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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/34546-8.txt b/34546-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d8ced0 --- /dev/null +++ b/34546-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1224 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Additions to the List of the Birds of +Louisiana, by George H. Lowery, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana + +Author: George H. Lowery, Jr. + +Release Date: December 2, 2010 [EBook #34546] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIST OF BIRDS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + Additions to the List of the Birds + of Louisiana + + BY + + GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR. + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192 + November 7, 1947 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1947 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, + Edward H. Taylor + + Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192 + Published November 7, 1947 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1947 + + 21-6959 + + + + + Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana + + By + GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR. + + +Oberholser's "Bird Life of Louisiana" (La. Dept. Conserv. Bull. 28, +1938), was a notable contribution to the ornithology of the Gulf Coast +region and the lower Mississippi Valley, for it gave not only a complete +distributional synopsis of every species and subspecies of bird then +known to occur in Louisiana but also nearly every record of a Louisiana +bird up to 1938. However, at the time of the appearance of this +publication, one of the most active periods in Louisiana ornithology was +just then beginning. The bird collection in the Louisiana State +University Museum of Zoölogy had been started only the year before, and +the first comprehensive field work since the time of Beyer, Kohn, +Kopman, and Allison, two decades before, was still in its initial stage. +Since 1938 the Museum of Zoölogy has acquired more specimens of birds +from Louisiana than were collected there in all of the years prior to +that time. Many parts of the state have been studied where no previous +work at all had been done. Also in the last eight years some capable +ornithologists have visited the state as students at Louisiana State +University, and each has contributed greatly to the mass of new data now +available. Despite the excellence of Oberholser's compilation of +records, it is, therefore, not surprising that even at this early date +twenty-four additions can be made to the list of birds known from +Louisiana. Furthermore, this recently acquired information permits the +emendation of the recorded status of scores of species, each previously +ascribed to the state on the basis of comparatively meager data. + +The plan is to publish eventually a revision of the birds of Louisiana +which will incorporate all of the new information, but the projected +scope of this work is such that many years may elapse before it is +finished. The present paper is intended to record only the more +pertinent additions, particularly records that may be significant in +connection with the preparation of the fifth edition of the American +Ornithologists' Union's "Check-list of North American Birds." There are +numerous species for which Oberholser cited only a few records, but of +which we now have many records and large series of specimens. If, in +such instances, the treatment given in the fourth edition of the +American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list would not be materially +affected, I have omitted mention of the new material in this paper. + +I am indebted to a number of ornithologists who have presented their +notes on Louisiana birds to the Museum of Zoölogy and who have done much +to supplement its collections. Outstanding among these are Thomas R. +Howell, Robert J. Newman, Sam M. Ray, Robert E. Tucker, Harold E. +Wallace, and the late Austin W. Burdick. Their efforts in behalf of the +Museum have been untiring. I am grateful also to Thomas D. Burleigh and +Jas. Hy. Bruns, both of whom have played an integral part in our field +activities in recent years and without whose help much less would have +been accomplished. John S. Campbell, Ambrose Daigre, James Nelson +Gowanloch, Sara Elizabeth Hewes, E. A. McIlhenny, Edouard Morgan, and +George L. Tiebout, Jr., have generously contributed notes and specimens +which are duly attributed in the following text. For assistance in +taxonomic problems, or for the loan of comparative material, I wish to +thank John W. Aldrich, Herbert Friedmann, Howard K. Gloyd, Alden H. +Miller, Harry C. Oberholser, James L. Peters, Karl P. Schmidt, George M. +Sutton, J. Van Tyne, and Alexander Wetmore. + + +#Sula sula sula# (Linnaeus), Red-footed Booby + +An immature individual of this species came aboard a boat of the +Louisiana Department of Conservation near the mouth of Bayou Scofield, 7 +miles below Buras, Plaquemines Parish, on November 1, 1940. It was +captured by J. N. McConnell, who delivered it to James Nelson Gowanloch +of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The bird was then turned +over to me in the flesh for preparation and deposit in the Louisiana +State University Museum of Zoölogy. It has since been examined by James +L. Peters and Alexander Wetmore, who confirmed the identification. This +is the first specimen of the species obtained in the United States. The +only other record of its occurrence in this country is that of +individuals observed near Micco, Brevard County, Florida, on February +12, 1895 (Bangs, Auk, 19, 1902: 395-396). To eliminate possible +confusion in the literature, attention is called here to the fact that +the above-listed specimen was erroneously recorded by an anonymous +writer (La. Conserv. Rev., 10, Fall Issue, 1940: 12) as a Gannet, _Morus +bassanus_ (Linnaeus). + + +#Butorides virescens virescens# (Linnaeus), Eastern Green Heron + +No winter records for the occurrence of this species were available to +Oberholser in 1938, the latest date cited by him being October 27. +Recently, however, it has been noted several times in winter on the +coast of Louisiana. Kilby and Croker (Aud. Mag., 42, 1940: 117) observed +it at the mouth of the Mississippi River, near Pilot Town, on December +25, 1939, and Burleigh and I each obtained a specimen at Cameron on +December 13, 1940. Another was shot by me at the same place on February +2, 1946. The species is therefore of casual occurrence in the state in +winter. + + +#Dichromanassa rufescens# (Gmelin), Reddish Egret + +Although previously reported only as a casual summer visitor along the +coast, the Reddish Egret is known now to occur regularly in small +numbers during the winter. Since Oberholser (_op. cit._, 56) cited only +one specific record of occurrence in the state, all additional records +are listed here. On East Timbalier Island, one to three were seen daily, +August 16-19, 1940, and two to five were seen daily, November 15-17, +1940. In Cameron Parish, the species has been noted as follows (Lowery, +_et al._): two on December 14, 1940; one on January 3, 1943; three on +September 3 and two on November 4, 1944; one on April 29, 1945. Several +specimens were collected. + + +#Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus# (Linnaeus), Eastern Glossy Ibis + +#Plegadis mexicana# (Gmelin), White-faced Glossy Ibis + +Considerable confusion exists concerning the specific identity of the +glossy ibises inhabiting Louisiana. The fourth edition of the A. O. U. +Check-list (1931: 33) stated that _falcinellus_ "breeds rarely and +locally in central Florida and probably in Louisiana." In 1932, Holt +visited the marshes of Cameron Parish in southwestern Louisiana where he +studied the ibises nesting in a large rookery. Later he definitely +stated (Auk, 50, 1933: 351-352) that the birds seen by him were Eastern +Glossy Ibises (_Plegadis falcinellus_). It was doubtless Holt's +identification that influenced Oberholser to list _falcinellus_ as a +fairly common local resident in the state (_op. cit._, 78). This, +however, is contrary to the evidence at my disposal. My associates and I +have studied thousands of glossy ibises in the marshes of southwestern +Louisiana in the past ten years. These observations include numerous +field trips into the region where ibises are plentiful throughout the +year, especially during the breeding season. I have also visited a large +nesting rookery in Cameron Parish, the only one in the state known to +me, and the one which I have every reason to believe is the same colony +visited by Holt in 1932. Although Holt identified as _falcinellus_ the +birds seen by him at a nesting rookery in Cameron Parish, I have never +seen that species anywhere in Louisiana except at Grand Isle, 150 miles +east of Cameron, as henceforth noted. + +In winter when the White-faced Glossy Ibis lacks the white on its face, +some difficulty might be encountered in differentiating that species +from the Eastern Glossy Ibis. The perplexing thing, however, is that +Holt made his observations in the nesting season when no possible +confusion should exist; also he was in the middle of a nesting rookery +with birds close at hand on all sides. This fact notwithstanding, the +ibis nesting in the Cameron Parish rookery (known locally as "The Burn") +on May 28, 1942, was the white-faced species (_Plegadis mexicana_), as +evidenced by moving pictures taken by J. Harvey Roberts and by specimens +of varying ages collected at the same time by me. In all, the Louisiana +State University Museum of Zoölogy has 19 specimens of _mexicana_ taken +in Cameron Parish in April, May, November, December, and January. Field +records are available also for the months of February, March, July, and +September. + +Aside from Holt's statement, Oberholser had only five other records for +_falcinellus_ in Louisiana, one being a market specimen with incomplete +data and therefore of questionable scientific value. The remaining four +specimens were taken by E. R. Pike near the mouth of the Mississippi +River on November 13 and 17, 1930, and are now on deposit in the Chicago +Academy of Sciences. Recently I borrowed these specimens for +reëxamination with the following results. The three taken on November +17, 1930, are _mexicana_ and not _falcinellus_ as labeled and so +reported by Oberholser. The single specimen taken on November 13 is, +however, correctly identified as _falcinellus_. Alexander Wetmore kindly +examined the material for me and confirmed my identifications. The +occurrence of _falcinellus_ in Louisiana thus hinged on Holt's statement +and one preserved specimen. However, on July 23, 1944, in the marshes on +Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, I encountered a flock of 12 +immature ibises that impressed me by their blackness in contrast to the +color of glossy ibises with which I was familiar in Cameron Parish. Two +specimens were collected and both proved to be _falcinellus_. + +Holt's published observations cannot be positively refuted, for we +cannot be sure that a colony of _falcinellus_ did not exist in Cameron +Parish in 1932, nor that the portion of the rookery under his +observation did not consist of a segregated population of that species. +However, ten years of field observations by other ornithologists have +failed to disclose the species which Holt considered a common nesting +bird in an area where we now know that only the White-faced Glossy Ibis +occurs. The fact that Holt specifically stated that he failed to find +the white-faced bird at any time in his stay in Cameron Parish is +difficult to explain, but this much is certain--the present known status +of _falcinellus_ in Louisiana is that of only a rare and casual visitor. + + +#Branta canadensis hutchinsii# (Richardson), Hutchins Goose + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 89) cited only one Louisiana record for this +goose. The bird in question was shot but apparently not preserved. +Consequently, the status of the race on the Louisiana list was subject +to question. Recently, however, two typical specimens of _hutchinsii_ +were obtained in the state, one by Edouard Morgan, near Lake Catherine, +on November 7, 1942, and the other by Herman Deutsch, four miles above +the mouth of the Mermentau River, on November 2, 1944. The former is +displayed in the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Exhibit in the +Louisiana State Museum, and the latter is now in the Louisiana State +University Museum of Zoölogy. + + +#Oxyura dominica# (Linnaeus), Masked Duck + +A mounted specimen of this species was found by T. D. Burleigh and +myself in a sporting goods store in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Through the +kindness of Mr. Jack Gunn, owner, it was donated to the Louisiana State +University Museum Collection. The bird was shot approximately 25 miles +southeast of Lake Charles at Sweet Lake, Cameron Parish, on December 23, +1933, by R. T. Newton. This is the first recorded occurrence of the +species in Louisiana, as well as one of the very few instances of its +appearance anywhere in the United States. + + +#Buteo lineatus texanus# Bishop, Texas Red-shouldered Hawk + +Although this race has been recorded previously only from Texas and +northeastern Mexico, it appears to be of regular occurrence in southern +Louisiana in the fall and winter. The six specimens in the Louisiana +State University Collection, identified by Herbert Friedmann as +_texanus_, are as follows: Westover, November 25, 1937; Baton Rouge, +October 20, 1936, November 1, 1938, and September 3, 1940; University, +November 14, 1942; Hoo-shoo-too, October 12, 1941 (Lowery, Tiebout, and +Wallace). Another specimen, taken at Baton Rouge on September 17, 1940 +(Ray), was acquired by Louis B. Bishop, who identified it as _texanus_. + + +#Numenius americanus americanus# Bechstein, Long-billed Curlew + +#Numenius americanus parvus# Bishop, Northern Long-billed Curlew + +Thirteen specimens of this species in the Louisiana State University +Museum have been identified subspecifically (in part by J. Van Tyne) as +follows: _N. a. americanus_--4 [Female], Cameron, November 21 and 22, +1940, and December 5, 1942. _N. a. parvus_--4 [Male], 1 [Female], +Cameron, November 21 and 23, 1940, and April 11 and October 31, 1942; 1 +[Female], East Timbalier Island, August 18, 1940. Three are intermediate +in size and therefore not identifiable with certainty. Contrary to +published accounts, the Long-billed Curlew is a fairly common migrant in +certain parts of southern Louisiana. About seventy-five were counted on +the beach near Cameron on November 1, 1941, and twenty-five were noted +at the same place on December 6, 1942. Almost invariably a few are +present there during every month of the year. + + +#Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus# (Cassin), Western Snowy Plover + +#Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris# (Lawrence), Cuban Snowy Plover + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 216-217) listed the Cuban Snowy Plover as a rare +transient in Louisiana, and cited only four definite records based on +three specimens. Our recent studies, however, have yielded twelve +additional specimens and a number of sight records, all of which +indicate that the species is a regular and sometimes common migrant in +spring and fall. Eleven specimens in the series are identifiable with +certainty as examples of _nivosus_ and therefore constitute an addition +to the state list. They were taken at East Timbalier Island on November +15 and 16, 1940 (Burleigh, Lowery, and Ray), at Grand Isle on March 27, +1943 (Burleigh), and near Cameron on November 20 and 21, 1941, April 3 +and October 17, 1942, and September 3, 1944 (Burdick, Howell, and +Lowery). On April 29, 1945, Tucker saw twenty on the beach near Cameron, +but he did not obtain a specimen. A single adult male in our series, +taken on East Timbalier Island, on November 15, 1940 (Ray), is referable +to _tenuirostris_. + + +#Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus# Bonaparte, Semipalmated Plover + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 218) made special mention of the absence of +definite winter records for this species, but, in recent years, it has +been noted on numerous occasions in Louisiana in that season. For +example, ten were seen at Cameron on December 13, 1940, and the same +number was noted there on January 22 and 23, 1941 (Lowery, _et al._). A +specimen was shot at Cameron on December 5, 1942 (Lowery). + + +#Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia# Ord, Wilson Plover + +Oberholser's single winter record for this species (_op. cit._, 220) has +now been supplemented by two others--fifteen birds seen and three +collected at Cameron on January 22, 1941 (Burleigh, Wallace, and Ray); +one taken at the same place on December 5, 1942 (Burdick). + + +#Pluvialis dominica dominica# (Müller), American Golden Plover + +The presence of the Golden Plover on the northern Gulf coast in winter +already has been reported by Burleigh ("Bird Life of the Gulf Coast +Region of Mississippi," Occas. Papers Mus. Zoöl. La. State Univ., 20, +1944: 367), but since there are no published instances of its occurrence +in Louisiana at that season, the following four specimens are +noteworthy: two collected near Creole by Lowery and Ray on November 21, +1940; two others shot at the same place by Burdick and Tucker on +December 6, 1942; and one seen, but not taken, near Cameron on November +22, 1941 (Lowery, _et al._). + + +#Erolia bairdii# (Coues), Baird Sandpiper + +Since there is only one previous definite record of the occurrence of +this species in the state, the following records are significant. A male +was obtained by Burdick at University, 3 miles south, on October 25, +1942. I saw three at the same place on October 29 and shot a male there +on November 9. The only spring record is that of a bird seen by me at +University, 1 mile south, on May 16, 1945. + + +#Steganopus tricolor# Vieillot, Wilson Phalarope + +Apparently the first definite record of this species in the state is +that of an adult female, in breeding plumage, shot by E. A. McIlhenny at +Avery Island, Louisiana, on May 10, 1939, and later sent to the +Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy. A second specimen, a male +in winter plumage, was taken by Burdick 5 miles south of the University +on September 12, 1943. + + +#Limosa fedoa# (Linnaeus), Marbled Godwit + +This species was listed by Oberholser (_op. cit._, 271) as a very rare +winter resident along the Gulf coast region of southern Louisiana and he +cited only two records of occurrence in the state. The following +additional records should clarify its present-day status. In 1940 two +were seen on East Timbalier Island on August 19, eight on November 15, +and seventy-five on both November 16 and 17. Three were seen near +Cameron on November 21, 1941. In 1942, two were seen near Cameron on +April 4, five on April 5, three on April 11, two on April 22, and one on +April 23. Another was noted near Cameron on October 7, 1943 (Lowery, _et +al._). A small series of specimens was taken from the birds mentioned +above. In connection with this species, it may be of interest to note +that the Hudsonian Godwit (_Limosa haemastica_) has not been observed in +Louisiana by me or my associates. + + +#Geococcyx californianus# (Lesson), Road-runner + +The Road-runner inhabits the northwestern part of the state where it has +been reported for many years by local residents. However, since +confirmation of its occurrence was lacking, previous publications on the +birds of the state have not listed, it. The first definite record is +that of a bird killed near Shreveport, on May 1, 1938, by an unspecified +collector. Another was shot four miles north of Keatchie, De Soto +Parish, on July 9, 1943, by Delmer B. Johnson, at that time field +biologist with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Both +specimens are in the Louisiana State University Museum. Johnson states +that he has seen the species on a number of occasions, specific records +being in April and May, 1943, twelve miles east of Mansfield, and two +miles east of Logansport. Various reports of nests have been received, +but as yet no completely satisfactory breeding record for the state has +been obtained. + + +#Columbigallina passerina pallescens# (Baird), Mexican Ground Dove + +The Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy now has a series of 21 +specimens of _Columbigallina passerina_ collected in Louisiana since the +publication of Oberholser's book, in which only a few records for _C. p. +passerina_ alone are cited. Examination of the new material reveals that +eleven specimens are clearly referable to _pallescens_, providing, +therefore, an addition to the avifauna of the state. As might be +expected, _pallescens_ prevails in the western part of the state, +although, at least occasionally, it migrates farther east. The specimens +identifiable as _pallescens_ are as follows: 7 [Male], 1 [Female], +Cameron, April 3, 1938 (Lowery); December 15, 1940 (Wallace); November 1 +and 20, 1941 (Burdick and Lowery); October 31, 1942 (Burdick and +Tucker). Two females were taken at White Castle on January 18, 1938 +(Hewes), and another was shot at Carville on January 15, 1941 (Lowery). +No Louisiana breeding record for the species is yet available, but in +1939 I saw a pair in the last week of May at Baton Rouge, another near +Plaquemine on May 17, 1946, and George M. Sutton and I noted a pair +almost daily at Cameron between April 22 and 30, 1942. If the bird +breeds in Cameron Parish, the nesting race may prove to be _pallescens_, +since a bird taken there on April 3, as listed above, belongs to that +subspecies. + + +#Chordeiles minor minor# (Forster), Eastern Nighthawk + +Since the one previous record (Oberholser, _op. cit._, 348) of the +occurrence of this subspecies in the state now proves to be an example +of _C. m. howelli_, the following specimens, all taken after the +publication of Oberholser's book, constitute the only Louisiana records: +4 [Male], 1 [Female], University, October 3, 5, 12, 23, 1941 (Burdick, +Howell, Ray, and Lowery); 4 [Male], 1 [Female], University, May 15, 18, +22, 30, 1942 (Burdick and Lowery); 1 [Male], Creole, September 2, 1944 +(Burdick). + + +#Chordeiles minor howelli# Oberholser, Howell Nighthawk + +The only state records known, all previously unpublished, are as +follows: 1 [Female], Colfax, May 15, 1937 (Lowery); 2 [Male], 1 +[Female], University, May 23 and 24 and October 3, 1941 (Ray and +Lowery); 3 [Male], University, May 22 and 25, 1942 (Burdick); 1 [Male], +Chloe, 10 miles south, April 28, 1945; 1 [Male], Creole, 2 miles west, +April 30, 1945 (Tucker). + + +#Chordeiles minor aserriensis# Cherrie, Cherrie Nighthawk + +Three specimens, one male and two females, taken from flocks of +migrating nighthawks at University on September 29 and October 3 and 9, +1941 (Ray and Lowery), are the only records of the occurrence of this +race in the state. + + +#Chordeiles minor sennetti# Coues, Sennett Nighthawk + +A female taken at University on September 29, 1941 (Burdick), and a male +shot at the same place on May 22, 1942 (Lowery), constitute the basis +for the addition of this subspecies to the Louisiana list. + + +#Chordeiles acutipennis texensis# Lawrence, Texas Nighthawk + +At dusk on April 10, 1942, in company with Burdick and Ray, I +encountered a small flock of nighthawks feeding over the marsh near the +beach a few miles from Cameron. Darkness came before more than two could +be collected, but both of these proved to be the Texas Nighthawk, a +species not heretofore recorded from Louisiana. On the following day a +nighthawk was found perched in a tree near the marsh where the birds had +been seen the previous evening. It was collected and likewise proved to +be _texensis_. + + +#Muscivora forficata# (Gmelin), Scissor-tailed Flycatcher + +The nesting of this species in northwestern Louisiana has been indicated +for some time, especially after Wallace noted it at Lucas, in Caddo +Parish, on June 16 and July 21, 1942. However, the first authentic +breeding record for the state was furnished by a freshly built nest +found by Edgar W. Fullilove and myself several miles below Bossier, on +July 3, 1945. At least two pairs were found there in a large cotton +field in which an occasional pecan tree had been left standing. The nest +was in one of these trees, about 25 feet from the ground and far out on +the end of a limb. Fullilove informed me that to his knowledge the +species had nested in this field for at least ten years and that on +numerous previous occasions he had seen both nests and young. + + +#Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens# (Lawrence), Ash-throated Flycatcher + +The first record of the occurrence of this species in Louisiana is that +of a male collected by Howell at University, on March 20, 1943. On +December 23, 1945, I shot a second specimen, a female, on the bank of +False River opposite New Roads. When found, both birds were actively +pursuing insects and on being skinned, both were found to be very fat. + + +#Empidonax flaviventris# (Baird and Baird), Yellow-bellied Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 394) listed this species as a rare autumn +transient, citing one definite Louisiana record for that season. On the +contrary, the species is quite regular in fall. Six specimens have been +collected at University, one each on September 12, 17, 18, and 28, 1940, +October 22, 1942, and September 26, 1943 (Lowery and Wallace). Two +others have been taken at Cameron, on October 7, 1943 (Burleigh), and +September 2, 1944 (Lowery). There are numerous sight records, but since +the species cannot be distinguished with certainty in the field from +extremely yellow-plumaged Acadian Flycatchers, none of these is +recorded. + + +#Empidonax traillii traillii# (Audubon), Alder Flycatcher + +This species long has been regarded as an uncommon transient in +Louisiana in both spring and fall. However, recent field work has shown +the bird to occur regularly and sometimes abundantly in autumnal +migration. Forty-one specimens have been collected at University on +dates ranging from August 17 to October 5 (Lowery, _et al._). Specimens +taken by Burleigh at New Orleans on September 27, 1941, and August 23, +1943, are in the Louisiana State University Museum. + + +#Empidonax minimus# (Baird and Baird), Least Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 397) listed this species as an uncommon +transient since he had only a few sight records at hand. Since field +identification of all eastern empidonaces in fall is open to question, +our recent data, based on collected material, are significant. Six +specimens have been taken at University on dates ranging from September +15 to October 5, and five at Cameron between July 25 and October 17 +inclusive (Lowery, _et al._). Another specimen in the collection is that +of a bird taken by Burleigh at New Orleans on October 1, 1942. There is, +as yet, no unquestionable spring record for Louisiana. + + +#Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus# Sclater, Vermilion Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 401) listed only one record for this species, a +male observed by H. E. Wallace at University, on February 6, 1938, and +shot the next day by me. Since 1938, however, it has been found +regularly and frequently at numerous localities in southern Louisiana in +winter. At Baton Rouge, for example, an adult male was noted almost +daily between October 19, 1941, and January 7, 1942, at a small pond on +the University campus. An immature male was seen there also on November +25, 1941, but not thereafter. In the following autumn another adult male +appeared at the same place on October 23, and was observed regularly +until January 15, 1943. Again, an adult male returned to the same area +on November 10, 1943, and remained until the middle of January, 1944. W. +C. Abbott informs me that for several years one or two individuals have +spent the winter at a small willow-bordered pond at his home near +Hopevilla, Iberville Parish. Like the individuals noted at Baton Rouge, +Abbott's birds arrived in October or November and remained until the +following January or February. H. B. Chase, Jr., noted two individuals +at City Park Lake in New Orleans in the winter of 1944-45, and three at +the same place in the winter of 1945-46. I have seen the species +frequently in Cameron Parish, in southwestern Louisiana, where six +specimens have been collected on dates ranging from November 4 to +January 22. Atwood (Auk, 60, 1943: 453) has also recorded its presence +near the Laccasine Refuge in Cameron Parish. An immature male was +obtained at False River, near Lakeland, in Pointe Coupee Parish, on +November 8, 1942 (Burdick). E. A. McIlhenny writes me that he has seen +the species many times at Avery Island and recently he sent me a skin of +an adult female which he collected there on October 25, 1945 (also _cf._ +McIlhenny, Auk, 52, 1935: 187). From these data it is evident that the +Vermilion Flycatcher is now a regular winter visitor to southern +Louisiana. + + +#Troglodytes troglodytes pullus# (Burleigh), Southern Winter Wren + +A rather large series of Winter Wrens, all taken later than the date of +publication of Oberholser's book, includes three specimens of this race +and provides an addition to the state list. Two of the specimens are +males collected at Baton Rouge on November 23 and December 21, 1943 +(Burleigh), and the other is a male shot at the same place on January +23, 1944 (Burdick). Several additional specimens in the series are +noticeably darker than the average _hiemalis_ and may have migrated from +a zone of intergradation. + + +#Turdus migratorius nigrideus# Aldrich and Nutt, Newfoundland Robin + +The only two records for the occurrence of this race in Louisiana are +those of specimens taken at Baton Rouge on February 1, 1937, and +February 9, 1946 (Lowery). + + +#Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni# (Tschudi), Eastern Olive-backed Thrush + +#Hylocichla ustulata almae# Oberholser, Alma Olive-backed Thrush + +Only four Louisiana specimens of the Olive-backed Thrush were available +to Oberholser in 1938. He identified two as _swainsoni_ and two as +_almae_. We have since collected twenty-five specimens in the state, +seven of which are definitely _almae_. Of the remaining, all are clearly +_swainsoni_ with the exception of a few that appear intermediate in +color. The specimens of _almae_ were collected at Cameron, Baton Rouge, +and Baines on dates ranging from April 26 to May 16 and from September +29 to October 6. The specimens of _swainsoni_ were taken at New Orleans, +Port Hudson, Baton Rouge, and Baines between April 20 and May 16 and +between September 12 and October 28. + + +#Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola# Ridgway, Willow Thrush + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 474) recorded this race as a rare spring +transient on the basis of two records. However, eleven out of +twenty-three recently taken specimens are referable to _salicicola_, +indicating that _salicicola_ and _fuscescens_ possibly occur in +approximately equal numbers, in both spring and fall. The dates on which +_salicicola_ have been collected range from April 22 to May 16, and from +September 14 to 27. They were taken at Cameron, Port Hudson, Baton +Rouge, University, and Baines. + + +#Anthus spinoletta pacificus# Todd, Western Pipit + +The only Louisiana record for this far western race is that of a female +taken by me at Jennings, on January 3, 1943. The specimen was sent to +Alden H. Miller, who compared it with material in the Museum of +Vertebrate Zoölogy and verified the identification. As a rule, I +scrutinize closely with binoculars all flocks of pipits, and as a +result, on several occasions have detected pale individuals that stood +out from the remainder of the flock. However, the above-mentioned +specimen is the only individual so detected that I succeeded in +shooting. + + +#Vireo solitarius alticola# Brewster, Mountain Vireo + +Four specimens out of a series of twenty-eight Blue-headed Vireos taken +in Louisiana since 1938 are referable to this race. It has not been +recorded previously from the state. The specimens consist of a male and +a female collected at Bogalusa on February 9, 1939, a male taken at +Tunica on March 30, 1939, and a female at Erwinville on March 11, 1941 +(Lowery). + + +#Helmitheros vermivorus# (Gmelin), Worm-eating Warbler + +Although there are no published nesting records of this species in +Louisiana, it is now known to be a common summer resident in the +beech-magnolia forests of the Bayou Sara-Tunica Hills section north of +St. Francisville. Jas. Hy. Bruns has supplied me with copious data on +the birds seen in the nesting season at Baines, and the two of us have +spent a great deal of time searching for a nest, without success. +However, Bruns obtained a juvenile female, just out of a nest, on June +28, 1942. + + +#Seiurus aurocapillus furvior# Batchelder, Newfoundland Oven-bird + +#Seiurus aurocapillus cinereus# A. H. Miller, Gray Oven-bird + +Four specimens in our series of Oven-birds are identifiable without +question as examples of _furvior_. Two were collected by me at +University on September 15 and 25, 1940, and Tucker shot one there on +September 27, 1942, and another at Cameron on April 29, 1945. There are +also two specimens in the series referable to _cinereus_, as well as +several that are intermediate between _cinereus_ and _S. a. +aurocapillus_. Burdick shot one of the typical examples of _cinereus_ at +University on September 24, 1942, and I shot the other at the same place +on May 16, 1945. + + +#Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis# (Gmelin), Northern Water-thrush + +#Seiurus noveboracensis limnaeus# McCabe and Miller, British Columbia +Water-thrush + +A. H. Miller has recently examined our large series of migrant +Water-thrushes and identified three as good examples of _limnaeus_, and +six as _noveboracensis_, neither one of which has been recorded +previously from the state. The specimens of _limnaeus_ were taken at or +near University on October 2, 1942 (Howell), October 12, 1943, and May +11, 1945 (Burleigh). The specimens of _noveboracensis_ were collected at +University on September 14, 1941 (Lowery); at Baines on September 4, +1943, August 20, 1944, and May 6, 1945 (Bruns); at New Orleans on +October 20, 1941 (Burleigh); and at Cameron on April 26, 1942 (Lowery). + + +#Geothlypis trichas occidentalis# Brewster, Western Yellow-throat + +I have found it impracticable to determine subspecifically every +specimen in our series of 104 Yellow-throats from Louisiana. However, +two female specimens taken by me, one at Cameron on December 4, 1938, +and the other on False River at Lakeland on February 11, 1941, are +without doubt representatives of the race now known as _occidentalis_, a +subspecies not previously recorded from this state. Several additional +specimens in the series are probably also of that race, but I am +deferring, for the time, recording them as such. + + +#Icteria virens virens# (Linnaeus), Yellow-breasted Chat + +The only winter record for Louisiana is that of a female taken by me at +Hackberry on January 24, 1941. + + +#Wilsonia pusilla pusilla# (Wilson), Wilson Warbler + +The only winter record for the state is that of a female shot by T. D. +Burleigh on December 20, 1944, in a thicket along the Mississippi River +at University. He first found the bird at this place in November, and he +saw it several times in December before he succeeded in obtaining it. +Since Oberholser cited so few Louisiana records, it might be well to +mention in this connection that the species is after all a fairly common +fall migrant in southern Louisiana. At Baton Rouge it occurs regularly +between September 11 and October 24, and at Cameron it has been noted +between October 17 and November 21. There are still no spring records +for southern Louisiana. + + +#Sturnella neglecta# Audubon, Western Meadowlark + +In 1938 Oberholser cited only two Louisiana records, both from the +northwestern part of the state. However, recently the species has been +found in the south-central region. Two were collected at Churchill on +February 11, 1941 (Lowery and Wallace), and another was shot at +University on December 9, 1942 (Burdick). There are in addition several +sight records, all of birds in song. + + +#Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola# Lowery, Mesquite Great-tailed Grackle + +I am indebted to E. A. McIlhenny for material that now permits the +definite recording of this subspecies from Louisiana. On occasions +during the winters of 1938, 1939, and 1940, McIlhenny sent me specimens +of grackles in the flesh which he had removed from his bird-banding +traps at Avery Island. Selection was based primarily on eye-color; +individuals with clear yellow irises proved invariably to be examples of +_prosopidicola_, whereas those with brown or yellow-brown irises were +always _major_. The final basis for sub-specific identification was, +however, size and plumage color. The series provided by McIlhenny +consists of six females taken on November 24 and December 20, 1938, +December 18, 1939, January 22 and March 5, 1940. Since the range in +Texas of typical _prosopidicola_ extends eastward to within thirty miles +of the Louisiana line, it is not surprising that occasional individuals +or flocks wander into Louisiana in winter. + + +#Passerculus sandwichensis mediogriseus# Aldrich, Southeastern Savannah +Sparrow + +#Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius# Howe, Labrador Savannah Sparrow + +#Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis# Grinnell, Nevada Savannah Sparrow + +Our series of 107 Savannah Sparrows, collected in Louisiana almost +entirely since the publication of Oberholser's book, includes +representatives of five geographical races, as follows: 37 _savanna_, 24 +_oblitus_, 12 _mediogriseus_, 8 _labradorius_, and 7 _nevadensis_. The +remaining 19 specimens show various combinations of characters and +appear to be intergrades, and so have not been assigned definitely to +any one race. I am indebted to James L. Peters for the identification of +most of our specimens. Since _mediogriseus_ and _labradorius_ have not +been reported previously from Louisiana, and since there is only one +Louisiana record of _nevadensis_ (Miles, Auk, 60, 1943: 606-607), actual +dates and localities of occurrence for these races are listed here. _P. +s. mediogriseus_ (specimens by Burdick, Howell, Lowery, Ray, Tucker, +and Wallace)--University, January 31, 1939; February 11 and 29, April +29, November 28, and December 16, 1940; December 6 and 7, 1941; October +10 and 25, 1942; April 14, 1943. Erwinville, March 11, 1941. _P. s. +labradorius_ (specimens by Burleigh, Lowery, McIlhenny, Ray and +Wallace)--University, February 15 and November 8, 1940; January 1, 1941; +December 11, 1943. 2 mi. NE Baton Rouge, January 1, 1941. Burtville, +December 8, 1939. Avery Island, May 3, 1939. Lake Charles, November 20, +1940. _P. s. nevadensis_ (specimens by Burdick, Lowery, and +Wallace)--Iowa Station, January 23 and 24, 1940. University, February 10 +and March 10, 1940. University, December 7, 1941, and November 15, 1942. +Cameron, December 6, 1942. There are at present no _bona fide_ records +of _P. s. anthinus_ in Louisiana, since the one recorded example of that +race (Oberholser, _op. cit._, 647) appears, on reëxamination, to be +referable to _savanna_ (_fide_ J. L. Peters). + + +#Ammodramus savannarum pratensis# Vieillot, Eastern Grasshopper Sparrow + +Eight specimens of the Grasshopper Sparrow taken recently in Louisiana +are without exception referable to _pratensis_. Our one remaining +specimen, a male collected at Pride on December 19, 1937, is an example +of _perpallidus_ as recorded by Oberholser (_op. cit._, 648). Although +the present series is inadequate for determining the prevailing form in +the state in the winter, it would appear that _pratensis_ is more +common, rather than _perpallidus_ as indicated by Oberholser. + + +#Chondestes grammacus strigatus# Swainson, Western Lark Sparrow + +Oberholser cited only one Louisiana record for this race. The following +additional records are now available: a specimen was taken by Howell at +Cameron on October 31, 1942, and one was obtained by me at University on +April 13, 1945. The species is a transient in both localities. A +supplementary winter record for the Lark Sparrow in Louisiana is that of +an individual seen at Port Hudson on December 23, 1945, by Howell and +Newman. The bird was shot, but unfortunately, it was not retrieved. + + +#Junco hyemalis cismontanus# Dwight, Cassiar Junco + +The only specimen in our series of Slate-colored Juncos that is a +clear-cut example of this race is a male taken by Ambrose Daigre at +Catahoula Lake on November 29, 1939. A. H. Miller has confirmed the +identification. + + +#Calcarius lapponicus alascensis# Ridgway, Alaska Longspur + +Oberholser listed this species as a casual winter visitor in northern +Louisiana, which was possibly no more than was indicated by records then +available to him. Since 1938, however, the species has been observed in +large flocks at various localities in the southern part of the state, +notably in January, 1941, when the whole state was blanketed with snow. +Nevertheless, snow is apparently not prerequisite to the appearance of +the species this far south, for on January 1 and 3, 1943, a flock of +approximately a thousand individuals was seen a few miles north of +Jennings. Again, on February 14, 1943, about half of what may have been +the original flock was observed there. In neither instance was there +snow anywhere in Louisiana. Of the thirty specimens in the Louisiana +State University Collection, eleven have been identified by Alexander +Wetmore as somewhat intermediate between _alascensis_ and _lapponicus_, +but closer to the former. Only _lapponicus_ has been previously recorded +from Louisiana. The specimens of _alascensis_ were taken at Baton Rouge +on January 25 and 28, 1940; Cornor, January 27, 1940; Lottie, January +27, 1940; and 10 miles north of Jennings, January 1 and February 14, +1943 (Burdick, Campbell, Hewes, Lowery, and Wallace). + + _Transmitted February 1, 1947._ + + + 21-6959 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Additions to the List of the Birds of +Louisiana, by George H. 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Lowery, Jr. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Additions to the List of the Birds of +Louisiana, by George H. Lowery, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana + +Author: George H. Lowery, Jr. + +Release Date: December 2, 2010 [EBook #34546] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIST OF BIRDS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p> +<h1>Additions to the List of the Birds<br /> +of Louisiana</h1> + +<h5>BY</h5> + +<h3>GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR.</h3> + +<h4>University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History<br /> +<br /> +Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192<br /> +November 7, 1947</h4> + +<h4>UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS<br /> +LAWRENCE<br /> +1947</h4> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane,<br /> +Edward H. Taylor<br /> +<br /> +Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192<br /> +Published November 7, 1947<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<big><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</big></h4> + +<h5>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1947<br /> +<br /> +21-6959<br /> +</h5> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p> +<h1>Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana</h1> + +<h4>By</h4> + +<h3>GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR.</h3> + + +<p>Oberholser's "Bird Life of Louisiana" (La. Dept. Conserv. Bull. +28, 1938), was a notable contribution to the ornithology of the Gulf +Coast region and the lower Mississippi Valley, for it gave not only +a complete distributional synopsis of every species and subspecies +of bird then known to occur in Louisiana but also nearly every record +of a Louisiana bird up to 1938. However, at the time of the +appearance of this publication, one of the most active periods in +Louisiana ornithology was just then beginning. The bird collection +in the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy had been +started only the year before, and the first comprehensive field work +since the time of Beyer, Kohn, Kopman, and Allison, two decades +before, was still in its initial stage. Since 1938 the Museum of Zoölogy +has acquired more specimens of birds from Louisiana than +were collected there in all of the years prior to that time. Many parts +of the state have been studied where no previous work at all had +been done. Also in the last eight years some capable ornithologists +have visited the state as students at Louisiana State University, +and each has contributed greatly to the mass of new data now available. +Despite the excellence of Oberholser's compilation of records, +it is, therefore, not surprising that even at this early date twenty-four +additions can be made to the list of birds known from Louisiana. +Furthermore, this recently acquired information permits the +emendation of the recorded status of scores of species, each previously +ascribed to the state on the basis of comparatively meager +data.</p> + +<p>The plan is to publish eventually a revision of the birds of Louisiana +which will incorporate all of the new information, but the +projected scope of this work is such that many years may elapse +before it is finished. The present paper is intended to record only +the more pertinent additions, particularly records that may be significant +in connection with the preparation of the fifth edition of +the American Ornithologists' Union's "Check-list of North American +Birds." There are numerous species for which Oberholser cited +only a few records, but of which we now have many records and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> +large series of specimens. If, in such instances, the treatment given +in the fourth edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's +Check-list would not be materially affected, I have omitted mention +of the new material in this paper.</p> + +<p>I am indebted to a number of ornithologists who have presented +their notes on Louisiana birds to the Museum of Zoölogy and who +have done much to supplement its collections. Outstanding among +these are Thomas R. Howell, Robert J. Newman, Sam M. Ray, +Robert E. Tucker, Harold E. Wallace, and the late Austin W. Burdick. +Their efforts in behalf of the Museum have been untiring. I am +grateful also to Thomas D. Burleigh and Jas. Hy. Bruns, both of +whom have played an integral part in our field activities in recent +years and without whose help much less would have been accomplished. +John S. Campbell, Ambrose Daigre, James Nelson Gowanloch, +Sara Elizabeth Hewes, E. A. McIlhenny, Edouard Morgan, +and George L. Tiebout, Jr., have generously contributed notes and +specimens which are duly attributed in the following text. For assistance +in taxonomic problems, or for the loan of comparative material, +I wish to thank John W. Aldrich, Herbert Friedmann, Howard +K. Gloyd, Alden H. Miller, Harry C. Oberholser, James L. +Peters, Karl P. Schmidt, George M. Sutton, J. Van Tyne, and Alexander +Wetmore.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Sula sula sula</b> (Linnaeus), Red-footed Booby</p> + +<p>An immature individual of this species came aboard a boat of the Louisiana +Department of Conservation near the mouth of Bayou Scofield, 7 miles below +Buras, Plaquemines Parish, on November 1, 1940. It was captured by J. N. +McConnell, who delivered it to James Nelson Gowanloch of the Department +of Wildlife and Fisheries. The bird was then turned over to me in the flesh for +preparation and deposit in the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy. +It has since been examined by James L. Peters and Alexander Wetmore, +who confirmed the identification. This is the first specimen of the species +obtained in the United States. The only other record of its occurrence in +this country is that of individuals observed near Micco, Brevard County, +Florida, on February 12, 1895 (Bangs, Auk, 19, 1902: 395-396). To eliminate +possible confusion in the literature, attention is called here to the fact that +the above-listed specimen was erroneously recorded by an anonymous writer +(La. Conserv. Rev., 10, Fall Issue, 1940: 12) as a Gannet, <i>Morus bassanus</i> (Linnaeus).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Butorides virescens virescens</b> (Linnaeus), Eastern Green Heron</p> + +<p>No winter records for the occurrence of this species were available to Oberholser +in 1938, the latest date cited by him being October 27. Recently, however, +it has been noted several times in winter on the coast of Louisiana. +Kilby and Croker (Aud. Mag., 42, 1940: 117) observed it at the mouth of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> +the Mississippi River, near Pilot Town, on December 25, 1939, and Burleigh +and I each obtained a specimen at Cameron on December 13, 1940. Another +was shot by me at the same place on February 2, 1946. The species is therefore +of casual occurrence in the state in winter.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Dichromanassa rufescens</b> (Gmelin), Reddish Egret</p> + +<p>Although previously reported only as a casual summer visitor along the +coast, the Reddish Egret is known now to occur regularly in small numbers +during the winter. Since Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 56) cited only one specific +record of occurrence in the state, all additional records are listed here. On +East Timbalier Island, one to three were seen daily, August 16-19, 1940, and +two to five were seen daily, November 15-17, 1940. In Cameron Parish, the +species has been noted as follows (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>): two on December 14, 1940; +one on January 3, 1943; three on September 3 and two on November 4, 1944; +one on April 29, 1945. Several specimens were collected.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus</b> (Linnaeus), Eastern Glossy Ibis</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Plegadis mexicana</b> (Gmelin), White-faced Glossy Ibis</p> + +<p>Considerable confusion exists concerning the specific identity of the glossy +ibises inhabiting Louisiana. The fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check-list +(1931: 33) stated that <i>falcinellus</i> "breeds rarely and locally in central Florida +and probably in Louisiana." In 1932, Holt visited the marshes of Cameron +Parish in southwestern Louisiana where he studied the ibises nesting in a +large rookery. Later he definitely stated (Auk, 50, 1933: 351-352) that the +birds seen by him were Eastern Glossy Ibises (<i>Plegadis falcinellus</i>). It was +doubtless Holt's identification that influenced Oberholser to list <i>falcinellus</i> as +a fairly common local resident in the state (<i>op. cit.</i>, 78). This, however, is +contrary to the evidence at my disposal. My associates and I have studied +thousands of glossy ibises in the marshes of southwestern Louisiana in the +past ten years. These observations include numerous field trips into the region +where ibises are plentiful throughout the year, especially during the +breeding season. I have also visited a large nesting rookery in Cameron +Parish, the only one in the state known to me, and the one which I have +every reason to believe is the same colony visited by Holt in 1932. Although +Holt identified as <i>falcinellus</i> the birds seen by him at a nesting rookery in +Cameron Parish, I have never seen that species anywhere in Louisiana except +at Grand Isle, 150 miles east of Cameron, as henceforth noted.</p> + +<p>In winter when the White-faced Glossy Ibis lacks the white on its face, +some difficulty might be encountered in differentiating that species from the +Eastern Glossy Ibis. The perplexing thing, however, is that Holt made his +observations in the nesting season when no possible confusion should exist; +also he was in the middle of a nesting rookery with birds close at hand on +all sides. This fact notwithstanding, the ibis nesting in the Cameron Parish +rookery (known locally as "The Burn") on May 28, 1942, was the white-faced +species (<i>Plegadis mexicana</i>), as evidenced by moving pictures taken by +J. Harvey Roberts and by specimens of varying ages collected at the same +time by me. In all, the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy has +19 specimens of <i>mexicana</i> taken in Cameron Parish in April, May, November, +December, and January. Field records are available also for the months of +February, March, July, and September.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span>Aside +from Holt's statement, Oberholser had only five other records for +<i>falcinellus</i> in Louisiana, one being a market specimen with incomplete data +and therefore of questionable scientific value. The remaining four specimens +were taken by E. R. Pike near the mouth of the Mississippi River on November +13 and 17, 1930, and are now on deposit in the Chicago Academy of +Sciences. Recently I borrowed these specimens for reëxamination with the +following results. The three taken on November 17, 1930, are <i>mexicana</i> and +not <i>falcinellus</i> as labeled and so reported by Oberholser. The single specimen +taken on November 13 is, however, correctly identified as <i>falcinellus</i>. +Alexander Wetmore kindly examined the material for me and confirmed my +identifications. The occurrence of <i>falcinellus</i> in Louisiana thus hinged on +Holt's statement and one preserved specimen. However, on July 23, 1944, in +the marshes on Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, I encountered a flock +of 12 immature ibises that impressed me by their blackness in contrast to the +color of glossy ibises with which I was familiar in Cameron Parish. Two +specimens were collected and both proved to be <i>falcinellus</i>.</p> + +<p>Holt's published observations cannot be positively refuted, for we cannot +be sure that a colony of <i>falcinellus</i> did not exist in Cameron Parish in 1932, +nor that the portion of the rookery under his observation did not consist of +a segregated population of that species. However, ten years of field observations +by other ornithologists have failed to disclose the species which Holt considered a +common nesting bird in an area where we now know that only the White-faced +Glossy Ibis occurs. The fact that Holt specifically stated that he failed to +find the white-faced bird at any time in his stay in Cameron Parish is difficult +to explain, but this much is certain—the present known status of <i>falcinellus</i> +in Louisiana is that of only a rare and casual visitor.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Branta canadensis hutchinsii</b> (Richardson), Hutchins Goose</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 89) cited only one Louisiana record for this goose. +The bird in question was shot but apparently not preserved. Consequently, +the status of the race on the Louisiana list was subject to question. Recently, +however, two typical specimens of <i>hutchinsii</i> were obtained in the state, one +by Edouard Morgan, near Lake Catherine, on November 7, 1942, and the +other by Herman Deutsch, four miles above the mouth of the Mermentau +River, on November 2, 1944. The former is displayed in the Louisiana Wildlife +and Fisheries Exhibit in the Louisiana State Museum, and the latter is +now in the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Oxyura dominica</b> (Linnaeus), Masked Duck</p> + +<p>A mounted specimen of this species was found by T. D. Burleigh and myself +in a sporting goods store in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Through the kindness of +Mr. Jack Gunn, owner, it was donated to the Louisiana State University +Museum Collection. The bird was shot approximately 25 miles southeast of +Lake Charles at Sweet Lake, Cameron Parish, on December 23, 1933, by R. +T. Newton. This is the first recorded occurrence of the species in Louisiana, +as well as one of the very few instances of its appearance anywhere in the United +States.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Buteo lineatus texanus</b> Bishop, Texas Red-shouldered Hawk</p> + +<p>Although this race has been recorded previously only from Texas and northeastern +Mexico, it appears to be of regular occurrence in southern Louisiana +in the fall and winter. The six specimens in the Louisiana State University +Collection, identified by Herbert Friedmann as <i>texanus</i>, are as follows: Westover, +November 25, 1937; Baton Rouge, October 20, 1936, November 1, 1938, +and September 3, 1940; University, November 14, 1942; Hoo-shoo-too, October +12, 1941 (Lowery, Tiebout, and Wallace). Another specimen, taken at Baton +Rouge on September 17, 1940 (Ray), was acquired by Louis B. Bishop, who +identified it as <i>texanus</i>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Numenius americanus americanus</b> Bechstein, Long-billed Curlew</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Numenius americanus parvus</b> Bishop, Northern Long-billed Curlew</p> + +<p>Thirteen specimens of this species in the Louisiana State University Museum +have been identified subspecifically (in part by J. Van Tyne) as follows: +<i>N. a. americanus</i>—4 ♀, Cameron, November 21 and 22, 1940, and December +5, 1942. <i>N. a. parvus</i>—4 ♂, 1 ♀, Cameron, November 21 and 23, 1940, and +April 11 and October 31, 1942; 1 ♀, East Timbalier Island, August 18, 1940. +Three are intermediate in size and therefore not identifiable with certainty. +Contrary to published accounts, the Long-billed Curlew is a fairly common +migrant in certain parts of southern Louisiana. About seventy-five were +counted on the beach near Cameron on November 1, 1941, and twenty-five +were noted at the same place on December 6, 1942. Almost invariably a few +are present there during every month of the year.</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus</b> (Cassin), Western Snowy Plover</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris</b> (Lawrence), Cuban Snowy Plover</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 216-217) listed the Cuban Snowy Plover as a rare +transient in Louisiana, and cited only four definite records based on three +specimens. Our recent studies, however, have yielded twelve additional +specimens and a number of sight records, all of which indicate that the species +is a regular and sometimes common migrant in spring and fall. Eleven specimens +in the series are identifiable with certainty as examples of <i>nivosus</i> and +therefore constitute an addition to the state list. They were taken at East +Timbalier Island on November 15 and 16, 1940 (Burleigh, Lowery, and Ray), +at Grand Isle on March 27, 1943 (Burleigh), and near Cameron on November +20 and 21, 1941, April 3 and October 17, 1942, and September 3, 1944 (Burdick, +Howell, and Lowery). On April 29, 1945, Tucker saw twenty on the beach +near Cameron, but he did not obtain a specimen. A single adult male in our +series, taken on East Timbalier Island, on November 15, 1940 (Ray), is referable +to <i>tenuirostris</i>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus</b> Bonaparte, Semipalmated Plover</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 218) made special mention of the absence of definite +winter records for this species, but, in recent years, it has been noted on +numerous occasions in Louisiana in that season. For example, ten were seen +at Cameron on December 13, 1940, and the same number was noted there on +January 22 and 23, 1941 (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>). A specimen was shot at Cameron +on December 5, 1942 (Lowery).</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia</b> Ord, Wilson Plover</p> + +<p>Oberholser's single winter record for this species (<i>op. cit.</i>, 220) has now been +supplemented by two others—fifteen birds seen and three collected at Cameron +on January 22, 1941 (Burleigh, Wallace, and Ray); one taken at the +same place on December 5, 1942 (Burdick).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Pluvialis dominica dominica</b> (Müller), American Golden Plover</p> + +<p>The presence of the Golden Plover on the northern Gulf coast in winter +already has been reported by Burleigh ("Bird Life of the Gulf Coast Region +of Mississippi," Occas. Papers Mus. Zoöl. La. State Univ., 20, 1944: 367), but +since there are no published instances of its occurrence in Louisiana at that +season, the following four specimens are noteworthy: two collected near +Creole by Lowery and Ray on November 21, 1940; two others shot at the +same place by Burdick and Tucker on December 6, 1942; and one seen, but +not taken, near Cameron on November 22, 1941 (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Erolia bairdii</b> (Coues), Baird Sandpiper</p> + +<p>Since there is only one previous definite record of the occurrence of this +species in the state, the following records are significant. A male was obtained +by Burdick at University, 3 miles south, on October 25, 1942. I saw +three at the same place on October 29 and shot a male there on November +9. The only spring record is that of a bird seen by me at University, 1 mile +south, on May 16, 1945.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Steganopus tricolor</b> Vieillot, Wilson Phalarope</p> + +<p>Apparently the first definite record of this species in the state is that of an +adult female, in breeding plumage, shot by E. A. McIlhenny at Avery Island, +Louisiana, on May 10, 1939, and later sent to the Louisiana State University +Museum of Zoölogy. A second specimen, a male in winter plumage, was +taken by Burdick 5 miles south of the University on September 12, 1943.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Limosa fedoa</b> (Linnaeus), Marbled Godwit</p> + +<p>This species was listed by Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 271) as a very rare winter +resident along the Gulf coast region of southern Louisiana and he cited only +two records of occurrence in the state. The following additional records +should clarify its present-day status. In 1940 two were seen on East Timbalier +Island on August 19, eight on November 15, and seventy-five on both November +16 and 17. Three were seen near Cameron on November 21, 1941. In +1942, two were seen near Cameron on April 4, five on April 5, three on April +11, two on April 22, and one on April 23. Another was noted near Cameron +on October 7, 1943 (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>). A small series of specimens was taken +from the birds mentioned above. In connection with this species, it may be +of interest to note that the Hudsonian Godwit (<i>Limosa haemastica</i>) has not +been observed in Louisiana by me or my associates.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Geococcyx californianus</b> (Lesson), Road-runner</p> + +<p>The Road-runner inhabits the northwestern part of the state where it has +been reported for many years by local residents. However, since confirmation +of its occurrence was lacking, previous publications on the birds of the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> +state have not listed, it. The first definite record is that of a bird killed near +Shreveport, on May 1, 1938, by an unspecified collector. Another was shot +four miles north of Keatchie, De Soto Parish, on July 9, 1943, by Delmer B. +Johnson, at that time field biologist with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife +and Fisheries. Both specimens are in the Louisiana State University +Museum. Johnson states that he has seen the species on a number of occasions, +specific records being in April and May, 1943, twelve miles east of +Mansfield, and two miles east of Logansport. Various reports of nests have +been received, but as yet no completely satisfactory breeding record for the +state has been obtained.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Columbigallina passerina pallescens</b> (Baird), Mexican Ground Dove</p> + +<p>The Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy now has a series of +21 specimens of <i>Columbigallina passerina</i> collected in Louisiana since the publication +of Oberholser's book, in which only a few records for <i>C. p. passerina</i> +alone are cited. Examination of the new material reveals that eleven specimens +are clearly referable to <i>pallescens</i>, providing, therefore, an addition to +the avifauna of the state. As might be expected, <i>pallescens</i> prevails in the +western part of the state, although, at least occasionally, it migrates farther +east. The specimens identifiable as <i>pallescens</i> are as follows: 7 ♂, 1 ♀, Cameron, +April 3, 1938 (Lowery); December 15, 1940 (Wallace); November 1 and +20, 1941 (Burdick and Lowery); October 31, 1942 (Burdick and Tucker). +Two females were taken at White Castle on January 18, 1938 (Hewes), and +another was shot at Carville on January 15, 1941 (Lowery). No Louisiana +breeding record for the species is yet available, but in 1939 I saw a pair in +the last week of May at Baton Rouge, another near Plaquemine on May 17, +1946, and George M. Sutton and I noted a pair almost daily at Cameron between +April 22 and 30, 1942. If the bird breeds in Cameron Parish, the nesting +race may prove to be <i>pallescens</i>, since a bird taken there on April 3, as +listed above, belongs to that subspecies.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Chordeiles minor minor</b> (Forster), Eastern Nighthawk</p> + +<p>Since the one previous record (Oberholser, <i>op. cit.</i>, 348) of the occurrence +of this subspecies in the state now proves to be an example of <i>C. m. howelli</i>, +the following specimens, all taken after the publication of Oberholser's book, +constitute the only Louisiana records: 4 ♂, 1 ♀, University, October 3, 5, 12, +23, 1941 (Burdick, Howell, Ray, and Lowery); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, University, May 15, +18, 22, 30, 1942 (Burdick and Lowery); 1 ♂, Creole, September 2, 1944 (Burdick).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Chordeiles minor howelli</b> Oberholser, Howell Nighthawk</p> + +<p>The only state records known, all previously unpublished, are as follows: +1 ♀, Colfax, May 15, 1937 (Lowery); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, University, May 23 and 24 and +October 3, 1941 (Ray and Lowery); 3 ♂, University, May 22 and 25, 1942 +(Burdick); 1 ♂, Chloe, 10 miles south, April 28, 1945; 1 ♂, Creole, 2 miles +west, April 30, 1945 (Tucker).</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Chordeiles minor aserriensis</b> Cherrie, Cherrie Nighthawk</p> + +<p>Three specimens, one male and two females, taken from flocks of migrating +nighthawks at University on September 29 and October 3 and 9, 1941 (Ray +and Lowery), are the only records of the occurrence of this race in the state.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Chordeiles minor sennetti</b> Coues, Sennett Nighthawk</p> + +<p>A female taken at University on September 29, 1941 (Burdick), and a +male shot at the same place on May 22, 1942 (Lowery), constitute the basis +for the addition of this subspecies to the Louisiana list.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Chordeiles acutipennis texensis</b> Lawrence, Texas Nighthawk</p> + +<p>At dusk on April 10, 1942, in company with Burdick and Ray, I encountered +a small flock of nighthawks feeding over the marsh near the beach +a few miles from Cameron. Darkness came before more than two could be +collected, but both of these proved to be the Texas Nighthawk, a species not +heretofore recorded from Louisiana. On the following day a nighthawk was +found perched in a tree near the marsh where the birds had been seen the +previous evening. It was collected and likewise proved to be <i>texensis</i>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Muscivora forficata</b> (Gmelin), Scissor-tailed Flycatcher</p> + +<p>The nesting of this species in northwestern Louisiana has been indicated +for some time, especially after Wallace noted it at Lucas, in Caddo Parish, +on June 16 and July 21, 1942. However, the first authentic breeding record for +the state was furnished by a freshly built nest found by Edgar W. Fullilove +and myself several miles below Bossier, on July 3, 1945. At least two pairs +were found there in a large cotton field in which an occasional pecan tree had +been left standing. The nest was in one of these trees, about 25 feet from the +ground and far out on the end of a limb. Fullilove informed me that to his +knowledge the species had nested in this field for at least ten years and that +on numerous previous occasions he had seen both nests and young.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens</b> (Lawrence), Ash-throated Flycatcher</p> + +<p>The first record of the occurrence of this species in Louisiana is that of a +male collected by Howell at University, on March 20, 1943. On December 23, +1945, I shot a second specimen, a female, on the bank of False River opposite +New Roads. When found, both birds were actively pursuing insects and on +being skinned, both were found to be very fat.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Empidonax flaviventris</b> (Baird and Baird), Yellow-bellied Flycatcher</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 394) listed this species as a rare autumn transient, +citing one definite Louisiana record for that season. On the contrary, the species +is quite regular in fall. Six specimens have been collected at University, one +each on September 12, 17, 18, and 28, 1940, October 22, 1942, and September +26, 1943 (Lowery and Wallace). Two others have been taken at Cameron, +on October 7, 1943 (Burleigh), and September 2, 1944 (Lowery). There are +numerous sight records, but since the species cannot be distinguished with +certainty in the field from extremely yellow-plumaged Acadian Flycatchers, +none of these is recorded.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Empidonax traillii traillii</b> (Audubon), Alder Flycatcher</p> + +<p>This species long has been regarded as an uncommon transient in Louisiana +in both spring and fall. However, recent field work has shown the bird to +occur regularly and sometimes abundantly in autumnal migration. Forty-one +specimens have been collected at University on dates ranging from August +17 to October 5 (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>). Specimens taken by Burleigh at New Orleans +on September 27, 1941, and August 23, 1943, are in the Louisiana State University +Museum.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Empidonax minimus</b> (Baird and Baird), Least Flycatcher</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 397) listed this species as an uncommon transient +since he had only a few sight records at hand. Since field identification of all +eastern empidonaces in fall is open to question, our recent data, based on +collected material, are significant. Six specimens have been taken at University +on dates ranging from September 15 to October 5, and five at Cameron +between July 25 and October 17 inclusive (Lowery, <i>et al.</i>). Another specimen +in the collection is that of a bird taken by Burleigh at New Orleans on October +1, 1942. There is, as yet, no unquestionable spring record for Louisiana.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus</b> Sclater, Vermilion Flycatcher</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 401) listed only one record for this species, a male observed +by H. E. Wallace at University, on February 6, 1938, and shot the next +day by me. Since 1938, however, it has been found regularly and frequently at +numerous localities in southern Louisiana in winter. At Baton Rouge, for example, +an adult male was noted almost daily between October 19, 1941, and January +7, 1942, at a small pond on the University campus. An immature male +was seen there also on November 25, 1941, but not thereafter. In the following +autumn another adult male appeared at the same place on October 23, and was +observed regularly until January 15, 1943. Again, an adult male returned to the +same area on November 10, 1943, and remained until the middle of January, +1944. W. C. Abbott informs me that for several years one or two individuals +have spent the winter at a small willow-bordered pond at his home near Hopevilla, +Iberville Parish. Like the individuals noted at Baton Rouge, Abbott's +birds arrived in October or November and remained until the following January +or February. H. B. Chase, Jr., noted two individuals at City Park Lake in New +Orleans in the winter of 1944-45, and three at the same place in the winter of +1945-46. I have seen the species frequently in Cameron Parish, in southwestern +Louisiana, where six specimens have been collected on dates ranging +from November 4 to January 22. Atwood (Auk, 60, 1943: 453) has also recorded +its presence near the Laccasine Refuge in Cameron Parish. An immature +male was obtained at False River, near Lakeland, in Pointe Coupee +Parish, on November 8, 1942 (Burdick). E. A. McIlhenny writes me that he +has seen the species many times at Avery Island and recently he sent me a skin +of an adult female which he collected there on October 25, 1945 (also <i>cf.</i> +McIlhenny, Auk, 52, 1935: 187). From these data it is evident that the +Vermilion Flycatcher is now a regular winter visitor to southern Louisiana.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Troglodytes troglodytes pullus</b> (Burleigh), Southern Winter Wren</p> + +<p>A rather large series of Winter Wrens, all taken later than the date of publication +of Oberholser's book, includes three specimens of this race and provides +an addition to the state list. Two of the specimens are males collected at +Baton Rouge on November 23 and December 21, 1943 (Burleigh), and the +other is a male shot at the same place on January 23, 1944 (Burdick). Several +additional specimens in the series are noticeably darker than the average +<i>hiemalis</i> and may have migrated from a zone of intergradation.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Turdus migratorius nigrideus</b> Aldrich and Nutt, Newfoundland Robin</p> + +<p>The only two records for the occurrence of this race in Louisiana are those +of specimens taken at Baton Rouge on February 1, 1937, and February 9, 1946 +(Lowery).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni</b> (Tschudi), Eastern Olive-backed Thrush</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Hylocichla ustulata almae</b> Oberholser, Alma Olive-backed Thrush</p> + +<p>Only four Louisiana specimens of the Olive-backed Thrush were available +to Oberholser in 1938. He identified two as <i>swainsoni</i> and two as <i>almae</i>. We +have since collected twenty-five specimens in the state, seven of which are +definitely <i>almae</i>. Of the remaining, all are clearly <i>swainsoni</i> with the exception +of a few that appear intermediate in color. The specimens of <i>almae</i> +were collected at Cameron, Baton Rouge, and Baines on dates ranging from +April 26 to May 16 and from September 29 to October 6. The specimens of +<i>swainsoni</i> were taken at New Orleans, Port Hudson, Baton Rouge, and Baines +between April 20 and May 16 and between September 12 and October 28.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola</b> Ridgway, Willow Thrush</p> + +<p>Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 474) recorded this race as a rare spring transient on +the basis of two records. However, eleven out of twenty-three recently taken +specimens are referable to <i>salicicola</i>, indicating that <i>salicicola</i> and <i>fuscescens</i> +possibly occur in approximately equal numbers, in both spring and fall. The +dates on which <i>salicicola</i> have been collected range from April 22 to May 16, +and from September 14 to 27. They were taken at Cameron, Port Hudson, +Baton Rouge, University, and Baines.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Anthus spinoletta pacificus</b> Todd, Western Pipit</p> + +<p>The only Louisiana record for this far western race is that of a female taken +by me at Jennings, on January 3, 1943. The specimen was sent to Alden H. +Miller, who compared it with material in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy +and verified the identification. As a rule, I scrutinize closely with binoculars +all flocks of pipits, and as a result, on several occasions have detected pale +individuals that stood out from the remainder of the flock. However, the +above-mentioned specimen is the only individual so detected that I succeeded +in shooting.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Vireo solitarius alticola</b> Brewster, Mountain Vireo</p> + +<p>Four specimens out of a series of twenty-eight Blue-headed Vireos taken +in Louisiana since 1938 are referable to this race. It has not been recorded +previously from the state. The specimens consist of a male and a female collected +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> +at Bogalusa on February 9, 1939, a male taken at Tunica on March 30, +1939, and a female at Erwinville on March 11, 1941 (Lowery).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Helmitheros vermivorus</b> (Gmelin), Worm-eating Warbler</p> + +<p>Although there are no published nesting records of this species in Louisiana, +it is now known to be a common summer resident in the beech-magnolia +forests of the Bayou Sara-Tunica Hills section north of St. Francisville. Jas. +Hy. Bruns has supplied me with copious data on the birds seen in the nesting +season at Baines, and the two of us have spent a great deal of time searching +for a nest, without success. However, Bruns obtained a juvenile female, just +out of a nest, on June 28, 1942.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Seiurus aurocapillus furvior</b> Batchelder, Newfoundland Oven-bird</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Seiurus aurocapillus cinereus</b> A. H. Miller, Gray Oven-bird</p> + +<p>Four specimens in our series of Oven-birds are identifiable without question +as examples of <i>furvior</i>. Two were collected by me at University on September +15 and 25, 1940, and Tucker shot one there on September 27, 1942, and +another at Cameron on April 29, 1945. There are also two specimens in the +series referable to <i>cinereus</i>, as well as several that are intermediate between +<i>cinereus</i> and <i>S. a. aurocapillus</i>. Burdick shot one of the typical examples of <i>cinereus</i> +at University on September 24, 1942, and I shot the other at the same +place on May 16, 1945.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis</b> (Gmelin), Northern Water-thrush</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Seiurus noveboracensis limnaeus</b> McCabe and Miller, British Columbia Water-thrush</p> + +<p>A. H. Miller has recently examined our large series of migrant Water-thrushes +and identified three as good examples of <i>limnaeus</i>, and six as <i>noveboracensis</i>, +neither one of which has been recorded previously from the state. +The specimens of <i>limnaeus</i> were taken at or near University on October 2, +1942 (Howell), October 12, 1943, and May 11, 1945 (Burleigh). The specimens +of <i>noveboracensis</i> were collected at University on September 14, 1941 (Lowery); +at Baines on September 4, 1943, August 20, 1944, and May 6, 1945 +(Bruns); at New Orleans on October 20, 1941 (Burleigh); and at Cameron +on April 26, 1942 (Lowery).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Geothlypis trichas occidentalis</b> Brewster, Western Yellow-throat</p> + +<p>I have found it impracticable to determine subspecifically every specimen +in our series of 104 Yellow-throats from Louisiana. However, two female +specimens taken by me, one at Cameron on December 4, 1938, and the other +on False River at Lakeland on February 11, 1941, are without doubt representatives +of the race now known as <i>occidentalis</i>, a subspecies not previously +recorded from this state. Several additional specimens in the series are probably +also of that race, but I am deferring, for the time, recording them as such.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Icteria virens virens</b> (Linnaeus), Yellow-breasted Chat</p> + +<p>The only winter record for Louisiana is that of a female taken by me at +Hackberry on January 24, 1941.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Wilsonia pusilla pusilla</b> (Wilson), Wilson Warbler</p> + +<p>The only winter record for the state is that of a female shot by T. D. Burleigh +on December 20, 1944, in a thicket along the Mississippi River at University. +He first found the bird at this place in November, and he saw it +several times in December before he succeeded in obtaining it. Since Oberholser +cited so few Louisiana records, it might be well to mention in this connection +that the species is after all a fairly common fall migrant in southern +Louisiana. At Baton Rouge it occurs regularly between September 11 and +October 24, and at Cameron it has been noted between October 17 and November +21. There are still no spring records for southern Louisiana.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Sturnella neglecta</b> Audubon, Western Meadowlark</p> + +<p>In 1938 Oberholser cited only two Louisiana records, both from the northwestern +part of the state. However, recently the species has been found in +the south-central region. Two were collected at Churchill on February 11, +1941 (Lowery and Wallace), and another was shot at University on December +9, 1942 (Burdick). There are in addition several sight records, all of birds in +song.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola</b> Lowery, Mesquite Great-tailed Grackle</p> + +<p>I am indebted to E. A. McIlhenny for material that now permits the definite +recording of this subspecies from Louisiana. On occasions during the +winters of 1938, 1939, and 1940, McIlhenny sent me specimens of grackles in +the flesh which he had removed from his bird-banding traps at Avery Island. +Selection was based primarily on eye-color; individuals with clear yellow +irises proved invariably to be examples of <i>prosopidicola</i>, whereas those with +brown or yellow-brown irises were always <i>major</i>. The final basis for sub-specific +identification was, however, size and plumage color. The series provided +by McIlhenny consists of six females taken on November 24 and December +20, 1938, December 18, 1939, January 22 and March 5, 1940. Since the +range in Texas of typical <i>prosopidicola</i> extends eastward to within thirty miles +of the Louisiana line, it is not surprising that occasional individuals or flocks +wander into Louisiana in winter.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Passerculus sandwichensis mediogriseus</b> Aldrich, Southeastern Savannah Sparrow</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius</b> Howe, Labrador Savannah Sparrow</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis</b> Grinnell, Nevada Savannah Sparrow</p> + +<p>Our series of 107 Savannah Sparrows, collected in Louisiana almost entirely +since the publication of Oberholser's book, includes representatives of +five geographical races, as follows: 37 <i>savanna</i>, 24 <i>oblitus</i>, 12 <i>mediogriseus</i>, 8 +<i>labradorius</i>, and 7 <i>nevadensis</i>. The remaining 19 specimens show various +combinations of characters and appear to be intergrades, and so have not +been assigned definitely to any one race. I am indebted to James L. Peters +for the identification of most of our specimens. Since <i>mediogriseus</i> and <i>labradorius</i> +have not been reported previously from Louisiana, and since there +is only one Louisiana record of <i>nevadensis</i> (Miles, Auk, 60, 1943: 606-607), +actual dates and localities of occurrence for these races are listed here. <i>P. s.</i> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> +<i>mediogriseus</i> (specimens by Burdick, Howell, Lowery, Ray, Tucker, and Wallace)—University, +January 31, 1939; February 11 and 29, April 29, November +28, and December 16, 1940; December 6 and 7, 1941; October 10 and 25, 1942; +April 14, 1943. Erwinville, March 11, 1941. <i>P. s. labradorius</i> (specimens by +Burleigh, Lowery, McIlhenny, Ray and Wallace)—University, February 15 and +November 8, 1940; January 1, 1941; December 11, 1943. 2 mi. NE Baton +Rouge, January 1, 1941. Burtville, December 8, 1939. Avery Island, May 3, +1939. Lake Charles, November 20, 1940. <i>P. s. nevadensis</i> (specimens by Burdick, +Lowery, and Wallace)—Iowa Station, January 23 and 24, 1940. University, +February 10 and March 10, 1940. University, December 7, 1941, and November +15, 1942. Cameron, December 6, 1942. There are at present no <i>bona +fide</i> records of <i>P. s. anthinus</i> in Louisiana, since the one recorded example of +that race (Oberholser, <i>op. cit.</i>, 647) appears, on reëxamination, to be referable +to <i>savanna</i> (<i>fide</i> J. L. Peters).</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Ammodramus savannarum pratensis</b> Vieillot, Eastern Grasshopper Sparrow</p> + +<p>Eight specimens of the Grasshopper Sparrow taken recently in Louisiana +are without exception referable to <i>pratensis</i>. Our one remaining specimen, a +male collected at Pride on December 19, 1937, is an example of <i>perpallidus</i> as +recorded by Oberholser (<i>op. cit.</i>, 648). Although the present series is inadequate +for determining the prevailing form in the state in the winter, it would +appear that <i>pratensis</i> is more common, rather than <i>perpallidus</i> as indicated by +Oberholser.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Chondestes grammacus strigatus</b> Swainson, Western Lark Sparrow</p> + +<p>Oberholser cited only one Louisiana record for this race. The following +additional records are now available: a specimen was taken by Howell at +Cameron on October 31, 1942, and one was obtained by me at University on +April 13, 1945. The species is a transient in both localities. A supplementary +winter record for the Lark Sparrow in Louisiana is that of an individual seen +at Port Hudson on December 23, 1945, by Howell and Newman. The bird +was shot, but unfortunately, it was not retrieved.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Junco hyemalis cismontanus</b> Dwight, Cassiar Junco</p> + +<p>The only specimen in our series of Slate-colored Juncos that is a clear-cut +example of this race is a male taken by Ambrose Daigre at Catahoula Lake +on November 29, 1939. A. H. Miller has confirmed the identification.</p> + + +<p class="center"><b>Calcarius lapponicus alascensis</b> Ridgway, Alaska Longspur</p> + +<p>Oberholser listed this species as a casual winter visitor in northern Louisiana, +which was possibly no more than was indicated by records then available +to him. Since 1938, however, the species has been observed in large flocks at +various localities in the southern part of the state, notably in January, 1941, +when the whole state was blanketed with snow. Nevertheless, snow is apparently +not prerequisite to the appearance of the species this far south, for +on January 1 and 3, 1943, a flock of approximately a thousand individuals +was seen a few miles north of Jennings. Again, on February 14, 1943, about +half of what may have been the original flock was observed there. In neither +instance was there snow anywhere in Louisiana. Of the thirty specimens in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> +the Louisiana State University Collection, eleven have been identified by +Alexander Wetmore as somewhat intermediate between <i>alascensis</i> and <i>lapponicus</i>, +but closer to the former. Only <i>lapponicus</i> has been previously recorded +from Louisiana. The specimens of <i>alascensis</i> were taken at Baton Rouge on +January 25 and 28, 1940; Cornor, January 27, 1940; Lottie, January 27, 1940; +and 10 miles north of Jennings, January 1 and February 14, 1943 (Burdick, +Campbell, Hewes, Lowery, and Wallace).</p> + +<p> <i>Transmitted February 1, 1947.</i></p> + + +<h4>21-6959</h4> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Additions to the List of the Birds of +Louisiana, by George H. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana + +Author: George H. Lowery, Jr. + +Release Date: December 2, 2010 [EBook #34546] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIST OF BIRDS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + Additions to the List of the Birds + of Louisiana + + BY + + GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR. + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192 + November 7, 1947 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1947 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, + Edward H. Taylor + + Volume 1, No. 9, pp. 177-192 + Published November 7, 1947 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1947 + + 21-6959 + + + + + Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana + + By + GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR. + + +Oberholser's "Bird Life of Louisiana" (La. Dept. Conserv. Bull. 28, +1938), was a notable contribution to the ornithology of the Gulf Coast +region and the lower Mississippi Valley, for it gave not only a complete +distributional synopsis of every species and subspecies of bird then +known to occur in Louisiana but also nearly every record of a Louisiana +bird up to 1938. However, at the time of the appearance of this +publication, one of the most active periods in Louisiana ornithology was +just then beginning. The bird collection in the Louisiana State +University Museum of Zooelogy had been started only the year before, and +the first comprehensive field work since the time of Beyer, Kohn, +Kopman, and Allison, two decades before, was still in its initial stage. +Since 1938 the Museum of Zooelogy has acquired more specimens of birds +from Louisiana than were collected there in all of the years prior to +that time. Many parts of the state have been studied where no previous +work at all had been done. Also in the last eight years some capable +ornithologists have visited the state as students at Louisiana State +University, and each has contributed greatly to the mass of new data now +available. Despite the excellence of Oberholser's compilation of +records, it is, therefore, not surprising that even at this early date +twenty-four additions can be made to the list of birds known from +Louisiana. Furthermore, this recently acquired information permits the +emendation of the recorded status of scores of species, each previously +ascribed to the state on the basis of comparatively meager data. + +The plan is to publish eventually a revision of the birds of Louisiana +which will incorporate all of the new information, but the projected +scope of this work is such that many years may elapse before it is +finished. The present paper is intended to record only the more +pertinent additions, particularly records that may be significant in +connection with the preparation of the fifth edition of the American +Ornithologists' Union's "Check-list of North American Birds." There are +numerous species for which Oberholser cited only a few records, but of +which we now have many records and large series of specimens. If, in +such instances, the treatment given in the fourth edition of the +American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list would not be materially +affected, I have omitted mention of the new material in this paper. + +I am indebted to a number of ornithologists who have presented their +notes on Louisiana birds to the Museum of Zooelogy and who have done much +to supplement its collections. Outstanding among these are Thomas R. +Howell, Robert J. Newman, Sam M. Ray, Robert E. Tucker, Harold E. +Wallace, and the late Austin W. Burdick. Their efforts in behalf of the +Museum have been untiring. I am grateful also to Thomas D. Burleigh and +Jas. Hy. Bruns, both of whom have played an integral part in our field +activities in recent years and without whose help much less would have +been accomplished. John S. Campbell, Ambrose Daigre, James Nelson +Gowanloch, Sara Elizabeth Hewes, E. A. McIlhenny, Edouard Morgan, and +George L. Tiebout, Jr., have generously contributed notes and specimens +which are duly attributed in the following text. For assistance in +taxonomic problems, or for the loan of comparative material, I wish to +thank John W. Aldrich, Herbert Friedmann, Howard K. Gloyd, Alden H. +Miller, Harry C. Oberholser, James L. Peters, Karl P. Schmidt, George M. +Sutton, J. Van Tyne, and Alexander Wetmore. + + +#Sula sula sula# (Linnaeus), Red-footed Booby + +An immature individual of this species came aboard a boat of the +Louisiana Department of Conservation near the mouth of Bayou Scofield, 7 +miles below Buras, Plaquemines Parish, on November 1, 1940. It was +captured by J. N. McConnell, who delivered it to James Nelson Gowanloch +of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The bird was then turned +over to me in the flesh for preparation and deposit in the Louisiana +State University Museum of Zooelogy. It has since been examined by James +L. Peters and Alexander Wetmore, who confirmed the identification. This +is the first specimen of the species obtained in the United States. The +only other record of its occurrence in this country is that of +individuals observed near Micco, Brevard County, Florida, on February +12, 1895 (Bangs, Auk, 19, 1902: 395-396). To eliminate possible +confusion in the literature, attention is called here to the fact that +the above-listed specimen was erroneously recorded by an anonymous +writer (La. Conserv. Rev., 10, Fall Issue, 1940: 12) as a Gannet, _Morus +bassanus_ (Linnaeus). + + +#Butorides virescens virescens# (Linnaeus), Eastern Green Heron + +No winter records for the occurrence of this species were available to +Oberholser in 1938, the latest date cited by him being October 27. +Recently, however, it has been noted several times in winter on the +coast of Louisiana. Kilby and Croker (Aud. Mag., 42, 1940: 117) observed +it at the mouth of the Mississippi River, near Pilot Town, on December +25, 1939, and Burleigh and I each obtained a specimen at Cameron on +December 13, 1940. Another was shot by me at the same place on February +2, 1946. The species is therefore of casual occurrence in the state in +winter. + + +#Dichromanassa rufescens# (Gmelin), Reddish Egret + +Although previously reported only as a casual summer visitor along the +coast, the Reddish Egret is known now to occur regularly in small +numbers during the winter. Since Oberholser (_op. cit._, 56) cited only +one specific record of occurrence in the state, all additional records +are listed here. On East Timbalier Island, one to three were seen daily, +August 16-19, 1940, and two to five were seen daily, November 15-17, +1940. In Cameron Parish, the species has been noted as follows (Lowery, +_et al._): two on December 14, 1940; one on January 3, 1943; three on +September 3 and two on November 4, 1944; one on April 29, 1945. Several +specimens were collected. + + +#Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus# (Linnaeus), Eastern Glossy Ibis + +#Plegadis mexicana# (Gmelin), White-faced Glossy Ibis + +Considerable confusion exists concerning the specific identity of the +glossy ibises inhabiting Louisiana. The fourth edition of the A. O. U. +Check-list (1931: 33) stated that _falcinellus_ "breeds rarely and +locally in central Florida and probably in Louisiana." In 1932, Holt +visited the marshes of Cameron Parish in southwestern Louisiana where he +studied the ibises nesting in a large rookery. Later he definitely +stated (Auk, 50, 1933: 351-352) that the birds seen by him were Eastern +Glossy Ibises (_Plegadis falcinellus_). It was doubtless Holt's +identification that influenced Oberholser to list _falcinellus_ as a +fairly common local resident in the state (_op. cit._, 78). This, +however, is contrary to the evidence at my disposal. My associates and I +have studied thousands of glossy ibises in the marshes of southwestern +Louisiana in the past ten years. These observations include numerous +field trips into the region where ibises are plentiful throughout the +year, especially during the breeding season. I have also visited a large +nesting rookery in Cameron Parish, the only one in the state known to +me, and the one which I have every reason to believe is the same colony +visited by Holt in 1932. Although Holt identified as _falcinellus_ the +birds seen by him at a nesting rookery in Cameron Parish, I have never +seen that species anywhere in Louisiana except at Grand Isle, 150 miles +east of Cameron, as henceforth noted. + +In winter when the White-faced Glossy Ibis lacks the white on its face, +some difficulty might be encountered in differentiating that species +from the Eastern Glossy Ibis. The perplexing thing, however, is that +Holt made his observations in the nesting season when no possible +confusion should exist; also he was in the middle of a nesting rookery +with birds close at hand on all sides. This fact notwithstanding, the +ibis nesting in the Cameron Parish rookery (known locally as "The Burn") +on May 28, 1942, was the white-faced species (_Plegadis mexicana_), as +evidenced by moving pictures taken by J. Harvey Roberts and by specimens +of varying ages collected at the same time by me. In all, the Louisiana +State University Museum of Zooelogy has 19 specimens of _mexicana_ taken +in Cameron Parish in April, May, November, December, and January. Field +records are available also for the months of February, March, July, and +September. + +Aside from Holt's statement, Oberholser had only five other records for +_falcinellus_ in Louisiana, one being a market specimen with incomplete +data and therefore of questionable scientific value. The remaining four +specimens were taken by E. R. Pike near the mouth of the Mississippi +River on November 13 and 17, 1930, and are now on deposit in the Chicago +Academy of Sciences. Recently I borrowed these specimens for +reexamination with the following results. The three taken on November +17, 1930, are _mexicana_ and not _falcinellus_ as labeled and so +reported by Oberholser. The single specimen taken on November 13 is, +however, correctly identified as _falcinellus_. Alexander Wetmore kindly +examined the material for me and confirmed my identifications. The +occurrence of _falcinellus_ in Louisiana thus hinged on Holt's statement +and one preserved specimen. However, on July 23, 1944, in the marshes on +Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, I encountered a flock of 12 +immature ibises that impressed me by their blackness in contrast to the +color of glossy ibises with which I was familiar in Cameron Parish. Two +specimens were collected and both proved to be _falcinellus_. + +Holt's published observations cannot be positively refuted, for we +cannot be sure that a colony of _falcinellus_ did not exist in Cameron +Parish in 1932, nor that the portion of the rookery under his +observation did not consist of a segregated population of that species. +However, ten years of field observations by other ornithologists have +failed to disclose the species which Holt considered a common nesting +bird in an area where we now know that only the White-faced Glossy Ibis +occurs. The fact that Holt specifically stated that he failed to find +the white-faced bird at any time in his stay in Cameron Parish is +difficult to explain, but this much is certain--the present known status +of _falcinellus_ in Louisiana is that of only a rare and casual visitor. + + +#Branta canadensis hutchinsii# (Richardson), Hutchins Goose + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 89) cited only one Louisiana record for this +goose. The bird in question was shot but apparently not preserved. +Consequently, the status of the race on the Louisiana list was subject +to question. Recently, however, two typical specimens of _hutchinsii_ +were obtained in the state, one by Edouard Morgan, near Lake Catherine, +on November 7, 1942, and the other by Herman Deutsch, four miles above +the mouth of the Mermentau River, on November 2, 1944. The former is +displayed in the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Exhibit in the +Louisiana State Museum, and the latter is now in the Louisiana State +University Museum of Zooelogy. + + +#Oxyura dominica# (Linnaeus), Masked Duck + +A mounted specimen of this species was found by T. D. Burleigh and +myself in a sporting goods store in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Through the +kindness of Mr. Jack Gunn, owner, it was donated to the Louisiana State +University Museum Collection. The bird was shot approximately 25 miles +southeast of Lake Charles at Sweet Lake, Cameron Parish, on December 23, +1933, by R. T. Newton. This is the first recorded occurrence of the +species in Louisiana, as well as one of the very few instances of its +appearance anywhere in the United States. + + +#Buteo lineatus texanus# Bishop, Texas Red-shouldered Hawk + +Although this race has been recorded previously only from Texas and +northeastern Mexico, it appears to be of regular occurrence in southern +Louisiana in the fall and winter. The six specimens in the Louisiana +State University Collection, identified by Herbert Friedmann as +_texanus_, are as follows: Westover, November 25, 1937; Baton Rouge, +October 20, 1936, November 1, 1938, and September 3, 1940; University, +November 14, 1942; Hoo-shoo-too, October 12, 1941 (Lowery, Tiebout, and +Wallace). Another specimen, taken at Baton Rouge on September 17, 1940 +(Ray), was acquired by Louis B. Bishop, who identified it as _texanus_. + + +#Numenius americanus americanus# Bechstein, Long-billed Curlew + +#Numenius americanus parvus# Bishop, Northern Long-billed Curlew + +Thirteen specimens of this species in the Louisiana State University +Museum have been identified subspecifically (in part by J. Van Tyne) as +follows: _N. a. americanus_--4 [Female], Cameron, November 21 and 22, +1940, and December 5, 1942. _N. a. parvus_--4 [Male], 1 [Female], +Cameron, November 21 and 23, 1940, and April 11 and October 31, 1942; 1 +[Female], East Timbalier Island, August 18, 1940. Three are intermediate +in size and therefore not identifiable with certainty. Contrary to +published accounts, the Long-billed Curlew is a fairly common migrant in +certain parts of southern Louisiana. About seventy-five were counted on +the beach near Cameron on November 1, 1941, and twenty-five were noted +at the same place on December 6, 1942. Almost invariably a few are +present there during every month of the year. + + +#Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus# (Cassin), Western Snowy Plover + +#Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris# (Lawrence), Cuban Snowy Plover + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 216-217) listed the Cuban Snowy Plover as a rare +transient in Louisiana, and cited only four definite records based on +three specimens. Our recent studies, however, have yielded twelve +additional specimens and a number of sight records, all of which +indicate that the species is a regular and sometimes common migrant in +spring and fall. Eleven specimens in the series are identifiable with +certainty as examples of _nivosus_ and therefore constitute an addition +to the state list. They were taken at East Timbalier Island on November +15 and 16, 1940 (Burleigh, Lowery, and Ray), at Grand Isle on March 27, +1943 (Burleigh), and near Cameron on November 20 and 21, 1941, April 3 +and October 17, 1942, and September 3, 1944 (Burdick, Howell, and +Lowery). On April 29, 1945, Tucker saw twenty on the beach near Cameron, +but he did not obtain a specimen. A single adult male in our series, +taken on East Timbalier Island, on November 15, 1940 (Ray), is referable +to _tenuirostris_. + + +#Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus# Bonaparte, Semipalmated Plover + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 218) made special mention of the absence of +definite winter records for this species, but, in recent years, it has +been noted on numerous occasions in Louisiana in that season. For +example, ten were seen at Cameron on December 13, 1940, and the same +number was noted there on January 22 and 23, 1941 (Lowery, _et al._). A +specimen was shot at Cameron on December 5, 1942 (Lowery). + + +#Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia# Ord, Wilson Plover + +Oberholser's single winter record for this species (_op. cit._, 220) has +now been supplemented by two others--fifteen birds seen and three +collected at Cameron on January 22, 1941 (Burleigh, Wallace, and Ray); +one taken at the same place on December 5, 1942 (Burdick). + + +#Pluvialis dominica dominica# (Mueller), American Golden Plover + +The presence of the Golden Plover on the northern Gulf coast in winter +already has been reported by Burleigh ("Bird Life of the Gulf Coast +Region of Mississippi," Occas. Papers Mus. Zooel. La. State Univ., 20, +1944: 367), but since there are no published instances of its occurrence +in Louisiana at that season, the following four specimens are +noteworthy: two collected near Creole by Lowery and Ray on November 21, +1940; two others shot at the same place by Burdick and Tucker on +December 6, 1942; and one seen, but not taken, near Cameron on November +22, 1941 (Lowery, _et al._). + + +#Erolia bairdii# (Coues), Baird Sandpiper + +Since there is only one previous definite record of the occurrence of +this species in the state, the following records are significant. A male +was obtained by Burdick at University, 3 miles south, on October 25, +1942. I saw three at the same place on October 29 and shot a male there +on November 9. The only spring record is that of a bird seen by me at +University, 1 mile south, on May 16, 1945. + + +#Steganopus tricolor# Vieillot, Wilson Phalarope + +Apparently the first definite record of this species in the state is +that of an adult female, in breeding plumage, shot by E. A. McIlhenny at +Avery Island, Louisiana, on May 10, 1939, and later sent to the +Louisiana State University Museum of Zooelogy. A second specimen, a male +in winter plumage, was taken by Burdick 5 miles south of the University +on September 12, 1943. + + +#Limosa fedoa# (Linnaeus), Marbled Godwit + +This species was listed by Oberholser (_op. cit._, 271) as a very rare +winter resident along the Gulf coast region of southern Louisiana and he +cited only two records of occurrence in the state. The following +additional records should clarify its present-day status. In 1940 two +were seen on East Timbalier Island on August 19, eight on November 15, +and seventy-five on both November 16 and 17. Three were seen near +Cameron on November 21, 1941. In 1942, two were seen near Cameron on +April 4, five on April 5, three on April 11, two on April 22, and one on +April 23. Another was noted near Cameron on October 7, 1943 (Lowery, _et +al._). A small series of specimens was taken from the birds mentioned +above. In connection with this species, it may be of interest to note +that the Hudsonian Godwit (_Limosa haemastica_) has not been observed in +Louisiana by me or my associates. + + +#Geococcyx californianus# (Lesson), Road-runner + +The Road-runner inhabits the northwestern part of the state where it has +been reported for many years by local residents. However, since +confirmation of its occurrence was lacking, previous publications on the +birds of the state have not listed, it. The first definite record is +that of a bird killed near Shreveport, on May 1, 1938, by an unspecified +collector. Another was shot four miles north of Keatchie, De Soto +Parish, on July 9, 1943, by Delmer B. Johnson, at that time field +biologist with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Both +specimens are in the Louisiana State University Museum. Johnson states +that he has seen the species on a number of occasions, specific records +being in April and May, 1943, twelve miles east of Mansfield, and two +miles east of Logansport. Various reports of nests have been received, +but as yet no completely satisfactory breeding record for the state has +been obtained. + + +#Columbigallina passerina pallescens# (Baird), Mexican Ground Dove + +The Louisiana State University Museum of Zooelogy now has a series of 21 +specimens of _Columbigallina passerina_ collected in Louisiana since the +publication of Oberholser's book, in which only a few records for _C. p. +passerina_ alone are cited. Examination of the new material reveals that +eleven specimens are clearly referable to _pallescens_, providing, +therefore, an addition to the avifauna of the state. As might be +expected, _pallescens_ prevails in the western part of the state, +although, at least occasionally, it migrates farther east. The specimens +identifiable as _pallescens_ are as follows: 7 [Male], 1 [Female], +Cameron, April 3, 1938 (Lowery); December 15, 1940 (Wallace); November 1 +and 20, 1941 (Burdick and Lowery); October 31, 1942 (Burdick and +Tucker). Two females were taken at White Castle on January 18, 1938 +(Hewes), and another was shot at Carville on January 15, 1941 (Lowery). +No Louisiana breeding record for the species is yet available, but in +1939 I saw a pair in the last week of May at Baton Rouge, another near +Plaquemine on May 17, 1946, and George M. Sutton and I noted a pair +almost daily at Cameron between April 22 and 30, 1942. If the bird +breeds in Cameron Parish, the nesting race may prove to be _pallescens_, +since a bird taken there on April 3, as listed above, belongs to that +subspecies. + + +#Chordeiles minor minor# (Forster), Eastern Nighthawk + +Since the one previous record (Oberholser, _op. cit._, 348) of the +occurrence of this subspecies in the state now proves to be an example +of _C. m. howelli_, the following specimens, all taken after the +publication of Oberholser's book, constitute the only Louisiana records: +4 [Male], 1 [Female], University, October 3, 5, 12, 23, 1941 (Burdick, +Howell, Ray, and Lowery); 4 [Male], 1 [Female], University, May 15, 18, +22, 30, 1942 (Burdick and Lowery); 1 [Male], Creole, September 2, 1944 +(Burdick). + + +#Chordeiles minor howelli# Oberholser, Howell Nighthawk + +The only state records known, all previously unpublished, are as +follows: 1 [Female], Colfax, May 15, 1937 (Lowery); 2 [Male], 1 +[Female], University, May 23 and 24 and October 3, 1941 (Ray and +Lowery); 3 [Male], University, May 22 and 25, 1942 (Burdick); 1 [Male], +Chloe, 10 miles south, April 28, 1945; 1 [Male], Creole, 2 miles west, +April 30, 1945 (Tucker). + + +#Chordeiles minor aserriensis# Cherrie, Cherrie Nighthawk + +Three specimens, one male and two females, taken from flocks of +migrating nighthawks at University on September 29 and October 3 and 9, +1941 (Ray and Lowery), are the only records of the occurrence of this +race in the state. + + +#Chordeiles minor sennetti# Coues, Sennett Nighthawk + +A female taken at University on September 29, 1941 (Burdick), and a male +shot at the same place on May 22, 1942 (Lowery), constitute the basis +for the addition of this subspecies to the Louisiana list. + + +#Chordeiles acutipennis texensis# Lawrence, Texas Nighthawk + +At dusk on April 10, 1942, in company with Burdick and Ray, I +encountered a small flock of nighthawks feeding over the marsh near the +beach a few miles from Cameron. Darkness came before more than two could +be collected, but both of these proved to be the Texas Nighthawk, a +species not heretofore recorded from Louisiana. On the following day a +nighthawk was found perched in a tree near the marsh where the birds had +been seen the previous evening. It was collected and likewise proved to +be _texensis_. + + +#Muscivora forficata# (Gmelin), Scissor-tailed Flycatcher + +The nesting of this species in northwestern Louisiana has been indicated +for some time, especially after Wallace noted it at Lucas, in Caddo +Parish, on June 16 and July 21, 1942. However, the first authentic +breeding record for the state was furnished by a freshly built nest +found by Edgar W. Fullilove and myself several miles below Bossier, on +July 3, 1945. At least two pairs were found there in a large cotton +field in which an occasional pecan tree had been left standing. The nest +was in one of these trees, about 25 feet from the ground and far out on +the end of a limb. Fullilove informed me that to his knowledge the +species had nested in this field for at least ten years and that on +numerous previous occasions he had seen both nests and young. + + +#Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens# (Lawrence), Ash-throated Flycatcher + +The first record of the occurrence of this species in Louisiana is that +of a male collected by Howell at University, on March 20, 1943. On +December 23, 1945, I shot a second specimen, a female, on the bank of +False River opposite New Roads. When found, both birds were actively +pursuing insects and on being skinned, both were found to be very fat. + + +#Empidonax flaviventris# (Baird and Baird), Yellow-bellied Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 394) listed this species as a rare autumn +transient, citing one definite Louisiana record for that season. On the +contrary, the species is quite regular in fall. Six specimens have been +collected at University, one each on September 12, 17, 18, and 28, 1940, +October 22, 1942, and September 26, 1943 (Lowery and Wallace). Two +others have been taken at Cameron, on October 7, 1943 (Burleigh), and +September 2, 1944 (Lowery). There are numerous sight records, but since +the species cannot be distinguished with certainty in the field from +extremely yellow-plumaged Acadian Flycatchers, none of these is +recorded. + + +#Empidonax traillii traillii# (Audubon), Alder Flycatcher + +This species long has been regarded as an uncommon transient in +Louisiana in both spring and fall. However, recent field work has shown +the bird to occur regularly and sometimes abundantly in autumnal +migration. Forty-one specimens have been collected at University on +dates ranging from August 17 to October 5 (Lowery, _et al._). Specimens +taken by Burleigh at New Orleans on September 27, 1941, and August 23, +1943, are in the Louisiana State University Museum. + + +#Empidonax minimus# (Baird and Baird), Least Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 397) listed this species as an uncommon +transient since he had only a few sight records at hand. Since field +identification of all eastern empidonaces in fall is open to question, +our recent data, based on collected material, are significant. Six +specimens have been taken at University on dates ranging from September +15 to October 5, and five at Cameron between July 25 and October 17 +inclusive (Lowery, _et al._). Another specimen in the collection is that +of a bird taken by Burleigh at New Orleans on October 1, 1942. There is, +as yet, no unquestionable spring record for Louisiana. + + +#Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus# Sclater, Vermilion Flycatcher + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 401) listed only one record for this species, a +male observed by H. E. Wallace at University, on February 6, 1938, and +shot the next day by me. Since 1938, however, it has been found +regularly and frequently at numerous localities in southern Louisiana in +winter. At Baton Rouge, for example, an adult male was noted almost +daily between October 19, 1941, and January 7, 1942, at a small pond on +the University campus. An immature male was seen there also on November +25, 1941, but not thereafter. In the following autumn another adult male +appeared at the same place on October 23, and was observed regularly +until January 15, 1943. Again, an adult male returned to the same area +on November 10, 1943, and remained until the middle of January, 1944. W. +C. Abbott informs me that for several years one or two individuals have +spent the winter at a small willow-bordered pond at his home near +Hopevilla, Iberville Parish. Like the individuals noted at Baton Rouge, +Abbott's birds arrived in October or November and remained until the +following January or February. H. B. Chase, Jr., noted two individuals +at City Park Lake in New Orleans in the winter of 1944-45, and three at +the same place in the winter of 1945-46. I have seen the species +frequently in Cameron Parish, in southwestern Louisiana, where six +specimens have been collected on dates ranging from November 4 to +January 22. Atwood (Auk, 60, 1943: 453) has also recorded its presence +near the Laccasine Refuge in Cameron Parish. An immature male was +obtained at False River, near Lakeland, in Pointe Coupee Parish, on +November 8, 1942 (Burdick). E. A. McIlhenny writes me that he has seen +the species many times at Avery Island and recently he sent me a skin of +an adult female which he collected there on October 25, 1945 (also _cf._ +McIlhenny, Auk, 52, 1935: 187). From these data it is evident that the +Vermilion Flycatcher is now a regular winter visitor to southern +Louisiana. + + +#Troglodytes troglodytes pullus# (Burleigh), Southern Winter Wren + +A rather large series of Winter Wrens, all taken later than the date of +publication of Oberholser's book, includes three specimens of this race +and provides an addition to the state list. Two of the specimens are +males collected at Baton Rouge on November 23 and December 21, 1943 +(Burleigh), and the other is a male shot at the same place on January +23, 1944 (Burdick). Several additional specimens in the series are +noticeably darker than the average _hiemalis_ and may have migrated from +a zone of intergradation. + + +#Turdus migratorius nigrideus# Aldrich and Nutt, Newfoundland Robin + +The only two records for the occurrence of this race in Louisiana are +those of specimens taken at Baton Rouge on February 1, 1937, and +February 9, 1946 (Lowery). + + +#Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni# (Tschudi), Eastern Olive-backed Thrush + +#Hylocichla ustulata almae# Oberholser, Alma Olive-backed Thrush + +Only four Louisiana specimens of the Olive-backed Thrush were available +to Oberholser in 1938. He identified two as _swainsoni_ and two as +_almae_. We have since collected twenty-five specimens in the state, +seven of which are definitely _almae_. Of the remaining, all are clearly +_swainsoni_ with the exception of a few that appear intermediate in +color. The specimens of _almae_ were collected at Cameron, Baton Rouge, +and Baines on dates ranging from April 26 to May 16 and from September +29 to October 6. The specimens of _swainsoni_ were taken at New Orleans, +Port Hudson, Baton Rouge, and Baines between April 20 and May 16 and +between September 12 and October 28. + + +#Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola# Ridgway, Willow Thrush + +Oberholser (_op. cit._, 474) recorded this race as a rare spring +transient on the basis of two records. However, eleven out of +twenty-three recently taken specimens are referable to _salicicola_, +indicating that _salicicola_ and _fuscescens_ possibly occur in +approximately equal numbers, in both spring and fall. The dates on which +_salicicola_ have been collected range from April 22 to May 16, and from +September 14 to 27. They were taken at Cameron, Port Hudson, Baton +Rouge, University, and Baines. + + +#Anthus spinoletta pacificus# Todd, Western Pipit + +The only Louisiana record for this far western race is that of a female +taken by me at Jennings, on January 3, 1943. The specimen was sent to +Alden H. Miller, who compared it with material in the Museum of +Vertebrate Zooelogy and verified the identification. As a rule, I +scrutinize closely with binoculars all flocks of pipits, and as a +result, on several occasions have detected pale individuals that stood +out from the remainder of the flock. However, the above-mentioned +specimen is the only individual so detected that I succeeded in +shooting. + + +#Vireo solitarius alticola# Brewster, Mountain Vireo + +Four specimens out of a series of twenty-eight Blue-headed Vireos taken +in Louisiana since 1938 are referable to this race. It has not been +recorded previously from the state. The specimens consist of a male and +a female collected at Bogalusa on February 9, 1939, a male taken at +Tunica on March 30, 1939, and a female at Erwinville on March 11, 1941 +(Lowery). + + +#Helmitheros vermivorus# (Gmelin), Worm-eating Warbler + +Although there are no published nesting records of this species in +Louisiana, it is now known to be a common summer resident in the +beech-magnolia forests of the Bayou Sara-Tunica Hills section north of +St. Francisville. Jas. Hy. Bruns has supplied me with copious data on +the birds seen in the nesting season at Baines, and the two of us have +spent a great deal of time searching for a nest, without success. +However, Bruns obtained a juvenile female, just out of a nest, on June +28, 1942. + + +#Seiurus aurocapillus furvior# Batchelder, Newfoundland Oven-bird + +#Seiurus aurocapillus cinereus# A. H. Miller, Gray Oven-bird + +Four specimens in our series of Oven-birds are identifiable without +question as examples of _furvior_. Two were collected by me at +University on September 15 and 25, 1940, and Tucker shot one there on +September 27, 1942, and another at Cameron on April 29, 1945. There are +also two specimens in the series referable to _cinereus_, as well as +several that are intermediate between _cinereus_ and _S. a. +aurocapillus_. Burdick shot one of the typical examples of _cinereus_ at +University on September 24, 1942, and I shot the other at the same place +on May 16, 1945. + + +#Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis# (Gmelin), Northern Water-thrush + +#Seiurus noveboracensis limnaeus# McCabe and Miller, British Columbia +Water-thrush + +A. H. Miller has recently examined our large series of migrant +Water-thrushes and identified three as good examples of _limnaeus_, and +six as _noveboracensis_, neither one of which has been recorded +previously from the state. The specimens of _limnaeus_ were taken at or +near University on October 2, 1942 (Howell), October 12, 1943, and May +11, 1945 (Burleigh). The specimens of _noveboracensis_ were collected at +University on September 14, 1941 (Lowery); at Baines on September 4, +1943, August 20, 1944, and May 6, 1945 (Bruns); at New Orleans on +October 20, 1941 (Burleigh); and at Cameron on April 26, 1942 (Lowery). + + +#Geothlypis trichas occidentalis# Brewster, Western Yellow-throat + +I have found it impracticable to determine subspecifically every +specimen in our series of 104 Yellow-throats from Louisiana. However, +two female specimens taken by me, one at Cameron on December 4, 1938, +and the other on False River at Lakeland on February 11, 1941, are +without doubt representatives of the race now known as _occidentalis_, a +subspecies not previously recorded from this state. Several additional +specimens in the series are probably also of that race, but I am +deferring, for the time, recording them as such. + + +#Icteria virens virens# (Linnaeus), Yellow-breasted Chat + +The only winter record for Louisiana is that of a female taken by me at +Hackberry on January 24, 1941. + + +#Wilsonia pusilla pusilla# (Wilson), Wilson Warbler + +The only winter record for the state is that of a female shot by T. D. +Burleigh on December 20, 1944, in a thicket along the Mississippi River +at University. He first found the bird at this place in November, and he +saw it several times in December before he succeeded in obtaining it. +Since Oberholser cited so few Louisiana records, it might be well to +mention in this connection that the species is after all a fairly common +fall migrant in southern Louisiana. At Baton Rouge it occurs regularly +between September 11 and October 24, and at Cameron it has been noted +between October 17 and November 21. There are still no spring records +for southern Louisiana. + + +#Sturnella neglecta# Audubon, Western Meadowlark + +In 1938 Oberholser cited only two Louisiana records, both from the +northwestern part of the state. However, recently the species has been +found in the south-central region. Two were collected at Churchill on +February 11, 1941 (Lowery and Wallace), and another was shot at +University on December 9, 1942 (Burdick). There are in addition several +sight records, all of birds in song. + + +#Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola# Lowery, Mesquite Great-tailed Grackle + +I am indebted to E. A. McIlhenny for material that now permits the +definite recording of this subspecies from Louisiana. On occasions +during the winters of 1938, 1939, and 1940, McIlhenny sent me specimens +of grackles in the flesh which he had removed from his bird-banding +traps at Avery Island. Selection was based primarily on eye-color; +individuals with clear yellow irises proved invariably to be examples of +_prosopidicola_, whereas those with brown or yellow-brown irises were +always _major_. The final basis for sub-specific identification was, +however, size and plumage color. The series provided by McIlhenny +consists of six females taken on November 24 and December 20, 1938, +December 18, 1939, January 22 and March 5, 1940. Since the range in +Texas of typical _prosopidicola_ extends eastward to within thirty miles +of the Louisiana line, it is not surprising that occasional individuals +or flocks wander into Louisiana in winter. + + +#Passerculus sandwichensis mediogriseus# Aldrich, Southeastern Savannah +Sparrow + +#Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius# Howe, Labrador Savannah Sparrow + +#Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis# Grinnell, Nevada Savannah Sparrow + +Our series of 107 Savannah Sparrows, collected in Louisiana almost +entirely since the publication of Oberholser's book, includes +representatives of five geographical races, as follows: 37 _savanna_, 24 +_oblitus_, 12 _mediogriseus_, 8 _labradorius_, and 7 _nevadensis_. The +remaining 19 specimens show various combinations of characters and +appear to be intergrades, and so have not been assigned definitely to +any one race. I am indebted to James L. Peters for the identification of +most of our specimens. Since _mediogriseus_ and _labradorius_ have not +been reported previously from Louisiana, and since there is only one +Louisiana record of _nevadensis_ (Miles, Auk, 60, 1943: 606-607), actual +dates and localities of occurrence for these races are listed here. _P. +s. mediogriseus_ (specimens by Burdick, Howell, Lowery, Ray, Tucker, +and Wallace)--University, January 31, 1939; February 11 and 29, April +29, November 28, and December 16, 1940; December 6 and 7, 1941; October +10 and 25, 1942; April 14, 1943. Erwinville, March 11, 1941. _P. s. +labradorius_ (specimens by Burleigh, Lowery, McIlhenny, Ray and +Wallace)--University, February 15 and November 8, 1940; January 1, 1941; +December 11, 1943. 2 mi. NE Baton Rouge, January 1, 1941. Burtville, +December 8, 1939. Avery Island, May 3, 1939. Lake Charles, November 20, +1940. _P. s. nevadensis_ (specimens by Burdick, Lowery, and +Wallace)--Iowa Station, January 23 and 24, 1940. University, February 10 +and March 10, 1940. University, December 7, 1941, and November 15, 1942. +Cameron, December 6, 1942. There are at present no _bona fide_ records +of _P. s. anthinus_ in Louisiana, since the one recorded example of that +race (Oberholser, _op. cit._, 647) appears, on reexamination, to be +referable to _savanna_ (_fide_ J. L. Peters). + + +#Ammodramus savannarum pratensis# Vieillot, Eastern Grasshopper Sparrow + +Eight specimens of the Grasshopper Sparrow taken recently in Louisiana +are without exception referable to _pratensis_. Our one remaining +specimen, a male collected at Pride on December 19, 1937, is an example +of _perpallidus_ as recorded by Oberholser (_op. cit._, 648). Although +the present series is inadequate for determining the prevailing form in +the state in the winter, it would appear that _pratensis_ is more +common, rather than _perpallidus_ as indicated by Oberholser. + + +#Chondestes grammacus strigatus# Swainson, Western Lark Sparrow + +Oberholser cited only one Louisiana record for this race. The following +additional records are now available: a specimen was taken by Howell at +Cameron on October 31, 1942, and one was obtained by me at University on +April 13, 1945. The species is a transient in both localities. A +supplementary winter record for the Lark Sparrow in Louisiana is that of +an individual seen at Port Hudson on December 23, 1945, by Howell and +Newman. The bird was shot, but unfortunately, it was not retrieved. + + +#Junco hyemalis cismontanus# Dwight, Cassiar Junco + +The only specimen in our series of Slate-colored Juncos that is a +clear-cut example of this race is a male taken by Ambrose Daigre at +Catahoula Lake on November 29, 1939. A. H. Miller has confirmed the +identification. + + +#Calcarius lapponicus alascensis# Ridgway, Alaska Longspur + +Oberholser listed this species as a casual winter visitor in northern +Louisiana, which was possibly no more than was indicated by records then +available to him. Since 1938, however, the species has been observed in +large flocks at various localities in the southern part of the state, +notably in January, 1941, when the whole state was blanketed with snow. +Nevertheless, snow is apparently not prerequisite to the appearance of +the species this far south, for on January 1 and 3, 1943, a flock of +approximately a thousand individuals was seen a few miles north of +Jennings. Again, on February 14, 1943, about half of what may have been +the original flock was observed there. In neither instance was there +snow anywhere in Louisiana. Of the thirty specimens in the Louisiana +State University Collection, eleven have been identified by Alexander +Wetmore as somewhat intermediate between _alascensis_ and _lapponicus_, +but closer to the former. Only _lapponicus_ has been previously recorded +from Louisiana. The specimens of _alascensis_ were taken at Baton Rouge +on January 25 and 28, 1940; Cornor, January 27, 1940; Lottie, January +27, 1940; and 10 miles north of Jennings, January 1 and February 14, +1943 (Burdick, Campbell, Hewes, Lowery, and Wallace). + + _Transmitted February 1, 1947._ + + + 21-6959 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Additions to the List of the Birds of +Louisiana, by George H. Lowery, Jr. + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIST OF BIRDS *** + +***** This file should be named 34546.txt or 34546.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/5/4/34546/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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