But to the world returned no more,                         310
+    Although with no unwilling mind
+    Help did she give at need, and joined
+    The Wharfdale peasants in their prayers.
+    At length, thus faintly, faintly tied
+    To earth, she was set free, and died.                      315
+    Thy soul, exalted Emily,
+    Maid of the blasted family,
+    Rose to the God from whom it came!
+    --In Rylstone Church her mortal frame
+    Was buried by her Mother's side.                           320
+
+      Most glorious sunset! and a ray
+    Survives--the twilight of this day--
+    In that fair Creature whom the fields
+    Support, and whom the forest shields;
+    Who, having filled a holy place,                           325
+    Partakes, in her degree, Heaven's grace;
+    And bears a memory and a mind
+    Raised far above the law of kind;[WW]
+    Haunting the spots with lonely cheer
+    Which her dear Mistress once held dear:                    330
+    Loves most what Emily loved most--
+    The enclosure of this church-yard ground;
+    Here wanders like a gliding ghost,
+    And every sabbath here is found;
+    Comes with the people when the bells                       335
+    Are heard among the moorland dells,
+    Finds entrance through yon arch, where way
+    Lies open on the sabbath-day;
+    Here walks amid the mournful waste
+    Of prostrate altars, shrines defaced,                      340
+    And floors encumbered with rich show
+    Of fret-work imagery laid low;
+    Paces softly, or makes halt,
+    By fractured cell, or tomb, or vault;
+    By plate of monumental brass                               345
+    Dim-gleaming among weeds and grass,
+    And sculptured Forms of Warriors brave:
+    But chiefly by that single grave,
+    That one sequestered hillock green,
+    The pensive visitant is seen.                              350
+    There doth the gentle Creature lie
+    With those adversities unmoved;
+    Calm spectacle, by earth and sky
+    In their benignity approved!
+    And aye, methinks, this hoary Pile,                        355
+    Subdued by outrage and decay,
+    Looks down upon her with a smile,
+    A gracious smile, that seems to say--
+    "Thou, thou art not a Child of Time,
+    But Daughter of the Eternal Prime!"                        360
+
+
+The following is the full text of the first "note" to _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_, published in the quarto edition of 1815. The other notes to
+that edition are printed in this, at the foot of the pages where they
+occur:--
+
+  "The Poem of _The White Doe of Rylstone_ is founded on a local
+  tradition, and on the Ballad in Percy's Collection, entitled _The
+  Rising of the North_. The tradition is as follows: 'About this
+  time,' not long after the Dissolution, 'a White Doe, say the aged
+  people of the neighbourhood, long continued to make a weekly
+  pilgrimage from Rylstone over the fells of Bolton, and was
+  constantly found in the Abbey Church-yard during divine service;
+  after the close of which she returned home as regularly as the
+  rest of the congregation.'--Dr. WHITAKER'S _History of the Deanery
+  of Craven_.--Rylstone was the property and residence of the
+  Nortons, distinguished in that ill-advised and unfortunate
+  Insurrection, which led me to connect with this tradition the
+  principal circumstances of their fate, as recorded in the Ballad
+  which I have thought it proper to annex.
+
+      _The Rising in the North._
+
+  "The subject of this ballad is the great Northern Insurrection in
+  the 12th year of Elizabeth, 1569, which proved so fatal to Thomas
+  Percy, the seventh Earl of Northumberland.
+
+  "There had not long before been a secret negociation entered into
+  between some of the Scottish and English nobility, to bring about
+  a marriage between Mary Q. of Scots, at that time a prisoner in
+  England, and the Duke of Norfolk, a nobleman of excellent
+  character. This match was proposed to all the most considerable of
+  the English nobility, and among the rest to the Earls of
+  Northumberland and Westmoreland, two noblemen very powerful in the
+  North. As it seemed to promise a speedy and safe conclusion of the
+  troubles in Scotland, with many advantages to the crown of
+  England, they all consented to it, provided it should prove
+  agreeable to Queen Elizabeth. The Earl of Leicester (Elizabeth's
+  favourite) undertook to break the matter to her, but before he
+  could find an opportunity, the affair had come to her ears by
+  other hands, and she was thrown into a violent flame. The Duke of
+  Norfolk, with several of his friends, was committed to the Tower,
+  and summons were sent to the Northern Earls instantly to make
+  their appearance at court. It is said that the Earl of
+  Northumberland, who was a man of a mild and gentle nature,[XX] was
+  deliberating with himself whether he should not obey the message,
+  and rely upon the Queen's candour and clemency, when he was forced
+  into desperate measures by a sudden report at midnight, Nov. 14,
+  that a party of his enemies were come to seize his person. The
+  Earl was then at his house at Topcliffe in Yorkshire. When, rising
+  hastily out of bed, he withdrew to the Earl of Westmoreland at
+  Brancepeth, where the country came in to them, and pressed them to
+  take up arms in their own defence. They accordingly set up their
+  standards, declaring their intent was to restore the ancient
+  Religion, to get the succession of the crown firmly settled, and
+  to prevent the destruction of the ancient nobility, etc. Their
+  common banner (on which was displayed the cross, together with the
+  five wounds of Christ) was borne by an ancient gentleman, Richard
+  Norton, Esquire, who, with his sons (among whom, Christopher,
+  Marmaduke, and Thomas, are expressly named by Camden),
+  distinguished himself on this occasion. Having entered Durham,
+  they tore the Bible, etc., and caused mass to be said there; they
+  then marched on to Clifford-moor near Wetherby, where they
+  mustered their men.... The two Earls, who spent their large
+  estates in hospitality, and were extremely beloved on that
+  account, were masters of little ready money; the E. of
+  Northumberland bringing with him only 8000 crowns, and the E. of
+  Westmoreland nothing at all, for the subsistence of their forces,
+  they were not able to march to London, as they had at first
+  intended. In these circumstances, Westmoreland began so visibly to
+  despond, that many of his men slunk away, though Northumberland
+  still kept up his resolution, and was master of the field till
+  December 13, when the Earl of Sussex, accompanied with Lord
+  Hunsden and others, having marched out of York at the head of a
+  large body of forces, and being followed by a still larger army
+  under the command of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick, the
+  insurgents retreated northward towards the borders, and there
+  dismissing their followers, made their escape into Scotland.
+  Though this insurrection had been suppressed with so little
+  bloodshed, the Earl of Sussex and Sir George Bowes, marshal of the
+  army, put vast numbers to death by martial law, without any
+  regular trial. The former of these caused at Durham sixty-three
+  constables to be hanged at once. And the latter made his boast,
+  that for sixty miles in length, and forty in breadth, betwixt
+  Newcastle and Wetherby, there was hardly a town or village wherein
+  he had not executed some of the inhabitants. This exceeds the
+  cruelties practised in the West after Monmouth's rebellion.
+
+  "Such is the account collected from Stow, Speed, Camden, Guthrie,
+  Carte, and Rapin; it agrees, in most particulars, with the
+  following Ballad, apparently the production of some northern
+  minstrel.--
+
+
+      "Listen, lively lordings all,
+        Lithe and listen unto mee,
+      And I will sing of a noble earle,
+        The noblest earle in the north countrie.
+
+      Earle Percy is into his garden gone,
+        And after him walks his fair leddie:
+      I heard a bird sing in mine ear,
+        That I must either fight, or flee.
+
+      Now heaven forefend, my dearest lord,
+        That ever such harm should hap to thee:
+      But goe to London to the court,
+        And fair fall truth and honestie.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, my ladye gay,
+        Alas! thy counsell suits not mee;
+      Mine enemies prevail so fast,
+        That at the court I may not bee.
+
+      O goe to the court yet, good my lord,
+        And take thy gallant men with thee;
+      If any dare to do you wrong,
+        Then your warrant they may bee.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, thou ladye faire,
+        The court is full of subtiltie:
+      And if I goe to the court, ladye,
+        Never more I may thee see.
+
+      Yet goe to the court, my lord, she sayes,
+        And I myselfe will ryde wi' thee:
+      At court then for my dearest lord,
+        His faithful borrowe I will bee.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, my ladye deare;
+        Far lever had I lose my life,
+      Than leave among my cruell foes
+        My love in jeopardy and strife.
+
+      But come thou hither, my little foot-page,
+        Come thou hither unto mee,
+      To Maister Norton thou must goe
+        In all the haste that ever may bee.
+
+      Commend me to that gentleman,
+        And beare this letter here fro mee;
+      And say that earnestly I praye,
+        He will ryde in my companie.
+
+      One while the little foot-page went,
+        And another while he ran;
+      Untill he came to his journey's end,
+        The little foot-page never blan.
+
+      When to that gentleman he came,
+        Down he kneeled on his knee;
+      And took the letter betwixt his hands,
+        And lett the gentleman it see.
+
+      And when the letter it was redd,
+        Affore that goodlye companie,
+      I wis if you the truthe wold know,
+        There was many a weeping eye.
+
+      He sayd, Come thither, Christopher Norton,
+        A gallant youth thou seem'st to bee;
+      What dost thou counsell me, my sonne,
+        Now that good earle's in jeopardy?
+
+      Father, my counselle's fair and free;
+        That erle he is a noble lord,
+      And whatsoever to him you hight,
+        I would not have you breake your word.
+
+      Gramercy, Christopher, my sonne,
+        Thy counsell well it liketh mee,
+      And if we speed and 'scape with life,
+        Well advanced shalt thou bee.
+
+      Come you hither, my nine good sonnes,
+        Gallant men I trowe you bee:
+      How many of you, my children deare,
+        Will stand by that good erle and mee?
+
+      Eight of them did answer make,
+        Eight of them spake hastilie,
+      O Father, till the day we dye
+        We'll stand by that good erle and thee.
+
+      Gramercy, now, my children deare,
+        You shew yourselves right bold and brave,
+      And whethersoe'er I live or dye,
+        A father's blessing you shall have.
+
+      But what say'st thou, O Francis Norton,
+        Thou art mine eldest sonne and heire:
+      Somewhat lies brooding in thy breast;
+        Whatever it bee, to mee declare.
+
+      Father, you are an aged man,
+        Your head is white, your beard is gray;
+      It were a shame at these your years
+        For you to ryse in such a fray.
+
+      Now fye upon thee, coward Francis,
+        Thou never learned'st this of mee;
+      When thou wert young and tender of age,
+        Why did I make soe much of thee?
+
+      But, father, I will wend with you,
+        Unarm'd and naked will I bee;
+      And he that strikes against the crowne,
+        Ever an ill death may he dee.
+
+      Then rose that reverend gentleman,
+        And with him came a goodlye band
+      To join with the brave Earle Percy,
+        And all the flower o' Northumberland.
+
+      With them the noble Nevill came,
+        The erle of Westmoreland was hee;
+      At Wetherbye they mustered their host,
+        Thirteen thousand fair to see.
+
+      Lord Westmorland his ancyent raisde,
+        The Dun Bull he rays'd on hye,
+      And three Dogs with golden collars
+        Were there set out most royallye.
+
+      Erle Percy there his ancyent spread,
+        The Halfe Moone shining all soe faire;
+      The Nortons ancyent had the Crosse,
+        And the five wounds our Lord did beare.
+
+      Then Sir George Bowes he straitwaye rose,
+        After them some spoile to make:
+      Those noble erles turned back againe,
+        And aye they vowed that knight to take.
+
+      That baron he to his castle fled,
+        To Barnard castle then fled hee.
+      The uttermost walles were eathe to win.
+        The earles have wonne them presentlie.
+
+      The uttermost walles were lime and bricke;
+        But though they won them soon anone,
+      Long ere they wan their innermost walles,
+        For they were cut in rocke and stone.
+
+      Then news unto leeve London came
+        In all the speed that ever might bee,
+      And word is brought to our royall queene
+        Of the rysing in the North countrie.
+
+      Her grace she turned her round about,
+        And like a royall queene shee swore,
+      I will ordayne them such a breakfast,
+        As never was in the North before.
+
+      Shee caused thirty thousand men be rays'd,
+        With horse and harneis faire to see;
+      She caused thirty thousand men be raised
+        To take the earles i' th' North countrie.
+
+      Wi' them the false Erle Warwicke went,
+        The Erle Sussex and the Lord Hunsden,
+      Untill they to York castle came
+        I wiss they never stint ne blan.
+
+      Now spred thy ancyent, Westmoreland,
+        Thy dun Bull faine would we spye:
+      And thou, the Erle of Northumberland,
+        Now rayse thy Halfe Moone on hye.
+
+      But the dun bulle is fled and gone,
+        And the halfe moone vanished away:
+      The Erles, though they were brave and bold,
+        Against soe many could not stay.
+
+      Thee, Norton, wi' thine eight good sonnes,
+        They doomed to dye, alas! for ruth!
+      Thy reverend lockes thee could not save,
+        Nor them their faire and blooming youthe.
+
+      Wi' them full many a gallant wight
+        They cruellye bereav'd of life:
+      And many a child made fatherlesse,
+        And widowed many a tender wife.
+
+
+  "'Bolton Priory,' says Dr. Whitaker in his excellent book--_The
+  History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven_--'stands upon a
+  beautiful curvature of the Wharf, on a level sufficiently elevated
+  to protect it from inundations, and low enough for every purpose
+  of picturesque effect.
+
+  "'Opposite to the East window of the Priory Church, the river
+  washes the foot of a rock nearly perpendicular, and of the richest
+  purple, where several of the mineral beds, which break out,
+  instead of maintaining their usual inclination to the horizon, are
+  twisted by some inconceivable process, into undulating and spiral
+  lines. To the South all is soft and delicious; the eye reposes
+  upon a few rich pastures, a moderate reach of the river,
+  sufficiently tranquil to form a mirror to the sun, and the
+  bounding hills beyond, neither too near nor too lofty to exclude,
+  even in winter, any portion of his rays.
+
+  "'But, after all, the glories of Bolton are on the North. Whatever
+  the most fastidious taste could require to constitute a perfect
+  landscape is not only found here, but in its proper place. In
+  front, and immediately under the eye, is a smooth expanse of
+  park-like enclosure, spotted with native elm, ash, etc. of the
+  finest growth: on the right a skirting oak wood, with jutting
+  points of grey rock; on the left a rising copse. Still forward are
+  seen the aged groves of Bolton Park, the growth of centuries; and
+  farther yet, the barren and rocky distances of Simon-seat and
+  Barden Fell contrasted with the warmth, fertility, and luxuriant
+  foliage of the valley below.
+
+  "'About half a mile above Bolton the Valley closes, and either
+  side of the Wharf is overhung by solemn woods, from which huge
+  perpendicular masses of grey rock jut out at intervals.
+
+  "'This sequestered scene was almost inaccessible till of late,
+  that ridings have been cut on both sides of the River, and the
+  most interesting points laid open by judicious thinnings in the
+  woods. Here a tributary stream rushes from a waterfall, and bursts
+  through a woody glen to mingle its waters with the Wharf: there
+  the Wharf itself is nearly lost in a deep cleft in the rock, and
+  next becomes a horned flood enclosing a woody island--sometimes it
+  reposes for a moment, and then resumes its native character,
+  lively, irregular, and impetuous.
+
+  "'The cleft mentioned above is the tremendous STRID. This chasm,
+  being incapable of receiving the winter floods, has formed, on
+  either side, a broad strand of naked gritstone full of
+  rock-basons, or "pots of the Linn," which bear witness to the
+  restless impetuosity of so many Northern torrents. But, if here
+  Wharf is lost to the eye, it amply repays another sense by its
+  deep and solemn roar, like "the Voice of the angry Spirit of the
+  Waters," heard far above and beneath, amidst the silence of the
+  surrounding woods.
+
+  "'The terminating object of the landscape is the remains of Barden
+  Tower, interesting from their form and situation, and still more
+  so from the recollections which they excite.'"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The White Doe of Rylstone_ has been assigned chronologically to the
+year 1808; although part of it--probably the larger half--was written
+during the autumn of the previous year, and it remained unfinished in
+1810, while the Dedication was not written till 1815. In the Fenwick
+note, Wordsworth tells us that the "earlier half" was written at
+Stockton-on-Tees "at the close" of 1807, and "proceeded with" at Dove
+Cottage, after his return to Grasmere, which was in April 1808. But on
+the 28th February, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth, writing from Allan Bank to
+Lady Beaumont, says, "Before my brother turns to any other labour, I
+hope he will have finished three books of _The Recluse_. He seldom
+writes less than 50 lines every day. After this task is finished he
+hopes to complete _The White Doe_, and proud should we all be if it
+should be honoured by a frontispiece from the pencil of Sir George
+Beaumont. Perhaps this is not impossible, if you come into the north
+next summer."
+
+A frontispiece was drawn by Sir George Beaumont for the quarto edition
+of 1815.
+
+When part of the poem was finished, Wordsworth showed it to Southey; and
+Southey, writing to Walter Scott, in February 1808, said,--
+
+  "Wordsworth has just completed a most masterly poem upon the fate
+  of the Nortons; two or three lines in the old ballad of _The
+  Rising of the North_ gave him the hint. The story affected me more
+  deeply than I wish to be affected; younger readers, however, will
+  not object to the depth of the distress, and nothing was ever more
+  ably treated. He is looking, too, for a narrative subject, pitched
+  in a lower key."
+
+One of the most interesting letters of S. T. Coleridge to Wordsworth is
+an undated one, sent from London in the spring of 1808, containing a
+characteristic criticism of _The White Doe_. The Wordsworth family had
+asked Coleridge to discuss the subject of the publication of the poem
+with the Longmans' firm. It is more than probable that it was
+Coleridge's criticism of the structural defects in the poem, that led
+Wordsworth to postpone its publication. The following is part of the
+letter:--
+
+  "... In my reperusals of the poem, it seemed always to strike on
+  my feeling as well as judgment, that if there were any serious
+  defect, it consisted in a disproportion of the Accidents to the
+  spiritual Incidents; and, closely connected with this,--if it be
+  not indeed the same,--that Emily is indeed talked of, and once
+  appears, but neither speaks nor acts, in all the first
+  three-fourths of the poem. Then, as the outward interest of the
+  poem is in favour of the old man's religious feelings, and the
+  filial heroism of his band of sons, it seemed to require something
+  in order to place the two protestant malcontents of the family in
+  a light that made them beautiful as well as virtuous. In short, to
+  express it far more strongly than I mean or think, in order (in
+  the present anguish of my spirits) to be able to express it at
+  all, that three-fourths of the work is everything rather _than_
+  Emily; and then, the last--almost a separate and doubtless an
+  exquisite poem--wholly _of_ Emily. The whole of the rest, and the
+  delivering up of the family by Francis, I never ceased to find,
+  not only comparatively heavy, but to me quite obscure as to
+  Francis's motives. On the few, to whom, within my acquaintance,
+  the poem has been read, either by yourself or me (I have, I
+  believe, read it only at the Beaumonts'), it produced the same
+  effect.
+
+  "Now I have conceived two little incidents, the introduction of
+  which, joined to a little abridgment, and lyrical precipitation of
+  the last half of the third, I had thought would have removed this
+  defect, so seeming to me, and bring to a finer balance the
+  _business_ with the _action_ of the tale. But after my receipt of
+  your letter, concerning Lamb's censures, I felt my courage fail,
+  and that what I deemed a harmonizing would disgust you as a
+  _materialization_ of the plan, and appear to you like
+  insensibility to the power of the history in the mind. Not that I
+  should have shrunk back from the mere fear of giving transient
+  pain, and a temporary offence, from the want of sympathy of
+  feeling and coincidence of opinions. I rather envy than blame that
+  deep interest in a production, which is inevitable perhaps, and
+  certainly not dishonourable to such as feel poetry their calling
+  and their duty, and which no man would find much fault with if the
+  object, instead of a poem, were a large estate or a title. It
+  appears to me to become a foible only when the poet denies, or is
+  unconscious of its existence, but I did not deem myself in such a
+  state of mind as to entitle me to rely on my own opinion when
+  opposed to yours, from the heat and bustle of these disgusting
+  lectures."
+
+       .       .       .       .       .
+
+  "From most of these causes I was suffering, so as not to allow me
+  any rational confidence in my opinions when contrary to yours,
+  which had been formed in calmness and on long reflection. Then I
+  received your sister's letter, stating the wish that I would give
+  up the thought of proposing the means of correction, and merely
+  point out the things to be corrected, which--as they could be of
+  no great consequence--you might do in a day or two, and the
+  publication of the poem--for the immediacy of which she expressed
+  great anxiety--be no longer retarded. The merely verbal
+  _alteranda_ did appear to me very few and trifling. From your
+  letter on L----, I concluded that you would not have the incidents
+  and action interfered with, and therefore I sent it off; but soon
+  retracted it, in order to note down the single words and phrases
+  that I disliked in the books, after the two first, as there would
+  be time to receive your opinion of them during the printing of the
+  two first, in which I saw nothing amiss, except the one passage we
+  altered together, and the two lines which I scratched out, because
+  you yourself were doubtful. Mrs. Shepherd told me that she had
+  felt them exactly as I did--namely, as interrupting the spirit of
+  the continuous tranquil motion of _The White Doe_."
+
+It will be seen from this letter that Wordsworth had gone over the poem
+with Coleridge, and that they had altered some passages "together"; that
+Coleridge had read a copy of it sent to the Beaumonts, doubtless at
+Dunmow in Essex; that he had thought of a plan by which the poem could
+be immensely improved, both by addition and subtraction; but that
+hearing from Wordsworth, or more probably from his sister Dorothy, that
+Charles Lamb had also criticised its structure, he gave up his intention
+of sending to his friend suggestions, which evidently implied a radical
+alteration of "the incidents and action" of the tale. It would have been
+extremely interesting to know how the author of _Christabel_ and _The
+Ancient Mariner_ proposed to recast _The White Doe of Rylstone_. It is,
+alas! impossible for posterity to know this, although it is not
+difficult to conjecture the line which the alterations would take.
+Wordsworth's genius was not great in construction, as in imagination;
+and he valued a story only as giving him a "point of departure" for a
+flight of fancy or of idealization. Early in 1808 he wrote to Walter
+Scott asking him for facts about the Norton family. Scott supplied him
+with them, and the following was Wordsworth's reply.
+
+                                        "GRASMERE, May 14, 1808.
+
+  "MY DEAR SCOTT--Thank you for the interesting particulars about
+  the Nortons. I like them much for their own sakes; but so far from
+  being serviceable to my poem, they would stand in the way of it,
+  as I have followed (as I was in duty bound to do) the traditionary
+  and common historic account. Therefore I shall say, in this case,
+  a plague upon your industrious antiquarians, that have put my fine
+  story to confusion."
+
+From the "advertisement" which Wordsworth prefixed to his edition of
+1815, I infer that the larger part of the poem was written at Stockton.
+In it he says that "the Poem of _The White Doe_ was composed at the
+close of the year" (1807). This is an illustration of the vague manner
+in which he was in the habit of assigning dates. The Fenwick note, and
+the evidence of his sister's letter, is conclusive; although the fact
+that _The Force of Prayer_--written in 1807--is called in the Fenwick
+note "an appendage to _The White Doe_," is further confirmation of the
+belief that the principal part of the latter poem was finished in 1807.
+All things considered, _The White Doe of Rylstone_ may be most
+conveniently placed after the poems belonging to the year 1807, and
+before those known to have been written in 1808; while _The Force of
+Prayer_ naturally follows it.
+
+The poem--first published in quarto in 1815--was scarcely altered in the
+editions of 1820, 1827, and 1832. In 1837, however, it was revised
+throughout, and in that year the text was virtually settled; the
+subsequent changes being few and insignificant, while those introduced
+in 1837 were numerous and important. A glance at the foot-notes will
+show that many passages were entirely rewritten in that year, and that a
+good many lines of the earlier text were altogether omitted. All the
+poems were subjected to minute revision in 1836-37; but few, if any,
+were more thoroughly recast, and improved, in that year than _The White
+Doe of Rylstone_. As a sample of the best kind of changes--where a new
+thought was added to the earlier text with admirable felicity--compare
+the lines in canto vii., as it stood in 1815, when the Lady Emily first
+saw the White Doe at the old Hall of Rylstone, after her terrible losses
+and desolation--
+
+      Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+      The promise in that speaking face,
+      And take this gift of Heaven with grace?
+
+with the additional thought conveyed in the version of 1837--
+
+      Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+      The promise in that speaking face;
+      And welcome, as a gift of grace,
+      The saddest thought the Creature brings?
+
+In the "Reminiscences" of Wordsworth--written by the Hon. Mr. Justice
+Coleridge for the late Bishop of Lincoln's _Memoirs_ of his uncle--the
+following occurs. (See vol. ii. p. 311.) "His conversation was on
+critical subjects, arising out of his attempts to alter his poems. He
+said he considered _The White Doe_ as, in conception, the highest work
+he had ever produced. The mere physical action was all unsuccessful: but
+the true action of the poem was spiritual--the subduing of the will, and
+all inferior fancies, to the perfect purifying and spiritualizing of the
+intellectual nature; while the Doe, by connection with Emily, is raised
+as it were from its mere animal nature into something mysterious and
+saint-like. He said he should devote much labour to perfecting the
+execution of it in the mere business parts, in which, from anxiety 'to
+get on' with the more important parts, he was sensible that
+imperfections had crept in which gave the style a feebleness of
+character."
+
+From this conversation--which took place in 1836--it will be seen that
+Wordsworth knew very well that there were feeble passages in the earlier
+editions; and that, in the thorough revision which he gave to all his
+poems in 1836-37, this one was specially singled out for "much labour."
+The result is seen by a glance at the changes of the text.
+
+The notes appended by Wordsworth to the edition of 1815 explain some of
+the historical and topographical allusions in the poem. To these the
+following editorial notes may be added--
+
+
+      I. (See pp. 106, 107.)
+
+      _... Bolton's mouldering Priory._
+                    ...
+                      _... the tower
+      Is standing with a voice of power,_
+                    ...
+      _And in the shattered fabric's heart
+      Remaineth one protected part;
+      A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,
+      Closely embowered and trimly drest._
+
+In 1153, the canons of the Augustinian Priory at Embsay, near Skipton,
+were removed to Bolton, by William Fitz Duncan, and his wife, Cecilia de
+Romillé, who granted it by charter in exchange for the Manors of Skibdem
+and Stretton. The establishment at Bolton consisted of a prior and about
+15 canons, over 200 persons (including servants and lay brethren) being
+supported at Bolton. During the Scottish raids of the fourteenth
+century, the prior and canons had frequently to retreat to Skipton for
+safety. In 1542 the site of the priory and demesnes were sold to Harry
+Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland. From the last Earl of Cumberland it
+passed to the second Earl of Cork, and then to the Devonshire family, to
+which it still belongs. The following is part of the excellent account
+of the Priory, given in Murray's _Yorkshire_:--
+
+  "The chief relic of the Priory is the church, the nave of which
+  after the Dissolution was retained as the chapel of this so-called
+  'Saxon-Cure.' This nave remains perfect, but the rest of the
+  church is in complete ruin. The lower walls of the choir are
+  Trans-Norman, and must have been built immediately after (if not
+  before) the removal from Embsay. The upper walls and windows (the
+  tracery of which is destroyed) are decorated. The nave is early
+  English, and decorated; and the original west front remains with
+  an elaborate Perpendicular front of excellent design, intended as
+  the base of a western tower, which was never finished.... The nave
+  (which has been restored under the direction of Crace)--the
+
+               "'One protected part
+      In the shattered fabric's heart,'
+
+  is Early English on the south side, and Decorated on the north....
+  At the end of the nave aisle, enclosed by a Perpendicular screen,
+  is a chantry, founded by the Mauleverers; and below it is the
+  vault, in which, according to tradition, the Claphams of Beamsley
+  and their ancestors the Mauleverers were interred upright--
+
+      "'Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;
+      And, through the chink in the fractured floor
+      Look down, and see a griesly sight;
+      A vault where the bodies are buried upright!
+      There, face by face, and hand by hand,
+      The Claphams and Mauleverers stand.'
+
+  "Whitaker, however, could never see this 'griesly sight' through
+  the chink in the floor; and it is perhaps altogether traditional.
+  The ruined portion of the church is entirely Decorated, with the
+  exception of the lower walls of the choir. The transepts had
+  eastern aisles. The north transept is nearly perfect: the south
+  retains only its western wall, in which are two decorated windows.
+  The piers of a central tower remain; but at what period it was
+  destroyed, or if it was ever completed, is uncertain. The choir is
+  long and aisleless. Some fragments of tracery remain in the south
+  window, which was a very fine one. Below the window runs a
+  Transitional Norman arcade. Some portions of tomb-slabs remain in
+  the choir.... The church-yard lies on the north side of the ruins.
+  This has been made classic ground by Wordsworth's poem."
+
+
+      II. (See p. 118.)
+
+                     _... the shy recess
+      Of Barden's lowly quietness._
+
+Compare the poem _The Force of Prayer, or the Founding of Bolton
+Priory_, p. 204. Whitaker writes thus of the district of Upper
+Wharfedale at Barden. "Grey tower-like projections of rock, stained with
+the various hues of lichens, and hung with loose and streaming canopies
+of ling, start out at intervals." Before the restoration of Henry
+Clifford, the Shepherd-lord, to the estates of his ancestors--on the
+accession of Henry VII.--there was only a keeper's lodge or tower at
+Barden, "one of six which existed in different parts of Barden Forest.
+The Shepherd-lord, whose early life among the Cumberland Fells led him
+to seek quiet and retirement after his restoration, preferred Barden to
+his greater castles, and enlarged (or rather rebuilt) it so as to
+provide accommodation for a moderate train of attendants."
+
+
+      III. (See p. 121.)
+
+        _It was the time when England's Queen
+      Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;_
+                     ...
+      _But now the inly-working North
+      Was ripe to send its thousands forth,
+      A potent vassalage, to fight
+      In Percy's and in Neville's right_, etc.
+
+The circumstances which led to the Rising in the North, and the chief
+incidents of that unfortunate episode in English history, are traced in
+detail by Mr. Froude, in the fifty-third chapter of his _History of
+England_. They are also summarized, in a lecture on _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_, by the late Principal Shairp, in his _Aspects of Poetry_,
+from which the following passage is an extract (pp. 346-48).
+
+  "The incidents on which the _White Doe_ is founded belong to the
+  year 1569, the twelfth of Queen Elizabeth.
+
+  "It is well known that as soon as Queen Mary of Scotland was
+  imprisoned in England, she became the centre around which gathered
+  all the intrigues which were then on foot, not only in England but
+  throughout Catholic Europe, to dethrone the Protestant Queen
+  Elizabeth. Abroad, the Catholic world was collecting all its
+  strength to crush the heretical island. The bigot Pope, Pius V.,
+  with the dark intriguer, Philip II. of Spain, and the savage Duke
+  of Alva, were ready to pour their forces on the shores of England.
+
+  "At home, a secret negotiation for a marriage between Queen Mary
+  and the Duke of Norfolk had received the approval of many of the
+  chief English nobles. The Queen discovered the plot, threw Norfolk
+  and some of his friends into the Tower, and summoned Percy, Earl
+  of Northumberland, and Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, immediately
+  to appear at court. These two earls were known to be holding
+  secret communications with Mary, and longing to see the old faith
+  restored.
+
+  "On receiving the summons, Northumberland at once withdrew to
+  Brancepeth Castle, a stronghold of the Earl of Westmoreland.
+  Straightway all their vassals rose, and gathered round the two
+  great earls. The whole of the North was in arms. A proclamation
+  went forth that they intended to restore the ancient religion, to
+  settle the succession to the crown, and to prevent the destruction
+  of the old nobility. As they marched forward they were joined by
+  all the strength of the Yorkshire dales, and, among others, by a
+  gentleman of ancient name, Richard Norton, accompanied by eight
+  brave sons. He came bearing the common banner, called the Banner
+  of the Five Wounds, because on it was displayed the Cross with the
+  five wounds of our Lord. The insurgents entered Durham, tore the
+  Bible, caused mass to be said in the cathedral, and then set
+  forward as for York. Changing their purpose on the way, they
+  turned aside to lay siege to Barnard Castle, which was held by Sir
+  George Bowes for the Queen. While they lingered there for eleven
+  days, Sussex marched against them from York, and the earls, losing
+  heart, retired towards the Border, and disbanded their forces,
+  which were left to the vengeance of the enemy, while they
+  themselves sought refuge in Scotland. Northumberland, after a
+  confinement of several years in Loch Leven Castle, was betrayed by
+  the Scots to the English, and put to death. Westmoreland died an
+  exile in Flanders, the last of the ancient house of the Nevilles,
+  earls of Westmoreland. Norton, with his eight sons, fell into the
+  hands of Sussex, and all suffered death at York. It is the fate of
+  this ancient family on which Wordsworth's poem is founded."
+
+This statement as to the fate of Norton's sons, however, is not borne
+out by the historians. Mr. Froude says (_History of England_, chap. 53),
+"Two sons of old Norton and two of his brothers, after long and close
+cross-questioning in the Tower, were tried and convicted at Westminster.
+Two of these Nortons were afterwards pardoned. Two, one of whom was
+Christopher, the poor youth who had been bewildered by the fair eyes of
+the Queen of Scots at Bolton, were put to death at Tyburn, with the
+usual cruelties."
+
+
+      IV. (See p. 127.)
+
+      _For we must fall, both we and ours--
+      This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,
+      Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall--
+      Our fate is theirs, will reach them all._
+
+Little now remains of Rylstone Hall but the site. "Some garden flowers
+still, as when Whitaker wrote, mark the site of the pleasaunce. The
+house fell into decay immediately after the attainder of the Nortons;
+and, with the estates here, remained in the hands of the Crown until the
+second year of James I., when they were granted to the Earl of
+Cumberland. Although Wordsworth makes the Nortons raise their famous
+banner here, they assembled their followers in fact at Ripon (November
+18, 1569), but their Rylstone tenants rose with them."
+
+
+      V. (See p. 137.)
+
+      _Until Lord Dacre with his power
+      From Naworth come; and Howard's aid
+      Be with them openly displayed._
+
+Naworth Castle, at the head of the vale of Llanercort, in the Gilsland
+district of Cumberland, was the seat of the Dacres from the reign of
+Edward III. George, Lord Dacre, the last heir-male of that family, was
+killed in 1559; and Lord William Howard (the third son of Thomas, Duke
+of Norfolk), who was made Warden of the Borders by Queen Elizabeth, and
+did much to introduce order and good government into the district,
+married the heiress of the Dacre family, and succeeded to the castle and
+estate of Naworth. The arms over the entrance of the castle are the
+Howard's and Dacre's quartered.
+
+
+      VI. (See p. 137.)
+
+      _... mitred Thurston--what a Host
+      He conquered!..._
+                      _... while to battle moved
+      The Standard, on the Sacred Wain
+      That bore it...._
+
+The Battle of the Standard was fought in 1137.
+
+  "One gleam of national glory broke the darkness of the time. King
+  David of Scotland stood first among the partizans of his kinswoman
+  Matilda, and on the accession of Stephen his army crossed the
+  border to enforce her claim. The pillage and cruelties of the wild
+  tribes of Galloway and the Highlands roused the spirit of the
+  north; baron and freeman gathered at York round Archbishop
+  Thurstan, and marched to the field of Northallerton to await the
+  foe. The sacred banners of St. Cuthbert of Durham, St. Peter of
+  York, St. John of Beverley, and St. Wilfrid of Ripon, hung from a
+  pole fixed in a four-wheeled car, which stood in the centre of the
+  host. 'I who wear no armour,' shouted the chief of the Galwegians,
+  'will go as far this day as any one with breastplate of mail;' his
+  men charged with wild shouts of 'Albin, Albin,' and were followed
+  by the Norman knighthood of the Lowlands. The rout, however, was
+  complete; the fierce hordes dashed in vain against the close
+  English ranks around the Standard, and the whole army fled in
+  confusion to Carlisle." (J. R. Green's _Short History of the
+  English People_, p. 99.)
+
+
+      VII. (See p. 153.)
+
+      _High on a point of rugged ground
+      Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell
+      Above the loftiest ridge or mound
+      Where foresters or shepherds dwell,
+      An edifice of warlike frame
+      Stands single--Norton Tower its name--
+      It fronts all quarters, and looks round
+      O'er path and road, and plain and dell,
+      Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream
+      Upon a prospect without bound._
+
+  "Some mounds near the tower are thought to have been used as butts
+  for archers; and there are traces of a strong wall, running from
+  the tower to the edge of a deep glen, whence a ditch runs to
+  another ravine. This was once a pond, used by the Nortons for
+  detaining the red deer within the township of Rylstone, which they
+  asserted was not within the forest of Skipton, and consequently
+  that the Cliffords had no right to hunt therein. The Cliffords
+  eventually became lords of all the Norton lands here."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In January 1816, Wordsworth wrote thus to his friend Archdeacon
+Wrangham.
+
+  "Of _The White Doe_ I have little to say, but that I hope it will
+  be acceptable to the intelligent, for whom alone it is written. It
+  starts from a high point of imagination, and comes round, through
+  various wanderings of that faculty, to a still higher--nothing
+  less than the apotheosis of the animal who gives the first of the
+  two titles to the poem. And as the poem thus begins and ends with
+  pure and lofty imagination, every motive and impetus that actuates
+  the persons introduced is from the same source; a kindred spirit
+  pervades, and is intended to harmonise, the whole. Throughout
+  objects (the banner, for instance) derive their influence, not
+  from properties inherent in them, not from what they _are_
+  actually in themselves, but from such as are _bestowed_ upon them
+  by the minds of those who are conversant with, or affected by,
+  these objects. Thus the poetry, if there be any in the work,
+  proceeds, as it ought to do, from the _soul of man_, communicating
+  its creative energies to the images of the external world."
+
+The following is from a letter to Southey in the same year:--"Do you
+know who reviewed _The White Doe_ in the 'Quarterly'? After having
+asserted that Mr. W. uses his words without any regard to their sense,
+the writer says that on no other principle can he explain that Emily is
+_always_ called 'the consecrated Emily.' Now, the name Emily occurs just
+fifteen times in the poem; and out of these fifteen, the epithet is
+attached to it _once_, and that for the express purpose of recalling the
+scene in which she had been consecrated by her brother's solemn
+adjuration, that she would fulfil her destiny, and become a soul,
+
+      "'By force of sorrows high
+      Uplifted to the purest sky
+      Of undisturbed mortality.'
+
+The point upon which the whole moral interest of the piece hinges, when
+that speech is closed, occurs in this line,--
+
+      "'He kissed the consecrated Maid;'
+
+And to bring back this to the reader, I repeated the epithet."
+
+In a letter to Wordsworth about _The Waggoner_, Charles Lamb wrote, June
+7, 1819, "I re-read _The White Doe of Rylstone_; the title should be
+always written at length, as Mary Sabilla Novello, a very nice woman of
+our acquaintance, always signs hers at the bottom of the shortest
+note.... Manning had just sent it home, and it came as fresh to me as
+the immortal creature it speaks of. M. sent it home with a note, having
+this passage in it: 'I cannot help writing to you while I am reading
+Wordsworth's poem.... 'Tis broad, noble, poetical, with a masterly
+scanning of human actions, absolutely above common readers.'" (See _The
+Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. pp. 25, 26.)
+
+Henry Crabb Robinson's judgment, as given in his _Diary_, June 1815, is
+interesting. (See vol. i. p. 484.)
+
+The following is from Principal Shairp's estimate of _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_ in his Oxford Lectures, _Aspects of Poetry_ (chapter xii. pp.
+373-76). "What is it that gives to it" (the poem) "its chief power and
+charm? Is it not the imaginative use which the poet has made of the
+White Doe? With her appearance the poem opens, with her re-appearance it
+closes. And the passages in which she is introduced are radiant with the
+purest light of poetry. A mere floating tradition she was, which the
+historian of Craven had preserved. How much does the poet bring out of
+how little! It was a high stroke of genius to seize on this slight
+traditionary incident, and make it the organ of so much. What were the
+objects which he had to describe and blend into one harmonious whole.
+They were these:
+
+"1. The last expiring gleam of feudal chivalry, ending in the ruin of an
+ancient race, and the desolation of an ancestral home.
+
+"2. The sole survivor, purified and exalted by the sufferings she had to
+undergo.
+
+"3. The pathos of the decaying sanctities of Bolton, after wrong and
+outrage, abandoned to the healing of nature and time.
+
+"4. Lastly, the beautiful scenery of pastoral Wharfdale, and of the
+fells around Bolton, which blend so well with these affecting memories.
+
+"All these were before him--they had melted into his imagination, and
+waited to be woven into one harmonious creation. He takes the White Doe,
+and makes her the exponent, the symbol, the embodiment of them all. The
+one central aim--to represent the beatification of the heroine--how was
+this to be attained? Had it been a drama, the poet would have made the
+heroine give forth in speeches, her hidden mind and character. But this
+was a romantic narrative. Was the poet to make her soliloquise, analyse
+her own feelings, lay bare her heart in metaphysical monologue? This
+might have been done by some modern poets, but it was not Wordsworth's
+way of exhibiting character, reflective though he was. When he analyses
+feelings they are generally his own, not those of his characters. To
+shadow forth that which is invisible, the sanctity of Emily's chastened
+soul, he lays hold of this sensible image--a creature, the purest, most
+innocent, most beautiful in the whole realm of nature--and makes her the
+vehicle in which he embodies the saintliness which is a thing invisible.
+It is the hardest of all tasks to make spiritual things sensuous,
+without degrading them. I know not where this difficulty has been more
+happily met; for we are made to feel that, before the poem closes, the
+Doe has ceased to be a mere animal, or a physical creature at all, but
+in the light of the poet's imagination, has been transfigured into a
+heavenly apparition--a type of all that is pure, and affecting, and
+saintly. And not only the chastened soul of her mistress, but the
+beautiful Priory of Bolton, the whole Vale of Wharfe, and all the
+surrounding scenery, are illumined by the glory which she makes; her
+presence irradiates them all with a beauty and an interest more than the
+eye discovers. Seen through her as an imaginative transparency, they
+become spiritualized; in fact, she and they alike become the symbol and
+expression of the sentiment which pervades the poem--a sentiment broad
+and deep as the world. And yet, any one who visits these scenes, in a
+mellow autumnal day, will feel that she is no alien or adventitious
+image, imported by the caprice of the poet, but altogether native to the
+place, one which gathers up and concentrates all the undefined spirit
+and sentiment which lie spread around it. She both glorifies the scenery
+by her presence, and herself seems to be a natural growth of the
+scenery, so that it finds in her its most appropriate utterance. This
+power of imagination to divine and project the very corporeal image
+which suits and expresses the image of a scene, Wordsworth has many
+times shown....
+
+"And so the poem has no definite end, but passes off, as it were, into
+the illimitable. It rises out of the perturbations of time and
+transitory things, and, passing upward itself, takes our thoughts with
+it to calm places and eternal sunshine."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... born of heavenly birth,                        1815.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1815.
+
+[4] 1820.
+
+      ... of the crystal Wharf,                          1815.
+
+[5] 1837.
+
+      A rural Chapel, neatly drest,
+      In covert like a little nest;                      1815.
+
+[6] 1837.
+
+      And faith and hope are in their prime,             1815.
+
+[7]
+
+      And right across the verdant sod
+      Towards the very house of God;
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[8] 1837.
+
+      A gift ...                                         1815.
+
+[9] 1837.
+
+      Is through ...                                     1815.
+
+[10] 1837.
+
+                       ... she no less
+      To the open day gives blessedness.                 1815.
+
+[11] 1837.
+
+                   ... hand of healing,--
+      The altar, whence the cross was rent,
+      Now rich with mossy ornament,--
+      The dormitory's length laid bare,
+      Where the wild-rose blossoms fair;
+      And sapling ash, whose place of birth
+      Is that lordly chamber's hearth?                   1815.
+
+      For altar, ...                                     1827.
+
+      Or dormitory's length ...                          1827.
+
+[12] 1837.
+
+      Methinks she passeth by the sight,                 1815.
+
+[13] 1827.
+
+      And in this way she fares, till at last            1815.
+
+[14] 1845.
+
+      Gently ...                                         1815.
+
+[15] 1837.
+
+      Like the river in its flowing;
+      Can there be a softer sound?                       1815.
+
+[16] 1837.
+
+      --When now again the people rear
+      A voice of praise, with awful chear!               1815.
+
+[17] 1837.
+
+      Turn, with obeisance gladly paid,
+      Towards the spot, where, full in view,
+      The lovely Doe of whitest hue,                     1815.
+
+[18]
+
+        This whisper soft repeats what he
+      Had known from early infancy.
+
+    In the editions of 1815 to 1832 the paragraph begins with these
+    lines.
+
+[19] 1837.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1815.
+
+[20] 1837.
+
+      Who in his youth had often fed                     1815.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1827.
+
+[21] 1837.
+
+      And lately hath brought home the scars
+      Gathered in long and distant wars--                1815.
+
+[22] 1837.
+
+      ... hath mounted ...                               1815.
+
+[23] 1837.
+
+                          ... when God's grace
+      At length had in her heart found place,            1815.
+
+[24] 1837.
+
+      Well may her thoughts be harsh; for she
+      Numbers among her ancestry                         1815.
+
+[25] 1827.
+
+      ... Cumbria's ...                                  1815.
+
+[26] 1837.
+
+      ... humble ...                                     1815.
+
+[27] 1837.
+
+                        ... through strong desire
+      Searching the earth with chemic fire:              1815.
+
+[28] These two lines were added in the edition of 1837.
+
+[29] 1837.
+
+      By busy dreams, and fancies wild;                  1815.
+
+[30] 1840.
+
+      Thou hast breeze-like visitings;
+      For a Spirit with angel wings
+      Hath touched thee, ...                             1815.
+
+      A Spirit, with angelic wings,
+      In soft and breeze-like visitings,
+      Has touched thee-- ...                             1837.
+
+      A Spirit, with his angelic wings,                     C.
+
+[31] 1827.
+
+      ... --'twas She who wrought                        1815.
+
+[32] 1837.
+
+      ... the ...                                        1815.
+
+[33] 1837.
+
+      ... one that did fulfil                            1815.
+
+[34] 1837.
+
+      ... (such was the command)                         1815.
+
+[35] 1845.
+
+      To be by force of arms renewed;
+      Glad prospect for the multitude!                   1815.
+
+      To be triumphantly restored;
+      By the dread justice of the sword!                 1820.
+
+[36] 1827.
+
+      This ...                                           1815.
+
+[37] 1827.
+
+      ... blissful ...                                   1815.
+
+[38] 1837.
+
+      Loud noise was in the crowded hall,                1815.
+
+[39] 1837.
+
+      ... which had a dying fall,                        1815.
+
+[40] 1837.
+
+      And on ...                                         1815.
+
+[41] 1820.
+
+      ... wet ...                                        1815.
+
+[42] 1837.
+
+      Then seized the staff, and thus did say:           1815.
+
+[43] 1837.
+
+        Forth when Sire and Sons appeared
+      A gratulating shout was reared,
+      With din ...                                       1815.
+
+[44] 1837.
+
+      --A shout ...                                      1815.
+
+[45] 1837.
+
+      And, when he waked at length, his eye              1815.
+
+[46]
+
+      Oh! hide them from each other, hide,
+      Kind Heaven, this pair severely tried!
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[47]
+
+      How could he chuse but shrink or sigh?
+      He shrunk, and muttered inwardly,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[48] 1837.
+
+        He paused, her silence to partake,
+      And long it was before he spake:
+      Then, all at once, his thoughts turned round,      1815.
+
+[49] 1837.
+
+      ... were beloved,                                  1815.
+
+[50] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[51] 1827.
+
+      Was He, ...                                        1815.
+
+[52] 1820.
+
+      I, in the right ...                                1815.
+
+[53] 1827.
+
+      ... to stand against ...                           1815.
+
+[54] 1837.
+
+      Thee, chiefly thee, ...                            1815.
+
+[55] 1837.
+
+      The last leaf which by heaven's decree
+      Must hang upon a blasted tree;                     1815.
+
+[56] 1827.
+
+      ... we have breathed ...                           1815.
+
+[57] 1837.
+
+      ... he pursued,                                    1815.
+
+[58] 1837.
+
+      Now joy for you and sudden chear,
+      Ye Watchmen upon Brancepeth Towers;
+      Looking forth in doubt and fear,                   1815.
+
+[59] 1837.
+
+      Forthwith the armed Company                        1815.
+
+[60] 1837.
+
+      ... hail ...                                       1815.
+
+[61] 1837.
+
+      ... the mildest birth,                             1815.
+
+[62]
+
+      With tumult and indignant rout
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[63] 1827.
+
+      Came Foot and Horse-men of each degree,            1815.
+
+[64] 1827.
+
+      And the Romish Priest, ...                         1815.
+
+[65] 1827.
+
+      But none for undisputed worth                      1815.
+
+[66] 1815.
+
+      Like those eight Sons--embosoming
+      Determined thoughts--who, in a ring                1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[67] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[68]  In youthful beauty flourishing,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 and 1820.
+
+[69] 1837.
+
+      --With feet that firmly pressed the ground
+      They stood, and girt their Father round;
+      Such was his choice,--no Steed will he             1815.
+
+[70] 1845.
+
+      He stood upon the verdant sod,                     1815.
+
+      ... grassy sod,                                    1820.
+
+[71] 1837.
+
+      ... higher ...                                     1815.
+
+[72] 1827.
+
+      Rich ...                                           1815.
+
+[73] 1837.
+
+      ... --many see, ...                                1815.
+
+[74] 1837.
+
+      ... these ...                                      1815.
+
+[75] 1837.
+
+      ... on ...                                         1815.
+
+[76] 1837.
+
+      He takes this day ...                              1815.
+
+[77] 1837.
+
+      Stretched out upon the ground he lies,--
+      As if it were his only task
+      Like Herdsman in the sun to bask,                  1815.
+
+[78] 1820.
+
+      That he ...                                        1815.
+
+[79] 1837.
+
+      And Neville was opprest with fear;
+      For, though he bore a valiant name,
+      His heart was of a timid frame,                    1815.
+
+[80] 1837.
+
+      And therefore will retreat to seize                1815.
+
+[81] 1837.
+
+      ... comes; ...                                     1815.
+
+[82] 1837.
+
+      ... giving ...                                     1815.
+
+[83] 1837.
+
+      --How often hath the strength of heaven            1815.
+
+[84] 1837.
+
+               ... on the sacred wain,
+      On which the grey-haired Barons stood,
+      And the infant Heir of Mowbray's blood.
+      Beneath the saintly Ensigns three,
+      Their confidence and victory!                      1815.
+
+      Stood confident of victory!                        1820.
+
+[85] 1837.
+
+      When, as the Vision gave command,
+      The Prior of Durham with holy hand
+      Saint Cuthbert's Relic did uprear
+      Upon the point of a lofty spear,
+      And God descended in his power,
+      While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower.          1815.
+
+[86] 1837.
+
+                             ... and uphold."--
+      --The Chiefs were by his zeal confounded,          1815.
+
+[87] 1837.
+
+      ... raised so joyfully,                            1815.
+
+[88] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[89] 1837.
+
+      ... frail ...                                      1815.
+
+[90] 1827.
+
+      --So speaking, he upraised his head
+      Towards that Imagery once more;                    1815.
+
+[91] 1827.
+
+      Blank fear, ...                                    1815.
+
+[92] 1837.
+
+      She did in passiveness obey,                       1815.
+
+[93] 1837.
+
+      Her Brother was it who assailed
+      Her tender spirit and prevailed.
+      Her other Parent, too, whose head                  1815.
+
+[94] 1837.
+
+      From reason's earliest dawn beguiled
+      The docile, unsuspecting Child:                    1815.
+
+[95] 1837.
+
+                         ... music sweet
+      Was played to chear them in retreat;
+      But Norton lingered in the rear:
+      Thought followed thought--and ere the last
+      Of that unhappy train was past,
+      Before him Francis did appear.                     1815.
+
+[96] 1837.
+
+        "Now when 'tis not your aim to oppose,"
+      Said he, "in open field your Foes;
+      Now that from this decisive day
+      Your multitude must melt away,
+      An unarmed Man may come unblamed;
+      To ask a grace, that was not claimed
+      Long as your hopes were high, he now
+      May hither bring a fearless brow;
+      When his discountenance can do
+      No injury,--may come to you.
+      Though in your cause no part I bear,
+      Your indignation I can share;
+      Am grieved this backward march to see,
+      How careless and disorderly!
+      I scorn your Chieftains, Men who lead,
+      And yet want courage at their need;
+      Then look at them with open eyes!
+      Deserve they further sacrifice?
+      My Father!..."                                     1815.
+
+[97] 1837.
+
+       ... remains ...                                   1815.
+
+[98] 1837.
+
+      At length, the issue of this prayer?
+      Or how, from his depression raised,
+      The Father on his Son had gazed;                   1815.
+
+[99] 1845.
+
+      Suffice it that the Son gave way,
+      Nor strove that passion to allay,                  1815.
+
+[100] 1837.
+
+      The like endeavours                                1815.
+
+[101] 1837.
+
+      From cloudless ether looking down,
+      The Moon, this tranquil evening, sees              1815.
+
+[102] 1837.
+
+                         ... with moors between,
+      Hill-tops, and floods, and forests green,          1815.
+
+[103] 1827.
+
+      The silver smoke, and mounts in wreaths.           1815.
+
+[104] 1827.
+
+      Had ...                                            1815.
+
+[105] 1837.
+
+      The same fair Creature which was nigh
+      Feeding in tranquillity,
+      When Francis uttered to the Maid                   1815.
+
+      ... who was nigh                                   1820.
+
+[106] Lines 40-43 were added in 1837.
+
+[107] 1836.
+
+        But where at this still hour is she,
+      The consecrated Emily?
+      Even while I speak, behold the Maid
+      Emerging from the cedar shade                      1815.
+
+[108] In the editions of 1815 to 1832, the paragraph ends with
+this line. The remaining nine lines in these editions are added to the
+following paragraph.
+
+[109] 1837.
+
+        Yet the meek Creature was not free,
+      Erewhile, from some perplexity:
+      For thrice hath she approached, this day,
+      The thought-bewildered Emily;
+      Endeavouring, in her gentle way,
+      Some smile or look of love to gain,--
+      Encouragement to sport or play;
+      Attempts which by the unhappy Maid
+      Have all been slighted or gainsaid.                1815.
+
+[110] 1837.
+
+      --O welcome to the viewless breeze!
+      'Tis fraught with acceptable feeling,
+      And instantaneous sympathies
+      Into the Sufferer's bosom stealing;--
+      Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed               1815.
+
+      Yet is she soothed: the viewless breeze
+      Comes fraught with kindlier sympathies:
+      Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed               1827.
+
+      Ere she had reached ...                            1832.
+
+[111] 1837.
+
+      Revives ...                                        1815.
+
+[112] 1837.
+
+      ... --'tis that bless'd Saint                      1815.
+
+[113] 1837.
+
+      Thou Spirit ...                                    1815.
+
+[114] 1837.
+
+      Descend on Francis:--through the air
+      Of this sad earth to him repair,
+      Speak to him with a voice, and say,
+      "That he must cast despair away!"                  1815.
+
+[115] _Italics_ and capitals were first used in the edition of 1820.
+
+[116] 1837.
+
+      --She knows, she feels it, and is cheared;
+      At least her present pangs are checked.            1815.
+
+[117] 1837.
+
+      --And now an ancient Man appeared,
+      Approaching her with grave respect.
+      Down the smooth walk which then she trod
+      He paced along the silent sod,
+      And greeting her thus gently spake,                1815.
+
+      --But now ...                                      1827.
+
+[118] 1837.
+
+      In friendship;--go--from him--from me--
+      Strive to avert this misery.                       1815.
+
+[119] 1837.
+
+      --If prudence offer help or aid,
+      On _you_ is no restriction laid;                   1815.
+
+[120] 1837.
+
+        "Hope," said the Sufferer's zealous Friend,
+      "Must not forsake us till the end.--               1815.
+
+[121] 1837.
+
+      ... may have the skill ...                         1815.
+
+[122] 1837.
+
+      Their flight the fair Moon may not see;
+      For, from mid-heaven, already she                  1815.
+
+[123] 1837.
+
+      ... haughty ...                                    1815.
+
+[124] _Italics_ were first used in 1837.
+
+[125] 1837.
+
+      ... to the cause.                                  1815.
+
+[126] 1837.
+
+      They shout aloud--but Heaven decreed
+                 Another close
+                 To that brave deed
+      Which struck ...                                   1815.
+
+[127] 1820.
+
+      ... spreads ...                                    1815.
+
+[128] 1820.
+
+      ... and as seldom free                             1815.
+
+[129] 1820.
+
+      And from the heat of the noon-tide sun,            1815.
+
+[130] 1837.
+
+      They to the Watch-tower did repair,
+      Commodious Pleasure-house! and there               1815.
+
+[131] 1837.
+
+      He was the proudest ...                            1815.
+
+[132]
+
+      Dead are they, they were doomed to die;
+      The Sons and Father all are dead,
+      All dead save One; and Emily
+      No more shall seek this Watch-tower high,
+      To look far forth with anxious eye,--
+      She is relieved from hope and dread,
+      Though suffering in extremity.
+
+    Inserted only in the edition of 1815.
+
+[133] _Italics_ were first used in 1820.
+
+[134] 1837. In the editions of 1815-32 the following passage took the
+place of this line:--
+
+        She turned to him, who with his eye
+      Was watching her while on the height
+      She sate, or wandered restlessly,
+      O'erburdened by her sorrow's weight;
+      To him who this dire news had told,
+      And now beside the Mourner stood;
+
+[135] 1837.
+
+      Then on this place the Maid had sought:
+      And told, as gently as could be,
+      The end of that sad Tragedy,                       1815.
+
+[136] These two lines were added in 1827.
+
+[137] 1827.
+
+      ... the people cried,                              1815.
+
+[138] 1837.
+
+      For sake of ...                                    1815.
+
+[139] 1837.
+
+      He rose not in this quarrel, he
+      His Father and his Brothers wooed,
+      Both for their own and Country's good,
+      To rest in peace--he did divide,                   1815.
+
+[140] 1820.
+
+      To scatter gleams ...                              1815.
+
+[141] 1837.
+
+               ... of ancient love,
+      But most, compassion for your fate,
+      Lady! for your forlorn estate,
+      Me did these move, and I made bold,
+      And entrance gained to that strong-hold.           1815.
+
+               ... of ancient love;
+      And, in your service, I made bold--
+      And entrance gained to that strong-hold.           1820.
+
+[142] 1837.
+
+              ... 'We need not stop, my Son!
+      But I will end what is begun;
+      'Tis matter which I do not fear
+      To entrust to any living ear.'                     1815.
+
+[143] 1820.
+
+      Had seen ...                                       1815.
+
+[144] 1837.
+
+      Glad ...                                           1815.
+
+[145] 1837.
+
+      ... be not ...                                     1815.
+
+[146] 1837.
+
+      ... beauteous ...                                  1815.
+
+[147] 1837.
+
+        Then Francis answered fervently,
+      "If God so will, the same shall be."               1815.
+
+[148] 1837.
+
+      Immediately, this solemn word                      1815.
+
+[149] 1837.
+
+                      ... had reached the door,
+      The Banner which a Soldier bore,
+      One marshalled thus with base intent
+      That he in scorn might go before,
+      And, holding up this monument,                     1815.
+
+[150] 1837.
+
+      ... that were round                                1815.
+
+[151] 1837.
+
+      This insult, and the Banner saved,
+      That moment, from among the tide                   1815.
+
+[152] 1837.
+
+      Bore unobserved ...                                1815.
+
+[153] 1820.
+
+      ... to encourage ...                               1815.
+
+[154] 1837.
+
+      "Yet, yet in this affliction," said
+      The old Man to the silent Maid,
+      "Yet, Lady! heaven is good--the night
+      Shews yet a Star which is most bright;             1815.
+
+[155] 1837.
+
+      Why comes not Francis?--Joyful chear
+      In that parental gratulation,
+      And glow of righteous indignation,
+      Went with him from the doleful City:--
+      He fled--yet in his flight could hear
+      The death-sound of the Minster-bell;               1815.
+
+[156] 1837.
+
+      With motion fleet as winged Dove;                  1815.
+
+      ... as a wingèd Dove;                              1832.
+
+[157] 1837.
+
+      An Angel-guest, should he appear.                  1815.
+
+[158] 1837.
+
+      Along the plain of York he passed;
+      The Banner-staff was in his hand,
+      The Imagery concealed from sight,
+      And cross the expanse, in open flight,
+      Reckless of what impels or leads,
+      Unchecked he hurries on;--nor heeds
+      The sorrow of the Villages;
+      From the triumphant cruelties                      1815.
+
+      Spread by triumphant cruelties                     1827.
+
+      The sorrow through the Villages,                   1832.
+
+[159] 1827.
+
+      And punishment without remorse,
+      Unchecked he journies--under law
+      Of inward occupation strong;
+      And the first ...                                  1815.
+
+[160] 1837.
+
+                     ... did he maintain
+      Within himself, and found no rest;
+      Calm liberty he could not gain;
+      And yet the service was unblest.                   1815.
+
+[161] 1820.
+
+      Raised self-suspicion which was strong,
+      Swaying the brave Man to his wrong:                1815.
+
+[162] 1837.
+
+      Of all-disposing Providence,
+      Its will intelligibly shewn,
+      Finds he the Banner in his hand,
+      Without a thought to such intent,
+      Or conscious effort of his own?
+      And no obstruction to prevent
+      His Father's wish and last command!
+      And, thus beset, he heaved a sigh;
+      Remembering his own prophecy
+      Of utter desolation, made
+      To Emily in the yew-tree shade:
+      He sighed, submitting to the power,
+      The might of that prophetic hour.                  1815.
+
+[163] 1837.
+
+           ... and, on the second day,
+      He reached a summit whence his eyes                1815.
+
+[164] 1837.
+
+      How Francis had the Banner claimed,
+      And with that charge had disappeared;              1815.
+
+[165] 1837.
+
+      Behold the Ensign in his hand!                     1815.
+
+[166] 1837.
+
+                      ... freight I bear;
+      It weakens me, my heart hath bled
+      Till it is weak--but you beware,
+      Nor do ...                                         1815.
+
+[167] 1837.
+
+      Which ...                                          1815.
+
+[168] 1820.
+
+      ... with a Warrior's brow                          1815.
+
+[169] 1845.
+
+                       ... had snatched
+      A spear,--and with his eyes he watched
+      Their motions, turning round and round:--
+      His weaker hand the Banner held;
+      And straight by savage zeal impelled
+      Forth rushed a Pikeman, as if he,
+      Not without harsh indignity,
+      Would seize the same:--instinctively--
+      To smite the Offender--with his lance
+      Did Francis from the brake advance;
+      But, from behind, a treacherous wound
+      Unfeeling, brought him to the ground,
+      A mortal stroke:--oh, grief to tell!
+      Thus, thus, the noble Francis fell:
+      There did he lie of breath forsaken;
+      The Banner from his grasp was taken,
+      And borne exultingly away;
+      And the Body was left on the ground where it lay.  1815.
+
+      But not before the warm life-blood
+      Had tinged with searching overflow,
+      More deeply tinged the embroidered show
+      Of His whose side was pierced upon the Rood!       1837.
+
+    The text of 1837 is otherwise identical with the final version of
+    1845.
+
+[170] These two lines were added in 1837.
+
+[171] 1837.
+
+        Two days, as many nights, he slept
+      Alone, unnoticed, and unwept;
+      For at that time distress and fear
+      Possessed the Country far and near;
+      The third day, One, who chanced to pass,
+      Beheld him stretched upon the grass.
+      A gentle Forester was he,
+      And of the Norton Tenantry;
+      And he had heard that by a Train
+      Of Horsemen Francis had been slain.
+      Much was he troubled--for the Man
+      Hath recognized his pallid face;
+      And to the nearest Huts he ran,
+      And called the People to the place.
+      --How desolate is Rylstone-hall!
+      Such was the instant thought of all;
+      And if the lonely Lady there
+      Should be, this sight she cannot bear!
+      Such thought the Forester express'd,
+      And all were swayed, and deemed it best
+      That, if the Priest should yield assent
+      And join himself to their intent,                  1815.
+
+[172] 1837.
+
+      That straightway ...                               1815.
+
+[173] 1840.
+
+                      ... on a bier
+      In decency and humble chear;
+      And psalms are sung with holy sound.               1815.
+
+      And psalms they sung--a holy sound
+      That hill and vale with sadness hear.              1837.
+
+[174] 1827.
+
+      Tow'rds ...                                        1815.
+
+[175] 1820.
+
+      ... deep ...                                       1815.
+
+[176] 1820.
+
+      ... calm ...                                       1815.
+
+[177] 1845.
+
+      The walks and pools neglect hath sown              1815.
+
+[178] 1837.
+
+      There is ...                                       1815.
+
+[179]
+
+      There seated, may this Maid be seen,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815-1832.
+
+[180] 1827.
+
+      ... has ...                                        1815.
+
+[181] 1837.
+
+      For, of that band of rushing Deer,                 1815.
+
+[182] 1837.
+
+      ... its ...                                        1815.
+
+      ... his ...                                        1832.
+
+[183] 1837.
+
+                       ... and more near,
+      Stopped once again;--but, as no trace
+      Was found of any thing to fear,
+      Even to her feet the Creature came,                1815.
+
+[184] 1837.
+
+      ... choicest ...                                   1815.
+
+[185] 1837.
+
+      For both a bounteous, fruitful meeting.            1815.
+
+[186] 1837.
+
+      And take this gift of Heaven with grace?           1815.
+
+[187] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[188] 1837.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1815.
+
+[189] 1837.
+
+      ... was there ...                                  1815.
+
+[190] 1837.
+
+      Did she behold--saw once again;                    1815.
+
+[191] 1837.
+
+      So doth the Sufferer deem it good
+      Even once again this neighbourhood                 1815.
+
+[192] 1827.
+
+      ... writhed                                        1815.
+
+[193] 1837.
+
+      ... kindly ...                                     1815.
+
+[194] 1827.
+
+      ... as the whitest ...                             1815.
+
+[195] 1815.
+
+      ... through an ...                                 1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[196] 1837.
+
+      Did now a very gladness yield
+      At morning to the dewy field,
+      While they side by side were straying,
+      And the Shepherd's pipe was playing;               1815.
+
+[197] 1837.
+
+      ... wandering ...                                  1815.
+
+[198] 1845.
+
+      Mild, delicious melancholy:                        1815.
+
+[199] 1837.
+
+      Up doth she climb to Norton Tower,
+      And thence looks round her far and wide.
+      Her fate there measures,--all is stilled,--
+      The feeble hath subdued her heart;                 1815.
+
+[200] 1837.
+
+      This single Creature ...                           1815.
+
+[201] 1837.
+
+      So beautiful the spotless Thrall,
+      (A lovely Youngling white as foam,)
+      That it was brought to Rylstone-hall;
+      Her youngest Brother led it home,
+      The youngest, then a lusty Boy,
+      Brought home the prize--and with what joy!         1815.
+
+[202] 1827.
+
+      Nor did she fear in the still moonshine            1815.
+
+      ... in still moonshine                             1820.
+
+[203] 1837.
+
+      For that she came; there oft and long
+      She sate in meditation strong:                     1815.
+
+[204] 1820.
+
+      ... her ...                                        1815.
+
+[205] 1837.
+
+      That ...                                           1815.
+
+[206] 1837.
+
+      ... we frame, ...                                  1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is the final form of the "Advertisement" to _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_. The variations from it, which occur in earlier editions, from
+1815 onwards, need not be noted. The poem was placed in the 1820 edition
+in volume iii., in 1827 in volume iv., in 1832 in volume iii., and in
+1836-37 and afterwards in volume iv. of the Collected Works.--ED.
+
+[B] _I.e._, in the small bower in the orchard of Dove Cottage,
+Grasmere.--ED.
+
+[C] Compare _The Faërie Queene_, book I. canto i. stanza iv. l. 9--
+
+      And by her, in a line, a milkewhite lambe she lad.   ED.
+
+[D] See _The Faërie Queene_, book I. canto viii. stanza xliv. l. 9--
+
+      That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men.   ED.
+
+[E] The above extract, which, in 1837 and subsequent editions, follows
+the Dedication of the poem to Mrs. Wordsworth, is taken from the tragedy
+of _The Borderers_, act III. line 405 (vol. i. p. 187). In the prefatory
+note to _The Borderers_--published in 1842--Wordsworth says he would not
+have made use of these lines in _The White Doe of Rylstone_ if he could
+have foreseen the time when he would be induced to publish the tragedy.
+It is signed M. S. in the 1837-43 editions.
+
+In a note to the edition of 1837, he says, "'Action is transitory,' etc.
+This and the five lines that follow were either read or recited by me,
+more than thirty years since, to the late Mr. Hazlitt, who quoted some
+expressions in them (imperfectly remembered) in a work of his published
+several years ago."
+
+In the quarto edition of 1815 the following lines precede the extract
+from Lord Bacon; and in the edition of 1820 they follow it. In 1827 they
+were transferred to the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."
+
+      _"Weak is the will of Man, his judgement blind;
+      Remembrance persecutes, and Hope betrays;
+      Heavy is woe;--and joy, for human kind,
+      A mournful thing, so transient is the blaze!"--
+      Thus might he paint our lot of mortal days
+      Who wants the glorious faculty, assigned
+      To elevate the more-than-reasoning Mind,
+      And colour life's dark cloud with orient rays.
+      Imagination is that sacred power,
+      Imagination lofty and refined:
+      'Tis her's to pluck the amaranthine Flower
+      Of Faith, and round the Sufferer's temples bind
+      Wreaths that endure affliction's heaviest shower,
+      And do not shrink from sorrow's keenest wind._       ED.
+
+[F] See his _Essays_, XVI., "Of Atheism." Wordsworth's quotation is not
+quite accurate.--ED.
+
+[G] It is to be regretted that at the present day Bolton Abbey wants
+this ornament: but the Poem, according to the imagination of the Poet,
+is composed in Queen Elizabeth's time. "Formerly," says Dr. Whitaker,
+"over the Transept was a tower. This is proved not only from the mention
+of bells at the Dissolution, when they could have had no other place,
+but from the pointed roof of the choir, which must have terminated
+westward, in some building of superior height to the ridge."--W. W.
+1815.
+
+[H] See note I. at the end of the poem, p. 196.--ED.
+
+[I] See note I. at the end of the poem, p. 196.--ED.
+
+[J] The Nave of the Church having been reserved at the Dissolution, for
+the use of the Saxon Cure, is still a parochial Chapel; and, at this
+day, is as well kept as the neatest English Cathedral.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[K] "At a small distance from the great gateway stood the Prior's Oak,
+which was felled about the year 1720, and sold for 70_l._ According to
+the price of wood at that time, it could scarcely have contained less
+than 1400 feet of timber."--W. W. 1815.
+
+This note is quoted from Whitaker.--ED.
+
+The place where this Oak tree grew is uncertain. Whitaker says it stood
+"at a small distance from the great gateway." This old entrance or
+gateway to the Abbey was through a part of the modern and now inhabited
+structure of Bolton Hall, under the Tower; and the old sexton at the
+Abbey told me that the tree stood near that gateway, at some distance
+from the ruins of the Abbey.--ED.
+
+[L] Of Wharfedale at Bolton, Henry Crabb Robinson says, in his _Diary_
+(September 1818), "This valley has been very little adorned, and it
+needs no other accident to grace it than sunshine."--ED.
+
+[M] Compare the lines in the sonnet _At Furness Abbey_ (composed in
+1844)--
+
+      A soothing spirit follows in the way
+      That Nature takes, her counter-work pursuing.        ED.
+
+[N] Roses still grow plentifully among the ruins, although they are not
+abundant in the district.--ED.
+
+[O] This is not topographical. No "warrior carved in stone" is now to be
+seen among the ruins of Bolton Abbey, whatever may have been the case in
+1807; nor can Francis Norton's grave be discovered in the Abbey
+grounds.--ED.
+
+[P] The detail of this tradition may be found in Dr. Whitaker's book,
+and in the Poem, _The Force of Prayer_, etc. [p. 204].--W. W. 1815.
+
+[Q] Compare _The Boy of Egremond_, by Samuel Rogers.--ED.
+
+[R] "At the East end of the North aisle of Bolton Priory Church is a
+chantry belonging to Bethmesly Hall, and a vault, where, according to
+tradition, the Claphams" (who inherited this estate, by the female line
+from the Mauliverers) "were interred upright." John de Clapham, of whom
+this ferocious act is recorded, was a name of great note in his time;
+"he was a vehement partisan of the House of Lancaster, in whom the
+spirit of his chieftains, the Cliffords, seemed to survive."--W. W.
+1815.
+
+This quotation is from Dr. Whitaker's _History of the Deanery of
+Craven_.--ED.
+
+[S] In 1868, when this chapel was under restoration, a vault was
+discovered at the eastern end of the north aisle, with evident signs of
+several bodies having been buried upright. On the site of this vault the
+organ is now placed. The chapel was restored by the late Duke of
+Devonshire.--ED.
+
+[T] In the second volume of Poems published by the author, will be found
+one, entitled, _Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle, upon the
+Restoration of Lord Clifford, the Shepherd, to the Estates and Honours
+of his Ancestors_. To that Poem is annexed an account of this personage
+[p. 89], chiefly extracted from Burn's and Nicholson's History of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland. It gives me pleasure to add these further
+particulars concerning him from Dr. Whitaker, who says, "he retired to
+the solitude of Barden, where he seems to have enlarged the tower out of
+a common keeper's lodge, and where he found a retreat equally favourable
+to taste, to instruction, and to devotion. The narrow limits of his
+residence shew that he had learned to despise the pomp of greatness, and
+that a small train of servants could suffice him, who had lived to the
+age of thirty a servant himself. I think this nobleman resided here
+almost entirely when in Yorkshire, for all his charters which I have
+seen are dated at Barden.
+
+"His early habits, and the want of those artificial measures of time
+which even shepherds now possess, had given him a turn for observing the
+motions of the heavenly bodies, and, having purchased such an apparatus
+as could then be procured, he amused and informed himself by those
+pursuits, with the aid of the Canons of Bolton, some of whom are said to
+have been well versed in what was then known of the science.
+
+"I suspect this nobleman to have been sometimes occupied in a more
+visionary pursuit, and probably in the same company.
+
+"For, from the family evidences, I have met with two MSS. on the subject
+of Alchemy, which, from the character, spelling, etc., may almost
+certainly be referred to the reign of Henry the Seventh. If these were
+originally deposited with the MSS. of the Cliffords, it might have been
+for the use of this nobleman. If they were brought from Bolton at the
+Dissolution, they must have been the work of those Canons whom he almost
+exclusively conversed with.
+
+"In these peaceful employments Lord Clifford spent the whole reign of
+Henry the Seventh, and the first years of his son. But in the year 1513,
+when almost sixty years old, he was appointed to a principal command
+over the army which fought at Flodden, and shewed that the military
+genius of the family had neither been chilled in him by age, nor
+extinguished by habits of peace.
+
+"He survived the battle of Flodden ten years, and died April 23d, 1523,
+aged about 70. I shall endeavour to appropriate to him a tomb, vault,
+and chantry, in the choir of the church of Bolton, as I should be sorry
+to believe that he was deposited when dead at a distance from the place
+which in his life-time he loved so well.
+
+"By his last will he appointed his body to be interred at Shap if he
+died in Westmoreland; or at Bolton if he died in Yorkshire."
+
+With respect to the Canons of Bolton, Dr. Whitaker shews from MSS. that
+not only alchemy but astronomy was a favourite pursuit with them.--W. W.
+1815.
+
+[U] Barden Tower is on the western bank of the Wharfe, fully two miles
+north-west of Bolton Priory, above the Strid. At the time of the
+restoration of the Shepherd-lord, Barden Tower was only a keeper's
+forest lodge. It is so hidden in trees, and so retired, that the
+situation is most accurately described as
+
+                          the shy recess
+      Of Barden's lowly quietness.                         ED.
+
+[V] The year 1569.--ED.
+
+[W] Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Neville, Earl of Westmoreland--the
+two peers who joined in support of the Duke of Norfolk's marriage with
+Queen Mary, with a view to the restoration of Catholicism in England.
+See note III. p. 198.--ED.
+
+[X] Compare _Twelfth Night_, act I. scene i. l. 4--
+
+      That strain again! it had a dying fall.              ED.
+
+[Y] See the Old Ballad,--_The Rising of the North_.--W. W. 1827.
+
+This Ballad is printed in Wordsworth's note, p. 186. The reference here
+is to the lines--
+
+      But, father, I will wend with you,
+        Unarm'd and naked will I bee.                      ED.
+
+[Z] The site of Rylstone Hall is still recognisable, but the building is
+gone. It was not at Rylstone, but at Ripon, that the Nortons raised
+their banner in November 1569; but their tenantry at Rylstone rose with
+them at the same time.--ED.
+
+[AA] Brancepeth Castle stands near the river Were, a few miles from the
+city of Durham. It formerly belonged to the Nevilles, Earls of
+Westmoreland. See Dr. Percy's account.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[BB] The tower of the Cathedral of Durham, of which St. Cuthbert is the
+patron saint.--ED.
+
+[CC] Now Raby Castle, a seat of the Duke of Cleveland in the county of
+Durham.--ED.
+
+[DD] From the old Ballad.--W. W. 1820.
+
+The lines are--
+
+      At Wetherbye they mustered their host,
+        Thirteen thousand fair to see.                     ED.
+
+[EE] The village of Clifford is three miles from Wetherby, where the
+host was mustered.--ED.
+
+[FF] From the old Ballad.--W. W. 1820.
+
+The line referred to is--
+
+      Against soe many could not stay.                     ED.
+
+[GG] See note V. p. 200.--ED.
+
+[HH] See the Historians for the account of this memorable battle,
+usually denominated the Battle of the Standard.--W. W. 1815.
+
+It was fought at Northallerton in 1137, under Archbishop Thurston of
+York. See note VI. p. 200.--ED.
+
+[II] "In the night before the battle of Durham was strucken and begun,
+the 17th day of October, _anno_ 1346, there did appear to John Fosser,
+then Prior of the abbey of Durham, a Vision, commanding him to take the
+holy Corporax-cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert did cover the chalice when
+he used to say mass, and to put the same holy relique like to a
+banner-cloth upon the point of a spear, and the next morning to go and
+repair to a place on the west side of the city of Durham, called the Red
+Hills, where the Maid's Bower wont to be, and there to remain and abide
+till the end of the battle. To which vision, the Prior obeying, and
+taking the same for a revelation of God's grace and mercy by the
+mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, did accordingly the next morning, with
+the monks of the said abbey, repair to the said Red Hills, and there
+most devoutly humbling and prostrating themselves in prayer for the
+victory in the said battle: (a great multitude of the Scots running and
+pressing by them, with intention to have spoiled them, yet had no power
+to commit any violence under such holy persons, so occupied in prayer,
+being protected and defended by the mighty Providence of Almighty God,
+and by the mediation of Holy St. Cuthbert, and the presence of the holy
+relique). And, after many conflicts and warlike exploits there had and
+done between the English men and the King of Scots and his company, the
+said battle ended, and the victory was obtained, to the great overthrow
+and confusion of the Scots, their enemies: And then the said Prior and
+monks, accompanied with Ralph Lord Nevil, and John Nevil his son, and
+the Lord Percy, and many other nobles of England, returned home and went
+to the abbey church, there joining in hearty prayer and thanksgiving to
+God and holy St. Cuthbert for the victory atchieved that day."
+
+This battle was afterwards called the Battle of Neville's Cross from the
+following circumstance:--
+
+"On the west side of the city of Durham, where two roads pass each
+other, a most notable, famous, and goodly cross of stone-work was
+erected, and set up to the honour of God for the victory there obtained
+in the field of battle, and known by the name of Nevil's Cross, and
+built at the sole cost of the Lord Ralph Nevil, one of the most
+excellent and chief persons in the said battle." The Relique of St.
+Cuthbert afterwards became of great importance in military events. For
+soon after this battle, says the same author, "The prior caused a goodly
+and sumptuous banner to be made, (which is then described at great
+length,) and in the midst of the same banner-cloth was the said holy
+relique and corporax-cloth enclosed, etc. etc., and so sumptuously
+finished, and absolutely perfected, this banner was dedicated to holy
+St. Cuthbert, of intent and purpose, that for the future it should be
+carried to any battle, as occasion should serve; and was never carried
+and shewed at any battle but by the especial grace of God Almighty, and
+the mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, it brought home victory; which
+banner-cloth, after the dissolution of the abbey, fell into the
+possession of Dean WHITTINGHAM, whose wife was called KATHARINE, being a
+French woman, (as is most credibly reported by eye-witnesses,) did most
+injuriously burn the same in her fire, to the open contempt and disgrace
+of all ancient and goodly reliques."--Extracted from a book entitled,
+_Durham Cathedral, as it stood before the Dissolution of the Monastery_.
+It appears, from the old metrical History, that the above-mentioned
+banner was carried by the Earl of Surrey to Flodden Field.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[JJ] Compare _An Evening Walk_, ll. 365, 366 (vol. i. p. 31)--
+
+        The song of mountain-streams, unheard by day,
+      Now hardly heard, beguiles my homeward way.
+
+Also _The Excursion_ (book iv. ll. 1173, 1174)--
+
+      The little rills, and waters numberless,
+      Inaudible by daylight.
+
+And Wordsworth's sonnet beginning--
+
+      The unremitting voice of nightly streams
+      That wastes so oft, we think, its tuneful powers.
+
+Compare also in Gray's _Tour in the Lakes_, "At distance, heard the
+murmur of many waterfalls, not audible in the daytime."--ED.
+
+[KK] Compare Milton's Sonnet on his Blindness, l. 14--
+
+      They also serve who only stand and wait.             ED.
+
+[LL] In the limestone ridges and hills of the Craven district of
+Yorkshire there are many caverns and underground recesses, such as the
+Yordas cave referred to in _The Prelude_ (vol. iii. p. 289).--ED.
+
+[MM] The Towers of Barnard Castle on the Tees in Yorkshire.--ED.
+
+[NN] It is so called to this day, and is thus described by Dr. Whitaker.
+"Rylstone Fell yet exhibits a monument of the old warfare between the
+Nortons and Cliffords. On a point of very high ground, commanding an
+immense prospect, and protected by two deep ravines, are the remains of
+a square tower, expressly said by Dodsworth to have been built by
+Richard Norton. The walls are of strong grout-work, about four feet
+thick. It seems to have been three stories high. Breaches have been
+industriously made in all the sides, almost to the ground, to render it
+untenable.
+
+"But Norton Tower was probably a sort of pleasure-house in summer, as
+there are, adjoining to it, several large mounds, (two of them are
+pretty entire,) of which no other account can be given than that they
+were butts for large companies of archers.
+
+"The place is savagely wild, and admirably adapted to the uses of a
+watch-tower."--W. W. 1815. (See note VII. p. 201.)--ED.
+
+The remains of Norton Tower are not in the highest point of the Rylstone
+Fells, but on one of the western ridges: and there are now only four
+bare roofless rectangular walls. It was originally both a watch-tower
+and a hunting-tower. Looking towards Malham to the north and north-west,
+the view is exactly as described in the poem.--ED.
+
+[OO] This extract was first prefixed to canto seventh in the edition of
+1837.--ED.
+
+[PP] "After the attainder of Richard Norton, his estates were forfeited
+to the crown, where they remained till the 2d or 3d of James; they were
+then granted to Francis Earl of Cumberland." From an accurate survey
+made at that time, several particulars have been extracted by Dr. W. It
+appears that the mansion-house was then in decay. "Immediately adjoining
+is a close, called the Vivery, so called undoubtedly from the French
+Vivier, or modern Latin Viverium; for there are near the house large
+remains of a pleasure-ground, such as were introduced in the earlier
+part of Elizabeth's time, with topiary works, fish-ponds, an island,
+etc. The whole township was ranged by an hundred and thirty red deer,
+the property of the Lord, which, together with the wood, had, after the
+attainder of Mr. Norton, been committed to Sir Stephen Tempest. The
+wood, it seems, had been abandoned to depredations, before which time it
+appears that the neighbourhood must have exhibited a forest-like and
+sylvan scene. In this survey, among the old tenants, is mentioned one
+Richard Kitchen, butler to Mr. Norton, who rose in rebellion with his
+master, and was executed at Ripon."--W. W. 1815.
+
+[QQ] There are two small streams which rise near Rylstone. One, called
+Rylstone beck, flows westwards into the Aire. Another makes its way
+eastwards towards the Wharfe, joins Linton beck, and so enters Wharfe
+between Linton Church and Grassington Bridge. It is to the latter that
+Wordsworth refers, although the former is now called Rylstone beck.--ED.
+
+[RR] "At the extremity of the parish of Burnsal, the valley of Wharf
+forks off into two great branches, one of which retains the name of
+Wharfdale to the source of the river; the other is usually called
+Littondale, but more anciently and properly Amerdale. Dern-brook, which
+runs along an obscure valley from the N. W., is derived from a Teutonic
+word, signifying concealment."--Dr. WHITAKER.--W. W. 1815.
+
+The valley of Littondale, as is shown in Wordsworth's note, once bore
+the name of Amerdale. Though the name is not now given to the beck, it
+survives, singularly enough, in one pool in the stream, where it joins
+the Wharfe, which is still called "Amerdale Dub."--ED.
+
+[SS] From this valley of Litton a small lateral one runs up in a
+south-westerly direction at Arncliffe, making a "deep fork," and is
+called Dernbrook. Dern means seclusion, and two or three miles up this
+ghyll is a farm-house bearing the name of Dernbrook House. "The phrase
+'By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side' is so appropriate," says the late
+incumbent of Arncliffe, the Ven. Archdeacon Boyd, in a letter to the
+editor, "that it would almost seem that Wordsworth had been there." Mr.
+Boyd adds, "In the illustrated edition of _The White Doe_, published by
+Longmans a few years ago, there is an illustration by Birket Foster of
+the Dernbrook House, the original of which I had the honour to supply.
+It is but a short distance--two or three miles--from Malham Tarn."--ED.
+
+[TT] On one of the bells of Rylstone church, which seems co-eval with
+the building of the tower, is this cypher, =J. N.= for John Norton, and
+the motto, "=God us ayde.="--W. W. 1815.
+
+"A ring, bearing the same motto, was sold at a sale of antiquities from
+Bramhope Manor, Feb. 1865. The Norton Shield of Arms is in Rylstone
+Church." (See Murray's _Yorkshire_.)--ED.
+
+[UU] Which is thus described by Dr. Whitaker:--"On the plain summit of
+the hill are the foundations of a strong wall, stretching from the S. W.
+to the N. E. corner of the tower, and to the edge of a very deep glen.
+From this glen, a ditch, several hundred yards long, runs south to
+another deep and rugged ravine. On the N. and W. where the banks are
+very steep, no wall or mound is discoverable, paling being the only
+fence that would stand on such ground.
+
+"From the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, it appears that such pounds
+for deer, sheep, etc., were far from being uncommon in the south of
+Scotland. The principle of them was something like that of a wire
+mouse-trap. On the declivity of a steep hill, the bottom and sides of
+which were fenced so as to be impassable, a wall was constructed nearly
+level with the surface on the outside, yet so high within that without
+wings it was impossible to escape in the opposite direction. Care was
+probably taken that these enclosures should contain better feed than the
+neighbouring parks or forests; and whoever is acquainted with the habits
+of these sequacious animals, will easily conceive, that if the leader
+was once tempted to descend into the snare, an herd would follow."
+
+I cannot conclude without recommending to the notice of all lovers of
+beautiful scenery--Bolton Abbey and its neighbourhood. This enchanting
+spot belongs to the Duke of Devonshire; and the superintendance of it
+has for some years been entrusted to the Rev. William Carr, who has most
+skilfully opened out its features; and in whatever he has added, has
+done justice to the place by working with an invisible hand of art in
+the very spirit of nature.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[VV] The late Archdeacon of Craven wrote to me of this, "There never can
+have been a Lady Chapel in the usual place at Bolton, for the altar was
+close to the east window. I never heard of a Saint Mary's _shrine_; but,
+most probably, the church was dedicated to St. Mary, in which case she"
+(the Lady Emily) "would be speaking of the building. In proof of this,
+the Priory of Embsay was dedicated to St. Mary; and naturally the
+dedication, on the removal from Embsay to Bolton, would be renewed. See
+Whitaker, p. 369, in extracting from the compotus, 'Comp. Monasterii be'
+Mar' de Boulton in Craven.'" It may be added that the whole church being
+dedicated to St. Mary--as in the case of the Cistercian buildings--there
+would be no Lady Chapel. The mention in detail of "prostrate altars,"
+"shrines defaced," "fret-work imagery," "plates of ornamental brass,"
+and "sculptured Forms of Warriors" in the closing canto of _The White
+Doe_ is--like the "one sequestered hillock green" where Francis Norton
+was supposed to "sleep in his last abode"--part of the imaginative
+drapery of the poem.--ED.
+
+[WW] Compare Sackville's _Ferrex and Porrex_, iv. 2; Lord Surrey's lines
+beginning, "Give place, ye lovers"; and George Turberville's poem which
+begins, "You want no skill."--ED.
+
+[XX] Camden expressly says that he was violently attached to the
+Catholic Religion.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+THE FORCE OF PRAYER;[A] OR, THE FOUNDING OF BOLTON PRIORY
+
+A TRADITION
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1815
+
+
+[An appendage to _The White Doe_. My friend, Mr. Rogers, has also
+written on the subject.[B] The story is preserved in Dr. Whitaker's
+_History of Craven_--a topographical writer of first-rate merit in all
+that concerns the past; but such was his aversion from the modern
+spirit, as shown in the spread of manufactories in those districts of
+which he treats, that his readers are left entirely ignorant both of the
+progress of these arts and their real bearing upon the comfort, virtues,
+and happiness of the inhabitants. While wandering on foot through the
+fertile valleys and over the moorlands of the Apennine that divide
+Yorkshire from Lancashire, I used to be delighted with observing the
+number of substantial cottages that had sprung up on every side, each
+having its little plot of fertile ground won from the surrounding waste.
+A bright and warm fire, if needed, was always to be found in these
+dwellings. The father was at his loom; the children looked healthy and
+happy. Is it not to be feared that the increase of mechanic power had
+done away with many of these blessings, and substituted many ills? Alas!
+if these evils grow, how are they to be checked, and where is the remedy
+to be found? Political economy will not supply it; that is certain; we
+must look to something deeper, purer, and higher.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    "=What is good for a bootless bene?="
+    With these dark words begins my Tale;
+    And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring
+    When Prayer is of no avail?
+
+    "=What is good for a bootless bene?="                        5
+    The Falconer to the Lady said;
+    And she made answer "ENDLESS SORROW!"
+    For she knew that her Son was dead.
+
+    She knew it by[1] the Falconer's words,
+    And from the look of the Falconer's eye;                    10
+    And from the love which was in her soul
+    For her youthful Romilly.
+
+    --Young Romilly through Barden woods
+    Is ranging high and low;
+    And holds a greyhound in a leash,                           15
+    To let slip upon buck or doe.
+
+    The pair[2] have reached that fearful chasm,
+    How tempting to bestride!
+    For lordly Wharf is there pent in
+    With rocks on either side.                                  20
+
+    The[3] striding-place is called THE STRID,
+    A name which it took of yore:
+    A thousand years hath it borne that name,
+    And shall a thousand more.
+
+    And hither is young Romilly come,                           25
+    And what may now forbid
+    That he, perhaps for the hundredth time,
+    Shall bound across THE STRID?
+
+    He sprang in glee,--for what cared he                       29
+    That the river was strong, and the rocks were steep?--
+    But the greyhound in the leash hung back,
+    And checked him in his leap.
+
+    The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,
+    And strangled by[4] a merciless force;
+    For never more was young Romilly seen                       35
+    Till he rose a lifeless corse.
+
+    Now there is[5] stillness in the vale,
+    And long,[6] unspeaking, sorrow:
+    Wharf shall be to pitying hearts
+    A name more sad than Yarrow.                                40
+
+    If for a lover the Lady wept,
+    A solace she might borrow
+    From death, and from the passion of death:--
+    Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.
+
+    She weeps not for the wedding-day                           45
+    Which was to be to-morrow:
+    Her hope was a further-looking hope,
+    And hers is a mother's sorrow.
+
+    He was a tree that stood alone,
+    And proudly did its branches wave;                          50
+    And the root of this delightful tree
+    Was in her husband's grave!
+
+    Long, long in darkness did she sit,
+    And her first words were, "Let there be
+    In Bolton, on the field of Wharf,                           55
+    A stately Priory!"
+
+    The stately Priory was reared;[C]
+    And Wharf, as he moved along,
+    To matins joined a mournful voice,
+    Nor failed at even-song.                                    60
+
+    And the Lady prayed in heaviness
+    That looked not for relief!
+    But slowly did her succour come,
+    And a patience to her grief.
+
+    Oh! there is never sorrow of heart                          65
+    That shall lack a timely end,
+    If but to God we turn, and ask
+    Of Him to be our friend![D]
+
+
+There were few variations in the text of this poem, from 1815 to 1850;
+but I have found, in a letter of Dorothy Wordsworth's to her friend Miss
+Jane Pollard, the mother of Lady Monteagle--who kindly sent it to me--an
+earlier version, which differs considerably from the form in which it
+was first published in 1815. The letter is dated October 18th, 1807, and
+the poem is as follows:--
+
+
+      "_What is good for a bootless bene?_"
+      The Lady answer'd, "_endless sorrow_."
+      _Her_ words are plain; but the Falconer's words
+      Are a path that is dark to travel thorough.
+
+      These words I bring from the Banks of Wharf,
+      Dark words to front an ancient tale:
+      And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring
+      When prayer is of no avail?
+
+      "What is good for a bootless bene?"
+      The Falconer to the Lady said,
+      And she made answer as ye have heard,
+      For she knew that her Son was dead.
+
+      She knew it from the Falconer's words
+      And from the look of the Falconer's eye,
+      And from the love that was in her heart
+      For her youthful Romelli.
+
+      Young Romelli to the Woods is gone,
+      And who doth on his steps attend?
+      He hath a greyhound in a leash,
+      A chosen forest Friend.
+
+      And they have reach'd that famous Chasm
+      Where he who dares may stride
+      Across the River Wharf, pent in
+      With rocks on either side.
+
+      And that striding place is call'd THE STRID,
+      A name which it took of yore;
+      A thousand years hath it borne that name,
+      And shall a thousand more.
+
+      And thither is young Romelli come;
+      And what may now forbid
+      That He, perhaps for the hundredth time,
+      Shall bound across the Strid?
+
+      He sprang in glee; for what cared he
+      That the River was strong, and the Rocks were steep?
+      But the greyhound in the Leash hung back
+      And check'd him in his leap.
+
+      The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,
+      And strangled with a merciless force;
+      For never more was young Romelli seen,
+      Till he was a lifeless corse.
+
+      Now is there stillness in the vale
+      And long unspeaking sorrow,
+      Wharf has buried fonder hopes
+      Than e'er were drown'd in Yarrow.[E]
+
+      If for a Lover the Lady wept
+      A comfort she might borrow
+      From death, and from the passion of death;
+      Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.
+
+      She weeps not for the Wedding-day
+      That was to be to-morrow,[F]
+      Her hope was a farther-looking hope
+      And hers is a Mother's sorrow.
+
+      Oh was he not a comely tree?
+      And proudly did his branches wave;
+      And the Root of this delightful Tree
+      Is in her Husband's grave.
+
+      Long, long in darkness did she sit,
+      And her first word was, "Let there be
+      At Bolton, in the Fields of Wharf
+      A stately Priory."
+
+      And the stately Priory was rear'd,
+      And Wharf as he moved along,
+      To Matins joined a mournful voice,
+      Nor fail'd at Even-song.
+
+      And the Lady pray'd in heaviness
+      That wish'd not for relief;
+      But slowly did her succour come,
+      And a patience to her grief.
+
+      Oh! there is never sorrow of heart
+      That shall lack a timely end,
+      If but to God we turn, and ask
+      Of him to be our Friend.
+
+
+The poem of Samuel Rogers, to which Wordsworth refers in the Fenwick
+note, is named _The Boy of Egremond_. It begins--
+
+      "Say, what remains when Hope is fled?"
+      She answered, "endless weeping!"
+
+In a letter to Wordsworth in 1815, Charles Lamb wrote thus of _The Force
+of Prayer_, "Young Romilly is divine; the reasons of his mother's grief
+being remediless. I never saw parental love carried up so high, towering
+above the other loves. Shakspeare had done something for the filial in
+Cordelia, and, by implication, for the fatherly too, in Lear's
+resentment; he left it for you to explore the depths of the maternal
+heart.... When I first opened upon the just mentioned poem, in a
+careless tone, I said to Mary, as if putting a riddle, '_What is good
+for a bootless bene?_' To which, with infinite presence of mind (as the
+jest-book has it), she answered, 'A shoeless pea.' It was the first joke
+she ever made.... I never felt deeply in my life if that poem did not
+make me feel, both lately and when I read it in MS." (_The Letters of
+Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. i. p. 288.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... from ...                                       1815.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+      And the Pair ...                                   1815.
+
+[3] 1850.
+
+      This ...                                           1815.
+
+[4] 1820.
+
+      ... with ...                                       1815.
+
+[5] 1820.
+
+      Now is there ...                                   1815.
+
+[6] 1815.
+
+      And deep ...                                       1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See _The White Doe of Rylstone_.--W. W. 1820.
+
+[B] Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, May 1819, of Rogers--"He has been
+re-writing your Poem of the Strid, and publishing it at the end of his
+'Human Life.' Tie him up to the cart, hangman, while you are about it."
+(_The Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. p.
+20.)--ED.
+
+[C] The Lady Alice De Romilly built not only Bolton Priory, but the nave
+of Carlisle Cathedral, and the chancel of Crosthwaite Parish Church at
+Keswick.--ED.
+
+[D] "Young Romilly" was a son of Fitz Duncan, Earl of Murray in
+Scotland, whose Cumbrian estates extended from Dunmail Raise to St.
+Bees. This "Boy of Egremond" was second cousin of Malcolm, King of
+Scotland; and by the marriage of Fitz Duncan's sister (Matilda the Good)
+with Henry I. of England, he stood in the same relation to Henry II. of
+England. Fitz Duncan married Alice, the only daughter and heiress of
+Robert de Romilly, lord of Skipton. Compare Ferguson's _History of
+Cumberland_, p. 175.--ED.
+
+[E] Alluding to a Ballad of Logan's.--W. W. 1807.
+
+[F] From the same Ballad.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED WHILE THE AUTHOR WAS ENGAGED IN WRITING A TRACT, OCCASIONED BY
+  THE CONVENTION OF CINTRA. 1808
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+This sonnet was included among those "dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Not 'mid the World's vain objects that[1] enslave
+    The free-born Soul--that World whose vaunted skill
+    In selfish interest perverts the will,
+    Whose factions lead astray the wise and brave--
+    Not there; but in dark wood and rocky cave,                  5
+    And hollow vale which foaming torrents fill
+    With omnipresent murmur as they rave
+    Down their steep beds, that never shall be still:
+    Here, mighty Nature! in this school sublime
+    I weigh the hopes and fears of suffering Spain;             10
+    For her consult the auguries of time,
+    And through the human heart explore my way;
+    And look and listen--gathering, whence[2] I may,
+    Triumph, and thoughts no bondage can restrain.
+
+
+Wordsworth began to write on the Convention of Cintra in November 1808,
+and sent two articles on the subject to the December (1808) and January
+(1809) numbers of _The Courier_. The subject grew in importance to him
+as he discussed it: and he threw his reflections on the subject into the
+form of a small treatise, the preface to which was dated 20th May 1809.
+The full title of this (so-called) "Tract" is "Concerning the Relations
+of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal to each other, and to the common
+Enemy, at this crisis; and specifically as affected by the Convention of
+Cintra: the whole brought to the test of those Principles, by which
+alone the Independence and Freedom of Nations can be Preserved or
+Recovered."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... where ...                                      1815.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED AT THE SAME TIME AND ON THE SAME OCCASION
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    I dropped my pen; and listened to the Wind
+    That sang of trees up-torn and vessels tost--
+    A midnight harmony; and wholly lost
+    To the general sense of men by chains confined
+    Of business, care, or pleasure; or resigned                  5
+    To timely sleep. Thought I, the impassioned strain,
+    Which, without aid of numbers, I sustain,
+    Like acceptation from the World will find.
+    Yet some with apprehensive ear shall drink
+    A dirge devoutly breathed o'er sorrows past;                10
+    And to the attendant promise will give heed--
+    The prophecy,--like that of this wild blast,
+    Which, while it makes the heart with sadness shrink,
+    Tells also of bright calms that shall succeed.
+
+
+
+
+1809
+
+
+The poems belonging to the years 1809 and 1810 were mainly
+sonnets--although _The Excursion_ was being added to at intervals. Of
+twenty-four which were included by Wordsworth, in the final arrangement
+of his poems, among those "dedicated to National Independence and
+Liberty," fourteen belong to the year 1809, and ten to 1810. It is
+difficult to ascertain the principle which guided him in determining the
+succession of these sonnets. They were not placed in chronological
+order; nor is there any historical or topographical reason for their
+being arranged as they were. I have therefore felt at liberty to depart
+from his order, to the following extent.
+
+The six sonnets referring to the Tyrolese have been brought together in
+one group. Those containing allusions to Spain might have been similarly
+treated; but the sonnets on Schill, the King of Sweden, and Napoleon--as
+arranged by Wordsworth himself--do not break the continuity of the
+series on Spain, in the same way that the insertion of those on Palafox
+and Zaragoza interferes with the unity of the Tyrolean group; and the
+re-arrangement of the latter series enables me more conveniently to
+append to it a German translation of the sonnets, and a paper upon them,
+by Alois Brandl.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TYROLESE SONNETS
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+HOFFER
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+The six sonnets of this Tyrolean group were placed among the "Sonnets
+dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Of mortal parents is the Hero born
+    By whom the undaunted Tyrolese are led?
+    Or is it Tell's great Spirit, from the dead
+    Returned to animate an age forlorn?
+    He comes like Phoebus through the gates of morn            5
+    When dreary darkness is discomfited,
+    Yet mark his modest[1] state! upon his head,
+    That simple crest, a heron's plume, is worn.[2]
+    O Liberty! they stagger at the shock
+    From van to rear--and with one mind would flee,             10
+    But half their host is buried:[3]--rock on rock
+    Descends:--beneath this godlike Warrior, see!
+    Hills, torrents, woods, embodied to bemock
+    The Tyrant, and confound his cruelty.
+
+
+The expectation that the Germans would rise against the French in 1807
+was realised only in the Tyrol. Andreas Hofer, an innkeeper in the
+Passeierthal, was the chief of the Tyrolese leaders. More than once he
+called his countrymen to arms, and was successful for a time. The
+Bavarians, however, defeated him, in October 1809. He was tried by
+court-martial, and shot in 1810.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... simple ...                                     1809.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      A Heron's feather for a crest is worn.             1809.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+                               ... at the shock;
+      The Murderers are aghast; they strive to flee
+      And half their Host is buried:-- ...               1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, October 26.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+"ADVANCE--COME FORTH FROM THY TYROLEAN GROUND"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Advance--come forth from thy Tyrolean ground,
+    Dear Liberty! stern Nymph of soul untamed;
+    Sweet Nymph, O rightly of the mountains named!
+    Through the long chain of Alps from mound to mound
+    And o'er the eternal snows, like Echo, bound;                5
+    Like Echo, when the hunter train at dawn
+    Have roused her from her sleep: and forest-lawn,
+    Cliffs, woods and caves, her viewless steps resound
+    And babble of her pastime!--On, dread Power!
+    With such invisible motion speed thy flight,                10
+    Through hanging clouds, from craggy height to height,
+    Through the green vales and through the herdsman's bower--
+    That all the Alps may gladden in thy might,
+    Here, there, and in all places at one hour.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, October 26.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+FEELINGS OF THE TYROLESE
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    The Land we from our fathers had in trust,
+    And to our children will transmit, or die:
+    This is our maxim, this our piety;
+    And God and Nature say that it is just.
+    That which we _would_ perform in arms--we must!              5
+    We read the dictate in the infant's eye;
+    In the wife's smile; and in the placid sky;
+    And, at our feet, amid the silent dust
+    Of them that were before us.--Sing aloud
+    Old songs, the precious music of the heart!                 10
+    Give, herds and flocks, your voices to the wind!
+    While we go forth, a self-devoted crowd,
+    With weapons grasped in fearless hands,[1] to assert
+    Our virtue, and to vindicate mankind.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      With weapons in the fearless hand,                 1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+"ALAS! WHAT BOOTS THE LONG LABORIOUS QUEST"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Alas! what boots the long laborious quest
+    Of moral prudence, sought through good and ill;
+    Or pains[1] abstruse--to elevate the will,
+    And[2] lead us on to that transcendent rest
+    Where every passion shall the sway attest                    5
+    Of Reason, seated on her sovereign hill;
+    What is it but a vain and curious skill,
+    If sapient Germany must lie deprest,
+    Beneath the brutal sword?--Her haughty Schools
+    Shall blush; and may not we with sorrow say,                10
+    A few strong instincts and a few plain rules,
+    Among the herdsmen of the Alps, have wrought
+    More for mankind at this unhappy day
+    Than all the pride of intellect and thought?
+
+
+See the paper by Alois Brandl appended to this series of sonnets, p.
+218. Wordsworth had probably no means of knowing anything of Fichte's
+"Addresses to the German Nation," delivered weekly in Berlin, from
+December 1807 to March 1808. (See _Fichte_, by Professor Adamson, pp.
+84-91.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... pain ...                                       1809.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      Or ...                                             1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, November 16, under the title, _Sonnet suggested by
+the efforts of the Tyrolese, contrasted with the present state of
+Germany_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+ON THE FINAL SUBMISSION OF THE TYROLESE
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    It was a _moral_ end for which they fought;
+    Else how, when mighty Thrones were put to shame,
+    Could they, poor Shepherds, have preserved an aim,
+    A resolution, or enlivening thought?
+    Nor hath that moral good been _vainly_ sought;               5
+    For in their magnanimity and fame
+    Powers have they left, an impulse, and a claim
+    Which neither can be overturned nor bought.
+    Sleep, Warriors, sleep! among your hills repose!
+    We know that ye, beneath the stern control                  10
+    Of awful prudence, keep the unvanquished soul:
+    And when, impatient of her guilt and woes,
+    Europe breaks forth; then, Shepherds! shall ye rise
+    For perfect triumph o'er your Enemies.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 21, under the title, _On the report of the
+submission of the Tyrolese_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+"THE MARTIAL COURAGE OF A DAY IS VAIN"
+
+Composed 1810?[A]--Published 1815
+
+
+    The martial courage of a day is vain,
+    An empty noise of death the battle's roar,
+    If vital hope be wanting to restore,
+    Or fortitude be wanting to sustain,
+    Armies or kingdoms. We have heard a strain                   5
+    Of triumph, how the labouring Danube bore
+    A weight of hostile corses: drenched with gore
+    Were the wide fields, the hamlets heaped with slain.
+    Yet see (the mighty tumult overpast)
+    Austria a Daughter of her Throne hath sold!                 10
+    And her Tyrolean Champion we behold
+    Murdered, like one ashore by shipwreck cast,
+    Murdered without relief. Oh! blind as bold,
+    To think that such assurance can stand fast!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] I retain this Tyrolese sonnet amongst the others belonging to the
+same theme; but, as Hofer was shot in 1810, it was probably written in
+that year.--ED.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I append to this series of sonnets on the Tyrol and the Tyrolese the
+translation of a paper contributed by Alois Brandl, a Tyrolean, to the
+_Neue Freie Presse_ of October 22, 1880. Herr Brandl was for some time
+in England investigating the traces of a German literary influence on
+Coleridge, Wordsworth, and their contemporaries.
+
+  "It was in the year 1809; Napoleon was at the height of his career
+  of victory; and England alone of all his opponents held the
+  supremacy at sea. For years the English were the only
+  representatives of freedom in Europe. At last it seemed that two
+  fortunate allies arose to join their cause--the insurgents in
+  Spain and in the little land of Tyrol. No wonder then that now
+  British poets sympathised with the victors at the hill of Isel,
+  and praised their courage and their leaders, and at last, when
+  they were overcome by superior forces, laid the laurel wreath of
+  tragic heroism on their graves.
+
+  "Thirty or forty years before, English poets would scarcely have
+  shown such a lively interest in a war of independence in a foreign
+  country. They stood under the curse of narrow-mindedness and
+  one-sidedness both in politics and in art, so that their
+  smooth-running verses neither sought nor found a response even in
+  the hearts of their own fellow-countrymen. The poets who appeared
+  before the public in the year 1798 with the famous 'Lyrical
+  Ballads' were the first to strike out a new path. Although
+  differing considerably from one another in other respects, they
+  agreed in their opposition to the conventionality of the old
+  school."
+
+  . . . . .
+
+  "Wordsworth lived in a simple little house on the romantic lake
+  of Grasmere, in the heart of the mountains of Westmoreland. He
+  studied more in his walks over heath and field than in books, and
+  entered with interest into the questions affecting the good of the
+  country people around him. All this of necessity impelled him to
+  take a warm interest in the herdsmen of the Alps.
+
+  "But the Tyrolese inspired him with still greater interest on
+  political grounds. Like all the lake poets, he was an enthusiastic
+  admirer, not of the French revolution, but of the republic as long
+  as it seemed to desire the realization of the ideas of Liberty,
+  Fraternity, Equality, and the rest of Rousseau's Arcadian notions;
+  and it was a bitter disillusion for him, as well as for Klopstock,
+  when this much-praised home of the free rights of man resolved
+  itself into the empire of Napoleon. From this moment he took his
+  place on the side of the enemies of France, and particularly on
+  the side of the Tyrolese, since they had never lost the natural
+  simplicity of their habits, and had regained the hereditary
+  freedom, of which they had been deprived, with the sword. Thus
+  arose the curious paradox, that a republican poet glorified
+  spontaneously the cause of an exceedingly monarchical and
+  conservative country.
+
+  "Wordsworth gave vent to his enthusiasm in six sonnets, which, as
+  far as power of language and vigour of thought are concerned, form
+  interesting companion-pieces to the poems of the contemporary
+  Tyrolese poet Alois Weissenbach. In the first three sonnets the
+  splendour of the Alpine world, which he knew from his journeys in
+  Switzerland, forms the background of the picture. In the
+  foreground he sees a band of brave and daring men, in whose hearts
+  he thought he could find all his own moral pathos. Many of the
+  features which he has introduced certainly show more ideal fancy
+  than knowledge of detail; but it was not his purpose to compose a
+  correct report of the war, but to give an exciting description of
+  the heroes of this struggle for independence, in order that, even
+  though they themselves should be overpowered, their spirit might
+  arise again among his own fellow-countrymen. In the fourth sonnet,
+  in his enthusiasm for the Tyrolese, he has treated the German
+  universities with unnecessary severity; but this does not prove
+  any intentional want of fairness on his part, for at that time our
+  universities stood under general discredit in England as the
+  hotbeds of the wildest metaphysics and political dreams. The
+  events of the year 1813 would probably induce Wordsworth to view
+  them in a more favourable light. Similarly the sixth sonnet is not
+  quite just to Austria; in particular Wordsworth has made
+  decidedly too little allowance for the fact that the Emperor Franz
+  I. ceded the Tyrol quite against his own will under the pressure
+  of circumstances. But in this case we must not simply impute all
+  the blame to the poet; for as we see from the diary of his friend
+  Southey, his information as to the doings of Austria was of a most
+  vague and unfavourable character. We, however, cannot have any
+  wish to impute to Austria the sins of ill-advised diplomacy."
+
+The following are Herr Brandl's German translations of five of
+Wordsworth's sonnets:--
+
+
+                           1
+
+                 Andreas Hofer.
+
+      Von Sterblichen geboren sei der Held,
+        Der den Tirolern todeskühn gebeut?
+        Ist etwa Tell's Geist aus der Ewigkeit
+      Gekehrt, zu wecken die verlor'ne Welt?
+
+      Er kommt wie Phöbus aus dem Morgenzelt,
+        Wenn sich die Finsterniß der Nacht zerstreut,
+        Und doch, wie schlicht! Ein Falkenschweif nur dreut
+      Von seinem Hut und füllt sein Wappenfeld.
+
+      O Freiheit! Wie der Feind erbebt in Rücken
+        Und Front und gerne flöh' in ~einer~ Fluth,
+      Wär' er nicht halb bedeckt von Felsenstücken,
+        Gewälzt von dieses Kämpfers Göttermuth!
+      Geeint sind Berg, Wald, Wildbach, zu erdrücken
+        Hohnlachend den Tyrann und seine Wuth.
+
+
+                           2[B]
+
+      Freiheit, ersteig aus deinem Heimatsland
+        Tirol! du Mädchen ernst und unzähmbar
+        Und lieblich doch, der Berge Kind fürwahr!
+      Ein Echo zwischen Fels und Alpenwand.
+
+      Und über Gletschern bist du festgebannt;
+        Ein Echo, das die Jagd im Morgengrau
+        Vom Schlaf' aufscheucht, daß Berg und Wald und Au
+      Und Höhle dröhnen, wo's unsichtbar stand,
+
+      Sein Spiel verkündend. So urplötzlich strahl',
+        Du hehre Macht, hervor im Siegeslauf
+        Durch Wolkenwust, von Klippenknauf zu Knauf,
+      Durch Almenhütten, durch das grüne Thal;
+        In dir dann jauchzen alle Alpen auf
+      Hier, dort und überall mit ~einem~ Mal!
+
+
+                           3
+
+              Gefühle der Tiroler.
+
+      »Das Land ist uns vertraut vom Ahngeschlecht:
+        So sei's vererbt--und kost' es auch das Leben--
+      Den Kindern: das ist Pflicht und fromm und eben;
+        Natur und Gott, sie nennen es gerecht.
+
+      Wir ~müssen~ thun, was möglich, im Gefecht:
+        Sieh' dies Gebot im Kindesauge leben,
+        Von Frauenlippen, aus dem Aether schweben;
+      Ihr Väter selbst aus Grabesmoder sprecht
+
+      Es laut empor.--So kling' in Sangesbraus
+        Der alten Lieder herzliche Musik!
+          Einstimmen Hirt und Heerde in den Reihen!
+      Ein opferwillig' Häuflein zieh'n wir aus,
+        Die Waffen in den Händen, Muth im Blick,
+          Der Tugend treu, die Menschheit zu befreien.«
+
+
+                           4
+
+      Was nützt, ach! langes sittenkluges Streiten,
+        Das man aus »gut« und »böse« preßt mit Müh';
+        Was dummer Fleiß, zu höh'n die Energie
+      Und zu transcendentaler Ruh' zu leiten,
+
+      Daß jede Leidenschaft sich lasse reiten
+        Von der Vernunft in Allsuprematie:
+        Ist das nicht seltsam eitle Theorie,
+      Wenn Deutschland trotz so viel Spitzfindigkeiten
+
+      Dem rohen Schwert erliegt? Erröthen sollen
+        Die hohen Schulen! Müssen wir nicht sagen:
+      Mehr wußten wenig Regeln, starkes Wollen
+          Durch schlichte Alpenhirten auszuführen
+        Für's Menschenwohl in diesen Unglückstagen,
+          Als alles stolze Metaphysiciren?
+
+
+                           5
+
+   Auf die schließliche Unterwerfung der Tiroler.
+
+      Ist einer ~guten~ Sache galt ihr Schlagen;
+        Wie hätten bei der Throne Niederfahrt
+        Sonst sie, die armen Schäfer, sich bewahrt
+      Begeisternd hohen Sinn und kräftig Wagen?
+
+      Auch hat ihr Kampf für's Gute Frucht getragen:
+        Weckt nicht ihr Ruhm, die große Denkungsart
+        Auch uns den Muth, mit Rechtsgefühl gepaart,
+      Der nicht zu kaufen ist, nicht zu zernagen?
+
+      Schlaft, Kämpfer! Unter euren Bergen ruht!
+        Dem strengsten Richter kann es nicht entgehen:
+          Nie kannte euer ~Herz~ das Retiriren.
+      Und bricht in höchster Pein und Rachewuth
+        Europa los, so sollt ihr auferstehen,
+          ~Ganz~ über euern Feind zu triumphiren!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[B] Sonette 2 und 4 sind unbetitelt.
+
+
+
+
+"AND IS IT AMONG RUDE UNTUTORED DALES"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+This and the remaining sonnets of 1809 were placed among those
+"dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    And is it among rude untutored Dales,[1]
+    There, and there only, that the heart is true?
+    And, rising to repel or to subdue,
+    Is it by rocks and woods that man prevails?
+    Ah no! though Nature's dread protection fails,               5
+    There is a bulwark in the soul.[2] This knew
+    Iberian Burghers when the sword they drew
+    In Zaragoza, naked to the gales
+    Of fiercely-breathing war. The truth was felt
+    By Palafox, and many a brave compeer,                       10
+    Like him of noble birth and noble mind;
+    By ladies, meek-eyed women without fear;
+    And wanderers of the street, to whom is dealt
+    The bread which without industry they find.
+
+
+Palafox-y-Melzi, Don Joseph (1780-1847), immortalized by his heroic
+defence of Saragossa in 1808-9. He was of an old Aragon family, and
+entered the Spanish army at an early age. In 1808, when twenty-nine
+years of age, he was appointed governor of Saragossa, by the people of
+the town, who were menaced by the French armies. He defended it with a
+few men, against immense odds, and compelled the French to abandon the
+siege, after sixty-one days' attack, and the loss of thousands.
+Saragossa, however, was too important to lose, and Marshals Mortier and
+Moncy renewed the siege with a large army. Palafox (twice defeated
+outside) retired to the fortress as before, where the men, women, and
+children fought in defence, till the city was almost a heap of ruins.
+Typhus attacked the garrison within, while the French army assailed it
+from without. Palafox, smitten by the fever, had to give up the command
+to another, who signed a capitulation next day. He was sent a prisoner
+to Vincennes, and kept there for nearly five years, till the restoration
+of Ferdinand VII., when he was sent back on a secret mission to Madrid.
+In 1814 he was appointed Captain-General of Aragon; but for about thirty
+years--till his death in 1847--he took no part in public affairs.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... vales,                                         1809.
+
+[2] The word "soul" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1809 to 1832.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In Coleridge's _Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"O'ER THE WIDE EARTH, ON MOUNTAIN AND ON PLAIN"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain,
+    Dwells in the affections and the soul of man
+    A Godhead, like the universal PAN;[B]
+    But more exalted, with a brighter train:
+    And shall his bounty be dispensed in vain,                   5
+    Showered equally on city and on field,
+    And neither hope nor stedfast promise yield
+    In these usurping times of fear and pain?
+    Such doom awaits us. Nay, forbid it Heaven!
+    We know the arduous strife, the eternal laws                10
+    To which the triumph of all good is given,
+    High sacrifice, and labour without pause,
+    Even to the death:--else wherefore should the eye
+    Of man converse with immortality?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In Coleridge's _Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare Aubrey de Vere's _Picturesque Sketches of Greece and
+Turkey_, vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.--ED.
+
+In _The Friend_ (edition 1812), the following footnote occurs--
+
+                         "... universal Pan,
+      Knit with the graces and the hours in dance,
+      Led on the eternal spring.--MILTON."                 ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HAIL, ZARAGOZA! IF WITH UNWET EYE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye
+    We can approach, thy sorrow to behold,
+    Yet is the heart not pitiless nor cold;
+    Such spectacle demands not tear or sigh.
+    These desolate remains are trophies high                     5
+    Of more than martial courage in the breast
+    Of peaceful civic virtue:[A] they attest
+    Thy matchless worth to all posterity.
+    Blood flowed before thy sight without remorse;
+    Disease consumed thy vitals; War upheaved                   10
+    The ground beneath thee with volcanic force:
+    Dread trials! yet encountered and sustained
+    Till not a wreck of help or hope remained,
+    And law was from necessity[1] received.[B]
+
+
+See note to the sonnet beginning "And is it among rude untutored Dales"
+(p. 222). "Saragossa surrendered February 20, 1809, after a heroic
+defence, which may recall the sieges of Numantiaor Saguntum. Every
+street, almost every house, had been hotly contested; the monks, and
+even the women, had taken a conspicuous share in the defence; more than
+40,000 bodies of both sexes and every age testified to the obstinate
+courage of the besieged." (See Dyer's _History of Modern Europe_, vol.
+iv. p. 496.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] The word "necessity" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815 to
+1843.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare a passage in Wordsworth's Essay _Concerning the Convention
+of Cintra_ (1809, pp. 180-1), beginning "Most gloriously have the
+Citizens of Saragossa proved that the true army of Spain, in a contest
+of this nature, is the whole people."--ED.
+
+[B] The beginning is imitated from an Italian Sonnet.--W. W. 1815.
+
+In 1837 Wordsworth put it thus, "In this Sonnet I am under some
+obligations to one of an Italian author, to which I cannot refer." But
+it is to be noted that in the edition of 1837, this note does not refer
+to the sonnet on Saragossa, but to that beginning "O, for a kindling
+touch from that pure flame," belonging to the year 1816. In subsequent
+editions the note is reappended to this sonnet beginning "Hail,
+Zaragoza!"--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"SAY, WHAT IS HONOUR?--'TIS THE FINEST SENSE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Say, what is Honour?--'Tis the finest sense
+    Of _justice_ which the human mind can frame,
+    Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,
+    And guard the way of life from all offence
+    Suffered or done. When lawless violence                      5
+    Invades a Realm, so pressed that in the scale[1]
+    Of perilous war her weightiest armies fail,
+    Honour is hopeful elevation,--whence
+    Glory, and triumph. Yet with politic skill
+    Endangered States may yield to terms unjust;                10
+    Stoop their proud heads, but not unto the dust--
+    A Foe's most favourite purpose to fulfil:
+    Happy occasions oft by self-mistrust
+    Are forfeited; but infamy doth kill.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      A Kingdom doth assault, and in the scale           1815.
+
+
+
+
+"BRAVE SCHILL! BY DEATH DELIVERED, TAKE THY FLIGHT"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight
+    From Prussia's timid region. Go, and rest
+    With heroes, 'mid the islands of the Blest,
+    Or in the fields of empyrean light.
+    A meteor wert thou crossing a dark night:[1]                 5
+    Yet shall thy name, conspicuous and sublime,
+    Stand in the spacious firmament of time,
+    Fixed as a star: such glory is thy right.
+    Alas! it may not be: for earthly fame
+    Is Fortune's frail dependant; yet their lives               10
+    A Judge, who, as man claims by merit, gives;
+    To whose all-pondering mind a noble aim,
+    Faithfully kept, is as a noble deed;
+    In whose pure sight all virtue doth succeed.
+
+
+Ferdinand von Schill, a distinguished Prussian officer, born 1773,
+entered the army 1789, was seriously wounded in the battle of Jena, but
+took the field again at the head of a free corps. Indignant at the
+subjection of his country to Buonaparte, he resolved to make a great
+effort for the liberation of Germany, collected a small body of troops,
+and commenced operations on the Elbe; but after a few successes was
+overpowered and slain at Stralsund, May 31, 1809. On June 4, 1809,
+Wordsworth writing to Daniel Stewart, editor of _The Courier_ newspaper,
+says, "Many thanks for the newspaper. Schill is a fine fellow." The
+sonnet was doubtless inspired by what he thus heard of Schill.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... in a darksome night:                           1815.
+
+
+
+
+"CALL NOT THE ROYAL SWEDE UNFORTUNATE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Call not the royal Swede unfortunate,
+    Who never did to Fortune bend the knee;
+    Who slighted fear; rejected steadfastly
+    Temptation; and whose kingly name and state
+    Have "perished by his choice, and not his fate!"             5
+    Hence lives He, to his inner self endeared;
+    And hence, wherever virtue is revered,
+    He sits a more exalted Potentate,
+    Throned in the hearts of men. Should Heaven ordain
+    That this great Servant of a righteous cause                10
+    Must still have sad or vexing thoughts to endure,
+    Yet may a sympathizing spirit pause,
+    Admonished by these truths, and quench all pain
+    In thankful joy and gratulation pure.
+
+
+The royal Swede, "who never did to Fortune bend the knee," was Gustavus
+IV. He abdicated in 1809, and came to London at the close of the year
+1810. Compare the earlier sonnet on the same King of Sweden (vol. ii. p.
+338), beginning--
+
+      The Voice of song from distant lands shall call.
+
+In the edition of 1827, Wordsworth added the following note:--"In this
+and a former Sonnet, in honour of the same Sovereign, let me be
+understood as a Poet availing himself of the situation which the King of
+Sweden occupied, and of the principles avowed in his manifestos; as
+laying hold of these advantages for the purpose of embodying moral
+truths. This remark might, perhaps, as well have been suppressed; for to
+those who may be in sympathy with the course of these Poems, it will be
+superfluous; and will, I fear, be thrown away upon that other class,
+whose besotted admiration of the intoxicated despot here placed in
+contrast with him, is the most melancholy evidence of degradation in
+British feeling and intellect which the times have furnished."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"LOOK NOW ON THAT ADVENTURER WHO HATH PAID"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid
+    His vows to Fortune; who, in cruel slight
+    Of virtuous hope, of liberty, and right,
+    Hath followed wheresoe'er a way was made
+    By the blind Goddess,--ruthless, undismayed;                 5
+    And so hath gained at length a prosperous height,
+    Round which the elements of worldly might
+    Beneath his haughty feet, like clouds, are laid.
+    O joyless power that stands by lawless force!
+    Curses are _his_ dire portion, scorn, and hate,             10
+    Internal darkness and unquiet breath;
+    And, if old judgments keep their sacred course,
+    Him from that height shall Heaven precipitate
+    By violent and ignominious death.
+
+
+The "Adventurer" who "paid his vows to Fortune," in contrast to the
+royal Swede "who never did to Fortune bend the knee," was of course
+Napoleon Buonaparte.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"IS THERE A POWER THAT CAN SUSTAIN AND CHEER"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Is there a power that can sustain and cheer
+    The captive chieftain, by a tyrant's doom,
+    Forced to descend into his destined tomb--[1]
+    A dungeon dark! where he must waste the year,
+    And lie cut off from all his heart holds dear;               5
+    What time his injured country is a stage
+    Whereon deliberate Valour and the rage
+    Of righteous Vengeance side by side appear,
+    Filling from morn to night the heroic scene
+    With deeds of hope and everlasting praise:--                10
+    Say can he think of this with mind serene
+    And silent fetters? Yes, if visions bright
+    Shine on his soul, reflected from the days
+    When he himself was tried in open light.
+
+
+This may refer to Palafox, alluded to in the sonnet (p. 222) beginning,
+"And is it among rude untutored Dales," and in the one next in order in
+the series (p. 223); although, from the latter sonnet, it would seem
+that Wordsworth did not know that Palafox was, in 1809, a prisoner at
+Vincennes.
+
+In his edition of the poems published in 1837, Professor Henry Reed of
+Philadelphia said, "He must be dull of heart who, in perusing this
+series of Poems 'dedicated to Liberty,' does not feel his affection for
+his own country--wherever it may be--and his love of freedom, under
+whatever form of government his lot may have been cast--at once
+invigorated and chastened into a purer and more thoughtful
+emotion."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Forced to descend alive into his tomb,             1815.
+
+The text of 1815 was re-adopted in 1838; the text of 1840 returned to
+that of 1837.
+
+
+
+
+EPITAPHS TRANSLATED FROM CHIABRERA
+
+
+[Those from Chiabrera were chiefly translated when Mr. Coleridge was
+writing his _Friend_, in which periodical my "Essay on Epitaphs,"
+written about that time, was first published. For further notice of
+Chiabrera, in connection with his Epitaphs, see _Musings near
+Aquapendente_.--I. F.]
+
+It is better to print all the Epitaphs from Chiabrera together, than to
+spread them out over the years when they were written or published. Some
+of them were certainly written in 1809, or at least before 1810; others
+at a later date. But it is impossible to say in what year those
+published after 1810 were composed. They are all to be found in the
+class of "Epitaphs and Elegiac Pieces."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         I
+
+    "WEEP NOT, BELOVÈD FRIENDS! NOR LET THE AIR"
+
+                  Published 1837
+
+
+    Weep not, belovèd Friends! nor let the air
+    For me with sighs be troubled. Not from life
+    Have I been taken; this is genuine life
+    And this alone--the life which now I live
+    In peace eternal; where desire and joy                       5
+    Together move in fellowship without end.--
+    Francesco Ceni willed that, after death,
+    His tombstone thus should speak for him.[1] And surely
+    Small cause there is for that fond wish of ours
+    Long to continue in this world; a world                     10
+    That keeps not faith, nor yet can point a hope
+    To good, whereof itself is destitute.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1849.
+
+      Francesco Ceni after death enjoined
+      That thus his tomb should speak for him ...        1837.
+
+
+
+
+                        II
+
+    "PERHAPS SOME NEEDFUL SERVICE OF THE STATE"
+
+                Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    Perhaps some needful service of the State
+    Drew TITUS from the depth of studious bowers,
+    And doomed him to contend in faithless courts,
+    Where gold determines between right and wrong.
+    Yet did at length his loyalty of heart,                      5
+    And his pure native genius, lead him back
+    To wait upon the bright and gracious Muses,
+    Whom he had early loved. And not in vain
+    Such course he held! Bologna's learned schools
+    Were gladdened by the Sage's voice, and hung                10
+    With fondness on those sweet Nestorian strains.[1]
+    There pleasure crowned his days; and all his thoughts
+    A roseate fragrance breathed.[2][B]--O human life,
+    That never art secure from dolorous change!
+    Behold a high injunction suddenly                           15
+    To Arno's side hath brought him,[3] and he charmed
+    A Tuscan audience: but full soon was called
+    To the perpetual silence of the grave.
+    Mourn, Italy, the loss of him who stood
+    A Champion stedfast and invincible,                         20
+    To quell the rage of literary War!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... Nestrian                                       1810.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      There did he live content; and all his thoughts
+      Were blithe as vernal flowers.--                   1810.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      To Arno's side conducts him,                       1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, February 22.--ED.
+
+[B]   Ivi vivea giocondo ei suoi pensieri
+      Erano tutti rose.
+
+The Translator had not skill to come nearer to his original.--W. W.
+1815.
+
+
+
+
+                      III
+
+    "O THOU WHO MOVEST ONWARD WITH A MIND"
+
+             Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    O Thou who movest onward with a mind
+    Intent upon thy way, pause, though in haste!
+    'Twill be no fruitless moment. I was born
+    Within Savona's walls, of gentle blood.
+    On Tiber's banks my youth was dedicate                       5
+    To sacred studies; and the Roman Shepherd
+    Gave to my charge Urbino's numerous flock.
+    Well[1] did I watch, much laboured, nor had power
+    To escape from many and strange indignities;
+    Was smitten by the great ones of the world,                 10
+    But did not fall; for Virtue braves all shocks,
+    Upon herself resting immoveably.
+    Me did a kindlier fortune then invite
+    To serve the glorious Henry, King of France,
+    And in his hands I saw a high reward                        15
+    Stretched out for my acceptance,--but Death came.
+    Now, Reader, learn from this my fate, how false,
+    How treacherous to her promise, is the world;
+    And trust in God--to whose eternal doom
+    Must bend the sceptred Potentates of earth.                 20
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Much ...                                           1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, February 22.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         IV
+
+    "THERE NEVER BREATHED A MAN WHO, WHEN HIS LIFE"
+
+                 Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    There never breathed a man who, when his life
+    Was closing, might not of that life relate
+    Toils long and hard.--The warrior will report
+    Of wounds, and bright swords flashing in the field,
+    And blast of trumpets. He who hath been doomed               5
+    To bow his forehead in the courts of kings,
+    Will tell of fraud and never-ceasing hate,
+    Envy and heart-inquietude, derived
+    From intricate cabals of treacherous friends.
+    I, who on shipboard lived from earliest youth,              10
+    Could represent the countenance horrible
+    Of the vexed waters, and the indignant rage
+    Of Auster and Boötes. Fifty[1] years
+    Over the well-steered galleys did I rule:--
+    From huge Pelorus to the Atlantic pillars,                  15
+    Rises no mountain to mine eyes unknown;
+    And the broad gulfs I traversed oft and oft:
+    Of every cloud which in the heavens might stir
+    I knew the force; and hence the rough sea's pride
+    Availed not to my Vessel's overthrow.                       20
+    What noble pomp and frequent have not I
+    On regal decks beheld! yet in the end
+    I learned[2] that one poor moment can suffice
+    To equalise the lofty and the low.
+    We sail the sea of life--a _Calm_ One finds,                25
+    And One a _Tempest_--and, the voyage o'er,
+    Death is the quiet haven of us all.
+    If more of my condition ye would know,
+    Savona was my birth-place, and I sprang
+    Of noble parents: seventy[3] years and three                30
+    Lived I--then yielded to a slow disease.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... Forty ...                                      1809.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      I learn ...                                        1809.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... sixty ...                                      1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 28.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                     V
+
+    "TRUE IS IT THAT AMBROSIO SALINERO"
+
+              Published 1837
+
+
+    True is it that Ambrosio Salinero
+    With an untoward fate was long involved
+    In odious litigation; and full long,
+    Fate harder still! had he to endure assaults
+    Of racking malady. And true it is                            5
+    That not the less a frank courageous heart
+    And buoyant spirit triumphed over pain;
+    And he was strong to follow in the steps
+    Of the fair Muses. Not a covert path
+    Leads to the dear Parnassian forest's shade,                10
+    That might from him be hidden; not a track
+    Mounts to pellucid Hippocrene, but he
+    Had traced its windings.--This Savona knows,
+    Yet no sepulchral honours to her Son
+    She paid, for in our age the heart is ruled                 15
+    Only by gold. And now a simple stone
+    Inscribed with this memorial here is raised
+    By his bereft, his lonely, Chiabrera.
+    Think not, O Passenger! who read'st the lines
+    That an exceeding love hath dazzled me;                     20
+    No--he was One whose memory ought to spread
+    Where'er Permessus bears an honoured name,
+    And live as long as its pure stream shall flow.[A]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare S. T. Coleridge's poem, _A Tombless Epitaph_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                     VI
+
+    "DESTINED TO WAR FROM VERY INFANCY"
+
+             Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Destined to war from very infancy
+    Was I, Roberto Dati, and I took
+    In Malta the white symbol of the Cross:
+    Nor in life's vigorous season did I shun
+    Hazard or toil; among the sands was seen                     5
+    Of Libya; and not seldom, on the banks
+    Of wide Hungarian Danube, 'twas my lot
+    To hear the sanguinary trumpet sounded.
+    So lived I, and repined not at such fate:
+    This only grieves me, for it seems a wrong,                 10
+    That stripped of arms I to my end am brought
+    On the soft down of my paternal home.
+    Yet haply Arno shall be spared all cause
+    To blush for me. Thou, loiter not nor halt
+    In thy appointed way, and bear in mind                      15
+    How fleeting and how frail is human life!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 28.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         VII
+
+    "O FLOWER OF ALL THAT SPRINGS FROM GENTLE BLOOD"
+
+                   Published 1837
+
+
+    O flower of all that springs from gentle blood,
+    And all that generous nurture breeds to make
+    Youth amiable; O friend so true of soul
+    To fair Aglaia; by what envy moved,
+    Lelius! has death cut short thy brilliant day                5
+    In its sweet opening? and what dire mishap
+    Has from Savona torn her best delight?
+    For thee she mourns, nor e'er will cease to mourn;
+    And, should the out-pourings of her eyes suffice not
+    For her heart's grief, she will entreat Sebeto              10
+    Not to withhold his bounteous aid, Sebeto
+    Who saw thee, on his margin, yield to death,
+    In the chaste arms of thy belovèd Love!
+    What profit riches? what does youth avail?
+    Dust are our hopes;--I, weeping bitterly,                   15
+    Penned these sad lines, nor can forbear to pray
+    That every gentle Spirit hither led
+    May read them not without some bitter tears.
+
+
+
+
+                      VIII
+
+    "NOT WITHOUT HEAVY GRIEF OF HEART DID HE"
+
+               Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    Not without heavy grief of heart did He
+    On whom the duty fell (for at that time
+    The father sojourned in a distant land)
+    Deposit in the hollow of this tomb
+    A brother's Child, most tenderly beloved!                    5
+    FRANCESCO was the name the Youth had borne,
+    POZZOBONNELLI his illustrious house;
+    And, when beneath this stone the Corse was laid,
+    The eyes of all Savona streamed with tears.
+    Alas! the twentieth April of his life                       10
+    Had scarcely flowered: and at this early time,
+    By genuine virtue he inspired a hope
+    That greatly cheered his country: to his kin
+    He promised comfort; and the flattering thoughts
+    His friends had in their fondness entertained,[B]           15
+    He suffered not to languish or decay.
+    Now is there not good reason to break forth
+    Into a passionate lament?--O Soul!
+    Short while a Pilgrim in our nether world,
+    Do thou enjoy the calm empyreal air;                        20
+    And round this earthly tomb let roses rise,
+    An everlasting spring! in memory
+    Of that delightful fragrance which was once
+    From thy mild manners quietly exhaled.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, January 4.--ED.
+
+[B] In justice to the Author I subjoin the original--
+
+                     ... e degli amici
+      Non lasciava languire i bei pensieri.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+                         IX
+
+    "PAUSE, COURTEOUS SPIRIT!--BALBI SUPPLICATES"[A]
+
+                 Published 1810[B]
+
+
+    Pause, courteous Spirit!--Balbi supplicates
+    That Thou, with no reluctant voice, for him
+    Here laid in mortal darkness, wouldst prefer
+    A prayer to the Redeemer of the world.
+    This to the dead by sacred right belongs;                    5
+    All else is nothing.--Did occasion suit
+    To tell his worth, the marble of this tomb
+    Would ill suffice: for Plato's lore sublime,
+    And all the wisdom of the Stagyrite,
+    Enriched and beautified his studious mind:                  10
+    With Archimedes also he conversed
+    As with a chosen friend; nor did he leave
+    Those laureat wreaths ungathered which the Nymphs
+    Twine near their loved Permessus.[1]--Finally,
+    Himself above each lower thought uplifting,                 15
+    His ears he closed to listen to the songs[2]
+    Which Sion's Kings did consecrate of old;
+    And his Permessus found on Lebanon.[3]
+    A blessèd Man! who of protracted days
+    Made not, as thousands do, a vulgar sleep;                  20
+    But truly did _He_ live his life. Urbino,
+    Take pride in him!--O Passenger, farewell!
+
+
+I have been unable to obtain any definite information in reference to
+the persons commemorated in these epitaphs by Chiabrera: Francesco Ceni,
+Titus, Ambrosio Salinero, Roberto Dati, Lelius, Francesco Pozzobonnelli,
+and Balbi. Mr. W. M. Rossetti writes to me that he "supposes all the men
+named by Chiabrera to be such as enjoyed a certain local and temporary
+reputation, which has hardly passed down to any sort of posterity, and
+certainly not to the ordinary English reader."
+
+Chiabrera was born at Savona on the 8th of June 1552, and educated at
+Rome. He entered the service of Cardinal Cornaro, married in his 50th
+year, lived to the age of 85, and died October 14, 1637. His poetical
+faculty showed itself late. "Having commenced to read the Greek writers
+at home, he conceived a great admiration for Pindar, and strove
+successfully to imitate him. He was not less happy in catching the naïve
+and pleasant spirit of Anacreon; his canzonetti being distinguished for
+their ease and elegance, while his _Lettere Famigliari_ was the first
+attempt to introduce the poetical epistle into Italian Literature. He
+wrote also several epics, bucolics, and dramatic poems. His _Opere_
+appeared at Venice, in 6 vols., in 1768."
+
+Wordsworth says of him, in his _Essay on Epitaphs_, where translations
+of two of those Epitaphs of Chiabrera first appeared (see _The Friend_,
+February 22, 1810, and notes to _The Excursion_)--"His life was long,
+and every part of it bore appropriate fruits. Urbino, his birth-place,
+might be proud of him, and the passenger who was entreated to pray for
+his soul has a wish breathed for his welfare.... The Epitaphs of
+Chiabrera are twenty-nine in number, and all of them, save two, upon men
+probably little known at this day in their own country, and scarcely at
+all beyond the limits of it; and the reader is generally made acquainted
+with the moral and intellectual excellence which distinguished them by a
+brief history of the course of their lives, or a selection of events and
+circumstances, and thus they are individualized; but in the two other
+instances, namely, in those of Tasso and Raphael, he enters into no
+particulars, but contents himself with four lines expressing one
+sentiment, upon the principle laid down in the former part of this
+discourse, when the subject of the epitaph is a man of prime note...."
+
+Compare the poem _Musings near Aquapendente_. In reference to the places
+referred to in these Epitaphs of Chiabrera, it may be mentioned that
+Savona (Epitaphs III., IV., V., VII., VIII.) is a town in the Genovese
+territory; Permessus (Epitaphs V. and IX.) a river of Boeotia, rising
+in Mount Helicon and flowing round it, hence sacred to the Muses; and
+that the fountain of Hippocrene--also referred to in Epitaph V.--was not
+far distant. Sebeto (Epitaph VII.), now cape Faro, is a Sicilian
+promontory.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Twine on the top of Pindus.-- ...                  1810.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... Song                                           1810.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      And fixed his Pindus upon Lebanon.                 1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Wordsworth's extended commentary on this sonnet in his _Essay on
+Epitaphs_ (see his "Prose Works" in this edition), should here be
+referred to.--ED.
+
+[B] In _The Friend_, January 4.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1810
+
+
+As indicated in the editorial note to the poems belonging to the year
+1809, those of 1810 were mainly sonnets, suggested by the events
+occurring on the Continent of Europe, and the patriotic efforts of the
+Spaniards to resist Napoleon. I have assigned the two referring to
+Flamininus, entitled _On a Celebrated Event in Ancient History_, to the
+same year. They were first published in 1815, and seem to have been due
+to the same impulse which led Wordsworth to write the "Sonnets dedicated
+to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"AH! WHERE IS PALAFOX? NOR TONGUE NOR PEN"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+All the sonnets of 1810 were "dedicated to Liberty." In every edition
+this poem had for its title the date _1810_.--ED.
+
+
+    Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen
+    Reports of him, his dwelling or his grave!
+    Does yet the unheard-of vessel ride the wave?
+    Or is she swallowed up, remote from ken
+    Of pitying human-nature? Once again                          5
+    Methinks that we shall hail thee, Champion brave,
+    Redeemed to baffle that imperial Slave,
+    And through all Europe cheer desponding men
+    With new-born hope. Unbounded is the might
+    Of martyrdom, and fortitude, and right.                     10
+    Hark, how thy Country triumphs!--Smilingly
+    The Eternal looks upon her sword that gleams,
+    Like his own lightning, over mountains high,
+    On rampart, and the banks of all her streams.
+
+
+See notes to sonnets (pp. 223 and 229).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"IN DUE OBSERVANCE OF AN ANCIENT RITE"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    In due observance of an ancient rite,
+    The rude Biscayans, when their children lie
+    Dead in the sinless time of infancy,
+    Attire the peaceful corse in vestments white;
+    And, in like sign of cloudless triumph bright,               5
+    They bind the unoffending creature's brows
+    With happy garlands of the pure white rose:
+    Then do[1] a festal company unite
+    In choral song; and, while the uplifted cross
+    Of Jesus goes before, the child is borne                    10
+    Uncovered to his grave: 'tis closed,--her loss
+    The Mother _then_ mourns, as she needs must mourn;
+    But soon, through Christian faith, is grief subdued;[2]
+    And joy returns, to brighten fortitude.[3]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      This done, ...                                     1815.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      Uncovered to his grave.--Her piteous loss
+      The lonesome Mother cannot chuse but mourn;
+      Yet soon by Christian faith is grief subdued,      1815.
+
+[3] C. and 1838.
+
+      And joy attends upon her fortitude.                1815.
+
+      Or joy returns to brighten fortitude.              1837.
+
+
+
+
+FEELINGS OF A NOBLE BISCAYAN AT ONE OF THOSE FUNERALS, 1810
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Yet, yet, Biscayans! we must meet our Foes
+    With firmer soul, yet labour to regain
+    Our ancient freedom; else 'twere worse than vain
+    To gather round the bier these festal shows.
+    A garland fashioned of the pure white rose                   5
+    Becomes not one whose father is a slave:
+    Oh, bear the infant covered to his grave!
+    These venerable mountains now enclose
+    A people sunk in apathy and fear.
+    If this endure, farewell, for us, all good!                 10
+    The awful light of heavenly innocence
+    Will fail to illuminate the infant's bier;
+    And guilt and shame, from which is no defence,
+    Descend on all that issues from our blood.
+
+
+
+
+ON A CELEBRATED EVENT IN ANCIENT HISTORY
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    A Roman Master stands on Grecian ground,
+    And to the people at the Isthmian Games
+    Assembled, He, by a herald's voice, proclaims[1]
+    THE LIBERTY OF GREECE:--the words rebound
+    Until all voices in one voice are drowned;                   5
+    Glad acclamation by which air was[2] rent!
+    And birds, high flying in the element,
+    Dropped[3] to the earth, astonished at the sound!
+    Yet were the thoughtful grieved; and still that voice
+    Haunts, with sad echoes, musing Fancy's ear:[4]             10
+    Ah! that a _Conqueror's_ words[5] should be so dear:
+    Ah! that a _boon_ could shed such rapturous joys!
+    A gift of that which is not to be given
+    By all the blended powers of Earth and Heaven.
+
+
+This "Roman Master" "on Grecian ground" was T. Quintius Flamininus, one
+of the ablest and noblest of the Roman generals (230-174 B.C.). He was
+successful against Philip of Macedon, overran Thessaly in 198, and
+conquered the Macedonian army in 197, defeating Philip at Cynoscephalæ.
+He concluded a peace with the vanquished. "In the spring of 196, the
+Roman commission arrived in Greece to arrange, conjointly with
+Flamininus, the affairs of the country: they also brought with them the
+terms on which a definite peace was to be concluded with Philip.... The
+Ætolians exerted themselves to excite suspicions among the Greeks as to
+the sincerity of the Romans in their dealings with them. Flamininus,
+however, insisted upon immediate compliance with the terms of the
+peace.... In this summer, the Isthmian games were celebrated at Corinth,
+and thousands from all parts of Greece flocked thither. Flamininus,
+accompanied by the ten commissioners, entered the assembly, and, at his
+command, a herald, in name of the Roman Senate, proclaimed the freedom
+and independence of Greece. The joy and enthusiasm at this unexpected
+declaration was beyond all description: the throngs of people that
+crowded around Flamininus to catch a sight of their liberator or touch
+his garment were so enormous, that even his life was endangered."
+(Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_: Art. Flamininus, No.
+4.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      And to the Concourse of the Isthmian Games
+      He, by his Herald's voice, aloud proclaims         1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      Drop ...                                           1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[4] 1837.
+
+                           ... at the sound!
+      --A melancholy Echo of that noise
+      Doth sometimes hang on musing Fancy's ear:         1815.
+
+[5] 1815.
+
+      ... word ...                                       1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+
+
+
+UPON THE SAME EVENT
+
+Composed (probably) 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    When, far and wide, swift as the beams of morn
+    The tidings passed of servitude repealed,
+    And of that joy which shook the Isthmian Field,
+    The rough Ætolians smiled with bitter scorn.
+    "'Tis known," cried they, "that he, who would adorn
+    His envied temples with the Isthmian crown,                  6
+    Must either win, through effort of his own,
+    The prize, or be content to see it worn
+    By more deserving brows.--Yet so ye prop,
+    Sons of the brave who fought at Marathon,                   10
+    Your feeble spirits! Greece her head hath bowed,
+    As if the wreath of liberty thereon
+    Would fix itself as smoothly as a cloud,
+    Which, at Jove's will, descends on Pelion's top."
+
+
+The Ætolians were the only Greeks that entertained suspicion of the
+Roman designs from the first. When Flamininus was wintering in Phocis in
+196, and an insurrection broke out at Opus, some of the citizens had
+called in the aid of the Ætolians against the Macedonian garrison; but
+the gates of the city were not opened to admit the Ætolian volunteers
+till Flamininus arrived. Then in the battle at the heights of
+Cynoscephalæ, where the Macedonian army was routed, the Ætolian
+contingent, which had helped Flamininus, claimed the sole credit of the
+victory; and wished no truce made with Philip, as they were bent on the
+destruction of the Macedonian power. The Ætolians aimed subsequently at
+exciting suspicion against the sincerity of Flamininus. In the second
+sonnet, Wordsworth's sympathy seems to have been with the Ætolians, as
+much as it was with the Swiss and the Tyrolese in their attitude to
+Buonaparte. But Flamininus was not a Napoleon.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE OAK OF GUERNICA
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+The ancient oak of Guernica, says Laborde in his account of Biscay, is a
+  most venerable natural monument. Ferdinand and Isabella, in the year
+  1476, after hearing mass in the church of Santa Maria de la Antigua,
+  repaired to this tree, under which they swore to the Biscayans to
+  maintain their _fueros_ (privileges). What other interest belongs to
+  it in the minds of this people will appear from the following
+
+
+      SUPPOSED ADDRESS TO THE SAME. 1810
+
+    Oak of Guernica! Tree of holier power
+    Than that which in Dodona did enshrine
+    (So faith too fondly deemed) a voice divine
+    Heard from the depths of its aërial bower--
+    How canst thou flourish at this blighting hour?              5
+    What hope, what joy can sunshine bring to thee,
+    Or the soft breezes from the Atlantic sea,
+    The dews of morn, or April's tender shower?
+    Stroke merciful and welcome would that be
+    Which should extend thy branches on the ground,             10
+    If never more within their shady round
+    Those lofty-minded Lawgivers shall meet,
+    Peasant and lord, in their appointed seat,
+    Guardians of Biscay's ancient liberty.
+
+
+Prophetic power was believed to reside within the grove which surrounded
+the temple of Jupiter near Dodona, in Epirus, and oracles were given
+forth from the boughs of the sacred oak.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+INDIGNATION OF A HIGH-MINDED SPANIARD, 1810
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    We can endure that He should waste our lands,
+    Despoil our temples, and by sword and flame
+    Return us to the dust from which we came;
+    Such food a Tyrant's appetite demands:
+    And we can brook the thought that by his hands               5
+    Spain may be overpowered, and he possess,
+    For his delight, a solemn wilderness
+    Where all the brave lie dead. But, when of bands
+    Which he will break for us he dares to speak,
+    Of benefits, and of a future day                            10
+    When our enlightened minds shall bless his sway;
+    _Then_, the strained heart of fortitude proves weak;
+    Our groans, our blushes, our pale cheeks declare
+    That he has power to inflict what we lack strength to bear.
+
+
+Compare the two sonnets _On a Celebrated Event in Ancient History_ (pp.
+242-44). The following note to the last line of this sonnet occurs in
+Professor Reed's American edition of the Poems:--"The student of English
+poetry will call to mind Cowley's impassioned expression of the
+indignation of a Briton under the depression of disasters somewhat
+similar.
+
+                 Let rather Roman come again,
+                 Or Saxon, Norman, or the Dane:
+                 In all the bonds we ever bore,
+      We grieved, we sighed, we wept, _we never blushed before_."
+
+See Cowley's _Discourse on the Government of Oliver Cromwell_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"AVAUNT ALL SPECIOUS PLIANCY OF MIND"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind
+    In men of low degree, all smooth pretence!
+    I better like a blunt indifference,
+    And self-respecting slowness, disinclined
+    To win me at first sight: and be there joined                5
+    Patience and temperance with this high reserve,
+    Honour that knows the path and will not swerve;
+    Affections, which, if put to proof, are kind;
+    And piety towards God. Such men of old
+    Were England's native growth; and, throughout Spain,
+    (Thanks to high God) forests of such remain:[1]             11
+    Then for that Country let our hopes be bold;
+    For matched with these shall policy prove vain,
+    Her arts, her strength, her iron, and her gold.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Forests of such do at this day remain;             1815.
+
+
+
+
+"O'ERWEENING STATESMEN HAVE FULL LONG RELIED"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+In all the editions this poem has for its title the date _1810_.--ED.
+
+
+    O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied
+    On fleets and armies, and external wealth:
+    But from _within_ proceeds a Nation's health;
+    Which shall not fail, though poor men cleave with pride
+    To the paternal floor; or turn aside,                        5
+    In the thronged city, from the walks of gain,
+    As being all unworthy to detain
+    A Soul by contemplation sanctified.
+    There are who cannot languish in this strife,
+    Spaniards of every rank, by whom the good                   10
+    Of such high course was felt and understood;
+    Who to their Country's cause have bound a life
+    Erewhile, by solemn consecration, given
+    To labour, and to prayer, to nature, and to heaven.[A]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Laborde's Character of the Spanish People; from him the
+sentiment of these two last lines is taken.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+THE FRENCH AND THE SPANISH GUERILLAS
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Hunger, and sultry heat, and nipping blast
+    From bleak hill-top, and length of march by night
+    Through heavy swamp, or over snow-clad height--
+    These hardships ill-sustained, these dangers past,
+    The roving Spanish Bands are reached at last,                5
+    Charged, and dispersed like foam: but as a flight
+    Of scattered quails by signs do reunite,
+    So these,--and, heard of once again, are chased
+    With combinations of long-practised art
+    And newly-kindled hope; but they are fled--                 10
+    Gone are they, viewless as the buried dead:
+    Where now?--Their sword is at the Foeman's heart!
+    And thus from year to year his walk they thwart,
+    And hang like dreams around his guilty bed.
+
+
+See the note appended to the sonnet entitled _Spanish Guerillas_ (p.
+254).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+MATERNAL GRIEF
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1842
+
+
+[This was in part an overflow from the Solitary's description of his own
+and his wife's feelings upon the decease of their children. (See
+_Excursion_, book 3rd.)--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems founded on the Affections."--ED.
+
+
+    Departed Child! I could forget thee once
+    Though at my bosom nursed; this woeful gain
+    Thy dissolution brings, that in my soul
+    Is present and perpetually abides
+    A shadow, never, never to be displaced                       5
+    By the returning substance, seen or touched,
+    Seen by mine eyes, or clasped in my embrace.
+    Absence and death how differ they! and how
+    Shall I admit that nothing can restore
+    What one short sigh so easily removed?--                    10
+    Death, life, and sleep, reality and thought,
+    Assist me, God, their boundaries to know,
+    O teach me calm submission to thy Will!
+
+      The Child she mourned had overstepped the pale
+    Of Infancy, but still did breathe the air                   15
+    That sanctifies its confines, and partook
+    Reflected beams of that celestial light[A]
+    To all the Little-ones on sinful earth
+    Not unvouchsafed--a light that warmed and cheered
+    Those several qualities of heart and mind                   20
+    Which, in her own blest nature, rooted deep,
+    Daily before the Mother's watchful eye,
+    And not hers only, their peculiar charms
+    Unfolded,--beauty, for its present self,
+    And for its promises to future years,                       25
+    With not unfrequent rapture fondly hailed.
+
+      Have you espied upon a dewy lawn
+    A pair of Leverets each provoking each
+    To a continuance of their fearless sport,
+    Two separate Creatures in their several gifts               30
+    Abounding, but so fashioned that, in all
+    That Nature prompts them to display, their looks,
+    Their starts of motion and their fits of rest,
+    An undistinguishable style appears
+    And character of gladness, as if Spring                     35
+    Lodged in their innocent bosoms, and the spirit
+    Of the rejoicing morning were their own?
+
+      Such union, in the lovely Girl maintained
+    And her twin Brother, had the parent seen,
+    Ere, pouncing like a ravenous bird of prey,                 40
+    Death in a moment parted them, and left
+    The Mother, in her turns of anguish, worse
+    Than desolate; for oft-times from the sound
+    Of the survivor's sweetest voice (dear child,
+    He knew it not) and from his happiest looks,                45
+    Did she extract the food of self-reproach,
+    As one that lived ungrateful for the stay
+    By Heaven afforded to uphold her maimed
+    And tottering spirit. And full oft the Boy,
+    Now first acquainted with distress and grief,               50
+    Shrunk from his Mother's presence, shunned with fear
+    Her sad approach, and stole away to find,
+    In his known haunts of joy where'er he might,
+    A more congenial object. But, as time
+    Softened her pangs and reconciled the child                 55
+    To what he saw, he gradually returned,
+    Like a scared Bird encouraged to renew
+    A broken intercourse; and, while his eyes
+    Were yet with pensive fear and gentle awe
+    Turned upon her who bore him, she would stoop               60
+    To imprint a kiss that lacked not power to spread
+    Faint colour over both their pallid cheeks,
+    And stilled his tremulous lip. Thus they were calmed
+    And cheered; and now together breathe fresh air
+    In open fields; and when the glare of day                   65
+    Is gone, and twilight to the Mother's wish
+    Befriends the observance, readily they join
+    In walks whose boundary is the lost One's grave,
+    Which he with flowers hath planted, finding there
+    Amusement, where the Mother does not miss                   70
+    Dear consolation, kneeling on the turf
+    In prayer, yet blending with that solemn rite
+    Of pious faith the vanities of grief;
+    For such, by pitying Angels and by Spirits
+    Transferred to regions upon which the clouds                75
+    Of our weak nature rest not, must be deemed
+    Those willing tears, and unforbidden sighs,
+    And all those tokens of a cherished sorrow,
+    Which, soothed and sweetened by the grace of Heaven
+    As now it is, seems to her own fond heart,                  80
+    Immortal as the love that gave it being.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the _Ode, Intimations of Immortality_, l. 4, and _passim_
+(vol. viii.)--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1811
+
+
+In the spring of 1811 Wordsworth left Allan Bank, to reside for two
+years in the Rectory, Grasmere. A small fragment on his daughter
+Catherine, the _Epistle to Sir George Beaumont, Bart., from the
+south-west coast of Cumberland_, the lines _To the Poet, John Dyer_, and
+four sonnets (mainly suggested by the events of the year in Spain)
+comprise all the poems belonging to 1811.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHILD THREE YEARS OLD
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Allanbank, Grasmere. Picture of my daughter, Catherine, who
+died the year after.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    Loving she is, and tractable, though wild;
+    And Innocence hath privilege in her
+    To dignify arch looks and laughing eyes;
+    And feats of cunning; and the pretty round
+    Of trespasses, affected to provoke                           5
+    Mock-chastisement and partnership in play.
+    And, as a faggot sparkles on the hearth,
+    Not less if unattended and alone
+    Than when both young and old sit gathered round
+    And take delight in its activity;                           10
+    Even so this happy Creature of herself
+    Is all-sufficient; solitude to her
+    Is blithe society, who fills the air
+    With gladness and involuntary songs.
+    Light are her sallies as the tripping fawn's                15
+    Forth-startled from the fern where she lay couched;
+    Unthought-of, unexpected, as the stir
+    Of the soft breeze ruffling the meadow-flowers,
+    Or from before it chasing wantonly
+    The many-coloured images imprest                            20
+    Upon the bosom of a placid lake.
+
+
+On February 28, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady Beaumont,
+"Catherine is the only funny child in the family; the rest of the
+children are _lively_, but Catherine is comical in every look and
+motion. Thomas perpetually forces a tender smile by his simplicity, but
+Catherine makes you laugh outright, though she can hardly say a dozen
+words, and she joins in the laugh, as if sensible of the drollery of her
+appearance."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+SPANISH GUERILLAS, 1811
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    They seek, are sought; to daily battle led,
+    Shrink not, though far outnumbered by their Foes,
+    For they have learnt to open and to close
+    The ridges of grim war;[A] and at their head
+    Are captains such as erst their country bred                 5
+    Or fostered, self-supported chiefs,--like those
+    Whom hardy Rome was fearful to oppose;
+    Whose desperate shock the Carthaginian fled.
+    In One who lived unknown a shepherd's life
+    Redoubted Viriatus breathes again;[B]                       10
+    And Mina, nourished in the studious shade,[C]
+    With that great Leader[D] vies, who, sick of strife
+    And bloodshed, longed in quiet to be laid
+    In some green island of the western main.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Paradise Lost_, book vi. ll. 235-36--
+
+                  and when to close
+      The ridges of grim war.                              ED.
+
+[B] Viriatus, for eight or fourteen years leader of the Lusitanians in
+the war with the Romans in the middle of the second century B.C. He
+defeated many of the Roman generals, including Q. Pompeius. Some of the
+historians say that he was originally a shepherd, and then a robber or
+guerilla chieftain. (See Livy, books 52 and 54.)--ED.
+
+[C] "Whilst the chief force of the French was occupied in Portugal and
+Andalusia, and there remained in the interior of Spain only a few weak
+corps, the Guerilla system took deep root, and in the course of 1811
+attained its greatest perfection. Left to itself the boldest and most
+enterprising of its members rose to command, and the mode of warfare
+best adapted to their force and habits was pursued. Each province
+boasted of a hero, in command of a formidable band--Old Castile, Don
+Julian Sanches; Aragon, Longa; Navarre, Esprez y Mina, ... with
+innumerable others, whose deeds spread a lustre over every part of the
+kingdom.... Mina and Longa headed armies of 6000 or 8000 men with
+distinguished ability, and displayed manoeuvres oftentimes for months
+together, in baffling the pursuit of more numerous bodies of French,
+which would reflect credit on the most celebrated commanders." Mina had
+been trained for clerical life. (See _Account of the War in Spain and
+Portugal, and in the south of France, from 1808 to 1814 inclusive_, by
+Lieut.-Colonel John T. Jones. London, 1818.)--ED.
+
+[D] Sertorius.--W. W. 1827. See note to _The Prelude_ book i. vol. iii.
+p. 138.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"THE POWER OF ARMIES IS A VISIBLE THING"
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."
+
+
+    The power of Armies is a visible thing,[A]
+    Formal, and circumscribed in time and space;[1]
+    But who the limits of that power shall trace[2]
+    Which a brave People into light can bring
+    Or hide, at will,--for freedom combating                     5
+    By just revenge inflamed? No foot may chase,[3]
+    No eye can follow, to a fatal[4] place
+    That power, that spirit, whether on the wing
+    Like the strong wind, or sleeping like the wind
+    Within its awful caves.--From year to year                  10
+    Springs this indigenous produce far and near;
+    No craft this subtle element can bind,
+    Rising like water from the soil, to find
+    In every nook a lip that it may cheer.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      ... and place;                                     1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... can trace                                      1815.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      ... can chase,                                     1815.
+
+[4] The word "fatal" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815-43.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Aubrey de Vere's _Picturesque Sketches of Greece and
+Turkey_, vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HERE PAUSE: THE POET CLAIMS AT LEAST THIS PRAISE"
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty." In 1815 it was called
+_Conclusion_, as ending this series of poems in that edition. In all
+editions it was headed by the date _1811_.--ED.
+
+
+    Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise,
+    That virtuous Liberty hath been the scope
+    Of his pure song, which did not shrink from hope
+    In the worst moment of these evil days;
+    From hope, the paramount _duty_ that Heaven lays,            5
+    For its own honour, on man's suffering heart.[A]
+    Never may from our souls one truth depart--
+    That an accursed[1] thing it is to gaze
+    On prosperous tyrants with a dazzled eye;
+    Nor--touched with due abhorrence of _their_ guilt           10
+    For whose dire ends tears flow, and blood is spilt,
+    And justice labours in extremity--
+    Forget thy weakness, upon which is built,
+    O wretched man, the throne of tyranny!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] The word "accursed" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815-43.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Excursion_ (book iv. l. 763)--
+
+      We live by Admiration, Hope, and Love,
+
+and S. T. C. in _The Friend_ (vol. i. p. 172). "What an awful duty, what
+a nurse of all others, the fairest virtues, does not Hope become! We are
+bad ourselves, because we despair of the goodness of others."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+EPISTLE TO SIR GEORGE HOWLAND BEAUMONT, BART.
+
+FROM THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF CUMBERLAND.--1811
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1842
+
+
+[This poem opened, when first written, with a paragraph that has been
+transferred as an introduction to the first series of my Scotch
+Memorials. The journey, of which the first part is here described, was
+from Grasmere to Bootle on the south-west coast of Cumberland, the whole
+among mountain roads through a beautiful country; and we had fine
+weather. The verses end with our breakfast at the head of Yewdale in a
+yeoman's house, which, like all the other property in that sequestered
+vale, has passed or is passing into the hands of Mr. James Marshall of
+Monk Coniston--in Mr. Knott's, the late owner's, time called Waterhead.
+Our hostess married a Mr. Oldfield, a lieutenant in the Navy. They lived
+together for some time at Hacket, where she still resides as his widow.
+It was in front of that house, on the mountain side, near which stood
+the peasant who, while we were passing at a distance, saluted us, waving
+a kerchief in her hand as described in the poem.[A] (This matron and her
+husband were then residing at the Hacket. The house and its inmates are
+referred to in the fifth book of _The Excursion_, in the passage
+beginning--
+
+                                    You behold,
+      High on the breast of yon dark mountain, dark
+      With stony barrenness, a shining speck.--J. C.)[B]
+
+The dog which we met with soon after our starting belonged to Mr.
+Rowlandson, who for forty years was curate of Grasmere in place of the
+rector who lived to extreme old age in a state of insanity. Of this Mr.
+R. much might be said, both with reference to his character, and the way
+in which he was regarded by his parishioners. He was a man of a robust
+frame, had a firm voice and authoritative manner, of strong natural
+talents, of which he was himself conscious, for he has been heard to say
+(it grieves me to add) with an oath--"If I had been brought up at
+college I should have been a bishop." Two vices used to struggle in him
+for mastery, avarice and the love of strong drink; but avarice, as is
+common in like cases, always got the better of its opponent; for, though
+he was often intoxicated, it was never I believe at his own expense. As
+has been said of one in a more exalted station, he would take any
+_given_ quantity. I have heard a story of him which is worth the
+telling. One summer's morning, our Grasmere curate, after a night's
+carouse in the vale of Langdale, on his return home, having reached a
+point near which the whole of the vale of Grasmere might be seen with
+the lake immediately below him, stepped aside and sat down on the turf.
+After looking for some time at the landscape, then in the perfection of
+its morning beauty, he exclaimed--"Good God, that I should have led so
+long such a life in such a place!" This no doubt was deeply felt by him
+at the time, but I am not authorised to say that any noticeable
+amendment followed. Penuriousness strengthened upon him as his body grew
+feebler with age. He had purchased property and kept some land in his
+own hands, but he could not find in his heart to lay out the necessary
+hire for labourers at the proper season, and consequently he has often
+been seen in half-dotage working his hay in the month of November by
+moonlight, a melancholy sight which I myself have witnessed.
+Notwithstanding all that has been said, this man, on account of his
+talents and superior education, was looked up to by his parishioners,
+who without a single exception lived at that time (and most of them upon
+their own small inheritances) in a state of republican equality, a
+condition favourable to the growth of kindly feelings among them, and
+in a striking degree exclusive to temptations to gross vice and
+scandalous behaviour. As a pastor their curate did little or nothing for
+them; but what could more strikingly set forth the efficacy of the
+Church of England through its Ordinances and Liturgy than that, in spite
+of the unworthiness of the minister, his church was regularly attended;
+and, though there was not much appearance in the flock of what might be
+called animated piety, intoxication was rare, and dissolute morals
+unknown. With the Bible they were for the most part well acquainted;
+and, as was strikingly shown when they were under affliction, must have
+been supported and comforted by habitual belief in those truths which it
+is the aim of the Church to inculcate. _Loughrigg Tarn._--This beautiful
+pool and the surrounding scene are minutely described in my little Book
+upon the Lakes. Sir G. H. Beaumont, in the earlier part of his life, was
+induced, by his love of nature and the art of painting, to take up his
+abode at Old Brathay, about three miles from this spot, so that he must
+have seen it under many aspects; and he was so much pleased with it that
+he purchased the Tarn with a view to build, near it, such a residence as
+is alluded to in this Epistle. Baronets and knights were not so common
+in that day as now, and Sir Michael le Fleming, not liking to have a
+rival in that kind of distinction so near him, claimed a sort of
+Lordship over the territory, and showed dispositions little in unison
+with those of Sir G. Beaumont, who was eminently a lover of peace. The
+project of building was in consequence given up, Sir George retaining
+possession of the Tarn. Many years afterwards a Kendal tradesman born
+upon its banks applied to me for the purchase of it, and accordingly it
+was sold for the sum that had been given for it, and the money was laid
+out under my direction upon a substantial oak fence for a certain number
+of yew trees to be planted in Grasmere church-yard; two were planted in
+each enclosure, with a view to remove, after a certain time, the one
+which throve least. After several years, the stouter plant being left,
+the others were taken up and placed in other parts of the same
+church-yard, and were adequately fenced at the expense and under the
+care of the late Mr. Barber, Mr. Greenwood, and myself: the whole eight
+are now thriving, and are already an ornament to a place which, during
+late years, has lost much of its rustic simplicity by the introduction
+of iron palisades to fence off family burying-grounds, and by numerous
+monuments, some of them in very bad taste; from which this place of
+burial was in my memory quite free. See the lines in the sixth book of
+_The Excursion_ beginning--"Green is the church-yard, beautiful and
+green." The _Epistle_ to which these notes refer, though written so far
+back as 1804,[C] was carefully revised so late as 1842, previous to its
+publication. I am loth to add, that it was never seen by the person to
+whom it is addressed. So sensible am I of the deficiencies in all that I
+write, and so far does everything I attempt fall short of what I wish it
+to be, that even private publication, if such a term may be allowed,
+requires more resolution than I can command. I have written to give vent
+to my own mind, and not without hope that, some time or other, kindred
+minds might benefit by my labours: but I am inclined to believe I should
+never have ventured to send forth any verses of mine to the world if it
+had not been done on the pressure of personal occasions. Had I been a
+rich man, my productions, like this _Epistle_, the tragedy of _The
+Borderers_, etc., would most likely have been confined to
+manuscript.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Far from our home by Grasmere's quiet Lake,
+    From the Vale's peace which all her fields partake,
+    Here on the bleakest point of Cumbria's shore
+    We sojourn stunned by Ocean's ceaseless roar;
+    While, day by day, grim neighbour! huge Black Comb
+    Frowns deepening visibly his native gloom,                   6
+    Unless, perchance rejecting in despite
+    What on the Plain _we_ have of warmth and light,
+    In his own storms he hides himself from sight.
+    Rough is the time; and thoughts, that would be free         10
+    From heaviness, oft fly, dear Friend, to thee;
+    Turn from a spot where neither sheltered road
+    Nor hedge-row screen invites my steps abroad;
+    Where one poor Plane-tree, having as it might
+    Attained a stature twice a tall man's height,               15
+    Hopeless of further growth, and brown and sere
+    Through half the summer, stands with top cut sheer,
+    Like an unshifting weathercock which proves
+    How cold the quarter that the wind best loves,
+    Or like a Centinel[1] that, evermore                        20
+    Darkening the window, ill defends the door
+    Of this unfinished house--a Fortress bare,
+    Where strength has been the Builder's only care;
+    Whose rugged walls may still for years demand
+    The final polish of the Plasterer's hand.                   25
+    --This Dwelling's Inmate more than three weeks' space
+    And oft a Prisoner in the cheerless place,
+    I--of whose touch the fiddle would complain,
+    Whose breath would labour at the flute in vain,
+    In music all unversed, nor blessed with skill               30
+    A bridge to copy, or to paint a mill,
+    Tired of my books, a scanty company!
+    And tired of listening to the boisterous sea--
+    Pace between door and window muttering rhyme,
+    An old resource to cheat a froward time!                    35
+    Though these dull hours (mine is it, or their shame?)
+    Would tempt me to renounce that humble aim.
+    --But if there be a Muse who, free to take
+    Her seat upon Olympus, doth forsake
+    Those heights (like Phoebus when his golden locks           40
+    He veiled, attendant on Thessalian flocks)
+    And, in disguise, a Milkmaid with her pail
+    Trips down the pathways of some winding dale;
+    Or, like a Mermaid, warbles on the shores
+    To fishers mending nets beside their doors;                 45
+    Or, Pilgrim-like, on forest moss reclined,
+    Gives plaintive ditties to the heedless wind,
+    Or listens to its play among the boughs
+    Above her head and so forgets her vows--
+    If such a Visitant of Earth there be                        50
+    And she would deign this day to smile on me
+    And aid my verse, content with local bounds
+    Of natural beauty and life's daily rounds,
+    Thoughts, chances, sights, or doings, which we tell
+    Without reserve to those whom we love well--                55
+    Then haply, Beaumont! words in current clear
+    Will flow, and on a welcome page appear
+    Duly before thy sight, unless they perish here.
+
+      What shall I treat of? News from Mona's Isle?
+    Such have we, but unvaried in its style;                    60
+    No tales of Runagates fresh landed, whence
+    And wherefore fugitive or on what pretence;
+    Of feasts, or scandal, eddying like the wind
+    Most restlessly alive when most confined.
+    Ask not of me, whose tongue can best appease                65
+    The mighty tumults of the HOUSE OF KEYS;
+    The last year's cup whose Ram or Heifer gained,
+    What slopes are planted, or what mosses drained:
+    An eye of fancy only can I cast
+    On that proud pageant now at hand or past,                  70
+    When full five hundred boats in trim array,
+    With nets and sails outspread and streamers gay,
+    And chanted hymns and stiller voice of prayer,
+    For the old Manx-harvest to the Deep repair,
+    Soon as the herring-shoals at distance shine                75
+    Like beds of moonlight shifting on the brine.
+
+      Mona from our Abode is daily seen,
+    But with a wilderness of waves between;
+    And by conjecture only can we speak
+    Of aught transacted there in bay or creek;                  80
+    No tidings reach us thence from town or field,
+    Only faint news her mountain sunbeams yield,
+    And some we gather from the misty air,
+    And some the hovering clouds, our telegraph, declare.
+    But these poetic mysteries I withhold;                      85
+    For Fancy hath her fits both hot and cold,
+    And should the colder fit with You be on
+    When You might read, my credit would be gone.
+
+      Let more substantial themes the pen engage,
+    And nearer interests culled from the opening stage          90
+    Of our migration.--Ere the welcome dawn
+    Had from the east her silver star withdrawn,
+    The Wain stood ready, at our Cottage-door,
+    Thoughtfully freighted with a various store;
+    And long or ere the uprising of the Sun                     95
+    O'er dew-damped dust our journey was begun,
+    A needful journey, under favouring skies,
+    Through peopled Vales; yet something in the guise
+    Of those old Patriarchs when from well to well
+    They roamed through Wastes where now the tented Arabs      100
+        dwell.
+
+      Say first, to whom did we the charge confide,
+    Who promptly undertook the Wain to guide
+    Up many a sharply-twining road and down,
+    And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,
+    Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,             105
+    And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook?
+    A blooming Lass--who in her better hand
+    Bore a light switch, her sceptre of command
+    When, yet a slender Girl, she often led,
+    Skilful and bold, the horse and burthened _sled_[D]        110
+    From the peat-yielding Moss on Gowdar's head.
+    What could go wrong with such a Charioteer
+    For goods and chattels, or those Infants dear,
+    A Pair who smilingly sat side by side,
+    Our hope confirming that the salt-sea tide,                115
+    Whose free embraces we were bound to seek,
+    Would their lost strength restore and freshen the pale cheek?
+    Such hope did either Parent entertain
+    Pacing behind along the silent lane.
+
+      Blithe hopes and happy musings soon took flight,         120
+    For lo! an uncouth melancholy sight--
+    On a green bank a creature stood forlorn
+    Just half protruded to the light of morn,
+    Its hinder part concealed by hedge-row thorn.
+    The Figure called to mind a beast of prey                  125
+    Stript of its frightful powers by slow decay,
+    And, though no longer upon rapine bent,
+    Dim memory keeping of its old intent.
+    We started, looked again with anxious eyes,
+    And in that griesly object recognise                       130
+    The Curate's Dog--his long-tried friend, for they,
+    As well we knew, together had grown grey.
+    The Master died, his drooping servant's grief
+    Found at the Widow's feet some sad relief;[2]
+    Yet still he lived in pining discontent,                   135
+    Sadness which no indulgence could prevent;
+    Hence whole day wanderings, broken nightly sleeps
+    And lonesome watch that out of doors he keeps;
+    Not oftentimes, I trust, as we, poor brute!
+    Espied him on his legs sustained, blank, mute,             140
+    And of all visible motion destitute,
+    So that the very heaving of his breath
+    Seemed stopt, though by some other power than death.
+    Long as we gazed upon the form and face,
+    A mild domestic pity kept its place,                       145
+    Unscared by thronging fancies of strange hue
+    That haunted us in spite of what we knew.
+    Even now I sometimes think of him as lost
+    In second-sight appearances, or crost
+    By spectral shapes of guilt, or to the ground,             150
+    On which he stood, by spells unnatural bound,
+    Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait
+    In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.
+
+      Advancing Summer, Nature's law fulfilled,
+    The choristers in every grove had stilled;                 155
+    But we, we lacked not music of our own,
+    For lightsome Fanny had thus early thrown,
+    Mid the gay prattle of those infant tongues,
+    Some notes prelusive, from the round of songs
+    With which, more zealous than the liveliest bird           160
+    That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard,
+    Her work and her work's partners she can cheer,
+    The whole day long, and all days of the year.
+
+      Thus gladdened from our own dear Vale we pass
+    And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!                   165
+    To Loughrigg-tarn, round, clear, and bright as heaven,
+    Such name Italian fancy would have given,
+    Ere on its banks the few grey cabins rose
+    That yet disturb not its concealed repose
+    More than the feeblest wind that idly blows.               170
+
+      Ah, Beaumont! when an opening in the road
+    Stopped me at once by charm of what it showed,
+    The encircling region vividly exprest
+    Within the mirror's depth, a world at rest--
+    Sky streaked with purple, grove and craggy _bield_,[E]     175
+    And the smooth green of many a pendent field,
+    And, quieted and soothed, a torrent small,
+    A little daring would-be waterfall,
+    One chimney smoking and its azure wreath,
+    Associate all in the calm Pool beneath,                    180
+    With here and there a faint imperfect gleam
+    Of water-lilies veiled in misty steam--
+    What wonder at this hour of stillness deep,
+    A shadowy link 'tween wakefulness and sleep,
+    When Nature's self, amid such blending, seems              185
+    To render visible her own soft dreams,
+    If, mixed with what appeared of rock, lawn, wood,
+    Fondly embosomed in the tranquil flood,
+    A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee
+    Designed to rise in humble privacy,                        190
+    A lowly Dwelling, here to be outspread,
+    Like a small Hamlet, with its bashful head
+    Half hid in native trees. Alas 'tis not,
+    Nor ever was; I sighed, and left the spot
+    Unconscious of its own untoward lot,                       195
+    And thought in silence, with regret too keen,
+    Of unexperienced joys that might have been;
+    Of neighbourhood and intermingling arts,
+    And golden summer days uniting cheerful hearts.
+    But time, irrevocable time, is flown,                      200
+    And let us utter thanks for blessings sown
+    And reaped--what hath been, and what is, our own.
+
+      Not far we travelled ere a shout of glee,
+    Startling us all, dispersed my reverie;
+    Such shout as many a sportive echo meeting                 205
+    Oft-times from Alpine _chalets_ sends a greeting.
+    Whence the blithe hail? behold a Peasant stand
+    On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!
+    Not unexpectant that by early day
+    Our little Band would thrid this mountain way,             210
+    Before her cottage on the bright hill side
+    She hath advanced with hope to be descried.
+    Right gladly answering signals we displayed,
+    Moving along a tract of morning shade,
+    And vocal wishes sent of like good will                    215
+    To our kind Friend high on the sunny hill--
+    Luminous region, fair as if the prime
+    Were tempting all astir to look aloft or climb;
+    Only the centre of the shining cot
+    With door left open makes a gloomy spot,                   220
+    Emblem of those dark corners sometimes found
+    Within the happiest breast on earthly ground.
+
+      Rich prospect left behind of stream and vale,
+    And mountain-tops, a barren ridge we scale;
+    Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain            225
+    With haycocks studded, striped with yellowing grain--
+    An area level as a Lake and spread
+    Under a rock too steep for man to tread,
+    Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west
+    Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,                      230
+    Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.
+    Hot sunbeams fill the steaming vale; but hark,
+    At our approach, a jealous watch-dog's bark,
+    Noise that brings forth no liveried Page of state,
+    But the whole household, that our coming wait.             235
+    With Young and Old warm greetings we exchange,
+    And jocund smiles, and toward the lowly Grange
+    Press forward by the teasing dogs unscared.
+    Entering, we find the morning meal prepared:
+    So down we sit, though not till each had cast              240
+    Pleased looks around the delicate repast--
+    Rich cream, and snow-white eggs fresh from the nest,
+    With amber honey from the mountain's breast;
+    Strawberries from lane or woodland, offering wild
+    Of children's industry, in hillocks piled;                 245
+    Cakes for the nonce,[3] and butter fit to lie
+    Upon a lordly dish; frank hospitality
+    Where simple art with bounteous nature vied,
+    And cottage comfort shunned not seemly pride.
+
+      Kind Hostess! Handmaid also of the feast,                250
+    If thou be lovelier than the kindling East,
+    Words by thy presence unrestrained may speak
+    Of a perpetual dawn from brow and cheek
+    Instinct with light whose sweetest promise lies,
+    Never retiring, in thy large dark eyes,                    255
+    Dark but to every gentle feeling true,
+    As if their lustre flowed from ether's purest blue.
+
+      Let me not ask what tears may have been wept
+    By those bright eyes, what weary vigils kept,
+    Beside that hearth what sighs may have been heaved         260
+    For wounds inflicted, nor what toil relieved
+    By fortitude and patience, and the grace
+    Of heaven in pity visiting the place.
+    Not unadvisedly those secret springs
+    I leave unsearched: enough that memory clings,             265
+    Here as elsewhere, to notices that make
+    Their own significance for hearts awake,
+    To rural incidents, whose genial powers
+    Filled with delight three summer morning hours.
+
+      More could my pen report of grave or gay                 270
+    That through our gipsy travel cheered the way;
+    But, bursting forth above the waves, the Sun
+    Laughs at my pains, and seems to say, "Be done."
+    Yet, Beaumont, thou wilt not, I trust, reprove
+    This humble offering made by Truth to Love,                275
+    Nor chide the Muse that stooped to break a spell
+    Which might have else been on me yet:--
+                                          FAREWELL.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      Or stedfast Centinel ...                             1842.
+
+[2]
+
+      Until the Vale she quitted, and their door
+      Was closed, to which she will return no more;
+      But first old Faithful to a neighbour's care
+      Was given in charge; nor lacked he dainty fare,
+      And in the chimney nook was free to lie
+      And doze, or, if his hour were come, to die.
+
+    Inserted only in the edition of 1842.
+
+[3] The phrase "for the nonce" was _italicised_ in 1842.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In the MS. of these Fenwick notes, the following is written in
+pencil, the passage referred to beginning with "Our hostess," and ending
+at "the poem." "Revise this sentence. Here is something involved."--ED.
+
+[B] _i.e._ John Carter, Wordsworth's confidential clerk, who saw the
+edition of 1857 through the press. The sentence enclosed within brackets
+and signed J. C. is his.--ED.
+
+[C] See the note dealing with this date (p. 269). It should be 1811.--ED.
+
+[D] A local word for Sledge.--W. W. 1842.
+
+[E] A word common in the country, signifying shelter, as in Scotland.--W.
+W. 1842.
+
+
+
+
+UPON PERUSING THE FOREGOING EPISTLE THIRTY YEARS AFTER ITS COMPOSITION
+
+Composed 1841.--Published 1842
+
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Soon did the Almighty Giver of all rest
+    Take those dear young Ones to a fearless nest;
+    And in Death's arms has long reposed the Friend
+    For whom this simple Register was penned.
+    Thanks to the moth that spared it for our eyes;              5
+    And Strangers even the slighted Scroll may prize,
+    Moved by the touch of kindred sympathies.
+    For--save the calm, repentance sheds o'er strife
+    Raised by remembrances of misused life,
+    The light from past endeavours purely willed                10
+    And by Heaven's favour happily fulfilled;
+    Save hope that we, yet bound to Earth, may share
+    The joys of the Departed--what so fair
+    As blameless pleasure, not without some tears,
+    Reviewed through Love's transparent veil of years?[A]       15
+
+
+      The mighty tumults of the HOUSE OF KEYS;
+
+The Isle of Man has a constitution of its own, independent of the
+Imperial Parliament. The House of twenty-four Keys is the popular
+assembly, corresponding to the British House of Commons; the
+Lieutenant-Governor and Council constitute the Upper House. All
+legislative measures must be first considered and passed by both
+branches, and afterwards transmitted to the English Sovereign for the
+Royal Assent before becoming law.
+
+      Mona from our Abode is daily seen,
+      But with a wilderness of waves between;
+
+In a letter written from Bootle to Sir George Beaumont on the 28th
+August 1811, Wordsworth says:--
+
+  "This is like most others, a bleak and treeless coast, but
+  abounding in corn fields, and with a noble beach, which is
+  delightful either for walking or riding. The Isle of Man is right
+  opposite our window; and though in this unsettled weather often
+  invisible, its appearance has afforded us great amusement. One
+  afternoon above the whole length of it was stretched a body of
+  clouds, shaped and coloured like a magnificent grove in winter,
+  when whitened with snow and illuminated, by the morning sun,
+  which, having melted the snow in part, has intermingled black
+  masses among the brightness. The whole sky was scattered over with
+  fleecy dark clouds, such as any sunshiny day produces, and which
+  were changing their shapes and positions every moment. But this
+  line of clouds was immovably attached to the island, and
+  manifestly took their shape from the influence of its mountains.
+  There appeared to be just span enough of sky to allow the hand to
+  slide between the top of Snâfell, the highest peak in the island,
+  and the base of this glorious forest, in which little change was
+  noticeable for more than the space of half an hour."
+
+In the Fenwick note, Wordsworth tells us that this _Epistle_ was written
+in 1804; and by referring to the note prefixed to the first poem in the
+"Memorials of a Tour in Scotland," 1803, (see vol. ii. p. 377), it will
+be seen that the lines entitled _Departure from the Vale of Grasmere,
+August, 1803_, beginning--
+
+      The gentlest Shade that walked Elysian plains,
+
+were "not actually written for the occasion, but transplanted from my
+_Epistle to Sir George Beaumont_."
+
+It does not follow from this, however, that the lines belong to the year
+1803 or 1804; because they were not published along with the earlier
+"Memorials" of the Scotch Tour, but appeared for the first time in the
+edition of 1827. It is certain that Wordsworth travelled down with his
+household from the Grasmere Parsonage to Bootle in August 1811--mainly
+to get some sea-air for his invalid children--and that he lived there
+for some time during the autumn of that year. He _may_ have also gone
+down to the south-west coast of Cumberland in 1804, and then written a
+part of the poem; but we have no direct evidence of this; and I rather
+think that the mention of the year 1804 to Miss Fenwick is just another
+instance in which Wordsworth's memory failed him while dictating these
+memoranda. If the poem was not written at different times, but was
+composed as a whole in 1811, we may partly account for the date he gave
+to Miss Fenwick, when we remember that in the year 1827 he transferred
+a part of it (viz. the introduction) to these "Memorials" of the Scotch
+Tour of 1803.
+
+      Up many a sharply-twining road and down,
+      And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,
+      Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,
+      And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook.
+
+Their route would be from Grasmere by Red Bank, over by High Close to
+Elter Water, by Colwith into Yewdale, on to Waterhead; then probably,
+from Coniston over Walna Scar, into Duddondale, and thence to Bootle.
+
+      Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait
+      In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.
+
+See Spenser's _Faërie Queene_, book i. canto i. stanza 8.
+
+                         ... the liveliest bird
+      That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard.
+
+Compare _As you like it_, act II. scene 5.
+
+      And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!
+      To Loughrigg-tarn, etc.
+
+See the note appended by Wordsworth to the sequel to this poem.
+
+      A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee
+      Designed to rise in humble privacy.
+
+He imagines the house which Sir George Beaumont intended to build at
+Loughrigg Tarn, but which he never erected, to be really built by his
+friend, very much as in the sonnet named _Anticipation, October, 1803_,
+he supposes England to have been invaded, and the battle fought in which
+"the Invaders were laid low."
+
+                            ... behold a Peasant stand
+      On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!
+
+See the Fenwick note preceding the poem.
+
+                       ... a barren ridge we scale;
+      Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain.
+
+They went up Little Langdale, I think, past the Tarn to Fell Foot, and
+crossed over the ridge of Tilberthwaite, into Yewdale by the copper
+mines.
+
+      Under a rock too steep for man to tread,
+      Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west
+      Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,
+      Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.
+
+There is a Raven crag in Yewdale, evidently the one referred to in this
+passage, and also in the passage in the first book of _The Prelude_ (see
+vol. iii. p. 142), beginning--
+
+                       Oh! when I have hung
+      Above the raven's nest, by knots of grass
+      And half-inch fissures in the slippery rock
+      But ill sustained, etc.
+
+                   ... toward the lowly Grange
+      Press forward,
+
+To Waterhead at the top of Coniston Lake.
+
+In connection with Loughrigg Tarn, compare the note to the poem
+beginning--
+
+      So fair, so sweet, withal so sensitive,
+
+and also the Biographical Sketch of Professor Archer Butler, prefixed to
+his _Sermons_, vol. i.--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] LOUGHRIGG TARN, alluded to in the foregoing _Epistle_, resembles,
+though much smaller in compass, the Lake Nemi, or _Speculum Dianæ_ as it
+is often called, not only in its clear waters and circular form, and the
+beauty immediately surrounding it, but also as being overlooked by the
+eminence of Langdale Pikes as Lake Nemi is by that of Monte Calvo. Since
+this _Epistle_ was written Loughrigg Tarn has lost much of its beauty by
+the felling of many natural clumps of wood, relics of the old forest,
+particularly upon the farm called "The Oaks" from the abundance of that
+tree which grew there.
+
+It is to be regretted, upon public grounds, that Sir George Beaumont did
+not carry into effect his intention of constructing here a Summer
+Retreat in the style I have described; as his Taste would have set an
+example how buildings, with all the accommodations modern society
+requires, might be introduced even into the most secluded parts of this
+country without injuring their native character. The design was not
+abandoned from failure of inclination on his part, but in consequence of
+local untowardnesses which need not be particularised.--W. W. 1842.
+
+
+
+
+UPON THE SIGHT OF A BEAUTIFUL PICTURE,
+
+PAINTED BY SIR G. H. BEAUMONT, BART.
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[This was written when we dwelt in the Parsonage at Grasmere. The
+principal features of the picture are Bredon Hill and Cloud Hill near
+Coleorton. I shall never forget the happy feeling with which my heart
+was filled when I was impelled to compose this Sonnet. We resided only
+two years in this house, and during the last half of the time, which was
+after this poem had been written, we lost our two children, Thomas and
+Catherine. Our sorrow upon these events often brought it to my mind, and
+cast me upon the support to which the last line of it gives expression--
+
+      "The appropriate calm of blest eternity."
+
+It is scarcely necessary to add that we still possess the Picture.--I.F.]
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In 1815 the title was simply
+_Upon the Sight of a Beautiful Picture_.--ED.
+
+
+    Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay
+    Yon cloud, and fix it in that glorious shape;
+    Nor would permit the thin smoke to escape,[A]
+    Nor those bright sunbeams to forsake the day;
+    Which stopped that band of travellers on their way,          5
+    Ere they were lost within the shady wood;
+    And showed the Bark upon the glassy flood
+    For ever anchored in her sheltering bay.
+    Soul-soothing Art! whom[1] Morning, Noon-tide, Even,
+    Do serve with all their changeful pageantry;                10
+    Thou, with ambition modest yet sublime,
+    Here, for the sight of mortal man, hast given
+    To one brief moment caught from fleeting time
+    The appropriate calm of blest eternity,[B]
+
+
+Compare the _Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a picture of Peele Castle, in
+a Storm, painted by Sir George Beaumont_--especially the first three,
+and the fifth, sixth, and seventh stanzas. (See vol. iii. p. 54.)
+
+In the letter written to Sir George Beaumont from Bootle, in
+1811--partly quoted in the note to the previous poem (p.
+268)--Wordsworth says, "A few days after I had enjoyed the pleasure of
+seeing, in different moods of mind, your Coleorton landscape from my
+fireside, it _suggested_ to me the following sonnet, which--having
+walked out to the side of Grasmere brook, where it murmurs through the
+meadows near the Church--I composed immediately--
+
+      Praised be the Art....
+
+"The images of the smoke and the travellers are taken from your picture;
+the rest were added, in order to place the thought in a clear point of
+view, and for the sake of variety."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] C. and 1838.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare, in Pope's _Moral Essays_, ii. 19--
+
+      Choose a firm cloud before it fall, and in it
+      Catch, ere she change, the Cynthia of this minute.   ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in the _Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a Picture of Peele
+Castle, in a Storm_ (vol. iii. p. 55)--
+
+      Elysian quiet, without toil or strife.               ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE POET, JOHN DYER
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In the edition of 1815 the
+title was, _To the Poet, Dyer_.--ED.
+
+
+    Bard of the Fleece, whose skilful genius made
+    That work a living landscape fair and bright;
+    Nor hallowed less with musical delight
+    Than those soft scenes through which thy childhood strayed,
+    Those southern tracts of Cambria, deep embayed,              5
+    With green hills fenced, with[1] ocean's murmur lull'd;[A]
+    Though hasty Fame hath many a chaplet culled
+    For worthless brows, while in the pensive shade
+    Of cold neglect she leaves thy head ungraced,
+    Yet pure and powerful minds, hearts meek and still,         10
+    A grateful few, shall love thy modest Lay,
+    Long as the shepherd's bleating flock shall stray
+    O'er naked Snowdon's wide aërial waste;
+    Long as the thrush shall pipe on Grongar Hill!
+
+
+John Dyer, author of _Grongar Hill_ (1726), and _The Fleece_ (1757), was
+born at Aberglasney, in Caermarthenshire, in 1698, and died in 1758.
+Both Akenside and Gray, before Wordsworth's time, had signalised his
+merit, in opposition to the dicta of Johnson and Horace Walpole. The
+passage which Wordsworth quotes is from _The Fleece_, in which Dyer is
+referring to his own ancestors, who were weavers, and "fugitives from
+superstition's rage," and who brought the art of weaving "from Devon" to
+
+                                 that soft tract
+      Of Cambria, deep-embayed, Dimetian land,
+      By green hills fenced, by ocean's murmur lulled.
+
+It will be observed that Wordsworth quotes this last line of Dyer
+accurately in the edition of 1815, but changed it in 1827.
+
+This sonnet was possibly written before 1811, as in a letter to Lady
+Beaumont, dated November 20, 1811, he speaks of it as written "some time
+ago." In that letter Wordsworth writes thus of Dyer:--"His poem is in
+several places dry and heavy, but its beauties are innumerable, and of a
+high order. In point of _imagination_ and purity of style, I am not sure
+that he is not superior to any writer of verse since the time of
+Milton." He then transcribes his sonnet, and adds--"In the above is one
+whole line from _The Fleece_, and also other expressions. When you read
+_The Fleece_, you will recognise them."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      By green hills fenced, by ...                      1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Dyer's _Fleece_, book iii.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1812
+
+
+The years 1812 and 1813 were poetically even less productive than 1811
+had been. The first of them was saddened by domestic losses, which
+deprived the poet, for a time, of the power of work, and almost of any
+interest in the labour to which his life was devoted. Three short pieces
+are all that belong to 1812 and 1813 respectively.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+SONG FOR THE SPINNING WHEEL
+
+FOUNDED UPON A BELIEF PREVALENT AMONG THE PASTORAL VALES OF WESTMORELAND
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1820
+
+
+[The belief on which this is founded I have often heard expressed by an
+old neighbour of Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Fancy."--ED.
+
+
+    Swiftly turn the murmuring wheel!
+    Night has brought the welcome hour,
+    When the weary fingers feel
+    Help, as if from faery power;
+    Dewy night o'ershades the ground;                            5
+    Turn the swift wheel round and round!
+
+    Now, beneath the starry sky,
+    Couch[1] the widely-scattered sheep;--
+    Ply the pleasant labour, ply!
+    For the spindle, while they sleep,                          10
+    Runs with speed more smooth and fine,
+    Gathering[2] up a trustier line.
+
+    Short-lived likings may be bred
+    By a glance from fickle eyes;
+    But true love is like the thread                            15
+    Which the kindly wool supplies,
+    When the flocks are all at rest
+    Sleeping on the mountain's breast.
+
+
+It was for Sarah Hutchinson that this _Song_ was written. She lived, for
+the most part, either at Brinsop Court Herefordshire, or at Rydal Mount
+Westmoreland, or at Greta Hall Keswick. When living at Greta Hall, she
+acted as Southey's amanuensis. She also frequently transcribed poems for
+Wordsworth, at Grasmere, Coleorton, and Rydal Mount.
+
+Compare the sonnet addressed _To S. H._ in the "Miscellaneous Sonnets,"
+I. xx.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Rest ...                                           1820.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      With a motion smooth and fine
+      Gathers ...                                        1820.
+
+      Runs with motion smooth and fine,
+      Gathering ...                                      1827.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED ON THE EVE OF THE MARRIAGE OF A FRIEND IN THE VALE OF
+  GRASMERE, 1812
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    What need of clamorous bells, or ribands gay,
+    These humble nuptials to proclaim or grace?
+    Angels of love, look down upon the place;
+    Shed on the chosen vale a sun-bright day!
+    Yet no proud gladness would the Bride display                5
+    Even for such promise:[1]--serious is her face,
+    Modest her mien; and she, whose thoughts keep pace
+    With gentleness, in that becoming way
+    Will thank you. Faultless does the Maid appear;
+    No disproportion in her soul, no strife:                    10
+    But, when the closer view of wedded life
+    Hath shown that nothing human can be clear
+    From frailty, for that insight may the Wife
+    To her indulgent Lord become more dear.
+
+
+This refers to the marriage of Thomas Hutchinson (Mrs. Wordsworth's
+brother) to Mary Monkhouse, sister of the Mr. Monkhouse with whom
+Wordsworth afterwards travelled on the Continent. The marriage took
+place on November 1, 1812. They lived at Nadnorth for eighteen years,
+and afterwards at Brinsop Court, Herefordshire, for twenty-one years. To
+their son--the Rev. Thomas Hutchinson of Kimbolton, Leominster,
+Herefordshire--and to their daughter--Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson of Rock
+Villa, West Malvern--I am indebted for much information in reference to
+their uncle and aunts. The portrait of Wordsworth in his forty-seventh
+year, by Richard Carruthers, is in Mr. Hutchinson's possession at the
+Rectory, Kimbolton.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Even for such omen would the Bride display
+      No mirthful gladness:--                            1815.
+
+
+
+
+WATER-FOWL[A]
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1827
+
+
+  "Let me be allowed the aid of verse to describe the evolutions
+  which these visitants sometimes perform, on a fine day towards the
+  close of winter."--_Extract from the Author's Book on the
+  Lakes._--W. W. 1827.
+
+[Observed frequently over the lakes of Rydal and Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+Placed among the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Mark how the feathered tenants of the flood,
+    With grace of motion that might scarcely seem[B]
+    Inferior to angelical, prolong
+    Their curious pastime! shaping in mid air
+    (And sometimes with ambitious wing that soars                5
+    High as the level of the mountain-tops)
+    A circuit ampler than the lake beneath--
+    Their own domain; but ever, while intent
+    On tracing and retracing that large round,
+    Their jubilant activity evolves                             10
+    Hundreds of curves and circlets, to and fro,
+    Upward and downward, progress intricate
+    Yet unperplexed, as if one spirit swayed
+    Their indefatigable flight. 'Tis done--
+    Ten times, or more, I fancied it had ceased;                15
+    But lo! the vanished company again
+    Ascending; they approach--I hear their wings,
+    Faint, faint at first; and then an eager sound,
+    Past in a moment--and as faint again!
+    They tempt the sun to sport amid their plumes;              20
+    They tempt the water, or the gleaming ice,
+    To show them a fair image; 'tis themselves,
+    Their own fair forms, upon the glimmering plain,
+    Painted more soft and fair as they descend
+    Almost to touch;--then up again aloft,                      25
+    Up with a sally and a flash of speed,
+    As if they scorned both resting-place and rest!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is part of the canto of _The Recluse_, entitled "Home at
+Grasmere."--ED.
+
+[B] For the original text, which differs from this, see _The Recluse_,
+vol. viii. of this edition.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1813
+
+
+See the note to the previous year, 1812.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+VIEW FROM THE TOP OF BLACK COMB
+
+Composed 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+Black Comb stands at the southern extremity of Cumberland: its base
+covers a much greater extent of ground than any other mountain in these
+parts; and, from its situation, the summit commands a more extensive
+view than any other point in Britain.--W. W. 1827.
+
+[Mrs. Wordsworth and I, as mentioned in the _Epistle to Sir G.
+Beaumont_, lived sometime under its shadow.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Poems of the Imagination." (See the editorial note
+to the following poem.)--ED.
+
+
+    This Height a ministering Angel might select:
+    For from the summit of BLACK COMB (dread name
+    Derived from clouds and storms!) the amplest range
+    Of unobstructed prospect may be seen
+    That British ground commands:--low dusky tracts,             5
+    Where Trent is nursed, far southward! Cambrian hills
+    To the south-west, a multitudinous show;
+    And, in a line of eye-sight linked with these,
+    The hoary peaks of Scotland that give birth
+    To Tiviot's stream, to Annan, Tweed, and Clyde:--           10
+    Crowding the quarter whence the sun comes forth
+    Gigantic mountains rough with crags; beneath,
+    Right at the imperial station's western base
+    Main ocean, breaking audibly, and stretched
+    Far into silent regions blue and pale;--                    15
+    And visibly engirding Mona's Isle
+    That, as we left the plain, before our sight
+    Stood like a lofty mount, uplifting slowly
+    (Above the convex of the watery globe)
+    Into clear view the cultured fields that streak             20
+    Her[1] habitable shores, but now appears
+    A dwindled object, and submits to lie
+    At the spectator's feet.--Yon azure ridge,
+    Is it a perishable cloud? Or there
+    Do we behold the line[2] of Erin's coast?[A]                25
+    Land sometimes by the roving shepherd-swain
+    (Like the bright confines of another world)
+    Not doubtfully perceived.--Look homeward now!
+    In depth, in height, in circuit, how serene
+    The spectacle, how pure!--Of Nature's works,                30
+    In earth, and air, and earth-embracing sea,
+    A revelation infinite it seems;
+    Display august of man's inheritance,
+    Of Britain's calm felicity and power![B]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Its ...                                            1815.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      ... the frame ...                                  1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] The Irish coast can be seen from Black Comb, but it is seldom
+visible till after sundown.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in _The Minstrels of Winandermere_, by Charles Farish, p.
+33--
+
+      Close by the sea, lone sentinel,
+      Black Comb his forward station keeps;
+      He breaks the sea's tumultuous swell,
+      And ponders o'er the level deeps.                    ED.
+
+
+
+
+WRITTEN WITH A SLATE PENCIL ON A STONE, ON THE SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN OF
+  BLACK COMB
+
+Composed 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+[The circumstance, alluded to at the conclusion of these verses, was
+told me by Dr. Satterthwaite, who was Incumbent of Bootle, a small town
+at the foot of Black Comb. He had the particulars from one of the
+engineers who was employed in making trigonometrical surveys of that
+region.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Stay, bold Adventurer; rest awhile thy limbs
+    On this commodious Seat! for much remains
+    Of hard ascent before thou reach the top
+    Of this huge Eminence,--from blackness named,
+    And, to far-travelled storms of sea and land,                5
+    A favourite spot of tournament and war!
+    But thee may no such boisterous visitants
+    Molest; may gentle breezes fan thy brow;
+    And neither cloud conceal, nor misty air
+    Bedim, the grand terraqueous spectacle,                     10
+    From centre to circumference, unveiled!
+    Know, if thou grudge not to prolong thy rest,
+    That on the summit whither thou art bound,
+    A geographic Labourer pitched his tent,
+    With books supplied and instruments of art,                 15
+    To measure height and distance; lonely task,
+    Week after week pursued!--To him was given
+    Full many a glimpse (but sparingly bestowed
+    On timid man) of Nature's processes
+    Upon the exalted hills. He made report                      20
+    That once, while there he plied his studious work
+    Within that canvass Dwelling, colours, lines,
+    And the whole surface of the out-spread map,[1]
+    Became invisible: for all around
+    Had darkness fallen--unthreatened, unproclaimed--           25
+    As if the golden day itself had been
+    Extinguished in a moment; total gloom,
+    In which he sate alone, with unclosed eyes,
+    Upon the blinded mountain's silent top!
+
+
+In the editions of 1815 and 1820, the note to the previous poem, _View
+from the top of Black Comb_, was appended to this one. In 1827 it was
+transferred to its appropriate and permanent place.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Within that canvass Dwelling, suddenly
+      The many-coloured map before his eyes              1815.
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER, 1813
+
+Composed November 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Now that all hearts are glad, all faces bright,
+    Our aged Sovereign sits, to the ebb and flow
+    Of states and kingdoms, to their joy or woe,
+    Insensible. He sits deprived of sight,
+    And lamentably wrapped in twofold night,                     5
+    Whom no weak hopes deceived; whose mind ensued,
+    Through perilous war, with regal fortitude,
+    Peace that should claim respect from lawless Might.
+    Dread King of Kings, vouchsafe a ray divine
+    To his forlorn condition! let thy grace                     10
+    Upon his inner[1] soul in mercy shine;
+    Permit his heart to kindle, and to embrace[2]
+    (Though it were[3] only for a moment's space)
+    The triumphs of this hour; for they are THINE!
+
+
+The reference is to the rejoicings on the Leipzig victory of the Allied
+Forces, October 16 to 19, 1813. Napoleon crossed the Rhine on the 2nd
+November, and returned to Paris with the wreck of his army. George III.
+was English Sovereign; but, owing to his illness, the Prince of Wales
+had been appointed Regent, and assumed executive power in January 1811.
+The King died at Windsor in 1820, being eighty-two years of age. He had
+been entirely blind for some years before his death. The "twofold night"
+referred to in the sonnet is sufficiently obvious.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... inmost ...                                     1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[2] C. and 1838.
+
+      ... and embrace,                                   1815.
+
+[3] 1832.
+
+      (Though were it ...)                               1815.
+
+
+END OF VOL. IV
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+
+1. The Tyrolese Sonnets in German were originally printed in the
+   Fraktur Black Letter font and are unmarked. Within these sonnets
+   several words appear in gesperrt (s p a c e d), these words have been
+   surrounded by ~tilde signs~.
+
+2. A full line ellipsis in poetry is represented by a single "..." and
+   a full line ellipsis in quoted text is represented by a row of spaced
+   periods, "       .       .       .       .       .       "
+
+3. Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.
+
+4. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter ends
+   EXCEPTING the footnote at the end of Tyrolese Sonnet VI which has
+   been placed immediately after the sonnet though the chapter continues
+   and other succeeding footnotes appear at the end.
+
+   Numbered footnotes are "variants" of words or phrases changed by Mr.
+   Wordsworth in various published versions of his work. Lettered
+   footnotes are those of the Editor Mr. Knight.
+
+   In the original text the printer used multiple periods to push
+   single and multiple word "Variants" into the place in the notes where
+   they occured in the poem. In this e-text a single ellipsis (...) is
+   used to represent positioning of preceeding and succeeding words.
+   The variant anchor point indicates the relative position of the word
+   variant in the poem.
+
+   In footnote [A] to the poem "In the Grounds of Coleorton", p. 79 "l.
+   7." has been changed to p. 79 "l. 13." While the note correctly
+   identifies the 7th line of the text of the poem printed on p. 79, it
+   is actually l. 13. of the poem.
+
+5. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and numbered
+   by the printer at 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.
+
+6. No spelling alterations have been made. A number of alternate and/or
+   inconsistent spellings appear in this text, including but not limited
+   to:
+
+   "achieves" and "atchieved"
+
+   "antient", "ancyent", and "ancient"
+
+   "belovèd" and "beloved"
+
+   "birthplace" (by ED.) and "birth-place" (in poetry and notes)
+
+   "blessèd" and "blessed"
+
+   "Buonaparté" and "Buonaparte"
+
+   "cheer(ed)(ful)" and "chear(ed)(ful)"
+
+   "eye-sight" and "eyesight"
+
+   "farm-house" and "farmhouse"
+
+   "Mauleverers" and "Mauliverers"
+
+   "negociation" and "negotiation"
+
+   "out-spread" and "outspread"
+
+   "re-appearing" and "reappearing"
+
+   "recognised" and "recognized"
+
+   "Shakspeare('s)" (3) and "Shakespeare('s)" (3)
+
+   "Stockton-on-Tees" and "Stockton-upon-Tees"
+
+   "strong-hold" (in poetry) and "stronghold" (in letter)
+
+   "wingèd" and "winged"
+
+   "wreathèd" and "wreathed"
+
+Printers error corrections:
+
+7. Pg. 5. "in" to "on" (befell him on the way.)
+
+8. Pg. 197, Note II. corrected p. "201" to "204" (Founding of Bolton
+   Priory, p. 204.)
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM
+WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***
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+<body>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth,
+Volume IV (of 8), by William Wordsworth, Edited by William Knight</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Volume IV (of 8)</p>
+<p>Author: William Wordsworth</p>
+<p>Editor: William Knight</p>
+<p>Release Date: May 20, 2010  [eBook #32459]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Christine Aldridge,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="tr">
+<h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3>
+
+<p>1. Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.</p>
+
+<p>2. All spelling inconsistencies have been retained.
+A <a href="#Transcribers_Notes">list</a> appears at the end of this text together
+with other notes.</p>
+
+<p>3. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter ends and cross links provided.</p>
+
+<p>4. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and numbered by the printer in 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.</p>
+
+<p>5. All gothic fonts in the original text are represented as "<em class="antiqua">Antiqua</em>" in this e-text.</p>
+
+<p>6. Many poems begin in the middle of a page, therefore page links in the Table of Contents are linked to the poem's title.</p>
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2>THE POETICAL WORKS</h2>
+<h4>OF</h4>
+<h1>WILLIAM WORDSWORTH</h1>
+<h4>EDITED BY</h4>
+<h3>WILLIAM KNIGHT</h3>
+<h3>VOL. IV</h3>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/titlepg.jpg" width="400" height="305" alt="Title Page Illustration" title="Title Page Illustration"/>
+</div>
+
+<h2><em class="antiqua">London</em></h2>
+<h3>MACMILLAN AND CO., <span class="smcap">Ltd.</span></h3>
+<h4>NEW YORK: MACMILLAN &amp; CO.</h4>
+<h4>1896</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><a href="#Year_1806">1806</a></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">&nbsp;</td><td align="right">PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To the Spade of a Friend</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_THE_SPADE_OF_A_FRIEND">2</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Character of the Happy Warrior</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#CHARACTER_OF_THE_HAPPY_WARRIOR">7</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The Horn of Egremont Castle</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_HORN_OF_EGREMONT_CASTLE">12</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">A Complaint</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#A_COMPLAINT">17</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Stray Pleasures</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#STRAY_PLEASURES">18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Power of Music</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#POWER_OF_MUSIC">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Star-gazers</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#STAR-GAZERS">22</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Yes, it was the mountain Echo"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#YES_IT_WAS_THE_MOUNTAIN_ECHO">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#NUNS_FRET_NOT_AT_THEIR_CONVENTS">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Personal Talk</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#PERSONAL_TALK">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Admonition</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ADMONITION">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"'Beloved Vale!' I said, 'when I shall con'"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#BELOVED_VALE_I_SAID_WHEN_I">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#HOW_SWEET_IT_IS_WHEN_MOTHER">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Those words were uttered as in pensive mood"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THOSE_WORDS_WERE_UTTERED_AS_IN">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WITH_HOW_SAD_STEPS_O_MOON_THOU">38</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"The world is too much with us; late and soon"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_WORLD_IS_TOO_MUCH_WITH_US">39</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WITH_SHIPS_THE_SEA_WAS_SPRINKLED">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>"Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WHERE_LIES_THE_LAND_TO_WHICH_YON">41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To Sleep</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_SLEEP">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To Sleep</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_SLEEP_1">43</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To Sleep</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_SLEEP_2">43</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To the Memory of Raisley Calvert</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_THE_MEMORY_OF_RAISLEY_CALVERT">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#METHOUGHT_I_SAW_THE_FOOTSTEPS">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Lines composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening,
+after a stormy day, the Author having just read
+in a Newspaper that the dissolution of Mr. Fox was
+hourly expected</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#LINES">47</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">November, 1806</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#NOVEMBER_1806">49</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Address to a Child</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ADDRESS_TO_A_CHILD">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Brook! whose society the Poet seeks"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#BROOK_WHOSE_SOCIETY_THE_POET">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"There is a little unpretending Rill"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THERE_IS_A_LITTLE_UNPRETENDING_RILL">53</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1807">1807</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To Lady Beaumont</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_LADY_BEAUMONT">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">A Prophecy. February, 1807</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#A_PROPHECY_FEBRUARY_1807">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THOUGHT_OF_A_BRITON_ON_THE">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">To Thomas Clarkson, on the final passing of the Bill for
+the Abolition of the Slave Trade, March, 1807</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_THOMAS_CLARKSON">62</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The Mother's Return</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_MOTHERS_RETURN">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Gipsies</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#GIPSIES">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"O Nightingale! thou surely art"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#O_NIGHTINGALE_THOU_SURELY_ART">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THOUGH_NARROW_BE_THAT_OLD_MANS">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Composed by the side of Grasmere Lake. 1807</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#COMPOSED_BY_THE_SIDE_OF_GRASMERE">73</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">In the Grounds of Coleorton, the Seat of Sir George
+Beaumont, Bart., Leicestershire</td><td class="tcol2"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span><a href="#IN_THE_GROUNDS_OF_COLEORTON_THE_SEAT_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT_BART_LEICESTERSHIRE">74</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">In a Garden of the same</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#IN_A_GARDEN_OF_THE_SAME">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Written at the request of Sir George Beaumont, Bart.,
+and in his name, for an Urn, placed by him at the
+termination of a newly-planted Avenue in the same Grounds</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WRITTEN_AT_THE_REQUEST_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">For a Seat in the Groves of Coleorton</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#FOR_A_SEAT_IN_THE_GROVES_OF">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM">82</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1808">1808</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The White Doe of Rylstone</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE">100</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The Force of Prayer</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA">204</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a
+Tract, occasioned by the Convention of Cintra. 1808</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#COMPOSED_WHILE_THE_AUTHOR_WAS_ENGAGED">210</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Composed at the same time and on the same occasion</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#COMPOSED_AT_THE_SAME_TIME_AND_ON">211</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1809">1809</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Tyrolese Sonnets&mdash;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">Hoffer</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TYROLESE_SONNETS">213</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Advance&mdash;come forth from thy Tyrolean ground"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ADVANCE_COME_FORTH">214</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">Feelings of the Tyrolese</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#FEELINGS_OF_THE_TYROLESE">215</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Alas! what boots the long laborious quest"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ALAS_WHAT_BOOTS_THE_LONG">216</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">On the final Submission of the Tyrolese</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ON_THE_FINAL_SUBMISSION_OF_THE_TYROLESE">217</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"The martial courage of a day is vain"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_MARTIAL_COURAGE_OF_A_DAY_IS_VAIN">217</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"And is it among rude untutored Dales"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#AND_IS_IT_AMONG_RUDE_UNTUTORED">222</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#OER_THE_WIDE_EARTH_ON_MOUNTAIN">223</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>"Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#HAIL_ZARAGOZA_IF_WITH_UNWET_EYE">224</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Say, what is Honour?&mdash;'Tis the finest sense"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#SAY_WHAT_IS_HONOUR_TIS_THE">225</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#BRAVE_SCHILL_BY_DEATH_DELIVERED">226</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Call not the royal Swede unfortunate"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#CALL_NOT_THE_ROYAL_SWEDE">227</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#LOOK_NOW_ON_THAT_ADVENTURER_WHO">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Is there a power that can sustain and cheer"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#IS_THERE_A_POWER_THAT_CAN_SUSTAIN">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Epitaphs translated from Chiabrera&mdash;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Weep not, belovèd Friends! nor let the air"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WEEP_NOT_BELOVED_FRIENDS">230</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Perhaps some needful service of the State"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#PERHAPS_SOME_NEEDFUL_SERVICE">230</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"O Thou who movest onward with a mind"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#O_THOU_WHO_MOVEST_ONWARD">231</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"There never breathed a man who, when his life"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THERE_NEVER_BREATHED_A_MAN">232</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"True is it that Ambrosio Salinero"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TRUE_IS_IT_THAT_AMBROSIO_SALINERO">233</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Destined to war from very infancy"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#DESTINED_TO_WAR_FROM_VERY_INFANCY">234</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"O flower of all that springs from gentle blood"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#O_FLOWER_OF_ALL_THAT_SPRINGS">235</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Not without heavy grief of heart did He"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#NOT_WITHOUT_HEAVY_GRIEF_OF_HEART">236</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol4">"Pause, courteous Spirit!&mdash;Balbi supplicates"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#PAUSE_COURTEOUS_SPIRIT">237</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1810">1810</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#AH_WHERE_IS_PALAFOX_NOR_TONGUE">240</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"In due observance of an ancient rite"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#IN_DUE_OBSERVANCE_OF_AN_ANCIENT">241</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Feelings of a noble Biscayan at one of those Funerals, 1810</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#FEELINGS_OF_A_NOBLE_BISCAYAN_AT_ONE">242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">On a celebrated Event in Ancient History</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT">242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Upon the same Event</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#UPON_THE_SAME_EVENT">244</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The Oak of Guernica</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_OAK_OF_GUERNICA">245</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Indignation of a high-minded Spaniard, 1810</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#INDIGNATION_OF_A_HIGH-MINDED">246</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#AVAUNT_ALL_SPECIOUS_PLIANCY_OF">247</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span>"O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#OERWEENING_STATESMEN_HAVE_FULL">247</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">The French and the Spanish Guerillas</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_FRENCH_AND_THE_SPANISH">248</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Maternal Grief</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#MATERNAL_GRIEF">248</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1811">1811</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Characteristics of a Child three years old</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#CHARACTERISTICS_OF_A_CHILD_THREE">252</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Spanish Guerillas, 1811</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#SPANISH_GUERILLAS_1811">253</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"The power of Armies is a visible thing"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#THE_POWER_OF_ARMIES_IS_A_VISIBLE">254</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">"Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise"</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#HERE_PAUSE_THE_POET_CLAIMS_AT_LEAST">255</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Epistle to Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart.</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#EPISTLE">256</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Upon perusing the foregoing Epistle thirty years after its
+composition</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#UPON_PERUSING_THE_FOREGOING_EPISTLE">267</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Upon the sight of a Beautiful Picture</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#UPON_THE_SIGHT_OF_A_BEAUTIFUL">271</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">To the Poet, John Dyer</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#TO_THE_POET_JOHN_DYER">273</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1812">1812</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Song for the Spinning Wheel</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#SONG_FOR_THE_SPINNING_WHEEL">275</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Composed on the Eve of the Marriage of a Friend in the
+Vale of Grasmere, 1812</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#COMPOSED_ON_THE_EVE_OF_THE_MARRIAGE">276</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">Water-fowl</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WATER-FOWLA">277</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><h4><br /><a href="#Year_1813">1813</a><br /></h4></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">View from the Top of Black Comb</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#VIEW_FROM_THE_TOP_OF_BLACK_COMB">279</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol3">Written with a Slate Pencil on a Stone, on the side of the
+Mountain of Black Comb</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#WRITTEN_WITH_A_SLATE_PENCIL">281</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tcol1">November, 1813</td><td class="tcol2"><a href="#NOVEMBER_1813">282</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Year_1806" id="Year_1806"></a>1806</h2>
+
+
+<p>Wordsworth left Grasmere with his household for Coleorton
+in November 1806, and there is no evidence that he returned to
+Westmoreland till April 1808; although his sister spent part of
+the winter of 1807-8 at Dove Cottage, while he and Mrs.
+Wordsworth wintered at Stockton with the Hutchinson family.
+Several of the sonnets which are published in the "Poems" of
+1807 refer, however, to Grasmere, and were probably composed
+there. I have conjecturally assigned a good many of them
+to the year 1806. Some may have been composed earlier than
+1806, but it is not likely that any belong to a later year.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to these, the poems of 1806 include the <a href="#CHARACTER_OF_THE_HAPPY_WARRIOR"><i>Character
+of the Happy Warrior</i></a>, unless it should be assigned to the close
+of the previous year (see the note to the poem, <a href="#Page_11">p. 11</a>), <a href="#THE_HORN_OF_EGREMONT_CASTLE"><i>The Horn
+of Egremont Castle</i></a>, the three poems composed in London in
+the spring of the year (April or May)&mdash;viz. <a href="#STRAY_PLEASURES"><i>Stray Pleasures</i></a>,
+<a href="#POWER_OF_MUSIC"><i>Power of Music</i></a>, and <a href="#STAR-GAZERS"><i>Star-gazers</i></a>&mdash;the lines on the Mountain
+Echo, those composed in expectation of the death of Mr. Fox,
+and the <i>Ode, Intimations of Immortality</i>.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> Southey, in writing
+to Sir Walter Scott, on the 4th of February 1806, said,
+"Wordsworth has of late been more employed in correcting his
+poems than in writing others."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> For reasons stated in the preface to vol. i. this Ode is printed in
+vol. viii. at the close of the poems.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="TO_THE_SPADE_OF_A_FRIEND" id="TO_THE_SPADE_OF_A_FRIEND"></a>TO THE SPADE OF A FRIEND</h2>
+
+<h4>(<span class="smcap">An Agriculturist</span>)</h4>
+
+<p class="center">COMPOSED WHILE WE WERE LABOURING<a name="FNanchor_A_10" id="FNanchor_A_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_10" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> TOGETHER IN HIS
+PLEASURE-GROUND</p>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[This person was Thomas Wilkinson, a Quaker by religious
+profession; by natural constitution of mind&mdash;or, shall I venture
+to say, by God's grace? he was something better. He had
+inherited a small estate, and built a house upon it, near Yanwath,
+upon the banks of the Emont. I have heard him say that his
+heart used to beat, in his boyhood, when he heard the sound of
+a drum and fife. Nevertheless the spirit of adventure in him
+confined itself in tilling his ground, and conquering such
+obstacles as stood in the way of its fertility. Persons of his
+religious persuasion do now, in a far greater degree than formerly,
+attach themselves to trade and commerce. He kept the old
+track. As represented in this poem, he employed his leisure
+hours in shaping pleasant walks by the side of his beloved river,
+where he also built something between a hermitage and a
+summer house, attaching to it inscriptions after the manner of
+Shenstone at his Leasowes. He used to travel from time to
+time, partly from love of Nature, and partly with religious
+friends, in the service of humanity. His admiration of genius
+in every department did him much honour. Through his
+connection with the family in which Edmund Burke was
+educated, he became acquainted with that great man, who used
+to receive him with great kindness and condescension; and
+many times I have heard Wilkinson speak of those interesting
+interviews. He was honoured also by the friendship of Elizabeth
+Smith, and of Thomas Clarkson and his excellent wife, and
+was much esteemed by Lord and Lady Lonsdale, and every
+member of that family. Among his verses (he wrote many) are
+some worthy of preservation; one little poem in particular,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span>
+upon disturbing, by prying curiosity, a bird while hatching her
+young in his garden. The latter part of this innocent and good
+man's life was melancholy. He became blind, and also poor,
+by becoming surety for some of his relations. He was a
+bachelor. He bore, as I have often witnessed, his calamities
+with unfailing resignation. I will only add, that while working
+in one of his fields, he unearthed a stone of considerable size,
+then another, then two more; observing that they had been
+placed in order, as if forming the segment of a circle, he
+proceeded carefully to uncover the soil, and brought into view
+a beautiful Druid's temple, of perfect, though small dimensions.
+In order to make his farm more compact, he exchanged this
+field for another, and, I am sorry to add, the new proprietor
+destroyed this interesting relic of remote ages for some vulgar
+purpose. The fact, so far as concerns Thomas Wilkinson, is
+mentioned in the note on a sonnet on <i>Long Meg and her
+Daughters</i>.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Spade! with which Wilkinson hath tilled his lands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And shaped these pleasant walks by Emont's side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou art a tool of honour in my hands;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I press thee, through the yielding soil, with pride.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Rare master has it been thy lot to know;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long hast Thou served a man to reason true;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose life combines the best of high and low,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The labouring<a name="FNanchor_1_2" id="FNanchor_1_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_2" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> many and the resting few;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Health, meekness, ardour, quietness secure,<a name="FNanchor_2_3" id="FNanchor_2_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_3" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And industry of body and of mind;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And elegant enjoyments, that are pure<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As nature is;&mdash;too pure to be refined.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Here often hast Thou heard the Poet sing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In concord with his river murmuring by;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Or in some silent field, while timid spring    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is yet uncheered by other minstrelsy.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Who shall inherit Thee when death has<a name="FNanchor_3_4" id="FNanchor_3_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_4" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> laid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Low in the darksome cell thine own dear lord?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That man will have a trophy, humble Spade!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A trophy nobler than a conqueror's sword.<a name="FNanchor_4_5" id="FNanchor_4_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_5" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If he be one that feels, with skill to part<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">False praise from true, or, greater from the less,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thee will he welcome to his hand and heart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou monument of peaceful happiness!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He will not dread with Thee a toilsome day&mdash;    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thee his loved servant, his inspiring mate!<a name="FNanchor_5_6" id="FNanchor_5_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_6" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, when thou art past service, worn away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No dull oblivious nook shall hide thy fate.<a name="FNanchor_6_7" id="FNanchor_6_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_7" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">His thrift thy uselessness<a name="FNanchor_7_8" id="FNanchor_7_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_8" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> will never scorn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An <i>heir-loom</i> in his cottage wilt thou be:&mdash;    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High will he hang thee up, well pleased to adorn<a name="FNanchor_8_9" id="FNanchor_8_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_9" class="fnanchor">[8]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His rustic chimney with the last of Thee!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Thomas Wilkinson of Yanwath, the friend of Wordsworth
+and the subject of these verses, deserves more than a passing note.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i13h">He was a man</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Whom no one could have passed without remark.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>One of the old race of Cumbrian "Statesmen"&mdash;men who owned,
+and themselves cultivated, small bits of land (see Wordsworth's
+letter on <i>The Brothers</i> and <i>Michael</i>, vol. ii. p. 234)&mdash;he
+was Wordsworth's senior by nineteen years, and lived on
+a patrimonial farm of about forty acres, on the banks of
+the Emont,&mdash;the stream which, flowing out of Ullswater,
+divides Cumberland from Westmoreland. He was a Friend,
+and used to travel great distances to attend religious conferences,
+or engage in philanthropic work,&mdash;on one occasion
+riding on his pony from Yanwath to London, to the yearly
+meeting of the Friends; and, on another, walking the 300
+miles to town, in eight days, for the same purpose. A
+simple, genuine nature; serene, refined, hospitable, naïve, and
+humorous withal; a quaint original man, with a true eye for
+Nature, a keen relish for rural life (especially for gardening) and
+a happy knack of characterization, whether he undertook
+descriptions of scenery in the course of his travels, or narrated
+the incidents which befell him on the way. This is how he
+writes of his farm, and his work upon it:&mdash;"We have at length
+some traces of spring (6th April 1784); the primrose under the
+hedge begins to open her modest flower, the buds begin to
+swell, and the birds to build; yet we have still a wide horizon,
+the mountain tops resign not their snows. The happiest season
+of the year with me is now commencing&mdash;I mean that in which
+I am at the plough; my horses pace slowly on before, the larks
+sing above my head, and the furrow falls at my side, and the
+face of Nature and my own mind seem to wear a sweet and
+cheerful tranquillity."</p>
+
+<p>The following extract shows the interest which he took in
+the very implements of his industry, and may serve as an
+illustration of Wordsworth's stanzas on his "spade." "Eighth
+month, 16th, 1789. Yesterday I parted without regret from
+an old acquaintance&mdash;I set by my scythe for this year. I have
+often this season seen the dark blue mountains before the sun
+and his rising embroider them with gold. I have had many a
+good sleep in the shade among fragrant grass and refreshing
+breezes, and though closely engaged in what may be thought
+heavy work, I was sensible of the enjoyments of life with uninterrupted
+health." In the closing years of the last century,
+when the spirit of patriotic ardour was so thoroughly roused in
+England by the restlessness of France and the ambition of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+Napoleon, he lived on at his pastoral farm, "busy with his
+husbandry." In London, he made the acquaintance of Edmund
+Burke; and Thomas Clarkson, the philanthropist,&mdash;whose
+labours for the abolition of the slave trade are matter of history,&mdash;became
+his intimate friend, and was a frequent visitor at
+Yanwath. Clarkson afterwards bought an estate near to
+Wilkinson's home, on the shores of Ullswater, where he built
+a house, and named it Eusemere, and there the Wordsworths
+were not infrequent guests. (See the note to the poem beginning
+"I wandered lonely as a cloud," vol. iii. p. 5.) Wordsworth
+stayed at Yanwath for two days in 1806. The <i>Tours
+to the British Mountains, with the Descriptive Poems of
+Lowther and Emont Vale</i> (London, 1824), have been referred
+to in the note to <i>The Solitary Reaper</i>, vol. ii. p. 399, one of
+the poems in the "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland, 1803."
+It is an interesting volume&mdash;the prose much superior to the
+verse&mdash;and might be reprinted with advantage. Wilkinson
+was urged repeatedly to publish his "Tour through the Highlands,"
+but he always declined, and it was printed at last without
+his knowledge, by some one to whom he had lent his MS.</p>
+
+<p>Wilkinson's relations to Wordsworth are alluded to in the
+note to <i>The Solitary Reaper</i>. He is occasionally referred to in
+Dorothy Wordsworth's Grasmere Journal of January and March
+1802, <i>e.g.</i>:&mdash;"Monday, 12th March.&mdash;The ground covered
+with snow. Walked to T. Wilkinson's and sent for letters.
+The woman brought me one from Wm. and Mary. It was a
+sharp windy night. Thomas Wilkinson came with me to
+Barton, and questioned me like a catechiser all the way. Every
+question was like the snapping of a little thread about my heart.
+I was so full of thought of my half-read letter and other things."</p>
+
+<p>The following are extracts from letters of Wilkinson to Miss
+Mary Leadbeater of Ballintore:&mdash;"Yanwath, 15. 2. 1801.&mdash;I
+had lately a young Poet seeing me that sprang originally from
+the next village. He has left the College, turned his back on
+all preferment, and settled down contentedly among our Lakes,
+with his Sister and his Muse. He ... writes in what he
+conceives to be the language of Nature in opposition to the
+finery of our present poetry. He has published two volumes of
+Poems, mostly of the same character. His name is William
+Wordsworth." In a letter, dated 29. 1. 1809, the following
+occurs:&mdash;"Thou hast wished to have W. Wordsworth's Lines
+on my Spade, which I shall transcribe thee. I had promised
+Lord Lonsdale to take him to Lowther, when he came to see<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+me, but when we arrived he was gone to shoot moor-game with
+Judge Sutton. William and I then returned, and wrought
+together at a walk I was then forming, which gave birth to his
+Verses." The expression "sprang from the next village"
+might not be intended to mean that he was born there; or, if
+it did, the fact that Wordsworth's mother was a native of
+Penrith, and his own visits to that town, might account for the
+mistake of one who had made no minute enquiry as to the poet's
+birthplace. He was born at Cockermouth. Compare an
+interesting account of Thomas Wilkinson, by Mary Carr, reprinted
+from the <i>Friends' Quarterly Examiner</i>, 1882.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_2" id="Footnote_1_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_2"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... toiling ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_3" id="Footnote_2_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_3"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Health, quiet, meekness, ardour, hope secure,      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_4" id="Footnote_3_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_4"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... hath ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_5" id="Footnote_4_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_5"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">More noble than the noblest Warrior's sword.       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_6" id="Footnote_5_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_6"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With Thee he will not dread a toilsome day,</span><br />
+<span class="var">His powerful Servant, his inspiring Mate!       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_7" id="Footnote_6_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_7"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Thee a surviving soul shall consecrate.       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_8" id="Footnote_7_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_8"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... usefulness ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1832 resumes that of 1807, but the edition of 1837
+returns to the final text of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_9" id="Footnote_8_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_9"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... and will adorn          <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_10" id="Footnote_A_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_10"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In a letter to Wilkinson, accompanying a copy of these verses, which
+Wordsworth sent from Coleorton, in November 1806, he wrote: "They are
+supposed to have been composed that afternoon when you and I were labouring
+together in your pleasure-ground." I think that Professor Dowden is
+right in supposing that they were written in 1806.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHARACTER_OF_THE_HAPPY_WARRIOR" id="CHARACTER_OF_THE_HAPPY_WARRIOR"></a>CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[The course of the great war with the French naturally fixed
+one's attention upon the military character, and, to the honour
+of our country, there were many illustrious instances of the
+qualities that constitute its highest excellence. Lord Nelson
+carried most of the virtues that the trials he was exposed to in
+his department of the service necessarily call forth and sustain,
+if they do not produce the contrary vices. But his public life
+was stained with one great crime, so that though many passages
+of these lines were suggested by what was generally known as
+excellent in his conduct, I have not been able to connect his
+name with the poem as I could wish, or even to think of him
+with satisfaction in reference to the idea of what a warrior ought
+to be. For the sake of such of my friends as may happen to
+read this note, I will add that many elements of the character
+here pourtrayed were found in my brother John, who perished
+by shipwreck, as mentioned elsewhere. His messmates used to
+call him the Philosopher, from which it must be inferred that
+the qualities and dispositions I allude to had not escaped their
+notice. He often expressed his regret, after the war had
+continued some time, that he had not chosen the Naval, instead
+of the East India Company's, service, to which his family
+connection had led him. He greatly valued moral and religious
+instruction for youth, as tending to make good sailors. The
+best, he used to say, came from Scotland; the next to them,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+from the North of England, especially from Westmoreland and
+Cumberland, where, thanks to the piety and local attachments
+of our ancestors, endowed, or, as they are commonly called,
+free, schools abound.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Who is the happy Warrior? Who is he<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That<a name="FNanchor_1_11" id="FNanchor_1_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_11" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> every man in arms should wish to be?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;It is the generous Spirit, who, when brought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the plan that pleased his boyish<a name="FNanchor_2_12" id="FNanchor_2_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_12" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> thought:    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose high endeavours are an inward light<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That makes<a name="FNanchor_3_13" id="FNanchor_3_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_13" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> the path before him always bright:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, with a natural instinct to discern<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What knowledge can perform, is diligent to learn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Abides by this resolve, and stops not there,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But makes his moral being his prime care;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, doomed to go in company with Pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Fear, and Bloodshed, miserable train!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turns his necessity to glorious gain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In face of these doth exercise a power    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which is our human nature's highest dower;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Controls them and subdues, transmutes, bereaves<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of their bad influence, and their good receives:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By objects, which might force the soul to abate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her feeling, rendered more compassionate;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is placable&mdash;because occasions rise<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So often that demand such sacrifice;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As tempted more; more able to endure,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">As more exposed to suffering and distress;    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thence, also, more alive to tenderness.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;'Tis he whose law is reason; who depends<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon that law as on the best of friends;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whence, in a state where men are tempted still<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To evil for a guard against worse ill,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And what in quality or act is best<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doth seldom on a right foundation rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He labours good on good to fix,<a name="FNanchor_4_14" id="FNanchor_4_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_14" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> and owes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To virtue every triumph that he knows:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Who, if he rise to station of command,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rises by open means; and there will stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On honourable terms, or else retire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in himself possess his own desire;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who comprehends his trust, and to the same<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim;    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom they must follow; on whose head must fall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like showers of manna, if they come at all:<a name="FNanchor_A_17" id="FNanchor_A_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_17" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose powers shed round him in the common strife,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or mild concerns of ordinary life,    <span class="linenum">46</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A constant influence, a peculiar grace;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But who, if he be called upon to face<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some awful moment to which Heaven has joined<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Great issues, good or bad for human kind,    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is happy as a Lover; and attired<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With sudden brightness, like a Man inspired;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And, through the heat of conflict, keeps the law<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In calmness made, and sees what he foresaw;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or if an unexpected call succeed,    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Come when it will, is equal to the need:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;He who, though thus endued as with a sense<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And faculty for storm and turbulence,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is yet a Soul whose master-bias leans<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To homefelt pleasures and to gentle scenes;    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sweet images! which, wheresoe'er he be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are at his heart; and such fidelity<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is his darling passion to approve;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More brave for this, that he hath much to love:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis, finally, the Man, who, lifted high,    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Conspicuous object in a Nation's eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or left unthought-of in obscurity,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, with a toward or untoward lot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Prosperous or adverse, to his wish or not&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Plays, in the many games of life, that one    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where what he most doth value must be won:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom neither shape of danger can dismay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor thought of tender happiness betray;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, not content that former worth stand fast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Looks forward, persevering to the last,    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From well to better, daily self-surpast:<a name="FNanchor_B_18" id="FNanchor_B_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_18" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, whether praise of him must walk the earth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For ever, and to noble deeds give birth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or he must fall, to sleep without his fame,<a name="FNanchor_5_15" id="FNanchor_5_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_15" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And leave a dead unprofitable name&mdash;     <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Finds comfort in himself and in his cause;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And, while the mortal mist is gathering, draws<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This is the happy Warrior; this is He<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That<a name="FNanchor_6_16" id="FNanchor_6_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_16" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> every Man in arms should wish to be.    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The following note was appended by Wordsworth in the edition
+of 1807. "The above Verses were written soon after tidings
+had been received of the Death of Lord Nelson, which event
+directed the Author's thoughts to the subject. His respect for
+the memory of his great fellow-countryman induces him to
+mention this; though he is well aware that the Verses must
+suffer from any connection in the Reader's mind with a Name
+so illustrious."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>This note would seem to warrant our removing the date of
+the composition of the poem from 1806 to 1805; since Lord
+Nelson died at the battle of Trafalgar, on the 21st of October
+1805. On the other hand, Wordsworth himself gave the date
+1806; and the "soon after" of the above note may perhaps be
+stretched to include two months and a half. In writing to Sir
+George Beaumont on the 11th of February 1806, and enclosing
+a copy of these verses, he says, "they were written several
+weeks ago." Southey, writing to Sir Walter Scott, from Keswick,
+on the 4th of February 1806, says, "Wordsworth was
+with me last week; he has of late been more employed in
+correcting his poems than in writing others; but one piece he
+has written, upon the ideal character of a soldier, than which
+I have never seen anything more full of meaning and sound
+thought. The subject was suggested by Nelson's most glorious
+death, though having no reference to it. He had some thoughts
+of sending it to <i>The Courier</i>, in which case you will easily
+recognise his hand." (<i>The Life and Correspondence of Robert
+Southey</i>, vol. iii. p. 19.) As it is impossible to decide with
+accuracy, in the absence of more definite data, I follow the
+poet's own statement, and assign it to the year 1806.</p>
+
+<p>Wordsworth tells us that features in the character, both of
+Lord Nelson and of his own brother John, are delineated in this
+poem. Mr. William Davies writes to me, "He might very
+well have set the name of Cuthbert, Lord Collingwood, Nelson's
+contemporary, at the head of the poem, as embodying its spirit
+and lofty rule of life."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_11" id="Footnote_1_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_11"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Whom ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_12" id="Footnote_2_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_12"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... childish ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_13" id="Footnote_3_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_13"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... make ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_14" id="Footnote_4_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_14"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He fixes good on good alone, ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_15" id="Footnote_5_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_15"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1840.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or He must go to dust without his fame,             <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or he must fall and sleep without his fame,         <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_16" id="Footnote_6_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_16"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Whom ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_17" id="Footnote_A_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_17"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare Pope's <i>Temple of Fame</i> (ll. 513, 514)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nor Fame I slight, nor for her favours call;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">She comes unlook'd for, if she comes at all.</span><br />
+</div></div><p>
+And Carew's <i>Epistle to the Countess of Anglesie</i> (ll. 57, 58)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He chose not in the active stream to swim,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Nor hunted Honour, which yet hunted him.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_18" id="Footnote_B_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_18"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> In the edition of 1807, the following note was added to these lines:&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For Knightes ever should be persevering,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">To seeke honour without feintise or slouth,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Fro wele to better in all manner thinge.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p class="bindent">
+<span class="smcap">Chaucer</span>&mdash;<i>The Floure and the Leafe.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>
+</p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="THE_HORN_OF_EGREMONT_CASTLE" id="THE_HORN_OF_EGREMONT_CASTLE"></a>THE HORN OF EGREMONT CASTLE</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[A Tradition transferred from the ancient mansion of Hutton
+John, the seat of the Huddlestones, to Egremont Castle.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>In 1815 this poem was placed among those "of the
+Imagination"; in 1845 it was transferred to the class of
+"Miscellaneous Poems."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ere the Brothers through the gateway<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Issued forth with old and young,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which for ages there had hung.<a name="FNanchor_1_19" id="FNanchor_1_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_19" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Horn it was which none could sound,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No one upon living ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Save He who came as rightful Heir<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Egremont's Domains and Castle fair.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Heirs from times of earliest record<a name="FNanchor_2_20" id="FNanchor_2_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_20" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had the House of Lucie born,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who of right had held the Lordship<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Claimed by proof upon the Horn:<a name="FNanchor_3_21" id="FNanchor_3_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_21" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Each at the appointed hour<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tried the Horn,&mdash;it owned his power;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He was acknowledged: and the blast,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which good Sir Eustace sounded, was the last.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With his lance Sir Eustace pointed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to Hubert thus said he,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"What I speak this Horn shall witness<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For thy better memory.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear, then, and neglect me not!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At this time, and on this spot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The words are uttered from my heart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As my last earnest prayer ere we depart.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"On good service we are going    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Life to risk by sea and land,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In which course if Christ our Saviour<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do my sinful soul demand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hither come thou back straightway,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hubert, if alive that day;    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Return, and sound the Horn, that we<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May have a living House still left in thee!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Fear not," quickly answered Hubert;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"As I am thy Father's son,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What thou askest, noble Brother,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With God's favour shall be done."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So were both right well content:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forth they from the Castle went,<a name="FNanchor_4_22" id="FNanchor_4_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_22" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And at the head of their Array<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Palestine the Brothers took their way.    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Side by side they fought (the Lucies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were a line for valour famed)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And where'er their strokes alighted,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There the Saracens were tamed.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Whence, then, could it come&mdash;the thought&mdash;    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By what evil spirit brought?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh! can a brave Man wish to take<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His Brother's life, for Lands' and Castle's sake?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Sir!" the Ruffians said to Hubert,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Deep he lies in Jordan flood."    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stricken by this ill assurance,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pale and trembling Hubert stood.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Take your earnings."&mdash;Oh! that I<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could have <i>seen</i><a name="FNanchor_5_23" id="FNanchor_5_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_23" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> my Brother die!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It was a pang that vexed him then;     <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oft returned, again, and yet again.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Months passed on, and no Sir Eustace!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor of him were tidings heard.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wherefore, bold as day, the Murderer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Back again to England steered.     <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To his Castle Hubert sped;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nothing has he<a name="FNanchor_6_24" id="FNanchor_6_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_24" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> now to dread.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But silent and by stealth he came,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And at an hour which nobody could name.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">None could tell if it were night-time,    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Night or day, at even or morn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No one's eye had seen him enter,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No one's ear had heard the Horn.<a name="FNanchor_7_25" id="FNanchor_7_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_25" class="fnanchor">[7]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But bold Hubert lives in glee:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Months and years went smilingly;    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With plenty was his table spread;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bright the Lady is who shares his bed.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Likewise he had sons and daughters;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, as good men do, he sate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At his board by these surrounded,    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flourishing in fair estate.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And while thus in open day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Once he sate, as old books say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A blast was uttered from the Horn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where by the Castle-gate it hung forlorn.    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'Tis the breath of good Sir Eustace!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He is come to claim his right:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ancient castle, woods, and mountains<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear the challenge with delight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hubert! though the blast be blown <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He is helpless and alone:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou hast a dungeon, speak the word!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And there he may be lodged, and thou be Lord.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Speak!&mdash;astounded Hubert cannot;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, if power to speak he had, <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are daunted, all the household<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Smitten to the heart, and sad.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis Sir Eustace; if it be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Living man, it must be he!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus Hubert thought in his dismay,    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And by a postern-gate he slunk away.<a name="FNanchor_8_26" id="FNanchor_8_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_26" class="fnanchor">[8]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Long, and long was he unheard of:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To his Brother then he came,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Made confession, asked forgiveness,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Asked it by a brother's name,    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And by all the saints in heaven;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And of Eustace was forgiven:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then in a convent went to hide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His melancholy head, and there he died.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But Sir Eustace, whom good angels     <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had preserved from murderers' hands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And from Pagan chains had rescued,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lived with honour on his lands.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sons he had, saw sons of theirs:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And through ages, heirs of heirs,    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A long posterity renowned,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sounded the Horn which they alone could sound.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The following note is appended to this poem in the edition
+of 1807, and in those of 1836 to 1850:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"This Story is a Cumberland tradition; I have heard it also
+related of the Hall of Hutton John, an antient residence of the
+Huddlestones, in a sequestered Valley upon the River Dacor."</p>
+
+<p>Egremont Castle, to which this Cumberland tradition was
+transferred, is close to the town of Egremont, an ancient
+borough on the river Ehen, not far from St. Bees. The castle
+was founded about the beginning of the twelfth century, by
+William, brother of Ranulph de Meschines, who bestowed on
+William the whole of the extensive barony of Copeland. The
+gateway of the castle is vaulted with semi-circular arches, and
+defended by a strong tower. Westward from the castle area is
+an ascent to three narrow gates, standing in a line, and close
+together. These communicated with the outworks, each being
+defended by a portcullis. Beyond the gates is an artificial
+mound, seventy-eight feet above the moat; and on this stood
+an ancient circular tower. (See a description of the castle in
+Britton and Brayley's <i>Cumberland</i>.) The river Dacor, or
+Dacre, referred to in Wordsworth's note, joins the Emont a
+short way below Ullswater; and the hall of Hutton John,
+which in the reign of Edward III. belonged to the barony of
+Graystock, passed in the time of Elizabeth to the Huddlestones.
+The famous Catholic father, John Huddlestone, chaplain to
+Charles II. and James II., was of this family.</p>
+
+<p>In the edition of 1815, there is the following footnote to the
+title of the poem:&mdash;"This Poem and the Ballad which follows
+it" (it was that of <i>Goody Blake and Harry Gill</i>), "as they
+rather refer to the imagination than are produced by it, would
+not have been placed here" (<i>i.e.</i> among the "Poems of the
+Imagination"), "but to avoid a needless multiplication of the
+Classes."</p>
+
+<p>The text of 1807 underwent no change until 1845. But&mdash;as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+is shown by the notes in the late Lord Coleridge's copy of the
+edition of 1836&mdash;the alterations subsequently adopted in 1845
+were made in the interval between these years.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_19" id="Footnote_1_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_19"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">When the Brothers reach'd the gateway,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Eustace pointed with his lance</span><br />
+<span class="var">To the Horn which there was hanging;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Horn of the inheritance.  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">When the Brothers reached the gateway,</span><br />
+<span class="var">With their followers old and young,</span><br />
+<span class="var">To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed</span><br />
+<span class="var">That for ages there had hung.  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_20" id="Footnote_2_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_20"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Heirs from ages without record         <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_21" id="Footnote_3_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_21"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Who of right had claim'd the Lordship</span><br />
+<span class="var">By the proof upon the Horn:     <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var9h">... held ...</span>
+<span class="var">Claimed by proof ...       <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_22" id="Footnote_4_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_22"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">From the Castle forth they went.  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_23" id="Footnote_5_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_23"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <i>Italics</i> were first used in 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_24" id="Footnote_6_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_24"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He has nothing      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_25" id="Footnote_7_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_25"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For the sound was heard by no one</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of the proclamation-horn.  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_26" id="Footnote_8_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_26"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... slipped away. <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_COMPLAINT" id="A_COMPLAINT"></a>A COMPLAINT</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. Suggested by a change
+in the manner of a friend.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Poems founded on the Affections."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">There is a change&mdash;and I am poor;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your love hath been, nor long ago,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A fountain at my fond heart's door,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose only business was to flow;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And flow it did; not taking heed <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of its own bounty, or my need.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What happy moments did I count!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blest was I then all bliss above!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now, for that<a name="FNanchor_1_27" id="FNanchor_1_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_27" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> consecrated fount<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of murmuring, sparkling, living love, <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What have I? shall I dare to tell?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A comfortless and hidden well.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A well of love&mdash;it may be deep&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I trust it is,&mdash;and never dry:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What matter? if the waters sleep <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In silence and obscurity.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Such change, and at the very door<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of my fond heart, hath made me poor.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It is highly probable that the friend was S. T. Coleridge.
+See the <i>Life of Wordsworth</i> (1889), vol. ii. pp. 166, 167.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_27" id="Footnote_1_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_27"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... this ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="STRAY_PLEASURES" id="STRAY_PLEASURES"></a>STRAY PLEASURES</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Suggested on the Thames by the sight of one of those
+floating mills that used to be seen there. This I noticed on
+the Surrey side between Somerset House and Blackfriars'
+Bridge. Charles Lamb was with me at the time; and I
+thought it remarkable that I should have to point out to <i>him</i>,
+an idolatrous Londoner, a sight so interesting as the happy
+group dancing on the platform. Mills of this kind used to be,
+and perhaps still are, not uncommon on the continent. I
+noticed several upon the river Saone in the year 1799, particularly
+near the town of Chalons, where my friend Jones and
+I halted a day when we crossed France; so far on foot; there
+we embarked, and floated down to Lyons.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"<i>&mdash;&mdash;Pleasure is spread through the earth</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find.</i>"</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Fancy." The title <i>Stray
+Pleasures</i> was first given in the edition of 1820. In 1807 and
+1815 the poem had no title; but in the original MS. it was
+called "Dancers."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">By their floating mill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">That<a name="FNanchor_1_28" id="FNanchor_1_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_28" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> lies dead and still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Behold yon Prisoners three,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Miller with two Dames, on the breast of the Thames!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The platform is small, but gives room<a name="FNanchor_2_29" id="FNanchor_2_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_29" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> for them all;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And they're dancing merrily.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">From the shore come the notes<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">To their mill where it floats,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To their house and their mill tethered fast:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the small wooden isle where, their work to beguile,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span><span class="i0">They from morning to even take whatever is given;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And many a blithe day they have past.<a name="FNanchor_3_30" id="FNanchor_3_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_30" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">In sight of the spires,<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">All alive with the fires<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the sun going down to his rest,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the broad open eye of the solitary sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They dance,&mdash;there are three, as jocund as free,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While they dance on the calm river's breast.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">Man and Maidens wheel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">They themselves make the reel,    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And their music's a prey which they seize;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It plays not for them,&mdash;what matter? 'tis theirs;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And if they had care, it has scattered their cares<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While they dance, crying, "Long as ye please!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">They dance not for me,<span class="linenum">25</span></span><br />
+<span class="i3">Yet mine is their glee!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus pleasure is spread through the earth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus a rich loving-kindness, redundantly kind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Moves all nature to gladness and mirth.    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">The showers of the spring<br /></span>
+<span class="i3">Rouse the birds, and they sing;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If the wind do but stir for his proper delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each leaf, that and this, his neighbour will kiss;<a name="FNanchor_A_31" id="FNanchor_A_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_31" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each wave, one and t'other, speeds after his brother;    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They are happy, for that is their right!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+<p>Wordsworth went up to London in April 1806, where he
+stayed two months. It was, doubtless, on that occasion that
+these lines were written. The year mentioned in the Fenwick
+note is incorrect. It was in 1790 that Wordsworth crossed
+France with his friend Jones.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_28" id="Footnote_1_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_28"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Which ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_29" id="Footnote_2_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_29"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... but there's room ... <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_30" id="Footnote_3_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_30"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... with whatever be given;&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Full many a blithe day have past. <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_31" id="Footnote_A_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_31"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare Michael Drayton, <i>The Muse's Elysium</i>, nymphal vi. ll. 4-7&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The wind had no more strength than this,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">That leisurely it blew,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">To make one leaf the next to kiss</span><br />
+<span class="i0">That closely by it grew.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Wordsworth frequently confessed his obligation to Dr. Anderson&mdash;the
+editor of the <i>British Poets</i>&mdash;for enabling him to acquaint himself with the
+poetry of Drayton, and other early English writers.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="POWER_OF_MUSIC" id="POWER_OF_MUSIC"></a>POWER OF MUSIC</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Taken from life.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination." The
+original title in MS. was "A Street Fiddler (in London)."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">An Orpheus! an Orpheus! yes, Faith may grow bold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And take to herself all the wonders of old;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Near the stately Pantheon you'll meet with the same<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the street that from Oxford hath borrowed its name.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">His station is there; and he works on the crowd,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He sways them with harmony merry and loud;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He fills with his power all their hearts to the brim&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was aught ever heard like his fiddle and him?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What an eager assembly! what an empire is this!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The weary have life, and the hungry have bliss;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The mourner is cheered, and the anxious have rest;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the guilt-burthened soul is no longer opprest.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">As the Moon brightens round her the clouds of the night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So He, where he stands, is a centre of light;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It gleams on the face, there, of dusky-browed<a name="FNanchor_1_32" id="FNanchor_1_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_32" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> Jack,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the pale-visaged Baker's, with basket on back.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That errand-bound 'Prentice was passing in haste&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What matter! he's caught&mdash;and his time runs to waste;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Newsman is stopped, though he stops on the fret;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the half-breathless Lamplighter&mdash;he's in the net!    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span><span class="i0">The Porter sits down on the weight which he bore;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Lass with her barrow wheels hither her store;<a name="FNanchor_2_33" id="FNanchor_2_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_33" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If a thief could be here he might pilfer at ease;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She sees the Musician, 'tis all that she sees!    <span class="linenum">24</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He stands, backed by the wall;&mdash;he abates not his din;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His hat gives him vigour, with boons dropping in,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the old and the young, from the poorest; and there!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The one-pennied Boy has his penny to spare.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O blest are the hearers, and proud be the hand    <span class="linenum">29</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the pleasure it spreads through so thankful a band;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I am glad for him, blind as he is!&mdash;all the while<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If they speak 'tis to praise, and they praise with a smile.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That tall Man, a giant in bulk and in height,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not an inch of his body is free from delight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can he keep himself still, if he would? oh, not he!    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The music stirs in him like wind through a tree.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Mark that Cripple<a name="FNanchor_3_34" id="FNanchor_3_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_34" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> who leans on his crutch; like a tower<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That long has leaned forward, leans hour after hour!&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Mother,<a name="FNanchor_4_35" id="FNanchor_4_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_35" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> whose spirit in fetters is bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While she dandles the Babe in her arms to the sound.    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now, coaches and chariots! roar on like a stream;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here are twenty souls happy as souls in a dream:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They are deaf to your murmurs&mdash;they care not for you,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor what ye are flying, nor<a name="FNanchor_5_36" id="FNanchor_5_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_36" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> what ye pursue!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This must be assigned to the same London visit, in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+spring of 1806, referred to in the note to the previous
+poem.</p>
+
+<p>Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth in 1815, "Your <i>Power
+of Music</i> reminded me of his" (Bourne's) "poem of <i>The Ballad
+Singer in the Seven Dials</i>."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_32" id="Footnote_1_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_32"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... dusky-faced ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_33" id="Footnote_2_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_33"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... for store;&mdash;        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_34" id="Footnote_3_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_34"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There's a Cripple ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_35" id="Footnote_4_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_35"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Mother, ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_36" id="Footnote_5_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_36"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... or ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="STAR-GAZERS" id="STAR-GAZERS"></a>STAR-GAZERS</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Observed by me in Leicester-square, as here described.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What crowd<a name="FNanchor_1_37" id="FNanchor_1_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_37" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> is this? what have we here! we must not<a name="FNanchor_2_38" id="FNanchor_2_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_38" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> pass it by;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Telescope upon its frame, and pointed to the sky:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long is it as a barber's pole, or mast of little boat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some little pleasure skiff, that doth on Thames's waters float.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Show-man chooses well his place, 'tis Leicester's busy Square;      <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And is<a name="FNanchor_3_39" id="FNanchor_3_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_39" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> as happy in his night, for the heavens are blue and fair;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Calm, though impatient, is<a name="FNanchor_4_40" id="FNanchor_4_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_40" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> the crowd; each stands ready<a name="FNanchor_5_41" id="FNanchor_5_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_41" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> with the fee,</span><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span><span class="i0">And envies him that's looking<a name="FNanchor_6_42" id="FNanchor_6_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_42" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>;&mdash;what an insight must it be!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet, Show-man, where can lie<a name="FNanchor_7_43" id="FNanchor_7_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_43" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> the cause? Shall thy Implement have blame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A boaster, that when he is tried, fails, and is put to shame?          <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or is it good as others are, and be their eyes in fault?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their eyes, or minds? or, finally, is yon<a name="FNanchor_8_44" id="FNanchor_8_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_44" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> resplendent vault?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Is nothing of that radiant pomp so good as we have here?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or gives a thing but small delight that never can be dear?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The silver moon with all her vales, and hills of mightiest fame,     <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doth she betray us when they're seen? or<a name="FNanchor_9_45" id="FNanchor_9_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_45" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> are they but a name?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Or is it rather that Conceit rapacious is and strong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bounty never yields<a name="FNanchor_10_46" id="FNanchor_10_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_46" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> so much but it seems to do her wrong?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or is it, that when human Souls a journey long have had</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And are returned into themselves, they cannot but be sad?<a name="FNanchor_A_51" id="FNanchor_A_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_51" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>         <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Or must we be constrained to think that these Spectators rude,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No, no, this cannot be;&mdash;men thirst for power and majesty!<a name="FNanchor_11_47" id="FNanchor_11_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_47" class="fnanchor">[11]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Does, then, a deep and earnest thought<a name="FNanchor_12_48" id="FNanchor_12_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_48" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> the blissful mind employ   <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of him who gazes, or has gazed? a grave and steady joy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That doth reject all show of pride, admits no outward sign,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Because not of this noisy world, but silent and divine!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Whatever be the cause,<a name="FNanchor_13_49" id="FNanchor_13_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_49" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> 'tis sure that they who pry and pore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seem to meet with little gain, seem less happy than before:          <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span><span class="i0">One after One they take their turn,<a name="FNanchor_14_50" id="FNanchor_14_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_50" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> nor have I one espied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That doth not slackly go away, as if dissatisfied.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Doubtless "observed" during the visit to London in April
+and May 1806.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_37" id="Footnote_1_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_37"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">What throng ...      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_38" id="Footnote_2_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_38"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1807
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... we cannot ...       <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_39" id="Footnote_3_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_39"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And he's ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_40" id="Footnote_4_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_40"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... are ...</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_41" id="Footnote_5_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_41"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Each is ready ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_42" id="Footnote_6_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_42"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Impatient till his moment comes&mdash; ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... come;&mdash; ...       <span class="yearnum">1836.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1840 returns to that of 1807.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_43" id="Footnote_7_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_43"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... be ...      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_44" id="Footnote_8_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_44"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... this ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_45" id="Footnote_9_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_45"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Do they betray us when they're seen? and ...         <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_46" id="Footnote_10_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_46"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... cannot yield ...  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_47" id="Footnote_11_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_47"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or is it but unwelcome thought! that these Spectators rude,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Not to be lifted up at once to power and majesty?</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_48" id="Footnote_12_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_48"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or does some deep and earnest joy ...</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_49" id="Footnote_13_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_49"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Whate'er the cause may be, ...</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_50" id="Footnote_14_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_50"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... turns, ...         <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_51" id="Footnote_A_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_51"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> "Compare Shelley's statement in <i>Julian and Maddalo</i>&mdash;where he speaks
+of material not spiritual voyaging&mdash;that coming homeward 'always makes
+the spirit tame'" (Professor Dowden).</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="YES_IT_WAS_THE_MOUNTAIN_ECHO" id="YES_IT_WAS_THE_MOUNTAIN_ECHO"></a>"YES, IT WAS THE MOUNTAIN ECHO"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The echo came from
+Nab-scar, when I was walking on the opposite side of Rydal
+Mere. I will here mention, for my dear Sister's sake, that,
+while she was sitting alone one day high up on this part of Loughrigg
+Fell, she was so affected by the voice of the Cuckoo heard
+from the crags at some distance that she could not suppress a
+wish to have a stone inscribed with her name among the rocks
+from which the sound proceeded. On my return from my
+walk I recited these verses to Mrs. Wordsworth.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yes, it was the mountain Echo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Solitary, clear, profound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Answering to the shouting Cuckoo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Giving to her sound for sound!<a name="FNanchor_1_52" id="FNanchor_1_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_52" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i5" style="padding-top: 1em;"><a name="FNanchor_2_53" id="FNanchor_2_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_53" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span><span class="i0">Unsolicited reply    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To a babbling wanderer sent;<a name="FNanchor_3_54" id="FNanchor_3_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_54" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like her ordinary cry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like&mdash;but oh, how different!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Hears not also mortal Life?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear not we, unthinking Creatures!    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Slaves of folly, love, or strife&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Voices of two different natures?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Have not <i>we</i><a name="FNanchor_4_55" id="FNanchor_4_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_55" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> too?&mdash;yes, we have<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Answers, and we know not whence;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Echoes from beyond the grave,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Recognised intelligence!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Such rebounds our inward ear<a name="FNanchor_A_58" id="FNanchor_A_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_58" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Catches sometimes from afar&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_5_56" id="FNanchor_5_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_56" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Listen, ponder, hold them dear;<a name="FNanchor_6_57" id="FNanchor_6_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_57" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For of God,&mdash;of God they are.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The place where this echo was heard can easily be identified
+by any one walking along the southern or Loughrigg shore of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+Rydal. The Fenwick note refers to a wish of Dorothy Wordsworth
+to have her name inscribed on a stone among the rocks
+of Loughrigg Fell. It is impossible to know whether it was
+ever carried out or not. If it was, the place is undiscoverable,
+like the spot on the banks of the Rotha, where Joanna's name
+was graven "deep in the living rock," or the place where
+Wordsworth carved his wife's initials (as recorded in Mrs.
+Hemans' <i>Memoirs</i>), or where the daisy was found, which
+suggested the lines beginning</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Small service is true service while it lasts;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>and it is well that they are undiscoverable. It is so easy for
+posterity to vulgarise, by idle and unappreciative curiosity,
+spots that are sacred only to the few who feel them to be
+shrines. The very grave where Wordsworth rests runs the
+risk of being thus abused by the unthinking crowd. But, in
+the hope that no one will desecrate it, as the Rock of Names
+has been injured, I may mention that there is a stone near
+Rydal Mere, on the north-eastern slope of Loughrigg, with the
+initial "M." deeply cut. The exact locality I need not more
+minutely indicate.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_52" id="Footnote_1_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_52"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Yes! full surely 'twas the Echo,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Solitary, clear, profound,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Answering to Thee, shouting Cuckoo!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Giving to thee Sound for Sound.         <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_53" id="Footnote_2_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_53"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Whence the Voice? from air or earth?</span><br />
+<span class="var">This the Cuckoo cannot tell;</span><br />
+<span class="var">But a startling sound had birth,</span><br />
+<span class="var">As the Bird must know full well;</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Only in the edition of 1807.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_54" id="Footnote_3_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_54"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Like the voice through earth and sky</span><br />
+<span class="var">By the restless Cuckoo sent; <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_55" id="Footnote_4_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_55"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <i>Italics</i> were first used in the edition of 1836.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_56" id="Footnote_5_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_56"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Such within ourselves we hear</span><br />
+<span class="var">Oft-times, ours though sent from far;  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Such rebounds our inward ear</span><br />
+<span class="var">Often catches from afar;&mdash;  <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Often as thy inward ear</span><br />
+<span class="var">Catches such rebounds, beware,&mdash;  <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_57" id="Footnote_6_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_57"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Giddy Mortals! hold them dear;  <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The edition of 1832 returns to the text of 1807.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_58" id="Footnote_A_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_58"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Writing to Barron Field about this stanza of the poem in 1827, Wordsworth
+said, "The word 'rebounds' I wish much to introduce here; for the
+imaginative warning turns upon the echo, which ought to be revived as
+near the conclusion as possible."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NUNS_FRET_NOT_AT_THEIR_CONVENTS" id="NUNS_FRET_NOT_AT_THEIR_CONVENTS"></a>"NUNS FRET NOT AT THEIR CONVENT'S
+NARROW ROOM"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[In the cottage, Town-end, Grasmere, one afternoon in 1801,
+my sister read to me the sonnets of Milton. I had long been
+well acquainted with them, but I was particularly struck on
+that occasion with the dignified simplicity and majestic harmony
+that runs through most of them,&mdash;in character so totally different
+from the Italian, and still more so from Shakspeare's fine
+sonnets. I took fire, if I may be allowed to say so, and produced
+three sonnets the same afternoon, the first I ever wrote,
+except an irregular one at school. Of these three, the only one
+I distinctly remember is&mdash;"I grieved for Buonaparté." One
+was never written down; the third, which was, I believe, preserved,
+I cannot particularise.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>From 1807 to 1820 this was named <i>Prefatory Sonnet</i>, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+introducing the series of "Miscellaneous Sonnets" in these
+editions. In 1827 it took its place as the first in that series,
+following the Dedication <i>To &mdash;&mdash;</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hermits are contented with their cells;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And students with their pensive citadels;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Maids at the wheel, the weaver at his loom,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sit blithe and happy; bees that soar for bloom,<span class="linenum">5</span></span><br />
+<span class="i0">High as the highest Peak of Furness-fells,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will murmur by the hour in foxglove bells:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In truth the prison, unto which we doom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ourselves, no prison is:<a name="FNanchor_A_61" id="FNanchor_A_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_61" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> and hence for me,<a name="FNanchor_1_59" id="FNanchor_1_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_59" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In sundry moods,'twas pastime to be bound    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within the Sonnet's scanty plot of ground;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pleased if some Souls (for such there needs must be)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who have felt the weight of too much liberty,<a name="FNanchor_B_62" id="FNanchor_B_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_62" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should find brief<a name="FNanchor_2_60" id="FNanchor_2_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_60" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> solace there, as I have found.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In Wordsworth's time "Furness-fells" was a generic phrase
+for all the hills east of the Duddon, south of the Brathay, and
+west of Windermere; including the Coniston group, Wetherlam,
+with the Yewdale and Tilberthwaite fells. The district of
+Furness, like that of Craven in Yorkshire, being originally
+ecclesiastical, had a wide area, of which the abbey of Furness
+was the centre.</p>
+
+<p>In the Fenwick note prefixed to this sonnet, Wordsworth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+refers to his earliest attempt at sonnet writing. He says he
+wrote an irregular one at school, and the next were three
+sonnets written one afternoon in Dove Cottage in the year 1801,
+after his sister had read the sonnets of Milton. This note is
+not, however, to be trusted. It was not in 1801, but on the
+21st of May 1802, that his sister read to him these sonnets of
+Milton; and he afterwards wrote not one but two sonnets on
+Buonaparte. What the irregular sonnet written at school was
+it is impossible to say, unless he refers to the one entitled, in
+1807 and subsequent editions, <i>Written in Very Early Youth</i>;
+and beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Calm is all nature as a resting wheel.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But on a copy of <i>An Evening Walk</i> (1793 edition) Wordsworth
+wrote:&mdash;"This is the first of my published poems, with
+the exception of a sonnet, written when I was a schoolboy,
+and published in the <i>European Magazine</i> in June or July
+1786, and signed Axiologus." Even as to this date his
+memory was at fault. It was published in 1787, when he was
+seventeen years of age. Its full title may be given; although,
+for reasons already stated, it would be unjustifiable to republish
+the sonnet, except in an appendix to the poems, and mainly for
+its biographical interest. It was entitled, <i>Sonnet, on seeing
+Miss Maria Williams weep at a Tale of Distress</i>. But, fully
+ten years before the date mentioned by Dorothy Wordsworth in
+her Grasmere Journal&mdash;as the day on which she read Milton's
+sonnets to her brother, and on which he wrote the two on
+Buonaparte&mdash;he had written others, the existence of which he
+had evidently forgotten. On the 6th of May 1792, his sister
+wrote thus from Forncett Rectory in Norfolk to her friend, Miss
+Jane Pollard:&mdash;"I promised to transcribe some of William's
+compositions. As I made the promise, I will give you a little
+sonnet.... I take the first that offers. It is very valuable
+to me, because the cause which gave birth to it was the favourite
+evening walk of William and me.... I have not chosen
+this sonnet from any particular beauty it has. <i>It was the first
+I laid my hands upon.</i>" From the clause I have italicised, it
+would almost seem that other sonnets belong to that period,
+viz. before 1793, when <i>An Evening Walk</i> appeared. She
+would hardly have spoken of it as she did, if this was the only
+sonnet her brother had then written. Though very inferior to
+his later work, this sonnet may be preserved as a specimen of
+Wordsworth's earlier manner, before he had broken away, by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
+the force of his own imagination, from the trammels of the conventional
+style, which he inherited. It is printed in the
+Appendix to volume viii.</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen that Wordsworth's memory cannot be always
+relied upon, in reference to dates, and similar details, in the
+Fenwick memoranda.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_59" id="Footnote_1_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_59"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1849.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to me,      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_60" id="Footnote_2_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_60"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... short ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_61" id="Footnote_A_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_61"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare in Lovelace's poem, <i>To Althea from Prison</i>&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Stone walls do not a prison make,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Nor iron bars a cage;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Minds innocent and quiet take</span><br />
+<span class="i1">That for a hermitage.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_62" id="Footnote_B_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_62"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare the line in the <i>Ode to Duty</i> vol. iii. p. 40&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Me this unchartered freedom tires.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="PERSONAL_TALK" id="PERSONAL_TALK"></a>PERSONAL TALK</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The last line but two
+stood, at first, better and more characteristically, thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"By my half-kitchen and half-parlour fire."</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>My sister and I were in the habit of having the tea-kettle in
+our little sitting room; and we toasted the bread ourselves,
+which reminds me of a little circumstance not unworthy to be
+set down among these minutiæ. Happening both of us to be
+engaged a few minutes one morning when we had a young prig
+of a Scotch lawyer to breakfast with us, my dear Sister, with
+her usual simplicity, put the toasting fork with a slice of bread
+into the hands of this Edinburgh genius. Our little book-case
+stood on one side of the fire. To prevent loss of time, he took
+down a book, and fell to reading, to the neglect of the toast,
+which was burnt to a cinder. Many a time have we laughed
+at this circumstance, and other cottage simplicities of that day.
+By the bye, I have a spite at one of this series of Sonnets (I
+will leave the reader to discover which) as having been the
+means of nearly putting off for ever our acquaintance with dear
+Miss Fenwick, who has always stigmatized one line of it as
+vulgar, and worthy only of having been composed by a country
+squire.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>In 1815, this was classed among the "Poems proceeding
+from Sentiment and Reflection." From 1820 to 1843,
+it found a place among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets," and in
+1845 was restored to its earlier one among the "Poems of
+Sentiment and Reflection."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<p class="bindentx">I</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I am not One who much or oft delight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To season my fireside with personal talk,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of<a name="FNanchor_1_63" id="FNanchor_1_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_63" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> friends, who live within an easy walk,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or neighbours, daily, weekly, in my sight:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, for my chance-acquaintance, ladies bright,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sons, mothers, maidens withering on the stalk,<a name="FNanchor_A_66" id="FNanchor_A_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_66" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These all wear out of me, like Forms, with chalk<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Painted on rich men's floors, for one feast-night.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Better than such discourse doth silence long,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long, barren silence, square with my desire;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To sit without emotion, hope, or aim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the loved presence of my cottage-fire,<a name="FNanchor_2_64" id="FNanchor_2_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_64" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And listen to the flapping of the flame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or kettle whispering its faint undersong.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">II</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Yet life," you say, "is life; we have seen and see,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And with a living pleasure we describe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fits of sprightly malice do but bribe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The languid mind into activity.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sound sense, and love itself, and mirth and glee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are fostered by the comment and the gibe."    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even be it so: yet still among your tribe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our daily world's true Worldlings, rank not me!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Children are blest, and powerful; their world lies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More justly balanced; partly at their feet,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And part far from them:&mdash;sweetest melodies    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are those that are by distance made more sweet;<a name="FNanchor_B_67" id="FNanchor_B_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_67" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Whose mind is but the mind of his own eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He is a Slave; the meanest we can meet!<a name="FNanchor_C_68" id="FNanchor_C_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_68" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">III</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wings have we,&mdash;and as far as we can go<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We may find pleasure: wilderness and wood,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blank ocean and mere sky, support that mood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which with the lofty sanctifies the low.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dreams, books, are each a world; and books, we know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are a substantial world, both pure and good:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Round these, with tendrils strong as flesh and blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our pastime and our happiness will grow. 36<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There find I personal themes, a plenteous store,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Matter wherein right voluble I am,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To which I listen with a ready ear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Two shall be named, pre-eminently dear,&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_3_65" id="FNanchor_3_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_65" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The gentle Lady married to the Moor;<a name="FNanchor_D_69" id="FNanchor_D_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_69" class="fnanchor">[D]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And heavenly Una with her milk-white Lamb.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">IV</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nor can I not believe but that hereby<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Great gains are mine; for thus I live remote<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From evil-speaking; rancour, never sought,      <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Comes to me not; malignant truth, or lie.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence have I genial seasons, hence have I</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Smooth passions, smooth discourse, and joyous thought:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus from day to day my little boat<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rocks in its harbour, lodging peaceably.      <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blessings be with them&mdash;and eternal praise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh! might my name be numbered among theirs,      <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then gladly would I end my mortal days.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The text of the poem was little altered, and was fixed in
+1827. It had no title in 1807 and 1815.</p>
+
+<p>The reading of 1807,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>was a reminiscence of Dove Cottage, which we regret to lose in
+the later editions.</p>
+
+<p>In the Baptistery of Westminster Abbey, there is a statue of
+Wordsworth by Frederick Thrupp of great merit, placed there
+by the late Dean Stanley, beside busts of Keble, Maurice, and
+Kingsley. Underneath the statue of Wordsworth are the four
+lines from <i>Personal Talk</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Blessings be with them&mdash;and eternal praise,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Dean Stanley found it difficult to select from Wordsworth's
+poems the lines most appropriate for inscription, and adopted
+these at the suggestion of his friend, Principal Shairp.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_63" id="Footnote_1_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_63"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">About ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_64" id="Footnote_2_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_64"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">By my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire, <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_65" id="Footnote_3_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_65"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There do I find a never-failing store</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of personal themes, and such as I love best;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Matter wherein right voluble I am:</span><br />
+<span class="var">Two will I mention, dearer than the rest; <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_66" id="Footnote_A_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_66"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This is the line referred to by Wordsworth in the Fenwick note. Compare
+<i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> scene i. ll. 75-78.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_67" id="Footnote_B_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_67"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare Collins, <i>The Passions</i>, l. 60, and <i>An Evening Walk</i>, l. 237
+and note (vol. i. p. 22).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_68" id="Footnote_C_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_68"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Compare <i>The Prelude</i>, book xii. l. 151 (vol. iii. p. 349)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i11h">I knew a maid,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">A young enthusiast, who escaped these bonds;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Her eye was not the mistress of her heart.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_69" id="Footnote_D_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_69"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> Wordsworth said on one occasion, as Professor Dowden has reminded
+us, that he thought <i>Othello</i>, the close of the <i>Phædo</i>, and Walton's <i>Life of
+George Herbert</i>, the three "most pathetic" writings in the world.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ADMONITION" id="ADMONITION"></a>ADMONITION</h2>
+
+<p class="hang">Intended more particularly for the perusal of those who may have
+happened to be enamoured of some beautiful place of Retreat,
+in the Country of the Lakes.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Well may'st thou halt&mdash;and gaze with brightening eye!<a name="FNanchor_1_70" id="FNanchor_1_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_70" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lovely Cottage in the guardian nook<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath stirred thee deeply; with its own dear brook,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its own small pasture, almost its own sky!<a name="FNanchor_A_76" id="FNanchor_A_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_76" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But covet not the Abode;&mdash;forbear to sigh,<a name="FNanchor_2_71" id="FNanchor_2_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_71" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As many do, repining while they look;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intruders&mdash;who would tear<a name="FNanchor_3_72" id="FNanchor_3_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_72" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> from Nature's book<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This precious leaf, with harsh impiety.<a name="FNanchor_4_73" id="FNanchor_4_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_73" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think what the Home must<a name="FNanchor_5_74" id="FNanchor_5_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_74" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> be if it were thine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even thine, though few thy wants!&mdash;Roof, window, door,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The very flowers are sacred to the Poor,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">The roses to the porch which they entwine:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea, all, that now enchants thee, from the day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On which it should be touched, would melt away.<a name="FNanchor_6_75" id="FNanchor_6_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_75" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The cottage at Town-end, Grasmere&mdash;where this sonnet
+was composed&mdash;may have suggested it. Some of the details,
+however, are scarcely applicable to Dove Cottage; the "brook"
+(referred to elsewhere) is outside the orchard ground, and there
+is scarcely anything in the garden to warrant the phrase, "its
+own small pasture." It is unnecessary to localise the allusions.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_70" id="Footnote_1_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_70"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Yes, there is holy pleasure in thine eye! <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_71" id="Footnote_2_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_71"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... oh! do not sigh,        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_72" id="Footnote_3_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_72"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Sighing a wish to tear ...   <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_73" id="Footnote_4_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_73"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This blissful leaf, with worst impiety.   <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... with harsh impiety. <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_74" id="Footnote_5_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_74"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... would ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_75" id="Footnote_6_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_75"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1838.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... would melt, and melt away!        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_76" id="Footnote_A_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_76"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare the lines in <i>Peter Bell</i>, vol. ii. p. 13&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Where deep and low the hamlets lie</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Beneath their little patch of sky</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And little lot of stars.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BELOVED_VALE_I_SAID_WHEN_I" id="BELOVED_VALE_I_SAID_WHEN_I"></a>"'BELOVED VALE!' I SAID, 'WHEN I
+SHALL CON'"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Beloved Vale!" I said, "when I shall con<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those many records of my childish years,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Remembrance of myself and of my peers<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will press me down: to think of what is gone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will be an awful thought, if life have one."    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, when into the Vale I came, no fears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Distressed me; from mine eyes escaped no tears;<a name="FNanchor_1_77" id="FNanchor_1_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_77" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Deep thought, or dread remembrance, had I none.<a name="FNanchor_2_78" id="FNanchor_2_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_78" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By doubts and thousand petty fancies crost<a name="FNanchor_3_79" id="FNanchor_3_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_79" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">I stood, of simple shame the blushing Thrall;<a name="FNanchor_A_81" id="FNanchor_A_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_81" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So narrow seemed the brooks, the fields so small!<a name="FNanchor_4_80" id="FNanchor_4_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_80" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Juggler's balls old Time about him tossed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I looked, I stared, I smiled, I laughed; and all<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The weight of sadness was in wonder lost.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Doubtless the "Vale" referred to is that of Hawkshead;
+the "brooks" may refer to the one that feeds Esthwaite lake,
+or to Sawrey beck, or (more likely) to the streamlet, "the
+famous brook within our garden boxed," described in <i>The
+Prelude</i>, books i. and ii. (vol. iii.) See also <i>The Fountain</i>, vol.
+ii. p. 92.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_77" id="Footnote_1_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_77"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Distress'd me; I look'd round, I shed no tears;    <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_78" id="Footnote_2_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_78"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... or awful vision, I had none.        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... had I none.        <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_79" id="Footnote_3_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_79"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">By thousand petty fancies I was cross'd,        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_80" id="Footnote_4_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_80"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To see the Trees, which I had thought so tall,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Mere dwarfs; the Brooks so narrow, Fields so small.  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_81" id="Footnote_A_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_81"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>Hart-Leap Well</i>, l. 117 (vol. ii. p. 134).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HOW_SWEET_IT_IS_WHEN_MOTHER" id="HOW_SWEET_IT_IS_WHEN_MOTHER"></a>"HOW SWEET IT IS, WHEN MOTHER
+FANCY ROCKS"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wayward brain, to saunter through a wood!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An old place, full of many a lovely brood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tall trees, green arbours, and ground-flowers in flocks;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wild rose tip-toe upon hawthorn stocks,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a bold Girl, who plays her agile pranks<a name="FNanchor_1_82" id="FNanchor_1_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_82" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At Wakes and Fairs with wandering Mountebanks,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When she stands cresting the Clown's head, and mocks<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The crowd beneath her. Verily I think,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such place to me is sometimes like a dream    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span><span class="i0">Or map of the whole world: thoughts, link by link,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Enter through ears and eyesight, with such gleam<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of all things, that at last in fear I shrink,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And leap at once from the delicious stream.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_82" id="Footnote_1_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_82"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Like to a bonny Lass, who plays her pranks  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THOSE_WORDS_WERE_UTTERED_AS_IN" id="THOSE_WORDS_WERE_UTTERED_AS_IN"></a>"THOSE WORDS WERE UTTERED AS IN
+PENSIVE MOOD"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">&mdash;&mdash;"they are of the sky,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And from our earthly memory fade away."<a name="FNanchor_A_89" id="FNanchor_A_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_89" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></span><br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Those<a name="FNanchor_1_83" id="FNanchor_1_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_83" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> words were uttered as in pensive mood<a name="FNanchor_2_84" id="FNanchor_2_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_84" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We turned, departing from<a name="FNanchor_3_85" id="FNanchor_3_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_85" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> that solemn sight:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A contrast and reproach to<a name="FNanchor_4_86" id="FNanchor_4_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_86" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> gross delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And life's unspiritual pleasures daily wooed!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But now upon this thought I cannot brood;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is unstable as a dream of night;<a name="FNanchor_5_87" id="FNanchor_5_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_87" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor will I praise a cloud, however bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disparaging Man's gifts, and proper food.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Grove, isle, with every shape of sky-built dome,<a name="FNanchor_6_88" id="FNanchor_6_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_88" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though clad in colours beautiful and pure,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Find in the heart of man no natural home:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The immortal Mind craves objects that endure:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These cleave to it; from these it cannot roam,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor they from it: their fellowship is secure.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_83" id="Footnote_1_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_83"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1838.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">These ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_84" id="Footnote_2_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_84"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... utter'd in a pensive mood.        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_85" id="Footnote_3_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_85"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Even while mine eyes were on ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Mine eyes yet lingering on ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_86" id="Footnote_4_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_86"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A silent counter part of ... <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_87" id="Footnote_5_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_87"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1827.<br />
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">It is unstable, and deserts me quite; ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_88" id="Footnote_6_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_88"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The Grove, the sky-built Temple, and the Dome,        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_89" id="Footnote_A_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_89"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See the sonnet <i>Composed after a Journey across the Hambleton Hills,
+Yorkshire</i>, vol. ii. p. 349.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WITH_HOW_SAD_STEPS_O_MOON_THOU" id="WITH_HOW_SAD_STEPS_O_MOON_THOU"></a>"WITH HOW SAD STEPS, O MOON, THOU
+CLIMB'ST THE SKY"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>In the edition of 1815, this was placed among the "Poems
+of the Fancy." In 1820 it became one of the "Miscellaneous
+Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"How silently, and with how wan a face!"<a name="FNanchor_A_94" id="FNanchor_A_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_94" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where art thou? Thou so often seen on high<a name="FNanchor_1_90" id="FNanchor_1_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_90" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Running among the clouds a Wood-nymph's race!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unhappy Nuns, whose common breath's a sigh    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which they would stifle, move at such a pace!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The northern Wind, to call thee to the chase,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must blow to-night his bugle horn. Had I<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The power of Merlin, Goddess! this should be:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the stars, fast as the clouds were riven,<a name="FNanchor_2_91" id="FNanchor_2_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_91" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span><span class="i0">Should sally forth, to keep thee company,<a name="FNanchor_3_92" id="FNanchor_3_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_92" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue heaven;<a name="FNanchor_4_93" id="FNanchor_4_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_93" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, Cynthia! should to thee the palm be given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Queen both for beauty and for majesty.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The sonnet of Sir Philip Sidney's, from which the two first
+lines are taken, is No. <span class="allcapsc">XXXI.</span> in <i>Astrophel and Stella</i>. In the
+edition of 1807 these lines were printed, not as a sonnet, but as
+No. <span class="allcapsc">III.</span> in the series of "Poems composed during a Tour, chiefly
+on foot;" and in 1807 and 1815 the first two lines were
+placed within quotation marks.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_90" id="Footnote_1_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_90"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Thou whom I have seen on high  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_91" id="Footnote_2_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_91"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And all the Stars, now shrouded up in heaven, <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And the keen Stars, fast as the clouds were riven, <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_92" id="Footnote_3_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_92"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Should sally forth, an emulous Company, <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 returns to that of 1807.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_93" id="Footnote_4_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_93"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1840.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">What strife would then be yours, fair Creatures, driv'n</span><br />
+<span class="var">Now up, now down, and sparkling in your glee! <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven; <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">All hurrying with thee through the clear blue heaven; <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">In that keen sport along the plain, of heaven; <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var12h">... in emulous company</span><br />
+<span class="var">Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven; <span class="yearnum">1838 and <span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue Heaven. <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With emulous brightness through the clear blue Heaven. <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_94" id="Footnote_A_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_94"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> From a sonnet of Sir Philip Sydney.&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_WORLD_IS_TOO_MUCH_WITH_US" id="THE_WORLD_IS_TOO_MUCH_WITH_US"></a>"THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US;
+LATE AND SOON"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The world is too much with us; late and soon,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Little we see in Nature that is ours;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This<a name="FNanchor_1_95" id="FNanchor_1_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_95" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The winds that will be howling at all hours,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For this, for every thing, we are out of tune;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It moves us not.&mdash;Great God! I'd rather be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,<a name="FNanchor_A_97" id="FNanchor_A_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_97" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have sight of Proteus rising<a name="FNanchor_2_96" id="FNanchor_2_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_96" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> from the sea;<a name="FNanchor_B_98" id="FNanchor_B_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_98" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.<a name="FNanchor_C_99" id="FNanchor_C_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_99" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The "pleasant lea" referred to in this sonnet is unknown. It
+may have been on the Cumbrian coast, or in the Isle of Man.</p>
+
+<p>I am indebted to the Rev. Canon Ainger for suggesting
+an (unconscious) reminiscence of Spenser in the last line of
+the sonnet. Compare Dr. Arnold's commentary (<i>Miscellaneous
+Works of Thomas Arnold</i>, p. 311), and that of Sir Henry
+Taylor in his <i>Notes from Books</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_95" id="Footnote_1_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_95"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The ...        <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_96" id="Footnote_2_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_96"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... coming ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_97" id="Footnote_A_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_97"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See Spenser's <i>Colin Clout's come Home againe</i>, l. 283&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A goodly pleasant lea."<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_98" id="Footnote_B_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_98"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare <i>Paradise Lost</i>, book iii. l. 603.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_99" id="Footnote_C_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_99"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> See <i>Colin Clout's come Home againe</i>, ll. 244-5&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Of them the shepheard which hath charge in chief,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Is Triton, blowing loud his wreathèd horne.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WITH_SHIPS_THE_SEA_WAS_SPRINKLED" id="WITH_SHIPS_THE_SEA_WAS_SPRINKLED"></a>"WITH SHIPS THE SEA WAS SPRINKLED
+FAR AND NIGH"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh,<a name="FNanchor_A_100" id="FNanchor_A_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_100" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like stars in heaven, and joyously it showed;</span><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span><span class="i0">Some lying fast at anchor in the road,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some veering up and down, one knew not why.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A goodly Vessel did I then espy    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Come like a giant from a haven broad;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lustily along the bay she strode,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her tackling rich, and of apparel high.<a name="FNanchor_B_101" id="FNanchor_B_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_101" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Ship was nought to me, nor I to her,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet I pursued her with a Lover's look;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Ship to all the rest did I prefer:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When will she turn, and whither? She will brook<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No tarrying; where She comes the winds must stir:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On went She, and due north her journey took.<a name="FNanchor_C_102" id="FNanchor_C_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_102" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_100" id="Footnote_A_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_100"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>The Excursion</i>, book iv. l. 1197&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">... sea with ships</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Sprinkled ...<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_101" id="Footnote_B_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_101"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> In the editions of 1815 to 1832 (but not in 1807) this line was printed
+within inverted commas. The quotation marks were dropped, however, in
+subsequent editions (as in the quotation from Spenser, in the poem <i>Beggars</i>).
+In a note at the end of the volumes of 1807, Wordsworth says, "From a
+passage in Skelton, which I cannot here insert, not having the Book at hand."
+</p><p>
+The passage is as follows&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Her takelynge ryche, and of hye apparayle.</span><br />
+<span class="i6">Skelton's <i>Bowge of Courte</i>, stanza vi.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_102" id="Footnote_C_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_102"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> See Professor H. Reed's note to the American edition of <i>Memoirs of
+Wordsworth</i>, vol. i. p. 335; and Wordsworth's comment on Mrs. Fermor's
+criticism of this sonnet in his letter to Lady Beaumont, May 21, 1807.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WHERE_LIES_THE_LAND_TO_WHICH_YON" id="WHERE_LIES_THE_LAND_TO_WHICH_YON"></a>"WHERE LIES THE LAND TO WHICH YON
+SHIP MUST GO?"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fresh as a lark mounting at break of day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Festively she puts forth in trim array;<a name="FNanchor_1_103" id="FNanchor_1_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_103" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is she for tropic suns, or polar snow?</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">What boots the inquiry?&mdash;Neither friend nor foe    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She cares for; let her travel where she may,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She finds familiar names, a beaten way<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ever before her, and a wind to blow.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet still I ask, what haven is her mark?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, almost as it was when ships were rare,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(From time to time, like Pilgrims, here and there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Crossing the waters) doubt, and something dark,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the old Sea some reverential fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is with me at thy farewell, joyous Bark!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_103" id="Footnote_1_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_103"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Festively she puts forth in trim array;</span><br />
+<span class="var">As vigorous as a Lark at break of day:      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_SLEEP" id="TO_SLEEP"></a>TO SLEEP</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O gentle sleep! do they belong to thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These twinklings of oblivion? Thou dost love<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To sit in meekness, like the brooding Dove,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A captive never wishing to be free.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This tiresome night, O Sleep! thou art to me    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Fly, that up and down himself doth shove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon a fretful rivulet, now above<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now on the water vexed with mockery.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I have no pain that calls for patience, no;<a name="FNanchor_A_106" id="FNanchor_A_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_106" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence am I<a name="FNanchor_1_104" id="FNanchor_1_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_104" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> cross and peevish as a child:    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Am<a name="FNanchor_2_105" id="FNanchor_2_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_105" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> pleased by fits to have thee for my foe,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Yet ever willing to be reconciled:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O gentle Creature! do not use me so,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But once and deeply let me be beguiled.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_104" id="Footnote_1_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_104"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I am ...        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_105" id="Footnote_2_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_105"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And ...        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_106" id="Footnote_A_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_106"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare&mdash;"Et c'est encore ce qui me fâche, de n'etre pas même en
+droit de ... fâcher."&mdash;Rousseau, <i>La Nouvelle Héloïse</i>.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Vixque tenet lacrymas; quia nil lacrymabile cernit."</span><br />
+<span class="i6">
+Ovid, <i>Metamorphoses</i>, lib. ii. l. 796.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_SLEEP_1" id="TO_SLEEP_1"></a>TO SLEEP</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Fond words have oft been spoken to thee, Sleep!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thou hast had thy store of tenderest names;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The very sweetest, Fancy culls or frames,<a name="FNanchor_1_107" id="FNanchor_1_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_107" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When thankfulness of heart is strong and deep!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dear Bosom-child we call thee, that dost steep      <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In rich reward all suffering; Balm that tames<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All anguish; Saint that evil thoughts and aims<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Takest away, and into souls dost creep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like to a breeze from heaven. Shall I alone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I surely not a man ungently made,      <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Call thee worst Tyrant by which Flesh is crost?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perverse, self-willed to own and to disown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mere slave of them who never for thee prayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still last to come where thou art wanted most!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_107" id="Footnote_1_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_107"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The very sweetest words that fancy frames  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_SLEEP_2" id="TO_SLEEP_2"></a>TO SLEEP</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A flock of sheep that leisurely pass by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One after one; the sound of rain, and bees<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Murmuring; the fall of rivers, winds and seas,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Smooth fields, white sheets of water, and pure sky;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">I have thought of all by turns, and yet do lie<a name="FNanchor_1_108" id="FNanchor_1_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_108" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sleepless<a name="FNanchor_A_110" id="FNanchor_A_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_110" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>! and soon the small birds' melodies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must hear, first uttered from my orchard trees;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the first cuckoo's melancholy cry.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even thus last night, and two nights more, I lay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And could not win thee, Sleep! by any stealth:    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So do not let me wear to-night away:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without Thee what is all the morning's wealth?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Come, blessed barrier between<a name="FNanchor_2_109" id="FNanchor_2_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_109" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> day and day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare Ovid, <i>Metamorphoses</i>, book xi. l. 623; <i>Macbeth</i>,
+act <span class="allcapsc">II.</span> scene ii. l. 39; <i>King Henry IV.</i>, Part II., act <span class="allcapsc">III.</span> scene i.
+l. 5; <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">III.</span> scene ii. l. 435.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_108" id="Footnote_1_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_108"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I've thought of all by turns; and still I lie <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">By turns have all been thought of; yet I lie <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I thought of all by turns, and yet I lie <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I have thought ...      <span class="yearnum">1838.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_109" id="Footnote_2_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_109"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... betwixt ...      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... between night and day, <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_110" id="Footnote_A_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_110"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>The Faërie Queene</i>, book <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> canto i. stanza 41&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And more to lulle him in his slumber soft,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And ever-drizling raine upon the loft,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_THE_MEMORY_OF_RAISLEY_CALVERT" id="TO_THE_MEMORY_OF_RAISLEY_CALVERT"></a>TO THE MEMORY OF RAISLEY CALVERT</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[This young man, Raisley Calvert, to whom I was so much
+indebted, died at Penrith, 1795.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Calvert! it must not be unheard by them<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who may respect my name, that I to thee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Owed many years of early liberty.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">This care was thine when sickness did condemn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy youth to hopeless wasting, root and stem&mdash;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That I, if frugal and severe, might stray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where'er I liked; and finally array<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My temples with the Muse's diadem.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence, if in freedom I have loved the truth;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If there be aught of pure, or good, or great,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In my past verse; or shall be, in the lays<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of higher mood, which now I meditate;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It gladdens me, O worthy, short-lived, Youth!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To think how much of this will be thy praise.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Raisley Calvert was the son of R. Calvert, steward to the
+Duke of Norfolk. Writing to Sir George Beaumont, on the
+20th February 1805, Wordsworth said, "I should have been
+forced into one of the professions" (the church or law) "by
+necessity, had not a friend left me £900. This bequest was
+from a young man with whom, though I call him friend, I had
+but little connection; and the act was done entirely from a
+confidence on his part that I had powers and attainments which
+might be of use to mankind.... Upon the interest of the
+£900, and £100 legacy to my sister, and £100 more which
+the 'Lyrical Ballads' have brought me, my sister and I contrived
+to live seven years, nearly eight." To his friend Matthews he
+wrote, November 7th, 1794, "My friend" (Calvert) "has
+every symptom of a confirmed consumption, and I cannot think
+of quitting him in his present debilitated state." And in
+January 1795 he wrote to Matthews from Penrith (where
+Calvert was staying), "I have been here for some time. I am
+still much engaged with my sick friend; and am sorry to add
+that he worsens daily ... he is barely alive." In a letter to
+Dr. Joshua Stanger of Keswick, written in the year 1842,
+Wordsworth referred thus to Raisley Calvert. Dr. Calvert&mdash;a
+nephew of Raisley, and son of the W. Calvert whom the poet
+accompanied to the Isle of Wight and Salisbury in 1793&mdash;had
+just died. "His removal (Dr. Calvert's) has naturally thrown
+my mind back as far as Dr. Calvert's grandfather, his father,
+and sister (the former of whom was, as you know, among my
+intimate friends), and his uncle Raisley, whom I have so much
+cause to remember with gratitude for his testamentary remembrance
+of me, when the greatest part of my patrimony was
+kept back from us by injustice. It may be satisfactory to your<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+wife for me to declare that my friend's bequest enabled me to
+devote myself to literary pursuits, independent of any necessity
+to look at pecuniary emolument, so that my talents, such as they
+might be, were free to take their natural course. Your brothers
+Raisley and William were both so well known to me, and I
+have so many reasons to respect them, that I cannot forbear
+saying, that my sympathy with this last bereavement is deepened
+by the remembrance that they both have been taken from
+you...." On October 1, 1794, Wordsworth wrote from
+Keswick to Ensign William Calvert about his brother Raisley.
+(The year is not given in the letter, but it must have been
+1794.) He tells him that Raisley was determined to set out
+for Lisbon; but that he (Wordsworth) could not brook the
+idea of his going alone; and that he wished to accompany his
+friend and stay with him, till his health was re-established.
+He adds, "Reflecting that his return is uncertain, your brother
+requests me to inform you that he has drawn out his will, which
+he means to get executed in London. The purport of his will
+is to leave you all his property, real and personal, chargeable
+with a legacy of £600 to me, in case that, on inquiry into the
+state of our affairs in London, he should think it advisable to
+do so. It is at my request that this information is communicated
+to you." Calvert did not live to go south; and he changed
+the sum left to Wordsworth from £600 to £900. The relationship
+of the two men suggests the somewhat parallel one between
+Spinoza and Simon de Vries.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="METHOUGHT_I_SAW_THE_FOOTSTEPS" id="METHOUGHT_I_SAW_THE_FOOTSTEPS"></a>"METHOUGHT I SAW THE FOOTSTEPS
+OF A THRONE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[The latter part of this sonnet was a great favourite with
+my sister S. H. When I saw her lying in death, I could not
+resist the impulse to compose the Sonnet that follows it.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which mists and vapours from mine eyes did shroud&mdash;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Nor view of who might sit<a name="FNanchor_1_111" id="FNanchor_1_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_111" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> thereon allowed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But all the steps and ground about were strown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With sights the ruefullest that flesh and bone    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ever put on; a miserable crowd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sick, hale, old, young, who cried before that cloud,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Thou art our king, O Death! to thee we groan."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those steps I clomb; the mists before me gave<a name="FNanchor_2_112" id="FNanchor_2_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_112" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Smooth way; and I beheld the face of one    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sleeping alone within a mossy cave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With her face up to heaven; that seemed to have<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A lovely Beauty in a summer grave!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"The Sonnet that follows," referred to in the Fenwick note,
+is one belonging to the year 1836, beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Even so for me a Vision sanctified.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See the note to that sonnet.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_111" id="Footnote_1_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_111"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... of him who sate ...  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_112" id="Footnote_2_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_112"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I seem'd to mount those steps; the vapours gave  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Those steps I mounted, as the vapours gave   <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... while the vapours gave <span class="yearnum">1838.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Those steps I clomb; the opening vapours gave  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1840.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LINES" id="LINES"></a>LINES</h2>
+
+<p class="hang">Composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening, after a
+stormy day, the Author having just read in a Newspaper
+that the dissolution of Mr. Fox was hourly expected.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Composed September 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+<p>This poem was ranked among the "Epitaphs and Elegiac
+Pieces."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Loud is the Vale! the Voice is up<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With which she speaks when storms are gone,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">A mighty unison of streams!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of all her Voices, One!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Loud is the Vale;&mdash;this inland Depth    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In peace is roaring like the Sea;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yon star upon the mountain-top<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is listening quietly.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Sad was I, even to pain deprest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Importunate and heavy load!<a name="FNanchor_A_114" id="FNanchor_A_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_114" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Comforter hath found me here,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon this lonely road;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And many thousands now are sad&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wait the fulfilment of their fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For he must die who is their stay,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their glory disappear.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A Power is passing from the earth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To breathless Nature's dark abyss;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But when the great and good depart<a name="FNanchor_1_113" id="FNanchor_1_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_113" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What is it more than this&mdash;   <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That Man, who is from God sent forth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doth yet again to God return?&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such ebb and flow must ever be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then wherefore should we mourn?<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Charles James Fox died September 13, 1806. He was
+Minister for Foreign Affairs at the time, having assumed office
+on the 5th February, shortly after the death of William Pitt.
+Wordsworth's sadness on this occasion, his recognition of Fox
+as great and good, and as "a Power" that was "passing from
+the earth," may have been due partly to personal and political
+sympathy, but also probably to Fox's appreciation of the better<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+side of the French Revolution, and to his welcoming the
+pacific proposals of Talleyrand, perhaps also to his efforts for
+the abolition of slavery.</p>
+
+<p>The "lonely road" referred to in these <i>Lines</i>, was, in all
+likelihood, the path from Town-end towards the Swan Inn
+past the Hollins, Grasmere. A "mighty unison of streams"
+may be heard there any autumn evening after a stormy day,
+and especially after long continued rain, the sound of waters
+from Easdale, from Greenhead Ghyll, and the slopes of Silver
+How, blending with that of the Rothay in the valley below.
+Compare Dorothy Wordsworth's <i>Recollections of a Tour made
+in Scotland</i>, in 1803, p. 229 (edition 1874).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_113" id="Footnote_1_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_113"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But when the Mighty pass away      <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_114" id="Footnote_A_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_114"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Importuna e grave salma. (Michael Angelo.)&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NOVEMBER_1806" id="NOVEMBER_1806"></a>NOVEMBER, 1806</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty," re-named
+in 1845, "Poems dedicated to National Independence
+and Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Another year!-another deadly blow!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Another mighty Empire overthrown!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And We are left, or shall be left, alone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The last that dare<a name="FNanchor_1_115" id="FNanchor_1_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_115" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> to struggle with the Foe.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis well! from this day forward we shall know    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That in ourselves our safety must be sought;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That by our own right hands it must be wrought;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That we must stand unpropped, or be laid low.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O dastard whom such foretaste<a name="FNanchor_2_116" id="FNanchor_2_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_116" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> doth not cheer!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We shall exult, if they who rule the land    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be men who hold its many blessings dear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wise, upright, valiant; not a servile<a name="FNanchor_3_117" id="FNanchor_3_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_117" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> band,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Who are to judge of danger which they fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And honour which they do not understand.<a name="FNanchor_A_118" id="FNanchor_A_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_118" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Napoleon won the battle of Jena on the 14th October 1806,
+entered Potsdam on the 25th, and Berlin on the 28th; Prince
+Hohenlohe laid down his arms on the 6th November; Blücher
+surrendered at Lübeck on the 7th; Magdeburg was taken
+on the 8th; on the 14th the French occupied Hanover; and
+on the 21st Napoleon issued his Berlin decree for the blockade
+of England&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_115" id="Footnote_1_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_115"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... dares ...   <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_116" id="Footnote_2_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_116"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... knowledge ...  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_117" id="Footnote_3_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_117"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... venal ...   <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_118" id="Footnote_A_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_118"><span class="label">[A]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Who are to judge of danger which they fear</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And honour which they do not understand.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+These two lines from Lord Brooke's <i>Life of Sir Philip Sydney</i>&mdash;W. W.
+1807.
+</p><p>
+"Danger which they fear, and honour which they understand not."
+Words in Lord Brooke's <i>Life of Sir P. Sidney</i>.&mdash;W. W. 1837.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADDRESS_TO_A_CHILD" id="ADDRESS_TO_A_CHILD"></a>ADDRESS TO A CHILD</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">During a Boisterous Winter Evening</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">By my Sister</span></h4>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What way does the Wind come? What way does he go?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He rides over the water, and over the snow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through wood, and through vale; and, o'er rocky height<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which the goat cannot climb, takes his sounding flight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He tosses about in every bare tree,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As, if you look up, you plainly may see;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But how he will come, and whither he goes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's never a scholar in England knows.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">He will suddenly stop in a cunning nook,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ring<a name="FNanchor_1_119" id="FNanchor_1_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_119" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> a sharp 'larum;&mdash;but, if you should look,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's nothing to see but a cushion of snow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Round as a pillow, and whiter than milk,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And softer than if it were covered with silk.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sometimes he'll hide in the cave of a rock,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then whistle as shrill as the buzzard cock;    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Yet seek him,&mdash;and what shall you find in the place?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nothing but silence and empty space;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Save, in a corner, a heap of dry leaves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he's left, for a bed, to<a name="FNanchor_2_120" id="FNanchor_2_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_120" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> beggars or thieves!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As soon as 'tis daylight to-morrow, with me    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You shall go to the orchard, and then you will see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he has been there, and made a great rout,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And cracked the branches, and strewn them about;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Heaven grant that he spare but that one upright twig<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That looked up at the sky so proud and big    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All last summer, as well you know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Studded with apples, a beautiful show!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hark! over the roof he makes a pause,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And growls as if he would fix his claws<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Right in the slates, and with a huge rattle    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Drive them down, like men in a battle:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But let him range round; he does us no harm,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We build up the fire, we're snug and warm;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Untouched by his breath see the candle shines bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And burns with a clear and steady light;    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Books have we to read,&mdash;but that half-stifled knell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! tis the sound<a name="FNanchor_3_121" id="FNanchor_3_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_121" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> of the eight o'clock bell.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Come now we'll to bed! and when we are there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He may work his own will, and what shall we care?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He may knock at the door,&mdash;we'll not let him in;    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May drive at the windows,&mdash;we'll laugh at his din;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let him seek his own home wherever it be;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here's a <i>cozie</i> warm house for Edward and me.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Wordsworth dated this poem 1806, and said to Miss
+Fenwick that it was written at Grasmere. If it was written
+"during a boisterous winter evening" in 1806, it could not
+have been written at Grasmere; because the Wordsworths spent
+most of that winter at Coleorton. I am inclined to believe that
+the date which the poet gave is wrong, and that the <i>Address</i>
+really belongs to the year 1805; but, as it is just possible that&mdash;although
+referring to winter&mdash;it may have been written at Town-end
+in the summer of 1806, it is placed among the poems belonging
+to the latter year.</p>
+
+<p>This <i>Address</i> was translated into French by Mme. Amable
+Tastu, and published in a popular school-book series of extracts,
+but Wordsworth's name is not given along with the translation.</p>
+
+<p>From 1815 to 1843 the authorship was veiled under the
+title, "by a female Friend of the Author." In 1845, it was
+disclosed, "by my Sister."</p>
+
+<p>In 1815 Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, "We were
+glad to see the poems 'by a female friend.' The one of the
+Wind is masterly, but not new to us. Being only three,
+perhaps you might have clapt a D. at the corner, and let it
+have past as a printer's mark to the uninitiated, as a delightful
+hint to the better instructed. As it is, expect a formal criticism
+on the poems of your female friend, and she must expect it."
+(<i>The Letters of Charles Lamb</i>, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. i.
+p. 285.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_119" id="Footnote_1_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_119"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... rings ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_120" id="Footnote_2_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_120"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... for ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_121" id="Footnote_3_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_121"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... &mdash;hush! that half-stifled knell,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Methinks 'tis the sound ... <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BROOK_WHOSE_SOCIETY_THE_POET" id="BROOK_WHOSE_SOCIETY_THE_POET"></a>"BROOK! WHOSE SOCIETY THE POET
+SEEKS"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806?&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Brook! whose society the Poet seeks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intent his wasted spirits to renew;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And whom the curious Painter doth pursue<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through rocky passes, among flowery creeks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tracks thee dancing down thy water-breaks;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If wish were mine some type of thee to view,<a name="FNanchor_1_122" id="FNanchor_1_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_122" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thee, and not thee thyself, I would not do<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like Grecian Artists, give thee human cheeks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Channels for tears; no Naiad should'st thou be,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have neither limbs, feet, feathers, joints nor hairs:    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It seems the Eternal Soul is clothed in thee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With purer robes than those of flesh and blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hath bestowed on thee a safer good;<a name="FNanchor_2_123" id="FNanchor_2_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_123" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unwearied joy, and life without its cares.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_122" id="Footnote_1_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_122"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">If I some type of thee did wish to view,  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_123" id="Footnote_2_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_123"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... a better good;    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THERE_IS_A_LITTLE_UNPRETENDING_RILL" id="THERE_IS_A_LITTLE_UNPRETENDING_RILL"></a>"THERE IS A LITTLE UNPRETENDING RILL"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806?&mdash;Published 1820</p>
+
+
+<p>[This Rill trickles down the hill-side into Windermere, near
+Low-wood. My sister and I, on our first visit together to this
+part of the country, walked from Kendal, and we rested to
+refresh ourselves by the side of the lake where the streamlet
+falls into it. This sonnet was written some years after in
+recollection of that happy ramble, that most happy day and
+hour.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">There is a little unpretending Rill<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of limpid water, humbler far than aught<a name="FNanchor_1_124" id="FNanchor_1_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_124" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">That ever among Men or Naiads sought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Notice or name!&mdash;It quivers down the hill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Furrowing its shallow way with dubious will;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet to my mind this scanty Stream is brought<a name="FNanchor_2_125" id="FNanchor_2_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_125" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oftener than Ganges or the Nile; a thought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of private recollection sweet and still!<a name="FNanchor_3_126" id="FNanchor_3_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_126" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Months perish with their moons; year treads on year;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, faithful Emma! thou with me canst say    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That, while ten thousand pleasures disappear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And flies their memory fast almost as they,<a name="FNanchor_4_127" id="FNanchor_4_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_127" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The immortal Spirit of one happy day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lingers beside that Rill,<a name="FNanchor_5_128" id="FNanchor_5_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_128" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> in vision clear.<a name="FNanchor_6_129" id="FNanchor_6_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_129" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>One of the MS. readings of the ninth line of this sonnet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+gives the date of the incident as "now seven years gone"; but
+I leave the date of composition undetermined. If we could
+know accurately the date of the "first visit" to the district with
+his sister (referred to in the Fenwick note), and if we could
+implicitly trust this MS. reading, it might be possible to fix it;
+but we can do neither. Wordsworth visited the Lake District
+with his sister as early as 1794, and in December 1799 he took
+up his abode with her at Dove Cottage. I have no doubt that
+the sonnet belongs to the year 1806, or was composed at an
+earlier date. As to the locality of the rill, the late Rev. R.
+Perceval Graves, of Dublin, wrote to me:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"It was in 1843, when quitting the parsonage at Bowness,
+I went to reside at Dovenest, that, calling one day at Rydal
+Mount, I was told by both Mr. and Mrs. Wordsworth, as a
+fact in which I should take a special interest, that the 'little
+unpretending rill' associated by the poet with 'the immortal
+spirit of one happy day,' was the rill which, rising near High
+Skelgill at the back of Wansfell, descends steeply down the
+hill-side, passes behind the house at Dovenest, and crossing
+beneath the road, enters the lake near the gate of the drive
+which leads up to Dovenest.</p>
+
+<p>"The authority on which I give this information is decisive
+of the question. I have often traced upwards the course of the
+rill; and the secluded hollow, which by its source is beautified
+with fresh herbage and wild straggling bushes, was a favourite
+haunt of mine."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_124" id="Footnote_1_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_124"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There is a tiny water, neither rill,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Motionless well, nor running brook, nor aught <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There is a noiseless water, neither rill,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Nor spring enclosed in sculptured stone, nor aught  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There is a trickling water, neither rill,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Fountain inclosed, or rivulet, nor aught      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span> 1806.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_125" id="Footnote_2_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_125"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10">... It trickles down the hill,</span><br />
+<span class="var">So feebly, just for love of power and will,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Yet to my mind the nameless thing is brought      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10">... It totters down the hill,</span><br />
+<span class="var">So feebly, quite forlorn of power and will;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Yet nameless Thing it to my mind is brought      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_126" id="Footnote_3_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_126"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Oftener than mightiest Floods, whose path is wrought</span><br />
+<span class="var">Through wastes of sand, and forests dark and chill.      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_127" id="Footnote_4_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_127"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Do thou, even thou, O faithful Anna! say</span><br />
+<span class="var">Why this small Streamlet is to me so dear;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Thou know'st, that while enjoyments disappear</span><br />
+<span class="var">And sweet remembrances like flowers decay,      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_128" id="Footnote_5_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_128"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Lingers upon its marge, ...      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_129" id="Footnote_6_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_129"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For on that day, now seven years gone, when first</span><br />
+<span class="var">Two glad foot-travellers, through sun and shower</span><br />
+<span class="var">My Love and I came hither, while thanks burst</span><br />
+<span class="var">Out of our hearts ...</span><br />
+<span class="var">We from that blessed water slaked our thirst.      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... seven years back, ...</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var8">... hearts to God for that good hour,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Eating a traveller's meal in shady bower,</span><br />
+<span class="var">We ...      <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1807" id="Year_1807"></a>1807</h2>
+
+
+<p>In few instances is it more evident that the dates which Wordsworth
+affixed to his poems, in the editions of 1815, 1820,
+1836, and 1845,&mdash;and those assigned in the Fenwick notes&mdash;cannot
+be absolutely relied upon, than in the case of the
+poems referring to Coleorton. Trusting to these dates, in the
+absence of contrary evidence, one would naturally assign the
+majority of the Coleorton poems to the year 1808. But it
+is clear that, while the sonnet <a href="#TO_LADY_BEAUMONT"><i>To Lady Beaumont</i></a> may have
+been written in 1806, the "Inscription" <a href="#FOR_A_SEAT_IN_THE_GROVES_OF"><i>For a Seat in the
+Groves of Coleorton</i></a>, beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>was written, not in 1808 (as stated by Wordsworth himself),
+but in 1811; and that the other "Inscription" designed for a
+Niche in the Winter-garden at Coleorton, belongs (I think) to
+the same year; a year in which he also wrote the sonnet on Sir
+George Beaumont's picture of Bredon Hill and Cloud Hill,
+beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>When the dates are so difficult to determine, there is a
+natural fitness in bringing all the poems referring to Coleorton
+together, so far as this can be done without seriously interfering
+with chronological order. The two "Inscriptions" intended for
+the Coleorton grounds, which were written at Grasmere in
+1811, are therefore printed along with the poems of 1807; the
+precise date of each being given&mdash;so far as it can be ascertained&mdash;underneath
+its title.</p>
+
+<p>Several political sonnets, and others, were written in 1807;
+also the <a href="#SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM"><i>Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle</i></a>, and the first and
+larger part of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>, with a few minor
+fragments. But, for reasons stated in the notes to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span><a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White
+Doe of Rylstone</i></a> (see <a href="#Page_191">p. 191</a>), I have assigned that poem to the
+year 1808. The <a href="#SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM"><i>Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle</i></a> forms as
+natural a preface to <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a>, as <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer, a
+Tradition of Bolton Abbey</i></a>, is its natural appendix. The latter
+was written, however, before <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a> was
+finished.</p>
+
+<p>It would be easier to fix the date of some of the poems
+written between the years 1806 and 1808, if we knew the exact
+month in which the two volumes of 1807 were published; but
+this, I fear, it is impossible to discover now.</p>
+
+<p>On November 10th, 1806, Wordsworth wrote to Sir George
+Beaumont from Coleorton, "In a day or two I mean to send a
+sheet or two of my intended volume to the press" (evidently
+referring to the "Poems" of 1807). On the following day&mdash;11th
+November 1806&mdash;Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady Beaumont,
+"William has written two other poems, which you will
+see when they are printed. He composes frequently in the
+grove.... We have not yet received a sheet from the printer."
+On the 15th November 1806 she again wrote to Lady Beaumont
+(from Coleorton), "My brother works very hard at his poems,
+preparing them for the press. Miss Hutchinson is the transcriber."
+In a subsequent letter from Coleorton, undated, but
+bearing the post-mark February 18, 1807, she is speaking of
+her brother's poetical labour, and says, "He must go on, when
+he begins: and any interruptions (such as attending to the
+progress of the workmen and planning the garden) are of the
+greatest use to him; for, after a certain time, the progress is by
+no means proportioned to the labour in composition; and if he
+is called from it by other thoughts, he returns to it with ten
+times the pleasure, and the work goes on proportionately the
+more rapidly." From this we may infer that the years 1806-7
+were productive ones, but it is disappointing that the dates of
+the composition of the poems are so difficult to determine.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_LADY_BEAUMONT" id="TO_LADY_BEAUMONT"></a>TO LADY BEAUMONT</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[The winter garden of Coleorton, fashioned out of an old
+quarry, under the superintendence and direction of Mrs. Wordsworth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+and my sister Dorothy, during the winter and spring we
+resided there.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Lady! the songs of Spring were in the grove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While I was shaping beds for<a name="FNanchor_1_130" id="FNanchor_1_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_130" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> winter flowers;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While I was planting green unfading bowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And shrubs&mdash;to hang upon the warm alcove,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sheltering wall; and still, as Fancy wove    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dream, to time and nature's blended powers<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I gave this paradise for winter hours,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A labyrinth, Lady! which your feet shall rove.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yes! when the sun of life more feebly shines,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Becoming thoughts, I trust, of solemn gloom    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or of high gladness you shall hither bring;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And these perennial bowers and murmuring pines<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be gracious as the music and the bloom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the mighty ravishment of spring.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The title, <i>To Lady Beaumont</i>, was first given in 1845. In
+1807 it was <i>To the &mdash;&mdash;</i>; in 1815, <i>To the Lady &mdash;&mdash;</i>; and
+from 1820 to 1843, <i>To the Lady Beaumont</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This winter garden, fashioned by the Wordsworths out of
+the old quarry at Coleorton, during Sir George and Lady
+Beaumont's absence in 1807, exists very much as it was at the
+beginning of the century. The "perennial bowers and murmuring
+pines" may still be seen, little altered since 1807. The
+late Sir George Beaumont (whose grandfather was first-cousin
+to the artist Sir George, Wordsworth's friend), with strong
+reverence for the past, and for the traditions of literary men
+which have made the district famous since the days of his
+ancestor Beaumont the dramatist, and especially for the
+memorials of Wordsworth's ten months' residence at Coleorton,&mdash;took
+a pleasure in preserving these memorials, very much as
+they were when he entered in possession of the estates of his
+ancestors.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> Such a reverence for the past is not only consistent
+with the "improvement" of an estate, and its belongings; it
+is a part of it. Wordsworth, and his wife and sister, were
+adepts in the laying out of grounds. (See the reference to the
+poet's joint labour with Wilkinson at Yanwath, <a href="#Page_2">p. 2</a>.) It was
+the Wordsworths also, I believe, who designed the grounds of
+Fox How&mdash;Dr. Arnold's residence, near Ambleside. Similar
+memorials of the poet survive at Hallsteads, Ullswater. The
+following is an extract from the letter of Dorothy Wordsworth to
+Lady Beaumont above referred to, and having the post-mark
+of February 18, 1807. "For more than a week we have
+had the most delightful weather. If William had but waited
+a few days, it would have been no anticipation when he said to
+you, 'the songs of Spring were in the grove;' for all this week
+the birds have chanted from morn till evening, larks, blackbirds,
+thrushes, and far more than I can name, and the busy rooks
+have joined their happy voices."</p>
+
+<p>Wordsworth, writing to Sir George Beaumont, November
+16, 1811, says, "I remember, Mr. Bowles, the poet, objected
+to the word 'ravishment' at the end of the sonnet to the winter-garden;
+yet it has the authority of all the first-rate poets, for
+instance, Milton:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">'In whose sight all things joy, <i>with ravishment</i>,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze'...."
+<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_130" id="Footnote_1_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_130"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... framing beds of ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... for ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_PROPHECY_FEBRUARY_1807" id="A_PROPHECY_FEBRUARY_1807"></a>A PROPHECY. FEBRUARY, 1807</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty,"
+re-named in 1845, "Poems dedicated to National Independence
+and Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">High deeds, O Germans, are to come from you!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus in your books the record shall be found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"A watchword was pronounced, a potent sound&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span><span class="i0"><span class="smcap">Arminius</span>!<a name="FNanchor_A_134" id="FNanchor_A_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_134" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>&mdash;all the people quaked like dew</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Stirred by the breeze; they rose, a Nation, true,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">True to herself<a name="FNanchor_1_131" id="FNanchor_1_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_131" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>&mdash;the mighty Germany,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She of the Danube and the Northern Sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She rose, and off at once the yoke she threw.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All power was given her in the dreadful trance;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those new-born Kings she withered like a flame."<a name="FNanchor_B_135" id="FNanchor_B_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_135" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Woe to them all! but heaviest woe and shame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To that Bavarian who could<a name="FNanchor_2_132" id="FNanchor_2_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_132" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> first advance<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His banner in accursed league with France,<a name="FNanchor_C_136" id="FNanchor_C_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_136" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">First open traitor to the German name!<a name="FNanchor_3_133" id="FNanchor_3_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_133" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_131" id="Footnote_1_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_131"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... itself ...     <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_132" id="Footnote_2_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_132"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... did ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_133" id="Footnote_3_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_133"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to her sacred name!     <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to a ...       <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_134" id="Footnote_A_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_134"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Arminius, or Hermann, the liberator of Germany from the Roman
+power, <span class="allcapsc">A.D.</span> 9-17. Tacitus says of him, "He was without doubt the deliverer
+of Germany; and, unlike other kings and generals, he attacked the Roman
+people, not at the commencement, but in the fullness of their power: in battles
+he was not always successful, but he was invincible in war. He still lives
+in the songs of the barbarians."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_135" id="Footnote_B_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_135"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> The "new-born Kings" were the lesser German potentates, united in
+the Confederation of the Rhine. By a treaty signed at Paris (July 12th,
+1806), by Talleyrand, and the ministers of twelve sovereign houses of the
+Empire, these princes declared themselves perpetually severed from Germany,
+and united together as the Confederate States of the Rhine, of which the
+Emperor of the French was declared Protector.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_136" id="Footnote_C_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_136"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> On December 11, 1806, Napoleon concluded a treaty with Frederick
+Augustus, the Elector of Saxony&mdash;who had been secretly on the side of
+France for some time&mdash;to whom he gave additional territories, and the
+title of King, admitting him into "the Confederation of the Rhine." He had
+fallen, as one of the Prussian statesmen put it, into "that lowest of degradations,
+to steal at another man's bidding."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THOUGHT_OF_A_BRITON_ON_THE" id="THOUGHT_OF_A_BRITON_ON_THE"></a>THOUGHT OF A BRITON ON THE
+SUBJUGATION OF SWITZERLAND</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[This was composed while pacing to and fro between the
+Hall of Coleorton, then rebuilding, and the principal Farmhouse
+of the Estate, in which we lived for nine or ten months.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>I will here mention that the <i>Song on the Restoration of Lord
+Clifford</i>, as well as that on the <i>Feast of Brougham Castle</i>, were
+produced on the same ground.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>This sonnet was classed among those "dedicated to Liberty,"
+re-named in 1845, "Poems dedicated to National Independence
+and Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Two Voices are there; one is of the sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One of the mountains; each a mighty Voice:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In both from age to age thou didst rejoice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They were thy chosen music, Liberty!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There came a Tyrant, and with holy glee    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou fought'st against him; but hast vainly striven:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou from thy Alpine holds at length art driven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where not a torrent murmurs heard by thee.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of one deep bliss thine ear hath been bereft:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then cleave, O cleave to that which still is left;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For, high-souled Maid, what sorrow would it be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Mountain floods should thunder as before,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Ocean bellow from his rocky shore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And neither awful Voice be heard by thee!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In 1807 the whole of the Continent of Europe was prostrate
+under the power of Napoleon. It is impossible to say to what
+special incident, if to any in particular, Wordsworth refers in
+the phrase, "with holy glee thou fought'st against him;" but,
+as the sonnet was composed at Coleorton in 1807&mdash;after
+the battles of Austerlitz and Jena, and Napoleon's practical
+mastery of Europe&mdash;our knowing the particular event or events
+in Swiss history to which he refers, would not add much to our
+understanding of the poem.</p>
+
+<p>In the Fenwick note Wordsworth incorrectly separates his
+<i>Song on the Restoration of Lord Clifford</i> from the <i>Feast of
+Brougham Castle</i>. They are the same song.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="TO_THOMAS_CLARKSON" id="TO_THOMAS_CLARKSON"></a>TO THOMAS CLARKSON, ON THE FINAL PASSING OF THE BILL FOR THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE, MARCH, 1807</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Poems dedicated to National Independence
+and Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Clarkson! it was an obstinate hill to climb:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How toilsome&mdash;nay, how dire&mdash;it was, by thee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is known; by none, perhaps, so feelingly:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But thou, who, starting in thy fervent prime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Didst first lead forth that enterprise<a name="FNanchor_1_137" id="FNanchor_1_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_137" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> sublime,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hast heard the constant Voice its charge repeat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, out of thy young heart's oracular seat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">First roused thee.&mdash;O true yoke-fellow of Time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Duty's intrepid liegeman, see,<a name="FNanchor_2_138" id="FNanchor_2_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_138" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> the palm<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is won, and by all Nations shall be worn!    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The blood-stained Writing is for ever torn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thou henceforth wilt have<a name="FNanchor_3_139" id="FNanchor_3_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_139" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> a good man's calm,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A great man's happiness; thy zeal shall find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Repose at length, firm friend of human kind!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>On the 25th of March 1807, the Royal assent was given to
+the Bill for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The movement
+for its abolition was begun by Wilberforce, and carried on by
+Clarkson. Its abolition was voted by the House of Lords on
+the motion of Lord Grenville, and by the Commons on the
+motion of Charles James Fox, on the 10th of June 1806. The
+bill was read a second time in the Lords on the 5th of February,
+and became law on the 25th of March 1807.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_137" id="Footnote_1_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_137"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... this pilgrimage ...  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_138" id="Footnote_2_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_138"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With unabating effort, see, ...<span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_139" id="Footnote_3_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_139"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The bloody Writing is for ever torn,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And Thou henceforth shalt have ... <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="THE_MOTHERS_RETURN" id="THE_MOTHERS_RETURN"></a>THE MOTHER'S RETURN</h2>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">By My Sister</span></h4>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A month, sweet Little-ones, is past<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Since your dear Mother went away,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she to-morrow will return;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To-morrow is the happy day.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O blessed tidings! thought of joy!    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The eldest heard with steady glee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Silent he stood; then laughed amain,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And shouted, "Mother, come to me!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Louder and louder did he shout,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With witless hope to bring her near;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Nay, patience! patience, little boy!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your tender mother cannot hear."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I told of hills, and far-off towns,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And long, long vales to travel through;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He listens, puzzled, sore perplexed,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But he submits; what can he do?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">No strife disturbs his sister's breast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She wars not with the mystery<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of time and distance, night and day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bonds of our humanity.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Her joy is like an instinct, joy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of kitten, bird, or summer fly;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She dances, runs without an aim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She chatters in her ecstasy.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span><span class="i0">Her brother now takes up the note,    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And echoes back his sister's glee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They hug the infant in my arms,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if to force his sympathy.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then, settling into fond discourse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We rested in the garden bower;    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While sweetly shone the evening sun<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In his departing hour.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We told o'er all that we had done,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our rambles by the swift brook's side<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far as the willow-skirted pool,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where two fair swans together glide.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We talked of change, of winter gone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of green leaves on the hawthorn spray,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of birds that build their nests and sing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all "since Mother went away!"    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To her these tales they will repeat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To her our new-born tribes will show,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The goslings green, the ass's colt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lambs that in the meadow go.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But, see, the evening star comes forth!    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To bed the children must depart;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A moment's heaviness they feel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A sadness at the heart:<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'Tis gone&mdash;and in a merry fit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They run up stairs in gamesome race;    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I, too, infected by their mood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I could have joined the wanton chase.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Five minutes past&mdash;and, O the change!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Asleep upon their beds they lie;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their busy limbs in perfect rest,    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And closed the sparkling eye.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>The Fenwick note is inaccurate. These lines were written
+by Dorothy Wordsworth at Coleorton, on the eve of her
+brother and sister's return from London, in the spring of 1807,
+whither they had gone for a month&mdash;Dorothy remaining at
+Coleorton, in charge of the children. Previous to 1845, the
+poem was attributed to "a female Friend of the Author."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="GIPSIES" id="GIPSIES"></a>GIPSIES</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Composed at Coleorton. I had observed them, as here
+described, near Castle Donnington, on my way to and from
+Derby.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet are they here the same unbroken knot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of human Beings, in the self-same spot!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Men, women, children, yea the frame<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of the whole spectacle the same!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only their fire seems bolder, yielding light,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now deep and red, the colouring of night;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That on their Gipsy-faces falls,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Their bed of straw and blanket-walls.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Twelve hours, twelve bounteous hours are gone, while I<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have been a traveller under open sky,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Much witnessing of change and cheer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Yet as I left I find them here!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The weary Sun betook himself to rest;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then issued Vesper from the fulgent west,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Outshining like a visible God    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The glorious path in which he trod.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now, ascending, after one dark hour<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And one night's diminution of her power,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Behold the mighty Moon! this way<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">She looks as if at them&mdash;but they    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span><span class="i0">Regard not her:&mdash;oh better wrong and strife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(By nature transient) than this torpid life;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Life which the very stars reprove<a name="FNanchor_A_144" id="FNanchor_A_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_144" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As on their silent tasks they move!<a name="FNanchor_1_140" id="FNanchor_1_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_140" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><a name="FNanchor_B_145" id="FNanchor_B_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_145" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, witness all that stirs in heaven or<a name="FNanchor_2_141" id="FNanchor_2_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_141" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> earth!    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In scorn I speak not;&mdash;they are what their birth<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And breeding suffer<a name="FNanchor_3_142" id="FNanchor_3_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_142" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> them to be;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Wild outcasts of society!<a name="FNanchor_4_143" id="FNanchor_4_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_143" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See S. T. Coleridge's criticism of this poem in his <i>Biographia
+Literaria</i>, vol. ii. p. 156 (edition 1847).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_140" id="Footnote_1_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_140"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Regard not her:&mdash;oh better wrong and strife</span><br />
+<span class="var">Better vain deeds or evil than such life!</span><br />
+<span class="var5">The silent Heavens have goings on;<a name="FNanchor_C_146" id="FNanchor_C_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_146" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></span><br />
+<span class="var5">The stars have tasks&mdash;but these have none. <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var11h">... wrong and strife,</span><br />
+<span class="var">(By nature transient) than such torpid life!</span><br />
+<span class="var5">The silent Heavens have goings-on;</span><br />
+<span class="var5">The stars have tasks&mdash;but these have none! <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">(By nature transient) than such torpid life;</span><br />
+<span class="var5">Life which the very stars reprove</span><br />
+<span class="var5">As on their silent tasks they move! <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_141" id="Footnote_2_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_141"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... and ... <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_142" id="Footnote_3_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_142"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... suffers ... <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_143" id="Footnote_4_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_143"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> The last four lines were added in 1820.</p></div>
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_144" id="Footnote_A_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_144"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare the <i>Ode to Duty</i>, l. 47 (vol. iii. p. 41).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_145" id="Footnote_B_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_145"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare, in the <i>Ode to Duty</i>, l. 48&mdash;
+</p><p>
+And the most ancient heavens, through Thee, are fresh and strong.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span><br />
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_146" id="Footnote_C_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_146"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Compare, in the Fragment, vol. viii., beginning "No doubt if you in
+terms direct had asked," the phrase&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4h">... the goings on</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of earth and sky.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="O_NIGHTINGALE_THOU_SURELY_ART" id="O_NIGHTINGALE_THOU_SURELY_ART"></a>"O NIGHTINGALE! THOU SURELY ART"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807 (probably).&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. (Mrs. W. says, in a note,&mdash;"At
+Coleorton.")&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O Nightingale! thou surely art<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A creature of a "fiery heart:"&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_A_148" id="FNanchor_A_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_148" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><a name="FNanchor_1_147" id="FNanchor_1_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_147" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These notes of thine&mdash;they pierce and pierce;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tumultuous harmony and fierce!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou sing'st as if the God of wine            <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had helped thee to a Valentine;<a name="FNanchor_B_149" id="FNanchor_B_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_149" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A song in mockery and despite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of shades, and dews, and silent night;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And steady bliss, and all the loves<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now sleeping in these peaceful groves.        <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I heard a Stock-dove sing or say<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His homely tale, this very day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His voice was buried among trees,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet to be come-at by the breeze:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He did not cease; but cooed&mdash;and cooed;       <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And somewhat pensively he wooed:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He sang of love, with quiet blending,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Slow to begin, and never ending;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of serious faith, and inward glee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That was the song&mdash;the song for me!           <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Wordsworth corrected her husband's note to Miss
+Fenwick, by adding in the MS., "at Coleorton"; and at
+Coleorton the Wordsworths certainly spent the winter of 1806,
+the Town-end Cottage at Grasmere being too small for their
+increasing household. It is more likely that Wordsworth wrote
+the poem at Coleorton than at Grasmere, and it looks as if it
+had been an evening impromptu, after hearing both the nightingale
+and the stock-dove. There are no nightingales at Grasmere,&mdash;they
+are not heard further north than the Trent valley,&mdash;while
+they used to abound in the "peaceful groves" of Coleorton.
+If the locality was&mdash;as Mrs. Wordsworth states&mdash;Coleorton, and
+if the lines were written after hearing the nightingale, the year
+would be 1807, and not 1806 (the poet's own date). The
+nightingale is a summer visitor in this country, and could not
+have been heard by Wordsworth at Coleorton in 1806, as he
+did not go south to Leicestershire till November in that year.
+But it is quite possible that it was "the stock-dove's voice"
+that alone suggested the lines, and that they were written either
+in 1806, or (as I think more likely), very early in 1807.
+In the month of January Wordsworth was corresponding with
+Scott about the poems in this edition of 1807.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_147" id="Footnote_1_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_147"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Creature of ebullient heart:&mdash;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.<a name="FNanchor_C_150" id="FNanchor_C_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_150" class="fnanchor">[C]</a>
+</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_148" id="Footnote_A_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_148"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See Shakespeare's <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Part III., act <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> scene iv. l. 87.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_149" id="Footnote_B_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_149"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare the lines in <i>The Cuckoo and the Nightingale</i>, vol. ii. p. 255&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I heard the lusty Nightingale so sing,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">That her clear voice made a loud rioting,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Echoing through all the green wood wide.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_150" id="Footnote_C_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_150"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Henry Crabb Robinson, in his <i>Diary</i> (May 9, 1815), anticipates this
+return to the text of 1807.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THOUGH_NARROW_BE_THAT_OLD_MANS" id="THOUGH_NARROW_BE_THAT_OLD_MANS"></a>"THOUGH NARROW BE THAT OLD MAN'S
+CARES, AND NEAR"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">&mdash;&mdash;"gives to airy nothing</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A local habitation and a name."</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>[Written at Coleorton. This old man's name was Mitchell.
+He was, in all his ways and conversation, a great curiosity,
+both individually and as a representative of past times. His
+chief employment was keeping watch at night by pacing round
+the house, at that time building, to keep off depredators. He
+has often told me gravely of having seen the Seven Whistlers,
+and the Hounds as here described. Among the groves of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>
+Coleorton, where I became familiar with the habits and notions
+of old Mitchell, there was also a labourer of whom, I regret, I
+had no personal knowledge; for, more than forty years after,
+when he was become an old man, I learned that while I was
+composing verses, which I usually did aloud, he took much
+pleasure, unknown to me, in following my steps that he might
+catch the words I uttered; and, what is not a little remarkable,
+several lines caught in this way kept their place in his memory.
+My volumes have lately been given to him by my informant,
+and surely he must have been gratified to meet in print his old
+acquaintances.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>In 1815 this sonnet was one of the "Poems belonging to
+the Period of Old Age"; in 1820 it was transferred to the
+"Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The poor old Man is greater than he seems:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For he hath waking empire, wide as dreams;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An ample sovereignty of eye and ear.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rich are his walks with supernatural cheer;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The region of his inner spirit teems<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With vital sounds and monitory gleams<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of high astonishment and pleasing fear.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He the seven birds hath seen, that never part,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seen the <span class="smcap">Seven Whistlers</span> in their nightly rounds,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And counted them: and oftentimes will start&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For overhead are sweeping <span class="smcap">Gabriel's Hounds</span><a name="FNanchor_A_151" id="FNanchor_A_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_151" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doomed, with their impious Lord, the flying Hart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To chase for ever, on aërial grounds!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>To bring all the poems referring to Coleorton together, so
+far as possible, this and the next sonnet are transferred from
+their places in the chronological list, and placed beside the
+Coleorton "Inscriptions."</p>
+
+<p>I am indebted to Mr. William Kelly of Leicester for the
+following note on the Leicestershire superstition of the Seven
+Whistlers.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>"There is an old superstition, which it is not easy to get to
+the bottom of, concerning a certain cry or sound heard in the
+night, supposed to be produced by the Seven Whistlers. What
+or who those whistlers are is an unsolved problem. In some
+districts they are popularly believed to be witches, in others
+ghosts, in others devils, while in the Midland Counties they are
+supposed to be birds, either plovers or martins&mdash;some say swifts.
+In Leicestershire it is deemed a bad omen to hear the Seven
+Whistlers, and our old writers supply many passages illustrative
+of the popular credulity. Spenser, in his <i>Faërie Queene</i>, book
+<span class="allcapsc">II.</span> canto xii. stanza 36, speaks of</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The whistler shrill, that whoso hears doth die.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Sir Walter Scott, in <i>The Lady of the Lake</i>, names the bird with
+which his character associated the cry&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And in the plover's shrilly strain</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The signal whistlers heard again.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"When the colliers of Leicestershire are flush of money, we
+are told, and indulge in a drinking bout, they sometimes hear
+the warning voice of the Seven Whistlers, get sobered and
+frightened, and will not descend the pit again till next day.
+Wordsworth speaks of a countryman who</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And counted them.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"A few years ago, during a thunderstorm which passed over
+Leicestershire, and while vivid lightning was darting through
+the sky, immense flocks of birds were seen flying about, uttering
+doleful, affrighted cries as they passed, and keeping up for a
+long time a continual whistling like that made by some kinds
+of sea-birds. The number must have been immense, for the
+local newspapers mentioned the same phenomenon in different
+parts of the neighbouring counties of Northampton, Leicester,
+and Lincoln. A gentleman, conversing with a countryman on
+the following day, asked him what kind of birds he supposed
+them to have been. The man answered, 'They are what we
+call the Seven Whistlers,' and added that 'whenever they are
+heard it is considered a sign of some great calamity, and that
+the last time he had heard them was on the night before the
+deplorable explosion of fire damp at the Hartley Colliery.'"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>In <i>Notes and Queries</i> there are several allusions to this local
+superstition. In the Fifth Series (vol. ii. p. 264), Oct. 3,
+1874, the editor gives a summary of several notes on the
+subject in vol. viii. of the Fourth Series (pp. 68, 134, 196,
+and 268), with additional information. He says "record was
+made of their having been heard in Leicestershire; and that
+the develin or martin, the swift, and the plover were probably
+of the whistling fraternity that frightened men. At p. 134 it
+was shown that Wordsworth had spoken of one who</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And counted them.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>On the same page, the swift is said to be the true whistler (but,
+as noted at page 196, the swifts never make nightly rounds),
+and the superstition is said to be common in our Midland
+Counties. At page 268, Mr. Pearson put on record that in
+Lancashire the plovers, whistling as they fly, are accounted
+heralds of ill, though sometimes of trivial accident, and that
+they are there called 'Wandering Jews,' and are said to be, or
+to carry with them, the ever-restless souls of those Jews who
+assisted at the Crucifixion. At page 336, the whistlers are
+chronicled as having been the harbingers of the great Hartley
+Colliery explosion. A correspondent, <span class="smcap">Viator</span>, added, that on
+the Bosphorus there are flocks of birds, the size of a thrush,
+which fly up and down the channel, and are never seen to rest
+on land or water. The men who rowed Viator's caique told
+him that they were the souls of the damned, condemned to
+perpetual motion. The Seven Whistlers have not furnished
+chroniclers with later circumstances of their tuneful and awful
+progresses till a week or two ago.... The whistlers are also
+heard and feared in Portugal. See <i>The New Quarterly</i> for July
+1874, for a record of some travelling experience in that country."</p>
+
+<p>Another extract from <i>Notes and Queries</i> is to the following
+effect:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"'Your Excellency laughs at ghosts. But there is no lie
+about the Seven Whistlers. Many a man besides me has heard
+them.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Who are the Seven Whistlers? and have you seen them
+yourself?'</p>
+
+<p>"'Not seen, thank Heaven; but I have heard them plenty
+of times. Some say they are the ghosts of children unbaptized,
+who are to know no rest till the judgment day. Once last<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>
+winter I was going with donkeys and a mule to Caia. Just at
+the moment I stopped by the river bank to tighten the mule's
+girth, I heard the accursed whistlers coming down the wind
+along the river. I buried my head under the mule, and never
+moved till the danger was over; but they passed very near, for
+I heard the flap and rustle of their wings.'</p>
+
+<p>"'What was the danger?'</p>
+
+<p>"'If a man once sees them, heaven only knows what will
+not happen to him&mdash;death and damnation at the very least.'</p>
+
+<p>"'I have seen them many times. I shot, or tried to shoot
+them!'</p>
+
+<p>"'Holy Mother of God! you English are an awful people!
+You shot the Seven Whistlers?'</p>
+
+<p>"'Yes; we call them marecos (teal or widgeon) in our
+country, and shoot them whenever we can. They are better
+to eat than wild ducks.'"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><i>Gabriel's Hounds.</i>&mdash;"At Wednesbury in Staffordshire, the
+colliers going to their pits early in the morning hear the noise
+of a pack of hounds in the air, to which they give the name of
+Gabriel's Hounds, though the more sober and judicious take
+them only to be wild geese making this noise in their flight."
+Kennet MS., Lansd. 1033. (See Halliwell's <i>Dictionary of
+Archaic and Provincial Words</i>, vol. i. p. 388.) The peculiar
+cry or cackle, both of the Brent Goose and of the Bean or
+Harvest Goose (<i>Anser Segetum</i>), has often been likened to that
+of a pack of hounds in full cry&mdash;especially when the birds are
+on the wing during night. For some account of the superstition
+of "Gabriel's Hounds," see <i>Notes and Queries</i>, First Series,
+vol. v. pp. 534 and 596; and vol. xii. p. 470; Second
+Series, vol. i. p. 80; and Fourth Series, vol. vii. p. 299.
+In the last note these hounds are said to be popularly believed
+to be "the souls of unbaptized children wandering in the air
+till the day of judgment." They are also explained as "a thing
+in the air, that is said in these parts (Sheffield) to foretell
+calamity, sounding like a great pack of beagles in full cry."
+This quotation is from Charles Reade's <i>Put yourself in his
+place</i>, which contains many scraps of local folk-lore. The following
+is from the <i>Statistical History of Kirkmichael</i>, by the Rev.
+John Grant. "In the autumnal season, when the moon shines
+from a serene sky, often is the wayfaring traveller arrested by
+the music of the hills. Often struck with a more sober scene,
+he beholds the visionary hunters engaged in the chase, and
+pursuing the deer of the clouds, while the hollow rocks in long<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+sounding echoes reverberate their cries." "There are several
+now living who assert that they have seen and heard this aërial
+hunting." See the <i>Statistical History of Scotland</i>, edited by
+Sir J. Sinclair, vol. xii. pp. 461, 462. Compare note to <i>An
+Evening Walk</i>, vol. i. p. 19.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_151" id="Footnote_A_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_151"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Both these superstitions are prevalent in the midland Counties of England:
+that of "Gabriel's Hounds" appears to be very general over Europe;
+being the same as the one upon which the German Poet, Bürger, has
+founded his Ballad of <i>The Wild Huntsman</i>.&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COMPOSED_BY_THE_SIDE_OF_GRASMERE" id="COMPOSED_BY_THE_SIDE_OF_GRASMERE"></a>COMPOSED BY THE SIDE OF GRASMERE
+LAKE. 1807</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1806.&mdash;Published 1819</p>
+
+
+<p>This sonnet was first published along with <i>The Waggoner</i>
+in 1819. In 1820 it was classed among the "Miscellaneous
+Sonnets," and in 1827 it was transferred to the "Sonnets
+dedicated to Liberty." Previous to 1837 this sonnet had no
+title.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Clouds, lingering yet, extend<a name="FNanchor_1_152" id="FNanchor_1_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_152" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> in solid bars<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through the grey west; and lo! these waters, steeled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A vivid repetition<a name="FNanchor_2_153" id="FNanchor_2_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_153" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> of the stars;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Jove, Venus, and the ruddy crest of Mars               <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Amid his fellows beauteously revealed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At happy distance from earth's groaning field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where ruthless mortals wage incessant wars.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is it a mirror?&mdash;or the nether Sphere<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Opening to view the abyss in which she feeds          <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her own calm fires?<a name="FNanchor_3_154" id="FNanchor_3_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_154" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>&mdash;But list! a voice is near;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Great Pan himself low-whispering through the reeds,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Be thankful, thou; for, if unholy deeds<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ravage the world, tranquillity is here!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_152" id="Footnote_1_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_152"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Eve's lingering clouds extend ... <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span> and 1819.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_153" id="Footnote_2_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_153"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1819.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A bright re-duplication ... <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_154" id="Footnote_3_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_154"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Opening a vast abyss, while fancy feeds</span><br />
+<span class="var">On the rich show? ...  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Opening its vast abyss, ... <span class="yearnum">1819.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Opening to view the abyss in which it feeds</span><br />
+<span class="var">Its own calm fires?&mdash;... <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="IN_THE_GROUNDS_OF_COLEORTON_THE_SEAT_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT_BART_LEICESTERSHIRE" id="IN_THE_GROUNDS_OF_COLEORTON_THE_SEAT_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT_BART_LEICESTERSHIRE"></a>IN THE GROUNDS OF COLEORTON, THE
+SEAT OF SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT, BART.,
+LEICESTERSHIRE</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1808.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[In the grounds of Coleorton these verses are engraved on a
+stone placed near the Tree, which was thriving and spreading
+when I saw it in the summer of 1841.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Inscriptions."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The embowering rose, the acacia, and the pine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will<a name="FNanchor_1_155" id="FNanchor_1_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_155" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> not unwillingly their place resign;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If but the Cedar thrive that near them stands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Planted by Beaumont's and by Wordsworth's hands.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One wooed the silent Art with studious pains:           <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These groves have heard the Other's pensive strains;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Devoted thus, their spirits did unite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By interchange of knowledge and delight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May Nature's kindliest powers sustain the Tree,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Love protect it from all injury!                   <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when its potent branches, wide out-thrown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Darken the brow of this memorial Stone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_2_156" id="FNanchor_2_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_156" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Here may some Painter sit in future days,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Some future Poet meditate his lays;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not mindless of that distant age renowned             <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When Inspiration hovered o'er this ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The haunt of him who sang how spear and shield<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And of that famous Youth, full soon removed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From earth, perhaps by Shakspeare's self approved,    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fletcher's Associate, Jonson's Friend beloved.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>About twelve years after the last visit of Wordsworth to
+Coleorton, referred to in the Fenwick note&mdash;of which the date
+should, I think, be 1842, not 1841&mdash;this cedar tree fell,
+uprooted during a storm. It was, however, as the Coleorton
+gardener who was then on the estate told me, replanted with
+much labour, and protected with care; although, the top branches
+being injured, it was never quite the same as it had been.
+During the night of the great storm on the 13th October 1880,
+however, it fell a second time, and perished irretrievably. The
+memorial stone remains, injured a good deal by the wear and
+tear of time; and the inscription is more than half obliterated.
+It is in a situation much more exposed to the elements than
+the other two inscriptions at Coleorton. He</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">who sang how spear and shield</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>was Sir John Beaumont, the brother of the dramatist, who
+wrote a poem on the battle of Bosworth. (See one of Wordsworth's
+notes to the <i>Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle</i>, <a href="#Footnote_B_185">p. 98</a>.)
+The</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">famous Youth, full soon removed</span><br />
+<span class="i2">From earth,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>was Francis Beaumont, the dramatist, who wrote in conjunction
+with Fletcher. He died at the age of twenty-nine.</p>
+
+<p>In an undated letter addressed to Sir George Beaumont,
+Wordsworth wrote, "I like your ancestor's verses the more,
+the more I see of them. They are manly, dignified, and
+extremely harmonious. I do not remember in any author of
+that age such a series of well-tuned couplets."</p>
+
+<p>In another letter written from Grasmere (probably in 1811)
+to Sir George, he says in reference to his own poems, "These
+inscriptions have all one fault, they are too long; but I was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
+unable to do justice to the thoughts in less room. The second
+has brought Sir John Beaumont and his brother Francis so livelily
+to my mind that I recur to the plan of republishing the former's
+poems, perhaps in connection with those of Francis."</p>
+
+<p>On November 16, 1811, he wrote to him again, "I am glad
+that the inscriptions please you. It did always appear to me,
+that inscriptions, particularly those in verse, or in a dead
+language, were never supposed <i>necessarily</i> to be the composition
+of those in whose name they appeared. If a more striking or
+more dramatic effect could be produced, I have always thought,
+that in an epitaph or memorial of any kind, a father or husband,
+etc., might be introduced speaking, without any absolute deception
+being intended; that is, the reader is understood to be at
+liberty to say to himself,&mdash;these verses, or this Latin, may be
+the composition of some unknown person, and not that of the
+father, widow, or friend, from whose hand or voice they profess
+to proceed.... I have altered the verses, and I have only
+to regret that the alteration is not more happily done. But I
+never found anything more difficult. I wished to preserve the
+expression <i>patrimonial grounds</i>,<a name="FNanchor_A_157" id="FNanchor_A_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_157" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> but I found this impossible, on
+account of the awkwardness of the pronouns, he and his, as
+applied to Reynolds, and to yourself. This, even when it does
+not produce confusion, is always inelegant. I was, therefore,
+obliged to drop it; so that we must be content, I fear, with
+the inscription as it stands below. I hope it will do. I tried
+a hundred different ways, but cannot hit upon anything
+better...."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_155" id="Footnote_1_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_155"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Shall ...       <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1827 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_156" id="Footnote_2_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_156"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And to a favourite resting-place invite,</span><br />
+<span class="var">For coolness grateful and a sober light;</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted only in the editions of 1815 and 1820, and in a MS.
+letter to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_157" id="Footnote_A_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_157"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_79">p. 79</a>, l. 13.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IN_A_GARDEN_OF_THE_SAME" id="IN_A_GARDEN_OF_THE_SAME"></a>IN A GARDEN OF THE SAME</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[This Niche is in the sandstone-rock in the winter-garden
+at Coleorton, which garden, as has been elsewhere said, was
+made under our direction out of an old unsightly quarry. While
+the labourers were at work, Mrs. Wordsworth, my sister and I
+used to amuse ourselves occasionally in scooping this seat out
+of the soft stone. It is of the size, with something of the
+appearance, of a stall in a Cathedral. This inscription is
+not engraven, as the former and the two following are, in the
+grounds.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed by Wordsworth among his "Inscriptions."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span><span class="i0">Oft is the medal faithful to its trust<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When temples, columns, towers, are laid in dust;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And 'tis a common ordinance of fate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That things obscure and small outlive the great:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence, when yon mansion and the flowery trim           <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of this fair garden, and its alleys dim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all its stately trees, are passed away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This little Niche, unconscious of decay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perchance may still survive. And be it known<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That it was scooped within<a name="FNanchor_1_158" id="FNanchor_1_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_158" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> the living stone,&mdash;     <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not by the sluggish and ungrateful pains<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of labourer plodding for his daily gains,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But by an industry that wrought in love;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With help from female hands, that proudly strove<a name="FNanchor_2_159" id="FNanchor_2_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_159" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To aid the work, what time these walks and bowers     <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were shaped to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.<a name="FNanchor_3_160" id="FNanchor_3_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_160" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This niche is still to be seen, although not quite "unconscious
+of decay." The growth of yew-trees, over and around it, has
+darkened the seat; and constant damp has decayed the soft
+stone. The niche having been scooped out by Mrs. Wordsworth
+and Dorothy, as well as by Wordsworth, suggests the cutting
+of the inscriptions on the Rock of Names in 1800, in which
+they all took part. (See vol. iii. pp. 61, 62.) On his return to
+Grasmere from Coleorton, Wordsworth wrote thus to Sir George
+Beaumont, in an undated letter, about this inscription:&mdash;"What
+follows I composed yesterday morning, thinking there might
+be no impropriety in placing it so as to be visible only to a
+person sitting within the niche, which is hollowed out of the
+sandstone in the winter-garden. I am told that this is, in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+present form of the niche, impossible; but I shall be most ready,
+when I come to Coleorton, to scoop out a place for it, if Lady
+Beaumont think it worth while." Then follows the&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Inscription</span></p>
+<p class="center">Oft is the medal faithful to its trust.</p>
+
+<p>On Nov. 16, 1811, writing again to Sir George on this
+subject of the "Inscriptions," and evidently referring to this one
+on the "Niche," he says, "As to the 'Female,' and 'Male,'
+I know not how to get rid of it; for that circumstance gives
+the recess an appropriate interest.... On this account, the
+lines had better be suppressed, for it is not improbable that
+the altering of them might cost me more trouble than writing
+a hundred fresh ones."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_158" id="Footnote_1_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_158"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">That it was fashioned in ...  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_159" id="Footnote_2_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_159"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But by prompt hands of Pleasure and of Love,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Female and Male; that emulously strove  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_160" id="Footnote_3_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_160"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To shape the work, what time these walks and bowers</span><br />
+<span class="var">Were framed to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... bleak ... <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="WRITTEN_AT_THE_REQUEST_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT" id="WRITTEN_AT_THE_REQUEST_OF_SIR_GEORGE_BEAUMONT"></a>WRITTEN AT THE REQUEST OF SIR GEORGE
+BEAUMONT, BART., AND IN HIS NAME, FOR
+AN URN, PLACED BY HIM AT THE TERMINATION
+OF A NEWLY-PLANTED AVENUE, IN THE
+SAME GROUNDS</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1808.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">One of the "Inscriptions."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ye Lime-trees, ranged before this hallowed Urn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shoot forth with lively power at Spring's return;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And be not slow a stately growth to rear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of pillars, branching off from year to year,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till they have learned to frame a darksome aisle;&mdash;       <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That may recal to mind that awful Pile<a name="FNanchor_1_161" id="FNanchor_1_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_161" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Where Reynolds, 'mid our country's noblest dead,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the last sanctity of fame is laid.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;There, though by right the excelling Painter sleep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,        <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet not the less his Spirit would hold dear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Self-hidden praise, and Friendship's private tear:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence, on my patrimonial grounds, have I<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Raised this frail tribute to his memory;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From youth a zealous follower of the Art<a name="FNanchor_2_162" id="FNanchor_2_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_162" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>   <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he professed; attached to him in heart;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Admiring, loving, and with grief and pride<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Feeling what England lost when Reynolds died.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>These Lime-trees now form "a stately growth of pillars,"
+"a darksome aisle"; and the urn remains, as set up in 1807,
+at the end of the avenue.</p>
+
+<p>The "awful Pile," where Reynolds lies, and where&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">... Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>is, of course, Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>After Wordsworth's return from Coleorton and Stockton to
+Grasmere, he wrote thus to Sir George Beaumont:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="indentsm">"<span class="smcap">My Dear Sir George</span>,</p>
+
+<p class="indentsm">"Had there been room at the end of the small avenue
+of lime-trees for planting a spacious circle of the same trees, the
+Urn might have been placed in the centre, with the inscription
+thus altered,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"Ye lime-trees ranged around this hallowed urn,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Shoot forth with lively power at spring's return!</span><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span><span class="i2">And be not slow a stately growth to rear,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Bending your docile boughs from year to year,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Till in a solemn concave they unite;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Like that Cathedral Dome beneath whose height</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Reynolds, among our country's noble Dead,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In the last sanctity of fame is laid.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Here may some Painter sit in future days.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Some future poet meditate his lays!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Not mindless of that distant age, renowned,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When inspiration hovered o'er this ground,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The haunt of him who sang, how spear and shield</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In civil conflict met on Bosworth field,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And of that famous youth (full soon removed</span><br />
+<span class="i2">From earth!) by mighty Shakespeare's self approved,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Fletcher's associate, Jonson's friend beloved.</span><br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="indentsm">"The first couplet of the above, as it before stood, would
+have appeared ludicrous, if the stone had remained after the
+trees might have been gone. The couplet relating to the
+household virtues did not accord with the painter and the poet;
+the former being allegorical figures; the latter, living men."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This letter&mdash;which is not now in the Beaumont collection at
+Coleorton Hall&mdash;seems to imply that Wordsworth thought of
+combining the first couplet on the Urn with the last nine lines
+of the inscription for the stone behind the Cedar tree. But
+this was never carried out. The inscriptions are printed in
+the text as they were carved at Coleorton.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_161" id="Footnote_1_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_161"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Till ye have framed, at length, a darksome aisle,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Like a recess within that sacred pile</span></div></div>
+<p>
+MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Till they at length have framed a darksome Aisle;&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Like a recess within that awful Pile     <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_162" id="Footnote_2_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_162"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Hence, an obscure Memorial, without blame,</span><br />
+<span class="var">In these domestic Grounds, may bear his name;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Unblamed this votive Urn may oft renew</span><br />
+<span class="var">Some mild sensations to his Genius due</span><br />
+<span class="var">From One&mdash;a humble Follower of the Art</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Five lines instead of three in MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont,
+16th November, 1811.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="FOR_A_SEAT_IN_THE_GROVES_OF" id="FOR_A_SEAT_IN_THE_GROVES_OF"></a>FOR A SEAT IN THE GROVES OF
+COLEORTON</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed November 19, 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">One of the "Inscriptions."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rugged and high, of Charnwood's forest ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stand yet, but, Stranger! hidden from thy view<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ivied Ruins of forlorn <span class="smcap">Grace Dieu</span>;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Erst a religious House, which<a name="FNanchor_1_163" id="FNanchor_1_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_163" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> day and night                     <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With hymns resounded, and the chanted rite:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when those rites had ceased, the Spot gave birth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To honourable Men of various worth:<a name="FNanchor_2_164" id="FNanchor_2_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_164" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There, on the margin of a streamlet wild,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Did Francis Beaumont sport, an eager child;                       <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There, under shadow of the neighbouring rocks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sang youthful tales of shepherds and their flocks;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unconscious prelude to heroic themes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Heart-breaking tears, and melancholy dreams<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of slighted love, and scorn, and jealous rage,                    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With which his genius shook<a name="FNanchor_3_165" id="FNanchor_3_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_165" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> the buskined stage.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Communities are lost, and Empires die,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And things of holy use unhallowed lie;<a name="FNanchor_A_167" id="FNanchor_A_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_167" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They perish;&mdash;but the Intellect can raise,<a name="FNanchor_4_166" id="FNanchor_4_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_166" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From airy words alone, a Pile that ne'er decays.                  <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Charnwood forest, in Leicestershire, is an almost treeless
+wold of between fifteen and sixteen thousand acres. The</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">eastern ridge, the craggy bound,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Rugged and high,</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>refers probably to High Cadmon. The nunnery of Grace Dieu
+was a religious house, in a retired spot near the centre of the
+forest; and was built between 1236 and 1242. The English
+monasteries were suppressed in 1536; but Grace Dieu, with
+thirty others of the smaller monasteries, was allowed to continue
+some time longer. It was finally suppressed in 1539, when the
+site of the priory, with the demesne lands, was granted to Sir
+Humphrey Foster, who conveyed the whole to John Beaumont.
+Francis Beaumont, the dramatic poet, was born at Grace Dieu
+in 1586. He died in 1615, and was buried in Westminster
+Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>"William and I went to Grace Dieu last week. We were
+enchanted with the little valley and its nooks, and the rocks of
+Charnwood upon the hill."&mdash;Dorothy Wordsworth to Lady
+Beaumont, November 17, 1806.</p>
+
+<p>This "Inscription" was composed at Grasmere, November
+19, 1811, as the following extract from a letter of Wordsworth's
+to Lady Beaumont indicates:&mdash;"Grasmere, Wednesday,
+November 20, 1811.&mdash;My Dear Lady Beaumont&mdash;When you
+see this you will think I mean to overrun you with inscriptions.
+I do not mean to tax you with putting them up, only with
+reading them. The following I composed yesterday morning
+in a walk from Brathay, whither I had been to accompany my
+sister:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="smcap">For a Seat in the Groves of Coleorton.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound.</p>
+
+<p>The thought of writing this inscription occurred to me many
+years ago."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_163" id="Footnote_1_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_163"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... that ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_164" id="Footnote_2_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_164"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But, when the formal Mass had long been stilled,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And wise and mighty changes were fulfilled;</span><br />
+<span class="var">That Ground gave birth to men of various Parts</span><br />
+<span class="var">For Knightly Services and liberal Arts.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_165" id="Footnote_3_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_165"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With which his skill inspired ...    <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_166" id="Footnote_4_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_166"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But Truth and Intellectual Power can raise,</span>
+</div></div><p>
+MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.
+</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_167" id="Footnote_A_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_167"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In the editions of 1815 and 1820, Wordsworth appended the following
+line from Daniel, as a note to the third last line of this "Inscription"&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Strait all that holy was unhallowed lies.</span><br />
+<span class="i12"><span class="smcap">Daniel.</span><span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM" id="SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM"></a>SONG AT THE FEAST OF BROUGHAM
+CASTLE,</h2>
+
+<p class="hang"><span class="smcap">Upon the Restoration of Lord Clifford, the
+Shepherd, to the Estates and Honours of
+his Ancestors</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1807</p>
+
+
+<p>[See the note. This poem was composed at Coleorton while
+I was walking to and fro along the path that led from Sir<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>
+George Beaumont's Farmhouse, where we resided, to the Hall,
+which was building at that time.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song.&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The words of ancient time I thus translate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A festal strain that hath been silent long:&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"From town to town, from tower to tower,       <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The red rose is a gladsome flower.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her thirty years of winter past,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The red rose is revived at last;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She lifts her head for endless spring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For everlasting blossoming:<a name="FNanchor_A_184" id="FNanchor_A_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_184" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>       <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Both roses flourish, red and white:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In love and sisterly delight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The two that were at strife are blended,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all old troubles<a name="FNanchor_1_168" id="FNanchor_1_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_168" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> now are ended.&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Joy! joy to both! but most to her        <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who is the flower of Lancaster!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Behold her how She smiles to-day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On this great throng, this bright array!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair greeting doth she send to all<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From every corner of the hall;     <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But chiefly from above the board<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where sits in state our rightful Lord,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Clifford to his own restored!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"They came with banner, spear, and shield;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And it was proved in Bosworth-field.          <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not long the Avenger was withstood&mdash;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Earth helped him with the cry of blood:<a name="FNanchor_B_185" id="FNanchor_B_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_185" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">St George was for us, and the might<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of blessed Angels crowned the right.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Loud voice the Land has<a name="FNanchor_2_169" id="FNanchor_2_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_169" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> uttered forth,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We loudest in the faithful north:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our fields rejoice, our mountains ring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our streams proclaim a welcoming;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our strong-abodes and castles see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The glory of their loyalty.<a name="FNanchor_3_170" id="FNanchor_3_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_170" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>               <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"How glad is Skipton at this hour&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though lonely, a deserted Tower;<a name="FNanchor_4_171" id="FNanchor_4_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_171" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Knight, squire, and yeoman, page and groom:<a name="FNanchor_5_172" id="FNanchor_5_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_172" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We have them at the feast of Brough'm.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How glad Pendragon&mdash;though the sleep               <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of years be on her!&mdash;She shall reap<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A taste of this great pleasure, viewing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As in a dream her own renewing.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beside her little humble stream;          <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she that keepeth watch and ward<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her statelier Eden's course to guard;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They both are happy at this hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though each is but a lonely Tower:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But here is perfect joy and pride         <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For one fair House by Emont's side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This day, distinguished without peer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To see her Master and to cheer&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Him, and his Lady-mother dear!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Oh! it was a time forlorn                <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When the fatherless was born&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Give her wings that she may fly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or she sees her infant die!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Swords that are with slaughter wild<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hunt the Mother and the Child.            <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who will take them from the light?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Yonder is a man in sight&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yonder is a house&mdash;but where?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No, they must not enter there.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the caves, and to the brooks,          <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the clouds of heaven she looks;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She is speechless, but her eyes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pray in ghostly agonies.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blissful Mary, Mother mild,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Maid and Mother undefiled,                <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Save a Mother and her Child!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Now Who is he that bounds with joy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No thoughts hath he but thoughts that pass<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Light as the wind along the grass.        <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can this be He who hither came<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In secret, like a smothered flame?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er whom such thankful tears were shed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For shelter, and a poor man's bread!</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">God loves the Child; and God hath willed      <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That those dear words should be fulfilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Lady's words, when forced away<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The last she to her Babe did say:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'My own, my own, thy Fellow-guest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I may not be; but rest thee, rest,            <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For lowly shepherd's life is best!'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Alas! when evil men are strong<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No life is good, no pleasure long.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And leave Blencathara's rugged coves,<a name="FNanchor_C_186" id="FNanchor_C_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_186" class="fnanchor">[C]</a>      <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And quit the flowers that summer brings<a name="FNanchor_D_187" id="FNanchor_D_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_187" class="fnanchor">[D]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Glenderamakin's lofty springs;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must vanish, and his careless cheer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be turned to heaviness and fear.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!         <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear it, good man, old in days!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou tree of covert and of rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For this young Bird that is distrest;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among thy branches safe he lay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And he was free to sport and play,           <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When falcons were abroad for prey.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A recreant harp, that sings of fear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And heaviness in Clifford's ear!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I said, when evil men are strong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No life is good, no pleasure long,           <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A weak and cowardly untruth!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our Clifford was a happy Youth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thankful through a weary time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That brought him up to manhood's prime.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Again he wanders forth at will,            <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span><span class="i0">And tends a flock from hill to hill:<a name="FNanchor_6_173" id="FNanchor_6_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_173" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His garb is humble; ne'er was seen<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such garb with such a noble mien;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the shepherd grooms no mate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath he, a Child of strength and state!      <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet lacks not friends for simple<a name="FNanchor_7_174" id="FNanchor_7_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_174" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> glee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor yet for higher sympathy.<a name="FNanchor_8_175" id="FNanchor_8_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_175" class="fnanchor">[8]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To his side the fallow-deer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Came, and rested without fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The eagle, lord of land and sea,             <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stooped down to pay him fealty;<a name="FNanchor_E_188" id="FNanchor_E_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_188" class="fnanchor">[E]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And both the undying fish that swim<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him;<a name="FNanchor_F_189" id="FNanchor_F_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_189" class="fnanchor">[F]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pair were servants of his eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In their immortality;                        <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And glancing, gleaming, dark or bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Moved to and fro, for his delight.<a name="FNanchor_9_176" id="FNanchor_9_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_176" class="fnanchor">[9]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He knew the rocks which Angels haunt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon<a name="FNanchor_10_177" id="FNanchor_10_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_177" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> the mountains visitant;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He hath kenned<a name="FNanchor_11_178" id="FNanchor_11_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_178" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> them taking wing:          <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span><span class="i0">And into caves<a name="FNanchor_12_179" id="FNanchor_12_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_179" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> where Faeries sing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He hath entered; and been told<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By Voices how men lived of old.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the heavens his eye can see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The face of thing<a name="FNanchor_13_180" id="FNanchor_13_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_180" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> that is to be;   <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, if that men report him right,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His tongue could whisper words of might.<a name="FNanchor_14_181" id="FNanchor_14_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_181" class="fnanchor">[14]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Now another day is come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fitter hope, and nobler doom;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He hath thrown aside his crook,    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hath buried deep his book;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Armour rusting in his halls<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the blood of Clifford calls;&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_G_190" id="FNanchor_G_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_190" class="fnanchor">[G]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Quell the Scot,' exclaims the Lance&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bear me to the heart of France,    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is the longing of the Shield&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tell thy name, thou trembling Field;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Field of death, where'er thou be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Groan thou with our victory!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Happy day, and mighty hour,    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When our Shepherd, in his power,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Mailed and horsed, with lance and sword,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To his ancestors restored<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a re-appearing Star,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a glory from afar,    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">First shall head the flock of war!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How he, long forced in humble walks to go,<a name="FNanchor_15_182" id="FNanchor_15_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_182" class="fnanchor">[15]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed.    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His daily teachers had been woods and rills,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The silence that is in<a name="FNanchor_16_183" id="FNanchor_16_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_183" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> the starry sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sleep that is among the lonely hills.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In him the savage virtue of the Race,    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Revenge, and all ferocious thoughts were dead:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor did he change; but kept in lofty place<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wisdom which adversity had bred.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Glad were the vales, and every cottage-hearth;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Shepherd-lord was honoured more and more;    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, ages after he was laid in earth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"The good Lord Clifford" was the name he bore.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The original text of this <i>Song</i> was altered but little in
+succeeding editions, and was not changed at all till 1836 and
+1845. The following is Wordsworth's explanatory note,
+appended to the poem in all the editions:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Henry Lord Clifford, etc. etc., who is the subject of this
+Poem, was the son of John, Lord Clifford, who was slain at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>
+Towton Field,<a name="FNanchor_H_191" id="FNanchor_H_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_191" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> which John, Lord Clifford, as is known to the
+Reader of English History, was the person who after the battle
+of Wakefield slew, in the pursuit, the young Earl of Rutland,
+Son of the Duke of York who had fallen in the battle, 'in part
+of revenge' (say the Authors of the <i>History of Cumberland and
+Westmoreland</i>); 'for the Earl's Father had slain his.' A deed
+which worthily blemished the author (saith Speed); But who,
+as he adds, 'dare promise any thing temperate of himself in the
+heat of martial fury? chiefly, when it was resolved not to leave
+any branch of the York line standing; for so one maketh this
+Lord to speak.' This, no doubt, I would observe by the bye,
+was an action sufficiently in the vindictive spirit of the times,
+and yet not altogether so bad as represented; 'for the Earl
+was no child, as some writers would have him, but able to
+bear arms, being sixteen or seventeen years of age, as is evident
+from this (say the Memoirs of the Countess of Pembroke, who
+was laudably anxious to wipe away, as far as could be, this
+stigma from the illustrious name to which she was born); that
+he was the next Child to King Edward the Fourth, which his
+mother had by Richard Duke of York, and that King was then
+eighteen years of age: and for the small distance betwixt her
+Children, see Austin Vincent in his book of Nobility, page 622,
+where he writes of them all. It may further be observed, that
+Lord Clifford, who was then himself only twenty-five years of
+age, had been a leading Man and Commander, two or three
+years together in the Army of Lancaster, before this time; and,
+therefore, would be less likely to think that the Earl of Rutland
+might be entitled to mercy from his youth.&mdash;But, independent
+of this act, at best a cruel and savage one, the Family of Clifford
+had done enough to draw upon them the vehement hatred of
+the House of York: so that after the Battle of Towton there
+was no hope for them but in flight and concealment. Henry,
+the subject of the Poem, was deprived of his estate and honours
+during the space of twenty-four years; all which time he lived
+as a shepherd in Yorkshire, or in Cumberland, where the estate
+of his Father-in-law (Sir Lancelot Threlkeld) lay. He was
+restored to his estate and honours in the first year of Henry the
+Seventh. It is recorded that, 'when called to parliament, he
+behaved nobly and wisely; but otherwise came seldom to
+London or the Court; and rather delighted to live in the
+country, where he repaired several of his Castles, which had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>
+gone to decay during the late troubles.' Thus far is chiefly
+collected from Nicholson and Burn; and I can add, from my
+own knowledge, that there is a tradition current in the village
+of Threlkeld and its neighbourhood, his principal retreat, that,
+in the course of his shepherd life, he had acquired great
+astronomical knowledge. I cannot conclude this note without
+adding a word upon the subject of those numerous and noble
+feudal Edifices, spoken of in the Poem, the ruins of some of
+which are, at this day, so great an ornament to that interesting
+country. The Cliffords had always been distinguished for an
+honourable pride in these Castles; and we have seen that after
+the wars of York and Lancaster they were rebuilt; in the civil
+Wars of Charles the First, they were again laid waste, and
+again restored almost to their former magnificence by the
+celebrated Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke, etc. etc.
+Not more than twenty-five years after this was done, when the
+Estates of Clifford had passed into the Family of Tufton, three
+of these Castles, namely Brough, Brougham, and Pendragon,
+were demolished, and the timber and other materials sold by
+Thomas Earl of Thanet. We will hope that, when this order
+was issued, the Earl had not consulted the text of Isaiah, 58th
+Chap. 12th Verse, to which the inscription placed over the gate
+of Pendragon Castle, by the Countess of Pembroke (I believe
+his Grandmother) at the time she repaired that structure, refers
+the reader. '<i>And they that shall be of thee shall build the old
+waste places; thou shalt raise up the foundations of many
+generations, and thou shalt be called the repairer of the breach,
+the restorer of paths to dwell in.</i>' The Earl of Thanet, the
+present possessor of the Estates, with a due respect for the
+memory of his ancestors, and a proper sense of the value and
+beauty of these remains of antiquity, has (I am told) given
+orders that they shall be preserved from all depredations."</p>
+
+<p>Compare the reference to the "Shepherd-lord" in the first
+canto of <i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i>, <a href="#Page_116">p. 116</a>, and the topographical
+allusions there, with this <i>Song</i>. Compare also the life of
+Anne Clifford, in Hartley Coleridge's <i>Lives of Distinguished
+Northerners</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Brougham Castle, past which the river Emont flows, is
+about two miles out of Penrith, on the Appleby Road. It is
+now a ruin, but was once a place of importance. The larger<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+part of it was built by Roger, Lord Clifford, son of Isabella
+de Veteripont, who placed over the inner door the inscription,
+"This made Roger." His grandson added the eastern part.
+The castle was frequently laid waste by the Scottish Bands,
+and during the Wars of the Roses. The Earl of Cumberland
+entertained James I. within it, in 1617, on the occasion of the
+king's last return from Scotland; but it seems to have "layen
+ruinous" from that date, and to have suffered much during the
+civil wars in the reign of Charles I. In 1651-52 it was repaired
+by Lady Anne Clifford, Countess Dowager of Pembroke, who
+wrote thus&mdash;"After I had been there myself to direct the
+building of it, did I cause my old decayed castle of Brougham
+to be repaired, and also the tower called the "Roman Tower," in
+the same old castle, and the court-house, for keeping my courts
+in, with some dozen or fourteen rooms to be built in it upon
+the old foundation." (<i>Pembroke Memoirs</i>, i. p. 216.) After
+the time of the Countess Anne, the castle was neglected, and
+much of the stone, timber, and lead disposed of at public sales:
+the wainscotting being purchased by the neighbouring villagers.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Her thirty years of winter past,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>The red rose is revived at last.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This refers to the thirty years interval between 1455 (the
+first battle of St. Albans in the wars of the Roses) and 1485
+(the battle of Bosworth and the accession of Henry VII.)</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Both roses flourish, red and white</i>,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Alluding to the marriage of Henry VII. with Elizabeth,
+which united the two warring lines of York and Lancaster.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>And it was proved in Bosworth-field.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The battle of Bosworth Field, in Leicestershire, was fought
+in 1485.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Not long the Avenger was withstood&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Earth helped him with the cry of blood.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Henry VII.&mdash;who, as Henry, Earl of Richmond, last scion
+of the line of Lancaster, had fled to Brittany&mdash;returned with
+Morton, the exiled Bishop of Ely, landed at Milford, advanced
+through Wales, and met the royal army at Bosworth, where
+Richard was slain, and Henry crowned king on the battlefield.
+The "cry of blood" refers, doubtless, to the murder of the
+young princes in the Tower.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>How glad is Skipton at this hour&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Though lonely, a deserted Tower.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Skipton is the "capital" of the Craven district of Yorkshire,
+as Barrow is the capital of the Furness district of Lancashire
+and Westmoreland. The castle of Skipton was the chief
+residence of the Cliffords. Architecturally it is of two periods:
+the round tower dating from the reign of Edward II., and the
+rest from that of Henry VIII. From the time of Robert de
+Clifford, who fell at Bannockburn (1314), until the seventeenth
+century, the estates of the Cliffords extended from Skipton to
+Brougham Castle&mdash;seventy miles&mdash;with only a short interruption
+of ten miles. The "Shepherd-lord" Clifford of this poem
+was attainted&mdash;as explained in Wordsworth's note&mdash;by the
+triumphant House of York. He was "committed by his
+mother to the care of certain shepherds, whose wives had
+served her," and who kept him concealed both in Cumberland,
+and at Londesborough, in Yorkshire, where his mother's (Lady
+Margaret Vesci) own estates lay. The old "Tower" of
+Skipton Castle was "deserted" during these years when the
+"Shepherd-lord" was concealed in Cumberland.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>How glad Pendragon&mdash;though the sleep</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Of years be on her!</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Pendragon Castle, in a narrow dell in the forest of Mallerstang,
+near the source of the Eden, south of Kirkby-Stephen,
+was another of the castles of the Cliffords. Its building was
+traditionally ascribed to Uter Pendragon, of Stonehenge
+celebrity, who was fabled to have tried to make the Eden flow
+round the castle of Pendragon: hence the distich&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Let Uter Pendragon do what he can,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Eden will run where Eden ran.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the Countess of Pembroke's <i>Memoirs</i> (vol. i. pp. 22,
+228), we are told that Idonea de Veteripont "made a great
+part of her residence in Westmoreland at Brough Castle, near
+Stanemore, and at Pendragon Castle, in Mallerstang." The
+castle was burned and destroyed by Scottish raiders in 1341,
+and for 140 years it was in a ruinous state. It is probably to
+this that reference is made in the phrase, "though the sleep of
+years be on her." During the attainder of Henry Lord
+Clifford, in the reign of Edward IV., part of this estate of
+Mallerstang was granted to Sir William Parr of Kendal Castle.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
+It was again destroyed during the civil wars of the Stuarts, and
+was restored, along with Skipton and Brougham, by Lady
+Anne Clifford, in 1660, who put up an inscription
+"... Repaired in 1660, so as she came to lye in it herself
+for a little while in October 1661, after it had lain ruinous
+without timber or any other covering since 1541. Isaiah, chap.
+lviii. ver. 12." It was again demolished in 1685.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Beside her little humble stream.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Brough&mdash;the Verterae of the Romans&mdash;is called, for distinction's
+sake, "Brough-under-Stainmore" (or "Stanemore").
+The "little humble stream" is Hillbeck, formerly Hellebeck&mdash;(it
+was said to derive its name from the waters rushing or
+"helleing" down the channel)&mdash;which descends from Warcop
+Fell, runs through Market Brough, and joins the Eden below it.
+The date of the building of the castle of Brough is uncertain, but
+it is probably older than the Conquest. It was sacked by the
+Scottish King William in 1174. It was "one of the chief
+residences" of Idonea de Veteripont (above referred to);
+for "then it was in its prime." (<i>Pemb. Mem.</i>, vol. i.
+p. 22.) Probably she rebuilt it, and changed it from a tower&mdash;like
+Pendragon&mdash;into a castle. In the <i>Pembroke Memoirs</i>
+(i. p. 108), we read of its subsequent destruction by fire. "A
+great misfortune befell Henry Lord Clifford, some two years
+before his death, which happened in 1521; his ancient and
+great castle of Brough-under-Stanemore was set on fire by a
+casual mischance, a little after he had kept a great Christmas
+there, so as all the timber and lead were utterly consumed, and
+nothing left but the bare walls, which since are more and more
+consumed, and quite ruinated." This same Countess Anne
+Pembroke began to repair it in April 1660, "at her exceeding
+great charge and cost." She put up an inscription over the
+gate similar to the one which she inscribed at Pendragon.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>And she that keepeth watch and ward</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Her statelier Eden's course to guard.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Doubtless Appleby Castle. Its origin is equally uncertain.
+Before 1422, John Lord Clifford, "builded that strong and
+fine artificial gate-house, all arched with stone, and decorated
+with the arms of the Veteriponts, Cliffords, and Percys, which
+with several parts of the castle walls was defaced and broken
+down in the civil war of 1648." His successor, Thomas, Lord<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+Clifford, "built the chiefest part of the castle towards the east,
+as the hall, the chapel, and the great chamber." This was in
+1454. The Countess Anne Pembroke wrote of Appleby Castle
+thus (<i>Pemb. Mem.</i>, vol. i. p. 187): "In 1651 I continued to
+live in Appleby Castle a whole year, and spent much time in
+repairing it and Brougham Castle, to make them as habitable
+as I could, though Brougham was very ruinous, and much out
+of repair. And in this year, the 21st of April, I helped to lay
+the foundation stone of the middle wall of the great tower of
+Appleby Castle, called "Cæsar's Tower," to the end it might be
+repaired again, and made habitable, if it pleased God (Is. lviii.
+12), after it had stood without a roof or covering, or one
+chamber habitable in it, since about 1567," etc. etc.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>One fair House by Emont's side.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Brougham Castle.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Him, and his Lady-mother dear!</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Lady Margaret, daughter and heiress of Lord Vesci, who
+married John, Lord Clifford&mdash;the Clifford of Shakespeare's
+<i>Henry VI.</i> He was killed at Ferrybridge near Knottingley in
+1461. Their son was Henry, "the Shepherd-lord." His mother
+is buried in Londesborough Church, near Market Weighton.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Now Who is he that bounds with joy</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Carrock-fell is three miles south-west from Castle Sowerby,
+in Cumberland.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>And leave Blencathara's rugged coves.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There are many "Mosedales" in the English Lake District.
+The one referred to here is to the north of Blencathara or
+Saddleback.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>And quit the flowers that summer brings</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>To Glenderamakin's lofty springs.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The river Glenderamakin rises in the lofty ground to the
+north of Blencathara.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>&mdash;Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><span style="letter-spacing: 2em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;<br /></span></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>Thou tree of covert and of rest</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>For this young Bird that is distrest.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>It was on Sir Lancelot Threlkeld's estates in Cumberland
+that the young Lord was concealed, disguised as a shepherd-boy.
+He was the "tree of covert" for the young "Bird"
+Henry Clifford. Compare <i>The Waggoner</i>, ll. 628-39 (vol. iii.
+p. 100)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And see, beyond that hamlet small,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The ruined towers of Threlkeld-hall,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Lurking in a double shade,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">By trees and lingering twilight made!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">There, at Blencathara's rugged feet,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat</span><br />
+<span class="i2">To noble Clifford; from annoy</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Concealed the persecuted boy,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Well pleased in rustic garb to feed</span><br />
+<span class="i2">His flock, and pipe on shepherd's reed</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Among this multitude of hills,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Crags, woodlands, waterfalls, and rills.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The old hall of Threlkeld has long been a ruin. Its only
+habitable part has been a farmhouse for many years.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>And both the undying fish that swim</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Bowscale Tarn is to the north of Blencathara. Its stream
+joins the Caldew river.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>And into caves where Faeries sing</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>He hath entered.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare the previous reference to Blencathara's "rugged
+coves." There are many such on this mountain.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>How he, long forced in humble walks to go,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>After restoration to his ancestral estates, the Shepherd-lord
+preferred to live in comparative retirement. He spent most of
+his time at Barden Tower (see <a href="#Footnote_U_418">notes</a> to <i>The White Doe
+of Rylstone</i>), which he enlarged, and where he lived with a
+small retinue. He was much at Bolton (which was close at
+hand), and there he studied astronomy and alchemy, aided by
+the monks. It is to the time when he lived at Threlkeld, however&mdash;wandering
+as a shepherd-boy, over the ridges and around
+the coves of Blencathara, amongst the groves of Mosedale, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+by the lofty springs of Glenderamakin&mdash;that Wordsworth refers
+in the lines,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>His daily teachers had been woods and rills,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>The silence that is in the starry sky,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>The sleep that is among the lonely hills.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He was at Flodden in 1513, when nearly sixty years of age,
+leading there the "flower of Craven."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">From Penigent to Pendle Hill,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">From Linton to long Addingham,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And all that Craven's coasts did till,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">They with the lusty Clifford came.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare, in the first canto of <i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i>
+(<a href="#Page_117">p. 117</a>)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5h">when he, with spear and shield,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Rode full of years to Flodden-field.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He died in 1523, and was buried in the choir of Bolton
+Priory.</p>
+
+<p>The following is Sarah Coleridge's criticism of the <a href="#SONG_AT_THE_FEAST_OF_BROUGHAM"><i>Song at the
+Feast of Brougham Castle</i></a>, in the editorial note to her father's
+<i>Biographia Literaria</i> (vol. ii. ch. ix. p. 152, ed. 1847):&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The transitions and vicissitudes in this noble lyric I have
+always thought rendered it one of the finest specimens of modern
+subjective poetry which our age has seen. The ode commences
+in a tone of high gratulation and festivity&mdash;a tone not only glad,
+but <i>comparatively</i> even jocund and light-hearted. The Clifford
+is restored to the home, the honours and estates of his ancestors.
+Then it sinks and falls away to the remembrance of tribulation&mdash;times
+of war and bloodshed, flight and terror, and hiding
+away from the enemy&mdash;times of poverty and distress, when
+the Clifford was brought, a little child, to the shelter of a
+northern valley. After a while it emerges from those depths of
+sorrow&mdash;gradually rises into a strain of elevated tranquillity and
+contemplative rapture; through the power of imagination, the
+beautiful and impressive aspects of nature are brought into
+relationship with the spirit of him, whose fortunes and character
+form the subject of the piece, and are represented as
+gladdening and exalting it, whilst they keep it <i>pure and unspotted
+from the world</i>. Suddenly the Poet is carried on with
+greater animation and passion: he has returned to the point
+whence he started&mdash;flung himself back into the tide of stirring<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>
+life and moving events. All is to come over again, struggle
+and conflict, chances and changes of war, victory and triumph,
+overthrow and desolation. I know nothing, in lyric poetry,
+more beautiful or affecting than the final transition from this
+part of the ode, with its rapid metre, to the slow elegiac stanzas
+at the end, when, from the warlike fervour and eagerness, the
+jubilant strain which has just been described, the Poet passes
+back into the sublime silence of Nature, gathering amid her
+deep and quiet bosom a more subdued and solemn tenderness
+than he had manifested before; it is as if from the heights of
+the imaginative intellect, his spirit had retreated into the recesses
+of a profoundly thoughtful Christian heart."</p>
+
+<p>Professor Henry Reed said of this poem&mdash;"Had he never
+written another ode, this alone would set him at the head of
+the lyric poets of England."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_168" id="Footnote_1_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_168"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... sorrows ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_169" id="Footnote_2_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_169"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... hath ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_170" id="Footnote_3_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_170"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... royalty.       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_171" id="Footnote_4_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_171"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Though she is but a lonely Tower!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Silent, deserted of her best,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Without an Inmate or a Guest,  <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Deserted, emptied of her best.  <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To vacancy and silence left;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of all her guardian sons bereft&mdash; <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_172" id="Footnote_5_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_172"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Knight, Squire, or Yeoman, Page, or Groom; <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_173" id="Footnote_6_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_173"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... on vale and hill: <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_174" id="Footnote_7_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_174"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... solemn ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_175" id="Footnote_8_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_175"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> 1845. This line was previously three lines&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And a chearful company,</span><br />
+<span class="var">That learn'd of him submissive ways;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And comforted his private days.        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A spirit-soothing company,      <span class="yearnum">1836.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_176" id="Footnote_9_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_176"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">They moved about in open sight,</span><br />
+<span class="var">To and fro, for his delight.        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_177" id="Footnote_10_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_177"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">On ...         <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_178" id="Footnote_11_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_178"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... heard ...         <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_179" id="Footnote_12_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_179"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And the Caves ...        <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_180" id="Footnote_13_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_180"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Face of thing ...       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_181" id="Footnote_14_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_181"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1840.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And, if Men report him right,</span><br />
+<span class="var">He can whisper words of might.       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He could whisper ...     <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And, if that men report him right,</span><br />
+<span class="var">He could whisper ... <span class="yearnum">1836.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_182" id="Footnote_15_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_182"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Alas! the fervent Harper did not know</span><br />
+<span class="var">That for a tranquil Soul the Lay was framed,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Who, long compell'd in humble walks to go,       <span class="yearnum">1807.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_183" id="Footnote_16_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_183"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> 1807.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... of ...       <span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">MS.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_184" id="Footnote_A_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_184"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>Hudibras</i>, part <span class="allcapsc">II.</span> canto i. ll. 567-8&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That shall infuse Eternal Spring</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And everlasting flourishing.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_185" id="Footnote_B_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_185"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> This line is from <i>The Battle of Bosworth Field</i>, by Sir John Beaumont
+(Brother to the Dramatist), whose poems are written with so much spirit,
+elegance, and harmony, that it is supposed, as the Book is very scarce, a
+new edition of it would be acceptable to Scholars and Men of taste, and,
+accordingly, it is in contemplation to give one.&mdash;W. W. 1807.
+</p><p>
+Beaumont's line in <i>The Battle of Bosworth Field</i> is&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The earth assists thee with the cry of blood.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_186" id="Footnote_C_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_186"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> "No three words could better describe the gulfs on the side of Saddleback."
+(H. D. Rawnsley.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_187" id="Footnote_D_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_187"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> "Rugged patches of Hawkweed, golden rod, and white water ranunculus
+in the pools." (H. D. Rawnsley.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_188" id="Footnote_E_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_188"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> The eagle nested in Borrowdale as late as 1785.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_189" id="Footnote_F_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_189"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> It is imagined by the people of the Country that there are two immortal
+Fish, Inhabitants of this Tarn, which lies in the mountains not far from
+Threlkeld. Blencathara, mentioned before, is the old and proper name of
+the mountain vulgarly called Saddle-back.&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_190" id="Footnote_G_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_190"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> The martial character of the Cliffords is well known to the readers of
+English History; but it may not be improper here to say, by way of comment
+on these lines and what follows, that, besides several others who
+perished in the same manner, the four immediate Progenitors of the person
+in whose hearing this is supposed to be spoken, all died in the Field.&mdash;W. W.
+1807.
+</p><p>
+Compare <i>The Borderers</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">III.</span> l. 56 (vol. i. p. 173)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">They say, Lord Clifford is a savage man.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_191" id="Footnote_H_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_191"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> He was killed at Ferrybridge the day before the battle of Towton.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1808" id="Year_1808"></a>1808</h2>
+
+
+<p>The poems referring to Coleorton are all transferred to
+the year 1807, and <i>The Force of Prayer</i> was written in that
+year. Those composed in 1808 were few in number. With
+the exception of <i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i>&mdash;to which additions
+were made in that year&mdash;they include only the two sonnets
+<i>Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a Tract,
+occasioned by the Convention of Cintra</i>, and the fragment on
+<i>George and Sarah Green</i>. The latter poem Wordsworth gave
+to De Quincey, who published it in his "Recollections of
+Grasmere," which appeared in <i>Tait's Edinburgh Magazine</i> in
+September 1839; but it never found a place in any edition of
+Wordsworth's own poems. In this edition it is printed in the
+appendix to volume viii.</p>
+
+<p>The reasons which have led me to assign <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of
+Rylstone</i></a> to the year 1808, are stated in a note to the poem
+(see <a href="#Page_191">p. 191</a>). I infer that it was practically finished in April
+1808, because Dorothy Wordsworth, in a letter to Lady Beaumont,
+dated April 20, 1808, says, "The poem is to be
+published. Longman has consented&mdash;in spite of the odium
+under which my brother labours as a poet&mdash;to give him 100
+guineas for 1000 copies, according to his demand." She gives
+no indication of the name of the poem referred to. As it must,
+however, have been one which was to be published separately,
+she can only refer to <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a> or to <i>The Excursion</i>;
+but the latter poem was not finished in 1808.</p>
+
+<p>It is probable, from the remark made in a subsequent letter
+to Lady Beaumont, February 1810, that Wordsworth intended
+either to add to what he had written in 1808, or to alter some
+passages before publication; or by "completing" the poem, he
+may have meant simply adding the Dedication, which was
+not written till 1815.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>All things considered, it seems the best arrangement that the
+poems of 1808 should begin with <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>.
+In the year 1891 I edited this poem for the Clarendon Press.
+A few additional details have come to light since then, and are
+introduced into the notes. S. T. Coleridge's criticism of the
+poem in <i>Biographia Literaria</i>, vol. ii. chap. xxii. p. 176 (edition
+1817), should be consulted.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE" id="THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"></a>THE WHITE DOE OF RYLSTONE;</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Or, The Fate of the Nortons</span></h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807-10.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">ADVERTISEMENT</p>
+
+<p>During the Summer of 1807, I visited, for the first time, the
+beautiful country that surrounds Bolton Priory, in Yorkshire;
+and the Poem of the <span class="smcap">White Doe</span>, founded upon a Tradition
+connected with that place, was composed at the close of the
+same year.&mdash;W. W.<a name="FNanchor_A_398" id="FNanchor_A_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_398" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+<p>[The earlier half of this poem was composed at Stockton-upon-Tees,
+when Mrs. Wordsworth and I were on a visit to her
+eldest brother, Mr. Hutchinson, at the close of the year 1807.
+The country is flat, and the weather was rough. I was
+accustomed every day to walk to and fro under the shelter of a
+row of stacks, in a field at a small distance from the town, and
+there poured forth my verses aloud as freely as they would
+come. Mrs. Wordsworth reminds me that her brother stood
+upon the punctilio of not sitting down to dinner till I joined
+the party; and it frequently happened that I did not make my
+appearance till too late, so that she was made uncomfortable.
+I here beg her pardon for this and similar transgressions during
+the whole course of our wedded life. To my beloved sister the
+same apology is due.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>When, from the visit just mentioned, we returned to Town-end,
+Grasmere, I proceeded with the poem; and it may be
+worth while to note, as a caution to others who may cast their
+eye on these memoranda, that the skin having been rubbed off
+my heel by my wearing too tight a shoe, though I desisted from
+walking, I found that the irritation of the wounded part was
+kept up, by the act of composition, to a degree that made it
+necessary to give my constitution a holiday. A rapid cure was
+the consequence. Poetic excitement, when accompanied by
+protracted labour in composition, has throughout my life brought
+on more or less bodily derangement. Nevertheless, I am at
+the close of my seventy-third year, in what may be called
+excellent health; so that intellectual labour is not necessarily
+unfavourable to longevity. But perhaps I ought here to add
+that mine has been generally carried on out of doors.</p>
+
+<p>Let me here say a few words of this poem in the way of
+criticism. The subject being taken from feudal times has led
+to its being compared to some of Walter Scott's poems that
+belong to the same age and state of society. The comparison
+is inconsiderate. Sir Walter pursued the customary and very
+natural course of conducting an action, presenting various turns
+of fortune, to some outstanding point on which the mind might
+rest as a termination or catastrophe. The course I have
+attempted to pursue is entirely different. Everything that is
+attempted by the principal personages in <i>The White Doe</i> fails,
+so far as its object is external and substantial. So far as it is
+moral and spiritual it succeeds. The heroine of the poem knows
+that her duty is not to interfere with the current of events,
+either to forward or delay them, but</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i9h">to abide</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The shock, and finally secure</span><br />
+<span class="i2">O'er pain and grief a triumph pure.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This she does in obedience to her brother's injunction, as
+most suitable to a mind and character that, under previous trials,
+has been proved to accord with his. She achieves this not
+without aid from the communication with the inferior Creature,
+which often leads her thoughts to revolve upon the past with a
+tender and humanising influence that exalts rather than depresses
+her. The anticipated beatification, if I may so say, of her
+mind, and the apotheosis of the companion of her solitude, are
+the points at which the Poem aims, and constitute its legitimate
+catastrophe, far too spiritual a one for instant or widely-spread
+sympathy, but not, therefore, the less fitted to make a deep and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>
+permanent impression upon that class of minds who think and
+feel more independently, than the many do, of the surfaces of
+things and interests transitory, because belonging more to the
+outward and social forms of life than to its internal spirit. How
+insignificant a thing, for example, does personal prowess appear
+compared with the fortitude of patience and heroic martyrdom;
+in other words, with struggles for the sake of principle, in
+preference to victory gloried in for its own sake.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">DEDICATION</p>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">I</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In trellised shed with clustering roses gay,<a name="FNanchor_B_399" id="FNanchor_B_399"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_399" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, <span class="smcap">Mary</span>! oft beside our blazing fire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When years of wedded life were as a day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose current answers to the heart's desire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Did we together read in Spenser's Lay              <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How Una, sad of soul&mdash;in sad attire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The gentle Una, of celestial birth,<a name="FNanchor_1_192" id="FNanchor_1_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_192" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To seek her Knight went wandering o'er the earth.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">II</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ah, then, Belovèd! pleasing was the smart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the tear precious in compassion shed          <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For Her, who, pierced by sorrow's thrilling dart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Did meekly bear the pang unmerited;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Meek as that emblem of her lowly heart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The milk-white Lamb which in a line she led,&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_C_400" id="FNanchor_C_400"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_400" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And faithful, loyal in her innocence,             <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like the brave Lion slain in her defence.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p>
+<p class="bindentx">III</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Notes could we hear as of a faery shell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attuned to words with sacred wisdom fraught;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Free Fancy prized each specious miracle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all its finer inspiration caught;           <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till in the bosom of our rustic Cell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We by a lamentable change were taught<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That "bliss with mortal Man may not abide:"<a name="FNanchor_D_401" id="FNanchor_D_401"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_401" class="fnanchor">[D]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How nearly joy and sorrow are allied!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">IV</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For us the stream of fiction ceased to flow,       <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For us the voice of melody was mute.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But, as soft gales dissolve the dreary snow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And give the timid herbage leave to shoot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Heaven's breathing influence failed not to bestow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A timely promise of unlooked-for fruit,           <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair fruit of pleasure and serene content<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From blossoms wild of fancies innocent.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">V</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It soothed us&mdash;it beguiled us&mdash;then, to hear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Once more of troubles wrought by magic spell;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And griefs whose aery motion comes not near        <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pangs that tempt the Spirit to rebel:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then, with mild Una in her sober cheer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High over hill and low adown the dell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Again we wandered, willing to partake<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All that she suffered for her dear Lord's sake.      <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">VI</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then, too, this Song <i>of mine</i> once more could please,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where anguish, strange as dreams of restless sleep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is tempered and allayed by sympathies</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Aloft ascending, and descending deep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even to the inferior Kinds; whom forest-trees      <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Protect from beating sunbeams, and the sweep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the sharp winds;&mdash;fair Creatures!&mdash;to whom Heaven<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A calm and sinless life, with love, hath given.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">VII</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">This tragic Story cheered us; for it speaks<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of female patience winning firm repose;         <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, of the recompense that<a name="FNanchor_2_193" id="FNanchor_2_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_193" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> conscience seeks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A bright, encouraging, example shows;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Needful when o'er wide realms the tempest breaks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Needful amid life's ordinary woes;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence, not for them unfitted who would bless          <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A happy hour with holier happiness.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindentx">VIII</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He serves the Muses erringly and ill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose aim is pleasure light and fugitive:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O, that my mind were equal to fulfil<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The comprehensive mandate which they give&mdash;     <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vain aspiration of an earnest will!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet in this moral Strain a power may live,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belovèd Wife! such solace to impart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As it hath yielded to thy tender heart.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rydal Mount, Westmoreland</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>April</i> 20, 1815.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Action is transitory&mdash;a step, a blow,            <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The motion of a muscle&mdash;this way or that&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis done; and in the after-vacancy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We wonder at ourselves like men betrayed:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Suffering is permanent, obscure and dark,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And has the nature of infinity.                   <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet through that darkness (infinite though it seem<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And irremovable) gracious openings lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By which the soul&mdash;with patient steps of thought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now toiling, wafted now on wings of prayer&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May pass in hope, and, though from mortal bonds       <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet undelivered, rise with sure ascent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even to the fountain-head of peace divine."<a name="FNanchor_E_402" id="FNanchor_E_402"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_402" class="fnanchor">[E]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"They that deny a God, destroy Man's nobility: for certainly
+Man is of kinn to the Beast by his Body; and if he be not of
+kinn to God by his Spirit, he is a base ignoble Creature. It
+destroys likewise Magnanimity, and the raising of humane
+Nature: for take an example of a Dogg, and mark what a
+generosity and courage he will put on, when he finds himself
+maintained by a Man, who to him is instead of a God, or
+Melior Natura. Which courage is manifestly such, as that
+Creature without that confidence of a better Nature than his
+own could never attain. So Man, when he resteth and assureth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>
+himself upon Divine protection and favour, gathereth a force
+and faith which human Nature in itself could not obtain."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Lord Bacon.</span></span><a name="FNanchor_F_403" id="FNanchor_F_403"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_403" class="fnanchor">[F]</a><br />
+<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO FIRST</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">From Bolton's old monastic tower<a name="FNanchor_G_404" id="FNanchor_G_404"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_404" class="fnanchor">[G]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bells ring loud with gladsome power;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sun shines<a name="FNanchor_3_194" id="FNanchor_3_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_194" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> bright; the fields are gay<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With people in their best array<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of stole and doublet, hood and scarf,      <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Along the banks of crystal Wharf,<a name="FNanchor_4_195" id="FNanchor_4_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_195" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through the Vale retired and lowly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Trooping to that summons holy.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, up among the moorlands, see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What sprinklings of blithe company!      <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of lasses and of shepherd grooms,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That down the steep hills force their way,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like cattle through the budded brooms;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Path, or no path, what care they?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus in joyous mood they hie       <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Bolton's mouldering Priory.<a name="FNanchor_H_405" id="FNanchor_H_405"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_405" class="fnanchor">[H]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">What would they there!&mdash;full fifty years<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That sumptuous Pile, with all its peers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too harshly hath been doomed to taste</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">The bitterness of wrong and waste:       <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its courts are ravaged; but the tower<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is standing with a voice of power,<a name="FNanchor_I_406" id="FNanchor_I_406"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_406" class="fnanchor">[I]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That ancient voice which wont to call<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To mass or some high festival;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in the shattered fabric's heart          <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Remaineth one protected part;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Closely embowered and trimly drest;<a name="FNanchor_5_196" id="FNanchor_5_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_196" class="fnanchor">[5]</a><a name="FNanchor_J_407" id="FNanchor_J_407"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_407" class="fnanchor">[J]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thither young and old repair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Sabbath-day, for praise and prayer.       <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Fast the church-yard fills;&mdash;anon<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Look again, and they all are gone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The cluster round the porch, and the folk<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who sate in the shade of the Prior's Oak!<a name="FNanchor_K_408" id="FNanchor_K_408"></a><a href="#Footnote_K_408" class="fnanchor">[K]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And scarcely have they disappeared            <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere the prelusive hymn is heard:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With one consent the people rejoice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Filling the church with a lofty voice!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They sing a service which they feel:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For 'tis the sunrise now of zeal;        <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of a pure faith the vernal prime&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_6_197" id="FNanchor_6_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_197" class="fnanchor">[6]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In great Eliza's golden time.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span><span class="i1">A moment ends the fervent din,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all is hushed, without and within;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For though the priest, more tranquilly,      <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Recites the holy liturgy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The only voice which you can hear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is the river murmuring near.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;When soft!&mdash;the dusky trees between,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And down the path through the open green,     <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where is no living thing to be seen;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And through yon gateway, where is found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath the arch with ivy bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Free entrance to the church-yard ground&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_7_198" id="FNanchor_7_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_198" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>Comes gliding in with lovely gleam,       <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Comes gliding in serene and slow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Soft and silent as a dream,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A solitary Doe!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">White she is as lily of June,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And beauteous as the silver moon             <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When out of sight the clouds are driven<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she is left alone in heaven;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or like a ship some gentle day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In sunshine sailing far away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A glittering ship, that hath the plain       <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of ocean for her own domain.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Lie silent in your graves, ye dead!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lie quiet in your church-yard bed!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ye living, tend your holy cares;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ye multitude, pursue your prayers;        <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And blame not me if my heart and sight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are occupied with one delight!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis a work for sabbath hours</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">If I with this bright Creature go:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whether she be of forest bowers,     <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the bowers of earth below;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or a Spirit for one day given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A pledge<a name="FNanchor_8_199" id="FNanchor_8_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_199" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> of grace from purest heaven.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">What harmonious pensive changes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wait upon her as she ranges            <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Round and through this Pile of state<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Overthrown and desolate!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now a step or two her way<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Leads through<a name="FNanchor_9_200" id="FNanchor_9_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_200" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> space of open day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the enamoured sunny light        <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Brightens her that was so bright;<a name="FNanchor_L_409" id="FNanchor_L_409"></a><a href="#Footnote_L_409" class="fnanchor">[L]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now doth a delicate shadow fall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Falls upon her like a breath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From some lofty arch or wall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As she passes underneath:          <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now some gloomy nook partakes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the glory that she makes,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High-ribbed vault of stone, or cell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With perfect cunning framed as well<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of stone, and ivy, and the spread         <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the elder's bushy head;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some jealous and forbidding cell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That doth the living stars repel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And where no flower hath leave to dwell.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">The presence of this wandering Doe     <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fills many a damp obscure recess<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With lustre of a saintly show;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, reappearing, she no less</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Sheds on the flowers that round her blow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A more than sunny liveliness.<a name="FNanchor_10_201" id="FNanchor_10_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_201" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>       <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But say, among these holy places,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which thus assiduously she paces,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Comes she with a votary's task,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rite to perform, or boon to ask?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair Pilgrim! harbours she a sense     <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of sorrow, or of reverence?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can she be grieved for quire or shrine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Crushed as if by wrath divine?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For what survives of house where God<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was worshipped, or where Man abode;     <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For old magnificence undone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or for the gentler work begun<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By Nature, softening and concealing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And busy with a hand of healing?<a name="FNanchor_M_410" id="FNanchor_M_410"></a><a href="#Footnote_M_410" class="fnanchor">[M]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mourns she for lordly chamber's hearth      <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That to the sapling ash gives birth;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For dormitory's length laid bare<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the wild rose blossoms fair;<a name="FNanchor_N_411" id="FNanchor_N_411"></a><a href="#Footnote_N_411" class="fnanchor">[N]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or altar, whence the cross was rent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now rich with mossy ornament?<a name="FNanchor_11_202" id="FNanchor_11_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_202" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>         <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span><span class="i0">&mdash;She sees a warrior carved in stone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the thick weeds, stretched alone;<a name="FNanchor_O_412" id="FNanchor_O_412"></a><a href="#Footnote_O_412" class="fnanchor">[O]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A warrior, with his shield of pride<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cleaving humbly to his side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hands in resignation prest,         <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Palm to palm, on his tranquil breast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As little she regards the sight<a name="FNanchor_12_203" id="FNanchor_12_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_203" class="fnanchor">[12]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As a common creature might:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If she be doomed to inward care,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or service, it must lie elsewhere.      <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But hers are eyes serenely bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And on she moves&mdash;with pace how light!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor spares to stoop her head, and taste<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dewy turf with flowers bestrown;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus she fares, until at last<a name="FNanchor_13_204" id="FNanchor_13_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_204" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>       <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beside the ridge of a grassy grave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In quietness she lays her down;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gentle<a name="FNanchor_14_205" id="FNanchor_14_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_205" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> as a weary wave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sinks, when the summer breeze hath died,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Against an anchored vessel's side;       <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even so, without distress, doth she<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lie down in peace, and lovingly.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">The day is placid in its going,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To a lingering motion bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like the crystal stream now flowing      <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span><span class="i0">With its softest summer sound:<a name="FNanchor_15_206" id="FNanchor_15_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_206" class="fnanchor">[15]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So the balmy minutes pass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While this radiant Creature lies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Couched upon the dewy grass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pensively with downcast eyes.         <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But now again the people raise<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With awful cheer a voice of praise;<a name="FNanchor_16_207" id="FNanchor_16_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_207" class="fnanchor">[16]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is the last, the parting song;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And from the temple forth they throng,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And quickly spread themselves abroad,    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While each pursues his several road.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But some&mdash;a variegated band<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of middle-aged, and old, and young,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And little children by the hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon their leading mothers hung&mdash;       <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With mute obeisance gladly paid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turn towards the spot, where, full in view,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The white Doe, to her service true,<a name="FNanchor_17_208" id="FNanchor_17_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_208" class="fnanchor">[17]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her sabbath couch has made.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">It was a solitary mound;                 <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which two spears' length of level ground<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Did from all other graves divide:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if in some respect of pride;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or melancholy's sickly mood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still shy of human neighbourhood;          <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or guilt, that humbly would express<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A penitential loneliness.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span><span class="i1">"Look, there she is, my Child! draw near;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She fears not, wherefore should we fear?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She means no harm;"&mdash;but still the Boy,        <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To whom the words were softly said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hung back, and smiled, and blushed for joy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A shamed-faced blush of glowing red!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Again the Mother whispered low,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Now you have seen the famous Doe;             <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Rylstone she hath found her way<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Over the hills this sabbath day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her work, whate'er it be, is done,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she will depart when we are gone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus doth she keep, from year to year,         <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her sabbath morning, foul or fair."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1"><a name="FNanchor_18_209" id="FNanchor_18_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_209" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>Bright was<a name="FNanchor_19_210" id="FNanchor_19_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_210" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> the Creature, as in dreams<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Boy had seen her, yea, more bright;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But is she truly what she seems?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He asks with insecure delight,                 <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Asks of himself, and doubts,&mdash;and still<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The doubt returns against his will:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though he, and all the standers-by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could tell a tragic history<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of facts divulged, wherein appear              <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Substantial motive, reason clear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Why thus the milk-white Doe is found<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Couchant beside that lonely mound;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And why she duly loves to pace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The circuit of this hallowed place.            <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor to the Child's inquiring mind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is such perplexity confined:</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">For, spite of sober Truth that sees<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A world of fixed remembrances<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which to this mystery belong,        <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If, undeceived, my skill can trace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The characters of every face,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There lack not strange delusion here,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Conjecture vague, and idle fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And superstitious fancies strong,      <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which do the gentle Creature wrong.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">That bearded, staff-supported Sire&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who in his boyhood often fed<a name="FNanchor_20_211" id="FNanchor_20_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_211" class="fnanchor">[20]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Full cheerily on convent-bread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And heard old tales by the convent-fire,     <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to his grave will go with scars,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Relics of long and distant wars&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_21_212" id="FNanchor_21_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_212" class="fnanchor">[21]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Old Man, studious to expound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The spectacle, is mounting<a name="FNanchor_22_213" id="FNanchor_22_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_213" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To days of dim antiquity;                  <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When Lady Aäliza mourned<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her Son,<a name="FNanchor_P_413" id="FNanchor_P_413"></a><a href="#Footnote_P_413" class="fnanchor">[P]</a> and felt in her despair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pang of unavailing prayer;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her Son in Wharf's abysses drowned,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The noble Boy of Egremound.<a name="FNanchor_Q_414" id="FNanchor_Q_414"></a><a href="#Footnote_Q_414" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a>             <span class="linenum">230</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From which affliction&mdash;when the grace</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of God had in her heart found place&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_23_214" id="FNanchor_23_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_214" class="fnanchor">[23]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A pious structure, fair to see,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rose up, this stately Priory!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Lady's work;&mdash;but now laid low;             <span class="linenum">235</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the grief of her soul that doth come and go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the beautiful form of this innocent Doe:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, though seemingly doomed in its breast to sustain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A softened remembrance of sorrow and pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is spotless, and holy, and gentle, and bright;      <span class="linenum">240</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And glides o'er the earth like an angel of light.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;<a name="FNanchor_R_415" id="FNanchor_R_415"></a><a href="#Footnote_R_415" class="fnanchor">[R]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, through the chink in the fractured floor<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Look down, and see a griesly sight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A vault where the bodies are buried upright!<a name="FNanchor_S_416" id="FNanchor_S_416"></a><a href="#Footnote_S_416" class="fnanchor">[S]</a>      <span class="linenum">245</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There, face by face, and hand by hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Claphams and Mauleverers stand;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in his place, among son and sire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is John de Clapham, that fierce Esquire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A valiant man, and a name of dread                 <span class="linenum">250</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the ruthless wars of the White and Red;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who dragged Earl Pembroke from Banbury church<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And smote off his head on the stones of the porch!</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Look down among them, if you dare;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oft does the White Doe loiter there,    <span class="linenum">255</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Prying into the darksome rent;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor can it be with good intent:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So thinks that Dame of haughty air,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who hath a Page her book to hold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wears a frontlet edged with gold.      <span class="linenum">260</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Harsh thoughts with her high mood agree&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who counts among her ancestry<a name="FNanchor_24_215" id="FNanchor_24_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_215" class="fnanchor">[24]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Earl Pembroke, slain so impiously!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">That slender Youth, a scholar pale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Oxford come to his native vale,       <span class="linenum">265</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He also hath his own conceit:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is, thinks he, the gracious Fairy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who loved the Shepherd-lord to meet<a name="FNanchor_T_417" id="FNanchor_T_417"></a><a href="#Footnote_T_417" class="fnanchor">[T]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">In his wanderings solitary:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wild notes she in his hearing sang,    <span class="linenum">270</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A song of Nature's hidden powers;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That whistled like the wind, and rang<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the rocks and holly bowers.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Twas said that She all shapes could wear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oftentimes before him stood,      <span class="linenum">275</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Amid the trees of some thick wood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In semblance of a lady fair;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And taught him signs, and showed him sights,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Craven's dens, on Cumbrian<a name="FNanchor_25_216" id="FNanchor_25_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_216" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> heights;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When under cloud of fear he lay,      <span class="linenum">280</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A shepherd clad in homely grey;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor left him at his later day.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hence, when he, with spear and shield,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rode full of years to Flodden-field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His eye could see the hidden spring,    <span class="linenum">285</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And how the current was to flow;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The fatal end of Scotland's King,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all that hopeless overthrow.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But not in wars did he delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>This</i> Clifford wished for worthier might;    <span class="linenum">290</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span><span class="i0">Nor in broad pomp, or courtly state;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Him his own thoughts did elevate,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Most happy in the shy recess<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Barden's lowly<a name="FNanchor_26_217" id="FNanchor_26_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_217" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> quietness.<a name="FNanchor_U_418" id="FNanchor_U_418"></a><a href="#Footnote_U_418" class="fnanchor">[U]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And choice of studious friends had he      <span class="linenum">295</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Bolton's dear fraternity;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, standing on this old church tower,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In many a calm propitious hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perused, with him, the starry sky;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or, in their cells, with him did pry        <span class="linenum">300</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For other lore,&mdash;by keen desire<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Urged to close toil with chemic fire;<a name="FNanchor_27_218" id="FNanchor_27_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_218" class="fnanchor">[27]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In quest belike of transmutations<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rich as the mine's most bright creations.<a name="FNanchor_28_219" id="FNanchor_28_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_219" class="fnanchor">[28]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But they and their good works are fled,      <span class="linenum">305</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all is now disquieted&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And peace is none, for living or dead!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Ah, pensive Scholar, think not so,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But look again at the radiant Doe!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What quiet watch she seems to keep,      <span class="linenum">310</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alone, beside that grassy heap!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Why mention other thoughts unmeet<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For vision so composed and sweet?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While stand the people in a ring,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Gazing, doubting, questioning;            <span class="linenum">315</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea, many overcome in spite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of recollections clear and bright;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which yet do unto some impart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An undisturbed repose of heart.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the assembly own a law            <span class="linenum">320</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of orderly respect and awe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But see&mdash;they vanish one by one,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And last, the Doe herself is gone.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Harp! we have been full long beguiled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By vague thoughts, lured by fancies wild;<a name="FNanchor_29_220" id="FNanchor_29_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_220" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>      <span class="linenum">325</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To which, with no reluctant strings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou hast attuned thy murmurings;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now before this Pile we stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In solitude, and utter peace:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, Harp! thy murmurs may not cease&mdash;      <span class="linenum">330</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Spirit, with his angelic wings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In soft and breeze-like visitings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Has touched thee&mdash;and a Spirit's hand:<a name="FNanchor_30_221" id="FNanchor_30_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_221" class="fnanchor">[30]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A voice is with us&mdash;a command<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To chant, in strains of heavenly glory,        <span class="linenum">335</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A tale of tears, a mortal story!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO SECOND</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Harp in lowliness obeyed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And first we sang of the green-wood shade<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And a solitary Maid;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beginning, where the song must end,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With her, and with her sylvan Friend;        <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Friend, who stood before her sight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her only unextinguished light;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her last companion in a dearth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of love, upon a hopeless earth.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">For She it was&mdash;this Maid, who wrought<a name="FNanchor_31_222" id="FNanchor_31_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_222" class="fnanchor">[31]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Meekly, with foreboding thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In vermeil colours and in gold<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An unblest work; which, standing by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her Father did with joy behold,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Exulting in its<a name="FNanchor_32_223" id="FNanchor_32_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_223" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> imagery;          <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Banner, fashioned to fulfil<a name="FNanchor_33_224" id="FNanchor_33_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_224" class="fnanchor">[33]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too perfectly his headstrong will:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For on this Banner had her hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Embroidered (such her Sire's command)<a name="FNanchor_34_225" id="FNanchor_34_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_225" class="fnanchor">[34]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sacred Cross; and figured there      <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The five dear wounds our Lord did bear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Full soon to be uplifted high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And float in rueful company!</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span><span class="i1">It was the time when England's Queen        <span class="linenum">24</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;<a name="FNanchor_V_419" id="FNanchor_V_419"></a><a href="#Footnote_V_419" class="fnanchor">[V]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor yet the restless crown had been<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disturbed upon her virgin head;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But now the inly-working North<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was ripe to send its thousands forth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A potent vassalage, to fight              <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Percy's and in Neville's right,<a name="FNanchor_W_420" id="FNanchor_W_420"></a><a href="#Footnote_W_420" class="fnanchor">[W]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Two Earls fast leagued in discontent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who gave their wishes open vent;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And boldly urged a general plea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The rites of ancient piety          <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To be triumphantly restored,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By the stern justice of the sword!<a name="FNanchor_35_226" id="FNanchor_35_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_226" class="fnanchor">[35]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And that same Banner on whose breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The blameless Lady had exprest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Memorials chosen to give life            <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sunshine to a dangerous strife;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That<a name="FNanchor_36_227" id="FNanchor_36_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_227" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> Banner, waiting for the Call,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood quietly in Rylstone-hall.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">It came; and Francis Norton said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"O Father! rise not in this fray&mdash;        <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The hairs are white upon your head;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dear Father, hear me when I say<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is for you too late a day!</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Bethink you of your own good name:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A just and gracious queen have we,      <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A pure religion, and the claim<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of peace on our humanity.&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis meet that I endure your scorn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I am your son, your eldest born;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But not for lordship or for land,      <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My Father, do I clasp your knees;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Banner touch not, stay your hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This multitude of men disband,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And live at home in blameless<a name="FNanchor_37_228" id="FNanchor_37_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_228" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> ease;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For these my brethren's sake, for me;      <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, most of all, for Emily!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Tumultuous noises filled the hall;<a name="FNanchor_38_229" id="FNanchor_38_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_229" class="fnanchor">[38]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And scarcely could the Father hear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That name&mdash;pronounced with a dying fall&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_39_230" id="FNanchor_39_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_230" class="fnanchor">[39]</a><a name="FNanchor_X_421" id="FNanchor_X_421"></a><a href="#Footnote_X_421" class="fnanchor">[X]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The name of his only Daughter dear,              <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As on<a name="FNanchor_40_231" id="FNanchor_40_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_231" class="fnanchor">[40]</a> the banner which stood near<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He glanced a look of holy pride,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And his moist<a name="FNanchor_41_232" id="FNanchor_41_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_232" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> eyes were glorified;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then did he seize the staff, and say:<a name="FNanchor_42_233" id="FNanchor_42_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_233" class="fnanchor">[42]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Thou, Richard, bear'st thy father's name,        <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span><span class="i0">Keep thou this ensign till the day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When I of thee require the same:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy place be on my better hand;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And seven as true as thou, I see,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will cleave to this good cause and me."          <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He spake, and eight brave sons straightway<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All followed him, a gallant band!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Thus, with his sons, when forth he came<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sight was hailed with loud acclaim<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And din of arms and minstrelsy,<a name="FNanchor_43_234" id="FNanchor_43_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_234" class="fnanchor">[43]</a>              <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From all his warlike tenantry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All horsed and harnessed with him to ride,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A voice<a name="FNanchor_44_235" id="FNanchor_44_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_235" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> to which the hills replied!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">But Francis, in the vacant hall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood silent under dreary weight,&mdash;          <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A phantasm, in which roof and wall<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shook, tottered, swam before his sight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A phantasm like a dream of night!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus overwhelmed, and desolate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He found his way to a postern-gate;            <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, when he waked, his languid eye<a name="FNanchor_45_236" id="FNanchor_45_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_236" class="fnanchor">[45]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was on the calm and silent sky;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With air about him breathing sweet,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And earth's green grass beneath his feet;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor did he fail ere long to hear              <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A sound of military cheer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Faint&mdash;but it reached that sheltered spot;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He heard, and it disturbed him not.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span><span class="i1">There stood he, leaning on a lance<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he had grasped unknowingly,            <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had blindly grasped in that strong trance,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That dimness of heart-agony;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There stood he, cleansed from the despair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sorrow of his fruitless prayer.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The past he calmly hath reviewed:            <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But where will be the fortitude<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of this brave man, when he shall see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Form beneath the spreading tree,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And know that it is Emily?<a name="FNanchor_46_237" id="FNanchor_46_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_237" class="fnanchor">[46]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">He saw her where in open view            <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She sate beneath the spreading yew&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her head upon her lap, concealing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In solitude her bitter feeling:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_47_238" id="FNanchor_47_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_238" class="fnanchor">[47]</a>"Might ever son <i>command</i> a sire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The act were justified to-day."              <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This to himself&mdash;and to the Maid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom now he had approached, he said&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Gone are they,&mdash;they have their desire;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And I with thee one hour will stay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To give thee comfort if I may."              <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">She heard, but looked not up, nor spake;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sorrow moved him to partake<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her silence; then his thoughts turned round,<a name="FNanchor_48_239" id="FNanchor_48_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_239" class="fnanchor">[48]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fervent words a passage found.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span><span class="i1">"Gone are they, bravely, though misled;      <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With a dear Father at their head!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Sons obey a natural lord;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Father had given solemn word<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To noble Percy; and a force<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still stronger, bends him to his course.        <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This said, our tears to-day may fall<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As at an innocent funeral.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In deep and awful channel runs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This sympathy of Sire and Sons;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Untried our Brothers have been loved<a name="FNanchor_49_240" id="FNanchor_49_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_240" class="fnanchor">[49]</a>        <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With heart by simple nature moved;<a name="FNanchor_50_241" id="FNanchor_50_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_241" class="fnanchor">[50]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now their faithfulness is proved:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For faithful we must call them, bearing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That soul of conscientious daring.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;There were they all in circle&mdash;there          <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood Richard, Ambrose, Christopher,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">John with a sword that will not fail,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Marmaduke in fearless mail,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And those bright Twins were side by side;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And there, by fresh hopes beautified,          <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood He,<a name="FNanchor_51_242" id="FNanchor_51_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_242" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> whose arm yet lacks the power<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of man, our youngest, fairest flower!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I, by the right<a name="FNanchor_52_243" id="FNanchor_52_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_243" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> of eldest born,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in a second father's place,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Presumed to grapple with<a name="FNanchor_53_244" id="FNanchor_53_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_244" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> their scorn,        <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And meet their pity face to face;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea, trusting in God's holy aid,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">I to my Father knelt and prayed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And one, the pensive Marmaduke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Methought, was yielding inwardly,         <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And would have laid his purpose by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But for a glance of his Father's eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which I myself could scarcely brook.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Then be we, each and all, forgiven!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou, chiefly thou,<a name="FNanchor_54_245" id="FNanchor_54_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_245" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> my Sister dear,    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose pangs are registered in heaven&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The stifled sigh, the hidden tear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And smiles, that dared to take their place,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Meek filial smiles, upon thy face,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As that unhallowed Banner grew           <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath a loving old Man's view.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy part is done&mdash;thy painful part;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be thou then satisfied in heart!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A further, though far easier, task<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than thine hath been, my duties ask;     <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With theirs my efforts cannot blend,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I cannot for such cause contend;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their aims I utterly forswear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But I in body will be there.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unarmed and naked will I go,             <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be at their side, come weal or woe:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On kind occasions I may wait,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">See, hear, obstruct, or mitigate.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bare breast I take and an empty hand."&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_Y_422" id="FNanchor_Y_422"></a><a href="#Footnote_Y_422" class="fnanchor">[Y]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Therewith he threw away the lance,         <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he had grasped in that strong trance;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Spurned it, like something that would stand</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Between him and the pure intent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of love on which his soul was bent.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"For thee, for thee, is left the sense      <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of trial past without offence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To God or man; such innocence,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such consolation, and the excess<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of an unmerited distress;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In that thy very strength must lie.       <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;O Sister, I could prophesy!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The time is come that rings the knell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of all we loved, and loved so well:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hope nothing, if I thus may speak<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To thee, a woman, and thence weak:      <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hope nothing, I repeat; for we<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are doomed to perish utterly:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis meet that thou with me divide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The thought while I am by thy side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Acknowledging a grace in this,        <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A comfort in the dark abyss.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But look not for me when I am gone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And be no farther wrought upon:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Farewell all wishes, all debate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All prayers for this cause, or for that!     <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Weep, if that aid thee; but depend<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon no help of outward friend;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Espouse thy doom at once, and cleave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To fortitude without reprieve.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For we must fall, both we and ours&mdash;        <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our fate is theirs, will reach them all;<a name="FNanchor_Z_423" id="FNanchor_Z_423"></a><a href="#Footnote_Z_423" class="fnanchor">[Z]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The young horse must forsake his manger,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And learn to glory in a Stranger;           <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span><span class="i0">The hawk forget his perch; the hound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be parted from his ancient ground:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The blast will sweep us all away&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One desolation, one decay!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And even this Creature!" which words saying,    <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He pointed to a lovely Doe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A few steps distant, feeding, straying;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair creature, and more white than snow!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Even she will to her peaceful woods<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Return, and to her murmuring floods,     <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And be in heart and soul the same<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She was before she hither came;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere she had learned to love us all,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Herself beloved in Rylstone-hall.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But thou, my Sister, doomed to be    <span class="linenum">230</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The last leaf on a blasted tree;<a name="FNanchor_55_246" id="FNanchor_55_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_246" class="fnanchor">[55]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If not in vain we breathed<a name="FNanchor_56_247" id="FNanchor_56_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_247" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> the breath<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Together of a purer faith;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If hand in hand we have been led,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thou, (O happy thought this day!)    <span class="linenum">235</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not seldom foremost in the way;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If on one thought our minds have fed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And we have in one meaning read;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If, when at home our private weal<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath suffered from the shock of zeal,    <span class="linenum">240</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Together we have learned to prize<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forbearance and self-sacrifice;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If we like combatants have fared,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And for this issue been prepared;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If thou art beautiful, and youth    <span class="linenum">245</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thought endue thee with all truth&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be strong;&mdash;be worthy of the grace</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of God, and fill thy destined place:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Soul, by force of sorrows high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Uplifted to the purest sky             <span class="linenum">250</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of undisturbed humanity!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">He ended,&mdash;or she heard no more;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He led her from the yew-tree shade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And at the mansion's silent door,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He kissed the consecrated Maid;            <span class="linenum">255</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And down the valley then pursued,<a name="FNanchor_57_248" id="FNanchor_57_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_248" class="fnanchor">[57]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alone, the armèd Multitude.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO THIRD</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now joy for you who from the towers<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Brancepeth look in doubt and fear,<a name="FNanchor_AA_424" id="FNanchor_AA_424"></a><a href="#Footnote_AA_424" class="fnanchor">[AA]</a><a name="FNanchor_58_249" id="FNanchor_58_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_249" class="fnanchor">[58]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Telling melancholy hours!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Proclaim it, let your Masters hear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Norton with his band is near!        <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The watchmen from their station high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pronounced the word,&mdash;and the Earls descry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Well-pleased, the armèd Company<a name="FNanchor_59_250" id="FNanchor_59_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_250" class="fnanchor">[59]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Marching down the banks of Were.</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span><span class="i1">Said fearless Norton to the pair           <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gone forth to greet<a name="FNanchor_60_251" id="FNanchor_60_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_251" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> him on the plain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"This meeting, noble Lords! looks fair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I bring with me a goodly train;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their hearts are with you: hill and dale<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have helped us: Ure we crossed, and Swale,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And horse and harness followed&mdash;see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The best part of their Yeomanry!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Stand forth, my Sons!&mdash;these eight are mine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom to this service I commend;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which way soe'er our fate incline,           <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These will be faithful to the end;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They are my all"&mdash;voice failed him here&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"My all save one, a Daughter dear!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom I have left, Love's mildest birth,<a name="FNanchor_61_252" id="FNanchor_61_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_252" class="fnanchor">[61]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The meekest Child on this blessed earth.     <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I had&mdash;but these are by my side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These Eight, and this is a day of pride!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The time is ripe. With festive din<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lo! how the people are flocking in,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like hungry fowl to the feeder's hand        <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When snow lies heavy upon the land."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">He spake bare truth; for far and near<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From every side came noisy swarms<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Peasants in their homely gear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, mixed with these, to Brancepeth came      <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Grave Gentry of estate and name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Captains known for worth in arms;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And prayed the Earls in self-defence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To rise, and prove their innocence.&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Rise, noble Earls, put forth your might       <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For holy Church, and the People's right!"</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span><span class="i1">The Norton fixed, at this demand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His eye upon Northumberland,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And said; "The Minds of Men will own<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No loyal rest while England's Crown             <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Remains without an Heir, the bait<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of strife and factions desperate;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, paying deadly hate in kind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through all things else, in this can find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A mutual hope, a common mind;                   <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And plot, and pant to overwhelm<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All ancient honour in the realm.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Brave Earls! to whose heroic veins<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our noblest blood is given in trust,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To you a suffering State complains,              <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ye must raise her from the dust.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With wishes of still bolder scope<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On you we look, with dearest hope;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even for our Altars&mdash;for the prize<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Heaven, of life that never dies;              <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the old and holy Church we mourn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And must in joy to her return.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Behold!"&mdash;and from his Son whose stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was on his right, from that guardian hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He took the Banner, and unfurled                 <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The precious folds&mdash;"behold," said he,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"The ransom of a sinful world;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let this your preservation be;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wounds of hands and feet and side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the sacred Cross on which Jesus died!        <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;This bring I from an ancient hearth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These Records wrought in pledge of love<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By hands of no ignoble birth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Maid o'er whom the blessed Dove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vouchsafed in gentleness to brood                <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While she the holy work pursued."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Uplift the Standard!" was the cry<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From all the listeners that stood round,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Plant it,&mdash;by this we live or die."</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">The Norton ceased not for that sound,           <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But said; "The prayer which ye have heard,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Much injured Earls! by these preferred,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is offered to the Saints, the sigh<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of tens of thousands, secretly."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Uplift it!" cried once more the Band,          <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And then a thoughtful pause ensued:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Uplift it!" said Northumberland&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whereat, from all the multitude<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who saw the Banner reared on high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In all its dread emblazonry,                    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_62_253" id="FNanchor_62_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_253" class="fnanchor">[62]</a>A voice of uttermost joy brake out:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The transport was rolled down the river of Were,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Durham, the time-honoured Durham, did hear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the towers of Saint Cuthbert were stirred by the shout!<a name="FNanchor_BB_425" id="FNanchor_BB_425"></a><a href="#Footnote_BB_425" class="fnanchor">[BB]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Now was the North in arms:&mdash;they shine          <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In warlike trim from Tweed to Tyne,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At Percy's voice: and Neville sees<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His Followers gathering in from Tees,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Were, and all the little rills<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Concealed among the forkèd hills&mdash;               <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seven hundred Knights, Retainers all<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Neville, at their Master's call<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had sate together in Raby Hall!<a name="FNanchor_CC_426" id="FNanchor_CC_426"></a><a href="#Footnote_CC_426" class="fnanchor">[CC]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such strength that Earldom held of yore;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor wanted at this time rich store               <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of well-appointed chivalry.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Not both the sleepy lance to wield,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And greet the old paternal shield,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">They heard the summons;&mdash;and, furthermore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Horsemen and Foot of each degree,<a name="FNanchor_63_254" id="FNanchor_63_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_254" class="fnanchor">[63]</a>    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unbound by pledge of fealty,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Appeared, with free and open hate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of novelties in Church and State;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">night, burgher, yeoman, and esquire;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Romish priest,<a name="FNanchor_64_255" id="FNanchor_64_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_255" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> in priest's attire.    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus, in arms, a zealous Band<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Proceeding under joint command,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Durham first their course they bear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in Saint Cuthbert's ancient seat<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sang mass,&mdash;and tore the book of prayer,&mdash;    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And trod the bible beneath their feet.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Thence marching southward smooth and free<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"They mustered their host at Wetherby,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Full sixteen thousand fair to see;"<a name="FNanchor_DD_427" id="FNanchor_DD_427"></a><a href="#Footnote_DD_427" class="fnanchor">[DD]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Choicest Warriors of the North!          <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But none for beauty and for worth<a name="FNanchor_65_256" id="FNanchor_65_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_256" class="fnanchor">[65]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like those eight Sons&mdash;who, in a ring,<a name="FNanchor_66_257" id="FNanchor_66_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_257" class="fnanchor">[66]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Ripe men, or blooming in life's spring)<a name="FNanchor_67_258" id="FNanchor_67_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_258" class="fnanchor">[67]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each with a lance, erect and tall,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">A falchion, and a buckler small,              <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood by their Sire, on Clifford-moor,<a name="FNanchor_EE_428" id="FNanchor_EE_428"></a><a href="#Footnote_EE_428" class="fnanchor">[EE]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_68_259" id="FNanchor_68_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_259" class="fnanchor">[68]</a>To guard the Standard which he bore.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On foot they girt their Father round;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so will keep the appointed ground<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where'er their march: no steed will he<a name="FNanchor_69_260" id="FNanchor_69_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_260" class="fnanchor">[69]</a>    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Henceforth bestride;&mdash;triumphantly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He stands upon the grassy sod,<a name="FNanchor_70_261" id="FNanchor_70_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_261" class="fnanchor">[70]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Trusting himself to the earth, and God.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rare sight to embolden and inspire!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Proud was the field of Sons and Sire;    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of him the most; and, sooth to say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No shape of man in all the array<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So graced the sunshine of that day.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The monumental pomp of age<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was with this goodly Personage;    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A stature undepressed in size,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unbent, which rather seemed to rise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In open victory o'er the weight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of seventy years, to loftier<a name="FNanchor_71_262" id="FNanchor_71_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_262" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> height;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Magnific limbs of withered state;    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A face to fear and venerate;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Eyes dark and strong; and on his head</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Bright<a name="FNanchor_72_263" id="FNanchor_72_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_263" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> locks of silver hair, thick spread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which a brown morion half-concealed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Light as a hunter's of the field;    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus, with girdle round his waist,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whereon the Banner-staff might rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At need, he stood, advancing high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The glittering, floating Pageantry.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Who sees him?&mdash;thousands see,<a name="FNanchor_73_264" id="FNanchor_73_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_264" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> and One    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With unparticipated gaze;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, 'mong those<a name="FNanchor_74_265" id="FNanchor_74_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_265" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> thousands, friend hath none,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And treads in solitary ways.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He, following wheresoe'er he might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath watched the Banner from afar,    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As shepherds watch a lonely star,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or mariners the distant light<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That guides them through<a name="FNanchor_75_266" id="FNanchor_75_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_266" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> a stormy night.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now, upon a chosen plot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of rising ground, yon heathy spot!    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He takes alone<a name="FNanchor_76_267" id="FNanchor_76_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_267" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> his far-off stand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With breast unmailed, unweaponed hand.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bold is his aspect; but his eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is pregnant with anxiety,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While, like a tutelary Power,    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He there stands fixed from hour to hour:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet sometimes in more humble guise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the turf-clad height he lies</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Stretched, herdsman-like, as if to bask<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In sunshine were his only task,<a name="FNanchor_77_268" id="FNanchor_77_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_268" class="fnanchor">[77]</a>    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or by his mantle's help to find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A shelter from the nipping wind:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus, with short oblivion blest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His weary spirits gather rest.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Again he lifts his eyes; and lo!    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pageant glancing to and fro;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hope is wakened by the sight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He<a name="FNanchor_78_269" id="FNanchor_78_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_269" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> thence may learn, ere fall of night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which way the tide is doomed to flow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">To London were the Chieftains bent;    <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But what avails the bold intent?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Royal army is gone forth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To quell the <span class="smcap">Rising of the North</span>;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They march with Dudley at their head,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in seven days' space, will to York be led!&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can such a mighty Host be raised    <span class="linenum">196</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus suddenly, and brought so near?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Earls upon each other gazed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Neville's cheek grew pale with fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For, with a high and valiant name,    <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He bore a heart of timid frame;<a name="FNanchor_79_270" id="FNanchor_79_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_270" class="fnanchor">[79]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bold if both had been, yet they<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Against so many may not stay."<a name="FNanchor_FF_429" id="FNanchor_FF_429"></a><a href="#Footnote_FF_429" class="fnanchor">[FF]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Back therefore will they hie to seize<a name="FNanchor_80_271" id="FNanchor_80_271"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_271" class="fnanchor">[80]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A strong Hold on the banks of Tees;    <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There wait a favourable hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Until Lord Dacre with his power<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Naworth come;<a name="FNanchor_81_272" id="FNanchor_81_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_272" class="fnanchor">[81]</a><a name="FNanchor_GG_430" id="FNanchor_GG_430"></a><a href="#Footnote_GG_430" class="fnanchor">[GG]</a> and Howard's aid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be with them openly displayed.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">While through the Host, from man to man,    <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A rumour of this purpose ran,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Standard trusting<a name="FNanchor_82_273" id="FNanchor_82_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_273" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> to the care<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of him who heretofore did bear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That charge, impatient Norton sought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Chieftains to unfold his thought,    <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus abruptly spake;&mdash;"We yield<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(And can it be?) an unfought field!&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How oft has strength, the strength of heaven,<a name="FNanchor_83_274" id="FNanchor_83_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_274" class="fnanchor">[83]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To few triumphantly been given!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still do our very children boast    <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of mitred Thurston&mdash;what a Host<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He conquered!<a name="FNanchor_HH_431" id="FNanchor_HH_431"></a><a href="#Footnote_HH_431" class="fnanchor">[HH]</a>&mdash;Saw we not the Plain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(And flying shall behold again)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where faith was proved?&mdash;while to battle moved<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Standard, on the Sacred Wain    <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That bore it, compassed round by a bold<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fraternity of Barons old;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And with those grey-haired champions stood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Under the saintly ensigns three,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The infant Heir of Mowbray's blood&mdash;    <span class="linenum">230</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All confident of victory!&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_84_275" id="FNanchor_84_275"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_275" class="fnanchor">[84]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall Percy blush, then, for his name?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must Westmoreland be asked with shame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose were the numbers, where the loss,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In that other day of Neville's Cross?<a name="FNanchor_II_432" id="FNanchor_II_432"></a><a href="#Footnote_II_432" class="fnanchor">[II]</a>    <span class="linenum">235</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span><span class="i0">When the Prior of Durham with holy hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Raised, as the Vision gave command,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Saint Cuthbert's Relic&mdash;far and near<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Kenned on the point of a lofty spear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower    <span class="linenum">240</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To God descending in his power.<a name="FNanchor_85_276" id="FNanchor_85_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_276" class="fnanchor">[85]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Less would not at our need be due<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To us, who war against the Untrue;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The delegates of Heaven we rise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Convoked the impious to chastise:    <span class="linenum">245</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We, we, the sanctities of old<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would re-establish and uphold:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be warned"&mdash;His zeal the Chiefs confounded,<a name="FNanchor_86_277" id="FNanchor_86_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_277" class="fnanchor">[86]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But word was given, and the trumpet sounded:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Back through the melancholy Host    <span class="linenum">250</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Went Norton, and resumed his post.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! thought he, and have I borne</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">This Banner raised with joyful pride,<a name="FNanchor_87_278" id="FNanchor_87_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_278" class="fnanchor">[87]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This hope of all posterity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By those dread symbols sanctified;<a name="FNanchor_88_279" id="FNanchor_88_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_279" class="fnanchor">[88]</a>    <span class="linenum">255</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus to become at once the scorn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of babbling winds as they go by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A spot of shame to the sun's bright eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the light<a name="FNanchor_89_280" id="FNanchor_89_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_280" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> clouds a mockery!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;"Even these poor eight of mine would stem"&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Half to himself, and half to them    <span class="linenum">261</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He spake&mdash;"would stem, or quell, a force<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ten times their number, man and horse;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This by their own unaided might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without their father in their sight,    <span class="linenum">265</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without the Cause for which they fight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Cause, which on a needful day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would breed us thousands brave as they."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;So speaking, he his reverend head<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Raised towards that Imagery once more:<a name="FNanchor_90_281" id="FNanchor_90_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_281" class="fnanchor">[90]</a>    <span class="linenum">270</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the familiar prospect shed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Despondency unfelt before:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A shock of intimations vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dismay,<a name="FNanchor_91_282" id="FNanchor_91_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_282" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> and superstitious pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fell on him, with the sudden thought    <span class="linenum">275</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of her by whom the work was wrought:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh wherefore was her countenance bright<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With love divine and gentle light?</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">She would not, could not, disobey,<a name="FNanchor_92_283" id="FNanchor_92_283"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_283" class="fnanchor">[92]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But her Faith leaned another way.    <span class="linenum">280</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ill tears she wept; I saw them fall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I overheard her as she spake<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sad words to that mute Animal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The White Doe, in the hawthorn brake;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She steeped, but not for Jesu's sake,    <span class="linenum">285</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Cross in tears: by her, and One<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unworthier far we are undone&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her recreant Brother&mdash;he prevailed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Over that tender Spirit&mdash;assailed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too oft alas! by her whose head<a name="FNanchor_93_284" id="FNanchor_93_284"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_284" class="fnanchor">[93]</a>    <span class="linenum">290</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the cold grave hath long been laid:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She first, in reason's dawn beguiled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her docile, unsuspecting Child:<a name="FNanchor_94_285" id="FNanchor_94_285"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_285" class="fnanchor">[94]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far back&mdash;far back my mind must go<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To reach the well-spring of this woe!    <span class="linenum">295</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">While thus he brooded, music sweet<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of border tunes was played to cheer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The footsteps of a quick retreat;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But Norton lingered in the rear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stung with sharp thoughts; and ere the last    <span class="linenum">300</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From his distracted brain was cast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Before his Father, Francis stood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And spake in firm and earnest mood.<a name="FNanchor_95_286" id="FNanchor_95_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_286" class="fnanchor">[95]</a></span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span><span class="i1">"Though here I bend a suppliant knee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In reverence, and unarmed, I bear    <span class="linenum">305</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In your indignant thoughts my share;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Am grieved this backward march to see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So careless and disorderly.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I scorn your Chiefs&mdash;men who would lead,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And yet want courage at their need:    <span class="linenum">310</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then look at them with open eyes!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Deserve they further sacrifice?&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If&mdash;when they shrink, nor dare oppose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In open field their gathering foes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(And fast, from this decisive day,    <span class="linenum">315</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yon multitude must melt away;)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If now I ask a grace not claimed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While ground was left for hope; unblamed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be an endeavour that can do<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No injury to them or you.<a name="FNanchor_96_287" id="FNanchor_96_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_287" class="fnanchor">[96]</a>    <span class="linenum">320</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span><span class="i0">My Father! I would help to find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A place of shelter, till the rage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of cruel men do like the wind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Exhaust itself and sink to rest;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be Brother now to Brother joined!    <span class="linenum">325</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Admit me in the equipage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of your misfortunes, that at least,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whatever fate remain<a name="FNanchor_97_288" id="FNanchor_97_288"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_288" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> behind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I may bear witness in my breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To your nobility of mind!"    <span class="linenum">330</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Thou Enemy, my bane and blight!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh! bold to fight the Coward's fight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Against all good"&mdash;but why declare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At length, the issue of a prayer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which love had prompted, yielding scope    <span class="linenum">335</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too free to one bright moment's hope?<a name="FNanchor_98_289" id="FNanchor_98_289"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_289" class="fnanchor">[98]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Suffice it that the Son, who strove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With fruitless effort to allay<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That passion, prudently gave way;<a name="FNanchor_99_290" id="FNanchor_99_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_290" class="fnanchor">[99]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor did he turn aside to prove    <span class="linenum">340</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His Brothers' wisdom or their love&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But calmly from the spot withdrew;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His best endeavours<a name="FNanchor_100_291" id="FNanchor_100_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_291" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> to renew,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should e'er a kindlier time ensue.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p>
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO FOURTH</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'Tis night: in silence looking down,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Moon, from cloudless ether, sees<a name="FNanchor_101_292" id="FNanchor_101_292"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_292" class="fnanchor">[101]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Camp, and a beleaguered Town,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Castle like a stately crown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the steep rocks of winding Tees;&mdash;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And southward far, with moor between,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hill-top, and flood, and forest green,<a name="FNanchor_102_293" id="FNanchor_102_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_293" class="fnanchor">[102]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bright Moon sees that valley small<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Rylstone's old sequestered Hall<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A venerable image yields    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of quiet to the neighbouring fields;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While from one pillared chimney breathes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The smoke, and mounts in silver wreaths.<a name="FNanchor_103_294" id="FNanchor_103_294"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_294" class="fnanchor">[103]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;The courts are hushed;&mdash;for timely sleep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The grey-hounds to their kennel creep;    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The peacock in the broad ash tree<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Aloft is roosted for the night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He who in proud prosperity<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of colours manifold and bright<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Walked round, affronting the daylight;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And higher still, above the bower<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where he is perched, from yon lone Tower<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The hall-clock in the clear moonshine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With glittering finger points at nine.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Ah! who could think that sadness here    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span><span class="i0">Hath<a name="FNanchor_104_295" id="FNanchor_104_295"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_295" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> any sway? or pain, or fear?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A soft and lulling sound is heard<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of streams inaudible by day;<a name="FNanchor_JJ_433" id="FNanchor_JJ_433"></a><a href="#Footnote_JJ_433" class="fnanchor">[JJ]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The garden pool's dark surface, stirred<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By the night insects in their play,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Breaks into dimples small and bright;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A thousand, thousand rings of light<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That shape themselves and disappear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Almost as soon as seen:&mdash;and lo!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not distant far, the milk-white Doe&mdash;    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The same who quietly was feeding<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the green herb, and nothing heeding,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When Francis, uttering to the Maid<a name="FNanchor_105_296" id="FNanchor_105_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_296" class="fnanchor">[105]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His last words in the yew-tree shade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Involved whate'er by love was brought    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Out of his heart, or crossed his thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or chance presented to his eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In one sad sweep of destiny&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_106_297" id="FNanchor_106_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_297" class="fnanchor">[106]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">The same fair Creature, who hath found<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her way into forbidden ground;    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where now&mdash;within this spacious plot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For pleasure made, a goodly spot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With lawns and beds of flowers, and shades<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of trellis-work in long arcades,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And cirque and crescent framed by wall    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of close-clipt foliage green and tall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Converging walks, and fountains gay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And terraces in trim array&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath yon cypress spiring high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With pine and cedar spreading wide    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their darksome boughs on either side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In open moonlight doth she lie;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Happy as others of her kind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That, far from human neighbourhood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Range unrestricted as the wind,    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through park, or chase, or savage wood.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">But see the consecrated Maid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Emerging from a cedar shade<a name="FNanchor_107_298" id="FNanchor_107_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_298" class="fnanchor">[107]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To open moonshine, where the Doe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath the cypress-spire is laid;    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a patch of April snow&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon a bed of herbage green,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lingering in a woody glade<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or behind a rocky screen&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lonely relic! which, if seen    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By the shepherd, is passed by<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With an inattentive eye.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor more regard doth She bestow</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Upon the uncomplaining Doe<a name="FNanchor_108_299" id="FNanchor_108_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_299" class="fnanchor">[108]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now couched at ease, though oft this day    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not unperplexed nor free from pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When she had tried, and tried in vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Approaching in her gentle way,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To win some look of love, or gain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Encouragement to sport or play;    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attempts which still the heart-sick Maid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rejected, or with slight repaid.<a name="FNanchor_109_300" id="FNanchor_109_300"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_300" class="fnanchor">[109]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Yet Emily is soothed;&mdash;the breeze<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Came fraught with kindly sympathies.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As she approached yon rustic Shed<a name="FNanchor_110_301" id="FNanchor_110_301"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_301" class="fnanchor">[110]</a>    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hung with late-flowering woodbine, spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Along the walls and overhead,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The fragrance of the breathing flowers</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Revived<a name="FNanchor_111_302" id="FNanchor_111_302"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_302" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> a memory of those hours<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When here, in this remote alcove,    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(While from the pendent woodbine came<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like odours, sweet as if the same)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A fondly-anxious Mother strove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To teach her salutary fears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And mysteries above her years.    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yes, she is soothed: an Image faint,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And yet not faint&mdash;a presence bright<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Returns to her&mdash;that blessèd Saint<a name="FNanchor_112_303" id="FNanchor_112_303"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_303" class="fnanchor">[112]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who with mild looks and language mild<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Instructed here her darling Child,    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While yet a prattler on the knee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To worship in simplicity<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The invisible God, and take for guide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The faith reformed and purified.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">'Tis flown&mdash;the Vision, and the sense    <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of that beguiling influence;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"But oh! thou Angel from above,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mute Spirit<a name="FNanchor_113_304" id="FNanchor_113_304"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_304" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> of maternal love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That stood'st before my eyes, more clear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than ghosts are fabled to appear    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sent upon embassies of fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As thou thy presence hast to me<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vouchsafed, in radiant ministry<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Descend on Francis; nor forbear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To greet him with a voice, and say;&mdash;    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'If hope be a rejected stay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do thou, my Christian Son, beware</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of that most lamentable snare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The self-reliance of despair!'"<a name="FNanchor_114_305" id="FNanchor_114_305"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_305" class="fnanchor">[114]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Then from within the embowered retreat    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where she had found a grateful seat<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perturbed she issues. She will go!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Herself will follow to the war,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And clasp her Father's knees;&mdash;ah, no!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She meets the insuperable bar,    <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The injunction by her Brother laid;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His parting charge&mdash;but ill obeyed&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That interdicted all debate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All prayer for this cause or for that;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All efforts that would turn aside    <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The headstrong current of their fate:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Her duty is to stand and wait</i>;<a name="FNanchor_115_306" id="FNanchor_115_306"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_306" class="fnanchor">[115]</a><a name="FNanchor_KK_434" id="FNanchor_KK_434"></a><a href="#Footnote_KK_434" class="fnanchor">[KK]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In resignation to abide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The shock, <span class="smcap">and finally secure<br /></span></span>
+<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">O'er pain and grief a triumph pure</span>.<a href="#Footnote_115_306" class="fnanchor">[115]</a>    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;She feels it, and her pangs are checked.<a name="FNanchor_116_307" id="FNanchor_116_307"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_307" class="fnanchor">[116]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But now, as silently she paced<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The turf, and thought by thought was chased,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Came One who, with sedate respect,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Approached, and, greeting her, thus spake;<a name="FNanchor_117_308" id="FNanchor_117_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_308" class="fnanchor">[117]</a>    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span><span class="i0">"An old man's privilege I take:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dark is the time&mdash;a woeful day!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dear daughter of affliction, say<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How can I serve you? point the way."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Rights have you, and may well be bold:    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You with my Father have grown old<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In friendship&mdash;strive&mdash;for his sake go&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turn from us all the coming woe:<a name="FNanchor_118_309" id="FNanchor_118_309"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_309" class="fnanchor">[118]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This would I beg; but on my mind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A passive stillness is enjoined.    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On you, if room for mortal aid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be left, is no restriction laid;<a name="FNanchor_119_310" id="FNanchor_119_310"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_310" class="fnanchor">[119]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You not forbidden to recline<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With hope upon the Will divine."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Hope," said the old Man, "must abide    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With all of us, whate'er betide.<a name="FNanchor_120_311" id="FNanchor_120_311"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_311" class="fnanchor">[120]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Craven's Wilds is many a den,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To shelter persecuted men:<a name="FNanchor_LL_435" id="FNanchor_LL_435"></a><a href="#Footnote_LL_435" class="fnanchor">[LL]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far under ground is many a cave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where they might lie as in the grave,    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span><span class="i0">Until this storm hath ceased to rave:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or let them cross the River Tweed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And be at once from peril freed!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Ah tempt me not!" she faintly sighed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"I will not counsel nor exhort,    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With my condition satisfied;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But you, at least, may make report<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of what befals;&mdash;be this your task&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This may be done;&mdash;'tis all I ask!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">She spake&mdash;and from the Lady's sight    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Sire, unconscious of his age,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Departed promptly as a Page<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bound on some errand of delight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;The noble Francis&mdash;wise as brave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thought he, may want not skill<a name="FNanchor_121_312" id="FNanchor_121_312"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_312" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> to save.    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With hopes in tenderness concealed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unarmed he followed to the field;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Him will I seek: the insurgent Powers<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are now besieging Barnard's Towers,&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_MM_436" id="FNanchor_MM_436"></a><a href="#Footnote_MM_436" class="fnanchor">[MM]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Grant that the Moon which shines this night    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May guide them in a prudent flight!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">But quick the turns of chance and change,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And knowledge has a narrow range;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whence idle fears, and needless pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wishes blind, and efforts vain.&mdash;    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Moon may shine, but cannot be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their guide in flight&mdash;already she<a name="FNanchor_122_313" id="FNanchor_122_313"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_313" class="fnanchor">[122]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath witnessed their captivity.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">She saw the desperate assault<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon that hostile castle made;&mdash;    <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But dark and dismal is the vault<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Norton and his sons are laid!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disastrous issue!&mdash;he had said<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"This night yon faithless<a name="FNanchor_123_314" id="FNanchor_123_314"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_314" class="fnanchor">[123]</a> Towers must yield,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or we for ever quit the field.    <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Neville is utterly dismayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For promise fails of Howard's aid;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Dacre to our call replies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That <i>he</i><a name="FNanchor_124_315" id="FNanchor_124_315"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_315" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> is unprepared to rise.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My heart is sick;&mdash;this weary pause    <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must needs be fatal to our cause.<a name="FNanchor_125_316" id="FNanchor_125_316"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_316" class="fnanchor">[125]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The breach is open&mdash;on the wall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This night,&mdash;the Banner shall be planted!"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;'Twas done: his Sons were with him&mdash;all;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They belt him round with hearts undaunted    <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And others follow;&mdash;Sire and Son<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Leap down into the court;&mdash;"'Tis won"&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They shout aloud&mdash;but Heaven decreed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That with their joyful shout should close<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The triumph of a desperate deed<a name="FNanchor_126_317" id="FNanchor_126_317"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_317" class="fnanchor">[126]</a>    <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which struck with terror friends and foes!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The friend shrinks back&mdash;the foe recoils<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Norton and his filial band;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But they, now caught within the toils,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Against a thousand cannot stand;&mdash;    <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The foe from numbers courage drew,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And overpowered that gallant few.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"A rescue for the Standard!" cried<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Father from within the walls;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, see, the sacred Standard falls!&mdash;    <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Confusion through the Camp spread<a name="FNanchor_127_318" id="FNanchor_127_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_318" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> wide:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some fled; and some their fears detained:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But ere the Moon had sunk to rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In her pale chambers of the west,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of that rash levy nought remained.    <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO FIFTH</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">High on a point of rugged ground<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Above the loftiest ridge or mound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where foresters or shepherds dwell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An edifice of warlike frame    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stands single&mdash;Norton Tower its name&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_NN_437" id="FNanchor_NN_437"></a><a href="#Footnote_NN_437" class="fnanchor">[NN]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It fronts all quarters, and looks round<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er path and road, and plain and dell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon a prospect without bound.    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span><span class="i1">The summit of this bold ascent&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though bleak and bare, and seldom free<a name="FNanchor_128_319" id="FNanchor_128_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_319" class="fnanchor">[128]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As Pendle-hill or Pennygent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From wind, or frost, or vapours wet&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had often heard the sound of glee    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When there the youthful Nortons met,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To practice games and archery:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How proud and happy they! the crowd<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Lookers-on how pleased and proud!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And from the scorching noon-tide sun,<a name="FNanchor_129_320" id="FNanchor_129_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_320" class="fnanchor">[129]</a>    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From showers, or when the prize was won,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They to the Tower withdrew, and there<a name="FNanchor_130_321" id="FNanchor_130_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_321" class="fnanchor">[130]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would mirth run round, with generous fare;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the stern old Lord of Rylstone-hall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was happiest, proudest,<a name="FNanchor_131_322" id="FNanchor_131_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_322" class="fnanchor">[131]</a> of them all!    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">But now, his Child, with anguish pale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the height walks to and fro;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis well that she hath heard the tale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Received the bitterness of woe:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_132_323" id="FNanchor_132_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_323" class="fnanchor">[132]</a>For she <i>had</i><a name="FNanchor_133_324" id="FNanchor_133_324"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_324" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> hoped, had hoped and feared,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span><span class="i0">Such rights did feeble nature claim;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oft her steps had hither steered,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though not unconscious of self-blame;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For she her brother's charge revered,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His farewell words; and by the same,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea by her brother's very name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had, in her solitude, been cheered.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Beside the lonely watch-tower stood<a name="FNanchor_134_325" id="FNanchor_134_325"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_325" class="fnanchor">[134]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That grey-haired Man of gentle blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who with her Father had grown old    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In friendship; rival hunters they,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fellow warriors in their day:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Rylstone he the tidings brought;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then on this height the Maid had sought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, gently as he could, had told    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The end of that dire Tragedy,<a name="FNanchor_135_326" id="FNanchor_135_326"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_326" class="fnanchor">[135]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which it had been his lot to see.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">To him the Lady turned; "You said<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Francis lives, <i>he</i> is not dead?"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Your noble brother hath been spared;    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To take his life they have not dared;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On him and on his high endeavour<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The light of praise shall shine for ever!</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Nor did he (such Heaven's will) in vain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His solitary course maintain;    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not vainly struggled in the might<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of duty, seeing with clear sight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He was their comfort to the last,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their joy till every pang was past.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"I witnessed when to York they came&mdash;    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What, Lady, if their feet were tied;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They might deserve a good Man's blame;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But marks of infamy and shame&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These were their triumph, these their pride;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor wanted 'mid the pressing crowd    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Deep feeling, that found utterance loud,<a name="FNanchor_136_327" id="FNanchor_136_327"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_327" class="fnanchor">[136]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Lo, Francis comes,' there were who cried,<a name="FNanchor_137_328" id="FNanchor_137_328"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_328" class="fnanchor">[137]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'A Prisoner once, but now set free!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis well, for he the worst defied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through force of<a name="FNanchor_138_329" id="FNanchor_138_329"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_329" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> natural piety;    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He rose not in this quarrel, he,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For concord's sake and England's good,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Suit to his Brothers often made<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With tears, and of his Father prayed&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when he had in vain withstood    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their purpose&mdash;then did he divide,<a name="FNanchor_139_330" id="FNanchor_139_330"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_330" class="fnanchor">[139]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He parted from them; but at their side<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now walks in unanimity.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then peace to cruelty and scorn,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">While to the prison they are borne,    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Peace, peace to all indignity!'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"And so in Prison were they laid&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh hear me, hear me, gentle Maid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For I am come with power to bless,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By scattering gleams,<a name="FNanchor_140_331" id="FNanchor_140_331"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_331" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> through your distress,    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of a redeeming happiness.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Me did a reverent pity move<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And privilege of ancient love;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in your service, making bold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Entrance I gained to that strong-hold.<a name="FNanchor_141_332" id="FNanchor_141_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_332" class="fnanchor">[141]</a>    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Your Father gave me cordial greeting;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But to his purposes, that burned<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within him, instantly returned:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He was commanding and entreating,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And said&mdash;'We need not stop, my Son!    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thoughts press, and time is hurrying on'&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_142_333" id="FNanchor_142_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_333" class="fnanchor">[142]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so to Francis he renewed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His words, more calmly thus pursued.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"'Might this our enterprise have sped,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Change wide and deep the Land had seen,    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span><span class="i0">A renovation from the dead,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A spring-tide of immortal green:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The darksome altars would have blazed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like stars when clouds are rolled away;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Salvation to all eyes that gazed,    <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Once more the Rood had been upraised<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To spread its arms, and stand for aye.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then, then&mdash;had I survived to see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">New life in Bolton Priory;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The voice restored, the eye of Truth    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Re-opened that inspired my youth;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To see<a name="FNanchor_143_334" id="FNanchor_143_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_334" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> her in her pomp arrayed&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This Banner (for such vow I made)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should on the consecrated breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of that same Temple have found rest:    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I would myself have hung it high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fit<a name="FNanchor_144_335" id="FNanchor_144_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_335" class="fnanchor">[144]</a> offering of glad victory!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"'A shadow of such thought remains<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To cheer this sad and pensive time;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A solemn fancy yet sustains    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One feeble Being&mdash;bids me climb<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even to the last&mdash;one effort more<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To attest my Faith, if not restore.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"'Hear then,' said he, 'while I impart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My Son, the last wish of my heart.    <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Banner strive thou to regain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, if the endeavour prove not<a name="FNanchor_145_336" id="FNanchor_145_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_336" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bear it&mdash;to whom if not to thee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall I this lonely thought consign?</span>&mdash;<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span><span class="i0">Bear it to Bolton Priory,    <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lay it on Saint Mary's shrine;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To wither in the sun and breeze<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Mid those decaying sanctities.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There let at least the gift be laid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The testimony there displayed;    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bold proof that with no selfish aim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But for lost Faith and Christ's dear name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I helmeted a brow though white,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And took a place in all men's sight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea offered up this noble<a name="FNanchor_146_337" id="FNanchor_146_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_337" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> Brood,    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This fair unrivalled Brotherhood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And turned away from thee, my Son!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And left&mdash;but be the rest unsaid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The name untouched, the tear unshed;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My wish is known, and I have done:    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now promise, grant this one request,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This dying prayer, and be thou blest!'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"Then Francis answered&mdash;'Trust thy Son,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For, with God's will, it shall be done!'&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_147_338" id="FNanchor_147_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_338" class="fnanchor">[147]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"The pledge obtained, the solemn word<a name="FNanchor_148_339" id="FNanchor_148_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_339" class="fnanchor">[148]</a>    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus scarcely given, a noise was heard,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Officers appeared in state<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To lead the prisoners to their fate.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They rose, oh! wherefore should I fear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To tell, or, Lady, you to hear?    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They rose&mdash;embraces none were given&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They stood like trees when earth and heaven</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Are calm; they knew each other's worth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And reverently the Band went forth.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They met, when they had reached the door,    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One with profane and harsh intent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Placed there&mdash;that he might go before<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, with that rueful Banner borne<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Aloft in sign of taunting scorn,<a name="FNanchor_149_340" id="FNanchor_149_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_340" class="fnanchor">[149]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Conduct them to their punishment:    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So cruel Sussex, unrestrained<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By human feeling, had ordained.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The unhappy Banner Francis saw,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, with a look of calm command<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inspiring universal awe,    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He took it from the soldier's hand;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the people that stood round<a name="FNanchor_150_341" id="FNanchor_150_341"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_341" class="fnanchor">[150]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Confirmed the deed in peace profound.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;High transport did the Father shed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon his Son&mdash;and they were led,    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Led on, and yielded up their breath;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Together died, a happy death!&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But Francis, soon as he had braved<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That insult, and the Banner saved,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Athwart the unresisting tide<a name="FNanchor_151_342" id="FNanchor_151_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_342" class="fnanchor">[151]</a>    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the spectators occupied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In admiration or dismay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bore instantly<a name="FNanchor_152_343" id="FNanchor_152_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_343" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> his Charge away."</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span><span class="i1">These things, which thus had in the sight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hearing passed of Him who stood    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Emily, on the Watch-tower height,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Rylstone's woeful neighbourhood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He told; and oftentimes with voice<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of power to comfort<a name="FNanchor_153_344" id="FNanchor_153_344"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_344" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> or rejoice;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For deepest sorrows that aspire,    <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Go high, no transport ever higher.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Yes&mdash;God is rich in mercy," said<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The old Man to the silent Maid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Yet, Lady! shines, through this black night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One star of aspect heavenly bright;<a name="FNanchor_154_345" id="FNanchor_154_345"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_345" class="fnanchor">[154]</a>    <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your Brother lives&mdash;he lives&mdash;is come<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perhaps already to his home;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then let us leave this dreary place."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She yielded, and with gentle pace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though without one uplifted look,    <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Rylstone-hall her way she took.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO SIXTH</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Why comes not Francis?&mdash;From the doleful City<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He fled,&mdash;and, in his flight, could hear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The death-sounds of the Minster-bell:<a name="FNanchor_155_346" id="FNanchor_155_346"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_346" class="fnanchor">[155]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">That sullen stroke pronounced farewell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Marmaduke, cut off from pity!    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Ambrose that! and then a knell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For him, the sweet half-opened Flower!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For all&mdash;all dying in one hour!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Why comes not Francis? Thoughts of love<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should bear him to his Sister dear    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the fleet motion of a dove;<a name="FNanchor_156_347" id="FNanchor_156_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_347" class="fnanchor">[156]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea, like a heavenly messenger<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of speediest wing, should he appear.<a name="FNanchor_157_348" id="FNanchor_157_348"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_348" class="fnanchor">[157]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Why comes he not?&mdash;for westward fast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Along the plain of York he past;    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Reckless of what impels or leads,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unchecked he hurries on;&mdash;nor heeds<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The sorrow, through the Villages,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Spread by triumphant cruelties<a name="FNanchor_158_349" id="FNanchor_158_349"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_349" class="fnanchor">[158]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of vengeful military force,    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And punishment without remorse.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He marked not, heard not, as he fled;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All but the suffering heart was dead<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For him abandoned to blank awe,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">To vacancy, and horror strong:<a name="FNanchor_159_350" id="FNanchor_159_350"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_350" class="fnanchor">[159]</a>    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the first object which he saw,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With conscious sight, as he swept along&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It was the Banner in his hand!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He felt&mdash;and made a sudden stand.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">He looked about like one betrayed:    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What hath he done? what promise made?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh weak, weak moment! to what end<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can such a vain oblation tend,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And he the Bearer?&mdash;Can he go<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Carrying this instrument of woe,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And find, find any where, a right<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To excuse him in his Country's sight?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No; will not all men deem the change<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A downward course, perverse and strange?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here is it;&mdash;but how? when? must she,    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The unoffending Emily,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Again this piteous object see?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Such conflict long did he maintain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor liberty nor rest could gain:<a name="FNanchor_160_351" id="FNanchor_160_351"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_351" class="fnanchor">[160]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His own life into danger brought    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By this sad burden&mdash;even that thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Exciting self-suspicion strong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Swayed the brave man to his wrong.<a name="FNanchor_161_352" id="FNanchor_161_352"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_352" class="fnanchor">[161]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And how&mdash;unless it were the sense<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of all-disposing Providence,    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its will unquestionably shown&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How has the Banner clung so fast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To a palsied, and unconscious hand;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Clung to the hand to which it passed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without impediment? And why    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But that Heaven's purpose might be known,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doth now no hindrance meet his eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No intervention, to withstand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fulfilment of a Father's prayer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Breathed to a Son forgiven, and blest    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When all resentments were at rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And life in death laid the heart bare?&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then, like a spectre sweeping by,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rushed through his mind the prophecy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of utter desolation made    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Emily in the yew-tree shade:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He sighed, submitting will and power<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the stern embrace of that grasping hour.<a name="FNanchor_162_353" id="FNanchor_162_353"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_353" class="fnanchor">[162]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"No choice is left, the deed is mine&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dead are they, dead!&mdash;and I will go,    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, for their sakes, come weal or woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will lay the Relic on the shrine."</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span><span class="i1">So forward with a steady will<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He went, and traversed plain and hill;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And up the vale of Wharf his way    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pursued;&mdash;and, at the dawn of day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attained a summit whence his eyes<a name="FNanchor_163_354" id="FNanchor_163_354"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_354" class="fnanchor">[163]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could see the Tower of Bolton rise.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There Francis for a moment's space<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Made halt&mdash;but hark! a noise behind    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of horsemen at an eager pace!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He heard, and with misgiving mind.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;'Tis Sir George Bowes who leads the Band:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They come, by cruel Sussex sent;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, when the Nortons from the hand    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of death had drunk their punishment,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bethought him, angry and ashamed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How Francis, with the Banner claimed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As his own charge, had disappeared,<a name="FNanchor_164_355" id="FNanchor_164_355"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_355" class="fnanchor">[164]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By all the standers-by revered.    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His whole bold carriage (which had quelled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus far the Opposer, and repelled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All censure, enterprise so bright<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That even bad men had vainly striven<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Against that overcoming light)    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was then reviewed, and prompt word given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That to what place soever fled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He should be seized, alive or dead.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">The troop of horse have gained the height<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Francis stood in open sight.    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They hem him round&mdash;"Behold the proof,"</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">They cried, "the Ensign in his hand!<a name="FNanchor_165_356" id="FNanchor_165_356"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_356" class="fnanchor">[165]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>He</i> did not arm, he walked aloof!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For why?&mdash;to save his Father's land;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Worst Traitor of them all is he,    <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Traitor dark and cowardly!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"I am no Traitor," Francis said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Though this unhappy freight I bear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And must not part with. But beware;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Err not, by hasty zeal misled,<a name="FNanchor_166_357" id="FNanchor_166_357"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_357" class="fnanchor">[166]</a>    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor do a suffering Spirit wrong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose self-reproaches are too strong!"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At this he from the beaten road<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Retreated towards a brake of thorn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That<a name="FNanchor_167_358" id="FNanchor_167_358"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_358" class="fnanchor">[167]</a> like a place of vantage showed;    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And there stood bravely, though forlorn.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In self-defence with warlike brow<a name="FNanchor_168_359" id="FNanchor_168_359"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_359" class="fnanchor">[168]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He stood,&mdash;nor weaponless was now;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He from a Soldier's hand had snatched<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A spear,&mdash;and, so protected, watched    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Assailants, turning round and round;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But from behind with treacherous wound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Spearman brought him to the ground.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The guardian lance, as Francis fell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dropped from him; but his other hand    <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Banner clenched; till, from out the Band,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One, the most eager for the prize,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Rushed in; and&mdash;while, O grief to tell!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A glimmering sense still left, with eyes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unclosed the noble Francis lay&mdash;    <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seized it, as hunters seize their prey;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But not before the warm life-blood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had tinged more deeply, as it flowed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wounds the broidered Banner showed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy fatal work, O Maiden, innocent as good!<a name="FNanchor_169_360" id="FNanchor_169_360"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_360" class="fnanchor">[169]</a>    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Proudly the Horsemen bore away<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Standard; and where Francis lay<a name="FNanchor_170_361" id="FNanchor_170_361"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_361" class="fnanchor">[170]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There was he left alone, unwept,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And for two days unnoticed slept.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For at that time bewildering fear    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span><span class="i0">Possessed the country, far and near;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, on the third day, passing by<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One of the Norton Tenantry<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Espied the uncovered Corse; the Man<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shrunk as he recognised the face,    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to the nearest homesteads ran<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And called the people to the place.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;How desolate is Rylstone-hall!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This was the instant thought of all;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And if the lonely Lady there    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should be; to her they cannot bear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This weight of anguish and despair.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So, when upon sad thoughts had prest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thoughts sadder still, they deemed it best<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That, if the Priest should yield assent    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And no one hinder their intent,<a name="FNanchor_171_362" id="FNanchor_171_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_362" class="fnanchor">[171]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then, they, for Christian pity's sake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In holy ground a grave would make;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And straightway<a name="FNanchor_172_363" id="FNanchor_172_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_363" class="fnanchor">[172]</a> buried he should be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the Church-yard of the Priory.    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Apart, some little space, was made<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The grave where Francis must be laid.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In no confusion or neglect<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This did they,&mdash;but in pure respect<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he was born of gentle blood;    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And that there was no neighbourhood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of kindred for him in that ground:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So to the Church-yard they are bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bearing the body on a bier;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And psalms they sing&mdash;a holy sound    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That hill and vale with sadness hear.<a name="FNanchor_173_364" id="FNanchor_173_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_364" class="fnanchor">[173]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">But Emily hath raised her head,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And is again disquieted;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She must behold!&mdash;so many gone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where is the solitary One?    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And forth from Rylstone-hall stepped she,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To seek her Brother forth she went,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tremblingly her course she bent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Toward<a name="FNanchor_174_365" id="FNanchor_174_365"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_365" class="fnanchor">[174]</a> Bolton's ruined Priory.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She comes, and in the vale hath heard    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The funeral dirge;&mdash;she sees the knot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of people, sees them in one spot&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And darting like a wounded bird<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She reached the grave, and with her breast</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Upon the ground received the rest,&mdash;    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The consummation, the whole ruth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sorrow of this final truth!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="bindent2">CANTO SEVENTH</p>
+
+<div class="poem" style="font-size: 90%;"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i10">"Powers there are</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That touch each other to the quick&mdash;in modes</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Which the gross world no sense hath to perceive,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">No soul to dream of."<a name="FNanchor_OO_438" id="FNanchor_OO_438"></a><a href="#Footnote_OO_438" class="fnanchor">[OO]</a></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thou Spirit, whose angelic hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was to the harp a strong command,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Called the submissive strings to wake<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In glory for this Maiden's sake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Say, Spirit! whither hath she fled    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To hide her poor afflicted head?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What mighty forest in its gloom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Enfolds her?&mdash;is a rifted tomb<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within the wilderness her seat?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some island which the wild waves beat&mdash;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is that the Sufferer's last retreat?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or some aspiring rock, that shrouds<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its perilous front in mists and clouds?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High-climbing rock, low<a name="FNanchor_175_366" id="FNanchor_175_366"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_366" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> sunless dale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sea, desert, what do these avail?    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh take her anguish and her fears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Into a deep<a name="FNanchor_176_367" id="FNanchor_176_367"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_367" class="fnanchor">[176]</a> recess of years!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">'Tis done;&mdash;despoil and desolation<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er Rylstone's fair domain have blown;<a name="FNanchor_PP_439" id="FNanchor_PP_439"></a><a href="#Footnote_PP_439" class="fnanchor">[PP]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Pools, terraces, and walks are sown<a name="FNanchor_177_368" id="FNanchor_177_368"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_368" class="fnanchor">[177]</a>    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With weeds; the bowers are overthrown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or have given way to slow mutation,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While, in their ancient habitation<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Norton name hath been unknown.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lordly Mansion of its pride    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is stripped; the ravage hath spread wide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through park and field, a perishing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That mocks the gladness of the Spring!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, with this silent gloom agreeing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Appears<a name="FNanchor_178_369" id="FNanchor_178_369"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_369" class="fnanchor">[178]</a> a joyless human Being,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of aspect such as if the waste<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were under her dominion placed.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon a primrose bank, her throne<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of quietness, she sits alone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a name="FNanchor_179_370" id="FNanchor_179_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_370" class="fnanchor">[179]</a>Among the ruins of a wood,    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Erewhile a covert bright and green,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And where full many a brave tree stood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That used to spread its boughs, and ring<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the sweet bird's carolling.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Behold her, like a virgin Queen,    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Neglecting in imperial state<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These outward images of fate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And carrying inward a serene<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And perfect sway, through many a thought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of chance and change, that hath been brought    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the subjection of a holy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though stern and rigorous, melancholy!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The like authority, with grace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of awfulness, is in her face,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There hath she fixed it; yet it seems    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To o'ershadow by no native right<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That face, which cannot lose the gleams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lose utterly the tender gleams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of gentleness and meek delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And loving-kindness ever bright:    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such is her sovereign mien:&mdash;her dress<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(A vest with woollen cincture tied,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A hood of mountain-wool undyed)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is homely,&mdash;fashioned to express<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A wandering Pilgrim's humbleness.    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">And she <i>hath</i> wandered, long and far,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath the light of sun and star;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath roamed in trouble and in grief,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Driven forward like a withered leaf,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yea like a ship at random blown    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To distant places and unknown.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But now she dares to seek a haven<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among her native wilds of Craven;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath seen again her Father's roof,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And put her fortitude to proof;    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The mighty sorrow hath<a name="FNanchor_180_371" id="FNanchor_180_371"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_371" class="fnanchor">[180]</a> been borne,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she is thoroughly forlorn:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her soul doth in itself stand fast,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Sustained by memory of the past<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And strength of Reason; held above    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The infirmities of mortal love;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Undaunted, lofty, calm, and stable,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And awfully impenetrable.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">And so&mdash;beneath a mouldered tree,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A self-surviving leafless oak    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By unregarded age from stroke<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of ravage saved&mdash;sate Emily.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There did she rest, with head reclined,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Herself most like a stately flower,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Such have I seen) whom chance of birth    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath separated from its kind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To live and die in a shady bower,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Single on the gladsome earth.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">When, with a noise like distant thunder,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A troop of deer came sweeping by;    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, suddenly, behold a wonder!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For One, among those rushing deer,<a name="FNanchor_181_372" id="FNanchor_181_372"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_372" class="fnanchor">[181]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A single One, in mid career<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath stopped, and fixed her<a name="FNanchor_182_373" id="FNanchor_182_373"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_373" class="fnanchor">[182]</a> large full eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the Lady Emily;    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Doe most beautiful, clear-white,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A radiant creature, silver-bright!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Thus checked, a little while it stayed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A little thoughtful pause it made;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And then advanced with stealth-like pace,    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Drew softly near her, and more near&mdash;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Looked round&mdash;but saw no cause for fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So to her feet the Creature came,<a name="FNanchor_183_374" id="FNanchor_183_374"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_374" class="fnanchor">[183]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And laid its head upon her knee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And looked into the Lady's face,    <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A look of pure benignity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fond unclouded memory.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It is, thought Emily, the same,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The very Doe of other years!&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pleading look the Lady viewed,    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, by her gushing thoughts subdued,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She melted into tears&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A flood of tears, that flowed apace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the happy Creature's face.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Oh, moment ever blest! O Pair    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beloved of Heaven, Heaven's chosen<a name="FNanchor_184_375" id="FNanchor_184_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_375" class="fnanchor">[184]</a> care,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This was for you a precious greeting;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And may it prove a fruitful meeting!<a name="FNanchor_185_376" id="FNanchor_185_376"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_376" class="fnanchor">[185]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Joined are they, and the sylvan Doe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can she depart? can she forego    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Lady, once her playful peer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now her sainted Mistress dear?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And will not Emily receive<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This lovely chronicler of things<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long past, delights and sorrowings?    <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lone Sufferer! will not she believe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The promise in that speaking face;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And welcome, as a gift of grace,<a name="FNanchor_186_377" id="FNanchor_186_377"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_377" class="fnanchor">[186]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The saddest thought the Creature brings?<a name="FNanchor_187_378" id="FNanchor_187_378"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_378" class="fnanchor">[187]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">That day, the first of a re-union    <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which was to teem with high communion,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That day of balmy April weather,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They tarried in the wood together.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when, ere fall of evening dew,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She from her<a name="FNanchor_188_379" id="FNanchor_188_379"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_379" class="fnanchor">[188]</a> sylvan haunt withdrew,    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The White Doe tracked with faithful pace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Lady to her dwelling-place;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That nook where, on paternal ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A habitation she had found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Master of whose humble board    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Once owned her Father for his Lord;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A hut, by tufted trees defended,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Rylstone brook with Wharf is blended.<a name="FNanchor_QQ_440" id="FNanchor_QQ_440"></a><a href="#Footnote_QQ_440" class="fnanchor">[QQ]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">When Emily by morning light<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Went forth, the Doe stood there<a name="FNanchor_189_380" id="FNanchor_189_380"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_380" class="fnanchor">[189]</a> in sight.    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She shrunk:&mdash;with one frail shock of pain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Received and followed by a prayer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She saw the Creature once again;<a name="FNanchor_190_381" id="FNanchor_190_381"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_381" class="fnanchor">[190]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Shun will she not, she feels, will bear;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, wheresoever she looked round,    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All now was trouble-haunted ground;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And therefore now she deems it good<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Once more this restless neighbourhood<a name="FNanchor_191_382" id="FNanchor_191_382"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_382" class="fnanchor">[191]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To leave. Unwooed, yet unforbidden,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The White Doe followed up the vale,    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up to another cottage, hidden<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the deep fork of Amerdale;<a name="FNanchor_RR_441" id="FNanchor_RR_441"></a><a href="#Footnote_RR_441" class="fnanchor">[RR]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And there may Emily restore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Herself, in spots unseen before.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Why tell of mossy rock, or tree,    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side,<a name="FNanchor_SS_442" id="FNanchor_SS_442"></a><a href="#Footnote_SS_442" class="fnanchor">[SS]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Haunts of a strengthening amity<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That calmed her, cheered, and fortified?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For she hath ventured now to read<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of time, and place, and thought, and deed&mdash;    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Endless history that lies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In her silent Follower's eyes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who with a power like human reason</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Discerns the favourable season,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Skilled to approach or to retire,&mdash;    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From looks conceiving her desire;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From look, deportment, voice, or mien,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That vary to the heart within.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If she too passionately wreathed<a name="FNanchor_192_383" id="FNanchor_192_383"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_383" class="fnanchor">[192]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her arms, or over-deeply breathed,    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Walked quick or slowly, every mood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In its degree was understood;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then well may their accord be true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And kindliest<a name="FNanchor_193_384" id="FNanchor_193_384"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_384" class="fnanchor">[193]</a> intercourse ensue.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Oh! surely 'twas a gentle rousing    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When she by sudden glimpse espied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The White Doe on the mountain browsing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or in the meadow wandered wide!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How pleased, when down the Straggler sank<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beside her, on some sunny bank!    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How soothed, when in thick bower enclosed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They, like a nested pair, reposed!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fair Vision! when it crossed the Maid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within some rocky cavern laid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dark cave's portal gliding by,    <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">White as whitest<a name="FNanchor_194_385" id="FNanchor_194_385"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_385" class="fnanchor">[194]</a> cloud on high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Floating through the<a name="FNanchor_195_386" id="FNanchor_195_386"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_386" class="fnanchor">[195]</a> azure sky.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;What now is left for pain or fear?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Presence, dearer and more dear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While they, side by side, were straying,    <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the shepherd's pipe was playing,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Did now a very gladness yield<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At morning to the dewy field,<a name="FNanchor_196_387" id="FNanchor_196_387"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_387" class="fnanchor">[196]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And with a deeper peace endued<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The hour of moonlight solitude.    <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">With her Companion, in such frame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of mind, to Rylstone back she came;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, ranging<a name="FNanchor_197_388" id="FNanchor_197_388"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_388" class="fnanchor">[197]</a> through the wasted groves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Received the memory of old loves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Undisturbed and undistrest,    <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Into a soul which now was blest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With a soft spring-day of holy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mild, and grateful, melancholy:<a name="FNanchor_198_389" id="FNanchor_198_389"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_389" class="fnanchor">[198]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not sunless gloom or unenlightened,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But by tender fancies brightened.    <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">When the bells of Rylstone played<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their sabbath music&mdash;"<em class="antiqua">God us ayde!</em>"<a name="FNanchor_TT_443" id="FNanchor_TT_443"></a><a href="#Footnote_TT_443" class="fnanchor">[TT]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That was the sound they seemed to speak;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inscriptive legend which I ween<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May on those holy bells be seen,    <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That legend and her Grandsire's name;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oftentimes the Lady meek<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had in her childhood read the same;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Words which she slighted at that day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But now, when such sad change was wrought,    <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And of that lonely name she thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bells of Rylstone seemed to say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While she sate listening in the shade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With vocal music, "<em class="antiqua">God us ayde</em>;"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the hills were glad to bear    <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their part in this effectual prayer.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Nor lacked she Reason's firmest power;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But with the White Doe at her side<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up would she climb to Norton Tower,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thence look round her far and wide,    <span class="linenum">230</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her fate there measuring;&mdash;all is stilled,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The weak One hath subdued her heart;<a name="FNanchor_199_390" id="FNanchor_199_390"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_390" class="fnanchor">[199]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Behold the prophecy fulfilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fulfilled, and she sustains her part!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But here her Brother's words have failed;    <span class="linenum">235</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here hath a milder doom prevailed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That she, of him and all bereft,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath yet this faithful Partner left;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This one Associate<a name="FNanchor_200_391" id="FNanchor_200_391"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_391" class="fnanchor">[200]</a> that disproves<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His words, remains for her, and loves.    <span class="linenum">240</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If tears are shed, they do not fall<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For loss of him&mdash;for one, or all;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, sometimes, sometimes doth she weep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Moved gently in her soul's soft sleep;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A few tears down her cheek descend    <span class="linenum">245</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For this her last and living Friend.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Bless, tender Hearts, their mutual lot,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And bless for both this savage spot;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which Emily doth sacred hold<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For reasons dear and manifold&mdash;    <span class="linenum">250</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here hath she, here before her sight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Close to the summit of this height,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The grassy rock-encircled Pound<a name="FNanchor_UU_444" id="FNanchor_UU_444"></a><a href="#Footnote_UU_444" class="fnanchor">[UU]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In which the Creature first was found.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So beautiful the timid Thrall    <span class="linenum">255</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(A spotless Youngling white as foam)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her youngest Brother brought it home;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The youngest, then a lusty boy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bore it, or led, to Rylstone-hall<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With heart brimful of pride and joy!<a name="FNanchor_201_392" id="FNanchor_201_392"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_392" class="fnanchor">[201]</a>    <span class="linenum">260</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span><span class="i1">But most to Bolton's sacred Pile,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On favouring nights, she loved to go;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There ranged through cloister, court, and aisle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attended by the soft-paced Doe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor feared she in the still moonshine<a name="FNanchor_202_393" id="FNanchor_202_393"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_393" class="fnanchor">[202]</a>    <span class="linenum">265</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To look upon Saint Mary's shrine;<a name="FNanchor_VV_445" id="FNanchor_VV_445"></a><a href="#Footnote_VV_445" class="fnanchor">[VV]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor on the lonely turf that showed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Francis slept in his last abode.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For that she came; there oft she sate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forlorn, but not disconsolate:<a name="FNanchor_203_394" id="FNanchor_203_394"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_394" class="fnanchor">[203]</a>    <span class="linenum">270</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, when she from the abyss returned<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of thought, she neither shrunk nor mourned;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was happy that she lived to greet<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her mute Companion as it lay<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In love and pity at her feet;    <span class="linenum">275</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How happy in its<a name="FNanchor_204_395" id="FNanchor_204_395"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_395" class="fnanchor">[204]</a> turn to meet<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The<a name="FNanchor_205_396" id="FNanchor_205_396"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_396" class="fnanchor">[205]</a> recognition! the mild glance</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Beamed from that gracious countenance;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Communication, like the ray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of a new morning, to the nature    <span class="linenum">280</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And prospects of the inferior Creature!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">A mortal Song we sing,<a name="FNanchor_206_397" id="FNanchor_206_397"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_397" class="fnanchor">[206]</a> by dower<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Encouraged of celestial power;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Power which the viewless Spirit shed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By whom we were first visited;    <span class="linenum">285</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose voice we heard, whose hand and wings<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Swept like a breeze the conscious strings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When, left in solitude, erewhile<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We stood before this ruined Pile,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, quitting unsubstantial dreams,    <span class="linenum">290</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sang in this Presence kindred themes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Distress and desolation spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through human hearts, and pleasure dead,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dead&mdash;but to live again on earth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A second and yet nobler birth;    <span class="linenum">295</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dire overthrow, and yet how high<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The re-ascent in sanctity!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From fair to fairer; day by day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A more divine and loftier way!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even such this blessèd Pilgrim trod,    <span class="linenum">300</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By sorrow lifted towards her God;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Uplifted to the purest sky<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of undisturbed mortality.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her own thoughts loved she; and could bend<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A dear look to her lowly Friend;    <span class="linenum">305</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There stopped; her thirst was satisfied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With what this innocent spring supplied:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her sanction inwardly she bore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And stood apart from human cares:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But to the world returned no more,    <span class="linenum">310</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Although with no unwilling mind</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Help did she give at need, and joined<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Wharfdale peasants in their prayers.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At length, thus faintly, faintly tied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To earth, she was set free, and died.    <span class="linenum">315</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy soul, exalted Emily,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Maid of the blasted family,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rose to the God from whom it came!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;In Rylstone Church her mortal frame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was buried by her Mother's side.    <span class="linenum">320</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Most glorious sunset! and a ray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Survives&mdash;the twilight of this day&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In that fair Creature whom the fields<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Support, and whom the forest shields;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, having filled a holy place,    <span class="linenum">325</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Partakes, in her degree, Heaven's grace;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bears a memory and a mind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Raised far above the law of kind;<a name="FNanchor_WW_446" id="FNanchor_WW_446"></a><a href="#Footnote_WW_446" class="fnanchor">[WW]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Haunting the spots with lonely cheer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which her dear Mistress once held dear:    <span class="linenum">330</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Loves most what Emily loved most&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The enclosure of this church-yard ground;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here wanders like a gliding ghost,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And every sabbath here is found;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Comes with the people when the bells    <span class="linenum">335</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are heard among the moorland dells,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Finds entrance through yon arch, where way<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lies open on the sabbath-day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here walks amid the mournful waste<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of prostrate altars, shrines defaced,    <span class="linenum">340</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And floors encumbered with rich show<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of fret-work imagery laid low;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Paces softly, or makes halt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By fractured cell, or tomb, or vault;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By plate of monumental brass    <span class="linenum">345</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span><span class="i0">Dim-gleaming among weeds and grass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sculptured Forms of Warriors brave:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But chiefly by that single grave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That one sequestered hillock green,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The pensive visitant is seen.    <span class="linenum">350</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There doth the gentle Creature lie<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With those adversities unmoved;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Calm spectacle, by earth and sky<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In their benignity approved!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And aye, methinks, this hoary Pile,    <span class="linenum">355</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Subdued by outrage and decay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Looks down upon her with a smile,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A gracious smile, that seems to say&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Thou, thou art not a Child of Time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But Daughter of the Eternal Prime!"    <span class="linenum">360</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The following is the full text of the first "note" to <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The
+White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>, published in the quarto edition of 1815.
+The other notes to that edition are printed in this, at the foot
+of the pages where they occur:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"The Poem of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a> is founded on
+a local tradition, and on the Ballad in Percy's Collection,
+entitled <i>The Rising of the North</i>. The tradition is as
+follows: 'About this time,' not long after the Dissolution, 'a
+White Doe, say the aged people of the neighbourhood, long
+continued to make a weekly pilgrimage from Rylstone over the
+fells of Bolton, and was constantly found in the Abbey
+Church-yard during divine service; after the close of which she
+returned home as regularly as the rest of the congregation.'&mdash;Dr.
+<span class="smcap">Whitaker's</span> <i>History of the Deanery of Craven</i>.&mdash;Rylstone
+was the property and residence of the Nortons, distinguished in
+that ill-advised and unfortunate Insurrection, which led me to
+connect with this tradition the principal circumstances of their
+fate, as recorded in the Ballad which I have thought it proper
+to annex.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>The Rising in the North.</i><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"The subject of this ballad is the great Northern Insurrection
+in the 12th year of Elizabeth, 1569, which proved so fatal
+to Thomas Percy, the seventh Earl of Northumberland.</p>
+
+<p>"There had not long before been a secret negociation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span>
+entered into between some of the Scottish and English nobility,
+to bring about a marriage between Mary Q. of Scots, at
+that time a prisoner in England, and the Duke of Norfolk, a
+nobleman of excellent character. This match was proposed to
+all the most considerable of the English nobility, and among
+the rest to the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland,
+two noblemen very powerful in the North. As it seemed to
+promise a speedy and safe conclusion of the troubles in
+Scotland, with many advantages to the crown of England, they
+all consented to it, provided it should prove agreeable to Queen
+Elizabeth. The Earl of Leicester (Elizabeth's favourite)
+undertook to break the matter to her, but before he could find
+an opportunity, the affair had come to her ears by other hands,
+and she was thrown into a violent flame. The Duke of
+Norfolk, with several of his friends, was committed to the
+Tower, and summons were sent to the Northern Earls
+instantly to make their appearance at court. It is said that the
+Earl of Northumberland, who was a man of a mild and gentle
+nature,<a name="FNanchor_XX_447" id="FNanchor_XX_447"></a><a href="#Footnote_XX_447" class="fnanchor">[XX]</a> was deliberating with himself whether he should not
+obey the message, and rely upon the Queen's candour and
+clemency, when he was forced into desperate measures by a
+sudden report at midnight, Nov. 14, that a party of his enemies
+were come to seize his person. The Earl was then at his house
+at Topcliffe in Yorkshire. When, rising hastily out of bed, he
+withdrew to the Earl of Westmoreland at Brancepeth, where
+the country came in to them, and pressed them to take up arms
+in their own defence. They accordingly set up their standards,
+declaring their intent was to restore the ancient Religion, to
+get the succession of the crown firmly settled, and to prevent
+the destruction of the ancient nobility, etc. Their common
+banner (on which was displayed the cross, together with the
+five wounds of Christ) was borne by an ancient gentleman, Richard
+Norton, Esquire, who, with his sons (among whom, Christopher,
+Marmaduke, and Thomas, are expressly named by Camden),
+distinguished himself on this occasion. Having entered
+Durham, they tore the Bible, etc., and caused mass to be said
+there; they then marched on to Clifford-moor near Wetherby,
+where they mustered their men.... The two Earls, who
+spent their large estates in hospitality, and were extremely
+beloved on that account, were masters of little ready money;
+the E. of Northumberland bringing with him only 8000<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span>
+crowns, and the E. of Westmoreland nothing at all, for the
+subsistence of their forces, they were not able to march to
+London, as they had at first intended. In these circumstances,
+Westmoreland began so visibly to despond, that many of his
+men slunk away, though Northumberland still kept up his
+resolution, and was master of the field till December 13,
+when the Earl of Sussex, accompanied with Lord Hunsden and
+others, having marched out of York at the head of a large body
+of forces, and being followed by a still larger army under the
+command of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick, the insurgents
+retreated northward towards the borders, and there dismissing
+their followers, made their escape into Scotland. Though this
+insurrection had been suppressed with so little bloodshed, the
+Earl of Sussex and Sir George Bowes, marshal of the army,
+put vast numbers to death by martial law, without any regular
+trial. The former of these caused at Durham sixty-three
+constables to be hanged at once. And the latter made his
+boast, that for sixty miles in length, and forty in breadth,
+betwixt Newcastle and Wetherby, there was hardly a town or
+village wherein he had not executed some of the inhabitants.
+This exceeds the cruelties practised in the West after
+Monmouth's rebellion.</p>
+
+<p>"Such is the account collected from Stow, Speed, Camden,
+Guthrie, Carte, and Rapin; it agrees, in most particulars, with
+the following Ballad, apparently the production of some northern
+minstrel.&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Listen, lively lordings all,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Lithe and listen unto mee,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And I will sing of a noble earle,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The noblest earle in the north countrie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Earle Percy is into his garden gone,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And after him walks his fair leddie:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">I heard a bird sing in mine ear,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That I must either fight, or flee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now heaven forefend, my dearest lord,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That ever such harm should hap to thee:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">But goe to London to the court,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And fair fall truth and honestie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now nay, now nay, my ladye gay,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Alas! thy counsell suits not mee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Mine enemies prevail so fast,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That at the court I may not bee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span><span class="i0">O goe to the court yet, good my lord,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And take thy gallant men with thee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">If any dare to do you wrong,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Then your warrant they may bee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now nay, now nay, thou ladye faire,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The court is full of subtiltie:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And if I goe to the court, ladye,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Never more I may thee see.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet goe to the court, my lord, she sayes,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And I myselfe will ryde wi' thee:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">At court then for my dearest lord,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">His faithful borrowe I will bee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now nay, now nay, my ladye deare;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Far lever had I lose my life,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Than leave among my cruell foes</span><br />
+<span class="i2">My love in jeopardy and strife.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But come thou hither, my little foot-page,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Come thou hither unto mee,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">To Maister Norton thou must goe</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In all the haste that ever may bee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Commend me to that gentleman,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And beare this letter here fro mee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And say that earnestly I praye,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">He will ryde in my companie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">One while the little foot-page went,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And another while he ran;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Untill he came to his journey's end,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The little foot-page never blan.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When to that gentleman he came,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Down he kneeled on his knee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And took the letter betwixt his hands,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And lett the gentleman it see.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And when the letter it was redd,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Affore that goodlye companie,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">I wis if you the truthe wold know,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">There was many a weeping eye.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He sayd, Come thither, Christopher Norton,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A gallant youth thou seem'st to bee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">What dost thou counsell me, my sonne,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Now that good earle's in jeopardy?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span><span class="i0">Father, my counselle's fair and free;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That erle he is a noble lord,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And whatsoever to him you hight,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">I would not have you breake your word.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Gramercy, Christopher, my sonne,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Thy counsell well it liketh mee,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And if we speed and 'scape with life,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Well advanced shalt thou bee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come you hither, my nine good sonnes,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Gallant men I trowe you bee:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">How many of you, my children deare,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Will stand by that good erle and mee?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Eight of them did answer make,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Eight of them spake hastilie,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">O Father, till the day we dye</span><br />
+<span class="i2">We'll stand by that good erle and thee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Gramercy, now, my children deare,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">You shew yourselves right bold and brave,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And whethersoe'er I live or dye,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A father's blessing you shall have.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But what say'st thou, O Francis Norton,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Thou art mine eldest sonne and heire:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Somewhat lies brooding in thy breast;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Whatever it bee, to mee declare.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Father, you are an aged man,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Your head is white, your beard is gray;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">It were a shame at these your years</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For you to ryse in such a fray.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now fye upon thee, coward Francis,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Thou never learned'st this of mee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">When thou wert young and tender of age,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Why did I make soe much of thee?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But, father, I will wend with you,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Unarm'd and naked will I bee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And he that strikes against the crowne,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Ever an ill death may he dee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then rose that reverend gentleman,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And with him came a goodlye band</span><br />
+<span class="i0">To join with the brave Earle Percy,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And all the flower o' Northumberland.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span><span class="i0">With them the noble Nevill came,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The erle of Westmoreland was hee;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">At Wetherbye they mustered their host,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Thirteen thousand fair to see.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Lord Westmorland his ancyent raisde,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The Dun Bull he rays'd on hye,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And three Dogs with golden collars</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Were there set out most royallye.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Erle Percy there his ancyent spread,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The Halfe Moone shining all soe faire;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">The Nortons ancyent had the Crosse,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And the five wounds our Lord did beare.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then Sir George Bowes he straitwaye rose,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">After them some spoile to make:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Those noble erles turned back againe,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And aye they vowed that knight to take.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That baron he to his castle fled,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">To Barnard castle then fled hee.</span><br />
+<span class="i0">The uttermost walles were eathe to win.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The earles have wonne them presentlie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The uttermost walles were lime and bricke;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">But though they won them soon anone,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Long ere they wan their innermost walles,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For they were cut in rocke and stone.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then news unto leeve London came</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In all the speed that ever might bee,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And word is brought to our royall queene</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Of the rysing in the North countrie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Her grace she turned her round about,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And like a royall queene shee swore,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">I will ordayne them such a breakfast,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">As never was in the North before.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Shee caused thirty thousand men be rays'd,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">With horse and harneis faire to see;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">She caused thirty thousand men be raised</span><br />
+<span class="i2">To take the earles i' th' North countrie.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wi' them the false Erle Warwicke went,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The Erle Sussex and the Lord Hunsden,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Untill they to York castle came</span><br />
+<span class="i2">I wiss they never stint ne blan.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span><span class="i0">Now spred thy ancyent, Westmoreland,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Thy dun Bull faine would we spye:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And thou, the Erle of Northumberland,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Now rayse thy Halfe Moone on hye.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But the dun bulle is fled and gone,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And the halfe moone vanished away:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">The Erles, though they were brave and bold,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Against soe many could not stay.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thee, Norton, wi' thine eight good sonnes,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">They doomed to dye, alas! for ruth!</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Thy reverend lockes thee could not save,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Nor them their faire and blooming youthe.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wi' them full many a gallant wight</span><br />
+<span class="i2">They cruellye bereav'd of life:</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And many a child made fatherlesse,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And widowed many a tender wife.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"'Bolton Priory,' says Dr. Whitaker in his excellent book&mdash;<i>The
+History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven</i>&mdash;'stands
+upon a beautiful curvature of the Wharf, on a level
+sufficiently elevated to protect it from inundations, and low
+enough for every purpose of picturesque effect.</p>
+
+<p>"'Opposite to the East window of the Priory Church, the
+river washes the foot of a rock nearly perpendicular, and of the
+richest purple, where several of the mineral beds, which break
+out, instead of maintaining their usual inclination to the horizon,
+are twisted by some inconceivable process, into undulating and
+spiral lines. To the South all is soft and delicious; the eye
+reposes upon a few rich pastures, a moderate reach of the river,
+sufficiently tranquil to form a mirror to the sun, and the
+bounding hills beyond, neither too near nor too lofty to exclude,
+even in winter, any portion of his rays.</p>
+
+<p>"'But, after all, the glories of Bolton are on the North.
+Whatever the most fastidious taste could require to constitute a
+perfect landscape is not only found here, but in its proper place.
+In front, and immediately under the eye, is a smooth expanse
+of park-like enclosure, spotted with native elm, ash, etc. of the
+finest growth: on the right a skirting oak wood, with jutting
+points of grey rock; on the left a rising copse. Still forward
+are seen the aged groves of Bolton Park, the growth of centuries;
+and farther yet, the barren and rocky distances of Simon-seat
+and Barden Fell contrasted with the warmth, fertility, and
+luxuriant foliage of the valley below.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span>"'About half a mile above Bolton the Valley closes, and
+either side of the Wharf is overhung by solemn woods, from
+which huge perpendicular masses of grey rock jut out at
+intervals.</p>
+
+<p>"'This sequestered scene was almost inaccessible till of late,
+that ridings have been cut on both sides of the River, and the
+most interesting points laid open by judicious thinnings in the
+woods. Here a tributary stream rushes from a waterfall, and
+bursts through a woody glen to mingle its waters with the
+Wharf: there the Wharf itself is nearly lost in a deep cleft in
+the rock, and next becomes a horned flood enclosing a woody
+island&mdash;sometimes it reposes for a moment, and then resumes
+its native character, lively, irregular, and impetuous.</p>
+
+<p>"'The cleft mentioned above is the tremendous <span class="smcap">Strid</span>.
+This chasm, being incapable of receiving the winter floods, has
+formed, on either side, a broad strand of naked gritstone full of
+rock-basons, or "pots of the Linn," which bear witness to the
+restless impetuosity of so many Northern torrents. But, if here
+Wharf is lost to the eye, it amply repays another sense by its
+deep and solemn roar, like "the Voice of the angry Spirit of
+the Waters," heard far above and beneath, amidst the silence
+of the surrounding woods.</p>
+
+<p>"'The terminating object of the landscape is the remains of
+Barden Tower, interesting from their form and situation, and
+still more so from the recollections which they excite.'"</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p><a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a> has been assigned chronologically
+to the year 1808; although part of it&mdash;probably the larger half&mdash;was
+written during the autumn of the previous year, and it
+remained unfinished in 1810, while the Dedication was not
+written till 1815. In the Fenwick note, Wordsworth tells us
+that the "earlier half" was written at Stockton-on-Tees "at
+the close" of 1807, and "proceeded with" at Dove Cottage,
+after his return to Grasmere, which was in April 1808. But
+on the 28th February, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth, writing from
+Allan Bank to Lady Beaumont, says, "Before my brother
+turns to any other labour, I hope he will have finished three
+books of <i>The Recluse</i>. He seldom writes less than 50 lines
+every day. After this task is finished he hopes to complete
+<a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a>, and proud should we all be if it should be
+honoured by a frontispiece from the pencil of Sir George
+Beaumont. Perhaps this is not impossible, if you come into
+the north next summer."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span>A frontispiece was drawn by Sir George Beaumont for
+the quarto edition of 1815.</p>
+
+<p>When part of the poem was finished, Wordsworth showed it
+to Southey; and Southey, writing to Walter Scott, in February
+1808, said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Wordsworth has just completed a most masterly poem
+upon the fate of the Nortons; two or three lines in the old
+ballad of <i>The Rising of the North</i> gave him the hint. The
+story affected me more deeply than I wish to be affected;
+younger readers, however, will not object to the depth of the
+distress, and nothing was ever more ably treated. He is looking,
+too, for a narrative subject, pitched in a lower key."</p>
+
+<p>One of the most interesting letters of S. T. Coleridge to
+Wordsworth is an undated one, sent from London in the spring
+of 1808, containing a characteristic criticism of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a>.
+The Wordsworth family had asked Coleridge to discuss the
+subject of the publication of the poem with the Longmans'
+firm. It is more than probable that it was Coleridge's criticism
+of the structural defects in the poem, that led Wordsworth to
+postpone its publication. The following is part of the
+letter:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"... In my reperusals of the poem, it seemed always to
+strike on my feeling as well as judgment, that if there were any
+serious defect, it consisted in a disproportion of the Accidents
+to the spiritual Incidents; and, closely connected with this,&mdash;if
+it be not indeed the same,&mdash;that Emily is indeed talked of,
+and once appears, but neither speaks nor acts, in all the first
+three-fourths of the poem. Then, as the outward interest of
+the poem is in favour of the old man's religious feelings, and
+the filial heroism of his band of sons, it seemed to require
+something in order to place the two protestant malcontents of
+the family in a light that made them beautiful as well as
+virtuous. In short, to express it far more strongly than I
+mean or think, in order (in the present anguish of my spirits)
+to be able to express it at all, that three-fourths of the work
+is everything rather <i>than</i> Emily; and then, the last&mdash;almost a
+separate and doubtless an exquisite poem&mdash;wholly <i>of</i> Emily.
+The whole of the rest, and the delivering up of the family
+by Francis, I never ceased to find, not only comparatively
+heavy, but to me quite obscure as to Francis's motives. On
+the few, to whom, within my acquaintance, the poem has been
+read, either by yourself or me (I have, I believe, read it only at
+the Beaumonts'), it produced the same effect.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span>"Now I have conceived two little incidents, the introduction
+of which, joined to a little abridgment, and lyrical precipitation
+of the last half of the third, I had thought would have removed
+this defect, so seeming to me, and bring to a finer balance the
+<i>business</i> with the <i>action</i> of the tale. But after my receipt of
+your letter, concerning Lamb's censures, I felt my courage fail,
+and that what I deemed a harmonizing would disgust you as a
+<i>materialization</i> of the plan, and appear to you like insensibility
+to the power of the history in the mind. Not that I should
+have shrunk back from the mere fear of giving transient pain,
+and a temporary offence, from the want of sympathy of feeling
+and coincidence of opinions. I rather envy than blame that
+deep interest in a production, which is inevitable perhaps, and
+certainly not dishonourable to such as feel poetry their calling
+and their duty, and which no man would find much fault with
+if the object, instead of a poem, were a large estate or a title.
+It appears to me to become a foible only when the poet denies,
+or is unconscious of its existence, but I did not deem myself in
+such a state of mind as to entitle me to rely on my own opinion
+when opposed to yours, from the heat and bustle of these disgusting
+lectures.</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="letter-spacing: 3em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;</p>
+
+<p>"From most of these causes I was suffering, so as not to
+allow me any rational confidence in my opinions when contrary
+to yours, which had been formed in calmness and on long reflection.
+Then I received your sister's letter, stating the wish
+that I would give up the thought of proposing the means of
+correction, and merely point out the things to be corrected,
+which&mdash;as they could be of no great consequence&mdash;you might
+do in a day or two, and the publication of the poem&mdash;for the
+immediacy of which she expressed great anxiety&mdash;be no longer
+retarded. The merely verbal <i>alteranda</i> did appear to me very
+few and trifling. From your letter on L&mdash;&mdash;, I concluded that
+you would not have the incidents and action interfered with,
+and therefore I sent it off; but soon retracted it, in order to
+note down the single words and phrases that I disliked in the
+books, after the two first, as there would be time to receive
+your opinion of them during the printing of the two first, in
+which I saw nothing amiss, except the one passage we altered
+together, and the two lines which I scratched out, because you
+yourself were doubtful. Mrs. Shepherd told me that she had
+felt them exactly as I did&mdash;namely, as interrupting the spirit of
+the continuous tranquil motion of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a>."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span>It will be seen from this letter that Wordsworth had gone
+over the poem with Coleridge, and that they had altered some
+passages "together"; that Coleridge had read a copy of it sent
+to the Beaumonts, doubtless at Dunmow in Essex; that he
+had thought of a plan by which the poem could be immensely
+improved, both by addition and subtraction; but that hearing
+from Wordsworth, or more probably from his sister Dorothy,
+that Charles Lamb had also criticised its structure, he gave up
+his intention of sending to his friend suggestions, which
+evidently implied a radical alteration of "the incidents and
+action" of the tale. It would have been extremely interesting
+to know how the author of <i>Christabel</i> and <i>The Ancient Mariner</i>
+proposed to recast <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>. It is, alas!
+impossible for posterity to know this, although it is not difficult
+to conjecture the line which the alterations would take.
+Wordsworth's genius was not great in construction, as in imagination;
+and he valued a story only as giving him a "point
+of departure" for a flight of fancy or of idealization. Early in
+1808 he wrote to Walter Scott asking him for facts about the
+Norton family. Scott supplied him with them, and the following
+was Wordsworth's reply.</p>
+
+<p class="quotdate">
+"<span class="smcap">Grasmere</span>, May 14, 1808.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="indentsm">"<span class="smcap">My dear Scott</span>&mdash;Thank you for the interesting particulars
+about the Nortons. I like them much for their own
+sakes; but so far from being serviceable to my poem, they
+would stand in the way of it, as I have followed (as I was in
+duty bound to do) the traditionary and common historic account.
+Therefore I shall say, in this case, a plague upon your industrious
+antiquarians, that have put my fine story to confusion."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From the "advertisement" which Wordsworth prefixed to
+his edition of 1815, I infer that the larger part of the poem
+was written at Stockton. In it he says that "the Poem of
+<a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a> was composed at the close of the year" (1807).
+This is an illustration of the vague manner in which he was
+in the habit of assigning dates. The Fenwick note, and the
+evidence of his sister's letter, is conclusive; although the fact
+that <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer</i></a>&mdash;written in 1807&mdash;is called in
+the Fenwick note "an appendage to <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a>," is
+further confirmation of the belief that the principal part of
+the latter poem was finished in 1807. All things considered,
+<a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a> may be most conveniently placed
+after the poems belonging to the year 1807, and before those<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span>
+known to have been written in 1808; while <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of
+Prayer</i></a> naturally follows it.</p>
+
+<p>The poem&mdash;first published in quarto in 1815&mdash;was scarcely
+altered in the editions of 1820, 1827, and 1832. In 1837,
+however, it was revised throughout, and in that year the text
+was virtually settled; the subsequent changes being few and
+insignificant, while those introduced in 1837 were numerous
+and important. A glance at the foot-notes will show that
+many passages were entirely rewritten in that year, and that
+a good many lines of the earlier text were altogether omitted.
+All the poems were subjected to minute revision in 1836-37;
+but few, if any, were more thoroughly recast, and improved,
+in that year than <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>. As a sample
+of the best kind of changes&mdash;where a new thought was added
+to the earlier text with admirable felicity&mdash;compare the lines
+in canto vii., as it stood in 1815, when the Lady Emily
+first saw the White Doe at the old Hall of Rylstone, after her
+terrible losses and desolation&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Lone Sufferer! will not she believe</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The promise in that speaking face,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And take this gift of Heaven with grace?</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>with the additional thought conveyed in the version of 1837&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Lone Sufferer! will not she believe</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The promise in that speaking face;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And welcome, as a gift of grace,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The saddest thought the Creature brings?</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the "Reminiscences" of Wordsworth&mdash;written by the Hon.
+Mr. Justice Coleridge for the late Bishop of Lincoln's <i>Memoirs</i>
+of his uncle&mdash;the following occurs. (See vol. ii. p. 311.)
+"His conversation was on critical subjects, arising out of his
+attempts to alter his poems. He said he considered <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White
+Doe</i></a> as, in conception, the highest work he had ever produced.
+The mere physical action was all unsuccessful: but the true
+action of the poem was spiritual&mdash;the subduing of the will,
+and all inferior fancies, to the perfect purifying and spiritualizing
+of the intellectual nature; while the Doe, by connection
+with Emily, is raised as it were from its mere animal nature
+into something mysterious and saint-like. He said he should
+devote much labour to perfecting the execution of it in the
+mere business parts, in which, from anxiety 'to get on' with
+the more important parts, he was sensible that imperfections
+had crept in which gave the style a feebleness of character."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span>From this conversation&mdash;which took place in 1836&mdash;it will
+be seen that Wordsworth knew very well that there were feeble
+passages in the earlier editions; and that, in the thorough
+revision which he gave to all his poems in 1836-37, this one was
+specially singled out for "much labour." The result is seen
+by a glance at the changes of the text.</p>
+
+<p>The notes appended by Wordsworth to the edition of 1815
+explain some of the historical and topographical allusions in the
+poem. To these the following editorial notes may be added&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">I. (See pp. <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>... Bolton's mouldering Priory.</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2" style="letter-spacing: 2em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;</span><br />
+<span class="i9"><i>... the tower</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Is standing with a voice of power,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2" style="letter-spacing: 2em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;</span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>And in the shattered fabric's heart</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Remaineth one protected part;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Closely embowered and trimly drest.</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>In 1153, the canons of the Augustinian Priory at Embsay,
+near Skipton, were removed to Bolton, by William Fitz Duncan,
+and his wife, Cecilia de Romillé, who granted it by charter
+in exchange for the Manors of Skibdem and Stretton. The
+establishment at Bolton consisted of a prior and about 15
+canons, over 200 persons (including servants and lay brethren)
+being supported at Bolton. During the Scottish raids of the
+fourteenth century, the prior and canons had frequently to
+retreat to Skipton for safety. In 1542 the site of the priory
+and demesnes were sold to Harry Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland.
+From the last Earl of Cumberland it passed to the
+second Earl of Cork, and then to the Devonshire family, to
+which it still belongs. The following is part of the excellent
+account of the Priory, given in Murray's <i>Yorkshire</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"The chief relic of the Priory is the church, the nave of
+which after the Dissolution was retained as the chapel of this
+so-called 'Saxon-Cure.' This nave remains perfect, but the
+rest of the church is in complete ruin. The lower walls of the
+choir are Trans-Norman, and must have been built immediately
+after (if not before) the removal from Embsay. The upper
+walls and windows (the tracery of which is destroyed) are
+decorated. The nave is early English, and decorated; and
+the original west front remains with an elaborate Perpendicular<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span>
+front of excellent design, intended as the base of a western
+tower, which was never finished.... The nave (which has
+been restored under the direction of Crace)&mdash;the</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3h">... "'One protected part</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In the shattered fabric's heart,'</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>is Early English on the south side, and Decorated on the
+north.... At the end of the nave aisle, enclosed by a
+Perpendicular screen, is a chantry, founded by the Mauleverers;
+and below it is the vault, in which, according to tradition,
+the Claphams of Beamsley and their ancestors the Mauleverers
+were interred upright&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"'Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And, through the chink in the fractured floor</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Look down, and see a griesly sight;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A vault where the bodies are buried upright!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">There, face by face, and hand by hand,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The Claphams and Mauleverers stand.'</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"Whitaker, however, could never see this 'griesly sight' through
+the chink in the floor; and it is perhaps altogether traditional.
+The ruined portion of the church is entirely Decorated, with
+the exception of the lower walls of the choir. The transepts
+had eastern aisles. The north transept is nearly perfect: the
+south retains only its western wall, in which are two decorated
+windows. The piers of a central tower remain; but at what
+period it was destroyed, or if it was ever completed, is uncertain.
+The choir is long and aisleless. Some fragments of
+tracery remain in the south window, which was a very fine
+one. Below the window runs a Transitional Norman arcade.
+Some portions of tomb-slabs remain in the choir.... The
+church-yard lies on the north side of the ruins. This has been
+made classic ground by Wordsworth's poem."</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">II. (See <a href="#Page_118">p. 118</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i10"><i>... the shy recess</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Of Barden's lowly quietness.</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Compare the poem <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer, or the Founding of
+Bolton Priory</i>, p. 204</a>. Whitaker writes thus of the district of
+Upper Wharfedale at Barden. "Grey tower-like projections of
+rock, stained with the various hues of lichens, and hung with
+loose and streaming canopies of ling, start out at intervals."
+Before the restoration of Henry Clifford, the Shepherd-lord,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span>
+to the estates of his ancestors&mdash;on the accession of Henry
+VII.&mdash;there was only a keeper's lodge or tower at Barden,
+"one of six which existed in different parts of Barden Forest.
+The Shepherd-lord, whose early life among the Cumberland
+Fells led him to seek quiet and retirement after his restoration,
+preferred Barden to his greater castles, and enlarged
+(or rather rebuilt) it so as to provide accommodation for a
+moderate train of attendants."</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">III. (See <a href="#Page_121">p. 121</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3"><i>It was the time when England's Queen</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2" style="letter-spacing: 2em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;</span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>But now the inly-working North</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Was ripe to send its thousands forth,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>A potent vassalage, to fight</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>In Percy's and in Neville's right,</i> etc.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The circumstances which led to the Rising in the North,
+and the chief incidents of that unfortunate episode in English
+history, are traced in detail by Mr. Froude, in the fifty-third
+chapter of his <i>History of England</i>. They are also summarized,
+in a lecture on <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>, by the late Principal
+Shairp, in his <i>Aspects of Poetry</i>, from which the following
+passage is an extract (pp. 346-48).</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"The incidents on which the <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>White Doe</i></a> is founded belong
+to the year 1569, the twelfth of Queen Elizabeth.</p>
+
+<p>"It is well known that as soon as Queen Mary of Scotland
+was imprisoned in England, she became the centre around
+which gathered all the intrigues which were then on foot,
+not only in England but throughout Catholic Europe, to dethrone
+the Protestant Queen Elizabeth. Abroad, the Catholic world
+was collecting all its strength to crush the heretical island.
+The bigot Pope, Pius V., with the dark intriguer, Philip II.
+of Spain, and the savage Duke of Alva, were ready to pour
+their forces on the shores of England.</p>
+
+<p>"At home, a secret negotiation for a marriage between
+Queen Mary and the Duke of Norfolk had received the approval
+of many of the chief English nobles. The Queen discovered
+the plot, threw Norfolk and some of his friends into the Tower,
+and summoned Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Neville,
+Earl of Westmoreland, immediately to appear at court. These<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span>
+two earls were known to be holding secret communications with
+Mary, and longing to see the old faith restored.</p>
+
+<p>"On receiving the summons, Northumberland at once withdrew
+to Brancepeth Castle, a stronghold of the Earl of Westmoreland.
+Straightway all their vassals rose, and gathered
+round the two great earls. The whole of the North was in
+arms. A proclamation went forth that they intended to restore
+the ancient religion, to settle the succession to the crown, and
+to prevent the destruction of the old nobility. As they marched
+forward they were joined by all the strength of the Yorkshire
+dales, and, among others, by a gentleman of ancient name,
+Richard Norton, accompanied by eight brave sons. He came
+bearing the common banner, called the Banner of the Five
+Wounds, because on it was displayed the Cross with the five
+wounds of our Lord. The insurgents entered Durham, tore the
+Bible, caused mass to be said in the cathedral, and then set
+forward as for York. Changing their purpose on the way, they
+turned aside to lay siege to Barnard Castle, which was held by
+Sir George Bowes for the Queen. While they lingered there
+for eleven days, Sussex marched against them from York, and
+the earls, losing heart, retired towards the Border, and disbanded
+their forces, which were left to the vengeance of the
+enemy, while they themselves sought refuge in Scotland.
+Northumberland, after a confinement of several years in Loch
+Leven Castle, was betrayed by the Scots to the English, and
+put to death. Westmoreland died an exile in Flanders, the
+last of the ancient house of the Nevilles, earls of Westmoreland.
+Norton, with his eight sons, fell into the hands of Sussex, and
+all suffered death at York. It is the fate of this ancient family
+on which Wordsworth's poem is founded."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This statement as to the fate of Norton's sons, however, is
+not borne out by the historians. Mr. Froude says (<i>History of
+England</i>, chap. 53), "Two sons of old Norton and two of his
+brothers, after long and close cross-questioning in the Tower,
+were tried and convicted at Westminster. Two of these
+Nortons were afterwards pardoned. Two, one of whom was
+Christopher, the poor youth who had been bewildered by the
+fair eyes of the Queen of Scots at Bolton, were put to death at
+Tyburn, with the usual cruelties."</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">IV. (See <a href="#Page_127">p. 127</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>For we must fall, both we and ours&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall&mdash;</i></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Our fate is theirs, will reach them all.</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Little now remains of Rylstone Hall but the site. "Some
+garden flowers still, as when Whitaker wrote, mark the site of
+the pleasaunce. The house fell into decay immediately after
+the attainder of the Nortons; and, with the estates here,
+remained in the hands of the Crown until the second year of
+James I., when they were granted to the Earl of Cumberland.
+Although Wordsworth makes the Nortons raise their famous
+banner here, they assembled their followers in fact at Ripon
+(November 18, 1569), but their Rylstone tenants rose with them."</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">V. (See <a href="#Page_137">p. 137</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>Until Lord Dacre with his power</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>From Naworth come; and Howard's aid</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Be with them openly displayed.</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Naworth Castle, at the head of the vale of Llanercort, in the
+Gilsland district of Cumberland, was the seat of the Dacres from
+the reign of Edward III. George, Lord Dacre, the last heir-male
+of that family, was killed in 1559; and Lord William
+Howard (the third son of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk), who was
+made Warden of the Borders by Queen Elizabeth, and did much
+to introduce order and good government into the district,
+married the heiress of the Dacre family, and succeeded to the
+castle and estate of Naworth. The arms over the entrance of
+the castle are the Howard's and Dacre's quartered.</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">VI. (See <a href="#Page_137">p. 137</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3"><i>... mitred Thurston&mdash;what a Host</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>He conquered!....</i></span><br />
+<span class="i9h"><i>... while to battle moved</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>The Standard, on the Sacred Wain</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>That bore it....</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The Battle of the Standard was fought in 1137.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"One gleam of national glory broke the darkness of the
+time. King David of Scotland stood first among the partizans
+of his kinswoman Matilda, and on the accession of Stephen his
+army crossed the border to enforce her claim. The pillage and
+cruelties of the wild tribes of Galloway and the Highlands
+roused the spirit of the north; baron and freeman gathered at
+York round Archbishop Thurstan, and marched to the field of
+Northallerton to await the foe. The sacred banners of St.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span>
+Cuthbert of Durham, St. Peter of York, St. John of Beverley,
+and St. Wilfrid of Ripon, hung from a pole fixed in a four-wheeled
+car, which stood in the centre of the host. 'I who
+wear no armour,' shouted the chief of the Galwegians, 'will go
+as far this day as any one with breastplate of mail;' his men
+charged with wild shouts of 'Albin, Albin,' and were followed
+by the Norman knighthood of the Lowlands. The rout, however,
+was complete; the fierce hordes dashed in vain against
+the close English ranks around the Standard, and the whole
+army fled in confusion to Carlisle." (J. R. Green's <i>Short
+History of the English People</i>, p. 99.)</p>
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">VII. (See <a href="#Page_153">p. 153</a>.)<br /></span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><i>High on a point of rugged ground</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Above the loftiest ridge or mound</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Where foresters or shepherds dwell,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>An edifice of warlike frame</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Stands single&mdash;Norton Tower its name&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>It fronts all quarters, and looks round</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>O'er path and road, and plain and dell,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream</i></span><br />
+<span class="i2"><i>Upon a prospect without bound.</i></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Some mounds near the tower are thought to have been
+used as butts for archers; and there are traces of a strong wall,
+running from the tower to the edge of a deep glen, whence
+a ditch runs to another ravine. This was once a pond, used
+by the Nortons for detaining the red deer within the township
+of Rylstone, which they asserted was not within the forest of
+Skipton, and consequently that the Cliffords had no right to
+hunt therein. The Cliffords eventually became lords of all the
+Norton lands here."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>In January 1816, Wordsworth wrote thus to his friend
+Archdeacon Wrangham.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a> I have little to say, but that I hope
+it will be acceptable to the intelligent, for whom alone it is
+written. It starts from a high point of imagination, and comes
+round, through various wanderings of that faculty, to a still
+higher&mdash;nothing less than the apotheosis of the animal who
+gives the first of the two titles to the poem. And as the poem
+thus begins and ends with pure and lofty imagination, every
+motive and impetus that actuates the persons introduced is from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span>
+the same source; a kindred spirit pervades, and is intended to
+harmonise, the whole. Throughout objects (the banner, for
+instance) derive their influence, not from properties inherent in
+them, not from what they <i>are</i> actually in themselves, but from
+such as are <i>bestowed</i> upon them by the minds of those who are
+conversant with, or affected by, these objects. Thus the poetry,
+if there be any in the work, proceeds, as it ought to do, from
+the <i>soul of man</i>, communicating its creative energies to the
+images of the external world."</p>
+
+<p>The following is from a letter to Southey in the same year:&mdash;"Do
+you know who reviewed <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe</i></a> in the
+'Quarterly'? After having asserted that Mr. W. uses his words
+without any regard to their sense, the writer says that on no other
+principle can he explain that Emily is <i>always</i> called 'the
+consecrated Emily.' Now, the name Emily occurs just fifteen
+times in the poem; and out of these fifteen, the epithet is
+attached to it <i>once</i>, and that for the express purpose of recalling
+the scene in which she had been consecrated by her brother's
+solemn adjuration, that she would fulfil her destiny, and become
+a soul,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"'By force of sorrows high</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Uplifted to the purest sky</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Of undisturbed mortality.'</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The point upon which the whole moral interest of the piece
+hinges, when that speech is closed, occurs in this line,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"'He kissed the consecrated Maid;'</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>And to bring back this to the reader, I repeated the epithet."</p>
+
+<p>In a letter to Wordsworth about <i>The Waggoner</i>, Charles
+Lamb wrote, June 7, 1819, "I re-read <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of
+Rylstone</i></a>; the title should be always written at length, as
+Mary Sabilla Novello, a very nice woman of our acquaintance,
+always signs hers at the bottom of the shortest note.... Manning
+had just sent it home, and it came as fresh to me as the
+immortal creature it speaks of. M. sent it home with a note,
+having this passage in it: 'I cannot help writing to you while I
+am reading Wordsworth's poem.... 'Tis broad, noble, poetical,
+with a masterly scanning of human actions, absolutely above
+common readers.'" (See <i>The Letters of Charles Lamb</i>, edited
+by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. pp. 25, 26.)</p>
+
+<p>Henry Crabb Robinson's judgment, as given in his <i>Diary</i>,
+June 1815, is interesting. (See vol. i. p. 484.)</p>
+
+<p>The following is from Principal Shairp's estimate of <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The
+White Doe of Rylstone</i></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> in his Oxford Lectures, <i>Aspects of Poetry</i>
+(chapter xii. pp. 373-76). "What is it that gives to it" (the
+poem) "its chief power and charm? Is it not the imaginative
+use which the poet has made of the White Doe? With her
+appearance the poem opens, with her re-appearance it closes.
+And the passages in which she is introduced are radiant with
+the purest light of poetry. A mere floating tradition she was,
+which the historian of Craven had preserved. How much does
+the poet bring out of how little! It was a high stroke of genius
+to seize on this slight traditionary incident, and make it the
+organ of so much. What were the objects which he had to
+describe and blend into one harmonious whole. They were
+these:</p>
+
+<p>"1. The last expiring gleam of feudal chivalry, ending in
+the ruin of an ancient race, and the desolation of an ancestral
+home.</p>
+
+<p>"2. The sole survivor, purified and exalted by the sufferings
+she had to undergo.</p>
+
+<p>"3. The pathos of the decaying sanctities of Bolton, after
+wrong and outrage, abandoned to the healing of nature and time.</p>
+
+<p>"4. Lastly, the beautiful scenery of pastoral Wharfdale,
+and of the fells around Bolton, which blend so well with these
+affecting memories.</p>
+
+<p>"All these were before him&mdash;they had melted into his
+imagination, and waited to be woven into one harmonious
+creation. He takes the White Doe, and makes her the exponent,
+the symbol, the embodiment of them all. The one central aim&mdash;to
+represent the beatification of the heroine&mdash;how was this to
+be attained? Had it been a drama, the poet would have made
+the heroine give forth in speeches, her hidden mind and character.
+But this was a romantic narrative. Was the poet to make her
+soliloquise, analyse her own feelings, lay bare her heart in
+metaphysical monologue? This might have been done by some
+modern poets, but it was not Wordsworth's way of exhibiting
+character, reflective though he was. When he analyses feelings
+they are generally his own, not those of his characters. To
+shadow forth that which is invisible, the sanctity of Emily's
+chastened soul, he lays hold of this sensible image&mdash;a creature,
+the purest, most innocent, most beautiful in the whole realm of
+nature&mdash;and makes her the vehicle in which he embodies the
+saintliness which is a thing invisible. It is the hardest of all
+tasks to make spiritual things sensuous, without degrading them.
+I know not where this difficulty has been more happily met;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span>
+for we are made to feel that, before the poem closes, the Doe
+has ceased to be a mere animal, or a physical creature at all, but
+in the light of the poet's imagination, has been transfigured into
+a heavenly apparition&mdash;a type of all that is pure, and affecting,
+and saintly. And not only the chastened soul of her mistress,
+but the beautiful Priory of Bolton, the whole Vale of Wharfe,
+and all the surrounding scenery, are illumined by the glory
+which she makes; her presence irradiates them all with a beauty
+and an interest more than the eye discovers. Seen through
+her as an imaginative transparency, they become spiritualized;
+in fact, she and they alike become the symbol and expression
+of the sentiment which pervades the poem&mdash;a sentiment broad
+and deep as the world. And yet, any one who visits these
+scenes, in a mellow autumnal day, will feel that she is no alien
+or adventitious image, imported by the caprice of the poet, but
+altogether native to the place, one which gathers up and concentrates
+all the undefined spirit and sentiment which lie spread
+around it. She both glorifies the scenery by her presence, and
+herself seems to be a natural growth of the scenery, so that it
+finds in her its most appropriate utterance. This power of
+imagination to divine and project the very corporeal image
+which suits and expresses the image of a scene, Wordsworth
+has many times shown....</p>
+
+<p>"And so the poem has no definite end, but passes off, as it
+were, into the illimitable. It rises out of the perturbations of
+time and transitory things, and, passing upward itself, takes
+our thoughts with it to calm places and eternal sunshine."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_192" id="Footnote_1_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_192"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... born of heavenly birth,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_193" id="Footnote_2_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_193"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... which ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_194" id="Footnote_3_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_194"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... is ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_195" id="Footnote_4_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_195"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... of the crystal Wharf,        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_196" id="Footnote_5_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_196"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A rural Chapel, neatly drest,</span><br />
+<span class="var">In covert like a little nest;          <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_197" id="Footnote_6_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_197"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And faith and hope are in their prime,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_198" id="Footnote_7_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_198"><span class="label">[7]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And right across the verdant sod</span><br />
+<span class="var">Towards the very house of God;</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_199" id="Footnote_8_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_199"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A gift ...          <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_200" id="Footnote_9_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_200"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Is through ...          <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_201" id="Footnote_10_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_201"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... she no less</span><br />
+<span class="var">To the open day gives blessedness.  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_202" id="Footnote_11_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_202"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var8h">... hand of healing,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The altar, whence the cross was rent,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Now rich with mossy ornament,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The dormitory's length laid bare,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Where the wild-rose blossoms fair;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And sapling ash, whose place of birth</span><br />
+<span class="var">Is that lordly chamber's hearth? <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For altar, ...   <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or dormitory's length ... <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_203" id="Footnote_12_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_203"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Methinks she passeth by the sight,   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_204" id="Footnote_13_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_204"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And in this way she fares, till at last   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_205" id="Footnote_14_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_205"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Gently ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_206" id="Footnote_15_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_206"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Like the river in its flowing;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Can there be a softer sound?        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_207" id="Footnote_16_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_207"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;When now again the people rear</span><br />
+<span class="var">A voice of praise, with awful chear!      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_208" id="Footnote_17_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_208"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Turn, with obeisance gladly paid,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Towards the spot, where, full in view,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The lovely Doe of whitest hue,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_209" id="Footnote_18_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_209"><span class="label">[18]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">This whisper soft repeats what he</span><br />
+<span class="var">Had known from early infancy.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+In the editions of 1815 to 1832 the paragraph begins with these
+lines.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_210" id="Footnote_19_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_210"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... is ...          <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_211" id="Footnote_20_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_211"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Who in his youth had often fed    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... hath ...        <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_212" id="Footnote_21_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_212"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And lately hath brought home the scars</span><br />
+<span class="var">Gathered in long and distant wars&mdash;   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_213" id="Footnote_22_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_213"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... hath mounted ...    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_214" id="Footnote_23_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_214"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... when God's grace</span><br />
+<span class="var">At length had in her heart found place,  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_215" id="Footnote_24_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_215"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Well may her thoughts be harsh; for she</span><br />
+<span class="var">Numbers among her ancestry <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_216" id="Footnote_25_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_216"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Cumbria's ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_217" id="Footnote_26_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_217"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... humble ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_218" id="Footnote_27_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_218"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... through strong desire</span><br />
+<span class="var">Searching the earth with chemic fire:   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_219" id="Footnote_28_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_219"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> These two lines were added in the edition of 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_220" id="Footnote_29_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_220"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">By busy dreams, and fancies wild; <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_221" id="Footnote_30_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_221"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> 1840.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Thou hast breeze-like visitings;</span><br />
+<span class="var">For a Spirit with angel wings</span><br />
+<span class="var">Hath touched thee, ...  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Spirit, with angelic wings,</span><br />
+<span class="var">In soft and breeze-like visitings,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Has touched thee&mdash; ...  <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Spirit, with his angelic wings,<span class="yearnum"><span class="allcapsc">C.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_222" id="Footnote_31_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_222"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... &mdash;'twas She who wrought  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_223" id="Footnote_32_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_223"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... the ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_224" id="Footnote_33_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_224"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... one that did fulfil  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_225" id="Footnote_34_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_225"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... (such was the command)   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_226" id="Footnote_35_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_226"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To be by force of arms renewed;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Glad prospect for the multitude!       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To be triumphantly restored;</span><br />
+<span class="var">By the dread justice of the sword!      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_227" id="Footnote_36_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_227"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This ...         <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_228" id="Footnote_37_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_228"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... blissful ...        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_229" id="Footnote_38_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_229"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Loud noise was in the crowded hall,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_230" id="Footnote_39_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_230"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... which had a dying fall,         <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_231" id="Footnote_40_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_231"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And on ...         <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_232" id="Footnote_41_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_232"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... wet ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_233" id="Footnote_42_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_233"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Then seized the staff, and thus did say: <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_234" id="Footnote_43_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_234"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">Forth when Sire and Sons appeared</span><br />
+<span class="var">A gratulating shout was reared,</span><br />
+<span class="var">With din ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_235" id="Footnote_44_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_235"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;A shout ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_236" id="Footnote_45_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_236"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And, when he waked at length, his eye <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_237" id="Footnote_46_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_237"><span class="label">[46]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Oh! hide them from each other, hide,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Kind Heaven, this pair severely tried!</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.<br />
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_238" id="Footnote_47_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_238"><span class="label">[47]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">How could he chuse but shrink or sigh?</span><br />
+<span class="var">He shrunk, and muttered inwardly,</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_239" id="Footnote_48_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_239"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">He paused, her silence to partake,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And long it was before he spake:</span><br />
+<span class="var">Then, all at once, his thoughts turned round, <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_240" id="Footnote_49_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_240"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... were beloved,  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_241" id="Footnote_50_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_241"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> This line was added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_242" id="Footnote_51_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_242"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Was He, ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_243" id="Footnote_52_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_243"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I, in the right ...  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_244" id="Footnote_53_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_244"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to stand against ...  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_245" id="Footnote_54_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_245"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Thee, chiefly thee, ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_246" id="Footnote_55_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_246"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The last leaf which by heaven's decree</span><br />
+<span class="var">Must hang upon a blasted tree;   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_247" id="Footnote_56_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_247"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... we have breathed ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_248" id="Footnote_57_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_248"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... he pursued,    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_249" id="Footnote_58_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_249"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Now joy for you and sudden chear,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Ye Watchmen upon Brancepeth Towers;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Looking forth in doubt and fear,    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_250" id="Footnote_59_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_250"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Forthwith the armed Company   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_251" id="Footnote_60_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_251"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... hail ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_252" id="Footnote_61_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_252"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... the mildest birth,    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_253" id="Footnote_62_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_253"><span class="label">[62]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With tumult and indignant rout</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_254" id="Footnote_63_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_254"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Came Foot and Horse-men of each degree, <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_255" id="Footnote_64_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_255"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And the Romish Priest, ...   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_256" id="Footnote_65_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_256"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But none for undisputed worth    <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_257" id="Footnote_66_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_257"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Like those eight Sons&mdash;embosoming</span><br />
+<span class="var">Determined thoughts&mdash;who, in a ring   <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_258" id="Footnote_67_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_258"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> This line was added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_259" id="Footnote_68_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_259"><span class="label">[68]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">In youthful beauty flourishing,</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815 and 1820.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_260" id="Footnote_69_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_260"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;With feet that firmly pressed the ground</span><br />
+<span class="var">They stood, and girt their Father round;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Such was his choice,&mdash;no Steed will he  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_261" id="Footnote_70_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_261"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He stood upon the verdant sod,   <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... grassy sod,      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_262" id="Footnote_71_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_262"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... higher ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_263" id="Footnote_72_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_263"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Rich ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_264" id="Footnote_73_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_264"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... &mdash;many see, ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_265" id="Footnote_74_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_265"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... these ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_266" id="Footnote_75_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_266"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... on ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_267" id="Footnote_76_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_267"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He takes this day ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_268" id="Footnote_77_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_268"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Stretched out upon the ground he lies,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">As if it were his only task</span><br />
+<span class="var">Like Herdsman in the sun to bask,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_269" id="Footnote_78_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_269"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">That he ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_270" id="Footnote_79_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_270"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And Neville was opprest with fear;</span><br />
+<span class="var">For, though he bore a valiant name,</span><br />
+<span class="var">His heart was of a timid frame,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_271" id="Footnote_80_271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_271"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And therefore will retreat to seize      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_272" id="Footnote_81_272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_272"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... comes; ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_273" id="Footnote_82_273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_273"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... giving ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_274" id="Footnote_83_274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_274"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;How often hath the strength of heaven  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_275" id="Footnote_84_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_275"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var7hz">... on the sacred wain,</span><br />
+<span class="var">On which the grey-haired Barons stood,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And the infant Heir of Mowbray's blood.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Beneath the saintly Ensigns three,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Their confidence and victory!      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Stood confident of victory!      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_276" id="Footnote_85_276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_276"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">When, as the Vision gave command,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Prior of Durham with holy hand</span><br />
+<span class="var">Saint Cuthbert's Relic did uprear</span><br />
+<span class="var">Upon the point of a lofty spear,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And God descended in his power,</span><br />
+<span class="var">While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower. <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_277" id="Footnote_86_277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_277"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var13">... and uphold."&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">&mdash;The Chiefs were by his zeal confounded, <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_278" id="Footnote_87_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_278"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... raised so joyfully,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_279" id="Footnote_88_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_279"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> This line was added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_280" id="Footnote_89_280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_280"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... frail ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_281" id="Footnote_90_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_281"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;So speaking, he upraised his head</span><br />
+<span class="var">Towards that Imagery once more;  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_282" id="Footnote_91_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_282"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Blank fear, ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_283" id="Footnote_92_283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_283"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">She did in passiveness obey,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_284" id="Footnote_93_284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_284"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Her Brother was it who assailed</span><br />
+<span class="var">Her tender spirit and prevailed.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Her other Parent, too, whose head      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_285" id="Footnote_94_285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_285"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">From reason's earliest dawn beguiled</span><br />
+<span class="var">The docile, unsuspecting Child:      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_286" id="Footnote_95_286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_286"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var11h">... music sweet</span><br />
+<span class="var">Was played to chear them in retreat;</span><br />
+<span class="var">But Norton lingered in the rear:</span><br />
+<span class="var">Thought followed thought&mdash;and ere the last</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of that unhappy train was past,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Before him Francis did appear.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_287" id="Footnote_96_287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_287"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">"Now when 'tis not your aim to oppose,"</span><br />
+<span class="var">Said he, "in open field your Foes;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Now that from this decisive day</span><br />
+<span class="var">Your multitude must melt away,</span><br />
+<span class="var">An unarmed Man may come unblamed;</span><br />
+<span class="var">To ask a grace, that was not claimed</span><br />
+<span class="var">Long as your hopes were high, he now</span><br />
+<span class="var">May hither bring a fearless brow;</span><br />
+<span class="var">When his discountenance can do</span><br />
+<span class="var">No injury,&mdash;may come to you.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Though in your cause no part I bear,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Your indignation I can share;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Am grieved this backward march to see,</span><br />
+<span class="var">How careless and disorderly!</span><br />
+<span class="var">I scorn your Chieftains, Men who lead,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And yet want courage at their need;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Then look at them with open eyes!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Deserve they further sacrifice?</span><br />
+<span class="var">My Father!..."      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_288" id="Footnote_97_288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_288"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... remains ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_289" id="Footnote_98_289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_289"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">At length, the issue of this prayer?</span><br />
+<span class="var">Or how, from his depression raised,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Father on his Son had gazed;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_290" id="Footnote_99_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_290"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Suffice it that the Son gave way,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Nor strove that passion to allay,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_291" id="Footnote_100_291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_291"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The like endeavours      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_292" id="Footnote_101_292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_292"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">From cloudless ether looking down,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Moon, this tranquil evening, sees       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_293" id="Footnote_102_293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_293"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... with moors between,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Hill-tops, and floods, and forests green,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_294" id="Footnote_103_294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_294"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The silver smoke, and mounts in wreaths.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_295" id="Footnote_104_295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_295"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Had ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_105_296" id="Footnote_105_296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_296"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The same fair Creature which was nigh</span><br />
+<span class="var">Feeding in tranquillity,</span><br />
+<span class="var">When Francis uttered to the Maid      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... who was nigh      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_106_297" id="Footnote_106_297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_297"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> Lines 40-43 were added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_107_298" id="Footnote_107_298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_298"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> 1836.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">But where at this still hour is she,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The consecrated Emily?</span><br />
+<span class="var">Even while I speak, behold the Maid</span><br />
+<span class="var">Emerging from the cedar shade      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_108_299" id="Footnote_108_299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_299"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> In the editions of 1815 to 1832, the paragraph ends with this
+line. The remaining nine lines in these editions are added to the
+following paragraph.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_109_300" id="Footnote_109_300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_300"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">Yet the meek Creature was not free,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Erewhile, from some perplexity:</span><br />
+<span class="var">For thrice hath she approached, this day,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The thought-bewildered Emily;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Endeavouring, in her gentle way,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Some smile or look of love to gain,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Encouragement to sport or play;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Attempts which by the unhappy Maid</span><br />
+<span class="var">Have all been slighted or gainsaid.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_110_301" id="Footnote_110_301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_301"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;O welcome to the viewless breeze!</span><br />
+<span class="var">'Tis fraught with acceptable feeling,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And instantaneous sympathies</span><br />
+<span class="var">Into the Sufferer's bosom stealing;&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Yet is she soothed: the viewless breeze</span><br />
+<span class="var">Comes fraught with kindlier sympathies:</span><br />
+<span class="var">Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Ere she had reached ...      <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_111_302" id="Footnote_111_302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_302"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Revives ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_112_303" id="Footnote_112_303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_303"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... &mdash;'tis that bless'd Saint      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_113_304" id="Footnote_113_304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_304"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Thou Spirit ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_114_305" id="Footnote_114_305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_305"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Descend on Francis:&mdash;through the air</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of this sad earth to him repair,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Speak to him with a voice, and say,</span><br />
+<span class="var">"That he must cast despair away!"      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_115_306" id="Footnote_115_306"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_115_306"><span class="label">[115]</span></a>
+<i>Italics</i> and capitals were first used in the edition of 1820.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_116_307" id="Footnote_116_307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_307"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;She knows, she feels it, and is cheared;</span><br />
+<span class="var">At least her present pangs are checked.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_117_308" id="Footnote_117_308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_308"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;And now an ancient Man appeared,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Approaching her with grave respect.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Down the smooth walk which then she trod</span><br />
+<span class="var">He paced along the silent sod,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And greeting her thus gently spake,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;But now ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_118_309" id="Footnote_118_309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_309"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">In friendship;&mdash;go&mdash;from him&mdash;from me&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Strive to avert this misery.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_119_310" id="Footnote_119_310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_310"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">&mdash;If prudence offer help or aid,</span><br />
+<span class="var">On <i>you</i> is no restriction laid;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_120_311" id="Footnote_120_311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_311"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">"Hope," said the Sufferer's zealous Friend,</span><br />
+<span class="var">"Must not forsake us till the end.&mdash;        <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_121_312" id="Footnote_121_312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_312"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... may have the skill ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_122_313" id="Footnote_122_313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_313"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Their flight the fair Moon may not see;</span><br />
+<span class="var">For, from mid-heaven, already she      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_123_314" id="Footnote_123_314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_314"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... haughty ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_124_315" id="Footnote_124_315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_315"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> <i>Italics</i> were first used in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_125_316" id="Footnote_125_316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_316"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to the cause.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126_317" id="Footnote_126_317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_317"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">They shout aloud&mdash;but Heaven decreed</span><br />
+<span class="var8">Another close</span><br />
+<span class="var8">To that brave deed</span><br />
+<span class="var">Which struck ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_127_318" id="Footnote_127_318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_318"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... spreads ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_128_319" id="Footnote_128_319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_319"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... and as seldom free      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129_320" id="Footnote_129_320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_320"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And from the heat of the noon-tide sun,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_130_321" id="Footnote_130_321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_321"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">They to the Watch-tower did repair,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Commodious Pleasure-house! and there      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_131_322" id="Footnote_131_322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_322"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He was the proudest ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_132_323" id="Footnote_132_323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_323"><span class="label">[132]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Dead are they, they were doomed to die;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Sons and Father all are dead,</span><br />
+<span class="var">All dead save One; and Emily</span><br />
+<span class="var">No more shall seek this Watch-tower high,</span><br />
+<span class="var">To look far forth with anxious eye,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">She is relieved from hope and dread,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Though suffering in extremity.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted only in the edition of 1815.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_133_324" id="Footnote_133_324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_324"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> <i>Italics</i> were first used in 1820.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_134_325" id="Footnote_134_325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_325"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> 1837. In the editions of 1815-32 the following passage took
+the place of this line:&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">She turned to him, who with his eye</span><br />
+<span class="var">Was watching her while on the height</span><br />
+<span class="var">She sate, or wandered restlessly,</span><br />
+<span class="var">O'erburdened by her sorrow's weight;</span><br />
+<span class="var">To him who this dire news had told,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And now beside the Mourner stood;</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_135_326" id="Footnote_135_326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_326"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Then on this place the Maid had sought:</span><br />
+<span class="var">And told, as gently as could be,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The end of that sad Tragedy,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136_327" id="Footnote_136_327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_327"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> These two lines were added in 1827.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_137_328" id="Footnote_137_328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_328"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... the people cried,       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138_329" id="Footnote_138_329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_329"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For sake of ...       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_139_330" id="Footnote_139_330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_330"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">He rose not in this quarrel, he</span><br />
+<span class="var">His Father and his Brothers wooed,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Both for their own and Country's good,</span><br />
+<span class="var">To rest in peace&mdash;he did divide,       <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140_331" id="Footnote_140_331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_331"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To scatter gleams ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_141_332" id="Footnote_141_332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_332"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var7h">... of ancient love,</span><br />
+<span class="var">But most, compassion for your fate,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Lady! for your forlorn estate,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Me did these move, and I made bold,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And entrance gained to that strong-hold.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var7h">... of ancient love;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And, in your service, I made bold&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And entrance gained to that strong-hold.       <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_142_333" id="Footnote_142_333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_333"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var6h">... 'We need not stop, my Son!</span><br />
+<span class="var">But I will end what is begun;</span><br />
+<span class="var">'Tis matter which I do not fear</span><br />
+<span class="var">To entrust to any living ear.'      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_143_334" id="Footnote_143_334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_334"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Had seen ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_144_335" id="Footnote_144_335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_335"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Glad ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_145_336" id="Footnote_145_336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_336"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... be not      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_146_337" id="Footnote_146_337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_337"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... beauteous      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_147_338" id="Footnote_147_338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_338"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">Then Francis answered fervently,</span><br />
+<span class="var">"If God so will, the same shall be."      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_148_339" id="Footnote_148_339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_339"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Immediately, this solemn word      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_149_340" id="Footnote_149_340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_340"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... had reached the door,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Banner which a Soldier bore,</span><br />
+<span class="var">One marshalled thus with base intent</span><br />
+<span class="var">That he in scorn might go before,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And, holding up this monument,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_150_341" id="Footnote_150_341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_341"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... that were round      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_151_342" id="Footnote_151_342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_342"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This insult, and the Banner saved,</span><br />
+<span class="var">That moment, from among the tide      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_152_343" id="Footnote_152_343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_343"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Bore unobserved ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_153_344" id="Footnote_153_344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_344"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... to encourage ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_154_345" id="Footnote_154_345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_345"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">"Yet, yet in this affliction," said</span><br />
+<span class="var">The old Man to the silent Maid,</span><br />
+<span class="var">"Yet, Lady! heaven is good&mdash;the night</span><br />
+<span class="var">Shews yet a Star which is most bright;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_155_346" id="Footnote_155_346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_346"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Why comes not Francis?&mdash;Joyful chear</span><br />
+<span class="var">In that parental gratulation,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And glow of righteous indignation,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Went with him from the doleful City:&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">He fled&mdash;yet in his flight could hear</span><br />
+<span class="var">The death-sound of the Minster-bell;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_156_347" id="Footnote_156_347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_347"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With motion fleet as winged Dove;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... as a wingèd Dove;      <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_157_348" id="Footnote_157_348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_348"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">An Angel-guest, should he appear.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_158_349" id="Footnote_158_349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_349"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Along the plain of York he passed;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Banner-staff was in his hand,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Imagery concealed from sight,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And cross the expanse, in open flight,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Reckless of what impels or leads,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Unchecked he hurries on;&mdash;nor heeds</span><br />
+<span class="var">The sorrow of the Villages;</span><br />
+<span class="var">From the triumphant cruelties      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Spread by triumphant cruelties      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The sorrow through the Villages,      <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_159_350" id="Footnote_159_350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_350"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And punishment without remorse,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Unchecked he journies&mdash;under law</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of inward occupation strong;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And the first ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_160_351" id="Footnote_160_351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_351"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var9h">... did he maintain</span><br />
+<span class="var">Within himself, and found no rest;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Calm liberty he could not gain;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And yet the service was unblest.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_161_352" id="Footnote_161_352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_352"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Raised self-suspicion which was strong,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Swaying the brave Man to his wrong:      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_162_353" id="Footnote_162_353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_353"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Of all-disposing Providence,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Its will intelligibly shewn,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Finds he the Banner in his hand,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Without a thought to such intent,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Or conscious effort of his own?</span><br />
+<span class="var">And no obstruction to prevent</span><br />
+<span class="var">His Father's wish and last command!</span><br />
+<span class="var">And, thus beset, he heaved a sigh;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Remembering his own prophecy</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of utter desolation, made</span><br />
+<span class="var">To Emily in the yew-tree shade:</span><br />
+<span class="var">He sighed, submitting to the power,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The might of that prophetic hour.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_163_354" id="Footnote_163_354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_354"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var6">... and, on the second day,</span><br />
+<span class="var">He reached a summit whence his eyes      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_164_355" id="Footnote_164_355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_355"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">How Francis had the Banner claimed,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And with that charge had disappeared;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165_356" id="Footnote_165_356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_356"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Behold the Ensign in his hand!      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_166_357" id="Footnote_166_357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_357"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... freight I bear;</span><br />
+<span class="var">It weakens me, my heart hath bled</span><br />
+<span class="var">Till it is weak&mdash;but you beware,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Nor do ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_167_358" id="Footnote_167_358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_358"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Which ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_168_359" id="Footnote_168_359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_359"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... with a Warrior's brow      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_169_360" id="Footnote_169_360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_360"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... had snatched</span><br />
+<span class="var">A spear,&mdash;and with his eyes he watched</span><br />
+<span class="var">Their motions, turning round and round:&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">His weaker hand the Banner held;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And straight by savage zeal impelled</span><br />
+<span class="var">Forth rushed a Pikeman, as if he,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Not without harsh indignity,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Would seize the same:&mdash;instinctively&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">To smite the Offender&mdash;with his lance</span><br />
+<span class="var">Did Francis from the brake advance;</span><br />
+<span class="var">But, from behind, a treacherous wound</span><br />
+<span class="var">Unfeeling, brought him to the ground,</span><br />
+<span class="var">A mortal stroke:&mdash;oh, grief to tell!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Thus, thus, the noble Francis fell:</span><br />
+<span class="var">There did he lie of breath forsaken;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Banner from his grasp was taken,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And borne exultingly away;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And the Body was left on the ground where it lay.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">But not before the warm life-blood</span><br />
+<span class="var">Had tinged with searching overflow,</span><br />
+<span class="var">More deeply tinged the embroidered show</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of His whose side was pierced upon the Rood!      <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 is otherwise identical with the final version of
+1845.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_170_361" id="Footnote_170_361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_361"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> These two lines were added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_171_362" id="Footnote_171_362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_362"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var4">Two days, as many nights, he slept</span><br />
+<span class="var">Alone, unnoticed, and unwept;</span><br />
+<span class="var">For at that time distress and fear</span><br />
+<span class="var">Possessed the Country far and near;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The third day, One, who chanced to pass,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Beheld him stretched upon the grass.</span><br />
+<span class="var">A gentle Forester was he,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And of the Norton Tenantry;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And he had heard that by a Train</span><br />
+<span class="var">Of Horsemen Francis had been slain.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Much was he troubled&mdash;for the Man</span><br />
+<span class="var">Hath recognized his pallid face;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And to the nearest Huts he ran,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And called the People to the place.</span><br />
+<span class="var">&mdash;How desolate is Rylstone-hall!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Such was the instant thought of all;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And if the lonely Lady there</span><br />
+<span class="var">Should be, this sight she cannot bear!</span><br />
+<span class="var">Such thought the Forester express'd,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And all were swayed, and deemed it best</span><br />
+<span class="var">That, if the Priest should yield assent</span><br />
+<span class="var">And join himself to their intent,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_172_363" id="Footnote_172_363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_363"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">That straightway ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_173_364" id="Footnote_173_364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_364"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> 1840.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... on a bier</span><br />
+<span class="var">In decency and humble chear;</span><br />
+<span class="var">And psalms are sung with holy sound.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And psalms they sung&mdash;a holy sound</span><br />
+<span class="var">That hill and vale with sadness hear.      <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_174_365" id="Footnote_174_365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_365"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Tow'rds ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_175_366" id="Footnote_175_366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_366"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... deep ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_176_367" id="Footnote_176_367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_367"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... calm ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_177_368" id="Footnote_177_368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_368"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">The walks and pools neglect hath sown      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_178_369" id="Footnote_178_369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_369"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There is ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_179_370" id="Footnote_179_370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_370"><span class="label">[179]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There seated, may this Maid be seen,</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted in the editions of 1815-1832.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_180_371" id="Footnote_180_371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_371"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... has ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_181_372" id="Footnote_181_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_372"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For, of that band of rushing Deer,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_182_373" id="Footnote_182_373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_373"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... its ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... his ...      <span class="yearnum">1832.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_183_374" id="Footnote_183_374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_374"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var10h">... and more near,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Stopped once again;&mdash;but, as no trace</span><br />
+<span class="var">Was found of any thing to fear,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Even to her feet the Creature came,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_184_375" id="Footnote_184_375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_375"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... choicest ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_185_376" id="Footnote_185_376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_376"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For both a bounteous, fruitful meeting.      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_186_377" id="Footnote_186_377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_377"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And take this gift of Heaven with grace?      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_187_378" id="Footnote_187_378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_378"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> This line was added in 1837.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_188_379" id="Footnote_188_379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_379"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... this ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_189_380" id="Footnote_189_380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_380"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... was there ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_190_381" id="Footnote_190_381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_381"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Did she behold&mdash;saw once again;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_191_382" id="Footnote_191_382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_382"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">So doth the Sufferer deem it good</span><br />
+<span class="var">Even once again this neighbourhood      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_192_383" id="Footnote_192_383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_383"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... writhed      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_193_384" id="Footnote_193_384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_384"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... kindly ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_194_385" id="Footnote_194_385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_385"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... as the whitest ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_195_386" id="Footnote_195_386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_386"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... through an ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_196_387" id="Footnote_196_387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_387"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Did now a very gladness yield</span><br />
+<span class="var">At morning to the dewy field,</span><br />
+<span class="var">While they side by side were straying,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And the Shepherd's pipe was playing;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_197_388" id="Footnote_197_388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_388"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... wandering ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_198_389" id="Footnote_198_389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_389"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Mild, delicious melancholy:      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_199_390" id="Footnote_199_390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_390"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Up doth she climb to Norton Tower,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And thence looks round her far and wide.</span><br />
+<span class="var">Her fate there measures,&mdash;all is stilled,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The feeble hath subdued her heart;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_200_391" id="Footnote_200_391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_391"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This single Creature ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_201_392" id="Footnote_201_392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_392"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">So beautiful the spotless Thrall,</span><br />
+<span class="var">(A lovely Youngling white as foam,)</span><br />
+<span class="var">That it was brought to Rylstone-hall;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Her youngest Brother led it home,</span><br />
+<span class="var">The youngest, then a lusty Boy,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Brought home the prize&mdash;and with what joy!      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_202_393" id="Footnote_202_393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_393"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Nor did she fear in the still moonshine      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... in still moonshine      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_203_394" id="Footnote_203_394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_394"><span class="label">[203]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">For that she came; there oft and long</span><br />
+<span class="var">She sate in meditation strong:      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_204_395" id="Footnote_204_395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_395"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... her ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_205_396" id="Footnote_205_396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_396"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">That ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_206_397" id="Footnote_206_397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_397"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... we frame, ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_398" id="Footnote_A_398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_398"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This is the final form of the "Advertisement" to <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White
+Doe of Rylstone</i></a>. The variations from it, which occur in earlier
+editions, from 1815 onwards, need not be noted. The poem was placed in
+the 1820 edition in volume iii., in 1827 in volume iv., in 1832 in
+volume iii., and in 1836-37 and afterwards in volume iv. of the
+Collected Works.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_399" id="Footnote_B_399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_399"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <i>I.e.</i>, in the small bower in the
+orchard of Dove Cottage, Grasmere.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_400" id="Footnote_C_400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_400"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Compare <i>The Faërie Queene</i>, book <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> canto i. stanza iv. l. 9&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And by her, in a line, a milkewhite lambe she lad.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_401" id="Footnote_D_401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_401"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> See <i>The Faërie Queene</i>, book <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> canto viii. stanza xliv. l. 9&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_402" id="Footnote_E_402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_402"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> The above extract, which, in 1837 and subsequent editions,
+follows the Dedication of the poem to Mrs. Wordsworth, is taken from the
+tragedy of <i>The Borderers</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">III.</span> line 405 (vol. i. p. 187). In the
+prefatory note to <i>The Borderers</i>&mdash;published in 1842&mdash;Wordsworth says he
+would not have made use of these lines in <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a> if
+he could have foreseen the time when he would be induced to publish the
+tragedy. It is signed M. S. in the 1837-43 editions.
+</p><p>
+In a note to the edition of 1837, he says, "'Action is transitory,' etc.
+This and the five lines that follow were either read or recited by me,
+more than thirty years since, to the late Mr. Hazlitt, who quoted some
+expressions in them (imperfectly remembered) in a work of his published
+several years ago."
+</p><p>
+In the quarto edition of 1815 the following lines precede the extract
+from Lord Bacon; and in the edition of 1820 they follow it. In 1827 they
+were transferred to the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>"Weak is the will of Man, his judgement blind;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Remembrance persecutes, and Hope betrays;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Heavy is woe;&mdash;and joy, for human kind,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>A mournful thing, so transient is the blaze!"&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Thus might he paint our lot of mortal days</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Who wants the glorious faculty, assigned</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>To elevate the more-than-reasoning Mind,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>And colour life's dark cloud with orient rays.</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Imagination is that sacred power,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Imagination lofty and refined:</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>'Tis her's to pluck the amaranthine Flower</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Of Faith, and round the Sufferer's temples bind</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>Wreaths that endure affliction's heaviest shower,</i></span><br />
+<span class="i0"><i>And do not shrink from sorrow's keenest wind.</i><span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_403" id="Footnote_F_403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_403"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> See his <i>Essays</i>, XVI., "Of Atheism." Wordsworth's
+quotation is not quite accurate.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_404" id="Footnote_G_404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_404"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> It is to be regretted that at the present day Bolton Abbey
+wants this ornament: but the Poem, according to the imagination of the
+Poet, is composed in Queen Elizabeth's time. "Formerly," says Dr.
+Whitaker, "over the Transept was a tower. This is proved not only from
+the mention of bells at the Dissolution, when they could have had no
+other place, but from the pointed roof of the choir, which must have
+terminated westward, in some building of superior height to the
+ridge."&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_405" id="Footnote_H_405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_405"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> See note I. at the end of the poem, <a href="#Page_196">p. 196</a>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_I_406" id="Footnote_I_406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_406"><span class="label">[I]</span></a> See note I. at the end of the poem, <a href="#Page_196">p. 196</a>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_J_407" id="Footnote_J_407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_407"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> The Nave of the Church having been reserved at the
+Dissolution, for the use of the Saxon Cure, is still a parochial Chapel;
+and, at this day, is as well kept as the neatest English Cathedral.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_K_408" id="Footnote_K_408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_408"><span class="label">[K]</span></a> "At a small distance from the great gateway stood the
+Prior's Oak, which was felled about the year 1720, and sold for 70<i>l.</i>
+According to the price of wood at that time, it could scarcely
+have contained less than 1400 feet of timber."&mdash;W. W. 1815.
+</p><p>
+This note is quoted from Whitaker.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>
+</p><p>
+The place where this Oak tree grew is uncertain. Whitaker says it stood
+"at a small distance from the great gateway." This old entrance or
+gateway to the Abbey was through a part of the modern and now inhabited
+structure of Bolton Hall, under the Tower; and the old sexton at the
+Abbey told me that the tree stood near that gateway, at some distance
+from the ruins of the Abbey.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_L_409" id="Footnote_L_409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_L_409"><span class="label">[L]</span></a> Of Wharfedale at Bolton, Henry Crabb Robinson says, in his
+<i>Diary</i> (September 1818), "This valley has been very little adorned, and
+it needs no other accident to grace it than sunshine."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_M_410" id="Footnote_M_410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_M_410"><span class="label">[M]</span></a> Compare the lines in the sonnet <i>At Furness Abbey</i>
+(composed in 1844)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A soothing spirit follows in the way</span><br />
+<span class="i0">That Nature takes, her counter-work pursuing.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_N_411" id="Footnote_N_411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_N_411"><span class="label">[N]</span></a> Roses still grow plentifully among the ruins, although they
+are not abundant in the district.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_O_412" id="Footnote_O_412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_O_412"><span class="label">[O]</span></a> This is not topographical. No "warrior carved in stone" is
+now to be seen among the ruins of Bolton Abbey, whatever may have been
+the case in 1807; nor can Francis Norton's grave be discovered in the
+Abbey grounds.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_P_413" id="Footnote_P_413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_P_413"><span class="label">[P]</span></a> The detail of this tradition may be found in Dr. Whitaker's
+book, and in the Poem, <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer</i></a>, etc. [<a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA">p. 204</a>].&mdash;W. W.
+1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Q_414" id="Footnote_Q_414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Q_414"><span class="label">[Q]</span></a> Compare <i>The Boy of Egremond</i>, by Samuel Rogers.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_R_415" id="Footnote_R_415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_R_415"><span class="label">[R]</span></a> "At the East end of the North aisle of Bolton Priory Church
+is a chantry belonging to Bethmesly Hall, and a vault, where, according
+to tradition, the Claphams" (who inherited this estate, by the female
+line from the Mauliverers) "were interred upright." John de Clapham, of
+whom this ferocious act is recorded, was a name of great note in his
+time; "he was a vehement partisan of the House of Lancaster, in whom the
+spirit of his chieftains, the Cliffords, seemed to survive."&mdash;W. W.
+1815.
+</p><p>
+This quotation is from Dr. Whitaker's <i>History of the Deanery of
+Craven</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_S_416" id="Footnote_S_416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_S_416"><span class="label">[S]</span></a> In 1868, when this chapel was under restoration, a vault
+was discovered at the eastern end of the north aisle, with evident signs
+of several bodies having been buried upright. On the site of this vault
+the organ is now placed. The chapel was restored by the late Duke of
+Devonshire.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_T_417" id="Footnote_T_417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_T_417"><span class="label">[T]</span></a> In the second volume of Poems published by the author, will
+be found one, entitled, <i>Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle, upon the
+Restoration of Lord Clifford, the Shepherd, to the Estates and Honours
+of his Ancestors</i>. To that Poem is annexed an account of this personage
+[p. 89], chiefly extracted from Burn's and Nicholson's History of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland. It gives me pleasure to add these further
+particulars concerning him from Dr. Whitaker, who says, "he retired to
+the solitude of Barden, where he seems to have enlarged the tower out of
+a common keeper's lodge, and where he found a retreat equally favourable
+to taste, to instruction, and to devotion. The narrow limits of his
+residence shew that he had learned to despise the pomp of greatness, and
+that a small train of servants could suffice him, who had lived to the
+age of thirty a servant himself. I think this nobleman resided here
+almost entirely when in Yorkshire, for all his charters which I have
+seen are dated at Barden.
+</p><p>
+"His early habits, and the want of those artificial measures of time
+which even shepherds now possess, had given him a turn for observing the
+motions of the heavenly bodies, and, having purchased such an apparatus
+as could then be procured, he amused and informed himself by those
+pursuits, with the aid of the Canons of Bolton, some of whom are said to
+have been well versed in what was then known of the science.
+</p><p>
+"I suspect this nobleman to have been sometimes occupied in a more
+visionary pursuit, and probably in the same company.
+</p><p>
+"For, from the family evidences, I have met with two MSS. on the subject
+of Alchemy, which, from the character, spelling, etc., may almost
+certainly be referred to the reign of Henry the Seventh. If these were
+originally deposited with the MSS. of the Cliffords, it might have been
+for the use of this nobleman. If they were brought from Bolton at the
+Dissolution, they must have been the work of those Canons whom he almost
+exclusively conversed with.
+</p><p>
+"In these peaceful employments Lord Clifford spent the whole reign of
+Henry the Seventh, and the first years of his son. But in the year 1513,
+when almost sixty years old, he was appointed to a principal command
+over the army which fought at Flodden, and shewed that the military
+genius of the family had neither been chilled in him by age, nor
+extinguished by habits of peace.
+</p><p>
+"He survived the battle of Flodden ten years, and died April 23d, 1523,
+aged about 70. I shall endeavour to appropriate to him a tomb, vault,
+and chantry, in the choir of the church of Bolton, as I should be sorry
+to believe that he was deposited when dead at a distance from the place
+which in his life-time he loved so well.
+</p><p>
+"By his last will he appointed his body to be interred at Shap if he
+died in Westmoreland; or at Bolton if he died in Yorkshire."
+</p><p>
+With respect to the Canons of Bolton, Dr. Whitaker shews from MSS. that
+not only alchemy but astronomy was a favourite pursuit with them.&mdash;W. W.
+1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_U_418" id="Footnote_U_418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_U_418"><span class="label">[U]</span></a> Barden Tower is on the western bank of the Wharfe, fully
+two miles north-west of Bolton Priory, above the Strid. At the time of
+the restoration of the Shepherd-lord, Barden Tower was only a keeper's
+forest lodge. It is so hidden in trees, and so retired, that the
+situation is most accurately described as
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8">the shy recess</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of Barden's lowly quietness.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_V_419" id="Footnote_V_419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_V_419"><span class="label">[V]</span></a> The year 1569.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_W_420" id="Footnote_W_420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_W_420"><span class="label">[W]</span></a> Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Neville, Earl of
+Westmoreland&mdash;the two peers who joined in support of the Duke of
+Norfolk's marriage with Queen Mary, with a view to the restoration of
+Catholicism in England. See note III. <a href="#Page_198">p. 198</a>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_X_421" id="Footnote_X_421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_X_421"><span class="label">[X]</span></a> Compare <i>Twelfth Night</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">I.</span> scene i. l. 4&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That strain again! it had a dying fall.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Y_422" id="Footnote_Y_422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Y_422"><span class="label">[Y]</span></a> See the Old Ballad,&mdash;<i>The Rising of the North</i>.&mdash;W. W.
+1827.
+</p><p>
+This Ballad is printed in Wordsworth's note, <a href="#Page_186">p. 186</a>. The reference here
+is to the lines&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But, father, I will wend with you,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Unarm'd and naked will I bee.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Z_423" id="Footnote_Z_423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Z_423"><span class="label">[Z]</span></a> The site of Rylstone Hall is still recognisable, but the
+building is gone. It was not at Rylstone, but at Ripon, that the Nortons
+raised their banner in November 1569; but their tenantry at Rylstone
+rose with them at the same time.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AA_424" id="Footnote_AA_424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AA_424"><span class="label">[AA]</span></a> Brancepeth Castle stands near the river Were, a few miles
+from the city of Durham. It formerly belonged to the Nevilles, Earls of
+Westmoreland. See Dr. Percy's account.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BB_425" id="Footnote_BB_425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BB_425"><span class="label">[BB]</span></a> The tower of the Cathedral of Durham, of which St.
+Cuthbert is the patron saint.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CC_426" id="Footnote_CC_426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CC_426"><span class="label">[CC]</span></a> Now Raby Castle, a seat of the Duke of Cleveland in the
+county of Durham.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DD_427" id="Footnote_DD_427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DD_427"><span class="label">[DD]</span></a> From the old Ballad.&mdash;W. W. 1820.
+</p><p>
+The lines are&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">At Wetherbye they mustered their host,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Thirteen thousand fair to see.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EE_428" id="Footnote_EE_428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EE_428"><span class="label">[EE]</span></a> The village of Clifford is three miles from Wetherby,
+where the host was mustered.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_FF_429" id="Footnote_FF_429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_FF_429"><span class="label">[FF]</span></a> From the old Ballad.&mdash;W. W. 1820.
+</p><p>
+The line referred to is&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Against soe many could not stay.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_GG_430" id="Footnote_GG_430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_GG_430"><span class="label">[GG]</span></a> See note V. <a href="#Page_200">p. 200</a>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_HH_431" id="Footnote_HH_431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_HH_431"><span class="label">[HH]</span></a> See the Historians for the account of this memorable
+battle, usually denominated the Battle of the Standard.&mdash;W. W. 1815.
+</p><p>
+It was fought at Northallerton in 1137, under Archbishop Thurston of
+York. See note VI. <a href="#Page_200">p. 200</a>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_II_432" id="Footnote_II_432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_II_432"><span class="label">[II]</span></a> "In the night before the battle of Durham was strucken and
+begun, the 17th day of October, <i>anno</i> 1346, there did appear to John
+Fosser, then Prior of the abbey of Durham, a Vision, commanding him to
+take the holy Corporax-cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert did cover the
+chalice when he used to say mass, and to put the same holy relique like
+to a banner-cloth upon the point of a spear, and the next morning to go
+and repair to a place on the west side of the city of Durham, called the
+Red Hills, where the Maid's Bower wont to be, and there to remain and
+abide till the end of the battle. To which vision, the Prior obeying,
+and taking the same for a revelation of God's grace and mercy by the
+mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, did accordingly the next morning, with
+the monks of the said abbey, repair to the said Red Hills, and there
+most devoutly humbling and prostrating themselves in prayer for the
+victory in the said battle: (a great multitude of the Scots running and
+pressing by them, with intention to have spoiled them, yet had no power
+to commit any violence under such holy persons, so occupied in prayer,
+being protected and defended by the mighty Providence of Almighty God,
+and by the mediation of Holy St. Cuthbert, and the presence of the holy
+relique). And, after many conflicts and warlike exploits there had and
+done between the English men and the King of Scots and his company, the
+said battle ended, and the victory was obtained, to the great overthrow
+and confusion of the Scots, their enemies: And then the said Prior and
+monks, accompanied with Ralph Lord Nevil, and John Nevil his son, and
+the Lord Percy, and many other nobles of England, returned home and went
+to the abbey church, there joining in hearty prayer and thanksgiving to
+God and holy St. Cuthbert for the victory atchieved that day."
+</p><p>
+This battle was afterwards called the Battle of Neville's Cross from the
+following circumstance:&mdash;
+</p><p>
+"On the west side of the city of Durham, where two roads pass each
+other, a most notable, famous, and goodly cross of stone-work was
+erected, and set up to the honour of God for the victory there obtained
+in the field of battle, and known by the name of Nevil's Cross, and
+built at the sole cost of the Lord Ralph Nevil, one of the most
+excellent and chief persons in the said battle." The Relique of St.
+Cuthbert afterwards became of great importance in military events. For
+soon after this battle, says the same author, "The prior caused a goodly
+and sumptuous banner to be made, (which is then described at great
+length,) and in the midst of the same banner-cloth was the said holy
+relique and corporax-cloth enclosed, etc. etc., and so sumptuously
+finished, and absolutely perfected, this banner was dedicated to holy
+St. Cuthbert, of intent and purpose, that for the future it should be
+carried to any battle, as occasion should serve; and was never carried
+and shewed at any battle but by the especial grace of God Almighty, and
+the mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, it brought home victory; which
+banner-cloth, after the dissolution of the abbey, fell into the
+possession of Dean <span class="smcap">Whittingham</span>, whose wife was called <span class="smcap">Katharine</span>, being a
+French woman, (as is most credibly reported by eye-witnesses,) did most
+injuriously burn the same in her fire, to the open contempt and disgrace
+of all ancient and goodly reliques."&mdash;Extracted from a book entitled,
+<i>Durham Cathedral, as it stood before the Dissolution of the Monastery</i>.
+It appears, from the old metrical History, that the above-mentioned
+banner was carried by the Earl of Surrey to Flodden Field.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_JJ_433" id="Footnote_JJ_433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_JJ_433"><span class="label">[JJ]</span></a> Compare <i>An Evening Walk</i>, ll. 365, 366 (vol. i. p. 31)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">The song of mountain-streams, unheard by day,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Now hardly heard, beguiles my homeward way.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Also <i>The Excursion</i> (book iv. ll. 1173, 1174)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The little rills, and waters numberless,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Inaudible by daylight.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+And Wordsworth's sonnet beginning&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The unremitting voice of nightly streams</span><br />
+<span class="i0">That wastes so oft, we think, its tuneful powers.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Compare also in Gray's <i>Tour in the Lakes</i>, "At distance, heard the
+murmur of many waterfalls, not audible in the daytime."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_KK_434" id="Footnote_KK_434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_KK_434"><span class="label">[KK]</span></a> Compare Milton's Sonnet on his Blindness, l. 14&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">They also serve who only stand and wait.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_LL_435" id="Footnote_LL_435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_LL_435"><span class="label">[LL]</span></a> In the limestone ridges and hills of the Craven district
+of Yorkshire there are many caverns and underground recesses, such as
+the Yordas cave referred to in <i>The Prelude</i> (vol. iii. p. 289).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_MM_436" id="Footnote_MM_436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_MM_436"><span class="label">[MM]</span></a> The Towers of Barnard Castle on the Tees in Yorkshire.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_NN_437" id="Footnote_NN_437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_NN_437"><span class="label">[NN]</span></a> It is so called to this day, and is thus described by Dr.
+Whitaker. "Rylstone Fell yet exhibits a monument of the old warfare
+between the Nortons and Cliffords. On a point of very high ground,
+commanding an immense prospect, and protected by two deep ravines, are
+the remains of a square tower, expressly said by Dodsworth to have been
+built by Richard Norton. The walls are of strong grout-work, about four
+feet thick. It seems to have been three stories high. Breaches have been
+industriously made in all the sides, almost to the ground, to render it
+untenable.
+</p><p>
+"But Norton Tower was probably a sort of pleasure-house in summer, as
+there are, adjoining to it, several large mounds, (two of them are
+pretty entire,) of which no other account can be given than that they
+were butts for large companies of archers.
+</p><p>
+"The place is savagely wild, and admirably adapted to the uses of a
+watch-tower."&mdash;W. W. 1815. (See note VII. <a href="#Page_201">p. 201</a>.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>
+</p><p>
+The remains of Norton Tower are not in the highest point of the Rylstone
+Fells, but on one of the western ridges: and there are now only four
+bare roofless rectangular walls. It was originally both a watch-tower
+and a hunting-tower. Looking towards Malham to the north and north-west,
+the view is exactly as described in the poem.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_OO_438" id="Footnote_OO_438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_OO_438"><span class="label">[OO]</span></a> This extract was first prefixed to canto seventh in the
+edition of 1837.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_PP_439" id="Footnote_PP_439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_PP_439"><span class="label">[PP]</span></a> "After the attainder of Richard Norton, his estates were
+forfeited to the crown, where they remained till the 2d or 3d of James;
+they were then granted to Francis Earl of Cumberland." From an accurate survey
+made at that time, several particulars have been extracted by Dr. W. It
+appears that the mansion-house was then in decay. "Immediately adjoining
+is a close, called the Vivery, so called undoubtedly from the French
+Vivier, or modern Latin Viverium; for there are near the house large
+remains of a pleasure-ground, such as were introduced in the earlier
+part of Elizabeth's time, with topiary works, fish-ponds, an island,
+etc. The whole township was ranged by an hundred and thirty red deer,
+the property of the Lord, which, together with the wood, had, after the
+attainder of Mr. Norton, been committed to Sir Stephen Tempest. The
+wood, it seems, had been abandoned to depredations, before which time it
+appears that the neighbourhood must have exhibited a forest-like and
+sylvan scene. In this survey, among the old tenants, is mentioned one
+Richard Kitchen, butler to Mr. Norton, who rose in rebellion with his
+master, and was executed at Ripon."&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_QQ_440" id="Footnote_QQ_440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_QQ_440"><span class="label">[QQ]</span></a> There are two small streams which rise near Rylstone. One,
+called Rylstone beck, flows westwards into the Aire. Another makes its
+way eastwards towards the Wharfe, joins Linton beck, and so enters
+Wharfe between Linton Church and Grassington Bridge. It is to the latter
+that Wordsworth refers, although the former is now called Rylstone
+beck.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_RR_441" id="Footnote_RR_441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_RR_441"><span class="label">[RR]</span></a> "At the extremity of the parish of Burnsal, the valley of
+Wharf forks off into two great branches, one of which retains the name
+of Wharfdale to the source of the river; the other is usually called
+Littondale, but more anciently and properly Amerdale. Dern-brook, which
+runs along an obscure valley from the N. W., is derived from a Teutonic
+word, signifying concealment."&mdash;Dr. <span class="smcap">Whitaker</span>.&mdash;W. W. 1815.
+</p><p>
+The valley of Littondale, as is shown in Wordsworth's note, once bore
+the name of Amerdale. Though the name is not now given to the beck, it
+survives, singularly enough, in one pool in the stream, where it joins
+the Wharfe, which is still called "Amerdale Dub."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_SS_442" id="Footnote_SS_442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_SS_442"><span class="label">[SS]</span></a> From this valley of Litton a small lateral one runs up in
+a south-westerly direction at Arncliffe, making a "deep fork," and is
+called Dernbrook. Dern means seclusion, and two or three miles up this
+ghyll is a farm-house bearing the name of Dernbrook House. "The phrase
+'By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side' is so appropriate," says the late
+incumbent of Arncliffe, the Ven. Archdeacon Boyd, in a letter to the
+editor, "that it would almost seem that Wordsworth had been there." Mr.
+Boyd adds, "In the illustrated edition of <i>The White Doe</i>, published by
+Longmans a few years ago, there is an illustration by Birket Foster of
+the Dernbrook House, the original of which I had the honour to supply.
+It is but a short distance&mdash;two or three miles&mdash;from Malham Tarn."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_TT_443" id="Footnote_TT_443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_TT_443"><span class="label">[TT]</span></a> On one of the bells of Rylstone church, which seems
+co-eval with the building of the tower, is this cypher, <em class="antiqua">J. N.</em>
+for John Norton, and the motto, "<em class="antiqua">God us ayde</em>."&mdash;W. W.
+1815.
+</p><p>
+"A ring, bearing the same motto, was sold at a sale of antiquities from
+Bramhope Manor, Feb. 1865. The Norton Shield of Arms is in Rylstone
+Church." (See Murray's <i>Yorkshire</i>.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_UU_444" id="Footnote_UU_444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_UU_444"><span class="label">[UU]</span></a> Which is thus described by Dr. Whitaker:&mdash;"On the plain
+summit of the hill are the foundations of a strong wall, stretching from
+the S. W. to the N. E. corner of the tower, and to the edge of a very
+deep glen. From this glen, a ditch, several hundred yards long, runs
+south to another deep and rugged ravine. On the N. and W. where the
+banks are very steep, no wall or mound is discoverable, paling being the
+only fence that would stand on such ground.
+</p><p>
+"From the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, it appears that such pounds
+for deer, sheep, etc., were far from being uncommon in the south of
+Scotland. The principle of them was something like that of a wire
+mouse-trap. On the declivity of a steep hill, the bottom and sides of
+which were fenced so as to be impassable, a wall was constructed nearly
+level with the surface on the outside, yet so high within that without
+wings it was impossible to escape in the opposite direction. Care was
+probably taken that these enclosures should contain better feed than the
+neighbouring parks or forests; and whoever is acquainted with the habits
+of these sequacious animals, will easily conceive, that if the leader
+was once tempted to descend into the snare, an herd would follow."
+</p><p>
+I cannot conclude without recommending to the notice of all lovers of
+beautiful scenery&mdash;Bolton Abbey and its neighbourhood. This enchanting
+spot belongs to the Duke of Devonshire; and the superintendance of it
+has for some years been entrusted to the Rev. William Carr, who has most
+skilfully opened out its features; and in whatever he has added, has
+done justice to the place by working with an invisible hand of art in
+the very spirit of nature.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_VV_445" id="Footnote_VV_445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_VV_445"><span class="label">[VV]</span></a> The late Archdeacon of Craven wrote to me of this, "There
+never can have been a Lady Chapel in the usual place at Bolton, for the
+altar was close to the east window. I never heard of a Saint Mary's
+<i>shrine</i>; but, most probably, the church was dedicated to St. Mary, in
+which case she" (the Lady Emily) "would be speaking of the building. In
+proof of this, the Priory of Embsay was dedicated to St. Mary; and
+naturally the dedication, on the removal from Embsay to Bolton, would be
+renewed. See Whitaker, p. 369, in extracting from the compotus, 'Comp.
+Monasterii be' Mar' de Boulton in Craven.'" It may be added that the
+whole church being dedicated to St. Mary&mdash;as in the case of the
+Cistercian buildings&mdash;there would be no Lady Chapel. The mention in
+detail of "prostrate altars," "shrines defaced," "fret-work imagery,"
+"plates of ornamental brass," and "sculptured Forms of Warriors" in the
+closing canto of <i>The White Doe</i> is&mdash;like the "one sequestered hillock
+green" where Francis Norton was supposed to "sleep in his last
+abode"&mdash;part of the imaginative drapery of the poem.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_WW_446" id="Footnote_WW_446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_WW_446"><span class="label">[WW]</span></a> Compare Sackville's <i>Ferrex and Porrex</i>, iv. 2; Lord
+Surrey's lines beginning, "Give place, ye lovers"; and George
+Turberville's poem which begins, "You want no skill."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_XX_447" id="Footnote_XX_447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_XX_447"><span class="label">[XX]</span></a> Camden expressly says that he was violently attached to
+the Catholic Religion.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA" id="THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"></a>THE FORCE OF PRAYER;<a name="FNanchor_A_454" id="FNanchor_A_454"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_454" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h2>
+<h3><span class="smcap">Or, The Founding of Bolton Priory</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">A Tradition</span></h4>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1807.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[An appendage to <i>The White Doe</i>. My friend, Mr.
+Rogers, has also written on the subject.<a name="FNanchor_B_455" id="FNanchor_B_455"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_455" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> The story is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span>
+preserved in Dr. Whitaker's <i>History of Craven</i>&mdash;a topographical
+writer of first-rate merit in all that concerns the past; but such
+was his aversion from the modern spirit, as shown in the spread
+of manufactories in those districts of which he treats, that his
+readers are left entirely ignorant both of the progress of these
+arts and their real bearing upon the comfort, virtues, and
+happiness of the inhabitants. While wandering on foot
+through the fertile valleys and over the moorlands of the
+Apennine that divide Yorkshire from Lancashire, I used to be
+delighted with observing the number of substantial cottages that
+had sprung up on every side, each having its little plot of fertile
+ground won from the surrounding waste. A bright and warm
+fire, if needed, was always to be found in these dwellings.
+The father was at his loom; the children looked healthy and
+happy. Is it not to be feared that the increase of mechanic
+power had done away with many of these blessings, and
+substituted many ills? Alas! if these evils grow, how are
+they to be checked, and where is the remedy to be found?
+Political economy will not supply it; that is certain; we must
+look to something deeper, purer, and higher.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<em class="antiqua" style="font-size: 110%;">What is good for a bootless bene?</em>"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With these dark words begins my Tale;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When Prayer is of no avail?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<em class="antiqua" style="font-size: 110%;">What is good for a bootless bene?</em>"    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Falconer to the Lady said;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she made answer "<span class="allcapsc">ENDLESS SORROW</span>!"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For she knew that her Son was dead.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She knew it by<a name="FNanchor_1_448" id="FNanchor_1_448"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_448" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> the Falconer's words,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And from the look of the Falconer's eye;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And from the love which was in her soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For her youthful Romilly.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;Young Romilly through Barden woods<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is ranging high and low;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And holds a greyhound in a leash,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To let slip upon buck or doe.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The pair<a name="FNanchor_2_449" id="FNanchor_2_449"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_449" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> have reached that fearful chasm,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How tempting to bestride!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For lordly Wharf is there pent in<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With rocks on either side.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The<a name="FNanchor_3_450" id="FNanchor_3_450"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_450" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> striding-place is called <span class="smcap">The Strid</span>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A name which it took of yore:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A thousand years hath it borne that name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And shall a thousand more.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And hither is young Romilly come,    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And what may now forbid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he, perhaps for the hundredth time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall bound across <span class="smcap">The Strid</span>?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He sprang in glee,&mdash;for what cared he    <span class="linenum">29</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That the river was strong, and the rocks were steep?&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the greyhound in the leash hung back,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And checked him in his leap.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And strangled by<a name="FNanchor_4_451" id="FNanchor_4_451"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_451" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> a merciless force;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For never more was young Romilly seen    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till he rose a lifeless corse.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now there is<a name="FNanchor_5_452" id="FNanchor_5_452"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_452" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> stillness in the vale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And long,<a name="FNanchor_6_453" id="FNanchor_6_453"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_453" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> unspeaking, sorrow:</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Wharf shall be to pitying hearts<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A name more sad than Yarrow.    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If for a lover the Lady wept,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A solace she might borrow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From death, and from the passion of death:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She weeps not for the wedding-day    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which was to be to-morrow:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her hope was a further-looking hope,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hers is a mother's sorrow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He was a tree that stood alone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And proudly did its branches wave;    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the root of this delightful tree<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was in her husband's grave!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Long, long in darkness did she sit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And her first words were, "Let there be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Bolton, on the field of Wharf,    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A stately Priory!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The stately Priory was reared;<a name="FNanchor_C_456" id="FNanchor_C_456"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_456" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Wharf, as he moved along,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To matins joined a mournful voice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor failed at even-song.    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And the Lady prayed in heaviness<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That looked not for relief!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But slowly did her succour come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And a patience to her grief.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh! there is never sorrow of heart    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That shall lack a timely end,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If but to God we turn, and ask<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Him to be our friend!<a name="FNanchor_D_457" id="FNanchor_D_457"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_457" class="fnanchor">[D]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span>There were few variations in the text of this poem, from
+1815 to 1850; but I have found, in a letter of Dorothy Wordsworth's
+to her friend Miss Jane Pollard, the mother of Lady
+Monteagle&mdash;who kindly sent it to me&mdash;an earlier version,
+which differs considerably from the form in which it was first
+published in 1815. The letter is dated October 18th, 1807,
+and the poem is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"<i>What is good for a bootless bene?</i>"<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The Lady answer'd, "<i>endless sorrow</i>."<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>Her</i> words are plain; but the Falconer's words<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Are a path that is dark to travel thorough.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">These words I bring from the Banks of Wharf,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dark words to front an ancient tale:<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When prayer is of no avail?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"What is good for a bootless bene?"<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The Falconer to the Lady said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And she made answer as ye have heard,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For she knew that her Son was dead.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">She knew it from the Falconer's words<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And from the look of the Falconer's eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And from the love that was in her heart<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For her youthful Romelli.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Young Romelli to the Woods is gone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And who doth on his steps attend?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He hath a greyhound in a leash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A chosen forest Friend.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And they have reach'd that famous Chasm<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Where he who dares may stride<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Across the River Wharf, pent in<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With rocks on either side.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And that striding place is call'd <span class="smcap">The Strid</span>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A name which it took of yore;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A thousand years hath it borne that name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And shall a thousand more.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span><span class="i2">And thither is young Romelli come;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And what may now forbid<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That He, perhaps for the hundredth time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Shall bound across the Strid?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">He sprang in glee; for what cared he<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That the River was strong, and the Rocks were steep?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But the greyhound in the Leash hung back<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And check'd him in his leap.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And strangled with a merciless force;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For never more was young Romelli seen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Till he was a lifeless corse.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Now is there stillness in the vale<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And long unspeaking sorrow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Wharf has buried fonder hopes<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Than e'er were drown'd in Yarrow.<a name="FNanchor_E_458" id="FNanchor_E_458"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_458" class="fnanchor">[E]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">If for a Lover the Lady wept<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A comfort she might borrow<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From death, and from the passion of death;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">She weeps not for the Wedding-day<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That was to be to-morrow,<a name="FNanchor_F_459" id="FNanchor_F_459"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_459" class="fnanchor">[F]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Her hope was a farther-looking hope<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And hers is a Mother's sorrow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Oh was he not a comely tree?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And proudly did his branches wave;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And the Root of this delightful Tree<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Is in her Husband's grave.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Long, long in darkness did she sit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And her first word was, "Let there be<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">At Bolton, in the Fields of Wharf<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A stately Priory."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And the stately Priory was rear'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And Wharf as he moved along,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To Matins joined a mournful voice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor fail'd at Even-song.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And the Lady pray'd in heaviness<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That wish'd not for relief;<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span><span class="i2">But slowly did her succour come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And a patience to her grief.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Oh! there is never sorrow of heart<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That shall lack a timely end,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">If but to God we turn, and ask<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of him to be our Friend.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The poem of Samuel Rogers, to which Wordsworth refers in
+the Fenwick note, is named <i>The Boy of Egremond</i>. It begins&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"Say, what remains when Hope is fled?"</span><br />
+<span class="i2">She answered, "endless weeping!"</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In a letter to Wordsworth in 1815, Charles Lamb wrote
+thus of <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer</i></a>, "Young Romilly is divine; the
+reasons of his mother's grief being remediless. I never saw
+parental love carried up so high, towering above the other loves.
+Shakspeare had done something for the filial in Cordelia, and,
+by implication, for the fatherly too, in Lear's resentment; he
+left it for you to explore the depths of the maternal heart....
+When I first opened upon the just mentioned poem, in a careless
+tone, I said to Mary, as if putting a riddle, '<i>What is good for a
+bootless bene?</i>' To which, with infinite presence of mind (as
+the jest-book has it), she answered, 'A shoeless pea.' It was
+the first joke she ever made.... I never felt deeply in my
+life if that poem did not make me feel, both lately and when I
+read it in MS." (<i>The Letters of Charles Lamb</i>, edited by Alfred
+Ainger, vol. i. p. 288.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_448" id="Footnote_1_448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_448"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... from ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_449" id="Footnote_2_449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_449"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And the Pair ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_450" id="Footnote_3_450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_450"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1850.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_451" id="Footnote_4_451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_451"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">with ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_452" id="Footnote_5_452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_452"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Now is there ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_453" id="Footnote_6_453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_453"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And deep ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_454" id="Footnote_A_454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_454"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See <a href="#THE_WHITE_DOE_OF_RYLSTONE"><i>The White Doe of Rylstone</i></a>.&mdash;W. W. 1820.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_455" id="Footnote_B_455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_455"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, May 1819, of Rogers&mdash;"He has
+been re-writing your Poem of the Strid, and publishing it at the end of his
+'Human Life.' Tie him up to the cart, hangman, while you are about it."
+(<i>The Letters of Charles Lamb</i>, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. p. 20.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_456" id="Footnote_C_456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_456"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> The Lady Alice De Romilly built not only Bolton Priory, but the nave
+of Carlisle Cathedral, and the chancel of Crosthwaite Parish Church at
+Keswick.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_457" id="Footnote_D_457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_457"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> "Young Romilly" was a son of Fitz Duncan, Earl of Murray in Scotland,
+whose Cumbrian estates extended from Dunmail Raise to St. Bees. This
+"Boy of Egremond" was second cousin of Malcolm, King of Scotland; and
+by the marriage of Fitz Duncan's sister (Matilda the Good) with Henry I. of
+England, he stood in the same relation to Henry II. of England. Fitz
+Duncan married Alice, the only daughter and heiress of Robert de Romilly,
+lord of Skipton. Compare Ferguson's <i>History of Cumberland</i>, p. 175.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_458" id="Footnote_E_458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_458"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Alluding to a Ballad of Logan's.&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_459" id="Footnote_F_459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_459"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> From the same Ballad.&mdash;W. W. 1807.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="COMPOSED_WHILE_THE_AUTHOR_WAS_ENGAGED" id="COMPOSED_WHILE_THE_AUTHOR_WAS_ENGAGED"></a>COMPOSED WHILE THE AUTHOR WAS ENGAGED
+IN WRITING A TRACT, OCCASIONED BY THE
+CONVENTION OF CINTRA. 1808</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1808.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>This sonnet was included among those "dedicated to
+Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Not 'mid the World's vain objects that<a name="FNanchor_1_460" id="FNanchor_1_460"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_460" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> enslave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The free-born Soul&mdash;that World whose vaunted skill</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">In selfish interest perverts the will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose factions lead astray the wise and brave&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not there; but in dark wood and rocky cave,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hollow vale which foaming torrents fill<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With omnipresent murmur as they rave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Down their steep beds, that never shall be still:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here, mighty Nature! in this school sublime<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I weigh the hopes and fears of suffering Spain;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For her consult the auguries of time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And through the human heart explore my way;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And look and listen&mdash;gathering, whence<a name="FNanchor_2_461" id="FNanchor_2_461"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_461" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> I may,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Triumph, and thoughts no bondage can restrain.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Wordsworth began to write on the Convention of Cintra in
+November 1808, and sent two articles on the subject to the
+December (1808) and January (1809) numbers of <i>The Courier</i>.
+The subject grew in importance to him as he discussed it: and
+he threw his reflections on the subject into the form of a small
+treatise, the preface to which was dated 20th May 1809. The
+full title of this (so-called) "Tract" is "Concerning the Relations
+of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal to each other, and
+to the common Enemy, at this crisis; and specifically as affected
+by the Convention of Cintra: the whole brought to the test of
+those Principles, by which alone the Independence and Freedom
+of Nations can be Preserved or Recovered."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_460" id="Footnote_1_460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_460"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1820.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... which ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_461" id="Footnote_2_461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_461"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... where ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COMPOSED_AT_THE_SAME_TIME_AND_ON" id="COMPOSED_AT_THE_SAME_TIME_AND_ON"></a>COMPOSED AT THE SAME TIME AND ON
+THE SAME OCCASION</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1808.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I dropped my pen; and listened to the Wind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That sang of trees up-torn and vessels tost&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A midnight harmony; and wholly lost<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the general sense of men by chains confined</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of business, care, or pleasure; or resigned    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To timely sleep. Thought I, the impassioned strain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, without aid of numbers, I sustain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like acceptation from the World will find.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet some with apprehensive ear shall drink<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A dirge devoutly breathed o'er sorrows past;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to the attendant promise will give heed&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The prophecy,&mdash;like that of this wild blast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, while it makes the heart with sadness shrink,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tells also of bright calms that shall succeed.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1809" id="Year_1809"></a>1809</h2>
+
+
+<p>The poems belonging to the years 1809 and 1810 were
+mainly sonnets&mdash;although <i>The Excursion</i> was being added to
+at intervals. Of twenty-four which were included by Wordsworth,
+in the final arrangement of his poems, among those
+"dedicated to National Independence and Liberty," fourteen
+belong to the year 1809, and ten to 1810. It is difficult
+to ascertain the principle which guided him in determining
+the succession of these sonnets. They were not placed in
+chronological order; nor is there any historical or topographical
+reason for their being arranged as they were. I have therefore
+felt at liberty to depart from his order, to the following extent.</p>
+
+<p>The six sonnets referring to the Tyrolese have been brought
+together in one group. Those containing allusions to Spain
+might have been similarly treated; but the sonnets on Schill,
+the King of Sweden, and Napoleon&mdash;as arranged by Wordsworth
+himself&mdash;do not break the continuity of the series on
+Spain, in the same way that the insertion of those on Palafox and
+Zaragoza interferes with the unity of the Tyrolean group; and
+the re-arrangement of the latter series enables me more conveniently
+to append to it a German translation of the sonnets,
+and a paper upon them, by Alois Brandl.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TYROLESE_SONNETS" id="TYROLESE_SONNETS"></a>TYROLESE SONNETS</h2>
+
+
+
+<h2>I</h2>
+
+<h3>HOFFER</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_465" id="FNanchor_A_465"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_465" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<p>The six sonnets of this Tyrolean group were placed among
+the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span><span class="i0">Of mortal parents is the Hero born<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By whom the undaunted Tyrolese are led?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or is it Tell's great Spirit, from the dead<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Returned to animate an age forlorn?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He comes like Ph&oelig;bus through the gates of morn    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When dreary darkness is discomfited,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet mark his modest<a name="FNanchor_1_462" id="FNanchor_1_462"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_462" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> state! upon his head,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That simple crest, a heron's plume, is worn.<a name="FNanchor_2_463" id="FNanchor_2_463"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_463" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O Liberty! they stagger at the shock<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From van to rear&mdash;and with one mind would flee,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But half their host is buried:<a name="FNanchor_3_464" id="FNanchor_3_464"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_464" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>&mdash;rock on rock<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Descends:&mdash;beneath this godlike Warrior, see!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hills, torrents, woods, embodied to bemock<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Tyrant, and confound his cruelty.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The expectation that the Germans would rise against the
+French in 1807 was realised only in the Tyrol. Andreas Hofer,
+an innkeeper in the Passeierthal, was the chief of the Tyrolese
+leaders. More than once he called his countrymen to arms,
+and was successful for a time. The Bavarians, however,
+defeated him, in October 1809. He was tried by court-martial,
+and shot in 1810.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_462" id="Footnote_1_462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_462"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... simple ...  <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_463" id="Footnote_2_463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_463"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Heron's feather for a crest is worn.      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_464" id="Footnote_3_464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_464"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var14">... at the shock;</span><br />
+<span class="var">The Murderers are aghast; they strive to flee</span><br />
+<span class="var">And half their Host is buried:&mdash; ...      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_465" id="Footnote_A_465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_465"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, October 26.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADVANCE_COME_FORTH" id="ADVANCE_COME_FORTH"></a>II</h2>
+
+<h3>"ADVANCE&mdash;COME FORTH FROM THY
+TYROLEAN GROUND"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_466" id="FNanchor_A_466"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_466" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Advance&mdash;come forth from thy Tyrolean ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dear Liberty! stern Nymph of soul untamed;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Sweet Nymph, O rightly of the mountains named!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through the long chain of Alps from mound to mound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And o'er the eternal snows, like Echo, bound;          <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like Echo, when the hunter train at dawn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have roused her from her sleep: and forest-lawn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cliffs, woods and caves, her viewless steps resound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And babble of her pastime!&mdash;On, dread Power!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With such invisible motion speed thy flight,              <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through hanging clouds, from craggy height to height,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through the green vales and through the herdsman's bower&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That all the Alps may gladden in thy might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here, there, and in all places at one hour.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_466" id="Footnote_A_466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_466"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, October 26.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="FEELINGS_OF_THE_TYROLESE" id="FEELINGS_OF_THE_TYROLESE"></a>III</h2>
+
+<h3>FEELINGS OF THE TYROLESE</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_468" id="FNanchor_A_468"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_468" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Land we from our fathers had in trust,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to our children will transmit, or die:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This is our maxim, this our piety;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And God and Nature say that it is just.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That which we <i>would</i> perform in arms&mdash;we must!    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We read the dictate in the infant's eye;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the wife's smile; and in the placid sky;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, at our feet, amid the silent dust<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of them that were before us.&mdash;Sing aloud<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Old songs, the precious music of the heart!            <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Give, herds and flocks, your voices to the wind!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While we go forth, a self-devoted crowd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With weapons grasped in fearless hands,<a name="FNanchor_1_467" id="FNanchor_1_467"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_467" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> to assert<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our virtue, and to vindicate mankind.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_467" id="Footnote_1_467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_467"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With weapons in the fearless hand,         <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_468" id="Footnote_A_468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_468"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, December 21.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ALAS_WHAT_BOOTS_THE_LONG" id="ALAS_WHAT_BOOTS_THE_LONG"></a>IV</h2>
+
+<h3>"ALAS! WHAT BOOTS THE LONG
+LABORIOUS QUEST"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_471" id="FNanchor_A_471"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_471" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Alas! what boots the long laborious quest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of moral prudence, sought through good and ill;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or pains<a name="FNanchor_1_469" id="FNanchor_1_469"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_469" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> abstruse&mdash;to elevate the will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And<a name="FNanchor_2_470" id="FNanchor_2_470"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_470" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> lead us on to that transcendent rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where every passion shall the sway attest         <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Reason, seated on her sovereign hill;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What is it but a vain and curious skill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If sapient Germany must lie deprest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath the brutal sword?&mdash;Her haughty Schools<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall blush; and may not we with sorrow say,      <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A few strong instincts and a few plain rules,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among the herdsmen of the Alps, have wrought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More for mankind at this unhappy day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than all the pride of intellect and thought?<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See the paper by Alois Brandl appended to this series of
+sonnets, <a href="#Page_218">p. 218</a>. Wordsworth had probably no means of knowing
+anything of Fichte's "Addresses to the German Nation,"
+delivered weekly in Berlin, from December 1807 to March
+1808. (See <i>Fichte</i>, by Professor Adamson, pp. 84-91.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_469" id="Footnote_1_469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_469"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... pain ...   <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_470" id="Footnote_2_470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_470"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or ...   <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_471" id="Footnote_A_471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_471"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, November 16, under the title, <i>Sonnet suggested by the
+efforts of the Tyrolese, contrasted with the present state of Germany</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ON_THE_FINAL_SUBMISSION_OF_THE_TYROLESE" id="ON_THE_FINAL_SUBMISSION_OF_THE_TYROLESE"></a>V</h2>
+
+<h3>ON THE FINAL SUBMISSION OF THE
+TYROLESE</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_472" id="FNanchor_A_472"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_472" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It was a <i>moral</i> end for which they fought;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Else how, when mighty Thrones were put to shame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could they, poor Shepherds, have preserved an aim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A resolution, or enlivening thought?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor hath that moral good been <i>vainly</i> sought;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For in their magnanimity and fame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Powers have they left, an impulse, and a claim<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which neither can be overturned nor bought.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sleep, Warriors, sleep! among your hills repose!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We know that ye, beneath the stern control    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of awful prudence, keep the unvanquished soul:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when, impatient of her guilt and woes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Europe breaks forth; then, Shepherds! shall ye rise<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For perfect triumph o'er your Enemies.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_472" id="Footnote_A_472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_472"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, December 21, under the title, <i>On the report of the submission
+of the Tyrolese</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_MARTIAL_COURAGE_OF_A_DAY_IS_VAIN" id="THE_MARTIAL_COURAGE_OF_A_DAY_IS_VAIN"></a>VI</h2>
+
+<h3>"THE MARTIAL COURAGE OF A DAY IS
+VAIN"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810?<a name="FNanchor_A_473" id="FNanchor_A_473"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_473" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The martial courage of a day is vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An empty noise of death the battle's roar,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">If vital hope be wanting to restore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or fortitude be wanting to sustain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Armies or kingdoms. We have heard a strain    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of triumph, how the labouring Danube bore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A weight of hostile corses: drenched with gore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were the wide fields, the hamlets heaped with slain.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet see (the mighty tumult overpast)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Austria a Daughter of her Throne hath sold!    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And her Tyrolean Champion we behold<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Murdered, like one ashore by shipwreck cast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Murdered without relief. Oh! blind as bold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To think that such assurance can stand fast!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_473" id="Footnote_A_473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_473"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> I retain this Tyrolese sonnet amongst the others belonging to the same
+theme; but, as Hofer was shot in 1810, it was probably written in that
+year.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>I append to this series of sonnets on the Tyrol and the
+Tyrolese the translation of a paper contributed by Alois Brandl,
+a Tyrolean, to the <i>Neue Freie Presse</i> of October 22, 1880.
+Herr Brandl was for some time in England investigating the
+traces of a German literary influence on Coleridge, Wordsworth,
+and their contemporaries.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"It was in the year 1809; Napoleon was at the height of
+his career of victory; and England alone of all his opponents
+held the supremacy at sea. For years the English were the
+only representatives of freedom in Europe. At last it seemed
+that two fortunate allies arose to join their cause&mdash;the insurgents
+in Spain and in the little land of Tyrol. No wonder then that
+now British poets sympathised with the victors at the hill of
+Isel, and praised their courage and their leaders, and at last,
+when they were overcome by superior forces, laid the laurel
+wreath of tragic heroism on their graves.</p>
+
+<p>"Thirty or forty years before, English poets would scarcely
+have shown such a lively interest in a war of independence in a
+foreign country. They stood under the curse of narrow-mindedness
+and one-sidedness both in politics and in art, so that their
+smooth-running verses neither sought nor found a response even
+in the hearts of their own fellow-countrymen. The poets who
+appeared before the public in the year 1798 with the famous
+'Lyrical Ballads' were the first to strike out a new path.
+Although differing considerably from one another in other
+respects, they agreed in their opposition to the conventionality
+of the old school."</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="letter-spacing: 3em;">&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;&middot;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span>"Wordsworth lived in a simple little house on the romantic
+lake of Grasmere, in the heart of the mountains of Westmoreland.
+He studied more in his walks over heath and field than
+in books, and entered with interest into the questions affecting
+the good of the country people around him. All this of
+necessity impelled him to take a warm interest in the herdsmen
+of the Alps.</p>
+
+<p>"But the Tyrolese inspired him with still greater interest on
+political grounds. Like all the lake poets, he was an enthusiastic
+admirer, not of the French revolution, but of the republic
+as long as it seemed to desire the realization of the ideas of
+Liberty, Fraternity, Equality, and the rest of Rousseau's Arcadian
+notions; and it was a bitter disillusion for him, as well as for
+Klopstock, when this much-praised home of the free rights of
+man resolved itself into the empire of Napoleon. From this
+moment he took his place on the side of the enemies of France,
+and particularly on the side of the Tyrolese, since they had never
+lost the natural simplicity of their habits, and had regained the
+hereditary freedom, of which they had been deprived, with the
+sword. Thus arose the curious paradox, that a republican poet
+glorified spontaneously the cause of an exceedingly monarchical
+and conservative country.</p>
+
+<p>"Wordsworth gave vent to his enthusiasm in six sonnets,
+which, as far as power of language and vigour of thought are
+concerned, form interesting companion-pieces to the poems of
+the contemporary Tyrolese poet Alois Weissenbach. In the
+first three sonnets the splendour of the Alpine world, which he
+knew from his journeys in Switzerland, forms the background
+of the picture. In the foreground he sees a band of brave and
+daring men, in whose hearts he thought he could find all his
+own moral pathos. Many of the features which he has introduced
+certainly show more ideal fancy than knowledge of detail;
+but it was not his purpose to compose a correct report of the
+war, but to give an exciting description of the heroes of this
+struggle for independence, in order that, even though they
+themselves should be overpowered, their spirit might arise again
+among his own fellow-countrymen. In the fourth sonnet, in
+his enthusiasm for the Tyrolese, he has treated the German
+universities with unnecessary severity; but this does not prove
+any intentional want of fairness on his part, for at that time our
+universities stood under general discredit in England as the hotbeds
+of the wildest metaphysics and political dreams. The events
+of the year 1813 would probably induce Wordsworth to view them
+in a more favourable light. Similarly the sixth sonnet is not quite<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span>
+just to Austria; in particular Wordsworth has made decidedly
+too little allowance for the fact that the Emperor Franz I. ceded
+the Tyrol quite against his own will under the pressure of
+circumstances. But in this case we must not simply impute all
+the blame to the poet; for as we see from the diary of his friend
+Southey, his information as to the doings of Austria was of a
+most vague and unfavourable character. We, however, cannot
+have any wish to impute to Austria the sins of ill-advised
+diplomacy."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The following are Herr Brandl's German translations of
+five of Wordsworth's sonnets:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="sonnet"><em class="antiqua">1</em></h3>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet2"><em class="antiqua">Andreas Hofer.</em></h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Von Sterblichen geboren sei der Held,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Der den Tirolern todeskühn gebeut?</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Ist etwa Tell's Geist aus der Ewigkeit</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Gekehrt, zu wecken die verlor'ne Welt?</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Er kommt wie Phöbus aus dem Morgenzelt,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Wenn sich die Finsterniß der Nacht zerstreut,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Und doch, wie schlicht! Ein Falkenschweif nur dreut</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Von seinem Hut und füllt sein Wappenfeld.</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">O Freiheit! Wie der Feind erbebt in Rücken</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Und Front und gerne flöh' in <span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">einer</span> Fluth,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Wär' er nicht halb bedeckt von Felsenstücken,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Gewälzt von dieses Kämpfers Göttermuth!</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Geeint sind Berg, Wald, Wildbach, zu erdrücken</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Hohnlachend den Tyrann und seine Wuth.</em><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet"><em class="antiqua">2</em><a name="FNanchor_B_474" id="FNanchor_B_474"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_474" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></h3>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Freiheit, ersteig aus deinem Heimatsland</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Tirol! du Mädchen ernst und unzähmbar</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Und lieblich doch, der Berge Kind fürwahr!</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Ein Echo zwischen Fels und Alpenwand.</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Und über Gletschern bist du festgebannt;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Ein Echo, das die Jagd im Morgengrau</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Vom Schlaf' aufscheucht, daß Berg und Wald und Au</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Und Höhle dröhnen, wo's unsichtbar stand,</em></span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span><span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Sein Spiel verkündend. So urplötzlich strahl',</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Du hehre Macht, hervor im Siegeslauf</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Durch Wolkenwust, von Klippenknauf zu Knauf,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Durch Almenhütten, durch das grüne Thal;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">In dir dann jauchzen alle Alpen auf</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Hier, dort und überall mit <span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">einem</span> Mal!</em><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet"><em class="antiqua">3</em></h3>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet4"><em class="antiqua">Gefühle der Tiroler.</em></h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">»Das Land ist uns vertraut vom Ahngeschlecht:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">So sei's vererbt&mdash;und kost' es auch das Leben&mdash;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Den Kindern: das ist Pflicht und fromm und eben;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Natur und Gott, sie nennen es gerecht.</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Wir <span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">müssen</span> thun, was möglich, im Gefecht:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Sieh' dies Gebot im Kindesauge leben,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Von Frauenlippen, aus dem Aether schweben;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Ihr Väter selbst aus Grabesmoder sprecht</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Es laut empor.&mdash;So kling' in Sangesbraus</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Der alten Lieder herzliche Musik!</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua">Einstimmen Hirt und Heerde in den Reihen!</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Ein opferwillig' Häuflein zieh'n wir aus,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Die Waffen in den Händen, Muth im Blick,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua">Der Tugend treu, die Menschheit zu befreien.«</em><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h3 class="sonnet"><em class="antiqua">4</em></h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Was nützt, ach! langes sittenkluges Streiten,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Das man aus »gut« und »böse« preßt mit Müh';</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Was dummer Fleiß, zu höh'n die Energie</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Und zu transcendentaler Ruh' zu leiten,</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Daß jede Leidenschaft sich lasse reiten</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Von der Vernunft in Allsuprematie:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Ist das nicht seltsam eitle Theorie,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Wenn Deutschland trotz so viel Spitzfindigkeiten</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Dem rohen Schwert erliegt? Erröthen sollen</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Die hohen Schulen! Müssen wir nicht sagen:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Mehr wußten wenig Regeln, starkes Wollen</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua">Durch schlichte Alpenhirten auszuführen</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Für's Menschenwohl in diesen Unglückstagen,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua">Als alles stolze Metaphysiciren?</em><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet"><em class="antiqua">5</em></h3>
+
+<h3 class="sonnet3"><em class="antiqua">Auf die schließliche Unterwerfung der Tiroler.</em><br /></h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Ist einer <span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">guten</span> Sache galt ihr Schlagen;</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Wie hätten bei der Throne Niederfahrt</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Sonst sie, die armen Schäfer, sich bewahrt</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Begeisternd hohen Sinn und kräftig Wagen?</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Auch hat ihr Kampf für's Gute frucht getragen:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Weckt nicht ihr Ruhm, die große Denkungsart</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Auch uns den Muth, mit Rechtsgefühl gepaart,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Der nicht zu kaufen ist, nicht zu zernagen?</em><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Schlaft, Kämpfer! Unter euren Bergen ruht!</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Dem strengsten Richter kann es nicht entgehen:</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua">Nie kannte euer <span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">Herz</span> das Retiriren.</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><em class="antiqua">Und bricht in höchster Pein und Rachewuth</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i1"><em class="antiqua">Europa los, so sollt ihr auferstehen,</em><br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><em class="antiqua"><span style="letter-spacing: .25em;">Ganz</span> über euern Feind zu triumphiren!</em><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_474" id="Footnote_B_474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_474"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <em class="antiqua">Sonette 2 und 4 sind unbetitelt.</em></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="AND_IS_IT_AMONG_RUDE_UNTUTORED" id="AND_IS_IT_AMONG_RUDE_UNTUTORED"></a>"AND IS IT AMONG RUDE UNTUTORED
+DALES"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_477" id="FNanchor_A_477"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_477" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<p>This and the remaining sonnets of 1809 were placed among
+those "dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And is it among rude untutored Dales,<a name="FNanchor_1_475" id="FNanchor_1_475"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_475" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There, and there only, that the heart is true?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, rising to repel or to subdue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is it by rocks and woods that man prevails?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah no! though Nature's dread protection fails,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There is a bulwark in the soul.<a name="FNanchor_2_476" id="FNanchor_2_476"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_476" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></span> This knew<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span><span class="i0">Iberian Burghers when the sword they drew<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Zaragoza, naked to the gales<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of fiercely-breathing war. The truth was felt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By Palafox, and many a brave compeer,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like him of noble birth and noble mind;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By ladies, meek-eyed women without fear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wanderers of the street, to whom is dealt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bread which without industry they find.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Palafox-y-Melzi, Don Joseph (1780-1847), immortalized by
+his heroic defence of Saragossa in 1808-9. He was of an old
+Aragon family, and entered the Spanish army at an early age.
+In 1808, when twenty-nine years of age, he was appointed
+governor of Saragossa, by the people of the town, who were
+menaced by the French armies. He defended it with a few
+men, against immense odds, and compelled the French to
+abandon the siege, after sixty-one days' attack, and the loss of
+thousands. Saragossa, however, was too important to lose, and
+Marshals Mortier and Moncy renewed the siege with a large
+army. Palafox (twice defeated outside) retired to the fortress
+as before, where the men, women, and children fought in
+defence, till the city was almost a heap of ruins. Typhus
+attacked the garrison within, while the French army assailed it
+from without. Palafox, smitten by the fever, had to give up
+the command to another, who signed a capitulation next day.
+He was sent a prisoner to Vincennes, and kept there for nearly
+five years, till the restoration of Ferdinand VII., when he was
+sent back on a secret mission to Madrid. In 1814 he was
+appointed Captain-General of Aragon; but for about thirty
+years&mdash;till his death in 1847&mdash;he took no part in public affairs.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_475" id="Footnote_1_475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_475"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... vales,      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_476" id="Footnote_2_476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_476"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The word "soul" was <i>italicised</i> in the editions of 1809 to
+1832.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_477" id="Footnote_A_477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_477"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In Coleridge's <i>Friend</i>, December 21.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="OER_THE_WIDE_EARTH_ON_MOUNTAIN" id="OER_THE_WIDE_EARTH_ON_MOUNTAIN"></a>"O'ER THE WIDE EARTH, ON MOUNTAIN
+AND ON PLAIN"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_478" id="FNanchor_A_478"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_478" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dwells in the affections and the soul of man</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">A Godhead, like the universal <span class="smcap">Pan</span>;<a name="FNanchor_B_479" id="FNanchor_B_479"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_479" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But more exalted, with a brighter train:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And shall his bounty be dispensed in vain,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Showered equally on city and on field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And neither hope nor stedfast promise yield<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In these usurping times of fear and pain?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such doom awaits us. Nay, forbid it Heaven!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We know the arduous strife, the eternal laws    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To which the triumph of all good is given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High sacrifice, and labour without pause,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even to the death:&mdash;else wherefore should the eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of man converse with immortality?<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_478" id="Footnote_A_478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_478"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In Coleridge's <i>Friend</i>, December 21.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_479" id="Footnote_B_479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_479"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare Aubrey de Vere's <i>Picturesque Sketches of Greece and Turkey</i>,
+vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>
+</p><p>
+In <i>The Friend</i> (edition 1812), the following footnote occurs&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8">"... universal Pan,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Knit with the graces and the hours in dance,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Led on the eternal spring.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Milton</span>."      <span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HAIL_ZARAGOZA_IF_WITH_UNWET_EYE" id="HAIL_ZARAGOZA_IF_WITH_UNWET_EYE"></a>"HAIL, ZARAGOZA! IF WITH UNWET EYE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We can approach, thy sorrow to behold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet is the heart not pitiless nor cold;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such spectacle demands not tear or sigh.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These desolate remains are trophies high    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of more than martial courage in the breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of peaceful civic virtue:<a name="FNanchor_A_481" id="FNanchor_A_481"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_481" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> they attest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy matchless worth to all posterity.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blood flowed before thy sight without remorse;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disease consumed thy vitals; War upheaved    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ground beneath thee with volcanic force:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dread trials! yet encountered and sustained</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Till not a wreck of help or hope remained,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And law was from necessity<a name="FNanchor_1_480" id="FNanchor_1_480"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_480" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> received.<a name="FNanchor_B_482" id="FNanchor_B_482"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_482" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See note to the sonnet beginning "And is it among rude untutored
+Dales" (<a href="#Page_222">p. 222</a>). "Saragossa surrendered February 20,
+1809, after a heroic defence, which may recall the sieges of
+Numantiaor Saguntum. Every street, almost every house, had
+been hotly contested; the monks, and even the women, had
+taken a conspicuous share in the defence; more than 40,000
+bodies of both sexes and every age testified to the obstinate
+courage of the besieged." (See Dyer's <i>History of Modern Europe</i>,
+vol. iv. p. 496.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_480" id="Footnote_1_480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_480"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The word "necessity" was <i>italicised</i> in the editions of 1815
+to 1843.</p></div>
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_481" id="Footnote_A_481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_481"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare a passage in Wordsworth's Essay <i>Concerning the Convention
+of Cintra</i> (1809, pp. 180-1), beginning "Most gloriously have the Citizens of
+Saragossa proved that the true army of Spain, in a contest of this nature, is
+the whole people."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_482" id="Footnote_B_482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_482"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> The beginning is imitated from an Italian Sonnet.&mdash;W. W. 1815.
+</p><p>
+In 1837 Wordsworth put it thus, "In this Sonnet I am under some
+obligations to one of an Italian author, to which I cannot refer." But it is
+to be noted that in the edition of 1837, this note does not refer to the sonnet
+on Saragossa, but to that beginning "O, for a kindling touch from that pure
+flame," belonging to the year 1816. In subsequent editions the note is reappended
+to this sonnet beginning "Hail, Zaragoza!"&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SAY_WHAT_IS_HONOUR_TIS_THE" id="SAY_WHAT_IS_HONOUR_TIS_THE"></a>"SAY, WHAT IS HONOUR?&mdash;'TIS THE
+FINEST SENSE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Say, what is Honour?&mdash;'Tis the finest sense<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of <i>justice</i> which the human mind can frame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And guard the way of life from all offence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Suffered or done. When lawless violence    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Invades a Realm, so pressed that in the scale<a name="FNanchor_1_483" id="FNanchor_1_483"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_483" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of perilous war her weightiest armies fail,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Honour is hopeful elevation,&mdash;whence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glory, and triumph. Yet with politic skill<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Endangered States may yield to terms unjust;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span><span class="i0">Stoop their proud heads, but not unto the dust&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Foe's most favourite purpose to fulfil:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Happy occasions oft by self-mistrust<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are forfeited; but infamy doth kill.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_483" id="Footnote_1_483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_483"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">A Kingdom doth assault, and in the scale      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BRAVE_SCHILL_BY_DEATH_DELIVERED" id="BRAVE_SCHILL_BY_DEATH_DELIVERED"></a>"BRAVE SCHILL! BY DEATH DELIVERED,
+TAKE THY FLIGHT"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Prussia's timid region. Go, and rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With heroes, 'mid the islands of the Blest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or in the fields of empyrean light.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A meteor wert thou crossing a dark night:<a name="FNanchor_1_484" id="FNanchor_1_484"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_484" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet shall thy name, conspicuous and sublime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stand in the spacious firmament of time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fixed as a star: such glory is thy right.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! it may not be: for earthly fame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is Fortune's frail dependant; yet their lives    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Judge, who, as man claims by merit, gives;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To whose all-pondering mind a noble aim,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Faithfully kept, is as a noble deed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In whose pure sight all virtue doth succeed.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Ferdinand von Schill, a distinguished Prussian officer, born
+1773, entered the army 1789, was seriously wounded in the
+battle of Jena, but took the field again at the head of a free
+corps. Indignant at the subjection of his country to Buonaparte,
+he resolved to make a great effort for the liberation of Germany,
+collected a small body of troops, and commenced operations on
+the Elbe; but after a few successes was overpowered and slain
+at Stralsund, May 31, 1809. On June 4, 1809, Wordsworth
+writing to Daniel Stewart, editor of <i>The Courier</i> newspaper,
+says, "Many thanks for the newspaper. Schill is a fine fellow."
+The sonnet was doubtless inspired by what he thus heard of
+Schill.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_484" id="Footnote_1_484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_484"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... in a darksome night:&nbsp;  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CALL_NOT_THE_ROYAL_SWEDE" id="CALL_NOT_THE_ROYAL_SWEDE"></a>"CALL NOT THE ROYAL SWEDE
+UNFORTUNATE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Call not the royal Swede unfortunate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who never did to Fortune bend the knee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who slighted fear; rejected steadfastly<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Temptation; and whose kingly name and state<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have "perished by his choice, and not his fate!"    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence lives He, to his inner self endeared;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hence, wherever virtue is revered,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He sits a more exalted Potentate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Throned in the hearts of men. Should Heaven ordain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That this great Servant of a righteous cause    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must still have sad or vexing thoughts to endure,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet may a sympathizing spirit pause,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Admonished by these truths, and quench all pain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In thankful joy and gratulation pure.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The royal Swede, "who never did to Fortune bend the knee,"
+was Gustavus IV. He abdicated in 1809, and came to London
+at the close of the year 1810. Compare the earlier sonnet on
+the same King of Sweden (vol. ii. p. 338), beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The Voice of song from distant lands shall call.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the edition of 1827, Wordsworth added the following
+note:&mdash;"In this and a former Sonnet, in honour of the same
+Sovereign, let me be understood as a Poet availing himself of
+the situation which the King of Sweden occupied, and of
+the principles avowed in his manifestos; as laying hold of
+these advantages for the purpose of embodying moral truths.
+This remark might, perhaps, as well have been suppressed;
+for to those who may be in sympathy with the course of these
+Poems, it will be superfluous; and will, I fear, be thrown away
+upon that other class, whose besotted admiration of the intoxicated
+despot here placed in contrast with him, is the most
+melancholy evidence of degradation in British feeling and
+intellect which the times have furnished."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="LOOK_NOW_ON_THAT_ADVENTURER_WHO" id="LOOK_NOW_ON_THAT_ADVENTURER_WHO"></a>"LOOK NOW ON THAT ADVENTURER WHO
+HATH PAID"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His vows to Fortune; who, in cruel slight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of virtuous hope, of liberty, and right,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath followed wheresoe'er a way was made<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By the blind Goddess,&mdash;ruthless, undismayed;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so hath gained at length a prosperous height,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Round which the elements of worldly might<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath his haughty feet, like clouds, are laid.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O joyless power that stands by lawless force!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Curses are <i>his</i> dire portion, scorn, and hate,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Internal darkness and unquiet breath;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, if old judgments keep their sacred course,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Him from that height shall Heaven precipitate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By violent and ignominious death.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The "Adventurer" who "paid his vows to Fortune," in
+contrast to the royal Swede "who never did to Fortune bend
+the knee," was of course Napoleon Buonaparte.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IS_THERE_A_POWER_THAT_CAN_SUSTAIN" id="IS_THERE_A_POWER_THAT_CAN_SUSTAIN"></a>"IS THERE A POWER THAT CAN SUSTAIN
+AND CHEER"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1809.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Is there a power that can sustain and cheer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The captive chieftain, by a tyrant's doom,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forced to descend into his destined tomb&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_1_485" id="FNanchor_1_485"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_485" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A dungeon dark! where he must waste the year,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And lie cut off from all his heart holds dear;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What time his injured country is a stage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whereon deliberate Valour and the rage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of righteous Vengeance side by side appear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Filling from morn to night the heroic scene<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With deeds of hope and everlasting praise:&mdash;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Say can he think of this with mind serene<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And silent fetters? Yes, if visions bright<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shine on his soul, reflected from the days<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When he himself was tried in open light.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This may refer to Palafox, alluded to in the sonnet (<a href="#Page_222">p. 222</a>)
+beginning, "And is it among rude untutored Dales," and in
+the one next in order in the series (<a href="#Page_223">p. 223</a>); although, from the
+latter sonnet, it would seem that Wordsworth did not know
+that Palafox was, in 1809, a prisoner at Vincennes.</p>
+
+<p>In his edition of the poems published in 1837, Professor
+Henry Reed of Philadelphia said, "He must be dull of heart
+who, in perusing this series of Poems 'dedicated to Liberty,'
+does not feel his affection for his own country&mdash;wherever it
+may be&mdash;and his love of freedom, under whatever form of
+government his lot may have been cast&mdash;at once invigorated and
+chastened into a purer and more thoughtful emotion."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_485" id="Footnote_1_485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_485"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Forced to descend alive into his tomb,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1815 was re-adopted in 1838; the text of 1840
+returned to that of 1837.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>EPITAPHS TRANSLATED FROM CHIABRERA</h2>
+
+
+<p>[Those from Chiabrera were chiefly translated when Mr.
+Coleridge was writing his <i>Friend</i>, in which periodical my
+"Essay on Epitaphs," written about that time, was first
+published. For further notice of Chiabrera, in connection with
+his Epitaphs, see <i>Musings near Aquapendente</i>.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>It is better to print all the Epitaphs from Chiabrera together,
+than to spread them out over the years when they were written
+or published. Some of them were certainly written in 1809, or
+at least before 1810; others at a later date. But it is impossible
+to say in what year those published after 1810 were composed.
+They are all to be found in the class of "Epitaphs and Elegiac
+Pieces."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="WEEP_NOT_BELOVED_FRIENDS" id="WEEP_NOT_BELOVED_FRIENDS"></a>I</h3>
+
+<h3>"WEEP NOT, BELOVÈD FRIENDS! NOR LET
+THE AIR"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1837</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Weep not, belovèd Friends! nor let the air<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For me with sighs be troubled. Not from life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have I been taken; this is genuine life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And this alone&mdash;the life which now I live<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In peace eternal; where desire and joy    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Together move in fellowship without end.&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Francesco Ceni willed that, after death,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His tombstone thus should speak for him.<a name="FNanchor_1_486" id="FNanchor_1_486"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_486" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> And surely<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Small cause there is for that fond wish of ours<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long to continue in this world; a world    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That keeps not faith, nor yet can point a hope<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To good, whereof itself is destitute.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_486" id="Footnote_1_486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_486"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1849.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Francesco Ceni after death enjoined</span><br />
+<span class="var">That thus his tomb should speak for him ...      <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="PERHAPS_SOME_NEEDFUL_SERVICE" id="PERHAPS_SOME_NEEDFUL_SERVICE"></a>II</h3>
+
+<h3>"PERHAPS SOME NEEDFUL SERVICE OF
+THE STATE"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1810<a name="FNanchor_A_490" id="FNanchor_A_490"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_490" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Perhaps some needful service of the State<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Drew <span class="smcap">Titus</span> from the depth of studious bowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And doomed him to contend in faithless courts,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where gold determines between right and wrong.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Yet did at length his loyalty of heart,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And his pure native genius, lead him back<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To wait upon the bright and gracious Muses,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom he had early loved. And not in vain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such course he held! Bologna's learned schools<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were gladdened by the Sage's voice, and hung    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With fondness on those sweet Nestorian strains.<a name="FNanchor_1_487" id="FNanchor_1_487"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_487" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There pleasure crowned his days; and all his thoughts<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A roseate fragrance breathed.<a name="FNanchor_2_488" id="FNanchor_2_488"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_488" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><a name="FNanchor_B_491" id="FNanchor_B_491"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_491" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>&mdash;O human life,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That never art secure from dolorous change!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Behold a high injunction suddenly    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Arno's side hath brought him,<a name="FNanchor_3_489" id="FNanchor_3_489"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_489" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> and he charmed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Tuscan audience: but full soon was called<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the perpetual silence of the grave.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mourn, Italy, the loss of him who stood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Champion stedfast and invincible,    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To quell the rage of literary War!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_487" id="Footnote_1_487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_487"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Nestrian      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_488" id="Footnote_2_488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_488"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">There did he live content; and all his thoughts</span><br />
+<span class="var">Were blithe as vernal flowers.&mdash;      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_489" id="Footnote_3_489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_489"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">To Arno's side conducts him,      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_490" id="Footnote_A_490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_490"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, February 22.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_491" id="Footnote_B_491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_491"><span class="label">[B]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ivi vivea giocondo ei suoi pensieri</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Erano tutti rose.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+The Translator had not skill to come nearer to his original.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="III" id="III"></a><a name="O_THOU_WHO_MOVEST_ONWARD" id="O_THOU_WHO_MOVEST_ONWARD"></a>III</h3>
+
+<h3>"O THOU WHO MOVEST ONWARD WITH A
+MIND"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1810<a name="FNanchor_A_493" id="FNanchor_A_493"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_493" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O Thou who movest onward with a mind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intent upon thy way, pause, though in haste!</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">'Twill be no fruitless moment. I was born<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within Savona's walls, of gentle blood.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On Tiber's banks my youth was dedicate    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To sacred studies; and the Roman Shepherd<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gave to my charge Urbino's numerous flock.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Well<a name="FNanchor_1_492" id="FNanchor_1_492"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_492" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> did I watch, much laboured, nor had power<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To escape from many and strange indignities;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was smitten by the great ones of the world,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But did not fall; for Virtue braves all shocks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon herself resting immoveably.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Me did a kindlier fortune then invite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To serve the glorious Henry, King of France,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in his hands I saw a high reward    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stretched out for my acceptance,&mdash;but Death came.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now, Reader, learn from this my fate, how false,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How treacherous to her promise, is the world;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And trust in God&mdash;to whose eternal doom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must bend the sceptred Potentates of earth.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_492" id="Footnote_1_492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_492"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Much ...      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_493" id="Footnote_A_493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_493"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, February 22.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="IV" id="IV"></a><a name="THERE_NEVER_BREATHED_A_MAN" id="THERE_NEVER_BREATHED_A_MAN"></a>IV</h3>
+
+<h3>"THERE NEVER BREATHED A MAN WHO,
+WHEN HIS LIFE"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_497" id="FNanchor_A_497"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_497" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">There never breathed a man who, when his life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was closing, might not of that life relate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Toils long and hard.&mdash;The warrior will report<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of wounds, and bright swords flashing in the field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And blast of trumpets. He who hath been doomed    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To bow his forehead in the courts of kings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will tell of fraud and never-ceasing hate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Envy and heart-inquietude, derived</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">From intricate cabals of treacherous friends.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I, who on shipboard lived from earliest youth,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could represent the countenance horrible<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the vexed waters, and the indignant rage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Auster and Boötes. Fifty<a name="FNanchor_1_494" id="FNanchor_1_494"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_494" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> years<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Over the well-steered galleys did I rule:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From huge Pelorus to the Atlantic pillars,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rises no mountain to mine eyes unknown;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the broad gulfs I traversed oft and oft:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of every cloud which in the heavens might stir<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I knew the force; and hence the rough sea's pride<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Availed not to my Vessel's overthrow.    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What noble pomp and frequent have not I<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On regal decks beheld! yet in the end<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I learned<a name="FNanchor_2_495" id="FNanchor_2_495"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_495" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> that one poor moment can suffice<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To equalise the lofty and the low.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We sail the sea of life&mdash;a <i>Calm</i> One finds,    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And One a <i>Tempest</i>&mdash;and, the voyage o'er,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Death is the quiet haven of us all.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If more of my condition ye would know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Savona was my birth-place, and I sprang<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of noble parents: seventy<a name="FNanchor_3_496" id="FNanchor_3_496"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_496" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> years and three    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lived I&mdash;then yielded to a slow disease.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_494" id="Footnote_1_494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_494"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Forty      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_495" id="Footnote_2_495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_495"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">I learn ...      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_496" id="Footnote_3_496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_496"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... sixty ...      <span class="yearnum">1809.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_497" id="Footnote_A_497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_497"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, December 28.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="V" id="V"></a><a name="TRUE_IS_IT_THAT_AMBROSIO_SALINERO" id="TRUE_IS_IT_THAT_AMBROSIO_SALINERO"></a>V</h3>
+
+<h3>"TRUE IS IT THAT AMBROSIO SALINERO"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1837</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">True is it that Ambrosio Salinero<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With an untoward fate was long involved</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">In odious litigation; and full long,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fate harder still! had he to endure assaults<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of racking malady. And true it is    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That not the less a frank courageous heart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And buoyant spirit triumphed over pain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And he was strong to follow in the steps<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the fair Muses. Not a covert path<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Leads to the dear Parnassian forest's shade,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That might from him be hidden; not a track<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mounts to pellucid Hippocrene, but he<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had traced its windings.&mdash;This Savona knows,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet no sepulchral honours to her Son<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She paid, for in our age the heart is ruled    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only by gold. And now a simple stone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inscribed with this memorial here is raised<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By his bereft, his lonely, Chiabrera.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think not, O Passenger! who read'st the lines<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That an exceeding love hath dazzled me;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No&mdash;he was One whose memory ought to spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where'er Permessus bears an honoured name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And live as long as its pure stream shall flow.<a name="FNanchor_A_498" id="FNanchor_A_498"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_498" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_498" id="Footnote_A_498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_498"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare S. T. Coleridge's poem, <i>A Tombless Epitaph</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="DESTINED_TO_WAR_FROM_VERY_INFANCY" id="DESTINED_TO_WAR_FROM_VERY_INFANCY"></a>VI</h3>
+
+<h3>"DESTINED TO WAR FROM VERY INFANCY"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1809<a name="FNanchor_A_499" id="FNanchor_A_499"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_499" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Destined to war from very infancy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was I, Roberto Dati, and I took<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Malta the white symbol of the Cross:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor in life's vigorous season did I shun<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hazard or toil; among the sands was seen    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Libya; and not seldom, on the banks</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of wide Hungarian Danube, 'twas my lot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To hear the sanguinary trumpet sounded.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So lived I, and repined not at such fate:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This only grieves me, for it seems a wrong,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That stripped of arms I to my end am brought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the soft down of my paternal home.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet haply Arno shall be spared all cause<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To blush for me. Thou, loiter not nor halt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In thy appointed way, and bear in mind    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How fleeting and how frail is human life!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_499" id="Footnote_A_499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_499"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, December 28.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><a name="VII" id="VII"></a><a name="O_FLOWER_OF_ALL_THAT_SPRINGS" id="O_FLOWER_OF_ALL_THAT_SPRINGS"></a>VII</h3>
+
+<h3>"O FLOWER OF ALL THAT SPRINGS FROM
+GENTLE BLOOD"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1837</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O flower of all that springs from gentle blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all that generous nurture breeds to make<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Youth amiable; O friend so true of soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To fair Aglaia; by what envy moved,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lelius! has death cut short thy brilliant day    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In its sweet opening? and what dire mishap<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Has from Savona torn her best delight?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For thee she mourns, nor e'er will cease to mourn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, should the out-pourings of her eyes suffice not<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For her heart's grief, she will entreat Sebeto    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not to withhold his bounteous aid, Sebeto<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who saw thee, on his margin, yield to death,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the chaste arms of thy belovèd Love!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What profit riches? what does youth avail?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dust are our hopes;&mdash;I, weeping bitterly,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Penned these sad lines, nor can forbear to pray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That every gentle Spirit hither led<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May read them not without some bitter tears.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="VIII" id="VIII"></a><a name="NOT_WITHOUT_HEAVY_GRIEF_OF_HEART" id="NOT_WITHOUT_HEAVY_GRIEF_OF_HEART"></a>VIII</h3>
+
+<h3>"NOT WITHOUT HEAVY GRIEF OF HEART
+DID HE"</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1810<a name="FNanchor_A_500" id="FNanchor_A_500"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_500" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Not without heavy grief of heart did He<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On whom the duty fell (for at that time<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The father sojourned in a distant land)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Deposit in the hollow of this tomb<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A brother's Child, most tenderly beloved!    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">Francesco</span> was the name the Youth had borne,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">Pozzobonnelli</span> his illustrious house;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, when beneath this stone the Corse was laid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The eyes of all Savona streamed with tears.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! the twentieth April of his life    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had scarcely flowered: and at this early time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By genuine virtue he inspired a hope<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That greatly cheered his country: to his kin<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He promised comfort; and the flattering thoughts<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His friends had in their fondness entertained,<a name="FNanchor_B_501" id="FNanchor_B_501"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_501" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He suffered not to languish or decay.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now is there not good reason to break forth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Into a passionate lament?&mdash;O Soul!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Short while a Pilgrim in our nether world,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do thou enjoy the calm empyreal air;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And round this earthly tomb let roses rise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An everlasting spring! in memory<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of that delightful fragrance which was once<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From thy mild manners quietly exhaled.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_500" id="Footnote_A_500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_500"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, January 4.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_501" id="Footnote_B_501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_501"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> In justice to the Author I subjoin the original&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6h">... e degli amici</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Non lasciava languire i bei pensieri.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="IX" id="IX"></a><a name="PAUSE_COURTEOUS_SPIRIT" id="PAUSE_COURTEOUS_SPIRIT"></a>IX</h3>
+
+<h3>"PAUSE, COURTEOUS SPIRIT!&mdash;BALBI
+SUPPLICATES"<a name="FNanchor_A_505" id="FNanchor_A_505"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_505" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h3>
+
+<p class="center">Published 1810<a name="FNanchor_B_506" id="FNanchor_B_506"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_506" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Pause, courteous Spirit!&mdash;Balbi supplicates<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Thou, with no reluctant voice, for him<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here laid in mortal darkness, wouldst prefer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A prayer to the Redeemer of the world.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This to the dead by sacred right belongs;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All else is nothing.&mdash;Did occasion suit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To tell his worth, the marble of this tomb<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would ill suffice: for Plato's lore sublime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all the wisdom of the Stagyrite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Enriched and beautified his studious mind:    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Archimedes also he conversed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As with a chosen friend; nor did he leave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those laureat wreaths ungathered which the Nymphs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Twine near their loved Permessus.<a name="FNanchor_1_502" id="FNanchor_1_502"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_502" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>&mdash;Finally,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Himself above each lower thought uplifting,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His ears he closed to listen to the songs<a name="FNanchor_2_503" id="FNanchor_2_503"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_503" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which Sion's Kings did consecrate of old;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And his Permessus found on Lebanon.<a name="FNanchor_3_504" id="FNanchor_3_504"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_504" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A blessèd Man! who of protracted days<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Made not, as thousands do, a vulgar sleep;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span><span class="i0">But truly did <i>He</i> live his life. Urbino,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Take pride in him!&mdash;O Passenger, farewell!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I have been unable to obtain any definite information in
+reference to the persons commemorated in these epitaphs by
+Chiabrera: Francesco Ceni, Titus, Ambrosio Salinero, Roberto
+Dati, Lelius, Francesco Pozzobonnelli, and Balbi. Mr. W.
+M. Rossetti writes to me that he "supposes all the men named
+by Chiabrera to be such as enjoyed a certain local and temporary
+reputation, which has hardly passed down to any sort of posterity,
+and certainly not to the ordinary English reader."</p>
+
+<p>Chiabrera was born at Savona on the 8th of June 1552, and
+educated at Rome. He entered the service of Cardinal Cornaro,
+married in his 50th year, lived to the age of 85, and died
+October 14, 1637. His poetical faculty showed itself late.
+"Having commenced to read the Greek writers at home, he
+conceived a great admiration for Pindar, and strove successfully
+to imitate him. He was not less happy in catching the naïve
+and pleasant spirit of Anacreon; his canzonetti being distinguished
+for their ease and elegance, while his <i>Lettere Famigliari</i>
+was the first attempt to introduce the poetical epistle into
+Italian Literature. He wrote also several epics, bucolics, and
+dramatic poems. His <i>Opere</i> appeared at Venice, in 6 vols., in
+1768."</p>
+
+<p>Wordsworth says of him, in his <i>Essay on Epitaphs</i>, where
+translations of two of those Epitaphs of Chiabrera first appeared
+(see <i>The Friend</i>, February 22, 1810, and notes to <i>The Excursion</i>)&mdash;"His
+life was long, and every part of it bore appropriate
+fruits. Urbino, his birth-place, might be proud of him, and
+the passenger who was entreated to pray for his soul has a wish
+breathed for his welfare.... The Epitaphs of Chiabrera are
+twenty-nine in number, and all of them, save two, upon men
+probably little known at this day in their own country, and
+scarcely at all beyond the limits of it; and the reader is
+generally made acquainted with the moral and intellectual
+excellence which distinguished them by a brief history of the
+course of their lives, or a selection of events and circumstances,
+and thus they are individualized; but in the two other instances,
+namely, in those of Tasso and Raphael, he enters into no
+particulars, but contents himself with four lines expressing one
+sentiment, upon the principle laid down in the former part of
+this discourse, when the subject of the epitaph is a man of
+prime note...."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span>Compare the poem <i>Musings near Aquapendente</i>. In reference
+to the places referred to in these Epitaphs of Chiabrera, it
+may be mentioned that Savona (Epitaphs <a href="#III"><span class="allcapsc">III.</span></a>, <a href="#IV"><span class="allcapsc">IV.</span></a>, <a href="#V"><span class="allcapsc">V.</span></a>, <a href="#VII"><span class="allcapsc">VII.</span></a>, <a href="#VIII"><span class="allcapsc">VIII.</span></a>)
+is a town in the Genovese territory; Permessus (Epitaphs <a href="#V"><span class="allcapsc">V.</span></a>
+and <a href="#IX"><span class="allcapsc">IX.</span></a>) a river of B&oelig;otia, rising in Mount Helicon and flowing
+round it, hence sacred to the Muses; and that the fountain
+of Hippocrene&mdash;also referred to in Epitaph <a href="#V"><span class="allcapsc">V.</span></a>&mdash;was not far
+distant. Sebeto (Epitaph <a href="#VII"><span class="allcapsc">VII.</span></a>), now cape Faro, is a Sicilian
+promontory.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_502" id="Footnote_1_502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_502"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Twine on the top of Pindus.&mdash; ...      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_503" id="Footnote_2_503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_503"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... Song      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_504" id="Footnote_3_504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_504"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And fixed his Pindus upon Lebanon.      <span class="yearnum">1810.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_505" id="Footnote_A_505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_505"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Wordsworth's extended commentary on this sonnet in his <i>Essay on
+Epitaphs</i> (see his "Prose Works" in this edition), should here be referred to.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_506" id="Footnote_B_506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_506"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> In <i>The Friend</i>, January 4.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1810" id="Year_1810"></a>1810</h2>
+
+
+<p>As indicated in the editorial note to the poems belonging to
+the year 1809, those of 1810 were mainly sonnets, suggested
+by the events occurring on the Continent of Europe, and the
+patriotic efforts of the Spaniards to resist Napoleon. I have
+assigned the two referring to Flamininus, entitled <a href="#ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT"><i>On a
+Celebrated Event in Ancient History</i></a>, to the same year. They
+were first published in 1815, and seem to have been due to
+the same impulse which led Wordsworth to write the "Sonnets
+dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="AH_WHERE_IS_PALAFOX_NOR_TONGUE" id="AH_WHERE_IS_PALAFOX_NOR_TONGUE"></a>"AH! WHERE IS PALAFOX? NOR TONGUE
+NOR PEN"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>All the sonnets of 1810 were "dedicated to Liberty." In
+every edition this poem had for its title the date <i>1810</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Reports of him, his dwelling or his grave!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Does yet the unheard-of vessel ride the wave?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or is she swallowed up, remote from ken<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of pitying human-nature? Once again    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Methinks that we shall hail thee, Champion brave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Redeemed to baffle that imperial Slave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And through all Europe cheer desponding men<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With new-born hope. Unbounded is the might</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Of martyrdom, and fortitude, and right.    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hark, how thy Country triumphs!&mdash;Smilingly<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Eternal looks upon her sword that gleams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like his own lightning, over mountains high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On rampart, and the banks of all her streams.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See notes to sonnets (pp. <a href="#Page_223">223</a> and <a href="#Page_229">229</a>).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IN_DUE_OBSERVANCE_OF_AN_ANCIENT" id="IN_DUE_OBSERVANCE_OF_AN_ANCIENT"></a>"IN DUE OBSERVANCE OF AN ANCIENT
+RITE"</h2>
+
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In due observance of an ancient rite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The rude Biscayans, when their children lie<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dead in the sinless time of infancy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attire the peaceful corse in vestments white;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in like sign of cloudless triumph bright,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They bind the unoffending creature's brows<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With happy garlands of the pure white rose:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then do<a name="FNanchor_1_507" id="FNanchor_1_507"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_507" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> a festal company unite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In choral song; and, while the uplifted cross<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Jesus goes before, the child is borne    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Uncovered to his grave: 'tis closed,&mdash;her loss<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Mother <i>then</i> mourns, as she needs must mourn;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But soon, through Christian faith, is grief subdued;<a name="FNanchor_2_508" id="FNanchor_2_508"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_508" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And joy returns, to brighten fortitude.<a name="FNanchor_3_509" id="FNanchor_3_509"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_509" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_507" id="Footnote_1_507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_507"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">This done, ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_508" id="Footnote_2_508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_508"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Uncovered to his grave.&mdash;Her piteous loss</span><br />
+<span class="var">The lonesome Mother cannot chuse but mourn;</span><br />
+<span class="var">Yet soon by Christian faith is grief subdued,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_509" id="Footnote_3_509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_509"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1838.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And joy attends upon her fortitude.  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or joy returns to brighten fortitude.      <span class="yearnum">1837.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="FEELINGS_OF_A_NOBLE_BISCAYAN_AT_ONE" id="FEELINGS_OF_A_NOBLE_BISCAYAN_AT_ONE"></a>FEELINGS OF A NOBLE BISCAYAN AT ONE
+OF THOSE FUNERALS, 1810</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet, yet, Biscayans! we must meet our Foes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With firmer soul, yet labour to regain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our ancient freedom; else 'twere worse than vain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To gather round the bier these festal shows.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A garland fashioned of the pure white rose    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Becomes not one whose father is a slave:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, bear the infant covered to his grave!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These venerable mountains now enclose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A people sunk in apathy and fear.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If this endure, farewell, for us, all good!    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The awful light of heavenly innocence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will fail to illuminate the infant's bier;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And guilt and shame, from which is no defence,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Descend on all that issues from our blood.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT" id="ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT"></a>ON A CELEBRATED EVENT IN ANCIENT
+HISTORY</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A Roman Master stands on Grecian ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And to the people at the Isthmian Games<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Assembled, He, by a herald's voice, proclaims<a name="FNanchor_1_510" id="FNanchor_1_510"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_510" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">The Liberty of Greece</span>:&mdash;the words rebound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Until all voices in one voice are drowned;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span><span class="i0">Glad acclamation by which air was<a name="FNanchor_2_511" id="FNanchor_2_511"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_511" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> rent!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And birds, high flying in the element,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dropped<a name="FNanchor_3_512" id="FNanchor_3_512"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_512" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> to the earth, astonished at the sound!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet were the thoughtful grieved; and still that voice<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Haunts, with sad echoes, musing Fancy's ear:<a name="FNanchor_4_513" id="FNanchor_4_513"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_513" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! that a <i>Conqueror's</i> words<a name="FNanchor_5_514" id="FNanchor_5_514"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_514" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> should be so dear:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! that a <i>boon</i> could shed such rapturous joys!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A gift of that which is not to be given<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By all the blended powers of Earth and Heaven.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This "Roman Master" "on Grecian ground" was T.
+Quintius Flamininus, one of the ablest and noblest of the
+Roman generals (230-174 <span class="allcapsc">B.C.</span>). He was successful against
+Philip of Macedon, overran Thessaly in 198, and conquered the
+Macedonian army in 197, defeating Philip at Cynoscephalæ.
+He concluded a peace with the vanquished. "In the spring of
+196, the Roman commission arrived in Greece to arrange,
+conjointly with Flamininus, the affairs of the country: they also
+brought with them the terms on which a definite peace was to
+be concluded with Philip.... The Ætolians exerted themselves
+to excite suspicions among the Greeks as to the sincerity of the
+Romans in their dealings with them. Flamininus, however,
+insisted upon immediate compliance with the terms of the
+peace.... In this summer, the Isthmian games were celebrated
+at Corinth, and thousands from all parts of Greece flocked
+thither. Flamininus, accompanied by the ten commissioners,
+entered the assembly, and, at his command, a herald, in name
+of the Roman Senate, proclaimed the freedom and independence
+of Greece. The joy and enthusiasm at this unexpected declaration<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span>
+was beyond all description: the throngs of people that
+crowded around Flamininus to catch a sight of their liberator or
+touch his garment were so enormous, that even his life was
+endangered." (Smith's <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography</i>:
+Art. Flamininus, No. 4.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_510" id="Footnote_1_510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_510"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">And to the Concourse of the Isthmian Games</span><br />
+<span class="var">He, by his Herald's voice, aloud proclaims      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_511" id="Footnote_2_511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_511"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... is ...      <span class="yearnum">1838.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_512" id="Footnote_3_512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_512"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Drop ...      <span class="yearnum">1838.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_513" id="Footnote_4_513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_513"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var13">... at the sound!</span><br />
+<span class="var">&mdash;A melancholy Echo of that noise</span><br />
+<span class="var">Doth sometimes hang on musing Fancy's ear:      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_514" id="Footnote_5_514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_514"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... word ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="UPON_THE_SAME_EVENT" id="UPON_THE_SAME_EVENT"></a>UPON THE SAME EVENT</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed (probably) 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When, far and wide, swift as the beams of morn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tidings passed of servitude repealed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And of that joy which shook the Isthmian Field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The rough Ætolians smiled with bitter scorn.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"'Tis known," cried they, "that he, who would adorn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His envied temples with the Isthmian crown,    <span class="linenum">6</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must either win, through effort of his own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The prize, or be content to see it worn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By more deserving brows.&mdash;Yet so ye prop,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sons of the brave who fought at Marathon,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your feeble spirits! Greece her head hath bowed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if the wreath of liberty thereon<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would fix itself as smoothly as a cloud,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, at Jove's will, descends on Pelion's top."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The Ætolians were the only Greeks that entertained suspicion
+of the Roman designs from the first. When Flamininus was
+wintering in Phocis in 196, and an insurrection broke out at
+Opus, some of the citizens had called in the aid of the Ætolians
+against the Macedonian garrison; but the gates of the city were
+not opened to admit the Ætolian volunteers till Flamininus
+arrived. Then in the battle at the heights of Cynoscephalæ,
+where the Macedonian army was routed, the Ætolian contingent,
+which had helped Flamininus, claimed the sole credit of the
+victory; and wished no truce made with Philip, as they were
+bent on the destruction of the Macedonian power. The Ætolians
+aimed subsequently at exciting suspicion against the sincerity of
+Flamininus. In the second sonnet, Wordsworth's sympathy
+seems to have been with the Ætolians, as much as it was with
+the Swiss and the Tyrolese in their attitude to Buonaparte. But
+Flamininus was not a Napoleon.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="THE_OAK_OF_GUERNICA" id="THE_OAK_OF_GUERNICA"></a>THE OAK OF GUERNICA</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+<p class="hang">The ancient oak of Guernica, says Laborde in his account of
+Biscay, is a most venerable natural monument. Ferdinand
+and Isabella, in the year 1476, after hearing mass in the
+church of Santa Maria de la Antigua, repaired to this tree,
+under which they swore to the Biscayans to maintain their
+<i>fueros</i> (privileges). What other interest belongs to it in
+the minds of this people will appear from the following</p>
+
+<p class="blockquotx">SUPPOSED ADDRESS TO THE SAME. 1810</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oak of Guernica! Tree of holier power<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than that which in Dodona did enshrine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(So faith too fondly deemed) a voice divine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Heard from the depths of its aërial bower&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How canst thou flourish at this blighting hour?    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What hope, what joy can sunshine bring to thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or the soft breezes from the Atlantic sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dews of morn, or April's tender shower?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stroke merciful and welcome would that be<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which should extend thy branches on the ground,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If never more within their shady round<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those lofty-minded Lawgivers shall meet,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Peasant and lord, in their appointed seat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Guardians of Biscay's ancient liberty.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Prophetic power was believed to reside within the grove
+which surrounded the temple of Jupiter near Dodona, in Epirus,
+and oracles were given forth from the boughs of the sacred oak.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="INDIGNATION_OF_A_HIGH-MINDED" id="INDIGNATION_OF_A_HIGH-MINDED"></a>INDIGNATION OF A HIGH-MINDED
+SPANIARD, 1810</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We can endure that He should waste our lands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Despoil our temples, and by sword and flame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Return us to the dust from which we came;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such food a Tyrant's appetite demands:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And we can brook the thought that by his hands    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Spain may be overpowered, and he possess,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For his delight, a solemn wilderness<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where all the brave lie dead. But, when of bands<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he will break for us he dares to speak,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of benefits, and of a future day    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When our enlightened minds shall bless his sway;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Then</i>, the strained heart of fortitude proves weak;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our groans, our blushes, our pale cheeks declare<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That he has power to inflict what we lack strength to bear.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare the two sonnets <a href="#ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT"><i>On a Celebrated Event in Ancient
+History</i></a> (<a href="#ON_A_CELEBRATED_EVENT_IN_ANCIENT">pp. 242-44</a>). The following note to the last line of
+this sonnet occurs in Professor Reed's American edition of the
+Poems:&mdash;"The student of English poetry will call to mind
+Cowley's impassioned expression of the indignation of a Briton
+under the depression of disasters somewhat similar.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Let rather Roman come again,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Or Saxon, Norman, or the Dane:</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In all the bonds we ever bore,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">We grieved, we sighed, we wept, <i>we never blushed before</i>."</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See Cowley's <i>Discourse on the Government of Oliver Cromwell</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="AVAUNT_ALL_SPECIOUS_PLIANCY_OF" id="AVAUNT_ALL_SPECIOUS_PLIANCY_OF"></a>"AVAUNT ALL SPECIOUS PLIANCY OF
+MIND"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In men of low degree, all smooth pretence!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I better like a blunt indifference,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And self-respecting slowness, disinclined<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To win me at first sight: and be there joined    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Patience and temperance with this high reserve,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Honour that knows the path and will not swerve;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Affections, which, if put to proof, are kind;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And piety towards God. Such men of old<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were England's native growth; and, throughout Spain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Thanks to high God) forests of such remain:<a name="FNanchor_1_515" id="FNanchor_1_515"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_515" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>    <span class="linenum">11</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then for that Country let our hopes be bold;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For matched with these shall policy prove vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her arts, her strength, her iron, and her gold.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_515" id="Footnote_1_515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_515"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Forests of such do at this day remain;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="OERWEENING_STATESMEN_HAVE_FULL" id="OERWEENING_STATESMEN_HAVE_FULL"></a>"O'ERWEENING STATESMEN HAVE FULL
+LONG RELIED"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+<p>In all the editions this poem has for its title the date <i>1810</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On fleets and armies, and external wealth:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But from <i>within</i> proceeds a Nation's health;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which shall not fail, though poor men cleave with pride<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the paternal floor; or turn aside,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the thronged city, from the walks of gain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As being all unworthy to detain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Soul by contemplation sanctified.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There are who cannot languish in this strife,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Spaniards of every rank, by whom the good    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of such high course was felt and understood;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who to their Country's cause have bound a life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Erewhile, by solemn consecration, given<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To labour, and to prayer, to nature, and to heaven.<a name="FNanchor_A_516" id="FNanchor_A_516"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_516" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_516" id="Footnote_A_516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_516"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See Laborde's Character of the Spanish People; from him the sentiment
+of these two last lines is taken.&mdash;W. W. 1815.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_FRENCH_AND_THE_SPANISH" id="THE_FRENCH_AND_THE_SPANISH"></a>THE FRENCH AND THE SPANISH
+GUERILLAS</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Hunger, and sultry heat, and nipping blast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From bleak hill-top, and length of march by night<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through heavy swamp, or over snow-clad height&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These hardships ill-sustained, these dangers past,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The roving Spanish Bands are reached at last,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Charged, and dispersed like foam: but as a flight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of scattered quails by signs do reunite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So these,&mdash;and, heard of once again, are chased<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With combinations of long-practised art<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And newly-kindled hope; but they are fled&mdash;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gone are they, viewless as the buried dead:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where now?&mdash;Their sword is at the Foeman's heart!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus from year to year his walk they thwart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hang like dreams around his guilty bed.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See the note appended to the sonnet entitled <a href="#SPANISH_GUERILLAS_1811"><i>Spanish
+Guerillas</i></a> (<a href="#Page_254">p. 254</a>).&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="MATERNAL_GRIEF" id="MATERNAL_GRIEF"></a>MATERNAL GRIEF</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1810.&mdash;Published 1842</p>
+
+
+<p>[This was in part an overflow from the Solitary's description
+of his own and his wife's feelings upon the decease of their
+children. (See <i>Excursion</i>, book 3rd.)&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems founded on the Affections."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span><span class="i0">Departed Child! I could forget thee once<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though at my bosom nursed; this woeful gain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy dissolution brings, that in my soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is present and perpetually abides<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A shadow, never, never to be displaced    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By the returning substance, seen or touched,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seen by mine eyes, or clasped in my embrace.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Absence and death how differ they! and how<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall I admit that nothing can restore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What one short sigh so easily removed?&mdash;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Death, life, and sleep, reality and thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Assist me, God, their boundaries to know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O teach me calm submission to thy Will!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Child she mourned had overstepped the pale<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Infancy, but still did breathe the air    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That sanctifies its confines, and partook<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Reflected beams of that celestial light<a name="FNanchor_A_517" id="FNanchor_A_517"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_517" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To all the Little-ones on sinful earth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not unvouchsafed&mdash;a light that warmed and cheered<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those several qualities of heart and mind    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, in her own blest nature, rooted deep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Daily before the Mother's watchful eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And not hers only, their peculiar charms<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unfolded,&mdash;beauty, for its present self,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And for its promises to future years,    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With not unfrequent rapture fondly hailed.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Have you espied upon a dewy lawn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A pair of Leverets each provoking each<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To a continuance of their fearless sport,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Two separate Creatures in their several gifts    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Abounding, but so fashioned that, in all<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Nature prompts them to display, their looks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their starts of motion and their fits of rest,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">An undistinguishable style appears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And character of gladness, as if Spring    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lodged in their innocent bosoms, and the spirit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the rejoicing morning were their own?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Such union, in the lovely Girl maintained<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And her twin Brother, had the parent seen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere, pouncing like a ravenous bird of prey,    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Death in a moment parted them, and left<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Mother, in her turns of anguish, worse<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than desolate; for oft-times from the sound<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the survivor's sweetest voice (dear child,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He knew it not) and from his happiest looks,    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Did she extract the food of self-reproach,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As one that lived ungrateful for the stay<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By Heaven afforded to uphold her maimed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tottering spirit. And full oft the Boy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now first acquainted with distress and grief,    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shrunk from his Mother's presence, shunned with fear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her sad approach, and stole away to find,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In his known haunts of joy where'er he might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A more congenial object. But, as time<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Softened her pangs and reconciled the child    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To what he saw, he gradually returned,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a scared Bird encouraged to renew<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A broken intercourse; and, while his eyes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were yet with pensive fear and gentle awe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turned upon her who bore him, she would stoop    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To imprint a kiss that lacked not power to spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Faint colour over both their pallid cheeks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And stilled his tremulous lip. Thus they were calmed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And cheered; and now together breathe fresh air<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In open fields; and when the glare of day    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is gone, and twilight to the Mother's wish<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Befriends the observance, readily they join<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In walks whose boundary is the lost One's grave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he with flowers hath planted, finding there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Amusement, where the Mother does not miss    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span><span class="i0">Dear consolation, kneeling on the turf<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In prayer, yet blending with that solemn rite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of pious faith the vanities of grief;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For such, by pitying Angels and by Spirits<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Transferred to regions upon which the clouds    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of our weak nature rest not, must be deemed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those willing tears, and unforbidden sighs,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all those tokens of a cherished sorrow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, soothed and sweetened by the grace of Heaven<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As now it is, seems to her own fond heart,    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Immortal as the love that gave it being.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_517" id="Footnote_A_517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_517"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare the <i>Ode, Intimations of Immortality</i>, l. 4, and <i>passim</i> (vol.
+viii.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1811" id="Year_1811"></a>1811</h2>
+
+
+<p>In the spring of 1811 Wordsworth left Allan Bank, to reside
+for two years in the Rectory, Grasmere. A small fragment on
+his daughter Catherine, the <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle to Sir George Beaumont, Bart.,
+from the south-west coast of Cumberland</i></a>, the lines <a href="#TO_THE_POET_JOHN_DYER"><i>To the Poet,
+John Dyer</i></a>, and four sonnets (mainly suggested by the events
+of the year in Spain) comprise all the poems belonging to
+1811.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHARACTERISTICS_OF_A_CHILD_THREE" id="CHARACTERISTICS_OF_A_CHILD_THREE"></a>CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHILD THREE
+YEARS OLD</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[Written at Allanbank, Grasmere. Picture of my daughter,
+Catherine, who died the year after.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Classed among the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Loving she is, and tractable, though wild;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Innocence hath privilege in her<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To dignify arch looks and laughing eyes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And feats of cunning; and the pretty round<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of trespasses, affected to provoke    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mock-chastisement and partnership in play.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, as a faggot sparkles on the hearth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not less if unattended and alone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than when both young and old sit gathered round</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And take delight in its activity;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even so this happy Creature of herself<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is all-sufficient; solitude to her<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is blithe society, who fills the air<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With gladness and involuntary songs.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Light are her sallies as the tripping fawn's    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forth-startled from the fern where she lay couched;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unthought-of, unexpected, as the stir<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of the soft breeze ruffling the meadow-flowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or from before it chasing wantonly<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The many-coloured images imprest    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the bosom of a placid lake.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>On February 28, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady
+Beaumont, "Catherine is the only funny child in the family;
+the rest of the children are <i>lively</i>, but Catherine is comical in
+every look and motion. Thomas perpetually forces a tender
+smile by his simplicity, but Catherine makes you laugh outright,
+though she can hardly say a dozen words, and she joins in the
+laugh, as if sensible of the drollery of her appearance."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SPANISH_GUERILLAS_1811" id="SPANISH_GUERILLAS_1811"></a>SPANISH GUERILLAS, 1811</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">They seek, are sought; to daily battle led,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shrink not, though far outnumbered by their Foes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For they have learnt to open and to close<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ridges of grim war;<a name="FNanchor_A_518" id="FNanchor_A_518"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_518" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> and at their head<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are captains such as erst their country bred    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or fostered, self-supported chiefs,&mdash;like those<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom hardy Rome was fearful to oppose;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose desperate shock the Carthaginian fled.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">In One who lived unknown a shepherd's life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Redoubted Viriatus breathes again;<a name="FNanchor_B_519" id="FNanchor_B_519"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_519" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Mina, nourished in the studious shade,<a name="FNanchor_C_520" id="FNanchor_C_520"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_520" class="fnanchor">[C]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With that great Leader<a name="FNanchor_D_521" id="FNanchor_D_521"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_521" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> vies, who, sick of strife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bloodshed, longed in quiet to be laid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In some green island of the western main.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_518" id="Footnote_A_518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_518"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>Paradise Lost</i>, book vi. ll. 235-36&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i5">and when to close</span><br />
+<span class="i0">The ridges of grim war.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_519" id="Footnote_B_519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_519"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Viriatus, for eight or fourteen years leader of the Lusitanians in the war
+with the Romans in the middle of the second century <span class="allcapsc">B.C.</span> He defeated many
+of the Roman generals, including Q. Pompeius. Some of the historians say
+that he was originally a shepherd, and then a robber or guerilla chieftain.
+(See Livy, books 52 and 54.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_520" id="Footnote_C_520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_520"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> "Whilst the chief force of the French was occupied in Portugal and
+Andalusia, and there remained in the interior of Spain only a few weak
+corps, the Guerilla system took deep root, and in the course of 1811 attained
+its greatest perfection. Left to itself the boldest and most enterprising of its
+members rose to command, and the mode of warfare best adapted to their
+force and habits was pursued. Each province boasted of a hero, in command
+of a formidable band&mdash;Old Castile, Don Julian Sanches; Aragon, Longa;
+Navarre, Esprez y Mina, ...with innumerable others, whose deeds spread
+a lustre over every part of the kingdom.... Mina and Longa headed armies
+of 6000 or 8000 men with distinguished ability, and displayed man&oelig;uvres
+oftentimes for months together, in baffling the pursuit of more numerous
+bodies of French, which would reflect credit on the most celebrated
+commanders." Mina had been trained for clerical life. (See <i>Account of the
+War in Spain and Portugal, and in the south of France, from 1808 to
+1814 inclusive</i>, by Lieut.-Colonel John T. Jones. London, 1818.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_521" id="Footnote_D_521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_521"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> Sertorius.&mdash;W. W. 1827. See note to <i>The Prelude</i> book i. vol. iii. p. 138.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_POWER_OF_ARMIES_IS_A_VISIBLE" id="THE_POWER_OF_ARMIES_IS_A_VISIBLE"></a>"THE POWER OF ARMIES IS A VISIBLE
+THING"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The power of Armies is a visible thing,<a name="FNanchor_A_526" id="FNanchor_A_526"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_526" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Formal, and circumscribed in time and space;<a name="FNanchor_1_522" id="FNanchor_1_522"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_522" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But who the limits of that power shall trace<a name="FNanchor_2_523" id="FNanchor_2_523"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_523" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Which a brave People into light can bring<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or hide, at will,&mdash;for freedom combating    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By just revenge inflamed? No foot may chase,<a name="FNanchor_3_524" id="FNanchor_3_524"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_524" class="fnanchor">[3]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No eye can follow, to a fatal<a name="FNanchor_4_525" id="FNanchor_4_525"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_525" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> place<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That power, that spirit, whether on the wing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like the strong wind, or sleeping like the wind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within its awful caves.&mdash;From year to year    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Springs this indigenous produce far and near;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No craft this subtle element can bind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rising like water from the soil, to find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In every nook a lip that it may cheer.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_522" id="Footnote_1_522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_522"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... and place;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_523" id="Footnote_2_523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_523"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... can trace      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_524" id="Footnote_3_524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_524"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... can chase,      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_525" id="Footnote_4_525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_525"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> The word "fatal" was <i>italicised</i> in the editions of 1815-43.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_526" id="Footnote_A_526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_526"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare Aubrey de Vere's <i>Picturesque Sketches of Greece and Turkey</i>,
+vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HERE_PAUSE_THE_POET_CLAIMS_AT_LEAST" id="HERE_PAUSE_THE_POET_CLAIMS_AT_LEAST"></a>"HERE PAUSE: THE POET CLAIMS AT LEAST
+THIS PRAISE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty." In 1815
+it was called <i>Conclusion</i>, as ending this series of poems in that
+edition. In all editions it was headed by the date <i>1811</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That virtuous Liberty hath been the scope<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of his pure song, which did not shrink from hope<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the worst moment of these evil days;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From hope, the paramount <i>duty</i> that Heaven lays,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For its own honour, on man's suffering heart.<a name="FNanchor_A_528" id="FNanchor_A_528"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_528" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Never may from our souls one truth depart&mdash;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">That an accursed<a name="FNanchor_1_527" id="FNanchor_1_527"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_527" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> thing it is to gaze<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On prosperous tyrants with a dazzled eye;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor&mdash;touched with due abhorrence of <i>their</i> guilt    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For whose dire ends tears flow, and blood is spilt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And justice labours in extremity&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forget thy weakness, upon which is built,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O wretched man, the throne of tyranny!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_527" id="Footnote_1_527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_527"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The word "accursed" was <i>italicised</i> in the editions of
+1815-43.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_528" id="Footnote_A_528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_528"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare <i>The Excursion</i> (book iv. l. 763)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We live by Admiration, Hope, and Love,</span><br />
+</div></div><p>
+and S. T. C. in <i>The Friend</i> (vol. i. p. 172). "What an awful duty, what a
+nurse of all others, the fairest virtues, does not Hope become! We are bad
+ourselves, because we despair of the goodness of others."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="EPISTLE" id="EPISTLE"></a>EPISTLE</h2>
+<h3>TO SIR GEORGE HOWLAND BEAUMONT, BART.</h3>
+
+<h4>FROM THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF CUMBERLAND.&mdash;1811</h4>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1842</p>
+
+
+<p>[This poem opened, when first written, with a paragraph
+that has been transferred as an introduction to the first series of
+my Scotch Memorials. The journey, of which the first part is
+here described, was from Grasmere to Bootle on the south-west
+coast of Cumberland, the whole among mountain roads through
+a beautiful country; and we had fine weather. The verses end
+with our breakfast at the head of Yewdale in a yeoman's house,
+which, like all the other property in that sequestered vale, has
+passed or is passing into the hands of Mr. James Marshall of
+Monk Coniston&mdash;in Mr. Knott's, the late owner's, time called
+Waterhead. Our hostess married a Mr. Oldfield, a lieutenant
+in the Navy. They lived together for some time at Hacket,
+where she still resides as his widow. It was in front of that
+house, on the mountain side, near which stood the peasant who,
+while we were passing at a distance, saluted us, waving a
+kerchief in her hand as described in the poem.<a name="FNanchor_A_532" id="FNanchor_A_532"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_532" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> (This matron
+and her husband were then residing at the Hacket. The house
+and its inmates are referred to in the fifth book of <i>The Excursion</i>,
+in the passage beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i13">You behold,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">High on the breast of yon dark mountain, dark</span><br />
+<span class="i2">With stony barrenness, a shining speck.&mdash;J. C.)<a name="FNanchor_B_533" id="FNanchor_B_533"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_533" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The dog which we met with soon after our starting belonged to
+Mr. Rowlandson, who for forty years was curate of Grasmere
+in place of the rector who lived to extreme old age in a state of
+insanity. Of this Mr. R. much might be said, both with
+reference to his character, and the way in which he was
+regarded by his parishioners. He was a man of a robust frame,
+had a firm voice and authoritative manner, of strong natural
+talents, of which he was himself conscious, for he has been
+heard to say (it grieves me to add) with an oath&mdash;"If I had
+been brought up at college I should have been a bishop."
+Two vices used to struggle in him for mastery, avarice and the
+love of strong drink; but avarice, as is common in like cases,
+always got the better of its opponent; for, though he was often
+intoxicated, it was never I believe at his own expense. As has
+been said of one in a more exalted station, he would take any
+<i>given</i> quantity. I have heard a story of him which is worth
+the telling. One summer's morning, our Grasmere curate,
+after a night's carouse in the vale of Langdale, on his return
+home, having reached a point near which the whole of the vale
+of Grasmere might be seen with the lake immediately below
+him, stepped aside and sat down on the turf. After looking
+for some time at the landscape, then in the perfection of its
+morning beauty, he exclaimed&mdash;"Good God, that I should
+have led so long such a life in such a place!" This no doubt
+was deeply felt by him at the time, but I am not authorised to
+say that any noticeable amendment followed. Penuriousness
+strengthened upon him as his body grew feebler with age. He
+had purchased property and kept some land in his own hands,
+but he could not find in his heart to lay out the necessary hire
+for labourers at the proper season, and consequently he has
+often been seen in half-dotage working his hay in the month of
+November by moonlight, a melancholy sight which I myself
+have witnessed. Notwithstanding all that has been said, this
+man, on account of his talents and superior education, was
+looked up to by his parishioners, who without a single exception
+lived at that time (and most of them upon their own small
+inheritances) in a state of republican equality, a condition<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span>
+favourable to the growth of kindly feelings among them, and in
+a striking degree exclusive to temptations to gross vice and
+scandalous behaviour. As a pastor their curate did little or
+nothing for them; but what could more strikingly set forth the
+efficacy of the Church of England through its Ordinances and
+Liturgy than that, in spite of the unworthiness of the minister,
+his church was regularly attended; and, though there was not
+much appearance in the flock of what might be called animated
+piety, intoxication was rare, and dissolute morals unknown.
+With the Bible they were for the most part well acquainted;
+and, as was strikingly shown when they were under affliction,
+must have been supported and comforted by habitual belief in
+those truths which it is the aim of the Church to inculcate.
+<i>Loughrigg Tarn.</i>&mdash;This beautiful pool and the surrounding
+scene are minutely described in my little Book upon the Lakes.
+Sir G. H. Beaumont, in the earlier part of his life, was induced,
+by his love of nature and the art of painting, to take up his
+abode at Old Brathay, about three miles from this spot, so that
+he must have seen it under many aspects; and he was so much
+pleased with it that he purchased the Tarn with a view to build,
+near it, such a residence as is alluded to in this Epistle.
+Baronets and knights were not so common in that day as now,
+and Sir Michael le Fleming, not liking to have a rival in that
+kind of distinction so near him, claimed a sort of Lordship over
+the territory, and showed dispositions little in unison with those
+of Sir G. Beaumont, who was eminently a lover of peace. The
+project of building was in consequence given up, Sir George
+retaining possession of the Tarn. Many years afterwards a
+Kendal tradesman born upon its banks applied to me for the
+purchase of it, and accordingly it was sold for the sum that had
+been given for it, and the money was laid out under my direction
+upon a substantial oak fence for a certain number of yew trees
+to be planted in Grasmere church-yard; two were planted in
+each enclosure, with a view to remove, after a certain time, the
+one which throve least. After several years, the stouter plant
+being left, the others were taken up and placed in other parts
+of the same church-yard, and were adequately fenced at the
+expense and under the care of the late Mr. Barber, Mr. Greenwood,
+and myself: the whole eight are now thriving, and are
+already an ornament to a place which, during late years, has
+lost much of its rustic simplicity by the introduction of iron
+palisades to fence off family burying-grounds, and by numerous
+monuments, some of them in very bad taste; from which this
+place of burial was in my memory quite free. See the lines in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span>
+the sixth book of <i>The Excursion</i> beginning&mdash;"Green is the
+church-yard, beautiful and green." The <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle</i></a> to which these
+notes refer, though written so far back as 1804,<a name="FNanchor_C_534" id="FNanchor_C_534"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_534" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> was carefully
+revised so late as 1842, previous to its publication. I am loth
+to add, that it was never seen by the person to whom it is
+addressed. So sensible am I of the deficiencies in all that I
+write, and so far does everything I attempt fall short of what I
+wish it to be, that even private publication, if such a term may
+be allowed, requires more resolution than I can command. I
+have written to give vent to my own mind, and not without
+hope that, some time or other, kindred minds might benefit by
+my labours: but I am inclined to believe I should never have
+ventured to send forth any verses of mine to the world if it had
+not been done on the pressure of personal occasions. Had I
+been a rich man, my productions, like this <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle</i></a>, the
+tragedy of <i>The Borderers</i>, etc., would most likely have been
+confined to manuscript.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Far from our home by Grasmere's quiet Lake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the Vale's peace which all her fields partake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here on the bleakest point of Cumbria's shore<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We sojourn stunned by Ocean's ceaseless roar;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While, day by day, grim neighbour! huge Black Comb<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Frowns deepening visibly his native gloom,    <span class="linenum">6</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unless, perchance rejecting in despite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What on the Plain <i>we</i> have of warmth and light,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In his own storms he hides himself from sight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rough is the time; and thoughts, that would be free    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From heaviness, oft fly, dear Friend, to thee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turn from a spot where neither sheltered road<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor hedge-row screen invites my steps abroad;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where one poor Plane-tree, having as it might<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Attained a stature twice a tall man's height,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hopeless of further growth, and brown and sere<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through half the summer, stands with top cut sheer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like an unshifting weathercock which proves<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How cold the quarter that the wind best loves,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Or like a Centinel<a name="FNanchor_1_529" id="FNanchor_1_529"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_529" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> that, evermore    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Darkening the window, ill defends the door<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of this unfinished house&mdash;a Fortress bare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where strength has been the Builder's only care;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose rugged walls may still for years demand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The final polish of the Plasterer's hand.    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;This Dwelling's Inmate more than three weeks' space<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oft a Prisoner in the cheerless place,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I&mdash;of whose touch the fiddle would complain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose breath would labour at the flute in vain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In music all unversed, nor blessed with skill    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A bridge to copy, or to paint a mill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tired of my books, a scanty company!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tired of listening to the boisterous sea&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pace between door and window muttering rhyme,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An old resource to cheat a froward time!    <span class="linenum">35</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though these dull hours (mine is it, or their shame?)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would tempt me to renounce that humble aim.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&mdash;But if there be a Muse who, free to take<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her seat upon Olympus, doth forsake<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those heights (like Ph&oelig;bus when his golden locks    <span class="linenum">40</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He veiled, attendant on Thessalian flocks)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in disguise, a Milkmaid with her pail<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Trips down the pathways of some winding dale;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or, like a Mermaid, warbles on the shores<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To fishers mending nets beside their doors;    <span class="linenum">45</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or, Pilgrim-like, on forest moss reclined,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gives plaintive ditties to the heedless wind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or listens to its play among the boughs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Above her head and so forgets her vows&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If such a Visitant of Earth there be    <span class="linenum">50</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And she would deign this day to smile on me<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And aid my verse, content with local bounds<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of natural beauty and life's daily rounds,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thoughts, chances, sights, or doings, which we tell</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Without reserve to those whom we love well&mdash;    <span class="linenum">55</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then haply, Beaumont! words in current clear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will flow, and on a welcome page appear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Duly before thy sight, unless they perish here.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">What shall I treat of? News from Mona's Isle?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such have we, but unvaried in its style;    <span class="linenum">60</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No tales of Runagates fresh landed, whence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wherefore fugitive or on what pretence;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of feasts, or scandal, eddying like the wind<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Most restlessly alive when most confined.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ask not of me, whose tongue can best appease    <span class="linenum">65</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The mighty tumults of the <span class="smcap">House of Keys</span>;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The last year's cup whose Ram or Heifer gained,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What slopes are planted, or what mosses drained:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An eye of fancy only can I cast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On that proud pageant now at hand or past,    <span class="linenum">70</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When full five hundred boats in trim array,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With nets and sails outspread and streamers gay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And chanted hymns and stiller voice of prayer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the old Manx-harvest to the Deep repair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Soon as the herring-shoals at distance shine    <span class="linenum">75</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like beds of moonlight shifting on the brine.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Mona from our Abode is daily seen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But with a wilderness of waves between;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And by conjecture only can we speak<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of aught transacted there in bay or creek;    <span class="linenum">80</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No tidings reach us thence from town or field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only faint news her mountain sunbeams yield,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And some we gather from the misty air,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And some the hovering clouds, our telegraph, declare.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But these poetic mysteries I withhold;    <span class="linenum">85</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For Fancy hath her fits both hot and cold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And should the colder fit with You be on<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When You might read, my credit would be gone.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Let more substantial themes the pen engage,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And nearer interests culled from the opening stage    <span class="linenum">90</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of our migration.&mdash;Ere the welcome dawn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had from the east her silver star withdrawn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Wain stood ready, at our Cottage-door,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thoughtfully freighted with a various store;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And long or ere the uprising of the Sun    <span class="linenum">95</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er dew-damped dust our journey was begun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A needful journey, under favouring skies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through peopled Vales; yet something in the guise<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of those old Patriarchs when from well to well<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They roamed through Wastes where now the tented Arabs dwell.    <span class="linenum">100</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Say first, to whom did we the charge confide,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who promptly undertook the Wain to guide<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up many a sharply-twining road and down,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,    <span class="linenum">105</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A blooming Lass&mdash;who in her better hand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bore a light switch, her sceptre of command<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When, yet a slender Girl, she often led,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Skilful and bold, the horse and burthened <i>sled</i><a name="FNanchor_D_535" id="FNanchor_D_535"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_535" class="fnanchor">[D]</a>    <span class="linenum">110</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the peat-yielding Moss on Gowdar's head.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What could go wrong with such a Charioteer<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For goods and chattels, or those Infants dear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Pair who smilingly sat side by side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our hope confirming that the salt-sea tide,    <span class="linenum">115</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose free embraces we were bound to seek,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would their lost strength restore and freshen the pale cheek?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such hope did either Parent entertain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pacing behind along the silent lane.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Blithe hopes and happy musings soon took flight,    <span class="linenum">120</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For lo! an uncouth melancholy sight&mdash;</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">On a green bank a creature stood forlorn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Just half protruded to the light of morn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its hinder part concealed by hedge-row thorn.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Figure called to mind a beast of prey    <span class="linenum">125</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stript of its frightful powers by slow decay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, though no longer upon rapine bent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dim memory keeping of its old intent.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We started, looked again with anxious eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in that griesly object recognise    <span class="linenum">130</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Curate's Dog&mdash;his long-tried friend, for they,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As well we knew, together had grown grey.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Master died, his drooping servant's grief<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Found at the Widow's feet some sad relief;<a name="FNanchor_2_530" id="FNanchor_2_530"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_530" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet still he lived in pining discontent,    <span class="linenum">135</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sadness which no indulgence could prevent;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hence whole day wanderings, broken nightly sleeps<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lonesome watch that out of doors he keeps;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not oftentimes, I trust, as we, poor brute!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Espied him on his legs sustained, blank, mute,    <span class="linenum">140</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And of all visible motion destitute,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So that the very heaving of his breath<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seemed stopt, though by some other power than death.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long as we gazed upon the form and face,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A mild domestic pity kept its place,    <span class="linenum">145</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unscared by thronging fancies of strange hue<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That haunted us in spite of what we knew.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even now I sometimes think of him as lost<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In second-sight appearances, or crost<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By spectral shapes of guilt, or to the ground,    <span class="linenum">150</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On which he stood, by spells unnatural bound,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Advancing Summer, Nature's law fulfilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The choristers in every grove had stilled;    <span class="linenum">155</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But we, we lacked not music of our own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For lightsome Fanny had thus early thrown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mid the gay prattle of those infant tongues,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some notes prelusive, from the round of songs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With which, more zealous than the liveliest bird    <span class="linenum">160</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her work and her work's partners she can cheer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The whole day long, and all days of the year.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Thus gladdened from our own dear Vale we pass<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!    <span class="linenum">165</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Loughrigg-tarn, round, clear, and bright as heaven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such name Italian fancy would have given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere on its banks the few grey cabins rose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That yet disturb not its concealed repose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More than the feeblest wind that idly blows.    <span class="linenum">170</span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Ah, Beaumont! when an opening in the road<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stopped me at once by charm of what it showed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The encircling region vividly exprest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within the mirror's depth, a world at rest&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sky streaked with purple, grove and craggy <i>bield</i>,<a name="FNanchor_E_536" id="FNanchor_E_536"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_536" class="fnanchor">[E]</a>    <span class="linenum">175</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the smooth green of many a pendent field,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, quieted and soothed, a torrent small,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A little daring would-be waterfall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One chimney smoking and its azure wreath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Associate all in the calm Pool beneath,    <span class="linenum">180</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With here and there a faint imperfect gleam<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of water-lilies veiled in misty steam&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What wonder at this hour of stillness deep,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">A shadowy link 'tween wakefulness and sleep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When Nature's self, amid such blending, seems    <span class="linenum">185</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To render visible her own soft dreams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If, mixed with what appeared of rock, lawn, wood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fondly embosomed in the tranquil flood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Designed to rise in humble privacy,    <span class="linenum">190</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A lowly Dwelling, here to be outspread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a small Hamlet, with its bashful head<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Half hid in native trees. Alas 'tis not,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor ever was; I sighed, and left the spot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unconscious of its own untoward lot,    <span class="linenum">195</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thought in silence, with regret too keen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of unexperienced joys that might have been;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of neighbourhood and intermingling arts,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And golden summer days uniting cheerful hearts.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But time, irrevocable time, is flown,    <span class="linenum">200</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And let us utter thanks for blessings sown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And reaped&mdash;what hath been, and what is, our own.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Not far we travelled ere a shout of glee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Startling us all, dispersed my reverie;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such shout as many a sportive echo meeting    <span class="linenum">205</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oft-times from Alpine <i>chalets</i> sends a greeting.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whence the blithe hail? behold a Peasant stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not unexpectant that by early day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our little Band would thrid this mountain way,    <span class="linenum">210</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Before her cottage on the bright hill side<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She hath advanced with hope to be descried.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Right gladly answering signals we displayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Moving along a tract of morning shade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And vocal wishes sent of like good will    <span class="linenum">215</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To our kind Friend high on the sunny hill&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Luminous region, fair as if the prime<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were tempting all astir to look aloft or climb;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only the centre of the shining cot<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With door left open makes a gloomy spot,    <span class="linenum">220</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span><span class="i0">Emblem of those dark corners sometimes found<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within the happiest breast on earthly ground.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Rich prospect left behind of stream and vale,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And mountain-tops, a barren ridge we scale;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain    <span class="linenum">225</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With haycocks studded, striped with yellowing grain&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An area level as a Lake and spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Under a rock too steep for man to tread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,    <span class="linenum">230</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hot sunbeams fill the steaming vale; but hark,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At our approach, a jealous watch-dog's bark,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Noise that brings forth no liveried Page of state,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the whole household, that our coming wait.    <span class="linenum">235</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Young and Old warm greetings we exchange,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And jocund smiles, and toward the lowly Grange<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Press forward by the teasing dogs unscared.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Entering, we find the morning meal prepared:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So down we sit, though not till each had cast    <span class="linenum">240</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pleased looks around the delicate repast&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rich cream, and snow-white eggs fresh from the nest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With amber honey from the mountain's breast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strawberries from lane or woodland, offering wild<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of children's industry, in hillocks piled;    <span class="linenum">245</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cakes for the nonce,<a name="FNanchor_3_531" id="FNanchor_3_531"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_531" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> and butter fit to lie<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon a lordly dish; frank hospitality<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where simple art with bounteous nature vied,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And cottage comfort shunned not seemly pride.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Kind Hostess! Handmaid also of the feast,    <span class="linenum">250</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If thou be lovelier than the kindling East,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Words by thy presence unrestrained may speak<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of a perpetual dawn from brow and cheek<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Instinct with light whose sweetest promise lies,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Never retiring, in thy large dark eyes,    <span class="linenum">255</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dark but to every gentle feeling true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if their lustre flowed from ether's purest blue.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Let me not ask what tears may have been wept<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By those bright eyes, what weary vigils kept,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beside that hearth what sighs may have been heaved    <span class="linenum">260</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For wounds inflicted, nor what toil relieved<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By fortitude and patience, and the grace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of heaven in pity visiting the place.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not unadvisedly those secret springs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I leave unsearched: enough that memory clings,    <span class="linenum">265</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here as elsewhere, to notices that make<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their own significance for hearts awake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To rural incidents, whose genial powers<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Filled with delight three summer morning hours.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">More could my pen report of grave or gay    <span class="linenum">270</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That through our gipsy travel cheered the way;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, bursting forth above the waves, the Sun<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Laughs at my pains, and seems to say, "Be done."<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, Beaumont, thou wilt not, I trust, reprove<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This humble offering made by Truth to Love,    <span class="linenum">275</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor chide the Muse that stooped to break a spell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which might have else been on me yet:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i16"><span class="smcap">Farewell</span>.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_529" id="Footnote_1_529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_529"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1845.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Or stedfast Centinel ...      <span class="yearnum">1842.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_530" id="Footnote_2_530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_530"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Until the Vale she quitted, and their door</span><br />
+<span class="var">Was closed, to which she will return no more;</span><br />
+<span class="var">But first old Faithful to a neighbour's care</span><br />
+<span class="var">Was given in charge; nor lacked he dainty fare,</span><br />
+<span class="var">And in the chimney nook was free to lie</span><br />
+<span class="var">And doze, or, if his hour were come, to die.</span>
+</div></div><p>
+Inserted only in the edition of 1842.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_531" id="Footnote_3_531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_531"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> The phrase "for the nonce" was <i>italicised</i> in 1842.</p></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_532" id="Footnote_A_532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_532"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In the MS. of these Fenwick notes, the following is written in pencil,
+the passage referred to beginning with "Our hostess," and ending at "the
+poem." "Revise this sentence. Here is something involved."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_533" id="Footnote_B_533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_533"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <i>i.e.</i> John Carter, Wordsworth's confidential clerk, who saw the edition
+of 1857 through the press. The sentence enclosed within brackets and
+signed J. C. is his.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_534" id="Footnote_C_534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_534"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> See the note dealing with this date (<a href="#Page_269">p. 269</a>). It should be 1811.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_535" id="Footnote_D_535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_535"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> A local word for Sledge.&mdash;W. W. 1842.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_536" id="Footnote_E_536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_536"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> A word common in the country, signifying shelter, as in Scotland.&mdash;W.
+W. 1842.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="UPON_PERUSING_THE_FOREGOING_EPISTLE" id="UPON_PERUSING_THE_FOREGOING_EPISTLE"></a>UPON PERUSING THE FOREGOING EPISTLE
+THIRTY YEARS AFTER ITS COMPOSITION</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1841.&mdash;Published 1842</p>
+
+
+<p>Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Soon did the Almighty Giver of all rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Take those dear young Ones to a fearless nest;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in Death's arms has long reposed the Friend</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">For whom this simple Register was penned.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thanks to the moth that spared it for our eyes;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Strangers even the slighted Scroll may prize,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Moved by the touch of kindred sympathies.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For&mdash;save the calm, repentance sheds o'er strife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Raised by remembrances of misused life,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The light from past endeavours purely willed    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And by Heaven's favour happily fulfilled;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Save hope that we, yet bound to Earth, may share<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The joys of the Departed&mdash;what so fair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As blameless pleasure, not without some tears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Reviewed through Love's transparent veil of years?<a name="FNanchor_A_537" id="FNanchor_A_537"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_537" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><span class="linenum">15</span></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p class="center">
+The mighty tumults of the <span class="smcap">House of Keys</span>;
+</p>
+
+<p>The Isle of Man has a constitution of its own, independent
+of the Imperial Parliament. The House of twenty-four Keys
+is the popular assembly, corresponding to the British House of
+Commons; the Lieutenant-Governor and Council constitute the
+Upper House. All legislative measures must be first considered
+and passed by both branches, and afterwards transmitted to the
+English Sovereign for the Royal Assent before becoming law.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Mona from our Abode is daily seen,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">But with a wilderness of waves between;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In a letter written from Bootle to Sir George Beaumont on
+the 28th August 1811, Wordsworth says:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"This is like most others, a bleak and treeless coast, but
+abounding in corn fields, and with a noble beach, which is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span>
+delightful either for walking or riding. The Isle of Man is
+right opposite our window; and though in this unsettled
+weather often invisible, its appearance has afforded us great
+amusement. One afternoon above the whole length of it was
+stretched a body of clouds, shaped and coloured like a magnificent
+grove in winter, when whitened with snow and illuminated,
+by the morning sun, which, having melted the snow
+in part, has intermingled black masses among the brightness.
+The whole sky was scattered over with fleecy dark clouds, such
+as any sunshiny day produces, and which were changing their
+shapes and positions every moment. But this line of clouds
+was immovably attached to the island, and manifestly took their
+shape from the influence of its mountains. There appeared to
+be just span enough of sky to allow the hand to slide between
+the top of Snâfell, the highest peak in the island, and the base
+of this glorious forest, in which little change was noticeable for
+more than the space of half an hour."</p>
+
+<p>In the Fenwick note, Wordsworth tells us that this <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle</i></a>
+was written in 1804; and by referring to the note prefixed to
+the first poem in the "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland," 1803,
+(see vol. ii. p. 377), it will be seen that the lines entitled
+<i>Departure from the Vale of Grasmere, August, 1803</i>, beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The gentlest Shade that walked Elysian plains,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>were "not actually written for the occasion, but transplanted
+from my <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle to Sir George Beaumont</i></a>."</p>
+
+<p>It does not follow from this, however, that the lines belong
+to the year 1803 or 1804; because they were not published
+along with the earlier "Memorials" of the Scotch Tour, but
+appeared for the first time in the edition of 1827. It is certain
+that Wordsworth travelled down with his household from the
+Grasmere Parsonage to Bootle in August 1811&mdash;mainly to get
+some sea-air for his invalid children&mdash;and that he lived there for
+some time during the autumn of that year. He <i>may</i> have also
+gone down to the south-west coast of Cumberland in 1804, and
+then written a part of the poem; but we have no direct
+evidence of this; and I rather think that the mention of the
+year 1804 to Miss Fenwick is just another instance in which
+Wordsworth's memory failed him while dictating these memoranda.
+If the poem was not written at different times, but was
+composed as a whole in 1811, we may partly account for the
+date he gave to Miss Fenwick, when we remember that in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span>
+year 1827 he transferred a part of it (viz. the introduction) to
+these "Memorials" of the Scotch Tour of 1803.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Up many a sharply-twining road and down,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Their route would be from Grasmere by Red Bank, over by
+High Close to Elter Water, by Colwith into Yewdale, on to
+Waterhead; then probably, from Coniston over Walna Scar,
+into Duddondale, and thence to Bootle.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait</span><br />
+<span class="i2">In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See Spenser's <i>Faërie Queene</i>, book i. canto i. stanza 8.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i9h">... the liveliest bird</span><br />
+<span class="i2">That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare <i>As you like it</i>, act <span class="allcapsc">II.</span> scene 5.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">To Loughrigg-tarn, etc.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See the note appended by Wordsworth to the sequel to this
+poem.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Designed to rise in humble privacy.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He imagines the house which Sir George Beaumont intended
+to build at Loughrigg Tarn, but which he never erected, to be
+really built by his friend, very much as in the sonnet named
+<i>Anticipation, October, 1803</i>, he supposes England to have been
+invaded, and the battle fought in which "the Invaders were
+laid low."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i10h">... behold a Peasant stand</span><br />
+<span class="i2">On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>See the Fenwick note preceding the poem.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i9h">... a barren ridge we scale;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>They went up Little Langdale, I think, past the Tarn to
+Fell Foot, and crossed over the ridge of Tilberthwaite, into
+Yewdale by the copper mines.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Under a rock too steep for man to tread,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span>There is a Raven crag in Yewdale, evidently the one referred
+to in this passage, and also in the passage in the first book of
+<i>The Prelude</i> (see vol. iii. p. 142), beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8h">Oh! when I have hung</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Above the raven's nest, by knots of grass</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And half-inch fissures in the slippery rock</span><br />
+<span class="i2">But ill sustained, etc.</span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i7">... toward the lowly Grange</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Press forward,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>To Waterhead at the top of Coniston Lake.</p>
+
+<p>In connection with Loughrigg Tarn, compare the note to
+the poem beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">So fair, so sweet, withal so sensitive,</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>and also the Biographical Sketch of Professor Archer Butler,
+prefixed to his <i>Sermons</i>, vol. i.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_537" id="Footnote_A_537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_537"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Loughrigg Tarn</span>, alluded to in the foregoing <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle</i></a>, resembles, though
+much smaller in compass, the Lake Nemi, or <i>Speculum Dianæ</i> as it is often
+called, not only in its clear waters and circular form, and the beauty immediately
+surrounding it, but also as being overlooked by the eminence of
+Langdale Pikes as Lake Nemi is by that of Monte Calvo. Since this
+<a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle</i></a> was written Loughrigg Tarn has lost much of its beauty by the felling
+of many natural clumps of wood, relics of the old forest, particularly
+upon the farm called "The Oaks" from the abundance of that tree which
+grew there.
+</p><p>
+It is to be regretted, upon public grounds, that Sir George Beaumont
+did not carry into effect his intention of constructing here a Summer
+Retreat in the style I have described; as his Taste would have set an example
+how buildings, with all the accommodations modern society requires,
+might be introduced even into the most secluded parts of this country
+without injuring their native character. The design was not abandoned
+from failure of inclination on his part, but in consequence of local untowardnesses
+which need not be particularised.&mdash;W. W. 1842.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="UPON_THE_SIGHT_OF_A_BEAUTIFUL" id="UPON_THE_SIGHT_OF_A_BEAUTIFUL"></a>UPON THE SIGHT OF A BEAUTIFUL
+PICTURE,</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Painted by Sir G. H. Beaumont, Bart.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[This was written when we dwelt in the Parsonage at Grasmere.
+The principal features of the picture are Bredon Hill
+and Cloud Hill near Coleorton. I shall never forget the happy
+feeling with which my heart was filled when I was impelled to
+compose this Sonnet. We resided only two years in this house,
+and during the last half of the time, which was after this poem
+had been written, we lost our two children, Thomas and
+Catherine. Our sorrow upon these events often brought it to
+my mind, and cast me upon the support to which the last line
+of it gives expression&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"The appropriate calm of blest eternity."</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It is scarcely necessary to add that we still possess the
+Picture.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In 1815 the
+title was simply <i>Upon the Sight of a Beautiful Picture</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span><span class="i0">Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yon cloud, and fix it in that glorious shape;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor would permit the thin smoke to escape,<a name="FNanchor_A_539" id="FNanchor_A_539"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_539" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor those bright sunbeams to forsake the day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which stopped that band of travellers on their way,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere they were lost within the shady wood;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And showed the Bark upon the glassy flood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For ever anchored in her sheltering bay.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Soul-soothing Art! whom<a name="FNanchor_1_538" id="FNanchor_1_538"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_538" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> Morning, Noon-tide, Even,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do serve with all their changeful pageantry;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou, with ambition modest yet sublime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here, for the sight of mortal man, hast given<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To one brief moment caught from fleeting time<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The appropriate calm of blest eternity,<a name="FNanchor_B_540" id="FNanchor_B_540"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_540" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Compare the <i>Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a picture of Peele
+Castle, in a Storm, painted by Sir George Beaumont</i>&mdash;especially
+the first three, and the fifth, sixth, and seventh stanzas. (See
+vol. iii. p. 54.)</p>
+
+<p>In the letter written to Sir George Beaumont from Bootle, in
+1811&mdash;partly quoted in the note to the previous poem (<a href="#Page_268">p. 268</a>)&mdash;Wordsworth
+says, "A few days after I had enjoyed the pleasure
+of seeing, in different moods of mind, your Coleorton landscape
+from my fireside, it <i>suggested</i> to me the following sonnet, which&mdash;having
+walked out to the side of Grasmere brook, where it
+murmurs through the meadows near the Church&mdash;I composed
+immediately&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Praised be the Art ...</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"The images of the smoke and the travellers are taken from
+your picture; the rest were added, in order to place the thought
+in a clear point of view, and for the sake of variety."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_538" id="Footnote_1_538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_538"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1838.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... which ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_539" id="Footnote_A_539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_539"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare, in Pope's <i>Moral Essays</i>, ii. 19&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Choose a firm cloud before it fall, and in it</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Catch, ere she change, the Cynthia of this minute.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_540" id="Footnote_B_540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_540"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare, in the <i>Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a Picture of Peele Castle,
+in a Storm</i> (vol. iii. p. 55)&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Elysian quiet, without toil or strife.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="TO_THE_POET_JOHN_DYER" id="TO_THE_POET_JOHN_DYER"></a>TO THE POET, JOHN DYER</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1811.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In the edition
+of 1815 the title was, <i>To the Poet, Dyer</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Bard of the Fleece, whose skilful genius made<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That work a living landscape fair and bright;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor hallowed less with musical delight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than those soft scenes through which thy childhood strayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those southern tracts of Cambria, deep embayed,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With green hills fenced, with<a name="FNanchor_1_541" id="FNanchor_1_541"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_541" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> ocean's murmur lull'd;<a name="FNanchor_A_542" id="FNanchor_A_542"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_542" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though hasty Fame hath many a chaplet culled<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For worthless brows, while in the pensive shade<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of cold neglect she leaves thy head ungraced,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet pure and powerful minds, hearts meek and still,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A grateful few, shall love thy modest Lay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long as the shepherd's bleating flock shall stray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er naked Snowdon's wide aërial waste;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long as the thrush shall pipe on Grongar Hill!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>John Dyer, author of <i>Grongar Hill</i> (1726), and <i>The Fleece</i>
+(1757), was born at Aberglasney, in Caermarthenshire, in
+1698, and died in 1758. Both Akenside and Gray, before
+Wordsworth's time, had signalised his merit, in opposition to
+the dicta of Johnson and Horace Walpole. The passage which
+Wordsworth quotes is from <i>The Fleece</i>, in which Dyer is referring
+to his own ancestors, who were weavers, and "fugitives
+from superstition's rage," and who brought the art of weaving
+"from Devon" to</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i13h">that soft tract</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Of Cambria, deep-embayed, Dimetian land,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">By green hills fenced, by ocean's murmur lulled.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span>It will be observed that Wordsworth quotes this last line of
+Dyer accurately in the edition of 1815, but changed it in 1827.</p>
+
+<p>This sonnet was possibly written before 1811, as in a letter
+to Lady Beaumont, dated November 20, 1811, he speaks of it
+as written "some time ago." In that letter Wordsworth writes
+thus of Dyer:&mdash;"His poem is in several places dry and heavy,
+but its beauties are innumerable, and of a high order. In
+point of <i>imagination</i> and purity of style, I am not sure that he
+is not superior to any writer of verse since the time of Milton."
+He then transcribes his sonnet, and adds&mdash;"In the above is
+one whole line from <i>The Fleece</i>, and also other expressions.
+When you read <i>The Fleece</i>, you will recognise them."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_541" id="Footnote_1_541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_541"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">By green hills fenced, by ...      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_542" id="Footnote_A_542"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_542"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Compare Dyer's <i>Fleece</i>, book iii.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1812" id="Year_1812"></a>1812</h2>
+
+
+<p>The years 1812 and 1813 were poetically even less productive
+than 1811 had been. The first of them was saddened by
+domestic losses, which deprived the poet, for a time, of the
+power of work, and almost of any interest in the labour to
+which his life was devoted. Three short pieces are all that
+belong to 1812 and 1813 respectively.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SONG_FOR_THE_SPINNING_WHEEL" id="SONG_FOR_THE_SPINNING_WHEEL"></a>SONG FOR THE SPINNING WHEEL</h2>
+
+<h3>FOUNDED UPON A BELIEF PREVALENT AMONG THE
+PASTORAL VALES OF WESTMORELAND</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1812.&mdash;Published 1820</p>
+
+
+<p>[The belief on which this is founded I have often heard
+expressed by an old neighbour of Grasmere.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>One of the "Poems of the Fancy."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Swiftly turn the murmuring wheel!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Night has brought the welcome hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When the weary fingers feel<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Help, as if from faery power;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dewy night o'ershades the ground;    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turn the swift wheel round and round!</span><br />
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span><span class="i0">Now, beneath the starry sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Couch<a name="FNanchor_1_543" id="FNanchor_1_543"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_543" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> the widely-scattered sheep;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ply the pleasant labour, ply!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the spindle, while they sleep,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Runs with speed more smooth and fine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gathering<a name="FNanchor_2_544" id="FNanchor_2_544"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_544" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> up a trustier line.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Short-lived likings may be bred<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By a glance from fickle eyes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But true love is like the thread    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which the kindly wool supplies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When the flocks are all at rest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sleeping on the mountain's breast.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It was for Sarah Hutchinson that this <i>Song</i> was written. She
+lived, for the most part, either at Brinsop Court Herefordshire,
+or at Rydal Mount Westmoreland, or at Greta Hall Keswick.
+When living at Greta Hall, she acted as Southey's amanuensis.
+She also frequently transcribed poems for Wordsworth, at
+Grasmere, Coleorton, and Rydal Mount.</p>
+
+<p>Compare the sonnet addressed <i>To S. H.</i> in the "Miscellaneous
+Sonnets," I. xx.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_543" id="Footnote_1_543"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_543"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Rest ...      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_544" id="Footnote_2_544"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_544"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">With a motion smooth and fine</span><br />
+<span class="var">Gathers ...      <span class="yearnum">1820.</span></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Runs with motion smooth and fine,</span><br />
+<span class="var">Gathering ...      <span class="yearnum">1827.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="COMPOSED_ON_THE_EVE_OF_THE_MARRIAGE" id="COMPOSED_ON_THE_EVE_OF_THE_MARRIAGE"></a>COMPOSED ON THE EVE OF THE MARRIAGE
+OF A FRIEND IN THE VALE OF GRASMERE, 1812</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1812.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What need of clamorous bells, or ribands gay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These humble nuptials to proclaim or grace?</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">Angels of love, look down upon the place;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shed on the chosen vale a sun-bright day!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet no proud gladness would the Bride display    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Even for such promise:<a name="FNanchor_1_545" id="FNanchor_1_545"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_545" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>&mdash;serious is her face,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Modest her mien; and she, whose thoughts keep pace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With gentleness, in that becoming way<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will thank you. Faultless does the Maid appear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No disproportion in her soul, no strife:    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But, when the closer view of wedded life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath shown that nothing human can be clear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From frailty, for that insight may the Wife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To her indulgent Lord become more dear.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This refers to the marriage of Thomas Hutchinson (Mrs.
+Wordsworth's brother) to Mary Monkhouse, sister of the Mr.
+Monkhouse with whom Wordsworth afterwards travelled on the
+Continent. The marriage took place on November 1, 1812.
+They lived at Nadnorth for eighteen years, and afterwards at
+Brinsop Court, Herefordshire, for twenty-one years. To their
+son&mdash;the Rev. Thomas Hutchinson of Kimbolton, Leominster,
+Herefordshire&mdash;and to their daughter&mdash;Miss Elizabeth
+Hutchinson of Rock Villa, West Malvern&mdash;I am indebted for
+much information in reference to their uncle and aunts. The
+portrait of Wordsworth in his forty-seventh year, by Richard
+Carruthers, is in Mr. Hutchinson's possession at the Rectory,
+Kimbolton.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_545" id="Footnote_1_545"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_545"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Even for such omen would the Bride display</span><br />
+<span class="var">No mirthful gladness:&mdash;      <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WATER-FOWLA" id="WATER-FOWLA"></a>WATER-FOWL<a name="FNanchor_A_546" id="FNanchor_A_546"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_546" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1812.&mdash;Published 1827</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Let me be allowed the aid of verse to describe the
+evolutions which these visitants sometimes perform, on a fine day<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span>
+towards the close of winter."&mdash;<i>Extract from the Author's Book
+on the Lakes.</i>&mdash;W. W. 1827.</p>
+
+<p>[Observed frequently over the lakes of Rydal and Grasmere.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Placed among the "Poems of the Imagination."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Mark how the feathered tenants of the flood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With grace of motion that might scarcely seem<a name="FNanchor_B_547" id="FNanchor_B_547"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_547" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Inferior to angelical, prolong<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their curious pastime! shaping in mid air<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(And sometimes with ambitious wing that soars    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High as the level of the mountain-tops)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A circuit ampler than the lake beneath&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their own domain; but ever, while intent<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On tracing and retracing that large round,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their jubilant activity evolves    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hundreds of curves and circlets, to and fro,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upward and downward, progress intricate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet unperplexed, as if one spirit swayed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their indefatigable flight. 'Tis done&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ten times, or more, I fancied it had ceased;    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But lo! the vanished company again<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ascending; they approach&mdash;I hear their wings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Faint, faint at first; and then an eager sound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Past in a moment&mdash;and as faint again!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They tempt the sun to sport amid their plumes;    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They tempt the water, or the gleaming ice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To show them a fair image; 'tis themselves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their own fair forms, upon the glimmering plain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Painted more soft and fair as they descend<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Almost to touch;&mdash;then up again aloft,    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up with a sally and a flash of speed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if they scorned both resting-place and rest!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_546" id="Footnote_A_546"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_546"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This is part of the canto of <i>The Recluse</i>, entitled "Home at Grasmere."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_547" id="Footnote_B_547"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_547"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> For the original text, which differs from this, see <i>The Recluse</i>, vol. viii.
+of this edition.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Year_1813" id="Year_1813"></a>1813</h2>
+
+
+<p class="center">See the <a href="#Page_275">note</a> to the previous year, 1812.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VIEW_FROM_THE_TOP_OF_BLACK_COMB" id="VIEW_FROM_THE_TOP_OF_BLACK_COMB"></a>VIEW FROM THE TOP OF BLACK COMB</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1813.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>Black Comb stands at the southern extremity of Cumberland:
+its base covers a much greater extent of ground than any other
+mountain in these parts; and, from its situation, the summit
+commands a more extensive view than any other point in
+Britain.&mdash;W. W. 1827.</p>
+
+<p>[Mrs. Wordsworth and I, as mentioned in the <a href="#EPISTLE"><i>Epistle to Sir
+G. Beaumont</i></a>, lived sometime under its shadow.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Poems of the Imagination." (See
+the editorial note to the following poem.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">This Height a ministering Angel might select:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For from the summit of <span class="smcap">Black Comb</span> (dread name<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Derived from clouds and storms!) the amplest range<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of unobstructed prospect may be seen<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That British ground commands:&mdash;low dusky tracts,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where Trent is nursed, far southward! Cambrian hills<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the south-west, a multitudinous show;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, in a line of eye-sight linked with these,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The hoary peaks of Scotland that give birth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Tiviot's stream, to Annan, Tweed, and Clyde:&mdash;    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span><span class="i0">Crowding the quarter whence the sun comes forth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gigantic mountains rough with crags; beneath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Right at the imperial station's western base<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Main ocean, breaking audibly, and stretched<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far into silent regions blue and pale;&mdash;    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And visibly engirding Mona's Isle<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That, as we left the plain, before our sight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stood like a lofty mount, uplifting slowly<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Above the convex of the watery globe)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Into clear view the cultured fields that streak    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her<a name="FNanchor_1_548" id="FNanchor_1_548"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_548" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> habitable shores, but now appears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A dwindled object, and submits to lie<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At the spectator's feet.&mdash;Yon azure ridge,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is it a perishable cloud? Or there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Do we behold the line<a name="FNanchor_2_549" id="FNanchor_2_549"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_549" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> of Erin's coast?<a name="FNanchor_A_550" id="FNanchor_A_550"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_550" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>    <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Land sometimes by the roving shepherd-swain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Like the bright confines of another world)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not doubtfully perceived.&mdash;Look homeward now!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In depth, in height, in circuit, how serene<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The spectacle, how pure!&mdash;Of Nature's works,    <span class="linenum">30</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In earth, and air, and earth-embracing sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A revelation infinite it seems;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Display august of man's inheritance,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Britain's calm felicity and power!<a name="FNanchor_B_551" id="FNanchor_B_551"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_551" class="fnanchor">[B]</a><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_548" id="Footnote_1_548"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_548"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1827.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Its ...  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_549" id="Footnote_2_549"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_549"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... the frame ...  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p class="section">FOOTNOTES:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_550" id="Footnote_A_550"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_550"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> The Irish coast can be seen from Black Comb, but it is seldom visible
+till after sundown.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_551" id="Footnote_B_551"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_551"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Compare, in <i>The Minstrels of Winandermere</i>, by Charles Farish, p. 33&mdash;
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Close by the sea, lone sentinel,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Black Comb his forward station keeps;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">He breaks the sea's tumultuous swell,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">And ponders o'er the level deeps.<span class="yearnum"><span class="smcap">Ed.</span></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span></p>
+<h2 class="spec"><a name="WRITTEN_WITH_A_SLATE_PENCIL" id="WRITTEN_WITH_A_SLATE_PENCIL"></a>WRITTEN WITH A SLATE PENCIL ON A
+STONE, ON THE SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN
+OF BLACK COMB</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed 1813.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+
+<p>[The circumstance, alluded to at the conclusion of these
+verses, was told me by Dr. Satterthwaite, who was Incumbent
+of Bootle, a small town at the foot of Black Comb. He had
+the particulars from one of the engineers who was employed in
+making trigonometrical surveys of that region.&mdash;I. F.]</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Inscriptions."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Stay, bold Adventurer; rest awhile thy limbs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On this commodious Seat! for much remains<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of hard ascent before thou reach the top<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of this huge Eminence,&mdash;from blackness named,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, to far-travelled storms of sea and land,    <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A favourite spot of tournament and war!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But thee may no such boisterous visitants<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Molest; may gentle breezes fan thy brow;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And neither cloud conceal, nor misty air<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bedim, the grand terraqueous spectacle,    <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From centre to circumference, unveiled!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Know, if thou grudge not to prolong thy rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That on the summit whither thou art bound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A geographic Labourer pitched his tent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With books supplied and instruments of art,    <span class="linenum">15</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To measure height and distance; lonely task,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Week after week pursued!&mdash;To him was given<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Full many a glimpse (but sparingly bestowed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On timid man) of Nature's processes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the exalted hills. He made report    <span class="linenum">20</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That once, while there he plied his studious work<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Within that canvass Dwelling, colours, lines,</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">And the whole surface of the out-spread map,<a name="FNanchor_1_552" id="FNanchor_1_552"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_552" class="fnanchor">[1]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Became invisible: for all around<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had darkness fallen&mdash;unthreatened, unproclaimed&mdash;           <span class="linenum">25</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if the golden day itself had been<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Extinguished in a moment; total gloom,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In which he sate alone, with unclosed eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the blinded mountain's silent top!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the editions of 1815 and 1820, the note to the previous
+poem, <a href="#VIEW_FROM_THE_TOP_OF_BLACK_COMB"><i>View from the top of Black Comb</i></a>, was appended to this
+one. In 1827 it was transferred to its appropriate and
+permanent place.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_552" id="Footnote_1_552"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_552"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1837.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">Within that canvass Dwelling, suddenly</span><br />
+<span class="var">The many-coloured map before his eyes <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NOVEMBER_1813" id="NOVEMBER_1813"></a>NOVEMBER, 1813</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Composed November 1813.&mdash;Published 1815</p>
+
+<p>Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Now that all hearts are glad, all faces bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our aged Sovereign sits, to the ebb and flow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of states and kingdoms, to their joy or woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Insensible. He sits deprived of sight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lamentably wrapped in twofold night,                  <span class="linenum">5</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whom no weak hopes deceived; whose mind ensued,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through perilous war, with regal fortitude,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Peace that should claim respect from lawless Might.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dread King of Kings, vouchsafe a ray divine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To his forlorn condition! let thy grace                  <span class="linenum">10</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon his inner<a name="FNanchor_1_553" id="FNanchor_1_553"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_553" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> soul in mercy shine;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Permit his heart to kindle, and to embrace<a name="FNanchor_2_554" id="FNanchor_2_554"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_554" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span><br />
+<span class="i0">(Though it were<a name="FNanchor_3_555" id="FNanchor_3_555"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_555" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> only for a moment's space)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The triumphs of this hour; for they are <span class="smcap">Thine</span>!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The reference is to the rejoicings on the Leipzig victory of
+the Allied Forces, October 16 to 19, 1813. Napoleon crossed
+the Rhine on the 2nd November, and returned to Paris with
+the wreck of his army. George III. was English Sovereign;
+but, owing to his illness, the Prince of Wales had been appointed
+Regent, and assumed executive power in January 1811. The
+King died at Windsor in 1820, being eighty-two years of age.
+He had been entirely blind for some years before his death.
+The "twofold night" referred to in the sonnet is sufficiently
+obvious.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p>VARIANTS:</p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_553" id="Footnote_1_553"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_553"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> 1815.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... inmost ... <span class="yearnum">1838.</span></span>
+</div></div><p>
+The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_554" id="Footnote_2_554"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_554"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <span class="allcapsc">C.</span> and 1838.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">... and embrace,  <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_555" id="Footnote_3_555"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_555"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> 1832.
+</p><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="var">(Though were it ...) <span class="yearnum">1815.</span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+<p style="padding-top: 2em;">END OF VOL. IV</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Printed by</i> <span class="smcap">R. &amp; R. Clark, Limited</span>, <i>Edinburgh</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><a name="Transcribers_Notes" id="Transcribers_Notes"></a>Transcriber's Note:</p>
+
+<p>1. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter ends and cross-links provided EXCEPTING
+the footnote at the end of <a href="#THE_MARTIAL_COURAGE_OF_A_DAY_IS_VAIN">Tyrolese Sonnet VI</a>, which has been placed immediatly after
+the sonnet though the chapter continues and other succeeding footnotes appear at the end.</p>
+
+<p>In the original text the printer used multiple periods to push single and multiple word "Variants"
+into the place in the notes where they occured in the poem. In this e-text a single ellipsis (...) is used to represent positioning of
+preceeding and succeeding words. The variant anchor point indicates the relative position of the word
+variant in the poem.</p>
+
+<p>In footnote <a href="#Footnote_A_157">[A]</a> to the poem "In the Grounds of Coleorton", p. 79 "l. 7." has been changed
+to p. 79 "l. 13." While the note correctly identifies the 7th line of the text of the
+poem printed on p. 79, it is actually l. 13. of the poem.</p>
+
+<p>2. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and numbered by the printer in 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.</p>
+
+<p>3. <a href="#Page_5">Pg. 5</a> changed "in" to "on" (which befell him on the way.)</p>
+
+<p>4. <a href="#Page_197">Pg. 197</a>, Note II. incorrectly shows p. 201 for <a href="#THE_FORCE_OF_PRAYERA"><i>The Force of Prayer, or the Founding of Bolton Priory</i></a>. This poem begins on
+Pg. 204 and the reference has been corrected.</p>
+
+<p>5. <a href="#Page_193">Pg. 193</a> changed single close quote ['] to ["]. (motion of The White Doe.")</p>
+
+<p>6. <a href="#Page_273">Pg. 273</a> removed single double quote from (..., deep embayed,)</p>
+
+<p>7. Several word variations appearing in the text have been retained including but not limited to:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"achieves" and "atchieved"<br />
+"antient", "ancyent", and "ancient"<br />
+"belovèd" and "beloved"<br />
+"birthplace" (<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>) and "birth-place" (poems)<br />
+"blessèd" and "blessed"<br />
+"Buonaparté" and "Buonaparte"<br />
+"cheer(ed)(ful)" and "chear(ed)(ful)"<br />
+"eye-sight" and "eyesight"<br />
+"farm-house" and "farmhouse"<br />
+"Mauleverers" and "Mauliverers"<br />
+"negociation" and "negotiation"<br />
+"out-spread" and "outspread"<br />
+"re-appearing" and "reappearing"<br />
+"recognised" and "recognized"<br />
+"Shakspeare"('s) (3) and "Shakespeare"('s) (3)<br />
+"Stockton-on-Tees" and "Stockton-upon-Tees"<br />
+"strong-hold" (in poetry) and "stronghold" (in letter)<br />
+"wingèd" and "winged"<br />
+"wreathèd" and "wreathed"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>8. The translations of the Tyrolese Sonnets in German were originally printed
+in the Fraktur Font, and with other Blackletter Gothic fonts are represented in
+"<em class="antiqua">Antiqua</em>" in this e-text.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 32459-h.txt or 32459-h.zip *******</p>
+<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br />
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/2/4/5/32459">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/5/32459</a></p>
+<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.</p>
+
+<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
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+<pre>
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth,
+Volume IV (of 8), by William Wordsworth, Edited by William Knight
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Volume IV (of 8)
+
+
+Author: William Wordsworth
+
+Editor: William Knight
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2010  [eBook #32459]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM
+WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Christine Aldridge, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+   1. Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
+
+   2. Text in Gothic Font other than Fraktur is enclosed by
+      equal signs (=Gothic font=).
+
+   3. Text in gesperrt (s p a c e d) is enclosed by tildes
+      (~g e s p e r r t~).
+
+   4. Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.
+
+   5. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter
+      ends. Other notes about variants and footnotes are located
+      at the end of this text.
+
+   6. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and
+      numbered by the printer at 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.
+
+   7. Spelling inconsistencies have been retained, a list appears
+      at the end of this text, together with printers error
+      corrections.
+
+   8. The [oe] ligature appears in the original text in the words:
+      Phoebus,Boeotia and manoeuvres, and has been removed from
+      this e-text.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
+
+Edited by
+
+WILLIAM KNIGHT
+
+VOL. IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[ILLUSTRATION]
+
+
+=London=
+Macmillan and Co., Ltd.
+New York: Macmillan & Co.
+1896
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                    1806
+
+                                                                 PAGE
+    To the Spade of a Friend                                        2
+
+    Character of the Happy Warrior                                  7
+
+    The Horn of Egremont Castle                                    12
+
+    A Complaint                                                    17
+
+    Stray Pleasures                                                18
+
+    Power of Music                                                 20
+
+    Star-gazers                                                    22
+
+    "Yes, it was the mountain Echo"                                25
+
+    "Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room"                 27
+
+    Personal Talk                                                  30
+
+    Admonition                                                     34
+
+    "'Beloved Vale!' I said, 'when I shall con'"                   35
+
+    "How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks"                     36
+
+    "Those words were uttered as in pensive mood"                  37
+
+    "With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky"            38
+
+    "The world is too much with us; late and soon"                 39
+
+    "With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh"                40
+
+    "Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?"               41
+
+    To Sleep                                                       42
+
+    To Sleep                                                       43
+
+    To Sleep                                                       43
+
+    To the Memory of Raisley Calvert                               44
+
+    "Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne"                    46
+
+    Lines composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening,
+      after a stormy day, the Author having just read
+      in a Newspaper that the dissolution of Mr. Fox was
+      hourly expected                                              47
+
+    November, 1806                                                 49
+
+    Address to a Child                                             50
+
+    "Brook! whose society the Poet seeks"                          52
+
+    "There is a little unpretending Rill"                          53
+
+
+                                    1807
+
+    To Lady Beaumont                                               57
+
+    A Prophecy. February, 1807                                     59
+
+    Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland          60
+
+    To Thomas Clarkson, on the final passing of the Bill for
+      the Abolition of the Slave Trade, March, 1807                62
+
+    The Mother's Return                                            63
+
+    Gipsies                                                        65
+
+    "O Nightingale! thou surely art"                               67
+
+    "Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near"              68
+
+    Composed by the side of Grasmere Lake. 1807                    73
+
+    In the Grounds of Coleorton, the Seat of Sir George
+      Beaumont, Bart., Leicestershire                              74
+
+    In a Garden of the same                                        76
+
+    Written at the request of Sir George Beaumont, Bart.,
+      and in his name, for an Urn, placed by him at the
+      termination of a newly-planted Avenue in the same
+      Grounds                                                      78
+
+    For a Seat in the Groves of Coleorton                          80
+
+    Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle                           82
+
+
+                                    1808
+
+    The White Doe of Rylstone                                     100
+
+    The Force of Prayer                                           204
+
+    Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a
+      Tract, occasioned by the Convention of Cintra. 1808         210
+
+    Composed at the same time and on the same occasion            211
+
+
+                                    1809
+
+    Tyrolese Sonnets--
+
+      Hoffer                                                      213
+
+      "Advance--come forth from thy Tyrolean ground"              214
+
+      Feelings of the Tyrolese                                    215
+
+      "Alas! what boots the long laborious quest"                 216
+
+      On the final Submission of the Tyrolese                     217
+
+      "The martial courage of a day is vain"                      217
+
+    "And is it among rude untutored Dales"                        222
+
+    "O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain"               223
+
+    "Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye"                           224
+
+    "Say, what is Honour?--'Tis the finest sense"                 225
+
+    "Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight"           226
+
+    "Call not the royal Swede unfortunate"                        227
+
+    "Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid"                   228
+
+    "Is there a power that can sustain and cheer"                 228
+
+    Epitaphs translated from Chiabrera--
+
+      "Weep not, beloved Friends! nor let the air"                230
+
+      "Perhaps some needful service of the State"                 230
+
+      "O Thou who movest onward with a mind"                      231
+
+      "There never breathed a man who, when his life"             232
+
+      "True is it that Ambrosio Salinero"                         233
+
+      "Destined to war from very infancy"                         234
+
+      "O flower of all that springs from gentle blood"            235
+
+      "Not without heavy grief of heart did He"                   236
+
+      "Pause, courteous Spirit!--Balbi supplicates"               237
+
+
+                                    1810
+
+    "Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen"                    240
+
+    "In due observance of an ancient rite"                        241
+
+    Feelings of a noble Biscayan at one of those Funerals,        242
+      1810
+
+    On a celebrated Event in Ancient History                      242
+
+    Upon the same Event                                           244
+
+    The Oak of Guernica                                           245
+
+    Indignation of a high-minded Spaniard, 1810                   246
+
+    "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind"                         247
+
+    "O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied"                 247
+
+    The French and the Spanish Guerillas                          248
+
+    Maternal Grief                                                248
+
+
+                                    1811
+
+    Characteristics of a Child three years old                    252
+
+    Spanish Guerillas, 1811                                       253
+
+    "The power of Armies is a visible thing"                      254
+
+    "Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise"            255
+
+    Epistle to Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart.                 256
+
+    Upon perusing the foregoing Epistle thirty years after its
+      composition                                                 267
+
+    Upon the sight of a Beautiful Picture                         271
+
+    To the Poet, John Dyer                                        273
+
+
+                                    1812
+
+    Song for the Spinning Wheel                                   275
+
+    Composed on the Eve of the Marriage of a Friend in the
+      Vale of Grasmere, 1812                                      276
+
+    Water-fowl                                                    277
+
+
+                                    1813
+
+    View from the Top of Black Comb                               279
+
+    Written with a Slate Pencil on a Stone, on the side of the
+      Mountain of Black Comb                                      281
+
+    November, 1813                                                282
+
+
+
+
+WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS
+
+
+
+
+1806
+
+
+Wordsworth left Grasmere with his household for Coleorton in November
+1806, and there is no evidence that he returned to Westmoreland till
+April 1808; although his sister spent part of the winter of 1807-8 at
+Dove Cottage, while he and Mrs. Wordsworth wintered at Stockton with the
+Hutchinson family. Several of the sonnets which are published in the
+"Poems" of 1807 refer, however, to Grasmere, and were probably composed
+there. I have conjecturally assigned a good many of them to the year
+1806. Some may have been composed earlier than 1806, but it is not
+likely that any belong to a later year.
+
+In addition to these, the poems of 1806 include the _Character of the
+Happy Warrior_, unless it should be assigned to the close of the
+previous year (see the note to the poem, p. 11), _The Horn of Egremont
+Castle_, the three poems composed in London in the spring of the year
+(April or May)--viz. _Stray Pleasures_, _Power of Music_, and
+_Star-gazers_--the lines on the Mountain Echo, those composed in
+expectation of the death of Mr. Fox, and the _Ode, Intimations of
+Immortality_.[A] Southey, in writing to Sir Walter Scott, on the 4th of
+February 1806, said, "Wordsworth has of late been more employed in
+correcting his poems than in writing others."--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] For reasons stated in the preface to vol. i. this Ode is printed in
+vol. viii. at the close of the poems.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE SPADE OF A FRIEND
+
+(AN AGRICULTURIST)
+
+COMPOSED WHILE WE WERE LABOURING[A] TOGETHER IN HIS PLEASURE-GROUND
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This person was Thomas Wilkinson, a Quaker by religious profession; by
+natural constitution of mind--or, shall I venture to say, by God's
+grace? he was something better. He had inherited a small estate, and
+built a house upon it, near Yanwath, upon the banks of the Emont. I have
+heard him say that his heart used to beat, in his boyhood, when he heard
+the sound of a drum and fife. Nevertheless the spirit of adventure in
+him confined itself in tilling his ground, and conquering such obstacles
+as stood in the way of its fertility. Persons of his religious
+persuasion do now, in a far greater degree than formerly, attach
+themselves to trade and commerce. He kept the old track. As represented
+in this poem, he employed his leisure hours in shaping pleasant walks by
+the side of his beloved river, where he also built something between a
+hermitage and a summer house, attaching to it inscriptions after the
+manner of Shenstone at his Leasowes. He used to travel from time to
+time, partly from love of Nature, and partly with religious friends, in
+the service of humanity. His admiration of genius in every department
+did him much honour. Through his connection with the family in which
+Edmund Burke was educated, he became acquainted with that great man, who
+used to receive him with great kindness and condescension; and many
+times I have heard Wilkinson speak of those interesting interviews. He
+was honoured also by the friendship of Elizabeth Smith, and of Thomas
+Clarkson and his excellent wife, and was much esteemed by Lord and Lady
+Lonsdale, and every member of that family. Among his verses (he wrote
+many) are some worthy of preservation; one little poem in particular,
+upon disturbing, by prying curiosity, a bird while hatching her young in
+his garden. The latter part of this innocent and good man's life was
+melancholy. He became blind, and also poor, by becoming surety for some
+of his relations. He was a bachelor. He bore, as I have often witnessed,
+his calamities with unfailing resignation. I will only add, that while
+working in one of his fields, he unearthed a stone of considerable size,
+then another, then two more; observing that they had been placed in
+order, as if forming the segment of a circle, he proceeded carefully to
+uncover the soil, and brought into view a beautiful Druid's temple, of
+perfect, though small dimensions. In order to make his farm more
+compact, he exchanged this field for another, and, I am sorry to add,
+the new proprietor destroyed this interesting relic of remote ages for
+some vulgar purpose. The fact, so far as concerns Thomas Wilkinson, is
+mentioned in the note on a sonnet on _Long Meg and her Daughters_.--I.
+F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    Spade! with which Wilkinson hath tilled his lands,
+    And shaped these pleasant walks by Emont's side,
+    Thou art a tool of honour in my hands;
+    I press thee, through the yielding soil, with pride.
+
+    Rare master has it been thy lot to know;                     5
+    Long hast Thou served a man to reason true;
+    Whose life combines the best of high and low,
+    The labouring[1] many and the resting few;
+
+    Health, meekness, ardour, quietness secure,[2]
+    And industry of body and of mind;                           10
+    And elegant enjoyments, that are pure
+    As nature is;--too pure to be refined.
+
+    Here often hast Thou heard the Poet sing
+    In concord with his river murmuring by;
+    Or in some silent field, while timid spring                 15
+    Is yet uncheered by other minstrelsy.
+
+    Who shall inherit Thee when death has[3] laid
+    Low in the darksome cell thine own dear lord?
+    That man will have a trophy, humble Spade!
+    A trophy nobler than a conqueror's sword.[4]                20
+
+    If he be one that feels, with skill to part
+    False praise from true, or, greater from the less,
+    Thee will he welcome to his hand and heart,
+    Thou monument of peaceful happiness!
+
+    He will not dread with Thee a toilsome day--                25
+    Thee his loved servant, his inspiring mate![5]
+    And, when thou art past service, worn away,
+    No dull oblivious nook shall hide thy fate.[6]
+
+    His thrift thy uselessness[7] will never scorn;
+    An _heir-loom_ in his cottage wilt thou be:--               30
+    High will he hang thee up, well pleased to adorn[8]
+    His rustic chimney with the last of Thee!
+
+
+Thomas Wilkinson of Yanwath, the friend of Wordsworth and the subject of
+these verses, deserves more than a passing note.
+
+                                He was a man
+      Whom no one could have passed without remark.
+
+One of the old race of Cumbrian "Statesmen"--men who owned, and
+themselves cultivated, small bits of land (see Wordsworth's letter on
+_The Brothers_ and _Michael_, vol. ii. p. 234)--he was Wordsworth's
+senior by nineteen years, and lived on a patrimonial farm of about forty
+acres, on the banks of the Emont,--the stream which, flowing out of
+Ullswater, divides Cumberland from Westmoreland. He was a Friend, and
+used to travel great distances to attend religious conferences, or
+engage in philanthropic work,--on one occasion riding on his pony from
+Yanwath to London, to the yearly meeting of the Friends; and, on
+another, walking the 300 miles to town, in eight days, for the same
+purpose. A simple, genuine nature; serene, refined, hospitable, naive,
+and humorous withal; a quaint original man, with a true eye for Nature,
+a keen relish for rural life (especially for gardening) and a happy
+knack of characterization, whether he undertook descriptions of scenery
+in the course of his travels, or narrated the incidents which befell him
+on the way. This is how he writes of his farm, and his work upon
+it:--"We have at length some traces of spring (6th April 1784); the
+primrose under the hedge begins to open her modest flower, the buds
+begin to swell, and the birds to build; yet we have still a wide
+horizon, the mountain tops resign not their snows. The happiest season
+of the year with me is now commencing--I mean that in which I am at the
+plough; my horses pace slowly on before, the larks sing above my head,
+and the furrow falls at my side, and the face of Nature and my own mind
+seem to wear a sweet and cheerful tranquillity."
+
+The following extract shows the interest which he took in the very
+implements of his industry, and may serve as an illustration of
+Wordsworth's stanzas on his "spade." "Eighth month, 16th, 1789.
+Yesterday I parted without regret from an old acquaintance--I set by my
+scythe for this year. I have often this season seen the dark blue
+mountains before the sun and his rising embroider them with gold. I have
+had many a good sleep in the shade among fragrant grass and refreshing
+breezes, and though closely engaged in what may be thought heavy work, I
+was sensible of the enjoyments of life with uninterrupted health." In
+the closing years of the last century, when the spirit of patriotic
+ardour was so thoroughly roused in England by the restlessness of France
+and the ambition of Napoleon, he lived on at his pastoral farm, "busy
+with his husbandry." In London, he made the acquaintance of Edmund
+Burke; and Thomas Clarkson, the philanthropist,--whose labours for the
+abolition of the slave trade are matter of history,--became his intimate
+friend, and was a frequent visitor at Yanwath. Clarkson afterwards
+bought an estate near to Wilkinson's home, on the shores of Ullswater,
+where he built a house, and named it Eusemere, and there the Wordsworths
+were not infrequent guests. (See the note to the poem beginning "I
+wandered lonely as a cloud," vol. iii. p. 5.) Wordsworth stayed at
+Yanwath for two days in 1806. The _Tours to the British Mountains, with
+the Descriptive Poems of Lowther and Emont Vale_ (London, 1824), have
+been referred to in the note to _The Solitary Reaper_, vol. ii. p. 399,
+one of the poems in the "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland, 1803." It is
+an interesting volume--the prose much superior to the verse--and might
+be reprinted with advantage. Wilkinson was urged repeatedly to publish
+his "Tour through the Highlands," but he always declined, and it was
+printed at last without his knowledge, by some one to whom he had lent
+his MS.
+
+Wilkinson's relations to Wordsworth are alluded to in the note to _The
+Solitary Reaper_. He is occasionally referred to in Dorothy Wordsworth's
+Grasmere Journal of January and March 1802, _e.g._:--"Monday, 12th
+March.--The ground covered with snow. Walked to T. Wilkinson's and sent
+for letters. The woman brought me one from Wm. and Mary. It was a sharp
+windy night. Thomas Wilkinson came with me to Barton, and questioned me
+like a catechiser all the way. Every question was like the snapping of a
+little thread about my heart. I was so full of thought of my half-read
+letter and other things."
+
+The following are extracts from letters of Wilkinson to Miss Mary
+Leadbeater of Ballintore:--"Yanwath, 15. 2. 1801.--I had lately a young
+Poet seeing me that sprang originally from the next village. He has left
+the College, turned his back on all preferment, and settled down
+contentedly among our Lakes, with his Sister and his Muse. He ... writes
+in what he conceives to be the language of Nature in opposition to the
+finery of our present poetry. He has published two volumes of Poems,
+mostly of the same character. His name is William Wordsworth." In a
+letter, dated 29. 1. 1809, the following occurs:--"Thou hast wished to
+have W. Wordsworth's Lines on my Spade, which I shall transcribe thee. I
+had promised Lord Lonsdale to take him to Lowther, when he came to see
+me, but when we arrived he was gone to shoot moor-game with Judge
+Sutton. William and I then returned, and wrought together at a walk I
+was then forming, which gave birth to his Verses." The expression
+"sprang from the next village" might not be intended to mean that he was
+born there; or, if it did, the fact that Wordsworth's mother was a
+native of Penrith, and his own visits to that town, might account for
+the mistake of one who had made no minute enquiry as to the poet's
+birthplace. He was born at Cockermouth. Compare an interesting account
+of Thomas Wilkinson, by Mary Carr, reprinted from the _Friends'
+Quarterly Examiner_, 1882.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... toiling ...                                    1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      Health, quiet, meekness, ardour, hope secure,      1807.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1815.
+
+      More noble than the noblest Warrior's sword.       1807.
+
+[5] 1837.
+
+      With Thee he will not dread a toilsome day,
+      His powerful Servant, his inspiring Mate!          1807.
+
+[6] 1837.
+
+      Thee a surviving soul shall consecrate.            1807.
+
+[7] 1815.
+
+      ... usefulness ...                                 1807.
+
+The text of 1832 resumes that of 1807, but the edition of 1837 returns
+to the final text of 1815.
+
+[8] 1837.
+
+      ... and will adorn                                 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In a letter to Wilkinson, accompanying a copy of these verses, which
+Wordsworth sent from Coleorton, in November 1806, he wrote: "They are
+supposed to have been composed that afternoon when you and I were
+labouring together in your pleasure-ground." I think that Professor
+Dowden is right in supposing that they were written in 1806.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The course of the great war with the French naturally fixed one's
+attention upon the military character, and, to the honour of our
+country, there were many illustrious instances of the qualities that
+constitute its highest excellence. Lord Nelson carried most of the
+virtues that the trials he was exposed to in his department of the
+service necessarily call forth and sustain, if they do not produce the
+contrary vices. But his public life was stained with one great crime, so
+that though many passages of these lines were suggested by what was
+generally known as excellent in his conduct, I have not been able to
+connect his name with the poem as I could wish, or even to think of him
+with satisfaction in reference to the idea of what a warrior ought to
+be. For the sake of such of my friends as may happen to read this note,
+I will add that many elements of the character here pourtrayed were
+found in my brother John, who perished by shipwreck, as mentioned
+elsewhere. His messmates used to call him the Philosopher, from which it
+must be inferred that the qualities and dispositions I allude to had not
+escaped their notice. He often expressed his regret, after the war had
+continued some time, that he had not chosen the Naval, instead of the
+East India Company's, service, to which his family connection had led
+him. He greatly valued moral and religious instruction for youth, as
+tending to make good sailors. The best, he used to say, came from
+Scotland; the next to them, from the North of England, especially from
+Westmoreland and Cumberland, where, thanks to the piety and local
+attachments of our ancestors, endowed, or, as they are commonly called,
+free, schools abound.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    Who is the happy Warrior? Who is he
+    That[1] every man in arms should wish to be?
+    --It is the generous Spirit, who, when brought
+    Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought
+    Upon the plan that pleased his boyish[2] thought:            5
+    Whose high endeavours are an inward light
+    That makes[3] the path before him always bright:
+    Who, with a natural instinct to discern
+    What knowledge can perform, is diligent to learn;
+    Abides by this resolve, and stops not there,                10
+    But makes his moral being his prime care;
+    Who, doomed to go in company with Pain,
+    And Fear, and Bloodshed, miserable train!
+    Turns his necessity to glorious gain;
+    In face of these doth exercise a power                      15
+    Which is our human nature's highest dower;
+    Controls them and subdues, transmutes, bereaves
+    Of their bad influence, and their good receives:
+    By objects, which might force the soul to abate
+    Her feeling, rendered more compassionate;                   20
+    Is placable--because occasions rise
+    So often that demand such sacrifice;
+    More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure,
+    As tempted more; more able to endure,
+    As more exposed to suffering and distress;                  25
+    Thence, also, more alive to tenderness.
+    --'Tis he whose law is reason; who depends
+    Upon that law as on the best of friends;
+    Whence, in a state where men are tempted still
+    To evil for a guard against worse ill,                      30
+    And what in quality or act is best
+    Doth seldom on a right foundation rest,
+    He labours good on good to fix,[4] and owes
+    To virtue every triumph that he knows:
+    --Who, if he rise to station of command,                    35
+    Rises by open means; and there will stand
+    On honourable terms, or else retire,
+    And in himself possess his own desire;
+    Who comprehends his trust, and to the same
+    Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim;                    40
+    And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait
+    For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state;
+    Whom they must follow; on whose head must fall,
+    Like showers of manna, if they come at all:[A]
+    Whose powers shed round him in the common strife,
+    Or mild concerns of ordinary life,                          46
+    A constant influence, a peculiar grace;
+    But who, if he be called upon to face
+    Some awful moment to which Heaven has joined
+    Great issues, good or bad for human kind,                   50
+    Is happy as a Lover; and attired
+    With sudden brightness, like a Man inspired;
+    And, through the heat of conflict, keeps the law
+    In calmness made, and sees what he foresaw;
+    Or if an unexpected call succeed,                           55
+    Come when it will, is equal to the need:
+    --He who, though thus endued as with a sense
+    And faculty for storm and turbulence,
+    Is yet a Soul whose master-bias leans
+    To homefelt pleasures and to gentle scenes;                 60
+    Sweet images! which, wheresoe'er he be,
+    Are at his heart; and such fidelity
+    It is his darling passion to approve;
+    More brave for this, that he hath much to love:--
+    'Tis, finally, the Man, who, lifted high,                   65
+    Conspicuous object in a Nation's eye,
+    Or left unthought-of in obscurity,--
+    Who, with a toward or untoward lot,
+    Prosperous or adverse, to his wish or not--
+    Plays, in the many games of life, that one                  70
+    Where what he most doth value must be won:
+    Whom neither shape of danger can dismay,
+    Nor thought of tender happiness betray;
+    Who, not content that former worth stand fast,
+    Looks forward, persevering to the last,                     75
+    From well to better, daily self-surpast:[B]
+    Who, whether praise of him must walk the earth
+    For ever, and to noble deeds give birth,
+    Or he must fall, to sleep without his fame,[5]
+    And leave a dead unprofitable name--                        80
+    Finds comfort in himself and in his cause;
+    And, while the mortal mist is gathering, draws
+    His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause:
+    This is the happy Warrior; this is He
+    That[6] every Man in arms should wish to be.                85
+
+
+The following note was appended by Wordsworth in the edition of 1807.
+"The above Verses were written soon after tidings had been received of
+the Death of Lord Nelson, which event directed the Author's thoughts to
+the subject. His respect for the memory of his great fellow-countryman
+induces him to mention this; though he is well aware that the Verses
+must suffer from any connection in the Reader's mind with a Name so
+illustrious."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This note would seem to warrant our removing the date of the composition
+of the poem from 1806 to 1805; since Lord Nelson died at the battle of
+Trafalgar, on the 21st of October 1805. On the other hand, Wordsworth
+himself gave the date 1806; and the "soon after" of the above note may
+perhaps be stretched to include two months and a half. In writing to Sir
+George Beaumont on the 11th of February 1806, and enclosing a copy of
+these verses, he says, "they were written several weeks ago." Southey,
+writing to Sir Walter Scott, from Keswick, on the 4th of February 1806,
+says, "Wordsworth was with me last week; he has of late been more
+employed in correcting his poems than in writing others; but one piece
+he has written, upon the ideal character of a soldier, than which I have
+never seen anything more full of meaning and sound thought. The subject
+was suggested by Nelson's most glorious death, though having no
+reference to it. He had some thoughts of sending it to _The Courier_, in
+which case you will easily recognise his hand." (_The Life and
+Correspondence of Robert Southey_, vol. iii. p. 19.) As it is impossible
+to decide with accuracy, in the absence of more definite data, I follow
+the poet's own statement, and assign it to the year 1806.
+
+Wordsworth tells us that features in the character, both of Lord Nelson
+and of his own brother John, are delineated in this poem. Mr. William
+Davies writes to me, "He might very well have set the name of Cuthbert,
+Lord Collingwood, Nelson's contemporary, at the head of the poem, as
+embodying its spirit and lofty rule of life."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      Whom ...                                           1807.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      ... childish ...                                   1807.
+
+[3] 1832.
+
+      ... make ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1837.
+
+      He fixes good on good alone, ...                   1807.
+
+[5] C. and 1840.
+
+      Or He must go to dust without his fame,            1807.
+
+      Or he must fall and sleep without his fame,        1837.
+
+[6] 1845.
+
+      Whom ...                                           1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Pope's _Temple of Fame_ (ll. 513, 514)--
+
+      Nor Fame I slight, nor for her favours call;
+      She comes unlook'd for, if she comes at all.
+
+And Carew's _Epistle to the Countess of Anglesie_ (ll. 57, 58)--
+
+      He chose not in the active stream to swim,
+      Nor hunted Honour, which yet hunted him.             ED.
+
+[B] In the edition of 1807, the following note was added to these
+lines:--
+
+      For Knightes ever should be persevering,
+      To seeke honour without feintise or slouth,
+      Fro wele to better in all manner thinge.
+
+                     CHAUCER--_The Floure and the Leafe_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE HORN OF EGREMONT CASTLE
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[A Tradition transferred from the ancient mansion of Hutton John, the
+seat of the Huddlestones, to Egremont Castle.--I. F.]
+
+In 1815 this poem was placed among those "of the Imagination"; in 1845
+it was transferred to the class of "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Ere the Brothers through the gateway
+    Issued forth with old and young,
+    To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed
+    Which for ages there had hung.[1]
+    Horn it was which none could sound,                          5
+    No one upon living ground,
+    Save He who came as rightful Heir
+    To Egremont's Domains and Castle fair.
+
+    Heirs from times of earliest record[2]
+    Had the House of Lucie born,                                10
+    Who of right had held the Lordship
+    Claimed by proof upon the Horn:[3]
+    Each at the appointed hour
+    Tried the Horn,--it owned his power;
+    He was acknowledged: and the blast,                         15
+    Which good Sir Eustace sounded, was the last.
+
+    With his lance Sir Eustace pointed,
+    And to Hubert thus said he,
+    "What I speak this Horn shall witness
+    For thy better memory.                                      20
+    Hear, then, and neglect me not!
+    At this time, and on this spot,
+    The words are uttered from my heart,
+    As my last earnest prayer ere we depart.
+
+    "On good service we are going                               25
+    Life to risk by sea and land,
+    In which course if Christ our Saviour
+    Do my sinful soul demand,
+    Hither come thou back straightway,
+    Hubert, if alive that day;                                  30
+    Return, and sound the Horn, that we
+    May have a living House still left in thee!"
+
+    "Fear not," quickly answered Hubert;
+    "As I am thy Father's son,
+    What thou askest, noble Brother,                            35
+    With God's favour shall be done."
+    So were both right well content:
+    Forth they from the Castle went,[4]
+    And at the head of their Array
+    To Palestine the Brothers took their way.                   40
+
+    Side by side they fought (the Lucies
+    Were a line for valour famed)
+    And where'er their strokes alighted,
+    There the Saracens were tamed.
+    Whence, then, could it come--the thought--                  45
+    By what evil spirit brought?
+    Oh! can a brave Man wish to take
+    His Brother's life, for Lands' and Castle's sake?
+
+    "Sir!" the Ruffians said to Hubert,
+    "Deep he lies in Jordan flood."                             50
+    Stricken by this ill assurance,
+    Pale and trembling Hubert stood.
+    "Take your earnings."--Oh! that I
+    Could have _seen_[5] my Brother die!
+    It was a pang that vexed him then;                          55
+    And oft returned, again, and yet again.
+
+    Months passed on, and no Sir Eustace!
+    Nor of him were tidings heard.
+    Wherefore, bold as day, the Murderer
+    Back again to England steered.                              60
+    To his Castle Hubert sped;
+    Nothing has he[6] now to dread.
+    But silent and by stealth he came,
+    And at an hour which nobody could name.
+
+    None could tell if it were night-time,                      65
+    Night or day, at even or morn;
+    No one's eye had seen him enter,
+    No one's ear had heard the Horn.[7]
+    But bold Hubert lives in glee:
+    Months and years went smilingly;                            70
+    With plenty was his table spread;
+    And bright the Lady is who shares his bed.
+
+    Likewise he had sons and daughters;
+    And, as good men do, he sate
+    At his board by these surrounded,                           75
+    Flourishing in fair estate.
+    And while thus in open day
+    Once he sate, as old books say,
+    A blast was uttered from the Horn,
+    Where by the Castle-gate it hung forlorn.                   80
+
+    'Tis the breath of good Sir Eustace!
+    He is come to claim his right:
+    Ancient castle, woods, and mountains
+    Hear the challenge with delight.
+    Hubert! though the blast be blown                           85
+    He is helpless and alone:
+    Thou hast a dungeon, speak the word!
+    And there he may be lodged, and thou be Lord.
+
+    Speak!--astounded Hubert cannot;
+    And, if power to speak he had,                              90
+    All are daunted, all the household
+    Smitten to the heart, and sad.
+    'Tis Sir Eustace; if it be
+    Living man, it must be he!
+    Thus Hubert thought in his dismay,                          95
+    And by a postern-gate he slunk away.[8]
+
+    Long, and long was he unheard of:
+    To his Brother then he came,
+    Made confession, asked forgiveness,
+    Asked it by a brother's name,                              100
+    And by all the saints in heaven;
+    And of Eustace was forgiven:
+    Then in a convent went to hide
+    His melancholy head, and there he died.
+
+    But Sir Eustace, whom good angels                          105
+    Had preserved from murderers' hands,
+    And from Pagan chains had rescued,
+    Lived with honour on his lands.
+    Sons he had, saw sons of theirs:
+    And through ages, heirs of heirs,                          110
+    A long posterity renowned,
+    Sounded the Horn which they alone could sound.
+
+
+The following note is appended to this poem in the edition of 1807, and
+in those of 1836 to 1850:--
+
+  "This Story is a Cumberland tradition; I have heard it also
+  related of the Hall of Hutton John, an antient residence of the
+  Huddlestones, in a sequestered Valley upon the River Dacor."
+
+Egremont Castle, to which this Cumberland tradition was transferred, is
+close to the town of Egremont, an ancient borough on the river Ehen, not
+far from St. Bees. The castle was founded about the beginning of the
+twelfth century, by William, brother of Ranulph de Meschines, who
+bestowed on William the whole of the extensive barony of Copeland. The
+gateway of the castle is vaulted with semi-circular arches, and defended
+by a strong tower. Westward from the castle area is an ascent to three
+narrow gates, standing in a line, and close together. These communicated
+with the outworks, each being defended by a portcullis. Beyond the gates
+is an artificial mound, seventy-eight feet above the moat; and on this
+stood an ancient circular tower. (See a description of the castle in
+Britton and Brayley's _Cumberland_.) The river Dacor, or Dacre, referred
+to in Wordsworth's note, joins the Emont a short way below Ullswater;
+and the hall of Hutton John, which in the reign of Edward III. belonged
+to the barony of Graystock, passed in the time of Elizabeth to the
+Huddlestones. The famous Catholic father, John Huddlestone, chaplain to
+Charles II. and James II., was of this family.
+
+In the edition of 1815, there is the following footnote to the title of
+the poem:--"This Poem and the Ballad which follows it" (it was that of
+_Goody Blake and Harry Gill_), "as they rather refer to the imagination
+than are produced by it, would not have been placed here" (_i.e._ among
+the "Poems of the Imagination"), "but to avoid a needless multiplication
+of the Classes."
+
+The text of 1807 underwent no change until 1845. But--as is shown by the
+notes in the late Lord Coleridge's copy of the edition of 1836--the
+alterations subsequently adopted in 1845 were made in the interval
+between these years.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] C. and 1845.
+
+      When the Brothers reach'd the gateway,
+      Eustace pointed with his lance
+      To the Horn which there was hanging;
+      Horn of the inheritance.                           1807.
+
+      When the Brothers reached the gateway,
+      With their followers old and young,
+      To the Horn Sir Eustace pointed
+      That for ages there had hung.                         C.
+
+[2] C. and 1845.
+
+      Heirs from ages without record                     1807.
+
+[3] C. and 1845.
+
+      Who of right had claim'd the Lordship
+      By the proof upon the Horn:                        1807.
+
+                   ... held ...
+      Claimed by proof ...                                  C.
+
+[4] C. and 1845.
+
+      From the Castle forth they went.                   1807.
+
+[5] _Italics_ were first used in 1815.
+
+[6] 1845.
+
+      He has nothing ...                                 1807.
+
+[7] C. and 1845.
+
+      For the sound was heard by no one
+      Of the proclamation-horn.                          1807.
+
+[8] 1807.
+
+      ... slipped away.                                    MS.
+
+
+
+
+A COMPLAINT
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. Suggested by a change in the manner of a
+friend.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems founded on the Affections."--ED.
+
+
+    There is a change--and I am poor;
+    Your love hath been, nor long ago,
+    A fountain at my fond heart's door,
+    Whose only business was to flow;
+    And flow it did; not taking heed                             5
+    Of its own bounty, or my need.
+
+    What happy moments did I count!
+    Blest was I then all bliss above!
+    Now, for that[1] consecrated fount
+    Of murmuring, sparkling, living love,                       10
+    What have I? shall I dare to tell?
+    A comfortless and hidden well.
+
+    A well of love--it may be deep--
+    I trust it is,--and never dry:
+    What matter? if the waters sleep                            15
+    In silence and obscurity.
+    --Such change, and at the very door
+    Of my fond heart, hath made me poor.
+
+
+It is highly probable that the friend was S. T. Coleridge. See the _Life
+of Wordsworth_ (1889), vol. ii. pp. 166, 167.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1836.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1807.
+
+
+
+
+STRAY PLEASURES
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Suggested on the Thames by the sight of one of those floating mills
+that used to be seen there. This I noticed on the Surrey side between
+Somerset House and Blackfriars' Bridge. Charles Lamb was with me at the
+time; and I thought it remarkable that I should have to point out to
+_him_, an idolatrous Londoner, a sight so interesting as the happy group
+dancing on the platform. Mills of this kind used to be, and perhaps
+still are, not uncommon on the continent. I noticed several upon the
+river Saone in the year 1799, particularly near the town of Chalons,
+where my friend Jones and I halted a day when we crossed France; so far
+on foot; there we embarked, and floated down to Lyons.--I. F.]
+
+      "----_Pleasure is spread through the earth
+      In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find._"
+
+One of the "Poems of the Fancy." The title _Stray Pleasures_ was first
+given in the edition of 1820. In 1807 and 1815 the poem had no title;
+but in the original MS. it was called "Dancers."--ED.
+
+
+          By their floating mill,
+          That[1] lies dead and still,
+    Behold yon Prisoners three,
+    The Miller with two Dames, on the breast of the Thames!
+    The platform is small, but gives room[2] for them all;       5
+    And they're dancing merrily.
+
+          From the shore come the notes
+          To their mill where it floats,
+    To their house and their mill tethered fast:
+    To the small wooden isle where, their work to beguile,      10
+    They from morning to even take whatever is given;--
+    And many a blithe day they have past.[3]
+
+          In sight of the spires,
+          All alive with the fires
+    Of the sun going down to his rest,                          15
+    In the broad open eye of the solitary sky,
+    They dance,--there are three, as jocund as free,
+    While they dance on the calm river's breast.
+
+          Man and Maidens wheel,
+          They themselves make the reel,                        20
+    And their music's a prey which they seize;
+    It plays not for them,--what matter? 'tis theirs;
+    And if they had care, it has scattered their cares
+    While they dance, crying, "Long as ye please!"
+
+          They dance not for me,                                25
+          Yet mine is their glee!
+    Thus pleasure is spread through the earth
+    In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find;
+    Thus a rich loving-kindness, redundantly kind,
+    Moves all nature to gladness and mirth.                     30
+
+          The showers of the spring
+          Rouse the birds, and they sing;
+    If the wind do but stir for his proper delight,
+    Each leaf, that and this, his neighbour will kiss;[A]
+    Each wave, one and t'other, speeds after his brother;       35
+    They are happy, for that is their right!
+
+
+Wordsworth went up to London in April 1806, where he stayed two months.
+It was, doubtless, on that occasion that these lines were written. The
+year mentioned in the Fenwick note is incorrect. It was in 1790 that
+Wordsworth crossed France with his friend Jones.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Which ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+      ... but there's room ...                           1807.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+                        ... with whatever be given;--
+      Full many a blithe day have past.                    MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Michael Drayton, _The Muse's Elysium_, nymphal vi. ll. 4-7--
+
+      The wind had no more strength than this,
+      That leisurely it blew,
+      To make one leaf the next to kiss
+      That closely by it grew.
+
+Wordsworth frequently confessed his obligation to Dr. Anderson--the
+editor of the _British Poets_--for enabling him to acquaint himself with
+the poetry of Drayton, and other early English writers.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+POWER OF MUSIC
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Taken from life.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination." The original title in MS.
+was "A Street Fiddler (in London)."--ED.
+
+
+    An Orpheus! an Orpheus! yes, Faith may grow bold,
+    And take to herself all the wonders of old;--
+    Near the stately Pantheon you'll meet with the same
+    In the street that from Oxford hath borrowed its name.
+
+    His station is there; and he works on the crowd,             5
+    He sways them with harmony merry and loud;
+    He fills with his power all their hearts to the brim--
+    Was aught ever heard like his fiddle and him?
+
+    What an eager assembly! what an empire is this!
+    The weary have life, and the hungry have bliss;             10
+    The mourner is cheered, and the anxious have rest;
+    And the guilt-burthened soul is no longer opprest.
+
+    As the Moon brightens round her the clouds of the night,
+    So He, where he stands, is a centre of light;
+    It gleams on the face, there, of dusky-browed[1] Jack,      15
+    And the pale-visaged Baker's, with basket on back.
+
+    That errand-bound 'Prentice was passing in haste--
+    What matter! he's caught--and his time runs to waste;
+    The Newsman is stopped, though he stops on the fret;
+    And the half-breathless Lamplighter--he's in the net!       20
+
+    The Porter sits down on the weight which he bore;
+    The Lass with her barrow wheels hither her store;[2]--
+    If a thief could be here he might pilfer at ease;
+    She sees the Musician, 'tis all that she sees!              24
+
+    He stands, backed by the wall;--he abates not his din;
+    His hat gives him vigour, with boons dropping in,
+    From the old and the young, from the poorest; and there!
+    The one-pennied Boy has his penny to spare.
+
+    O blest are the hearers, and proud be the hand              29
+    Of the pleasure it spreads through so thankful a band;
+    I am glad for him, blind as he is!--all the while
+    If they speak 'tis to praise, and they praise with a smile.
+
+    That tall Man, a giant in bulk and in height,
+    Not an inch of his body is free from delight;
+    Can he keep himself still, if he would? oh, not he!         35
+    The music stirs in him like wind through a tree.
+
+    Mark that Cripple[3] who leans on his crutch; like a tower
+    That long has leaned forward, leans hour after hour!--
+    That Mother,[4] whose spirit in fetters is bound,
+    While she dandles the Babe in her arms to the sound.        40
+
+    Now, coaches and chariots! roar on like a stream;
+    Here are twenty souls happy as souls in a dream:
+    They are deaf to your murmurs--they care not for you,
+    Nor what ye are flying, nor[5] what ye pursue!
+
+
+This must be assigned to the same London visit, in the spring of 1806,
+referred to in the note to the previous poem.
+
+Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth in 1815, "Your _Power of Music_
+reminded me of his" (Bourne's) "poem of _The Ballad Singer in the Seven
+Dials_."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... dusky-faced ...                                1807.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      ... for store;--                                   1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      There's a Cripple ...                              1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      A Mother, ...                                      1807.
+
+[5] 1815.
+
+      ... or ...                                         1807.
+
+
+
+
+STAR-GAZERS
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Observed by me in Leicester-square, as here described.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    What crowd[1] is this? what have we here! we must not[2] pass it by;
+    A Telescope upon its frame, and pointed to the sky:
+    Long is it as a barber's pole, or mast of little boat,
+    Some little pleasure skiff, that doth on Thames's waters float.
+
+    The Show-man chooses well his place, 'tis Leicester's busy         5
+        Square;
+    And is[3] as happy in his night, for the heavens are blue and fair;
+    Calm, though impatient, is[4] the crowd; each stands ready[5] with
+        the fee,
+    And envies him that's looking[6];--what an insight must it be!
+
+    Yet, Show-man, where can lie[7] the cause? Shall thy Implement have
+        blame,
+    A boaster, that when he is tried, fails, and is put to shame?     10
+    Or is it good as others are, and be their eyes in fault?
+    Their eyes, or minds? or, finally, is yon[8] resplendent vault?
+
+    Is nothing of that radiant pomp so good as we have here?
+    Or gives a thing but small delight that never can be dear?
+    The silver moon with all her vales, and hills of mightiest fame,  15
+    Doth she betray us when they're seen? or[9] are they but a name?
+
+    Or is it rather that Conceit rapacious is and strong,
+    And bounty never yields[10] so much but it seems to do her wrong?
+    Or is it, that when human Souls a journey long have had
+    And are returned into themselves, they cannot but be sad?[A]      20
+
+    Or must we be constrained to think that these Spectators rude,
+    Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,
+    Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie?
+    No, no, this cannot be;--men thirst for power and majesty![11]
+
+    Does, then, a deep and earnest thought[12] the blissful mind      25
+        employ
+    Of him who gazes, or has gazed? a grave and steady joy,
+    That doth reject all show of pride, admits no outward sign,
+    Because not of this noisy world, but silent and divine!
+
+    Whatever be the cause,[13] 'tis sure that they who pry and pore
+    Seem to meet with little gain, seem less happy than before:       30
+    One after One they take their turn,[14] nor have I one espied
+    That doth not slackly go away, as if dissatisfied.
+
+
+Doubtless "observed" during the visit to London in April and May
+1806.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      What throng ...                                      MS.
+
+[2] 1807
+
+      ... we cannot ...                                    MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      And he's ...                                       1807.
+
+[4] 1807.
+
+      ... are ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      ... Each is ready ...                              1807.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      Impatient till his moment comes-- ...              1827.
+
+      ... come;-- ...                                    1836.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[7] 1807.
+
+      ... be ...                                           MS.
+
+[8] 1832.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[9] 1827.
+
+      Do they betray us when they're seen? and ...       1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[10] 1807.
+
+      ... cannot yield ...                                 MS.
+
+[11] 1807.
+
+      Or is it but unwelcome thought! that these Spectators rude,
+      Poor in estate, of manners base, men of the multitude,
+      Have souls which never yet have risen, and therefore prostrate lie,
+      Not to be lifted up at once to power and majesty?
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[12] 1807.
+
+      Or does some deep and earnest joy ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[13] 1807.
+
+      Whate'er the cause may be, ...
+
+    MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+[14] 1827.
+
+      ... turns, ...                                     1807.
+
+    And MS. letter, D. W. to Lady Beaumont, Nov. 15, 1806.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] "Compare Shelley's statement in _Julian and Maddalo_--where he
+speaks of material not spiritual voyaging--that coming homeward 'always
+makes the spirit tame'" (Professor Dowden).
+
+
+
+
+"YES, IT WAS THE MOUNTAIN ECHO"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The echo came from Nab-scar, when I was
+walking on the opposite side of Rydal Mere. I will here mention, for my
+dear Sister's sake, that, while she was sitting alone one day high up on
+this part of Loughrigg Fell, she was so affected by the voice of the
+Cuckoo heard from the crags at some distance that she could not suppress
+a wish to have a stone inscribed with her name among the rocks from
+which the sound proceeded. On my return from my walk I recited these
+verses to Mrs. Wordsworth.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Yes, it was the mountain Echo,
+    Solitary, clear, profound,
+    Answering to the shouting Cuckoo,
+    Giving to her sound for sound![1]
+
+               [2]
+
+    Unsolicited reply                                            5
+    To a babbling wanderer sent;[3]
+    Like her ordinary cry,
+    Like--but oh, how different!
+
+    Hears not also mortal Life?
+    Hear not we, unthinking Creatures!                          10
+    Slaves of folly, love, or strife--
+    Voices of two different natures?
+
+    Have not _we_[4] too?--yes, we have
+    Answers, and we know not whence;
+    Echoes from beyond the grave,                               15
+    Recognised intelligence!
+
+    Such rebounds our inward ear[A]
+    Catches sometimes from afar--[5]
+    Listen, ponder, hold them dear;[6]
+    For of God,--of God they are.                               20
+
+
+The place where this echo was heard can easily be identified by any one
+walking along the southern or Loughrigg shore of Rydal. The Fenwick
+note refers to a wish of Dorothy Wordsworth to have her name inscribed
+on a stone among the rocks of Loughrigg Fell. It is impossible to know
+whether it was ever carried out or not. If it was, the place is
+undiscoverable, like the spot on the banks of the Rotha, where Joanna's
+name was graven "deep in the living rock," or the place where Wordsworth
+carved his wife's initials (as recorded in Mrs. Hemans' _Memoirs_), or
+where the daisy was found, which suggested the lines beginning
+
+      Small service is true service while it lasts;
+
+and it is well that they are undiscoverable. It is so easy for posterity
+to vulgarise, by idle and unappreciative curiosity, spots that are
+sacred only to the few who feel them to be shrines. The very grave where
+Wordsworth rests runs the risk of being thus abused by the unthinking
+crowd. But, in the hope that no one will desecrate it, as the Rock of
+Names has been injured, I may mention that there is a stone near Rydal
+Mere, on the north-eastern slope of Loughrigg, with the initial "M."
+deeply cut. The exact locality I need not more minutely indicate.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Yes! full surely 'twas the Echo,
+      Solitary, clear, profound,
+      Answering to Thee, shouting Cuckoo!
+      Giving to thee Sound for Sound.                    1807.
+
+[2]   Whence the Voice? from air or earth?
+      This the Cuckoo cannot tell;
+      But a startling sound had birth,
+      As the Bird must know full well;
+
+    Only in the edition of 1807.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      Like the voice through earth and sky
+      By the restless Cuckoo sent;                       1807.
+
+[4] _Italics_ were first used in the edition of 1836.
+
+[5] 1836.
+
+      Such within ourselves we hear
+      Oft-times, ours though sent from far;              1807.
+
+      Such rebounds our inward ear
+      Often catches from afar;--                         1827.
+
+      Often as thy inward ear
+      Catches such rebounds, beware,--                   1832.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      Giddy Mortals! hold them dear;                     1827.
+
+    The edition of 1832 returns to the text of 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Writing to Barron Field about this stanza of the poem in 1827,
+Wordsworth said, "The word 'rebounds' I wish much to introduce here; for
+the imaginative warning turns upon the echo, which ought to be revived
+as near the conclusion as possible."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"NUNS FRET NOT AT THEIR CONVENT'S NARROW ROOM"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[In the cottage, Town-end, Grasmere, one afternoon in 1801, my sister
+read to me the sonnets of Milton. I had long been well acquainted with
+them, but I was particularly struck on that occasion with the dignified
+simplicity and majestic harmony that runs through most of them,--in
+character so totally different from the Italian, and still more so from
+Shakspeare's fine sonnets. I took fire, if I may be allowed to say so,
+and produced three sonnets the same afternoon, the first I ever wrote,
+except an irregular one at school. Of these three, the only one I
+distinctly remember is--"I grieved for Buonaparte." One was never
+written down; the third, which was, I believe, preserved, I cannot
+particularise.--I. F.]
+
+From 1807 to 1820 this was named _Prefatory Sonnet_, as introducing the
+series of "Miscellaneous Sonnets" in these editions. In 1827 it took its
+place as the first in that series, following the Dedication
+_To ----_.--ED.
+
+
+    Nuns fret not at their convent's narrow room;
+    And hermits are contented with their cells;
+    And students with their pensive citadels;
+    Maids at the wheel, the weaver at his loom,
+    Sit blithe and happy; bees that soar for bloom,              5
+    High as the highest Peak of Furness-fells,
+    Will murmur by the hour in foxglove bells:
+    In truth the prison, unto which we doom
+    Ourselves, no prison is:[A] and hence for me,[1]
+    In sundry moods,'twas pastime to be bound                   10
+    Within the Sonnet's scanty plot of ground;
+    Pleased if some Souls (for such there needs must be)
+    Who have felt the weight of too much liberty,[B]
+    Should find brief[2] solace there, as I have found.
+
+
+In Wordsworth's time "Furness-fells" was a generic phrase for all the
+hills east of the Duddon, south of the Brathay, and west of Windermere;
+including the Coniston group, Wetherlam, with the Yewdale and
+Tilberthwaite fells. The district of Furness, like that of Craven in
+Yorkshire, being originally ecclesiastical, had a wide area, of which
+the abbey of Furness was the centre.
+
+In the Fenwick note prefixed to this sonnet, Wordsworth refers to his
+earliest attempt at sonnet writing. He says he wrote an irregular one at
+school, and the next were three sonnets written one afternoon in Dove
+Cottage in the year 1801, after his sister had read the sonnets of
+Milton. This note is not, however, to be trusted. It was not in 1801,
+but on the 21st of May 1802, that his sister read to him these sonnets
+of Milton; and he afterwards wrote not one but two sonnets on
+Buonaparte. What the irregular sonnet written at school was it is
+impossible to say, unless he refers to the one entitled, in 1807 and
+subsequent editions, _Written in Very Early Youth_; and beginning--
+
+      Calm is all nature as a resting wheel.
+
+But on a copy of _An Evening Walk_ (1793 edition) Wordsworth
+wrote:--"This is the first of my published poems, with the exception of
+a sonnet, written when I was a schoolboy, and published in the _European
+Magazine_ in June or July 1786, and signed Axiologus." Even as to this
+date his memory was at fault. It was published in 1787, when he was
+seventeen years of age. Its full title may be given; although, for
+reasons already stated, it would be unjustifiable to republish the
+sonnet, except in an appendix to the poems, and mainly for its
+biographical interest. It was entitled, _Sonnet, on seeing Miss Maria
+Williams weep at a Tale of Distress_. But, fully ten years before the
+date mentioned by Dorothy Wordsworth in her Grasmere Journal--as the day
+on which she read Milton's sonnets to her brother, and on which he wrote
+the two on Buonaparte--he had written others, the existence of which he
+had evidently forgotten. On the 6th of May 1792, his sister wrote thus
+from Forncett Rectory in Norfolk to her friend, Miss Jane Pollard:--"I
+promised to transcribe some of William's compositions. As I made the
+promise, I will give you a little sonnet.... I take the first that
+offers. It is very valuable to me, because the cause which gave birth to
+it was the favourite evening walk of William and me.... I have not
+chosen this sonnet from any particular beauty it has. _It was the first
+I laid my hands upon._" From the clause I have italicised, it would
+almost seem that other sonnets belong to that period, viz. before 1793,
+when _An Evening Walk_ appeared. She would hardly have spoken of it as
+she did, if this was the only sonnet her brother had then written.
+Though very inferior to his later work, this sonnet may be preserved as
+a specimen of Wordsworth's earlier manner, before he had broken away,
+by the force of his own imagination, from the trammels of the
+conventional style, which he inherited. It is printed in the Appendix to
+volume viii.
+
+It will be seen that Wordsworth's memory cannot be always relied upon,
+in reference to dates, and similar details, in the Fenwick
+memoranda.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1849.
+
+      ... to me,                                         1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... short ...                                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare in Lovelace's poem, _To Althea from Prison_--
+
+      Stone walls do not a prison make,
+        Nor iron bars a cage;
+      Minds innocent and quiet take
+        That for a hermitage.                              ED.
+
+[B] Compare the line in the _Ode to Duty_ vol. iii. p. 40--
+
+      Me this unchartered freedom tires.                   ED.
+
+
+
+
+PERSONAL TALK
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. The last line but two stood, at first,
+better and more characteristically, thus:--
+
+      "By my half-kitchen and half-parlour fire."
+
+My sister and I were in the habit of having the tea-kettle in our little
+sitting room; and we toasted the bread ourselves, which reminds me of a
+little circumstance not unworthy to be set down among these minutiae.
+Happening both of us to be engaged a few minutes one morning when we had
+a young prig of a Scotch lawyer to breakfast with us, my dear Sister,
+with her usual simplicity, put the toasting fork with a slice of bread
+into the hands of this Edinburgh genius. Our little book-case stood on
+one side of the fire. To prevent loss of time, he took down a book, and
+fell to reading, to the neglect of the toast, which was burnt to a
+cinder. Many a time have we laughed at this circumstance, and other
+cottage simplicities of that day. By the bye, I have a spite at one of
+this series of Sonnets (I will leave the reader to discover which) as
+having been the means of nearly putting off for ever our acquaintance
+with dear Miss Fenwick, who has always stigmatized one line of it as
+vulgar, and worthy only of having been composed by a country squire.--I.
+F.]
+
+In 1815, this was classed among the "Poems proceeding from Sentiment and
+Reflection." From 1820 to 1843, it found a place among the
+"Miscellaneous Sonnets," and in 1845 was restored to its earlier one
+among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+                         I
+
+    I am not One who much or oft delight
+    To season my fireside with personal talk,--
+    Of[1] friends, who live within an easy walk,
+    Or neighbours, daily, weekly, in my sight:
+    And, for my chance-acquaintance, ladies bright,              5
+    Sons, mothers, maidens withering on the stalk,[A]
+    These all wear out of me, like Forms, with chalk
+    Painted on rich men's floors, for one feast-night.
+    Better than such discourse doth silence long,
+    Long, barren silence, square with my desire;                10
+    To sit without emotion, hope, or aim,
+    In the loved presence of my cottage-fire,[2]
+    And listen to the flapping of the flame,
+    Or kettle whispering its faint undersong.
+
+
+                        II
+
+    "Yet life," you say, "is life; we have seen and see,        15
+    And with a living pleasure we describe;
+    And fits of sprightly malice do but bribe
+    The languid mind into activity.
+    Sound sense, and love itself, and mirth and glee
+    Are fostered by the comment and the gibe."                  20
+    Even be it so: yet still among your tribe,
+    Our daily world's true Worldlings, rank not me!
+    Children are blest, and powerful; their world lies
+    More justly balanced; partly at their feet,
+    And part far from them:--sweetest melodies                  25
+    Are those that are by distance made more sweet;[B]
+    Whose mind is but the mind of his own eyes,
+    He is a Slave; the meanest we can meet![C]
+
+
+                       III
+
+    Wings have we,--and as far as we can go
+    We may find pleasure: wilderness and wood,                  30
+    Blank ocean and mere sky, support that mood
+    Which with the lofty sanctifies the low.
+    Dreams, books, are each a world; and books, we know,
+    Are a substantial world, both pure and good:
+    Round these, with tendrils strong as flesh and blood,
+    Our pastime and our happiness will grow.                    36
+    There find I personal themes, a plenteous store,
+    Matter wherein right voluble I am,
+    To which I listen with a ready ear;
+    Two shall be named, pre-eminently dear,--[3]                40
+    The gentle Lady married to the Moor;[D]
+    And heavenly Una with her milk-white Lamb.
+
+
+                        IV
+
+    Nor can I not believe but that hereby
+    Great gains are mine; for thus I live remote
+    From evil-speaking; rancour, never sought,                  45
+    Comes to me not; malignant truth, or lie.
+    Hence have I genial seasons, hence have I
+    Smooth passions, smooth discourse, and joyous thought:
+    And thus from day to day my little boat
+    Rocks in its harbour, lodging peaceably.                    50
+    Blessings be with them--and eternal praise,
+    Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares--
+    The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs
+    Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!
+    Oh! might my name be numbered among theirs,                 55
+    Then gladly would I end my mortal days.
+
+
+The text of the poem was little altered, and was fixed in 1827. It had
+no title in 1807 and 1815.
+
+The reading of 1807,
+
+      my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire,
+
+was a reminiscence of Dove Cottage, which we regret to lose in the later
+editions.
+
+In the Baptistery of Westminster Abbey, there is a statue of Wordsworth
+by Frederick Thrupp of great merit, placed there by the late Dean
+Stanley, beside busts of Keble, Maurice, and Kingsley. Underneath the
+statue of Wordsworth are the four lines from _Personal Talk_--
+
+      Blessings be with them--and eternal praise,
+      Who gave us nobler loves, and nobler cares--
+      The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs
+      Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays!
+
+Dean Stanley found it difficult to select from Wordsworth's poems the
+lines most appropriate for inscription, and adopted these at the
+suggestion of his friend, Principal Shairp.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      About ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      By my half-kitchen my half-parlour fire,           1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      There do I find a never-failing store
+      Of personal themes, and such as I love best;
+      Matter wherein right voluble I am:
+      Two will I mention, dearer than the rest;          1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is the line referred to by Wordsworth in the Fenwick note.
+Compare _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act I. scene i. ll. 75-78.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare Collins, _The Passions_, l. 60, and _An Evening Walk_, l.
+237 and note (vol. i. p. 22).--ED.
+
+[C] Compare _The Prelude_, book xii. l. 151 (vol. iii. p. 349)--
+
+                                  I knew a maid,
+      A young enthusiast, who escaped these bonds;
+      Her eye was not the mistress of her heart.           ED.
+
+[D] Wordsworth said on one occasion, as Professor Dowden has reminded
+us, that he thought _Othello_, the close of the _Phaedo_, and Walton's
+_Life of George Herbert_, the three "most pathetic" writings in the
+world.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+ADMONITION
+
+Intended more particularly for the perusal of those who may have happened
+  to be enamoured of some beautiful place of Retreat, in the Country of
+  the Lakes.
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Well may'st thou halt--and gaze with brightening eye![1]
+    The lovely Cottage in the guardian nook
+    Hath stirred thee deeply; with its own dear brook,
+    Its own small pasture, almost its own sky![A]
+    But covet not the Abode;--forbear to sigh,[2]                5
+    As many do, repining while they look;
+    Intruders--who would tear[3] from Nature's book
+    This precious leaf, with harsh impiety.[4]
+    Think what the Home must[5] be if it were thine,
+    Even thine, though few thy wants!--Roof, window, door,      10
+    The very flowers are sacred to the Poor,
+    The roses to the porch which they entwine:
+    Yea, all, that now enchants thee, from the day
+    On which it should be touched, would melt away.[6]
+
+
+The cottage at Town-end, Grasmere--where this sonnet was composed--may
+have suggested it. Some of the details, however, are scarcely applicable
+to Dove Cottage; the "brook" (referred to elsewhere) is outside the
+orchard ground, and there is scarcely anything in the garden to warrant
+the phrase, "its own small pasture." It is unnecessary to localise the
+allusions.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Yes, there is holy pleasure in thine eye!          1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... oh! do not sigh,                               1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Sighing a wish to tear ...                         1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      This blissful leaf, with worst impiety.            1807.
+
+      ... with harsh impiety.                            1815.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      ... would ...                                      1807.
+
+[6] 1838.
+
+      ... would melt, and melt away!                     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the lines in _Peter Bell_, vol. ii. p. 13--
+
+      Where deep and low the hamlets lie
+      Beneath their little patch of sky
+      And little lot of stars.                             ED.
+
+
+
+
+"'BELOVED VALE!' I SAID, 'WHEN I SHALL CON'"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    "Beloved Vale!" I said, "when I shall con
+    Those many records of my childish years,
+    Remembrance of myself and of my peers
+    Will press me down: to think of what is gone
+    Will be an awful thought, if life have one."                 5
+    But, when into the Vale I came, no fears
+    Distressed me; from mine eyes escaped no tears;[1]
+    Deep thought, or dread remembrance, had I none.[2]
+    By doubts and thousand petty fancies crost[3]
+    I stood, of simple shame the blushing Thrall;[A]            10
+    So narrow seemed the brooks, the fields so small![4]
+    A Juggler's balls old Time about him tossed;
+    I looked, I stared, I smiled, I laughed; and all
+    The weight of sadness was in wonder lost.
+
+
+Doubtless the "Vale" referred to is that of Hawkshead; the "brooks" may
+refer to the one that feeds Esthwaite lake, or to Sawrey beck, or (more
+likely) to the streamlet, "the famous brook within our garden boxed,"
+described in _The Prelude_, books i. and ii. (vol. iii.) See also _The
+Fountain_, vol. ii. p. 92.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Distress'd me; I look'd round, I shed no tears;    1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... or awful vision, I had none.                   1807.
+
+      ... had I none.                                    1827.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      By thousand petty fancies I was cross'd,           1807.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      To see the Trees, which I had thought so tall,
+      Mere dwarfs; the Brooks so narrow, Fields so small.
+                                                         1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Hart-Leap Well_, l. 117 (vol. ii. p. 134).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HOW SWEET IT IS, WHEN MOTHER FANCY ROCKS"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    How sweet it is, when mother Fancy rocks
+    The wayward brain, to saunter through a wood!
+    An old place, full of many a lovely brood,
+    Tall trees, green arbours, and ground-flowers in flocks;
+    And wild rose tip-toe upon hawthorn stocks,                  5
+    Like a bold Girl, who plays her agile pranks[1]
+    At Wakes and Fairs with wandering Mountebanks,--
+    When she stands cresting the Clown's head, and mocks
+    The crowd beneath her. Verily I think,
+    Such place to me is sometimes like a dream                  10
+    Or map of the whole world: thoughts, link by link,
+    Enter through ears and eyesight, with such gleam
+    Of all things, that at last in fear I shrink,
+    And leap at once from the delicious stream.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Like to a bonny Lass, who plays her pranks         1807.
+
+
+
+
+"THOSE WORDS WERE UTTERED AS IN PENSIVE MOOD"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+      ----"they are of the sky,
+      And from our earthly memory fade away."[A]
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Those[1] words were uttered as in pensive mood[2]
+    We turned, departing from[3] that solemn sight:
+    A contrast and reproach to[4] gross delight,
+    And life's unspiritual pleasures daily wooed!
+    But now upon this thought I cannot brood;                    5
+    It is unstable as a dream of night;[5]
+    Nor will I praise a cloud, however bright,
+    Disparaging Man's gifts, and proper food.
+    Grove, isle, with every shape of sky-built dome,[6]
+    Though clad in colours beautiful and pure,                  10
+    Find in the heart of man no natural home:
+    The immortal Mind craves objects that endure:
+    These cleave to it; from these it cannot roam,
+    Nor they from it: their fellowship is secure.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1838.
+
+      These ...                                          1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... utter'd in a pensive mood.                     1807.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Even while mine eyes were on ...                   1807.
+
+      Mine eyes yet lingering on ...                     1815.
+
+[4] 1807.
+
+      A silent counter part of ...                         MS.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      It is unstable, and deserts me quite;              1807.
+
+[6] 1827.
+
+      The Grove, the sky-built Temple, and the Dome,     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See the sonnet _Composed after a Journey across the Hambleton Hills,
+Yorkshire_, vol. ii. p. 349.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WITH HOW SAD STEPS, O MOON, THOU CLIMB'ST THE SKY"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+In the edition of 1815, this was placed among the "Poems of the Fancy."
+In 1820 it became one of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the sky,
+    "How silently, and with how wan a face!"[A]
+    Where art thou? Thou so often seen on high[1]
+    Running among the clouds a Wood-nymph's race!
+    Unhappy Nuns, whose common breath's a sigh                   5
+    Which they would stifle, move at such a pace!
+    The northern Wind, to call thee to the chase,
+    Must blow to-night his bugle horn. Had I
+    The power of Merlin, Goddess! this should be:
+    And all the stars, fast as the clouds were riven,[2]        10
+    Should sally forth, to keep thee company,[3]
+    Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue heaven;[4]
+    But, Cynthia! should to thee the palm be given,
+    Queen both for beauty and for majesty.
+
+
+The sonnet of Sir Philip Sidney's, from which the two first lines are
+taken, is No. XXXI. in _Astrophel and Stella_. In the edition of 1807
+these lines were printed, not as a sonnet, but as No. III. in the series
+of "Poems composed during a Tour, chiefly on foot;" and in 1807 and 1815
+the first two lines were placed within quotation marks.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... Thou whom I have seen on high                  1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      And all the Stars, now shrouded up in heaven,      1807.
+
+      And the keen Stars, fast as the clouds were riven,
+                                                         1820.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+      Should sally forth, an emulous Company,            1820.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[4] 1840.
+
+      What strife would then be yours, fair Creatures, driv'n
+      Now up, now down, and sparkling in your glee!      1807.
+
+      Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                         1820.
+
+      All hurrying with thee through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                         1832.
+
+      In that keen sport along the plain, of heaven;     1837.
+
+                             ... in emulous company
+      Sparkling, and hurrying through the clear blue heaven;
+                                                   1838 and C.
+
+      Hurrying and sparkling through the clear blue Heaven. C.
+
+      With emulous brightness through the clear blue Heaven.
+                                                            C.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] From a sonnet of Sir Philip Sydney.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+"THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US; LATE AND SOON"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    The world is too much with us; late and soon,
+    Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:
+    Little we see in Nature that is ours;
+    We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
+    This[1] Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;                5
+    The winds that will be howling at all hours,
+    And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers;
+    For this, for every thing, we are out of tune;
+    It moves us not.--Great God! I'd rather be
+    A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;                         10
+    So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,[A]
+    Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
+    Have sight of Proteus rising[2] from the sea;[B]
+    Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.[C]
+
+
+The "pleasant lea" referred to in this sonnet is unknown. It may have
+been on the Cumbrian coast, or in the Isle of Man.
+
+I am indebted to the Rev. Canon Ainger for suggesting an (unconscious)
+reminiscence of Spenser in the last line of the sonnet. Compare Dr.
+Arnold's commentary (_Miscellaneous Works of Thomas Arnold_, p. 311),
+and that of Sir Henry Taylor in his _Notes from Books_.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      The ...                                              MS.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... coming ...                                     1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Spenser's _Colin Clout's come Home againe_, l. 283--
+
+      "A goodly pleasant lea."                             ED.
+
+[B] Compare _Paradise Lost_, book iii. l. 603.
+
+[C] See _Colin Clout's come Home againe_, ll. 244-5--
+
+      Of them the shepheard which hath charge in chief,
+      Is Triton, blowing loud his wreathed horne.          ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WITH SHIPS THE SEA WAS SPRINKLED FAR AND NIGH"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    With Ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh,[A]
+    Like stars in heaven, and joyously it showed;
+    Some lying fast at anchor in the road,
+    Some veering up and down, one knew not why.
+    A goodly Vessel did I then espy                              5
+    Come like a giant from a haven broad;
+    And lustily along the bay she strode,
+    Her tackling rich, and of apparel high.[B]
+    This Ship was nought to me, nor I to her,
+    Yet I pursued her with a Lover's look;                      10
+    This Ship to all the rest did I prefer:
+    When will she turn, and whither? She will brook
+    No tarrying; where She comes the winds must stir:
+    On went She, and due north her journey took.[C]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Excursion_, book iv. l. 1197--
+
+                ... sea with ships
+      Sprinkled ...                                        ED.
+
+[B] In the editions of 1815 to 1832 (but not in 1807) this line was
+printed within inverted commas. The quotation marks were dropped,
+however, in subsequent editions (as in the quotation from Spenser, in
+the poem _Beggars_). In a note at the end of the volumes of 1807,
+Wordsworth says, "From a passage in Skelton, which I cannot here insert,
+not having the Book at hand."
+
+The passage is as follows--
+
+      Her takelynge ryche, and of hye apparayle.
+
+                  Skelton's _Bowge of Courte_, stanza vi.--ED.
+
+[C] See Professor H. Reed's note to the American edition of _Memoirs of
+Wordsworth_, vol. i. p. 335; and Wordsworth's comment on Mrs. Fermor's
+criticism of this sonnet in his letter to Lady Beaumont, May 21,
+1807.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"WHERE LIES THE LAND TO WHICH YON SHIP MUST GO?"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Where lies the Land to which yon Ship must go?
+    Fresh as a lark mounting at break of day,
+    Festively she puts forth in trim array;[1]
+    Is she for tropic suns, or polar snow?
+    What boots the inquiry?--Neither friend nor foe              5
+    She cares for; let her travel where she may,
+    She finds familiar names, a beaten way
+    Ever before her, and a wind to blow.
+    Yet still I ask, what haven is her mark?
+    And, almost as it was when ships were rare,                 10
+    (From time to time, like Pilgrims, here and there
+    Crossing the waters) doubt, and something dark,
+    Of the old Sea some reverential fear,
+    Is with me at thy farewell, joyous Bark!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Festively she puts forth in trim array;
+      As vigorous as a Lark at break of day:             1807.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Placed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    O gentle sleep! do they belong to thee,
+    These twinklings of oblivion? Thou dost love
+    To sit in meekness, like the brooding Dove,
+    A captive never wishing to be free.
+    This tiresome night, O Sleep! thou art to me                 5
+    A Fly, that up and down himself doth shove
+    Upon a fretful rivulet, now above
+    Now on the water vexed with mockery.
+    I have no pain that calls for patience, no;[A]
+    Hence am I[1] cross and peevish as a child:                 10
+    Am[2] pleased by fits to have thee for my foe,
+    Yet ever willing to be reconciled:
+    O gentle Creature! do not use me so,
+    But once and deeply let me be beguiled.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      ... I am ...                                       1815.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[2] 1807.
+
+      And ...                                            1815.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare--"Et c'est encore ce qui me fache, de n'etre pas meme en
+droit de ... facher."--Rousseau, _La Nouvelle Heloise_.
+
+      "Vixque tenet lacrymas; quia nil lacrymabile cernit."
+
+                  Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, lib. ii. l. 796.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Fond words have oft been spoken to thee, Sleep!
+    And thou hast had thy store of tenderest names;
+    The very sweetest, Fancy culls or frames,[1]
+    When thankfulness of heart is strong and deep!
+    Dear Bosom-child we call thee, that dost steep               5
+    In rich reward all suffering; Balm that tames
+    All anguish; Saint that evil thoughts and aims
+    Takest away, and into souls dost creep,
+    Like to a breeze from heaven. Shall I alone,
+    I surely not a man ungently made,                           10
+    Call thee worst Tyrant by which Flesh is crost?
+    Perverse, self-willed to own and to disown,
+    Mere slave of them who never for thee prayed,
+    Still last to come where thou art wanted most!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      The very sweetest words that fancy frames          1807.
+
+
+
+
+TO SLEEP
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    A flock of sheep that leisurely pass by,
+    One after one; the sound of rain, and bees
+    Murmuring; the fall of rivers, winds and seas,
+    Smooth fields, white sheets of water, and pure sky;
+    I have thought of all by turns, and yet do lie[1]            5
+    Sleepless[A]! and soon the small birds' melodies
+    Must hear, first uttered from my orchard trees;
+    And the first cuckoo's melancholy cry.
+    Even thus last night, and two nights more, I lay,
+    And could not win thee, Sleep! by any stealth:              10
+    So do not let me wear to-night away:
+    Without Thee what is all the morning's wealth?
+    Come, blessed barrier between[2] day and day,
+    Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health!
+
+
+Compare Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, book xi. l. 623; _Macbeth_, act II. scene
+ii. l. 39; _King Henry IV._, Part II., act III. scene i. l. 5;
+_Midsummer Night's Dream_, act III. scene ii. l. 435.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      I've thought of all by turns; and still I lie      1807.
+
+      By turns have all been thought of; yet I lie       1827.
+
+      I thought of all by turns, and yet I lie           1837.
+
+      I have thought ...                                 1838.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      ... betwixt ...                                    1807.
+
+      ... between night and day,                           MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Faerie Queene_, book I. canto i. stanza 41--
+
+      And more to lulle him in his slumber soft,
+      A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe,
+      And ever-drizling raine upon the loft,
+      Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne
+      Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne.          ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE MEMORY OF RAISLEY CALVERT
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This young man, Raisley Calvert, to whom I was so much indebted, died
+at Penrith, 1795.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Calvert! it must not be unheard by them
+    Who may respect my name, that I to thee
+    Owed many years of early liberty.
+    This care was thine when sickness did condemn
+    Thy youth to hopeless wasting, root and stem--               5
+    That I, if frugal and severe, might stray
+    Where'er I liked; and finally array
+    My temples with the Muse's diadem.
+    Hence, if in freedom I have loved the truth;
+    If there be aught of pure, or good, or great,               10
+    In my past verse; or shall be, in the lays
+    Of higher mood, which now I meditate;--
+    It gladdens me, O worthy, short-lived, Youth!
+    To think how much of this will be thy praise.
+
+
+Raisley Calvert was the son of R. Calvert, steward to the Duke of
+Norfolk. Writing to Sir George Beaumont, on the 20th February 1805,
+Wordsworth said, "I should have been forced into one of the professions"
+(the church or law) "by necessity, had not a friend left me L900. This
+bequest was from a young man with whom, though I call him friend, I had
+but little connection; and the act was done entirely from a confidence
+on his part that I had powers and attainments which might be of use to
+mankind.... Upon the interest of the L900, and L100 legacy to my sister,
+and L100 more which the 'Lyrical Ballads' have brought me, my sister and
+I contrived to live seven years, nearly eight." To his friend Matthews
+he wrote, November 7th, 1794, "My friend" (Calvert) "has every symptom
+of a confirmed consumption, and I cannot think of quitting him in his
+present debilitated state." And in January 1795 he wrote to Matthews
+from Penrith (where Calvert was staying), "I have been here for some
+time. I am still much engaged with my sick friend; and am sorry to add
+that he worsens daily ... he is barely alive." In a letter to Dr. Joshua
+Stanger of Keswick, written in the year 1842, Wordsworth referred thus
+to Raisley Calvert. Dr. Calvert--a nephew of Raisley, and son of the W.
+Calvert whom the poet accompanied to the Isle of Wight and Salisbury in
+1793--had just died. "His removal (Dr. Calvert's) has naturally thrown
+my mind back as far as Dr. Calvert's grandfather, his father, and sister
+(the former of whom was, as you know, among my intimate friends), and
+his uncle Raisley, whom I have so much cause to remember with gratitude
+for his testamentary remembrance of me, when the greatest part of my
+patrimony was kept back from us by injustice. It may be satisfactory to
+your wife for me to declare that my friend's bequest enabled me to
+devote myself to literary pursuits, independent of any necessity to look
+at pecuniary emolument, so that my talents, such as they might be, were
+free to take their natural course. Your brothers Raisley and William
+were both so well known to me, and I have so many reasons to respect
+them, that I cannot forbear saying, that my sympathy with this last
+bereavement is deepened by the remembrance that they both have been
+taken from you...." On October 1, 1794, Wordsworth wrote from Keswick to
+Ensign William Calvert about his brother Raisley. (The year is not given
+in the letter, but it must have been 1794.) He tells him that Raisley
+was determined to set out for Lisbon; but that he (Wordsworth) could not
+brook the idea of his going alone; and that he wished to accompany his
+friend and stay with him, till his health was re-established. He adds,
+"Reflecting that his return is uncertain, your brother requests me to
+inform you that he has drawn out his will, which he means to get
+executed in London. The purport of his will is to leave you all his
+property, real and personal, chargeable with a legacy of L600 to me, in
+case that, on inquiry into the state of our affairs in London, he should
+think it advisable to do so. It is at my request that this information
+is communicated to you." Calvert did not live to go south; and he
+changed the sum left to Wordsworth from L600 to L900. The relationship
+of the two men suggests the somewhat parallel one between Spinoza and
+Simon de Vries.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"METHOUGHT I SAW THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE"
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The latter part of this sonnet was a great favourite with my sister S.
+H. When I saw her lying in death, I could not resist the impulse to
+compose the Sonnet that follows it.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Methought I saw the footsteps of a throne
+    Which mists and vapours from mine eyes did shroud--
+    Nor view of who might sit[1] thereon allowed;
+    But all the steps and ground about were strown
+    With sights the ruefullest that flesh and bone               5
+    Ever put on; a miserable crowd,
+    Sick, hale, old, young, who cried before that cloud,
+    "Thou art our king, O Death! to thee we groan."
+    Those steps I clomb; the mists before me gave[2]
+    Smooth way; and I beheld the face of one                    10
+    Sleeping alone within a mossy cave,
+    With her face up to heaven; that seemed to have
+    Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone;
+    A lovely Beauty in a summer grave!
+
+
+"The Sonnet that follows," referred to in the Fenwick note, is one
+belonging to the year 1836, beginning--
+
+      Even so for me a Vision sanctified.
+
+See the note to that sonnet.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... of him who sate ...                            1807.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      I seem'd to mount those steps; the vapours gave    1807.
+
+      Those steps I mounted, as the vapours gave         1837.
+
+      ... while the vapours gave                         1838.
+
+      Those steps I clomb; the opening vapours gave
+                                                  C. and 1840.
+
+
+
+
+LINES
+
+Composed at Grasmere, during a walk one Evening, after a stormy day,
+  the Author having just read in a Newspaper that the dissolution of
+  Mr. Fox was hourly expected.
+
+Composed September 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+This poem was ranked among the "Epitaphs and Elegiac Pieces."--ED.
+
+
+    Loud is the Vale! the Voice is up
+    With which she speaks when storms are gone,
+    A mighty unison of streams!
+    Of all her Voices, One!
+
+    Loud is the Vale;--this inland Depth                         5
+    In peace is roaring like the Sea;
+    Yon star upon the mountain-top
+    Is listening quietly.
+
+    Sad was I, even to pain deprest,
+    Importunate and heavy load![A]                              10
+    The Comforter hath found me here,
+    Upon this lonely road;
+
+    And many thousands now are sad--
+    Wait the fulfilment of their fear;
+    For he must die who is their stay,                          15
+    Their glory disappear.
+
+    A Power is passing from the earth
+    To breathless Nature's dark abyss;
+    But when the great and good depart[1]
+    What is it more than this--                                 20
+
+    That Man, who is from God sent forth,
+    Doth yet again to God return?--
+    Such ebb and flow must ever be,
+    Then wherefore should we mourn?
+
+
+Charles James Fox died September 13, 1806. He was Minister for Foreign
+Affairs at the time, having assumed office on the 5th February, shortly
+after the death of William Pitt. Wordsworth's sadness on this occasion,
+his recognition of Fox as great and good, and as "a Power" that was
+"passing from the earth," may have been due partly to personal and
+political sympathy, but also probably to Fox's appreciation of the
+better side of the French Revolution, and to his welcoming the pacific
+proposals of Talleyrand, perhaps also to his efforts for the abolition
+of slavery.
+
+The "lonely road" referred to in these _Lines_, was, in all likelihood,
+the path from Town-end towards the Swan Inn past the Hollins, Grasmere.
+A "mighty unison of streams" may be heard there any autumn evening after
+a stormy day, and especially after long continued rain, the sound of
+waters from Easdale, from Greenhead Ghyll, and the slopes of Silver How,
+blending with that of the Rothay in the valley below. Compare Dorothy
+Wordsworth's _Recollections of a Tour made in Scotland_, in 1803, p. 229
+(edition 1874).--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      But when the Mighty pass away                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Importuna e grave salma. (Michael Angelo.)--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER, 1806
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1807
+
+
+Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty," re-named in 1845,
+"Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Another year!--another deadly blow!
+    Another mighty Empire overthrown!
+    And We are left, or shall be left, alone;
+    The last that dare[1] to struggle with the Foe.
+    'Tis well! from this day forward we shall know               5
+    That in ourselves our safety must be sought;
+    That by our own right hands it must be wrought;
+    That we must stand unpropped, or be laid low.
+    O dastard whom such foretaste[2] doth not cheer!
+    We shall exult, if they who rule the land                   10
+    Be men who hold its many blessings dear,
+    Wise, upright, valiant; not a servile[3] band,
+    Who are to judge of danger which they fear,
+    And honour which they do not understand.[A]
+
+
+Napoleon won the battle of Jena on the 14th October 1806, entered
+Potsdam on the 25th, and Berlin on the 28th; Prince Hohenlohe laid down
+his arms on the 6th November; Bluecher surrendered at Luebeck on the 7th;
+Magdeburg was taken on the 8th; on the 14th the French occupied Hanover;
+and on the 21st Napoleon issued his Berlin decree for the blockade of
+England--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      ... dares ...                                      1807.
+
+[2] 1807.
+
+      ... knowledge ...                                    MS.
+
+[3] 1820.
+
+      ... venal ...                                      1807.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A]   Who are to judge of danger which they fear
+      And honour which they do not understand.
+
+These two lines from Lord Brooke's _Life of Sir Philip Sydney_--W. W.
+1807.
+
+"Danger which they fear, and honour which they understand not." Words in
+Lord Brooke's _Life of Sir P. Sidney_.--W. W. 1837.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS TO A CHILD
+
+DURING A BOISTEROUS WINTER EVENING
+
+BY MY SISTER
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    What way does the Wind come? What way does he go?
+    He rides over the water, and over the snow,
+    Through wood, and through vale; and, o'er rocky height
+    Which the goat cannot climb, takes his sounding flight;
+    He tosses about in every bare tree,                          5
+    As, if you look up, you plainly may see;
+    But how he will come, and whither he goes,
+    There's never a scholar in England knows.
+    He will suddenly stop in a cunning nook,
+    And ring[1] a sharp 'larum;--but, if you should look,       10
+    There's nothing to see but a cushion of snow
+    Round as a pillow, and whiter than milk,
+    And softer than if it were covered with silk.
+    Sometimes he'll hide in the cave of a rock,
+    Then whistle as shrill as the buzzard cock;                 15
+    --Yet seek him,--and what shall you find in the place?
+    Nothing but silence and empty space;
+    Save, in a corner, a heap of dry leaves,
+    That he's left, for a bed, to[2] beggars or thieves!
+    As soon as 'tis daylight to-morrow, with me                 20
+    You shall go to the orchard, and then you will see
+    That he has been there, and made a great rout,
+    And cracked the branches, and strewn them about;
+    Heaven grant that he spare but that one upright twig
+    That looked up at the sky so proud and big                  25
+    All last summer, as well you know,
+    Studded with apples, a beautiful show!
+    Hark! over the roof he makes a pause,
+    And growls as if he would fix his claws
+    Right in the slates, and with a huge rattle                 30
+    Drive them down, like men in a battle:
+    --But let him range round; he does us no harm,
+    We build up the fire, we're snug and warm;
+    Untouched by his breath see the candle shines bright,
+    And burns with a clear and steady light;                    35
+    Books have we to read,--but that half-stifled knell,
+    Alas! tis the sound[3] of the eight o'clock bell.
+    --Come now we'll to bed! and when we are there
+    He may work his own will, and what shall we care?
+    He may knock at the door,--we'll not let him in;            40
+    May drive at the windows,--we'll laugh at his din;
+    Let him seek his own home wherever it be;
+    Here's a _cozie_ warm house for Edward and me.
+
+
+Wordsworth dated this poem 1806, and said to Miss Fenwick that it was
+written at Grasmere. If it was written "during a boisterous winter
+evening" in 1806, it could not have been written at Grasmere; because
+the Wordsworths spent most of that winter at Coleorton. I am inclined to
+believe that the date which the poet gave is wrong, and that the
+_Address_ really belongs to the year 1805; but, as it is just possible
+that--although referring to winter--it may have been written at Town-end
+in the summer of 1806, it is placed among the poems belonging to the
+latter year.
+
+This _Address_ was translated into French by Mme. Amable Tastu, and
+published in a popular school-book series of extracts, but Wordsworth's
+name is not given along with the translation.
+
+From 1815 to 1843 the authorship was veiled under the title, "by a
+female Friend of the Author." In 1845, it was disclosed, "by my Sister."
+
+In 1815 Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, "We were glad to see the poems
+'by a female friend.' The one of the Wind is masterly, but not new to
+us. Being only three, perhaps you might have clapt a D. at the corner,
+and let it have past as a printer's mark to the uninitiated, as a
+delightful hint to the better instructed. As it is, expect a formal
+criticism on the poems of your female friend, and she must expect it."
+(_The Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. i. p.
+285.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      ... rings ...                                      1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... for ...                                        1815.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+                       ... --hush! that half-stifled knell,
+      Methinks 'tis the sound ...                        1815.
+
+
+
+
+"BROOK! WHOSE SOCIETY THE POET SEEKS"
+
+Composed 1806?--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Brook! whose society the Poet seeks,
+    Intent his wasted spirits to renew;
+    And whom the curious Painter doth pursue
+    Through rocky passes, among flowery creeks,
+    And tracks thee dancing down thy water-breaks;               5
+    If wish were mine some type of thee to view,[1]
+    Thee, and not thee thyself, I would not do
+    Like Grecian Artists, give thee human cheeks,
+    Channels for tears; no Naiad should'st thou be,--
+    Have neither limbs, feet, feathers, joints nor hairs:       10
+    It seems the Eternal Soul is clothed in thee
+    With purer robes than those of flesh and blood,
+    And hath bestowed on thee a safer good;[2]
+    Unwearied joy, and life without its cares.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      If I some type of thee did wish to view,           1815.
+
+[2] 1845.
+
+      ... a better good;                                 1815.
+
+
+
+
+"THERE IS A LITTLE UNPRETENDING RILL"
+
+Composed 1806?--Published 1820
+
+
+[This Rill trickles down the hill-side into Windermere, near Low-wood.
+My sister and I, on our first visit together to this part of the
+country, walked from Kendal, and we rested to refresh ourselves by the
+side of the lake where the streamlet falls into it. This sonnet was
+written some years after in recollection of that happy ramble, that most
+happy day and hour.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    There is a little unpretending Rill
+    Of limpid water, humbler far than aught[1]
+    That ever among Men or Naiads sought
+    Notice or name!--It quivers down the hill,
+    Furrowing its shallow way with dubious will;                 5
+    Yet to my mind this scanty Stream is brought[2]
+    Oftener than Ganges or the Nile; a thought
+    Of private recollection sweet and still![3]
+    Months perish with their moons; year treads on year;
+    But, faithful Emma! thou with me canst say                  10
+    That, while ten thousand pleasures disappear,
+    And flies their memory fast almost as they,[4]
+    The immortal Spirit of one happy day
+    Lingers beside that Rill,[5] in vision clear.[6]
+
+
+One of the MS. readings of the ninth line of this sonnet gives the date
+of the incident as "now seven years gone"; but I leave the date of
+composition undetermined. If we could know accurately the date of the
+"first visit" to the district with his sister (referred to in the
+Fenwick note), and if we could implicitly trust this MS. reading, it
+might be possible to fix it; but we can do neither. Wordsworth visited
+the Lake District with his sister as early as 1794, and in December 1799
+he took up his abode with her at Dove Cottage. I have no doubt that the
+sonnet belongs to the year 1806, or was composed at an earlier date. As
+to the locality of the rill, the late Rev. R. Perceval Graves, of
+Dublin, wrote to me:--
+
+  "It was in 1843, when quitting the parsonage at Bowness, I went to
+  reside at Dovenest, that, calling one day at Rydal Mount, I was
+  told by both Mr. and Mrs. Wordsworth, as a fact in which I should
+  take a special interest, that the 'little unpretending rill'
+  associated by the poet with 'the immortal spirit of one happy
+  day,' was the rill which, rising near High Skelgill at the back of
+  Wansfell, descends steeply down the hill-side, passes behind the
+  house at Dovenest, and crossing beneath the road, enters the lake
+  near the gate of the drive which leads up to Dovenest.
+
+  "The authority on which I give this information is decisive of the
+  question. I have often traced upwards the course of the rill; and
+  the secluded hollow, which by its source is beautified with fresh
+  herbage and wild straggling bushes, was a favourite haunt of
+  mine."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      There is a tiny water, neither rill,
+      Motionless well, nor running brook, nor aught        MS.
+
+      There is a noiseless water, neither rill,
+      Nor spring enclosed in sculptured stone, nor aught   MS.
+
+      There is a trickling water, neither rill,
+      Fountain inclosed, or rivulet, nor aught       MS. 1806.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+                        ... It trickles down the hill,
+      So feebly, just for love of power and will,
+      Yet to my mind the nameless thing is brought         MS.
+
+                        ... It totters down the hill,
+      So feebly, quite forlorn of power and will;
+      Yet nameless Thing it to my mind is brought          MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      Oftener than mightiest Floods, whose path is wrought
+      Through wastes of sand, and forests dark and chill.
+                                                         1820.
+
+[4] 1827.
+
+      Do thou, even thou, O faithful Anna! say
+      Why this small Streamlet is to me so dear;
+      Thou know'st, that while enjoyments disappear
+      And sweet remembrances like flowers decay,         1820.
+
+[5] 1827.
+
+      Lingers upon its marge, ...                        1820.
+
+[6] 1820.
+
+      For on that day, now seven years gone, when first
+      Two glad foot-travellers, through sun and shower
+      My Love and I came hither, while thanks burst
+      Out of our hearts ...
+      We from that blessed water slaked our thirst.        MS.
+
+      ... seven years back, ...
+
+                    ... hearts to God for that good hour,
+      Eating a traveller's meal in shady bower,
+      We ...                                               MS.
+
+
+
+
+1807
+
+
+In few instances is it more evident that the dates which Wordsworth
+affixed to his poems, in the editions of 1815, 1820, 1836, and
+1845,--and those assigned in the Fenwick notes--cannot be absolutely
+relied upon, than in the case of the poems referring to Coleorton.
+Trusting to these dates, in the absence of contrary evidence, one would
+naturally assign the majority of the Coleorton poems to the year 1808.
+But it is clear that, while the sonnet _To Lady Beaumont_ may have been
+written in 1806, the "Inscription" _For a Seat in the Groves of
+Coleorton_, beginning--
+
+      Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+
+was written, not in 1808 (as stated by Wordsworth himself), but in 1811;
+and that the other "Inscription" designed for a Niche in the
+Winter-garden at Coleorton, belongs (I think) to the same year; a year
+in which he also wrote the sonnet on Sir George Beaumont's picture of
+Bredon Hill and Cloud Hill, beginning--
+
+      Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay.
+
+When the dates are so difficult to determine, there is a natural fitness
+in bringing all the poems referring to Coleorton together, so far as
+this can be done without seriously interfering with chronological order.
+The two "Inscriptions" intended for the Coleorton grounds, which were
+written at Grasmere in 1811, are therefore printed along with the poems
+of 1807; the precise date of each being given--so far as it can be
+ascertained--underneath its title.
+
+Several political sonnets, and others, were written in 1807; also the
+_Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle_, and the first and larger part of
+_The White Doe of Rylstone_, with a few minor fragments. But, for
+reasons stated in the notes to _The White Doe of Rylstone_ (see p.
+191), I have assigned that poem to the year 1808. The _Song at the Feast
+of Brougham Castle_ forms as natural a preface to _The White Doe_, as
+_The Force of Prayer, a Tradition of Bolton Abbey_, is its natural
+appendix. The latter was written, however, before _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_ was finished.
+
+It would be easier to fix the date of some of the poems written between
+the years 1806 and 1808, if we knew the exact month in which the two
+volumes of 1807 were published; but this, I fear, it is impossible to
+discover now.
+
+On November 10th, 1806, Wordsworth wrote to Sir George Beaumont from
+Coleorton, "In a day or two I mean to send a sheet or two of my intended
+volume to the press" (evidently referring to the "Poems" of 1807). On
+the following day--11th November 1806--Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady
+Beaumont, "William has written two other poems, which you will see when
+they are printed. He composes frequently in the grove.... We have not
+yet received a sheet from the printer." On the 15th November 1806 she
+again wrote to Lady Beaumont (from Coleorton), "My brother works very
+hard at his poems, preparing them for the press. Miss Hutchinson is the
+transcriber." In a subsequent letter from Coleorton, undated, but
+bearing the post-mark February 18, 1807, she is speaking of her
+brother's poetical labour, and says, "He must go on, when he begins: and
+any interruptions (such as attending to the progress of the workmen and
+planning the garden) are of the greatest use to him; for, after a
+certain time, the progress is by no means proportioned to the labour in
+composition; and if he is called from it by other thoughts, he returns
+to it with ten times the pleasure, and the work goes on proportionately
+the more rapidly." From this we may infer that the years 1806-7 were
+productive ones, but it is disappointing that the dates of the
+composition of the poems are so difficult to determine.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO LADY BEAUMONT
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[The winter garden of Coleorton, fashioned out of an old quarry, under
+the superintendence and direction of Mrs. Wordsworth and my sister
+Dorothy, during the winter and spring we resided there.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Lady! the songs of Spring were in the grove
+    While I was shaping beds for[1] winter flowers;
+    While I was planting green unfading bowers,
+    And shrubs--to hang upon the warm alcove,
+    And sheltering wall; and still, as Fancy wove                5
+    The dream, to time and nature's blended powers
+    I gave this paradise for winter hours,
+    A labyrinth, Lady! which your feet shall rove.
+    Yes! when the sun of life more feebly shines,
+    Becoming thoughts, I trust, of solemn gloom                 10
+    Or of high gladness you shall hither bring;
+    And these perennial bowers and murmuring pines
+    Be gracious as the music and the bloom
+    And all the mighty ravishment of spring.
+
+
+The title, _To Lady Beaumont_, was first given in 1845. In 1807 it was
+_To the ----_; in 1815, _To the Lady ----_; and from 1820 to 1843, _To
+the Lady Beaumont_.
+
+This winter garden, fashioned by the Wordsworths out of the old quarry
+at Coleorton, during Sir George and Lady Beaumont's absence in 1807,
+exists very much as it was at the beginning of the century. The
+"perennial bowers and murmuring pines" may still be seen, little altered
+since 1807. The late Sir George Beaumont (whose grandfather was
+first-cousin to the artist Sir George, Wordsworth's friend), with strong
+reverence for the past, and for the traditions of literary men which
+have made the district famous since the days of his ancestor Beaumont
+the dramatist, and especially for the memorials of Wordsworth's ten
+months' residence at Coleorton,--took a pleasure in preserving these
+memorials, very much as they were when he entered in possession of the
+estates of his ancestors. Such a reverence for the past is not only
+consistent with the "improvement" of an estate, and its belongings; it
+is a part of it. Wordsworth, and his wife and sister, were adepts in the
+laying out of grounds. (See the reference to the poet's joint labour
+with Wilkinson at Yanwath, p. 2.) It was the Wordsworths also, I
+believe, who designed the grounds of Fox How--Dr. Arnold's residence,
+near Ambleside. Similar memorials of the poet survive at Hallsteads,
+Ullswater. The following is an extract from the letter of Dorothy
+Wordsworth to Lady Beaumont above referred to, and having the post-mark
+of February 18, 1807. "For more than a week we have had the most
+delightful weather. If William had but waited a few days, it would have
+been no anticipation when he said to you, 'the songs of Spring were in
+the grove;' for all this week the birds have chanted from morn till
+evening, larks, blackbirds, thrushes, and far more than I can name, and
+the busy rooks have joined their happy voices."
+
+Wordsworth, writing to Sir George Beaumont, November 16, 1811, says, "I
+remember, Mr. Bowles, the poet, objected to the word 'ravishment' at the
+end of the sonnet to the winter-garden; yet it has the authority of all
+the first-rate poets, for instance, Milton:
+
+      'In whose sight all things joy, _with ravishment_,
+      Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze'...."
+                                                           ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... framing beds of ...                            1807.
+
+      ... for ...                                        1815.
+
+
+
+
+A PROPHECY. FEBRUARY, 1807
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty," re-named in 1845,
+"Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    High deeds, O Germans, are to come from you!
+    Thus in your books the record shall be found,
+    "A watchword was pronounced, a potent sound--
+    ARMINIUS![A]--all the people quaked like dew
+    Stirred by the breeze; they rose, a Nation, true,            5
+    True to herself[1]--the mighty Germany,
+    She of the Danube and the Northern Sea,
+    She rose, and off at once the yoke she threw.
+    All power was given her in the dreadful trance;
+    Those new-born Kings she withered like a flame."[B]         10
+    --Woe to them all! but heaviest woe and shame
+    To that Bavarian who could[2] first advance
+    His banner in accursed league with France,[C]
+    First open traitor to the German name![3]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... itself ...                                     1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... did ...                                        1807.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... to her sacred name!                            1807.
+
+      ... to a ...                                       1820.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Arminius, or Hermann, the liberator of Germany from the Roman power,
+A.D. 9-17. Tacitus says of him, "He was without doubt the deliverer of
+Germany; and, unlike other kings and generals, he attacked the Roman
+people, not at the commencement, but in the fullness of their power: in
+battles he was not always successful, but he was invincible in war. He
+still lives in the songs of the barbarians."--ED.
+
+[B] The "new-born Kings" were the lesser German potentates, united in
+the Confederation of the Rhine. By a treaty signed at Paris (July 12th,
+1806), by Talleyrand, and the ministers of twelve sovereign houses of
+the Empire, these princes declared themselves perpetually severed from
+Germany, and united together as the Confederate States of the Rhine, of
+which the Emperor of the French was declared Protector.--ED.
+
+[C] On December 11, 1806, Napoleon concluded a treaty with Frederick
+Augustus, the Elector of Saxony--who had been secretly on the side of
+France for some time--to whom he gave additional territories, and the
+title of King, admitting him into "the Confederation of the Rhine." He
+had fallen, as one of the Prussian statesmen put it, into "that lowest
+of degradations, to steal at another man's bidding."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THOUGHT OF A BRITON ON THE SUBJUGATION OF SWITZERLAND
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[This was composed while pacing to and fro between the Hall of
+Coleorton, then rebuilding, and the principal Farmhouse of the Estate,
+in which we lived for nine or ten months. I will here mention that the
+_Song on the Restoration of Lord Clifford_, as well as that on the
+_Feast of Brougham Castle_, were produced on the same ground.--I. F.]
+
+This sonnet was classed among those "dedicated to Liberty," re-named in
+1845, "Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Two Voices are there; one is of the sea,
+    One of the mountains; each a mighty Voice:
+    In both from age to age thou didst rejoice,
+    They were thy chosen music, Liberty!
+    There came a Tyrant, and with holy glee                      5
+    Thou fought'st against him; but hast vainly striven:
+    Thou from thy Alpine holds at length art driven,
+    Where not a torrent murmurs heard by thee.
+    Of one deep bliss thine ear hath been bereft:
+    Then cleave, O cleave to that which still is left;          10
+    For, high-souled Maid, what sorrow would it be
+    That Mountain floods should thunder as before,
+    And Ocean bellow from his rocky shore,
+    And neither awful Voice be heard by thee!
+
+
+In 1807 the whole of the Continent of Europe was prostrate under the
+power of Napoleon. It is impossible to say to what special incident, if
+to any in particular, Wordsworth refers in the phrase, "with holy glee
+thou fought'st against him;" but, as the sonnet was composed at
+Coleorton in 1807--after the battles of Austerlitz and Jena, and
+Napoleon's practical mastery of Europe--our knowing the particular event
+or events in Swiss history to which he refers, would not add much to our
+understanding of the poem.
+
+In the Fenwick note Wordsworth incorrectly separates his _Song on the
+Restoration of Lord Clifford_ from the _Feast of Brougham Castle_. They
+are the same song.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THOMAS CLARKSON, ON THE FINAL PASSING OF THE BILL FOR THE ABOLITION
+  OF THE SLAVE TRADE, MARCH, 1807
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+One of the "Poems dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Clarkson! it was an obstinate hill to climb:
+    How toilsome--nay, how dire--it was, by thee
+    Is known; by none, perhaps, so feelingly:
+    But thou, who, starting in thy fervent prime,
+    Didst first lead forth that enterprise[1] sublime,           5
+    Hast heard the constant Voice its charge repeat,
+    Which, out of thy young heart's oracular seat,
+    First roused thee.--O true yoke-fellow of Time,
+    Duty's intrepid liegeman, see,[2] the palm
+    Is won, and by all Nations shall be worn!                   10
+    The blood-stained Writing is for ever torn;
+    And thou henceforth wilt have[3] a good man's calm,
+    A great man's happiness; thy zeal shall find
+    Repose at length, firm friend of human kind!
+
+
+On the 25th of March 1807, the Royal assent was given to the Bill for
+the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The movement for its abolition was
+begun by Wilberforce, and carried on by Clarkson. Its abolition was
+voted by the House of Lords on the motion of Lord Grenville, and by the
+Commons on the motion of Charles James Fox, on the 10th of June 1806.
+The bill was read a second time in the Lords on the 5th of February, and
+became law on the 25th of March 1807.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... this pilgrimage ...                            1807.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      With unabating effort, see, ...                    1807.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      The bloody Writing is for ever torn,
+      And Thou henceforth shalt have ...                 1807.
+
+
+
+
+THE MOTHER'S RETURN
+
+BY MY SISTER
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    A month, sweet Little-ones, is past
+    Since your dear Mother went away,--
+    And she to-morrow will return;
+    To-morrow is the happy day.
+
+    O blessed tidings! thought of joy!                           5
+    The eldest heard with steady glee;
+    Silent he stood; then laughed amain,--
+    And shouted, "Mother, come to me!"
+
+    Louder and louder did he shout,
+    With witless hope to bring her near;                        10
+    "Nay, patience! patience, little boy!
+    Your tender mother cannot hear."
+
+    I told of hills, and far-off towns,
+    And long, long vales to travel through;--
+    He listens, puzzled, sore perplexed,                        15
+    But he submits; what can he do?
+
+    No strife disturbs his sister's breast;
+    She wars not with the mystery
+    Of time and distance, night and day;
+    The bonds of our humanity.                                  20
+
+    Her joy is like an instinct, joy
+    Of kitten, bird, or summer fly;
+    She dances, runs without an aim,
+    She chatters in her ecstasy.
+
+    Her brother now takes up the note,                          25
+    And echoes back his sister's glee;
+    They hug the infant in my arms,
+    As if to force his sympathy.
+
+    Then, settling into fond discourse,
+    We rested in the garden bower;                              30
+    While sweetly shone the evening sun
+    In his departing hour.
+
+    We told o'er all that we had done,--
+    Our rambles by the swift brook's side
+    Far as the willow-skirted pool,                             35
+    Where two fair swans together glide.
+
+    We talked of change, of winter gone,
+    Of green leaves on the hawthorn spray,
+    Of birds that build their nests and sing,
+    And all "since Mother went away!"                           40
+
+    To her these tales they will repeat,
+    To her our new-born tribes will show,
+    The goslings green, the ass's colt,
+    The lambs that in the meadow go.
+
+    --But, see, the evening star comes forth!                   45
+    To bed the children must depart;
+    A moment's heaviness they feel,
+    A sadness at the heart:
+
+    'Tis gone--and in a merry fit
+    They run up stairs in gamesome race;                        50
+    I, too, infected by their mood,
+    I could have joined the wanton chase.
+
+    Five minutes past--and, O the change!
+    Asleep upon their beds they lie;
+    Their busy limbs in perfect rest,                           55
+    And closed the sparkling eye.
+
+
+The Fenwick note is inaccurate. These lines were written by Dorothy
+Wordsworth at Coleorton, on the eve of her brother and sister's return
+from London, in the spring of 1807, whither they had gone for a
+month--Dorothy remaining at Coleorton, in charge of the children.
+Previous to 1845, the poem was attributed to "a female Friend of the
+Author."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+GIPSIES
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[Composed at Coleorton. I had observed them, as here described, near
+Castle Donnington, on my way to and from Derby.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Yet are they here the same unbroken knot
+    Of human Beings, in the self-same spot!
+        Men, women, children, yea the frame
+        Of the whole spectacle the same!
+    Only their fire seems bolder, yielding light,                5
+    Now deep and red, the colouring of night;
+        That on their Gipsy-faces falls,
+        Their bed of straw and blanket-walls.
+    --Twelve hours, twelve bounteous hours are gone, while I
+    Have been a traveller under open sky,                       10
+        Much witnessing of change and cheer,
+        Yet as I left I find them here!
+    The weary Sun betook himself to rest;--
+    Then issued Vesper from the fulgent west,
+        Outshining like a visible God                           15
+        The glorious path in which he trod.
+    And now, ascending, after one dark hour
+    And one night's diminution of her power,
+        Behold the mighty Moon! this way
+        She looks as if at them--but they                       20
+    Regard not her:--oh better wrong and strife
+    (By nature transient) than this torpid life;
+        Life which the very stars reprove[A]
+        As on their silent tasks they move![1][B]
+    Yet, witness all that stirs in heaven or[2] earth!          25
+    In scorn I speak not;--they are what their birth
+        And breeding suffer[3] them to be;
+        Wild outcasts of society![4]
+
+
+See S. T. Coleridge's criticism of this poem in his _Biographia
+Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 156 (edition 1847).--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1836.
+
+      Regard not her:--oh better wrong and strife
+      Better vain deeds or evil than such life!
+          The silent Heavens have goings on;[C]
+          The stars have tasks--but these have none.     1807.
+
+                            ... wrong and strife,
+      (By nature transient) than such torpid life!
+          The silent Heavens have goings-on;
+          The stars have tasks--but these have none!     1820.
+
+      (By nature transient) than such torpid life;
+          Life which the very stars reprove
+          As on their silent tasks they move!            1827.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... and ...                                        1820.
+
+[3] 1836.
+
+      ... suffers ...                                    1820.
+
+[4] The last four lines were added in 1820.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the _Ode to Duty_, l. 47 (vol. iii. p. 41).--ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in the _Ode to Duty_, l. 48--
+
+      And the most ancient heavens, through Thee, are fresh and strong.--
+                                                           ED.
+
+[C] Compare, in the Fragment, vol. viii., beginning "No doubt if you in
+terms direct had asked," the phrase--
+
+                ... the goings on
+      Of earth and sky.                                    ED.
+
+
+
+
+"O NIGHTINGALE! THOU SURELY ART"
+
+Composed 1807 (probably).--Published 1807
+
+
+[Written at Town-end, Grasmere. (Mrs. W. says, in a note,--"At
+Coleorton.")--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    O Nightingale! thou surely art
+    A creature of a "fiery heart:"--[A][1]
+    These notes of thine--they pierce and pierce;
+    Tumultuous harmony and fierce!
+    Thou sing'st as if the God of wine                           5
+    Had helped thee to a Valentine;[B]
+    A song in mockery and despite
+    Of shades, and dews, and silent night;
+    And steady bliss, and all the loves
+    Now sleeping in these peaceful groves.                      10
+
+    I heard a Stock-dove sing or say
+    His homely tale, this very day;
+    His voice was buried among trees,
+    Yet to be come-at by the breeze:
+    He did not cease; but cooed--and cooed;                     15
+    And somewhat pensively he wooed:
+    He sang of love, with quiet blending,
+    Slow to begin, and never ending;
+    Of serious faith, and inward glee;
+    That was the song--the song for me!                         20
+
+
+Mrs. Wordsworth corrected her husband's note to Miss Fenwick, by adding
+in the MS., "at Coleorton"; and at Coleorton the Wordsworths certainly
+spent the winter of 1806, the Town-end Cottage at Grasmere being too
+small for their increasing household. It is more likely that Wordsworth
+wrote the poem at Coleorton than at Grasmere, and it looks as if it had
+been an evening impromptu, after hearing both the nightingale and the
+stock-dove. There are no nightingales at Grasmere,--they are not heard
+further north than the Trent valley,--while they used to abound in the
+"peaceful groves" of Coleorton. If the locality was--as Mrs. Wordsworth
+states--Coleorton, and if the lines were written after hearing the
+nightingale, the year would be 1807, and not 1806 (the poet's own date).
+The nightingale is a summer visitor in this country, and could not have
+been heard by Wordsworth at Coleorton in 1806, as he did not go south to
+Leicestershire till November in that year. But it is quite possible that
+it was "the stock-dove's voice" that alone suggested the lines, and that
+they were written either in 1806, or (as I think more likely), very
+early in 1807. In the month of January Wordsworth was corresponding with
+Scott about the poems in this edition of 1807.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1807.
+
+      A Creature of ebullient heart:--                   1815.
+
+    The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.[C]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Shakespeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III., act I. scene iv. l.
+87.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare the lines in _The Cuckoo and the Nightingale_, vol. ii. p.
+255--
+
+      I heard the lusty Nightingale so sing,
+      That her clear voice made a loud rioting,
+      Echoing through all the green wood wide.             ED.
+
+[C] Henry Crabb Robinson, in his _Diary_ (May 9, 1815), anticipates this
+return to the text of 1807.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"THOUGH NARROW BE THAT OLD MAN'S CARES, AND NEAR"
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+      ----"gives to airy nothing
+      A local habitation and a name."
+
+[Written at Coleorton. This old man's name was Mitchell. He was, in all
+his ways and conversation, a great curiosity, both individually and as a
+representative of past times. His chief employment was keeping watch at
+night by pacing round the house, at that time building, to keep off
+depredators. He has often told me gravely of having seen the Seven
+Whistlers, and the Hounds as here described. Among the groves of
+Coleorton, where I became familiar with the habits and notions of old
+Mitchell, there was also a labourer of whom, I regret, I had no personal
+knowledge; for, more than forty years after, when he was become an old
+man, I learned that while I was composing verses, which I usually did
+aloud, he took much pleasure, unknown to me, in following my steps that
+he might catch the words I uttered; and, what is not a little
+remarkable, several lines caught in this way kept their place in his
+memory. My volumes have lately been given to him by my informant, and
+surely he must have been gratified to meet in print his old
+acquaintances.--I. F.]
+
+In 1815 this sonnet was one of the "Poems belonging to the Period of Old
+Age"; in 1820 it was transferred to the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    Though narrow be that old Man's cares, and near,
+    The poor old Man is greater than he seems:
+    For he hath waking empire, wide as dreams;
+    An ample sovereignty of eye and ear.
+    Rich are his walks with supernatural cheer;                  5
+    The region of his inner spirit teems
+    With vital sounds and monitory gleams
+    Of high astonishment and pleasing fear.
+    He the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+    Seen the SEVEN WHISTLERS in their nightly rounds,           10
+    And counted them: and oftentimes will start--
+    For overhead are sweeping GABRIEL'S HOUNDS[A]
+    Doomed, with their impious Lord, the flying Hart
+    To chase for ever, on aerial grounds!
+
+
+To bring all the poems referring to Coleorton together, so far as
+possible, this and the next sonnet are transferred from their places in
+the chronological list, and placed beside the Coleorton "Inscriptions."
+
+I am indebted to Mr. William Kelly of Leicester for the following note
+on the Leicestershire superstition of the Seven Whistlers.
+
+  "There is an old superstition, which it is not easy to get to the
+  bottom of, concerning a certain cry or sound heard in the night,
+  supposed to be produced by the Seven Whistlers. What or who those
+  whistlers are is an unsolved problem. In some districts they are
+  popularly believed to be witches, in others ghosts, in others
+  devils, while in the Midland Counties they are supposed to be
+  birds, either plovers or martins--some say swifts. In
+  Leicestershire it is deemed a bad omen to hear the Seven
+  Whistlers, and our old writers supply many passages illustrative
+  of the popular credulity. Spenser, in his _Faerie Queene_, book
+  II. canto xii. stanza 36, speaks of
+
+      The whistler shrill, that whoso hears doth die.
+
+  Sir Walter Scott, in _The Lady of the Lake_, names the bird with
+  which his character associated the cry--
+
+      And in the plover's shrilly strain
+      The signal whistlers heard again.
+
+  "When the colliers of Leicestershire are flush of money, we are
+  told, and indulge in a drinking bout, they sometimes hear the
+  warning voice of the Seven Whistlers, get sobered and frightened,
+  and will not descend the pit again till next day. Wordsworth
+  speaks of a countryman who
+
+             ... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+      Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,
+      And counted them.
+
+  "A few years ago, during a thunderstorm which passed over
+  Leicestershire, and while vivid lightning was darting through the
+  sky, immense flocks of birds were seen flying about, uttering
+  doleful, affrighted cries as they passed, and keeping up for a
+  long time a continual whistling like that made by some kinds of
+  sea-birds. The number must have been immense, for the local
+  newspapers mentioned the same phenomenon in different parts of the
+  neighbouring counties of Northampton, Leicester, and Lincoln. A
+  gentleman, conversing with a countryman on the following day,
+  asked him what kind of birds he supposed them to have been. The
+  man answered, 'They are what we call the Seven Whistlers,' and
+  added that 'whenever they are heard it is considered a sign of
+  some great calamity, and that the last time he had heard them was
+  on the night before the deplorable explosion of fire damp at the
+  Hartley Colliery.'"
+
+In _Notes and Queries_ there are several allusions to this local
+superstition. In the Fifth Series (vol. ii. p. 264), Oct. 3, 1874, the
+editor gives a summary of several notes on the subject in vol. viii. of
+the Fourth Series (pp. 68, 134, 196, and 268), with additional
+information. He says "record was made of their having been heard in
+Leicestershire; and that the develin or martin, the swift, and the
+plover were probably of the whistling fraternity that frightened men. At
+p. 134 it was shown that Wordsworth had spoken of one who
+
+           ... the seven birds hath seen, that never part,
+      Seen the Seven Whistlers in their nightly rounds,
+      And counted them.
+
+On the same page, the swift is said to be the true whistler (but, as
+noted at page 196, the swifts never make nightly rounds), and the
+superstition is said to be common in our Midland Counties. At page 268,
+Mr. Pearson put on record that in Lancashire the plovers, whistling as
+they fly, are accounted heralds of ill, though sometimes of trivial
+accident, and that they are there called 'Wandering Jews,' and are said
+to be, or to carry with them, the ever-restless souls of those Jews who
+assisted at the Crucifixion. At page 336, the whistlers are chronicled
+as having been the harbingers of the great Hartley Colliery explosion. A
+correspondent, VIATOR, added, that on the Bosphorus there are flocks of
+birds, the size of a thrush, which fly up and down the channel, and are
+never seen to rest on land or water. The men who rowed Viator's caique
+told him that they were the souls of the damned, condemned to perpetual
+motion. The Seven Whistlers have not furnished chroniclers with later
+circumstances of their tuneful and awful progresses till a week or two
+ago.... The whistlers are also heard and feared in Portugal. See _The
+New Quarterly_ for July 1874, for a record of some travelling experience
+in that country."
+
+Another extract from _Notes and Queries_ is to the following effect:--
+
+  "'Your Excellency laughs at ghosts. But there is no lie about the
+  Seven Whistlers. Many a man besides me has heard them.'
+
+  "'Who are the Seven Whistlers? and have you seen them yourself?'
+
+  "'Not seen, thank Heaven; but I have heard them plenty of times.
+  Some say they are the ghosts of children unbaptized, who are to
+  know no rest till the judgment day. Once last winter I was going
+  with donkeys and a mule to Caia. Just at the moment I stopped by
+  the river bank to tighten the mule's girth, I heard the accursed
+  whistlers coming down the wind along the river. I buried my head
+  under the mule, and never moved till the danger was over; but they
+  passed very near, for I heard the flap and rustle of their wings.'
+
+  "'What was the danger?'
+
+  "'If a man once sees them, heaven only knows what will not happen
+  to him--death and damnation at the very least.'
+
+  "'I have seen them many times. I shot, or tried to shoot them!'
+
+  "'Holy Mother of God! you English are an awful people! You shot
+  the Seven Whistlers?'
+
+  "'Yes; we call them marecos (teal or widgeon) in our country, and
+  shoot them whenever we can. They are better to eat than wild
+  ducks.'"
+
+_Gabriel's Hounds._--"At Wednesbury in Staffordshire, the colliers going
+to their pits early in the morning hear the noise of a pack of hounds in
+the air, to which they give the name of Gabriel's Hounds, though the
+more sober and judicious take them only to be wild geese making this
+noise in their flight." Kennet MS., Lansd. 1033. (See Halliwell's
+_Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, vol. i. p. 388.) The
+peculiar cry or cackle, both of the Brent Goose and of the Bean or
+Harvest Goose (_Anser Segetum_), has often been likened to that of a
+pack of hounds in full cry--especially when the birds are on the wing
+during night. For some account of the superstition of "Gabriel's
+Hounds," see _Notes and Queries_, First Series, vol. v. pp. 534 and 596;
+and vol. xii. p. 470; Second Series, vol. i. p. 80; and Fourth Series,
+vol. vii. p. 299. In the last note these hounds are said to be popularly
+believed to be "the souls of unbaptized children wandering in the air
+till the day of judgment." They are also explained as "a thing in the
+air, that is said in these parts (Sheffield) to foretell calamity,
+sounding like a great pack of beagles in full cry." This quotation is
+from Charles Reade's _Put yourself in his place_, which contains many
+scraps of local folk-lore. The following is from the _Statistical
+History of Kirkmichael_, by the Rev. John Grant. "In the autumnal
+season, when the moon shines from a serene sky, often is the wayfaring
+traveller arrested by the music of the hills. Often struck with a more
+sober scene, he beholds the visionary hunters engaged in the chase, and
+pursuing the deer of the clouds, while the hollow rocks in long
+sounding echoes reverberate their cries." "There are several now living
+who assert that they have seen and heard this aerial hunting." See the
+_Statistical History of Scotland_, edited by Sir J. Sinclair, vol. xii.
+pp. 461, 462. Compare note to _An Evening Walk_, vol. i. p. 19.--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Both these superstitions are prevalent in the midland Counties of
+England: that of "Gabriel's Hounds" appears to be very general over
+Europe; being the same as the one upon which the German Poet, Buerger,
+has founded his Ballad of _The Wild Huntsman_.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED BY THE SIDE OF GRASMERE LAKE. 1807
+
+Composed 1806.--Published 1819
+
+
+This sonnet was first published along with _The Waggoner_ in 1819. In
+1820 it was classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets," and in 1827 it
+was transferred to the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty." Previous to 1837
+this sonnet had no title.--ED.
+
+
+    Clouds, lingering yet, extend[1] in solid bars
+    Through the grey west; and lo! these waters, steeled
+    By breezeless air to smoothest polish, yield
+    A vivid repetition[2] of the stars;
+    Jove, Venus, and the ruddy crest of Mars                     5
+    Amid his fellows beauteously revealed
+    At happy distance from earth's groaning field,
+    Where ruthless mortals wage incessant wars.
+    Is it a mirror?--or the nether Sphere
+    Opening to view the abyss in which she feeds                10
+    Her own calm fires?[3]--But list! a voice is near;
+    Great Pan himself low-whispering through the reeds,
+    "Be thankful, thou; for, if unholy deeds
+    Ravage the world, tranquillity is here!"
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Eve's lingering clouds extend ...          MS. and 1819.
+
+[2] 1819.
+
+      A bright re-duplication ...                          MS.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      Opening a vast abyss, while fancy feeds
+      On the rich show? ...                                MS.
+
+      Opening its vast abyss, ...                        1819.
+
+      Opening to view the abyss in which it feeds
+      Its own calm fires?-- ...                          1827.
+
+
+
+
+IN THE GROUNDS OF COLEORTON, THE SEAT OF SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT, BART.,
+  LEICESTERSHIRE
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+[In the grounds of Coleorton these verses are engraved on a stone placed
+near the Tree, which was thriving and spreading when I saw it in the
+summer of 1841.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    The embowering rose, the acacia, and the pine,
+    Will[1] not unwillingly their place resign;
+    If but the Cedar thrive that near them stands,
+    Planted by Beaumont's and by Wordsworth's hands.
+    One wooed the silent Art with studious pains:                5
+    These groves have heard the Other's pensive strains;
+    Devoted thus, their spirits did unite
+    By interchange of knowledge and delight.
+    May Nature's kindliest powers sustain the Tree,
+    And Love protect it from all injury!                        10
+    And when its potent branches, wide out-thrown,
+    Darken the brow of this memorial Stone,
+    [2]Here may some Painter sit in future days,
+    Some future Poet meditate his lays;
+    Not mindless of that distant age renowned                   15
+    When Inspiration hovered o'er this ground,
+    The haunt of him who sang how spear and shield
+    In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field;
+    And of that famous Youth, full soon removed
+    From earth, perhaps by Shakspeare's self approved,          20
+    Fletcher's Associate, Jonson's Friend beloved.
+
+
+About twelve years after the last visit of Wordsworth to Coleorton,
+referred to in the Fenwick note--of which the date should, I think, be
+1842, not 1841--this cedar tree fell, uprooted during a storm. It was,
+however, as the Coleorton gardener who was then on the estate told me,
+replanted with much labour, and protected with care; although, the top
+branches being injured, it was never quite the same as it had been.
+During the night of the great storm on the 13th October 1880, however,
+it fell a second time, and perished irretrievably. The memorial stone
+remains, injured a good deal by the wear and tear of time; and the
+inscription is more than half obliterated. It is in a situation much
+more exposed to the elements than the other two inscriptions at
+Coleorton. He
+
+                 who sang how spear and shield
+      In civil conflict met on Bosworth-field,
+
+was Sir John Beaumont, the brother of the dramatist, who wrote a poem on
+the battle of Bosworth. (See one of Wordsworth's notes to the _Song at
+the Feast of Brougham Castle_, p. 84.) The
+
+               famous Youth, full soon removed
+      From earth,
+
+was Francis Beaumont, the dramatist, who wrote in conjunction with
+Fletcher. He died at the age of twenty-nine.
+
+In an undated letter addressed to Sir George Beaumont, Wordsworth wrote,
+"I like your ancestor's verses the more, the more I see of them. They
+are manly, dignified, and extremely harmonious. I do not remember in any
+author of that age such a series of well-tuned couplets."
+
+In another letter written from Grasmere (probably in 1811) to Sir
+George, he says in reference to his own poems, "These inscriptions have
+all one fault, they are too long; but I was unable to do justice to the
+thoughts in less room. The second has brought Sir John Beaumont and his
+brother Francis so livelily to my mind that I recur to the plan of
+republishing the former's poems, perhaps in connection with those of
+Francis."
+
+On November 16, 1811, he wrote to him again, "I am glad that the
+inscriptions please you. It did always appear to me, that inscriptions,
+particularly those in verse, or in a dead language, were never supposed
+_necessarily_ to be the composition of those in whose name they
+appeared. If a more striking or more dramatic effect could be produced,
+I have always thought, that in an epitaph or memorial of any kind, a
+father or husband, etc., might be introduced speaking, without any
+absolute deception being intended; that is, the reader is understood to
+be at liberty to say to himself,--these verses, or this Latin, may be
+the composition of some unknown person, and not that of the father,
+widow, or friend, from whose hand or voice they profess to proceed.... I
+have altered the verses, and I have only to regret that the alteration
+is not more happily done. But I never found anything more difficult. I
+wished to preserve the expression _patrimonial grounds_,[A] but I found
+this impossible, on account of the awkwardness of the pronouns, he and
+his, as applied to Reynolds, and to yourself. This, even when it does
+not produce confusion, is always inelegant. I was, therefore, obliged to
+drop it; so that we must be content, I fear, with the inscription as it
+stands below. I hope it will do. I tried a hundred different ways, but
+cannot hit upon anything better...."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      Shall ...                                          1820.
+
+    The text of 1827 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[2]   And to a favourite resting-place invite,
+      For coolness grateful and a sober light;
+
+    Inserted only in the editions of 1815 and 1820, and in a MS. letter
+    to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See p. 79, l. 13.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+IN A GARDEN OF THE SAME
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[This Niche is in the sandstone-rock in the winter-garden at Coleorton,
+which garden, as has been elsewhere said, was made under our direction
+out of an old unsightly quarry. While the labourers were at work, Mrs.
+Wordsworth, my sister and I used to amuse ourselves occasionally in
+scooping this seat out of the soft stone. It is of the size, with
+something of the appearance, of a stall in a Cathedral. This inscription
+is not engraven, as the former and the two following are, in the
+grounds.--I. F.]
+
+Classed by Wordsworth among his "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Oft is the medal faithful to its trust
+    When temples, columns, towers, are laid in dust;
+    And 'tis a common ordinance of fate
+    That things obscure and small outlive the great:
+    Hence, when yon mansion and the flowery trim                 5
+    Of this fair garden, and its alleys dim,
+    And all its stately trees, are passed away,
+    This little Niche, unconscious of decay,
+    Perchance may still survive. And be it known
+    That it was scooped within[1] the living stone,--           10
+    Not by the sluggish and ungrateful pains
+    Of labourer plodding for his daily gains,
+    But by an industry that wrought in love;
+    With help from female hands, that proudly strove[2]
+    To aid the work, what time these walks and bowers           15
+    Were shaped to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.[3]
+
+
+This niche is still to be seen, although not quite "unconscious of
+decay." The growth of yew-trees, over and around it, has darkened the
+seat; and constant damp has decayed the soft stone. The niche having
+been scooped out by Mrs. Wordsworth and Dorothy, as well as by
+Wordsworth, suggests the cutting of the inscriptions on the Rock of
+Names in 1800, in which they all took part. (See vol. iii. pp. 61, 62.)
+On his return to Grasmere from Coleorton, Wordsworth wrote thus to Sir
+George Beaumont, in an undated letter, about this inscription:--"What
+follows I composed yesterday morning, thinking there might be no
+impropriety in placing it so as to be visible only to a person sitting
+within the niche, which is hollowed out of the sandstone in the
+winter-garden. I am told that this is, in the present form of the
+niche, impossible; but I shall be most ready, when I come to Coleorton,
+to scoop out a place for it, if Lady Beaumont think it worth while."
+Then follows the--
+
+                   INSCRIPTION.
+
+      Oft is the medal faithful to its trust.
+
+On Nov. 16, 1811, writing again to Sir George on this subject of the
+"Inscriptions," and evidently referring to this one on the "Niche," he
+says, "As to the 'Female,' and 'Male,' I know not how to get rid of it;
+for that circumstance gives the recess an appropriate interest.... On
+this account, the lines had better be suppressed, for it is not
+improbable that the altering of them might cost me more trouble than
+writing a hundred fresh ones."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      That it was fashioned in ...                         MS.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      But by prompt hands of Pleasure and of Love,
+      Female and Male; that emulously strove               MS.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      To shape the work, what time these walks and bowers
+      Were framed to cheer dark winter's lonely hours.   1815.
+
+      ... bleak ...                                        MS.
+
+
+
+
+WRITTEN AT THE REQUEST OF SIR GEORGE BEAUMONT, BART., AND IN HIS NAME,
+  FOR AN URN, PLACED BY HIM AT THE TERMINATION OF A NEWLY-PLANTED
+  AVENUE, IN THE SAME GROUNDS
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Ye Lime-trees, ranged before this hallowed Urn,
+    Shoot forth with lively power at Spring's return;
+    And be not slow a stately growth to rear
+    Of pillars, branching off from year to year,
+    Till they have learned to frame a darksome aisle;--          5
+    That may recal to mind that awful Pile[1]
+    Where Reynolds, 'mid our country's noblest dead,
+    In the last sanctity of fame is laid.
+    --There, though by right the excelling Painter sleep
+    Where Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,                 10
+    Yet not the less his Spirit would hold dear
+    Self-hidden praise, and Friendship's private tear:
+    Hence, on my patrimonial grounds, have I
+    Raised this frail tribute to his memory;
+    From youth a zealous follower of the Art[2]                 15
+    That he professed; attached to him in heart;
+    Admiring, loving, and with grief and pride
+    Feeling what England lost when Reynolds died.
+
+
+These Lime-trees now form "a stately growth of pillars," "a darksome
+aisle"; and the urn remains, as set up in 1807, at the end of the
+avenue.
+
+The "awful Pile," where Reynolds lies, and where--
+
+      ... Death and Glory a joint sabbath keep,
+
+is, of course, Westminster Abbey.
+
+After Wordsworth's return from Coleorton and Stockton to Grasmere, he
+wrote thus to Sir George Beaumont:--
+
+  "MY DEAR SIR GEORGE,
+
+  "Had there been room at the end of the small avenue of lime-trees
+  for planting a spacious circle of the same trees, the Urn might
+  have been placed in the centre, with the inscription thus altered,
+
+      "Ye lime-trees ranged around this hallowed urn,
+      Shoot forth with lively power at spring's return!
+      And be not slow a stately growth to rear,
+      Bending your docile boughs from year to year,
+      Till in a solemn concave they unite;
+      Like that Cathedral Dome beneath whose height
+      Reynolds, among our country's noble Dead,
+      In the last sanctity of fame is laid.
+      Here may some Painter sit in future days.
+      Some future poet meditate his lays!
+      Not mindless of that distant age, renowned,
+      When inspiration hovered o'er this ground,
+      The haunt of him who sang, how spear and shield
+      In civil conflict met on Bosworth field,
+      And of that famous youth (full soon removed
+      From earth!) by mighty Shakespeare's self approved,
+      Fletcher's associate, Jonson's friend beloved.
+
+  "The first couplet of the above, as it before stood, would have
+  appeared ludicrous, if the stone had remained after the trees
+  might have been gone. The couplet relating to the household
+  virtues did not accord with the painter and the poet; the former
+  being allegorical figures; the latter, living men."
+
+This letter--which is not now in the Beaumont collection at Coleorton
+Hall--seems to imply that Wordsworth thought of combining the first
+couplet on the Urn with the last nine lines of the inscription for the
+stone behind the Cedar tree. But this was never carried out. The
+inscriptions are printed in the text as they were carved at
+Coleorton.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      Till ye have framed, at length, a darksome aisle,
+      Like a recess within that sacred pile
+
+    MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont, 1811.
+
+      Till they at length have framed a darksome Aisle;--
+      Like a recess within that awful Pile               1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      Hence, an obscure Memorial, without blame,
+      In these domestic Grounds, may bear his name;
+      Unblamed this votive Urn may oft renew
+      Some mild sensations to his Genius due
+      From One--a humble Follower of the Art
+
+    Five lines instead of three in MS. letter to Sir George Beaumont,
+    16th November, 1811.
+
+
+
+
+FOR A SEAT IN THE GROVES OF COLEORTON
+
+Composed November 19, 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+    Rugged and high, of Charnwood's forest ground,
+    Stand yet, but, Stranger! hidden from thy view
+    The ivied Ruins of forlorn GRACE DIEU;
+    Erst a religious House, which[1] day and night               5
+    With hymns resounded, and the chanted rite:
+    And when those rites had ceased, the Spot gave birth
+    To honourable Men of various worth:[2]
+    There, on the margin of a streamlet wild,
+    Did Francis Beaumont sport, an eager child;                 10
+    There, under shadow of the neighbouring rocks,
+    Sang youthful tales of shepherds and their flocks;
+    Unconscious prelude to heroic themes,
+    Heart-breaking tears, and melancholy dreams
+    Of slighted love, and scorn, and jealous rage,              15
+    With which his genius shook[3] the buskined stage.
+    Communities are lost, and Empires die,
+    And things of holy use unhallowed lie;[A]
+    They perish;--but the Intellect can raise,[4]
+    From airy words alone, a Pile that ne'er decays.            20
+
+
+Charnwood forest, in Leicestershire, is an almost treeless wold of
+between fifteen and sixteen thousand acres. The
+
+               eastern ridge, the craggy bound,
+      Rugged and high,
+
+refers probably to High Cadmon. The nunnery of Grace Dieu was a
+religious house, in a retired spot near the centre of the forest; and
+was built between 1236 and 1242. The English monasteries were suppressed
+in 1536; but Grace Dieu, with thirty others of the smaller monasteries,
+was allowed to continue some time longer. It was finally suppressed in
+1539, when the site of the priory, with the demesne lands, was granted
+to Sir Humphrey Foster, who conveyed the whole to John Beaumont. Francis
+Beaumont, the dramatic poet, was born at Grace Dieu in 1586. He died in
+1615, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
+
+"William and I went to Grace Dieu last week. We were enchanted with the
+little valley and its nooks, and the rocks of Charnwood upon the
+hill."--Dorothy Wordsworth to Lady Beaumont, November 17, 1806.
+
+This "Inscription" was composed at Grasmere, November 19, 1811, as the
+following extract from a letter of Wordsworth's to Lady Beaumont
+indicates:--"Grasmere, Wednesday, November 20, 1811.--My Dear Lady
+Beaumont--When you see this you will think I mean to overrun you with
+inscriptions. I do not mean to tax you with putting them up, only with
+reading them. The following I composed yesterday morning in a walk from
+Brathay, whither I had been to accompany my sister:--
+
+        FOR A SEAT IN THE GROVES OF COLEORTON.
+
+      Beneath yon eastern ridge, the craggy bound.
+
+The thought of writing this inscription occurred to me many years
+ago."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... that ...                                       1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      But, when the formal Mass had long been stilled,
+      And wise and mighty changes were fulfilled;
+      That Ground gave birth to men of various Parts
+      For Knightly Services and liberal Arts.
+
+    MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      With which his skill inspired ...                    MS.
+
+[4] 1815.
+
+      But Truth and Intellectual Power can raise,
+
+    MS. letter to Lady Beaumont, 20th November, 1811.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In the editions of 1815 and 1820, Wordsworth appended the following
+line from Daniel, as a note to the third last line of this "Inscription"--
+
+      Strait all that holy was unhallowed lies.
+
+                                         DANIEL.           ED.
+
+
+
+
+SONG AT THE FEAST OF BROUGHAM CASTLE,
+
+UPON THE RESTORATION OF LORD CLIFFORD, THE SHEPHERD, TO THE ESTATES AND
+  HONOURS OF HIS ANCESTORS
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1807
+
+
+[See the note. This poem was composed at Coleorton while I was walking
+to and fro along the path that led from Sir George Beaumont's
+Farmhouse, where we resided, to the Hall, which was building at that
+time.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,
+    And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song.--
+    The words of ancient time I thus translate,
+    A festal strain that hath been silent long:--
+
+    "From town to town, from tower to tower,                     5
+    The red rose is a gladsome flower.
+    Her thirty years of winter past,
+    The red rose is revived at last;
+    She lifts her head for endless spring,
+    For everlasting blossoming:[A]                              10
+    Both roses flourish, red and white:
+    In love and sisterly delight
+    The two that were at strife are blended,
+    And all old troubles[1] now are ended.--
+    Joy! joy to both! but most to her                           15
+    Who is the flower of Lancaster!
+    Behold her how She smiles to-day
+    On this great throng, this bright array!
+    Fair greeting doth she send to all
+    From every corner of the hall;                              20
+    But chiefly from above the board
+    Where sits in state our rightful Lord,
+    A Clifford to his own restored!
+
+      "They came with banner, spear, and shield;
+    And it was proved in Bosworth-field.                        25
+    Not long the Avenger was withstood--
+    Earth helped him with the cry of blood:[B]
+    St George was for us, and the might
+    Of blessed Angels crowned the right.
+    Loud voice the Land has[2] uttered forth,                   30
+    We loudest in the faithful north:
+    Our fields rejoice, our mountains ring,
+    Our streams proclaim a welcoming;
+    Our strong-abodes and castles see
+    The glory of their loyalty.[3]                              35
+
+      "How glad is Skipton at this hour--
+    Though lonely, a deserted Tower;[4]
+    Knight, squire, and yeoman, page and groom:[5]
+    We have them at the feast of Brough'm.
+    How glad Pendragon--though the sleep                        40
+    Of years be on her!--She shall reap
+    A taste of this great pleasure, viewing
+    As in a dream her own renewing.
+    Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem
+    Beside her little humble stream;                            45
+    And she that keepeth watch and ward
+    Her statelier Eden's course to guard;
+    They both are happy at this hour,
+    Though each is but a lonely Tower:--
+    But here is perfect joy and pride                           50
+    For one fair House by Emont's side,
+    This day, distinguished without peer
+    To see her Master and to cheer--
+    Him, and his Lady-mother dear!
+
+      "Oh! it was a time forlorn                                55
+    When the fatherless was born--
+    Give her wings that she may fly,
+    Or she sees her infant die!
+    Swords that are with slaughter wild
+    Hunt the Mother and the Child.                              60
+    Who will take them from the light?
+    --Yonder is a man in sight--
+    Yonder is a house--but where?
+    No, they must not enter there.
+    To the caves, and to the brooks,                            65
+    To the clouds of heaven she looks;
+    She is speechless, but her eyes
+    Pray in ghostly agonies.
+    Blissful Mary, Mother mild,
+    Maid and Mother undefiled,                                  70
+    Save a Mother and her Child!
+
+      "Now Who is he that bounds with joy
+    On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?
+    No thoughts hath he but thoughts that pass
+    Light as the wind along the grass.                          75
+    Can this be He who hither came
+    In secret, like a smothered flame?
+    O'er whom such thankful tears were shed
+    For shelter, and a poor man's bread!
+    God loves the Child; and God hath willed                    80
+    That those dear words should be fulfilled,
+    The Lady's words, when forced away
+    The last she to her Babe did say:
+    'My own, my own, thy Fellow-guest
+    I may not be; but rest thee, rest,                          85
+    For lowly shepherd's life is best!'
+
+      "Alas! when evil men are strong
+    No life is good, no pleasure long.
+    The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,
+    And leave Blencathara's rugged coves,[C]                    90
+    And quit the flowers that summer brings[D]
+    To Glenderamakin's lofty springs;
+    Must vanish, and his careless cheer
+    Be turned to heaviness and fear.
+    --Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!                       95
+    Hear it, good man, old in days!
+    Thou tree of covert and of rest
+    For this young Bird that is distrest;
+    Among thy branches safe he lay,
+    And he was free to sport and play,                         100
+    When falcons were abroad for prey.
+
+      "A recreant harp, that sings of fear
+    And heaviness in Clifford's ear!
+    I said, when evil men are strong,
+    No life is good, no pleasure long,                         105
+    A weak and cowardly untruth!
+    Our Clifford was a happy Youth,
+    And thankful through a weary time,
+    That brought him up to manhood's prime.
+    --Again he wanders forth at will,                          110
+    And tends a flock from hill to hill:[6]
+    His garb is humble; ne'er was seen
+    Such garb with such a noble mien;
+    Among the shepherd grooms no mate
+    Hath he, a Child of strength and state!                    115
+    Yet lacks not friends for simple[7] glee,
+    Nor yet for higher sympathy.[8]
+    To his side the fallow-deer
+    Came, and rested without fear;
+    The eagle, lord of land and sea,                           120
+    Stooped down to pay him fealty;[E]
+    And both the undying fish that swim
+    Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him;[F]
+    The pair were servants of his eye
+    In their immortality;                                      125
+    And glancing, gleaming, dark or bright,
+    Moved to and fro, for his delight.[9]
+    He knew the rocks which Angels haunt
+    Upon[10] the mountains visitant;
+    He hath kenned[11] them taking wing:                       130
+    And into caves[12] where Faeries sing
+    He hath entered; and been told
+    By Voices how men lived of old.
+    Among the heavens his eye can see
+    The face of thing[13] that is to be;                       135
+    And, if that men report him right,
+    His tongue could whisper words of might.[14]
+    --Now another day is come,
+    Fitter hope, and nobler doom;
+    He hath thrown aside his crook,                            140
+    And hath buried deep his book;
+    Armour rusting in his halls
+    On the blood of Clifford calls;--[G]
+    'Quell the Scot,' exclaims the Lance--
+    Bear me to the heart of France,                            145
+    Is the longing of the Shield--
+    Tell thy name, thou trembling Field;
+    Field of death, where'er thou be,
+    Groan thou with our victory!
+    Happy day, and mighty hour,                                150
+    When our Shepherd, in his power,
+    Mailed and horsed, with lance and sword,
+    To his ancestors restored
+    Like a re-appearing Star,
+    Like a glory from afar,                                    155
+    First shall head the flock of war!"
+
+    Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know
+    How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:
+    How he, long forced in humble walks to go,[15]
+    Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed.             160
+
+    Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;
+    His daily teachers had been woods and rills,
+    The silence that is in[16] the starry sky,
+    The sleep that is among the lonely hills.
+
+    In him the savage virtue of the Race,                      165
+    Revenge, and all ferocious thoughts were dead:
+    Nor did he change; but kept in lofty place
+    The wisdom which adversity had bred.
+
+    Glad were the vales, and every cottage-hearth;
+    The Shepherd-lord was honoured more and more;              170
+    And, ages after he was laid in earth,
+    "The good Lord Clifford" was the name he bore.
+
+
+The original text of this _Song_ was altered but little in succeeding
+editions, and was not changed at all till 1836 and 1845. The following
+is Wordsworth's explanatory note, appended to the poem in all the
+editions:--
+
+  "Henry Lord Clifford, etc. etc., who is the subject of this Poem,
+  was the son of John, Lord Clifford, who was slain at Towton
+  Field,[H] which John, Lord Clifford, as is known to the Reader of
+  English History, was the person who after the battle of Wakefield
+  slew, in the pursuit, the young Earl of Rutland, Son of the Duke
+  of York who had fallen in the battle, 'in part of revenge' (say
+  the Authors of the _History of Cumberland and Westmoreland_); 'for
+  the Earl's Father had slain his.' A deed which worthily blemished
+  the author (saith Speed); But who, as he adds, 'dare promise any
+  thing temperate of himself in the heat of martial fury? chiefly,
+  when it was resolved not to leave any branch of the York line
+  standing; for so one maketh this Lord to speak.' This, no doubt, I
+  would observe by the bye, was an action sufficiently in the
+  vindictive spirit of the times, and yet not altogether so bad as
+  represented; 'for the Earl was no child, as some writers would
+  have him, but able to bear arms, being sixteen or seventeen years
+  of age, as is evident from this (say the Memoirs of the Countess
+  of Pembroke, who was laudably anxious to wipe away, as far as
+  could be, this stigma from the illustrious name to which she was
+  born); that he was the next Child to King Edward the Fourth, which
+  his mother had by Richard Duke of York, and that King was then
+  eighteen years of age: and for the small distance betwixt her
+  Children, see Austin Vincent in his book of Nobility, page 622,
+  where he writes of them all. It may further be observed, that Lord
+  Clifford, who was then himself only twenty-five years of age, had
+  been a leading Man and Commander, two or three years together in
+  the Army of Lancaster, before this time; and, therefore, would be
+  less likely to think that the Earl of Rutland might be entitled to
+  mercy from his youth.--But, independent of this act, at best a
+  cruel and savage one, the Family of Clifford had done enough to
+  draw upon them the vehement hatred of the House of York: so that
+  after the Battle of Towton there was no hope for them but in
+  flight and concealment. Henry, the subject of the Poem, was
+  deprived of his estate and honours during the space of twenty-four
+  years; all which time he lived as a shepherd in Yorkshire, or in
+  Cumberland, where the estate of his Father-in-law (Sir Lancelot
+  Threlkeld) lay. He was restored to his estate and honours in the
+  first year of Henry the Seventh. It is recorded that, 'when called
+  to parliament, he behaved nobly and wisely; but otherwise came
+  seldom to London or the Court; and rather delighted to live in the
+  country, where he repaired several of his Castles, which had gone
+  to decay during the late troubles.' Thus far is chiefly collected
+  from Nicholson and Burn; and I can add, from my own knowledge,
+  that there is a tradition current in the village of Threlkeld and
+  its neighbourhood, his principal retreat, that, in the course of
+  his shepherd life, he had acquired great astronomical knowledge. I
+  cannot conclude this note without adding a word upon the subject
+  of those numerous and noble feudal Edifices, spoken of in the
+  Poem, the ruins of some of which are, at this day, so great an
+  ornament to that interesting country. The Cliffords had always
+  been distinguished for an honourable pride in these Castles; and
+  we have seen that after the wars of York and Lancaster they were
+  rebuilt; in the civil Wars of Charles the First, they were again
+  laid waste, and again restored almost to their former magnificence
+  by the celebrated Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke, etc.
+  etc. Not more than twenty-five years after this was done, when the
+  Estates of Clifford had passed into the Family of Tufton, three of
+  these Castles, namely Brough, Brougham, and Pendragon, were
+  demolished, and the timber and other materials sold by Thomas Earl
+  of Thanet. We will hope that, when this order was issued, the Earl
+  had not consulted the text of Isaiah, 58th Chap. 12th Verse, to
+  which the inscription placed over the gate of Pendragon Castle, by
+  the Countess of Pembroke (I believe his Grandmother) at the time
+  she repaired that structure, refers the reader. '_And they that
+  shall be of thee shall build the old waste places; thou shalt
+  raise up the foundations of many generations, and thou shalt be
+  called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell
+  in._' The Earl of Thanet, the present possessor of the Estates,
+  with a due respect for the memory of his ancestors, and a proper
+  sense of the value and beauty of these remains of antiquity, has
+  (I am told) given orders that they shall be preserved from all
+  depredations."
+
+Compare the reference to the "Shepherd-lord" in the first canto of _The
+White Doe of Rylstone_, p. 116, and the topographical allusions there,
+with this _Song_. Compare also the life of Anne Clifford, in Hartley
+Coleridge's _Lives of Distinguished Northerners_.
+
+      _High in the breathless Hall the Minstrel sate,
+      And Emont's murmur mingled with the Song._
+
+Brougham Castle, past which the river Emont flows, is about two miles
+out of Penrith, on the Appleby Road. It is now a ruin, but was once a
+place of importance. The larger part of it was built by Roger, Lord
+Clifford, son of Isabella de Veteripont, who placed over the inner door
+the inscription, "This made Roger." His grandson added the eastern part.
+The castle was frequently laid waste by the Scottish Bands, and during
+the Wars of the Roses. The Earl of Cumberland entertained James I.
+within it, in 1617, on the occasion of the king's last return from
+Scotland; but it seems to have "layen ruinous" from that date, and to
+have suffered much during the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. In
+1651-52 it was repaired by Lady Anne Clifford, Countess Dowager of
+Pembroke, who wrote thus--"After I had been there myself to direct the
+building of it, did I cause my old decayed castle of Brougham to be
+repaired, and also the tower called the "Roman Tower," in the same old
+castle, and the court-house, for keeping my courts in, with some dozen
+or fourteen rooms to be built in it upon the old foundation." (_Pembroke
+Memoirs_, i. p. 216.) After the time of the Countess Anne, the castle
+was neglected, and much of the stone, timber, and lead disposed of at
+public sales: the wainscotting being purchased by the neighbouring
+villagers.
+
+      _Her thirty years of winter past,
+      The red rose is revived at last._
+
+This refers to the thirty years interval between 1455 (the first battle
+of St. Albans in the wars of the Roses) and 1485 (the battle of Bosworth
+and the accession of Henry VII.)
+
+      _Both roses flourish, red and white_,
+
+Alluding to the marriage of Henry VII. with Elizabeth, which united the
+two warring lines of York and Lancaster.
+
+      _And it was proved in Bosworth-field._
+
+The battle of Bosworth Field, in Leicestershire, was fought in 1485.
+
+      _Not long the Avenger was withstood--
+      Earth helped him with the cry of blood._
+
+Henry VII.--who, as Henry, Earl of Richmond, last scion of the line of
+Lancaster, had fled to Brittany--returned with Morton, the exiled Bishop
+of Ely, landed at Milford, advanced through Wales, and met the royal
+army at Bosworth, where Richard was slain, and Henry crowned king on the
+battlefield. The "cry of blood" refers, doubtless, to the murder of the
+young princes in the Tower.
+
+      _How glad is Skipton at this hour--
+      Though lonely, a deserted Tower._
+
+Skipton is the "capital" of the Craven district of Yorkshire, as Barrow
+is the capital of the Furness district of Lancashire and Westmoreland.
+The castle of Skipton was the chief residence of the Cliffords.
+Architecturally it is of two periods: the round tower dating from the
+reign of Edward II., and the rest from that of Henry VIII. From the time
+of Robert de Clifford, who fell at Bannockburn (1314), until the
+seventeenth century, the estates of the Cliffords extended from Skipton
+to Brougham Castle--seventy miles--with only a short interruption of ten
+miles. The "Shepherd-lord" Clifford of this poem was attainted--as
+explained in Wordsworth's note--by the triumphant House of York. He was
+"committed by his mother to the care of certain shepherds, whose wives
+had served her," and who kept him concealed both in Cumberland, and at
+Londesborough, in Yorkshire, where his mother's (Lady Margaret Vesci)
+own estates lay. The old "Tower" of Skipton Castle was "deserted" during
+these years when the "Shepherd-lord" was concealed in Cumberland.
+
+      _How glad Pendragon--though the sleep
+      Of years be on her!_
+
+Pendragon Castle, in a narrow dell in the forest of Mallerstang, near
+the source of the Eden, south of Kirkby-Stephen, was another of the
+castles of the Cliffords. Its building was traditionally ascribed to
+Uter Pendragon, of Stonehenge celebrity, who was fabled to have tried to
+make the Eden flow round the castle of Pendragon: hence the distich--
+
+      Let Uter Pendragon do what he can,
+      Eden will run where Eden ran.
+
+In the Countess of Pembroke's _Memoirs_ (vol. i. pp. 22, 228), we are
+told that Idonea de Veteripont "made a great part of her residence in
+Westmoreland at Brough Castle, near Stanemore, and at Pendragon Castle,
+in Mallerstang." The castle was burned and destroyed by Scottish raiders
+in 1341, and for 140 years it was in a ruinous state. It is probably to
+this that reference is made in the phrase, "though the sleep of years be
+on her." During the attainder of Henry Lord Clifford, in the reign of
+Edward IV., part of this estate of Mallerstang was granted to Sir
+William Parr of Kendal Castle. It was again destroyed during the civil
+wars of the Stuarts, and was restored, along with Skipton and Brougham,
+by Lady Anne Clifford, in 1660, who put up an inscription "... Repaired
+in 1660, so as she came to lye in it herself for a little while in
+October 1661, after it had lain ruinous without timber or any other
+covering since 1541. Isaiah, chap. lviii. ver. 12." It was again
+demolished in 1685.
+
+      _Rejoiced is Brough, right glad I deem
+      Beside her little humble stream._
+
+Brough--the Verterae of the Romans--is called, for distinction's sake,
+"Brough-under-Stainmore" (or "Stanemore"). The "little humble stream" is
+Hillbeck, formerly Hellebeck--(it was said to derive its name from the
+waters rushing or "helleing" down the channel)--which descends from
+Warcop Fell, runs through Market Brough, and joins the Eden below it.
+The date of the building of the castle of Brough is uncertain, but it is
+probably older than the Conquest. It was sacked by the Scottish King
+William in 1174. It was "one of the chief residences" of Idonea de
+Veteripont (above referred to); for "then it was in its prime." (_Pemb.
+Mem._, vol. i. p. 22.) Probably she rebuilt it, and changed it from a
+tower--like Pendragon--into a castle. In the _Pembroke Memoirs_ (i. p.
+108), we read of its subsequent destruction by fire. "A great misfortune
+befell Henry Lord Clifford, some two years before his death, which
+happened in 1521; his ancient and great castle of Brough-under-Stanemore
+was set on fire by a casual mischance, a little after he had kept a
+great Christmas there, so as all the timber and lead were utterly
+consumed, and nothing left but the bare walls, which since are more and
+more consumed, and quite ruinated." This same Countess Anne Pembroke
+began to repair it in April 1660, "at her exceeding great charge and
+cost." She put up an inscription over the gate similar to the one which
+she inscribed at Pendragon.
+
+      _And she that keepeth watch and ward
+      Her statelier Eden's course to guard._
+
+Doubtless Appleby Castle. Its origin is equally uncertain. Before 1422,
+John Lord Clifford, "builded that strong and fine artificial gate-house,
+all arched with stone, and decorated with the arms of the Veteriponts,
+Cliffords, and Percys, which with several parts of the castle walls was
+defaced and broken down in the civil war of 1648." His successor,
+Thomas, Lord Clifford, "built the chiefest part of the castle towards
+the east, as the hall, the chapel, and the great chamber." This was in
+1454. The Countess Anne Pembroke wrote of Appleby Castle thus (_Pemb.
+Mem._, vol. i. p. 187): "In 1651 I continued to live in Appleby Castle a
+whole year, and spent much time in repairing it and Brougham Castle, to
+make them as habitable as I could, though Brougham was very ruinous, and
+much out of repair. And in this year, the 21st of April, I helped to lay
+the foundation stone of the middle wall of the great tower of Appleby
+Castle, called "Caesar's Tower," to the end it might be repaired again,
+and made habitable, if it pleased God (Is. lviii. 12), after it had
+stood without a roof or covering, or one chamber habitable in it, since
+about 1567," etc. etc.
+
+      _One fair House by Emont's side._
+
+Brougham Castle.
+
+      _Him, and his Lady-mother dear!_
+
+Lady Margaret, daughter and heiress of Lord Vesci, who married John,
+Lord Clifford--the Clifford of Shakespeare's _Henry VI._ He was killed
+at Ferrybridge near Knottingley in 1461. Their son was Henry, "the
+Shepherd-lord." His mother is buried in Londesborough Church, near
+Market Weighton.
+
+      _Now Who is he that bounds with joy
+      On Carrock's side, a Shepherd-boy?_
+
+Carrock-fell is three miles south-west from Castle Sowerby, in
+Cumberland.
+
+      _The Boy must part from Mosedale's groves,
+      And leave Blencathara's rugged coves._
+
+There are many "Mosedales" in the English Lake District. The one
+referred to here is to the north of Blencathara or Saddleback.
+
+      _And quit the flowers that summer brings
+      To Glenderamakin's lofty springs._
+
+The river Glenderamakin rises in the lofty ground to the north of
+Blencathara.
+
+      _--Give Sir Lancelot Threlkeld praise!_
+                      ...
+      _Thou tree of covert and of rest
+      For this young Bird that is distrest._
+
+It was on Sir Lancelot Threlkeld's estates in Cumberland that the young
+Lord was concealed, disguised as a shepherd-boy. He was the "tree of
+covert" for the young "Bird" Henry Clifford. Compare _The Waggoner_, ll.
+628-39 (vol. iii. p. 100)--
+
+      And see, beyond that hamlet small,
+      The ruined towers of Threlkeld-hall,
+      Lurking in a double shade,
+      By trees and lingering twilight made!
+      There, at Blencathara's rugged feet,
+      Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat
+      To noble Clifford; from annoy
+      Concealed the persecuted boy,
+      Well pleased in rustic garb to feed
+      His flock, and pipe on shepherd's reed
+      Among this multitude of hills,
+      Crags, woodlands, waterfalls, and rills.
+
+The old hall of Threlkeld has long been a ruin. Its only habitable part
+has been a farmhouse for many years.
+
+      _And both the undying fish that swim
+      Through Bowscale-tarn did wait on him._
+
+Bowscale Tarn is to the north of Blencathara. Its stream joins the
+Caldew river.
+
+      _And into caves where Faeries sing
+      He hath entered._
+
+Compare the previous reference to Blencathara's "rugged coves." There
+are many such on this mountain.
+
+      _Alas! the impassioned minstrel did not know
+      How, by Heaven's grace, this Clifford's heart was framed:
+      How he, long forced in humble walks to go,
+      Was softened into feeling, soothed, and tamed._
+
+After restoration to his ancestral estates, the Shepherd-lord preferred
+to live in comparative retirement. He spent most of his time at Barden
+Tower (see notes to _The White Doe of Rylstone_), which he enlarged, and
+where he lived with a small retinue. He was much at Bolton (which was
+close at hand), and there he studied astronomy and alchemy, aided by the
+monks. It is to the time when he lived at Threlkeld, however--wandering
+as a shepherd-boy, over the ridges and around the coves of Blencathara,
+amongst the groves of Mosedale, and by the lofty springs of
+Glenderamakin--that Wordsworth refers in the lines,
+
+      _Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;
+      His daily teachers had been woods and rills,
+      The silence that is in the starry sky,
+      The sleep that is among the lonely hills._
+
+He was at Flodden in 1513, when nearly sixty years of age, leading there
+the "flower of Craven."
+
+      From Penigent to Pendle Hill,
+        From Linton to long Addingham,
+      And all that Craven's coasts did till,
+        They with the lusty Clifford came.
+
+Compare, in the first canto of _The White Doe of Rylstone_ (p. 117)--
+
+                when he, with spear and shield,
+      Rode full of years to Flodden-field.
+
+He died in 1523, and was buried in the choir of Bolton Priory.
+
+The following is Sarah Coleridge's criticism of the _Song at the Feast
+of Brougham Castle_, in the editorial note to her father's _Biographia
+Literaria_ (vol. ii. ch. ix. p. 152, ed. 1847):--
+
+  "The transitions and vicissitudes in this noble lyric I have
+  always thought rendered it one of the finest specimens of modern
+  subjective poetry which our age has seen. The ode commences in a
+  tone of high gratulation and festivity--a tone not only glad, but
+  _comparatively_ even jocund and light-hearted. The Clifford is
+  restored to the home, the honours and estates of his ancestors.
+  Then it sinks and falls away to the remembrance of
+  tribulation--times of war and bloodshed, flight and terror, and
+  hiding away from the enemy--times of poverty and distress, when
+  the Clifford was brought, a little child, to the shelter of a
+  northern valley. After a while it emerges from those depths of
+  sorrow--gradually rises into a strain of elevated tranquillity and
+  contemplative rapture; through the power of imagination, the
+  beautiful and impressive aspects of nature are brought into
+  relationship with the spirit of him, whose fortunes and character
+  form the subject of the piece, and are represented as gladdening
+  and exalting it, whilst they keep it _pure and unspotted from the
+  world_. Suddenly the Poet is carried on with greater animation and
+  passion: he has returned to the point whence he started--flung
+  himself back into the tide of stirring life and moving events.
+  All is to come over again, struggle and conflict, chances and
+  changes of war, victory and triumph, overthrow and desolation. I
+  know nothing, in lyric poetry, more beautiful or affecting than
+  the final transition from this part of the ode, with its rapid
+  metre, to the slow elegiac stanzas at the end, when, from the
+  warlike fervour and eagerness, the jubilant strain which has just
+  been described, the Poet passes back into the sublime silence of
+  Nature, gathering amid her deep and quiet bosom a more subdued and
+  solemn tenderness than he had manifested before; it is as if from
+  the heights of the imaginative intellect, his spirit had retreated
+  into the recesses of a profoundly thoughtful Christian heart."
+
+Professor Henry Reed said of this poem--"Had he never written another
+ode, this alone would set him at the head of the lyric poets of
+England."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... sorrows ...                                    1807.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1807.
+
+[3] 1807.
+
+      ... royalty.                                       1815.
+
+    The text of 1820 returns to that of 1807.
+
+[4] 1845.
+
+      Though she is but a lonely Tower!
+      Silent, deserted of her best,
+      Without an Inmate or a Guest,                      1807.
+
+      Deserted, emptied of her best.                       MS.
+
+      To vacancy and silence left;
+      Of all her guardian sons bereft--                  1820.
+
+[5] 1836.
+
+      Knight, Squire, or Yeoman, Page, or Groom;         1807.
+
+[6] 1807.
+
+      ... on vale and hill:                                MS.
+
+[7] 1845.
+
+      ... solemn ...                                     1807.
+
+[8] 1845. This line was previously three lines--
+
+      And a chearful company,
+      That learn'd of him submissive ways;
+      And comforted his private days.                    1807.
+
+      A spirit-soothing company,                         1836.
+
+[9] 1836.
+
+      They moved about in open sight,
+      To and fro, for his delight.                       1807.
+
+[10] 1836.
+
+      On ...                                             1807.
+
+[11] 1807.
+
+      ... heard ...                                        MS.
+
+[12] 1836.
+
+      And the Caves ...                                  1807.
+
+[13] 1836.
+
+      Face of thing ...                                  1807.
+
+[14] C. and 1840.
+
+      And, if Men report him right,
+      He can whisper words of might.                     1807.
+
+      He could whisper ...                               1827.
+
+      And, if that men report him right,
+      He could whisper ...                               1836.
+
+[15] 1845.
+
+      Alas! the fervent Harper did not know
+      That for a tranquil Soul the Lay was framed,
+      Who, long compell'd in humble walks to go,         1807.
+
+[16] 1807.
+
+      ... of ...                                           MS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Hudibras_, part II. canto i. ll. 567-8--
+
+      That shall infuse Eternal Spring
+      And everlasting flourishing.                         ED.
+
+[B] This line is from _The Battle of Bosworth Field_, by Sir John
+Beaumont (Brother to the Dramatist), whose poems are written with so
+much spirit, elegance, and harmony, that it is supposed, as the Book is
+very scarce, a new edition of it would be acceptable to Scholars and Men
+of taste, and, accordingly, it is in contemplation to give one.--W. W.
+1807.
+
+Beaumont's line in _The Battle of Bosworth Field_ is--
+
+      The earth assists thee with the cry of blood.        ED.
+
+[C] "No three words could better describe the gulfs on the side of
+Saddleback." (H. D. Rawnsley.)
+
+[D] "Rugged patches of Hawkweed, golden rod, and white water ranunculus
+in the pools." (H. D. Rawnsley.)
+
+[E] The eagle nested in Borrowdale as late as 1785.--ED.
+
+[F] It is imagined by the people of the Country that there are two
+immortal Fish, Inhabitants of this Tarn, which lies in the mountains not
+far from Threlkeld. Blencathara, mentioned before, is the old and proper
+name of the mountain vulgarly called Saddle-back.--W. W. 1807.
+
+[G] The martial character of the Cliffords is well known to the readers
+of English History; but it may not be improper here to say, by way of
+comment on these lines and what follows, that, besides several others
+who perished in the same manner, the four immediate Progenitors of the
+person in whose hearing this is supposed to be spoken, all died in the
+Field.--W. W. 1807.
+
+Compare _The Borderers_, act III. l. 56 (vol. i. p. 173)--
+
+      They say, Lord Clifford is a savage man.             ED.
+
+[H] He was killed at Ferrybridge the day before the battle of
+Towton.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1808
+
+
+The poems referring to Coleorton are all transferred to the year 1807,
+and _The Force of Prayer_ was written in that year. Those composed in
+1808 were few in number. With the exception of _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_--to which additions were made in that year--they include only
+the two sonnets _Composed while the Author was engaged in writing a
+Tract, occasioned by the Convention of Cintra_, and the fragment on
+_George and Sarah Green_. The latter poem Wordsworth gave to De Quincey,
+who published it in his "Recollections of Grasmere," which appeared in
+_Tait's Edinburgh Magazine_ in September 1839; but it never found a
+place in any edition of Wordsworth's own poems. In this edition it is
+printed in the appendix to volume viii.
+
+The reasons which have led me to assign _The White Doe of Rylstone_ to
+the year 1808, are stated in a note to the poem (see p. 191). I infer
+that it was practically finished in April 1808, because Dorothy
+Wordsworth, in a letter to Lady Beaumont, dated April 20, 1808, says,
+"The poem is to be published. Longman has consented--in spite of the
+odium under which my brother labours as a poet--to give him 100 guineas
+for 1000 copies, according to his demand." She gives no indication of
+the name of the poem referred to. As it must, however, have been one
+which was to be published separately, she can only refer to _The White
+Doe_ or to _The Excursion_; but the latter poem was not finished in
+1808.
+
+It is probable, from the remark made in a subsequent letter to Lady
+Beaumont, February 1810, that Wordsworth intended either to add to what
+he had written in 1808, or to alter some passages before publication; or
+by "completing" the poem, he may have meant simply adding the
+Dedication, which was not written till 1815.
+
+All things considered, it seems the best arrangement that the poems of
+1808 should begin with _The White Doe of Rylstone_. In the year 1891 I
+edited this poem for the Clarendon Press. A few additional details have
+come to light since then, and are introduced into the notes. S. T.
+Coleridge's criticism of the poem in _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii.
+chap. xxii. p. 176 (edition 1817), should be consulted.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE DOE OF RYLSTONE;
+
+OR, THE FATE OF THE NORTONS
+
+Composed 1807-10.--Published 1815
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+During the Summer of 1807, I visited, for the first time, the beautiful
+country that surrounds Bolton Priory, in Yorkshire; and the Poem of the
+WHITE DOE, founded upon a Tradition connected with that place, was
+composed at the close of the same year.--W. W.[A]
+
+
+[The earlier half of this poem was composed at Stockton-upon-Tees, when
+Mrs. Wordsworth and I were on a visit to her eldest brother, Mr.
+Hutchinson, at the close of the year 1807. The country is flat, and the
+weather was rough. I was accustomed every day to walk to and fro under
+the shelter of a row of stacks, in a field at a small distance from the
+town, and there poured forth my verses aloud as freely as they would
+come. Mrs. Wordsworth reminds me that her brother stood upon the
+punctilio of not sitting down to dinner till I joined the party; and it
+frequently happened that I did not make my appearance till too late, so
+that she was made uncomfortable. I here beg her pardon for this and
+similar transgressions during the whole course of our wedded life. To my
+beloved sister the same apology is due.
+
+When, from the visit just mentioned, we returned to Town-end, Grasmere,
+I proceeded with the poem; and it may be worth while to note, as a
+caution to others who may cast their eye on these memoranda, that the
+skin having been rubbed off my heel by my wearing too tight a shoe,
+though I desisted from walking, I found that the irritation of the
+wounded part was kept up, by the act of composition, to a degree that
+made it necessary to give my constitution a holiday. A rapid cure was
+the consequence. Poetic excitement, when accompanied by protracted
+labour in composition, has throughout my life brought on more or less
+bodily derangement. Nevertheless, I am at the close of my seventy-third
+year, in what may be called excellent health; so that intellectual
+labour is not necessarily unfavourable to longevity. But perhaps I ought
+here to add that mine has been generally carried on out of doors.
+
+Let me here say a few words of this poem in the way of criticism. The
+subject being taken from feudal times has led to its being compared to
+some of Walter Scott's poems that belong to the same age and state of
+society. The comparison is inconsiderate. Sir Walter pursued the
+customary and very natural course of conducting an action, presenting
+various turns of fortune, to some outstanding point on which the mind
+might rest as a termination or catastrophe. The course I have attempted
+to pursue is entirely different. Everything that is attempted by the
+principal personages in _The White Doe_ fails, so far as its object is
+external and substantial. So far as it is moral and spiritual it
+succeeds. The heroine of the poem knows that her duty is not to
+interfere with the current of events, either to forward or delay them,
+but
+
+                          to abide
+      The shock, and finally secure
+      O'er pain and grief a triumph pure.
+
+This she does in obedience to her brother's injunction, as most suitable
+to a mind and character that, under previous trials, has been proved to
+accord with his. She achieves this not without aid from the
+communication with the inferior Creature, which often leads her thoughts
+to revolve upon the past with a tender and humanising influence that
+exalts rather than depresses her. The anticipated beatification, if I
+may so say, of her mind, and the apotheosis of the companion of her
+solitude, are the points at which the Poem aims, and constitute its
+legitimate catastrophe, far too spiritual a one for instant or
+widely-spread sympathy, but not, therefore, the less fitted to make a
+deep and permanent impression upon that class of minds who think and
+feel more independently, than the many do, of the surfaces of things and
+interests transitory, because belonging more to the outward and social
+forms of life than to its internal spirit. How insignificant a thing,
+for example, does personal prowess appear compared with the fortitude of
+patience and heroic martyrdom; in other words, with struggles for the
+sake of principle, in preference to victory gloried in for its own
+sake.--I. F.]
+
+
+                   DEDICATION
+
+                       I
+
+    In trellised shed with clustering roses gay,[B]
+    And, MARY! oft beside our blazing fire,
+    When years of wedded life were as a day
+    Whose current answers to the heart's desire,
+    Did we together read in Spenser's Lay                        5
+    How Una, sad of soul--in sad attire,
+    The gentle Una, of celestial birth,[1]
+    To seek her Knight went wandering o'er the earth.
+
+
+                       II
+
+    Ah, then, Beloved! pleasing was the smart,
+    And the tear precious in compassion shed                    10
+    For Her, who, pierced by sorrow's thrilling dart,
+    Did meekly bear the pang unmerited;
+    Meek as that emblem of her lowly heart
+    The milk-white Lamb which in a line she led,--[C]
+    And faithful, loyal in her innocence,                       15
+    Like the brave Lion slain in her defence.
+
+
+                      III
+
+    Notes could we hear as of a faery shell
+    Attuned to words with sacred wisdom fraught;
+    Free Fancy prized each specious miracle,
+    And all its finer inspiration caught;                       20
+    Till in the bosom of our rustic Cell,
+    We by a lamentable change were taught
+    That "bliss with mortal Man may not abide:"[D]
+    How nearly joy and sorrow are allied!
+
+
+                       IV
+
+    For us the stream of fiction ceased to flow,                25
+    For us the voice of melody was mute.
+    --But, as soft gales dissolve the dreary snow,
+    And give the timid herbage leave to shoot,
+    Heaven's breathing influence failed not to bestow
+    A timely promise of unlooked-for fruit,                     30
+    Fair fruit of pleasure and serene content
+    From blossoms wild of fancies innocent.
+
+
+                       V
+
+    It soothed us--it beguiled us--then, to hear
+    Once more of troubles wrought by magic spell;
+    And griefs whose aery motion comes not near                 35
+    The pangs that tempt the Spirit to rebel:
+    Then, with mild Una in her sober cheer,
+    High over hill and low adown the dell
+    Again we wandered, willing to partake
+    All that she suffered for her dear Lord's sake.             40
+
+
+                       VI
+
+    Then, too, this Song _of mine_ once more could please,
+    Where anguish, strange as dreams of restless sleep,
+    Is tempered and allayed by sympathies
+    Aloft ascending, and descending deep,
+    Even to the inferior Kinds; whom forest-trees               45
+    Protect from beating sunbeams, and the sweep
+    Of the sharp winds;--fair Creatures!--to whom Heaven
+    A calm and sinless life, with love, hath given.
+
+
+                      VII
+
+    This tragic Story cheered us; for it speaks
+    Of female patience winning firm repose;                     50
+    And, of the recompense that[2] conscience seeks,
+    A bright, encouraging, example shows;
+    Needful when o'er wide realms the tempest breaks,
+    Needful amid life's ordinary woes;--
+    Hence, not for them unfitted who would bless                55
+    A happy hour with holier happiness.
+
+
+                     VIII
+
+    He serves the Muses erringly and ill,
+    Whose aim is pleasure light and fugitive:
+    O, that my mind were equal to fulfil
+    The comprehensive mandate which they give--                 60
+    Vain aspiration of an earnest will!
+    Yet in this moral Strain a power may live,
+    Beloved Wife! such solace to impart
+    As it hath yielded to thy tender heart.
+
+  RYDAL MOUNT, WESTMORELAND,
+     _April 20, 1815_.
+
+
+      "Action is transitory--a step, a blow,                    65
+    The motion of a muscle--this way or that--
+    'Tis done; and in the after-vacancy
+    We wonder at ourselves like men betrayed:
+    Suffering is permanent, obscure and dark,
+    And has the nature of infinity.                             70
+    Yet through that darkness (infinite though it seem
+    And irremovable) gracious openings lie,
+    By which the soul--with patient steps of thought
+    Now toiling, wafted now on wings of prayer--
+    May pass in hope, and, though from mortal bonds             75
+    Yet undelivered, rise with sure ascent
+    Even to the fountain-head of peace divine."[E]
+
+
+  "They that deny a God, destroy Man's nobility: for certainly Man
+  is of kinn to the Beast by his Body; and if he be not of kinn to
+  God by his Spirit, he is a base ignoble Creature. It destroys
+  likewise Magnanimity, and the raising of humane Nature: for take
+  an example of a Dogg, and mark what a generosity and courage he
+  will put on, when he finds himself maintained by a Man, who to him
+  is instead of a God, or Melior Natura. Which courage is manifestly
+  such, as that Creature without that confidence of a better Nature
+  than his own could never attain. So Man, when he resteth and
+  assureth himself upon Divine protection and favour, gathereth a
+  force and faith which human Nature in itself could not obtain."
+
+                               LORD BACON.[F]
+
+
+    CANTO FIRST
+
+    From Bolton's old monastic tower[G]
+    The bells ring loud with gladsome power;
+    The sun shines[3] bright; the fields are gay
+    With people in their best array
+    Of stole and doublet, hood and scarf,                        5
+    Along the banks of crystal Wharf,[4]
+    Through the Vale retired and lowly,
+    Trooping to that summons holy.
+    And, up among the moorlands, see
+    What sprinklings of blithe company!                         10
+    Of lasses and of shepherd grooms,
+    That down the steep hills force their way,
+    Like cattle through the budded brooms;
+    Path, or no path, what care they?
+    And thus in joyous mood they hie                            15
+    To Bolton's mouldering Priory.[H]
+
+      What would they there!--full fifty years
+    That sumptuous Pile, with all its peers,
+    Too harshly hath been doomed to taste
+    The bitterness of wrong and waste:                          20
+    Its courts are ravaged; but the tower
+    Is standing with a voice of power,[I]
+    That ancient voice which wont to call
+    To mass or some high festival;
+    And in the shattered fabric's heart                         25
+    Remaineth one protected part;
+    A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,
+    Closely embowered and trimly drest;[5][J]
+    And thither young and old repair,
+    This Sabbath-day, for praise and prayer.                    30
+
+      Fast the church-yard fills;--anon
+    Look again, and they all are gone;
+    The cluster round the porch, and the folk
+    Who sate in the shade of the Prior's Oak![K]
+    And scarcely have they disappeared                          35
+    Ere the prelusive hymn is heard:--
+    With one consent the people rejoice,
+    Filling the church with a lofty voice!
+    They sing a service which they feel:
+    For 'tis the sunrise now of zeal;                           40
+    Of a pure faith the vernal prime--[6]
+    In great Eliza's golden time.
+
+      A moment ends the fervent din,
+    And all is hushed, without and within;
+    For though the priest, more tranquilly,                     45
+    Recites the holy liturgy,
+    The only voice which you can hear
+    Is the river murmuring near.
+    --When soft!--the dusky trees between,
+    And down the path through the open green,                   50
+    Where is no living thing to be seen;
+    And through yon gateway, where is found,
+    Beneath the arch with ivy bound,
+    Free entrance to the church-yard ground--
+    [7]Comes gliding in with lovely gleam,                      55
+    Comes gliding in serene and slow,
+    Soft and silent as a dream,
+    A solitary Doe!
+    White she is as lily of June,
+    And beauteous as the silver moon                            60
+    When out of sight the clouds are driven
+    And she is left alone in heaven;
+    Or like a ship some gentle day
+    In sunshine sailing far away,
+    A glittering ship, that hath the plain                      65
+    Of ocean for her own domain.
+
+      Lie silent in your graves, ye dead!
+    Lie quiet in your church-yard bed!
+    Ye living, tend your holy cares;
+    Ye multitude, pursue your prayers;                          70
+    And blame not me if my heart and sight
+    Are occupied with one delight!
+    'Tis a work for sabbath hours
+    If I with this bright Creature go:
+    Whether she be of forest bowers,                            75
+    From the bowers of earth below;
+    Or a Spirit for one day given,
+    A pledge[8] of grace from purest heaven.
+
+      What harmonious pensive changes
+    Wait upon her as she ranges                                 80
+    Round and through this Pile of state
+    Overthrown and desolate!
+    Now a step or two her way
+    Leads through[9] space of open day,
+    Where the enamoured sunny light                             85
+    Brightens her that was so bright;[L]
+    Now doth a delicate shadow fall,
+    Falls upon her like a breath,
+    From some lofty arch or wall,
+    As she passes underneath:                                   90
+    Now some gloomy nook partakes
+    Of the glory that she makes,--
+    High-ribbed vault of stone, or cell,
+    With perfect cunning framed as well
+    Of stone, and ivy, and the spread                           95
+    Of the elder's bushy head;
+    Some jealous and forbidding cell,
+    That doth the living stars repel,
+    And where no flower hath leave to dwell.
+
+      The presence of this wandering Doe                       100
+    Fills many a damp obscure recess
+    With lustre of a saintly show;
+    And, reappearing, she no less
+    Sheds on the flowers that round her blow
+    A more than sunny liveliness.[10]                          105
+    But say, among these holy places,
+    Which thus assiduously she paces,
+    Comes she with a votary's task,
+    Rite to perform, or boon to ask?
+    Fair Pilgrim! harbours she a sense                         110
+    Of sorrow, or of reverence?
+    Can she be grieved for quire or shrine,
+    Crushed as if by wrath divine?
+    For what survives of house where God
+    Was worshipped, or where Man abode;                        115
+    For old magnificence undone;
+    Or for the gentler work begun
+    By Nature, softening and concealing,
+    And busy with a hand of healing?[M]
+    Mourns she for lordly chamber's hearth                     120
+    That to the sapling ash gives birth;
+    For dormitory's length laid bare
+    Where the wild rose blossoms fair;[N]
+    Or altar, whence the cross was rent,
+    Now rich with mossy ornament?[11]                          125
+    --She sees a warrior carved in stone,
+    Among the thick weeds, stretched alone;[O]
+    A warrior, with his shield of pride
+    Cleaving humbly to his side,
+    And hands in resignation prest,                            130
+    Palm to palm, on his tranquil breast;
+    As little she regards the sight[12]
+    As a common creature might:
+    If she be doomed to inward care,
+    Or service, it must lie elsewhere.                         135
+    --But hers are eyes serenely bright,
+    And on she moves--with pace how light!
+    Nor spares to stoop her head, and taste
+    The dewy turf with flowers bestrown;
+    And thus she fares, until at last[13]                      140
+    Beside the ridge of a grassy grave
+    In quietness she lays her down;
+    Gentle[14] as a weary wave
+    Sinks, when the summer breeze hath died,
+    Against an anchored vessel's side;                         145
+    Even so, without distress, doth she
+    Lie down in peace, and lovingly.
+
+      The day is placid in its going,
+    To a lingering motion bound,
+    Like the crystal stream now flowing                        150
+    With its softest summer sound:[15]
+    So the balmy minutes pass,
+    While this radiant Creature lies
+    Couched upon the dewy grass,
+    Pensively with downcast eyes.                              155
+    --But now again the people raise
+    With awful cheer a voice of praise;[16]
+    It is the last, the parting song;
+    And from the temple forth they throng,
+    And quickly spread themselves abroad,                      160
+    While each pursues his several road.
+    But some--a variegated band
+    Of middle-aged, and old, and young,
+    And little children by the hand
+    Upon their leading mothers hung--                          165
+    With mute obeisance gladly paid
+    Turn towards the spot, where, full in view,
+    The white Doe, to her service true,[17]
+    Her sabbath couch has made.
+
+      It was a solitary mound;                                 170
+    Which two spears' length of level ground
+    Did from all other graves divide:
+    As if in some respect of pride;
+    Or melancholy's sickly mood,
+    Still shy of human neighbourhood;                          175
+    Or guilt, that humbly would express
+    A penitential loneliness.
+
+      "Look, there she is, my Child! draw near;
+    She fears not, wherefore should we fear?
+    She means no harm;"--but still the Boy,                    180
+    To whom the words were softly said,
+    Hung back, and smiled, and blushed for joy,
+    A shamed-faced blush of glowing red!
+    Again the Mother whispered low,
+    "Now you have seen the famous Doe;                         185
+    From Rylstone she hath found her way
+    Over the hills this sabbath day;
+    Her work, whate'er it be, is done,
+    And she will depart when we are gone;
+    Thus doth she keep, from year to year,                     190
+    Her sabbath morning, foul or fair."
+
+      [18]Bright was[19] the Creature, as in dreams
+    The Boy had seen her, yea, more bright;
+    But is she truly what she seems?
+    He asks with insecure delight,                             195
+    Asks of himself, and doubts,--and still
+    The doubt returns against his will:
+    Though he, and all the standers-by,
+    Could tell a tragic history
+    Of facts divulged, wherein appear                          200
+    Substantial motive, reason clear,
+    Why thus the milk-white Doe is found
+    Couchant beside that lonely mound;
+    And why she duly loves to pace
+    The circuit of this hallowed place.                        205
+    Nor to the Child's inquiring mind
+    Is such perplexity confined:
+    For, spite of sober Truth that sees
+    A world of fixed remembrances
+    Which to this mystery belong,                              210
+    If, undeceived, my skill can trace
+    The characters of every face,
+    There lack not strange delusion here,
+    Conjecture vague, and idle fear,
+    And superstitious fancies strong,                          215
+    Which do the gentle Creature wrong.
+
+      That bearded, staff-supported Sire--
+    Who in his boyhood often fed[20]
+    Full cheerily on convent-bread
+    And heard old tales by the convent-fire,                   220
+    And to his grave will go with scars,
+    Relics of long and distant wars--[21]
+    That Old Man, studious to expound
+    The spectacle, is mounting[22] high
+    To days of dim antiquity;                                  225
+    When Lady Aaeliza mourned
+    Her Son,[P] and felt in her despair
+    The pang of unavailing prayer;
+    Her Son in Wharf's abysses drowned,
+    The noble Boy of Egremound.[Q]                             230
+    From which affliction--when the grace
+    Of God had in her heart found place--[23]
+    A pious structure, fair to see,
+    Rose up, this stately Priory!
+    The Lady's work;--but now laid low;                        235
+    To the grief of her soul that doth come and go,
+    In the beautiful form of this innocent Doe:
+    Which, though seemingly doomed in its breast to sustain
+    A softened remembrance of sorrow and pain,
+    Is spotless, and holy, and gentle, and bright;             240
+    And glides o'er the earth like an angel of light.
+
+      Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;[R]
+    And, through the chink in the fractured floor
+    Look down, and see a griesly sight;
+    A vault where the bodies are buried upright![S]            245
+    There, face by face, and hand by hand,
+    The Claphams and Mauleverers stand;
+    And, in his place, among son and sire,
+    Is John de Clapham, that fierce Esquire,
+    A valiant man, and a name of dread                         250
+    In the ruthless wars of the White and Red;
+    Who dragged Earl Pembroke from Banbury church
+    And smote off his head on the stones of the porch!
+    Look down among them, if you dare;
+    Oft does the White Doe loiter there,                       255
+    Prying into the darksome rent;
+    Nor can it be with good intent:
+    So thinks that Dame of haughty air,
+    Who hath a Page her book to hold,
+    And wears a frontlet edged with gold.                      260
+    Harsh thoughts with her high mood agree--
+    Who counts among her ancestry[24]
+    Earl Pembroke, slain so impiously!
+
+      That slender Youth, a scholar pale,
+    From Oxford come to his native vale,                       265
+    He also hath his own conceit:
+    It is, thinks he, the gracious Fairy,
+    Who loved the Shepherd-lord to meet[T]
+    In his wanderings solitary:
+    Wild notes she in his hearing sang,                        270
+    A song of Nature's hidden powers;
+    That whistled like the wind, and rang
+    Among the rocks and holly bowers.
+    'Twas said that She all shapes could wear;
+    And oftentimes before him stood,                           275
+    Amid the trees of some thick wood,
+    In semblance of a lady fair;
+    And taught him signs, and showed him sights,
+    In Craven's dens, on Cumbrian[25] heights;
+    When under cloud of fear he lay,                           280
+    A shepherd clad in homely grey;
+    Nor left him at his later day.
+    And hence, when he, with spear and shield,
+    Rode full of years to Flodden-field,
+    His eye could see the hidden spring,                       285
+    And how the current was to flow;
+    The fatal end of Scotland's King,
+    And all that hopeless overthrow.
+    But not in wars did he delight,
+    _This_ Clifford wished for worthier might;                 290
+    Nor in broad pomp, or courtly state;
+    Him his own thoughts did elevate,--
+    Most happy in the shy recess
+    Of Barden's lowly[26] quietness.[U]
+    And choice of studious friends had he                      295
+    Of Bolton's dear fraternity;
+    Who, standing on this old church tower,
+    In many a calm propitious hour,
+    Perused, with him, the starry sky;
+    Or, in their cells, with him did pry                       300
+    For other lore,--by keen desire
+    Urged to close toil with chemic fire;[27]
+    In quest belike of transmutations
+    Rich as the mine's most bright creations.[28]
+    But they and their good works are fled,                    305
+    And all is now disquieted--
+    And peace is none, for living or dead!
+
+      Ah, pensive Scholar, think not so,
+    But look again at the radiant Doe!
+    What quiet watch she seems to keep,                        310
+    Alone, beside that grassy heap!
+    Why mention other thoughts unmeet
+    For vision so composed and sweet?
+    While stand the people in a ring,
+    Gazing, doubting, questioning;                             315
+    Yea, many overcome in spite
+    Of recollections clear and bright;
+    Which yet do unto some impart
+    An undisturbed repose of heart.
+    And all the assembly own a law                             320
+    Of orderly respect and awe;
+    But see--they vanish one by one,
+    And last, the Doe herself is gone.
+
+      Harp! we have been full long beguiled
+    By vague thoughts, lured by fancies wild;[29]              325
+    To which, with no reluctant strings,
+    Thou hast attuned thy murmurings;
+    And now before this Pile we stand
+    In solitude, and utter peace:
+    But, Harp! thy murmurs may not cease--                     330
+    A Spirit, with his angelic wings,
+    In soft and breeze-like visitings,
+    Has touched thee--and a Spirit's hand:[30]
+    A voice is with us--a command
+    To chant, in strains of heavenly glory,                    335
+    A tale of tears, a mortal story!
+
+
+    CANTO SECOND
+
+    The Harp in lowliness obeyed;
+    And first we sang of the green-wood shade
+    And a solitary Maid;
+    Beginning, where the song must end,
+    With her, and with her sylvan Friend;                        5
+    The Friend, who stood before her sight,
+    Her only unextinguished light;
+    Her last companion in a dearth
+    Of love, upon a hopeless earth.
+
+      For She it was--this Maid, who wrought[31]                10
+    Meekly, with foreboding thought,
+    In vermeil colours and in gold
+    An unblest work; which, standing by,
+    Her Father did with joy behold,--
+    Exulting in its[32] imagery;                                15
+    A Banner, fashioned to fulfil[33]
+    Too perfectly his headstrong will:
+    For on this Banner had her hand
+    Embroidered (such her Sire's command)[34]
+    The sacred Cross; and figured there                         20
+    The five dear wounds our Lord did bear;
+    Full soon to be uplifted high,
+    And float in rueful company!
+
+      It was the time when England's Queen                      24
+    Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;[V]
+    Nor yet the restless crown had been
+    Disturbed upon her virgin head;
+    But now the inly-working North
+    Was ripe to send its thousands forth,
+    A potent vassalage, to fight                                30
+    In Percy's and in Neville's right,[W]
+    Two Earls fast leagued in discontent,
+    Who gave their wishes open vent;
+    And boldly urged a general plea,
+    The rites of ancient piety                                  35
+    To be triumphantly restored,
+    By the stern justice of the sword![35]
+    And that same Banner on whose breast
+    The blameless Lady had exprest
+    Memorials chosen to give life                               40
+    And sunshine to a dangerous strife;
+    That[36] Banner, waiting for the Call,
+    Stood quietly in Rylstone-hall.
+
+      It came; and Francis Norton said,
+    "O Father! rise not in this fray--                          45
+    The hairs are white upon your head;
+    Dear Father, hear me when I say
+    It is for you too late a day!
+    Bethink you of your own good name:
+    A just and gracious queen have we,                          50
+    A pure religion, and the claim
+    Of peace on our humanity.--
+    'Tis meet that I endure your scorn;
+    I am your son, your eldest born;
+    But not for lordship or for land,                           55
+    My Father, do I clasp your knees;
+    The Banner touch not, stay your hand,
+    This multitude of men disband,
+    And live at home in blameless[37] ease;
+    For these my brethren's sake, for me;                       60
+    And, most of all, for Emily!"
+
+      Tumultuous noises filled the hall;[38]
+    And scarcely could the Father hear
+    That name--pronounced with a dying fall--[39][X]
+    The name of his only Daughter dear,                         65
+    As on[40] the banner which stood near
+    He glanced a look of holy pride,
+    And his moist[41] eyes were glorified;
+    Then did he seize the staff, and say:[42]
+    "Thou, Richard, bear'st thy father's name,                  70
+    Keep thou this ensign till the day
+    When I of thee require the same:
+    Thy place be on my better hand;--
+    And seven as true as thou, I see,
+    Will cleave to this good cause and me."                     75
+    He spake, and eight brave sons straightway
+    All followed him, a gallant band!
+
+      Thus, with his sons, when forth he came
+    The sight was hailed with loud acclaim
+    And din of arms and minstrelsy,[43]                         80
+    From all his warlike tenantry,
+    All horsed and harnessed with him to ride,--
+    A voice[44] to which the hills replied!
+
+      But Francis, in the vacant hall,
+    Stood silent under dreary weight,--                         85
+    A phantasm, in which roof and wall
+    Shook, tottered, swam before his sight;
+    A phantasm like a dream of night!
+    Thus overwhelmed, and desolate,
+    He found his way to a postern-gate;                         90
+    And, when he waked, his languid eye[45]
+    Was on the calm and silent sky;
+    With air about him breathing sweet,
+    And earth's green grass beneath his feet;
+    Nor did he fail ere long to hear                            95
+    A sound of military cheer,
+    Faint--but it reached that sheltered spot;
+    He heard, and it disturbed him not.
+
+      There stood he, leaning on a lance
+    Which he had grasped unknowingly,                          100
+    Had blindly grasped in that strong trance,
+    That dimness of heart-agony;
+    There stood he, cleansed from the despair
+    And sorrow of his fruitless prayer.
+    The past he calmly hath reviewed:                          105
+    But where will be the fortitude
+    Of this brave man, when he shall see
+    That Form beneath the spreading tree,
+    And know that it is Emily?[46]
+
+      He saw her where in open view                            110
+    She sate beneath the spreading yew--
+    Her head upon her lap, concealing
+    In solitude her bitter feeling:
+    [47]"Might ever son _command_ a sire,
+    The act were justified to-day."                            115
+    This to himself--and to the Maid,
+    Whom now he had approached, he said--
+    "Gone are they,--they have their desire;
+    And I with thee one hour will stay,
+    To give thee comfort if I may."                            120
+
+      She heard, but looked not up, nor spake;
+    And sorrow moved him to partake
+    Her silence; then his thoughts turned round,[48]
+    And fervent words a passage found.
+
+      "Gone are they, bravely, though misled;                  125
+    With a dear Father at their head!
+    The Sons obey a natural lord;
+    The Father had given solemn word
+    To noble Percy; and a force
+    Still stronger, bends him to his course.                   130
+    This said, our tears to-day may fall
+    As at an innocent funeral.
+    In deep and awful channel runs
+    This sympathy of Sire and Sons;
+    Untried our Brothers have been loved[49]                   135
+    With heart by simple nature moved;[50]
+    And now their faithfulness is proved:
+    For faithful we must call them, bearing
+    That soul of conscientious daring.
+    --There were they all in circle--there                     140
+    Stood Richard, Ambrose, Christopher,
+    John with a sword that will not fail,
+    And Marmaduke in fearless mail,
+    And those bright Twins were side by side;
+    And there, by fresh hopes beautified,                      145
+    Stood He,[51] whose arm yet lacks the power
+    Of man, our youngest, fairest flower!
+    I, by the right[52] of eldest born,
+    And in a second father's place,
+    Presumed to grapple with[53] their scorn,                  150
+    And meet their pity face to face;
+    Yea, trusting in God's holy aid,
+    I to my Father knelt and prayed;
+    And one, the pensive Marmaduke,
+    Methought, was yielding inwardly,                          155
+    And would have laid his purpose by,
+    But for a glance of his Father's eye,
+    Which I myself could scarcely brook.
+
+      "Then be we, each and all, forgiven!
+    Thou, chiefly thou,[54] my Sister dear,                    160
+    Whose pangs are registered in heaven--
+    The stifled sigh, the hidden tear,
+    And smiles, that dared to take their place,
+    Meek filial smiles, upon thy face,
+    As that unhallowed Banner grew                             165
+    Beneath a loving old Man's view.
+    Thy part is done--thy painful part;
+    Be thou then satisfied in heart!
+    A further, though far easier, task
+    Than thine hath been, my duties ask;                       170
+    With theirs my efforts cannot blend,
+    I cannot for such cause contend;
+    Their aims I utterly forswear;
+    But I in body will be there.
+    Unarmed and naked will I go,                               175
+    Be at their side, come weal or woe:
+    On kind occasions I may wait,
+    See, hear, obstruct, or mitigate.
+    Bare breast I take and an empty hand."--[Y]
+    Therewith he threw away the lance,                         180
+    Which he had grasped in that strong trance;
+    Spurned it, like something that would stand
+    Between him and the pure intent
+    Of love on which his soul was bent.
+
+      "For thee, for thee, is left the sense                   185
+    Of trial past without offence
+    To God or man; such innocence,
+    Such consolation, and the excess
+    Of an unmerited distress;
+    In that thy very strength must lie.                        190
+    --O Sister, I could prophesy!
+    The time is come that rings the knell
+    Of all we loved, and loved so well:
+    Hope nothing, if I thus may speak
+    To thee, a woman, and thence weak:                         195
+    Hope nothing, I repeat; for we
+    Are doomed to perish utterly:
+    'Tis meet that thou with me divide
+    The thought while I am by thy side,
+    Acknowledging a grace in this,                             200
+    A comfort in the dark abyss.
+    But look not for me when I am gone,
+    And be no farther wrought upon:
+    Farewell all wishes, all debate,
+    All prayers for this cause, or for that!                   205
+    Weep, if that aid thee; but depend
+    Upon no help of outward friend;
+    Espouse thy doom at once, and cleave
+    To fortitude without reprieve.
+    For we must fall, both we and ours--                       210
+    This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,
+    Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall--
+    Our fate is theirs, will reach them all;[Z]
+    The young horse must forsake his manger,
+    And learn to glory in a Stranger;                          215
+    The hawk forget his perch; the hound
+    Be parted from his ancient ground:
+    The blast will sweep us all away--
+    One desolation, one decay!
+    And even this Creature!" which words saying,               220
+    He pointed to a lovely Doe,
+    A few steps distant, feeding, straying;
+    Fair creature, and more white than snow!
+    "Even she will to her peaceful woods
+    Return, and to her murmuring floods,                       225
+    And be in heart and soul the same
+    She was before she hither came;
+    Ere she had learned to love us all,
+    Herself beloved in Rylstone-hall.
+    --But thou, my Sister, doomed to be                        230
+    The last leaf on a blasted tree;[55]
+    If not in vain we breathed[56] the breath
+    Together of a purer faith;
+    If hand in hand we have been led,
+    And thou, (O happy thought this day!)                      235
+    Not seldom foremost in the way;
+    If on one thought our minds have fed,
+    And we have in one meaning read;
+    If, when at home our private weal
+    Hath suffered from the shock of zeal,                      240
+    Together we have learned to prize
+    Forbearance and self-sacrifice;
+    If we like combatants have fared,
+    And for this issue been prepared;
+    If thou art beautiful, and youth                           245
+    And thought endue thee with all truth--
+    Be strong;--be worthy of the grace
+    Of God, and fill thy destined place:
+    A Soul, by force of sorrows high,
+    Uplifted to the purest sky                                 250
+    Of undisturbed humanity!"
+
+      He ended,--or she heard no more;
+    He led her from the yew-tree shade,
+    And at the mansion's silent door,
+    He kissed the consecrated Maid;                            255
+    And down the valley then pursued,[57]
+    Alone, the armed Multitude.
+
+
+    CANTO THIRD
+
+    Now joy for you who from the towers
+    Of Brancepeth look in doubt and fear,[AA][58]
+    Telling melancholy hours!
+    Proclaim it, let your Masters hear
+    That Norton with his band is near!                           5
+    The watchmen from their station high
+    Pronounced the word,--and the Earls descry,
+    Well-pleased, the armed Company[59]
+    Marching down the banks of Were.
+
+      Said fearless Norton to the pair                          10
+    Gone forth to greet[60] him on the plain
+    "This meeting, noble Lords! looks fair,
+    I bring with me a goodly train;
+    Their hearts are with you: hill and dale
+    Have helped us: Ure we crossed, and Swale,                  15
+    And horse and harness followed--see
+    The best part of their Yeomanry!
+    --Stand forth, my Sons!--these eight are mine,
+    Whom to this service I commend;
+    Which way soe'er our fate incline,                          20
+    These will be faithful to the end;
+    They are my all"--voice failed him here--
+    "My all save one, a Daughter dear!
+    Whom I have left, Love's mildest birth,[61]
+    The meekest Child on this blessed earth.                    25
+    I had--but these are by my side,
+    These Eight, and this is a day of pride!
+    The time is ripe. With festive din
+    Lo! how the people are flocking in,--
+    Like hungry fowl to the feeder's hand                       30
+    When snow lies heavy upon the land."
+
+      He spake bare truth; for far and near
+    From every side came noisy swarms
+    Of Peasants in their homely gear;
+    And, mixed with these, to Brancepeth came                   35
+    Grave Gentry of estate and name,
+    And Captains known for worth in arms;
+    And prayed the Earls in self-defence
+    To rise, and prove their innocence.--
+    "Rise, noble Earls, put forth your might                    40
+    For holy Church, and the People's right!"
+
+      The Norton fixed, at this demand,
+    His eye upon Northumberland,
+    And said; "The Minds of Men will own
+    No loyal rest while England's Crown                         45
+    Remains without an Heir, the bait
+    Of strife and factions desperate;
+    Who, paying deadly hate in kind
+    Through all things else, in this can find
+    A mutual hope, a common mind;                               50
+    And plot, and pant to overwhelm
+    All ancient honour in the realm.
+    --Brave Earls! to whose heroic veins
+    Our noblest blood is given in trust,
+    To you a suffering State complains,                         55
+    And ye must raise her from the dust.
+    With wishes of still bolder scope
+    On you we look, with dearest hope;
+    Even for our Altars--for the prize
+    In Heaven, of life that never dies;                         60
+    For the old and holy Church we mourn,
+    And must in joy to her return.
+    Behold!"--and from his Son whose stand
+    Was on his right, from that guardian hand
+    He took the Banner, and unfurled                            65
+    The precious folds--"behold," said he,
+    "The ransom of a sinful world;
+    Let this your preservation be;
+    The wounds of hands and feet and side,
+    And the sacred Cross on which Jesus died!                   70
+    --This bring I from an ancient hearth,
+    These Records wrought in pledge of love
+    By hands of no ignoble birth,
+    A Maid o'er whom the blessed Dove
+    Vouchsafed in gentleness to brood                           75
+    While she the holy work pursued."
+    "Uplift the Standard!" was the cry
+    From all the listeners that stood round,
+    "Plant it,--by this we live or die."
+    The Norton ceased not for that sound,                       80
+    But said; "The prayer which ye have heard,
+    Much injured Earls! by these preferred,
+    Is offered to the Saints, the sigh
+    Of tens of thousands, secretly."
+    "Uplift it!" cried once more the Band,                      85
+    And then a thoughtful pause ensued:
+    "Uplift it!" said Northumberland--
+    Whereat, from all the multitude
+    Who saw the Banner reared on high
+    In all its dread emblazonry,                                90
+    [62]A voice of uttermost joy brake out:
+    The transport was rolled down the river of Were,
+    And Durham, the time-honoured Durham, did hear,
+    And the towers of Saint Cuthbert were stirred by the shout![BB]
+
+      Now was the North in arms:--they shine                    95
+    In warlike trim from Tweed to Tyne,
+    At Percy's voice: and Neville sees
+    His Followers gathering in from Tees,
+    From Were, and all the little rills
+    Concealed among the forked hills--                         100
+    Seven hundred Knights, Retainers all
+    Of Neville, at their Master's call
+    Had sate together in Raby Hall![CC]
+    Such strength that Earldom held of yore;
+    Nor wanted at this time rich store                         105
+    Of well-appointed chivalry.
+    --Not both the sleepy lance to wield,
+    And greet the old paternal shield,
+    They heard the summons;--and, furthermore,
+    Horsemen and Foot of each degree,[63]                      110
+    Unbound by pledge of fealty,
+    Appeared, with free and open hate
+    Of novelties in Church and State;
+    night, burgher, yeoman, and esquire;
+    And Romish priest,[64] in priest's attire.                 115
+    And thus, in arms, a zealous Band
+    Proceeding under joint command,
+    To Durham first their course they bear;
+    And in Saint Cuthbert's ancient seat
+    Sang mass,--and tore the book of prayer,--                 120
+    And trod the bible beneath their feet.
+
+      Thence marching southward smooth and free
+    "They mustered their host at Wetherby,
+    Full sixteen thousand fair to see;"[DD]
+    The Choicest Warriors of the North!                        125
+    But none for beauty and for worth[65]
+    Like those eight Sons--who, in a ring,[66]
+    (Ripe men, or blooming in life's spring)[67]
+    Each with a lance, erect and tall,
+    A falchion, and a buckler small,                           130
+    Stood by their Sire, on Clifford-moor,[EE]
+    [68]To guard the Standard which he bore.
+    On foot they girt their Father round;
+    And so will keep the appointed ground
+    Where'er their march: no steed will he[69]                 135
+    Henceforth bestride;--triumphantly,
+    He stands upon the grassy sod,[70]
+    Trusting himself to the earth, and God.
+    Rare sight to embolden and inspire!
+    Proud was the field of Sons and Sire;                      140
+    Of him the most; and, sooth to say,
+    No shape of man in all the array
+    So graced the sunshine of that day.
+    The monumental pomp of age
+    Was with this goodly Personage;                            145
+    A stature undepressed in size,
+    Unbent, which rather seemed to rise,
+    In open victory o'er the weight
+    Of seventy years, to loftier[71] height;
+    Magnific limbs of withered state;                          150
+    A face to fear and venerate;
+    Eyes dark and strong; and on his head
+    Bright[72] locks of silver hair, thick spread,
+    Which a brown morion half-concealed,
+    Light as a hunter's of the field;                          155
+    And thus, with girdle round his waist,
+    Whereon the Banner-staff might rest
+    At need, he stood, advancing high
+    The glittering, floating Pageantry.
+
+      Who sees him?--thousands see,[73] and One                160
+    With unparticipated gaze;
+    Who, 'mong those[74] thousands, friend hath none,
+    And treads in solitary ways.
+    He, following wheresoe'er he might,
+    Hath watched the Banner from afar,                         165
+    As shepherds watch a lonely star,
+    Or mariners the distant light
+    That guides them through[75] a stormy night.
+    And now, upon a chosen plot
+    Of rising ground, yon heathy spot!                         170
+    He takes alone[76] his far-off stand,
+    With breast unmailed, unweaponed hand.
+    Bold is his aspect; but his eye
+    Is pregnant with anxiety,
+    While, like a tutelary Power,                              175
+    He there stands fixed from hour to hour:
+    Yet sometimes in more humble guise,
+    Upon the turf-clad height he lies
+    Stretched, herdsman-like, as if to bask
+    In sunshine were his only task,[77]                        180
+    Or by his mantle's help to find
+    A shelter from the nipping wind:
+    And thus, with short oblivion blest,
+    His weary spirits gather rest.
+    Again he lifts his eyes; and lo!                           185
+    The pageant glancing to and fro;
+    And hope is wakened by the sight,
+    He[78] thence may learn, ere fall of night,
+    Which way the tide is doomed to flow.
+
+      To London were the Chieftains bent;                      190
+    But what avails the bold intent?
+    A Royal army is gone forth
+    To quell the RISING OF THE NORTH;
+    They march with Dudley at their head,
+    And, in seven days' space, will to York be led!--
+    Can such a mighty Host be raised                           196
+    Thus suddenly, and brought so near?
+    The Earls upon each other gazed,
+    And Neville's cheek grew pale with fear;
+    For, with a high and valiant name,                         200
+    He bore a heart of timid frame;[79]
+    And bold if both had been, yet they
+    "Against so many may not stay."[FF]
+    Back therefore will they hie to seize[80]
+    A strong Hold on the banks of Tees;                        205
+    There wait a favourable hour,
+    Until Lord Dacre with his power
+    From Naworth come;[81][GG] and Howard's aid
+    Be with them openly displayed.
+
+      While through the Host, from man to man,                 210
+    A rumour of this purpose ran,
+    The Standard trusting[82] to the care
+    Of him who heretofore did bear
+    That charge, impatient Norton sought
+    The Chieftains to unfold his thought,                      215
+    And thus abruptly spake;--"We yield
+    (And can it be?) an unfought field!--
+    How oft has strength, the strength of heaven,[83]
+    To few triumphantly been given!
+    Still do our very children boast                           220
+    Of mitred Thurston--what a Host
+    He conquered![HH]--Saw we not the Plain
+    (And flying shall behold again)
+    Where faith was proved?--while to battle moved
+    The Standard, on the Sacred Wain                           225
+    That bore it, compassed round by a bold
+    Fraternity of Barons old;
+    And with those grey-haired champions stood,
+    Under the saintly ensigns three,
+    The infant Heir of Mowbray's blood--                       230
+    All confident of victory!--[84]
+    Shall Percy blush, then, for his name?
+    Must Westmoreland be asked with shame
+    Whose were the numbers, where the loss,
+    In that other day of Neville's Cross?[II]                  235
+    When the Prior of Durham with holy hand
+    Raised, as the Vision gave command,
+    Saint Cuthbert's Relic--far and near
+    Kenned on the point of a lofty spear;
+    While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower                   240
+    To God descending in his power.[85]
+    Less would not at our need be due
+    To us, who war against the Untrue;--
+    The delegates of Heaven we rise,
+    Convoked the impious to chastise:                          245
+    We, we, the sanctities of old
+    Would re-establish and uphold:
+    Be warned"--His zeal the Chiefs confounded,[86]
+    But word was given, and the trumpet sounded:
+    Back through the melancholy Host                           250
+    Went Norton, and resumed his post.
+    Alas! thought he, and have I borne
+    This Banner raised with joyful pride,[87]
+    This hope of all posterity,
+    By those dread symbols sanctified;[88]                     255
+    Thus to become at once the scorn
+    Of babbling winds as they go by,
+    A spot of shame to the sun's bright eye,
+    To the light[89] clouds a mockery!
+    --"Even these poor eight of mine would stem"--
+    Half to himself, and half to them                          261
+    He spake--"would stem, or quell, a force
+    Ten times their number, man and horse;
+    This by their own unaided might,
+    Without their father in their sight,                       265
+    Without the Cause for which they fight;
+    A Cause, which on a needful day
+    Would breed us thousands brave as they."
+    --So speaking, he his reverend head
+    Raised towards that Imagery once more:[90]                 270
+    But the familiar prospect shed
+    Despondency unfelt before:
+    A shock of intimations vain,
+    Dismay,[91] and superstitious pain,
+    Fell on him, with the sudden thought                       275
+    Of her by whom the work was wrought:--
+    Oh wherefore was her countenance bright
+    With love divine and gentle light?
+    She would not, could not, disobey,[92]
+    But her Faith leaned another way.                          280
+    Ill tears she wept; I saw them fall,
+    I overheard her as she spake
+    Sad words to that mute Animal,
+    The White Doe, in the hawthorn brake;
+    She steeped, but not for Jesu's sake,                      285
+    This Cross in tears: by her, and One
+    Unworthier far we are undone--
+    Her recreant Brother--he prevailed
+    Over that tender Spirit--assailed
+    Too oft alas! by her whose head[93]                        290
+    In the cold grave hath long been laid:
+    She first, in reason's dawn beguiled
+    Her docile, unsuspecting Child:[94]
+    Far back--far back my mind must go
+    To reach the well-spring of this woe!                      295
+
+      While thus he brooded, music sweet
+    Of border tunes was played to cheer
+    The footsteps of a quick retreat;
+    But Norton lingered in the rear,
+    Stung with sharp thoughts; and ere the last                300
+    From his distracted brain was cast,
+    Before his Father, Francis stood,
+    And spake in firm and earnest mood.[95]
+
+      "Though here I bend a suppliant knee
+    In reverence, and unarmed, I bear                          305
+    In your indignant thoughts my share;
+    Am grieved this backward march to see
+    So careless and disorderly.
+    I scorn your Chiefs--men who would lead,
+    And yet want courage at their need:                        310
+    Then look at them with open eyes!
+    Deserve they further sacrifice?--
+    If--when they shrink, nor dare oppose
+    In open field their gathering foes,
+    (And fast, from this decisive day,                         315
+    Yon multitude must melt away;)
+    If now I ask a grace not claimed
+    While ground was left for hope; unblamed
+    Be an endeavour that can do
+    No injury to them or you.[96]                              320
+    My Father! I would help to find
+    A place of shelter, till the rage
+    Of cruel men do like the wind
+    Exhaust itself and sink to rest;
+    Be Brother now to Brother joined!                          325
+    Admit me in the equipage
+    Of your misfortunes, that at least,
+    Whatever fate remain[97] behind,
+    I may bear witness in my breast
+    To your nobility of mind!"                                 330
+
+      "Thou Enemy, my bane and blight!
+    Oh! bold to fight the Coward's fight
+    Against all good"--but why declare,
+    At length, the issue of a prayer
+    Which love had prompted, yielding scope                    335
+    Too free to one bright moment's hope?[98]
+    Suffice it that the Son, who strove
+    With fruitless effort to allay
+    That passion, prudently gave way;[99]
+    Nor did he turn aside to prove                             340
+    His Brothers' wisdom or their love--
+    But calmly from the spot withdrew;
+    His best endeavours[100] to renew,
+    Should e'er a kindlier time ensue.
+
+
+    CANTO FOURTH
+
+    'Tis night: in silence looking down,
+    The Moon, from cloudless ether, sees[101]
+    A Camp, and a beleaguered Town,
+    And Castle like a stately crown
+    On the steep rocks of winding Tees;--                        5
+    And southward far, with moor between,
+    Hill-top, and flood, and forest green,[102]
+    The bright Moon sees that valley small
+    Where Rylstone's old sequestered Hall
+    A venerable image yields                                    10
+    Of quiet to the neighbouring fields;
+    While from one pillared chimney breathes
+    The smoke, and mounts in silver wreaths.[103]
+    --The courts are hushed;--for timely sleep
+    The grey-hounds to their kennel creep;                      15
+    The peacock in the broad ash tree
+    Aloft is roosted for the night,
+    He who in proud prosperity
+    Of colours manifold and bright
+    Walked round, affronting the daylight;                      20
+    And higher still, above the bower
+    Where he is perched, from yon lone Tower
+    The hall-clock in the clear moonshine
+    With glittering finger points at nine.
+
+      Ah! who could think that sadness here                     25
+    Hath[104] any sway? or pain, or fear?
+    A soft and lulling sound is heard
+    Of streams inaudible by day;[JJ]
+    The garden pool's dark surface, stirred
+    By the night insects in their play,                         30
+    Breaks into dimples small and bright;
+    A thousand, thousand rings of light
+    That shape themselves and disappear
+    Almost as soon as seen:--and lo!
+    Not distant far, the milk-white Doe--                       35
+    The same who quietly was feeding
+    On the green herb, and nothing heeding,
+    When Francis, uttering to the Maid[105]
+    His last words in the yew-tree shade,
+    Involved whate'er by love was brought                       40
+    Out of his heart, or crossed his thought,
+    Or chance presented to his eye,
+    In one sad sweep of destiny--[106]
+    The same fair Creature, who hath found
+    Her way into forbidden ground;                              45
+    Where now--within this spacious plot
+    For pleasure made, a goodly spot,
+    With lawns and beds of flowers, and shades
+    Of trellis-work in long arcades,
+    And cirque and crescent framed by wall                      50
+    Of close-clipt foliage green and tall,
+    Converging walks, and fountains gay,
+    And terraces in trim array--
+    Beneath yon cypress spiring high,
+    With pine and cedar spreading wide                          55
+    Their darksome boughs on either side,
+    In open moonlight doth she lie;
+    Happy as others of her kind,
+    That, far from human neighbourhood,
+    Range unrestricted as the wind,                             60
+    Through park, or chase, or savage wood.
+
+      But see the consecrated Maid
+    Emerging from a cedar shade[107]
+    To open moonshine, where the Doe
+    Beneath the cypress-spire is laid;                          65
+    Like a patch of April snow--
+    Upon a bed of herbage green,
+    Lingering in a woody glade
+    Or behind a rocky screen--
+    Lonely relic! which, if seen                                70
+    By the shepherd, is passed by
+    With an inattentive eye.
+    Nor more regard doth She bestow
+    Upon the uncomplaining Doe[108]
+    Now couched at ease, though oft this day                    75
+    Not unperplexed nor free from pain,
+    When she had tried, and tried in vain,
+    Approaching in her gentle way,
+    To win some look of love, or gain
+    Encouragement to sport or play;                             80
+    Attempts which still the heart-sick Maid
+    Rejected, or with slight repaid.[109]
+
+      Yet Emily is soothed;--the breeze
+    Came fraught with kindly sympathies.
+    As she approached yon rustic Shed[110]                      85
+    Hung with late-flowering woodbine, spread
+    Along the walls and overhead,
+    The fragrance of the breathing flowers
+    Revived[111] a memory of those hours
+    When here, in this remote alcove,                           90
+    (While from the pendent woodbine came
+    Like odours, sweet as if the same)
+    A fondly-anxious Mother strove
+    To teach her salutary fears
+    And mysteries above her years.                              95
+    Yes, she is soothed: an Image faint,
+    And yet not faint--a presence bright
+    Returns to her--that blessed Saint[112]
+    Who with mild looks and language mild
+    Instructed here her darling Child,                         100
+    While yet a prattler on the knee,
+    To worship in simplicity
+    The invisible God, and take for guide
+    The faith reformed and purified.
+
+      'Tis flown--the Vision, and the sense                    105
+    Of that beguiling influence;
+    "But oh! thou Angel from above,
+    Mute Spirit[113] of maternal love,
+    That stood'st before my eyes, more clear
+    Than ghosts are fabled to appear                           110
+    Sent upon embassies of fear;
+    As thou thy presence hast to me
+    Vouchsafed, in radiant ministry
+    Descend on Francis; nor forbear
+    To greet him with a voice, and say;--                      115
+    'If hope be a rejected stay,
+    Do thou, my Christian Son, beware
+    Of that most lamentable snare,
+    The self-reliance of despair!'"[114]
+
+      Then from within the embowered retreat                   120
+    Where she had found a grateful seat
+    Perturbed she issues. She will go!
+    Herself will follow to the war,
+    And clasp her Father's knees;--ah, no!
+    She meets the insuperable bar,                             125
+    The injunction by her Brother laid;
+    His parting charge--but ill obeyed--
+    That interdicted all debate,
+    All prayer for this cause or for that;
+    All efforts that would turn aside                          130
+    The headstrong current of their fate:
+    _Her duty is to stand and wait_;[115][KK]
+    In resignation to abide
+    The shock, AND FINALLY SECURE
+    O'ER PAIN AND GRIEF A TRIUMPH PURE.[115]                   135
+    --She feels it, and her pangs are checked.[116]
+    But now, as silently she paced
+    The turf, and thought by thought was chased,
+    Came One who, with sedate respect,
+    Approached, and, greeting her, thus spake;[117]            140
+    "An old man's privilege I take:
+    Dark is the time--a woeful day!
+    Dear daughter of affliction, say
+    How can I serve you? point the way."
+
+      "Rights have you, and may well be bold:                  145
+    You with my Father have grown old
+    In friendship--strive--for his sake go--
+    Turn from us all the coming woe:[118]
+    This would I beg; but on my mind
+    A passive stillness is enjoined.                           150
+    On you, if room for mortal aid
+    Be left, is no restriction laid;[119]
+    You not forbidden to recline
+    With hope upon the Will divine."
+
+      "Hope," said the old Man, "must abide                    155
+    With all of us, whate'er betide.[120]
+    In Craven's Wilds is many a den,
+    To shelter persecuted men:[LL]
+    Far under ground is many a cave,
+    Where they might lie as in the grave,                      160
+    Until this storm hath ceased to rave:
+    Or let them cross the River Tweed,
+    And be at once from peril freed!"
+
+      "Ah tempt me not!" she faintly sighed;
+    "I will not counsel nor exhort,                            165
+    With my condition satisfied;
+    But you, at least, may make report
+    Of what befals;--be this your task--
+    This may be done;--'tis all I ask!"
+
+      She spake--and from the Lady's sight                     170
+    The Sire, unconscious of his age,
+    Departed promptly as a Page
+    Bound on some errand of delight.
+    --The noble Francis--wise as brave,
+    Thought he, may want not skill[121] to save.               175
+    With hopes in tenderness concealed,
+    Unarmed he followed to the field;
+    Him will I seek: the insurgent Powers
+    Are now besieging Barnard's Towers,--[MM]
+    "Grant that the Moon which shines this night               180
+    May guide them in a prudent flight!"
+
+      But quick the turns of chance and change,
+    And knowledge has a narrow range;
+    Whence idle fears, and needless pain,
+    And wishes blind, and efforts vain.--                      185
+    The Moon may shine, but cannot be
+    Their guide in flight--already she[122]
+    Hath witnessed their captivity.
+    She saw the desperate assault
+    Upon that hostile castle made;--                           190
+    But dark and dismal is the vault
+    Where Norton and his sons are laid!
+    Disastrous issue!--he had said
+    "This night yon faithless[123] Towers must yield,
+    Or we for ever quit the field.                             195
+    --Neville is utterly dismayed,
+    For promise fails of Howard's aid;
+    And Dacre to our call replies
+    That _he_[124] is unprepared to rise.
+    My heart is sick;--this weary pause                        200
+    Must needs be fatal to our cause.[125]
+    The breach is open--on the wall,
+    This night,--the Banner shall be planted!"
+    --'Twas done: his Sons were with him--all;
+    They belt him round with hearts undaunted                  205
+    And others follow;--Sire and Son
+    Leap down into the court;--"'Tis won"--
+    They shout aloud--but Heaven decreed
+    That with their joyful shout should close
+    The triumph of a desperate deed[126]                       210
+    Which struck with terror friends and foes!
+    The friend shrinks back--the foe recoils
+    From Norton and his filial band;
+    But they, now caught within the toils,
+    Against a thousand cannot stand;--                         215
+    The foe from numbers courage drew,
+    And overpowered that gallant few.
+    "A rescue for the Standard!" cried
+    The Father from within the walls;
+    But, see, the sacred Standard falls!--                     220
+    Confusion through the Camp spread[127] wide:
+    Some fled; and some their fears detained:
+    But ere the Moon had sunk to rest
+    In her pale chambers of the west,
+    Of that rash levy nought remained.                         225
+
+
+    CANTO FIFTH
+
+    High on a point of rugged ground
+    Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell
+    Above the loftiest ridge or mound
+    Where foresters or shepherds dwell,
+    An edifice of warlike frame                                  5
+    Stands single--Norton Tower its name--[NN]
+    It fronts all quarters, and looks round
+    O'er path and road, and plain and dell,
+    Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream
+    Upon a prospect without bound.                              10
+
+      The summit of this bold ascent--
+    Though bleak and bare, and seldom free[128]
+    As Pendle-hill or Pennygent
+    From wind, or frost, or vapours wet--
+    Had often heard the sound of glee                           15
+    When there the youthful Nortons met,
+    To practice games and archery:
+    How proud and happy they! the crowd
+    Of Lookers-on how pleased and proud!
+    And from the scorching noon-tide sun,[129]                  20
+    From showers, or when the prize was won,
+    They to the Tower withdrew, and there[130]
+    Would mirth run round, with generous fare;
+    And the stern old Lord of Rylstone-hall,
+    Was happiest, proudest,[131] of them all!                   25
+
+      But now, his Child, with anguish pale,
+    Upon the height walks to and fro;
+    'Tis well that she hath heard the tale,
+    Received the bitterness of woe:
+    [132]For she _had_[133] hoped, had hoped and feared,        30
+    Such rights did feeble nature claim;
+    And oft her steps had hither steered,
+    Though not unconscious of self-blame;
+    For she her brother's charge revered,
+    His farewell words; and by the same,                        35
+    Yea by her brother's very name,
+    Had, in her solitude, been cheered.
+
+      Beside the lonely watch-tower stood[134]
+    That grey-haired Man of gentle blood,
+    Who with her Father had grown old                           40
+    In friendship; rival hunters they,
+    And fellow warriors in their day:
+    To Rylstone he the tidings brought;
+    Then on this height the Maid had sought,
+    And, gently as he could, had told                           45
+    The end of that dire Tragedy,[135]
+    Which it had been his lot to see.
+
+      To him the Lady turned; "You said
+    That Francis lives, _he_ is not dead?"
+
+      "Your noble brother hath been spared;                     50
+    To take his life they have not dared;
+    On him and on his high endeavour
+    The light of praise shall shine for ever!
+    Nor did he (such Heaven's will) in vain
+    His solitary course maintain;                               55
+    Not vainly struggled in the might
+    Of duty, seeing with clear sight;
+    He was their comfort to the last,
+    Their joy till every pang was past.
+
+      "I witnessed when to York they came--                     60
+    What, Lady, if their feet were tied;
+    They might deserve a good Man's blame;
+    But marks of infamy and shame--
+    These were their triumph, these their pride;
+    Nor wanted 'mid the pressing crowd                          65
+    Deep feeling, that found utterance loud,[136]
+    'Lo, Francis comes,' there were who cried,[137]
+    'A Prisoner once, but now set free!
+    'Tis well, for he the worst defied
+    Through force of[138] natural piety;                        70
+    He rose not in this quarrel, he,
+    For concord's sake and England's good,
+    Suit to his Brothers often made
+    With tears, and of his Father prayed--
+    And when he had in vain withstood                           75
+    Their purpose--then did he divide,[139]
+    He parted from them; but at their side
+    Now walks in unanimity.
+    Then peace to cruelty and scorn,
+    While to the prison they are borne,                         80
+    Peace, peace to all indignity!'
+
+      "And so in Prison were they laid--
+    Oh hear me, hear me, gentle Maid,
+    For I am come with power to bless,
+    By scattering gleams,[140] through your distress,           85
+    Of a redeeming happiness.
+    Me did a reverent pity move
+    And privilege of ancient love;
+    And, in your service, making bold,
+    Entrance I gained to that strong-hold.[141]                 90
+
+      "Your Father gave me cordial greeting;
+    But to his purposes, that burned
+    Within him, instantly returned:
+    He was commanding and entreating,
+    And said--'We need not stop, my Son!                        95
+    Thoughts press, and time is hurrying on'--[142]
+    And so to Francis he renewed
+    His words, more calmly thus pursued.
+
+      "'Might this our enterprise have sped,
+    Change wide and deep the Land had seen,                    100
+    A renovation from the dead,
+    A spring-tide of immortal green:
+    The darksome altars would have blazed
+    Like stars when clouds are rolled away;
+    Salvation to all eyes that gazed,                          105
+    Once more the Rood had been upraised
+    To spread its arms, and stand for aye.
+    Then, then--had I survived to see
+    New life in Bolton Priory;
+    The voice restored, the eye of Truth                       110
+    Re-opened that inspired my youth;
+    To see[143] her in her pomp arrayed--
+    This Banner (for such vow I made)
+    Should on the consecrated breast
+    Of that same Temple have found rest:                       115
+    I would myself have hung it high,
+    Fit[144] offering of glad victory!
+
+      "'A shadow of such thought remains
+    To cheer this sad and pensive time;
+    A solemn fancy yet sustains                                120
+    One feeble Being--bids me climb
+    Even to the last--one effort more
+    To attest my Faith, if not restore.
+
+      "'Hear then,' said he, 'while I impart,
+    My Son, the last wish of my heart.                         125
+    The Banner strive thou to regain;
+    And, if the endeavour prove not[145] vain,
+    Bear it--to whom if not to thee
+    Shall I this lonely thought consign?--
+    Bear it to Bolton Priory,                                  130
+    And lay it on Saint Mary's shrine;
+    To wither in the sun and breeze
+    'Mid those decaying sanctities.
+    There let at least the gift be laid,
+    The testimony there displayed;                             135
+    Bold proof that with no selfish aim,
+    But for lost Faith and Christ's dear name,
+    I helmeted a brow though white,
+    And took a place in all men's sight;
+    Yea offered up this noble[146] Brood,                      140
+    This fair unrivalled Brotherhood,
+    And turned away from thee, my Son!
+    And left--but be the rest unsaid,
+    The name untouched, the tear unshed;--
+    My wish is known, and I have done:                         145
+    Now promise, grant this one request,
+    This dying prayer, and be thou blest!'
+
+      "Then Francis answered--'Trust thy Son,
+    For, with God's will, it shall be done!'--[147]
+
+      "The pledge obtained, the solemn word[148]               150
+    Thus scarcely given, a noise was heard,
+    And Officers appeared in state
+    To lead the prisoners to their fate.
+    They rose, oh! wherefore should I fear
+    To tell, or, Lady, you to hear?                            155
+    They rose--embraces none were given--
+    They stood like trees when earth and heaven
+    Are calm; they knew each other's worth,
+    And reverently the Band went forth.
+    They met, when they had reached the door,                  160
+    One with profane and harsh intent
+    Placed there--that he might go before
+    And, with that rueful Banner borne
+    Aloft in sign of taunting scorn,[149]
+    Conduct them to their punishment:                          165
+    So cruel Sussex, unrestrained
+    By human feeling, had ordained.
+    The unhappy Banner Francis saw,
+    And, with a look of calm command
+    Inspiring universal awe,                                   170
+    He took it from the soldier's hand;
+    And all the people that stood round[150]
+    Confirmed the deed in peace profound.
+    --High transport did the Father shed
+    Upon his Son--and they were led,                           175
+    Led on, and yielded up their breath;
+    Together died, a happy death!--
+    But Francis, soon as he had braved
+    That insult, and the Banner saved,
+    Athwart the unresisting tide[151]                          180
+    Of the spectators occupied
+    In admiration or dismay,
+    Bore instantly[152] his Charge away."
+
+      These things, which thus had in the sight
+    And hearing passed of Him who stood                        185
+    With Emily, on the Watch-tower height,
+    In Rylstone's woeful neighbourhood,
+    He told; and oftentimes with voice
+    Of power to comfort[153] or rejoice;
+    For deepest sorrows that aspire,                           190
+    Go high, no transport ever higher.
+    "Yes--God is rich in mercy," said
+    The old Man to the silent Maid,
+    "Yet, Lady! shines, through this black night,
+    One star of aspect heavenly bright;[154]                   195
+    Your Brother lives--he lives--is come
+    Perhaps already to his home;
+    Then let us leave this dreary place."
+    She yielded, and with gentle pace,
+    Though without one uplifted look,                          200
+    To Rylstone-hall her way she took.
+
+
+    CANTO SIXTH
+
+    Why comes not Francis?--From the doleful City
+    He fled,--and, in his flight, could hear
+    The death-sounds of the Minster-bell:[155]
+    That sullen stroke pronounced farewell
+    To Marmaduke, cut off from pity!                             5
+    To Ambrose that! and then a knell
+    For him, the sweet half-opened Flower!
+    For all--all dying in one hour!
+    --Why comes not Francis? Thoughts of love
+    Should bear him to his Sister dear                          10
+    With the fleet motion of a dove;[156]
+    Yea, like a heavenly messenger
+    Of speediest wing, should he appear.[157]
+    Why comes he not?--for westward fast
+    Along the plain of York he past;                            15
+    Reckless of what impels or leads,
+    Unchecked he hurries on;--nor heeds
+    The sorrow, through the Villages,
+    Spread by triumphant cruelties[158]
+    Of vengeful military force,                                 20
+    And punishment without remorse.
+    He marked not, heard not, as he fled;
+    All but the suffering heart was dead
+    For him abandoned to blank awe,
+    To vacancy, and horror strong:[159]                         25
+    And the first object which he saw,
+    With conscious sight, as he swept along--
+    It was the Banner in his hand!
+    He felt--and made a sudden stand.
+
+      He looked about like one betrayed:                        30
+    What hath he done? what promise made?
+    Oh weak, weak moment! to what end
+    Can such a vain oblation tend,
+    And he the Bearer?--Can he go
+    Carrying this instrument of woe,                            35
+    And find, find any where, a right
+    To excuse him in his Country's sight?
+    No; will not all men deem the change
+    A downward course, perverse and strange?
+    Here is it;--but how? when? must she,                       40
+    The unoffending Emily,
+    Again this piteous object see?
+
+      Such conflict long did he maintain,
+    Nor liberty nor rest could gain:[160]
+    His own life into danger brought                            45
+    By this sad burden--even that thought,
+    Exciting self-suspicion strong,
+    Swayed the brave man to his wrong.[161]
+    And how--unless it were the sense
+    Of all-disposing Providence,                                50
+    Its will unquestionably shown--
+    How has the Banner clung so fast
+    To a palsied, and unconscious hand;
+    Clung to the hand to which it passed
+    Without impediment? And why                                 55
+    But that Heaven's purpose might be known,
+    Doth now no hindrance meet his eye,
+    No intervention, to withstand
+    Fulfilment of a Father's prayer
+    Breathed to a Son forgiven, and blest                       60
+    When all resentments were at rest,
+    And life in death laid the heart bare?--
+    Then, like a spectre sweeping by,
+    Rushed through his mind the prophecy
+    Of utter desolation made                                    65
+    To Emily in the yew-tree shade:
+    He sighed, submitting will and power
+    To the stern embrace of that grasping hour.[162]
+    "No choice is left, the deed is mine--
+    Dead are they, dead!--and I will go,                        70
+    And, for their sakes, come weal or woe,
+    Will lay the Relic on the shrine."
+
+      So forward with a steady will
+    He went, and traversed plain and hill;
+    And up the vale of Wharf his way                            75
+    Pursued;--and, at the dawn of day,
+    Attained a summit whence his eyes[163]
+    Could see the Tower of Bolton rise.
+    There Francis for a moment's space
+    Made halt--but hark! a noise behind                         80
+    Of horsemen at an eager pace!
+    He heard, and with misgiving mind.
+    --'Tis Sir George Bowes who leads the Band:
+    They come, by cruel Sussex sent;
+    Who, when the Nortons from the hand                         85
+    Of death had drunk their punishment,
+    Bethought him, angry and ashamed,
+    How Francis, with the Banner claimed
+    As his own charge, had disappeared,[164]
+    By all the standers-by revered.                             90
+    His whole bold carriage (which had quelled
+    Thus far the Opposer, and repelled
+    All censure, enterprise so bright
+    That even bad men had vainly striven
+    Against that overcoming light)                              95
+    Was then reviewed, and prompt word given,
+    That to what place soever fled
+    He should be seized, alive or dead.
+
+      The troop of horse have gained the height
+    Where Francis stood in open sight.                         100
+    They hem him round--"Behold the proof,"
+    They cried, "the Ensign in his hand![165]
+    _He_ did not arm, he walked aloof!
+    For why?--to save his Father's land;--
+    Worst Traitor of them all is he,                           105
+    A Traitor dark and cowardly!"
+
+      "I am no Traitor," Francis said,
+    "Though this unhappy freight I bear;
+    And must not part with. But beware;--
+    Err not, by hasty zeal misled,[166]                        110
+    Nor do a suffering Spirit wrong,
+    Whose self-reproaches are too strong!"
+    At this he from the beaten road
+    Retreated towards a brake of thorn,
+    That[167] like a place of vantage showed;                  115
+    And there stood bravely, though forlorn.
+    In self-defence with warlike brow[168]
+    He stood,--nor weaponless was now;
+    He from a Soldier's hand had snatched
+    A spear,--and, so protected, watched                       120
+    The Assailants, turning round and round;
+    But from behind with treacherous wound
+    A Spearman brought him to the ground.
+    The guardian lance, as Francis fell,
+    Dropped from him; but his other hand                       125
+    The Banner clenched; till, from out the Band,
+    One, the most eager for the prize,
+    Rushed in; and--while, O grief to tell!
+    A glimmering sense still left, with eyes
+    Unclosed the noble Francis lay--                           130
+    Seized it, as hunters seize their prey;
+    But not before the warm life-blood
+    Had tinged more deeply, as it flowed,
+    The wounds the broidered Banner showed,
+    Thy fatal work, O Maiden, innocent as good![169]           135
+
+      Proudly the Horsemen bore away
+    The Standard; and where Francis lay[170]
+    There was he left alone, unwept,
+    And for two days unnoticed slept.
+    For at that time bewildering fear                          140
+    Possessed the country, far and near;
+    But, on the third day, passing by
+    One of the Norton Tenantry
+    Espied the uncovered Corse; the Man
+    Shrunk as he recognised the face,                          145
+    And to the nearest homesteads ran
+    And called the people to the place.
+    --How desolate is Rylstone-hall!
+    This was the instant thought of all;
+    And if the lonely Lady there                               150
+    Should be; to her they cannot bear
+    This weight of anguish and despair.
+    So, when upon sad thoughts had prest
+    Thoughts sadder still, they deemed it best
+    That, if the Priest should yield assent                    155
+    And no one hinder their intent,[171]
+    Then, they, for Christian pity's sake,
+    In holy ground a grave would make;
+    And straightway[172] buried he should be
+    In the Church-yard of the Priory.                          160
+
+      Apart, some little space, was made
+    The grave where Francis must be laid.
+    In no confusion or neglect
+    This did they,--but in pure respect
+    That he was born of gentle blood;                          165
+    And that there was no neighbourhood
+    Of kindred for him in that ground:
+    So to the Church-yard they are bound,
+    Bearing the body on a bier;
+    And psalms they sing--a holy sound                         170
+    That hill and vale with sadness hear.[173]
+
+      But Emily hath raised her head,
+    And is again disquieted;
+    She must behold!--so many gone,
+    Where is the solitary One?                                 175
+    And forth from Rylstone-hall stepped she,
+    To seek her Brother forth she went,
+    And tremblingly her course she bent
+    Toward[174] Bolton's ruined Priory.
+    She comes, and in the vale hath heard                      180
+    The funeral dirge;--she sees the knot
+    Of people, sees them in one spot--
+    And darting like a wounded bird
+    She reached the grave, and with her breast
+    Upon the ground received the rest,--                       185
+    The consummation, the whole ruth
+    And sorrow of this final truth!
+
+
+    CANTO SEVENTH
+
+                        "Powers there are
+      That touch each other to the quick--in modes
+      Which the gross world no sense hath to perceive,
+      No soul to dream of."[OO]
+
+    Thou Spirit, whose angelic hand
+    Was to the harp a strong command,
+    Called the submissive strings to wake
+    In glory for this Maiden's sake,
+    Say, Spirit! whither hath she fled                           5
+    To hide her poor afflicted head?
+    What mighty forest in its gloom
+    Enfolds her?--is a rifted tomb
+    Within the wilderness her seat?
+    Some island which the wild waves beat--                     10
+    Is that the Sufferer's last retreat?
+    Or some aspiring rock, that shrouds
+    Its perilous front in mists and clouds?
+    High-climbing rock, low[175] sunless dale,
+    Sea, desert, what do these avail?                           15
+    Oh take her anguish and her fears
+    Into a deep[176] recess of years!
+
+      'Tis done;--despoil and desolation
+    O'er Rylstone's fair domain have blown;[PP]
+    Pools, terraces, and walks are sown[177]                    20
+    With weeds; the bowers are overthrown,
+    Or have given way to slow mutation,
+    While, in their ancient habitation
+    The Norton name hath been unknown.
+    The lordly Mansion of its pride                             25
+    Is stripped; the ravage hath spread wide
+    Through park and field, a perishing
+    That mocks the gladness of the Spring!
+    And, with this silent gloom agreeing,
+    Appears[178] a joyless human Being,                         30
+    Of aspect such as if the waste
+    Were under her dominion placed.
+    Upon a primrose bank, her throne
+    Of quietness, she sits alone;
+    [179]Among the ruins of a wood,                             35
+    Erewhile a covert bright and green,
+    And where full many a brave tree stood,
+    That used to spread its boughs, and ring
+    With the sweet bird's carolling.
+    Behold her, like a virgin Queen,                            40
+    Neglecting in imperial state
+    These outward images of fate,
+    And carrying inward a serene
+    And perfect sway, through many a thought
+    Of chance and change, that hath been brought                45
+    To the subjection of a holy,
+    Though stern and rigorous, melancholy!
+    The like authority, with grace
+    Of awfulness, is in her face,--
+    There hath she fixed it; yet it seems                       50
+    To o'ershadow by no native right
+    That face, which cannot lose the gleams,
+    Lose utterly the tender gleams,
+    Of gentleness and meek delight,
+    And loving-kindness ever bright:                            55
+    Such is her sovereign mien:--her dress
+    (A vest with woollen cincture tied,
+    A hood of mountain-wool undyed)
+    Is homely,--fashioned to express
+    A wandering Pilgrim's humbleness.                           60
+
+      And she _hath_ wandered, long and far,
+    Beneath the light of sun and star;
+    Hath roamed in trouble and in grief,
+    Driven forward like a withered leaf,
+    Yea like a ship at random blown                             65
+    To distant places and unknown.
+    But now she dares to seek a haven
+    Among her native wilds of Craven;
+    Hath seen again her Father's roof,
+    And put her fortitude to proof;                             70
+    The mighty sorrow hath[180] been borne,
+    And she is thoroughly forlorn:
+    Her soul doth in itself stand fast,
+    Sustained by memory of the past
+    And strength of Reason; held above                          75
+    The infirmities of mortal love;
+    Undaunted, lofty, calm, and stable,
+    And awfully impenetrable.
+
+      And so--beneath a mouldered tree,
+    A self-surviving leafless oak                               80
+    By unregarded age from stroke
+    Of ravage saved--sate Emily.
+    There did she rest, with head reclined,
+    Herself most like a stately flower,
+    (Such have I seen) whom chance of birth                     85
+    Hath separated from its kind,
+    To live and die in a shady bower,
+    Single on the gladsome earth.
+
+      When, with a noise like distant thunder,
+    A troop of deer came sweeping by;                           90
+    And, suddenly, behold a wonder!
+    For One, among those rushing deer,[181]
+    A single One, in mid career
+    Hath stopped, and fixed her[182] large full eye
+    Upon the Lady Emily;                                        95
+    A Doe most beautiful, clear-white,
+    A radiant creature, silver-bright!
+
+      Thus checked, a little while it stayed;
+    A little thoughtful pause it made;
+    And then advanced with stealth-like pace,                  100
+    Drew softly near her, and more near--
+    Looked round--but saw no cause for fear;
+    So to her feet the Creature came,[183]
+    And laid its head upon her knee,
+    And looked into the Lady's face,                           105
+    A look of pure benignity,
+    And fond unclouded memory.
+    It is, thought Emily, the same,
+    The very Doe of other years!--
+    The pleading look the Lady viewed,                         110
+    And, by her gushing thoughts subdued,
+    She melted into tears--
+    A flood of tears, that flowed apace,
+    Upon the happy Creature's face.
+
+      Oh, moment ever blest! O Pair                            115
+    Beloved of Heaven, Heaven's chosen[184] care,
+    This was for you a precious greeting;
+    And may it prove a fruitful meeting![185]
+    Joined are they, and the sylvan Doe
+    Can she depart? can she forego                             120
+    The Lady, once her playful peer,
+    And now her sainted Mistress dear?
+    And will not Emily receive
+    This lovely chronicler of things
+    Long past, delights and sorrowings?                        125
+    Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+    The promise in that speaking face;
+    And welcome, as a gift of grace,[186]
+    The saddest thought the Creature brings?[187]
+
+      That day, the first of a re-union                        130
+    Which was to teem with high communion,
+    That day of balmy April weather,
+    They tarried in the wood together.
+    And when, ere fall of evening dew,
+    She from her[188] sylvan haunt withdrew,                   135
+    The White Doe tracked with faithful pace
+    The Lady to her dwelling-place;
+    That nook where, on paternal ground,
+    A habitation she had found,
+    The Master of whose humble board                           140
+    Once owned her Father for his Lord;
+    A hut, by tufted trees defended,
+    Where Rylstone brook with Wharf is blended.[QQ]
+
+      When Emily by morning light
+    Went forth, the Doe stood there[189] in sight.             145
+    She shrunk:--with one frail shock of pain
+    Received and followed by a prayer,
+    She saw the Creature once again;[190]
+    Shun will she not, she feels, will bear;--
+    But, wheresoever she looked round,                         150
+    All now was trouble-haunted ground;
+    And therefore now she deems it good
+    Once more this restless neighbourhood[191]
+    To leave. Unwooed, yet unforbidden,
+    The White Doe followed up the vale,                        155
+    Up to another cottage, hidden
+    In the deep fork of Amerdale;[RR]
+    And there may Emily restore
+    Herself, in spots unseen before.
+    --Why tell of mossy rock, or tree,                         160
+    By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side,[SS]
+    Haunts of a strengthening amity
+    That calmed her, cheered, and fortified?
+    For she hath ventured now to read
+    Of time, and place, and thought, and deed--                165
+    Endless history that lies
+    In her silent Follower's eyes;
+    Who with a power like human reason
+    Discerns the favourable season,
+    Skilled to approach or to retire,--                        170
+    From looks conceiving her desire;
+    From look, deportment, voice, or mien,
+    That vary to the heart within.
+    If she too passionately wreathed[192]
+    Her arms, or over-deeply breathed,                         175
+    Walked quick or slowly, every mood
+    In its degree was understood;
+    Then well may their accord be true,
+    And kindliest[193] intercourse ensue.
+    --Oh! surely 'twas a gentle rousing                        180
+    When she by sudden glimpse espied
+    The White Doe on the mountain browsing,
+    Or in the meadow wandered wide!
+    How pleased, when down the Straggler sank
+    Beside her, on some sunny bank!                            185
+    How soothed, when in thick bower enclosed,
+    They, like a nested pair, reposed!
+    Fair Vision! when it crossed the Maid
+    Within some rocky cavern laid,
+    The dark cave's portal gliding by,                         190
+    White as whitest[194] cloud on high
+    Floating through the[195] azure sky.
+    --What now is left for pain or fear?
+    That Presence, dearer and more dear,
+    While they, side by side, were straying,                   195
+    And the shepherd's pipe was playing,
+    Did now a very gladness yield
+    At morning to the dewy field,[196]
+    And with a deeper peace endued
+    The hour of moonlight solitude.                            200
+
+      With her Companion, in such frame
+    Of mind, to Rylstone back she came;
+    And, ranging[197] through the wasted groves,
+    Received the memory of old loves,
+    Undisturbed and undistrest,                                205
+    Into a soul which now was blest
+    With a soft spring-day of holy,
+    Mild, and grateful, melancholy:[198]
+    Not sunless gloom or unenlightened,
+    But by tender fancies brightened.                          210
+
+      When the bells of Rylstone played
+    Their sabbath music--"=God us ayde!="[TT]
+    That was the sound they seemed to speak;
+    Inscriptive legend which I ween
+    May on those holy bells be seen,                           215
+    That legend and her Grandsire's name;
+    And oftentimes the Lady meek
+    Had in her childhood read the same;
+    Words which she slighted at that day;
+    But now, when such sad change was wrought,                 220
+    And of that lonely name she thought,
+    The bells of Rylstone seemed to say,
+    While she sate listening in the shade,
+    With vocal music, "=God us ayde;="
+    And all the hills were glad to bear                        225
+    Their part in this effectual prayer.
+
+      Nor lacked she Reason's firmest power;
+    But with the White Doe at her side
+    Up would she climb to Norton Tower,
+    And thence look round her far and wide,                    230
+    Her fate there measuring;--all is stilled,--
+    The weak One hath subdued her heart;[199]
+    Behold the prophecy fulfilled,
+    Fulfilled, and she sustains her part!
+    But here her Brother's words have failed;                  235
+    Here hath a milder doom prevailed;
+    That she, of him and all bereft,
+    Hath yet this faithful Partner left;
+    This one Associate[200] that disproves
+    His words, remains for her, and loves.                     240
+    If tears are shed, they do not fall
+    For loss of him--for one, or all;
+    Yet, sometimes, sometimes doth she weep
+    Moved gently in her soul's soft sleep;
+    A few tears down her cheek descend                         245
+    For this her last and living Friend.
+
+      Bless, tender Hearts, their mutual lot,
+    And bless for both this savage spot;
+    Which Emily doth sacred hold
+    For reasons dear and manifold--                            250
+    Here hath she, here before her sight,
+    Close to the summit of this height,
+    The grassy rock-encircled Pound[UU]
+    In which the Creature first was found.
+    So beautiful the timid Thrall                              255
+    (A spotless Youngling white as foam)
+    Her youngest Brother brought it home;
+    The youngest, then a lusty boy,
+    Bore it, or led, to Rylstone-hall
+    With heart brimful of pride and joy![201]                  260
+
+      But most to Bolton's sacred Pile,
+    On favouring nights, she loved to go;
+    There ranged through cloister, court, and aisle,
+    Attended by the soft-paced Doe;
+    Nor feared she in the still moonshine[202]                 265
+    To look upon Saint Mary's shrine;[VV]
+    Nor on the lonely turf that showed
+    Where Francis slept in his last abode.
+    For that she came; there oft she sate
+    Forlorn, but not disconsolate:[203]                        270
+    And, when she from the abyss returned
+    Of thought, she neither shrunk nor mourned;
+    Was happy that she lived to greet
+    Her mute Companion as it lay
+    In love and pity at her feet;                              275
+    How happy in its[204] turn to meet
+    The[205] recognition! the mild glance
+    Beamed from that gracious countenance;
+    Communication, like the ray
+    Of a new morning, to the nature                            280
+    And prospects of the inferior Creature!
+
+      A mortal Song we sing,[206] by dower
+    Encouraged of celestial power;
+    Power which the viewless Spirit shed
+    By whom we were first visited;                             285
+    Whose voice we heard, whose hand and wings
+    Swept like a breeze the conscious strings,
+    When, left in solitude, erewhile
+    We stood before this ruined Pile,
+    And, quitting unsubstantial dreams,                        290
+    Sang in this Presence kindred themes;
+    Distress and desolation spread
+    Through human hearts, and pleasure dead,--
+    Dead--but to live again on earth,
+    A second and yet nobler birth;                             295
+    Dire overthrow, and yet how high
+    The re-ascent in sanctity!
+    From fair to fairer; day by day
+    A more divine and loftier way!
+    Even such this blessed Pilgrim trod,                       300
+    By sorrow lifted towards her God;
+    Uplifted to the purest sky
+    Of undisturbed mortality.
+    Her own thoughts loved she; and could bend
+    A dear look to her lowly Friend;                           305
+    There stopped; her thirst was satisfied
+    With what this innocent spring supplied:
+    Her sanction inwardly she bore,
+    And stood apart from human cares:
+    But to the world returned no more,                         310
+    Although with no unwilling mind
+    Help did she give at need, and joined
+    The Wharfdale peasants in their prayers.
+    At length, thus faintly, faintly tied
+    To earth, she was set free, and died.                      315
+    Thy soul, exalted Emily,
+    Maid of the blasted family,
+    Rose to the God from whom it came!
+    --In Rylstone Church her mortal frame
+    Was buried by her Mother's side.                           320
+
+      Most glorious sunset! and a ray
+    Survives--the twilight of this day--
+    In that fair Creature whom the fields
+    Support, and whom the forest shields;
+    Who, having filled a holy place,                           325
+    Partakes, in her degree, Heaven's grace;
+    And bears a memory and a mind
+    Raised far above the law of kind;[WW]
+    Haunting the spots with lonely cheer
+    Which her dear Mistress once held dear:                    330
+    Loves most what Emily loved most--
+    The enclosure of this church-yard ground;
+    Here wanders like a gliding ghost,
+    And every sabbath here is found;
+    Comes with the people when the bells                       335
+    Are heard among the moorland dells,
+    Finds entrance through yon arch, where way
+    Lies open on the sabbath-day;
+    Here walks amid the mournful waste
+    Of prostrate altars, shrines defaced,                      340
+    And floors encumbered with rich show
+    Of fret-work imagery laid low;
+    Paces softly, or makes halt,
+    By fractured cell, or tomb, or vault;
+    By plate of monumental brass                               345
+    Dim-gleaming among weeds and grass,
+    And sculptured Forms of Warriors brave:
+    But chiefly by that single grave,
+    That one sequestered hillock green,
+    The pensive visitant is seen.                              350
+    There doth the gentle Creature lie
+    With those adversities unmoved;
+    Calm spectacle, by earth and sky
+    In their benignity approved!
+    And aye, methinks, this hoary Pile,                        355
+    Subdued by outrage and decay,
+    Looks down upon her with a smile,
+    A gracious smile, that seems to say--
+    "Thou, thou art not a Child of Time,
+    But Daughter of the Eternal Prime!"                        360
+
+
+The following is the full text of the first "note" to _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_, published in the quarto edition of 1815. The other notes to
+that edition are printed in this, at the foot of the pages where they
+occur:--
+
+  "The Poem of _The White Doe of Rylstone_ is founded on a local
+  tradition, and on the Ballad in Percy's Collection, entitled _The
+  Rising of the North_. The tradition is as follows: 'About this
+  time,' not long after the Dissolution, 'a White Doe, say the aged
+  people of the neighbourhood, long continued to make a weekly
+  pilgrimage from Rylstone over the fells of Bolton, and was
+  constantly found in the Abbey Church-yard during divine service;
+  after the close of which she returned home as regularly as the
+  rest of the congregation.'--Dr. WHITAKER'S _History of the Deanery
+  of Craven_.--Rylstone was the property and residence of the
+  Nortons, distinguished in that ill-advised and unfortunate
+  Insurrection, which led me to connect with this tradition the
+  principal circumstances of their fate, as recorded in the Ballad
+  which I have thought it proper to annex.
+
+      _The Rising in the North._
+
+  "The subject of this ballad is the great Northern Insurrection in
+  the 12th year of Elizabeth, 1569, which proved so fatal to Thomas
+  Percy, the seventh Earl of Northumberland.
+
+  "There had not long before been a secret negociation entered into
+  between some of the Scottish and English nobility, to bring about
+  a marriage between Mary Q. of Scots, at that time a prisoner in
+  England, and the Duke of Norfolk, a nobleman of excellent
+  character. This match was proposed to all the most considerable of
+  the English nobility, and among the rest to the Earls of
+  Northumberland and Westmoreland, two noblemen very powerful in the
+  North. As it seemed to promise a speedy and safe conclusion of the
+  troubles in Scotland, with many advantages to the crown of
+  England, they all consented to it, provided it should prove
+  agreeable to Queen Elizabeth. The Earl of Leicester (Elizabeth's
+  favourite) undertook to break the matter to her, but before he
+  could find an opportunity, the affair had come to her ears by
+  other hands, and she was thrown into a violent flame. The Duke of
+  Norfolk, with several of his friends, was committed to the Tower,
+  and summons were sent to the Northern Earls instantly to make
+  their appearance at court. It is said that the Earl of
+  Northumberland, who was a man of a mild and gentle nature,[XX] was
+  deliberating with himself whether he should not obey the message,
+  and rely upon the Queen's candour and clemency, when he was forced
+  into desperate measures by a sudden report at midnight, Nov. 14,
+  that a party of his enemies were come to seize his person. The
+  Earl was then at his house at Topcliffe in Yorkshire. When, rising
+  hastily out of bed, he withdrew to the Earl of Westmoreland at
+  Brancepeth, where the country came in to them, and pressed them to
+  take up arms in their own defence. They accordingly set up their
+  standards, declaring their intent was to restore the ancient
+  Religion, to get the succession of the crown firmly settled, and
+  to prevent the destruction of the ancient nobility, etc. Their
+  common banner (on which was displayed the cross, together with the
+  five wounds of Christ) was borne by an ancient gentleman, Richard
+  Norton, Esquire, who, with his sons (among whom, Christopher,
+  Marmaduke, and Thomas, are expressly named by Camden),
+  distinguished himself on this occasion. Having entered Durham,
+  they tore the Bible, etc., and caused mass to be said there; they
+  then marched on to Clifford-moor near Wetherby, where they
+  mustered their men.... The two Earls, who spent their large
+  estates in hospitality, and were extremely beloved on that
+  account, were masters of little ready money; the E. of
+  Northumberland bringing with him only 8000 crowns, and the E. of
+  Westmoreland nothing at all, for the subsistence of their forces,
+  they were not able to march to London, as they had at first
+  intended. In these circumstances, Westmoreland began so visibly to
+  despond, that many of his men slunk away, though Northumberland
+  still kept up his resolution, and was master of the field till
+  December 13, when the Earl of Sussex, accompanied with Lord
+  Hunsden and others, having marched out of York at the head of a
+  large body of forces, and being followed by a still larger army
+  under the command of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick, the
+  insurgents retreated northward towards the borders, and there
+  dismissing their followers, made their escape into Scotland.
+  Though this insurrection had been suppressed with so little
+  bloodshed, the Earl of Sussex and Sir George Bowes, marshal of the
+  army, put vast numbers to death by martial law, without any
+  regular trial. The former of these caused at Durham sixty-three
+  constables to be hanged at once. And the latter made his boast,
+  that for sixty miles in length, and forty in breadth, betwixt
+  Newcastle and Wetherby, there was hardly a town or village wherein
+  he had not executed some of the inhabitants. This exceeds the
+  cruelties practised in the West after Monmouth's rebellion.
+
+  "Such is the account collected from Stow, Speed, Camden, Guthrie,
+  Carte, and Rapin; it agrees, in most particulars, with the
+  following Ballad, apparently the production of some northern
+  minstrel.--
+
+
+      "Listen, lively lordings all,
+        Lithe and listen unto mee,
+      And I will sing of a noble earle,
+        The noblest earle in the north countrie.
+
+      Earle Percy is into his garden gone,
+        And after him walks his fair leddie:
+      I heard a bird sing in mine ear,
+        That I must either fight, or flee.
+
+      Now heaven forefend, my dearest lord,
+        That ever such harm should hap to thee:
+      But goe to London to the court,
+        And fair fall truth and honestie.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, my ladye gay,
+        Alas! thy counsell suits not mee;
+      Mine enemies prevail so fast,
+        That at the court I may not bee.
+
+      O goe to the court yet, good my lord,
+        And take thy gallant men with thee;
+      If any dare to do you wrong,
+        Then your warrant they may bee.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, thou ladye faire,
+        The court is full of subtiltie:
+      And if I goe to the court, ladye,
+        Never more I may thee see.
+
+      Yet goe to the court, my lord, she sayes,
+        And I myselfe will ryde wi' thee:
+      At court then for my dearest lord,
+        His faithful borrowe I will bee.
+
+      Now nay, now nay, my ladye deare;
+        Far lever had I lose my life,
+      Than leave among my cruell foes
+        My love in jeopardy and strife.
+
+      But come thou hither, my little foot-page,
+        Come thou hither unto mee,
+      To Maister Norton thou must goe
+        In all the haste that ever may bee.
+
+      Commend me to that gentleman,
+        And beare this letter here fro mee;
+      And say that earnestly I praye,
+        He will ryde in my companie.
+
+      One while the little foot-page went,
+        And another while he ran;
+      Untill he came to his journey's end,
+        The little foot-page never blan.
+
+      When to that gentleman he came,
+        Down he kneeled on his knee;
+      And took the letter betwixt his hands,
+        And lett the gentleman it see.
+
+      And when the letter it was redd,
+        Affore that goodlye companie,
+      I wis if you the truthe wold know,
+        There was many a weeping eye.
+
+      He sayd, Come thither, Christopher Norton,
+        A gallant youth thou seem'st to bee;
+      What dost thou counsell me, my sonne,
+        Now that good earle's in jeopardy?
+
+      Father, my counselle's fair and free;
+        That erle he is a noble lord,
+      And whatsoever to him you hight,
+        I would not have you breake your word.
+
+      Gramercy, Christopher, my sonne,
+        Thy counsell well it liketh mee,
+      And if we speed and 'scape with life,
+        Well advanced shalt thou bee.
+
+      Come you hither, my nine good sonnes,
+        Gallant men I trowe you bee:
+      How many of you, my children deare,
+        Will stand by that good erle and mee?
+
+      Eight of them did answer make,
+        Eight of them spake hastilie,
+      O Father, till the day we dye
+        We'll stand by that good erle and thee.
+
+      Gramercy, now, my children deare,
+        You shew yourselves right bold and brave,
+      And whethersoe'er I live or dye,
+        A father's blessing you shall have.
+
+      But what say'st thou, O Francis Norton,
+        Thou art mine eldest sonne and heire:
+      Somewhat lies brooding in thy breast;
+        Whatever it bee, to mee declare.
+
+      Father, you are an aged man,
+        Your head is white, your beard is gray;
+      It were a shame at these your years
+        For you to ryse in such a fray.
+
+      Now fye upon thee, coward Francis,
+        Thou never learned'st this of mee;
+      When thou wert young and tender of age,
+        Why did I make soe much of thee?
+
+      But, father, I will wend with you,
+        Unarm'd and naked will I bee;
+      And he that strikes against the crowne,
+        Ever an ill death may he dee.
+
+      Then rose that reverend gentleman,
+        And with him came a goodlye band
+      To join with the brave Earle Percy,
+        And all the flower o' Northumberland.
+
+      With them the noble Nevill came,
+        The erle of Westmoreland was hee;
+      At Wetherbye they mustered their host,
+        Thirteen thousand fair to see.
+
+      Lord Westmorland his ancyent raisde,
+        The Dun Bull he rays'd on hye,
+      And three Dogs with golden collars
+        Were there set out most royallye.
+
+      Erle Percy there his ancyent spread,
+        The Halfe Moone shining all soe faire;
+      The Nortons ancyent had the Crosse,
+        And the five wounds our Lord did beare.
+
+      Then Sir George Bowes he straitwaye rose,
+        After them some spoile to make:
+      Those noble erles turned back againe,
+        And aye they vowed that knight to take.
+
+      That baron he to his castle fled,
+        To Barnard castle then fled hee.
+      The uttermost walles were eathe to win.
+        The earles have wonne them presentlie.
+
+      The uttermost walles were lime and bricke;
+        But though they won them soon anone,
+      Long ere they wan their innermost walles,
+        For they were cut in rocke and stone.
+
+      Then news unto leeve London came
+        In all the speed that ever might bee,
+      And word is brought to our royall queene
+        Of the rysing in the North countrie.
+
+      Her grace she turned her round about,
+        And like a royall queene shee swore,
+      I will ordayne them such a breakfast,
+        As never was in the North before.
+
+      Shee caused thirty thousand men be rays'd,
+        With horse and harneis faire to see;
+      She caused thirty thousand men be raised
+        To take the earles i' th' North countrie.
+
+      Wi' them the false Erle Warwicke went,
+        The Erle Sussex and the Lord Hunsden,
+      Untill they to York castle came
+        I wiss they never stint ne blan.
+
+      Now spred thy ancyent, Westmoreland,
+        Thy dun Bull faine would we spye:
+      And thou, the Erle of Northumberland,
+        Now rayse thy Halfe Moone on hye.
+
+      But the dun bulle is fled and gone,
+        And the halfe moone vanished away:
+      The Erles, though they were brave and bold,
+        Against soe many could not stay.
+
+      Thee, Norton, wi' thine eight good sonnes,
+        They doomed to dye, alas! for ruth!
+      Thy reverend lockes thee could not save,
+        Nor them their faire and blooming youthe.
+
+      Wi' them full many a gallant wight
+        They cruellye bereav'd of life:
+      And many a child made fatherlesse,
+        And widowed many a tender wife.
+
+
+  "'Bolton Priory,' says Dr. Whitaker in his excellent book--_The
+  History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven_--'stands upon a
+  beautiful curvature of the Wharf, on a level sufficiently elevated
+  to protect it from inundations, and low enough for every purpose
+  of picturesque effect.
+
+  "'Opposite to the East window of the Priory Church, the river
+  washes the foot of a rock nearly perpendicular, and of the richest
+  purple, where several of the mineral beds, which break out,
+  instead of maintaining their usual inclination to the horizon, are
+  twisted by some inconceivable process, into undulating and spiral
+  lines. To the South all is soft and delicious; the eye reposes
+  upon a few rich pastures, a moderate reach of the river,
+  sufficiently tranquil to form a mirror to the sun, and the
+  bounding hills beyond, neither too near nor too lofty to exclude,
+  even in winter, any portion of his rays.
+
+  "'But, after all, the glories of Bolton are on the North. Whatever
+  the most fastidious taste could require to constitute a perfect
+  landscape is not only found here, but in its proper place. In
+  front, and immediately under the eye, is a smooth expanse of
+  park-like enclosure, spotted with native elm, ash, etc. of the
+  finest growth: on the right a skirting oak wood, with jutting
+  points of grey rock; on the left a rising copse. Still forward are
+  seen the aged groves of Bolton Park, the growth of centuries; and
+  farther yet, the barren and rocky distances of Simon-seat and
+  Barden Fell contrasted with the warmth, fertility, and luxuriant
+  foliage of the valley below.
+
+  "'About half a mile above Bolton the Valley closes, and either
+  side of the Wharf is overhung by solemn woods, from which huge
+  perpendicular masses of grey rock jut out at intervals.
+
+  "'This sequestered scene was almost inaccessible till of late,
+  that ridings have been cut on both sides of the River, and the
+  most interesting points laid open by judicious thinnings in the
+  woods. Here a tributary stream rushes from a waterfall, and bursts
+  through a woody glen to mingle its waters with the Wharf: there
+  the Wharf itself is nearly lost in a deep cleft in the rock, and
+  next becomes a horned flood enclosing a woody island--sometimes it
+  reposes for a moment, and then resumes its native character,
+  lively, irregular, and impetuous.
+
+  "'The cleft mentioned above is the tremendous STRID. This chasm,
+  being incapable of receiving the winter floods, has formed, on
+  either side, a broad strand of naked gritstone full of
+  rock-basons, or "pots of the Linn," which bear witness to the
+  restless impetuosity of so many Northern torrents. But, if here
+  Wharf is lost to the eye, it amply repays another sense by its
+  deep and solemn roar, like "the Voice of the angry Spirit of the
+  Waters," heard far above and beneath, amidst the silence of the
+  surrounding woods.
+
+  "'The terminating object of the landscape is the remains of Barden
+  Tower, interesting from their form and situation, and still more
+  so from the recollections which they excite.'"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The White Doe of Rylstone_ has been assigned chronologically to the
+year 1808; although part of it--probably the larger half--was written
+during the autumn of the previous year, and it remained unfinished in
+1810, while the Dedication was not written till 1815. In the Fenwick
+note, Wordsworth tells us that the "earlier half" was written at
+Stockton-on-Tees "at the close" of 1807, and "proceeded with" at Dove
+Cottage, after his return to Grasmere, which was in April 1808. But on
+the 28th February, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth, writing from Allan Bank to
+Lady Beaumont, says, "Before my brother turns to any other labour, I
+hope he will have finished three books of _The Recluse_. He seldom
+writes less than 50 lines every day. After this task is finished he
+hopes to complete _The White Doe_, and proud should we all be if it
+should be honoured by a frontispiece from the pencil of Sir George
+Beaumont. Perhaps this is not impossible, if you come into the north
+next summer."
+
+A frontispiece was drawn by Sir George Beaumont for the quarto edition
+of 1815.
+
+When part of the poem was finished, Wordsworth showed it to Southey; and
+Southey, writing to Walter Scott, in February 1808, said,--
+
+  "Wordsworth has just completed a most masterly poem upon the fate
+  of the Nortons; two or three lines in the old ballad of _The
+  Rising of the North_ gave him the hint. The story affected me more
+  deeply than I wish to be affected; younger readers, however, will
+  not object to the depth of the distress, and nothing was ever more
+  ably treated. He is looking, too, for a narrative subject, pitched
+  in a lower key."
+
+One of the most interesting letters of S. T. Coleridge to Wordsworth is
+an undated one, sent from London in the spring of 1808, containing a
+characteristic criticism of _The White Doe_. The Wordsworth family had
+asked Coleridge to discuss the subject of the publication of the poem
+with the Longmans' firm. It is more than probable that it was
+Coleridge's criticism of the structural defects in the poem, that led
+Wordsworth to postpone its publication. The following is part of the
+letter:--
+
+  "... In my reperusals of the poem, it seemed always to strike on
+  my feeling as well as judgment, that if there were any serious
+  defect, it consisted in a disproportion of the Accidents to the
+  spiritual Incidents; and, closely connected with this,--if it be
+  not indeed the same,--that Emily is indeed talked of, and once
+  appears, but neither speaks nor acts, in all the first
+  three-fourths of the poem. Then, as the outward interest of the
+  poem is in favour of the old man's religious feelings, and the
+  filial heroism of his band of sons, it seemed to require something
+  in order to place the two protestant malcontents of the family in
+  a light that made them beautiful as well as virtuous. In short, to
+  express it far more strongly than I mean or think, in order (in
+  the present anguish of my spirits) to be able to express it at
+  all, that three-fourths of the work is everything rather _than_
+  Emily; and then, the last--almost a separate and doubtless an
+  exquisite poem--wholly _of_ Emily. The whole of the rest, and the
+  delivering up of the family by Francis, I never ceased to find,
+  not only comparatively heavy, but to me quite obscure as to
+  Francis's motives. On the few, to whom, within my acquaintance,
+  the poem has been read, either by yourself or me (I have, I
+  believe, read it only at the Beaumonts'), it produced the same
+  effect.
+
+  "Now I have conceived two little incidents, the introduction of
+  which, joined to a little abridgment, and lyrical precipitation of
+  the last half of the third, I had thought would have removed this
+  defect, so seeming to me, and bring to a finer balance the
+  _business_ with the _action_ of the tale. But after my receipt of
+  your letter, concerning Lamb's censures, I felt my courage fail,
+  and that what I deemed a harmonizing would disgust you as a
+  _materialization_ of the plan, and appear to you like
+  insensibility to the power of the history in the mind. Not that I
+  should have shrunk back from the mere fear of giving transient
+  pain, and a temporary offence, from the want of sympathy of
+  feeling and coincidence of opinions. I rather envy than blame that
+  deep interest in a production, which is inevitable perhaps, and
+  certainly not dishonourable to such as feel poetry their calling
+  and their duty, and which no man would find much fault with if the
+  object, instead of a poem, were a large estate or a title. It
+  appears to me to become a foible only when the poet denies, or is
+  unconscious of its existence, but I did not deem myself in such a
+  state of mind as to entitle me to rely on my own opinion when
+  opposed to yours, from the heat and bustle of these disgusting
+  lectures."
+
+       .       .       .       .       .
+
+  "From most of these causes I was suffering, so as not to allow me
+  any rational confidence in my opinions when contrary to yours,
+  which had been formed in calmness and on long reflection. Then I
+  received your sister's letter, stating the wish that I would give
+  up the thought of proposing the means of correction, and merely
+  point out the things to be corrected, which--as they could be of
+  no great consequence--you might do in a day or two, and the
+  publication of the poem--for the immediacy of which she expressed
+  great anxiety--be no longer retarded. The merely verbal
+  _alteranda_ did appear to me very few and trifling. From your
+  letter on L----, I concluded that you would not have the incidents
+  and action interfered with, and therefore I sent it off; but soon
+  retracted it, in order to note down the single words and phrases
+  that I disliked in the books, after the two first, as there would
+  be time to receive your opinion of them during the printing of the
+  two first, in which I saw nothing amiss, except the one passage we
+  altered together, and the two lines which I scratched out, because
+  you yourself were doubtful. Mrs. Shepherd told me that she had
+  felt them exactly as I did--namely, as interrupting the spirit of
+  the continuous tranquil motion of _The White Doe_."
+
+It will be seen from this letter that Wordsworth had gone over the poem
+with Coleridge, and that they had altered some passages "together"; that
+Coleridge had read a copy of it sent to the Beaumonts, doubtless at
+Dunmow in Essex; that he had thought of a plan by which the poem could
+be immensely improved, both by addition and subtraction; but that
+hearing from Wordsworth, or more probably from his sister Dorothy, that
+Charles Lamb had also criticised its structure, he gave up his intention
+of sending to his friend suggestions, which evidently implied a radical
+alteration of "the incidents and action" of the tale. It would have been
+extremely interesting to know how the author of _Christabel_ and _The
+Ancient Mariner_ proposed to recast _The White Doe of Rylstone_. It is,
+alas! impossible for posterity to know this, although it is not
+difficult to conjecture the line which the alterations would take.
+Wordsworth's genius was not great in construction, as in imagination;
+and he valued a story only as giving him a "point of departure" for a
+flight of fancy or of idealization. Early in 1808 he wrote to Walter
+Scott asking him for facts about the Norton family. Scott supplied him
+with them, and the following was Wordsworth's reply.
+
+                                        "GRASMERE, May 14, 1808.
+
+  "MY DEAR SCOTT--Thank you for the interesting particulars about
+  the Nortons. I like them much for their own sakes; but so far from
+  being serviceable to my poem, they would stand in the way of it,
+  as I have followed (as I was in duty bound to do) the traditionary
+  and common historic account. Therefore I shall say, in this case,
+  a plague upon your industrious antiquarians, that have put my fine
+  story to confusion."
+
+From the "advertisement" which Wordsworth prefixed to his edition of
+1815, I infer that the larger part of the poem was written at Stockton.
+In it he says that "the Poem of _The White Doe_ was composed at the
+close of the year" (1807). This is an illustration of the vague manner
+in which he was in the habit of assigning dates. The Fenwick note, and
+the evidence of his sister's letter, is conclusive; although the fact
+that _The Force of Prayer_--written in 1807--is called in the Fenwick
+note "an appendage to _The White Doe_," is further confirmation of the
+belief that the principal part of the latter poem was finished in 1807.
+All things considered, _The White Doe of Rylstone_ may be most
+conveniently placed after the poems belonging to the year 1807, and
+before those known to have been written in 1808; while _The Force of
+Prayer_ naturally follows it.
+
+The poem--first published in quarto in 1815--was scarcely altered in the
+editions of 1820, 1827, and 1832. In 1837, however, it was revised
+throughout, and in that year the text was virtually settled; the
+subsequent changes being few and insignificant, while those introduced
+in 1837 were numerous and important. A glance at the foot-notes will
+show that many passages were entirely rewritten in that year, and that a
+good many lines of the earlier text were altogether omitted. All the
+poems were subjected to minute revision in 1836-37; but few, if any,
+were more thoroughly recast, and improved, in that year than _The White
+Doe of Rylstone_. As a sample of the best kind of changes--where a new
+thought was added to the earlier text with admirable felicity--compare
+the lines in canto vii., as it stood in 1815, when the Lady Emily first
+saw the White Doe at the old Hall of Rylstone, after her terrible losses
+and desolation--
+
+      Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+      The promise in that speaking face,
+      And take this gift of Heaven with grace?
+
+with the additional thought conveyed in the version of 1837--
+
+      Lone Sufferer! will not she believe
+      The promise in that speaking face;
+      And welcome, as a gift of grace,
+      The saddest thought the Creature brings?
+
+In the "Reminiscences" of Wordsworth--written by the Hon. Mr. Justice
+Coleridge for the late Bishop of Lincoln's _Memoirs_ of his uncle--the
+following occurs. (See vol. ii. p. 311.) "His conversation was on
+critical subjects, arising out of his attempts to alter his poems. He
+said he considered _The White Doe_ as, in conception, the highest work
+he had ever produced. The mere physical action was all unsuccessful: but
+the true action of the poem was spiritual--the subduing of the will, and
+all inferior fancies, to the perfect purifying and spiritualizing of the
+intellectual nature; while the Doe, by connection with Emily, is raised
+as it were from its mere animal nature into something mysterious and
+saint-like. He said he should devote much labour to perfecting the
+execution of it in the mere business parts, in which, from anxiety 'to
+get on' with the more important parts, he was sensible that
+imperfections had crept in which gave the style a feebleness of
+character."
+
+From this conversation--which took place in 1836--it will be seen that
+Wordsworth knew very well that there were feeble passages in the earlier
+editions; and that, in the thorough revision which he gave to all his
+poems in 1836-37, this one was specially singled out for "much labour."
+The result is seen by a glance at the changes of the text.
+
+The notes appended by Wordsworth to the edition of 1815 explain some of
+the historical and topographical allusions in the poem. To these the
+following editorial notes may be added--
+
+
+      I. (See pp. 106, 107.)
+
+      _... Bolton's mouldering Priory._
+                    ...
+                      _... the tower
+      Is standing with a voice of power,_
+                    ...
+      _And in the shattered fabric's heart
+      Remaineth one protected part;
+      A Chapel, like a wild-bird's nest,
+      Closely embowered and trimly drest._
+
+In 1153, the canons of the Augustinian Priory at Embsay, near Skipton,
+were removed to Bolton, by William Fitz Duncan, and his wife, Cecilia de
+Romille, who granted it by charter in exchange for the Manors of Skibdem
+and Stretton. The establishment at Bolton consisted of a prior and about
+15 canons, over 200 persons (including servants and lay brethren) being
+supported at Bolton. During the Scottish raids of the fourteenth
+century, the prior and canons had frequently to retreat to Skipton for
+safety. In 1542 the site of the priory and demesnes were sold to Harry
+Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland. From the last Earl of Cumberland it
+passed to the second Earl of Cork, and then to the Devonshire family, to
+which it still belongs. The following is part of the excellent account
+of the Priory, given in Murray's _Yorkshire_:--
+
+  "The chief relic of the Priory is the church, the nave of which
+  after the Dissolution was retained as the chapel of this so-called
+  'Saxon-Cure.' This nave remains perfect, but the rest of the
+  church is in complete ruin. The lower walls of the choir are
+  Trans-Norman, and must have been built immediately after (if not
+  before) the removal from Embsay. The upper walls and windows (the
+  tracery of which is destroyed) are decorated. The nave is early
+  English, and decorated; and the original west front remains with
+  an elaborate Perpendicular front of excellent design, intended as
+  the base of a western tower, which was never finished.... The nave
+  (which has been restored under the direction of Crace)--the
+
+               "'One protected part
+      In the shattered fabric's heart,'
+
+  is Early English on the south side, and Decorated on the north....
+  At the end of the nave aisle, enclosed by a Perpendicular screen,
+  is a chantry, founded by the Mauleverers; and below it is the
+  vault, in which, according to tradition, the Claphams of Beamsley
+  and their ancestors the Mauleverers were interred upright--
+
+      "'Pass, pass who will, yon chantry door;
+      And, through the chink in the fractured floor
+      Look down, and see a griesly sight;
+      A vault where the bodies are buried upright!
+      There, face by face, and hand by hand,
+      The Claphams and Mauleverers stand.'
+
+  "Whitaker, however, could never see this 'griesly sight' through
+  the chink in the floor; and it is perhaps altogether traditional.
+  The ruined portion of the church is entirely Decorated, with the
+  exception of the lower walls of the choir. The transepts had
+  eastern aisles. The north transept is nearly perfect: the south
+  retains only its western wall, in which are two decorated windows.
+  The piers of a central tower remain; but at what period it was
+  destroyed, or if it was ever completed, is uncertain. The choir is
+  long and aisleless. Some fragments of tracery remain in the south
+  window, which was a very fine one. Below the window runs a
+  Transitional Norman arcade. Some portions of tomb-slabs remain in
+  the choir.... The church-yard lies on the north side of the ruins.
+  This has been made classic ground by Wordsworth's poem."
+
+
+      II. (See p. 118.)
+
+                     _... the shy recess
+      Of Barden's lowly quietness._
+
+Compare the poem _The Force of Prayer, or the Founding of Bolton
+Priory_, p. 204. Whitaker writes thus of the district of Upper
+Wharfedale at Barden. "Grey tower-like projections of rock, stained with
+the various hues of lichens, and hung with loose and streaming canopies
+of ling, start out at intervals." Before the restoration of Henry
+Clifford, the Shepherd-lord, to the estates of his ancestors--on the
+accession of Henry VII.--there was only a keeper's lodge or tower at
+Barden, "one of six which existed in different parts of Barden Forest.
+The Shepherd-lord, whose early life among the Cumberland Fells led him
+to seek quiet and retirement after his restoration, preferred Barden to
+his greater castles, and enlarged (or rather rebuilt) it so as to
+provide accommodation for a moderate train of attendants."
+
+
+      III. (See p. 121.)
+
+        _It was the time when England's Queen
+      Twelve years had reigned, a Sovereign dread;_
+                     ...
+      _But now the inly-working North
+      Was ripe to send its thousands forth,
+      A potent vassalage, to fight
+      In Percy's and in Neville's right_, etc.
+
+The circumstances which led to the Rising in the North, and the chief
+incidents of that unfortunate episode in English history, are traced in
+detail by Mr. Froude, in the fifty-third chapter of his _History of
+England_. They are also summarized, in a lecture on _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_, by the late Principal Shairp, in his _Aspects of Poetry_,
+from which the following passage is an extract (pp. 346-48).
+
+  "The incidents on which the _White Doe_ is founded belong to the
+  year 1569, the twelfth of Queen Elizabeth.
+
+  "It is well known that as soon as Queen Mary of Scotland was
+  imprisoned in England, she became the centre around which gathered
+  all the intrigues which were then on foot, not only in England but
+  throughout Catholic Europe, to dethrone the Protestant Queen
+  Elizabeth. Abroad, the Catholic world was collecting all its
+  strength to crush the heretical island. The bigot Pope, Pius V.,
+  with the dark intriguer, Philip II. of Spain, and the savage Duke
+  of Alva, were ready to pour their forces on the shores of England.
+
+  "At home, a secret negotiation for a marriage between Queen Mary
+  and the Duke of Norfolk had received the approval of many of the
+  chief English nobles. The Queen discovered the plot, threw Norfolk
+  and some of his friends into the Tower, and summoned Percy, Earl
+  of Northumberland, and Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, immediately
+  to appear at court. These two earls were known to be holding
+  secret communications with Mary, and longing to see the old faith
+  restored.
+
+  "On receiving the summons, Northumberland at once withdrew to
+  Brancepeth Castle, a stronghold of the Earl of Westmoreland.
+  Straightway all their vassals rose, and gathered round the two
+  great earls. The whole of the North was in arms. A proclamation
+  went forth that they intended to restore the ancient religion, to
+  settle the succession to the crown, and to prevent the destruction
+  of the old nobility. As they marched forward they were joined by
+  all the strength of the Yorkshire dales, and, among others, by a
+  gentleman of ancient name, Richard Norton, accompanied by eight
+  brave sons. He came bearing the common banner, called the Banner
+  of the Five Wounds, because on it was displayed the Cross with the
+  five wounds of our Lord. The insurgents entered Durham, tore the
+  Bible, caused mass to be said in the cathedral, and then set
+  forward as for York. Changing their purpose on the way, they
+  turned aside to lay siege to Barnard Castle, which was held by Sir
+  George Bowes for the Queen. While they lingered there for eleven
+  days, Sussex marched against them from York, and the earls, losing
+  heart, retired towards the Border, and disbanded their forces,
+  which were left to the vengeance of the enemy, while they
+  themselves sought refuge in Scotland. Northumberland, after a
+  confinement of several years in Loch Leven Castle, was betrayed by
+  the Scots to the English, and put to death. Westmoreland died an
+  exile in Flanders, the last of the ancient house of the Nevilles,
+  earls of Westmoreland. Norton, with his eight sons, fell into the
+  hands of Sussex, and all suffered death at York. It is the fate of
+  this ancient family on which Wordsworth's poem is founded."
+
+This statement as to the fate of Norton's sons, however, is not borne
+out by the historians. Mr. Froude says (_History of England_, chap. 53),
+"Two sons of old Norton and two of his brothers, after long and close
+cross-questioning in the Tower, were tried and convicted at Westminster.
+Two of these Nortons were afterwards pardoned. Two, one of whom was
+Christopher, the poor youth who had been bewildered by the fair eyes of
+the Queen of Scots at Bolton, were put to death at Tyburn, with the
+usual cruelties."
+
+
+      IV. (See p. 127.)
+
+      _For we must fall, both we and ours--
+      This Mansion and these pleasant bowers,
+      Walks, pools, and arbours, homestead, hall--
+      Our fate is theirs, will reach them all._
+
+Little now remains of Rylstone Hall but the site. "Some garden flowers
+still, as when Whitaker wrote, mark the site of the pleasaunce. The
+house fell into decay immediately after the attainder of the Nortons;
+and, with the estates here, remained in the hands of the Crown until the
+second year of James I., when they were granted to the Earl of
+Cumberland. Although Wordsworth makes the Nortons raise their famous
+banner here, they assembled their followers in fact at Ripon (November
+18, 1569), but their Rylstone tenants rose with them."
+
+
+      V. (See p. 137.)
+
+      _Until Lord Dacre with his power
+      From Naworth come; and Howard's aid
+      Be with them openly displayed._
+
+Naworth Castle, at the head of the vale of Llanercort, in the Gilsland
+district of Cumberland, was the seat of the Dacres from the reign of
+Edward III. George, Lord Dacre, the last heir-male of that family, was
+killed in 1559; and Lord William Howard (the third son of Thomas, Duke
+of Norfolk), who was made Warden of the Borders by Queen Elizabeth, and
+did much to introduce order and good government into the district,
+married the heiress of the Dacre family, and succeeded to the castle and
+estate of Naworth. The arms over the entrance of the castle are the
+Howard's and Dacre's quartered.
+
+
+      VI. (See p. 137.)
+
+      _... mitred Thurston--what a Host
+      He conquered!..._
+                      _... while to battle moved
+      The Standard, on the Sacred Wain
+      That bore it...._
+
+The Battle of the Standard was fought in 1137.
+
+  "One gleam of national glory broke the darkness of the time. King
+  David of Scotland stood first among the partizans of his kinswoman
+  Matilda, and on the accession of Stephen his army crossed the
+  border to enforce her claim. The pillage and cruelties of the wild
+  tribes of Galloway and the Highlands roused the spirit of the
+  north; baron and freeman gathered at York round Archbishop
+  Thurstan, and marched to the field of Northallerton to await the
+  foe. The sacred banners of St. Cuthbert of Durham, St. Peter of
+  York, St. John of Beverley, and St. Wilfrid of Ripon, hung from a
+  pole fixed in a four-wheeled car, which stood in the centre of the
+  host. 'I who wear no armour,' shouted the chief of the Galwegians,
+  'will go as far this day as any one with breastplate of mail;' his
+  men charged with wild shouts of 'Albin, Albin,' and were followed
+  by the Norman knighthood of the Lowlands. The rout, however, was
+  complete; the fierce hordes dashed in vain against the close
+  English ranks around the Standard, and the whole army fled in
+  confusion to Carlisle." (J. R. Green's _Short History of the
+  English People_, p. 99.)
+
+
+      VII. (See p. 153.)
+
+      _High on a point of rugged ground
+      Among the wastes of Rylstone Fell
+      Above the loftiest ridge or mound
+      Where foresters or shepherds dwell,
+      An edifice of warlike frame
+      Stands single--Norton Tower its name--
+      It fronts all quarters, and looks round
+      O'er path and road, and plain and dell,
+      Dark moor, and gleam of pool and stream
+      Upon a prospect without bound._
+
+  "Some mounds near the tower are thought to have been used as butts
+  for archers; and there are traces of a strong wall, running from
+  the tower to the edge of a deep glen, whence a ditch runs to
+  another ravine. This was once a pond, used by the Nortons for
+  detaining the red deer within the township of Rylstone, which they
+  asserted was not within the forest of Skipton, and consequently
+  that the Cliffords had no right to hunt therein. The Cliffords
+  eventually became lords of all the Norton lands here."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In January 1816, Wordsworth wrote thus to his friend Archdeacon
+Wrangham.
+
+  "Of _The White Doe_ I have little to say, but that I hope it will
+  be acceptable to the intelligent, for whom alone it is written. It
+  starts from a high point of imagination, and comes round, through
+  various wanderings of that faculty, to a still higher--nothing
+  less than the apotheosis of the animal who gives the first of the
+  two titles to the poem. And as the poem thus begins and ends with
+  pure and lofty imagination, every motive and impetus that actuates
+  the persons introduced is from the same source; a kindred spirit
+  pervades, and is intended to harmonise, the whole. Throughout
+  objects (the banner, for instance) derive their influence, not
+  from properties inherent in them, not from what they _are_
+  actually in themselves, but from such as are _bestowed_ upon them
+  by the minds of those who are conversant with, or affected by,
+  these objects. Thus the poetry, if there be any in the work,
+  proceeds, as it ought to do, from the _soul of man_, communicating
+  its creative energies to the images of the external world."
+
+The following is from a letter to Southey in the same year:--"Do you
+know who reviewed _The White Doe_ in the 'Quarterly'? After having
+asserted that Mr. W. uses his words without any regard to their sense,
+the writer says that on no other principle can he explain that Emily is
+_always_ called 'the consecrated Emily.' Now, the name Emily occurs just
+fifteen times in the poem; and out of these fifteen, the epithet is
+attached to it _once_, and that for the express purpose of recalling the
+scene in which she had been consecrated by her brother's solemn
+adjuration, that she would fulfil her destiny, and become a soul,
+
+      "'By force of sorrows high
+      Uplifted to the purest sky
+      Of undisturbed mortality.'
+
+The point upon which the whole moral interest of the piece hinges, when
+that speech is closed, occurs in this line,--
+
+      "'He kissed the consecrated Maid;'
+
+And to bring back this to the reader, I repeated the epithet."
+
+In a letter to Wordsworth about _The Waggoner_, Charles Lamb wrote, June
+7, 1819, "I re-read _The White Doe of Rylstone_; the title should be
+always written at length, as Mary Sabilla Novello, a very nice woman of
+our acquaintance, always signs hers at the bottom of the shortest
+note.... Manning had just sent it home, and it came as fresh to me as
+the immortal creature it speaks of. M. sent it home with a note, having
+this passage in it: 'I cannot help writing to you while I am reading
+Wordsworth's poem.... 'Tis broad, noble, poetical, with a masterly
+scanning of human actions, absolutely above common readers.'" (See _The
+Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. pp. 25, 26.)
+
+Henry Crabb Robinson's judgment, as given in his _Diary_, June 1815, is
+interesting. (See vol. i. p. 484.)
+
+The following is from Principal Shairp's estimate of _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_ in his Oxford Lectures, _Aspects of Poetry_ (chapter xii. pp.
+373-76). "What is it that gives to it" (the poem) "its chief power and
+charm? Is it not the imaginative use which the poet has made of the
+White Doe? With her appearance the poem opens, with her re-appearance it
+closes. And the passages in which she is introduced are radiant with the
+purest light of poetry. A mere floating tradition she was, which the
+historian of Craven had preserved. How much does the poet bring out of
+how little! It was a high stroke of genius to seize on this slight
+traditionary incident, and make it the organ of so much. What were the
+objects which he had to describe and blend into one harmonious whole.
+They were these:
+
+"1. The last expiring gleam of feudal chivalry, ending in the ruin of an
+ancient race, and the desolation of an ancestral home.
+
+"2. The sole survivor, purified and exalted by the sufferings she had to
+undergo.
+
+"3. The pathos of the decaying sanctities of Bolton, after wrong and
+outrage, abandoned to the healing of nature and time.
+
+"4. Lastly, the beautiful scenery of pastoral Wharfdale, and of the
+fells around Bolton, which blend so well with these affecting memories.
+
+"All these were before him--they had melted into his imagination, and
+waited to be woven into one harmonious creation. He takes the White Doe,
+and makes her the exponent, the symbol, the embodiment of them all. The
+one central aim--to represent the beatification of the heroine--how was
+this to be attained? Had it been a drama, the poet would have made the
+heroine give forth in speeches, her hidden mind and character. But this
+was a romantic narrative. Was the poet to make her soliloquise, analyse
+her own feelings, lay bare her heart in metaphysical monologue? This
+might have been done by some modern poets, but it was not Wordsworth's
+way of exhibiting character, reflective though he was. When he analyses
+feelings they are generally his own, not those of his characters. To
+shadow forth that which is invisible, the sanctity of Emily's chastened
+soul, he lays hold of this sensible image--a creature, the purest, most
+innocent, most beautiful in the whole realm of nature--and makes her the
+vehicle in which he embodies the saintliness which is a thing invisible.
+It is the hardest of all tasks to make spiritual things sensuous,
+without degrading them. I know not where this difficulty has been more
+happily met; for we are made to feel that, before the poem closes, the
+Doe has ceased to be a mere animal, or a physical creature at all, but
+in the light of the poet's imagination, has been transfigured into a
+heavenly apparition--a type of all that is pure, and affecting, and
+saintly. And not only the chastened soul of her mistress, but the
+beautiful Priory of Bolton, the whole Vale of Wharfe, and all the
+surrounding scenery, are illumined by the glory which she makes; her
+presence irradiates them all with a beauty and an interest more than the
+eye discovers. Seen through her as an imaginative transparency, they
+become spiritualized; in fact, she and they alike become the symbol and
+expression of the sentiment which pervades the poem--a sentiment broad
+and deep as the world. And yet, any one who visits these scenes, in a
+mellow autumnal day, will feel that she is no alien or adventitious
+image, imported by the caprice of the poet, but altogether native to the
+place, one which gathers up and concentrates all the undefined spirit
+and sentiment which lie spread around it. She both glorifies the scenery
+by her presence, and herself seems to be a natural growth of the
+scenery, so that it finds in her its most appropriate utterance. This
+power of imagination to divine and project the very corporeal image
+which suits and expresses the image of a scene, Wordsworth has many
+times shown....
+
+"And so the poem has no definite end, but passes off, as it were, into
+the illimitable. It rises out of the perturbations of time and
+transitory things, and, passing upward itself, takes our thoughts with
+it to calm places and eternal sunshine."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... born of heavenly birth,                        1815.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1815.
+
+[4] 1820.
+
+      ... of the crystal Wharf,                          1815.
+
+[5] 1837.
+
+      A rural Chapel, neatly drest,
+      In covert like a little nest;                      1815.
+
+[6] 1837.
+
+      And faith and hope are in their prime,             1815.
+
+[7]
+
+      And right across the verdant sod
+      Towards the very house of God;
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[8] 1837.
+
+      A gift ...                                         1815.
+
+[9] 1837.
+
+      Is through ...                                     1815.
+
+[10] 1837.
+
+                       ... she no less
+      To the open day gives blessedness.                 1815.
+
+[11] 1837.
+
+                   ... hand of healing,--
+      The altar, whence the cross was rent,
+      Now rich with mossy ornament,--
+      The dormitory's length laid bare,
+      Where the wild-rose blossoms fair;
+      And sapling ash, whose place of birth
+      Is that lordly chamber's hearth?                   1815.
+
+      For altar, ...                                     1827.
+
+      Or dormitory's length ...                          1827.
+
+[12] 1837.
+
+      Methinks she passeth by the sight,                 1815.
+
+[13] 1827.
+
+      And in this way she fares, till at last            1815.
+
+[14] 1845.
+
+      Gently ...                                         1815.
+
+[15] 1837.
+
+      Like the river in its flowing;
+      Can there be a softer sound?                       1815.
+
+[16] 1837.
+
+      --When now again the people rear
+      A voice of praise, with awful chear!               1815.
+
+[17] 1837.
+
+      Turn, with obeisance gladly paid,
+      Towards the spot, where, full in view,
+      The lovely Doe of whitest hue,                     1815.
+
+[18]
+
+        This whisper soft repeats what he
+      Had known from early infancy.
+
+    In the editions of 1815 to 1832 the paragraph begins with these
+    lines.
+
+[19] 1837.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1815.
+
+[20] 1837.
+
+      Who in his youth had often fed                     1815.
+
+      ... hath ...                                       1827.
+
+[21] 1837.
+
+      And lately hath brought home the scars
+      Gathered in long and distant wars--                1815.
+
+[22] 1837.
+
+      ... hath mounted ...                               1815.
+
+[23] 1837.
+
+                          ... when God's grace
+      At length had in her heart found place,            1815.
+
+[24] 1837.
+
+      Well may her thoughts be harsh; for she
+      Numbers among her ancestry                         1815.
+
+[25] 1827.
+
+      ... Cumbria's ...                                  1815.
+
+[26] 1837.
+
+      ... humble ...                                     1815.
+
+[27] 1837.
+
+                        ... through strong desire
+      Searching the earth with chemic fire:              1815.
+
+[28] These two lines were added in the edition of 1837.
+
+[29] 1837.
+
+      By busy dreams, and fancies wild;                  1815.
+
+[30] 1840.
+
+      Thou hast breeze-like visitings;
+      For a Spirit with angel wings
+      Hath touched thee, ...                             1815.
+
+      A Spirit, with angelic wings,
+      In soft and breeze-like visitings,
+      Has touched thee-- ...                             1837.
+
+      A Spirit, with his angelic wings,                     C.
+
+[31] 1827.
+
+      ... --'twas She who wrought                        1815.
+
+[32] 1837.
+
+      ... the ...                                        1815.
+
+[33] 1837.
+
+      ... one that did fulfil                            1815.
+
+[34] 1837.
+
+      ... (such was the command)                         1815.
+
+[35] 1845.
+
+      To be by force of arms renewed;
+      Glad prospect for the multitude!                   1815.
+
+      To be triumphantly restored;
+      By the dread justice of the sword!                 1820.
+
+[36] 1827.
+
+      This ...                                           1815.
+
+[37] 1827.
+
+      ... blissful ...                                   1815.
+
+[38] 1837.
+
+      Loud noise was in the crowded hall,                1815.
+
+[39] 1837.
+
+      ... which had a dying fall,                        1815.
+
+[40] 1837.
+
+      And on ...                                         1815.
+
+[41] 1820.
+
+      ... wet ...                                        1815.
+
+[42] 1837.
+
+      Then seized the staff, and thus did say:           1815.
+
+[43] 1837.
+
+        Forth when Sire and Sons appeared
+      A gratulating shout was reared,
+      With din ...                                       1815.
+
+[44] 1837.
+
+      --A shout ...                                      1815.
+
+[45] 1837.
+
+      And, when he waked at length, his eye              1815.
+
+[46]
+
+      Oh! hide them from each other, hide,
+      Kind Heaven, this pair severely tried!
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[47]
+
+      How could he chuse but shrink or sigh?
+      He shrunk, and muttered inwardly,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[48] 1837.
+
+        He paused, her silence to partake,
+      And long it was before he spake:
+      Then, all at once, his thoughts turned round,      1815.
+
+[49] 1837.
+
+      ... were beloved,                                  1815.
+
+[50] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[51] 1827.
+
+      Was He, ...                                        1815.
+
+[52] 1820.
+
+      I, in the right ...                                1815.
+
+[53] 1827.
+
+      ... to stand against ...                           1815.
+
+[54] 1837.
+
+      Thee, chiefly thee, ...                            1815.
+
+[55] 1837.
+
+      The last leaf which by heaven's decree
+      Must hang upon a blasted tree;                     1815.
+
+[56] 1827.
+
+      ... we have breathed ...                           1815.
+
+[57] 1837.
+
+      ... he pursued,                                    1815.
+
+[58] 1837.
+
+      Now joy for you and sudden chear,
+      Ye Watchmen upon Brancepeth Towers;
+      Looking forth in doubt and fear,                   1815.
+
+[59] 1837.
+
+      Forthwith the armed Company                        1815.
+
+[60] 1837.
+
+      ... hail ...                                       1815.
+
+[61] 1837.
+
+      ... the mildest birth,                             1815.
+
+[62]
+
+      With tumult and indignant rout
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 to 1832.
+
+[63] 1827.
+
+      Came Foot and Horse-men of each degree,            1815.
+
+[64] 1827.
+
+      And the Romish Priest, ...                         1815.
+
+[65] 1827.
+
+      But none for undisputed worth                      1815.
+
+[66] 1815.
+
+      Like those eight Sons--embosoming
+      Determined thoughts--who, in a ring                1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[67] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[68]  In youthful beauty flourishing,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815 and 1820.
+
+[69] 1837.
+
+      --With feet that firmly pressed the ground
+      They stood, and girt their Father round;
+      Such was his choice,--no Steed will he             1815.
+
+[70] 1845.
+
+      He stood upon the verdant sod,                     1815.
+
+      ... grassy sod,                                    1820.
+
+[71] 1837.
+
+      ... higher ...                                     1815.
+
+[72] 1827.
+
+      Rich ...                                           1815.
+
+[73] 1837.
+
+      ... --many see, ...                                1815.
+
+[74] 1837.
+
+      ... these ...                                      1815.
+
+[75] 1837.
+
+      ... on ...                                         1815.
+
+[76] 1837.
+
+      He takes this day ...                              1815.
+
+[77] 1837.
+
+      Stretched out upon the ground he lies,--
+      As if it were his only task
+      Like Herdsman in the sun to bask,                  1815.
+
+[78] 1820.
+
+      That he ...                                        1815.
+
+[79] 1837.
+
+      And Neville was opprest with fear;
+      For, though he bore a valiant name,
+      His heart was of a timid frame,                    1815.
+
+[80] 1837.
+
+      And therefore will retreat to seize                1815.
+
+[81] 1837.
+
+      ... comes; ...                                     1815.
+
+[82] 1837.
+
+      ... giving ...                                     1815.
+
+[83] 1837.
+
+      --How often hath the strength of heaven            1815.
+
+[84] 1837.
+
+               ... on the sacred wain,
+      On which the grey-haired Barons stood,
+      And the infant Heir of Mowbray's blood.
+      Beneath the saintly Ensigns three,
+      Their confidence and victory!                      1815.
+
+      Stood confident of victory!                        1820.
+
+[85] 1837.
+
+      When, as the Vision gave command,
+      The Prior of Durham with holy hand
+      Saint Cuthbert's Relic did uprear
+      Upon the point of a lofty spear,
+      And God descended in his power,
+      While the Monks prayed in Maiden's Bower.          1815.
+
+[86] 1837.
+
+                             ... and uphold."--
+      --The Chiefs were by his zeal confounded,          1815.
+
+[87] 1837.
+
+      ... raised so joyfully,                            1815.
+
+[88] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[89] 1837.
+
+      ... frail ...                                      1815.
+
+[90] 1827.
+
+      --So speaking, he upraised his head
+      Towards that Imagery once more;                    1815.
+
+[91] 1827.
+
+      Blank fear, ...                                    1815.
+
+[92] 1837.
+
+      She did in passiveness obey,                       1815.
+
+[93] 1837.
+
+      Her Brother was it who assailed
+      Her tender spirit and prevailed.
+      Her other Parent, too, whose head                  1815.
+
+[94] 1837.
+
+      From reason's earliest dawn beguiled
+      The docile, unsuspecting Child:                    1815.
+
+[95] 1837.
+
+                         ... music sweet
+      Was played to chear them in retreat;
+      But Norton lingered in the rear:
+      Thought followed thought--and ere the last
+      Of that unhappy train was past,
+      Before him Francis did appear.                     1815.
+
+[96] 1837.
+
+        "Now when 'tis not your aim to oppose,"
+      Said he, "in open field your Foes;
+      Now that from this decisive day
+      Your multitude must melt away,
+      An unarmed Man may come unblamed;
+      To ask a grace, that was not claimed
+      Long as your hopes were high, he now
+      May hither bring a fearless brow;
+      When his discountenance can do
+      No injury,--may come to you.
+      Though in your cause no part I bear,
+      Your indignation I can share;
+      Am grieved this backward march to see,
+      How careless and disorderly!
+      I scorn your Chieftains, Men who lead,
+      And yet want courage at their need;
+      Then look at them with open eyes!
+      Deserve they further sacrifice?
+      My Father!..."                                     1815.
+
+[97] 1837.
+
+       ... remains ...                                   1815.
+
+[98] 1837.
+
+      At length, the issue of this prayer?
+      Or how, from his depression raised,
+      The Father on his Son had gazed;                   1815.
+
+[99] 1845.
+
+      Suffice it that the Son gave way,
+      Nor strove that passion to allay,                  1815.
+
+[100] 1837.
+
+      The like endeavours                                1815.
+
+[101] 1837.
+
+      From cloudless ether looking down,
+      The Moon, this tranquil evening, sees              1815.
+
+[102] 1837.
+
+                         ... with moors between,
+      Hill-tops, and floods, and forests green,          1815.
+
+[103] 1827.
+
+      The silver smoke, and mounts in wreaths.           1815.
+
+[104] 1827.
+
+      Had ...                                            1815.
+
+[105] 1837.
+
+      The same fair Creature which was nigh
+      Feeding in tranquillity,
+      When Francis uttered to the Maid                   1815.
+
+      ... who was nigh                                   1820.
+
+[106] Lines 40-43 were added in 1837.
+
+[107] 1836.
+
+        But where at this still hour is she,
+      The consecrated Emily?
+      Even while I speak, behold the Maid
+      Emerging from the cedar shade                      1815.
+
+[108] In the editions of 1815 to 1832, the paragraph ends with
+this line. The remaining nine lines in these editions are added to the
+following paragraph.
+
+[109] 1837.
+
+        Yet the meek Creature was not free,
+      Erewhile, from some perplexity:
+      For thrice hath she approached, this day,
+      The thought-bewildered Emily;
+      Endeavouring, in her gentle way,
+      Some smile or look of love to gain,--
+      Encouragement to sport or play;
+      Attempts which by the unhappy Maid
+      Have all been slighted or gainsaid.                1815.
+
+[110] 1837.
+
+      --O welcome to the viewless breeze!
+      'Tis fraught with acceptable feeling,
+      And instantaneous sympathies
+      Into the Sufferer's bosom stealing;--
+      Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed               1815.
+
+      Yet is she soothed: the viewless breeze
+      Comes fraught with kindlier sympathies:
+      Ere she hath reached yon rustic Shed               1827.
+
+      Ere she had reached ...                            1832.
+
+[111] 1837.
+
+      Revives ...                                        1815.
+
+[112] 1837.
+
+      ... --'tis that bless'd Saint                      1815.
+
+[113] 1837.
+
+      Thou Spirit ...                                    1815.
+
+[114] 1837.
+
+      Descend on Francis:--through the air
+      Of this sad earth to him repair,
+      Speak to him with a voice, and say,
+      "That he must cast despair away!"                  1815.
+
+[115] _Italics_ and capitals were first used in the edition of 1820.
+
+[116] 1837.
+
+      --She knows, she feels it, and is cheared;
+      At least her present pangs are checked.            1815.
+
+[117] 1837.
+
+      --And now an ancient Man appeared,
+      Approaching her with grave respect.
+      Down the smooth walk which then she trod
+      He paced along the silent sod,
+      And greeting her thus gently spake,                1815.
+
+      --But now ...                                      1827.
+
+[118] 1837.
+
+      In friendship;--go--from him--from me--
+      Strive to avert this misery.                       1815.
+
+[119] 1837.
+
+      --If prudence offer help or aid,
+      On _you_ is no restriction laid;                   1815.
+
+[120] 1837.
+
+        "Hope," said the Sufferer's zealous Friend,
+      "Must not forsake us till the end.--               1815.
+
+[121] 1837.
+
+      ... may have the skill ...                         1815.
+
+[122] 1837.
+
+      Their flight the fair Moon may not see;
+      For, from mid-heaven, already she                  1815.
+
+[123] 1837.
+
+      ... haughty ...                                    1815.
+
+[124] _Italics_ were first used in 1837.
+
+[125] 1837.
+
+      ... to the cause.                                  1815.
+
+[126] 1837.
+
+      They shout aloud--but Heaven decreed
+                 Another close
+                 To that brave deed
+      Which struck ...                                   1815.
+
+[127] 1820.
+
+      ... spreads ...                                    1815.
+
+[128] 1820.
+
+      ... and as seldom free                             1815.
+
+[129] 1820.
+
+      And from the heat of the noon-tide sun,            1815.
+
+[130] 1837.
+
+      They to the Watch-tower did repair,
+      Commodious Pleasure-house! and there               1815.
+
+[131] 1837.
+
+      He was the proudest ...                            1815.
+
+[132]
+
+      Dead are they, they were doomed to die;
+      The Sons and Father all are dead,
+      All dead save One; and Emily
+      No more shall seek this Watch-tower high,
+      To look far forth with anxious eye,--
+      She is relieved from hope and dread,
+      Though suffering in extremity.
+
+    Inserted only in the edition of 1815.
+
+[133] _Italics_ were first used in 1820.
+
+[134] 1837. In the editions of 1815-32 the following passage took the
+place of this line:--
+
+        She turned to him, who with his eye
+      Was watching her while on the height
+      She sate, or wandered restlessly,
+      O'erburdened by her sorrow's weight;
+      To him who this dire news had told,
+      And now beside the Mourner stood;
+
+[135] 1837.
+
+      Then on this place the Maid had sought:
+      And told, as gently as could be,
+      The end of that sad Tragedy,                       1815.
+
+[136] These two lines were added in 1827.
+
+[137] 1827.
+
+      ... the people cried,                              1815.
+
+[138] 1837.
+
+      For sake of ...                                    1815.
+
+[139] 1837.
+
+      He rose not in this quarrel, he
+      His Father and his Brothers wooed,
+      Both for their own and Country's good,
+      To rest in peace--he did divide,                   1815.
+
+[140] 1820.
+
+      To scatter gleams ...                              1815.
+
+[141] 1837.
+
+               ... of ancient love,
+      But most, compassion for your fate,
+      Lady! for your forlorn estate,
+      Me did these move, and I made bold,
+      And entrance gained to that strong-hold.           1815.
+
+               ... of ancient love;
+      And, in your service, I made bold--
+      And entrance gained to that strong-hold.           1820.
+
+[142] 1837.
+
+              ... 'We need not stop, my Son!
+      But I will end what is begun;
+      'Tis matter which I do not fear
+      To entrust to any living ear.'                     1815.
+
+[143] 1820.
+
+      Had seen ...                                       1815.
+
+[144] 1837.
+
+      Glad ...                                           1815.
+
+[145] 1837.
+
+      ... be not ...                                     1815.
+
+[146] 1837.
+
+      ... beauteous ...                                  1815.
+
+[147] 1837.
+
+        Then Francis answered fervently,
+      "If God so will, the same shall be."               1815.
+
+[148] 1837.
+
+      Immediately, this solemn word                      1815.
+
+[149] 1837.
+
+                      ... had reached the door,
+      The Banner which a Soldier bore,
+      One marshalled thus with base intent
+      That he in scorn might go before,
+      And, holding up this monument,                     1815.
+
+[150] 1837.
+
+      ... that were round                                1815.
+
+[151] 1837.
+
+      This insult, and the Banner saved,
+      That moment, from among the tide                   1815.
+
+[152] 1837.
+
+      Bore unobserved ...                                1815.
+
+[153] 1820.
+
+      ... to encourage ...                               1815.
+
+[154] 1837.
+
+      "Yet, yet in this affliction," said
+      The old Man to the silent Maid,
+      "Yet, Lady! heaven is good--the night
+      Shews yet a Star which is most bright;             1815.
+
+[155] 1837.
+
+      Why comes not Francis?--Joyful chear
+      In that parental gratulation,
+      And glow of righteous indignation,
+      Went with him from the doleful City:--
+      He fled--yet in his flight could hear
+      The death-sound of the Minster-bell;               1815.
+
+[156] 1837.
+
+      With motion fleet as winged Dove;                  1815.
+
+      ... as a winged Dove;                              1832.
+
+[157] 1837.
+
+      An Angel-guest, should he appear.                  1815.
+
+[158] 1837.
+
+      Along the plain of York he passed;
+      The Banner-staff was in his hand,
+      The Imagery concealed from sight,
+      And cross the expanse, in open flight,
+      Reckless of what impels or leads,
+      Unchecked he hurries on;--nor heeds
+      The sorrow of the Villages;
+      From the triumphant cruelties                      1815.
+
+      Spread by triumphant cruelties                     1827.
+
+      The sorrow through the Villages,                   1832.
+
+[159] 1827.
+
+      And punishment without remorse,
+      Unchecked he journies--under law
+      Of inward occupation strong;
+      And the first ...                                  1815.
+
+[160] 1837.
+
+                     ... did he maintain
+      Within himself, and found no rest;
+      Calm liberty he could not gain;
+      And yet the service was unblest.                   1815.
+
+[161] 1820.
+
+      Raised self-suspicion which was strong,
+      Swaying the brave Man to his wrong:                1815.
+
+[162] 1837.
+
+      Of all-disposing Providence,
+      Its will intelligibly shewn,
+      Finds he the Banner in his hand,
+      Without a thought to such intent,
+      Or conscious effort of his own?
+      And no obstruction to prevent
+      His Father's wish and last command!
+      And, thus beset, he heaved a sigh;
+      Remembering his own prophecy
+      Of utter desolation, made
+      To Emily in the yew-tree shade:
+      He sighed, submitting to the power,
+      The might of that prophetic hour.                  1815.
+
+[163] 1837.
+
+           ... and, on the second day,
+      He reached a summit whence his eyes                1815.
+
+[164] 1837.
+
+      How Francis had the Banner claimed,
+      And with that charge had disappeared;              1815.
+
+[165] 1837.
+
+      Behold the Ensign in his hand!                     1815.
+
+[166] 1837.
+
+                      ... freight I bear;
+      It weakens me, my heart hath bled
+      Till it is weak--but you beware,
+      Nor do ...                                         1815.
+
+[167] 1837.
+
+      Which ...                                          1815.
+
+[168] 1820.
+
+      ... with a Warrior's brow                          1815.
+
+[169] 1845.
+
+                       ... had snatched
+      A spear,--and with his eyes he watched
+      Their motions, turning round and round:--
+      His weaker hand the Banner held;
+      And straight by savage zeal impelled
+      Forth rushed a Pikeman, as if he,
+      Not without harsh indignity,
+      Would seize the same:--instinctively--
+      To smite the Offender--with his lance
+      Did Francis from the brake advance;
+      But, from behind, a treacherous wound
+      Unfeeling, brought him to the ground,
+      A mortal stroke:--oh, grief to tell!
+      Thus, thus, the noble Francis fell:
+      There did he lie of breath forsaken;
+      The Banner from his grasp was taken,
+      And borne exultingly away;
+      And the Body was left on the ground where it lay.  1815.
+
+      But not before the warm life-blood
+      Had tinged with searching overflow,
+      More deeply tinged the embroidered show
+      Of His whose side was pierced upon the Rood!       1837.
+
+    The text of 1837 is otherwise identical with the final version of
+    1845.
+
+[170] These two lines were added in 1837.
+
+[171] 1837.
+
+        Two days, as many nights, he slept
+      Alone, unnoticed, and unwept;
+      For at that time distress and fear
+      Possessed the Country far and near;
+      The third day, One, who chanced to pass,
+      Beheld him stretched upon the grass.
+      A gentle Forester was he,
+      And of the Norton Tenantry;
+      And he had heard that by a Train
+      Of Horsemen Francis had been slain.
+      Much was he troubled--for the Man
+      Hath recognized his pallid face;
+      And to the nearest Huts he ran,
+      And called the People to the place.
+      --How desolate is Rylstone-hall!
+      Such was the instant thought of all;
+      And if the lonely Lady there
+      Should be, this sight she cannot bear!
+      Such thought the Forester express'd,
+      And all were swayed, and deemed it best
+      That, if the Priest should yield assent
+      And join himself to their intent,                  1815.
+
+[172] 1837.
+
+      That straightway ...                               1815.
+
+[173] 1840.
+
+                      ... on a bier
+      In decency and humble chear;
+      And psalms are sung with holy sound.               1815.
+
+      And psalms they sung--a holy sound
+      That hill and vale with sadness hear.              1837.
+
+[174] 1827.
+
+      Tow'rds ...                                        1815.
+
+[175] 1820.
+
+      ... deep ...                                       1815.
+
+[176] 1820.
+
+      ... calm ...                                       1815.
+
+[177] 1845.
+
+      The walks and pools neglect hath sown              1815.
+
+[178] 1837.
+
+      There is ...                                       1815.
+
+[179]
+
+      There seated, may this Maid be seen,
+
+    Inserted in the editions of 1815-1832.
+
+[180] 1827.
+
+      ... has ...                                        1815.
+
+[181] 1837.
+
+      For, of that band of rushing Deer,                 1815.
+
+[182] 1837.
+
+      ... its ...                                        1815.
+
+      ... his ...                                        1832.
+
+[183] 1837.
+
+                       ... and more near,
+      Stopped once again;--but, as no trace
+      Was found of any thing to fear,
+      Even to her feet the Creature came,                1815.
+
+[184] 1837.
+
+      ... choicest ...                                   1815.
+
+[185] 1837.
+
+      For both a bounteous, fruitful meeting.            1815.
+
+[186] 1837.
+
+      And take this gift of Heaven with grace?           1815.
+
+[187] This line was added in 1837.
+
+[188] 1837.
+
+      ... this ...                                       1815.
+
+[189] 1837.
+
+      ... was there ...                                  1815.
+
+[190] 1837.
+
+      Did she behold--saw once again;                    1815.
+
+[191] 1837.
+
+      So doth the Sufferer deem it good
+      Even once again this neighbourhood                 1815.
+
+[192] 1827.
+
+      ... writhed                                        1815.
+
+[193] 1837.
+
+      ... kindly ...                                     1815.
+
+[194] 1827.
+
+      ... as the whitest ...                             1815.
+
+[195] 1815.
+
+      ... through an ...                                 1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[196] 1837.
+
+      Did now a very gladness yield
+      At morning to the dewy field,
+      While they side by side were straying,
+      And the Shepherd's pipe was playing;               1815.
+
+[197] 1837.
+
+      ... wandering ...                                  1815.
+
+[198] 1845.
+
+      Mild, delicious melancholy:                        1815.
+
+[199] 1837.
+
+      Up doth she climb to Norton Tower,
+      And thence looks round her far and wide.
+      Her fate there measures,--all is stilled,--
+      The feeble hath subdued her heart;                 1815.
+
+[200] 1837.
+
+      This single Creature ...                           1815.
+
+[201] 1837.
+
+      So beautiful the spotless Thrall,
+      (A lovely Youngling white as foam,)
+      That it was brought to Rylstone-hall;
+      Her youngest Brother led it home,
+      The youngest, then a lusty Boy,
+      Brought home the prize--and with what joy!         1815.
+
+[202] 1827.
+
+      Nor did she fear in the still moonshine            1815.
+
+      ... in still moonshine                             1820.
+
+[203] 1837.
+
+      For that she came; there oft and long
+      She sate in meditation strong:                     1815.
+
+[204] 1820.
+
+      ... her ...                                        1815.
+
+[205] 1837.
+
+      That ...                                           1815.
+
+[206] 1837.
+
+      ... we frame, ...                                  1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is the final form of the "Advertisement" to _The White Doe of
+Rylstone_. The variations from it, which occur in earlier editions, from
+1815 onwards, need not be noted. The poem was placed in the 1820 edition
+in volume iii., in 1827 in volume iv., in 1832 in volume iii., and in
+1836-37 and afterwards in volume iv. of the Collected Works.--ED.
+
+[B] _I.e._, in the small bower in the orchard of Dove Cottage,
+Grasmere.--ED.
+
+[C] Compare _The Faerie Queene_, book I. canto i. stanza iv. l. 9--
+
+      And by her, in a line, a milkewhite lambe she lad.   ED.
+
+[D] See _The Faerie Queene_, book I. canto viii. stanza xliv. l. 9--
+
+      That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men.   ED.
+
+[E] The above extract, which, in 1837 and subsequent editions, follows
+the Dedication of the poem to Mrs. Wordsworth, is taken from the tragedy
+of _The Borderers_, act III. line 405 (vol. i. p. 187). In the prefatory
+note to _The Borderers_--published in 1842--Wordsworth says he would not
+have made use of these lines in _The White Doe of Rylstone_ if he could
+have foreseen the time when he would be induced to publish the tragedy.
+It is signed M. S. in the 1837-43 editions.
+
+In a note to the edition of 1837, he says, "'Action is transitory,' etc.
+This and the five lines that follow were either read or recited by me,
+more than thirty years since, to the late Mr. Hazlitt, who quoted some
+expressions in them (imperfectly remembered) in a work of his published
+several years ago."
+
+In the quarto edition of 1815 the following lines precede the extract
+from Lord Bacon; and in the edition of 1820 they follow it. In 1827 they
+were transferred to the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."
+
+      _"Weak is the will of Man, his judgement blind;
+      Remembrance persecutes, and Hope betrays;
+      Heavy is woe;--and joy, for human kind,
+      A mournful thing, so transient is the blaze!"--
+      Thus might he paint our lot of mortal days
+      Who wants the glorious faculty, assigned
+      To elevate the more-than-reasoning Mind,
+      And colour life's dark cloud with orient rays.
+      Imagination is that sacred power,
+      Imagination lofty and refined:
+      'Tis her's to pluck the amaranthine Flower
+      Of Faith, and round the Sufferer's temples bind
+      Wreaths that endure affliction's heaviest shower,
+      And do not shrink from sorrow's keenest wind._       ED.
+
+[F] See his _Essays_, XVI., "Of Atheism." Wordsworth's quotation is not
+quite accurate.--ED.
+
+[G] It is to be regretted that at the present day Bolton Abbey wants
+this ornament: but the Poem, according to the imagination of the Poet,
+is composed in Queen Elizabeth's time. "Formerly," says Dr. Whitaker,
+"over the Transept was a tower. This is proved not only from the mention
+of bells at the Dissolution, when they could have had no other place,
+but from the pointed roof of the choir, which must have terminated
+westward, in some building of superior height to the ridge."--W. W.
+1815.
+
+[H] See note I. at the end of the poem, p. 196.--ED.
+
+[I] See note I. at the end of the poem, p. 196.--ED.
+
+[J] The Nave of the Church having been reserved at the Dissolution, for
+the use of the Saxon Cure, is still a parochial Chapel; and, at this
+day, is as well kept as the neatest English Cathedral.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[K] "At a small distance from the great gateway stood the Prior's Oak,
+which was felled about the year 1720, and sold for 70_l._ According to
+the price of wood at that time, it could scarcely have contained less
+than 1400 feet of timber."--W. W. 1815.
+
+This note is quoted from Whitaker.--ED.
+
+The place where this Oak tree grew is uncertain. Whitaker says it stood
+"at a small distance from the great gateway." This old entrance or
+gateway to the Abbey was through a part of the modern and now inhabited
+structure of Bolton Hall, under the Tower; and the old sexton at the
+Abbey told me that the tree stood near that gateway, at some distance
+from the ruins of the Abbey.--ED.
+
+[L] Of Wharfedale at Bolton, Henry Crabb Robinson says, in his _Diary_
+(September 1818), "This valley has been very little adorned, and it
+needs no other accident to grace it than sunshine."--ED.
+
+[M] Compare the lines in the sonnet _At Furness Abbey_ (composed in
+1844)--
+
+      A soothing spirit follows in the way
+      That Nature takes, her counter-work pursuing.        ED.
+
+[N] Roses still grow plentifully among the ruins, although they are not
+abundant in the district.--ED.
+
+[O] This is not topographical. No "warrior carved in stone" is now to be
+seen among the ruins of Bolton Abbey, whatever may have been the case in
+1807; nor can Francis Norton's grave be discovered in the Abbey
+grounds.--ED.
+
+[P] The detail of this tradition may be found in Dr. Whitaker's book,
+and in the Poem, _The Force of Prayer_, etc. [p. 204].--W. W. 1815.
+
+[Q] Compare _The Boy of Egremond_, by Samuel Rogers.--ED.
+
+[R] "At the East end of the North aisle of Bolton Priory Church is a
+chantry belonging to Bethmesly Hall, and a vault, where, according to
+tradition, the Claphams" (who inherited this estate, by the female line
+from the Mauliverers) "were interred upright." John de Clapham, of whom
+this ferocious act is recorded, was a name of great note in his time;
+"he was a vehement partisan of the House of Lancaster, in whom the
+spirit of his chieftains, the Cliffords, seemed to survive."--W. W.
+1815.
+
+This quotation is from Dr. Whitaker's _History of the Deanery of
+Craven_.--ED.
+
+[S] In 1868, when this chapel was under restoration, a vault was
+discovered at the eastern end of the north aisle, with evident signs of
+several bodies having been buried upright. On the site of this vault the
+organ is now placed. The chapel was restored by the late Duke of
+Devonshire.--ED.
+
+[T] In the second volume of Poems published by the author, will be found
+one, entitled, _Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle, upon the
+Restoration of Lord Clifford, the Shepherd, to the Estates and Honours
+of his Ancestors_. To that Poem is annexed an account of this personage
+[p. 89], chiefly extracted from Burn's and Nicholson's History of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland. It gives me pleasure to add these further
+particulars concerning him from Dr. Whitaker, who says, "he retired to
+the solitude of Barden, where he seems to have enlarged the tower out of
+a common keeper's lodge, and where he found a retreat equally favourable
+to taste, to instruction, and to devotion. The narrow limits of his
+residence shew that he had learned to despise the pomp of greatness, and
+that a small train of servants could suffice him, who had lived to the
+age of thirty a servant himself. I think this nobleman resided here
+almost entirely when in Yorkshire, for all his charters which I have
+seen are dated at Barden.
+
+"His early habits, and the want of those artificial measures of time
+which even shepherds now possess, had given him a turn for observing the
+motions of the heavenly bodies, and, having purchased such an apparatus
+as could then be procured, he amused and informed himself by those
+pursuits, with the aid of the Canons of Bolton, some of whom are said to
+have been well versed in what was then known of the science.
+
+"I suspect this nobleman to have been sometimes occupied in a more
+visionary pursuit, and probably in the same company.
+
+"For, from the family evidences, I have met with two MSS. on the subject
+of Alchemy, which, from the character, spelling, etc., may almost
+certainly be referred to the reign of Henry the Seventh. If these were
+originally deposited with the MSS. of the Cliffords, it might have been
+for the use of this nobleman. If they were brought from Bolton at the
+Dissolution, they must have been the work of those Canons whom he almost
+exclusively conversed with.
+
+"In these peaceful employments Lord Clifford spent the whole reign of
+Henry the Seventh, and the first years of his son. But in the year 1513,
+when almost sixty years old, he was appointed to a principal command
+over the army which fought at Flodden, and shewed that the military
+genius of the family had neither been chilled in him by age, nor
+extinguished by habits of peace.
+
+"He survived the battle of Flodden ten years, and died April 23d, 1523,
+aged about 70. I shall endeavour to appropriate to him a tomb, vault,
+and chantry, in the choir of the church of Bolton, as I should be sorry
+to believe that he was deposited when dead at a distance from the place
+which in his life-time he loved so well.
+
+"By his last will he appointed his body to be interred at Shap if he
+died in Westmoreland; or at Bolton if he died in Yorkshire."
+
+With respect to the Canons of Bolton, Dr. Whitaker shews from MSS. that
+not only alchemy but astronomy was a favourite pursuit with them.--W. W.
+1815.
+
+[U] Barden Tower is on the western bank of the Wharfe, fully two miles
+north-west of Bolton Priory, above the Strid. At the time of the
+restoration of the Shepherd-lord, Barden Tower was only a keeper's
+forest lodge. It is so hidden in trees, and so retired, that the
+situation is most accurately described as
+
+                          the shy recess
+      Of Barden's lowly quietness.                         ED.
+
+[V] The year 1569.--ED.
+
+[W] Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Neville, Earl of Westmoreland--the
+two peers who joined in support of the Duke of Norfolk's marriage with
+Queen Mary, with a view to the restoration of Catholicism in England.
+See note III. p. 198.--ED.
+
+[X] Compare _Twelfth Night_, act I. scene i. l. 4--
+
+      That strain again! it had a dying fall.              ED.
+
+[Y] See the Old Ballad,--_The Rising of the North_.--W. W. 1827.
+
+This Ballad is printed in Wordsworth's note, p. 186. The reference here
+is to the lines--
+
+      But, father, I will wend with you,
+        Unarm'd and naked will I bee.                      ED.
+
+[Z] The site of Rylstone Hall is still recognisable, but the building is
+gone. It was not at Rylstone, but at Ripon, that the Nortons raised
+their banner in November 1569; but their tenantry at Rylstone rose with
+them at the same time.--ED.
+
+[AA] Brancepeth Castle stands near the river Were, a few miles from the
+city of Durham. It formerly belonged to the Nevilles, Earls of
+Westmoreland. See Dr. Percy's account.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[BB] The tower of the Cathedral of Durham, of which St. Cuthbert is the
+patron saint.--ED.
+
+[CC] Now Raby Castle, a seat of the Duke of Cleveland in the county of
+Durham.--ED.
+
+[DD] From the old Ballad.--W. W. 1820.
+
+The lines are--
+
+      At Wetherbye they mustered their host,
+        Thirteen thousand fair to see.                     ED.
+
+[EE] The village of Clifford is three miles from Wetherby, where the
+host was mustered.--ED.
+
+[FF] From the old Ballad.--W. W. 1820.
+
+The line referred to is--
+
+      Against soe many could not stay.                     ED.
+
+[GG] See note V. p. 200.--ED.
+
+[HH] See the Historians for the account of this memorable battle,
+usually denominated the Battle of the Standard.--W. W. 1815.
+
+It was fought at Northallerton in 1137, under Archbishop Thurston of
+York. See note VI. p. 200.--ED.
+
+[II] "In the night before the battle of Durham was strucken and begun,
+the 17th day of October, _anno_ 1346, there did appear to John Fosser,
+then Prior of the abbey of Durham, a Vision, commanding him to take the
+holy Corporax-cloth, wherewith St. Cuthbert did cover the chalice when
+he used to say mass, and to put the same holy relique like to a
+banner-cloth upon the point of a spear, and the next morning to go and
+repair to a place on the west side of the city of Durham, called the Red
+Hills, where the Maid's Bower wont to be, and there to remain and abide
+till the end of the battle. To which vision, the Prior obeying, and
+taking the same for a revelation of God's grace and mercy by the
+mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, did accordingly the next morning, with
+the monks of the said abbey, repair to the said Red Hills, and there
+most devoutly humbling and prostrating themselves in prayer for the
+victory in the said battle: (a great multitude of the Scots running and
+pressing by them, with intention to have spoiled them, yet had no power
+to commit any violence under such holy persons, so occupied in prayer,
+being protected and defended by the mighty Providence of Almighty God,
+and by the mediation of Holy St. Cuthbert, and the presence of the holy
+relique). And, after many conflicts and warlike exploits there had and
+done between the English men and the King of Scots and his company, the
+said battle ended, and the victory was obtained, to the great overthrow
+and confusion of the Scots, their enemies: And then the said Prior and
+monks, accompanied with Ralph Lord Nevil, and John Nevil his son, and
+the Lord Percy, and many other nobles of England, returned home and went
+to the abbey church, there joining in hearty prayer and thanksgiving to
+God and holy St. Cuthbert for the victory atchieved that day."
+
+This battle was afterwards called the Battle of Neville's Cross from the
+following circumstance:--
+
+"On the west side of the city of Durham, where two roads pass each
+other, a most notable, famous, and goodly cross of stone-work was
+erected, and set up to the honour of God for the victory there obtained
+in the field of battle, and known by the name of Nevil's Cross, and
+built at the sole cost of the Lord Ralph Nevil, one of the most
+excellent and chief persons in the said battle." The Relique of St.
+Cuthbert afterwards became of great importance in military events. For
+soon after this battle, says the same author, "The prior caused a goodly
+and sumptuous banner to be made, (which is then described at great
+length,) and in the midst of the same banner-cloth was the said holy
+relique and corporax-cloth enclosed, etc. etc., and so sumptuously
+finished, and absolutely perfected, this banner was dedicated to holy
+St. Cuthbert, of intent and purpose, that for the future it should be
+carried to any battle, as occasion should serve; and was never carried
+and shewed at any battle but by the especial grace of God Almighty, and
+the mediation of holy St. Cuthbert, it brought home victory; which
+banner-cloth, after the dissolution of the abbey, fell into the
+possession of Dean WHITTINGHAM, whose wife was called KATHARINE, being a
+French woman, (as is most credibly reported by eye-witnesses,) did most
+injuriously burn the same in her fire, to the open contempt and disgrace
+of all ancient and goodly reliques."--Extracted from a book entitled,
+_Durham Cathedral, as it stood before the Dissolution of the Monastery_.
+It appears, from the old metrical History, that the above-mentioned
+banner was carried by the Earl of Surrey to Flodden Field.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[JJ] Compare _An Evening Walk_, ll. 365, 366 (vol. i. p. 31)--
+
+        The song of mountain-streams, unheard by day,
+      Now hardly heard, beguiles my homeward way.
+
+Also _The Excursion_ (book iv. ll. 1173, 1174)--
+
+      The little rills, and waters numberless,
+      Inaudible by daylight.
+
+And Wordsworth's sonnet beginning--
+
+      The unremitting voice of nightly streams
+      That wastes so oft, we think, its tuneful powers.
+
+Compare also in Gray's _Tour in the Lakes_, "At distance, heard the
+murmur of many waterfalls, not audible in the daytime."--ED.
+
+[KK] Compare Milton's Sonnet on his Blindness, l. 14--
+
+      They also serve who only stand and wait.             ED.
+
+[LL] In the limestone ridges and hills of the Craven district of
+Yorkshire there are many caverns and underground recesses, such as the
+Yordas cave referred to in _The Prelude_ (vol. iii. p. 289).--ED.
+
+[MM] The Towers of Barnard Castle on the Tees in Yorkshire.--ED.
+
+[NN] It is so called to this day, and is thus described by Dr. Whitaker.
+"Rylstone Fell yet exhibits a monument of the old warfare between the
+Nortons and Cliffords. On a point of very high ground, commanding an
+immense prospect, and protected by two deep ravines, are the remains of
+a square tower, expressly said by Dodsworth to have been built by
+Richard Norton. The walls are of strong grout-work, about four feet
+thick. It seems to have been three stories high. Breaches have been
+industriously made in all the sides, almost to the ground, to render it
+untenable.
+
+"But Norton Tower was probably a sort of pleasure-house in summer, as
+there are, adjoining to it, several large mounds, (two of them are
+pretty entire,) of which no other account can be given than that they
+were butts for large companies of archers.
+
+"The place is savagely wild, and admirably adapted to the uses of a
+watch-tower."--W. W. 1815. (See note VII. p. 201.)--ED.
+
+The remains of Norton Tower are not in the highest point of the Rylstone
+Fells, but on one of the western ridges: and there are now only four
+bare roofless rectangular walls. It was originally both a watch-tower
+and a hunting-tower. Looking towards Malham to the north and north-west,
+the view is exactly as described in the poem.--ED.
+
+[OO] This extract was first prefixed to canto seventh in the edition of
+1837.--ED.
+
+[PP] "After the attainder of Richard Norton, his estates were forfeited
+to the crown, where they remained till the 2d or 3d of James; they were
+then granted to Francis Earl of Cumberland." From an accurate survey
+made at that time, several particulars have been extracted by Dr. W. It
+appears that the mansion-house was then in decay. "Immediately adjoining
+is a close, called the Vivery, so called undoubtedly from the French
+Vivier, or modern Latin Viverium; for there are near the house large
+remains of a pleasure-ground, such as were introduced in the earlier
+part of Elizabeth's time, with topiary works, fish-ponds, an island,
+etc. The whole township was ranged by an hundred and thirty red deer,
+the property of the Lord, which, together with the wood, had, after the
+attainder of Mr. Norton, been committed to Sir Stephen Tempest. The
+wood, it seems, had been abandoned to depredations, before which time it
+appears that the neighbourhood must have exhibited a forest-like and
+sylvan scene. In this survey, among the old tenants, is mentioned one
+Richard Kitchen, butler to Mr. Norton, who rose in rebellion with his
+master, and was executed at Ripon."--W. W. 1815.
+
+[QQ] There are two small streams which rise near Rylstone. One, called
+Rylstone beck, flows westwards into the Aire. Another makes its way
+eastwards towards the Wharfe, joins Linton beck, and so enters Wharfe
+between Linton Church and Grassington Bridge. It is to the latter that
+Wordsworth refers, although the former is now called Rylstone beck.--ED.
+
+[RR] "At the extremity of the parish of Burnsal, the valley of Wharf
+forks off into two great branches, one of which retains the name of
+Wharfdale to the source of the river; the other is usually called
+Littondale, but more anciently and properly Amerdale. Dern-brook, which
+runs along an obscure valley from the N. W., is derived from a Teutonic
+word, signifying concealment."--Dr. WHITAKER.--W. W. 1815.
+
+The valley of Littondale, as is shown in Wordsworth's note, once bore
+the name of Amerdale. Though the name is not now given to the beck, it
+survives, singularly enough, in one pool in the stream, where it joins
+the Wharfe, which is still called "Amerdale Dub."--ED.
+
+[SS] From this valley of Litton a small lateral one runs up in a
+south-westerly direction at Arncliffe, making a "deep fork," and is
+called Dernbrook. Dern means seclusion, and two or three miles up this
+ghyll is a farm-house bearing the name of Dernbrook House. "The phrase
+'By lurking Dernbrook's pathless side' is so appropriate," says the late
+incumbent of Arncliffe, the Ven. Archdeacon Boyd, in a letter to the
+editor, "that it would almost seem that Wordsworth had been there." Mr.
+Boyd adds, "In the illustrated edition of _The White Doe_, published by
+Longmans a few years ago, there is an illustration by Birket Foster of
+the Dernbrook House, the original of which I had the honour to supply.
+It is but a short distance--two or three miles--from Malham Tarn."--ED.
+
+[TT] On one of the bells of Rylstone church, which seems co-eval with
+the building of the tower, is this cypher, =J. N.= for John Norton, and
+the motto, "=God us ayde.="--W. W. 1815.
+
+"A ring, bearing the same motto, was sold at a sale of antiquities from
+Bramhope Manor, Feb. 1865. The Norton Shield of Arms is in Rylstone
+Church." (See Murray's _Yorkshire_.)--ED.
+
+[UU] Which is thus described by Dr. Whitaker:--"On the plain summit of
+the hill are the foundations of a strong wall, stretching from the S. W.
+to the N. E. corner of the tower, and to the edge of a very deep glen.
+From this glen, a ditch, several hundred yards long, runs south to
+another deep and rugged ravine. On the N. and W. where the banks are
+very steep, no wall or mound is discoverable, paling being the only
+fence that would stand on such ground.
+
+"From the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, it appears that such pounds
+for deer, sheep, etc., were far from being uncommon in the south of
+Scotland. The principle of them was something like that of a wire
+mouse-trap. On the declivity of a steep hill, the bottom and sides of
+which were fenced so as to be impassable, a wall was constructed nearly
+level with the surface on the outside, yet so high within that without
+wings it was impossible to escape in the opposite direction. Care was
+probably taken that these enclosures should contain better feed than the
+neighbouring parks or forests; and whoever is acquainted with the habits
+of these sequacious animals, will easily conceive, that if the leader
+was once tempted to descend into the snare, an herd would follow."
+
+I cannot conclude without recommending to the notice of all lovers of
+beautiful scenery--Bolton Abbey and its neighbourhood. This enchanting
+spot belongs to the Duke of Devonshire; and the superintendance of it
+has for some years been entrusted to the Rev. William Carr, who has most
+skilfully opened out its features; and in whatever he has added, has
+done justice to the place by working with an invisible hand of art in
+the very spirit of nature.--W. W. 1815.
+
+[VV] The late Archdeacon of Craven wrote to me of this, "There never can
+have been a Lady Chapel in the usual place at Bolton, for the altar was
+close to the east window. I never heard of a Saint Mary's _shrine_; but,
+most probably, the church was dedicated to St. Mary, in which case she"
+(the Lady Emily) "would be speaking of the building. In proof of this,
+the Priory of Embsay was dedicated to St. Mary; and naturally the
+dedication, on the removal from Embsay to Bolton, would be renewed. See
+Whitaker, p. 369, in extracting from the compotus, 'Comp. Monasterii be'
+Mar' de Boulton in Craven.'" It may be added that the whole church being
+dedicated to St. Mary--as in the case of the Cistercian buildings--there
+would be no Lady Chapel. The mention in detail of "prostrate altars,"
+"shrines defaced," "fret-work imagery," "plates of ornamental brass,"
+and "sculptured Forms of Warriors" in the closing canto of _The White
+Doe_ is--like the "one sequestered hillock green" where Francis Norton
+was supposed to "sleep in his last abode"--part of the imaginative
+drapery of the poem.--ED.
+
+[WW] Compare Sackville's _Ferrex and Porrex_, iv. 2; Lord Surrey's lines
+beginning, "Give place, ye lovers"; and George Turberville's poem which
+begins, "You want no skill."--ED.
+
+[XX] Camden expressly says that he was violently attached to the
+Catholic Religion.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+THE FORCE OF PRAYER;[A] OR, THE FOUNDING OF BOLTON PRIORY
+
+A TRADITION
+
+Composed 1807.--Published 1815
+
+
+[An appendage to _The White Doe_. My friend, Mr. Rogers, has also
+written on the subject.[B] The story is preserved in Dr. Whitaker's
+_History of Craven_--a topographical writer of first-rate merit in all
+that concerns the past; but such was his aversion from the modern
+spirit, as shown in the spread of manufactories in those districts of
+which he treats, that his readers are left entirely ignorant both of the
+progress of these arts and their real bearing upon the comfort, virtues,
+and happiness of the inhabitants. While wandering on foot through the
+fertile valleys and over the moorlands of the Apennine that divide
+Yorkshire from Lancashire, I used to be delighted with observing the
+number of substantial cottages that had sprung up on every side, each
+having its little plot of fertile ground won from the surrounding waste.
+A bright and warm fire, if needed, was always to be found in these
+dwellings. The father was at his loom; the children looked healthy and
+happy. Is it not to be feared that the increase of mechanic power had
+done away with many of these blessings, and substituted many ills? Alas!
+if these evils grow, how are they to be checked, and where is the remedy
+to be found? Political economy will not supply it; that is certain; we
+must look to something deeper, purer, and higher.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection."--ED.
+
+
+    "=What is good for a bootless bene?="
+    With these dark words begins my Tale;
+    And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring
+    When Prayer is of no avail?
+
+    "=What is good for a bootless bene?="                        5
+    The Falconer to the Lady said;
+    And she made answer "ENDLESS SORROW!"
+    For she knew that her Son was dead.
+
+    She knew it by[1] the Falconer's words,
+    And from the look of the Falconer's eye;                    10
+    And from the love which was in her soul
+    For her youthful Romilly.
+
+    --Young Romilly through Barden woods
+    Is ranging high and low;
+    And holds a greyhound in a leash,                           15
+    To let slip upon buck or doe.
+
+    The pair[2] have reached that fearful chasm,
+    How tempting to bestride!
+    For lordly Wharf is there pent in
+    With rocks on either side.                                  20
+
+    The[3] striding-place is called THE STRID,
+    A name which it took of yore:
+    A thousand years hath it borne that name,
+    And shall a thousand more.
+
+    And hither is young Romilly come,                           25
+    And what may now forbid
+    That he, perhaps for the hundredth time,
+    Shall bound across THE STRID?
+
+    He sprang in glee,--for what cared he                       29
+    That the river was strong, and the rocks were steep?--
+    But the greyhound in the leash hung back,
+    And checked him in his leap.
+
+    The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,
+    And strangled by[4] a merciless force;
+    For never more was young Romilly seen                       35
+    Till he rose a lifeless corse.
+
+    Now there is[5] stillness in the vale,
+    And long,[6] unspeaking, sorrow:
+    Wharf shall be to pitying hearts
+    A name more sad than Yarrow.                                40
+
+    If for a lover the Lady wept,
+    A solace she might borrow
+    From death, and from the passion of death:--
+    Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.
+
+    She weeps not for the wedding-day                           45
+    Which was to be to-morrow:
+    Her hope was a further-looking hope,
+    And hers is a mother's sorrow.
+
+    He was a tree that stood alone,
+    And proudly did its branches wave;                          50
+    And the root of this delightful tree
+    Was in her husband's grave!
+
+    Long, long in darkness did she sit,
+    And her first words were, "Let there be
+    In Bolton, on the field of Wharf,                           55
+    A stately Priory!"
+
+    The stately Priory was reared;[C]
+    And Wharf, as he moved along,
+    To matins joined a mournful voice,
+    Nor failed at even-song.                                    60
+
+    And the Lady prayed in heaviness
+    That looked not for relief!
+    But slowly did her succour come,
+    And a patience to her grief.
+
+    Oh! there is never sorrow of heart                          65
+    That shall lack a timely end,
+    If but to God we turn, and ask
+    Of Him to be our friend![D]
+
+
+There were few variations in the text of this poem, from 1815 to 1850;
+but I have found, in a letter of Dorothy Wordsworth's to her friend Miss
+Jane Pollard, the mother of Lady Monteagle--who kindly sent it to me--an
+earlier version, which differs considerably from the form in which it
+was first published in 1815. The letter is dated October 18th, 1807, and
+the poem is as follows:--
+
+
+      "_What is good for a bootless bene?_"
+      The Lady answer'd, "_endless sorrow_."
+      _Her_ words are plain; but the Falconer's words
+      Are a path that is dark to travel thorough.
+
+      These words I bring from the Banks of Wharf,
+      Dark words to front an ancient tale:
+      And their meaning is, whence can comfort spring
+      When prayer is of no avail?
+
+      "What is good for a bootless bene?"
+      The Falconer to the Lady said,
+      And she made answer as ye have heard,
+      For she knew that her Son was dead.
+
+      She knew it from the Falconer's words
+      And from the look of the Falconer's eye,
+      And from the love that was in her heart
+      For her youthful Romelli.
+
+      Young Romelli to the Woods is gone,
+      And who doth on his steps attend?
+      He hath a greyhound in a leash,
+      A chosen forest Friend.
+
+      And they have reach'd that famous Chasm
+      Where he who dares may stride
+      Across the River Wharf, pent in
+      With rocks on either side.
+
+      And that striding place is call'd THE STRID,
+      A name which it took of yore;
+      A thousand years hath it borne that name,
+      And shall a thousand more.
+
+      And thither is young Romelli come;
+      And what may now forbid
+      That He, perhaps for the hundredth time,
+      Shall bound across the Strid?
+
+      He sprang in glee; for what cared he
+      That the River was strong, and the Rocks were steep?
+      But the greyhound in the Leash hung back
+      And check'd him in his leap.
+
+      The Boy is in the arms of Wharf,
+      And strangled with a merciless force;
+      For never more was young Romelli seen,
+      Till he was a lifeless corse.
+
+      Now is there stillness in the vale
+      And long unspeaking sorrow,
+      Wharf has buried fonder hopes
+      Than e'er were drown'd in Yarrow.[E]
+
+      If for a Lover the Lady wept
+      A comfort she might borrow
+      From death, and from the passion of death;
+      Old Wharf might heal her sorrow.
+
+      She weeps not for the Wedding-day
+      That was to be to-morrow,[F]
+      Her hope was a farther-looking hope
+      And hers is a Mother's sorrow.
+
+      Oh was he not a comely tree?
+      And proudly did his branches wave;
+      And the Root of this delightful Tree
+      Is in her Husband's grave.
+
+      Long, long in darkness did she sit,
+      And her first word was, "Let there be
+      At Bolton, in the Fields of Wharf
+      A stately Priory."
+
+      And the stately Priory was rear'd,
+      And Wharf as he moved along,
+      To Matins joined a mournful voice,
+      Nor fail'd at Even-song.
+
+      And the Lady pray'd in heaviness
+      That wish'd not for relief;
+      But slowly did her succour come,
+      And a patience to her grief.
+
+      Oh! there is never sorrow of heart
+      That shall lack a timely end,
+      If but to God we turn, and ask
+      Of him to be our Friend.
+
+
+The poem of Samuel Rogers, to which Wordsworth refers in the Fenwick
+note, is named _The Boy of Egremond_. It begins--
+
+      "Say, what remains when Hope is fled?"
+      She answered, "endless weeping!"
+
+In a letter to Wordsworth in 1815, Charles Lamb wrote thus of _The Force
+of Prayer_, "Young Romilly is divine; the reasons of his mother's grief
+being remediless. I never saw parental love carried up so high, towering
+above the other loves. Shakspeare had done something for the filial in
+Cordelia, and, by implication, for the fatherly too, in Lear's
+resentment; he left it for you to explore the depths of the maternal
+heart.... When I first opened upon the just mentioned poem, in a
+careless tone, I said to Mary, as if putting a riddle, '_What is good
+for a bootless bene?_' To which, with infinite presence of mind (as the
+jest-book has it), she answered, 'A shoeless pea.' It was the first joke
+she ever made.... I never felt deeply in my life if that poem did not
+make me feel, both lately and when I read it in MS." (_The Letters of
+Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. i. p. 288.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... from ...                                       1815.
+
+[2] 1820.
+
+      And the Pair ...                                   1815.
+
+[3] 1850.
+
+      This ...                                           1815.
+
+[4] 1820.
+
+      ... with ...                                       1815.
+
+[5] 1820.
+
+      Now is there ...                                   1815.
+
+[6] 1815.
+
+      And deep ...                                       1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See _The White Doe of Rylstone_.--W. W. 1820.
+
+[B] Charles Lamb wrote to Wordsworth, May 1819, of Rogers--"He has been
+re-writing your Poem of the Strid, and publishing it at the end of his
+'Human Life.' Tie him up to the cart, hangman, while you are about it."
+(_The Letters of Charles Lamb_, edited by Alfred Ainger, vol. ii. p.
+20.)--ED.
+
+[C] The Lady Alice De Romilly built not only Bolton Priory, but the nave
+of Carlisle Cathedral, and the chancel of Crosthwaite Parish Church at
+Keswick.--ED.
+
+[D] "Young Romilly" was a son of Fitz Duncan, Earl of Murray in
+Scotland, whose Cumbrian estates extended from Dunmail Raise to St.
+Bees. This "Boy of Egremond" was second cousin of Malcolm, King of
+Scotland; and by the marriage of Fitz Duncan's sister (Matilda the Good)
+with Henry I. of England, he stood in the same relation to Henry II. of
+England. Fitz Duncan married Alice, the only daughter and heiress of
+Robert de Romilly, lord of Skipton. Compare Ferguson's _History of
+Cumberland_, p. 175.--ED.
+
+[E] Alluding to a Ballad of Logan's.--W. W. 1807.
+
+[F] From the same Ballad.--W. W. 1807.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED WHILE THE AUTHOR WAS ENGAGED IN WRITING A TRACT, OCCASIONED BY
+  THE CONVENTION OF CINTRA. 1808
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+This sonnet was included among those "dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Not 'mid the World's vain objects that[1] enslave
+    The free-born Soul--that World whose vaunted skill
+    In selfish interest perverts the will,
+    Whose factions lead astray the wise and brave--
+    Not there; but in dark wood and rocky cave,                  5
+    And hollow vale which foaming torrents fill
+    With omnipresent murmur as they rave
+    Down their steep beds, that never shall be still:
+    Here, mighty Nature! in this school sublime
+    I weigh the hopes and fears of suffering Spain;             10
+    For her consult the auguries of time,
+    And through the human heart explore my way;
+    And look and listen--gathering, whence[2] I may,
+    Triumph, and thoughts no bondage can restrain.
+
+
+Wordsworth began to write on the Convention of Cintra in November 1808,
+and sent two articles on the subject to the December (1808) and January
+(1809) numbers of _The Courier_. The subject grew in importance to him
+as he discussed it: and he threw his reflections on the subject into the
+form of a small treatise, the preface to which was dated 20th May 1809.
+The full title of this (so-called) "Tract" is "Concerning the Relations
+of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal to each other, and to the common
+Enemy, at this crisis; and specifically as affected by the Convention of
+Cintra: the whole brought to the test of those Principles, by which
+alone the Independence and Freedom of Nations can be Preserved or
+Recovered."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1820.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... where ...                                      1815.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED AT THE SAME TIME AND ON THE SAME OCCASION
+
+Composed 1808.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    I dropped my pen; and listened to the Wind
+    That sang of trees up-torn and vessels tost--
+    A midnight harmony; and wholly lost
+    To the general sense of men by chains confined
+    Of business, care, or pleasure; or resigned                  5
+    To timely sleep. Thought I, the impassioned strain,
+    Which, without aid of numbers, I sustain,
+    Like acceptation from the World will find.
+    Yet some with apprehensive ear shall drink
+    A dirge devoutly breathed o'er sorrows past;                10
+    And to the attendant promise will give heed--
+    The prophecy,--like that of this wild blast,
+    Which, while it makes the heart with sadness shrink,
+    Tells also of bright calms that shall succeed.
+
+
+
+
+1809
+
+
+The poems belonging to the years 1809 and 1810 were mainly
+sonnets--although _The Excursion_ was being added to at intervals. Of
+twenty-four which were included by Wordsworth, in the final arrangement
+of his poems, among those "dedicated to National Independence and
+Liberty," fourteen belong to the year 1809, and ten to 1810. It is
+difficult to ascertain the principle which guided him in determining the
+succession of these sonnets. They were not placed in chronological
+order; nor is there any historical or topographical reason for their
+being arranged as they were. I have therefore felt at liberty to depart
+from his order, to the following extent.
+
+The six sonnets referring to the Tyrolese have been brought together in
+one group. Those containing allusions to Spain might have been similarly
+treated; but the sonnets on Schill, the King of Sweden, and Napoleon--as
+arranged by Wordsworth himself--do not break the continuity of the
+series on Spain, in the same way that the insertion of those on Palafox
+and Zaragoza interferes with the unity of the Tyrolean group; and the
+re-arrangement of the latter series enables me more conveniently to
+append to it a German translation of the sonnets, and a paper upon them,
+by Alois Brandl.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+TYROLESE SONNETS
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+HOFFER
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+The six sonnets of this Tyrolean group were placed among the "Sonnets
+dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Of mortal parents is the Hero born
+    By whom the undaunted Tyrolese are led?
+    Or is it Tell's great Spirit, from the dead
+    Returned to animate an age forlorn?
+    He comes like Phoebus through the gates of morn            5
+    When dreary darkness is discomfited,
+    Yet mark his modest[1] state! upon his head,
+    That simple crest, a heron's plume, is worn.[2]
+    O Liberty! they stagger at the shock
+    From van to rear--and with one mind would flee,             10
+    But half their host is buried:[3]--rock on rock
+    Descends:--beneath this godlike Warrior, see!
+    Hills, torrents, woods, embodied to bemock
+    The Tyrant, and confound his cruelty.
+
+
+The expectation that the Germans would rise against the French in 1807
+was realised only in the Tyrol. Andreas Hofer, an innkeeper in the
+Passeierthal, was the chief of the Tyrolese leaders. More than once he
+called his countrymen to arms, and was successful for a time. The
+Bavarians, however, defeated him, in October 1809. He was tried by
+court-martial, and shot in 1810.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... simple ...                                     1809.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      A Heron's feather for a crest is worn.             1809.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+                               ... at the shock;
+      The Murderers are aghast; they strive to flee
+      And half their Host is buried:-- ...               1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, October 26.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+"ADVANCE--COME FORTH FROM THY TYROLEAN GROUND"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Advance--come forth from thy Tyrolean ground,
+    Dear Liberty! stern Nymph of soul untamed;
+    Sweet Nymph, O rightly of the mountains named!
+    Through the long chain of Alps from mound to mound
+    And o'er the eternal snows, like Echo, bound;                5
+    Like Echo, when the hunter train at dawn
+    Have roused her from her sleep: and forest-lawn,
+    Cliffs, woods and caves, her viewless steps resound
+    And babble of her pastime!--On, dread Power!
+    With such invisible motion speed thy flight,                10
+    Through hanging clouds, from craggy height to height,
+    Through the green vales and through the herdsman's bower--
+    That all the Alps may gladden in thy might,
+    Here, there, and in all places at one hour.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, October 26.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+FEELINGS OF THE TYROLESE
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    The Land we from our fathers had in trust,
+    And to our children will transmit, or die:
+    This is our maxim, this our piety;
+    And God and Nature say that it is just.
+    That which we _would_ perform in arms--we must!              5
+    We read the dictate in the infant's eye;
+    In the wife's smile; and in the placid sky;
+    And, at our feet, amid the silent dust
+    Of them that were before us.--Sing aloud
+    Old songs, the precious music of the heart!                 10
+    Give, herds and flocks, your voices to the wind!
+    While we go forth, a self-devoted crowd,
+    With weapons grasped in fearless hands,[1] to assert
+    Our virtue, and to vindicate mankind.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      With weapons in the fearless hand,                 1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+"ALAS! WHAT BOOTS THE LONG LABORIOUS QUEST"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Alas! what boots the long laborious quest
+    Of moral prudence, sought through good and ill;
+    Or pains[1] abstruse--to elevate the will,
+    And[2] lead us on to that transcendent rest
+    Where every passion shall the sway attest                    5
+    Of Reason, seated on her sovereign hill;
+    What is it but a vain and curious skill,
+    If sapient Germany must lie deprest,
+    Beneath the brutal sword?--Her haughty Schools
+    Shall blush; and may not we with sorrow say,                10
+    A few strong instincts and a few plain rules,
+    Among the herdsmen of the Alps, have wrought
+    More for mankind at this unhappy day
+    Than all the pride of intellect and thought?
+
+
+See the paper by Alois Brandl appended to this series of sonnets, p.
+218. Wordsworth had probably no means of knowing anything of Fichte's
+"Addresses to the German Nation," delivered weekly in Berlin, from
+December 1807 to March 1808. (See _Fichte_, by Professor Adamson, pp.
+84-91.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... pain ...                                       1809.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      Or ...                                             1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, November 16, under the title, _Sonnet suggested by
+the efforts of the Tyrolese, contrasted with the present state of
+Germany_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+ON THE FINAL SUBMISSION OF THE TYROLESE
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    It was a _moral_ end for which they fought;
+    Else how, when mighty Thrones were put to shame,
+    Could they, poor Shepherds, have preserved an aim,
+    A resolution, or enlivening thought?
+    Nor hath that moral good been _vainly_ sought;               5
+    For in their magnanimity and fame
+    Powers have they left, an impulse, and a claim
+    Which neither can be overturned nor bought.
+    Sleep, Warriors, sleep! among your hills repose!
+    We know that ye, beneath the stern control                  10
+    Of awful prudence, keep the unvanquished soul:
+    And when, impatient of her guilt and woes,
+    Europe breaks forth; then, Shepherds! shall ye rise
+    For perfect triumph o'er your Enemies.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 21, under the title, _On the report of the
+submission of the Tyrolese_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+"THE MARTIAL COURAGE OF A DAY IS VAIN"
+
+Composed 1810?[A]--Published 1815
+
+
+    The martial courage of a day is vain,
+    An empty noise of death the battle's roar,
+    If vital hope be wanting to restore,
+    Or fortitude be wanting to sustain,
+    Armies or kingdoms. We have heard a strain                   5
+    Of triumph, how the labouring Danube bore
+    A weight of hostile corses: drenched with gore
+    Were the wide fields, the hamlets heaped with slain.
+    Yet see (the mighty tumult overpast)
+    Austria a Daughter of her Throne hath sold!                 10
+    And her Tyrolean Champion we behold
+    Murdered, like one ashore by shipwreck cast,
+    Murdered without relief. Oh! blind as bold,
+    To think that such assurance can stand fast!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] I retain this Tyrolese sonnet amongst the others belonging to the
+same theme; but, as Hofer was shot in 1810, it was probably written in
+that year.--ED.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I append to this series of sonnets on the Tyrol and the Tyrolese the
+translation of a paper contributed by Alois Brandl, a Tyrolean, to the
+_Neue Freie Presse_ of October 22, 1880. Herr Brandl was for some time
+in England investigating the traces of a German literary influence on
+Coleridge, Wordsworth, and their contemporaries.
+
+  "It was in the year 1809; Napoleon was at the height of his career
+  of victory; and England alone of all his opponents held the
+  supremacy at sea. For years the English were the only
+  representatives of freedom in Europe. At last it seemed that two
+  fortunate allies arose to join their cause--the insurgents in
+  Spain and in the little land of Tyrol. No wonder then that now
+  British poets sympathised with the victors at the hill of Isel,
+  and praised their courage and their leaders, and at last, when
+  they were overcome by superior forces, laid the laurel wreath of
+  tragic heroism on their graves.
+
+  "Thirty or forty years before, English poets would scarcely have
+  shown such a lively interest in a war of independence in a foreign
+  country. They stood under the curse of narrow-mindedness and
+  one-sidedness both in politics and in art, so that their
+  smooth-running verses neither sought nor found a response even in
+  the hearts of their own fellow-countrymen. The poets who appeared
+  before the public in the year 1798 with the famous 'Lyrical
+  Ballads' were the first to strike out a new path. Although
+  differing considerably from one another in other respects, they
+  agreed in their opposition to the conventionality of the old
+  school."
+
+  . . . . .
+
+  "Wordsworth lived in a simple little house on the romantic lake
+  of Grasmere, in the heart of the mountains of Westmoreland. He
+  studied more in his walks over heath and field than in books, and
+  entered with interest into the questions affecting the good of the
+  country people around him. All this of necessity impelled him to
+  take a warm interest in the herdsmen of the Alps.
+
+  "But the Tyrolese inspired him with still greater interest on
+  political grounds. Like all the lake poets, he was an enthusiastic
+  admirer, not of the French revolution, but of the republic as long
+  as it seemed to desire the realization of the ideas of Liberty,
+  Fraternity, Equality, and the rest of Rousseau's Arcadian notions;
+  and it was a bitter disillusion for him, as well as for Klopstock,
+  when this much-praised home of the free rights of man resolved
+  itself into the empire of Napoleon. From this moment he took his
+  place on the side of the enemies of France, and particularly on
+  the side of the Tyrolese, since they had never lost the natural
+  simplicity of their habits, and had regained the hereditary
+  freedom, of which they had been deprived, with the sword. Thus
+  arose the curious paradox, that a republican poet glorified
+  spontaneously the cause of an exceedingly monarchical and
+  conservative country.
+
+  "Wordsworth gave vent to his enthusiasm in six sonnets, which, as
+  far as power of language and vigour of thought are concerned, form
+  interesting companion-pieces to the poems of the contemporary
+  Tyrolese poet Alois Weissenbach. In the first three sonnets the
+  splendour of the Alpine world, which he knew from his journeys in
+  Switzerland, forms the background of the picture. In the
+  foreground he sees a band of brave and daring men, in whose hearts
+  he thought he could find all his own moral pathos. Many of the
+  features which he has introduced certainly show more ideal fancy
+  than knowledge of detail; but it was not his purpose to compose a
+  correct report of the war, but to give an exciting description of
+  the heroes of this struggle for independence, in order that, even
+  though they themselves should be overpowered, their spirit might
+  arise again among his own fellow-countrymen. In the fourth sonnet,
+  in his enthusiasm for the Tyrolese, he has treated the German
+  universities with unnecessary severity; but this does not prove
+  any intentional want of fairness on his part, for at that time our
+  universities stood under general discredit in England as the
+  hotbeds of the wildest metaphysics and political dreams. The
+  events of the year 1813 would probably induce Wordsworth to view
+  them in a more favourable light. Similarly the sixth sonnet is not
+  quite just to Austria; in particular Wordsworth has made
+  decidedly too little allowance for the fact that the Emperor Franz
+  I. ceded the Tyrol quite against his own will under the pressure
+  of circumstances. But in this case we must not simply impute all
+  the blame to the poet; for as we see from the diary of his friend
+  Southey, his information as to the doings of Austria was of a most
+  vague and unfavourable character. We, however, cannot have any
+  wish to impute to Austria the sins of ill-advised diplomacy."
+
+The following are Herr Brandl's German translations of five of
+Wordsworth's sonnets:--
+
+
+                           1
+
+                 Andreas Hofer.
+
+      Von Sterblichen geboren sei der Held,
+        Der den Tirolern todeskuehn gebeut?
+        Ist etwa Tell's Geist aus der Ewigkeit
+      Gekehrt, zu wecken die verlor'ne Welt?
+
+      Er kommt wie Phoebus aus dem Morgenzelt,
+        Wenn sich die Finsterniss der Nacht zerstreut,
+        Und doch, wie schlicht! Ein Falkenschweif nur dreut
+      Von seinem Hut und fuellt sein Wappenfeld.
+
+      O Freiheit! Wie der Feind erbebt in Ruecken
+        Und Front und gerne floeh' in ~einer~ Fluth,
+      Waer' er nicht halb bedeckt von Felsenstuecken,
+        Gewaelzt von dieses Kaempfers Goettermuth!
+      Geeint sind Berg, Wald, Wildbach, zu erdruecken
+        Hohnlachend den Tyrann und seine Wuth.
+
+
+                           2[B]
+
+      Freiheit, ersteig aus deinem Heimatsland
+        Tirol! du Maedchen ernst und unzaehmbar
+        Und lieblich doch, der Berge Kind fuerwahr!
+      Ein Echo zwischen Fels und Alpenwand.
+
+      Und ueber Gletschern bist du festgebannt;
+        Ein Echo, das die Jagd im Morgengrau
+        Vom Schlaf' aufscheucht, dass Berg und Wald und Au
+      Und Hoehle droehnen, wo's unsichtbar stand,
+
+      Sein Spiel verkuendend. So urploetzlich strahl',
+        Du hehre Macht, hervor im Siegeslauf
+        Durch Wolkenwust, von Klippenknauf zu Knauf,
+      Durch Almenhuetten, durch das gruene Thal;
+        In dir dann jauchzen alle Alpen auf
+      Hier, dort und ueberall mit ~einem~ Mal!
+
+
+                           3
+
+              Gefuehle der Tiroler.
+
+      "Das Land ist uns vertraut vom Ahngeschlecht:
+        So sei's vererbt--und kost' es auch das Leben--
+      Den Kindern: das ist Pflicht und fromm und eben;
+        Natur und Gott, sie nennen es gerecht.
+
+      Wir ~muessen~ thun, was moeglich, im Gefecht:
+        Sieh' dies Gebot im Kindesauge leben,
+        Von Frauenlippen, aus dem Aether schweben;
+      Ihr Vaeter selbst aus Grabesmoder sprecht
+
+      Es laut empor.--So kling' in Sangesbraus
+        Der alten Lieder herzliche Musik!
+          Einstimmen Hirt und Heerde in den Reihen!
+      Ein opferwillig' Haeuflein zieh'n wir aus,
+        Die Waffen in den Haenden, Muth im Blick,
+          Der Tugend treu, die Menschheit zu befreien."
+
+
+                           4
+
+      Was nuetzt, ach! langes sittenkluges Streiten,
+        Das man aus "gut" und "boese" presst mit Mueh';
+        Was dummer Fleiss, zu hoeh'n die Energie
+      Und zu transcendentaler Ruh' zu leiten,
+
+      Dass jede Leidenschaft sich lasse reiten
+        Von der Vernunft in Allsuprematie:
+        Ist das nicht seltsam eitle Theorie,
+      Wenn Deutschland trotz so viel Spitzfindigkeiten
+
+      Dem rohen Schwert erliegt? Erroethen sollen
+        Die hohen Schulen! Muessen wir nicht sagen:
+      Mehr wussten wenig Regeln, starkes Wollen
+          Durch schlichte Alpenhirten auszufuehren
+        Fuer's Menschenwohl in diesen Unglueckstagen,
+          Als alles stolze Metaphysiciren?
+
+
+                           5
+
+   Auf die schliessliche Unterwerfung der Tiroler.
+
+      Ist einer ~guten~ Sache galt ihr Schlagen;
+        Wie haetten bei der Throne Niederfahrt
+        Sonst sie, die armen Schaefer, sich bewahrt
+      Begeisternd hohen Sinn und kraeftig Wagen?
+
+      Auch hat ihr Kampf fuer's Gute Frucht getragen:
+        Weckt nicht ihr Ruhm, die grosse Denkungsart
+        Auch uns den Muth, mit Rechtsgefuehl gepaart,
+      Der nicht zu kaufen ist, nicht zu zernagen?
+
+      Schlaft, Kaempfer! Unter euren Bergen ruht!
+        Dem strengsten Richter kann es nicht entgehen:
+          Nie kannte euer ~Herz~ das Retiriren.
+      Und bricht in hoechster Pein und Rachewuth
+        Europa los, so sollt ihr auferstehen,
+          ~Ganz~ ueber euern Feind zu triumphiren!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[B] Sonette 2 und 4 sind unbetitelt.
+
+
+
+
+"AND IS IT AMONG RUDE UNTUTORED DALES"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+This and the remaining sonnets of 1809 were placed among those
+"dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    And is it among rude untutored Dales,[1]
+    There, and there only, that the heart is true?
+    And, rising to repel or to subdue,
+    Is it by rocks and woods that man prevails?
+    Ah no! though Nature's dread protection fails,               5
+    There is a bulwark in the soul.[2] This knew
+    Iberian Burghers when the sword they drew
+    In Zaragoza, naked to the gales
+    Of fiercely-breathing war. The truth was felt
+    By Palafox, and many a brave compeer,                       10
+    Like him of noble birth and noble mind;
+    By ladies, meek-eyed women without fear;
+    And wanderers of the street, to whom is dealt
+    The bread which without industry they find.
+
+
+Palafox-y-Melzi, Don Joseph (1780-1847), immortalized by his heroic
+defence of Saragossa in 1808-9. He was of an old Aragon family, and
+entered the Spanish army at an early age. In 1808, when twenty-nine
+years of age, he was appointed governor of Saragossa, by the people of
+the town, who were menaced by the French armies. He defended it with a
+few men, against immense odds, and compelled the French to abandon the
+siege, after sixty-one days' attack, and the loss of thousands.
+Saragossa, however, was too important to lose, and Marshals Mortier and
+Moncy renewed the siege with a large army. Palafox (twice defeated
+outside) retired to the fortress as before, where the men, women, and
+children fought in defence, till the city was almost a heap of ruins.
+Typhus attacked the garrison within, while the French army assailed it
+from without. Palafox, smitten by the fever, had to give up the command
+to another, who signed a capitulation next day. He was sent a prisoner
+to Vincennes, and kept there for nearly five years, till the restoration
+of Ferdinand VII., when he was sent back on a secret mission to Madrid.
+In 1814 he was appointed Captain-General of Aragon; but for about thirty
+years--till his death in 1847--he took no part in public affairs.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... vales,                                         1809.
+
+[2] The word "soul" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1809 to 1832.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In Coleridge's _Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"O'ER THE WIDE EARTH, ON MOUNTAIN AND ON PLAIN"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    O'er the wide earth, on mountain and on plain,
+    Dwells in the affections and the soul of man
+    A Godhead, like the universal PAN;[B]
+    But more exalted, with a brighter train:
+    And shall his bounty be dispensed in vain,                   5
+    Showered equally on city and on field,
+    And neither hope nor stedfast promise yield
+    In these usurping times of fear and pain?
+    Such doom awaits us. Nay, forbid it Heaven!
+    We know the arduous strife, the eternal laws                10
+    To which the triumph of all good is given,
+    High sacrifice, and labour without pause,
+    Even to the death:--else wherefore should the eye
+    Of man converse with immortality?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In Coleridge's _Friend_, December 21.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare Aubrey de Vere's _Picturesque Sketches of Greece and
+Turkey_, vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.--ED.
+
+In _The Friend_ (edition 1812), the following footnote occurs--
+
+                         "... universal Pan,
+      Knit with the graces and the hours in dance,
+      Led on the eternal spring.--MILTON."                 ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HAIL, ZARAGOZA! IF WITH UNWET EYE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Hail, Zaragoza! If with unwet eye
+    We can approach, thy sorrow to behold,
+    Yet is the heart not pitiless nor cold;
+    Such spectacle demands not tear or sigh.
+    These desolate remains are trophies high                     5
+    Of more than martial courage in the breast
+    Of peaceful civic virtue:[A] they attest
+    Thy matchless worth to all posterity.
+    Blood flowed before thy sight without remorse;
+    Disease consumed thy vitals; War upheaved                   10
+    The ground beneath thee with volcanic force:
+    Dread trials! yet encountered and sustained
+    Till not a wreck of help or hope remained,
+    And law was from necessity[1] received.[B]
+
+
+See note to the sonnet beginning "And is it among rude untutored Dales"
+(p. 222). "Saragossa surrendered February 20, 1809, after a heroic
+defence, which may recall the sieges of Numantiaor Saguntum. Every
+street, almost every house, had been hotly contested; the monks, and
+even the women, had taken a conspicuous share in the defence; more than
+40,000 bodies of both sexes and every age testified to the obstinate
+courage of the besieged." (See Dyer's _History of Modern Europe_, vol.
+iv. p. 496.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] The word "necessity" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815 to
+1843.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare a passage in Wordsworth's Essay _Concerning the Convention
+of Cintra_ (1809, pp. 180-1), beginning "Most gloriously have the
+Citizens of Saragossa proved that the true army of Spain, in a contest
+of this nature, is the whole people."--ED.
+
+[B] The beginning is imitated from an Italian Sonnet.--W. W. 1815.
+
+In 1837 Wordsworth put it thus, "In this Sonnet I am under some
+obligations to one of an Italian author, to which I cannot refer." But
+it is to be noted that in the edition of 1837, this note does not refer
+to the sonnet on Saragossa, but to that beginning "O, for a kindling
+touch from that pure flame," belonging to the year 1816. In subsequent
+editions the note is reappended to this sonnet beginning "Hail,
+Zaragoza!"--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"SAY, WHAT IS HONOUR?--'TIS THE FINEST SENSE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Say, what is Honour?--'Tis the finest sense
+    Of _justice_ which the human mind can frame,
+    Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,
+    And guard the way of life from all offence
+    Suffered or done. When lawless violence                      5
+    Invades a Realm, so pressed that in the scale[1]
+    Of perilous war her weightiest armies fail,
+    Honour is hopeful elevation,--whence
+    Glory, and triumph. Yet with politic skill
+    Endangered States may yield to terms unjust;                10
+    Stoop their proud heads, but not unto the dust--
+    A Foe's most favourite purpose to fulfil:
+    Happy occasions oft by self-mistrust
+    Are forfeited; but infamy doth kill.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      A Kingdom doth assault, and in the scale           1815.
+
+
+
+
+"BRAVE SCHILL! BY DEATH DELIVERED, TAKE THY FLIGHT"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Brave Schill! by death delivered, take thy flight
+    From Prussia's timid region. Go, and rest
+    With heroes, 'mid the islands of the Blest,
+    Or in the fields of empyrean light.
+    A meteor wert thou crossing a dark night:[1]                 5
+    Yet shall thy name, conspicuous and sublime,
+    Stand in the spacious firmament of time,
+    Fixed as a star: such glory is thy right.
+    Alas! it may not be: for earthly fame
+    Is Fortune's frail dependant; yet their lives               10
+    A Judge, who, as man claims by merit, gives;
+    To whose all-pondering mind a noble aim,
+    Faithfully kept, is as a noble deed;
+    In whose pure sight all virtue doth succeed.
+
+
+Ferdinand von Schill, a distinguished Prussian officer, born 1773,
+entered the army 1789, was seriously wounded in the battle of Jena, but
+took the field again at the head of a free corps. Indignant at the
+subjection of his country to Buonaparte, he resolved to make a great
+effort for the liberation of Germany, collected a small body of troops,
+and commenced operations on the Elbe; but after a few successes was
+overpowered and slain at Stralsund, May 31, 1809. On June 4, 1809,
+Wordsworth writing to Daniel Stewart, editor of _The Courier_ newspaper,
+says, "Many thanks for the newspaper. Schill is a fine fellow." The
+sonnet was doubtless inspired by what he thus heard of Schill.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... in a darksome night:                           1815.
+
+
+
+
+"CALL NOT THE ROYAL SWEDE UNFORTUNATE"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Call not the royal Swede unfortunate,
+    Who never did to Fortune bend the knee;
+    Who slighted fear; rejected steadfastly
+    Temptation; and whose kingly name and state
+    Have "perished by his choice, and not his fate!"             5
+    Hence lives He, to his inner self endeared;
+    And hence, wherever virtue is revered,
+    He sits a more exalted Potentate,
+    Throned in the hearts of men. Should Heaven ordain
+    That this great Servant of a righteous cause                10
+    Must still have sad or vexing thoughts to endure,
+    Yet may a sympathizing spirit pause,
+    Admonished by these truths, and quench all pain
+    In thankful joy and gratulation pure.
+
+
+The royal Swede, "who never did to Fortune bend the knee," was Gustavus
+IV. He abdicated in 1809, and came to London at the close of the year
+1810. Compare the earlier sonnet on the same King of Sweden (vol. ii. p.
+338), beginning--
+
+      The Voice of song from distant lands shall call.
+
+In the edition of 1827, Wordsworth added the following note:--"In this
+and a former Sonnet, in honour of the same Sovereign, let me be
+understood as a Poet availing himself of the situation which the King of
+Sweden occupied, and of the principles avowed in his manifestos; as
+laying hold of these advantages for the purpose of embodying moral
+truths. This remark might, perhaps, as well have been suppressed; for to
+those who may be in sympathy with the course of these Poems, it will be
+superfluous; and will, I fear, be thrown away upon that other class,
+whose besotted admiration of the intoxicated despot here placed in
+contrast with him, is the most melancholy evidence of degradation in
+British feeling and intellect which the times have furnished."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"LOOK NOW ON THAT ADVENTURER WHO HATH PAID"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Look now on that Adventurer who hath paid
+    His vows to Fortune; who, in cruel slight
+    Of virtuous hope, of liberty, and right,
+    Hath followed wheresoe'er a way was made
+    By the blind Goddess,--ruthless, undismayed;                 5
+    And so hath gained at length a prosperous height,
+    Round which the elements of worldly might
+    Beneath his haughty feet, like clouds, are laid.
+    O joyless power that stands by lawless force!
+    Curses are _his_ dire portion, scorn, and hate,             10
+    Internal darkness and unquiet breath;
+    And, if old judgments keep their sacred course,
+    Him from that height shall Heaven precipitate
+    By violent and ignominious death.
+
+
+The "Adventurer" who "paid his vows to Fortune," in contrast to the
+royal Swede "who never did to Fortune bend the knee," was of course
+Napoleon Buonaparte.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"IS THERE A POWER THAT CAN SUSTAIN AND CHEER"
+
+Composed 1809.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Is there a power that can sustain and cheer
+    The captive chieftain, by a tyrant's doom,
+    Forced to descend into his destined tomb--[1]
+    A dungeon dark! where he must waste the year,
+    And lie cut off from all his heart holds dear;               5
+    What time his injured country is a stage
+    Whereon deliberate Valour and the rage
+    Of righteous Vengeance side by side appear,
+    Filling from morn to night the heroic scene
+    With deeds of hope and everlasting praise:--                10
+    Say can he think of this with mind serene
+    And silent fetters? Yes, if visions bright
+    Shine on his soul, reflected from the days
+    When he himself was tried in open light.
+
+
+This may refer to Palafox, alluded to in the sonnet (p. 222) beginning,
+"And is it among rude untutored Dales," and in the one next in order in
+the series (p. 223); although, from the latter sonnet, it would seem
+that Wordsworth did not know that Palafox was, in 1809, a prisoner at
+Vincennes.
+
+In his edition of the poems published in 1837, Professor Henry Reed of
+Philadelphia said, "He must be dull of heart who, in perusing this
+series of Poems 'dedicated to Liberty,' does not feel his affection for
+his own country--wherever it may be--and his love of freedom, under
+whatever form of government his lot may have been cast--at once
+invigorated and chastened into a purer and more thoughtful
+emotion."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Forced to descend alive into his tomb,             1815.
+
+The text of 1815 was re-adopted in 1838; the text of 1840 returned to
+that of 1837.
+
+
+
+
+EPITAPHS TRANSLATED FROM CHIABRERA
+
+
+[Those from Chiabrera were chiefly translated when Mr. Coleridge was
+writing his _Friend_, in which periodical my "Essay on Epitaphs,"
+written about that time, was first published. For further notice of
+Chiabrera, in connection with his Epitaphs, see _Musings near
+Aquapendente_.--I. F.]
+
+It is better to print all the Epitaphs from Chiabrera together, than to
+spread them out over the years when they were written or published. Some
+of them were certainly written in 1809, or at least before 1810; others
+at a later date. But it is impossible to say in what year those
+published after 1810 were composed. They are all to be found in the
+class of "Epitaphs and Elegiac Pieces."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         I
+
+    "WEEP NOT, BELOVED FRIENDS! NOR LET THE AIR"
+
+                  Published 1837
+
+
+    Weep not, beloved Friends! nor let the air
+    For me with sighs be troubled. Not from life
+    Have I been taken; this is genuine life
+    And this alone--the life which now I live
+    In peace eternal; where desire and joy                       5
+    Together move in fellowship without end.--
+    Francesco Ceni willed that, after death,
+    His tombstone thus should speak for him.[1] And surely
+    Small cause there is for that fond wish of ours
+    Long to continue in this world; a world                     10
+    That keeps not faith, nor yet can point a hope
+    To good, whereof itself is destitute.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1849.
+
+      Francesco Ceni after death enjoined
+      That thus his tomb should speak for him ...        1837.
+
+
+
+
+                        II
+
+    "PERHAPS SOME NEEDFUL SERVICE OF THE STATE"
+
+                Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    Perhaps some needful service of the State
+    Drew TITUS from the depth of studious bowers,
+    And doomed him to contend in faithless courts,
+    Where gold determines between right and wrong.
+    Yet did at length his loyalty of heart,                      5
+    And his pure native genius, lead him back
+    To wait upon the bright and gracious Muses,
+    Whom he had early loved. And not in vain
+    Such course he held! Bologna's learned schools
+    Were gladdened by the Sage's voice, and hung                10
+    With fondness on those sweet Nestorian strains.[1]
+    There pleasure crowned his days; and all his thoughts
+    A roseate fragrance breathed.[2][B]--O human life,
+    That never art secure from dolorous change!
+    Behold a high injunction suddenly                           15
+    To Arno's side hath brought him,[3] and he charmed
+    A Tuscan audience: but full soon was called
+    To the perpetual silence of the grave.
+    Mourn, Italy, the loss of him who stood
+    A Champion stedfast and invincible,                         20
+    To quell the rage of literary War!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... Nestrian                                       1810.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      There did he live content; and all his thoughts
+      Were blithe as vernal flowers.--                   1810.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      To Arno's side conducts him,                       1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, February 22.--ED.
+
+[B]   Ivi vivea giocondo ei suoi pensieri
+      Erano tutti rose.
+
+The Translator had not skill to come nearer to his original.--W. W.
+1815.
+
+
+
+
+                      III
+
+    "O THOU WHO MOVEST ONWARD WITH A MIND"
+
+             Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    O Thou who movest onward with a mind
+    Intent upon thy way, pause, though in haste!
+    'Twill be no fruitless moment. I was born
+    Within Savona's walls, of gentle blood.
+    On Tiber's banks my youth was dedicate                       5
+    To sacred studies; and the Roman Shepherd
+    Gave to my charge Urbino's numerous flock.
+    Well[1] did I watch, much laboured, nor had power
+    To escape from many and strange indignities;
+    Was smitten by the great ones of the world,                 10
+    But did not fall; for Virtue braves all shocks,
+    Upon herself resting immoveably.
+    Me did a kindlier fortune then invite
+    To serve the glorious Henry, King of France,
+    And in his hands I saw a high reward                        15
+    Stretched out for my acceptance,--but Death came.
+    Now, Reader, learn from this my fate, how false,
+    How treacherous to her promise, is the world;
+    And trust in God--to whose eternal doom
+    Must bend the sceptred Potentates of earth.                 20
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Much ...                                           1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, February 22.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         IV
+
+    "THERE NEVER BREATHED A MAN WHO, WHEN HIS LIFE"
+
+                 Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    There never breathed a man who, when his life
+    Was closing, might not of that life relate
+    Toils long and hard.--The warrior will report
+    Of wounds, and bright swords flashing in the field,
+    And blast of trumpets. He who hath been doomed               5
+    To bow his forehead in the courts of kings,
+    Will tell of fraud and never-ceasing hate,
+    Envy and heart-inquietude, derived
+    From intricate cabals of treacherous friends.
+    I, who on shipboard lived from earliest youth,              10
+    Could represent the countenance horrible
+    Of the vexed waters, and the indignant rage
+    Of Auster and Booetes. Fifty[1] years
+    Over the well-steered galleys did I rule:--
+    From huge Pelorus to the Atlantic pillars,                  15
+    Rises no mountain to mine eyes unknown;
+    And the broad gulfs I traversed oft and oft:
+    Of every cloud which in the heavens might stir
+    I knew the force; and hence the rough sea's pride
+    Availed not to my Vessel's overthrow.                       20
+    What noble pomp and frequent have not I
+    On regal decks beheld! yet in the end
+    I learned[2] that one poor moment can suffice
+    To equalise the lofty and the low.
+    We sail the sea of life--a _Calm_ One finds,                25
+    And One a _Tempest_--and, the voyage o'er,
+    Death is the quiet haven of us all.
+    If more of my condition ye would know,
+    Savona was my birth-place, and I sprang
+    Of noble parents: seventy[3] years and three                30
+    Lived I--then yielded to a slow disease.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      ... Forty ...                                      1809.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      I learn ...                                        1809.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      ... sixty ...                                      1809.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 28.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                     V
+
+    "TRUE IS IT THAT AMBROSIO SALINERO"
+
+              Published 1837
+
+
+    True is it that Ambrosio Salinero
+    With an untoward fate was long involved
+    In odious litigation; and full long,
+    Fate harder still! had he to endure assaults
+    Of racking malady. And true it is                            5
+    That not the less a frank courageous heart
+    And buoyant spirit triumphed over pain;
+    And he was strong to follow in the steps
+    Of the fair Muses. Not a covert path
+    Leads to the dear Parnassian forest's shade,                10
+    That might from him be hidden; not a track
+    Mounts to pellucid Hippocrene, but he
+    Had traced its windings.--This Savona knows,
+    Yet no sepulchral honours to her Son
+    She paid, for in our age the heart is ruled                 15
+    Only by gold. And now a simple stone
+    Inscribed with this memorial here is raised
+    By his bereft, his lonely, Chiabrera.
+    Think not, O Passenger! who read'st the lines
+    That an exceeding love hath dazzled me;                     20
+    No--he was One whose memory ought to spread
+    Where'er Permessus bears an honoured name,
+    And live as long as its pure stream shall flow.[A]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare S. T. Coleridge's poem, _A Tombless Epitaph_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                     VI
+
+    "DESTINED TO WAR FROM VERY INFANCY"
+
+             Published 1809[A]
+
+
+    Destined to war from very infancy
+    Was I, Roberto Dati, and I took
+    In Malta the white symbol of the Cross:
+    Nor in life's vigorous season did I shun
+    Hazard or toil; among the sands was seen                     5
+    Of Libya; and not seldom, on the banks
+    Of wide Hungarian Danube, 'twas my lot
+    To hear the sanguinary trumpet sounded.
+    So lived I, and repined not at such fate:
+    This only grieves me, for it seems a wrong,                 10
+    That stripped of arms I to my end am brought
+    On the soft down of my paternal home.
+    Yet haply Arno shall be spared all cause
+    To blush for me. Thou, loiter not nor halt
+    In thy appointed way, and bear in mind                      15
+    How fleeting and how frail is human life!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, December 28.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+                         VII
+
+    "O FLOWER OF ALL THAT SPRINGS FROM GENTLE BLOOD"
+
+                   Published 1837
+
+
+    O flower of all that springs from gentle blood,
+    And all that generous nurture breeds to make
+    Youth amiable; O friend so true of soul
+    To fair Aglaia; by what envy moved,
+    Lelius! has death cut short thy brilliant day                5
+    In its sweet opening? and what dire mishap
+    Has from Savona torn her best delight?
+    For thee she mourns, nor e'er will cease to mourn;
+    And, should the out-pourings of her eyes suffice not
+    For her heart's grief, she will entreat Sebeto              10
+    Not to withhold his bounteous aid, Sebeto
+    Who saw thee, on his margin, yield to death,
+    In the chaste arms of thy beloved Love!
+    What profit riches? what does youth avail?
+    Dust are our hopes;--I, weeping bitterly,                   15
+    Penned these sad lines, nor can forbear to pray
+    That every gentle Spirit hither led
+    May read them not without some bitter tears.
+
+
+
+
+                      VIII
+
+    "NOT WITHOUT HEAVY GRIEF OF HEART DID HE"
+
+               Published 1810[A]
+
+
+    Not without heavy grief of heart did He
+    On whom the duty fell (for at that time
+    The father sojourned in a distant land)
+    Deposit in the hollow of this tomb
+    A brother's Child, most tenderly beloved!                    5
+    FRANCESCO was the name the Youth had borne,
+    POZZOBONNELLI his illustrious house;
+    And, when beneath this stone the Corse was laid,
+    The eyes of all Savona streamed with tears.
+    Alas! the twentieth April of his life                       10
+    Had scarcely flowered: and at this early time,
+    By genuine virtue he inspired a hope
+    That greatly cheered his country: to his kin
+    He promised comfort; and the flattering thoughts
+    His friends had in their fondness entertained,[B]           15
+    He suffered not to languish or decay.
+    Now is there not good reason to break forth
+    Into a passionate lament?--O Soul!
+    Short while a Pilgrim in our nether world,
+    Do thou enjoy the calm empyreal air;                        20
+    And round this earthly tomb let roses rise,
+    An everlasting spring! in memory
+    Of that delightful fragrance which was once
+    From thy mild manners quietly exhaled.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In _The Friend_, January 4.--ED.
+
+[B] In justice to the Author I subjoin the original--
+
+                     ... e degli amici
+      Non lasciava languire i bei pensieri.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+                         IX
+
+    "PAUSE, COURTEOUS SPIRIT!--BALBI SUPPLICATES"[A]
+
+                 Published 1810[B]
+
+
+    Pause, courteous Spirit!--Balbi supplicates
+    That Thou, with no reluctant voice, for him
+    Here laid in mortal darkness, wouldst prefer
+    A prayer to the Redeemer of the world.
+    This to the dead by sacred right belongs;                    5
+    All else is nothing.--Did occasion suit
+    To tell his worth, the marble of this tomb
+    Would ill suffice: for Plato's lore sublime,
+    And all the wisdom of the Stagyrite,
+    Enriched and beautified his studious mind:                  10
+    With Archimedes also he conversed
+    As with a chosen friend; nor did he leave
+    Those laureat wreaths ungathered which the Nymphs
+    Twine near their loved Permessus.[1]--Finally,
+    Himself above each lower thought uplifting,                 15
+    His ears he closed to listen to the songs[2]
+    Which Sion's Kings did consecrate of old;
+    And his Permessus found on Lebanon.[3]
+    A blessed Man! who of protracted days
+    Made not, as thousands do, a vulgar sleep;                  20
+    But truly did _He_ live his life. Urbino,
+    Take pride in him!--O Passenger, farewell!
+
+
+I have been unable to obtain any definite information in reference to
+the persons commemorated in these epitaphs by Chiabrera: Francesco Ceni,
+Titus, Ambrosio Salinero, Roberto Dati, Lelius, Francesco Pozzobonnelli,
+and Balbi. Mr. W. M. Rossetti writes to me that he "supposes all the men
+named by Chiabrera to be such as enjoyed a certain local and temporary
+reputation, which has hardly passed down to any sort of posterity, and
+certainly not to the ordinary English reader."
+
+Chiabrera was born at Savona on the 8th of June 1552, and educated at
+Rome. He entered the service of Cardinal Cornaro, married in his 50th
+year, lived to the age of 85, and died October 14, 1637. His poetical
+faculty showed itself late. "Having commenced to read the Greek writers
+at home, he conceived a great admiration for Pindar, and strove
+successfully to imitate him. He was not less happy in catching the naive
+and pleasant spirit of Anacreon; his canzonetti being distinguished for
+their ease and elegance, while his _Lettere Famigliari_ was the first
+attempt to introduce the poetical epistle into Italian Literature. He
+wrote also several epics, bucolics, and dramatic poems. His _Opere_
+appeared at Venice, in 6 vols., in 1768."
+
+Wordsworth says of him, in his _Essay on Epitaphs_, where translations
+of two of those Epitaphs of Chiabrera first appeared (see _The Friend_,
+February 22, 1810, and notes to _The Excursion_)--"His life was long,
+and every part of it bore appropriate fruits. Urbino, his birth-place,
+might be proud of him, and the passenger who was entreated to pray for
+his soul has a wish breathed for his welfare.... The Epitaphs of
+Chiabrera are twenty-nine in number, and all of them, save two, upon men
+probably little known at this day in their own country, and scarcely at
+all beyond the limits of it; and the reader is generally made acquainted
+with the moral and intellectual excellence which distinguished them by a
+brief history of the course of their lives, or a selection of events and
+circumstances, and thus they are individualized; but in the two other
+instances, namely, in those of Tasso and Raphael, he enters into no
+particulars, but contents himself with four lines expressing one
+sentiment, upon the principle laid down in the former part of this
+discourse, when the subject of the epitaph is a man of prime note...."
+
+Compare the poem _Musings near Aquapendente_. In reference to the places
+referred to in these Epitaphs of Chiabrera, it may be mentioned that
+Savona (Epitaphs III., IV., V., VII., VIII.) is a town in the Genovese
+territory; Permessus (Epitaphs V. and IX.) a river of Boeotia, rising
+in Mount Helicon and flowing round it, hence sacred to the Muses; and
+that the fountain of Hippocrene--also referred to in Epitaph V.--was not
+far distant. Sebeto (Epitaph VII.), now cape Faro, is a Sicilian
+promontory.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Twine on the top of Pindus.-- ...                  1810.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      ... Song                                           1810.
+
+[3] 1837.
+
+      And fixed his Pindus upon Lebanon.                 1810.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Wordsworth's extended commentary on this sonnet in his _Essay on
+Epitaphs_ (see his "Prose Works" in this edition), should here be
+referred to.--ED.
+
+[B] In _The Friend_, January 4.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1810
+
+
+As indicated in the editorial note to the poems belonging to the year
+1809, those of 1810 were mainly sonnets, suggested by the events
+occurring on the Continent of Europe, and the patriotic efforts of the
+Spaniards to resist Napoleon. I have assigned the two referring to
+Flamininus, entitled _On a Celebrated Event in Ancient History_, to the
+same year. They were first published in 1815, and seem to have been due
+to the same impulse which led Wordsworth to write the "Sonnets dedicated
+to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"AH! WHERE IS PALAFOX? NOR TONGUE NOR PEN"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+All the sonnets of 1810 were "dedicated to Liberty." In every edition
+this poem had for its title the date _1810_.--ED.
+
+
+    Ah! where is Palafox? Nor tongue nor pen
+    Reports of him, his dwelling or his grave!
+    Does yet the unheard-of vessel ride the wave?
+    Or is she swallowed up, remote from ken
+    Of pitying human-nature? Once again                          5
+    Methinks that we shall hail thee, Champion brave,
+    Redeemed to baffle that imperial Slave,
+    And through all Europe cheer desponding men
+    With new-born hope. Unbounded is the might
+    Of martyrdom, and fortitude, and right.                     10
+    Hark, how thy Country triumphs!--Smilingly
+    The Eternal looks upon her sword that gleams,
+    Like his own lightning, over mountains high,
+    On rampart, and the banks of all her streams.
+
+
+See notes to sonnets (pp. 223 and 229).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"IN DUE OBSERVANCE OF AN ANCIENT RITE"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    In due observance of an ancient rite,
+    The rude Biscayans, when their children lie
+    Dead in the sinless time of infancy,
+    Attire the peaceful corse in vestments white;
+    And, in like sign of cloudless triumph bright,               5
+    They bind the unoffending creature's brows
+    With happy garlands of the pure white rose:
+    Then do[1] a festal company unite
+    In choral song; and, while the uplifted cross
+    Of Jesus goes before, the child is borne                    10
+    Uncovered to his grave: 'tis closed,--her loss
+    The Mother _then_ mourns, as she needs must mourn;
+    But soon, through Christian faith, is grief subdued;[2]
+    And joy returns, to brighten fortitude.[3]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      This done, ...                                     1815.
+
+[2] 1837.
+
+      Uncovered to his grave.--Her piteous loss
+      The lonesome Mother cannot chuse but mourn;
+      Yet soon by Christian faith is grief subdued,      1815.
+
+[3] C. and 1838.
+
+      And joy attends upon her fortitude.                1815.
+
+      Or joy returns to brighten fortitude.              1837.
+
+
+
+
+FEELINGS OF A NOBLE BISCAYAN AT ONE OF THOSE FUNERALS, 1810
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Yet, yet, Biscayans! we must meet our Foes
+    With firmer soul, yet labour to regain
+    Our ancient freedom; else 'twere worse than vain
+    To gather round the bier these festal shows.
+    A garland fashioned of the pure white rose                   5
+    Becomes not one whose father is a slave:
+    Oh, bear the infant covered to his grave!
+    These venerable mountains now enclose
+    A people sunk in apathy and fear.
+    If this endure, farewell, for us, all good!                 10
+    The awful light of heavenly innocence
+    Will fail to illuminate the infant's bier;
+    And guilt and shame, from which is no defence,
+    Descend on all that issues from our blood.
+
+
+
+
+ON A CELEBRATED EVENT IN ANCIENT HISTORY
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    A Roman Master stands on Grecian ground,
+    And to the people at the Isthmian Games
+    Assembled, He, by a herald's voice, proclaims[1]
+    THE LIBERTY OF GREECE:--the words rebound
+    Until all voices in one voice are drowned;                   5
+    Glad acclamation by which air was[2] rent!
+    And birds, high flying in the element,
+    Dropped[3] to the earth, astonished at the sound!
+    Yet were the thoughtful grieved; and still that voice
+    Haunts, with sad echoes, musing Fancy's ear:[4]             10
+    Ah! that a _Conqueror's_ words[5] should be so dear:
+    Ah! that a _boon_ could shed such rapturous joys!
+    A gift of that which is not to be given
+    By all the blended powers of Earth and Heaven.
+
+
+This "Roman Master" "on Grecian ground" was T. Quintius Flamininus, one
+of the ablest and noblest of the Roman generals (230-174 B.C.). He was
+successful against Philip of Macedon, overran Thessaly in 198, and
+conquered the Macedonian army in 197, defeating Philip at Cynoscephalae.
+He concluded a peace with the vanquished. "In the spring of 196, the
+Roman commission arrived in Greece to arrange, conjointly with
+Flamininus, the affairs of the country: they also brought with them the
+terms on which a definite peace was to be concluded with Philip.... The
+Aetolians exerted themselves to excite suspicions among the Greeks as
+to the sincerity of the Romans in their dealings with them. Flamininus,
+however, insisted upon immediate compliance with the terms of the
+peace.... In this summer, the Isthmian games were celebrated at Corinth,
+and thousands from all parts of Greece flocked thither. Flamininus,
+accompanied by the ten commissioners, entered the assembly, and, at his
+command, a herald, in name of the Roman Senate, proclaimed the freedom
+and independence of Greece. The joy and enthusiasm at this unexpected
+declaration was beyond all description: the throngs of people that
+crowded around Flamininus to catch a sight of their liberator or touch
+his garment were so enormous, that even his life was endangered."
+(Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_: Art. Flamininus, No.
+4.)--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      And to the Concourse of the Isthmian Games
+      He, by his Herald's voice, aloud proclaims         1815.
+
+[2] 1815.
+
+      ... is ...                                         1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[3] 1815.
+
+      Drop ...                                           1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[4] 1837.
+
+                           ... at the sound!
+      --A melancholy Echo of that noise
+      Doth sometimes hang on musing Fancy's ear:         1815.
+
+[5] 1815.
+
+      ... word ...                                       1827.
+
+    The text of 1837 returns to that of 1815.
+
+
+
+
+UPON THE SAME EVENT
+
+Composed (probably) 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    When, far and wide, swift as the beams of morn
+    The tidings passed of servitude repealed,
+    And of that joy which shook the Isthmian Field,
+    The rough Aetolians smiled with bitter scorn.
+    "'Tis known," cried they, "that he, who would adorn
+    His envied temples with the Isthmian crown,                  6
+    Must either win, through effort of his own,
+    The prize, or be content to see it worn
+    By more deserving brows.--Yet so ye prop,
+    Sons of the brave who fought at Marathon,                   10
+    Your feeble spirits! Greece her head hath bowed,
+    As if the wreath of liberty thereon
+    Would fix itself as smoothly as a cloud,
+    Which, at Jove's will, descends on Pelion's top."
+
+
+The Aetolians were the only Greeks that entertained suspicion of the
+Roman designs from the first. When Flamininus was wintering in Phocis in
+196, and an insurrection broke out at Opus, some of the citizens had
+called in the aid of the Aetolians against the Macedonian garrison; but
+the gates of the city were not opened to admit the Aetolian volunteers
+till Flamininus arrived. Then in the battle at the heights of
+Cynoscephalae, where the Macedonian army was routed, the Aetolian
+contingent, which had helped Flamininus, claimed the sole credit of the
+victory; and wished no truce made with Philip, as they were bent on the
+destruction of the Macedonian power. The Aetolians aimed subsequently at
+exciting suspicion against the sincerity of Flamininus. In the second
+sonnet, Wordsworth's sympathy seems to have been with the Aetolians, as
+much as it was with the Swiss and the Tyrolese in their attitude to
+Buonaparte. But Flamininus was not a Napoleon.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+THE OAK OF GUERNICA
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+The ancient oak of Guernica, says Laborde in his account of Biscay, is a
+  most venerable natural monument. Ferdinand and Isabella, in the year
+  1476, after hearing mass in the church of Santa Maria de la Antigua,
+  repaired to this tree, under which they swore to the Biscayans to
+  maintain their _fueros_ (privileges). What other interest belongs to
+  it in the minds of this people will appear from the following
+
+
+      SUPPOSED ADDRESS TO THE SAME. 1810
+
+    Oak of Guernica! Tree of holier power
+    Than that which in Dodona did enshrine
+    (So faith too fondly deemed) a voice divine
+    Heard from the depths of its aerial bower--
+    How canst thou flourish at this blighting hour?              5
+    What hope, what joy can sunshine bring to thee,
+    Or the soft breezes from the Atlantic sea,
+    The dews of morn, or April's tender shower?
+    Stroke merciful and welcome would that be
+    Which should extend thy branches on the ground,             10
+    If never more within their shady round
+    Those lofty-minded Lawgivers shall meet,
+    Peasant and lord, in their appointed seat,
+    Guardians of Biscay's ancient liberty.
+
+
+Prophetic power was believed to reside within the grove which surrounded
+the temple of Jupiter near Dodona, in Epirus, and oracles were given
+forth from the boughs of the sacred oak.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+INDIGNATION OF A HIGH-MINDED SPANIARD, 1810
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    We can endure that He should waste our lands,
+    Despoil our temples, and by sword and flame
+    Return us to the dust from which we came;
+    Such food a Tyrant's appetite demands:
+    And we can brook the thought that by his hands               5
+    Spain may be overpowered, and he possess,
+    For his delight, a solemn wilderness
+    Where all the brave lie dead. But, when of bands
+    Which he will break for us he dares to speak,
+    Of benefits, and of a future day                            10
+    When our enlightened minds shall bless his sway;
+    _Then_, the strained heart of fortitude proves weak;
+    Our groans, our blushes, our pale cheeks declare
+    That he has power to inflict what we lack strength to bear.
+
+
+Compare the two sonnets _On a Celebrated Event in Ancient History_ (pp.
+242-44). The following note to the last line of this sonnet occurs in
+Professor Reed's American edition of the Poems:--"The student of English
+poetry will call to mind Cowley's impassioned expression of the
+indignation of a Briton under the depression of disasters somewhat
+similar.
+
+                 Let rather Roman come again,
+                 Or Saxon, Norman, or the Dane:
+                 In all the bonds we ever bore,
+      We grieved, we sighed, we wept, _we never blushed before_."
+
+See Cowley's _Discourse on the Government of Oliver Cromwell_.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"AVAUNT ALL SPECIOUS PLIANCY OF MIND"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind
+    In men of low degree, all smooth pretence!
+    I better like a blunt indifference,
+    And self-respecting slowness, disinclined
+    To win me at first sight: and be there joined                5
+    Patience and temperance with this high reserve,
+    Honour that knows the path and will not swerve;
+    Affections, which, if put to proof, are kind;
+    And piety towards God. Such men of old
+    Were England's native growth; and, throughout Spain,
+    (Thanks to high God) forests of such remain:[1]             11
+    Then for that Country let our hopes be bold;
+    For matched with these shall policy prove vain,
+    Her arts, her strength, her iron, and her gold.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Forests of such do at this day remain;             1815.
+
+
+
+
+"O'ERWEENING STATESMEN HAVE FULL LONG RELIED"
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+In all the editions this poem has for its title the date _1810_.--ED.
+
+
+    O'erweening Statesmen have full long relied
+    On fleets and armies, and external wealth:
+    But from _within_ proceeds a Nation's health;
+    Which shall not fail, though poor men cleave with pride
+    To the paternal floor; or turn aside,                        5
+    In the thronged city, from the walks of gain,
+    As being all unworthy to detain
+    A Soul by contemplation sanctified.
+    There are who cannot languish in this strife,
+    Spaniards of every rank, by whom the good                   10
+    Of such high course was felt and understood;
+    Who to their Country's cause have bound a life
+    Erewhile, by solemn consecration, given
+    To labour, and to prayer, to nature, and to heaven.[A]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] See Laborde's Character of the Spanish People; from him the
+sentiment of these two last lines is taken.--W. W. 1815.
+
+
+
+
+THE FRENCH AND THE SPANISH GUERILLAS
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1815
+
+
+    Hunger, and sultry heat, and nipping blast
+    From bleak hill-top, and length of march by night
+    Through heavy swamp, or over snow-clad height--
+    These hardships ill-sustained, these dangers past,
+    The roving Spanish Bands are reached at last,                5
+    Charged, and dispersed like foam: but as a flight
+    Of scattered quails by signs do reunite,
+    So these,--and, heard of once again, are chased
+    With combinations of long-practised art
+    And newly-kindled hope; but they are fled--                 10
+    Gone are they, viewless as the buried dead:
+    Where now?--Their sword is at the Foeman's heart!
+    And thus from year to year his walk they thwart,
+    And hang like dreams around his guilty bed.
+
+
+See the note appended to the sonnet entitled _Spanish Guerillas_ (p.
+254).--ED.
+
+
+
+
+MATERNAL GRIEF
+
+Composed 1810.--Published 1842
+
+
+[This was in part an overflow from the Solitary's description of his own
+and his wife's feelings upon the decease of their children. (See
+_Excursion_, book 3rd.)--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems founded on the Affections."--ED.
+
+
+    Departed Child! I could forget thee once
+    Though at my bosom nursed; this woeful gain
+    Thy dissolution brings, that in my soul
+    Is present and perpetually abides
+    A shadow, never, never to be displaced                       5
+    By the returning substance, seen or touched,
+    Seen by mine eyes, or clasped in my embrace.
+    Absence and death how differ they! and how
+    Shall I admit that nothing can restore
+    What one short sigh so easily removed?--                    10
+    Death, life, and sleep, reality and thought,
+    Assist me, God, their boundaries to know,
+    O teach me calm submission to thy Will!
+
+      The Child she mourned had overstepped the pale
+    Of Infancy, but still did breathe the air                   15
+    That sanctifies its confines, and partook
+    Reflected beams of that celestial light[A]
+    To all the Little-ones on sinful earth
+    Not unvouchsafed--a light that warmed and cheered
+    Those several qualities of heart and mind                   20
+    Which, in her own blest nature, rooted deep,
+    Daily before the Mother's watchful eye,
+    And not hers only, their peculiar charms
+    Unfolded,--beauty, for its present self,
+    And for its promises to future years,                       25
+    With not unfrequent rapture fondly hailed.
+
+      Have you espied upon a dewy lawn
+    A pair of Leverets each provoking each
+    To a continuance of their fearless sport,
+    Two separate Creatures in their several gifts               30
+    Abounding, but so fashioned that, in all
+    That Nature prompts them to display, their looks,
+    Their starts of motion and their fits of rest,
+    An undistinguishable style appears
+    And character of gladness, as if Spring                     35
+    Lodged in their innocent bosoms, and the spirit
+    Of the rejoicing morning were their own?
+
+      Such union, in the lovely Girl maintained
+    And her twin Brother, had the parent seen,
+    Ere, pouncing like a ravenous bird of prey,                 40
+    Death in a moment parted them, and left
+    The Mother, in her turns of anguish, worse
+    Than desolate; for oft-times from the sound
+    Of the survivor's sweetest voice (dear child,
+    He knew it not) and from his happiest looks,                45
+    Did she extract the food of self-reproach,
+    As one that lived ungrateful for the stay
+    By Heaven afforded to uphold her maimed
+    And tottering spirit. And full oft the Boy,
+    Now first acquainted with distress and grief,               50
+    Shrunk from his Mother's presence, shunned with fear
+    Her sad approach, and stole away to find,
+    In his known haunts of joy where'er he might,
+    A more congenial object. But, as time
+    Softened her pangs and reconciled the child                 55
+    To what he saw, he gradually returned,
+    Like a scared Bird encouraged to renew
+    A broken intercourse; and, while his eyes
+    Were yet with pensive fear and gentle awe
+    Turned upon her who bore him, she would stoop               60
+    To imprint a kiss that lacked not power to spread
+    Faint colour over both their pallid cheeks,
+    And stilled his tremulous lip. Thus they were calmed
+    And cheered; and now together breathe fresh air
+    In open fields; and when the glare of day                   65
+    Is gone, and twilight to the Mother's wish
+    Befriends the observance, readily they join
+    In walks whose boundary is the lost One's grave,
+    Which he with flowers hath planted, finding there
+    Amusement, where the Mother does not miss                   70
+    Dear consolation, kneeling on the turf
+    In prayer, yet blending with that solemn rite
+    Of pious faith the vanities of grief;
+    For such, by pitying Angels and by Spirits
+    Transferred to regions upon which the clouds                75
+    Of our weak nature rest not, must be deemed
+    Those willing tears, and unforbidden sighs,
+    And all those tokens of a cherished sorrow,
+    Which, soothed and sweetened by the grace of Heaven
+    As now it is, seems to her own fond heart,                  80
+    Immortal as the love that gave it being.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare the _Ode, Intimations of Immortality_, l. 4, and _passim_
+(vol. viii.)--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1811
+
+
+In the spring of 1811 Wordsworth left Allan Bank, to reside for two
+years in the Rectory, Grasmere. A small fragment on his daughter
+Catherine, the _Epistle to Sir George Beaumont, Bart., from the
+south-west coast of Cumberland_, the lines _To the Poet, John Dyer_, and
+four sonnets (mainly suggested by the events of the year in Spain)
+comprise all the poems belonging to 1811.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHILD THREE YEARS OLD
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[Written at Allanbank, Grasmere. Picture of my daughter, Catherine, who
+died the year after.--I. F.]
+
+Classed among the "Poems referring to the Period of Childhood."--ED.
+
+
+    Loving she is, and tractable, though wild;
+    And Innocence hath privilege in her
+    To dignify arch looks and laughing eyes;
+    And feats of cunning; and the pretty round
+    Of trespasses, affected to provoke                           5
+    Mock-chastisement and partnership in play.
+    And, as a faggot sparkles on the hearth,
+    Not less if unattended and alone
+    Than when both young and old sit gathered round
+    And take delight in its activity;                           10
+    Even so this happy Creature of herself
+    Is all-sufficient; solitude to her
+    Is blithe society, who fills the air
+    With gladness and involuntary songs.
+    Light are her sallies as the tripping fawn's                15
+    Forth-startled from the fern where she lay couched;
+    Unthought-of, unexpected, as the stir
+    Of the soft breeze ruffling the meadow-flowers,
+    Or from before it chasing wantonly
+    The many-coloured images imprest                            20
+    Upon the bosom of a placid lake.
+
+
+On February 28, 1810, Dorothy Wordsworth wrote to Lady Beaumont,
+"Catherine is the only funny child in the family; the rest of the
+children are _lively_, but Catherine is comical in every look and
+motion. Thomas perpetually forces a tender smile by his simplicity, but
+Catherine makes you laugh outright, though she can hardly say a dozen
+words, and she joins in the laugh, as if sensible of the drollery of her
+appearance."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+SPANISH GUERILLAS, 1811
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    They seek, are sought; to daily battle led,
+    Shrink not, though far outnumbered by their Foes,
+    For they have learnt to open and to close
+    The ridges of grim war;[A] and at their head
+    Are captains such as erst their country bred                 5
+    Or fostered, self-supported chiefs,--like those
+    Whom hardy Rome was fearful to oppose;
+    Whose desperate shock the Carthaginian fled.
+    In One who lived unknown a shepherd's life
+    Redoubted Viriatus breathes again;[B]                       10
+    And Mina, nourished in the studious shade,[C]
+    With that great Leader[D] vies, who, sick of strife
+    And bloodshed, longed in quiet to be laid
+    In some green island of the western main.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _Paradise Lost_, book vi. ll. 235-36--
+
+                  and when to close
+      The ridges of grim war.                              ED.
+
+[B] Viriatus, for eight or fourteen years leader of the Lusitanians in
+the war with the Romans in the middle of the second century B.C. He
+defeated many of the Roman generals, including Q. Pompeius. Some of the
+historians say that he was originally a shepherd, and then a robber or
+guerilla chieftain. (See Livy, books 52 and 54.)--ED.
+
+[C] "Whilst the chief force of the French was occupied in Portugal and
+Andalusia, and there remained in the interior of Spain only a few weak
+corps, the Guerilla system took deep root, and in the course of 1811
+attained its greatest perfection. Left to itself the boldest and most
+enterprising of its members rose to command, and the mode of warfare
+best adapted to their force and habits was pursued. Each province
+boasted of a hero, in command of a formidable band--Old Castile, Don
+Julian Sanches; Aragon, Longa; Navarre, Esprez y Mina, ... with
+innumerable others, whose deeds spread a lustre over every part of the
+kingdom.... Mina and Longa headed armies of 6000 or 8000 men with
+distinguished ability, and displayed manoeuvres oftentimes for months
+together, in baffling the pursuit of more numerous bodies of French,
+which would reflect credit on the most celebrated commanders." Mina had
+been trained for clerical life. (See _Account of the War in Spain and
+Portugal, and in the south of France, from 1808 to 1814 inclusive_, by
+Lieut.-Colonel John T. Jones. London, 1818.)--ED.
+
+[D] Sertorius.--W. W. 1827. See note to _The Prelude_ book i. vol. iii.
+p. 138.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"THE POWER OF ARMIES IS A VISIBLE THING"
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+One of the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."
+
+
+    The power of Armies is a visible thing,[A]
+    Formal, and circumscribed in time and space;[1]
+    But who the limits of that power shall trace[2]
+    Which a brave People into light can bring
+    Or hide, at will,--for freedom combating                     5
+    By just revenge inflamed? No foot may chase,[3]
+    No eye can follow, to a fatal[4] place
+    That power, that spirit, whether on the wing
+    Like the strong wind, or sleeping like the wind
+    Within its awful caves.--From year to year                  10
+    Springs this indigenous produce far and near;
+    No craft this subtle element can bind,
+    Rising like water from the soil, to find
+    In every nook a lip that it may cheer.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      ... and place;                                     1815.
+
+[2] 1827.
+
+      ... can trace                                      1815.
+
+[3] 1827.
+
+      ... can chase,                                     1815.
+
+[4] The word "fatal" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815-43.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Aubrey de Vere's _Picturesque Sketches of Greece and
+Turkey_, vol. i. chap. viii. p. 204.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+"HERE PAUSE: THE POET CLAIMS AT LEAST THIS PRAISE"
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty." In 1815 it was called
+_Conclusion_, as ending this series of poems in that edition. In all
+editions it was headed by the date _1811_.--ED.
+
+
+    Here pause: the poet claims at least this praise,
+    That virtuous Liberty hath been the scope
+    Of his pure song, which did not shrink from hope
+    In the worst moment of these evil days;
+    From hope, the paramount _duty_ that Heaven lays,            5
+    For its own honour, on man's suffering heart.[A]
+    Never may from our souls one truth depart--
+    That an accursed[1] thing it is to gaze
+    On prosperous tyrants with a dazzled eye;
+    Nor--touched with due abhorrence of _their_ guilt           10
+    For whose dire ends tears flow, and blood is spilt,
+    And justice labours in extremity--
+    Forget thy weakness, upon which is built,
+    O wretched man, the throne of tyranny!
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] The word "accursed" was _italicised_ in the editions of 1815-43.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare _The Excursion_ (book iv. l. 763)--
+
+      We live by Admiration, Hope, and Love,
+
+and S. T. C. in _The Friend_ (vol. i. p. 172). "What an awful duty, what
+a nurse of all others, the fairest virtues, does not Hope become! We are
+bad ourselves, because we despair of the goodness of others."--ED.
+
+
+
+
+EPISTLE TO SIR GEORGE HOWLAND BEAUMONT, BART.
+
+FROM THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF CUMBERLAND.--1811
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1842
+
+
+[This poem opened, when first written, with a paragraph that has been
+transferred as an introduction to the first series of my Scotch
+Memorials. The journey, of which the first part is here described, was
+from Grasmere to Bootle on the south-west coast of Cumberland, the whole
+among mountain roads through a beautiful country; and we had fine
+weather. The verses end with our breakfast at the head of Yewdale in a
+yeoman's house, which, like all the other property in that sequestered
+vale, has passed or is passing into the hands of Mr. James Marshall of
+Monk Coniston--in Mr. Knott's, the late owner's, time called Waterhead.
+Our hostess married a Mr. Oldfield, a lieutenant in the Navy. They lived
+together for some time at Hacket, where she still resides as his widow.
+It was in front of that house, on the mountain side, near which stood
+the peasant who, while we were passing at a distance, saluted us, waving
+a kerchief in her hand as described in the poem.[A] (This matron and her
+husband were then residing at the Hacket. The house and its inmates are
+referred to in the fifth book of _The Excursion_, in the passage
+beginning--
+
+                                    You behold,
+      High on the breast of yon dark mountain, dark
+      With stony barrenness, a shining speck.--J. C.)[B]
+
+The dog which we met with soon after our starting belonged to Mr.
+Rowlandson, who for forty years was curate of Grasmere in place of the
+rector who lived to extreme old age in a state of insanity. Of this Mr.
+R. much might be said, both with reference to his character, and the way
+in which he was regarded by his parishioners. He was a man of a robust
+frame, had a firm voice and authoritative manner, of strong natural
+talents, of which he was himself conscious, for he has been heard to say
+(it grieves me to add) with an oath--"If I had been brought up at
+college I should have been a bishop." Two vices used to struggle in him
+for mastery, avarice and the love of strong drink; but avarice, as is
+common in like cases, always got the better of its opponent; for, though
+he was often intoxicated, it was never I believe at his own expense. As
+has been said of one in a more exalted station, he would take any
+_given_ quantity. I have heard a story of him which is worth the
+telling. One summer's morning, our Grasmere curate, after a night's
+carouse in the vale of Langdale, on his return home, having reached a
+point near which the whole of the vale of Grasmere might be seen with
+the lake immediately below him, stepped aside and sat down on the turf.
+After looking for some time at the landscape, then in the perfection of
+its morning beauty, he exclaimed--"Good God, that I should have led so
+long such a life in such a place!" This no doubt was deeply felt by him
+at the time, but I am not authorised to say that any noticeable
+amendment followed. Penuriousness strengthened upon him as his body grew
+feebler with age. He had purchased property and kept some land in his
+own hands, but he could not find in his heart to lay out the necessary
+hire for labourers at the proper season, and consequently he has often
+been seen in half-dotage working his hay in the month of November by
+moonlight, a melancholy sight which I myself have witnessed.
+Notwithstanding all that has been said, this man, on account of his
+talents and superior education, was looked up to by his parishioners,
+who without a single exception lived at that time (and most of them upon
+their own small inheritances) in a state of republican equality, a
+condition favourable to the growth of kindly feelings among them, and
+in a striking degree exclusive to temptations to gross vice and
+scandalous behaviour. As a pastor their curate did little or nothing for
+them; but what could more strikingly set forth the efficacy of the
+Church of England through its Ordinances and Liturgy than that, in spite
+of the unworthiness of the minister, his church was regularly attended;
+and, though there was not much appearance in the flock of what might be
+called animated piety, intoxication was rare, and dissolute morals
+unknown. With the Bible they were for the most part well acquainted;
+and, as was strikingly shown when they were under affliction, must have
+been supported and comforted by habitual belief in those truths which it
+is the aim of the Church to inculcate. _Loughrigg Tarn._--This beautiful
+pool and the surrounding scene are minutely described in my little Book
+upon the Lakes. Sir G. H. Beaumont, in the earlier part of his life, was
+induced, by his love of nature and the art of painting, to take up his
+abode at Old Brathay, about three miles from this spot, so that he must
+have seen it under many aspects; and he was so much pleased with it that
+he purchased the Tarn with a view to build, near it, such a residence as
+is alluded to in this Epistle. Baronets and knights were not so common
+in that day as now, and Sir Michael le Fleming, not liking to have a
+rival in that kind of distinction so near him, claimed a sort of
+Lordship over the territory, and showed dispositions little in unison
+with those of Sir G. Beaumont, who was eminently a lover of peace. The
+project of building was in consequence given up, Sir George retaining
+possession of the Tarn. Many years afterwards a Kendal tradesman born
+upon its banks applied to me for the purchase of it, and accordingly it
+was sold for the sum that had been given for it, and the money was laid
+out under my direction upon a substantial oak fence for a certain number
+of yew trees to be planted in Grasmere church-yard; two were planted in
+each enclosure, with a view to remove, after a certain time, the one
+which throve least. After several years, the stouter plant being left,
+the others were taken up and placed in other parts of the same
+church-yard, and were adequately fenced at the expense and under the
+care of the late Mr. Barber, Mr. Greenwood, and myself: the whole eight
+are now thriving, and are already an ornament to a place which, during
+late years, has lost much of its rustic simplicity by the introduction
+of iron palisades to fence off family burying-grounds, and by numerous
+monuments, some of them in very bad taste; from which this place of
+burial was in my memory quite free. See the lines in the sixth book of
+_The Excursion_ beginning--"Green is the church-yard, beautiful and
+green." The _Epistle_ to which these notes refer, though written so far
+back as 1804,[C] was carefully revised so late as 1842, previous to its
+publication. I am loth to add, that it was never seen by the person to
+whom it is addressed. So sensible am I of the deficiencies in all that I
+write, and so far does everything I attempt fall short of what I wish it
+to be, that even private publication, if such a term may be allowed,
+requires more resolution than I can command. I have written to give vent
+to my own mind, and not without hope that, some time or other, kindred
+minds might benefit by my labours: but I am inclined to believe I should
+never have ventured to send forth any verses of mine to the world if it
+had not been done on the pressure of personal occasions. Had I been a
+rich man, my productions, like this _Epistle_, the tragedy of _The
+Borderers_, etc., would most likely have been confined to
+manuscript.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Far from our home by Grasmere's quiet Lake,
+    From the Vale's peace which all her fields partake,
+    Here on the bleakest point of Cumbria's shore
+    We sojourn stunned by Ocean's ceaseless roar;
+    While, day by day, grim neighbour! huge Black Comb
+    Frowns deepening visibly his native gloom,                   6
+    Unless, perchance rejecting in despite
+    What on the Plain _we_ have of warmth and light,
+    In his own storms he hides himself from sight.
+    Rough is the time; and thoughts, that would be free         10
+    From heaviness, oft fly, dear Friend, to thee;
+    Turn from a spot where neither sheltered road
+    Nor hedge-row screen invites my steps abroad;
+    Where one poor Plane-tree, having as it might
+    Attained a stature twice a tall man's height,               15
+    Hopeless of further growth, and brown and sere
+    Through half the summer, stands with top cut sheer,
+    Like an unshifting weathercock which proves
+    How cold the quarter that the wind best loves,
+    Or like a Centinel[1] that, evermore                        20
+    Darkening the window, ill defends the door
+    Of this unfinished house--a Fortress bare,
+    Where strength has been the Builder's only care;
+    Whose rugged walls may still for years demand
+    The final polish of the Plasterer's hand.                   25
+    --This Dwelling's Inmate more than three weeks' space
+    And oft a Prisoner in the cheerless place,
+    I--of whose touch the fiddle would complain,
+    Whose breath would labour at the flute in vain,
+    In music all unversed, nor blessed with skill               30
+    A bridge to copy, or to paint a mill,
+    Tired of my books, a scanty company!
+    And tired of listening to the boisterous sea--
+    Pace between door and window muttering rhyme,
+    An old resource to cheat a froward time!                    35
+    Though these dull hours (mine is it, or their shame?)
+    Would tempt me to renounce that humble aim.
+    --But if there be a Muse who, free to take
+    Her seat upon Olympus, doth forsake
+    Those heights (like Phoebus when his golden locks           40
+    He veiled, attendant on Thessalian flocks)
+    And, in disguise, a Milkmaid with her pail
+    Trips down the pathways of some winding dale;
+    Or, like a Mermaid, warbles on the shores
+    To fishers mending nets beside their doors;                 45
+    Or, Pilgrim-like, on forest moss reclined,
+    Gives plaintive ditties to the heedless wind,
+    Or listens to its play among the boughs
+    Above her head and so forgets her vows--
+    If such a Visitant of Earth there be                        50
+    And she would deign this day to smile on me
+    And aid my verse, content with local bounds
+    Of natural beauty and life's daily rounds,
+    Thoughts, chances, sights, or doings, which we tell
+    Without reserve to those whom we love well--                55
+    Then haply, Beaumont! words in current clear
+    Will flow, and on a welcome page appear
+    Duly before thy sight, unless they perish here.
+
+      What shall I treat of? News from Mona's Isle?
+    Such have we, but unvaried in its style;                    60
+    No tales of Runagates fresh landed, whence
+    And wherefore fugitive or on what pretence;
+    Of feasts, or scandal, eddying like the wind
+    Most restlessly alive when most confined.
+    Ask not of me, whose tongue can best appease                65
+    The mighty tumults of the HOUSE OF KEYS;
+    The last year's cup whose Ram or Heifer gained,
+    What slopes are planted, or what mosses drained:
+    An eye of fancy only can I cast
+    On that proud pageant now at hand or past,                  70
+    When full five hundred boats in trim array,
+    With nets and sails outspread and streamers gay,
+    And chanted hymns and stiller voice of prayer,
+    For the old Manx-harvest to the Deep repair,
+    Soon as the herring-shoals at distance shine                75
+    Like beds of moonlight shifting on the brine.
+
+      Mona from our Abode is daily seen,
+    But with a wilderness of waves between;
+    And by conjecture only can we speak
+    Of aught transacted there in bay or creek;                  80
+    No tidings reach us thence from town or field,
+    Only faint news her mountain sunbeams yield,
+    And some we gather from the misty air,
+    And some the hovering clouds, our telegraph, declare.
+    But these poetic mysteries I withhold;                      85
+    For Fancy hath her fits both hot and cold,
+    And should the colder fit with You be on
+    When You might read, my credit would be gone.
+
+      Let more substantial themes the pen engage,
+    And nearer interests culled from the opening stage          90
+    Of our migration.--Ere the welcome dawn
+    Had from the east her silver star withdrawn,
+    The Wain stood ready, at our Cottage-door,
+    Thoughtfully freighted with a various store;
+    And long or ere the uprising of the Sun                     95
+    O'er dew-damped dust our journey was begun,
+    A needful journey, under favouring skies,
+    Through peopled Vales; yet something in the guise
+    Of those old Patriarchs when from well to well
+    They roamed through Wastes where now the tented Arabs      100
+        dwell.
+
+      Say first, to whom did we the charge confide,
+    Who promptly undertook the Wain to guide
+    Up many a sharply-twining road and down,
+    And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,
+    Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,             105
+    And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook?
+    A blooming Lass--who in her better hand
+    Bore a light switch, her sceptre of command
+    When, yet a slender Girl, she often led,
+    Skilful and bold, the horse and burthened _sled_[D]        110
+    From the peat-yielding Moss on Gowdar's head.
+    What could go wrong with such a Charioteer
+    For goods and chattels, or those Infants dear,
+    A Pair who smilingly sat side by side,
+    Our hope confirming that the salt-sea tide,                115
+    Whose free embraces we were bound to seek,
+    Would their lost strength restore and freshen the pale cheek?
+    Such hope did either Parent entertain
+    Pacing behind along the silent lane.
+
+      Blithe hopes and happy musings soon took flight,         120
+    For lo! an uncouth melancholy sight--
+    On a green bank a creature stood forlorn
+    Just half protruded to the light of morn,
+    Its hinder part concealed by hedge-row thorn.
+    The Figure called to mind a beast of prey                  125
+    Stript of its frightful powers by slow decay,
+    And, though no longer upon rapine bent,
+    Dim memory keeping of its old intent.
+    We started, looked again with anxious eyes,
+    And in that griesly object recognise                       130
+    The Curate's Dog--his long-tried friend, for they,
+    As well we knew, together had grown grey.
+    The Master died, his drooping servant's grief
+    Found at the Widow's feet some sad relief;[2]
+    Yet still he lived in pining discontent,                   135
+    Sadness which no indulgence could prevent;
+    Hence whole day wanderings, broken nightly sleeps
+    And lonesome watch that out of doors he keeps;
+    Not oftentimes, I trust, as we, poor brute!
+    Espied him on his legs sustained, blank, mute,             140
+    And of all visible motion destitute,
+    So that the very heaving of his breath
+    Seemed stopt, though by some other power than death.
+    Long as we gazed upon the form and face,
+    A mild domestic pity kept its place,                       145
+    Unscared by thronging fancies of strange hue
+    That haunted us in spite of what we knew.
+    Even now I sometimes think of him as lost
+    In second-sight appearances, or crost
+    By spectral shapes of guilt, or to the ground,             150
+    On which he stood, by spells unnatural bound,
+    Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait
+    In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.
+
+      Advancing Summer, Nature's law fulfilled,
+    The choristers in every grove had stilled;                 155
+    But we, we lacked not music of our own,
+    For lightsome Fanny had thus early thrown,
+    Mid the gay prattle of those infant tongues,
+    Some notes prelusive, from the round of songs
+    With which, more zealous than the liveliest bird           160
+    That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard,
+    Her work and her work's partners she can cheer,
+    The whole day long, and all days of the year.
+
+      Thus gladdened from our own dear Vale we pass
+    And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!                   165
+    To Loughrigg-tarn, round, clear, and bright as heaven,
+    Such name Italian fancy would have given,
+    Ere on its banks the few grey cabins rose
+    That yet disturb not its concealed repose
+    More than the feeblest wind that idly blows.               170
+
+      Ah, Beaumont! when an opening in the road
+    Stopped me at once by charm of what it showed,
+    The encircling region vividly exprest
+    Within the mirror's depth, a world at rest--
+    Sky streaked with purple, grove and craggy _bield_,[E]     175
+    And the smooth green of many a pendent field,
+    And, quieted and soothed, a torrent small,
+    A little daring would-be waterfall,
+    One chimney smoking and its azure wreath,
+    Associate all in the calm Pool beneath,                    180
+    With here and there a faint imperfect gleam
+    Of water-lilies veiled in misty steam--
+    What wonder at this hour of stillness deep,
+    A shadowy link 'tween wakefulness and sleep,
+    When Nature's self, amid such blending, seems              185
+    To render visible her own soft dreams,
+    If, mixed with what appeared of rock, lawn, wood,
+    Fondly embosomed in the tranquil flood,
+    A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee
+    Designed to rise in humble privacy,                        190
+    A lowly Dwelling, here to be outspread,
+    Like a small Hamlet, with its bashful head
+    Half hid in native trees. Alas 'tis not,
+    Nor ever was; I sighed, and left the spot
+    Unconscious of its own untoward lot,                       195
+    And thought in silence, with regret too keen,
+    Of unexperienced joys that might have been;
+    Of neighbourhood and intermingling arts,
+    And golden summer days uniting cheerful hearts.
+    But time, irrevocable time, is flown,                      200
+    And let us utter thanks for blessings sown
+    And reaped--what hath been, and what is, our own.
+
+      Not far we travelled ere a shout of glee,
+    Startling us all, dispersed my reverie;
+    Such shout as many a sportive echo meeting                 205
+    Oft-times from Alpine _chalets_ sends a greeting.
+    Whence the blithe hail? behold a Peasant stand
+    On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!
+    Not unexpectant that by early day
+    Our little Band would thrid this mountain way,             210
+    Before her cottage on the bright hill side
+    She hath advanced with hope to be descried.
+    Right gladly answering signals we displayed,
+    Moving along a tract of morning shade,
+    And vocal wishes sent of like good will                    215
+    To our kind Friend high on the sunny hill--
+    Luminous region, fair as if the prime
+    Were tempting all astir to look aloft or climb;
+    Only the centre of the shining cot
+    With door left open makes a gloomy spot,                   220
+    Emblem of those dark corners sometimes found
+    Within the happiest breast on earthly ground.
+
+      Rich prospect left behind of stream and vale,
+    And mountain-tops, a barren ridge we scale;
+    Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain            225
+    With haycocks studded, striped with yellowing grain--
+    An area level as a Lake and spread
+    Under a rock too steep for man to tread,
+    Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west
+    Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,                      230
+    Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.
+    Hot sunbeams fill the steaming vale; but hark,
+    At our approach, a jealous watch-dog's bark,
+    Noise that brings forth no liveried Page of state,
+    But the whole household, that our coming wait.             235
+    With Young and Old warm greetings we exchange,
+    And jocund smiles, and toward the lowly Grange
+    Press forward by the teasing dogs unscared.
+    Entering, we find the morning meal prepared:
+    So down we sit, though not till each had cast              240
+    Pleased looks around the delicate repast--
+    Rich cream, and snow-white eggs fresh from the nest,
+    With amber honey from the mountain's breast;
+    Strawberries from lane or woodland, offering wild
+    Of children's industry, in hillocks piled;                 245
+    Cakes for the nonce,[3] and butter fit to lie
+    Upon a lordly dish; frank hospitality
+    Where simple art with bounteous nature vied,
+    And cottage comfort shunned not seemly pride.
+
+      Kind Hostess! Handmaid also of the feast,                250
+    If thou be lovelier than the kindling East,
+    Words by thy presence unrestrained may speak
+    Of a perpetual dawn from brow and cheek
+    Instinct with light whose sweetest promise lies,
+    Never retiring, in thy large dark eyes,                    255
+    Dark but to every gentle feeling true,
+    As if their lustre flowed from ether's purest blue.
+
+      Let me not ask what tears may have been wept
+    By those bright eyes, what weary vigils kept,
+    Beside that hearth what sighs may have been heaved         260
+    For wounds inflicted, nor what toil relieved
+    By fortitude and patience, and the grace
+    Of heaven in pity visiting the place.
+    Not unadvisedly those secret springs
+    I leave unsearched: enough that memory clings,             265
+    Here as elsewhere, to notices that make
+    Their own significance for hearts awake,
+    To rural incidents, whose genial powers
+    Filled with delight three summer morning hours.
+
+      More could my pen report of grave or gay                 270
+    That through our gipsy travel cheered the way;
+    But, bursting forth above the waves, the Sun
+    Laughs at my pains, and seems to say, "Be done."
+    Yet, Beaumont, thou wilt not, I trust, reprove
+    This humble offering made by Truth to Love,                275
+    Nor chide the Muse that stooped to break a spell
+    Which might have else been on me yet:--
+                                          FAREWELL.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1845.
+
+      Or stedfast Centinel ...                             1842.
+
+[2]
+
+      Until the Vale she quitted, and their door
+      Was closed, to which she will return no more;
+      But first old Faithful to a neighbour's care
+      Was given in charge; nor lacked he dainty fare,
+      And in the chimney nook was free to lie
+      And doze, or, if his hour were come, to die.
+
+    Inserted only in the edition of 1842.
+
+[3] The phrase "for the nonce" was _italicised_ in 1842.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] In the MS. of these Fenwick notes, the following is written in
+pencil, the passage referred to beginning with "Our hostess," and ending
+at "the poem." "Revise this sentence. Here is something involved."--ED.
+
+[B] _i.e._ John Carter, Wordsworth's confidential clerk, who saw the
+edition of 1857 through the press. The sentence enclosed within brackets
+and signed J. C. is his.--ED.
+
+[C] See the note dealing with this date (p. 269). It should be 1811.--ED.
+
+[D] A local word for Sledge.--W. W. 1842.
+
+[E] A word common in the country, signifying shelter, as in Scotland.--W.
+W. 1842.
+
+
+
+
+UPON PERUSING THE FOREGOING EPISTLE THIRTY YEARS AFTER ITS COMPOSITION
+
+Composed 1841.--Published 1842
+
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Poems."--ED.
+
+
+    Soon did the Almighty Giver of all rest
+    Take those dear young Ones to a fearless nest;
+    And in Death's arms has long reposed the Friend
+    For whom this simple Register was penned.
+    Thanks to the moth that spared it for our eyes;              5
+    And Strangers even the slighted Scroll may prize,
+    Moved by the touch of kindred sympathies.
+    For--save the calm, repentance sheds o'er strife
+    Raised by remembrances of misused life,
+    The light from past endeavours purely willed                10
+    And by Heaven's favour happily fulfilled;
+    Save hope that we, yet bound to Earth, may share
+    The joys of the Departed--what so fair
+    As blameless pleasure, not without some tears,
+    Reviewed through Love's transparent veil of years?[A]       15
+
+
+      The mighty tumults of the HOUSE OF KEYS;
+
+The Isle of Man has a constitution of its own, independent of the
+Imperial Parliament. The House of twenty-four Keys is the popular
+assembly, corresponding to the British House of Commons; the
+Lieutenant-Governor and Council constitute the Upper House. All
+legislative measures must be first considered and passed by both
+branches, and afterwards transmitted to the English Sovereign for the
+Royal Assent before becoming law.
+
+      Mona from our Abode is daily seen,
+      But with a wilderness of waves between;
+
+In a letter written from Bootle to Sir George Beaumont on the 28th
+August 1811, Wordsworth says:--
+
+  "This is like most others, a bleak and treeless coast, but
+  abounding in corn fields, and with a noble beach, which is
+  delightful either for walking or riding. The Isle of Man is right
+  opposite our window; and though in this unsettled weather often
+  invisible, its appearance has afforded us great amusement. One
+  afternoon above the whole length of it was stretched a body of
+  clouds, shaped and coloured like a magnificent grove in winter,
+  when whitened with snow and illuminated, by the morning sun,
+  which, having melted the snow in part, has intermingled black
+  masses among the brightness. The whole sky was scattered over with
+  fleecy dark clouds, such as any sunshiny day produces, and which
+  were changing their shapes and positions every moment. But this
+  line of clouds was immovably attached to the island, and
+  manifestly took their shape from the influence of its mountains.
+  There appeared to be just span enough of sky to allow the hand to
+  slide between the top of Snafell, the highest peak in the island,
+  and the base of this glorious forest, in which little change was
+  noticeable for more than the space of half an hour."
+
+In the Fenwick note, Wordsworth tells us that this _Epistle_ was written
+in 1804; and by referring to the note prefixed to the first poem in the
+"Memorials of a Tour in Scotland," 1803, (see vol. ii. p. 377), it will
+be seen that the lines entitled _Departure from the Vale of Grasmere,
+August, 1803_, beginning--
+
+      The gentlest Shade that walked Elysian plains,
+
+were "not actually written for the occasion, but transplanted from my
+_Epistle to Sir George Beaumont_."
+
+It does not follow from this, however, that the lines belong to the year
+1803 or 1804; because they were not published along with the earlier
+"Memorials" of the Scotch Tour, but appeared for the first time in the
+edition of 1827. It is certain that Wordsworth travelled down with his
+household from the Grasmere Parsonage to Bootle in August 1811--mainly
+to get some sea-air for his invalid children--and that he lived there
+for some time during the autumn of that year. He _may_ have also gone
+down to the south-west coast of Cumberland in 1804, and then written a
+part of the poem; but we have no direct evidence of this; and I rather
+think that the mention of the year 1804 to Miss Fenwick is just another
+instance in which Wordsworth's memory failed him while dictating these
+memoranda. If the poem was not written at different times, but was
+composed as a whole in 1811, we may partly account for the date he gave
+to Miss Fenwick, when we remember that in the year 1827 he transferred
+a part of it (viz. the introduction) to these "Memorials" of the Scotch
+Tour of 1803.
+
+      Up many a sharply-twining road and down,
+      And over many a wide hill's craggy crown,
+      Through the quick turns of many a hollow nook,
+      And the rough bed of many an unbridged brook.
+
+Their route would be from Grasmere by Red Bank, over by High Close to
+Elter Water, by Colwith into Yewdale, on to Waterhead; then probably,
+from Coniston over Walna Scar, into Duddondale, and thence to Bootle.
+
+      Like a gaunt shaggy Porter forced to wait
+      In days of old romance at Archimago's gate.
+
+See Spenser's _Faerie Queene_, book i. canto i. stanza 8.
+
+                         ... the liveliest bird
+      That in wild Arden's brakes was ever heard.
+
+Compare _As you like it_, act II. scene 5.
+
+      And soon approach Diana's Looking-glass!
+      To Loughrigg-tarn, etc.
+
+See the note appended by Wordsworth to the sequel to this poem.
+
+      A glimpse I caught of that Abode, by Thee
+      Designed to rise in humble privacy.
+
+He imagines the house which Sir George Beaumont intended to build at
+Loughrigg Tarn, but which he never erected, to be really built by his
+friend, very much as in the sonnet named _Anticipation, October, 1803_,
+he supposes England to have been invaded, and the battle fought in which
+"the Invaders were laid low."
+
+                            ... behold a Peasant stand
+      On high, a kerchief waving in her hand!
+
+See the Fenwick note preceding the poem.
+
+                       ... a barren ridge we scale;
+      Descend and reach, in Yewdale's depths, a plain.
+
+They went up Little Langdale, I think, past the Tarn to Fell Foot, and
+crossed over the ridge of Tilberthwaite, into Yewdale by the copper
+mines.
+
+      Under a rock too steep for man to tread,
+      Where sheltered from the north and bleak north-west
+      Aloft the Raven hangs a visible nest,
+      Fearless of all assaults that would her brood molest.
+
+There is a Raven crag in Yewdale, evidently the one referred to in this
+passage, and also in the passage in the first book of _The Prelude_ (see
+vol. iii. p. 142), beginning--
+
+                       Oh! when I have hung
+      Above the raven's nest, by knots of grass
+      And half-inch fissures in the slippery rock
+      But ill sustained, etc.
+
+                   ... toward the lowly Grange
+      Press forward,
+
+To Waterhead at the top of Coniston Lake.
+
+In connection with Loughrigg Tarn, compare the note to the poem
+beginning--
+
+      So fair, so sweet, withal so sensitive,
+
+and also the Biographical Sketch of Professor Archer Butler, prefixed to
+his _Sermons_, vol. i.--ED.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] LOUGHRIGG TARN, alluded to in the foregoing _Epistle_, resembles,
+though much smaller in compass, the Lake Nemi, or _Speculum Dianae_ as it
+is often called, not only in its clear waters and circular form, and the
+beauty immediately surrounding it, but also as being overlooked by the
+eminence of Langdale Pikes as Lake Nemi is by that of Monte Calvo. Since
+this _Epistle_ was written Loughrigg Tarn has lost much of its beauty by
+the felling of many natural clumps of wood, relics of the old forest,
+particularly upon the farm called "The Oaks" from the abundance of that
+tree which grew there.
+
+It is to be regretted, upon public grounds, that Sir George Beaumont did
+not carry into effect his intention of constructing here a Summer
+Retreat in the style I have described; as his Taste would have set an
+example how buildings, with all the accommodations modern society
+requires, might be introduced even into the most secluded parts of this
+country without injuring their native character. The design was not
+abandoned from failure of inclination on his part, but in consequence of
+local untowardnesses which need not be particularised.--W. W. 1842.
+
+
+
+
+UPON THE SIGHT OF A BEAUTIFUL PICTURE,
+
+PAINTED BY SIR G. H. BEAUMONT, BART.
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+[This was written when we dwelt in the Parsonage at Grasmere. The
+principal features of the picture are Bredon Hill and Cloud Hill near
+Coleorton. I shall never forget the happy feeling with which my heart
+was filled when I was impelled to compose this Sonnet. We resided only
+two years in this house, and during the last half of the time, which was
+after this poem had been written, we lost our two children, Thomas and
+Catherine. Our sorrow upon these events often brought it to my mind, and
+cast me upon the support to which the last line of it gives expression--
+
+      "The appropriate calm of blest eternity."
+
+It is scarcely necessary to add that we still possess the Picture.--I.F.]
+
+Included among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In 1815 the title was simply
+_Upon the Sight of a Beautiful Picture_.--ED.
+
+
+    Praised be the Art whose subtle power could stay
+    Yon cloud, and fix it in that glorious shape;
+    Nor would permit the thin smoke to escape,[A]
+    Nor those bright sunbeams to forsake the day;
+    Which stopped that band of travellers on their way,          5
+    Ere they were lost within the shady wood;
+    And showed the Bark upon the glassy flood
+    For ever anchored in her sheltering bay.
+    Soul-soothing Art! whom[1] Morning, Noon-tide, Even,
+    Do serve with all their changeful pageantry;                10
+    Thou, with ambition modest yet sublime,
+    Here, for the sight of mortal man, hast given
+    To one brief moment caught from fleeting time
+    The appropriate calm of blest eternity,[B]
+
+
+Compare the _Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a picture of Peele Castle, in
+a Storm, painted by Sir George Beaumont_--especially the first three,
+and the fifth, sixth, and seventh stanzas. (See vol. iii. p. 54.)
+
+In the letter written to Sir George Beaumont from Bootle, in
+1811--partly quoted in the note to the previous poem (p.
+268)--Wordsworth says, "A few days after I had enjoyed the pleasure of
+seeing, in different moods of mind, your Coleorton landscape from my
+fireside, it _suggested_ to me the following sonnet, which--having
+walked out to the side of Grasmere brook, where it murmurs through the
+meadows near the Church--I composed immediately--
+
+      Praised be the Art....
+
+"The images of the smoke and the travellers are taken from your picture;
+the rest were added, in order to place the thought in a clear point of
+view, and for the sake of variety."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] C. and 1838.
+
+      ... which ...                                      1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare, in Pope's _Moral Essays_, ii. 19--
+
+      Choose a firm cloud before it fall, and in it
+      Catch, ere she change, the Cynthia of this minute.   ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in the _Elegiac Stanzas, suggested by a Picture of Peele
+Castle, in a Storm_ (vol. iii. p. 55)--
+
+      Elysian quiet, without toil or strife.               ED.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE POET, JOHN DYER
+
+Composed 1811.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets." In the edition of 1815 the
+title was, _To the Poet, Dyer_.--ED.
+
+
+    Bard of the Fleece, whose skilful genius made
+    That work a living landscape fair and bright;
+    Nor hallowed less with musical delight
+    Than those soft scenes through which thy childhood strayed,
+    Those southern tracts of Cambria, deep embayed,              5
+    With green hills fenced, with[1] ocean's murmur lull'd;[A]
+    Though hasty Fame hath many a chaplet culled
+    For worthless brows, while in the pensive shade
+    Of cold neglect she leaves thy head ungraced,
+    Yet pure and powerful minds, hearts meek and still,         10
+    A grateful few, shall love thy modest Lay,
+    Long as the shepherd's bleating flock shall stray
+    O'er naked Snowdon's wide aerial waste;
+    Long as the thrush shall pipe on Grongar Hill!
+
+
+John Dyer, author of _Grongar Hill_ (1726), and _The Fleece_ (1757), was
+born at Aberglasney, in Caermarthenshire, in 1698, and died in 1758.
+Both Akenside and Gray, before Wordsworth's time, had signalised his
+merit, in opposition to the dicta of Johnson and Horace Walpole. The
+passage which Wordsworth quotes is from _The Fleece_, in which Dyer is
+referring to his own ancestors, who were weavers, and "fugitives from
+superstition's rage," and who brought the art of weaving "from Devon" to
+
+                                 that soft tract
+      Of Cambria, deep-embayed, Dimetian land,
+      By green hills fenced, by ocean's murmur lulled.
+
+It will be observed that Wordsworth quotes this last line of Dyer
+accurately in the edition of 1815, but changed it in 1827.
+
+This sonnet was possibly written before 1811, as in a letter to Lady
+Beaumont, dated November 20, 1811, he speaks of it as written "some time
+ago." In that letter Wordsworth writes thus of Dyer:--"His poem is in
+several places dry and heavy, but its beauties are innumerable, and of a
+high order. In point of _imagination_ and purity of style, I am not sure
+that he is not superior to any writer of verse since the time of
+Milton." He then transcribes his sonnet, and adds--"In the above is one
+whole line from _The Fleece_, and also other expressions. When you read
+_The Fleece_, you will recognise them."--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      By green hills fenced, by ...                      1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Compare Dyer's _Fleece_, book iii.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1812
+
+
+The years 1812 and 1813 were poetically even less productive than 1811
+had been. The first of them was saddened by domestic losses, which
+deprived the poet, for a time, of the power of work, and almost of any
+interest in the labour to which his life was devoted. Three short pieces
+are all that belong to 1812 and 1813 respectively.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+SONG FOR THE SPINNING WHEEL
+
+FOUNDED UPON A BELIEF PREVALENT AMONG THE PASTORAL VALES OF WESTMORELAND
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1820
+
+
+[The belief on which this is founded I have often heard expressed by an
+old neighbour of Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+One of the "Poems of the Fancy."--ED.
+
+
+    Swiftly turn the murmuring wheel!
+    Night has brought the welcome hour,
+    When the weary fingers feel
+    Help, as if from faery power;
+    Dewy night o'ershades the ground;                            5
+    Turn the swift wheel round and round!
+
+    Now, beneath the starry sky,
+    Couch[1] the widely-scattered sheep;--
+    Ply the pleasant labour, ply!
+    For the spindle, while they sleep,                          10
+    Runs with speed more smooth and fine,
+    Gathering[2] up a trustier line.
+
+    Short-lived likings may be bred
+    By a glance from fickle eyes;
+    But true love is like the thread                            15
+    Which the kindly wool supplies,
+    When the flocks are all at rest
+    Sleeping on the mountain's breast.
+
+
+It was for Sarah Hutchinson that this _Song_ was written. She lived, for
+the most part, either at Brinsop Court Herefordshire, or at Rydal Mount
+Westmoreland, or at Greta Hall Keswick. When living at Greta Hall, she
+acted as Southey's amanuensis. She also frequently transcribed poems for
+Wordsworth, at Grasmere, Coleorton, and Rydal Mount.
+
+Compare the sonnet addressed _To S. H._ in the "Miscellaneous Sonnets,"
+I. xx.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Rest ...                                           1820.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      With a motion smooth and fine
+      Gathers ...                                        1820.
+
+      Runs with motion smooth and fine,
+      Gathering ...                                      1827.
+
+
+
+
+COMPOSED ON THE EVE OF THE MARRIAGE OF A FRIEND IN THE VALE OF
+  GRASMERE, 1812
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1815
+
+
+Classed among the "Miscellaneous Sonnets."--ED.
+
+
+    What need of clamorous bells, or ribands gay,
+    These humble nuptials to proclaim or grace?
+    Angels of love, look down upon the place;
+    Shed on the chosen vale a sun-bright day!
+    Yet no proud gladness would the Bride display                5
+    Even for such promise:[1]--serious is her face,
+    Modest her mien; and she, whose thoughts keep pace
+    With gentleness, in that becoming way
+    Will thank you. Faultless does the Maid appear;
+    No disproportion in her soul, no strife:                    10
+    But, when the closer view of wedded life
+    Hath shown that nothing human can be clear
+    From frailty, for that insight may the Wife
+    To her indulgent Lord become more dear.
+
+
+This refers to the marriage of Thomas Hutchinson (Mrs. Wordsworth's
+brother) to Mary Monkhouse, sister of the Mr. Monkhouse with whom
+Wordsworth afterwards travelled on the Continent. The marriage took
+place on November 1, 1812. They lived at Nadnorth for eighteen years,
+and afterwards at Brinsop Court, Herefordshire, for twenty-one years. To
+their son--the Rev. Thomas Hutchinson of Kimbolton, Leominster,
+Herefordshire--and to their daughter--Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson of Rock
+Villa, West Malvern--I am indebted for much information in reference to
+their uncle and aunts. The portrait of Wordsworth in his forty-seventh
+year, by Richard Carruthers, is in Mr. Hutchinson's possession at the
+Rectory, Kimbolton.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Even for such omen would the Bride display
+      No mirthful gladness:--                            1815.
+
+
+
+
+WATER-FOWL[A]
+
+Composed 1812.--Published 1827
+
+
+  "Let me be allowed the aid of verse to describe the evolutions
+  which these visitants sometimes perform, on a fine day towards the
+  close of winter."--_Extract from the Author's Book on the
+  Lakes._--W. W. 1827.
+
+[Observed frequently over the lakes of Rydal and Grasmere.--I. F.]
+
+Placed among the "Poems of the Imagination."--ED.
+
+
+    Mark how the feathered tenants of the flood,
+    With grace of motion that might scarcely seem[B]
+    Inferior to angelical, prolong
+    Their curious pastime! shaping in mid air
+    (And sometimes with ambitious wing that soars                5
+    High as the level of the mountain-tops)
+    A circuit ampler than the lake beneath--
+    Their own domain; but ever, while intent
+    On tracing and retracing that large round,
+    Their jubilant activity evolves                             10
+    Hundreds of curves and circlets, to and fro,
+    Upward and downward, progress intricate
+    Yet unperplexed, as if one spirit swayed
+    Their indefatigable flight. 'Tis done--
+    Ten times, or more, I fancied it had ceased;                15
+    But lo! the vanished company again
+    Ascending; they approach--I hear their wings,
+    Faint, faint at first; and then an eager sound,
+    Past in a moment--and as faint again!
+    They tempt the sun to sport amid their plumes;              20
+    They tempt the water, or the gleaming ice,
+    To show them a fair image; 'tis themselves,
+    Their own fair forms, upon the glimmering plain,
+    Painted more soft and fair as they descend
+    Almost to touch;--then up again aloft,                      25
+    Up with a sally and a flash of speed,
+    As if they scorned both resting-place and rest!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] This is part of the canto of _The Recluse_, entitled "Home at
+Grasmere."--ED.
+
+[B] For the original text, which differs from this, see _The Recluse_,
+vol. viii. of this edition.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+1813
+
+
+See the note to the previous year, 1812.--ED.
+
+
+
+
+VIEW FROM THE TOP OF BLACK COMB
+
+Composed 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+Black Comb stands at the southern extremity of Cumberland: its base
+covers a much greater extent of ground than any other mountain in these
+parts; and, from its situation, the summit commands a more extensive
+view than any other point in Britain.--W. W. 1827.
+
+[Mrs. Wordsworth and I, as mentioned in the _Epistle to Sir G.
+Beaumont_, lived sometime under its shadow.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Poems of the Imagination." (See the editorial note
+to the following poem.)--ED.
+
+
+    This Height a ministering Angel might select:
+    For from the summit of BLACK COMB (dread name
+    Derived from clouds and storms!) the amplest range
+    Of unobstructed prospect may be seen
+    That British ground commands:--low dusky tracts,             5
+    Where Trent is nursed, far southward! Cambrian hills
+    To the south-west, a multitudinous show;
+    And, in a line of eye-sight linked with these,
+    The hoary peaks of Scotland that give birth
+    To Tiviot's stream, to Annan, Tweed, and Clyde:--           10
+    Crowding the quarter whence the sun comes forth
+    Gigantic mountains rough with crags; beneath,
+    Right at the imperial station's western base
+    Main ocean, breaking audibly, and stretched
+    Far into silent regions blue and pale;--                    15
+    And visibly engirding Mona's Isle
+    That, as we left the plain, before our sight
+    Stood like a lofty mount, uplifting slowly
+    (Above the convex of the watery globe)
+    Into clear view the cultured fields that streak             20
+    Her[1] habitable shores, but now appears
+    A dwindled object, and submits to lie
+    At the spectator's feet.--Yon azure ridge,
+    Is it a perishable cloud? Or there
+    Do we behold the line[2] of Erin's coast?[A]                25
+    Land sometimes by the roving shepherd-swain
+    (Like the bright confines of another world)
+    Not doubtfully perceived.--Look homeward now!
+    In depth, in height, in circuit, how serene
+    The spectacle, how pure!--Of Nature's works,                30
+    In earth, and air, and earth-embracing sea,
+    A revelation infinite it seems;
+    Display august of man's inheritance,
+    Of Britain's calm felicity and power![B]
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1827.
+
+      Its ...                                            1815.
+
+[2] 1832.
+
+      ... the frame ...                                  1815.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] The Irish coast can be seen from Black Comb, but it is seldom
+visible till after sundown.--ED.
+
+[B] Compare, in _The Minstrels of Winandermere_, by Charles Farish, p.
+33--
+
+      Close by the sea, lone sentinel,
+      Black Comb his forward station keeps;
+      He breaks the sea's tumultuous swell,
+      And ponders o'er the level deeps.                    ED.
+
+
+
+
+WRITTEN WITH A SLATE PENCIL ON A STONE, ON THE SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN OF
+  BLACK COMB
+
+Composed 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+[The circumstance, alluded to at the conclusion of these verses, was
+told me by Dr. Satterthwaite, who was Incumbent of Bootle, a small town
+at the foot of Black Comb. He had the particulars from one of the
+engineers who was employed in making trigonometrical surveys of that
+region.--I. F.]
+
+Included among the "Inscriptions."--ED.
+
+
+    Stay, bold Adventurer; rest awhile thy limbs
+    On this commodious Seat! for much remains
+    Of hard ascent before thou reach the top
+    Of this huge Eminence,--from blackness named,
+    And, to far-travelled storms of sea and land,                5
+    A favourite spot of tournament and war!
+    But thee may no such boisterous visitants
+    Molest; may gentle breezes fan thy brow;
+    And neither cloud conceal, nor misty air
+    Bedim, the grand terraqueous spectacle,                     10
+    From centre to circumference, unveiled!
+    Know, if thou grudge not to prolong thy rest,
+    That on the summit whither thou art bound,
+    A geographic Labourer pitched his tent,
+    With books supplied and instruments of art,                 15
+    To measure height and distance; lonely task,
+    Week after week pursued!--To him was given
+    Full many a glimpse (but sparingly bestowed
+    On timid man) of Nature's processes
+    Upon the exalted hills. He made report                      20
+    That once, while there he plied his studious work
+    Within that canvass Dwelling, colours, lines,
+    And the whole surface of the out-spread map,[1]
+    Became invisible: for all around
+    Had darkness fallen--unthreatened, unproclaimed--           25
+    As if the golden day itself had been
+    Extinguished in a moment; total gloom,
+    In which he sate alone, with unclosed eyes,
+    Upon the blinded mountain's silent top!
+
+
+In the editions of 1815 and 1820, the note to the previous poem, _View
+from the top of Black Comb_, was appended to this one. In 1827 it was
+transferred to its appropriate and permanent place.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1837.
+
+      Within that canvass Dwelling, suddenly
+      The many-coloured map before his eyes              1815.
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER, 1813
+
+Composed November 1813.--Published 1815
+
+
+Included among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty."--ED.
+
+
+    Now that all hearts are glad, all faces bright,
+    Our aged Sovereign sits, to the ebb and flow
+    Of states and kingdoms, to their joy or woe,
+    Insensible. He sits deprived of sight,
+    And lamentably wrapped in twofold night,                     5
+    Whom no weak hopes deceived; whose mind ensued,
+    Through perilous war, with regal fortitude,
+    Peace that should claim respect from lawless Might.
+    Dread King of Kings, vouchsafe a ray divine
+    To his forlorn condition! let thy grace                     10
+    Upon his inner[1] soul in mercy shine;
+    Permit his heart to kindle, and to embrace[2]
+    (Though it were[3] only for a moment's space)
+    The triumphs of this hour; for they are THINE!
+
+
+The reference is to the rejoicings on the Leipzig victory of the Allied
+Forces, October 16 to 19, 1813. Napoleon crossed the Rhine on the 2nd
+November, and returned to Paris with the wreck of his army. George III.
+was English Sovereign; but, owing to his illness, the Prince of Wales
+had been appointed Regent, and assumed executive power in January 1811.
+The King died at Windsor in 1820, being eighty-two years of age. He had
+been entirely blind for some years before his death. The "twofold night"
+referred to in the sonnet is sufficiently obvious.--ED.
+
+
+VARIANTS:
+
+[1] 1815.
+
+      ... inmost ...                                     1838.
+
+    The text of 1840 returns to that of 1815.
+
+[2] C. and 1838.
+
+      ... and embrace,                                   1815.
+
+[3] 1832.
+
+      (Though were it ...)                               1815.
+
+
+END OF VOL. IV
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+
+1. The Tyrolese Sonnets in German were originally printed in the
+   Fraktur Black Letter font and are unmarked. Within these sonnets
+   several words appear in gesperrt (s p a c e d), these words have been
+   surrounded by ~tilde signs~.
+
+2. A full line ellipsis in poetry is represented by a single "..." and
+   a full line ellipsis in quoted text is represented by a row of spaced
+   periods, "       .       .       .       .       .       "
+
+3. Minor punctuation errors have been corrected.
+
+4. All footnotes have been moved to the chapter or sub-chapter ends
+   EXCEPTING the footnote at the end of Tyrolese Sonnet VI which has
+   been placed immediately after the sonnet though the chapter continues
+   and other succeeding footnotes appear at the end.
+
+   Numbered footnotes are "variants" of words or phrases changed by Mr.
+   Wordsworth in various published versions of his work. Lettered
+   footnotes are those of the Editor Mr. Knight.
+
+   In the original text the printer used multiple periods to push
+   single and multiple word "Variants" into the place in the notes where
+   they occured in the poem. In this e-text a single ellipsis (...) is
+   used to represent positioning of preceeding and succeeding words.
+   The variant anchor point indicates the relative position of the word
+   variant in the poem.
+
+   In footnote [A] to the poem "In the Grounds of Coleorton", p. 79 "l.
+   7." has been changed to p. 79 "l. 13." While the note correctly
+   identifies the 7th line of the text of the poem printed on p. 79, it
+   is actually l. 13. of the poem.
+
+5. All poetry line markers have been retained as placed and numbered
+   by the printer at 5, 4 or 6 line intervals.
+
+6. No spelling alterations have been made. A number of alternate and/or
+   inconsistent spellings appear in this text, including but not limited
+   to:
+
+   "achieves" and "atchieved"
+
+   "antient", "ancyent", and "ancient"
+
+   "beloved" and "beloved"
+
+   "birthplace" (by ED.) and "birth-place" (in poetry and notes)
+
+   "blessed" and "blessed"
+
+   "Buonaparte" and "Buonaparte"
+
+   "cheer(ed)(ful)" and "chear(ed)(ful)"
+
+   "eye-sight" and "eyesight"
+
+   "farm-house" and "farmhouse"
+
+   "Mauleverers" and "Mauliverers"
+
+   "negociation" and "negotiation"
+
+   "out-spread" and "outspread"
+
+   "re-appearing" and "reappearing"
+
+   "recognised" and "recognized"
+
+   "Shakspeare('s)" (3) and "Shakespeare('s)" (3)
+
+   "Stockton-on-Tees" and "Stockton-upon-Tees"
+
+   "strong-hold" (in poetry) and "stronghold" (in letter)
+
+   "winged" and "winged"
+
+   "wreathed" and "wreathed"
+
+Printers error corrections:
+
+7. Pg. 5. "in" to "on" (befell him on the way.)
+
+8. Pg. 197, Note II. corrected p. "201" to "204" (Founding of Bolton
+   Priory, p. 204.)
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM
+WORDSWORTH, VOLUME IV (OF 8)***
+
+
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